Wikimedia Incubator incubatorwiki https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Incubator:Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Incubator Incubator talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Translations Translations talk Event Event talk 0 22869 7240361 6736664 2026-07-05T16:38:23Z ~2026-38384-23 2692209 /* Ἐξωτερικοὶ σύνδεσμοι */ 7240361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/grc/Dialect|attic}} {{Wp/grc/Revised}} [[Image:ACMA Athéna contemplative.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Ἡ λεγομένη Ἀθηνᾶ ἡ Σκεπτομένη. (Ἀνάγλυφον, ἐν ᾧ ἡ θεός, πέπλον τε Ἀττικὸn καὶ κράνος Κορινθιακὸν ἐνδεδυμένη, τὴν κεφαλὴν ἐπὶ τῷ δόρατι ἐρείδει. Ἔργον τῶν περὶ τὸ 460 π.Χ. χρόνων.)]] '''Ἀθηνᾶ''' ἐν τῇ ἀρχαίᾳ Ἑλληνικῇ θρησκείᾳ καὶ μυθολογίᾳ μία τῶν σπουδαιοτάτων θεῶν νομίζεται. Ὡς γὰρ θεὰ σοφίας, στρατηγίας τε καὶ παντοίων τεχνῶν, εἰς τὸν κύκλον τῶν Δώδεκα Ὀλυμπίων κατελέγετο. Εἰώθασι δὲ αὐτὴν ἐν τοῖς ἀγάλμασι παριστάναι κράνος τε καὶ θώρακα φοροῦσαν, καὶ γλαῦκα πάρεδρον ἔχουσαν· ταῦτα γὰρ ἀμφότερα σύμβολά ἐστι τῆς τε συνέσεως καὶ τῆς πολεμικῆς προνοίας αὐτῆς. ==Γένεσις== Ἡ περὶ τῆς γενέσεως αὐτῆς διήγησις ἐπιφανεστάτη τῶν ἐν τοῖς Ἑλληνικοῖς μύθοις ἐστίν· πᾶσι γὰρ τοῖς ὅπλοις ὡπλισμένη καὶ τελεία ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς τοῦ Διὸς ἐξέθορε. Ἡσιόδου γοῦν ἡ Θεογονία διηγεῖται ὡς ὁ Ζεὺς τὴν Μῆτιν ἔγκυον οὖσαν καταπίοι, ὕστερον δέ, σχισθείσης αὐτοῦ τῆς κεφαλῆς Ἡφαίστου πελέκει, ἡ θεὰ ἐξέθορε· ὥστε καὶ αὐτὴ ἡ γένεσις τὸν νοερὸν καὶ προμηθῆ χαρακτῆρα τῆς θεᾶς σημαίνει. ==Ἐπωνυμίαι καὶ Δυνάμεις== Πολλαῖς δ’ ἐπωνυμίαις ἐτιμᾶτο· Παλλὰς μὲν γὰρ ἐκλήθη, ὡς λέγεται, ἀπὸ τῆς ἑταιρίδος Παλλάδος· Πολιὰς δέ, ὅτι τὰς πόλεις ἐφύλαττεν· Ἐργάνη δέ, ὡς τῶν τεχνιτῶν οὖσα προστάτις, μάλιστα δὲ τῶν ὑφαντῶν· Πρόμαχος δέ, ἐπεὶ τῆς φάλαγγος ἦρχεν. Τὰ δὲ σύμβολα αὐτῆς ἐστι γλαῦξ μὲν σοφίας, ἐλαία δὲ εἰρήνης τε καὶ εὐετηρίας, ἡ αἰγὶς τὸ Γοργόνειον φέρουσα, καὶ τὸ δόρυ τὸ πολεμικόν. ==Πολιὰς Ἀθηνῶν== Κατ’ ἐξοχὴν δὴ ἐν Ἀθήναις ἐτιμᾶτο, ἀφ’ ἧς ἡ πόλις τὸ ὄνομα ἔλαβεν. Ἐν γὰρ τῷ πρὸς Ποσειδῶνα περὶ τῆς πόλεως ἀγῶνι ἐκρίθη τὸ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς δῶρον—ἐλαία καρποφόρος—κρεῖττον εἶναι τῆς τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἁλμυρᾶς κρήνης· καὶ ἐκ τούτου ἡ θεὰ τῇ πόλει προστάτις διέμεινεν. Ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀκροπόλεως ὁ Παρθενὼν ὡς μέγιστος οἶκος αὐτῆς ἵδρυται, καὶ ἐν τοῖς Παναθηναίοις κατ’ ἔτος οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἀγῶσι, πομπαῖς, καὶ θυσίαις ἐτίμων τὴν θεόν. ==Σύμμαχος ἡρώων, τιμωρὸς ὑβριστῶν== Προθύμως τοῖς ἥρωσιν ἡ Ἀθηνᾶ συνηγωνίζετο· ἐν μὲν τῇ Ἰλιάδι Ἀχιλλεῖ τε καὶ Ὀδυσσεῖ, Ἡρακλεῖ δέ, Περσεῖ, Βελλεροφόντῃ, καὶ Ἰάσονι ἐν τοῖς ἄθλοις τὴν ὁδὸν ἔδειξεν. Ὁπόταν δέ τις εἰς τὴν θεὰν ὑβρίζῃ, δεινῶς τιμωρεῖται· τὴν μὲν γὰρ Ἀράχνην εἰς ἀράχνην μετέβαλεν, τὴν δὲ Μέδουσαν, ὅτι ἐν τῷ ναῷ ἐμιάνθη, τερατώδη ἐποίησεν, Τειρεσίαν δὲ τυφλὸν ἀπέφηνεν, παράδειγμα τοῖς θνητοῖς παρεχομένη. ==Κληρονομία== Μετὰ τὴν ἀρχαιότητα ἡ θεὰ παρὰ Ῥωμαίοις Μινέρβα ἐκλήθη. Κατὰ δὲ τοὺς Μεσαιωνικοὺς χρόνους ἔνιοι τὴν εἰκόνα αὐτῆς πρὸς τὴν τῆς Θεοτόκου παρεῖχον. Ἐν δὲ τῇ Ἀναγεννήσει καὶ μέχρι τοῦ νῦν, διαμένει σύμβολον σοφίας, παιδείας, δημοκρατίας, καὶ τεχνῶν, ἐν τέχνῃ τε καὶ λογοτεχνίᾳ καὶ πολιτικοῖς σήμασι πανταχοῦ διαλάμπουσα. ==Ἐξωτερικοὶ σύνδεσμοι== {{Wp/grc/Commons|Athena|τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς}} {{Wp/grc/Δωδεκάθεοι}} [[Category:Wp/grc/Μυθολογία|Αθηνα]] [[Category:Wp/grc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q37122}} eaw3bj3tyucyuz5vcsfpcg44etjeal8 0 24038 7240769 2073477 2026-07-06T09:08:44Z Soy20 2653919 7240769 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''Dandansoy''' isa ka tanyag nga ''ambahanon'' nga Hiligaynon. Ini ang mga pulong sini: Dandansoy, bayaan ta ikaw<br> Pauli ako sa payaw<br> Ugaling kon ikaw hidlawon<br> ang payaw imo lang lantawon.<br> <br> Dandansoy, kon imo apason<br> Bisan tubig di magbalon<br> Ugaling kon ikaw uhawon<br> Sa dalan magbubon-bubon.<br> <br> Kumbento, diin ang cura?<br> Munisipyo, diin justicia?<br> Yari si dansoy may kiha<br> May kiha sa paghigugma.<br> <br> Ang panyo mo kag panyo ko<br> Dal-a diri kay tambihon ko<br> Ugaling kon magkasilo<br> Bana ta ikaw, asawa mo ako.<br> ==Tabid sa guwa== *[http://filipinosongsatbp.blogspot.com/2006_07_01_archive.html Mga pulong sang Dandansoy] [[Category:Wp/hil]] [[Category:Wp/hil/Mga amba]] [[Category:Wp/hil/Hiligaynon]] 6njpuqm6vn1xyewoia2whzb5zodirbn 0 26196 7240848 5603555 2026-07-06T10:19:37Z Soy20 2653919 7240848 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''hardin''' isa ka artipisyal nga paagi nga kon diin ang [[Wp/hil/Mga tanum|mga tanum]] ginapadaku sa balay. May duha ka klase sang hardin, ang hardin nga nagapamunga, kag ang hardin nga pandekorasyon. == Mga Tanum nga Nagapamunga == Karot- Ang gamot sang ini nga tanum dalagkuon kag takus kan-on. Kinahanglan ang isa ka tuig agud nga magdaku ang iya gamot para kan-on. Isa pa gid ka tuig ang kinahanglan agud nga makabunga ang karot sang binhi. Ang tawag sa [[Wp/hil/Ingles|Ingles]] sa ini nga klase sang tanum amo ang ''bienial''. [[Wp/hil/Melon|Melon]]- [[Wp/hil/Sandiya|Sandiya]] == Mga Tanum nga Pandekorasyon == [[Category:Wp/hil]] [[Category:Wp/hil/Alalangay kag Kalingawan]] [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1107656}} 8y91us4qucoy3qgzy5ovy9blnrq6ixm 0 31862 7240647 5595186 2026-07-06T05:05:15Z Soy20 2653919 7240647 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''Balaan nga Kasulatan''' mga gintipon nga kasulatan nga ginakabig nga sagrado sa isa ka relihiyon. Halimbawa: Sagrado ang '''Bibliya''' sa mga Kristiyano. Sagrado man ang '''Koran''' sa mga Muslim kag Sagrado ang '''Torah''' sa mga Hudyo. [[Category:Wp/hil]] [[Category:Wp/hil/Relihiyon]] [[category:wp/hil/Panulat]] {{INTERWIKI|Q179461}} 5cshs6ybdk92gngcihqas5n8rm206c1 0 31864 7240836 5629011 2026-07-06T10:12:48Z Soy20 2653919 7240836 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Graciano López y Jaena''' isa ka propagandista sa Rebolusyon sang Pilipinas. Sia ang una nga editor sang La Solidaridad. Sia ang manogsulat sang 'Fray Butod', isa ka obra nga pampakaladlaw (Satirical Work), tuhoy sa isa ka matambok nga pari. {{DEFAULTSORT:Lopez, Graciano Jaena}} [[Category:Wp/hil]] [[Category:Wp/hil/Mga Pilipinhon]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3550192}} nff5ocdiyz580awmaqe5cyak1sr3cf3 0 33869 7240768 5634684 2026-07-06T09:07:42Z Soy20 2653919 7240768 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Ernesto Guevara de la Serna''' (Hunyo 14, 1928 – Oktubre 9, 1967), mas kilala sa ngalan nga '''Che Guevara''' ukon '''el Che''', isa ka manogbulong nga natawo sa Argentina, rebolusyonaryo nga Marxista, pulitiko, kag pinuno sang hulag gerilya sa Cuba. Bilang isang kabataang nag-aaral ng medisina, mahirap na nilakbay ni Guevara ang buong Latino Amerika, na dahilan upang maharap niya ang katotohanang ng kahirapang nararanasan sa bawat bayan na kanyang madaanan. Sa mga karanasan niyang ito, napaniwala ang sarili na rebolusyon lamang ang tanging paraan upang lunasan ang hindi pagkakapantay-pantay ng ekonomiya ng rehiyon, na nagdala sa kanya ng pag-aaral ng Marksismo at naging kasangkot sa rebolusyong lipunan ng Guatemala sa ilalim ni Pangulong Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán. Sa kalaunan, naging kasapi si Guevara sa Kilusang ika-26 ng Hulyo (26th of July Movement) ni Fidel Castro na inagaw ang kapangyarihan sa Cuba noong 1959. Pagkatapos magsilbi sa iba't ibang mahahalagang posisyon ng bagong pamahalaan at nagsulat ng mga aklat tungkol sa teoriya at pagsasanay ng pakikibakang gerilya, umalis si Guevara sa Cuba noong 1965 kasama ang hangaring pag-initin muna ang mga rebolusyon sa Congo-Kinshasa (pinangalan sa kalaunan bilang Democratic Republic of the Congo) at sa Bolivia, kung saan nadakip siya ng mga organisadong operasyong militar ng CIA. Namatay si Guevara sa kamay ng Sandatahang Lakas ng Bolivia sa La Higuera malapit sa Vallegrande noong Oktubre 9, 1967. Ang mga lumahok at mga saksi sa huling mga oras ni Guevera ang nagpatunay na kabuuang binitay (summary execution) siya ng mga bumihag sa kanya, marahil upang maiwasan ang pampublikong paglilitis pagkatapos ng pagkakulong sa Bolivia. Pagkatapos ng kanyang kamatayan, naging simbolo si Guevara ng mga kilusang rebolusyong sosyalismo sa buong daigdig. Nagkamit ng malawak na pamamahagi at pagbabago ang isang litrato ni Guevara (kaliwa) na kuha ni Alberto Korda. Tinawag ng Pamulaan ng Sining sa Maryland (Maryland Institute of Art) ang larawan bilang "ang pinakatanyag na litrato sa buong mundo at isang simbolo ng ika-20 siglo." [[Category:Wp/hil]] [[Category:Wp/hil/Arhentina]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5809}} pn4j8ei8otkh2yjrg8ql8fwpidv2vgo 0 45599 7240607 7227301 2026-07-06T02:28:22Z Istiklol07 2601906 Replaced content with "_{This page is not fully translated.} {{Wp/kri/Nyu Men Pej}} {{Wp/kri/Anglophone World}} [[Category:Wp/kri| ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}}" 7240607 wikitext text/x-wiki _{This page is not fully translated.} {{Wp/kri/Nyu Men Pej}} {{Wp/kri/Anglophone World}} [[Category:Wp/kri| ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} m7ssw9pwusec2t13vnvn8othq0g9nhp 0 50163 7240828 5655794 2026-07-06T10:06:44Z Soy20 2653919 7240828 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Desktop computer clipart - Yellow theme.svg]] Ang '''Friendster''' ang isa sa mga sikat nga ginakalingawan sang mga kabataan sadto. Madamo nga Ilonggo ang nakausar kag nagsuporta sini. [[Category:Wp/hil]] [[Category:wp/hil/Impormatika]] [[Category:Wp/hil/Alalangay kag Kalingawan]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1347103}} plje9djiysvr2zpo7zf4lw57ptij00h 0 61630 7240171 5828652 2026-07-05T13:19:54Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Kohntri | Name = Gambia | Flag = Flag of The Gambia.svg | COA =Coat_of_arms_of_The_Gambia.svg | Location = Gambia (orthographic projection with inset).svg | Kapital =Banjul | Offistòk =[[Wp/kri/Inglish|Inglish]] | Area =11,300 | Pipuldèm =2,422,712 }} '''Gambia''' na wan smòll [[Wp/kri/Kòntri|Kòntri]] na [[Wp/kri/Wèst Afrika|Wèst Afrika]] we gèt bòt sòm 2,422,712 pipuledèm. [[Category:Wp/kri]] [[Category:Wp/kri/Wɛst Afrika]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1005}} 03yd96i0mu94v7h0lnvn4teygstbd3x 0 95076 7240424 5592181 2026-07-05T19:57:56Z ANGELCC66 2610300 u na'akspajal jump'éel oochel 7240424 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ku'uk.jpg|thumb|Juntúul chan ku'uk]] [[Image:Eastern Gray Squirrel 800.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Ku'uk]] '''Chak ku’uk''' (sciurus vulgaris), wáaj chen ku’uk, junp’éel u jejeláasil ch’o’ esciuromorfo ti’ u láak’tsilo’ob Sciuridae. Le chak ku'ukoba'jach ya’ab yaan tu k’aaxilo’ob Europa. == Bix u wíinkilal== U wíinkilale’ ku p’isik 20 wáaj 30 cm yéetel u neje’ 15 wáaj 25 cm. Ku p’isik ti’ 250 tak 340 g. U boonil u tso’otsele’ chak. Ken k’uchuk u k'iinil ke’elile' ku chíikpajal tso’otselil p’ooto’ob tu xikino’ob. Tu k’abo’obe’ yaan kanp’éel u yaal k’abi’ tu yooko’obe’ yaan jo’op’éeli’.U wíikilale' ma’ tu ye’esik wáaj xíibi' wa ch’upi’. ==Bix u kuxtal== Kajnáalil suuk ti’ k’aaxo’ob ti’ coníferas, ba’ale’ kaja’an xan ti’ jejeláas che’ob. Ti’ k’iine’ ku maan u kaxantik yéetel u jaantik yich pak’alo’ob, neek’o’ob, sóolo’ob beyxan yik’elo’ob, je’ yéetel ch’íich’o’ob. Leti’e’ ma’ tu búuyul wenel, ma’ tu jawal u maan, ku náaisik u yóol yéetel u jáantik le ba’axo’ob ts’o’ok u much’ik ti’ u jool che’ob wáaj tunicho’ob. U kuxtale’ ku máansik yook’ol u k’ab le che’obo’ ba’ale’ ku yéemel xan u ch’a’aik u yo’och. Beyxan chen ch’a’abil u báab. [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Ba'alche'o'ob]] {{INTERWIKI|Q858243}} cnjokgf5fb83ybc2y12diuzix2a1vtj 7240584 7240424 2026-07-05T23:04:11Z 26agcp 2575807 removed [[Category:Wp/yua/Ba'alche'o'ob]]; added [[Category:Wp/yua/Ba'alche'ob]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240584 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ku'uk.jpg|thumb|Juntúul chan ku'uk]] [[Image:Eastern Gray Squirrel 800.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Ku'uk]] '''Chak ku’uk''' (sciurus vulgaris), wáaj chen ku’uk, junp’éel u jejeláasil ch’o’ esciuromorfo ti’ u láak’tsilo’ob Sciuridae. Le chak ku'ukoba'jach ya’ab yaan tu k’aaxilo’ob Europa. == Bix u wíinkilal== U wíinkilale’ ku p’isik 20 wáaj 30 cm yéetel u neje’ 15 wáaj 25 cm. Ku p’isik ti’ 250 tak 340 g. U boonil u tso’otsele’ chak. Ken k’uchuk u k'iinil ke’elile' ku chíikpajal tso’otselil p’ooto’ob tu xikino’ob. Tu k’abo’obe’ yaan kanp’éel u yaal k’abi’ tu yooko’obe’ yaan jo’op’éeli’.U wíikilale' ma’ tu ye’esik wáaj xíibi' wa ch’upi’. ==Bix u kuxtal== Kajnáalil suuk ti’ k’aaxo’ob ti’ coníferas, ba’ale’ kaja’an xan ti’ jejeláas che’ob. Ti’ k’iine’ ku maan u kaxantik yéetel u jaantik yich pak’alo’ob, neek’o’ob, sóolo’ob beyxan yik’elo’ob, je’ yéetel ch’íich’o’ob. Leti’e’ ma’ tu búuyul wenel, ma’ tu jawal u maan, ku náaisik u yóol yéetel u jáantik le ba’axo’ob ts’o’ok u much’ik ti’ u jool che’ob wáaj tunicho’ob. U kuxtale’ ku máansik yook’ol u k’ab le che’obo’ ba’ale’ ku yéemel xan u ch’a’aik u yo’och. Beyxan chen ch’a’abil u báab. [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Ba'alche'ob]] {{INTERWIKI|Q858243}} 6gouu4rtm1bc4ce5jw9yz3iaweljgyv 4 102554 7240585 7239420 2026-07-05T23:58:37Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* User:ExfactoLexander@kix */ Reply 7240585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Incubator:Administrators/top}} <br clear="all" /> {{#switch:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}|sysop|autoconfirmed={{notice|If you see this message box, the page is currently protected.<br />Users who are not currently able to edit this page can provide feedback on candidates for permissions on the [[Incubator talk:Administrators|talk page]].}}|#default=}} === Current requests for adminship === === Current requests for test adminship === {{Shortcut|[[I:RFTA]]|archivelink=I:Administrators/Archive/Test adminship {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} ====[[User:Пан Хаунд 2]] ([[Wy/syl]], [[wb/syl]])==== Hello! I would like to restore my test admin rights to deal with vandalism and delete mistakenly created pages. [[User:Пан Хаунд 2|Пан Хаунд 2]] ([[User talk:Пан Хаунд 2|talk]]) 09:27, 28 May 2026 (UTC) :{{support}}-- [[File:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ.png|75px|link=User:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|]]([[User_talk:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|talk]]) 21:52, 28 June 2026 (UTC) Done. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:00, 3 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:Пан Хаунд 2|Пан Хаунд 2]] ([[User talk:Пан Хаунд 2|talk]]) 15:58, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ==== [[User:ExfactoLexander]]@kix ==== I would like to request test-administrator rights on [[Wt/kix|Wikimedia Incubator]] for the Khiamniungan Naga Wiktionary. This will allow me to manage test wiki and help develop the language project as intended. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:ExfactoLexander|ExfactoLexander]] ([[User talk:ExfactoLexander|talk]]) 20:04, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :[[User:ExfactoLexander|ExfactoLexander]]: is your request for Wp/kix or Wt/kix? --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:00, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ::For Wikipedia incubator. We are working for both Wikipedia and Wiktionary. I realized much work is needed on Wikipedia incubator as we move along. So, please do consider if possible. Do check Wp/kix [[User:ExfactoLexander|ExfactoLexander]] ([[User talk:ExfactoLexander|talk]]) 15:15, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ::{{support}}--- :[[User:Bshiukhiam|Bshiukhiam]] ([[User talk:Bshiukhiam|talk]]) 23:58, 5 July 2026 (UTC) ====[[User:Sree1959|Sreekrishnan Narayanan]] ([[Wy/ml]])==== [[Wy/ml]] has been striving hard to ensure its early qualification as a full-fledged Wikivoyage subdomain, and with consistent contributions from multiple users over the past few months following a special drive initiated by the Wikimedians of Kerala group, there has been a surge in the number of articles. Being one of the major contributors, I wish to take the lead in maintaining the quality of the articles that are expected to be in line with the objectives of Wikivoyage for which I need to have access privileges of a test admin. I have gone through the expectations that come with the responsibility and am in full agreement to comply. Thanks in advance. - [[User:Sree1959|Sree1959]] ([[User talk:Sree1959|talk]]) 10:58, 30 June 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} As he is very much active in Malayalam Wikivoyage project. [[User:Adithyak1997|Adithyak1997]] ([[User talk:Adithyak1997|talk]]) 15:25, 1 July 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} The most active editor in Malayalam Wikivoyage. Very active and inspiring others to edit. --[[User:Rangan Datta Wiki|Rangan Datta Wiki]] ([[User talk:Rangan Datta Wiki|talk]]) 14:31, 2 July 2026 (UTC) Done. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:02, 3 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you [[User:Sree1959|Sree1959]] ([[User talk:Sree1959|talk]]) 00:49, 4 July 2026 (UTC) ====[[User:Ranjithsiji|Ranjithsiji]]([[Wy/ml]])==== I am [[m:User:Ranjithsiji|Ranjithsiji]] primary coordinator of [[m:Wikimedians of Kerala/Community/Representatives|Wikimedians of Kerala User Group]]. Wikimedians of Kerala User Group is actively supporting Malayalam Wikivoyage project. I am currently [[m:Event:Wikimedians of Kerala/Malayalam Wikivoyage Meetup|coordinating]] various activities around [[Wy/ml|Malayalam Wikivoyage]]. I am active Bureaucrat in Malayalam Wikipedia. I am the developer of the tool [https://inkpen.toolforge.org Inkpen], which is used to track activities and article quality of Malayalam Wikivoyage. I am doing various technical works like importing templates, Updating homepage of Malayalam Wikivoyage etc. If I get this right then I can do various maintenance tasks and do clean up work in this project. I have enough experience in doing admin related tasks in Malayalam Wikipedia. Thank you for your consideration --[[User:Ranjithsiji|Ranjithsiji]] ([[User talk:Ranjithsiji|talk]]) 14:44, 1 July 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} Trusted and experienced Wikipedian. [[User:Adithyak1997|Adithyak1997]] ([[User talk:Adithyak1997|talk]]) 15:26, 1 July 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} A very trusted and experienced Wikimedian. Long experience in different projects of Wikimedia. --[[User:Rangan Datta Wiki|Rangan Datta Wiki]] ([[User talk:Rangan Datta Wiki|talk]]) 14:33, 2 July 2026 (UTC) Done. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:02, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ====[[User:Majalam|Majalam]]([[Wt/kai]])==== I am requesting test-sysop rights for the karai-karai Wiktionary (Wt/kai) test project to help maintain and monitor the wiki as we work toward hatching the wiki. [[User:Majalam|Majalam]] ([[User talk:Majalam|talk]]) 10:21, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ====[[User:Mirlim|Mirlim]] ([[Wp/mfa]])==== Greetings, this is second request after the first one [[Incubator:Administrators/Archive/Test_adminship_2026#Mirlim_(Wp/mfa)|being archived]]. I have made [https://meta.toolforge.org/catanalysis/index.php?cat=0&title=Wp/mfa&wiki=incubatorwiki 42 edits] for this month as of the time I wrote this request. Your concern about the request would be appreciated. Thanks. {{Unsigned|Mirlim}} === Current requests for bot flags === <!-- Put your request below. new requests at the end, please!--> {{none}} === Other requests === <!-- Put your request below. new requests at the end, please!--> :'''Note: If you want to translate the interface, Translatewiki is the preferred place: [http://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?group=ext-wikimediaincubator here]. For local translations, see [[Incubator:Translation project]]''' o6kgo16ob01cuvvhvtt3ds1fc7dpw85 7240597 7240585 2026-07-06T00:36:31Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* User:ExfactoLexander@kix */ Reply 7240597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Incubator:Administrators/top}} <br clear="all" /> {{#switch:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}|sysop|autoconfirmed={{notice|If you see this message box, the page is currently protected.<br />Users who are not currently able to edit this page can provide feedback on candidates for permissions on the [[Incubator talk:Administrators|talk page]].}}|#default=}} === Current requests for adminship === === Current requests for test adminship === {{Shortcut|[[I:RFTA]]|archivelink=I:Administrators/Archive/Test adminship {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} ====[[User:Пан Хаунд 2]] ([[Wy/syl]], [[wb/syl]])==== Hello! I would like to restore my test admin rights to deal with vandalism and delete mistakenly created pages. [[User:Пан Хаунд 2|Пан Хаунд 2]] ([[User talk:Пан Хаунд 2|talk]]) 09:27, 28 May 2026 (UTC) :{{support}}-- [[File:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ.png|75px|link=User:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|]]([[User_talk:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|talk]]) 21:52, 28 June 2026 (UTC) Done. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:00, 3 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:Пан Хаунд 2|Пан Хаунд 2]] ([[User talk:Пан Хаунд 2|talk]]) 15:58, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ==== [[User:ExfactoLexander]]@kix ==== I would like to request test-administrator rights on [[Wt/kix|Wikimedia Incubator]] for the Khiamniungan Naga Wiktionary. This will allow me to manage test wiki and help develop the language project as intended. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:ExfactoLexander|ExfactoLexander]] ([[User talk:ExfactoLexander|talk]]) 20:04, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :[[User:ExfactoLexander|ExfactoLexander]]: is your request for Wp/kix or Wt/kix? --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:00, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ::For Wikipedia incubator. We are working for both Wikipedia and Wiktionary. I realized much work is needed on Wikipedia incubator as we move along. So, please do consider if possible. Do check Wp/kix [[User:ExfactoLexander|ExfactoLexander]] ([[User talk:ExfactoLexander|talk]]) 15:15, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ::{{support}}--- :[[User:Bshiukhiam|Bshiukhiam]] ([[User talk:Bshiukhiam|talk]]) 23:58, 5 July 2026 (UTC) :{{support}}---active Contributor [[User:Bshiukhiam|Bshiukhiam]] ([[User talk:Bshiukhiam|talk]]) 00:36, 6 July 2026 (UTC) ====[[User:Sree1959|Sreekrishnan Narayanan]] ([[Wy/ml]])==== [[Wy/ml]] has been striving hard to ensure its early qualification as a full-fledged Wikivoyage subdomain, and with consistent contributions from multiple users over the past few months following a special drive initiated by the Wikimedians of Kerala group, there has been a surge in the number of articles. Being one of the major contributors, I wish to take the lead in maintaining the quality of the articles that are expected to be in line with the objectives of Wikivoyage for which I need to have access privileges of a test admin. I have gone through the expectations that come with the responsibility and am in full agreement to comply. Thanks in advance. - [[User:Sree1959|Sree1959]] ([[User talk:Sree1959|talk]]) 10:58, 30 June 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} As he is very much active in Malayalam Wikivoyage project. [[User:Adithyak1997|Adithyak1997]] ([[User talk:Adithyak1997|talk]]) 15:25, 1 July 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} The most active editor in Malayalam Wikivoyage. Very active and inspiring others to edit. --[[User:Rangan Datta Wiki|Rangan Datta Wiki]] ([[User talk:Rangan Datta Wiki|talk]]) 14:31, 2 July 2026 (UTC) Done. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:02, 3 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you [[User:Sree1959|Sree1959]] ([[User talk:Sree1959|talk]]) 00:49, 4 July 2026 (UTC) ====[[User:Ranjithsiji|Ranjithsiji]]([[Wy/ml]])==== I am [[m:User:Ranjithsiji|Ranjithsiji]] primary coordinator of [[m:Wikimedians of Kerala/Community/Representatives|Wikimedians of Kerala User Group]]. Wikimedians of Kerala User Group is actively supporting Malayalam Wikivoyage project. I am currently [[m:Event:Wikimedians of Kerala/Malayalam Wikivoyage Meetup|coordinating]] various activities around [[Wy/ml|Malayalam Wikivoyage]]. I am active Bureaucrat in Malayalam Wikipedia. I am the developer of the tool [https://inkpen.toolforge.org Inkpen], which is used to track activities and article quality of Malayalam Wikivoyage. I am doing various technical works like importing templates, Updating homepage of Malayalam Wikivoyage etc. If I get this right then I can do various maintenance tasks and do clean up work in this project. I have enough experience in doing admin related tasks in Malayalam Wikipedia. Thank you for your consideration --[[User:Ranjithsiji|Ranjithsiji]] ([[User talk:Ranjithsiji|talk]]) 14:44, 1 July 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} Trusted and experienced Wikipedian. [[User:Adithyak1997|Adithyak1997]] ([[User talk:Adithyak1997|talk]]) 15:26, 1 July 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} A very trusted and experienced Wikimedian. Long experience in different projects of Wikimedia. --[[User:Rangan Datta Wiki|Rangan Datta Wiki]] ([[User talk:Rangan Datta Wiki|talk]]) 14:33, 2 July 2026 (UTC) Done. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:02, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ====[[User:Majalam|Majalam]]([[Wt/kai]])==== I am requesting test-sysop rights for the karai-karai Wiktionary (Wt/kai) test project to help maintain and monitor the wiki as we work toward hatching the wiki. [[User:Majalam|Majalam]] ([[User talk:Majalam|talk]]) 10:21, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ====[[User:Mirlim|Mirlim]] ([[Wp/mfa]])==== Greetings, this is second request after the first one [[Incubator:Administrators/Archive/Test_adminship_2026#Mirlim_(Wp/mfa)|being archived]]. I have made [https://meta.toolforge.org/catanalysis/index.php?cat=0&title=Wp/mfa&wiki=incubatorwiki 42 edits] for this month as of the time I wrote this request. Your concern about the request would be appreciated. Thanks. {{Unsigned|Mirlim}} === Current requests for bot flags === <!-- Put your request below. new requests at the end, please!--> {{none}} === Other requests === <!-- Put your request below. new requests at the end, please!--> :'''Note: If you want to translate the interface, Translatewiki is the preferred place: [http://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?group=ext-wikimediaincubator here]. For local translations, see [[Incubator:Translation project]]''' 8htexztrew72h2b94kv9m6ft6oh0oex 7240598 7240597 2026-07-06T00:40:09Z ExfactoLexander 2596303 /* User:ExfactoLexander@kix */ 7240598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Incubator:Administrators/top}} <br clear="all" /> {{#switch:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}|sysop|autoconfirmed={{notice|If you see this message box, the page is currently protected.<br />Users who are not currently able to edit this page can provide feedback on candidates for permissions on the [[Incubator talk:Administrators|talk page]].}}|#default=}} === Current requests for adminship === === Current requests for test adminship === {{Shortcut|[[I:RFTA]]|archivelink=I:Administrators/Archive/Test adminship {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} ====[[User:Пан Хаунд 2]] ([[Wy/syl]], [[wb/syl]])==== Hello! I would like to restore my test admin rights to deal with vandalism and delete mistakenly created pages. [[User:Пан Хаунд 2|Пан Хаунд 2]] ([[User talk:Пан Хаунд 2|talk]]) 09:27, 28 May 2026 (UTC) :{{support}}-- [[File:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ.png|75px|link=User:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|]]([[User_talk:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|talk]]) 21:52, 28 June 2026 (UTC) Done. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:00, 3 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you. [[User:Пан Хаунд 2|Пан Хаунд 2]] ([[User talk:Пан Хаунд 2|talk]]) 15:58, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ==== [[User:ExfactoLexander]]@kix ==== I would like to request test-administrator rights on [[Wt/kix|Wikimedia Incubator]] for the Khiamniungan Naga Wiktionary. This will allow me to manage test wiki and help develop the language project as intended. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:ExfactoLexander|ExfactoLexander]] ([[User talk:ExfactoLexander|talk]]) 20:04, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :[[User:ExfactoLexander|ExfactoLexander]]: is your request for Wp/kix or Wt/kix? --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:00, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ::For Wikipedia incubator. We are working for both Wikipedia and Wiktionary. I realized much work is needed on Wikipedia incubator as we move along. So, please do consider if possible. Do check Wp/kix [[User:ExfactoLexander|ExfactoLexander]] ([[User talk:ExfactoLexander|talk]]) 15:15, 3 July 2026 (UTC) :{{support}}---active Contributor [[User:Bshiukhiam|Bshiukhiam]] ([[User talk:Bshiukhiam|talk]]) 00:36, 6 July 2026 (UTC) ====[[User:Sree1959|Sreekrishnan Narayanan]] ([[Wy/ml]])==== [[Wy/ml]] has been striving hard to ensure its early qualification as a full-fledged Wikivoyage subdomain, and with consistent contributions from multiple users over the past few months following a special drive initiated by the Wikimedians of Kerala group, there has been a surge in the number of articles. Being one of the major contributors, I wish to take the lead in maintaining the quality of the articles that are expected to be in line with the objectives of Wikivoyage for which I need to have access privileges of a test admin. I have gone through the expectations that come with the responsibility and am in full agreement to comply. Thanks in advance. - [[User:Sree1959|Sree1959]] ([[User talk:Sree1959|talk]]) 10:58, 30 June 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} As he is very much active in Malayalam Wikivoyage project. [[User:Adithyak1997|Adithyak1997]] ([[User talk:Adithyak1997|talk]]) 15:25, 1 July 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} The most active editor in Malayalam Wikivoyage. Very active and inspiring others to edit. --[[User:Rangan Datta Wiki|Rangan Datta Wiki]] ([[User talk:Rangan Datta Wiki|talk]]) 14:31, 2 July 2026 (UTC) Done. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:02, 3 July 2026 (UTC) :Thank you [[User:Sree1959|Sree1959]] ([[User talk:Sree1959|talk]]) 00:49, 4 July 2026 (UTC) ====[[User:Ranjithsiji|Ranjithsiji]]([[Wy/ml]])==== I am [[m:User:Ranjithsiji|Ranjithsiji]] primary coordinator of [[m:Wikimedians of Kerala/Community/Representatives|Wikimedians of Kerala User Group]]. Wikimedians of Kerala User Group is actively supporting Malayalam Wikivoyage project. I am currently [[m:Event:Wikimedians of Kerala/Malayalam Wikivoyage Meetup|coordinating]] various activities around [[Wy/ml|Malayalam Wikivoyage]]. I am active Bureaucrat in Malayalam Wikipedia. I am the developer of the tool [https://inkpen.toolforge.org Inkpen], which is used to track activities and article quality of Malayalam Wikivoyage. I am doing various technical works like importing templates, Updating homepage of Malayalam Wikivoyage etc. If I get this right then I can do various maintenance tasks and do clean up work in this project. I have enough experience in doing admin related tasks in Malayalam Wikipedia. Thank you for your consideration --[[User:Ranjithsiji|Ranjithsiji]] ([[User talk:Ranjithsiji|talk]]) 14:44, 1 July 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} Trusted and experienced Wikipedian. [[User:Adithyak1997|Adithyak1997]] ([[User talk:Adithyak1997|talk]]) 15:26, 1 July 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} A very trusted and experienced Wikimedian. Long experience in different projects of Wikimedia. --[[User:Rangan Datta Wiki|Rangan Datta Wiki]] ([[User talk:Rangan Datta Wiki|talk]]) 14:33, 2 July 2026 (UTC) Done. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:02, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ====[[User:Majalam|Majalam]]([[Wt/kai]])==== I am requesting test-sysop rights for the karai-karai Wiktionary (Wt/kai) test project to help maintain and monitor the wiki as we work toward hatching the wiki. [[User:Majalam|Majalam]] ([[User talk:Majalam|talk]]) 10:21, 3 July 2026 (UTC) ====[[User:Mirlim|Mirlim]] ([[Wp/mfa]])==== Greetings, this is second request after the first one [[Incubator:Administrators/Archive/Test_adminship_2026#Mirlim_(Wp/mfa)|being archived]]. I have made [https://meta.toolforge.org/catanalysis/index.php?cat=0&title=Wp/mfa&wiki=incubatorwiki 42 edits] for this month as of the time I wrote this request. Your concern about the request would be appreciated. Thanks. {{Unsigned|Mirlim}} === Current requests for bot flags === <!-- Put your request below. new requests at the end, please!--> {{none}} === Other requests === <!-- Put your request below. new requests at the end, please!--> :'''Note: If you want to translate the interface, Translatewiki is the preferred place: [http://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?group=ext-wikimediaincubator here]. For local translations, see [[Incubator:Translation project]]''' 0rx2h5sf0kt6vnrvgfvqtretyud7q4a 0 128094 7240618 7220957 2026-07-06T03:26:22Z CodigoMayaOficial 2606647 Corrección de redacción y ortografía 7240618 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ba'ax Vaquería == [[File:FiestaEspita2005 221.jpg|thumb|Báakerya ]] [[File:Vaqueria en Acanceh, Yucatán 4.jpg|thumb|''Báakerya'' Akankeej ]] Le '''vaqueríao’''' (ich kaastlán; vaquería), u noj óok’otil chu’umpesik cha’an ku beeta’al tu lu’umilo’ob Yuukatan, Quintana Roo yeetel Campeche. Ku be'tal ti tu noj luu'mil yuukatane'. tuux le máako'obo' ku yóok'ot'ob ti' u k'iinilo'ob máank'inal kili'cho'ob ti jejelas kaajo'ob. Le báakerya ''yukatecoo''<nowiki/>' jach k'ajóolta'an ti' u lúulim ''Yuukatáne'<nowiki/>''. U yáax ''origen'' táan u ximbal taak le k'iino'ob ''coloniales'', ka' le meyajilo'ob ti' ''haciendas ganaderas'' ku beetiko'ob ''fiestas'' tu pach u xu'ulsik u meyajo'ob yéetel le wakaxo'ob. Bejla'e', le ''vaqueríao''' ku múuch'kuntik páax ''jarana'', óok'ot, nook'o'ob ''tradicionales'' yéetel jejeláas ''expresiones culturales mayas'' yéetel ''españolas''. Ichil le ''fiestao'', le x-ch'uupo'obo' suuk u yéeyik ''terno'', ka le xiibo'obo' suuk u yéeyik nook' sáas yéetel p'óok. Le ''vaqueríao'' k'a'abet yéetel jach ''importante'' tumen ku kanáantik u ''identidad cultural'' le le lu'um-a'. [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Páax]] [[es:Vaquería yucateca]] rh9yw54qr2ggq41fvl5pts1blygrh06 3 146006 7240600 7233417 2026-07-06T01:35:51Z MediaWiki message delivery 633333 /* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-28 */ new section 7240600 wikitext text/x-wiki [[/Archive|archives]] == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:39, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #682 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-02. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#681]].<br> Help with [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Translations]].''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Wikidata_Translation_Bot|Wikidata Translation Bot]] - task/s: Automate translation of Item Labels and Descriptions across supported languages and submit them using the official Wikidata API. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Mass-editing policy|Mass-editing policy]] * Closed request for comments: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Rename_PeakFinder_ID_(P3770)|Rename PeakFinder ID (P3770)]] - Property was renamed. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Domain_name_as_data|Domain name as data]] - property [[d:Property:P13337|domain name (P13337)]] was created. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group event series on the Wikidata Graph Split project. Our first event will include guests from the Wikidata Search team to discuss the recent graph split project. Join us Tuesday, June 3, 2025 at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST (Time zone converter). Please see our [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/GraphSplit project page] for more information and Zoom links. ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #77 June 9 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Q61752245|Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]] ** Revitalizing UK History #June 7 Time 16:00 UTC [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Revitalizing_UK_History Revitalizing UK History] * Just missed it? ** Wikidata and Sister Projects: [[d:Event:Wikidata_and_Sister_Projects#Sessions|full day videos and presentation slides are being made available on the program page]]. ** [https://wikimedia.es/evento/concurso-coordinate-me-2025-online/ Coordinate Me 2025], the contest to add [[d:Property:P625|geographic coordinates (P625)]] for countries with low representation has ended. Who will be declared winner? ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://osl.hypotheses.org/16774 Wikidata promotes Sister Projects through interwiki links] SLUB Open Science Lab writer Jens Bemme has put together a comprehensive article covering the recent online event and many examples of Wikidata being used. * Papers ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.21693 MAKIEVAL: A Multilingual Automatic Wikidata-based Framework for Cultural Awareness Evaluation for LLMs] By Zhao et al., (2025) - This paper presents MAKIEVAL, a framework for evaluating cultural awareness in LLMs across languages, showing that models exhibit stronger cultural awareness when prompted in English. ** [https://www.arxiv.org/pdf/2505.19971 Conversational Lexicography: Querying Lexicographic Data on Knowledge Graphs with SPARQL through Natural Language] By Sennrich & Ahmadi (2025) - This paper develops a natural language interface for retrieving lexicographic data from Wikidata, creating a taxonomy and dataset, and evaluating language models, with GPT-3.5-Turbo showing the best generalization despite scalability challenges. ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.23461 UAQFact: Evaluating Factual Knowledge Utilization of LLMs on Unanswerable Questions] By Tan et al., (2025) - This paper introduces UAQFact, a bilingual dataset for evaluating LLMs on unanswerable questions, showing that models struggle to fully utilize stored factual knowledge even with external support. * Videos ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=NC6zkOznAeM Listful Thinking:Using Wikidata to support editing workflows] By Dr Thneed ** (French) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sdsPS8Af6YE Using Wikidata to gain visibility on the internet?] By Nelly Darbois ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=BY_2T6yB56Q How to create a SPARQL Query to search Wikidata Item Description] By vlogize ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1j6pHOBRqt0 Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata tutorial for the subject of Virreinal Art] By Luis Alvaz ** [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLduaHBu_3ejPiMknpyQFM43rivJbn33Ff&si=F7kedfs1h48e-xQ7 Wikidata and Sister Projects (YouTube Playlist)] - full daily recordings from the Wikidata and Sister Projects event. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://github.com/brawer/wikidata-qrank Wikidata Qrank] is a ranking signal for Wikidata entities. It gets computed by aggregating page view statistics for Wikipedia, Wikitravel, Wikibooks, Wikispecies and other Wikimedia projects. For example, according to the QRank signal, the fictional character Pippi Longstocking ranks lower than Harry Potter, but still much higher than the obscure Äffle & Pferdle. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://www.should-i-watch-this.com Should I watch this?] - Enter a film title or IMDb ID to get a recommendation, uses data from Wikidata. * Job Openings - want to help shape the future of Wikidata or Wikibase? ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/56640059/Software-Engineer-Wikidata-all-genders-?jobDbPVId=220899039&l=en Software Engineer (Wikidata)] ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/55063868/Staff-Engineer-Wikidata-all-genders-?jobDbPVId=209936577&l=en Staff Engineer (Wikidata)] ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/56244967/UX-Designer-Wikibase-Cloud-all-genders-?jobDbPVId=216209752&l=en UX Designer (Wikibase Cloud)] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P13589|‎reason for no value]] (<nowiki>qualifier property to be used with statements having the object "no value", given to provide a reason for "no value"</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P13593|cosplay of]] (<nowiki>characters that are cosplayed in this image or video</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13590|espn.com soccer team ID]], [[:d:Property:P13591|‎Yale LUX ID]], [[:d:Property:P13592|Židovski biografski leksikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P13594|verkiezingsuitslagen database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13595|Norwegian soldier register 1940 ID]], [[:d:Property:P13596|Polish Music Library PBM ID]], [[:d:Property:P13597|‎MCW-PL article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UK Mutual Registration Number|UK Mutual Registration Number]] (<nowiki>identifier for an organisation in the UK's Mutuals Public Register</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scilit organization ID|Scilit organization ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/paleo.ru person ID|paleo.ru person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Assemblée nationale du Québec non-élu|identifiant Assemblée nationale du Québec non-élu]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ThinkyGames genre ID|ThinkyGames genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letopis of MSU person ID|Letopis of MSU person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MAI person ID|MAI person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/istina.msu.ru journal ID|istina.msu.ru journal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MultimediaWiki page ID|MultimediaWiki page ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Submarine Cable Map ID|Submarine Cable Map ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nederlands Film Festival person ID|Nederlands Film Festival person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CTS URN|CTS URN]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scientific heritage of Russia person ID|Scientific heritage of Russia person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Virtual necropolis of Ukrainian emigration person ID|Virtual necropolis of Ukrainian emigration person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Russian Cycling Federation person ID|Russian Cycling Federation person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Memories of the Gulag and Their Authors person ID|The Memories of the Gulag and Their Authors person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yandex Books author ID|Yandex Books author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Theatre museums of Russia person ID|Theatre museums of Russia person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Reabilitovani istoriyeyu person ID|Reabilitovani istoriyeyu person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CARLA ID|CARLA ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Boosty author ID|Boosty author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/ELXS All lexemes in Minangkabau (sorted chronologically by their entry time)] ** [https://w.wiki/EMbF Film Directors who are still alive] * Schema examples: ** * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Status_updates/Next WikiProject WordNet] * WikiProject Highlights: ** * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]:[[Wikidata:Database reports/Most linked category items|list of the most linked category page items]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]:[[d:Q18407657| Captain America: Civil War (Q18407657)]] - 22016 film by Anthony and Joe Russo * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1250690|(L1250690) spegnere (L1250690)]] - Italian verb "switch off" or "to die" ''' Development ''' * Vector 2022 skin: We enabled dark mode for Items, Properties and Lexemes on Wikidata ([[phab:T389330]]) * Mobile statement editing: We are continuing with the technical investigation. * Diffs: We merged a volunteer patch by Matěj Suchánek to format quantity diffs a bit more sensibly ([[phab:T394585]]) * Search in the UI: We enabled the new search on https://test.wikidata.org and https://wikidata.beta.wmflabs.org. It lets you easily search in other entity types as well now, not just Items. Please give it a try. * Wikibase REST API: We are continuing the work on integrating simple search, specifically phrase matching ([[phab:T389011]]) * Query Service: We are working on an experiment to add a small dialog to inform people about alternative access methods for very simple queries that don't require SPARQL ([[phab:T391261]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:16, 2 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28806202 --> == Tech News: 2025-23 == <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:51, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:33, 9 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-24 == <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:13, 10 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue V, May 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Enhancing the LGBTQ+ content in Albanian Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Video resource on Wikimedia Brasil and Casa de Oswaldo Cruz Partnership Released * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: SPRINGing back activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library of the CR events and important guests * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Europe report|Europe report]]: DARIAH DHwiki WG coming activity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM project starts with Nanda Talukdar Foundation at Jorhat, Assam * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Wiki Month 2025 in Indonesia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From charts to concrete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Traditional Albanian Food Photography Competition 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update from Auckland Museum; Let the Wikifying Commence; Listful Thinking * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Architectural Folklore Campaign Series * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Celebrating Museums and strengthening #1Lib1Ref connections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Some news from Spain * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Museum Day 2025; CoCreation PTT-Archive; Scoring Girls * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: The 18th language * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring GLAM news from Ukraine – first major survey for GLAM institutions & yet another successful #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: May meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Preparing the data upload * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:00, 10 June 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28809506 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #683 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-10. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#682]].<br> Help with [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Translations]].''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Coinhote|Coinhoe]] - RfP scheduled to end after 10 June 2025 23:49 (UTC) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: New Linked Data for Libraries [[d:Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group event series on the Wikidata Graph Split project. Our second event will be a conversation with Daniel Mietchen and Lane Rasberry about [https://scholia.toolforge.org/ Scholia], the Wikidata frontend which generates and presents scholarly profiles based on WikiCite content. They'll speak to Scholia's current state and roadmap, with consideration for the recent Wikidata graph split. Tuesday, June 10, 2025 at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST. More info and Zoom links: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/GraphSplit|project page]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://github.com/trokhymovych/wikidata-vandalism-detection Graph-Linguistic Fusion: Using Language Models for Wikidata Vandalism Detection]: resources to reproduce training and evaluation procedure for the paper Graph-Linguistic Fusion: Using Language Models for Wikidata Vandalism Detection ** [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EyInxNXvz3rmmlTeYOKg6Sr5EKG--4mzBXlaz_HhYRY/edit?usp=sharing Cataloguing guidelines for representing the Memory of the World International Register on Wikidata] Google Doc to shape the process of a coming data upload: comments are open. ** [https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/GLAM/Newsletter/May_2025/Contents/Memory_of_the_World_report GLAM:Memory of the World Report:] Hannah Drummen at UNESCO, alongside data expert Martin, has completed a structured dataset of 496 International Register items, ready for bulk upload to Wikidata in June, with an aim to enhance accessibility and define best practices for future updates. ** [[d:outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May_2025/Contents/Biodiversity_Heritage_Library_report|Wikidata QID updates to BHL catalogue]]: The BHL Lead Developer, Mike Lichtenberg, is ensuring periodic Wikidata Qid refreshes in the BHL Catalogue, with the working group advising a downloadable post-refresh report for OpenRefine integration, to be sent to the BHL Metacat group for reconciliation by Siobhan or other Wikidata editors. ** [[d:outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May_2025/Contents/Indonesia_report GLAM Wiki|Wikidata training & Datathon in Indonesia]]: Wikimedia Indonesia hosts WikiLatih Wikidata training to enhance skills in editing Indonesian cultural heritage data on Wikidata, while Datathon challenges participants to make the most edits on museum-related topics in Indonesia. * Papers ** [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40481658/ Wikidata for Botanists: Benefits of collaborating and sharing Linked Open Data] By von Mering et al., (2025) - This paper explores Wikidata as a multilingual open knowledge base for botany, highlighting its role in connecting botanical information across sources, and calling on the botanical community to enhance its content. ** [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-05200-8 CS-KG 2.0: A Large-scale Knowledge Graph of Computer Science] By Dessí et al., (2025) - This paper introduces CS-KG 2.0, an advanced AI-powered knowledge graph built from 15 million research papers, designed to enhance scientific exploration by structuring and interconnecting vast amounts of computer science literature. * Videos ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHhvcvvFPsA Using the Wiki List tool] - GoogleSheet with formulae for retrieving Wikidata values and writing QuickStatements commands. ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0eGNxqvW89M Introduction to Wikidata] By Robin Isadora Brown and Lane Rasberry ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ijwiYthh6CY Wikidata Editing] By Kusaal Wikipedia Community ** (Portuguese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=UWuRQstMm8E Federating academic SPARQL searches in Wikidata] By Tiago Lubiana ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://phonemes.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Phonemes] This is the web application developed specifically for Wikidata IOLab. In here you can add phonemes to a whole bunch of languages, basing your work on the work that the brazilian students of their national olympiad did while editing Wikipedia. * [https://www.should-i-watch-this.com/Mission%20Imposible/2018 Should I watch this?] is a tool that helps users decide whether a movie or show is worth watching. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' * Newest General datatypes **[[:d:Property:P13598|Guizzi's classification of musical instruments]] (<nowiki>Guizzi's classification system of musical instruments</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13602|single taken from the album]] (<nowiki>indicates the album from which the item is taken</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13599|‎GameSpot platform ID]], [[:d:Property:P13600|‎OberpfalzWiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P13601|‎Private Enterprise Number]], [[:d:Property:P13603|TNT Sports soccer team ID]], [[:d:Property:P13604|‎Fondazione Ragghianti Fototeca image ID]], [[:d:Property:P13605|ROAR ID]], [[:d:Property:P13606|‎15min.lt theme ID]], [[:d:Property:P13607|FMJD person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13608|NAQ non-elected person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13609|paleo.ru person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13610|‎Sierra Wiki article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New External identifier property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biblioteca Pública|Biblioteca Pública]] (<nowiki><nowiki>{{TranslateThis</nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Libretexts ID|Libretexts ID]] (<nowiki>the world's largest collection of free OER textbooks online</nowiki>) * External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Évêques suisses|identifiant Évêques suisses]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia Galega Universal ID|Enciclopedia Galega Universal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database|Deaf Movie Database]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Affiliated Dissemination of Literacy among Georgians ID|Biographical Dictionary of Affiliated Dissemination of Literacy among Georgians ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Physicians of Georgia ID|Biographical Dictionary of Physicians of Georgia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Athletes of Georgia ID|Biographical Dictionary of Athletes of Georgia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Winemakers of Georgia ID|Biographical Dictionary of Winemakers of Georgia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/matricule number|matricule number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/inn|inn]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Debian Wiki article|Debian Wiki article]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Desura game ID (archived)|Desura game ID (archived)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diccionario de catedráticos españoles de derecho ID|Diccionario de catedráticos españoles de derecho ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/QUDT dimension ID|QUDT dimension ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/ERgB Wikisource transcriptions of texts on the Memory of the World International Register], ([[d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/memory_of_the_world#Wikisource_transcriptions_of_individual_texts|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/4cn2 Bills and coins of Brazilian Real (with pictures)] * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProject]] highlights: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Names/be-tarask Names/Belarusian] - This WikiProject aims to add structured and linguistic data to Wikidata to enable the study of people's names across all time periods, regions, and languages. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q5901134|Ant-Man (Q5901134)]] - 2015 film directed by Peyton Reed ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We are doing initial development focusing on technical investigations and basic UI elements ([[phab:T394292]], [[phab:T394886]]) * Lexemes: We are looking into a rare error when trying to do undo certain Lexeme edits ([[phab:T392372]]) * Watchlist/Recent changes on Wikipedia: We continued working on showing labels instead of IDs in the edit summaries of Wikidata changes that are shown in the watchlist and recent changes of Wikipedia and co ([[phab:T388685]]) * Wikibase REST API: Finishing touches on simple search ([[phab:T383126]]) * Query Service UI: Added experimental popup to point people running very simple queries to other available access methods ([[phab:T391264]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 10 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28846270 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Future self]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #684 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-16. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#683]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/african-wikimedians@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7ZEIMLZEQXFLSXPT2N6FROB2TCMMKVVW/ GLAM Wiki Conference 2025] - Program Call-for-Proposals: Deadline 15 June. ** [[d:Q134950534|COSCUP 2025 (Q134950534)]] [[m:Wikimedia Taiwan/Wikidata Taiwan/COSCUP 2025|Open Street Map x Wikidata Track]] - [[d:Q699543|National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Q699543)]] 9 August - 10 August. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://professional.wiki/en/news/wikibase-faceted-search-released Wikibase Faceted Search Released] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxKWpTQBrqk demo video]) ** [https://github.com/watmildon/DecomissionedAircraftMap DecomissionedAircraftMap] (see tool below) - The Decommissioned Aircraft Map project uses Wikidata to enhance its mapping of historic aircraft by pulling images from linked Wikidata entries. Users can contribute by adding or correcting Wikidata tags on OpenStreetMap, ensuring accurate representation of aircraft locations and visuals. By Watmildon. * Videos: [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=aDVeeym9Dpg Querying Wikidata using tools such as QuickStatements and Petscan] - Wikimedia Community User Group Uganda ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://dataviz.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Visualization]: a visualization tool for Wikidata SPARQL queries * [https://overpass-ultra.us/#map&query=url:https://raw.githubusercontent.com/watmildon/DecomissionedAircraftMap/refs/heads/main/AircraftMap.ultra&m=0.87/0/0 DecomissionedAircraftMap] (as a demonstration of the power of OpenStreetMap into Wikidata): pulls geodata for displayed aircraft from OpenStreetMap and generates thumbnails from linked Wikidata entries. * [http://tiago.bio.br/query-split-tester Query split tester] (Beta): webtool to see the impact on the graph split on your SPARQL query. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Nominations for the [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tools Award]] 2025 are open. Nominate your favorite tool! Nominations are due by the 25th of this month already. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' * Newest General datatypes **[[:d:Property:P13612|‎breed belongs to taxon]] (<nowiki>taxon to which members of this breed (or these breeds) belong</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13611|CARLA ID]], [[:d:Property:P13613|Enciclopedia Galega Universal ID]], [[:d:Property:P13614|ThinkyGames genre ID]] * New External identifier property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/worn on|worn on]] (<nowiki>part of the body where an item of clothing, equipment, or jewelry is worn</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/rewards this type of work|rewards this type of work]] (<nowiki>kind of work for which an award is given</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/sign meaning|sign meaning]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/trailer of|trailer of]] (<nowiki>works that this trailer video represents</nowiki>) * External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Facebook image ID|Facebook image ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DE-BIAS ID|DE-BIAS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Author identifier in FragTrag|Author identifier in FragTrag]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Niedersächsische Personen-ID|Niedersächsische Personen-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FBref match ID|FBref match ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FBref competition ID|FBref competition ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/EKb5 A visual representation of the birthplaces and death places of women medical doctors who qualified in the UK between 1877 and 1914.] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Place_of_birth_to_Place_of_Death_-_arrow_indicator?|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/6RiP Distinct languages of Wikidata Lexemes] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_PCC_EMCO_Wikidata_CoP|EMCO Wikidata CoP]] - EMCO promotes the discovery and use of the world’s knowledge by supporting metadata producers in library and other cultural heritage communities. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q50008|The Times (Q50008)]] - British daily national newspaper based in London * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3348|right (L3348)]] - English adjective (rīt) meaning "opposite of left", "correct/just", or "politically conservative" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing: ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GX3FR7E6ASLEOP7LLKXTYCJ6O34QX3QJ/ Share your feedback on the new prototype that brings statement editing on Items to mobile]. ** We continued base work for making editing statements on mobile possible. * Simple search is now available in the Wikibase REST API! You can find information and leave feedback [[d:Wikidata talk:REST API feedback round|here]]. * Lexemes: We’re working on a WikibaseLexeme error that happens when trying to revert the deletion of a form that was already undeleted ([[phab:T392372]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:28, 16 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28856554 --> == Tech News: 2025-25 == <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:35, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Growth News #34 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Growth team logo - Icon only.svg|right|frameless|class=skin-invert]] ''A quarterly update from the Growth team on our work to improve the new editor experience.'' === Mentoring new editors === In February, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Mentorship 2|Mentorship]] was successfully rolled out to 100% of newcomers on English Wikipedia. Following this milestone, we collaborated with Spanish Wikipedia to expand Mentorship coverage to 70% of new accounts, with plans to reach 85% soon unless concerns are raised by mentors. ([[phab:T394867|T394867]]) === “Add a Link” Task – Iteration and Experimentation === Our efforts to improve and scale the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link|“Add a Link” structured task]] continued across multiple fronts: * '''Community Feedback & Model Improvements''': We’ve responded to community concerns with targeted changes: ** Restricting access to newer accounts ([[phab:T393688|T393688]]) ** Some links types were removed to align with recommendations written in the English Wikipedia Manual of Style ([[phab:T390683|T390683]]) ** Allowing communities to limit “Add a Link” to newcomers ([[phab:T393771|T393771]]) ** The model used to suggest the links was improved to ease its training ([[phab:T388258|T388258]]) * '''English Wikipedia rollout and A/B test''': We increased the rollout to 20% of newcomers, with analysis underway. Preliminary data suggests this feature makes new account holders more likely to complete an unreverted edit. ([[phab:T386029|T386029]], [[phab:T382603|T382603]]) * '''Surfacing Structured Tasks''': An experiment where we show “add a link” suggestions to newly registered users while they are reading an article is running on pilot wikis (French, Persian, Indonesian, Portuguese, Egyptian Arabic). Initial results are under analysis. ([[phab:T386029|T386029]]) === Newcomer Engagement Features === * '''“Get Started” notification''': Engineering is in progress for a new notification (Echo/email) to encourage editing among newcomers with zero edits. Early research shows this type of nudge is effective. ([[phab:T392256|T392256]]) * '''Confirmation email:''' We are exploring ways to simplify and improve the initial account confirmation email newly registered users receive. ([[phab:T215665|T215665]]) === Community Configuration Enhancements === Communities can now manage which namespaces are eligible for Event Registration via [[mw:Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. ([[phab:T385341|T385341]]) === Annual Planning === The Wikimedia Foundation’s 2025–2026 Annual Plan is taking shape. The Growth and Editing teams will focus on the [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2025-2026/Product_&_Technology_OKRs#Contributor_Experiences_(WE1)|'''Contributor Experiences (WE1)''' objective]], with a focus on increasing '''constructive edits''' by editors with fewer than 100 cumulative contributions. === Get Involved === We value your insights and ideas! If you would like to participate in a discussion, share feedback, or pilot new features, please reach out on the relevant Phabricator tasks or [[mw:Talk:Growth|at our talk page]], in any language. ''<small>'''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth team's newsletter]]''' prepared by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|the Growth team]] and posted by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[mw:Talk:Growth|Give feedback]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Growth team updates|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].</small>'' </div> 18:51, 17 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Growth_team_updates&oldid=28750629 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:18, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #685 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-23. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#684]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * Join us for the third [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] event on the Wikidata Graph Split project, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750780800 Tuesday, June 24 at 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST]. We’ll share updates on the Query Service, tools, and SPARQL learning resources. Stanford researchers Shicheng Liu and Sina Jandaghi Semnani will present their Spinach Wikidata Agent, which translates complex questions into SPARQL queries [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/GraphSplit|Project page]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Presentations ** [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15690771 Slides of the panel] ''MediaWiki-based tools and services in Digital Humanities workflows'', part of the DARIAH-EU Annual Event 2025 in Göttingen: (the panel was about Wikibase instances, including Wikidata) * Blogs ** [https://stefan.bloggt.es/2025/06/wer-war-wie-oft-bei-lanz-schoener-leben-mit-linked-data/ Who appeared how often on Lanz?] (in German) ** [https://techinformed.com/wikidata-leader-on-open-data-in-age-of-ai/ Wikidata’s Lydia Pintscher on importance of open data in the age of AI] * Papers ** [https://www.psypost.org/scientists-uncover-surprisingly-consistent-pattern-of-scholarly-curiosity-throughout-history/ Scientists uncover surprisingly consistent pattern of scholarly curiosity throughout history] ** [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 ''The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality''] by [[User:Ambrosia10|Ambrosia10]] and colleagues used Wikidata to publicly curate the information. * Videos ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=j8hxYuqCVm4 Holy wells and OpenData - a talk about Wikidata et al.] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ek629n_-2v4&pp=0gcJCfwAo7VqN5tD Wikidata Graph Split - Writing an FAQ] - By Tiago Lubiana ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=mI9KmLI_NNA Taller introducción a Wikidata - Erika Guetti Suca] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2177TktBLok Wikidata Lab XLV: Quick Statements 3.0 - Part II] By Wikimedia Brasil ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=W74pw00i4IQ ¿Qué es Wikidata y cómo se edita?] By Wikimedia Colombia ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://femiber.upf.edu/ FEMIber]: a digital humanities tool that uses structured data aligned with Wikidata principles to document and analyze how women are represented in medieval Iberian chronicles. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13615|The Memories of the Gulag and Their Authors person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13616|Debian Wiki article]], [[:d:Property:P13617|UK Parliament bill ID]], [[:d:Property:P13618|CPJ topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13619|Desura game ID (archived)]], [[:d:Property:P13620|Diccionario de catedráticos españoles de derecho ID]], [[:d:Property:P13621|Swiss Bishops ID]], [[:d:Property:P13622|KNDB person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13623|MAI person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13624|necropolis.uinp.gov.ua person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/état|état]] (<nowiki>state of the matrix while printing</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Russian Federal Tax Service ID|Russian Federal Tax Service ID]] (<nowiki>identifier of Russian Tax Service for people or organization</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/donation URL|donation URL]] (<nowiki>official URL for making donations to the subject</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ukrainian Memorial person ID|Ukrainian Memorial person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Memorial Platform person ID|Memorial Platform person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Klimadashboard.de region ID|Klimadashboard.de region ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Taiwan Central News Agency News topic id|Taiwan Central News Agency News topic id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant HAL d'une collection|identifiant HAL d'une collection]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CoreTennis.net player ID|CoreTennis.net player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant sujet du dictionnaire biographique du Canada|identifiant sujet du dictionnaire biographique du Canada]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AMNH entity ID|AMNH entity ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/nasljerseys.com player ID|nasljerseys.com player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Portal Decentralization hromada ID|Portal Decentralization hromada ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Portal of united hromadas of Ukraine hromada ID|Portal of united hromadas of Ukraine hromada ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archive of Our Own story ID|Archive of Our Own story ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/rada.info council ID|rada.info council ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/International Tennis Federation player ID|International Tennis Federation player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Confederation of African Tennis player ID|Confederation of African Tennis player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artvee artwork ID|Artvee artwork ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/EKb5 Place of birth to Place of Death - arrow indicator] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Request_a_query source]) ** [https://w.wiki/tZJ Map with place of birth and years of cartographers] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Place_of_birth_to_Place_of_Death_-_arrow_indicator?|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Personal_Collections WikiProject Personal Collections] - The WikiProject Personal Collections aims to develop standardized terms, multilingual ontologies, and best practices for consistently describing personal collections and archives on Wikidata. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q484365|David Duchovny (Q484365)]] - American actor and writer * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L183915|газ (L183915)]] - Russian noun (ɡas) meaning "gas (physical state)", "natural gas", or "accelerator pedal" ''' Development ''' * Query Service: It is now possible to download query results in Wikidata Query Service that include coordinates as GeoJSON (KML & GPX should also be available soon). Thanks to Atom.oil.2 for the patch. ([[phab:T216601]]) * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: We are continuing the work on improving how Wikidata changes show up in watchlist and recent changes, specifically showing labels instead of IDs in the future. ([[phab:T388685]]) * Search: We enabled the new search box that makes it easier to search in Properties, Lexemes and EntitySchemas as well. We are working on minor fixes based on feedback. * Mobile statement editing: We are working on showing the first statements in the new way - mostly tech demo and nothing to see yet ([[phab:T394886]]) * Federation: We are looking into measuring and better understanding queries that use SPARQL federation. * REST API: We continued working on prefix search for Items in the API ([[phab:T388209]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Norway|Norway]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Current issue]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:11, 23 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28856554 --> == Tech News: 2025-26 == <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:17, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == ''The Signpost'': 24 June 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/News and notes|Happy 7 millionth!]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/In the media|Playing professor pong with prosecutorial discretion]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Disinformation report|Pardon me, Mr. President, have you seen my socks?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Recent research|Wikipedia's political bias; "Ethical" LLMs accede to copyright owners' demands but ignore those of Wikipedians]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Traffic report|All Sinners, a future, all Saints, a past]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/News from Diff|Call for candidates is now open: Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Opinion|Russian Wiki-fork flails, failing readers and editors]] * Debriefing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Debriefing|EggRoll97's RfA² debriefing]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Community view|A Deep Dive Into Wikimedia (part 3)]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Comix|Hamburgers]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 02:31, 24 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=28849846 --> == This Month in Education: June 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 6 • June 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague|Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program|Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota|Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT|Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children|PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College|Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June|Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival|Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 07:19, 27 June 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28903832 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #686 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-30. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#685]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** 8-11 September: [https://openrefine.org/blog/2025/06/10/OpenRefine-2025-Barcamp OpenRefine Barcamp] - fully virtual, registrations and call for sessions are open ** [[d:Event:WikidataCon_2025|WikidataCon 2025]] returns this year on the theme of Connecting People through Linked Open Data...on the links below you can *** [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|Register to the event]] to get updates and news *** Submit now, the [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp Call for Proposals is open!] ** [https://www.hsozkult.de/event/id/event-155988 Wikidata for Jewish Studies], a hands-on Wikidata workshop at the Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz from September 8-9, 2025. (Registration by July 18) ** [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Drop_in_and_Wikidata_-_June_2025 Drop in and Wikidata] - This regular online meeting has moved to the last Thursday of every month. [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/88415120219 Join via Zoom] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/28/visualizing-knowledge-how-indonesians-turn-wikidata-into-stories-that-matter/ Visualizing Knowledge] - how Indonesians turn Wikidata into stories that matter. This article details the efforts and winners of a WM Indonesia organised 30-day competition to create cool visualizations powered through Wikidata. ** [https://www.lpi.org/blog/2025/06/25/openrefine-data-workflow-via-open-source-collaboration/ OpenRefine: Data workflow via open source collaboration] - the Linux Professional Institute interview the project manager of OR, Martin Magdinier, on the journey developing this data manipulation tool. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Jon_Harald_S%C3%B8by/senseItemLabel.js User:Jon Harald Søby/senseItemLabel.js] What it does is that when you add a P5137 statement in a lexeme, it will let you add the lemma as a label to the item in one click, if the item doesn't have a label in that language yet, or if the label is different (very useful for case differences, for instance) ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course Wikidata Ontology Course] has finished its course sessions. The slides for all sessions of the course are available on the course page. Part of participating in the course was to set up a project related to the Wikidata Ontology. Current information on the projects, many of which are continuing after the end of the course is now [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course#Projects available]. If you are interested in one or more of the projects please follow the project, add something to its discussion page, or contribute to it. * [https://wissenschaftlichestellenangebote.com/phd-position-in-history,i18518.html PhD Position in Digital History] at the University of Luxembourg is seeking someone with experience in Wikibase and Linked Open Data. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: none <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/defining Prolog formula|defining Prolog formula]] (<nowiki>Prolog rule expressing the intended logical behavior of a property, for use in ontology formalization and rule-based reasoning.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China|Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China]] (<nowiki>identifier for administrative divisions of People's Republic of China, published by Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ENTSO-E resource type|ENTSO-E resource type]] (<nowiki>ENTSO-E code for type of Power System Resource. Alias: PSR type, electrical aset type</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Film Atlas ID|Film Atlas ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FLBB player ID|FLBB player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MarathonView person ID|MarathonView person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/EYkW UNESCO Memory of the World International Register (now complete up to 2023)] ([[d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/memory_of_the_world|source]]) **[https://w.wiki/EZ9o Largest collections on the MoW International Register] ** [https://w.wiki/EcAw Featured and Good Articles in Korean or Chinese Wikipedia, with no English version] - [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Articles_that_are_GA_or_FA_on_zh_or_ko_wiki_but_not_on_en|source]] ** [https://w.wiki/EcAy Ugandan Female Footballers] - [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Query_on_Ugandan_female_Footballers|source]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Personal_Collections WikiProject Personal Collections] - The WikiProject Personal Collections aims to develop structured, multilingual standards and best practices for describing personal collections and archives on Wikidata. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q170599|Arctic Monkeys (Q170599)]] - English rock band * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L713097|ਸਿਫ਼ਤ (L713097)]] - Punjabi noun (si-fat) meaning "praise/glorification", "virtue", or "attribute" ''' Development ''' * Wikibase REST API: We continued working on Item prefix search ([[phab:T388209]]) and started working on stemming support ([[phab:T397605]]) * Integration in Wikipedia and co: The improved edit summaries are now live on the first wikis (ca, uk, he). We are now showing the labels for linked entities instead of just their IDs ([[phab:T388685]]) * Mobile statement editing: We are continuing working on the basics of showing statements in the new way - nothing useful to see yet ([[phab:T394886]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/New Zealand|New Zealand]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[:d:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:57, 30 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28906317 --> == Tech News: 2025-27 == <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:10, 7 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #687 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-067-07. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#686]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Bovlbbot|Bovlbbot]] - Task(s): this bot request asks for admin access (or access to deleted revisions if possible) so it can move the updater task for User:Bovlb/wd-deleted. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Andrebot_3|Andrebot 3]] - Task(s): Fill in historic countries for the settlements, communes, towns and cities of Romania. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! Mark your calendars for our final session of our event series on the Wikidata graph split project and SPARQL skills! We will be diving into the mechanics of federated SPARQL queries and look forward to a hands-on and interactive session exploring how to use the scholarly article query service. Join us Tuesday, July 8th at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST (Time zone converter https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1751990400). Please see our [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/GraphSplit project page] for more information and Zoom links. ** Hackathon announced for Wikimania 2025, Nairobi. Call for Projects is now open! Includes a ''newcomer track'' for first-time participants. Add yourself to the ''[https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2025:Hackathon/Participants_List participants list]'' or see the ''[https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2025:Hackathon/Resources resources page]'' for further event info. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Press ** [https://www.theregister.com/2025/07/04/wikidata_foss_democracy Wikidata: Attempting to bridge FOSS ideals and direct democracy] - by ''The Register'', this article highlights examples of Wikidata serving and powering a growing ecosystem of FOSS projects, outside of Wikipedia. ** (Italian) [https://en.pusc.it/article/wikilib-bibliotecari-romani-e-vaticani WikiLib: Roman+Vatican Librarians compared on Wikidata] - * Blogs ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/13/preserving-indonesian-galleries-libraries-archives-and-museums-glam-assets-through-wikidata-in-glam-wiki-month/ Preserving Indonesian GLAM Assets in Wikidata] - This article documents how Indonesian users collaborated in preserving Indonesian GLAM assets by adding its metadata to Wikidata during [[m:Wikimedia Indonesia/Bulan Wiki GLAM 2025|2025 GLAM Wiki Month]] organized by Wikimedia Indonesia. * Papers ** [[:d:Q135216852|''Linking Challenges for Pseudonyms: The Studies of VIAF, ISNI, Wikidata, Meridian, and Beyond'']] by Charlene Chou * Thesis ** [[:d:Q135208119|The ''Dictionary of Italian contemporary pseudonym writers'' in Wikidata. Methodology and results]]: MA thesis (discussed on 29 May) regarding the systematic addition in Wikidata of all the nearly 500 Italian writers described in a [[:d:Q130597718|biographical dictionary]], with a first introductory part, a second part describing the editing methodology, including the [[:d:Q118455746|authority work]] done both in Wikidata and in some major authority files ([[:d:Property:P396|SBN]], [[:d:Property:P227|GND]], [[:d:Property:P269|IDREF]]) to disambiguate the main homonyms, and a third part analysing through SPARQL queries the data about these writers *** full thesis (in Italian) published in the [https://etd.adm.unipi.it/theses/available/etd-05132025-160428/ University of Pisa thesis repository]; work materials available in the [[:d:User:SaraDeMonaco/Tesi magistrale|Wikidata usersubpage]] of [[:d:User:SaraDeMonaco|Sara De Monaco]]; slides (in Italian) used in the discussion available in [[:commons:File:Presentazione Tesi Magistrale - De Monaco.pdf|Wikimedia Commons]]; related datasets available in [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15474928 Zenodo] * Videos ** (mostly Italian, with some parts in English) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QdTYnBPEn4 ''Wikidata & Research'' International Conference] (video of 5 June session) - held at the University of Florence 5-6 June 2025, the conference touched on role of Wikidata in academic research (cf. [[m:Wikidata_and_research|Wikidata and research]]]), building on past initiatives such as [[:d:Wikidata:Events/Wikidata Days Bologna 2024|Wikidata Days Bologna 2024]]. ** (Portuguese) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2f3jg8LiFs How to add Wikidata-powered Infoboxes to Wikipedia] - a short tutorial video from the University of São Paolo Institute of Mathematics and Statistics. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [[d:User:Kod_B/ArchiveExternaLinks.js|User:Kod B - ArchiveExternaLinks.js]] This script automatically archives external links found in the statements of Wikidata items, in order to improve source durability and reduce the risk of broken links (link rot), similar to what already exists on Wikipedia. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * What belongs where in the Wikibase Ecosystem? There is ongoing research to better understand what people are currently thinking about this and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/BUMGCMKFFNMJQVZXD4K6Z23LLBHAHCCT/ you can take part by sorting some scenarios]. * How to properly cite a Newspaper article? [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#What's_the_right_way_to_cite_a_newspaper_article?|Project Chat discussion]]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13625|QUDT dimension ID]], [[:d:Property:P13626|istina.msu.ru journal ID]], [[:d:Property:P13627|Niedersächsische Personen ID]], [[:d:Property:P13628|Submarine Cable Map ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MediaWiki page revision ID|MediaWiki page revision ID]] (<nowiki>ID for a MediaWiki wiki revision, Wikimedia projects should use {{P|7569}}</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/applies if VIN matches regular expression|applies if VIN matches regular expression]] (<nowiki>this statement is only true if the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) of a vehicle matches this regular expression</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cadastral areas|Cadastral areas]] (<nowiki>List of cadastral areas of municipality</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/settlement classification|settlement classification]] (<nowiki>settlement classification</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Modern Shrine Ranking|Modern Shrine Ranking]] (<nowiki>Rank in the [[Q712534|Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines]]</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Divine Rank|Divine Rank]] (<nowiki>The [[Q11591025|Shinkai (divine rank)]] of a Shrine</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Engishiki celebration category|Engishiki celebration category]] (<nowiki>Celebration category mentioned in the engishiki</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Engishiki Rank|Engishiki Rank]] (<nowiki>Rank of a shrine in the Engishiki Jinmyocho.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Honji Buddha|Honji Buddha]] (<nowiki>Buddha that this kami is identified with</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Suijaku Kami|Suijaku Kami]] (<nowiki>Kami that this Buddha is believed to have manifested as</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Generation MSX d'une société ou d'un groupe de démo|identifiant Generation MSX d'une société ou d'un groupe de démo]] (<nowiki>company or demo group identifier in the Generation MSX database of MSX videogames</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Knowledge Graph for Irish History ID|Knowledge Graph for Irish History ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Library of Uruguay book ID|National Library of Uruguay book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kokugakuin University Shrine Database ID|Kokugakuin University Shrine Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Observer tag|Observer tag]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Observer contributor ID|Observer contributor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Geoguessr ID|Geoguessr ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/EcBz Uganda's hydropower plants] ([https://x.com/kateregga1/status/1939789382099071298 source]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]] [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Postcards|Postcards]] was created, including a list of project-specific [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Postcards/Queries|Queries]] * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Type_watchlist|GovDirectory]] added a Type watchlist. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Taiwan/GLAM/Library_List|WikiProject Taiwan]] added a Library List. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Abuse_filter_effectiveness|Abuse Filter effectiveness]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q2740012|Stefan Löfven (Q2740012)]] - Swedish politician, Prime Minister of Sweden between 2014–2021 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L453737|sterk (L453737)]] - Norwegian Bokmål adjective (stæʁk) meaning "strong", "intense", or "durable" ''' Development ''' * Wikibase REST API: We finished the Item prefix search ([[phab:T388209]]). It'll go live later when we are also done with the Property prefix search. * Search: We are fixing a bug when pasting into the new search box ([[phab:T397608]]) * Mobile statement editing: We are working on basic viewing of statements ([[phab:T394886]]) - nothing useful to see yet * Dumps: There was an issue with the last dumps not being generated. The Data Platform SRE team is looking into it ([[phab:T398756]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Austria|Austria]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[:d:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:43, 7 July 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28906317 --> == Tech News: 2025-28 == <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:01, 8 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VI, June 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating Communication History and Women Artists through Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day in Europe 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Expanding Data on Maranhão's Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: First call of Science Month at Wikipedia in the Czech Republic wrapped-up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/France report|France report]]: WiR and science&GLAM tour in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Another publication from Grant for GLAM Indonesia program & Minangkabau Wikisource Competition upadates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Isoseismals & Icons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Celebrating Albanian Cuisine Through Photography: Winners of the 2025 Contest Announced! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Open Cultural Data Hackathon in Puebla * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikifying the International Congress of History of Science and Technology; Librarians and Wikipedia; NZ species edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Mapping Heritage Buildings on Wikidata and Wiki Heritage Fellowship * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Strengthens Ties with Academic Institutions: A Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Institute of Macedonian Literature * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Registration is now open for GLAM WikiCon 2025! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: June highlights from Wikimedia Serbia and beginning of new accredited seminar * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Archives Week 2025; SAPA Performing Arts; GLAM Meeting Biel/Bienne * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New Featured Pictures * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: June meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL Transition update, LivingData2025 and Women Genera paper * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Data upload achieved * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Wiki Knowledge Park report|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 report]]: Celebrating Heritage and Faith: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:35, 12 July 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28966332 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> ---[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:44, 14 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28945528 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #688 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-07-14. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#687]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for Oversight permissions: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Oversight/Jianhui67|Jianhui67]] (RfP scheduled to end at 27 July 2025 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753623000 13:28 UTC]) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1752681600 16:00 UTC], 16th July 2025 (18:00 Berlin time) in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[m:WikiIndaba_conference_2025/Submissions|Submit Your Program Proposal for WikiIndaba 2025 by 20th July]]. Apply for a scholarship to attend the event [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform here]. ** Wikimania 2025 Hackathon kicks off on Tuesday, 5 August and a dedicated workspace will be available throughout the conference until Saturday, 9 August. Have a technical idea, tool, or project you want to build during the hackathon? Submit it now and start connecting with collaborators! Add your project [[m:https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2025:Hackathon/Project_Submissions|here]]. ** WikiCite 2025 will take place from Friday 29th to Sunday 31st of August! in Bern (Switzerland) and online! See the draft program [[m:WikiCite 2025/Programme|here]]. ** [[:d:Q134520038|2025 LD4 Conference: Linked Data in the Real World]] ([https://sites.google.com/view/2025-ld4-conference/home website]; [https://2025ld4.sched.com/list/simple schedule and registration]; [https://www.youtube.com/@LD-gy6jv streaming on Youtube]), 28th-30th July 2025, virtually on Zoom; many Wikidata-related sessions: *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753723800 July 28, 2025 1:30pm - 2:30pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOA/has-this-been-done-before-exploring-wikidata-projects-through-diff-and-tmig-archives ''Has This Been Done Before? Exploring Wikidata Projects Through Diff and TMIG Archives''] by Silvia Gutierrez (workshop) *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753808400 July 29, 2025 1:00pm - 2:00pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOk/wikidata-affinity-group-introduction-to-wikidata-for-entity-management ''Wikidata Affinity Group: Introduction to Wikidata for Entity Management''] by Alex Jung, Kyla Jemison, Susan Radovsky (cf. [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]]) *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753816500 July 29, 2025 3:15pm - 3:45pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOt/scholarly-profiling-in-wikidata-creating-a-knowledge-graph-for-the-seekcommons-open-science-research-network ''Scholarly profiling in Wikidata: Creating a knowledge graph for the SEEKCommons open science research network''] by Dorothy Howard *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753818300 July 29, 2025 3:45pm - 3:55pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOw/from-biographical-dictionary-to-linked-data ''From Biographical Dictionary to Linked Data''] by Sara De Monaco (cf. [[:d:User:SaraDeMonaco/Tesi magistrale]] and [[:d:Q135208119]]) *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753818950 July 29, 2025 3:55pm - 4:05pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOz/lccnbot-one-year-on-an-update ''LCCNbot one year on: an update''] by Mary Muratsubaki Campany (cf. [[:d:User:LccnBot]]) *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753819500 July 29, 2025 4:05pm - 4:15pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eP2/supporting-access-to-cd-roms-while-using-and-contributing-to-wikidata ''Supporting access to CD-ROMs while using and contributing to Wikidata''] by Claire Fox *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753820100 July 29, 2025 4:15pm - 4:25pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eP5/surfacing-sociotechnical-research-with-wikidata ''Surfacing Sociotechnical Research with Wikidata''] by Kathleen Burlingame *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753820700 July 29, 2025 4:25pm - 4:35pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eP8/wikidata-workflows-with-orcid-and-openrefine-a-binghamton-university-case-study ''Wikidata Workflows with ORCID and OpenRefine: A Binghamton University Case Study''] by Sasha Frizzell *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753901100 July 30, 2025 2:45pm - 4:45pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26ePc/wiles-wikidata-lexicographical-event-semantics-modeling-for-natural-languages ''WiLES: Wikidata Lexicographical Event Semantics modeling for natural languages''] by Humza Yaqoob, Mahir Morshed (workshop) ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://www.bigdatawire.com/2025/07/10/scaling-the-knowledge-graph-behind-wikipedia/ Scaling the Knowledge Graph Behind Wikipedia] By Alex Woodie ** [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (see paper below) By Heidi Meudt * Papers ** [https://academic.oup.com/aob/advance-article/doi/10.1093/aob/mcaf062/8158086?login=false Wikidata for botanists: benefits of collaborating and sharing Linked Open Data] By Sabine et al., (2025). This study explores Wikidata as an open, multilingual knowledge base that connects botanical data across sources, and urges botanists to collaboratively enrich its content to support a broad spectrum of plant science. * Videos ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ib-8YsJChmw Wikidata labels and descriptions] By Moore Wikimedia Community ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=z6gNKxqhyxY Wikidata Lablar Description Stockholm Archipelago trail] By Magnus Sälgö * Presentations ** [https://zenodo.org/records/15828659 How To...Wikibase?] - Senior Partner Manager, [[m:User:Christos_Varvantakis_(WMDE)|Christos Varvantakis]] has produced this set of training and educational material to get you started with Wikibase. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://toolsadmin.wikimedia.org/tools/id/depictions Commons Depictions] is a tool that display depictions of Wikidata items on Wikimedia Commons ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' * New General datatypes **[[:d:Property:P13631|official donation page URL]] (<nowiki>official URL for making donations to the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13632|image of cosplay]] (<nowiki>cosplay that depicts this character or person</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13633|‎worn on]] (<nowiki>part of the body where an item of clothing, equipment, or jewelry is worn</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13635|warranty period]] (<nowiki>warranty period of this product as covered by the original manufacturer or creator</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13637|‎matricule number]] (<nowiki>identifier for a football club affiliated with the Royal Belgian Football Association</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13629|CABR-identifier]], [[:d:Property:P13630|Nederlands Film Festival person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13634|The Sun topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13636|IMDb interest ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cyclocross24 rider ID|Cyclocross24 rider ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a cyclo-cross cyclist in the Cyclocross24 database</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polyhedron net|Polyhedron net]] (<nowiki>A net of attached 2D polygon created for each polyhedron</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kanpei or Kokuhei|Kanpei or Kokuhei]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/file name|file name]] (<nowiki>name used for this entity in a computer file system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anthologia Graeca author|Anthologia Graeca author]] (<nowiki>Author number in the Anthologia Graeca Project, an online annotated edition of the [[w:Greek Anthology]]</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/langue locale dominante|langue locale dominante]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/accomplice|accomplice]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CCCA ID|CCCA ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cover Art Archive image|Cover Art Archive image]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Athletics Podium person ID|Athletics Podium person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CESAR title ID|CESAR title ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GaultMillau-idenficatiecode Nederland|GaultMillau-idenficatiecode Nederland]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/eFloraMEX ID|eFloraMEX ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BORIS Unibe author ID|BORIS Unibe author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EDBO institution code|EDBO institution code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OSHWA Identifier|OSHWA Identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Personnel de l'administration préfectorale depuis 1945|identifiant Personnel de l'administration préfectorale depuis 1945]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Personnel de l'administration préfectorale au 19e siècle|identifiant Personnel de l'administration préfectorale au 19e siècle]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Traditional Ballad Index file name|The Traditional Ballad Index file name]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID edizioni CoBiS LOD|ID edizioni CoBiS LOD]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA person ID|SIK-ISEA person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA group ID|SIK-ISEA group ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA institution ID|SIK-ISEA institution ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA work ID|SIK-ISEA work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA document ID|SIK-ISEA document ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/speedrun.com level ID|speedrun.com level ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version)|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Russian version)|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Russian version)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mizuumi Wiki article ID|Mizuumi Wiki article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/6TNS Top album languages found on Wikidata right now] [https://wikis.world/@moebeus@mastodon.online/112302638644990711 source] ** [https://w.wiki/Ej6F The names of the characters from Asterix & Obélix, in French, English, German, Latin and some other languages] ([https://wikis.world/@sukkoria@piaille.fr/114829167969170573 source]) ** [https://query-chest.toolforge.org/redirect/uAOfzguDGgAA6Ma2yseCsOOmGOOmaq8Go6sQQ6YEMWh Map the global distribution of periodicals in publication languages from the Eastern Mediterranean] (Arabic, Ottoman, Greek, Ladino, Coptic etc) ([https://wikis.world/@tillgrallert@digitalcourage.social/114819637083502934 source]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q49727|Das Erste (Q49727)]] - German public-service television channel * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L5785|reference (L5785)]] - English noun/verb (ˈɹɛf.ɹəns) meaning "source citation", "supporting document", or "relationship" ''' Development ''' * Wikibase REST API: We started work on the simple Property prefix search [[phab:(T397838]]) * Mobile statement editing: We continued the work on the basics with viewing of statements ([[phab:T394886]]]) * Search: Fixed a bug when pasting into the search box ([[phab:T397608]]) * Integration in Wikipedia and co: ** We began research into current limits for collapsing entity usage. (Basically when an article uses more data from an Item than the configured limit then we consider all data on that Item to be used. This is done for infrastructure reasons.) We’d like to improve this to further reduce unnecessary Wikidata changes showing up on watchlist and recent changes on Wikipedia and co. ** We will roll out showing labels instead of IDs in Wikidata edits in watchlist and recent changes to more wikis later this week. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Chile|Chile]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:09, 14 July 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28983341 --> == Tech News: 2025-29 == <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 14 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == ''The Signpost'': 18 July 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/News and notes|Is no WikiNews good WikiNews? — Election season returns!]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/In the media|How bad (or good) is Wikipedia?]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/WikiProject report|WikiProject Medicine reaches milestone of zero unreferenced articles]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/In focus|Wikimania 2025: Connecting Wikimedians across the world for 20 years]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Recent research|Knowledge manipulation on Russia's Wikipedia fork; Marxist critique of Wikidata license; call to analyze power relations of Wikipedia]] * News from the WMF: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/News from the WMF|Form 990 released for the Wikimedia Foundation’s fiscal year 2023-2024]] * Discussion report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Discussion report|Six thousand noticeboard discussions in 2025 electrically winnowed down to a hundred]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Comix|Divorce]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Opinion|Women are somewhat under-represented on the English-language Wikipedia, and other observations from analysis]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Community view|A Deep Dive Into Wikimedia (part 4): The Future Of Wikimedia and Conclusion]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Obituary|Pvmoutside, Atomicjohn, Rdmoore6, Jaknouse, Morven, Martin of Sheffield, MarnetteD, Herewhy, BabelStone]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Traffic report|God only knows]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Humour|New forum created for people who don't care about Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 07:53, 18 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=28903822 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:28, 21 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28984647 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #689 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-07-21. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#688]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming]]: ** [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeSyLv6rBOgxzPR8DmZ0QZNPr-wQJLs0uI8t2MyuBuTj4HTpA/viewform Wikimedia and Open Knowledge Conference (survey)] is being planned for 2026 in Poland. This event is to focus on research carried out on or with Wikidata and Wikipedia. Your opinion is wanted! Please fill out the Google Forms survey to help the organisation committee plan. Also available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc83qVh7W5QWzNUW8Cg9fL549RNS-s7Qut-UCE84N1OpoQwqw/viewform?usp=sharing&ouid=116673720641417865807 Polish] and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScMdwZ-aPhckKBoT6LNlS5ukVUCqdq8pI0o3nQNjjJR5798GA/viewform?usp=header Ukrainian]. ** Wikimania [[wikimania:2025:Program|2025 Program]] is Live! This is also the time to add your Wikidata meetups. Please start marking your preferred Wikimania sessions (⭐/like) and mark to your mobile apps or calendars. If you are joining online to watch live stream and use the interactive features, please register on eventyay through wikimania.org ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/6HQZ6BJ6SESOOBRWHYVHCNJX4LXXZP24/ source]) * Past: Missed the Q3 Wikidata+Wikibase office hour? You can catch up by reading the session log here: [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events/Telegram office hour 2025-07-16|2025-07-15 (Q3 2025)]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Papers: [https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/41/Supplement_1/i12/8199389 An educator framework for organizing Wikipedia editathons for computational biology] (uses Wikidata to power the [https://compbio-on-wiki.toolforge.org/ compbio-on-wiki.toolforge.org/] tool) ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikinity.toolforge.org/ Wikinity] A tool allowing you to find (un)photographed objects, so you can take a picture of them and send it to Wikidata. The tool was created By Martin Urbanec ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The Call for Papers is now open for the Journal of Open Humanities Data special collection: "Wikidata across the Humanities: datasets, methodologies, reuse." This editorial will explore how Wikidata is transforming research and collaboration in the humanities. If you're working on a relevant project, submit your proposal [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/collections/wikidata_across_the_humanities here] * What belongs where in the Wikibase Ecosystem? There is ongoing research to better understand what people are currently thinking about this and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/BUMGCMKFFNMJQVZXD4K6Z23LLBHAHCCT/ you can take part by sorting some scenarios]. *Wikimedia Deutschland is inviting further feedback on the Mobile Editing Experience [https://www.figma.com/proto/IdZ6rdm8FqDuLYIfQTvEer/ALICE-meets-MEX?page-id=0%3A1&node-id=3-9092&viewport=-14617%2C-894%2C0.76&t=jFYlzZdmBq4NcDU2-1&scaling=min-zoom&content-scaling=fixed prototype] (currently just a design file so not everything is clickable). Please follow the instructions below and share your thoughts at [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements]]: ** Add "business woman" as an occupation ** Add a start date to the relationship with A$AP Rocky and provide a reference ** Find the place of birth (Saint Michael) and open that page ** Add the coordinate location for Saint Michael ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13637|‎matricule number]] (<nowiki>identifier for a football club affiliated with the Royal Belgian Football Association</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13638|‎settlement classification]] (<nowiki>type of settlement according to a topographical classification</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13642|Polyhedron net]] (<nowiki>a net of attached 2D polygon created for each polyhedron</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13639|National Library of Uruguay book ID]], [[:d:Property:P13640|The Jerusalem Post topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13641|Physicians of Georgia Biographical Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P13643|eFloraMEX ID]], [[:d:Property:P13644|Theatre museums of Russia person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13645|Georgian Athletes Biographical Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P13646|Georgian Winemakers ID]], [[:d:Property:P13647|Ukrainian Book of Remembrance person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13648|BORIS Portal Unibe ID]], [[:d:Property:P13649|Society for the Promotion of Literacy among Georgians Members ID]], [[:d:Property:P13650|Deaf Movie Database title ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Generation MSX d'un matériel|identifiant Generation MSX d'un matériel]] (<nowiki>hardware identifier in the Generation MSX database of MSX videogames</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polish Taxpayer Identification Number|Polish Taxpayer Identification Number]] (<nowiki>an identifier for an entity paying taxes in Poland</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/official roster page|official roster page]] (<nowiki>URL of a team's official page about this player</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/transistor density|transistor density]] (<nowiki>density of transistors for classifying the complexity of discrete circuits</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Historische Bildpostkarten Universität Osnabrück - Entities|Historische Bildpostkarten Universität Osnabrück - Entities]] (<nowiki>Identificator for persons and publishers of historical picture postcards</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/grave|grave]] (<nowiki>grave of a person</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/fanlore article id|fanlore article id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Afrikaregisteret ID|Afrikaregisteret ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hong Kong company ID|Hong Kong company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/California Entity Number|California Entity Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Macanese company ID|Macanese company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Corporation Number in Canada|Corporation Number in Canada]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/QCC Code|QCC Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cyprus company ID|Cyprus company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Malta company ID|Malta company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GEMI Number|GEMI Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CUIT|CUIT]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Jamaica company ID|Jamaica company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SEC Number|SEC Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mã số doanh nghiệp|Mã số doanh nghiệp]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/movieID|movieID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Thailand company ID|Thailand company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PCPartPicker chipset ID|PCPartPicker chipset ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/gosfilmofond.ru ID|gosfilmofond.ru ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Directorio de museos del Sistema de Información Cultural|Directorio de museos del Sistema de Información Cultural]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Burmese company ID|Burmese company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cambodian company ID|Cambodian company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Encyclopedia ID|Georgian Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vintagepostcards-Archive-ID|Vintagepostcards-Archive-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MacPorts port|MacPorts port]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Berardi Arte artist ID|Berardi Arte artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adult Film Database director ID|Adult Film Database director ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Elonet company ID|Elonet company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dvdcompare.net film id|dvdcompare.net film id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SpaceReference.org celestial object ID|SpaceReference.org celestial object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/English solicitors ID|English solicitors ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database person ID|Deaf Movie Database person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** Mathematical formulae containing HTML escapes https://w.wiki/EoeL] ** [https://w.wiki/9Ygr Most frequent objects depicted on coats of arms] ([https://wikis.world/@kvistgaard@vivaldi.net/112162949851779659 source]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q1140439|Finding Forrester (Q1140439)]] - 2000 film directed by Gus Van Sant * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1372236|Września (L1372236)]] - Polish proper noun (ˈvʐɛɕ.ɲa) meaning "September (month)", "town in Greater Poland", or "village in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship" ''' Development ''' * Wikibase REST API: We have enabled the new Item Prefix Search endpoint on wikidata. You can try it out now with a call like this: https://www.wikidata.org/w/rest.php/wikibase/v0/suggest/items?language=en&q=potat If you have feedback please leave it at [[d:Wikidata talk:REST API feedback round|Wikidata talk:REST API feedback round]] * Additional APIs: We are looking a bit more into GraphQL and what it could offer to make programmatic access to Wikidata's data better. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We enabled showing the labels of entities in edit summaries in recent changes and watchlist. Now you no longer have to click to get to Wikidata and check what is behind a mystery ID in an edit summary coming from Wikidata. * Mobile statement editing: We are working on formatting references, qualifiers, various data types and multiple statements for one property. We are planning to enable the new mobile UI on Beta Wikidata soon. Important: For now it is a read-only UI, as we have not started to implement editing yet, and some data types won’t have the correct appearance yet. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Vietnam|Vietnam]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Current issue]]· [[:d:User:JosefAnthony|JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] .[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:01, 21 July 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29005317 --> == Tech News: 2025-30 == <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 21 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:40, 28 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29047614 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #690 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-07-28. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#689]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Aqurs1|Aqurs1]] (RfP scheduled to end after 31 July 2025 16:35 UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/THEbotIT 3|THEbotIT 3]] - New functional aspect to automatic creation of items describing the articles of [[:w:de:Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft|Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft]] (RE). We want to model now the articles, which amends the main articles, as those information where suppressed so far. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Wikidata's 13th birthday decentralized events will take place in October and November 2025. Feel free to browse [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday|the documentation pages]] to learn how to organize an event in your area, get funding, and get in touch with other organizers. Help translate the documentation pages into your language. ** [[d:Q134950534|COSCUP 2025 (Q134950534)]] OpenStreetMap x Wikidata Track will be held at [[d:Q699543|National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Q699543)]] on August 9-10. ** [[wikimania:2025|Wikimania]] starts next week August 6 through August 9. Check out the Wikidata related session in the [[wikimania:2025:Wikimania/Program|program]] and start marking your preferred Wikimania sessions (⭐/like) on your mobile apps or calendars. If you are joining online to watch live stream and use the interactive features, please register on eventyay through wikimania.org. Note also the Wikidata meetups organised outside the official conference hours. * Past: WikiCon Brasil 2025 happened in person in [[d:Q36947|Salvador (Q36947)]] including a [[wmbr:WikiCon_Brasil_2025/Programa/Tecnologia|technical session with two Wikidata-focused presentations]] (in Portuguese) ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/making-question-answering-systems-smarter-with-knowledge-graphs-using-frog-a-wikidata-research-fund-2024-highlight/ Making Question-Answering Systems Smarter with Knowledge Graphs Using FrOG: A Wikidata Research Fund 2024 Highlight] - How can large language models become more accurate using structured knowledge? A research team from Universitas Indonesia and WU Vienna explored this through FrOG, a framework that integrates Wikidata into question-answering language model. This research is supported by Wikimedia Indonesia through the [[m:Wikimedia Indonesia/Hibah Riset Wikidata 2024|Wikidata Research Fund 2024]] program. ** [https://www.techradar.com/pro/wikidatas-next-leap-the-open-database-powering-tomorrows-ai-and-wikipedia Wikidata’s next leap: the open database powering tomorrow’s AI and Wikipedia] By Lydia Pintscher * Presentations: [https://zenodo.org/records/15609570 O herbário da Universidade de Coimbra na Wikidata] (Using Wikidata in Natural History Collection Management, in Portuguese) * Papers: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40695850/ Wiki-Quantities and Wiki-Measurements: Datasets of quantities and their measurement context from Wikipedia] - Researchers developed two large, validated datasets; Wiki-Quantities and Wiki-Measurements, from Wikipedia and Wikidata to improve automated extraction of quantitative data and its context using natural language processing techniques. By Göpfert et al., (2025) * Videos: [https://m.youtube.com/shorts/MXQBNG4Wjgk Wikidata:The shadow power behind Wikipedia and AI] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://flashbackfiesta.app/ Flashback Fiesta] - is a trivia game that challenges players to guess the year of historical events using data from Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Personal Pronouns|Wikidata:WikiProject Personal Pronouns]] drafted a new [[:d:Wikidata:Personal pronouns|Wikidata Personal Pronouns Policy]], using [[:d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Pronouns P6553|this recent RFC]] as a basis. It's the first time a policy on this topic has been proposed, and the [[:d:Wikidata:Living people|Wikidata Living People Policy]] served as a reference. Feedback is encouraged and appreciated. * The modeling of [[:d:Q397610|agrégation]] ("the most competitive and prestigious examination for civil service in the French public education system" according to [[:w:en:Agrégation]]) has been reviewed in various aspects: a summary is available in [[:d:Talk:Q397610#Modeling agrégation]]. Suggestions are welcome. *Wikimedia Deutschland is inviting further feedback on the Mobile Editing Experience [https://www.figma.com/proto/IdZ6rdm8FqDuLYIfQTvEer/ALICE-meets-MEX?page-id=0%3A1&node-id=3-9092&viewport=-14617%2C-894%2C0.76&t=jFYlzZdmBq4NcDU2-1&scaling=min-zoom&content-scaling=fixed prototype] (currently just a design file so not everything is clickable). Please follow the instructions below and share your thoughts at [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements]]: ** Add "business woman" as an occupation ** Add a start date to the relationship with A$AP Rocky and provide a reference ** Find the place of birth (Saint Michael) and open that page ** Add the coordinate location for Saint Michael ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P13668|‎operating cost]] (<nowiki>estimated or average ongoing recurring cost for operating or using an object</nowiki>) *New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13651|Ukrainian Memorial person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13652|Portal of united hromadas of Ukraine ID]], [[:d:Property:P13653|Portal Decentralization hromada ID]], [[:d:Property:P13654|Facebook image ID]], [[:d:Property:P13655|archieven.nl creator ID]], [[:d:Property:P13656|‎Elonet company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13657|Embryo Project Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P13658|‎Film Atlas ID]], [[:d:Property:P13659|Klimadashboard.de region ID]], [[:d:Property:P13660|‎Knowledge Graph for Irish History person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13661|myCast person or character ID]], [[:d:Property:P13662|‎nasljerseys.com player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13663|‎speedrun.com level ID]], [[:d:Property:P13664|‎FBref competition ID]], [[:d:Property:P13665|‎FBref match ID]], [[:d:Property:P13666|‎parlament.fyi person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13667|Swimcloud swimmer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/organizational chart|organizational chart]] (<nowiki>image that displays the structure of this organization or government agency and the relationships and relative ranks of it's parts and positions/jobs</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Source Shrine|Source Shrine]] (<nowiki>The shrine that the gods of this shinto shrine came from through Bunrei and Kanjo</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/botanical photographs|botanical photographs]] (<nowiki>a distinctive image of a flower, inflorescence, or a similar reproductive structure for this taxon</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database language ID|Deaf Movie Database language ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database genre ID|Deaf Movie Database genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database country ID|Deaf Movie Database country ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss Films person ID|Swiss Films person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/My Abandonware company|My Abandonware company]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Indianapolis ID|Encyclopedia of Indianapolis ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Database dei fondi musicali toscani ID|Database dei fondi musicali toscani ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NeoDB Movie ID|NeoDB Movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Serbian settlement ID|Serbian settlement ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/c64.cz game ID|c64.cz game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NuGet package|NuGet package]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss Films company ID|Swiss Films company ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/wikidata/Bc3bpD?exec=true Church buildings in Sweden on OpenStreetMap with links to Wikidata, but without the inverse link]. ** [https://w.wiki/EsMN Tennis tournament titles won by specific player] ([[Wikidata:Request_a_query#Tennis tournament titles won by specific player|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/EsMS BarChart of chemical compound identifiers in Wikidata] ([https://wikis.world/@egonw@social.edu.nl/114918734141640378 source]) * WikiProject Highlights: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Sweden WikiProject Sweden] - A project to centralize, expand, and translate Sweden-related data on Wikidata while supporting the Swedish contributor community. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q43361|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Q43361)]] - 1997 novel by J. K. Rowling * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]:[[d:Lexeme:L9436|ножницы (L9436)]] - Russian noun (nɐˈʐnʲitsɨ) meaning "cutting tool", "window hardware mechanism", or "ski position with split tips" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We finished a first version of formatting references ([[phab:T396098]]); qualifiers ([[phab:T396099]]); various data types ([[phab:T394888]], [[phab:T394890]], [[phab:T394904]], [[phab:T394907]]); and multiple statements for one property ([[phab:T396637]]) ** We enabled the new mobile editing experience on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org beta Wikidata] so you can now try the very rough version there and follow along with development * Wikibase REST API: We finished the simple Property prefix search endpoint and it will go live in the next days ([[phab:T397838]]) * Additional APIs: We are working on a prototype for GraphQL to see if that is a going to be helpful for accessing Wikidata's data ([[phab:T399452]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Kenya|Kenya]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony|JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·''' [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:55, 28 July 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29051444 --> == Tech News: 2025-31 == <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:22, 29 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == This Month in Education: July 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 7 • July 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025|Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania|Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025|Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs|Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning|The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025 |When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD|Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia|Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague|Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 03:00, 1 August 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29005310 --> == Wikimedia CEE Newsletter – August 2025 == Dear CEE Community, We’re happy to share with you the '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/August_2025 August edition of the CEE Newsletter]'''! In this issue: * Read how the CEE Hub is supporting the region and preparing for the next meetings * Celebrate 22 years of Romanian Wikipedia and 10 years of the Albanian Language User Group * Discover the winning photos from the Albanian cuisine contest * Learn how CEE Spring 2025 gathered over 10,000 articles * Find out how communities marked World Refugee Day and Francophonie Month * And much more – from Thessaloniki to Kırklareli! Read the full newsletter '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/August_2025 here]'''. Happy reading! On behalf of the CEE Newsletter team, --[[user:janbery|janbery]] ([[user talk:janbery|talk]]) 14:06, 1 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Janbery@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=29008937 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:21, 4 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29077280 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #691 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-04. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#690]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Aqurs1|Aqurs1]] - closed as successful. Welcome onbaord \o/ * Other: [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Suggestion_for_splitting_out_the_WikiCite_graph_to_another_wikibase|Suggestion for splitting out the WikiCite graph to another wikibase]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Wikimania begins this week (August 6-9). Check out the Wikidata sessions and meetups in the [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ event schedule] and mark them in your calander. ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[d:Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series: Join the second session in our Intro to Wikidata/EMCO series. It will be focused on gadgets and user scripts that enhance Wikidata editing. We'll demo useful tools and invite you to share your favorites too! 🗓️ Tuesday, August 5 🕘 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1754409600 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST] ℹ️ More info & Zoom link: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/IntroEMCO|Project page]] ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #79 August 9 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs **[https://addshore.com/2025/07/wikimedia-commons-depicts-statements-over-time/ Wikimedia Commons Depicts statements over time] - Looking at the user of Wikidata Items to show that Wikimedia commons images depict, since the structured data on commons feature was originally turned on. Roads currently come out on top! By Adshore ** [https://blog.johl.io/mimi-sisema-kiswahili-lakini-ninapenda-data/ Mimi sisema Kiswahili, lakini ninapenda data] (I don’t speak Swahili, but I love data). By Jens Ohlig ** [https://itbrief.asia/story/wikimedia-project-boosts-software-for-endangered-languages-worldwide Wikimedia project boosts software for endangered languages worldwide] * Videos: Ongoing Wikidata sessions at the LD4 2025 events. ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVmjHDhS-Fc&list=PLx2ZluWEZtIDTHevbzOScn1mz8-9ITTLL playlist]) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://whopaintedthis.toolforge.org/ Who Painted this] - is a tool developed by Francesco Negri. The tool is a game that let's you guess who created a painting, using data from Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * If you are using Wikidata's APIs please be aware that the existing user agent policy will be enforced more strictly going forward. Please make sure your application sets a proper user agent. More details are in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/APW6FQBGIVLCEN7WZ65D4NVZ6XQIWGCW/ this announcement]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13668|‎operating cost]] (<nowiki>estimated or average ongoing recurring cost for operating or using an object</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13669|‎UK Mutual Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P13670|Scientific heritage of Russia person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13671|Reabilitovani istoriyeyu person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13672|L'Expression topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13673|Memorial Platform person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13674|‎SIK-ISEA institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P13675|‎SIK-ISEA person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13676|‎SIK-ISEA work ID]], [[:d:Property:P13677|Kokugakuin University Digital Museum entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13678|‎FLBB player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13679|Russian Cycling Federation person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13680|Geoguessr ID]], [[:d:Property:P13681|R-Sport team ID]], [[:d:Property:P13682|‎OSHWA identifier]], [[:d:Property:P13683|Personnel de l'administration préfectorale au 19e siècle ID]], [[:d:Property:P13685|Generation MSX hardware ID]], [[:d:Property:P13686|Generation MSX company or demo group ID]], [[:d:Property:P13687|‎Fanlore article ID]], [[:d:Property:P13688|MarathonView person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13689|‎Anthologia Graeca author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13690|Museum ID from Mexico SIC directory of museums]], [[:d:Property:P13691|Georgian Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P13692|CoBiS LOD book ID]], [[:d:Property:P13693|‎c64.cz game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DuckDuckGo bang|DuckDuckGo bang]] (<nowiki>Identifier for use of DuckDuckGo bang shortcut, do not prefix with "!"</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/algebraic closure|algebraic closure]] (<nowiki>abgebraic closure of this field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/value of this characteristic|value of this characteristic]] (<nowiki>non-numeric value of this characteristic applied to this mathematical object</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Library of Nigeria ID|National Library of Nigeria ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) auteur(ice) dans le catalogue de la médiathèque de Sceaux|Identifiant d'un(e) auteur(ice) dans le catalogue de la médiathèque de Sceaux]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parabra pal Dicionariu Extremeñu de Juan Kam|Parabra pal Dicionariu Extremeñu de Juan Kam]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EASIN ID|EASIN ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Genetics entry ID|A Dictionary of Genetics entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TEQSA Provider ID|TEQSA Provider ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TEQSA Course ID|TEQSA Course ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Registered Training Organisation code|Registered Training Organisation code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un mémoire dans XIXe siècle en mémoires|Identifiant d'un mémoire dans XIXe siècle en mémoires]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Episodes.fm ID|Episodes.fm ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ A Dictionary of Sports Studies entry ID| A Dictionary of Sports Studies entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Open Science Thesaurus ID|Open Science Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dictionary of American Family Names ID|Dictionary of American Family Names ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/osm-planet/J9BO8v?exec=true Railway crossing waterways in Norway with associated bridges]. ** [https://query-chest.toolforge.org/redirect/8d9jpdjE3Mcsc66SIS8GQqYK2YYgYOsm2myy2Oma00R Chart of the nominal outputs of Uganda's hydro-power plants] ([https://x.com/kateregga1/status/1939789382099071298 source]) ** [https://w.wiki/Eoya You have a Wikidata item with few sources? Check the references of all other items linking to that Item] ([https://bsky.app/profile/magnusmanske.wikis.world.ap.brid.gy/post/3lujyuegowp32 source]) * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject sum of all paintings|Sum of all paintings]] - goal is to have a Wikidata Item for every notable painting. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q104454|Mario Götze (Q104454)]] - German association football player * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1216630|Śrem (L1216630)]] - Polish proper noun (ɕrɛm) meaning "town in Greater Poland", "rural-urban municipality", or "village in Lower Silesia" ''' Development ''' * We made progress on figuring out how to make maps on mobile work well with Kartographer ([[phab:T394906]]) * Lydia and Mohammed are attending Wikimania. We are looking forward to seeing some of you there. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Kenya|Kenya]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:02, 4 August 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29074255 --> == Tech News: 2025-32 == <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 5 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == ''The Signpost'': 9 August 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/News and notes|Court order snips out part of Wikipedia article, editors debate whether to frame shreds or pulp them]] * Discussion report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Discussion report|News from ANI, AN, RSN, BLPN, ELN, FTN, and NPOVN]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Disinformation report|The article in the most languages]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Community view|News from the Villages Pump]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/In the media|Disgrace, dive bars, deceased despots, and diverse dispatches]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Crossword|Accidental typography]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Comix|best-laid schemes o' wikis an' men]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Traffic report|I'm not the antichrist or the Superman]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 02:27, 9 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29085669 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:20, 11 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29085671 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VII, July 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: 10 years of Wikimedians of Albanian Language User Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba – From Island to Archive: Aruba’s Journey on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: De Standaard Solidarity Prize and How to Upload Artwork * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Expanding Access to Heritage Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025: Program Highlights & Volunteer Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: July in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Poster Exhibition, Screening Public Viewing, Women Memorials * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Japanese art in Arabic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikinics & Edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL blog by Tiago Lubiana, BHL Wikimedian in Residence, and news on the BHL transition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Introducing Oulu Löyly – we want to hear your thoughts! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Getting the message out * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Culture & Heritage team transitioning to broader Content Enablement team * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 19:59, 11 August 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29083949 --> == Tech News: 2025-33 == <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:24, 11 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #692 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-11. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#691]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Dolabbot|Dolabbot]] - Mass import of module subpages from other wikis (mainly English wiktionary) to Korean wiktionary and addition of corresponding Wikidata sitelinks. ''' Events ''' * Past: Wikimania 2025 took place last week! Day-by-day playlists are available on the Wikimedia Foundation [https://www.youtube.com/@TheWikimediaFoundation/playlists YouTube channel]. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [[d:User:Midleading|Midleading]] created a a UserScript called [[d:User:Midleading/RemoveRedundantLabels.js|RemoveRedundantLabels.js]]. This user script adds a new tool Item, that can be used to remove all labels that are the same as mul label, in one click. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' *New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13696|taxon aspect image]] (<nowiki>an exemplary image of a particular aspect for this taxon. Relevant for taxonomic identification</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13694|Mizuumi Wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P13695|My Abandonware company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13697|Vintagepostcards-Archive-ID]], [[:d:Property:P13698|Historical picture postcards University of Osnabrück ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/awarded for type of work|awarded for type of work]] (<nowiki>type of work for which an award or type of award is conferred</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/display size (diagonal)|display size (diagonal)]] (<nowiki>diagonal length of a rectangular electronic display</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/non-free official cover art URL|non-free official cover art URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a copyrighted cover image for a creative work at an authorized distributor's website</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IUPAC name|IUPAC name]] (<nowiki>Name of a chemical compound following the IUPAC nomenclature of (in)organic chemistry.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Creed|Creed]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artfacts artist ID|Artfacts artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/nextroom building ID|nextroom building ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/USB device ID|USB device ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Caixin company ID|Caixin company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIBFRAME Work ID|BIBFRAME Work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Primary Vessel Number|Primary Vessel Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Songsofy artist ID|Songsofy artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PCI vendor hexadecimal ID|PCI vendor hexadecimal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms entry ID|The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/T10 vendor ID string|T10 vendor ID string]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military entry ID|The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SPoT skater ID (new scheme)|SPoT skater ID (new scheme)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'une pièce musicale dans le répertoire de la SACEM|Identifiant d'une pièce musicale dans le répertoire de la SACEM]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/9twM Mothers on Wikidata] - explore the mother and child relationships of Wikidata items. ** [https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/wikidata/tYjsyi Human with article in simple and no english article] (QLever) ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Articles_on_simple_Wikipedia_but_not_en.Wikipedia|source]]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q20683626|2016 Taiwanese presidential election (Q20683626)]] - election in Taiwan * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1334366|illing (L1334366)]] - English adjective/noun (ˈɪlɪŋ) meaning "annoyed/unhappy", "acting aggressively", or "in a difficult situation" ''' Development ''' * We attended [[Wikimania:2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 205]] in Nairobi * We continued efforts to get our new mobile statement UI for Items with the Kartographer extension, and merged a first version that mostly works ([[Phab:T394906]]) * We began work on including accessibility testing for the new mobile statement editing UI for Items ([[Phab:T400678]]) * The entity types for the new search dropdown has been updated to have Items at the top ([[Phab:T398817]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 09:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29104433 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 18 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #693 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-18. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#692]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! Mark your calendars for our third session of our event series, an Introduction to Wikidata/EMCO, which is meant to introduce EMCO participants and anyone interested to Wikidata and to develop frameworks and skills for entity management in the Wikidata environment. We will review searching in Wikidata and have a practical, hands-on exercise where everyone can create a new person item and add some statements. Join us Tuesday, August 19th at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1755619200 Time zone converter]. Please see our [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/IntroEMCO project page] for more information and Zoom links. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=rTKWoZY8I8Y What Is Wikidata? - Be App Savvy] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=IYlzoFT3Wi4&pp=0gcJCf8Ao7VqN5tD OpenStreetMap x Wikidata] - Wikidata Taiwan ''' Tool of the week ''' * Magnus Manske’s developed a [https://como.toolforge.org/#/game/autodesc Como Wikidata Game] using Autodesc, this game suggests short descriptions for Wikidata items that don't have any. Review each suggestion, improve it if needed, and submit a concise, accurate description. Additioanlly the andriod application for the game is available for download at [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.toolforge.como Google Play Store] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Are you a developer using Wikidata's data in your application with the action API or Query Service? The Wikidata development would love to talk to you to help improve how you can get to Wikidata's data. More details [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/x2sslsjb/apply here (Great Question)]. User interview is 60-mins and you’ll receive compensation as a thank-you for your time. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13699|National Library of Nigeria ID]], [[:d:Property:P13700|Artfacts artist ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Código INE (Bolivia)|Código INE (Bolivia)]] (<nowiki>Official hierarchical identifier of the National Institute of Statistics of Bolivia for administrative entities such as departments, provinces and municipalities.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/quality for|quality for]] (<nowiki>quality that is described by this sense of adjective/grammatical modifier</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/type of quality|type of quality]] (<nowiki>qualifier of "item for this modifier" that specifies the type of quality</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has wireless capabilities|has wireless capabilities]] (<nowiki>type of wireless connectivity this device has/supports</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/designed for handedness|designed for handedness]] (<nowiki>hand(s) that this object is intended to be used with</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Valais cantonal parliament ID|Valais cantonal parliament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Arcanes ID|Arcanes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Travel and Tourism entry ID|A Dictionary of Travel and Tourism entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IGDB tag ID|IGDB tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TechnoMusicWorld artist ID|TechnoMusicWorld artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TechnoMusicWorld release ID|TechnoMusicWorld release ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TechnoMusicWorld track ID|TechnoMusicWorld track ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Dentistry entry ID|A Dictionary of Dentistry entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CELL ID|CELL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Flemish Community Masterpieces List item ID|Flemish Community Masterpieces List item ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation entry ID|A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hamburger Frauenbiografien ID|Hamburger Frauenbiografien ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GamesIndustry.biz topic ID|GamesIndustry.biz topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ophardt Team Sportevent person ID|Ophardt Team Sportevent person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LINDAS ID|LINDAS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital ROC people ID|Digital ROC people ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum of Fine Arts, Lyon object ID|Museum of Fine Arts, Lyon object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nebraska Authors author ID|Nebraska Authors author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/InfoconDB series ID|InfoconDB series ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/InfoconDB conference ID|InfoconDB conference ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/setlist.fm festival ID|setlist.fm festival ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital ROC event ID|Digital ROC event ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS scholar ID|ScholarGPS scholar ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS institution ID|ScholarGPS institution ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS field and discipline ID|ScholarGPS field and discipline ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS specialty ID|ScholarGPS specialty ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Digital Ark person ID|The Digital Ark person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS country profile ID|ScholarGPS country profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MHOBT ID|MHOBT ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letterboxd person ID|Letterboxd person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/F4Fv Wikidata entities shaped like businesses] ([https://w.wiki/F4Mf Sparql source]) ** [https://w.wiki/6DJd Map of sub-categories of a Commons category] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Irish_Traditional_Music WikiProject Irish Traditional Music] - This project aims to enhance the representation of Irish traditional music on Wikidata * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q737062|Olympia (Q737062)]] - painting by Édouard Manet * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1250690|spegnere (L1250690)]] - Italian verb (ˈspeɲ.ɲe.re) meaning "to extinguish (a fire)", "to turn off (a device)", or "to die (euphemistic)" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We are continuing the work - so far on the read-only mobile version. We will start looking into editing soon. You can follow along with the development on [https://wikidata.beta.wmflabs.org beta Wikidata]. * GraphQL: We are continuing some experiments with GraphQL to see if it is useful for specific types of access to Wikidata's data. * Dumps: We are starting to experiment with subset dumps to see if we can get meaningful smaller dumps for reusers. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are working on scalability issues around the number of changes from Wikidata that get sent to Wikipedia and co. As part of this we are continuing to look into how to decrease the number of changes in recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co that don't actually affect an article there. ** We are investigating how the upcoming larger rollout of Parsoid affects the tracking of Wikidata usage in articles. ** We are looking into improving the Databox Lua module that is used especially in smaller Wikipedias to get Wikidata-powered infoboxes. * Federation: We are looking at the previous prototype for Federated Properties that allowed to use Wikidata's Properties on another Wikibase instance. We are checking what if anything of it can be revived for our current work to allow other Wikibase instances to use Wikidata's Items and Properties seamlessly. * Data governance: We are concluding research around the current undestanding of people about which data should go where in the Wikibase Ecosystem. * Constraint reports: We limited Special:ConstraintReport to logged-in users to avoid AI scrapers hitting the systems too hard ([[phab:T401789])) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Cyprus|Cyprus]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] . [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 August 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> == Tech News: 2025-34 == <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:33, 19 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 25 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #694 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-18. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#693]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Rubah_Hitam_Vukova|Rubah Hitam Vukova]] - RfP scheduled to end after 31 August 2025 14:16 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/DifoolBot_7|DifoolBot 7]] - task(s): Adding a Wikipedia reference to unsourced day-precision [[d:Property:P569|date of birth (P569)]] and [[d:Property:P570|date of death (P570)]] claims. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Dolabbot|Dolabbot]] - task(s): Import module subpages from other wikis (mainly English wiktionary) to Korean wiktionary and addition of corresponding Wikidata sitelinks. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Pilot_Project_for_AI-Assisted_Wikidata_Onboarding_%26_Quality_Control|Pilot project for AI-Assisted Wikidata onboarding and Quality control]]. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The call for proposals deadline for [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]] is very close (end of the August). Submit your session proposals at this [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp Call for Proposals] page. ** Wikidata's 13th birthday decentralized events will take place in October and November 2025. Feel free to browse [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Run an event|the documentation pages]] to learn how to organize an event in your area and get in touch with other organizers. If you need funding support, make sure to apply for the micro-grants before the deadline of September 1st. Please help translate the documentation pages into your language. ** [[m:WikiCite_2025|WikiCite 2025]]: a 3-day (25 - 31 August 2025) conference, summit and hackathon for creating an ecosystem of bibliographical data. To attend online, please sign-up on the [[m:WikiCite_2025/Participants|Participants]] page. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://www.stephenharrison.com/p/how-wikidata-is-coding-for-humanity How Wikidata is coding for humanity] - In this interview, Lydia Pintscher of Wikimedia Deutschland speaks with Stephen Harrison on how Wikidata connects human and machine-readable knowledge and why contributing to it is having a global impact. * Papers: [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5396411#:~:text=Abstract,and%20automated%20decision%2Dmaking%20systems. Wikidata's Worldview: A Semantic Network Analysis of an AI Knowledge Pipeline] - The paper examines Wikidata as a key AI knowledge source, showing how its structures and classifications influence machine decision-making, and calls for greater transparency in AI data systems. * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=OeiXnbpRC2A What Wikidata Reveals About the Good Side of the Internet] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nuzw-qehCT8 Resolving the Empty Result Issue in the Wikidata Query Service] * Podcast: [https://www.iheart.com/podcast/263-tech-talks-daily-28475628/episode/3391-what-wikidata-reveals-about-the-290000631/ Tech Talks Daily - What Wikidata reveals about the good side of the internet?] - This episode features Lydia Pintscher who reveals how this massive, collaborative dataset empowers communities worldwide to build tools for the public good, and what a truly “good internet” can look like... * Presentations: [[d:File:Wikimania 2025 - Wikidata a whirlwind tour through the land of Wikidata-powered apps.pdf|Wikimania 2025 - Wikidata a whirlwind tour through the land of Wikidata-powered apps]] (slides for a talk showcasing Wikidata powered apps at Wikimania 2025) By Lydia Pintscher ''' Tool of the week ''' * The [[m:Como|Como GWAP]]<small> (''[[d:Q125832524|Q125832524]]'')</small> (games with a purpose) app has just released to the [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/como-a-crowdsourcing-game/id6686407794 iOS App Store]. Also playable in your [https://como.toolforge.org/ Web Browser] and Android ([https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.toolforge.como Google Play Store]), the latest release includes Stats tracking and Leaderboards. * A new tool [[Wikidata:Tools/SPARQL Recent Changes 2|SPARQL Recent Changes 2]] has been released and enables mass-validation of entities in Wikidata based on their recent changes. This tool enables users to ensure that whole subgraphs are valid according to any given EntitySchema! * [https://wikicrowd.toolforge.org/groups WikiCrowd] A tool for crowdsourced micro-edits on Wikimedia projects, letting users make quick contributions—like labeling images or answering simple questions—to improve data on Commons and Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[m:Wikisource reader app|Wikisource reader app]] was released. It utilizes the power of Wikidata. * [https://paulina.toolforge.org/ Paulina] won one of this year's [[m:Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Awards]] = Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review = <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Property:P13713|rewards this type of work]] (<nowiki>kind of work for which an award is given</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13715|‎watercraft prefix]] (<nowiki>prefix applied to watercraft operated by different organisations</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13718|‎proposed entity type]] (<nowiki>what a proposed entity would be</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13723|‎Modern Shrine Ranking]] (<nowiki>Rank in the Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13724|‎Cyclocross24 rider ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a cyclo-cross cyclist in the Cyclocross24 database</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13732|‎DuckDuckGo bang]] (<nowiki>Identifier for use of DuckDuckGo bang shortcut</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Property:P13701|Database dei fondi musicali toscani ID]], [[:d:Property:P13702|‎Deaf Movie Database person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13703|‎Deaf Movie Database genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P13704|‎Deaf Movie Database language ID]], [[:d:Property:P13705|‎Deaf Movie Database country ID]], [[:d:Property:P13706|‎MacPorts port]], [[:d:Property:P13707|‎dvdcompare.net film ID]], [[:d:Property:P13708|‎Encyclopedia of Indianapolis ID]], [[:d:Property:P13709|Mobility Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13712|PCPartPicker product type ID]], [[:d:Property:P13714|Library of Congress BIBFRAME Work ID]], [[:d:Property:P13716|USB device ID]], [[:d:Property:P13717|Rekhta Gujarati author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13719|A Dictionary of Public Health entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13720|Yandex Books author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13721|CoreTennis.net player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13722|rada.info council ID]], [[:d:Property:P13725|Athletics Podium person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13726|‎CESAR title ID]], [[:d:Property:P13727|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Russian version)]], [[:d:Property:P13728|Polish Taxpayer Identification Number]], [[:d:Property:P13729|‎Berardi Arte artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P13730|Swiss Films person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13731|Swiss Films company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13733|médiathèque de Sceaux catalog author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13734|EASIN ID]], [[:d:Property:P13735|A Dictionary of Genetics entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13736|A Dictionary of Sports Studies entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13737|Open Science Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P13738|PCI vendor hexadecimal ID]], [[:d:Property:P13739|NuGet package]], [[:d:Property:P13740|LINDAS ID]], [[:d:Property:P13741|‎Archaeological Cadastre (Greece) ID]], [[:d:Property:P13742|Dictionary of American Family Names ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/museociclismo|museociclismo]] (<nowiki>id for museociclismo.it</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificativo Viario di Roma|identificativo Viario di Roma]] (<nowiki>identifier for a street in Rome</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/form factor|form factor]] (<nowiki>physical design paradigm this object is aligned with</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/implies (2)|implies (2)]] (<nowiki>axiom or conjecture that this axiom or conjecture implies</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/comes with|comes with]] (<nowiki>object which is included with this item, but is not part of it</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letterboxd person ID|Letterboxd person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EU-ID|EU-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Viario di Roma ID|Viario di Roma ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kick username|Kick username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ene dilim ID|Ene dilim ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LTT Labs product ID|LTT Labs product ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Concept ID in Arab Encyclopedia|Concept ID in Arab Encyclopedia]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/La Fayette ID|La Fayette ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archivio Storico Ricordi partiture ID|Archivio Storico Ricordi partiture ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/United Methodist Church church ID|United Methodist Church church ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Record Group Number of National Archives Administration, Taiwan|Record Group Number of National Archives Administration, Taiwan]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Autostraddle topic ID|Autostraddle topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LGBTQ Nation tag ID|LGBTQ Nation tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Advocate tag ID|The Advocate tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Xtra Magazine topic ID|Xtra Magazine topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Out tag ID|Out tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Queerty tag ID|Queerty tag ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/F6NR Cool beaches in Antartica] ** [https://w.wiki/F8At Airports with IATA and/or ICAO airport codes, their wikidata Item id's and the English label of the Item] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Airport_query|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_They_not_were_witches_they_were_women WikiProject They Were Not Witches, They Were Women] - A Wikidata project preserving the stories of women accused as witches in Catalonia and Andorra (1419–1796). * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q9321426|Le Monde de Dory (Q9321426)]] - 2016 American animated film directed by Andrew Stanton * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L8031|消す (L8031)]] - Japanese verb (けす, kesu) meaning "to erase", "to turn off", or "to delete" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: After focusing on the initial read-only version, we are now starting the work on the actual editing mode. You can follow along with the development on [https://wikidata.beta.wmflabs.org beta Wikidata]. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are continuing to work on scalability issues around the number of changes from Wikidata that get sent to Wikipedia and co. As part of this we are continuing to look into how to decrease the number of changes in recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co that don't actually affect an article there. * GraphQL: We now have a prototype for GraphQL for Wikidata. We'd love to have your feedback about it, especially if you are a developer building applications with Wikidata's data. More details at [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL prototype|GraphQL prototype]] [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] . [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:32, 25 August 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> == Tech News: 2025-35 == <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:07, 26 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:40, 1 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #695 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-25. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#694]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: [[d:wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Rubah Hitam Vukova|Rubah Hitam Vukova]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Last chance to submit a session for [[d:Event:WikidataCon_2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the proposals deadline is imminent: head to this '''[https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp Call for Proposals page]''' to submit an idea'' (drafts are welcome, they can be edited for a week after the deadline).'' ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series: fourth session, ''Introduction to Wikidata/EMCO'', with a hands-on exercise creating a corporate body item and adding statements. Tuesday, September 2 – 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST ('''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html Time zone converter]'''). [[Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/IntroEMCO|More info and Zoom links]]. ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #80 September 15 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61752245 Mozilla Community Space Taipei]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Press: [https://www.fastcompany.com/91391335/big-tech-locks-data-away-wikidata-gives-it-back-to-the-internet Big Tech locks data away. Wikidata gives it back to the internet] * Blogs: [https://addshore.com/2025/08/wikidata-instance-of-and-subclass-of-through-time-p31-p279/ Wikidata, instance of and subclass of through time (P31 & P279)] * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=M0Bk83ZLTyw&pp=0gcJCRsBo7VqN5tD LD4 2025 - Wikidata Affinity Group Session - Introduction to Wikidata for Entity Management] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=dviYC912yQs&pp=0gcJCRsBo7VqN5tD How to create a work and edition in Wikidata] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://toolsadmin.wikimedia.org/tools/id/enet DerDieDas for Danish] is a Wikidata-based game to practice Danish. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is hiring a [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/58843265?l=en Senior Software Engineer (all genders) for the Wikibase Suite], starting October 1, 2025. The role is full-time or part-time, hybrid, and based in Berlin, focused on building open-source tools for linked open data. * The [[m:Grants:Project/Rapid/Tech|Rapid Fund/Tech]] program, launched on July 24, 2025, provides up to $5,000 per project for coding tools that improve contributions to Wikimedia projects. Applications are reviewed every two months, with priority for impactful projects with clear, critical, and well-planned milestones. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13745|parts per area]] (<nowiki>average number of parts per unit of area</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13749|‎display size (diagonal)]] (<nowiki>diagonal length of a rectangular electronic display</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13743|Digital ROC people ID]], [[:d:Property:P13744|Digital ROC event ID]], [[:d:Property:P13746|T10 vendor ID string]], [[:d:Property:P13747|Confederation of African Tennis player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13748|‎Nextroom building ID]], [[:d:Property:P13750|Concept ID in Arab Encyclopedia]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/game stat|game stat]] (<nowiki>metric to what extent a character in a role-playing game (or game with role-playing elements) possesses a specific natural, in-born characteristic common to all characters in the game</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/open meeting page URL|open meeting page URL]] (<nowiki>Information page describing open meetings, public meetings or town hall meetings</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Islamic calligraphy|Islamic calligraphy]] (<nowiki>property that shows the Islamic calligraphy for a person</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Minfin company ID|Minfin company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss Performing Arts vocabularies ID|Swiss Performing Arts vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Doha Dictionary root id|Doha Dictionary root id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sharjah Dictionary root id|Sharjah Dictionary root id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fantacalcio ID|Fantacalcio ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GayCities ID|GayCities ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Washington Blade tag ID|Washington Blade tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IN Magazine tag ID|IN Magazine tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Teen Vogue tag ID|Teen Vogue tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diva tag ID|Diva tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Attitude tag ID|Attitude tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Metro Source tag ID|Metro Source tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PLUS tag ID|PLUS tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wussy Magazine tag ID|Wussy Magazine tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Plant Ontology ID|Plant Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dimensions.com element ID|Dimensions.com element ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISU-Skating.com-Identifikator|ISU-Skating.com-Identifikator]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/AhtV Species of birds and their sounds] ([https://x.com/espejolento/status/1814353851253735846 source]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Art_UK WikiProject Art UK] is an effort to document the various properties and volunteer (art-related) work on Wikidata. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q82069695|SARS-CoV-2 (Q82069695)]] - virus that causes COVID-19 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L303896|øye (L303896)]] - Norwegian noun (ˈœʏə) meaning "organ of sight", "gaze or look", or "point of view" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We developed the first pieces of the edit mode as well as the ability to add statements. You can always follow along on [https://m.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Q424242 beta Wikidata] and find more information on the [[d:Wikidata:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|project page]]. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to look into reducing the number of changes that show up on Wikipedia and co's Recent changes and Watchlist ([[phab:T401284]]) * Federation: We looked at previous requests to add new endpoints to the list of SPARQL endpoints you can federate with and are cleaning up the process for getting new ones added. If you have one you'd like to write federated SPARQL queries to now is a good time to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VYCK46OQWF5IZERU5LFMHDLENI62NQJP/ request them]. * Lexicographical data: You can now limit searches to Lexemes with a Lemma in a specific spelling variant with the '''haslemma''' keywords and to Lexemes with a specific language with the '''in language''' keyword. Examples: [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=lexeme%3Ahaslemma%3Aen-au%2Cen-ca&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1&searchToken=9no6tq1pxsndwkxnvs7p8av0e 1] [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=inlanguage%3Aoc&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns146=1&searchToken=4zxweq7wlit9q2rhcljfk1zp5 2] ([[phab:T271776]]) * GraphQL: We are evaluating feedback we received so far. If you are developing applications with Wikidata's data it'd be great if you could [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL prototype|have a look at the current prototype and provide feedback]]. * Dumps: We are experimenting to see how we can provide smaller subset dumps for Wikidata ([[phab:T400870]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] . [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:30, 1 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29207107 --> == Tech News: 2025-36 == <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:45, 1 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == This Month in Education: August 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 8 • August 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom|Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki|Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins|Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI|Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader|From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators|From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain|Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal|Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network|Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/The brains behind Wikipedia|The brains behind Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers|Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point|Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers|Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University|Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers|St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna|Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education|In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer|Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:16, 2 September 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29205629 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ja:トンスル]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee. Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:28, 8 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #696 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-09-08. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#695]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot:[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/IndExsBot| IndExsBot]] - Task(s): Add Subject external identifier [[d:Property:P12371|IndExs Exsiccata editor ID (P12371)]] to existing persons which are stated in the indexes of [[d:Q125246464|Exsiccatae]] database. ''' Events ''' * Past events: ** The [[:m:WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] conference took place in Berne, Switzerland. It showcased WikiCite-related efforts across multiple wikis, disciplines, languages and countries. Most of it was both streamed and recorded, and the videos are currently being processed. ** The [[:toolforge:scholia/event/Q131386723|SEMANTICS 2025]] conference took place in Vienna, Austria. Wikidata was mentioned in several keynotes and multiple other talks, posters and demos. The poster [[:commons:File:The Wikidata Query Service split and its impact on the scholarly graph - poster at the SEMANTICS 2025 conference.pdf|The Wikidata Query Service split and its impact on the scholarly graph]] zoomed in on the [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS graph split]]. * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday|Wikidata's 13th Birthday]] update: Funding applications are now closed, and the review process is underway. Applicants will be notified about the status of their submissions shortly. Are you planning to organize an event for the birthday but haven’t added it to the calendar yet? You can do so here: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Calendar|Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Calendar]] 🎉 ** The deadline for the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/EPB4LTXZA2FFUINWUC3LAGHYWG6ZED6Y/ Fall 2025 MediaWiki Users & Developers Conference] CfP is extended until September 15th. The conference will be held on October 28 - 30th, and hosted by the TIB Leibniz Centre in Hanover, Germany. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: Past, Present and Future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library: TiagoLubiana reflects on their tenure at the [[d:Q172266|BHL (Q172266)]], integrating the biodiversity collections into the Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Read on Diff Blog] * Papers: Revealing hidden figures within natural history collections by empowering students with data sleuthing skills - Mabry et al.,(2025) [https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nse2.70025 Read here] * Videos: ** WiLES Wikidata Lexicographical Event Semantics modeling for natural languages (LD4 2025) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JAi0p1aJzM YouTube] ** Wikidata presentations and lightning talks (LD4 2025) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Kj_QNklPbs YouTube] ** On Wikiskills 1st Wikidata Training (Africa Wiki Women) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=xnCOBqResik YouTube] ** (French) Lors de la 1ère formation Wikidata de Wikiskills [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=E92TkPJvomY YouTube] ** Plugging into the WikiVerse: A Plug for a Wikidata Plug-in for ArchivesSpace [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2Jwlu_AXcV4 YouTube] * Presentations: ** [[m:WikiCite_2025|WikiCite 2025]] presentation slidedecks can be found linked individually from the [[m:m:WikiCite_2025/Programme|programme page]] or collectively on the [[c:Category:WikiCite_2025_presentation_slides|Commons category]]. ** [https://slides.com/wragge/wikifest-slv-2025 Wikidata / GLAM a few experiments]... by Tim Sherratt showcasing reuse of Wikidata ''' Tool of the week ''' * Dacit is a listening-training app for cochlear implant users, built as part of a Master's Thesis for LMU Munich, it is powered by Wikidata-lexicographical data. Practice with 3 different excercises; identify (German-language) speakers, words and minimal pairs in your [https://dacit.kristbaum.org/ browser] or as an [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kristbaum.dacit&hl=en android app] * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:TomT0m/LexToWiktionary.js LexToWiktonary]is a userscript that adds a Wiktionary links button on Wikidata Lexeme pages. It checks the lemmas of a lexeme, finds matching entries across different Wiktionary language editions, and shows them in a popup for quick access, with an option to expand to all Wiktionaries. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The submission deadline for [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon]] proposals has passed. Proposals that were submitted in time can still be edited until Sep 9. Proposals are hidden by default, but [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025/Submissions|a page for sharing submissions]] is available and can facilitate coordination. * [[mw:Help:Growth/Tools/Help panel|Help Panel]] has been deployed on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page Wikidata Beta].🎉 This is a feature designed to guide contributors with quick links to relevant help pages. It currently appears in read mode across most pages and can be configured by admins. You can enable it in your Beta preferences under "Newcomer features". To help shape its future on Wikidata, we're inviting you to test it and share feedback on [[mw:Help_talk:Growth/Tools/Help_panel|this talk]] page. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P13768|form factor]] (<nowiki>physical design paradigm this object is aligned with</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13751|The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13752|The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13753|Valais cantonal parliament ID]], [[:d:Property:P13754|Arcanes ID]], [[:d:Property:P13755|A Dictionary of Travel and Tourism entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13756|IGDB keyword ID]], [[:d:Property:P13757|A Dictionary of Dentistry entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13758|Record Group Number of the National Archives Administration, National Development Council, Taiwan (R.O.C.)]], [[:d:Property:P13760|A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13761|Doha Dictionary root id]], [[:d:Property:P13762|Sharjah Dictionary root id]], [[:d:Property:P13763|Saulchoir library ID]], [[:d:Property:P13764|Observer tag]], [[:d:Property:P13765|‎Hamburger Frauenbiografien ID]], [[:d:Property:P13766|Ophardt Team Sportevent person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13767|Museum of Fine Arts, Lyon object ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Release date of film|Release date of film]] (<nowiki>The date when a film was first released to the public</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/part number 2|part number 2]] (<nowiki>identifier for a product or part designated by its manufacturer for inventory and ordering purposes</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/backwards compatible with|backwards compatible with]] (<nowiki>backwards compatible with the identified platform, software, or system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/level or map of|level or map of]] (<nowiki>video games that this video game level or map belongs to</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/resistance|resistance]] (<nowiki>Resistance of organisms (systems) to common adverserial influences like pests, pathogens, drugs, attack vectors, ...</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GBFS feed URL|GBFS feed URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a GBFS feed for the bicycle-sharing system</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GENC 3-character code|GENC 3-character code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/L'Équipe athlete ID|L'Équipe athlete ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sancho el Sabio Foundation ID|Sancho el Sabio Foundation ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/British Authors author ID|British Authors author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gamepadla ID|Gamepadla ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VGA Legacy MKIII ID|VGA Legacy MKIII ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Noormags ID|Noormags ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/qamus.inoor.ir entry ID|qamus.inoor.ir entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RSQV ID|RSQV ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Naturalis authority ID|Naturalis authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital Library of the Community of Madrid ID|Digital Library of the Community of Madrid ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Trainspo model ID|Trainspo model ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/FG$r Number of hospital beds] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Request_a_query Source]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_ASBS_2025 WikiProject ASBS 2025] - Aims to Engage the botanical community at the 2025 ASBS Conference to promote and enhance contributions to Wikidata, Wikipedia, and Wikimedia Commons. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L739282|PC (L739282)]] - English noun (ˌpiːˈsiː) meaning "Personal Computer", "Printed Circuit", or "Peace Corps" ''' Development ''' * We're investigate options for improving information saved while publishing ([[phab:T403149]]) * Mobile Editing Experience: we added multi-language support ([[phab:T402630|T402630]]) * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to look into reducing the number of changes that show up on Wikipedia and co's Recent changes and Watchlist from edits to aliases ([[phab:T401288]]), [[m:m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Reduce_change_propagation_noise#More_granular_Alias_tracking|more info]] [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:41, 8 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29224612 --> == ''The Signpost'': 9 September 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/News and notes|Wikimedia Foundation loses a round in court]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/In the media|Congress probes, mayor whitewashed, AI stinks]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Disinformation report|A guide for Congress]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Recent research|Minority-language Wikipedias, and Wikidata for botanists]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Technology report|A new way to read Wikisource]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Traffic report|Check out some new ''Weapons'', weapon of choice]] * Essay: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Essay|The one question]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 01:08, 9 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29233676 --> == Tech News: 2025-37 == <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:09, 9 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VIII, August 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025 in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Expanding Cultural Heritage in Brazil: School communities, Wikisource course, GLAM-Wiki Impact and Wiki Takes Alcântara * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization starts at two more libraries in West Bengal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Grant for GLAM Indonesia is open! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From food festivals to PhD courses: Wikimedia in Italian academia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: NZ species edit-a-thons, a scholarly article, a course, and Auckland Museum editors at Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Highlights from Wiki Heritage Fellowship and Policy Advocacy in Nigeria * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wiki Loves Film – Collaboration with MakeDox Film Festival * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiChełmoński: When Wikipedia Becomes a Guide in the Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: BAM Hackathon, 3D for Cultural Heritage, Wiki Cite * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Working towards more image sharing * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiknics * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: News on BHL transition and updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Steps towards a sustainable cultural commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: A pivotal month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Wikisource Reader app released on Google Play Store * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:25, 11 September 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29253474 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the "Kapsan faction". This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 15 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29249252 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #697 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-09-15. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#696]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Project Chat: [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Multiple_items_linked_to_single_categories,_redux|Multiple items linked to single categories, redux]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series introduces participants to Wikidata/EMCO. The session guides attendees through creating a project and project page, followed by an open working hour for creating and editing in Wikidata and asking questions. Join on Tuesday, September 16th at 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST. More details and Zoom links are on the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/IntroEMCO|project page]]. **[[w:pt:Wikipédia:Edit-a-thon/Atividades em português/Wikidata Lab XLVI|Wikidata Lab XLVI: Wikidata and semantic memory]] (in English). On September 18th, at 17UTC. Live [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1blwYH68xI on Youtube]. ** '''Virtual course: Wikidata and public domain (in Spanish)'''. On September 25th start this online course until March 26, 2026. [https://www.articaonline.com/curso-en-linea-wikidata-y-dominio-publico/ Registration open on this form]. ** [[d:Event:Govdirectory US office hour September 2025|Govdirectory US office hour]], 25 September ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/GM6ODGJLVISTTXGSPPGS6W2TVAPI3QQA/ Apply now: Scholarships for Wikimania 2026 in Paris!] Deadline is October 31, 2025 (anywhere in the world). Notification of decisions will be sent in January 2026. ** Notifications for [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday|Wikidata Thirteenth Birthday]] microgrant applications are currently being sent out in batches. If you are planning to run an event but have not yet added your event to the calendar, please do so here: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday/Calendar|Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday/Calendar]] ** [[d:Event:WikidataCon_2025|WikidataCon 2025]] proposal reviews are about to end. We are currently building an initial programme and will soon inform Speakers before publishing a first Schedule! ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: GLAM Newsletter: Biodiversity Heritage Library update, harvesting Wikidata identifiers and improving the [https://bhl2wiki.herokuapp.com/ BHL2Wiki Tool] - ''[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August_2025/Contents/Biodiversity_Heritage_Library_report|Read the article]]'' * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=kArK6yf4jGA EduWiki Conference - Using AI on Wikipedia and Wikidata Editing for Health Education] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6gjBPOXm-ak Using Duplicity: Link Wikipedia articles to Wikidata Items] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7kNjuXnsa6c How to Get the Used Language in WIKIDATA/SPARQL with [AUTO_LANGUAGE Parameter] ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=JmGNeehrnUc Let's improve information about Carnival on Wikidata] ** Wikidata Lab XLVI: Wikidata and Semantic Memory, don't miss the workshop! (scheduled: 18.09.25, 1700 UTC) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1blwYH68xI&pp=ygUIV2lraWRhdGE%3D YouTube] * WikiCite 2025 Presentations: ** Extracting citation relations from legacy publications, by David Lindeman - [[c:File:Extracting_citation_relations_from_legacy_publications.webm|watch on Commons]] ** A proposal for managing personal collections in Wikidata, by Tania Maio - [[c:File:Maio_Wikicite_2025.webm|watch on Commons]] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://paulina.toolforge.org/ Paulina] is a Wikidata-based tool for the GLAM community that facilitates searching for authors and works, helps identify their copyright status in different countries, and provides access to works when available. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Help us test the new [[mw:Help:Growth/Tools/Help_panel|Help Panel]] feature, now enabled on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page Wikidata Beta] * The Wikimedia Foundation launched a new team, the [[mw:Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform Team]], to lead development and maintenance of query services, aiming for stable, scalable data access in collaboration with WMDE and the community. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13769|open meeting page URL]] (<nowiki>information page describing open meetings, public meetings or town hall meetings</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13773|‎LSF rating]] (<nowiki>Indonesia film classification administered by the Film Censorship Board</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13783|‎designed for handedness]] (<nowiki>hand(s) that this object is intended to be used with</nowiki>) *New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13770|Personnel de l'administration préfectorale depuis 1945 ID]], [[:d:Property:P13771|La Fayette ID]], [[:d:Property:P13772|Harper's tag]], [[:d:Property:P13774|‎TechnoMusicWorld artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P13775|‎TechnoMusicWorld track ID]], [[:d:Property:P13776|‎Serbian settlement ID]], [[:d:Property:P13777|‎setlist.fm festival ID]], [[:d:Property:P13778|ScholarGPS scholar ID]], [[:d:Property:P13779|ScholarGPS institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P13780|ScholarGPS field and discipline ID]], [[:d:Property:P13781|ScholarGPS specialty ID]], [[:d:Property:P13782|The Digital Ark person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13784|MHOBT ID]], [[:d:Property:P13785|Gamepadla ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NRK topic ID|NRK topic ID]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/result of addition|result of addition]] (<nowiki>mathematical result obtained by adding two or more numbers or quantities together</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenStreetMap key|OpenStreetMap key]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Meetup.com Event ID|Meetup.com Event ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biological Imaging Methods Ontology ID|Biological Imaging Methods Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anne Frank House persond ID|Anne Frank House persond ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PortableApps ID|PortableApps ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant Maitron d'une commune|Identifiant Maitron d'une commune]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Library Board Singapore ID (new scheme)|National Library Board Singapore ID (new scheme)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NWO Project ID|NWO Project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenITI Author URI|OpenITI Author URI]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DisplaySpecifications.com model ID|DisplaySpecifications.com model ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/网易云音乐专辑编号|网易云音乐专辑编号]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PnP vendor ID|PnP vendor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PnP device ID|PnP device ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mellopedia|Mellopedia]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/FLRz Artworks owned by Perls Dynasty] - see it visualised on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GPlcOvCVMo&list=PLkHbiY2yRD8rlWkuKf-Utl7GTuW37grZQ&index=5 YouTube] ** [https://w.wiki/tBr BubbleChart of Wikidata Lexeme forms by language] ** [https://w.wiki/FLUM Institutions that host the most UNESCO Memory of the World International Register inscriptions] ([[:d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/memory_of_the_world|Source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:Wikiproject_University_of_Toronto_Libraries_EMCO|University of Toronto Libraries EMCO]], [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Jewish_Studies_and_Jewish_Heritage|Jewish Studies and Heritage]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q6911|Diary of Anne Frank (Q6911)]] - famous diary of a 13-year old Dutch Jewish girl hiding from the Nazis to escape the Holocaust * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]:[[d:Lexeme:L4476|blow (L4476)]] - English verb (bloʊ) meaning "to push air", "to explode", or "to perform fellatio" ''' Development ''' * Scalability/sustainability: We have rolled out changes to minimize the number of entries stored in the recent changes tables of Wikipedia and co that are edits coming from Wikidata. This also reduces the number of changes from Wikidata you will see showing up in Recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co further. * [https://modelcontextprotocol.io MCP] for Wikidata: We are getting it ready for first testing. * Dumps: We are continuing to investigate how to provide smaller/subset dumps. * [[d:Wikidata:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile statement editing]]: We are continuing the work on making statements editable, especially qualifiers and multiple references. * [[d:Q134301689|Anubis (Q134301689)]] anti-bot software was deployed on Wikibase Cloud and XTools to prevent site outages caused by bot traffic. ([[Phab:T399851|T399851]], [[Phab:T400229|T400229]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Japan|Japan]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:51, 15 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29224612 --> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29241745 --> == Tech News: 2025-38 == <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:02, 15 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:45, 22 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29311347 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #698 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-09-22. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#697]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[Event:Exploring Seediq: A Journey through Translation and Linked Data Documentation|Exploring Seediq: A Journey through Translation and Linked Data Documentation]] 25 October .This event will showcase the Seediq communities’ translation of the OCLC white paper on Wikibase, followed by an overview of the full paper. It will conclude with an open discussion on the lessons learned during the translation project and broader reflections on linked data. ** [[d:Event:Govdirectory US office hour September 2025|Govdirectory US office hour]], 25 September ** FREE virtual 1hr Wiki webinar focusing on plant biodiversity. Open to anyone wanting to improve their digital outreach skills by enriching Wikidata. Tuesday 14th of October at 3pm NZST. [https://tepapa.zoom.us/meeting/register/_g4sKy2KTYGMIhtNIAxGeA#/registration Register to get link]. ** [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday|Wikidata’s 13th Birthday]] is just around the corner! Are you planning to host a celebration but haven’t added it to the calendar yet? Join the party! Thirty-nine (39) events are already scheduled, and yours can be too: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Calendar|Birthday Calendar]]. It’s also the perfect time to contribute a birthday present or message to [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages|this list]]. Gifts can be anything that celebrates Wikidata and its amazing community like a script you’ve written, a tool improvement, a visual, a poem... 🎉 ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: (French) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=RbxuPd7eprk Formation Wikidata 2 de WikiSkills] By Africa Wiki Women ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikidata-todo.toolforge.org/duplicity/#/ Duplicity] This tool can pick a random article on a wiki without associated Wikidata item, and offer some possible matches on Wikidata, so you can add it to an existing item, or create a new one. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[phab:T403210|Call for Projects and Mentors for Outreachy Round 31]]! If you have some ideas for coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, outreach, research) projects, share them by Sept. 26, 2025, at 4 pm UTC ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13787|number of ray tracing cores]] (<nowiki>number of ray tracing cores in a graphics processing unit</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13788|VRAM capacity]] (<nowiki>amount of dual-ported video RAM (VRAM) modules used by this device</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13789|‎has wireless capabilities]] (<nowiki>type of wireless connectivity this device has/supports</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13794|date filed]] (<nowiki>filing date for a document, e.g. a patent or court case</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13785|Gamepadla ID]], [[:d:Property:P13786|OpenStreetMap key]], [[:d:Property:P13790|EU-ID]], [[:d:Property:P13791|Roma road ID]], [[:d:Property:P13792|‎LTT Labs product ID]], [[:d:Property:P13793|Swiss Performing Arts Vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Property:P13795|wikiHow article ID]], [[:d:Property:P13796|‎GamesIndustry.biz tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P13797|‎Dimensions.com element ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/image+display resolution|image+display resolution]] (<nowiki>pixel resolution of images generated or captured by this item (camera, software, etc)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/firmware|firmware]] (<nowiki>firmware installed on this hardware</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/excluding work|excluding work]] (<nowiki>work or narration for or in which this statement is <em>false</em></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has grammatical number|has grammatical number]] (<nowiki>grammatical number used in this language</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Day of Reisai|Day of Reisai]] (<nowiki>Annual Festival done by a Shinto Shrine</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/https://football.aek.com/|https://football.aek.com/]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Météo-France place ID|Météo-France place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hex package|Hex package]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Maptons ID|Maptons ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BVPB catalog ID|BVPB catalog ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dati.lnb.lv ID|dati.lnb.lv ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Needle Drop tag ID|The Needle Drop tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AfterEllen tag ID|AfterEllen tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenStreetMap relation type|OpenStreetMap relation type]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Them.us tag ID|Them.us tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DOAB book ID|DOAB book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Liste unique des décorés|identifiant Liste unique des décorés]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deník tag ID|Deník tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture entry ID|The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/qamus.inoor.ir root ID|qamus.inoor.ir root ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmarks ID|Filmarks ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/FLJ7 A map of IEC 60320 power connectors] - a cool SPARQL visualisation, by [[d:User:IagoQnsi|User:IagoQnsi]] ** [https://w.wiki/FN5J 350 people who were married, then married the sibling of their previous spouse] ([https://bsky.app/profile/magnusmanske.wikis.world.ap.brid.gy/post/3lz4kuxvpcn62 source]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q33947|Northern Sami (Q33947)]] - famoumost widely spoken of all Sámi languages * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L37547|Waage (L37547)]] – German noun (‘ˈvaːɡə’) meaning "scale (device for measuring mass)", "Libra constellation", or "equilibrium" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We are working more on the editing state of statements, especially qualifiers and progress indicators during saving ([[phab:T402620]]) * Dumps: We fixed an issue with some of the dumps ([[phab:T403882]]) and are improving the monitoring * GraphQL: We are working on making it easier to get labels of linked entities in an API response, starting with Items ([[phab:T404692]]) * Sustainability: We have now rolled out improvements to the tracking of Wikidata changes on the other Wikimedia projects on all projects in order to decrease the size of the database table that tracks these changes ([[phab:T401288]]) * Bug fixes: Tacsipacsi submitted fixes for two issues in error messages on Special:SetSiteLink. Thank you! ([[phab:T404499]], [[phab:T404500]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/United_States_of_America|United States of America]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:17, 22 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> [[Category:Wikidata status updates| ]] <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29288740 --> == Tech News: 2025-39 == <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 22 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == Users unable to create new pages on [[Wy/ff]] == Hello sir, can you help check this [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Error_in_Wikivoyage_Fulfulde_Incubator_(Wy/ff) this complain] please. Many of our community members are having this issue. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|talk]]) 09:38, 27 September 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] Probably you need to as this problem at [[I:AN]]? [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 21:32, 27 September 2025 (UTC) ::The complain was posted there already by another user. I followed-up here thinking it might help in attending to the issue as quickly as possible. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|talk]]) 08:51, 28 September 2025 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori. Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:58, 29 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #699 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-09-29. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#698]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Empat_Tilda|Empat Tilda]]: RfP scheduled to end after 3 October 2025 18:30 (UTC) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[d:Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! Mark your calendars for our first session of our WikiProject Personal Pronouns event series, which will provide a high-level overview of WikiProject Personal Pronouns' goals, past work, and implementation plans. The session will also serve as a practical orientation to the implementation work for this project, ending with a demonstration of the workflow to be used in subsequent sessions. No previous Wikidata experience is needed to participate. This session will be recorded. Slides and recordings will be found on the project page after the session. Join us Tuesday, September 30th at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=LD4+Wikidata+Affinity+Group+Project+Series+Call&iso=20250930T09&p1=234&ah=1 Time zone converter]). Please see our [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/PersonalPronouns|project page]] for more information and Zoom links. ** Wikidata are hosting a [[d:Event:Embedding_Project_Webinar|webinar on the Embedding Project]]: AI/ML Project Manager Philippe Saadé (WMDE) will introduce the project, including early experiences, wins and pitfalls, and open up the floor to your questions. *** Takes place 1600 - 1700 UTC, October 9, 2025. *** Embedding Project? [[d:Wikidata:Embedding_Project|Read about it here]] *** Want to join the Webinar? [[d:Special:EventDetails/2196|Please register here with your Wiki account]] ** 🎁 Countdown to 13!🎁 Wikidata's 13th Birthday is fast approaching and this week marks the start of the first Birthday Events! For a full rundown of all Birthday Events, please see the [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday/Calendar|Birthday Calendar]].<br> Starting the month of celebrations this week include: Wali Wikimedians Community, Latin America in Wikidata 2025, Hausa Wikipedians User Group and the language communities of Zambia, Twi and Kinyarwanda and regional celebrations from the Northern Nigerian, Dagbani and Ghanaians Wikimedian communities! ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://tech-news.wikimedia.de/2025/09/19/enhanced-search-for-wikibase/ Enhanced Search for Wikibase] ** [https://cthoyt.com/2025/09/25/enriching-ror-with-wikidata.html Suggesting new relations in ROR from Wikidata] By Charles Tapley Hoyt * Papers: ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.15501 Protoknowledge Shapes Behaviour of LLMs: Text-to-SPARQL] ** [https://orb.binghamton.edu/librarian_fac/117/ Wikidata Workflows: with ORCiD and OpenRefine - a Binghamton University Case Study] By Sasha Frizzell - This lightning talk outlines Binghamton University Libraries’ pilot project to convert ORCID faculty data into Wikidata entries, showcasing linked data integration, data cleaning workflows, and strategies for enhancing institutional research visibility. * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PJSWWGuPzJE Wikidata tutorial: how to merge duplicate items] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=DeHIq3wX7GE Wikidata Wikishootme SAT] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=gEVKAoQc0jM How to Fetch Subclasses and Parent Classes in Wikidata SPARQL Queries] ** (Portuguese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=41FtK-tbrK4 Black women in history through Wikidata] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkUjnDEZuYU Provenance and Restitution: Shared knowledge graphs as a tool in recovering looted cultural heritage] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Jon_Harald_S%C3%B8by/senseItemLabel.js senseItemLabel] is a UserScript by [[User:Jon Harald Søby]] The Script Lets you add the lemma for the current lexeme as a label to items added to the lexeme's senses as [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P5137 item for this sense (P5137)] in one click. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * If you've noticed a performance issue with Magnus Manske's MixMatch gagdet, [[d:User:IagoQnsi|User:IagoQnsi]] has suggested a fix, the comment and code is available from [[d:User_talk:Magnus_Manske/mixnmatch_gadget.js#Performance_fix|Talk:Magnus Manske#MixMatch performance]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13801|‎Lemmy instance URL]] (<nowiki>the Lemmy instance of or about the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13802|‎part number]] (<nowiki>identifier for a product or part designated by its manufacturer for inventory and ordering purposes</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13798|Noormags ID]], [[:d:Property:P13799|PnP device ID]], [[:d:Property:P13800|PnP vendor ID]], [[:d:Property:P13803|‎GENC 3-character code]], [[:d:Property:P13804|‎Sancho el Sabio Foundation ID]], [[:d:Property:P13805|‎British Authors author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13806|VGA Legacy MKIII graphics card ID]], [[:d:Property:P13807|‎qamus.inoor.ir entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13808|PortableApps ID]], [[:d:Property:P13809|Chinese Engineers Relational Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13810|‎DisplaySpecifications.com model ID]], [[:d:Property:P13811|Vix Vocal work id]], [[:d:Property:P13812|Naturalis author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum supported display resolution|maximum supported display resolution]] (<nowiki>maximum pixel resolution that this computing hardware or technological standard supports</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/cookie policy|cookie policy]] (<nowiki>cookie policy of this website, software or digital product</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/yayasan ID|yayasan ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for Indonesian foundation on vervalyayasan.data.kemdikbud.go.id</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/luminance|luminance]] (<nowiki>measured quantity of photometric brightness (luminous intensity per area)</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmarks ID|Filmarks ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Medicin.dk disorder ID|Medicin.dk disorder ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Interaktionsdatabasen ID|Interaktionsdatabasen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition entry ID|A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenStreetMap role|OpenStreetMap role]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TechPowerUp CPU Specs Database ID|TechPowerUp CPU Specs Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GPUZoo ID|GPUZoo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CPU-World ID|CPU-World ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adebiportal author|Adebiportal author]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RIA Novosti person ID|RIA Novosti person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion entry ID|The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Qalamger.kz author ID|Qalamger.kz author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Does the Dog Die? media ID|Does the Dog Die? media ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sultanlar Ligi player ID|Sultanlar Ligi player ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/FRz9 maps of running and closed railway stations in Denmark] ** [https://w.wiki/FUDK Formula One Teams by employee count] - source: Discord * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Piano_Rolls|Piano Rolls]] - has bee greatly expanded and subpages added. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Open_Topstukken_Maastricht_University_and_Radboud_University/Manual|Open Topstukken Maastricht University and Radboud University]] - A user manual for contributing. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q1059888|Because You Left (Q1059888)]] - episode of Lost (S5 E1) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]:[[d:Lexeme:L298686|Knoten (L298686)]] - German noun (ˈknoːtn̩) meaning "tied fastening of ropes/strings", "speed unit in aviation/shipping", or "tangled clump of hair" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We continue to make good progress, which you can check out on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Q593112&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile beta Wikidata]. Specifically it is now possible to ** save changes to edits made to string Properties on statements (without losing qualifier / reference information) ([[phab:T401405]]) ** change the rank of statements ([[phab:T402436]]) * Query Service UI: jhsoby submitted patches for two issues related to the example dialog. Thank you! ([[phab:T405747]], [[phab:T405720]]) * Lexicographical data: 1F616EMO submitted a patch to fix a localization issue on the Lexeme page. Thank you! ([[phab:T322526]]) * Dumps: We fixed issues with the n-triples and truthy dumps generation and set up a [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/6c666ea5-01de-4325-9c32-41ee09882368/wikidata-data-dumps-monitoring?orgId=1&from=now-90d&to=now&timezone=utc dashboard for monitoring] ([[phab:T403882]]) * GraphQL: We are continuing to make labels of linked entities accessible in the GraphQL endpoint ([[phab:T404692]]) * Wikidata in Wikipedia and co: We are continuing to work on improvements to how we technically track the use of Wikidata in the other Wikimedia projects in order to reduce the amount of changes from Wikidata in the watchlist and recent changes on Wikipedia and co. * Wikidata Query Service GUI: We deployed two fixes by [[:d:User:Jon Harald Søby|User:Jon Harald Søby]], thank you! ([[phab:T405720]], [[phab:T405747]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:55, 29 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29355234 --> == Tech News: 2025-40 == <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:47, 29 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == ''The Signpost'': 2 October 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/News and notes|Larry Sanger returns with "Nine Theses on Wikipedia"; WMF publishes transparency report]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/In the media|Extraordinary eruption of "EVIL" explained]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Disinformation report|Emails from a paid editing client]] * Discussion report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Discussion report|Sourcing, conduct, policy and LLMs: another 1,339 threads analyzed]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Community view|The pressing questions of the modern WWW, as seen from the Village Pump]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Recent research|Is Wikipedia a merchant of (non-)doubt for glyphosate?; eight projects awarded Wikimedia Research Fund grants]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Opinion|Some disputes aren't worth it]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Obituary|Michael Q. Schmidt]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Traffic report|Death, hear me call your name]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Comix|A grand spectacle]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 06:54, 2 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29367448 --> == This Month in Education: September 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 9 • September 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination|Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners|CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025|2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište|Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters|Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach |Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan|Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia|Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Monográfico sobre Wikipedia en el aula, Revista Docere|Monograph on Wikipedia in the classroom, Docere Magazine]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan|The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025|The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes|Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cultura libre en las aulas|Free culture in the classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs|Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:10, 2 October 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29344785 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:48, 6 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #700 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-10-06. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#699]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[d:Event:WikidataCon_2025|WikidataCon 2025]] - The first version of the conference schedule has been released! See the Event page for links to the schedule (and to register if you haven't already). ** [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday/Calendar|13th Birthday Events]] - check the calendar to see which Birthday events are happening this week! ** [[d:Event:Embedding_Project_Webinar|Webinar: Embedding Project]] - join us this week, October 9 1600 ~ 1700 UTC, to hear a presentation and then pose your questions regarding the [[d:Wikidata:Embedding_Project|Embedding Project]] ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1760544000 18:00 CEST], 15th October 2025 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. * Past events: ** Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 - Learning Day (September 25, at the Goethe Institut in Thessaloniki): the main topic was Wikidata and libraries; the program and the materials of the hands-on session are available in the [[:meta:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025/Learning Day|Meta page]], the slides of the presentations are available in the [[:commons:Category:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 Learning Day presentations|Commons category]] ** Convegno NILDE (October 2-3, University of Genoa; [https://convegnonilde2025.unige.it/ website]): in the first session, regarding ''Il futuro dei cataloghi'' [The future of the catalogs], many presentations (in Italian) have mentioned the use of Wikidata in collective library catalogs; the proceedings of the conference (in Italian) will be published in open access in early 2026: *** [[User:LiaFla|Lianna D'Amato]] and Emanuela Secinaro, ''Cobis LOD: integrare e aumentare i cataloghi eterogenei delle biblioteche specialistiche'' [Cobis LOD: Integrating and Enhancing the Heterogeneous Catalogs of Specialized Libraries] ([[:commons:File:Convegno NILDE 2 10 2025 CoBiSLOD Integrare e aumentare i cataloghi eterogenei delle biblioteche specialistiche.pptx.pdf|slides]]) *** [[User:Bargioni|Stefano Bargioni]], ''La catalogazione per entità, esperienze pratiche della rete URBE con Parsifal'' [Entity cataloging: practical experiences of the URBE network with Parsifal] ([[:commons:File:La catalogazione per entità - esperienze pratiche della rete URBE con Parsifal.pdf|slides]]; [[:d:Wikidata:Gruppo Wikidata per Musei, Archivi e Biblioteche/Parsifal|Wikidata project page]]) *** Elena Ravelli e [[User:Epìdosis|Camillo Pellizzari]], ''Authority file di SBN e Wikidata: un esempio di interoperabilità e riutilizzo dei dati'' [SBN Authority File and Wikidata: An Example of Data Interoperability and Reuse] ([[:commons:File:Authority file di SBN e Wikidata - un esempio di interoperabilità e riutilizzo dei dati.pdf|slides]]; [[:d:Wikidata:Gruppo Wikidata per Musei, Archivi e Biblioteche/SBN|Wikidata project page]]) ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [[:diffblog:2025/09/29/building-wikidata-capacity-in-east-africa-insights-from-wikimedia-deutschlands-outreach|Diff: Building Wikidatacapacity in East Africa]] - Wikimedia Deutschland’s 2025 outreach initiative expanded Wikidata capacity in East Africa by training nearly 100 local Wikimedians across 13 countries, and fostering a new network of regional Wikidata champions * Press: [[d:Wikidata:Embedding_Project/October_1_2025_Release|A milestone for open AI: The Wikidata Embedding Project goes live]], read also in [https://blog.wikimedia.de/2025/10/01/wikidata-embedding-projekt-geht-live/ Deutsch] / [https://www.theverge.com/news/789288/wikidata-ai-friendly-database?trk=feed_main-feed-card_feed-article-content TheVerge] and [https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/01/new-project-makes-wikipedia-data-more-accessible-to-ai/ TechCrunch] blogs. * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=tHsW99zKt3s Africa Wiki Women - Wikidata Birthday Launch Celebration 2025] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=_nbI8hkRAvA SAT - Wikidata - OSM - länkade data] By Magnus Sälgö ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=jdiqm8VqFQM Roman Provinces Project (RPP) WikiDataTraining (add WMC image)] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ztx208Nhtco Wikidata and public domain - Clase 1] (Spanish) By Wikimedistas de Uruguay ** [https://www.youtube.com/live/kJ6DyZes_rU Open Tool Registries:] Resolving the Directory Paradox with Wikidata - Livestream (today!) Oct 6, 16:00 - 17:00 CEST. (Maybe in German but description is English) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:GZWDer/newentity.js Script newentity.js] is a UserScript by [[User:GZWDer|GZWDer]] it helps to generates new items (including lexemes) from the given JSON object. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The Wikidata Team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to talk to developers who use Wikidata’s data dumps, or have tried using them but ran into challenges. Your feedback will help us make data dumps easier and more reliable to use. If you’re open to chatting, we’ll schedule a 60-minute user interview. As a thank-you for your time, you’ll be eligible for compensation. Sign up [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/datadumpsinterviews here]. * For anyone interested in open and interoperable data, the DCMI 2025 Conference might be interesting. More information and registration [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/ here]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13814|calligraphy]] (<nowiki>calligraphy of this person</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13826|cookie policy URL]] (<nowiki>cookie policy of this website, software or digital product</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13815|‎TechnoMusicWorld release ID]], [[:d:Property:P13816|Biblioteca Digital de la Comunidad de Madrid ID]], [[:d:Property:P13817|‎Trainspo model ID]], [[:d:Property:P13818|AGORHA UUID]], [[:d:Property:P13819|‎Biological Imaging Methods Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P13820|‎Anne Frank House person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13821|Maitron municipality ID]], [[:d:Property:P13822|National Library Board Singapore ID]], [[:d:Property:P13823|Euploos Project ID]], [[:d:Property:P13824|SpaceReference.org celestial object ID]], [[:d:Property:P13825|Hex package]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/formally denounced by|formally denounced by]] (<nowiki>person or organization which has publicly issued or enacted a denunciation of this item</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/code of conduct|code of conduct]] (<nowiki>URL of a resource that contains the Code of Conduct of a project or organization</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/award judge|award judge]] (<nowiki>judges for an award</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/start and end work|start and end work]] (<nowiki>work in which this statement begins to be valid</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Organ Index ID|Organ Index ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BLGBL ID|BLGBL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/American Kennel Club ID|American Kennel Club ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CRT Database model ID|CRT Database model ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Jeune Afrique country ID|Jeune Afrique country ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vocabulary.com word ID|Vocabulary.com word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Newegg item ID|Newegg item ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Catalogue of sundials ID|Catalogue of sundials ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BeWeb historical or artistic asset ID|BeWeb historical or artistic asset ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PriceRunner product ID|PriceRunner product ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SofaScore sports team ID|SofaScore sports team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FootballFakts.ru football match ID|FootballFakts.ru football match ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kicker sports match ID|Kicker sports match ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BDFutbol match ID|BDFutbol match ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foot Mercato players ID|Foot Mercato players ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Meetup.com Event ID|Meetup.com Event ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mapillary username|Mapillary username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Soccerway player ID 2025|Soccerway player ID 2025]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/FZVe Lexemes in sign languages] ([https://t.me/c/1325756915/37121 source]) ** [https://query-chest.toolforge.org/redirect/CobTPdZHuKiwo8KyYsEqCSiqiSasg84AikQ8wsqE2qp List of films available for free on YouTube] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#List_of_films_available_for_free_on_YouTube|source]]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q8620|Kwame Nkrumah (Q8620)]] - Ghanaian pan-Africanist and the first Prime Minister and President of Ghana (1909-1972) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L22859|delve (L22859)]] – English verb (/dɛlv/) meaning "to investigate thoroughly", "to dig physically", or "to discuss in detail ''' Development ''' * The <code><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> [[:mw:Help:Magic words|magic word]] is now enabled on Wikidata and Test Wikidata. It can be used to display templates in the user interface language, replacing the previous <code><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code> hack. ([[phab:T405830]]) GraphQL: We have continued working on the functionality that provides labels of linked entities * Wikidata vector embedding and MCP: We have released the [[d:Wikidata:Embedding Project|vector embedding]] and [[d:Wikidata:MCP|MCP]] * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: ** We are continuing the rollout of improvements to ow we track Wikidata changes in Wikipedia's watchlist and recent changes in order to reduce the size of the database table and reduce the noise on editors' watchlists. ([[phab:T401288]], [[phab:T401290]]) ** We are working on some improvements to the Databox module and template ([[phab:T400322]]) * Mobile statement editing: ** We improved the display of qualifiers and made it possible to add qualifiers (editing will still come) as well as the value type (value/some value/no value) ([[phab:T404991]], [[phab:T404956]], [[phab:T402431]], [[phab:T403246]]) ** We are working on adding editing support for more datatypes (tabular data and geoshape) ([[phab:T403973]]) ** We are working on making it possible to edit references ([[phab:T402433]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/United States of America/North Carolina|North Carolina]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:10, 6 October 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29377585 --> == Tech News: 2025-41 == <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue IX, September 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia edit-a-thon at the Skampa Theater in Elbasan, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba Initiative: Building Knowledge and Visibility * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: State Library Victoria WikiFest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Make cultural heritage freely accessible, Hasselt's collections shine online & Let's give women a voice on Wikipedia! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Hidden heritage unveiled: science, history and nature on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wikimedia Commons birthday content donation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at the Bioeconomy Science Institute & Wikiproject NZ Women in Architecture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Expanding Access to Culture and Knowledge through Key Partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiChełmoński: the Special Guided Tour at the National Museum in Krakow * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025: Join the Conference Online and Explore Lisbon’s Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: LibreABC, Feminist Voices, Grade Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Awards season * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: September edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: The Memory of the World wiki challenge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:46, 9 October 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29409147 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:06, 13 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #701 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-10-13. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#700]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/DifoolBot_7|DifoolBot 7]] - closed as approved. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session: Tuesday 14 Oct, 2025 from 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1760457600 click for your Time zone]) WikiProject Personal Pronouns members will lead three implementation sessions to improve the data modeling and ethics of personal pronoun representation in Wikidata based on newly-established best practices and Wikidata policy by remediating legacy statements with participants. No prior Wikidata experience required. More info on the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/PersonalPronouns|Personal Pronouns]] event page. ** Upcoming LD4 Affinity Group sessions: Oct 14, Nov 25, Dec 9, at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 4pm UTC / 6pm CEST. ** Wikidata + Wikibase Office Hour, join us in the [https://t.me/joinchat/AZriqUj5UajwQxn1aZ9WOg Wikidata Telegram] channel for our Quarterly roundup of what's been happening with Wikidata and Wikibase. If you can't make it, [[d:Wikidata:Events/Telegram_office_hour_2025-10-15|read the transcript later]]. Oct 15, 18:00 - 19:00 CEST (UTC 16:00 - 17:00). ** The Next Wikimedia Research Showcase is [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1760545800 Wednesday, October 15, at 9:30 AM PT / 16:30 UTC]. The theme is "Celebrating 13 Years: Wikidata’s Role in Learning and Culture". Watch via the [https://www.youtube.com/live/3NMOvOUCd8Q YouTube stream]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/blogs/research-projects/developing-an-enhanced-dataset-for-the-history-of-photography/ Developing an enhanced dataset for the history of Photography] - National Archives researchers used Wikidata during a hackathon to link people and places from 19th-century photographic copyright records, enriching the archive’s metadata through linked open data. ** [https://mpjuhasz.com/posts/influenced_by/ Viusalisations of Philosophers Influence in history] - Take a look if you're interested in the history of philosophy, temporal graphs, or Wikidata! * Videos: ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1EIdotXpus How to identify and fill information gaps in Wikidata Tabernacle and Integrality] - In preparation for Latin America month on Wikidata, this tutorial will introduce the Tabernacle and Intergraality tools. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmCbUfx_FAg Curationist: 2024 Metadata Learning and Unlearning Summit] - Curationist researches and debates on transitioning to a Wikidata/Wikibase style of schema for its images of digital open-access collections. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BwXe_D_GTw Data Ethics and Open Science] - At 19:00 of the video, Lambert Heller discusses using Wikidata, and later Wikibase for the NFDI4 Culture Proposal. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sdbHqeZpbY Linked Open Data Location Identifiers for Pacific Archaeology] - Hardy & Leclerc at the CAA Australia conference show how Wikidata identifiers enrich Kuden and Pacific island databses. * Presentations: [[c:File:Webinar_Oct_2025_-_Wikidata_Embedding_Project.pdf|Slides for the Wikidata: Embedding Project Webinar presentation]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Magnus_Manske/wikidata_useful.js Wikidata Useful] is a UserScript by [[User:Magnus_Manske|Magnus Manske]] that adds a box of quick "add statement" links to the right side of the page. Entity and phylogeny types, countries (location and citizenship). Also, tries to load and display a blurb from en or de Wikipedia. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The 2024 Wikidata Community Survey results are out! Read the full report on Commons: [[commons:File:Wikidata Community Survey 2024 Report.pdf|Wikidata Community Survey 2024 Report]]. If you have any thoughts or questions feel free to write on this discussion page: [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/2024-Community-Survey|Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/2024-Community-Survey]] * Wikimedia Deutschland is seeking feedback on the [[d:Wikidata:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements#How_you_can_help|Mobile Editing Experience prototype]], especially from contributors who edit right-to-left (RTL) languages like Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Urdu, etc. We’ve already received helpful input from various editors, but feedback from RTL language communities is still missing. Your perspective is important to ensure the design works well for everyone. Please go to [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page Beta Wikidata] (in mobile view) to test the prototype with the instructions below and share your feedback on [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|this talk page]]. ** Add "businessperson" as an occupation ** Add a start date to the relationship with A$AP Rocky and provide a reference ** Find the place of birth (Saint Michael) and open that page ** Add the coordinate location for Saint Michael ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13828|luminance]] (<nowiki>measured quantity of photometric brightness (luminous intensity per area)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13829|excluding work]] (<nowiki>work or narration for or in which this statement is false</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13838|intervener]] (<nowiki>name of a third-party group or person allowed to participate in a legal case</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13827|NWO project ID]], [[:d:Property:P13830|Vocabulary.com word ID]], [[:d:Property:P13831|Fnac person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13832|African Music Library band ID]], [[:d:Property:P13833|‎Spanish-German Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P13834|‎Encyclopedia of Marxism ID]], [[:d:Property:P13835|Kulturenvanteri place ID]], [[:d:Property:P13836|Encyclopædia Universalis index ID]], [[:d:Property:P13837|ISFDB award category ID]], [[:d:Property:P13839|‎CCCA Canadian Art Database work ID]], [[:d:Property:P13840|‎CCCA Canadian Art Database creator ID]], [[:d:Property:P13841|CPU-World ID]], [[:d:Property:P13842|AMNH entity ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NZ Charities Register Number|NZ Charities Register Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Memorial Book of Social Democracy-ID|Memorial Book of Social Democracy-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Almería identifier|Biographical Dictionary of Almería identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Operabase (additional) ID|Operabase (additional) ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NLAI ID|NLAI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA group ID|SIK-ISEA group ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikimini article ID|Wikimini article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain entry ID|Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts ID|The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Antique Chinese and Japanese Porcelain Dictionary and Glossary of Terms entry|Antique Chinese and Japanese Porcelain Dictionary and Glossary of Terms entry]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmfriend Movie ID|Filmfriend Movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schulnummer Hessen|Schulnummer Hessen]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ The Oxford Dictionary of Dance entry ID| The Oxford Dictionary of Dance entry ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/6TNS What Wikidata album languages grew the most this week?] ([https://wikis.world/@moebeus@mastodon.online/113057841265159018 source]) ** [https://edu.nl/y38rg Example query to show why papers cite each other] ([https://wikis.world/@egonw@social.edu.nl/112943938308855780 source]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q15625490|Biodiversity Assessment of the Fishes of Saba Bank Atoll, Netherlands Antilles (Q15625490)]] - scholarly article by Williams, Jeffrey et al., 2010 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Lexeme:L339628| pukka (L339628)]] - English adjective (puh-kuh) that can mean "genuine", "highest class", or "complete" ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration on Wikipedia and co: ** We finished work on adding an icon to changes coming from Wikidata in recent changes and watchlist ([[phab:T397258]]) ** We are finishing work on a new usage aspect for qualifiers and references so their use can be tracked separately. This will lead to less Wikidata changes showing up in recent changes and watchlist that don't actually affect the article ([[phab:T397258]]) ** We are continuing the work on improving Databox ([[phab:T400322]]) * GraphQL: We are continuing to work on making labels of linked entities in the values of statements accessible ([[phab:T404692]]) * Mobile statement editing: We have been working on showing the different value types ([[phab:T404684]]) and making references editable ([[phab:T405236]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] .[[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:20, 13 October 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29437158 --> == Tech News: 2025-42 == <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:55, 13 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' "Final Solution" to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:04, 20 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29452019 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #702 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-10-20. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#701]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Ternera|Ternera]] - RfP scheduled to end after 23 October 2025 16:10 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot|Rebot]] - Task: Make changes in [https://w.wiki/Fed9 w.wiki/Fed9], such as changing [[d:Property:P180|depicts (P180)]] = [[d:Q181916|herbarium (Q181916)]] to [[d:Q61726742|herbarium specimen (Q61726742)]]. ''' Events ''' * Upcoming: ** WikidataCon 2025: [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/schedule/ Have you seen the Program yet?]<br>Available now on Pretalx, check now and plan your schedule. ** 🎉 Wikidata's 13th Birthday! Join us online, October 29 17:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1761757200 in your timezone]) for presents, birthday messages, games...and a 📣'''surprise announcement''' (don't miss it!). 🎁 Add your own gifts to the list - anything that celebrates Wikidata and its amazing community... a script you’ve written, tool improvement, visual, poem...the sky's the limit.<br>Get the call link here: [[d:Event:Wikidata Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages call|13th Birthday Presents & Messages call]]. ** The Dublin Core [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/ DCMI 2025] conference will take place in Barcelona, Oct 22-25. *** [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/sessions/papers-metadata-quality-bibframe/#reczeEWTeASPr4XmW Presentation]: ''Derivative Relationships and Bibliographic Families Among Creative Works: A Systematic Study of Their Application by the Wikidata Community from the FRBR and BIBFRAME Perspective'' *** [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/sessions/workshop-web-app-to-static-site/#session-information Workshop] by [[d:User:Jneubert|Jneubert]] on converting a complex web application into a large static site integrated with Wikidata *** [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/sessions/tutorial-shaping-linked-data-knowledge-graphs/#session-information Tutorial] from [[d:User:Jelabra|Jelabra]] on shaping linked data and knowledge graphs. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJQ7JxQ0XBg Wikidata Lab XLVII: Wiki Infographics], about a [[toolforge:infographics|tool]] for data visualization. On October 21, 17 UTC. ** [https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2026:Scholarships Wikimania 2026 Scholarships are open]! Deadline is Friday, October 31st, 2025. ** [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Event:Wikidata_13th_Birthday_Celebration_in_Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group Wikidata 13th birthday celebration in the Igbo Wikimedians User Group] on October 24 and 25, 2025 *Past: ** Missed the Q4 Wikidata+Wikibase office hour? You can catch up by reading the session log here: [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events/Telegram office hour 2025-10-15|2025-10-15 (Q4 2025)]] ** [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Event:Wikidata_13th_birthday_celebration_in_the_WUGN_Abuja_Network Wikidata 13th birthday celebration in the WUGN Abuja Network] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: (Finnish) [https://piilotettuaarre.blogspot.com/2025/10/wikidatasta-vauhtia-geo-eli.html From Wikidata to GEO (AI) optimization?] by Johanna Janhonen * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=E6cYJ9kfFBE Genealogical tree creation with Wikidata] - by Thimira Sahan ** (Chinese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=35Z1IoXA7t8 Wikidata 13 週年聚會暨 OpenRefine 工作坊] - by Wikidata Taiwan ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=pFWfJIEs6Bw Taller en línea: Introducción a Wikidata y Wikibase] by bibliotecasUNAM ** Wikimedia Research Showcase: [https://www.youtube.com/live/3NMOvOUCd8Q Celebrating 13 Years: Wikidata’s Role in Learning and Culture] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://affandymurad.github.io/wikilokal/ WikiLokal] - The tool uses your device location to find Wikidata Items and Wikipedia articles within a 3 kilometre radius of your location. Created by [[m:User:Affandy_Murad|User:Affandy Murad]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Project Chat: ** [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Help_us_decide_the_name_of_the_new_Abstract_Wikipedia_project|Help choose a name for the Abstract Wikipedia Project]] - combining WikiFunctions and Wikidata, a voting contest will run from Oct 20 - Nov 17, 2025. ** [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#How_can_Wikidata_be_useful_IRL_if_it_has_less_data_than_Wikipedia?|How can Wikidata be useful IRL if it has less data than Wikipedia?]] - an ongoing discussion touching on data scraping tools such as [https://github.com/Pascalco/harvesttemplates Harvest templates (github)] and data consistency between Wikipedia and Wikidata in places such as Infoboxes. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P13847|organizational chart]] (<nowiki>image that displays the structure of this organization or government agency and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions/jobs</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13843|The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13844|TechPowerUp CPU Specs Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13845|Catalogue of sundials ID]], [[:d:Property:P13846|A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13848|GPUZoo ID]], [[:d:Property:P13849|NetEase Music album ID]], [[:d:Property:P13850|Corporation Number in Canada]], [[:d:Property:P13851|Biographical Dictionary of Almería identifier]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/image of outdoor seating|image of outdoor seating]] (<nowiki>an image of the outdoor seating</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Elo rating (rapid)|Elo rating (rapid)]] (<nowiki>Current or historical Elo rating of a player in rapid time control chess games</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ECHL profile ID|ECHL profile ID]] (<nowiki>Id (number) used by ECHL on their website ehcl.com. URL takes a slug.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/award category or rank|award category or rank]] (<nowiki>(qualifier of P166) specific category or rank of an award received, for awards with more than one category or rank</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/public key|public key]] (<nowiki>cryptographic public key (some ASCII encoding of it)</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schulnummer Sachsen|Schulnummer Sachsen]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Team Austria ID|Team Austria ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IFES Election Guide ID|IFES Election Guide ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BNB agent ID|BNB agent ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Arte de la Argentina ID|Arte de la Argentina ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Democratic Memory Bank ID|Democratic Memory Bank ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kicker competition ID|Kicker competition ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Soccer365.net team ID|Soccer365.net team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LUDAP|LUDAP]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Genbu.net ID|Genbu.net ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ztgd.com|ztgd.com]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISTAMPIE entity|ISTAMPIE entity]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MIT Press edition id|MIT Press edition id]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/FkPH List of Airports/Airstrips in Florida, USA] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_IDEA/Translation_Work|WikiProject IDEA (translation tasks)]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/South_Korea|Govdirectory South Korea]] was created. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q24101|Jagiellonian Library (Q24101)]] - library of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L762994|led (L762994)]] - Norwegian Nynorsk noun (leː) meaning "a joint between bones", "a movable body part", or "a generation" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We made progress on support for more datatypes for editing. * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: ** We are investigating an issue with infoboxes using data from Wikidata after some recent changes to usage tracking ([[phab:T407684]]) ** We are working on more improvements to the Databox module * Ontology federation: We are starting to work on making it possible for other Wikibase instances to use Wikidata's Items as values in their statements. This expands on previous work around federated properties. * Dumps: We have worked on fixing issues with the dumps that were failing recently. They should now be generated again and we continue to look into the cause. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Bahamas|Bahamas]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:29, 20 October 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29437158 --> == Tech News: 2025-43 == <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 20 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == ''The Signpost'': 20 October 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/News and notes|Board shuffles, LLM blocks increase, IPs are going away]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/Special report|The election that isn't]] * Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/Interview|The BoT bump]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/In the media|An incident at WikiConference North America; WMF reports AI-related traffic drop and explains Wikipedia to US conservatives]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/Traffic report|One click after another]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/Humour|Wikipedia pay rates]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 22:45, 20 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29377595 --> == Growth News #35 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Growth team logo - Icon only.svg|right|frameless|class=skin-invert]] ''A quarterly update from the Growth team on our work to improve the new editor experience.'' === New releases === ==== English Wikipedia gets "Add a Link" Structured Task ==== We [[w:Wikipedia_talk:Growth_Team_features#"Add_a_link"_experiment_and_next_steps|released]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link|"Add a Link" Structured Task]] to 100% of accounts at English Wikipedia on Tuesday, September 2nd (before then it was available to 20% of accounts). ==== Growth features for Wikidata ==== After examining if the Growth features and Mentorship could be adapted to Wikidata, we activated the Growth features on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page Beta Wikidata] to allow for testing and discussion ([[phab:T400937|T400937]]). Although some features, like Suggested Edits, are Wikipedia-specific, the Growth team designed most features to be more wiki-agnostic. === Work in progress === ==== Revise Tone Structured Task ==== The Growth team is making progress on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone|the technical architecture, onboarding design, and early user testing]]. We are targeting an A/B test before the end of this year, with constructive edits by newcomers as the primary success metric. ==== Add a link to more wikis ==== The machine learning team has been working on a new model that can suggest links to more languages, including Urdu, Chinese, and Japanese Wikipedias. [[phab:T404460|We are starting to release]] the “Add a Link” feature to Wikipedias that weren’t supported by the previous model. [[mw:Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]], which can be [[mw:Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link#Configuration|configured by the community locally]], increases the chance that a new contributor will make their first edit and then continue to participate in Wikipedia. === Research === The Growth team is involved in several research initiatives to help guide our future work: [[mw:Growth/Progression System|Progression System]] – We have [[mw:Growth/Progression_System#Design_Research|published]] initial findings from interviews with 10 English and French Wikipedia newcomers. The research examined motivations, challenges, and feedback on a prototype system intended to help editors build confidence, develop skills, and contribute more constructively over time. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Mobile Web Editing Research|Mobile Web Editing Research]] – This project combines quantitative and qualitative data, community feedback, and user journey analysis to identify possible ways to enhance the mobile editing experience. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Successful Newcomers Survey 2025|Newcomers Survey]] – This project surveys successful newcomers on English Wikipedia to understand their early editing experiences, tool use, and community interactions. === Community events === The Growth team participated in several community events to listen, share, and collaborate on improving newcomer experiences across Wikimedia projects. '''Wikimania - [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/RPBSEF/ Organizers as key partners to support newcomers' growth in our movement]''' This session invited organizers to share how they introduce newcomers to Growth features and the challenges they encounter. The discussion focused on common newcomer questions and opportunities to strengthen collaboration in supporting new editors. '''Wikimania - [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/review/VCSCUVJCGFRNY89TTKXRVFMGYMWPMSXT Lightning Talk: Structured Tasks]''' This talk demonstrated how Structured Tasks help newcomers take their first successful steps on Wikipedia. It shared impact data, community configurations, and a demo of “Add a Link,” illustrating how these tasks make editing more accessible and sustainable, particularly for mobile contributors. '''Wikimania - [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors]''' With active editor numbers declining, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Strategy|Contributors Strategy]] aims to create a clearer, more engaging path for participation. This session, led by the WMF Contributors group with involvement from the Editing, Growth, Moderator Tools, and Connection (formerly Campaigns) teams, highlighted efforts to streamline contributor experiences, offer structured and mobile-friendly workflows, and foster meaningful engagement. Participants learned about ongoing initiatives and shared feedback to help shape a more inclusive and sustainable future for Wikimedia contributors. '''CEE Meeting - [[metawiki:Wikimedia_CEE_Meeting_2025/Submissions/Retaining_beginners_and_improving_content_moderation:_an_inclusive_and_sustainable_future_for_Wikipedia_contributors|Retaining beginners and improving content moderation: an inclusive and sustainable future for Wikipedia contributors]]''' Many communities face a decline in volunteer engagement. Newcomers often leave soon after joining, while experienced editors struggle to manage increasingly complex workflows and overwhelming backlogs. We presented the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Strategy|Contributors Strategy]] and the different features and workflows that can help communities to address these challenges. We listened to the specific needs of the CEE communities to help guide the Contributors teams' work. ''<small>'''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth team's newsletter]]''' prepared by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|the Growth team]] and posted by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[mw:Talk:Growth|Give feedback]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Growth team updates|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].</small>'' </div> 10:23, 22 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Growth_team_updates&oldid=29457883 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:51, 27 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29487357 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #703 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-10-27. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#702]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Samoasambia|Samoasambia]] - RfP scheduled to end after 27 October 2025 15:10 (UTC) * Closed request for adminship: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Ternera|Ternera]] - Closed as successful by [[User:Ymblanter|Ymblanter]] ([[User talk:Ymblanter|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 19:24, 23 October 2025 (UTC) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** 🎉 Wikidata's 13th Birthday! Join us online, October 29 17:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1761757200 in your timezone]) for presents, birthday messages, games...and a 📣'''surprise announcement''' (don't miss it!). 🎁 Add your own gifts to the list - anything that celebrates Wikidata and its amazing community... a script you’ve written, tool improvement, visual, poem...the sky's the limit. Get the call link here: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages|13th Birthday Presents & Messages call]]. ** WikidataCon 2025, October 31 - November 2, make sure to register at [[Event:WikidataCon_2025|the event page]]. ** SPARQL workshop (in German): "From Zero to SPARQL. Eine Einführung in die Abfrage von Wissensgraphen (Schwerpunkt Wikidata)", 4 Nov 2025, 10-13, free and open to all, online via Zoom. [https://www.digis-berlin.de/workshop-am-04-11-25-from-zero-to-sparql-eine-einfuehrung-in-die-abfrage-von-wissensgraphen/ more information and registration] ** The scholarship deadline for [https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2026:Wikimania Wikimania 2026] is approaching fast: 31st of October. Apply today if you want to attend on a scholarship. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/live/BuBEJYNnK2M?si=ZYo_bi9JbHCj1VWT Visualizaciones con el Servicio de Consultas de Wikidata] ** (Spanish)[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=s1EIdotXpus ¿Cómo identificar y completar vacíos de información en Wikidata? Tabernacle e integraality] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=dMc8itXt7i0 I Have 1000s of Items in Commons – What Do I Do Now?: Utilization Opportunities on Wikimedia Commons] ** (Chinese [Trad]) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=v7XdRqpEU0Q&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD 鏈結資料文獻翻譯賽德克語成果發表會 Exploring Seediq: A Journey through Translation and Linked Data Documentation] *Presentations: Will AI Erase Us Again? The Role of Wikimedia Communities. Talk by [[User:Jsamwrites|John Samuel]], Queering Wikipedia 2025 ([[commons:File:Queering_Wikipedia_2025-JohnSamuel.pdf|Slides]]) ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://tools.iccl.inf.tu-dresden.de/nemo/ Nemo] is a new Wikidata query tool by [[User:Markus Krötzsch|User:Markus Krötzsch]] the tool can answer queries, extracts subsets, and perform analyses in ways that SPARQL alone can't. It also lets you combine Wikidata with other data sources. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13883|start work]] (<nowiki>work in which this statement about a fictional entity begins to be valid</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13884|end work]] (<nowiki>work in which this statement about a fictional entity ceases to be valid</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13885|image resolution]] (<nowiki>pixel resolution of images generated or captured by this item (camera, software, etc)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13886|display device resolution]] (<nowiki>physical pixel resolution of an electronic display</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13887|‎firmware]] (<nowiki>firmware installed on this hardware</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13852|MultimediaWiki page ID]], [[:d:Property:P13853|Letopis of MSU person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13854|QCC Code]], [[:d:Property:P13855|Jamaica company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13856|SEC Number]], [[:d:Property:P13857|Thailand company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13858|gosfilmofond.ru ID]], [[:d:Property:P13859|Cambodian company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13860|English solicitors ID]], [[:d:Property:P13861|Caixin company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13862|‎Nebraska Authors author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13863|‎Kick username]], [[:d:Property:P13864|‎Archivio Storico Ricordi partiture ID]], [[:d:Property:P13865|Fantacalcio ID]], [[:d:Property:P13866|‎Plant Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P13867|L'Équipe athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P13868|‎RSQV ID]], [[:d:Property:P13869|NRK topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13870|‎OpenITI author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13871|‎Mellopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P13872|Liste unique des décorés ID]], [[:d:Property:P13873|‎Deník tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P13874|Interaktionsdatabasen ID]], [[:d:Property:P13875|‎Adebiportal author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13876|Biographische Lexikon zur Geschichte der böhmischen Länder ID]], [[:d:Property:P13877|ISLRN]], [[:d:Property:P13878|‎Danskefilmstemmer.dk character ID]], [[:d:Property:P13879|Audiovisual Identity Database page]], [[:d:Property:P13880|RIA Novosti person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13881|The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13882|‎Qalamger.kz author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13888|‎Does the Dog Die? media ID]], [[:d:Property:P13889|‎Organ Index ID]], [[:d:Property:P13890|American Kennel Club ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Responsable de departamento|Responsable de departamento]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lämningsnummer|Lämningsnummer]] (<nowiki>{{Q|Q10498015}} is a database of archaeological monuments in Sweden, maintained by {{Q|Q631844}}. Each item in the database has an identifier containing the year of registration and a number, e.g. ''L1970:5203''.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of comments per day|number of comments per day]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Commonwealth Sport country code|Commonwealth Sport country code]] (<nowiki>Commonwealth Sport country code</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/operating humidity|operating humidity]] (<nowiki>humidity at which a device operates</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NCL Taiwan Periodical Literature Periodical ID|NCL Taiwan Periodical Literature Periodical ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/HarmonyOS NEXT APP ID|HarmonyOS NEXT APP ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rechtsinformationen des Bundes-ID|Rechtsinformationen des Bundes-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UNESCO Virtual Museum inventory ID|UNESCO Virtual Museum inventory ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/South Korean Business Registration Number|South Korean Business Registration Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SetesdalWiki ID|SetesdalWiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biography.com ID|Biography.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mackolik football manager ID|Mackolik football manager ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/S1 No.1 Style actress ID|S1 No.1 Style actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/biserici.org church ID|biserici.org church ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RFC|RFC]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hudobné centrum IDs|Hudobné centrum IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FAIR Epigraphic Vocabularies ID|FAIR Epigraphic Vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NVLI ID|NVLI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SerBenfiquista.com players ID|SerBenfiquista.com players ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/E4T9 Map of pubs in Scotland] ([https://wikis.world/@AllyD@mastodon.online/114482324831243753 source]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Kazakhstan|WikiProject Kazakhstan]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]:[[d:Q22530539|Lake Zanzibar (Q22530539)]] - lake in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Canada ''' Development ''' * Wikidata in Wikipedia and co: ** We worked on making Wikidata change summaries in recent changes and watchlist on the other Wikimedia projects more understandable by adding icons. This will be rolled out soon ([[phab:T397258]]) ** We continued the improvements to the Databox module ([[phab:T400322]], [[phab:T400318]]) * Mobile statement editing: We continued working on editing references ([[phab:T405236]]) and did clean-ups for the beta release ([[phab:T405743]]) * GraphQL: We continued work on including labels of linked entities in responses * Dumps: We are looking into why dump generation is slower than it should be recently [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/South_Korea|South Korea]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:50, 27 October 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29487314 --> == Tech News: 2025-44 == <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:27, 27 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == This Month in Education: October 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 10 • October 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025|"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer|A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil|Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta|Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025|India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/JDACA & Amman Arab University|JDACA & Amman Arab University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September|New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset|Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October|Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp|Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania|Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 06:05, 2 November 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29511272 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:52, 3 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29558323 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #704 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-11-03. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#703]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Samoasambia|Samoasambia]] * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/langCodesBot|langCodesBot]] - Task(s): Python script to automate the cleanup of deprecated language codes (e.g., kr) from Wikidata items. Delete or move labels, descriptions, and aliases based on comparisons with fallback and related languages. The script uses the Pywikibot framework to process each item and logs cases it skips due to data inconsistencies or ambiguity to a CSV file for manual review. * New request for comments: [[Wikidata:Requests for comment/Exhibition models|Exhibition models]] by [[User:Hexatekin|Hexatekin]] - This proposal focuses on standardizing models for art exhibitions. There is not a consistent data model used for art exhibitions that factors in parent-child relationships for traveling exhibitions, show series, or biennials, despite these being important and common types of events in international art history. ''' Events ''' * Past: ** Happy Birthday, Wikidata 🎉! We celebrated Wikidata’s 13th birthday with a community call to unveil presents and play games. Check out the replay of the event and the cool gifts people made: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages|Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages]] ** WikidataCon: You can catch up on the recordings and slides in [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025/Program|the program]] ** [https://wikidataworkshop.github.io/2025/ Wikidata Workshop at ISWC]: You can catch up on the published papers on the website. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/29/building-an-internet-for-everyone-wikidata-recognized-as-a-digital-public-good/ Building an Internet for Everyone: Wikidata Recognized as a Digital Public Good] ** [https://tech-news.wikimedia.de/2025/10/28/enriching-wikidata-with-authoritybox/ ''Enriching Wikidata with AuthorityBox. An interview with Stefano Bargioni''] *** examples of AuthorityBox can be seen in [https://catalogo.pusc.it/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=136541 PUSC catalogue], [http://koha-urbs.reteurbs.org/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=316885 URBE catalogue] ([http://koha-urbs.reteurbs.org/opac-tmpl/lib/AuthorityBox_URBS.js code]), [https://opac.keratsini-drapetsona.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=7268 Keratsini-Drapetsona catalogue]; cf. also Stefano Bargioni, [[:d:Q84951093|''From Authority Enrichment to AuthorityBox. Applying RDA in a Koha environment'']] (2020) ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/02/exploring-nairobi-and-building-a-global-network-the-inspiring-wikimania20-experience Exploring Nairobi and Building a Global Network: The Inspiring Wikimania@20 Experience] ** [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/10/31/supercharging-cultural-institution-collections-with-wikidata/ Supercharging Cultural Institution Collections with Wikidata] * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6SkqxD9n1eY Por qué el conocimiento libre importa más que nunca | Gustavo Candela | Jornadas Anuales 2025] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=FbaII87_M84 Wikidata Ontology Course | A NotebookLM Deep Dive] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ss6_wbK1gck Odia Wikimedians User Group Celebration of the 13th Wikidata Birthday] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=bzIknKpmIYw Como utilizar o OpenRefine para cadastrar artigos científicos na Wikidata? - WikiTutoriais #05] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=iZWKcwXNhPI Supercharging Cultural Institution Collections with Wikidata [October 2025]] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=LL93wMSFkKs&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD ¿Cómo es la ontología de Wikidata?] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ZT0pvzfFeug Wikidata @13 celebration by the Tyap Wikimedians] ''' Tool of the week ''' [https://wikidata-reference-validator.toolforge.org/ The Wikidata Reference Validator] by [[User:JosefAnthony]] helps check and replace broken or outdated references — keeping Wikidata’s knowledge verifiable and trustworthy. It checks whether external references are still accessible or offline, so we can ensure that every statement on Wikidata shows how we know what we know. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/29/building-an-internet-for-everyone-wikidata-recognized-as-a-digital-public-good/ Wikidata has been recognized as a digital public good by the Digital Public Goods Alliance] * Wikimedia chapters are providing scholarships for Wikimania 2026. Apply here if you're interested: [[:de:Wikipedia:Förderung/Wikimania/English|Wikipedia:Förderung/Wikimania/English]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13891|‎Newegg item ID]], [[:d:Property:P13892|‎Hardcore Gaming 101 game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Luminous flux|Luminous flux]] (<nowiki>Numerical value of the luminous flux emitted by a lighting device or light source, measured in lumens</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/anatomical structure in view|anatomical structure in view]] (<nowiki>the anatomical structure in view in the photo, e.g. head, wing, habitus (body)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/anatomical view|anatomical view]] (<nowiki>view of an anatomical structure, e.g. ventral, dorsal, frontal</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/collector|collector]] (<nowiki>person or group who physically collected a specimen or object in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Serbo-Croatian preferred project code|Serbo-Croatian preferred project code]] (<nowiki>For an interwiki article, the property points to the Serbo-Croatian project (sh, bs, hr, sr) that either has a special connection to the topic or the highest quality article.</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BG IISDA org ID|BG IISDA org ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BG NACID person ID|BG NACID person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GCatholic former diocese ID|GCatholic former diocese ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Grokipedia ID|Grokipedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland ID|The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present entry ID| Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Davis Cup player ID 2025|Davis Cup player ID 2025]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Eiga.com drama ID|Eiga.com drama ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AntCat ID|AntCat ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Last Address ID|Last Address ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Disney+ browse ID|Disney+ browse ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Japanese Film Database ID|Japanese Film Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Japan Location Database ID|Japan Location Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fight.ru fighters ID|Fight.ru fighters ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IMI person id|IMI person id]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/Fqji Map of ~12.000 western European tram stops among their respective networks] **[https://w.wiki/FvKQ Count of Wikipedia articles about UNESCO Memory of the World inscriptions] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q167634|perestroïka (Q167634)]] - political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s, widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost policy reform * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]:[[d:Lexeme:L46097|baseline (L46097)]] - English noun (ˈbeɪslaɪn) meaning "a starting point for comparison", "a benchmark in budgeting", or "a reference line in typography or surveying" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We are continuing the work on qualifiers and reference editing * GraphQL: We are continuing the work on making labels of linked entities available in GraphQL ([[phab:T404692]]) * Dumps: We are continuing to look into improvements for the dump process [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:44, 3 November 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29562339 --> == Tech News: 2025-45 == <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:30, 3 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity. For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:54, 10 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29584005 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue X, October 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: From a small language to Wikipedia's Biggest, Share Your Story with the Industry Museum and War Diaries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Autumn activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: WikiCommon community meet-ups, Wikisource trainings, and the announcement of Grant for GLAM Indonesia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open culture on stage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How Wikimedia México is training cultural and government institutions as wikimedians. * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Open Topstukken project concludes; Network Archives Design and Digital Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Granny's Wonderful Chair, Preparing for Auckland Museum Wiki Summer Students and an the ASBS Introductory Wiki Webinar * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Report on Participation at the 12th International Youth Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Promoting Open Data and Digital Commons in Culture and Research * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki Conference 2025 Wrap-Up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: October in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: DaSCHcon, 3D, Wiki GLAM conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A look at Grokipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: October edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: LivingData 2025, GLAMWiki and a "collector" Wikidata property proposal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: International outreach * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Sustainable CultureConnect Project report|Sustainable CultureConnect Project report]]: Sustainable CultureConnect: Empowering Youth and Preserving Heritage through Open Knowledge and Leadership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:29, 10 November 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29516862 --> == ''The Signpost'': 10 November 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/News and notes|Temporary accounts go live and WMF board member self-suspends]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Community view|Six Wikipedians' thoughts on Grokipedia, and the humanity of it all]] * Wikicup report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Wikicup report|BeanieFan11, WikiCup victor of 2025, covers the results]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/In the media|Jimbo's book, an argument about genocide, and a train of shame]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Recent research|Taking stock of the 2024–2025 research grants]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Opinion|With Grokipedia, top-down control of knowledge is new again]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Obituary|Struway]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Traffic report|The documentaried, the disowned, the deceased, Diwali and the Dodgers]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Comix|Head of steam]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 12:56, 10 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29568932 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #705 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-11-10. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#704]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Other: Draft policy for [[d:Wikidata:Temporary account IP viewer|temporary account IP viewers]]. What requirements should be set for this user right? ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://blog.unicode.org/2025/11/introducing-unicode-inflection-library.html Introducing the Unicode Inflection Library Technical Preview Release] : The Unicode Inflection Library leverages comprehensive lexicons from Wikidata to support standardized, multilingual grammatical transformations for global software applications. * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=vwiCHKogS_8 Art+Feminism Celebrates Wikidata!] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=P0TnhpU1U9U&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD Day 5_Using WikiData with Spyral Notebook and Project Presentation] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ng89cq6ZH-o Wikidata and Wikipedia training for Art+Feminism 2025 in Uganda] ** What are Wikidata WikiProjects, and why should you join one? Watch [[c:File:What can I do on Wikidata? Examples of projects and workflows (Wikidata Leveling Up Days 2024).webm|this great explainer]] from the #LevelingUpDays2024 to see how these communities work together! Then, find your project: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProjects|Wikidata:WikiProjects]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [[:d:User:Difool/WikidataCleanup.js|User:Difool/WikidataCleanup.js]]: gadget allowing to do, in one click, a wide series of cleanups in an item: normalize labels, descriptions, and aliases (double spaces, certain Unicode characters), remove weak references, remove weakly referenced dates when they have lower precision than a strongly referenced date and downgrade unnecessary preferred ranks; about the general issue of redundancies in Wikidata, you can check [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Redundancy|WikiProject Redundancy]] *[https://ghanasupremecases.toolforge.org/ Ghanasupremecases] is a webapp that dynamically pulls and displays over 2,000 Supreme Court of Ghana cases from Wikidata, allowing users to access case details linked directly to Wikidata items. The goal is to make African legal data more open, structured, and discoverable, and to demonstrate how Wikidata can serve as a foundation for national-level legal archive ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Temporary accounts rollout: Starting November 12, the community will see logged‑out edits handled through temporary accounts instead of IPs, prompting tool and bot checks. * Help shape the future WikidatCon! If you attended [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], please take 10 minutes to share your feedback in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/WikidataCon-2025-Feedback this] anonymous GDPR-compliant survey (sslsurvey) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13903|operating humidity]] (<nowiki>humidity at which a device operates</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13914|collector]] (<nowiki>person or group who physically collected a specimen or object in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13922|Serbo-Croatian preferred project code]] (<nowiki>For an interwiki article, the property points to the Serbo-Croatian project (sh, bs, hr, sr) that either has a special connection to the topic or the highest quality article.</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13893|CACI company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13894|AEK Football player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13895|Sultanlar Ligi player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13896|BeWeb historical or artistic asset ID]], [[:d:Property:P13897|SofaScore sports team ID]], [[:d:Property:P13898|FootballFakts.ru football match ID]], [[:d:Property:P13899|Kicker sports match ID]], [[:d:Property:P13900|BDFutbol match ID]], [[:d:Property:P13901|Foot Mercato / Fichajes / Fussball Transfers player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13902|‎Disney+ browse ID]], [[:d:Property:P13904|‎Filmarks ID]], [[:d:Property:P13905|Memorial Book of Social Democracy-ID]], [[:d:Property:P13906|NLAI ID]], [[:d:Property:P13907|Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain ID]], [[:d:Property:P13908|The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts ID]], [[:d:Property:P13909|Antique Chinese and Japanese Porcelain Dictionary and Glossary of Terms entry]], [[:d:Property:P13910|Filmfriend movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P13911|Hesse School ID]], [[:d:Property:P13912|The Oxford Dictionary of Dance entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13913|Saxony School ID]], [[:d:Property:P13915|NCL Taiwan Periodical Literature periodical identifier]], [[:d:Property:P13916|NZ Charities Register Number]], [[:d:Property:P13917|IFES Election Guide ID]], [[:d:Property:P13918|Arte de la Argentina ID]], [[:d:Property:P13919|Democratic Memory Bank ID]], [[:d:Property:P13920|Kicker competition ID]], [[:d:Property:P13921|Soccer365.net team ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/time of deposition|time of deposition]] (<nowiki>date or point in time when an archaeological object or assemblage was buried, hidden, lost, or otherwise deposited.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/readiness|readiness]] (<nowiki>readiness</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/greenhouse gases emissions|greenhouse gases emissions]] (<nowiki>amount of greenhouse effect emited by a given company or industry sector</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/neuter form of label|neuter form of label]] (<nowiki>neuter form of name or title</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/current season|current season]] (<nowiki>{{TranslateThis | an identifier for the team's current season <!-- | xx = descriptions in other languages --> }}</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/flag carrier of|flag carrier of]] (<nowiki>country of which the airline is the flag carrier</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BFXC authority ID|BFXC authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BWB-nummer|BWB-nummer]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schulnummer Brandenburg|Schulnummer Brandenburg]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Shinto ID|Encyclopedia of Shinto ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Power Thesaurus ID|Power Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WDSF person ID|WDSF person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Blu-Ray.com film ID|Blu-Ray.com film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Japanese Law Translation ID|Japanese Law Translation ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/USGS Publication ID|USGS Publication ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Afrikaregisteret ID|Afrikaregisteret ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National cultural monument of Czechia ID|National cultural monument of Czechia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Admirable Façades styles ID|Admirable Façades styles ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage buildings ID|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage buildings ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage streets ID|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage streets ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dicionário Biográfico de Cientistas, Engenheiros e Médicos em Portugal ID|Dicionário Biográfico de Cientistas, Engenheiros e Médicos em Portugal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TikTok User ID|TikTok User ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/9hdp Map of all places related to persons with layers by property of the place] ([[Wikidata:Request_a_query#Map of all places related to persons with layers by property of the place|source]]) * WikiProject Highlights: Passionate about highlighting women's achievements? [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Women|WikiProject Women]] is dedicated to creating and improving data about women worldwide. Help close the gender gap in knowledge! [https://wikis.world/tags/WikidataWikiProjects #WikidataWikiProjects] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q1136251|Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape (Q1136251)]] - cultural landscape in South Africa * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L4479|fold (L4479)]] - English verb (foʊld) meaning "to bend over on itself", "to mix ingredients gently", or "to fail or give in" ''' Development ''' The development team were involved in roadmap planning meetings so not much happened in the past week. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Paraguay|Paraguay]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:44, 10 November 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29605325 --> == Tech News: 2025-46 == <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:35, 10 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 17 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #706 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-11-17. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#705]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Che-W-bot|Che-W-bot]] - Task(s): Possible duplicate of the bot below. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/CheWikibot|CheWikibot]] - Task(s): Import new articles created on Chechen Wikipedia (ce.wiki) to Wikidata. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/DDResearchBot|DDResearchBot]] - Task(s): This bot will facilitate adding structured, cited data from trusted integrity sources to Wikidata for [[d:User:Deweydigital|Dewey Digital]]. * Closed request for comments: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Adapt_blocking_policy_to_IPv6_networks|Adapt blocking policy to IPv6 networks]] - While there is a general agreement for admins to block /64, no consensus to add to the blocking Policy was reached. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Documented_and_featured_SPARQL_queries|Proposal to better document featured SPARQL queries]] - Consensus was reached and a vote is planned. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Gender_neutral_labels_for_occupations_and_positions_in_French|Gender neutral Labels for occupations/positions in French]] - Majority support for using male and female forms in French labels and aliases, gender-neutral descriptions, and completing male/female label properties. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Creating_items_for_videos_at_online_video_platforms_that_are_representation_of_notable_items|Items for videos of online platforms that represent notable Items]] - No consensus could be reached. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Is_it_worth_to_import_labels_from_interlanguage_links_of_other_wikipedia_projects_to_wikidata|Should Labels of interlanguage links from other Wikipedia Projects?]] - There is general support to import labels, however there are concerns about the import as an Alias. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Signed_Statements_(T138708)|Signed Statements]] - No consensus could be reached. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Use_of_dates_in_the_descriptions_of_items_regarding_humans|Use of dates in descriptions of items regarding humans]] - Dates on Wikidata are community-specific; add only to disambiguate, don’t remove, and format per language conventions. * Project chat: [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Proposal:_Prohibiting_LLM-generated_content|Proposal:Prohibiting LLM-generated content]] *Other: ** [[d:Wikidata:Temporary account IP viewer|Wikidata:Temporary account IP viewer]] - users who may view IP addresses associated with temporary accounts. ** [[d:Wikidata:Self-promotion|Wikidata:Self-promotion]] - an essay on creating an Item about yourself, your organisation, or your work is a form of self-promotion and is strongly discouraged. Feel free to update this page. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[m:Event:Wikidata_Days_IWUG_and_WAFTAI_2025|Wikidata Days: IWUG and WAFTAI]] - A 4 day edit-a-thon beginning November 26, 2025, for Cameroonian and Nigerian educational institutions. ** [https://wikimedia.or.id/acara/wikilatih-wikidata-fakultas-sains-dan-teknologi-universitas-airlangga/ WikiLatih Wikidata ] - November 21, 08:50am (WIB), learning around Wikidata: how to reuse data and edit Items. Organised by the Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga. * Just missed it: [[m:Event:First_steps_in_Wikidata_for_the_Wikimedia_LGBT_Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] - two introductory workshops for English, French and Spanish Wikipedians with an interest in learning Wikidata. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/GLAM/Newsletter/October_2025/Contents/Netherlands_report GLAM Netherlands report] The joint Radboud–Maastricht project Open Topstukken concluded at the Dutch National Library, showcasing 30 digitized collection highlights enriched with Linked Open Data via Wikidata and supported by new tools, documentation, and visualizations to enhance digital accessibility and interoperability. ** * Videos: ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=rNlREPqT9f8 Mujeres que Inspiran: Layla Michán - Wikidata e investigación] (Women who inspire. Wikidata & research) ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=CIVEYu4_C5E Wikidata Workshop: Improving African Authors and Books Items] ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-CBvDSjnjM Enriquecer, reutilizar y modelar datos y metadatos usando Wikidata. Tomás Saorín Pérez] (Enrich, reuse, and model data and metadata using Wikidata.) ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=EAXd0rIl3kU Guide to the Wikidata Notability Policy] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=NnZan0XUpAc Wikidata: Wikimedia's knowledge graph in a world of generative AI] ** (Portuguese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zvIJUb4Z4r0 O que saber antes de editar no Wikidata] (What to know before editing on Wikidata) ** (Portuguese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=SZRaZMkwoWc Para além da Wikipédia: como os dados estruturados conectam saberes] (Beyond Wikipedia: how structured data connect knowledge) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Poro26/ArchiveExternaLinks.js/Documentation ArchiveExternaLinks] is a UserScript by [[User:Poro26|Poro26]]. The UserScript automates the archiving of all external links present in an item, whether they appear in statements, references or identifiers. For each external link, the script automatically adds an archive link [archive], similar to what is done on Wikipedia for web sources cited in references ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13923|data collection method]] (<nowiki>scientific data collection procedure used in/by the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13926|time of deposition]] (<nowiki>point in time when an archaeological object or assemblage was buried, hidden, lost, or otherwise deposited</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13939|Commonwealth Sport country code]] (<nowiki>code for countries participating in Commonwealth Sport events</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13924|Japanese Film Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13925|GCatholic former diocese ID]], [[:d:Property:P13927|Myanmar Company Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P13928|Team Austria athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P13929|‎ECHL.com player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13930|‎Genbu.net ID]], [[:d:Property:P13931|ISTAMPIE ID]], [[:d:Property:P13932|HarmonyOS NEXT APP ID]], [[:d:Property:P13933|Federal Legal Information ID]], [[:d:Property:P13934|UNESCO Virtual Museum inventory ID]], [[:d:Property:P13935|South Korean Business Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P13936|‎Lämningsnummer]], [[:d:Property:P13937|‎Mackolik football manager ID]], [[:d:Property:P13938|Biserici.org church ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/role in naming|role in naming]] (<nowiki>the role the namesake played in relation to this item, i.e. why the item is named after the namesake</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Korea Heritage Service Heritage Portal ID|Korea Heritage Service Heritage Portal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lubimyczytać version/edition ID|Lubimyczytać version/edition ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UEA catalogue ID|UEA catalogue ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CRA program account number|CRA program account number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PL-AED|PL-AED]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yandex Object Answer ID|Yandex Object Answer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/G2bz Towns named after Alexander the great] **[https://w.wiki/G8T$ Heritage added to the Memory of the World International Register in 2025] (newly added data) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LGBTQ History|WikiProject LGBTQ History]] - aims to improve and organize data related to the history, people, places, events, and organizations that have contributed to LGBTQ+ experiences across time and geography. * WikiProject Highlights: ** 👩🔬Passionate about highlighting women's achievements? WikiProject Women is dedicated to creating and improving data about women worldwide. Help close the gender gap in knowledge! [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Women|WikiProject Women]] ** 🗳️ Interested in democracy and political data? Join WikiProject Elections to model data about elections, candidates, and results from around the globe. Make electoral data open and accessible! [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Elections|WikiProject Elections]] ** 🏛️ How do you find info on government institutions? WikiProject Govdirectory has a structured data model for that! Help improve data about public agencies on Wikidata. [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory|WikiProject Govdirectory]] ** 🎵 Into music? From classical to K-pop, WikiProject Music needs your expertise to harmonize data on songs, artists, and releases. Join the band! [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Music|WikiProject Music]] ** 🧬 Your skills can help model lifesaving data. WikiProject Medicine works on structured data for diseases, drugs, clinical trials, and anatomy. Join a project that matters. [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Medicine|WikiProject Medicine]] ** 🔍 Interested in how knowledge itself is structured? WikiProject Ontology delves into the fundamental classes and properties of Wikidata. Shape the backbone of the knowledge graph! [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology|WikiProject Ontology]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q12060728|Aboriginal Australians (Q12060728)]] - First Nations people of Australia * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1078947|ਦਿਮਾਗ਼ (L1078947)]] - Punjabi noun (dɪ.mäːɣ) meaning "brain (organ)", "intellect/mind", or "understanding/consciousness" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We are working on editing statements that link to other entities in their value ([[phab:T403974]], [[phab:T409149]]) ** We enabled mobile statement editing as a beta feature on test.wikidata.org ([[phab:T407737]]) * GraphQL prototype: We finished the work on making labels of linked entities available ([[phab:T404692]]) * Dumps: We are continuing to work on making the dump process more robust [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:18, 17 November 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29651461 --> == Tech News: 2025-47 == <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:23, 17 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement. There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:13, 24 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #707 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-11-24. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#706]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/News2DataBot|News2DataBot]] - Task(s): Check for new, unlinked articles on [[n:pl:|Polish Wikinews]] and create relevant Items. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/WikidataLiteraryWorksMetaDataUpload|WikidataLiteraryWorksMetaDataUpload]] - Task(s): Upload metadata for literary works from research project. * New request for comments: The [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Exhibition_models|Exhibition Models]] RfC was split into 2 Schema proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Schema_proposals/exhibition_concept|Exhibition Concept]] and [[d:Wikidata:Schema_proposals/exhibition_manifestation|Exhibition Manifestation]]. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Upcoming LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group session on 25 November 2025: Join the community-driven effort led by WikiProject Personal Pronouns to improve pronoun data modeling and ethics in Wikidata. This is part of a three-session series (Oct 14, Nov 25, Dec 9) focused on implementing new best practices. No prior Wikidata experience required. Join at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1764090000 17:00 UTC]. [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/PersonalPronouns|Event page]]. ** [[mw:Wikimedia_Hackathon_2026|Wikimedia Hackathon 2026]] - Hosted in Milan, Italy, scholarships are now open, [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ apply on Pretix]. ** [https://www.instagram.com/p/DRNg5ldkSi6/ Art+Feminism & Whose Knowledge?] - A conversation on building a feminist data future, Dec 5, 2025, 13:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1764939600 Time zone converter]). ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://www.allmo.ai/articles/what-we-know-about-the-impact-of-wikipedia-on-chatgpt-search-results Impact of Wikipedia and Wikidata on ChatGPT search results] ** [https://christianmahnke.de/en/post/authority-data-for-private-collectors/ Wikidata as an authority data source for private collectors] ** (German) [https://www.wikimeisterei.info/umwelt-und-klimabezug-in-grossen-wissensdatenbanken-wikipedia-wikidata-und-umweltportale-im-vergleich/ Environmental and climate reference in large knowledge databases. Wikipedia, Wikidata and environmental portals in comparison] * Presentations: Wikidata as a challenge for rule systems (Declarative AI 2025 Conf.) - [[c:File:Slideshow,_Wikidata_as_a_Challenge_for_Rule_Systems_-_Declarative_AI_2025_Conference_-_24_September_2025.pdf|Slides]] / [[c:File:Wikidata_as_a_Challenge_for_Rule_Systems_-_Declarative_AI_2025_Conference_-_24_September_2025.webm|Recording]] * Papers: [https://zenodo.org/records/17658826 Snapshot of bibliographic metadata from Wikidata for all Arabic periodicals published worldwide before 1930] - Project Jarāʾid, by T. Grallert, (2025). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iiL9WFx2JY An introduction to Wikidata and its use for librarians and researchers]; slides available [[:commons:File:An introduction to Wikidata and its use for librarians and researchers.pdf|on Commons]] ** WikidataCon 2025 Session Playlists (YouTube):<br> [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLduaHBu_3ejPTAZXQTHlAElm-DZ5dohph&si=5IJr95Jrh_AyIT43 Day 1 (31.10)] / [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLduaHBu_3ejM0BKzQWaw_WKIBamH4DevT&si=U-sw7JMx3xsiGu-d Day 2 (01.11)] / [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLduaHBu_3ejNQdOCF9ztkrUktwi_UMRD5&si=0xXL60KWrhXff98F Day 3 (02.11)] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1S4ujNG8w5M Wikidata in library catalogues: Introduction to the Primo VE linked data feature] - By Dr Thneed ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=mHXIZBfft7A Wikidata Live Editing: Stolpersteine and the Holocaust victims they commemorate] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5MKIlVJyeCw&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD Towards Linked Data Fluency: Takeaways from a Wikidata Workflow Pilot Program] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOoNMI7o_G4 Enhancing authority files through SPARQL federated queries] - Thomas Kerboul and the Bibliothèque de Genève improved person data by comparing Wikidata and IdRef, with manual checks preventing ID mix-ups. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNlREPqT9f8 Inspiring Women: Layla Michán - Wikidata and research] - Dr. Aguirre (UNAM) discusses Wikidata as a collaborative research tool and shared experiences in the “Women Who Inspire” series. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikidata-timetrail.toolforge.org/ Timetrail] is a website that visualizes the movement of Wikidata items over time by mapping their associated events and locations. * The redesigned WikiProvenance is now live, featuring a new front end and backend for exploring and comparing Wikidata provenance information. Try examples like [https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/provenance.html?item=Q1339 Johann Sebastian Bach] or [https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/compare.html?compare=Q5,Q515 Human vs. City] and [https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/compare.html?compare=Q90,Q84 Paris vs. London]. Explore it here: [https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/ https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Data_access#Linked_Data_Fragments_endpoint|LDF endpoint retirement considered]]: The unstable and low-traffic LDF endpoint may be retired to reduce maintenance effort and unnecessary load on WDQS. If your workflow depends on it and you would hate to see it go, please let the Wikidata development team know at [[d:Wikidata talk:Data access|Wikidata talk:Data access]]. * [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Reminder:_WDQS_legacy_endpoint_decommissioning|WDQS Legacy endpoint deprecation]]: The legacy endpoint (<code>query-legacy-full.wikidata.org</code>) will be fully decommissioned on 7 January 2026. Please migrate tools and workflows to the supported endpoints: <code>query.wikidata.org</code> (Main) or <code>query-scholarly.wikidata.org</code> (Scholarly). Assistance is available on the [[d:Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages. * [[c:File:Community report Data Governance Research (Q2 2025).pdf|Insights from Data Governance Research Process 2025]]: Results of the research to better understand how the communities currently think about which data and communities are best served by Wikidata, Wikibase Cloud or Wikibase Suite respectively. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Abstract_Wikipedia_naming_contest|Abstract Wikipedia naming contest]]: Help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project which is provisionally known as Abstract Wikipedia. The second phase of voting is now open until December 1. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13940|CUIT]], [[:d:Property:P13941|REGAFI id]], [[:d:Property:P13942|Hong Kong company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13943|California Entity Number]], [[:d:Property:P13944|Mã số doanh nghiệp]], [[:d:Property:P13945|‎InfoconDB series ID]], [[:d:Property:P13946|‎InfoconDB conference ID]], [[:d:Property:P13947|‎Biography.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P13948|Hudobné centrum person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13949|Hudobné centrum group ID]], [[:d:Property:P13950|FAIR Epigraphic Vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Property:P13951|NVLI ID]], [[:d:Property:P13952|SerBenfiquista.com players ID]], [[:d:Property:P13953|‎BG IISDA org ID]], [[:d:Property:P13954|‎BG NACID person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13955|The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland ID]], [[:d:Property:P13956|Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13957|National cultural monument of Czechia ID]], [[:d:Property:P13958|‎Davis Cup player ID since 2025]], [[:d:Property:P13959|‎Eiga.com drama ID]], [[:d:Property:P13960|Last Address ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/parliamentary group leader|parliamentary group leader]] (<nowiki>the identity of the leader of a parliamentary group</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SignWriting transcription|SignWriting transcription]] (<nowiki>representation in SignWriting</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/free height|free height]] (<nowiki>vertical distance from the floor level to the lowest obstruction in the ceiling of an indoor or outdoor space</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/thumbtime|thumbtime]] (<nowiki>Time for video thumbnail in seconds</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Credibly accused of|Credibly accused of]] (<nowiki>entity (person or organization) that has been credibly accused of a crime or serious misconduct, but is not (yet) convicted</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review:: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CHZZK streamer ID|CHZZK streamer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FC Barcelona players ID|FC Barcelona players ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Qalamos person ID|Qalamos person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KISTI conference ID|KISTI conference ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KaraokeTexty.cz artist ID|KaraokeTexty.cz artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KaraokeTexty.cz song ID|KaraokeTexty.cz song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DLSite dōjin circle ID|DLSite dōjin circle ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DLSite person ID|DLSite person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DLSite work ID|DLSite work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Showlabs ID|Showlabs ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DEUMM Online ID|DEUMM Online ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kvinnehistorie.no persons ID|Kvinnehistorie.no persons ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foot Résultats player ID|Foot Résultats player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Manga-DB person ID|Manga-DB person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Manga-DB publisher ID|Manga-DB publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Manga-DB magazine ID|Manga-DB magazine ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Slekt og Data cemetery ID|Slekt og Data cemetery ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/GGLu Videogames in the wrong genre] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Video_games_with_the_wrong_genre|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/GGM2 People buried in Italian (or subregion) cemeteries] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#People_buried_in_Italian_(or_a_subregion)_cemeteries|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Bookbindings|Bookbindings]] - share metadata and images from the currently offline Database of Bookbindings at the British Library ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Irish_Traditional_Music/Projects|Irish Traditional Music:Projects]] - aims to systematically create and enhance Wikidata items for people profiled in the 2024 edition of Fintan Vallely's The Companion to Irish Traditional Music. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Basketball/Teams/Western_Illinois_Leathernecks_women's_basketball|Basketball: Western Illinois Leathernecks Women's]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Lost_Media#Subpages|Lost Media/Subpages]] - aim to list all media lost to time in Wikidata * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q118398|arXiv (Q118398)]] - online digital archive for electronic preprints of scientific papers * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1405411|Bogucin (L1405411)]] - Polish proper noun (bɔˈɡu.t͡ɕin) meaning "village in Greater Poland", "village in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship", or "village in Lublin Voivodeship" ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:28, 24 November 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29702952 --> == Tech News: 2025-48 == <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:53, 24 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == This Month in Education: November 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 11 • November 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026|Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia|Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras|Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day|190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI|2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States|Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th|November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025|EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia|Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka|Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe|Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course|Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training|United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM|Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge|Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo|Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo|Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community|Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 13:46, 30 November 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29716809 --> == ''The Signpost'': 1 December 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/News and notes|Election cycles come and go, and Wikimedia Foundation achieves record revenue in 2024–2025!]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/In the media|Wales walk-off, antisemitism, supernatural powers, feminism turmoil, saints, and sex]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Recent research|At least 80 million inconsistent facts on Wikipedia – can AI help find them?]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Disinformation report|Epstein email exchanges planned strategy, edits and reported progress]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Traffic report|It's a family affair]] * Book review: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Book review|''The Seven Rules of Trust'']] * From the archives: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/From the archives|"I have been asked by Jeffrey Epstein ..."]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Humour|An interview with Wikipe-tan]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Opinion|AI finds errors in 90% of Wikipedia's best articles]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Serendipity|Highlights from the itWikiCon 2025]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Comix|Madness]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 00:16, 1 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29700455 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The term "'''halachic state'''" (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 08:01, 1 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #708 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-01. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#707]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * A Project Chat discussion ([[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#default_for_all_languages_(mul)|here]]) on mul / fallback language for Labels, Descriptions and Aliases has continued on [[d:Help_talk:Default_values_for_labels_and_aliases#In_the_long_run,_we_should_have_separate_mul_properties_for_different_scripts|Help Talk: Default values for labels and aliases]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Mark your calendars *** [https://vsa-aas.ch/event/workshop-die-schweizer-archivlandschaft-wikidata-und-interaktive-karte/ Workshop: The Swiss archival landscape – Wikidata and interactive map]<br>February 2 & April 20 (German) / June 2 (French), 2026. Workshops are on-site and online, registration mandatory (closes January 20). *** [https://g0v.hackmd.io/@jothon/20251207 Citizen Technology Community Gathering and Taiwan Translation Launch of Linked Open Data Documents] December 7 Time: 13:30-16:50 UTC+8 at {{Q|707524}} Xi Project *** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #83 December 8 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [[DiffBlog:2025/11/27/new-tools-new-contributors-new-energy-wikidata-13-celebration-in-the-philippines|Wikidata 13th celebration in the Philippines]] ** [[DiffBlog:2025/11/26/wikidata-13th-birthday-taiwan-special-event-recap-part-3|Wikidata 13th Birthday: Taiwan special event recap (part 3)]] ** [[wmbe:Newsletter/2025-11/en#WikidataCon_2025:_a_conversation_with_organizer_Danny_Benjafield|WikidataCon 2025: A conversation with Danny Benjafield]] ** [[DiffBlog:2025/11/28/wikidata-13th-birthday-celebration-in-the-igbo-wikimedians-user-group/|Wikidata 13th Birthday Celebration in the Igbo Wikimedians User Group]] ** [[DiffBlog:2025/11/28/africa-wiki-women-celebrates-wikidatas-13th-birthday/|Africa Wiki Women Celebrates Wikidata’s 13th Birthday]] * Papers: [https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-4108/paper3.pdf Benchmarking SPARQL Engines on Wikidata Queries] - Four open-source SPARQL engines were benchmarked on Wikidata, with QLever fastest, Blazegraph slower, and all showing SPARQL standard deviations. By Peter F. Patel-Schneider (2025). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Hda2mRjJ3Q Records in Contexts (RiC) Wikibase Working Session] - Regine Heberlein of the (SAA) Description Section Steering Committee hosts a workshop on Wikibase implementation of the Records in Context Conceptual Model (RiC-CM). ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHXIZBfft7A Wikidata Live Editing: Stolpersteine and the Holocaust victims they commemorate] - Follow along as WMDE's Lukas Werkmeister expands Items of Berlin Stoelpersteine. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1S4ujNG8w5M Wikidata in library catalogues: Introduction to the Primo VE linked data feature] - by Dr Thneed ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://www.prixlitteraires.fr Prix Littéraires] lists French-speaking literary prizes and their recipients, also computing [https://www.prixlitteraires.fr/graph/Q3113738 statistics] (see also [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject French-speaking literary prizes|WikiProject]]) ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Nov 27: The Wikibase Community User Group met for a Wikibase Live Session and to discuss the Federated Values demonstration. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13961|Federal Taxpayer Registry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13962|WDSF athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P13963|TikTok numeric user ID]], [[:d:Property:P13964|USGS Publication ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/concurring opinion by|concurring opinion by]] (<nowiki>judicial opinion agreed to by less than half of the members of a court agreeing with the majority's final decision but providing different or additional reasons</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/audio version of text|audio version of text]] (<nowiki>The audio version of a text (e.g. book). Not the audio version of the Wikipedia article about the text (e.g. book).</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hong Kong fire alarm level|Hong Kong fire alarm level]] (<nowiki>Hong Kong fire alarm levels classification system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/overnight stays|overnight stays]] (<nowiki>number of tourists that stay overnight at a place</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/specimen determiner|specimen determiner]] (<nowiki>person who assigned the identification to a specimen</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/collection date|collection date]] (<nowiki>the date-time or interval during which a specimen or object was collected in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/position holder name string|position holder name string]] (<nowiki>name of person holding a position</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Crowdfunding target|Crowdfunding target]] (<nowiki>target goal of this Crowdfunding campaign</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/image sensor format|image sensor format]] (<nowiki>shape and size of a digital camera's image sensor</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/random page URL|random page URL]] (<nowiki>link to random page on website</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/translates from|translates from]] (<nowiki>language(s) that this person, company or organization translates works texts from</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Twitter broadcast ID|Twitter broadcast ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Petal Maps Place ID|Petal Maps Place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MJ character glyph name|MJ character glyph name]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mastercaller player ID|Mastercaller player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dartn.de player ID|dartn.de player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/darts1.de player ID|darts1.de player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/pdpa.co.uk player ID|pdpa.co.uk player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Antiquitatum Thesaurus ID|Antiquitatum Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Theaterencyclopedie-identificatiecode|Theaterencyclopedie-identificatiecode]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Buy Me a Coffee username|Buy Me a Coffee username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GoFundMe ID|GoFundMe ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant Maitron d'une biographie (nouvelle version)|Identifiant Maitron d'une biographie (nouvelle version)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Michaelis Portuguese-English properties|Michaelis Portuguese-English properties]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/U.S. Copyright Office Public Records System name slug|U.S. Copyright Office Public Records System name slug]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FCC ID Database company ID|FCC ID Database company ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/GMoW Objects bearing the handwriting of Moses Maimonides] [[d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/genizah|(Source)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]], [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Natural_History_Specimen_Data_Model|Natural History Specimen Data Model]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Popular_items_without_claims|Popular Items without Claims]] - these are the most-connected or linked Items that do not have any Statements. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q7414|The Walt Disney Company (Q7414)]] - American multinational mass media company * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L103836|девочка (L103836)]] - Russian noun (dʲɪˈvot͡ɕkə) meaning "female child", "affectionate address to a woman", or "female organism" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: ** We have added editing support for more data types (entity IDs, geographical shapes and tabular data). ** It is now available as a beta feature on test.wikidata.org. You can enable it [https://test.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures here]. * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: We are rolling out improvements to the Databox Lua module to a number of Wikipedias to make it easier to have out-of-the-box Wikidata-powered infoboxes * Ontology federation: We are making progress with making it possible to use Wikidata Item's as statement values in other Wikibase instances * GraphQL: We are continuing the work on the prototype, focusing on getting data from a batch of Items * Wikidata Query Service: The Wikidata Platform team is working on benchmarking of different replacement options for Blazegraph, the software powering the Wikidata Query Service [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Togo|Togo]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:57, 1 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29714910 --> == Tech News: 2025-49 == <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:54, 1 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:29, 8 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #709 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-08. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#708]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Well,_Well,_Bot!|Well, Well, Bot!]] - Task/s: Database imports, maintenance. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/RijksBot|RijksBot]] - Task/s: Adding [[Property:P13234|Rijksmuseum IDs]] (P13234) to Wikidata items based on a CSV mapping of [[Q43649390|QIDs]] to [[Q25861166|Rijksmuseum]] [[Q61694|URIs]]. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/CostamiriBot|CostamiriBot]] - Task/s: [[Q718|Chess]] related tasks such as monthly updates to the [[Q105955|elo]] [[Q105955|rating]] of [[Q10873124|chess players]]. * New draft: [[Wikidata:External identifiers/Obsolescence]] (opinions are welcome in its talk page) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://us06web.zoom.us/meeting/register/dikm7CrXSZ27EuPJA3r56w#/registration How to view #25N with Wikidata?] - a community hour with Wikimedia Chile, 21:00 UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1765224000 Time zone converter]) ** [https://luma.com/7fs5v7os Fact-Checking with Wikidata Workshop] - January 20, 2026, 16:30 ~ 18:00 UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1768930200 Time zone converter]) - WMDE's Philippe Saadé will show hands-on methods using the Wikidata MCP to retrieve, filter and classify Wikidata statements with semantic search, reranker LLM and NLI models, registration required. ** (Portuguese) [https://pt.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ponto_de_Encontro_Wikimedia/II Meeting Point Editatona II - Warm your hands modeling festival on Wikidata]: December 10, 2025, 15:00 - 19:00 UTC+1, Porto, Portugal. ** Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session 9 December, 2025: We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group Session on Tuesday, 9 December, 2025 at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 17:00 UTC / 6pm CET ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1765299600 Time zone converter]). WikiProject Personal Pronouns members will lead three implementation sessions to improve the data modeling and ethics of personal pronoun representation in Wikidata based on newly-established best practices and Wikidata policy by remediating legacy statements with participants. No previous Wikidata experience is needed to participate. Sessions will be held on October 14, November 25, and December 9, 2025 at our regular time of 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 17:00 UTC / 6pm CET. Event page: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/PersonalPronouns|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/PersonalPronouns]] * Past Events: [https://www.sas.ac.uk/digital-humanities-research-hub/events/documenting-epigraphic-data-wikidata-ontology-practice Digital Humanities Hub: Documenting epigraphic data, Wikidata ontology practice] - December 2 & 3, 2025, both 14:00 ~ 15:30 UTC. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/03/celebrating-wikidatas-13th-birthday-in-lafia-a-day-of-learning-community-and-open-knowledge-🎉/ Wikidata 13th Birthday Celebration in Lafia] * Papers: ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.00590 Wikontic: Constructing Wikidata-Aligned, Ontology-Aware Knowledge Graphs with Large Language Models] - Chepurova ''et al''., (2025) ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.399 Victims of Posterity. Identifying Gaps on 19th-Century French Art History with Wikidata] - first paper in the [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/collections/wikidata_across_the_humanities ''Wikidata Across the Humanities: Datasets, Methodologies, Reuse''] collection by the Journal of Open Humanities Data. Authored by Claire Dupin de Beyssat. * Videos: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6T6_l2aEKXM GB Claude Code AI Agent: Fully Autonomous Wikidata Query & Visualization (Zero Human Intervention)] ** (Taiwanese Mandarin) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iadJst1IN8 Wikidata Taiwan translation project on "Creating Library Linked Data with Wikibase: Lessons Learned from Project Passage"] (as published by the OCLC) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://ranjithsiji.github.io/wikiguessr/ Wikiguessr Game] Is a Wikidata game it guess the location from Image from anywhere around the world by [[User: Ranjithsiji]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Remembering Amos Bairoch, co-contributor to [https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/52/D1/D44/7329473 Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Semantic Web of data] and consulted often for TiagoLubiana's [[d:User:CellosaurusBot|CellosaurusBot]]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> *Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13975|‎GBFS feed URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a GBFS feed for the bicycle-sharing system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13977|code of conduct URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a resource that contains the Code of Conduct of a project or organization</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13965|BFXC authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P13967|Out tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P13968|GayCities ID]], [[:d:Property:P13969|Fight.ru fighters ID]], [[:d:Property:P13970|Personality Database group ID]], [[:d:Property:P13971|‎Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China]], [[:d:Property:P13972|Macanese company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13973|‎MovieID film ID]], [[:d:Property:P13974|Teen Vogue tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P13976|‎CRT Database model ID]], [[:d:Property:P13978|PriceRunner product ID]], [[:d:Property:P13979|BWB number]], [[:d:Property:P13980|Brandenburg School ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/fragrance gender|fragrance gender]] (<nowiki>category for which a fragrance is marketed</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/perfumer|perfumer]] (<nowiki>person who created a perfume</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Discharge regime|Discharge regime]] (<nowiki>The '''[[:en:Discharge regime|discharge regime]]''' can be Glacial, Nival or Pluvial. It can be a combination of 2 : Nivo-pluvial, Pluvio-nival, Nivo-glacial, etc. Be specific (e.g. pluvial tropical, meridional, etc.). Or be complex</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/minimal pair of|minimal pair of]] (<nowiki>lexeme that differ from this one in only one phonological element</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cookpad Recipe ID|Cookpad Recipe ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sector.sk game ID|Sector.sk game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Card Player ID|Card Player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragrantica perfume ID|Fragrantica perfume ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragrantica perfume brand ID|Fragrantica perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/My Abandonware theme ID|My Abandonware theme ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identificador Banrep Cultural|Identificador Banrep Cultural]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/izoh.uz word ID|izoh.uz word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VGChartz game ID|VGChartz game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Metacritic video game genre ID|Metacritic video game genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Place Names and Places of Nova Scotia ID|Place Names and Places of Nova Scotia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Taking Stock ID|Taking Stock ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Game Font Library ID|Game Font Library ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragrantica perfume notes ID|Fragrantica perfume notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EAGER game ID|EAGER game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/AA7J Birthplace of French Heads of State] ** [https://w.wiki/ACWE Films starring Cary Grant, directed by Howard Hughes, available on YouTube] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Turkmenistan|WikiProject Turkmenistan]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q16994327|Goosebumps]] - 2015 film directed by Rob Letterman * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3958|course (L3958)]] - English noun (kɔːrs) meaning "direction of movement", "program of study", or "part of a meal" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** It's now possible to edit existing references ([[phab:T405236]]) ** We fixed a number of issues such as a problem when adding the first statements to an item ([[phab:T409069]]) ** We started work on showing constraint violation indicators ([[phab:T400676]]) ** We're working on showing errors in the edit form ([[phab:T408928]]) ** We're improving the edit summaries ([[phab:T411247]]) * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We continued working on improvements to the Databox Lua module and template * GraphQL: We continued working on the first version of GraphQL support [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Togo|Togo]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:42, 8 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29714910 --> == Tech News: 2025-50 == <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:41, 8 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XI, November 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Call for volunteers, Computer's Day and upcoming events * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Czech Radio and Wikimedia CZ launched cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Our Activities in November * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wrap up of the 2025 GLAM call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference, a NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence update & Auckland Museum Summer Students * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD and Cultural Institutions: A Year of Growth, Content, and Collaboration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025 conference, WiR Meeting and the First National Institute of Museums Training on GLAM–Wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: IT Wikicon, Faces and Masks, Matrimoine @ Genève * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Awards season- again! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: November edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Here to Help: The Next Stage of the Content Partnerships Hub * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Enriching the data set * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 04:21, 11 December 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29692345 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:56, 15 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29779168 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #710 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-15. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#709]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * [[d:Wikidata talk:Requests for comment/Mass-editing policy|The mass editing policy Request for Comments]] has a number of open questions looking for votes and comments to shape the mass-editing policy. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: * A [[:d:Wikidata:Scholia/Events/2025 12|Scholia hackathon]] is ongoing this week, focused on completing the transition of Scholia to [[:d:WD:QLever|QLever]] as the SPARQL backend for its Wikidata queries. * [[:meta:Wikimedia Indonesia/Pekan Data dan Teknologi 2025|Data and Technology Week 2025]] from 19th of December 2025 to 22 of December 2025, organized by {{Q|13098516}}. Consisted of a Wikidata Workshop, a Wikifunction Introductory Seminar and [[Wikidata:WikiProject Indonesia/Kegiatan/Datathon|Geodatathon]]. This event is in Indonesian. ** (English) [[d:Event:2025_SEA_Games_Datathon|WM Malaysia / 2025 SEA Games Datathon]] - 20.12.2025, 1200 ~ 1400 UTC. [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/2677|Register]] to contribute to items about athletes competing in [[d:Q25041680|South East Asian Games 2025 ]]<small> ([[d:Q25041680|Q25041680]])</small> ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: (French) [https://www.facebook.com/reel/2155010721972790/ Facebook post: ArkéoTopia]: Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques (CTHS) to begin integrating Wikidata * Papers: ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.438 Open Data Practices of Art Museums in Wikidata: A Compliance Assessment] - second paper of the [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/collections/wikidata_across_the_humanities ''Wikidata Across the Humanities: Datasets, Methodologies, Reuse''] collection. By Dişli et al., (2025). ** [https://ital.corejournals.org/index.php/ital/article/view/17384 VIAF Governance Concerns about the Refurbished VIAF Web and API Interfaces] by Stefano Bargioni (2025): a detailed account of the technical and governance issues experienced by [[:d:Q54919|VIAF]] in 2025 and its impact on its many external reusers, including Wikidata * Videos: ** (Italian) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=k3VZpTDOJTQ Wikidata and Wikibase for research]: Camillo Pellizzari gives an overview of Wikidata, the data model, potential as scientific research subject and tool, then a Wikibase intro and its uses beyond Wikidata, with example instance: [https://hypotheseis.wikibase.cloud/ Hypotheseis]; slides [[:commons:File:Wikidata e Wikibase per la ricerca (Seminario di cultura digitale).pdf|on Commons]] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TM4SJeJhcvg Feminist Structured data: A Conversation with Art+Feminism and Whose Knowledge?]: How feminist values can reshape structured data on Wikidata to address gaps, representation, and opportunities for collaboration across communities. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwxdyWHEhpw Community Hours: Art+Feminism community in Armenia]: Former regional A+F ambassador, Arminé Aghayan-Flisch, tells us of her experiences growing the A+F Armenian community through GLAM, Wikidata and Wikipedia. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1sD0G2Obfw PADEP 2025: Using Wikidata in Sociocultural Research]: Dr. Luis Álvarez Azcárraga teaches the course: ''Using Wikidata in Sociocultural Research: Open Databases for Social, Artistic, and Cultural Studies'' ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3hM9hc2tyM See something, change something Webinar]: @[https://www.youtube.com/?si=1fp2tMPLBvkNmrPJ 58:10], a presentation on the Wikidata agent plug-in for ArchivesSpace is given. ** [[c:File:Wikibase_Live_Session_November_2025_-_Federated_Values_Demo.webm|Wikibase Live Session / November 27]]: First demo presented of federation of values from Wikidata to Wikibases. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://broomstick.toolforge.org/ Broomstick] - Broomstick is a tool to uncover Lexemes that can be improved on Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Congratulations to [https://www.govdirectory.org Govdirectory], the [https://www.fsf.org/news/2024-free-software-awards-winners winner of the FSF's Award for Projects of Social Benefit]. * [[d:Wikidata:Tools/WikibaseJS-cli|wikibase-cli]] got [https://github.com/maxlath/wikibase-cli/blob/main/docs/write_operations.md#add-claim-unless-it-already-exists|improved support for claim reconciliation]. This is typically useful to add a claim unless it already exists. * [[m:Grants:Programs/Wikimedia Research & Technology Fund/Wikimedia Research Fund|The Wikimedia Research Fund]] is open for funding applications for research projects around the Wikimedia Projects, including Wikidata. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P13986|has grammatical number]] (<nowiki>grammatical number used in this language</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13982|‎NLI Newspaper Collection ID]], [[:d:Property:P13983|Cabinet minutes of the German Government ID]], [[:d:Property:P13984|neodb.social ID]], [[:d:Property:P13985|Flemish Community Masterpieces List item ID]], [[:d:Property:P13987|Medicin.dk medical condition ID]], [[:d:Property:P13988|‎Mapillary username]], [[:d:Property:P13989|‎Sector.sk game ID]], [[:d:Property:P13990|‎My Abandonware theme ID]], [[:d:Property:P13991|‎Encyclopedia of Shinto ID]], [[:d:Property:P13992|‎Blu-Ray.com film ID]], [[:d:Property:P13993|‎Japanese Law Translation ID]], [[:d:Property:P13994|‎Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage streets ID]], [[:d:Property:P13995|‎Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage buildings ID]], [[:d:Property:P13996|Getty Collections Archival Component ID]], [[:d:Property:P13997|CRA program account number]], [[:d:Property:P13998|FC Barcelona player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13999|Qalamos person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14000|‎KISTI conference ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/survivalhorrors.com ID|survivalhorrors.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diccionari de la llengua catalana entry ID|Diccionari de la llengua catalana entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GamesIndustry.biz game ID|GamesIndustry.biz game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WhatsOnStage Stage Names ID|WhatsOnStage Stage Names ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adventure Game Hotspot game ID|Adventure Game Hotspot game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Netflix titre|identifiant Netflix titre]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/4gamer.net game ID|4gamer.net game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragrantica perfumer ID|Fragrantica perfumer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PC Guru game ID|PC Guru game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/British Newspaper Archive publication ID|British Newspaper Archive publication ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GOG tag ID|GOG tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Open Food Facts brand ID|Open Food Facts brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Games for Change directory ID|Games for Change directory ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/GbVa All ports in Wikidata, sorted by the total number of statements] ** [https://w.wiki/Ghiv Queer and LGBT Literature that have won Literary Awards] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Improving_a_query|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/GiaY Bubble chart with numbers shown in the bubbles: Memory of the World inscriptions from Arab states] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_P244_maintenance|WikiProject P244 maintenance]] - For coordination and improvement of Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAP) via [[d:Property:P244|Library of Congress authority ID]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Museum_of_Glass|WikiProject Museum of Glass]] <small>([[d:Q2894440|Q2894440]])</small> - improving the visibility of visiting artists to the [[d:Q7896574|University of Washington Information School]] * WikiProject Highlights: Egezort's efforts in [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Mereology_Task_Force/Effort_0001:_Removing_or_migrating_part_of_statements_in_recipe_relationships|Mereology: removing/migrating part of statements in Recipe relationships]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Unauthorized_bots|34 Bots operating without a Bot flag]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q1426707|Fort George (Q1426707)]] - 18th-century fortress built in the Scottish Highlands in the aftermath of the Jacobite Rising of 1745 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L31222|mesa (L31222)]] - Spanish noun (ˈme.sa) meaning "table (furniture)", "mesa (flat-topped hill)", or "served table for dining" ''' Development ''' * Edit summaries: We made changes that will improve the automatic edit summaries of edits made using the wbeditentity API endpoint. Tools that use this endpoint to edit statements will, in some cases, now have more accurate edit summaries; this also affects how such edits are summarized in [[d:Wikidata:Edit groups|edit groups]]. ([[phab:T411247]]) * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are collecting feedback from the first wikis who got the new and improved Databox module. * Mobile statement editing: ** We are making remaining changes for the first roll-out as a beta-feature. ** We are working on showing constraint violations. ([[phab:T411602]], [[phab:T400676]]) * GraphQL: We are working on making it possible to query for Items by Property/value pair ([[phab:T403576]]) * REST API: We are improving error messages for requests that failed due to an IP block ([[phab:T404727]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Germany|Germany]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:32, 15 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29770611 --> == Tech News: 2025-51 == <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:59, 15 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == Request for Wp/kai logo review == Hello sir @[[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]], we completed the settings in the request page for [[Wp/kai]] here ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_Karai-Karai Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Karai-Karai]) and we need your help to review the logo we uploaded and confirm whether it is okay or needs some improvements. Help us please if there is any other thing missing on the page or any required settings we might have missed. Thank you in advance for your help. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|talk]]) 19:38, 15 December 2025 (UTC) == This Month in Education: December 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 12 • December 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages|WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage|Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context|What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge|WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina|Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University |WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição|Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025|Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania|New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania|New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025|Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop|Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 14:22, 17 December 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29814101 --> == ''The Signpost'': 17 December 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Interview|Part 1: Bernadette Meehan]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/News and notes|We're gonna have a party!]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/In the media|The "bigg" bosses: Robertsky and the Pope]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Traffic report|Death and stranger things]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Gallery|A feast of holidays and carols]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Obituary|Michal Lewi (Iwelam) and Alan R. King (A R King)]] * Concept: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Concept|List of xxtreme sports (redirected from Electrojousting)]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Comix|display: flex-inline;]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 20:05, 17 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29700455 --> == A barnstar for you! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Original Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Hey! I just wanted to give you this barnstar as a token of appreciation for your help around here, especially when it comes to updating [[Incubator:Featured wikis]]. Keep up the good work! [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] ([[User talk:Jon Harald Søby|talk]]) 21:44, 19 December 2025 (UTC) |} == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:26, 22 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #711 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-22. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#710]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Vitaly Zdanevich|Vitaly Zdanevich]] * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Title markup bot|Title markup bot]] - Task(s): There is a variety of HTML markup found in , violating various constraints on the property. The following task description is for a bot that can start the required cleanup process. I would like to request permission to implement the functionality outlined here as a first iteration, on the understanding that it will be extended and refined to cover more cases. It will operate within the limitation that it will only modify values, add qualifiers and update labels to keep them in-line with altered titles. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=g-8yjmnEBUs Wikidata 13th Anniversary in the Tyap Wikimedians User Group] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PifGSfnVGtw Remapping the Down Survey] - By OSM for History Buffs ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=DxEux41PqC0 Open Data DEx Demo #1 - This week's topic: Astronomy in WikiData!] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikidata-timetrail.toolforge.org Timetrail] - is a website that visualizes the movement of Wikidata items over time by mapping their associated events and locations. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland jobs: ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.career.softgarden.de/jobs/61646562/Director-of-Engineering-all-genders-/ Director of Engineering] (all genders) ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.career.softgarden.de/jobs/60133850/Senior-Data-Analyst-all-genders-/ Senior Data Analyst] (all genders) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14005|Japanese court rank]] (<nowiki>Japanese court rank of a person or a shrine</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14006|‎value of this mathematical characteristic]] (<nowiki>non-numeric value of this characteristic applied to this mathematical object</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14001|Taking Stock ID]], [[:d:Property:P14002|Antiquitatum Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P14003|The Advocate tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P14004|‎Game Font Library ID]], [[:d:Property:P14007|IMI person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14008|‎Metacritic video game genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P14009|Banrep Cultural ID]], [[:d:Property:P14013|FCC ID Database company slug]], [[:d:Property:P14016|EDBO institution code]], [[:d:Property:P14017|‎GamesIndustry.biz game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14018|‎PC Guru game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/common organism|common organism]] (<nowiki>organisms known by a common name of a biological taxon</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/part|part]] (<nowiki>exact number denoting the part of a creative work or edition</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/heir apparent|heir apparent]] (<nowiki>person designated to take on royal position after death of subject</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo perfume ID|Parfumo perfume ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo perfumer ID|Parfumo perfumer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo perfumes ID|Parfumo perfumes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo fragrance notes ID|Parfumo fragrance notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BoomerShooterDB game ID|BoomerShooterDB game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Rappels d'une production théâtrale|identifiant Rappels d'une production théâtrale]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfinity notes ID|Parfinity notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vandal game ID|Vandal game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Google Ads Transparency Center advertiser ID|Google Ads Transparency Center advertiser ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GBIF ID|GBIF ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MetroidvaniaDB game ID|MetroidvaniaDB game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Games.cz game ID|Games.cz game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Basenotes perfume brand ID|Basenotes perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Basenotes perfume people ID|Basenotes perfume people ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Basenotes perfume ID|Basenotes perfume ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CICAP Encyclopedia ID|CICAP Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Zelda Wiki ID|Zelda Wiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yaba Sanshiro ID|Yaba Sanshiro ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificador Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia|identificador Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Finnish railway station code|Finnish railway station code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fight-A-Base game ID|Fight-A-Base game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sketchfab model ID|Sketchfab model ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sketchfab channel ID|Sketchfab channel ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sketchfab user ID|Sketchfab user ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DVIDS Video ID|DVIDS Video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DeVuego game ID|DeVuego game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/4N9 Number of riots per country] ([https://twitter.com/mrlogix/status/1131050728594632706 source]) ** [https://w.wiki/4NB Country having the most female politicians] ([https://twitter.com/abiatus/status/1130963180199579649 source]) * WikiProject Highlights: Niryhpr's efforts in organising the page [[d:User:Niryhpr/WikiProject_Ports|User:Niryhpr/WikiProject_Ports]] (part of [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Indonesia/Kegiatan/Datathon|WikiProject Indonesia/Geodatathon]]) ** * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:User:Mr. Ibrahem/Language statistics for items|Language statistics for Items]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q309333|Mansa Musa]] - 14th-century ruler of the Mali Empire * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L689064|ਮਰਨ (L689064)]] - Punjabi verb (mərəɳ) meaning "to die (cease living)", "to wither or spoil", or "to give up (lose hope/energy)" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We added an indicator showing which Properties are not yet supported when creating new statements in mobile editing ([[phab:T412719|T412719]]) ** We continued working on showing constraint violations on mobile ([[phab:T411602|T411602]], [[phab:T411608|T411608]]) ** We are working on musical notation statements on mobile ([[phab:T407247|T407247]]) ** We are improving error handling for incorrectly filled and unfilled fields in mobile editing ([[phab:T408928|T408928]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:37, 22 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29806064 --> == Tech News: 2025-52 == <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:42, 22 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:20, 29 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #712 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-29. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#711]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Ppolar bear|Ppolar bear]] - RfP scheduled to end after 3 January 2026 13:40 (UTC) **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/QubeCubeBot|QubeCubeBot]] - Task/s: Continue import of [[Q272930|Swedish Parliament]] documents inline with the modeling work in [[Wikidata:WikiProject Sweden/Swedish Riksdag documents]]. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AinaliBot 3|AinaliBot 3]] - Task/s: Continue import of [[Q272930|Swedish Parliament]] documents inline with the modeling work in [[Wikidata:WikiProject Sweden/Swedish Riksdag documents]]. ''' Events ''' * This month's [[d:Wikidata:Scholia/Events/2025 12|Scholia hackathon]] has moved Scholia closer to its planned switch to a QLever backend. Beta testers can assist by exploring the [https://qlever.scholia.wiki/ interim QLever-backed Scholia instance] and [https://github.com/WDscholia/scholia/issues reporting any issues]. * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://www.swat4ls.org/workshops/amsterdam-2026/call-for-papers/ SWAT4HCLS 2026]. Amsterdam, March 23-26, with a "Wikidata in healthcare and life sciences" session and [https://www.swat4ls.org/workshops/amsterdam-2026/programme/keynotes/ Prof. Hannah Bast] as one of the keynotes ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: ** (Indonesian) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl27YhKEjV0 Introduction to Wikifunctions] presented by [[:m:User:NikolasKHF|NikolasKHF]] (Niko). In this session, Niko introduced Wikifunctions project, how to edit a function, how to add an implementation and test, and demonstrated them. This is the first Wikifunctions training in Indonesian. Slides are available on [[:c:File:(Datatek) WikiLatih Wikifungsi 2025.pdf|Commons]]. ** (Indonesian) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emWKbM_-V08 Wikidata for Academician] presented by Wikimedia Indonesia's Data and Technology team. They introduced Wikimedia Indonesia, and then explained Wikidata, its underlying concepts and a glance to its history, how to add statements and references, how to query with Wikidata Query Services, Wikidata and its potential in research fields, Wikiprojects and Wikidata:For development resources. Slides are available on [[:c:File:(Datatek) WikiLatih Wikidata untuk Wikimedian dan Akademisi 2025.pdf|Commons]]. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://github.com/altilunium/wd-nearbyitems WD-NearbyItems] : browse Wikidata Items nearby * [https://quizicledaily.com Quizicle] is a daily quiz/puzzle game that's not really a quiz and not really a puzzle. Deduce the answer from crossword-style clues with hot/cold feedback. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14025|random page URL]] (<nowiki>link to random page or item on website</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14026|specimen classifier]] (<nowiki>person who assigned the identification to a specimen</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14027|collection date]] (<nowiki>date-time or interval during which a specimen or object was collected in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14028|land degradation]] (<nowiki>amount of land that is degraded by an object, mainly for infrastructure projects</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14029|Hong Kong fire alarm level]] (<nowiki>Hong Kong fire alarm levels classification system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14035|page offset]] (<nowiki>difference between external page number printed on the work (P304) and the actual page in digital file (P7668)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14039|logical implication]] (<nowiki>axiom or conjecture that this axiom or conjecture implies</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14019|‎survivalhorrors.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P14020|‎VGChartz ID]], [[:d:Property:P14021|‎Adventure Game Hotspot game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14022|‎BoomerShooterDB game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14023|‎Vandal game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14024|GoFundMe fundraising ID]], [[:d:Property:P14030|Adult Film Database director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14031|S1 No.1 Style actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14032|‎MetroidvaniaDB game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14033|EAGER game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14034|EAGER developer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14036|‎Games.cz game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14037|‎4gamer.net game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14038|‎GOG tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P14040|‎Yaba Sanshiro ID]], [[:d:Property:P14041|‎Games for Change directory ID]], [[:d:Property:P14042|DLSite work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14043|‎DLSite person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14044|‎DLSite doujin circle ID]], [[:d:Property:P14045|‎Fight-A-Base game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14046|‎DeVuego game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Erdős Problem number|Erdős Problem number]] (<nowiki>Erdős Problem number</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PixelatedArcade genre ID|PixelatedArcade genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BRAHMS identifier|BRAHMS identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LegiStorm person ID|LegiStorm person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Game Boy Database game ID|Game Boy Database game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NHK Archives Program ID|NHK Archives Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wendingen object ID|Wendingen object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wendingen person ID|Wendingen person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RetroCollect games ID|RetroCollect games ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FIP.IT basketball player ID|FIP.IT basketball player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lenta.ru person ID|Lenta.ru person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version).|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version).]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Télérama film ID.|Télérama film ID.]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bercail ID|Bercail ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Panoramax picture ID|Panoramax picture ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/InterSportStats athlete ID|InterSportStats athlete ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Before I Play game ID|Before I Play game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3568|turn (L3568)]] - English verb (tɜːrn) meaning "to rotate", "to change direction", or "to transform" ''' Development ''' * No development happened in the past week as the team are on holidays. Happy new year everyone! [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Czech Republic|Czech Republic]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:12, 29 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29858034 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:00, 5 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29871911 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #713 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-01-05. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#712]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Morneo06|Morne06]] - RfP scheduled to end after 8 January 2026 20:35 (UTC) * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Ppolar_bear|Ppolar bear]] - general consensus is to reapply after gaining more experience. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Notability policy reform|Notability policy reform]]: first drafted in 2013, Wikidata has grown vastly since the original Notability policy was created. This first-round discussion is intended to collect ideas, comments, and reflections on how to improve the Notability Policy for what Wikidata currently is and will become. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #84 January 12 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ** [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]]: a two-day event that will take place from 13 to 14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdYOnOg1iq-8M4xWw8foHUw_7fReWTKtVH_GHzGI2_ozWww9Q/viewform?pli=1 Apply] for a grant and join the event. ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1768410000 18:00 CEST], 14th January 2026 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://doi.org/10.59350/6t2qh-2f839 Rescuing Scholia #2: getting closer] ** [https://almedaresearch.org/about-almeda/ African Literary Metadata (ALMEDA)] ** [https://www.emergentmind.com/topics/wikontic-framework Wikontic: Ontology-Aware KG Pipeline] - this article introduces Wikontic, a pipeline that builds knowledge graphs from text by enforcing Wikidata's ontological rules and merging duplicate entities. * Papers: ** [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/399200580_Using_Wikidata's_Ontology_in_Practice_A_Neuro-Symbolic_Community-Centred_Workflow_for_Integrating_and_Reusing_Humanities_Datasets Using Wikidata’s Ontology in Practice: A Neuro-Symbolic, Community-Centred Workflow for Integrating and Reusing Humanities Datasets] - This article introduces an ontology-first, community-driven workflow that aligns humanities datasets with Wikidata to address data silos and gender inequities, offering reusable modelling patterns, SPARQL-based analysis, and a neuro-symbolic AI framework that reduces bias and supports reproducible, ontology-backed knowledge graph practices. By Velilla & Ferran-Ferrer (2025). ** [https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=148575 A Semantic Wiki for Language Learning: The Case of the Baoulé Language] - The BAOULE-WIKI project introduces a semantic wiki and homograph-detection model to preserve and teach the endangered Baoulé language, achieving high accuracy while paving the way for broader digital preservation of African languages through community collaboration and integration with knowledge bases like Wikidata and DBpedia. By Kra et al., (2026). ** [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/738255 Transforming the Digital Landscape: Towards a Medieval Knowledge Graph] - Digitization has transformed medieval studies by expanding access and enabling new research methods, with future progress hinging on Linked Open Data, shareable identifiers, and collaborative knowledge graphs to truly democratize and enrich scholarship. By Burrows, (2026). ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.426 Towards a Linked Open Index: Reconciling Museum Records to Wikidata for Index of American Design Constituents] - The Index of American Design project’s reconciliation of thousands of records with Wikidata reveals both challenges and strategies for improving data alignment, while a linked Power BI tool supports ongoing monitoring of quality, access, and representation in humanities research. By Foster et al., (2026). ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.441 The “Dizionario Degli Scrittori Italiani Contemporanei Pseudonimi” in Wikidata. Pseudonymous Authors in Wikidata: Dataset and Queries] - The dataset from the MA thesis structures biographical data on 19th–20th century pseudonymous Italian authors in Wikidata, including corpus items, SPARQL queries, and analysis documents, and is reusable for further research or case studies. By De Monaco, (2025). ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://broomstick.toolforge.org/ Broomstick] is a tool by Wikicollabs it uncover Lexemes that can be improved on Wikidata. * Explore your Wikimedia activity year in review with [https://affandymurad.github.io/wiki/ Wiki Year in Review] * Wikilokal (Android version): explore the world within a 3 km radius by [[User:Affandy Murad|Affandy Murad]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * New project: [https://iupac.org/project/2025-016-3-400/ Dissemination of polymer science through Wikipedia and Wikidata] ({{Q|33438}}) * ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14047|crowdfunding target]] (<nowiki>target goal of this crowdfunding campaign</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14052|free height]] (<nowiki>vertical distance from the floor level to the lowest obstruction in the ceiling of an indoor or outdoor space</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14048|‎PixelatedArcade genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P14049|‎Game Boy Database game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14050|‎RetroCollect games ID]], [[:d:Property:P14051|MyWaifuList work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14053|Nonbinary Wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P14054|Diccionari de la llengua catalana entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P14055|DVIDS video ID]], [[:d:Property:P14056|FIP.IT basketball player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14057|Card Player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14058|Télérama film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14059|Boosty author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14060|‎Before I Play game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fungal Names taxon ID|Fungal Names taxon ID]] (<nowiki>ID number in the [[:w:Fungal Names]] database.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Braille transcription|Braille transcription]] (<nowiki>transcription in Braille</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Braille represents|Braille represents]] (<nowiki>graphene or phone that the Braille cell represents</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CNVD-ID|CNVD-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Trismegistos editor ID|Trismegistos editor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/woordenlijst lemma ID|woordenlijst lemma ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/European Vehicle Number|European Vehicle Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CourtListener person ID|CourtListener person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Norwegian railway station code|Norwegian railway station code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Australian National Kennel Council ID|Australian National Kennel Council ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museo del Marchio Italiano ID|Museo del Marchio Italiano ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E498|(E498) district electoral division]]: Schema to describe an electoral division (small political division of Ireland). * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_IrishForges|Project IrishForges]]: Describing forges and forge buildings of Ireland using Wikidata, Wikimedia and other sources. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ireland|Project Ireland]]: A hub for all Ireland-related Wikidata activities including cross-Wikiproject tasks. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_HistoricIrishPlacenames|Project Historic Irish Placenames]]: focusing on County Kilkenny, connect historic placenames with their modern counterparts or create new items for ''"lost places"''. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Sweden/Svenska_psalmodikon|Svenska psalmodikon]]: A sub-project for the [[d:Q3354977|psalmodikon <small>(Q3354977)</small>]], a stringed-instrument popular in Sweden. * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Limits_of_Wikidata/WikiProjects_as_decentralized_governance|WikiPojects as decentralized governance]] - this sub-page of the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Limits_of_Wikidata|Limits of Wikidata project]] proposes WikiProjects become caretakers of collections or subgraphs of relevant items. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q717|Venezuela (Q717)]] - country in South America * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L155644|размах (L155644)]] - Russian noun (rɐzˈmax) meaning "amplitude (of a swing)", "physical span or width", or "scale/scope (of an activity)" ''' Development ''' * No development happened in the past week as the team are just returning from the holidays. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:21, 5 January 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29884794 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso. Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:45, 12 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29894468 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XII, December 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Global GLAM Calls Continue in 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence, 2025, in Elbasan Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Resume of the year * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: AMaGA partnership, signing the Open Heritage Statement and South Australian Museum Partner Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day 2026, Circus Heritage and Fosdem * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Preparándonos para celebrar el día del dominio público - Getting ready for the Public Domain Day celebration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Exploring Italy and Unlocking Its Heritage: Touring Club Italiano and GLAM Call 2026–2028 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference follow-up Wiki webinar & Auckland Museum student update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Public Domain, Conferences, and Conversations on Open Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM on Tour Bellinzona, Xmas Event, GLAM Wiki Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:58, 12 January 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29895284 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #714 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-01-12. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#713]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AmeisenBot 3|AmeisenBot 3]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding descriptions (and possibly labels and aliases as well) to items based on their statements. * New CheckUser requests: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/CheckUser/Saroj|Saroj]] (RfP scheduled to end at 25 January 2026 09:31 UTC) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1768410000 18:00 CEST], 14th January 2026 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[MW:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] is launching a new office hours series starting [[:Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_January_2026|'''January 27th''']], 2026 and continuing on the first Tuesday of each month. The scope of this series is be limited to [[:Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update|Blazegraph migration]] support for the entirety of 2026. Participants are encouraged to register in advance for each session and may optionally add a brief description of their migration-related questions to [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours the shared Etherpad] to help guide preparation. ''See [[:Wikidata:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours|Blazegraph Migration office hour page]] for more details'' ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/05/wikidata-at-13-fante-wikimedians-joins-the-celebration/ Wikidata at 13: Fante Wikimedians Joins the Celebration] * Papers: [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003584155-3/structuring-sights-stories-pausanias-wikidata-john-brady-kiesling-anna-foka-kyriaki-konstantinidou-linda-talatas-elton-barker Structuring the Sights and Stories of Pausanias with Wikidata] - The Digital Periegesis project leverages Wikidata and linked open data tools to annotate, disambiguate, and connect Pausanias’s complex 2nd‑century text, enhancing accessibility, interoperability, and scholarly engagement with Greece’s historical and mythological landscape. By Kiesling et al., (2025) * Videos: (Papiamento) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PukvB8Viw_0 Wikipedia on Aruba | Episode 8: How to add a new topic (item) to Wikidata] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://knowledgetrain.toolforge.org/ Knowledge Train] A game to create a train of knowledge with the power of Wikidata - User:Athulvis ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/MAKNPEWKTYJAJTIIDM6MWU3YMA5KHSXB/ Mobile statement editing is now available as a beta feature on Wikidata]. Enable the Beta feature in your preferences settings, head to [[d:Q4115189|Wikidata Sandbox (Q4115189)]] (in mobile view) to test it and share your feedback here: [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]]. * The [[MW:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. To have new issues of the WDP '''monthly''' newsletter delivered to your user talk page, {{#tag:span| [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|Subscribe to WDP newsletter!]] | style=background-color:#E7F527; border-radius:3px; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold;}} ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14067|common organism]] (<nowiki>organisms known by this common name</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14059|Boosty author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14060|‎Before I Play game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14061|‎Korea Heritage Service Heritage Portal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14062|‎KaraokeTexty.cz artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14063|‎KaraokeTexty.cz song ID]], [[:d:Property:P14064|‎Showlabs ID]], [[:d:Property:P14065|DEUMM Online ID]], [[:d:Property:P14066|Slekt og Data cemetery ID]], [[:d:Property:P14068|Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14069|EZB library ID]], [[:d:Property:P14070|topic of Dictionary of Canadian biography identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14071|Cover Art Archive image]], [[:d:Property:P14072|‎X broadcast ID]], [[:d:Property:P14073|Theaterencyclopedie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14074|Maitron biography ID (new version)]], [[:d:Property:P14075|‎Scilit organization ID]], [[:d:Property:P14076|Fragrantica perfume ID]], [[:d:Property:P14077|Fragrantica perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14078|izoh.uz word ID]], [[:d:Property:P14079|‎Place Names and Places of Nova Scotia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14080|Fragrantica perfume notes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14081|Fragrantica perfumer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14082|Parfumo perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14083|Parfumo perfumer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14084|Parfumo perfume ID]], [[:d:Property:P14085|Parfumo fragrance notes ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artistagraph ID|Artistagraph ID]] (<nowiki>Identifies the Artistagraph for an artistIdentifier for creative works on Artistagraph, a platform for documenting and discovering artist information and creative work connections</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of tunnel tubes|number of tunnel tubes]] (<nowiki>Number of parallel tubes in a tunnel.</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review:: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mapillary sequence ID|Mapillary sequence ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/People's Graphic Design Archive creator ID|People's Graphic Design Archive creator ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Uni24k indentifier|Uni24k indentifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels BeStAddress municipality ID|Brussels BeStAddress municipality ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels BeStAddress street name ID|Brussels BeStAddress street name ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels BeStAddress address ID|Brussels BeStAddress address ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikifunctions object|Wikifunctions object]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MAX username|MAX username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei ID|Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Retro Web company ID|The Retro Web company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schulnummer Berlin|Schulnummer Berlin]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KCI article ID|KCI article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/HKna Timeline of coup d'états] **[https://w.wiki/HMYd All towns named Versailles] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q487338|mojito]] - traditional Cuban highball cocktail ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We have released the first version of mobile statement editing as a beta feature (see details above). In addition we are improving it further and are adding missing functionality to get it ready for a full release. This includes adding editing support for additional data types such as date and musical notation. * Blazegraph replacement: The Wikidata platform team is continuing their evaluation of alternative backends for the Wikidata Query Service. * Graph QL: We are continuing to work on the prototype to get it ready for wider testing and are waiting on a security review. * Dumps: We fixed an issue where the "latest" symlinks to data dumps weren't working correctly. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are investigating how to further reduce the number of unnecessary changes showing up in watchlist and recent changes coming from Wikidata. The work on this is also helping reduce the size of the recent changes database table, which is especially important on larger Wikipedias. In addition we are continuing to improve the Databox module to make it easier for smaller Wikipedias to get Wikidata-powered infoboxes. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:59, 12 January 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29895747 --> == Tech News: 2026-03 == <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:30, 12 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == ''The Signpost'': 15 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/News and notes|Wikipedia's 25th anniversary is here!]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Special report|Wikipedia at 25: A Wake-Up Call]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Serendipity|The WMF wants to buy you books!]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/WikiProject report|Time for a health check: the Vital Signs 2026 campaign]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/In the media|Fake Acting President Trump and a Wikipedia infobox]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Community view|The inbox behind Wikipedia]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Recent research|Art museums on Wikidata; comparing three comparisons of Grokipedia and Wikipedia]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Traffic report|Tonight I'm gonna rock you]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Comix|Oh come on man.]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 15:18, 15 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29899914 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze. Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:14, 19 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #715 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-01-19. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#714]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Deprecate_P642|Deprecate P642?]] - Consensus to deprecate was reached. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://www.wikimedia.nz/wikifying-te-tiriti-based-futures/ Wikifying Te Tiriti] 10-workshop series, attendees will learn how to contribute to Wikipedia and create Wikidata items, to increase the visibility of people and their projects working in Te Tiriti and anti-racism areas. Further information can be found on the [[w:WikiProject:_Wikifying_Te_Tiriti-based_Futures|WikiProject page]] / [[w:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Pakoire/WikiProject:_Wikifying_Te_Tiriti-based_Futures#Timetable|Workshop timetable]]. [https://learn-to-wikify-ttbf.lilregie.com/booking/attendees/new Register to attend]. ** [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Uganda|Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Uganda]] - contribute to the project by expanding or creating Wikidata Items connected to the project categories, such as Ugandan folklore, food, music, dances, traditional clothing, and more. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2026/01/new-wikimedian-in-residence-at-lse/ The London School of Economics and Political Science have employed a Wikimedian in Residence] ** Wikimedia Indonesia held [[:m:Wikimedia Indonesia/Pekan Data dan Teknologi 2025|Data and Technology Week 2025]] in last December 2025, organized introductory workshops on Wikidata and Wikifunctions. Read key takeaways and participants' discussion at [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/16/introducing-data-and-functions-reflections-from-indonesian-data-and-technology-week-2025/ Diff]. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/14/wikidata-days-2025-journey-in-africa-building-knowledge-languages-and-communities/ Wikidata Days 2025 Journey in Africa: Building Knowledge, Languages and Communities] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/18/wikidata-botswana-2025-celebrating-13-years-and-we-really-showed-up-%F0%9F%8E%89/ Wikidata Botswana 2025: Celebrating 13 Years (And We Really Showed Up!)] * Papers: ** A new monographic number of [[:d:Q3805294|JLIS.it]] has been published regarding the [[:d:Q105086090|OPAC SBN]] (the biggest collective library catalogue in Italy, with more than 7 thousands of libraries participating; about its collaboration with Wikidata, see [[:d:Wikidata:Gruppo Wikidata per Musei, Archivi e Biblioteche/SBN|the Wikidata coordination page]]); it contains 3 papers focusing on the use of Wikidata for authority control (all in Italian, with abstract in English): *** [[:d:Q137786824|''Wikidata and SBN: An Assessment of Two Years of Work (2023–2025)'']]: an overview Wikidata-SBN of the collaboration in 2023-2025, focusing on the methods of reconciliation *** [[:d:Q137787153|''Wikidata-Enhanced Authority Records: A Project for Personal Names in SBN'']]: a description of the procedure to extract data from Wikidata items matches with SBN authority records and adapt these data to be copied into non-individualised SBN authority records *** [[:d:Q137787159|''NaMo, utility for populating missing date fields in authority records'']]: a description of an utility to keep an authority file up-to-date finding missing death dates through Wikidata ** [https://jlis.fupress.net/index.php/jlis/article/view/677 Wikidata-Enhanced Authority Records: A Project for Personal Names in SBN] - A collaboration between Wikimedia Italy and ICCU is enriching incomplete SBN authority records using Wikidata identifiers, enhancing catalogue accuracy and accessibility as entries continue to grow. By Ravelli, (2026). ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://puzzles.madebynathan.com/chains Puzzles By Nathan] is a game that arrange words so each connects to the next ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editing for RTL languages: The Wikimedia Deutschland team is seeking users of right-to-left (RTL) scripts, including Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, and Urdu, to help test and improve the mobile statement editing experience. If you edit in an RTL language and would like to join user interviews or deeper testing, [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/direct sign up here]. * (French) [https://observablehq.com/@workspace2138/odonymes-femmes Gendered place names in the public space of French-speaking Switzerland] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14086|Parfinity notes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14087|‎Google Ads Transparency Center advertiser ID]], [[:d:Property:P14088|Basenotes perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14089|Basenotes perfume people ID]], [[:d:Property:P14090|Basenotes perfume ID]], [[:d:Property:P14091|Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei ID]], [[:d:Property:P14092|MAX username]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/location collected|location collected]] (<nowiki>geographic location where a specimen or sample was collected in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Category for music in this language|Category for music in this language]] (<nowiki>link to category item that contains music in this language</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Thyssen-Bornemisza work ID|Thyssen-Bornemisza work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CriticDB IDs|CriticDB IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MPA certificate number|MPA certificate number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WorldFootball.net person ID (new)|WorldFootball.net person ID (new)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Session tune ID|The Session tune ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo fragrance note ID|Parfumo fragrance note ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/HVed Timeline of elected germanic Roman emperors] ** [https://w.wiki/HXVa Universities without a P625 (coordinate location)] - [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#query_to_show_university_without_coordinate_location|Source]] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E24|film director (E24)]] * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Rijksmonumenten/Maintenance/Unmerge|Rijksmonumenten Unmerge list]] - list of items with more than one [[d:Property:P359|P359 (Rijksmonumenten ID)]]. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Stanford_Libraries|Stanford Libraries]] added an event: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Stanford_Libraries/Events/LDW2026|Love Data Week 2026]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Special:EntitiesWithoutLabel|Entities without a Label]] - this list is dynamically created, search by language code and entity type: Item or Property. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q253414|FIFA (Q253414)]] - international governing body of association football * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3922|charge (L3922)]] - English verb (tʃɑːrdʒ) meaning "to supply with energy", "to rush forward", or "to have responsibility for" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We continued work on supporting more datatypes for editing, specifically date, musical notation and monolingual text. ** We worked on displaying constraint violation indicators. ** You can try out the current state by enabling it in the beta features section of your preferences. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to investigate options for further reducing the amount of Wikidata changes in recent changes and watchlist on the other wikis to reduce the size of the database tables. * Dumps: We finished our research on dumps, especially looking into different ways to define subsets. We will publish the report with results by end of February. * Wikidata Query Service: The Wikidata Platform team is continuing the evaluation of potential replacements for Blazegraph. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:25, 19 January 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29942616 --> == Tech News: 2026-04 == <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:26, 19 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese. Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome. Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:05, 26 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #716 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-01-26. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#715]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: :* Reminder: Blazegraph Migration Office Hours: The [[mw:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] is kicking off its monthly Blazegraph migeration office hours tomorrow, {{zonestamp|2026-01-27 16:00|27th January, 16:00 UTC}}. These sessions focus exclusively on supporting the migration away from Blazegraph as the backend of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS). ''[[Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_January_2026|See the office hours page for details and future sessions.]]'' :* Art+Feminism online hands-on training session: Intro to Wikidata + Archives. January 29, 15:00 UTC (16:00 CET). [[d:User:Alan_Ang_(WMDE)|Alan Ang (WMDE)]] and [[d:User:Epìdosis]] host this workshop on collective editing and how Wikidata connects with archives. More info and Zoom registration @ [https://artandfeminism.org/edit_a_thon/intro-to-wikidata-archives Art+Feminism.org] :* OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #85 February 9 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. :* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czndc9Ekzb8 Mapping Africa: Visualizing Knowledge and Communities] - 28.01.2026, 16:00 UTC. Episode #54 of the WikiAfrica Hour explores the power of maps and geospatial data. * General Registration is Open! [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/OG6M6XHHTMO7G4VVB27C4ZUJDX4VLDLE/ 2026 Wikimedia Hackathon] - May 1-3, 2026 ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://forum.clarin.eu/t/wikidata-replaces-the-clarin-concept-registry-in-the-component-registry/1205 Wikidata replaces the CLARIN Concept Registry in the Component Registry] * Papers: ** [https://odr.chalmers.se/items/4b2db132-b688-4bb1-a84c-4e614b9f1916 Analysis and Generation of Wikidata Descriptions Focusing on Bangla Language] - A rule-based Grammatical Framework resource grammar for Bangla generates accurate, consistent Wikidata descriptions across diverse entities, achieving over 99% coverage and enhancing low-resource language content in multilingual knowledge bases. By Mohammad, (2025). * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eT_VTTeaig4&pp=0gcJCTMBo7VqN5tD Fact-Checking with Wikidata by Philippe Saadé] - a recording of the workshop hosted by DataTalks.Club in collaboration with [[d:User:Philippe_Saade_(WMDE)|User:Philippe Saadé]] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wXaHJ85g88A Wikimedia and Biodiversity Data: A Mutualistic Relationship in the Open Knowledge Ecosystem] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHxq0YJU-OM Collaborative Cultural Heritage Geodata], session 2 of SunoikisisDC's ''Digital Approaches to Cultural Heritage''. Discusses how Wikidata is used and contributes data to the field of spatial and geographic technologies. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGK0qQ3hRkA Wikimedia projects & smell-related content: WMUK Sandbox Session] - [[d:User:Lajmmoore|User:Lajmmoore]] describes how to add and model sensory experiences such as smell, to Wikidata. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://property-helper.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Property Creation Helper] is a tool by [[User:ArthurPSmith|ArthurPSmith]]. The tool takes a property proposal page and translates it into a QuickStatements batch (and then a second one for the examples) that a property creator can use to quickly create a new property. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland 2026 first quarter development plan has been published: [[d:Wikidata:Linked Open Data development plan|Wikidata:Linked Open Data development plan]]. * '''Job opening:''' The Wikimedia Foundation is hiring a Wikidata Platform Backend Migration Specialist (contract position) to support backend migration work on the Wikidata Query Service. This role focuses on technical work related to the migration away from Blazegraph. If you're interested in the role or want to learn more, see the [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/7545685 full job description and application details]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14094|translates from]] (<nowiki>language(s) that this person, company or organization translates works texts from</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14095|translates into]] (<nowiki>language(s) that this person, company or organization translates works and texts into</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14092|MAX username]], [[:d:Property:P14093|CriticDB game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14096|‎Finnish railway station code]], [[:d:Property:P14097|Sketchfab model ID]], [[:d:Property:P14098|Sketchfab channel ID]], [[:d:Property:P14099|Sketchfab user ID]], [[:d:Property:P14100|BRAHMS identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14101|LegiStorm person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14102|NHK Archives program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14103|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version)]], [[:d:Property:P14104|Bercail ID]], [[:d:Property:P14105|‎InterSportStats athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P14106|‎Erdős Problem number]], [[:d:Property:P14107|Trismegistos editor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14108|‎woordenlijst lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P14109|‎European Vehicle Number]], [[:d:Property:P14110|CourtListener person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14111|Australian National Kennel Council ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/incompatible type|incompatible type]] (<nowiki>instances of this type or of its subclasses cannot be instances of that type nor of its subclasses</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KaraokeTexty.cz album ID|KaraokeTexty.cz album ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical encyclopedia of Maros County-ID|Biographical encyclopedia of Maros County-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ShotOnWhat film ID|ShotOnWhat film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 ID|Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CardCow.com publisher ID|CardCow.com publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stockholms SL Realtidsinformation identificator|Stockholms SL Realtidsinformation identificator]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lost Pubs Project ID|Lost Pubs Project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Handball Base ID|Handball Base ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Handballnews.pl person ID|Handballnews.pl person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SFDb förlaga-ID|SFDb förlaga-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RITVA company ID|RITVA company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RITVA corporate body ID|RITVA corporate body ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TC Infos network identifier|TC Infos network identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/French Trade Mark Number|French Trade Mark Number]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/Hbge Wikidata Items with a frequency (hertz) within human-hearing range] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#List_only_items_that_have_a_frequency_in_hertz_and_in_our_hearing_range|source]]) * Schema examples: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Schemas/Tutorial|WikiProject Schemas: A tutorial]] - to create a simple ShEx schema and apply it to a set of Wikidata items. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_No_Longer_at_the_Margins/Hackathon_2026|No Longer at the Margins - 2026 Hackathon]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Bahamas/buildings_in_Nassau|WikiProject Bahamas - list of buildings in Nassau]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Special:EntitiesWithoutDescription|Entities missing a description]] - choose a language and entity type (Item or Property) and generate a list of entities that have no description. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q7296|Mount Kilimanjaro]] - mountain massif in Kilimanjaro National Park in Tanzania * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L130056|мундштук (L130056)]] - Russian noun (mʊnʂˈtuk) meaning "mouthpiece (of a musical instrument)", "mouthpiece (of a pipe/cigar holder)", or "a horse's bit" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We started working on supporting editing of monolingual text statements ** We continued working on supporting editing of geocoordinate and quantity statements ** We are fixing display issues with date statements ** We continued work on showing constraint violations * GraphQL: ** The security review was finished, removing a blocker to deploying GraphQL support to Wikidata ** We added pagination to querying items by statement properties or values ** We are extending the labels of linked entities functionality to also let you get the descriptions of the Items linked in a statement * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to investigate options for further reducing the amount of Wikidata changes in recent changes and watchlist on the other wikis to reduce the size of the database tables. * Wikidata Query Service: The Wikidata Platform team is continuing the evaluation of potential replacements for Blazegraph. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus countries: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Albania|Albania]] and [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Kosovo|Kosovo]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:28, 26 January 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29942616 --> == Tech News: 2026-05 == <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:14, 26 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == This Month in Education: January 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto "25x25" llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 18:26, 28 January 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29951116 --> == ''The Signpost'': 29 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Traffic report|The most viewed articles of 2025]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News and notes|Good news... but also bad news for the Public Domain]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News from Diff|Solving puzzles together]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/In the media|Every view on the 25th anniversary of everything]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Comix|Perspectives]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 06:31, 29 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29988053 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:32, 2 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #717 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-02-02. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#716]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Sapper-bot_2|Sapper-bot 2]] - Task: Monthly updates of the [[d:Q23883|Dead Sea]] level and the "lowest point" property for [[d:Q801|Israel]], [[d:Q810|Jordan]], and [[d:Q48|Asia]]. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/LiteraryWorksMetaDataUploadBot|LiteraryWorksMetaDataUploadBot]] - Task: Upload metadata for literary works from research project. (Approved) * Other: [[d:Wikidata:Administrators'_noticeboard#Proposal_to_configure_the_Newcomer_Dashboard_for_Wikidata|Proposal to configure the Newcomer Dashboard for Wikidata]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/27/call-for-sessions-wikimania-2026-is-coming-to-paris/ Call for Sessions: Wikimania 2026 is Coming to Paris]! The submission form will remain open until March 1. Results will be published in May. ** Who's hiding behind museum collections? - A Wikidata Edit-a-thon by [https://winoda.de/en/english/ WiNoDa Knowledge Lab] (February 24th, 1:00pm-4:30pm CET). This online Edit-a-thon will focus on the many collectors that contributed to the [[q:Q136406087|Arachnida and Miryapoda collection of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin]]. Join us to uncover the unspoken human networks that shaped the history of science! Register here: http://winoda.de/en/event/wikidata-edit-a-thon/ ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/01/celebrating-latin-american-public-domain-in-2026/ Strengthening the Latin American public domain with Wikidata] * Thesis: Hebeis, Maximilian (2026): [https://doi.org/10.20378/irb-112660 ''Entity Matching for Person Records in Authority Files''], Bamberg: Otto-Friedrich-Universität (Master thesis in computer science: "a case study into applying learningbased entity matching to person records from two large authority databases, namely the [[:d:Q36578|German national Integrated Authority File (GND)]] and the crowd-sourced open knowledge base Wikidata") * Papers: Special Collection of the Journal of Open Humanities Data (JOHD): ''Wikidata across the humanities: datasets, methodologies, reuse'', https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/collections/wikidata_across_the_humanities (new papers have been published during the last week; see a list at [[:d:Q136325279#P527]]) * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUtvW94US_M Africa Wiki Women 1st Newbies Community Meetup] - held an orientation for new members on editing Wikidata, Wikipedia, and Commons, to help bridge knowledge gaps of African women on Wiki platforms. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czndc9Ekzb8 Mapping Africa: Visualizing Knowledge and Communities] - explores how African communities use maps and geospatial data to enhance Wikidata, improve Wikimedia articles, and make local knowledge more visible globally. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://github.com/altilunium/wdlist Wdlist : Create and manage a personal list of Wikidata items.] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland Job vacancy - [https://wikimedia-deutschland.career.softgarden.de/jobs/62397164/Architect-of-Storage-Solutions-all-genders---6-weeks-Freelance-contract/ Architect of Storage Solutions] - (freelance contract / 4-6 weeks) * You can now nominate your favorite Wikidata research award for 2025. [https://research.wikimedia.org/awards.html Call for Nominations] now open until February 15, 2026. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14112|U.S. Copyright Office Public Records System name ID]], [[:d:Property:P14113|Lenta.ru person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/value type of this mathematical property|value type of this mathematical property]] (<nowiki>type of the value of this mathematical property when applied to this object or this type of objects</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gifu Prefectural Shrine Association ranking|Gifu Prefectural Shrine Association ranking]] (<nowiki>One of the three rankings given by the Gifu Prefectural Shrine Association</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/instances must not have|instances must not have]] (<nowiki>instances of this class or of its subclasses must not have given property or statement</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/African Scientists Directory ID|African Scientists Directory ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a scientist in the African Scientists Directory</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Center for Jewish History person ID|Center for Jewish History person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LINCS ID|LINCS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artdoc.Media film ID|Artdoc.Media film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 practice ID|Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 practice ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Walloon-French dictionary ID|Walloon-French dictionary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Russian Register of Film Distribution Certificates ID|Russian Register of Film Distribution Certificates ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID|Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant inventaire Nouvelle-Aquitaine|Identifiant inventaire Nouvelle-Aquitaine]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek ID|Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Woordenboek van Nieuwe Woorden ID|Woordenboek van Nieuwe Woorden ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal ID|Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Woordcombinaties ID|Woordcombinaties ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands ID|Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Database of the Southern Dutch Dialects concept ID|Database of the Southern Dutch Dialects concept ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GiveSendGo ID|GiveSendGo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CrowdRepublic project ID|CrowdRepublic project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/European Dictionary Portal ID|European Dictionary Portal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gravestone Project Cemetery ID|Gravestone Project Cemetery ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Uzbek-Russian dictionary ID|Uzbek-Russian dictionary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ruwiki ID|Ruwiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swedish National Archives ID|Swedish National Archives ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GDUNO ID|GDUNO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JMRC person id|JMRC person id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Catalunya Romànica ID|Catalunya Romànica ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mercantile Navy List ID|Mercantile Navy List ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Igromania author ID|Igromania author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Danmarks Kirker|Danmarks Kirker]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Medvik ID|Medvik ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Obálky knih ID|Obálky knih ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Theatre in Prague artist ID|National Theatre in Prague artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Theatre in Prague performance ID|National Theatre in Prague performance ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Alpine Linux Wiki article|Alpine Linux Wiki article]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Microsoft Store developer ID|Microsoft Store developer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/Hg$g Item with a Wikipedia page in lang. X but not Y] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Wikidata_instance_with_page_on_language_wikis|source]]) - modify the wd: QID and the schema:isPartOf for your own purposes. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Chess/Lists/Rubinstein-Memorial|WikiProject Chess - Rubinstein-Memorial list]] ** [[d:Wikidata:Wikiproject_Units_of_Measurement|WikiProject Units of Measurement]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Medicine/List_of_Italian_doctors|Wikiproject Medicine - List of Italian Doctors]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Evanion_Collection|WikiProject Evanion Collection]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_every_politician/Canada|WikiProject every Politician / Canada]] - all Commons lists were updated. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/to_delete|Variety of reports for deletion candidates]] ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are making progress with identifying additional ways in which we can reduce the number of irrelevant changes from Wikidata showing up in recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co. ** We are discussing with pilot Wikipedias about turning on showing Wikidata changes by default in watchlist and recent changes (moving it from opt-in to opt-out) * GraphQL: We are putting the last touches on a GraphQL endpoint for Wikidata. We are planning to get it live later this month for feedback. * LDF endpoint: We are planning to decommission the endpoint in preparation for the migration away from Blazegraph on the 18th of February ([[phab:T415696]]) * Mobile statement editing: ** We are almost done with adding support for editing statements with quantity and monolingual text datatype and finished support for mathematical expression statements. We started support for editing coordinate statements. ** We are continuing the work on showing constraint violations. * Wikibase Ecosystem: We are in the process of setting up a demo system for ontology federation (i.e. using Wikidata Items as values in statements on another Wikibase instance) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:42, 2 February 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29942616 --> == Tech News: 2026-06 == <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:40, 2 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #718 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-02-09. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#717]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://numishare.blogspot.com/2026/01/improving-searchability-using-natural.html Numishare Blog: Improving searchability using Natural language Processing + Wikidata] - How NLP-based search improvements for [[d:Q631286|numismatic]] collections for the [[d:Q1256518|American Numismatic Society]]. Python NLP tools and Wikidata add a semantic layer that links equivalent terms (e.g. “serpent” and “snake”) to improve discovery across coin databases such as OCRE and MANTIS. Author: [[d:Q57432992|Ethan Gruber]]. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vRrasGCifE Art+Feminism Conversations / Intro to Wikidata + Archives]: Led by [[d:User:Ep%C3%ACdosis|User:Epìdosis]] and [[d:User:Alan_Ang_(WMDE)|User:Alan Ang (WMDE)]], this recording covers tools that support collaborative Wikidata editing, and includes with brief updates on mobile editing, Wikibase software, and work at the intersection of AI and Wikidata. Find more info and tools covered on [[m:Art%2BFeminism:_Intro_to_Wikidata_and_Archives|Meta:Art+Feminism]] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8S1Ay5UWvo Custom Upload Funnel Creation on Wikimedia Commons: Wiki Loves Africa 2026] - [[d:User:Kambai_Akau|User:Kambai Akau]] and the [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Africa_2026_in_the_Tyap_Community|Tyap User Group]] demonstrate how to contribute to the Wiki Loves Africa 2026 contest, incl. how to add a Wikidata Infobox to your contributions, and how to create Wikidata Items if they are missing. ** (Papiamento) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiZAvrop_yU Add a different language Label to a Wikidata Item] Wikipedia Above Aruba|Ep. 9 - it's not always obvious how to add labels, descriptions and aliases of different languages to Wikidata items, this short video demonstrates how. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9tbLc5czbU Hands-on Exercise: Data Cleaning & Preparation with OpenRefine] - Daniel Garjio guides through exercises to cluster and merge duplicate values, standardise formats, reconcile data with external authority sources such as Wikidata. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srLq6dXjGc4 Mapeo colaborativo, plataformas libres y autonomía local], part of the [[m:Conferencia_Justicia_climática_Perú_2024|Conference on Climate Justice, Indigenous Voices, and Wikimedia Platforms (2024)]] - speaker: Túllio Morais Franca shows how to integrate mapping tools suchas OpenStreetMap and Mapillary with Wikidata, Commons and Wikipedia. ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://clarity-tool.toolforge.org/ Wiki Clarity Tool]: Clarity Tool is a lightweight web application built to empower editors across Wikipedia, Wikidata, and Wikimedia Commons. It helps contributors identify missing information in articles and suggests structured data from Wikidata to fill those gaps. * [https://ga-kevin-codes.github.io/Suggest-A-Brand/ Name Suggestion Index : Submit a Brand] - A tool that links Wikidata brand items to the [https://github.com/osmlab/name-suggestion-index Name Suggestion Index project on OpenStreetMap]. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editors can now edit String and External ID datatypes directly in the mobile view. To help improve this new interface, Wikimedia Deutschland is looking for volunteers for UX testing sessions. Participants will be compensated for their time. Sign up [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/apply here] (greatquestion) and learn more on the project page: [[d:Wikidata:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14115|‎braille transcription]] (<nowiki>transcription in Braille</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14117|location collected]] (<nowiki>geographic location where a specimen or sample was collected in the field</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14114|Rappels theatrical production ID]], [[:d:Property:P14116|Berlin School ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Siège occupé|Siège occupé]] (<nowiki>{{TranslateThis | fr = siège occupé par une personne au sein d'une académie ou autre société à ''numerus clausus'' }}</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Standard Number|Standard Number]] (<nowiki>A standard serial number</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MusicaPopular.cl ID|MusicaPopular.cl ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JMRC person id (en)|JMRC person id (en)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography ID|Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CAMEO page ID|CAMEO page ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TeamNL athlete ID (new)|TeamNL athlete ID (new)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/World Flora Online Plant List|World Flora Online Plant List]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/radeberger-stadtgeschichte.de Objekt Identifikator|radeberger-stadtgeschichte.de Objekt Identifikator]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Master Ideographs Seeker Character ID|Master Ideographs Seeker Character ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Flohic ID|Flohic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Oricon News person ID|Oricon News person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/radiko person ID|radiko person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Xcity actress ID|Xcity actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TV Drama Database Program ID|TV Drama Database Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Van Dale Rijmwoordenboek sentences ID|Van Dale Rijmwoordenboek sentences ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Van Dale Rijmwoordenboek word ID|Van Dale Rijmwoordenboek word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BISMaL taxon ID|BISMaL taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vlaams Woordenboek ID|Vlaams Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kotobank Japanese ID|Kotobank Japanese ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nişanyan Adlar ID|Nişanyan Adlar ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/HkTZ Items with two or more Olympedia people ID] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Wikidata_entries_with_multiple_Olympedia_IDs|source]]) - find duplicate external identifier. ** [https://w.wiki/Hndn Music roll releases with recordings of works performed by composer] ([[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Piano_Rolls/Queries|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Progressive_Metal|WikiProject progressive Metal]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Basque_Cultural_Heritage_and_GLAM|Wikiproject Basque Cultural heritage and GLAM]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/single_sitelink_template_items|'Template' items with only one sitelink]] - per [[d:Wikidata:Notability|Wikidata:Notability]], "''If a link is a template, the item must contain at least two such sitelinks...''" * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|133866932}} - a 2025 thriller film, winner of the Palme d’Or at the 2025 Cannes Film Festival * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: ''' Development ''' * Dumps: We published the [[:File:Wikidata Dumps Discovery Research Report.pdf|report from our research into the user experience with Wikidata's dumps]]. * Mobile editing: We are finalizing the support for quantity, monolingual text, mathematical expression and musical notation statements as well as a first version for coordinate statements. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We have continued our investigation into existing Lua modules in order to find more ways in which we can reduce unwanted entries from Wikidata in Recent changes and watchlists on Wikipedia and co. We found a number of options that we are looking into now. ([[phab:T416822]], [[phab:T416825]], [[phab:T416826]], [[phab:T416827]]) * Wikidata Vector embedding: We added German to the embedding (next to English, French and Arabic) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30044779 --> == Tech News: 2026-07 == <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:27, 9 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue I, January 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Wikipedia at 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Pap-Wikipedia Turns 20: A Milestone for Papiamento/u Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Celebrando el día del dominio público 2026/Celebrating the public domain day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikipedia's Birthday in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Gifted by our friends: Loads of presents for Wikipedia25 by German and Austrian GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Activities in December-January * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Knowledge in action: Barindelli collection and Wikipedia 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Image donation Dutch Book History * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Student Edit-a-thon, the NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence project, and other residencies * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM Program of Wikimedia MKD – 2026 Overview * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Explore Historic Portraits from the Museum of Photography in Kraków * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: January in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum in Chiasso, Alpine Museum, Women Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Sharing more of the Enamels of the World * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Map the GLAM report|Map the GLAM report]]: Wiki and GLAM: Harnessing Knowledge to Foster Gender Equality * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts on Arabic Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Two key Wikidata Requests for Comments, relevant for future GLAM-Wiki work * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:34, 11 February 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30055818 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #719 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-02-16. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#718]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator#Sjö|Sjö]] - RfP scheduled to end after 17 February 2026 10:02 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/SEEKCommonsBot|SEEKCommonsBot]] - Task: Synchronize Wikidata records created by the [https://seekcommons.org/ SEEKCommons] project with [https://openalex.org/ OpenAlex] * Closed request for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/AmeisenBot_3|AmeisenBot 3]] - Task: Adding descriptions (and possibly labels and aliases as well) to items based on their statements. Request closed as approved. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Che-W-bot|Che-W-bot]] - Request withdrawn. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session 17 February, 2026: We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group Session on Tuesday, February 17 9am PT / 12pm ET / 17:00 UTC / 6pm CET (Time zone converter). Wikiproject P244 maintenance uses SPARQL queries to identify and resolve two types of constraint violations in Wikidata: instances of Wikidata items with more than one LCNAF identifier and instances of the same LCNAF identifier existing on more than one Wikidata item. The February 17th session will walk participants through how to resolve the former issue, while the March 3rd session will focus on the latter. Event page: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/LCNAF Duplicate Detection P244 Maintenance|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/LCNAF_Duplicate_Detection_P244_Maintenance]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists, why thematic engagement matters]: WMNZ/Aotearoa on how sustained outreach with botanists via Wikidata workshops, edit-a-thons, and conferences is improving plant-related knowledge on the Wikimedia projects and building strong collaborative relationships with scientific communities. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/09/tech-news-2026-week-07/ Tech News Week 7 / Global Watchlists extension]: now supports multiple Wikibase instance (i.e. Wikidata + Test Wikidata) and fixes right-to-left (RTL) text directionality issues. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/13/the-spark-of-linked-data-and-libraries-oclc-passage-project-white-paper-translation-report/ The Spark of Linked Data and Libraries: OCLC Passage Project White Paper Translation Report] * Papers: [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400579586_Federating_Open_Knowledge_through_Wikibase_The_Case_of_The_Finno-Ugric_Data_Sharing_Space Federating Open Knowledge through Wikibase: the case of the Finno-Ugric data sharing space]: Antal et al. (2026) present a community-driven, federated prototype to link multilingual cultural heritage data, open ontologies and preserve local epistemologies. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtoM-0IhKnY How to Unlock Knowledge Graph Data for LLMs with AI Retrieval] - [[d:User:Philippe_Saade_(WMDE)|User:Philippe Saade (WMDE)]], AI/ML Project Manager talks to Chad Jennings of ''Beyond the Blueprints'' (IBM Product Hub) on making Wikidata more accessible for AI developers, replacing SPARQL-heavy workflows with vector search and hybrid retrieval. ** (French) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Nn7w6Vi3M8 Créer une carte uMap à partir de données géolocalisées extraites de Wikidata] - video presentation of 2026 Digital Encounters ''"Mapping territorial data in uMap"'' ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wf6TFcnvGno Africa Wiki Women 2026 On Wiki Skills Mentorship Program - Introduction to Wikidata] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PIVVpJh1seA Africa Wiki Women 2026 On Wiki Skills Mentorship Program - Major and Minor edits on Wikidata] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9TVFPpSNRYI EMCO Wikidata CoP meeting (2026-01-28)] - participants discuss progress on the ''early adopter'' phase, incl. how to categorise and track contributions, what statistics to measure and progress on MCO application profiles (persons + corporate bodies) ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://queer-memory.toolforge.org/ Queer Memory] multilingual web app that explores '''global queer history''' through live Wikidata timelines, places, rights, culture, and activism. Currently available in English, French, and Spanish. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CMYID3FRNL7OKUNEH3O3OTGT6UQSQN3X/ Etherpad cleanup, save your pads now]. All pads after 1st March 2026 willbe deleted so if you need any of your pads, please make a local backup. * [https://doc.wikimedia.org/Wikibase/master/js/rest-api/ The Wikibase REST API] '''search''' endpoints are now available on '''v1''' and considered stable! It's important to note that the older v0, which has been live on Wikidata since July 2025, will remain available for a '''two month transition period''' until mid-April 2026. We encourage all users to migrate to the new v1 endpoints during this time to ensure that their applications can continue to work seamlessly. * The [[MW:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|February 2026 newsletter]]. It includes result of an initial evaluation of open-source triple store candidates as part of the migration away from Blazegraph, the next Blazegraph migration office hour, and more. To have new issues of the WDP '''monthly''' newsletter delivered to your user talk page, {{#tag:span| [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|Subscribe to WDP newsletter!]] | style=background-color:#E7F527; border-radius:3px; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold;}} ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14122|category for music in this language]] (<nowiki>link to category item that contains music in this language</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14118|‎DOAB book ID]], [[:d:Property:P14119|‎qamus.inoor.ir root ID]], [[:d:Property:P14120|‎The Session tune ID]], [[:d:Property:P14121|Parfumo fragrance note ID]], [[:d:Property:P14123|‎KaraokeTexty.cz album ID]], [[:d:Property:P14124|Biographical encyclopedia of Maros County]], [[:d:Property:P14125|Alpine Linux Wiki article]], [[:d:Property:P14126|‎Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14127|Igromania author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14128|French Trade Mark Number]], [[:d:Property:P14129|‎Bane NOR location code]], [[:d:Property:P14130|‎CardCow.com publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14131|‎Lost Pubs Project ID]], [[:d:Property:P14132|Handball Base ID]], [[:d:Property:P14133|Handballnews.pl person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14134|Center for Jewish History person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14135|African Scientists Directory ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Number of translations|Number of translations]] (<nowiki>Number of translations</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Panoramax instance URL|Panoramax instance URL]] (<nowiki>the Panoramax instance of/about the subject</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID|Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bach digital person ID|Bach digital person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bach digital work ID|Bach digital work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/YList ID|YList ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificativo Antenati|identificativo Antenati]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pesistulokset.fi player ID|Pesistulokset.fi player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Liiga.fi player ID|Liiga.fi player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letterboxd producer ID|Letterboxd producer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Topplista artist ID|Topplista artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple Music Classical work ID|Apple Music Classical work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragplace brands ID|Fragplace brands ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragplace fragrances ID|Fragplace fragrances ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragplace notes ID|Fragplace notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragplace perfumers ID|Fragplace perfumers ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sport Express person ID|Sport Express person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ciss.org sportsperson ID (deaf sport)|ciss.org sportsperson ID (deaf sport)]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Learned Societies|Learned Societies]] * WikiProject Highlights: a discussion regarding [[d:Wikidata talk:WikiProject Learned Societies#Members of learned societies: too many conflicting data models|how to standardise the data model of the membership of learned societies]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|3324704}} - French radio program and audio podcast * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3941|collection (L3941)]] - English noun (kəˈlɛkʃən) meaning "a group of gathered items", "money gathered for charity/church", or "the act of acquiring" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We are putting finishing touches on editing support for external ID, URL, monolingual text, quantities and coordinate statements. ** We worked on visually highlighting preferred and deprecated statements on the mobile site similar to how it is done on desktop. ** We worked on showing more than one constraint violation when a statement violates multiple constraints. * Ontology Federation: We continued working allowing other Wikibase instances to use Wikidata Items in their statements (and later from other Wikibase instances). You can see a demo video of the current development state at [[:File:Federation Demo.webm|ontology federation demo]]. * GraphQL: We worked on documentation to get get the GraphQL endpoint ready for a first release. * Wikidata Query Service: The Wikidata Platform team published their report of the evaluation of Blazegraph alternatives. You can read it at [[:File:WDQS Triple Store Evaluation - Benchmark Results Report.pdf]]. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:27, 16 February 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30053912 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:45, 16 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Tech News: 2026-08 == <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:14, 16 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == ''The Signpost'': 17 February 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/In the media|Global powers see Wikipedia as fundamental target for manipulation]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/News and notes|Discussions open for the next WMF Annual Plan]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Serendipity|Maintenance crews continue to slog through Wikipedia's oldest Featured Articles]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Disinformation report|Epstein's obsessions]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Technology report|Wikidata Graph Split and how we address major challenges]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Traffic report|Deaths, killings, films, and the Olympics]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Opinion|Incoming Incurables]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Crossword|Pop quiz]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Comix|herculean]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 08:03, 17 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30039447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:43, 23 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #720 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-02-23. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#719]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Jan Myšák|Jan Myšák]] - RfP scheduled to end after 28 February 2026 11:11 (UTC) * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator#Sjö|Sjö]] - Closed as successful, congratulations [[d:User:Sjö|User:Sjö]]. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Notability policy reform|Notability policy reform]]: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Notability_policy_reform#Round_2:_Context|Round 2]], where policy is suggested based on round 1 discussions. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[DiffBlog:https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/17/apply-now-scholarships-for-the-language-diversity-conference-2026-deadline-13-march-2026/|Apply Now: Scholarships for the Language Diversity Conference 2026]] - scholarship application deadline: 13 March 2026 / Conference dates: 2 - 4 October 2026 in Accra, Ghana. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Notability_policy_reform#Round_2:_Context|Office Hour: Notability Policy]] - February 26th 2026 at 5PM UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1772125200 your timezone]). ** (Catalan) [[m:Event:No_eren_bruixes,_eren_dones_d'Andorra|They were not witches, they were women from Andorra]] - a Wikimarathon for Witches edit-a-thon to make biographies of Andorran women accused of witchcraft more visible on Wikidata and Wikipedia. Sign-up on [[m:Event:No_eren_bruixes,_eren_dones_d'Andorra|Meta]]: 09:30 – 12:30 UTC, 7 March 2026. *Ongoing: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject India/Events/International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] - February 21, 2026 – March 3, 2026 ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://stackoverflow.blog/2026/02/20/even-genai-uses-wikipedia-as-a-source/ Stack Overflow: Even GenAI uses Wikipedia (+Wikidata) as a source] - transcript of the podcast audio between Ryan Donovan and Philippe Saade, on the Wikidata Embedding Project and vectorizing 30 million entities for semantic search. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/21/revitalizing-uk-history-series-2-expanding-multilingual-access-on-wikidata/ Diff Blog: Revitalizing UK History, Series 2: Expanding Multilingual Access on Wikidata] - [[d:User:JosefAnthony|Josef Anthony]] describes the projects efforts in documenting underrepresented UK historical figures in multiple languages. ** [[diffblog:https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/20/into-the-spotlight-sharing-archival-objects-through-wikimedia-commons/|Diff blog: Into the Spotlight: Sharing Archival Objects through Wikimedia Commons]] by [[c:User:LadyRabbit|User:LadyRabbit]]. Experience documenting Ellen Winstone, a historical figure, non-notability on Wikipedia doesn't mean they are not worth documenting. Wikidata and Commons can help. * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/html/2602.14594v1 The Wikidata Query Logs Dataset (WDQL)] - presenting a dataset of 200,000 question-query pairs intended to help train Natural Language questions into SPARQL. By S. Walter, H. Bast (2026). * Videos: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dY-Vz-TS1X0 3rd Wikidata Training] of the On Wiki Skill Mentorship Program by Africa Wiki Women. Dives deeper into the core data modelling concepts, Wikidata-speciifc terminology and practical editing tips for beginners. Led by [[d:User:King_ChristLike|User:King ChristLike]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://dagbanli.info/ Dagbanli dictionary] - a monolingual Dagbanli dictionary built using Wikidata lexemes, with 20000 native audio recordings as usage examples pulled from Mozilla Common Voice. This means when you look up a word, you can hear it spoken in example sentences. See this in action here: [https://dagbanli.info/?word=L722895 suɣulo] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[wikimania:2026:Program|Wikimania:2026]] - The call for submissions for the program is open until March 1, 2026. * [https://www.opensanctions.org/articles/2026-02-18-every-politician/ OpenSanctions: As the CIA closes The World Factbook, we’re opening our global map of political power] - introduces [https://everypolitician.org/ EveryPolitician.org], a global database of 690,000+ political office-holders across the globe. PoliLoom, GovDirectory, a dedicated [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_every_politician|WikiProject]] and the Wikidata community are helping make structured data on politicians transparent. Learn how you can [https://everypolitician.org/about/contribute/ contribute]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14143|annual greenhouse gas emissions]] (<nowiki>carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by this entity in a year</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14136|RFI topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14137|‎Delfi.lv theme ID]], [[:d:Property:P14138|SFDb original ID]], [[:d:Property:P14139|Artdoc.Media film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14140|‎Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 practice ID]], [[:d:Property:P14141|‎Walloon-French dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14142|Bolivia INE code]], [[:d:Property:P14144|Russian Register of Film Distribution Certificates ID]], [[:d:Property:P14145|‎Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Property:P14146|‎Woordenboek van Nieuwe Woorden ID]], [[:d:Property:P14147|‎Woordcombinaties ID]], [[:d:Property:P14148|‎Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands ID]], [[:d:Property:P14149|Uzbek-Russian dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14150|‎JMRC person id (he)]], [[:d:Property:P14151|Catalunya Romànica ID]], [[:d:Property:P14152|‎IEC 61355 identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14153|Yandex Object Answer id]], [[:d:Property:P14154|Michaelis Portuguese-English Modern Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14155|Michaelis English-Portuguese Modern Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14156|Uni24k indentifier]], [[:d:Property:P14157|The Retro Web company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14158|Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID]], [[:d:Property:P14159|‎Gravestone Project Cemetery ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CWSAC classification|CWSAC classification]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IBAN countries|IBAN countries]] (<nowiki>The country which the bank with this property may create accounts in. For example "MyBank" can create bank accounts in "France" with the prefix "FR". Some banks have a single country they may create accounts in and other have many.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kloekecode|Kloekecode]] (<nowiki>identifier for locations in the Netherlands, Flanders, French Flanders, and north-western Germany</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ICAO 24-bit aircraft address|ICAO 24-bit aircraft address]] (<nowiki>Unique 24-bit ICAO aircraft address assigned to an individual aircraft’s Mode S transponder, expressed as a six-character hexadecimal code and used in ADS-B and air traffic surveillance systems.</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Faulhaber-Edition ID|Faulhaber-Edition ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OldRacingCars.com drivers ID|OldRacingCars.com drivers ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID Prix de Lausanne|ID Prix de Lausanne]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Spellingwijzer Onze Taal ID|Spellingwijzer Onze Taal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Uitleenwoordenbank ID|Uitleenwoordenbank ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EpiMedDat ID|EpiMedDat ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/REVENCYT code|REVENCYT code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/X Games athlete ID (new)|X Games athlete ID (new)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pinkhof ID|Pinkhof ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scheikunde ID|Scheikunde ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JWS II ID|JWS II ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Buitenlandse aardrijkskundige namen in het Nederlands ID|Buitenlandse aardrijkskundige namen in het Nederlands ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeeringDB Facility ID|PeeringDB Facility ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBNL place ID|DBNL place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBNL country ID|DBNL country ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBNL titel ID|DBNL titel ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Movist person ID|Movist person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/HvHp Property table for a set of Wikidata items] (the Memory of the World International Register) ** [https://w.wiki/Hxec People with PolSys ID<small> (P1980)</small>, and with or without Norwegian historical register of persons ID <small>(P4574)</small>] - ([https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Request_a_query&oldid=2465925132#A_list_of_person_having_Pol-sys_ID_and_HistReg_ID source]) * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E502|federally recognized tribe (E502)]]: required and optional properties for items representing federally recognized Native American tribes in the United States. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ski|Ski]] - The goal of WikiProject Ski is to improve items about athletes, events and results from the different skiiing and snowboarding disciplines. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Nonprofit_Organizations/South_Africa|Nonprofit Orgs: South Africa]] - aims to add financial data to the biggest nonprofits * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Pages|Ontology: List of Ontology Pages]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Sociotechnology/Resources|Sociotechnology: Resources]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Chantiers_MNBAQ|Chantiers MNBAQ]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|India: International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L179567|чурка (L179567)]] - Russian noun (ˈtɕurkə) meaning "a wooden block or stump", "a short piece of wood used in games", or "an offensive term for a person"[[d:Lexeme:L179567|чурка (L179567)]] - Russian noun (ˈtɕurkə) meaning "a wooden block or stump", "a short piece of wood used in games", or "an offensive term for a person" ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are preparing to reach out to editors about improving specific templates that are written in a way that creates a lot of unnecessary entries in Recent Changes and Watchlists. * Mobile statement editing: We are getting close to having editing support for all datatypes. We are currently still working on the support for globe coordinates. We also added support for showing constraint violations on qualifiers and references. * Data quality: We are doing technical investigations about how to make constraint violations available for querying again. * GraphQL: We are getting ready to make GraphQL available on Wikidata later this week. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Spain|Spain]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:51, 23 February 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30119106 --> == Tech News: 2026-09 == <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 23 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would "not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland". It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 2 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #721 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-02. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#720]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Jan_My%C5%A1%C3%A1k|Jan Myšák]]: Closed as successful, congratulations to Wikidata's newest admin! * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Notability_policy_reform|Notability Policy - Round 2]]: we are still requesting your input on the new Notablity policy. Including whether to elevate the [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Notability_policy_reform#Round_2:_Make_Wikidata:Self-promotion_a_policy|self-promotion essay]] to a policy. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session 3 March, 2026: We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group Session on Tuesday, March 3 9am PT / 12pm ET / 17:00 UTC / 6pm CET (Time zone converter). Wikiproject P244 maintenance uses SPARQL queries to identify and resolve two types of constraint violations in Wikidata: instances of Wikidata items with more than one LCNAF identifier and instances of the same LCNAF identifier existing on more than one Wikidata item. The February 17th session walked participants through how to resolve the former issue, while the March 3rd session will focus on the latter. This session will be more discussion-focused, since instances where two LCNAF identifier have the same Wikidata item can be difficult to resolve because of Wikidata’s innate quirks. Maybe your ideas will become the official best practice! Event page: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/LCNAF Duplicate Detection P244 Maintenance|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/LCNAF_Duplicate_Detection_P244_Maintenance]] ** [https://hermes-hub.de/aktuelles/news/save-the-date-byodl-2026-04-24.html Bring-Your-Own-Data-Lab], on 24.04.2026, the HERMES Data Competence centre hosts an online BYODL. Dr. Katrin Moeller and Dr. Olaf Simons will share how to enrich your own personal data with standard data and the Wikibase FactGrid. Click the link for registration and more information. ** Wikidata Workshop w/ Wikipedia Riba Aruba + University of Aruba Research Center (UARC), March 2, 12 - 2pm GMT-4. [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScQMobUMNF7TzQIS0yQAaODqIAlQ-5PMoESx_VAq_MIgYtUGQ/viewform Click here to register.] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://www.museodelprado.es/actualidad/noticia/el-museo-del-prado-y-wikimedia-espaa-consolidan-a/bb297f99-9445-68c8-250f-f2aa2765792a The Museo del Prado and Wikimedia Spain consolidate Wikidata as the connector axis of digital cultural heritage] - gathering of the second edition of ''Connected Heritage: Wikidata in the GLAM Ecosystem'' ** (Dutch) [https://www.wikimedia.nl/actueel/blog/wikipielen-informele-wiki-hackathon-voor-de-glam-sector/ Wikipielen: an informal mini-hackathon for the GLAM sector], Olaf Janssen (WM coordinator at National Library of Netherlands) on the 10th edition of this micro-hackathon for people in cultural and heritage sector interested in Wikidata, Wikibase, SPARQL, OpenRefine and other technical skills. ** [https://medium.com/@michalmigurski/weeknotes-2026w04-boundary-issues-f037407a7f45 Boundary Issues]—Michal Migurski on representing disputed boundaries using Wikidata and OpenStreetMap. * Papers: ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.471 From Websites to Wikidata: Digitising Scotland’s Stories] by Ross ''et al.'' (2026) ** [https://doi.org/10.1145/3795134 ''Entity Linking with Wikidata: A Systematic Literature Review''] ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2602.19133v1 ''A Dataset for Named Entity Recognition and Relation Extraction from Art-historical Image Descriptions''] by Schneider ''et al.'' (2026)., introduces FRAME for extracting art-historical entities and relationships from texts, enabling automatic linking of artworks, artists, and related metadata via Wikidata. ** [https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1247&context=jcas Review of Ethics in Linked Data] by Rebecca Fried. * Videos: ** (Swedish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjJHbF2aDCc Fotbollsspelare Wikipedia / Wikidata] - using QuickStatements to add P54 (member of sports team) to football players ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-hYIdzJLeg Jukun Wikipedia Outreach], day 2 took attendees through adding interwiki links, Wikidata essentials and adding {{Databox}} to Jukun Wiki articles. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgRWBAvoea0 Set-up Tutorial: Language Preferences and Gadgets on Wikidata], the International [Digital] Dura-Europos Archive (IDEA) takes us through enabling gadgets and setting your preferred languages (Babel). ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://mapsofthe.world/stadiums Maps Of the World / Stadiums] - explore the stadiums of the world (at least the ones with Wikidata Items), mapped by SPARQL. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14164|SignWriting transcription]] (<nowiki>representation in SignWriting</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14160|Microsoft Store developer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14161|Apple Music Classical work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14162|‎SIK-ISEA group ID]], [[:d:Property:P14163|‎CHZZK streamer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review:: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Objectif plumes|Objectif plumes]] (<nowiki>Database managed by the General Service for Literature and Books, a department of the Cultural Administration of the Wallonia-Brussels Federation (basically the Ministry of Culture for the French-speaking part of Belgium). The database currently includes entries on books by more than 8.000 Belgian writers.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/usual forename|usual forename]] (<nowiki>A name usually derived from a given name used to address a person in everyday life.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/apportionment diagram|apportionment diagram]] (<nowiki>image that displays the representation of seats won by party in an election to an assembly</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LibriVox reader ID|LibriVox reader ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/All Skies Encyclopaedia ID|All Skies Encyclopaedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KCUE academy ID|KCUE academy ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Catálogo de autoridades da BUSC|Catálogo de autoridades da BUSC]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISSN-H|ISSN-H]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hong Kong Cinema title ID|Hong Kong Cinema title ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NPPM ID|NPPM ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parlement.com ID|Parlement.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kokugakuin University god name database ID|Kokugakuin University god name database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Czech National Register of Health Service Providers ID|Czech National Register of Health Service Providers ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Génération Nintendo game ID developer ID|Génération Nintendo game ID developer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Génération Nintendo game ID publisher ID|Génération Nintendo game ID publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/wikiru.jp wiki ID|wikiru.jp wiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tribuna.com football players ID|Tribuna.com football players ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SnokaDB|SnokaDB]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/abadis.ir Persian word ID|abadis.ir Persian word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AIK soccer player ID|AIK soccer player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BOIShistory|BOIShistory]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/HygX Works in Scottish museums by female artists, lacking an English Wikipedia article] ([[:d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/collections|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/J5hv Graph of Moominworld] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|Q1774}} - semi-autonomous part of Tanzania * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L14515|snap (L14515)]] - English verb (snæp) meaning "to break suddenly", "to lose control emotionally", or "to take a photograph" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We worked on removing the constraint violations indicator from a statement after an edit that fixed it. ** We are fixing bugs uncovered in testing, such as [[phab:T218477]], [[phab:T418104]], [[phab:T417861]] and [[phab:T417647]]. * GraphQL: We are getting ready to launch the first version later this week, including preparing the documentation for how to use it. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:42, 2 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30129341 --> == Tech News: 2026-10 == <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:48, 2 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == This Month in Education: February 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 11:55, 3 March 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30155806 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:31, 9 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikidata weekly summary 722 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-09. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#721]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/DifoolBot 8|DifoolBot 8]] - Task: Remove Wikipedia import references from statements where the referenced article has since been deleted. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://wikidataworkshop.github.io/2026/ The 6th Wikidata Workshop] has been announced for ISWC 2026. If you are interested in joining the wWorkshop for the scientific Wikidata community, contact: 6th-wikidata-workshop@googlegroups.com ** [https://events.ucf.edu/event/4071752/open-scholarly-profiles-with-wikidata/ Open Scholarly Profiles with Wikidata] - April 22, 2026, 13:00 - 14:30, at the University of Central Florida. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/08/becoming-a-trainer-assistant-at-wikilatih-wikidata-brin-a-journey-of-sharing-knowledge Diff blog: Becoming a Trainer Assistant at Wikilatih Wikidata BRIN: A Journey of Sharing Knowledge] by Affandy Murad ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/06/why-dagbanli-needs-a-dictionary-and-how-we-built-one-with-wikidata/ Diff blog: Why Dagbanli Needs a Dictionary (And How We Built One with Wikidata)] - by [[User:Masssly]] * Papers: [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Scholia_2026_Compliance_with_SPARQL_1.1.pdf Scholia 2026: Compliance with SPARQL 1.1], to be presented at [https://www.swat4ls.org/ SWAT4HCLS 2026] * Videos: ** (Swedish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvaPqzO2cWQ Mix'n'Match IFKDB] / [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7b9LR79y5U Mix'n'Match DIF Historia] - Magnus Sälgö ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpA19w3jM40 Introducción a Wikidata], Dinah M. W.Fraites and Dr. Claudia De Souza give a comprehensive tour and introduciotn of Wikidata for the ''Centro para la Excelencia Académica'' ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuYkCUiP1wk Accessibility and Gen AI - Ep 15 w/ Denny Vrandečić (Head of Special Projects at Wikimedia Foundation)] - a conversation about Abstract Wikipedia, the relationship between Wikimedia, Wikipedia and other Projects and how the Foundation will adopt and adapt to emergent technologies such as LLM's. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGZqljvsoow Epigraphic Object Encoding] - Session 7 of the SunoikisisDC ''Digital Approaches to Cultural Heritage''. Experiences encoding epigraphic data into Wikidata starts at 58:27. ** (Arabic) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4F_n4xgUgKg Arabic Wikidata Days 2025: Adding Wikidata to include Arabic Content (example: Hijri Calendar)], Saeed Hubaishan presents a practical example of adapting Wikibase to enable adding new data types that haven't previously been modelled, such as dates in the Hijri Calendar. ** Wikimania 2025 - Unpopular Opinions: Bold Lightning Talks to Shake Up Wikimedia: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cB76LpwRYYI&t=2080s Moving Categories to Wikidata ((Ad Huikeshoven))] / [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cB76LpwRYYI&t=2080s Introducing Wiki AI (Sam Klein)] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fELZCm-plHo Unlocking Government Data for Wikidata: Stories, Impacts & Open Dialogue] from Wikimania 2025. Panelists: Butch Bustria, James M. Heilman (Doc James), Jan Ainali, Vanj Padilla, Wisdom Ferrer, Seddon explore how the reuse of public domain & government datasets enriches Wikidata & bolsters public engagement with Wikimedia projects.[[c:File:Unlocking_Government_Data_for_Wikidata._Stories,_Impacts,_and_Open_Dialogue_-_Wikimania_2025_Nairobi.pdf|Slides]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://codeberg.org/2Go/Data2Go Data2Go] : An iOS app for browsing and editing Wikidata with a mobile-first UI. It combines fast search, rich item detail views, statement editing, map previews, media galleries, and account-based write access to Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikidata now has a GraphQL API! [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL|Read more about it and try it out]] or sign up for the [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply usability tests]. * The WMF is in the process of rolling out new global API rate limits. This will also affect Wikidata. For more details see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14165|ICAO 24-bit aircraft address]], [[:d:Property:P14166|BISMaL taxon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14167|Xcity actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14168|All Skies Encyclopaedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14169|Power Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P14170|Kvinnehistorie.no persons ID]], [[:d:Property:P14171|Mastercaller player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14172|dartn.de player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14173|darts1.de player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14174|pdpa.co.uk player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14175|‎People's Graphic Design Archive creator ID]], [[:d:Property:P14176|HKCinema film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14177|Medvik ID]], [[:d:Property:P14178|Obálky knih ID]], [[:d:Property:P14179|MusicaPopular.cl ID]], [[:d:Property:P14180|CAMEO page ID]], [[:d:Property:P14181|ciss.org sportsperson ID (deaf sport)]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum vehicle length|maximum vehicle length]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized length for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Peer-review propertiy for journals or publications|Peer-review propertiy for journals or publications]] (<nowiki>{{TranslateThis | de = <!-- Beschreibung auf Deutsch --> <!-- | xx = Beschreibungen in anderen Sprachen --> }}Scholarly journals or publications should have a property "peer review process" indicating which peer review process (if any) is applied for the publication.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum vehicle width|maximum vehicle width]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized width for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum vehicle weight|maximum vehicle weight]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized weight (tonnage / gross vehicle weight) for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment (load limit)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regional conservation status|regional conservation status]] (<nowiki>conservation status of species in national or regional Red List publications that follow the IUCN red list criteria</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LINE official account ID|LINE official account ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kulturbase.no ID|Kulturbase.no ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CROWCASS file number|CROWCASS file number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Integbio Database Catalog ID|Integbio Database Catalog ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/norsk fangeregister historie ID|norsk fangeregister historie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Census of Italian Architecture since 1945|Census of Italian Architecture since 1945]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TMDB award ID|TMDB award ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SocioMap ID|SocioMap ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AVefi ID|AVefi ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NSK new ID|NSK new ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Atlas of Endangered Alphabets ID|Atlas of Endangered Alphabets ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/J7cr Property count of characters in Tolkien's Universe] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Query_to_list_properties_and_their_counts|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/JFy7 Data about Norwegians in captivity during WWII (using ''Norwegian prisoner register person ID'' (P8269) + others] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#A_list_of_persons_in_Fanger.no|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Beer|WikiProject Beer]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|Q733738}} - international airport serving Melbourne, Australia * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1154759|sampaa (L1154759)]] - Dagbanli noun that translates to a hut within a compound to provide shelter for people during the warm season. ''' Development ''' * GraphQL: We have released the first version of this new API. [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL|You can read more about it and try it out]]. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We have worked with editors to improve some highly-used modules that access Wikidata in a suboptimal way. They have been adjusted to lead to less unneeded change notification in people's watchlists and recent changes on Wikipedia and co. * Mobile statement editing: We fixed an issue where certain Properties were not accessible in the new mobile UI. We are also working on fixing a bug with saving musical notation statements. We are continuing the work on supporting editing of geocoordinates. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory|agencies for the environment and nature conservation]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:51, 9 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30163237 --> == Tech News: 2026-11 == <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:50, 9 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == ''The Signpost'': 10 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Interview|Bernadette Meehan, new Wikimedia Foundation CEO]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/News and notes|Security testing unleashes computer worm on Meta-wiki]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Special report|What actually happened during the Wikimedia security incident?]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In the media|Indonesian government blocks Wikimedia logins; archive site scoured from Wikipedia after owner runs malware]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Recent research|To wiki, perchance to groki]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Obituary|Madhav Gadgil, Fredrick Brennan, Mark Miller, Chip Berlet]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Opinion|Interface administrators and trusting trust]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Technology report|English Wikipedia deprecates archive.today after DDoS against blog, altered content]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Op-ed|Why is "Trypsin-sensitive photosynthetic activities in chloroplast membranes" cited in "List of tallest buildings in Chicago"?]] * Essay: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Essay|The pursuit of a button click]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In focus|Short descriptions: One year later]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/WikiProject report|Unreferenced articles backlog drive]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Community view|Speaking of planning ...]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Traffic report|Over the mountain, kissing silver inlaid clouds]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Crossword|"It will never happen"]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Comix|BRIEn't]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 04:14, 10 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30121359 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue II, February 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in 2026 is calling to action! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: A photo safari through Wiki Loves Fashion & a rescue mission with Mission Gourmande! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library overview of 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Cultural Heritage and Memory: 2026 GLAM Call and Executed Renaissance Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students and an update on the NZBSI WiR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedia in Cultural Marketing at Crash Mondays Warsaw * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: February in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata in the GLAM context II * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Neocomensia, SAPA, Atelier Winterthur, GLAM-on-Tour Disentis * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New content in African and Asian languages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Focus on Indigenous issues * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 00:52, 12 March 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30232291 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #723 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-16. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#722]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://almedaresearch.org/ The African Literary Metadata (ALMEDA) project] - The ALMEDA project’s key outcome is a linked, open, and searchable metadata repository—built from extensive cataloguing of previously uncatalogued materials and enriched through a user-friendly interface launching in 2025, designed to support ongoing growth beyond the project’s initial five-year funding. ** https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/13/structuring-dagbanli-on-wikidata-lexemes-senses-and-the-digraph-challenge/ * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11767 Understanding Wikidata Qualifiers: An Analysis and Taxonomy] - This study develops a refined taxonomy of Wikidata qualifiers—based on their semantics, frequency, and diversity—to help contributors select appropriate qualifiers, improve querying and inference, and enhance knowledge graph design, ultimately offering a structured framework that covers the most important qualifiers and supports better recommendation systems. By Falquet & Aljalbout (2026). * Videos: [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZQ67TzUJdM&pp=iggCQAE%3D LIVE Wikidata editing #118 at the Open Data Day] - Wikipedia Weekly Network: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=KI936x_IBT0&pp=iggCQAE%3D Introduction to editing Wikidata on mobile] - Art + Feminism in Wikimedia Botswana ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=f1XtOtLzYDM&pp=iggCQAE%3D Queer women in the Arts (English): A panel discussion and Wikidata workshop] * Podcasts: [https://wikipediapodden.se/wikidata-notability-reform-356/ Wikipediapodden interviews Lydia Pintscher about the ongoing Wikidata notability reform] (also available on [[c:File:WP356 - Wikidata notability reform.mp3|Commons]]) * Notebooks: [https://observablehq.com/@pac02/who-gets-a-biography-on-french-language-wikipedia Who gets a biography on French-language Wikipedia?] A country-by-country portrait of biographical coverage for people born between 1950 and 2000. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://github.com/altilunium/wdquery Wdquery] : [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Wikibase_GraphQL GraphQL-powered] Wikidata item advanced search. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * https://casier-politique.fr * [https://www.fornland.com Fornland]—aggregates over a million cultural heritage sites from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland into one interface, combining Wikidata and other sources . * [[m:Coolest Tool Award]] *The [[MW:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|March 2026 newsletter]]. To have new issues of the WDP '''monthly''' newsletter delivered to your user talk page, {{#tag:span| [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|Subscribe to WDP newsletter!]] | style=background-color:#E7F527; border-radius:3px; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold;}} * Reminder that the 4 week grace period for switching to the v1 route for the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/Wikibase/master/js/rest-api/#/item%20search Wikibase REST API search endpoints] will end this week. The v0 route will be turned off and hence will no longer function. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14182|river regime]] (<nowiki>predominant pattern of annual changes to a stream's discharge at a particular period</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14186|seat occupied]] (<nowiki>seat held by a person within an academy or other society</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14183|Génération Nintendo publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14184|KCI article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14185|‎LINCS ID]], [[:d:Property:P14187|radeberger-stadtgeschichte.de Object Identificator]], [[:d:Property:P14188|Flohic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14189|‎Vlaams Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Property:P14191|‎Bach digital person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14192|‎Bach digital work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14193|Identificativo Antenati]], [[:d:Property:P14194|‎Liiga.fi player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14195|‎Pesistulokset.fi player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14196|‎Letterboxd producer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14197|Fragplace brands ID]], [[:d:Property:P14198|Fragplace fragrances ID]], [[:d:Property:P14199|Fragplace notes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14200|Fragplace perfumers ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/population pyramid|population pyramid]] (<nowiki>Age pyramid image for demography articles</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/StatsF1 ID|StatsF1 ID]] (<nowiki>Link to a Formula 1 specific database</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum vehicle height|maximum vehicle height]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized height for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment (regulatory limit from signage)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bibliografi.dk|Bibliografi.dk]] (<nowiki>Bibliografi.dk</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeerTube instance URL|PeerTube instance URL]] (<nowiki>the PeerTube instance of/about the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Central Registration Number (Indonesia)|Central Registration Number (Indonesia)]] (<nowiki>primary service registration number assigned to a member of the Indonesian Armed Forces or Indonesian National Police</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital Public Good|Digital Public Good]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LUBW-RIPS-Wasserkraftanlage-ID|LUBW-RIPS-Wasserkraftanlage-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant QueenBallers.com d'une joueuse|Identifiant QueenBallers.com d'une joueuse]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foto Atlas taxonomy ID|Foto Atlas taxonomy ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brewver beer ID|Brewver beer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Göteborgsalliansen|Göteborgsalliansen]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Consumer Rights Wiki article ID|Consumer Rights Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Royal Air Force service number|Royal Air Force service number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'une personne dans le Bianco|Identifiant d'une personne dans le Bianco]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tajik-Russian Dictionary word ID|Tajik-Russian Dictionary word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AmericanAristocracy person ID|AmericanAristocracy person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AmericanAristocracy house ID|AmericanAristocracy house ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Shinmei database ID|Shinmei database ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|Q161672}} - Congolese politician and independence leader (1925–1961) ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** If you have not tried it yet, now is an excellent time to turn it on in the beta features section of your preferences, test it and give feedback. ** We have added support for editing globe coordinate statements * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to work on the issue of too many Wikidata in recent changes and watchlists on Wikipedia and co. We are currently prototyping a way to only consider changes that actually have an impact on the article ([[phab:T419823]]). We also finished the work on an emergency switch to turn off sending changes for qualifiers and references to Wikipedia and co in case of major database disruptions ([[phab:T412956]]). * Ontology federation: We are working towards getting the code for ontology federation (in its first version of using Wikidata Items as values on other Wikibase instances) ready for wider testing. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Bangladesh|Bangladesh]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:35, 16 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30228490 --> == Tech News: 2026-12 == <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:33, 16 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:07, 23 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #724 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-23. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#723]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/AraBot|AraBot]] - Tasks: Adding Aragonese sitelinks and updating articles on [[w:an:|Aragonese Wikipedia]] with Wikidata's data. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/InventaireBot|InventaireBot]] - Task: Make automated edits generated by the inventaire.io (Q32193244) server and manual edits on behalf of users without a Wikidata account. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/DelintBot|DelintBot]] - Task: Fix [[mw:Help:Lint_errors|lint errors]] on pages across all namespaces where Wikitext can be written (namespaces not managed by Wikibase). * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/archive.today|archive.today]] - due to a [[w:Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Archive.is_RFC_5|RfC and policy on enwiki]], this discussion needs your input on whether Wikidata will continue listing archive.today links. * Ongoing request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Notability policy reform|Notability policy reform]] is looking for input about remaining questions around marginalized knowledge and external identifiers ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: (German) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thXJ1XAbWJ0 Art History Loves Wiki im Museum Schnütgen, YouTube livestream] – 28 March 2026 (UTC+1): presentations by Lisa Dieckmann at 12.30 - 12.50 (“Bilder verknüpfen – prometheus, Normdaten und Wikidata”), Lucy Patterson & Lukas Fuchsgruber at 16.30 - 16.45 (“Kritische Arbeit mit Sammlungsdaten auf Wikidata”), and Max Kristen at 17.30 - 17.45 (“usefulQueries: Unkompliziert Kunstgeschichte in Wikidata erkunden”). ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [[DiffBlog:2026/03/13/structuring-dagbanli-on-wikidata-lexemes-senses-and-the-digraph-challenge|Structuring Dagbanli on Wikidata: Lexemes, Senses, and the Digraph Challenge]] by Masssly and Mohammed Awal Alhassan ** [https://stevehedden.medium.com/open-knowledge-graphs-a-search-engine-for-ontologies-controlled-vocabularies-and-semantic-web-cfcf32a5babe Open Knowledge Graphs: A Search Engine for Ontologies, Controlled Vocabularies, and Semantic Web Tools], by Steve Hedden ** (German) [https://blog.tib.eu/2026/03/16/erinnerungskultur-zum-mitmachen-eine-digitale-landkarte-zum-gestapoterror-in-niedersachsen/ Erinnerungskultur zum Mitmachen: eine digitale Landkarte zum Gestapoterror in Niedersachsen] by Gabriele Fahrenkrog * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11767 Understanding Wikidata Qualifiers: An Analysis and Taxonomy] presents an analysis of Wikidata qualifiers, focusing on semantics and usage, in order to develop a taxonomy to help in selecting appropriate qualifiers, querying the knowledge graph, and making logical inferences. By Gilles Falquet and Sahar Aljalbout (2026). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwzBfV2bg_g Creating a Wikidata item for a Historic Building] - OpenStreetMap for History Buffs gives a practical example of creating a Wikidata Item for a historic Irish building, but you can adapt it for other historical or archeological sites. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XT27D-1JIUo&pp=ygUIV2lraWRhdGE%3D Introduction to Wikidata (Creating items, Statements & References)] - Africa Wiki Women continue their introductory series with trainer, Blessing Timothy. ** (French) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eu0C1gWIgFQ Introduction à Wikidata] is also provided by Africa Wiki Women. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xw5mfJRgFXk Simple steps to edit Wikidata Episode 1(WAMP)] - [[d:User:Dsp13|User:Dsp13]] of the Wiki Afrodemics Project covers a variety of topics to help new editors make meaningful contributions to Wikidata. ** (French) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZxnAI-PrK0 Introduction à la modification de Wikidata sur mobile] - Art+Feminism in partnership with WM Botswana provide a training session for mobile editing (with a focus on women artists, feminist movements and underrepresented cultural contributions). ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1XtOtLzYDM Queer Women in the Arts]: Art+Feminism teamed up with WikiLGBT+ ([[m:Event:Queer_Women_in_Arts|Event page]]) for a panel discussion and Wikidata training centering on Queer Women in the Arts, in honour of International Women's Day. Also available in [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcBCJzH9OUI Spanish] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ag5GyE7OtKI Portuguese]. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TXqT2ohfwE Wikidata tools: Pet Scan] - [[d:User:Epìdosis|User:Epìdosis]] introduces this handy tool that allows you to query and generate lists of Wikipedia pages or Wikidata items based on defined criteria such as Categories, Properties, Templates, and others. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hTQF3Mde30 Introduction to Wikidata & Property Dashboard] - ''Essential Wikidata Tools: Automating Your Workflow'' workshop given 13 March 2026. Hosted by Alan Ang, Camillo Pellizari, Pru Mitchell, and Taufik Rosman for the ESEAP community. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://property-helper.toolforge.org Wikidata Property Creation Helper] takes a property proposal page and translates it into a QuickStatements batch (and then a second one for the examples) that a property creator can use to quickly create a new property. By [[User:ArthurPSmith|ArthurPSmith]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * GraphQL API ongoing feedback: If you haven’t tried it yet, you can still explore it as a developer-friendly alternative to select WDQS features. Please Share your feedback on the [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase_GraphQL|project page]], or [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up] for deeper usability testing. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/mass number|mass number]] (<nowiki>total number of baryons in an atomic nucleus</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/soil acidity preference|soil acidity preference]] (<nowiki>soil acidity preference of a plant species or lichen</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diepkloof|Diepkloof]] (<nowiki>Place in Johannesburg, South Africa</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/paid-up capital|paid-up capital]] (<nowiki>portion of a company’s issued share capital that has been paid by shareholders</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review:: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Shinmei database ID|Shinmei database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kulturdenkmal-ID Baden-Württemberg|Kulturdenkmal-ID Baden-Württemberg]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Central Registration Number (Police)|Central Registration Number (Police)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NIP 9-digit|NIP 9-digit]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MeetStadium ID|MeetStadium ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/indexxx.com performer ID|indexxx.com performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BGAFD actress ID|BGAFD actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Shellers From the Past ID|Shellers From the Past ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/معرف منشور في قاعدة بيانات معرفة|معرف منشور في قاعدة بيانات معرفة]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/London Book Trades ID|London Book Trades ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KCI journal ID|KCI journal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KCI publisher ID|KCI publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeerJ person ID|PeerJ person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIORAB–FRANKFURT ID|BIORAB–FRANKFURT ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIORAB–WEIMAR|BIORAB–WEIMAR]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIORAB-KAISERREICH|BIORAB-KAISERREICH]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikiparfum perfume ingredient ID|Wikiparfum perfume ingredient ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikiparfum perfumer ID|Wikiparfum perfumer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LAGL|WikiProject LAGL]] (Linked Ancient and Greek Latin) has been established to develop guidelines for adding statements for ancient authors. * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_IDEA/Oral_Histories|WikiProject IDEA: Oral Histories]] - <small>''International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (IDEA)''</small> added a subpage for resources, guidelines and progress for adding oral history Items and Statements. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|Q3339328}} - worship of water oracles and associated cultural traditions among the Sawa ''' Development ''' * Infrastructure sustainability: We started working with a contractor to look at Wikidata's data storage to find opportunities for improving it. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing the work on a prototype to compare a wiki page before and after it has been parsed to see if this is a feasible way to reduce the number of Wikidata changes in recent changes and watchlist that do not affect the article ([[phab:T419823]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:59, 23 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30228490 --> == Tech News: 2026-13 == <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:48, 23 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:37, 30 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #725 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-30. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#724]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Thetalentone|Thetalentone]] - Tasks: Adding and updating references, qualifiers, publication dates, and provenance on my own personal and company items ([[Q138324775]] and [[Q138324581]]) to improve entity confidence for Google Knowledge Graph. Small batches only, no edits to unrelated items. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Dušan Kreheľ (bot)|Dušan Kreheľ]] - Task: Sitelinks existing and newly created municipality pages on hrwiki and Wikidata. * New request for comments: [[Wikidata:Requests for comment/Mass-editing policy]] has a new proposal incorporating feedback and is awaiting votes. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1775664000 18:00 CEST], 08th April 2026 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[m:Event:Wiki_Mentor_Africa_-_Women_Tech_Summit_(WMA-WTS)/en|Wiki Mentor Africa - Women Tech Summit]] takes place until 20:00 CET, 30 May 2026. ** "Wikidata in der Sammlungserschließung" (free online event in German on how GLAM institutions can use Wikidata, 20 April 2026, 10-11:30 CET, organized by [[d:Q51845259| Research and Competence Centre Digitalisation Berlin (Q51845259)]]. More info and registration [https://www.digis-berlin.de/workshop-wikidata-fuer-die-sammlungserschliessung-am-20-04/ here]. ** '''Wikidata Ontology Course''': The second offering of the Wikidata ontology course will be given in May and June 2026, with sessions 1-3 pm EDT (UTC-4) on Thursdays. The Wikidata ontology provides structure and organization for the rest of Wikidata and is thus fundamental to Wikidata. The course starts with the basic notions underlying the Wikidata ontology and goes on to cover querying using SPARQL, inference, constraints, advanced ontology notions, problems with the ontology, and other ontology-related aspects of Wikidata. Participants in the course are expected to complete weekly exercise sets and a project. More information on the course can be found at [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course|WikiProject Ontology/Ontology Course]]. To register for this offering fill in and submit the [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdlZ0r69Mkkfa_SWSdQPMNdVMKnae7-sIOyPuANVjFI4FRq0w/viewform Google form]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://www.opensanctions.org/articles/2026-03-24-poliloom/ Wikidata contains many gaps in its political data. We’ve built a tool to change that (PoliLoom)] ** [https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/from-summer-school-idea-eswc-paper-teaching-ai-repair-wikidata-zxxaf/ From a summer school idea to an ESWC paper: Teaching AI to “repair” Wikidata] * Papers: **[https://rubensworks.github.io/article-did-llms-kill-sparql-federation/ Did AI Crawlers Kill SPARQL Federation?], including Wikidata examples ** [https://www.emerald.com/dlp/article/doi/10.1108/DLP-11-2025-0265/1352756/Gender-and-intersectional-bias-in-featured Gender and intersectional bias in featured biographies on the front page of the Italian edition of Wikipedia, 2014–2024 Open Access] - Wikidata featured heavily in the design and methodology. By Rovira et al., (2026). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KydQwvBelQ Adding architectural data to a Wikidata item for a Historic Building] from OpenStreetMap for History Buffs. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0h1KxXnaJrk Live Wikidata Editing #119] - Ainali and Abbe98 are back to edit Wikidata and explain their thinking along the way. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W37StgITf0Y Wikidata and the public domain] - Tools for bulk editing in Wikidata: Mix n Match and QuickStatements, last class of a [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmjmrXGUFVlJOyYM3S6CBdNFszYI4FwcM 9-part series] provided by Jorge Gemetto. ** (German) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thXJ1XAbWJ0 Art History Loves Wiki im Museum Schnütgen], day 2, digital/local collection loves wiki. ** (German) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rN19MWWtif8 Von OpenStreetMap zu semantisch vernetzten Wissensgraphen] FOSSGIS 2026 Conference. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76wkepRUZLg Using Wikibase as an Integration Platform] with Matthew Ong. Originally given at the Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin, 19 November 2024. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikivisage.toolforge.org/ WikiVisage] - Train a machine learning model to detect depicted subjects in Wikimedia Commons images and assist with adding the P180 (depicts) property. * [https://yesterdays.maprva.org/subjects/ Yesterdays] - A web platform for cataloging and georeferencing historical images of Richmond, Virginia. It uses Wikidata items to help organize the georeferenced images. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editing user testing: join the participant panel: Wikimedia Deutschland is planning new user tests for the mobile editing experience (including more data types as a beta feature) in late April–early May. Participants of all experience levels are welcome, and users of right‑to‑left scripts are especially encouraged to sign up. Register [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/apply here]. Participants will be compensated for their time. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14223|Digital Public Good ID]] (<nowiki>identifier of a digital public good in the Digital Public Goods Registry</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14226|apportionment diagram]] (<nowiki>image that displays the representation of seats won by party in an election to an assembly</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14251|peer-review process for scholarly journals or publications]] (<nowiki>''(without English description)''</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14201|‎X Games athlete ID (new)]], [[:d:Property:P14202|AIK soccer player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14203|‎Uitleenwoordenbank ID]], [[:d:Property:P14205|abadis.ir word ID]], [[:d:Property:P14206|‎AmericanAristocracy house ID]], [[:d:Property:P14207|‎AmericanAristocracy person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14208|British Newspaper Archive publication ID]], [[:d:Property:P14209|‎Buitenlandse aardrijkskundige namen in het Nederlands ID]], [[:d:Property:P14210|Landskrona BoIS player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14211|Library of the University of Santiago de Compostela authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P14212|‎DBNL place ID]], [[:d:Property:P14213|Faulhaber edition ID]], [[:d:Property:P14214|Foto Atlas taxonomy ID]], [[:d:Property:P14215|‎Integbio Database Catalog ID]], [[:d:Property:P14216|‎KCUE academy ID]], [[:d:Property:P14217|‎LibriVox reader ID]], [[:d:Property:P14220|‎Manga-DB person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14221|‎Manga-DB magazine ID]], [[:d:Property:P14222|‎Manga-DB publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14224|Digital Public Goods Registry]], [[:d:Property:P14225|NSK ID]], [[:d:Property:P14227|Tribuna.com football players ID]], [[:d:Property:P14228|Sport Express person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14229|‎Open Food Facts brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14230|‎RITVA company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14231|OldRacingCars.com drivers ID]], [[:d:Property:P14232|‎Spellingwijzer Onze Taal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14233|‎EpiMedDat ID]], [[:d:Property:P14234|‎Pinkhof ID]], [[:d:Property:P14235|‎Scheikunde ID]], [[:d:Property:P14236|‎Movist person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14237|‎ISSN-H]], [[:d:Property:P14238|Names, Persons, and Groups of People of the Middle Ages ID]], [[:d:Property:P14239|‎Parlement.com object ID]], [[:d:Property:P14240|wikiru.jp wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P14241|BGAFD actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14243|IFK Norrköping player]], [[:d:Property:P14244|‎LINE official account ID]], [[:d:Property:P14245|Norwegian war prisoner histories ID]], [[:d:Property:P14246|‎indexxx.com performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14247|SetesdalWiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P14248|‎Shellers From the Past ID]], [[:d:Property:P14249|‎SocioMap ID]], [[:d:Property:P14250|Publication ID in e-Marefa database]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/civil service position level|civil service position level]] (<nowiki>classification level of a civilian public service position within a government administrative hierarchy</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Usenet newsgroup|Usenet newsgroup]] (<nowiki>Usenet newsgroup associated with the item</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/predicted winning party|predicted winning party]] (<nowiki>the party predicted to win an election, according to some source</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Numen ID|Numen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/member of the Azorean assembly ID|member of the Azorean assembly ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Rappels d'une personne|identifiant Rappels d'une personne]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant dans la base de noms France Archives|Identifiant dans la base de noms France Archives]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anarâš aavis topic ID|Anarâš aavis topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Perfumery Glossary ingredient ID|Perfumery Glossary ingredient ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MangaBaka manga ID|MangaBaka manga ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JVID performer ID|JVID performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PlayStation Trophies achievement ID|PlayStation Trophies achievement ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BERON lexeme ID|BERON lexeme ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Hogback|WikiProject Hogback]] - Hogbacks are a type of gravestone marker used in 10th - 12th Century Northern England. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_University_of_Otago_WMIR/WikiProject_Books_of_Mana|University of Otago/Books of Mana]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_sum_of_all_paintings/Collection/Schnütgen_Museum|Schnütgen Museum Collection/Sum of all paintings]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/United_Nations|Govdirectory/United Nations]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Nonprofit_Organizations|Nonprofit Organisations]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/items_with_P569%3DP570|Humans with the same date of birth year (P569) and date of death year (P570)]]. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q275180|Australia (Q275180)]] - 2008 film by Baz Luhrmann * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L737913|viɛla]] - Dagbanli adjective (of quality that is pleasing to human senses). ''' Development ''' * Wikibase GraphQL: We added support for a number of additional datatypes and started working on the functionality for querying Items by the external ID statement values or site links. * Mobile editing of statements: We spent time testing the current state and fixing remaining issues we found. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Mongolia|Mongolia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:31, 30 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30329875 --> == Tech News: 2026-14 == <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 30 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == ''The Signpost'': 31 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/In the media|AI ban, newspapers disrupt archiving; and antisemitism complaints]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Community view|Videos from WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Disinformation report|Cleaning up after Jeffrey Epstein, Peter Nygard, and Mohamed Al-Fayed]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/WikiConference report|WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC review]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Obituary|Dr. Subas Chandra Rout]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Traffic report|Call in the dogs of war, soldier of fortune]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Gallery|Canadian Rangers participate in Operation ''Enduring Encyclopedia'']] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Comix|n00bsitting]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 10:08, 31 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30329870 --> == This Month in Education: March 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 10:21, 1 April 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30317659 --> == CEE Newsletter is out now! == Dear all, The first CEE Newsletter issue of 2026 is now live, and we are happy to share it with you. The past few months have been anything but quiet across our region. From Wikimedia CEE Spring and the CEE Women Campaign, to cross-border collaborations, youth initiatives, and new ideas taking shape, there is a lot happening -- and this issue brings together many of those stories in one place. You will find highlights from community activities, updates from the CEE Hub, international news, and a wide range of contributions from across the region. It is a good snapshot of what we have been working on together at the start of the year. As always, thank you to everyone who contributed -- by writing, sharing updates, or supporting behind the scenes. Take a moment to explore the issue and see what is going on across the region: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/March_2026 As always, we have prepared a Russian version of the same issue: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/March_2026/ru Happy reading! On behalf of the CEE Newsletter team, Karo <!-- Message sent by User:KGruszczyk-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=30270755 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:27, 6 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Tech News: 2026-15 == <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:16, 6 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #726 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-04-07. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#725]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Oversight: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Oversight/EPIC (2)|EPIC (2)]] (RfP scheduled to end at 9 April 2026 12:35 UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/ChooseLocal|ChooseLocal]] - '''Task/s:''' Read-only harvest of Wikidata entities (businesses, banks, etc.) by country, for use in a Canadia-centric local business directory. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/JigildikBot|JigildikBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Sitelink Management: Connecting newly created articles on kaa.wiki to their corresponding Wikidata items using Pywikibot. Label and Description Updates: Adding or updating Karakalpak (kaa) labels and descriptions for various items (especially geographical and biographical items) using OpenRefine. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/JJPMaster (bot)|JJPMaster (bot)]] - '''Task/s:''' Automatically add sitelinks for Abstract Wikipedia articles **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/TracklisterBot|TracklisterBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding missing external identifiers to Wikidata items for music artists, sourced from Tracklister ([[Q138905706]]), a music database that aggregates data from 20+ platforms. Properties: Discogs artist ID ([[Property:P1953|P1953]]), Spotify artist ID ([[Property:P1902|P1902]]), SoundCloud ID ([[Property:P3040|P3040]]), Bandcamp ID ([[Property:P3283|P3283]]), Beatport artist ID ([[Property:P5765|P5765]]), Deezer artist ID ([[Property:P2722|P2722]]), Last.fm ID ([[Property:P3192|P3192]]), AllMusic artist ID ([[Property:P1728|P1728]]), Apple Music artist ID ([[Property:P2850|P2850]]), Tidal artist ID ([[Property:P11853|P11853]]). Each claim includes a reference with stated in: Tracklister + reference URL pointing to the artist's page on tracklist.live. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Dušan_Kreheľ_(bot)|Dušan Kreheľ (bot)]] (approved) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1775664000 18:00 CEST], 08th April 2026 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_April_2026| Blazegraph Migration Office Hours]]: Blazegraph migeration office hours April edition is today, 7th January, {{zonestamp|2026-03-27 16:00|16:00 UTC}}. These sessions focus exclusively on supporting the migration away from Blazegraph as the backend of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS). [[Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_April_2026|See the office hour page for details and future sessions]]. ** [https://wissenschaftliche-sammlungen.de/de/termine/digis-workshop-wikidata-fuer-die-sammlungserschliessung digiS Workshop: Wikidata für die Sammlungserschließung] - 20 April 2026, 10.00 CEST (08:00 UTC), this online workshop (held in German) will practice Wikidata skills across SPARQL, OpenRefine and QuickStatements with a focus on using Wikidata for GLAM Institutions. To register, visit the link. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/04/wikidata-graphs-for-data-visualisation-of-endangered-horse-breeds-in-wikipedia/ Wikidata graphs for data visualisation of endangered horse breeds in Wikipedia] By Tsaag Valren ** [[:w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:RAW/2026-04-05#L'Atelier|Does country of birth have an effect on the probability to have a biography in French-language Wikipedia?]] (Le pays de naissance a-t-il un effet sur les chances d'avoir une biographie sur Wikipédia ?), published in RAW-Regards sur l'actualité de Wikimedia in Wikipedia in French. ** (German) [[WMDEblog:2026/04/01/wikidata-ist-teil-von-wikimedia-enterprise|Wikidata ist ein teil von Wikimedia Enterprise]] - an update from Wikimedia Germany on Wikidata's inclusion with Wikimedia Enterprise. ** (German) [https://nearby.hypotheses.org/5479 How to edit nearby: Notizen für regionale Open GLAM-Labore und offene Daten] by Jens Bemme. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/17/building-the-dagbanli-dictionarys-audio-pipeline-ogg-ios-and-transcoding/ Building the Dagbanli Dictionary’s Audio Pipeline: OGG, iOS, and Transcoding], by Mohammed Sadat Abdulai and Mohammed Awal Alhassan * Papers: ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2604.02618v1 OntoKG: Ontology-Oriented Knowledge Graph Construction with Intrinsic-Relational Routing] by Li ''et al.,'' (2026), includes a case study of cleaning and resolving entity labels and descriptions from a 100 million entity dump. ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2603.29801v1 ENEIDE: A High Quality Silver Standard Dataset for Named Entity Recognition and Linking in Historical Italian] by Santinia ''et al.,'' (2026), the ENEIDE dataset links over 2000 historical documents to 8,000+ Wikidata entities. ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2603.29336v1#S6 CADEL: A Corpus of Administrative Web Documents for Japanese Entity Linking] by Higashiyama ''et al.,'' (2026) * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDdGRXSOP24 Using content from Wikidata in your apps], lightning talk by Jan Ainali ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7cJNk2cZzBg&pp=0gcJCcQBo7VqN5tDiggCQAE%3D 2025: OpenStreetMap x Wikidata Collaboration: Taiwan Case] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZaBKr5pCLc&pp=iggCQAE%3D 2025: The Ugandan Geo Quests: Mapping Libraries and Museums into the Knowledge Commons] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=GomBxbkXZ00&pp=0gcJCcQBo7VqN5tDiggCQAE%3D Using Wikidata for data enrichment in museums] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sOCYi3IJN3s&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 1: What is Wikidata & Why Does It Matter?] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=UPea-60l3tA&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 2: Wikidata Building Blocks] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=lZdxNb-5Slw&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 3: Create an Account & Your First Edits] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=HsuydHCnpAE&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 4: First Edits: Adding References] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5L7Htxi3Vs&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 5: Creating a New Item] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wq42.toolforge.org/ An AI chat interface to Wikidata] by Santhosh Thottingal is a tool that gives answers to almost everything on Wikidata ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editing user testing: Wikimedia Deutschland is planning new user tests for the mobile editing experience (including more data types as a beta feature) in late April–early May. Participants of all experience levels are welcome, and users of right‑to‑left scripts are especially encouraged to sign up. Register [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/apply here]. Participants will be compensated for their time. * Wikidata's data is now also available via Wikimedia Enterprise APIs. ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/wikidata-api-endpoints-wikimedia-enterprise/ Wikimedia Enterprise blog post], [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Wikidata’s data will be available through Wikimedia Enterprise|WMDE announcement]]) * [[d:Wikidata:Vector_Database|Wikidata embedding]]: The vectors of the embedding are now also published. * (Job vacancy) [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/7543775?gh_src=94cfded01us&utm_source=MyJobMag: Engineering Manager, Wikidata Platform] (WMF) * (Job vacancy in Indonesian) [https://wikimedia.or.id/karier/lowongan-pemagang-data-dan-teknologi-wikimedia-indonesia-2026/ Wikimedia Indonesia: Data and Technology Apprenticeship Vacancy, April-June 2026] - apply by April 10. Duties include recording Wikidata editing tutorial videos, prepare datathons and training materials and events. * Research workshop on content verifiability in Wikidata: Researchers from King's College London (in partnership with the Wikimedia Foundation) invite Wikidata contributors of all experience levels to a 2‑hour online workshop. Participants receive £90 compensation. [[m:Research:Participatory Auditing AI Tools for Information Verifiability|Research details and registration]]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14254|regional conservation status]] (<nowiki>conservation status of species in national or regional Red List publications that follow the IUCN red list criteria</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14256|‎PeerTube instance URL]] (<nowiki>the PeerTube instance of/about the subject</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14252|PeerJ person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14253|‎RITVA corporate body ID]], [[:d:Property:P14255|‎Royal Air Force service number]], [[:d:Property:P14257|LUBW-RIPS hydroelectric power station-ID]], [[:d:Property:P14258|Biorab-Frankfurt ID]], [[:d:Property:P14259|‎Minfin company ID for banks]], [[:d:Property:P14260|Wikiparfum perfumer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14261|Cultural heritage ID in Baden-Württemberg]], [[:d:Property:P14262|MangaBaka manga ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikimedia Commons content descriptor|Wikimedia Commons content descriptor]] (<nowiki>Wikimedia Commons content descriptor which applies to this media file</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/energy density|energy density]] (<nowiki>amount of energy extractable from a substance (e.g. in a combustion engine) per unit of volume or of mass</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/main page URL|main page URL]] (<nowiki>link to main page or item on website</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bayerische Naturdenkmal-ID|Bayerische Naturdenkmal-ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for natural monuments in Bavaria (Germany), issued by the Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/election result|election result]] (<nowiki>map that displays the result of this election</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/meta-category for|meta-category for]] (<nowiki>topic or class of items covered by the lowest categories in this meta-category's hierarchy</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cast|Cast]] (<nowiki>Cast</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mainline Station Heritage Artefacts Collection ID|Mainline Station Heritage Artefacts Collection ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/lit.link ID|lit.link ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WikiKids page ID|WikiKids page ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KuLaDig ID|KuLaDig ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikiparfum brand ID|Wikiparfum brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Turkey district ID|Turkey district ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Turkey province ID|Turkey province ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OSDev|OSDev]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Giant Bomb Wiki ID|Giant Bomb Wiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Myrotvorets ID|Myrotvorets ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fraktionsprotokolle.de-ID|Fraktionsprotokolle.de-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KISTI article ID|KISTI article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Irish State Administration Database Unit ID|Irish State Administration Database Unit ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hessische Parlamentarismusgeschichte Abgeordneten-ID|Hessische Parlamentarismusgeschichte Abgeordneten-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ocremix.org game ID|ocremix.org game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tube8 ID|Tube8 ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/YourPorn ID|YourPorn ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/KssE Wikispecies pages linked to Wikidata items via a specific property] (example given: Family Name <small>''(Q101352)''</small>) - ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Wikispecies_page_linked_to_a_items_with_a_specific_property|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Salon_de_Paris|Salon de Paris]] - a list of annual temporary exhibitions usually held in the Salon Carré of the Louvre Palace. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Mesocosms|Mesocosms]] - about modelling research infrastructure, processes and outcomes involving use of [[d:Q138857216|mesocosm (Q138857216)]] ''(experimental system to examine the natural environment under controlled conditions).'' ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Indonesia/Kegiatan/Datathon/Arsip/2025|Archive WikiProject for Wikimedia Indonesia February 2025 Datahon]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Eswatini|Govdirectory: Eswatini]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/badged_items_without_claims|Badged Items without Claims]] - this report lists items that have received a badge (such as Good / Featured Article) but have 0 statements. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q337480|Académie Julian (Q337480)]] - former art school in Paris, France * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L724819|kurugu (L724819)]] - Dagbanli noun that translate to English as metal, harem trousers, hour or coin. ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to investigate how to reduce the number of irrelevant changes showing up in Recent changes and Watchlist by seeing if we can compare the articles before and after the Wikidata change and detect a change in the article ([[phab:T419823]]) * GraphQL: You can now do lookups using itemByExternalId and itemBySitelink * Mobile statement editing: We worked on fixing remaining bugs ([[phab:T420585 ]], [[phab:T420028]], [[phab:T419586]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Eswatini|Eswatini]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:56, 7 April 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30329875 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue III, March 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in Equinox * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Celebrating 20 Years of Papiamentu/o Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Bolivia report|Bolivia report]]: The Family Treasures Project Returns, with New GLAM Partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil defines six categories to represent Brazilian culture on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Architecture in the public domain in libraries in Nariño/Arquitectura en dominio público en bibliotecas nariñenses * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Main Wikimedian in Residence report for 2025 is here * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Art History Loves Wiki 2026 – digital/local. collection loves wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration resumes with the British Library for Bangla Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 2026 winners projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence update, a letter published in Nature & Architecture + Women NZ * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's GLAM Highlights: Botany and Beyond * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: March in Portugal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Looking for similar images * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM Wiki Group, Donna, CoCreation PTT-Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: CILIP MDG 2026 Conference, Library meetups and the World's Enamels * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring 2026 news from Ukraine – Wiki Loves Folklore & more #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: MoMA's International Traveling Exhibitions and Wikidata on the LD4 Arts Affinity Group April Community Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Oulu Löyly * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Indigenous languages on the Main Page * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:20, 9 April 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30344683 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:56, 13 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #727 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-04-13. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#726]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/ZI_Jony_2|ZI Jony (2)]] - RfP scheduled to end after 17 April 2026 13:09 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/NirmosBot_3|Nirmos Bot 3]] - Task(s): Turn one or more consecutive hard (non-breaking) spaces into one regular space in Swedish descriptions. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Alex_NB_OT|Alex NB OT]] - Task(s): Correction of incorrectly specified links to population data sources containing wikitext artifacts with categories, which leads to incorrect categorization of articles. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Alex_NB_OT_2|Alex NB OT 2]] - Task(s): Extract KCI article ID from [[d:Property:P953|P953]] and add it to [[d:Property:P14184|P14184]]. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/ReNeuralAgent|ReNeuralAgent]] - Task(s): (1) add descriptions, (2) Latvian labels/descriptions, (3) 'retrieved from' and 'source URL' to unreferenced Statements, (4) missing aliases from external Identifier sources, (5) Geo coordinates, (6) external identifiers, (7) Population numbers, (8) remove 'dead sitelinks', (9) constraint violations. * Open request for comment: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Mass-editing_policy|Mass-editing policy]] is still open and requires your input. ''' Events ''' * Past: Missed the second quarter Wikidata+Wikibase office hour? You can catch up by reading the session transcript here: [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events/Telegram office hour 2026-04-08|2026-04-08 (Q2 2026)]] * Current: (Spanish) [[d:Event:Dominio_Público_en_América_Latina_2026|Public Domain in Latin America 2026]] - 1st edition of the campaign to improve public domain data for Latin America is running until 15 June. * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Next Linked Data for Libraries [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session 14 April, 2026: We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group Session on Tuesday, April 14, 2026 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST (Time zone converter). QuickStatements is one of the most widely used tools in Wikidata, enabling users to upload and edit large volumes of structured data efficiently. Originally developed by Magnus Manske, the tool has become essential for institutions, researchers, and volunteers working with open data. The new QuickStatements 3.0, developed by Wikimedia Brasil with support from Wikimedia Deutschland, introduces a modernized interface, improved performance, and new features shaped by community input, making it easier than ever to contribute high-quality data to the Wikimedia ecosystem. Event page: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/QuickStatements3|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/QuickStatements3]] **[https://artandfeminism.org/panel/community-hours-af-wikidata-modules/ Art+Feminism is hosting a Community Hours session on April 17 to introduce their new Wikidata modules — don’t miss it!] ** [https://www.digis-berlin.de/workshop-wikidata-fuer-die-sammlungserschliessung-am-20-04/ digiS Workshop „Wikidata für die Sammlungserschließung“ am 20.04.] - (German), registration closes 16.04, takes place online (10:00 – 11:30 CEST), room link after registration. ** [https://events.ucf.edu/event/4102698/open-scholarly-profiles-with-wikidata Open Scholarly Profiles with Wikidata] - Wednesday, April 22, 2026 1300 - 1430 EDT (1700 - 1830 UTC). This is an onsite event at University of Central Florida. ** [[w:ig:Event:Visibility_of_Communities_in_Nigeria_2.0|Visibility of Communities in Nigeria 2.0]]: 17.04 - 25.04, (please register on the link). Help enrich Wikidata with cultural preservation, tourism and inclusive development data for items on South Nigerian communities. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: (Spanish) [[wmes:conectando-a-los-autores-y-autoras-del-patrimonio-documental-vasco-en-wikipedia-y-wikidata|Connecting: Basque documentary heritage on Wikipedia and Wikidata]] - a program to make Basque heritage data more visible, with events scheduled through April - June. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TiyhYerswVU Live Wikidata Editing #120] with Jan Ainali and Abbe98 ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVUDn1E-yJU Can AI Replace Wikipedia? Jonathan Fraine & Raja Amelung Explain Why It Cannot] - Wikimedia Deutschland's Jonathan and Raja discuss why human knowledge and contribution to Wikipedia and Wikidata will always be important. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEzUqaorHtg Interfacing with Wikidata for fun and profit] - Yaron Koren ** [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qwwpxtdGAG7oYKwlp2ykhyZIgrMYvUgt/view Introduction to Lexicographical data] - By Chinonso Chidi ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=TmMC8L89hOs&pp=iggCQAE%3D WMUK Wikidata Training (1/2) - Why & how to add data to Wikidata] - a beginner-friendly introduction to Wikidata editing hosted by Dr. Martin Poulter. ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=acjchSUjq48&pp=iggCQAE%3D WMUK Wikidata training (2/2) - Make your first Wikidata query using SPARQL] - How to query Wikidata's vast store of knowledge using SPARQL. ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5WTkl4dXCKA&pp=iggCQAE%3D Wikidata and personal pronouns (P6553) by Clair Kronk and Crystal Yragui] - part of the [[m:Event:Queering_Wikipedia_Conference_2025|Queering Wikipedia Conference (2025)]] ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoSszuyG8tI Queering the public domain using Wikidata and Wikipedia] - with [[m:User:Hiperterminal|User:Hiperterminal]]. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRj3cXRn1uk Taller de OpenRefine por David Ramírez-Ordóñez] ([[m:User:Hiperterminal|User:Hiperterminal]]) - a workshop on OpenRefine with a geder perspective. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31VQumm49yM Introducing lgbtDB: A Collaborative Queer Resource and Pilot Data Area] by Clair Kronk. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://humansmap.com/ HumansMap] - a connection-visualiser and explorer app for 3 million notable humans, all data sourced from Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Call for tool builders: EntitySchemas listening tour: The Wikidata team wants your feedback on EntitySchemas to improve data quality and discoverability. Share your experiences, pain points, and needs via the [[d:Wikidata_talk:Schemas#EntitySchemas_listening_tour_(feedback_round_2)|project talk page]] or this short [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeF1snQbKid7WaurWtEyrYPJ31M9vN8cKl4EocOnwNCvMsZqw/viewform?usp=header Google form] (including option for a 30-min video call). ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14272|ConLang Code Registry code]] (<nowiki>3-letter identifier for language defined in the ConLang Code Registry, using codes reserved for private use in ISO 639-3</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14280|‎official roster page]] (<nowiki>URL of a team's official page about this player</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14299|‎value type of this mathematical property]] (<nowiki>type of the value of this mathematical property when applied to this object or this type of objects</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14300|‎Usenet newsgroup]] (<nowiki>Usenet newsgroup associated with the item</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14317|hardware is incompatible with]] (<nowiki>significant elements with which a computer hardware or electronic device is incompatible and which indicates a significant property of this hardware.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14319|Peh-oe-ji]] (<nowiki>writing system for Taiwanese Hokkien (Q36778) or other Southern Min (Q36495) language varieties in Fujian and South East Asia.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14332|‎heir apparent]] (<nowiki>person designated to take on royal position after death of subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14341|thumbtime]] (<nowiki>time for video thumbnail in seconds</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14263|Algeria Press Service tag ID (English)]], [[:d:Property:P14264|Algeria Press Service tag ID (French)]], [[:d:Property:P14265|‎BERON lexeme ID]], [[:d:Property:P14266|‎Brussels BeStAddress street ID]], [[:d:Property:P14267|‎Brussels BeStAddress address ID]], [[:d:Property:P14268|‎Atlas of Endangered Alphabets ID]], [[:d:Property:P14269|Anarâš aavis topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14270|Wikiparfum perfume ingredient ID]], [[:d:Property:P14271|TMDB award ID]], [[:d:Property:P14273|Open Library Collection]], [[:d:Property:P14274|‎Ohio University ArchiveSpace subject ID]], [[:d:Property:P14275|VAi Archiefhub agent ID]], [[:d:Property:P14276|‎PBA.com player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14277|‎IRIS UNIL author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14278|IPRESS ID]], [[:d:Property:P14279|GEMI Number]], [[:d:Property:P14281|‎StandardsMap ID]], [[:d:Property:P14282|‎Japanese Location Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14283|‎IRDI]], [[:d:Property:P14284|‎Wendingen object ID]], [[:d:Property:P14285|‎Wendingen person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14286|Oricon News ID]], [[:d:Property:P14287|‎JMRC person id (en)]], [[:d:Property:P14288|Rappels person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14289|KCI journal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14290|KCI publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14291|BIORAB-Kaiserreich ID]], [[:d:Property:P14292|BIORAB–WEIMAR ID]], [[:d:Property:P14293|‎Mainline Station Heritage Artefacts Collection ID]], [[:d:Property:P14294|Göteborgsalliansen player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14295|‎Fungal Names taxon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14296|‎Dicionário Biográfico de Cientistas, Engenheiros e Médicos em Portugal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14297|‎Brewver beer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14298|Central Registration Number (Indonesian police)]], [[:d:Property:P14301|‎UEA catalogue ID]], [[:d:Property:P14302|‎lit.link ID]], [[:d:Property:P14303|kulturbase.no ID]], [[:d:Property:P14304|KuLaDig-ID]], [[:d:Property:P14310|Topplista artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14311|TV Drama Database program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14315|‎Thyssen-Bornemisza work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14316|‎Swedish National Archives ID]], [[:d:Property:P14318|Perfumery Glossary ingredient ID]], [[:d:Property:P14320|‎PeeringDB facility ID]], [[:d:Property:P14321|‎Nişanyan Adlar ID]], [[:d:Property:P14322|National Theatre in Prague performance ID]], [[:d:Property:P14323|National Theatre in Prague artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14324|‎JVID performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14325|CICAP Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14326|‎MJ character glyph name]], [[:d:Property:P14327|member of the Azorean parliament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14328|Master Ideographs Seeker character ID]], [[:d:Property:P14329|‎London Book Trades ID]], [[:d:Property:P14330|‎Kloekecode]], [[:d:Property:P14331|ID Prix de Lausanne]], [[:d:Property:P14333|‎GDUNO ID]], [[:d:Property:P14334|‎fotbolltransfers.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P14335|Foot Résultats player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14336|‎Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography ID]], [[:d:Property:P14337|‎DBNL country ID]], [[:d:Property:P14338|‎CROWCASS file number]], [[:d:Property:P14339|‎European Dictionary Portal ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenType script tag|OpenType script tag]] (<nowiki>identifier for a script in OpenType</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenType language system tag|OpenType language system tag]] (<nowiki>identifier for a language (system) in OpenType</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/tattoos|tattoos]] (<nowiki>anatomical location of a tattoo that this person or character have</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/organization in cooperation with ISO ID|organization in cooperation with ISO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EDAM Ontology ID|EDAM Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FISH Evidence Thesaurus Identifier|FISH Evidence Thesaurus Identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FISH Thesaurus of Monument Types ID|FISH Thesaurus of Monument Types ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScriptSource script ID|ScriptSource script ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScriptSource language code|ScriptSource language code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Extended Defence of Britain Database ID|Extended Defence of Britain Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Max username|Max username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BE-monumen ID|BE-monumen ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/LAbm List of sitelinked small items to a single Wiki] ([https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Request_a_query&oldid=2480451843 source]) - example wiki: Maori Wikipedia ** [https://w.wiki/FYno People who have herbarium specimens in Herbarium Dresdense (on a timeline)] ([[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Collectors_affiliated_with_the_Herbarium_Dresdense_(DR)|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Collectors_affiliated_with_the_Herbarium_Dresdense_(DR)|Collectors affiliated with the Herbarium Dresdense (DR)]] * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/QuickStatements3|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/QuickStatements3]] - don't forget to add yourself to the participants section if you plan to attend the 14.04 Zoom call. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Temples_in_Roman_Britain/Data_Model|Temples in Roman Britain/Data Model]] subpage was added. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Library_and_Information_Science|Library and Information Science]] added subpages: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Library_and_Information_Science/dashboard_of_librarians|Librarians dashboard]], [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Library_and_Information_Science/dashboard_of_indexers|Indexers dashboard]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Special:ShortPages|Short Pages]] - A list of pages (mostly Items) that are very small, often appear completely blank. A review to judge whether they are suitable for deletion, victims of vandalism or require merging or expanding may be appropriate. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q804859|Baldur's gate II: Shadows of Amn]] - an isometric CRPG created with the Infinity engine, adapting the Advanced Dungeons and Dragons 2nd edition ruleset. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1250690|spegnere]] (Italian verb) to turn off, switch off, extinguish. ''' Development ''' * The Wikibase Reuse Team is working on ensuring [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413655 language fallback works on the GraphQL] labels of linked entities functionality and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421994 improving the technical infrastructure behind wbsearchentities]. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: is working on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422564 introducing metrics] that help observe the impact of Recent Change related work. Work continues on improving the Diff ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419244 T419244], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419823 T419823]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/United Nations|United Nations]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:40, 13 April 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30379279 --> == Tech News: 2026-16 == <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:16, 13 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == [[Incubator:Requests for deletions#Wikinews test projects]] == For record, I guess that this section affects some test projects you previous contributed, at least [[Wn/af]] and [[Wn/vi]], so your inputs are welcome on the future of those Wikinews tests which are currently frozen. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 00:29, 19 April 2026 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:34, 20 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30430366 --> == Tech News: 2026-17 == <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:57, 20 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #728 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-04-20. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#727]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Yamato Shiya|Yamato Shiya]] - RfP scheduled to end after 26 April 2026 11:10 (UTC) * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/ZI Jony 2|ZI Jony 2]] - Closed as successful ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #88 May 11 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ** Wikidata turns 14 this October, and it’s time to start thinking about birthday celebrations🥳. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/O6V5RI7VMZCQGFTJZNNFOYZPJ6OPPK2R/ See the various ways in which you can participate]. ** [https://events.ucf.edu/event/4102698/open-scholarly-profiles-with-wikidata Open Scholarly Profiles with Wikidata] - April 22, 2026 1300 - 1430 EDT (1700 - 1830 UTC). This is an onsite event at University of Central Florida and requires registration (see link). ** [https://www.instagram.com/p/DXNPK8jkl7p University of Central Illinois - How does data power Wikipedia and Wikidata?] Discover how your data skills can make an impact. Join the two onsite sessions (April 21, follow the link for registration details). '''Module 1''' - GLAM Wiki and the Wikimedia Ecosystem: Commons and Structured Data: 0930 - 1130 CDT - An overview of GLAM-Wiki (Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums). '''Module 2''' - Wikidata: Editing, Querying, Citations and GIS Applications, 1300 - 1500 CDT ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [[DiffBlog:2026/04/14/women-in-photography-wikidata-workshop-with-lightbox-library|Women in Photography – Wikidata Workshop with LightBox Photo Library]] - to address the underrepresentation of women photographers in the Wikimedia Projects, this workshop brought tech reporters, librarians, researchers and photography enthusiasts to understand how Wikidata can unlock data silos and connect different projects (in the Wikiverse and external) to make data on women photographers more searchable. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/14/her-heritage-wiki-challenge-artfeminism-in-ghana-month/ Her Heritage Wiki Challenge: Art+Feminism in Ghana Month] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/18/no-signal-no-problem-building-the-dagbanli-dictionary-for-offline-use/ No Signal? No Problem: Building the Dagbanli Dictionary for Offline Use], by Mohammed Sadat Abdulai and Mohammed Awal Alhassan * Papers: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-026-05621-1 Optimising university web visibility: strategies using Wikidata identifiers and statements in Webometrics rankings] By Backory et al., (2026), this study analyses Webometrics rankings of universities, applying clustering algorithms (K-means, hierarchical clustering, fuzzy C-means, GMM, and DBSCAN) to identify which identifiers and statements the top-ranked institutions have in common on their Wikidata entities. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8qG2QxqsQE OKI Internship 2026 - Wikidata & Screening Test Preparation] - Part of the Open Knowledge Initiative, hosted by Ankit V & Kasyap P. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnOHrG_nVvY Charted Roots - Genealogy and worldbuilding in Obsidian] - includes an example of linking to Wikidata to quickly add location data to your visualised family history. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://hay.toolforge.org/depictor/index.php Depictor] by Hay Kranen is a tool that add structured data statements to Wikimedia Commons using a game-like interface ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://librarycarpentry.github.io/lc-wikidata/01-introduction.html What is Wikidata? - Library Carpentry] is part of ''The Carpentries'', a registered non-profit teaching foundational coding and data science skills. They recently updated their introductory course to Wikidata and knowledge graph concepts. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14344|‎ocremix.org game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/especially|especially]] (<nowiki>qualifier for statements to refine a value that applies more generally, but applies especially to a more specific value; a more specific qualifier than "including" (P1012)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/independent of theory|independent of theory]] (<nowiki>theory that proves neither this proposition nor its negation</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EPBC conservation status|EPBC conservation status]] (<nowiki>the conservation status from the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 assigned by the Australian Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/part of discography|part of discography]] (<nowiki>discography that this musical release is a part of</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Thai Government Agency GFMIS Code|Thai Government Agency GFMIS Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Conlang Database ID|Conlang Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Plataforma Acácia|Plataforma Acácia]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Observatório Terras Quilombolas|Observatório Terras Quilombolas]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LMTA folkloro archyvo ID|LMTA folkloro archyvo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kulturdenkmal-ID Rheinland-Pfalz|Kulturdenkmal-ID Rheinland-Pfalz]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profile ID|UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Код Вестра|Код Вестра]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/19star performer ID|19star performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EM-DAT disaster number|EM-DAT disaster number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ColBase ID|ColBase ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIOSOP ID|BIOSOP ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIOKAND ID|BIOKAND ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://query-chest.toolforge.org/redirect/0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002BJC71J4LUqy0w0MAAygQUkoMc46KQ2QeA28GuQ6saU Depthness of subway stations in meters] (by [[User:Bouzinac|Bouzinac]]) * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/children_of_unborn_parents|Children of unborn parents]], this list shows the child entity's birth date predates the parent entity's birth date: good candidates to check if the birth and relationship statements need correcting. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q41178|Haïlé Sélassié Ier]] - Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L9704|slide (L9704)]] - English noun (slaɪd) meaning "a photographic transparency", "a playground or gym apparatus", or "a mass movement of earth or snow" ''' Development ''' * The Wikibase Reuse team continued their work on ensuring [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413655 language fallback works for labels of linked entities in GraphQL] and on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421994 refactoring wbsearchentities] * The Wikidata team worked on explored how to reduce load for low data users [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400325 T400325], fixed some bugs on the new mobile editing on Items [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418110 T418110], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414454 T414454] and improved some error messages [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T417797 T417797], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412145 T412145] * In the WIT team, engineering continued working on the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419823 LilDiffCheck prototype] [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/South_Korea|South Korea]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:04, 20 April 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30424079 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 April 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/News and notes|Six Serbian Wikipedia editors banned following controversy about political bias]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/In the media|Could Wikipedia be involved in Massachusetts' proposed social media ban for minors?]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Gallery|March equinox]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Traffic report|Time to change my galaxy in case, we outta space!]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Comix|Of skirts and articles]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 06:50, 21 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30434643 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:04, 27 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30449041 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #729 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-04-27. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#728]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: '''[[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Yamato_Shiya|Yamato Shiya]]''' - Congratulations to our newest Admin! * New requests for permissions/Bot: '''[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Chamiln17@FineWiki|Chamiln17@FineWiki]]''' - '''Task/s:''' Read-only Wikidata entity cache build for an academic temporal language model dataset. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: Next [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session — 28 April 2026 at 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST. This session covers QuickStatements 3.0, the updated batch-editing tool for Wikidata, redeveloped by Wikimedia Brasil with support from Wikimedia Deutschland, featuring a modern interface and improved performance. Watch the previous session recording: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkd_W_K2CEQ on youtube]. More details: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/QuickStatements3 | QuickStatements3]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/10/the-gballi-browser-designing-for-the-dagbanli-alphabet/ The Gballi Browser: Designing for the Dagbanli Alphabet], by Mohammed Sadat Abdulai and Mohammed Awal Alhassan ** [[DiffBlog:2026/04/21/building-visibility-for-african-women-on-wikimedia-the-empowerher-fellowship|Building Visibility for African Women on Wikimedia: The EmpowerHer Fellowship]] by Andikan Efiok Eduok. * Papers: ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.430 Call for Edits Nearby: Open Archives Metadata from Saxony] by J. Bemme & M. Munke (2026), latest paper in the Journal of Open Humanities Data series. ** (Deutsch) [PDF] [https://arthist.net/reviews/52225/view=pdf Art History Loves Wiki 2026 | digital/local.collection loves wiki] - report from ArtHist.net on the recent 3rd edition of the conference, held at the Museum Schnütgen, Köln, from 27 – 29 March. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GAI0MXlYBE Live Wikidata Editing, #121] with Jan Ainali and Abbe98. ** (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ci-TFUyvnAU Build with Wikimedia open data: APIs, SPARQL and visualization] with Carla Toro Fernández, Director Technology WM Chile. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mehivb26qI Every Airport Ever Built (1909-2024)] - an animated map showing where and when airports were built. Powered by Wikidata and OurAirports. ** (Catalan) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xFbsSRMncs Barcelona Free Software: How to use Wikidata to make public domain digital works visible?], [[d:User:Hiperterminal|User:Hiperterminal]] presents Paulina, discusses the work done in digitising collections and how to make public domain works visible. * Notebooks: [https://observablehq.com/@pac02/does-the-country-of-birth-affect-the-likelihood-of Does the country of birth affect the likelihood of having a Wikipedia biography?] by [[User:PAC2]] ''' Tools of the week ''' * [https://app.wikitime.live/ The Human History Atlas (WikiTime)], a browser-based atlas that uses Wikidata and Wikipedia-sourced data to construct timelines and allows exploration of significant historical events. * [https://olympians.toolforge.org/athletes Wikilympians], a real-time list of all 153,412 known Olympic competitors with Wikidata and Wikipedia coverage statistics ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikibase Suite 7.0 and Wikibase Suite Deploy 7.0.0 have been launched! It brings Wikibase closer to feature parity with Wikidata. Here's what's in the latest release: ** [[mw:Extension:Echo|Echo Extension]]: User activity alerts and notifications. ** [[mw:Extension:DiscussionTools|Discussion Tools Extension]]: Set of tools to enhance discussion pages. ** [[mw:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts|Temporary Accounts]]: The support for temporary accounts without IP address exposure has been added. It will, however, remain disabled by default, in line with Wikibase Cloud. ** Grouped External Identifiers (https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310898): External identifiers are now grouped on entity pages for better readability. ** “Mul” (multi-language) support: Adds support for multi-language values. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14345|perspective]] (<nowiki>point of view for an image of an object, for example an anatomical structure (ventral, dorsal, frontal)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14347|Bavarian natural monuments ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for natural monuments in Bavaria (Germany), issued by the Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14351|‎audio version of text]] (<nowiki>The audio version of a text (e.g. book). Not the audio version of the Wikipedia article about the text (e.g. book).</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14359|‎motive]] (<nowiki>verified reasoning behind an action</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14360|‎award category or rank]] (<nowiki>(qualifier of P166) specific category or rank of an award received, for awards with more than one category or rank</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14346|‎BE-monumen ID]], [[:d:Property:P14348|Team Norway athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P14349|‎Kantonsspital St.Gallen author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14350|‎Consumer Rights Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14353|Central Registration Number (Indonesia Military)]], [[:d:Property:P14354|‎Conlang Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14355|EM-DAT disaster number]], [[:d:Property:P14356|UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profile ID]], [[:d:Property:P14357|‎EDAM Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P14358|‎Turkey province ID]], [[:d:Property:P14361|Kvinnehistorie.no topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14362|CNVD-ID]], [[:d:Property:P14363|GiveSendGo fundraising ID]], [[:d:Property:P14364|radiko person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14365|Wikiparfum brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14366|‎Turkey district ID]], [[:d:Property:P14367|OSDev article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/different from property|different from property]] (<nowiki>This property is to be distinguished from the other property</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SELL rating|SELL rating]] (<nowiki>classification in the Syndicat des éditeurs de logiciels de loisirs rating system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/time expansion|time expansion]] (<nowiki>factor by which a recording's duration has been extended or compressed relative to the original real-time event, without pitch correction; values greater than 1 indicate time expansion (e.g. 10 = ten times longer than real life, pitch lowered tenfold); values less than 1 indicate time compression (e.g. 0.1 = ten times shorter, pitch raised tenfold); 1 = real-time</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parental Advisory System rating|Parental Advisory System rating]] (<nowiki>content rating for coin-operated video games</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINEFOX film ID (reproposal)|CINEFOX film ID (reproposal)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINEFOX parson ID (reproposal)|CINEFOX parson ID (reproposal)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VK video ID|VK video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brew TV|Brew TV]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CycleBase cyclist ID (new)|CycleBase cyclist ID (new)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Royal Australian Air Force service number|Royal Australian Air Force service number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Files of the Reich Chancellery ID|Files of the Reich Chancellery ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/MDpD List of treaties/truces in the time] by [[:d:User:Bouzinac | Bouzinac ]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Occupations|WikiProject Occupations]] for enriching items [[d:Property:P106|occupation ''<small>(P106)</small>'']], [[d:Q12737077|occupation ''<small>(Q12737077)</small>'']] with data verified from official national occupation classification systems. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/without_claims_by_site|Without Claims by Site]] - this report will list how many Wikidata Items have 0 Statements, with a linked Wiki Article/page. Click ''reports/all items'' for a per wiki list, and consider expanding. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q845661|Okazaki fragments]] - short DNA sequences synthesized discontinuously during DNA replication * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L29733|transfer (L29733)]] - English noun/verb (ˈtræns.fɜːr) meaning "to move from one place to another", "a sports team member moving to another team", or "a ticket allowing continuation of a journey" ''' Development ''' * Query Service: It is now possible to download query results in Wikidata Query Service that include coordinates as KML & GPX (GeoJSON has been available since last year). Text from the first column in the results is used as the value for naming POIs. Thanks again to Atom.oil.2 for the patch. ([[phab:T414376]]) * The Wikidata team continued working on a prototype to make WikiProjects more visible ([[phab:T420907]]) and made the new Wikidata mobile UI use auto-resizing text areas instead of single-line text inputs, in order to make longer values easier to edit ([[phab:T414420]]) * The Wikidata Integrations team now has a working prototype of LilDiffCheck, injecting wikidata changes into recent changes only if there was a change on the wikipedia html ([[phab:T421390]]) * Language fallback will be available this week on the labels of linked entities functionality in GraphQL ([[phab:T413655]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Main dashboard|field of work]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:28, 27 April 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30424079 --> == This Month in Education: April 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 16:01, 27 April 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30406002 --> == Tech News: 2026-18 == <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:03, 27 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:16, 4 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30464799 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #730 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-05-04. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#729]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Chamiln17@FineWiki|Chamiln17@FineWiki]] - Task: This bot performs a read-only cache build for an academic temporal language model dataset. * Other: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Ontology/Status of Ontology Classes and Properties|better tools to support constraints implied by properties like disjoint union of]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects Days 2026|WikiProjects Days 2026]] (online, June 19 to 21). A community gathering focused on making WikiProjects more useful, visible, and alive. [[d:Event talk:WikiProjects Days 2026|Propose a session]] (deadline for proposals: May 26, 2026) or register now. ** [[m:Language_Diversity_Conference/Submissions|Language Diversity Conference]] - Call for Submissions ends 15 May 2026. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/29/wikidata-community-summit-2026-coscup-call-for-proposals/ Wikidata Community Summit 2026 @ COSCUP] - Call for Proposals ends May 9, 2026. ** [https://www.laguardia.edu/event/lic-photo-walking-tourwikipedia-workshop/ LIC Photo Walking Tour + Wikipedia & Wikidata Workshop] - May 16, 12:30 - 16:00 EDT (UTC-4). A historical walking tour of Long Island City, New York, concluding with a Wiki-skills workshop at LaGuardia. Registration on the event link. * Ongoing: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Coordinate_Me_2026|COORDINATE ME 2026]] - a Wikidata competition for geolocatable content has just started and ends 31 May 2026. Visit the link for details on how to participate. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://christianmahnke.de/en/post/blog-visualisation/ Visualised Blog metadata through SPARQL queries] - ChristianMahnke blog. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/22/mozilla-common-voice-meets-wikidata-how-the-dagbanli-dictionary-got-audio-usage-examples/ Mozilla Common Voice Meets Wikidata (How the Dagbanli Dictionary Got Audio Usage Examples)] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/03/wiki-loves-mother-tongue-2026-in-the-igbo-community/ Wiki Loves Mother Tongue 2026 in the Igbo Community] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/04/eduwiki-workshop-highlights-practical-uses-of-wikimedia-commons-in-education/ EduWiki Workshop Highlights Practical Uses of Wikimedia Commons in Education] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/02/recap-wiki-for-human-rights-lgbtiq-nigeria-february-and-march-training/ Recap: Wiki for Human Rights, LGBTIQ+ Nigeria, February and March Training] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/01/the-new-artfeminisms-wikidata-modules-are-here/ The new Art+Feminism’s Wikidata Modules are here!] * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lEyzX98BFE Panel on Wikidata and public domain in Colombia] (Spanish): on April 24th, the National Library of Colombia, The Cultural Network of the Bank of the Republic of Colombia, Wikimedia Colombia and Fundación Conector discussed about digital heritage and Wikidata, its challenges and opportunities for collaboration. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAnnn-Bk7Tk Wikibase - an introduction by Jason Evans] (Open Data Manager, National Library of Wales). Produced by the Wikimedian in Residence channel, University of Edinburgh. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OV4aL2PdjIc A uMap based on Wikidata] - a use-case of Holy Wells located in Ireland, associated with female Saints, powered by Wikidata and OpenStreetMap. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViOkEYQLggM Wikifunctions in practice: Reusable Logic for Wikimedia] - Presentation given by Toby Hudson ([[d:User:99of9|User:99of9]]) at the Wikiconference Australia 2026. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qYi3xPtB8I Mentor Me! Session 3A] - This in-person and hands-on session is provided by the Wikimedia Tyap User Group, and continues in the following sessions: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4b6Y3w4_ME Mentor Me! Session 3B] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2QM5RdJhl0 Mentor Me! Session 3C]. Led by Gwakhap D. Anthony, it will cover how to document languages with Wikidata lexemes. * Africa Wiki Women: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mrF98BA1SM Linking images from Commons to Wikidata and Wikipedia] - how images are used across the Projects with examples documenting African Women. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fANX6mDde5A Newbies Monthly Meetup for Africa Wiki Women] - further training and introductory skills for Wikidata and how it interacts with the other Wikimedia Projects. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvatmrH1uhQ EditHer Africa Contest (April)] - a beginner-friendly hands-on Wikidata item creation guide and launch of the monthly contest, with a focus on African Women in Works and Leadership. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://openhistory.app OpenHistory] – interactive historical atlas of 21k+ Wikidata-sourced historical events, polities, and territories on a timeline+map. SPARQL-driven pipeline, MIT/CC BY-SA. ([https://github.com/kdhillon/openhistory GitHub]) ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://wikitrivia.tomjwatson.com/ WikiTrivia] - the webgame about putting historical events in the correct order recently got a huge update, thanks to creator Tom Watson. * [[mw:Wikimedia_APIs/Rate_limits|Wikimedia API's / Rate limits]] - new rate limits are being added for all Wikimedia projects, to ensure sustainable use to the REST an ACTION API's. If you operate a bot and it has recently started producing an error message for producing too many API requests, please consult the linked MediaWiki page and amend your bot as needed. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14387|‎meta-category for]] (<nowiki>topic or class of items covered by the lowest categories in this meta-category's hierarchy</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14368|KISTI article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14369|FISH Monument Types Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P14370|FISH Evidence Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P14371|Organization in cooperation with ISO ID]], [[:d:Property:P14372|ScriptSource script code]], [[:d:Property:P14373|‎ScriptSource language code]], [[:d:Property:P14374|Tube8 performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14375|Bundestag Group Minutes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14376|Westra code]], [[:d:Property:P14377|Myrotvorets ID]], [[:d:Property:P14378|‎Irish State Administration Database Unit ID]], [[:d:Property:P14379|Hessische Parlamentarismusgeschichte Abgeordneten-ID]], [[:d:Property:P14380|YouPorn performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14381|‎GFMIS Agency Code]], [[:d:Property:P14382|‎Royal Australian Air Force service number]], [[:d:Property:P14383|‎Plataforma Acácia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14384|‎Observatório Terras Quilombolas ID]], [[:d:Property:P14385|BIOSOP ID]], [[:d:Property:P14386|BIOKAND ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/(found) liable of|(found) liable of]] (<nowiki>tort or civil wrong a person or organization was found liable of</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DMCA takedown policy URL|DMCA takedown policy URL]] (<nowiki>DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) takedown policy or submitting page of this hosting site or UGC (User Generated Content) distributor</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/18 U.S.C. § 2257 policy URL|18 U.S.C. § 2257 policy URL]] (<nowiki>age requirement documentation URL statement of this website or company</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/monolingual text name properties|monolingual text name properties]] (<nowiki>(with an associated language code) name by which a subject is recorded in a database, mentioned as a contributor of a work, or is referred to in a particular context</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gidrologicheskaya Izuchennost Code|Gidrologicheskaya Izuchennost Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/QBWiki article ID|QBWiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dijital İstanbul ID|Dijital İstanbul ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NaPTAN stop area code|NaPTAN stop area code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant Cairn d'un éditeur|Identifiant Cairn d'un éditeur]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Darwin Correspondence person ID|Darwin Correspondence person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ACM Digital Library institution ID|ACM Digital Library institution ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SensCritique person ID|SensCritique person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ National Archives of Japan Digital Archive ID| National Archives of Japan Digital Archive ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VGs drapsoversikt ID|VGs drapsoversikt ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Semanticscience Integrated Ontology ID|Semanticscience Integrated Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Senkyo.com|Senkyo.com]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Objectif plumes author pages|Objectif plumes author pages]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Maoyan personage ID|Maoyan personage ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/critify.de publication ID|critify.de publication ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BookNotification author ID|BookNotification author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/MR9w Script style of manuscript Qur'ans] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Early_Modern_Silesia|Early Modern Silesia]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Tango|Tango]] * WikiProject Highlights: WikiProject Ontology has gathered a [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course/Projects_Offering_2|list of potential projects]] for the second offering of the Wikidata Ontology course, and has published a subpage to discuss the future of [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Status_of_Ontology_Classes_and_Properties|Ontology Classes and Properties]]. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/unmarked_supercentenarians|Unmarked Supercentenarians]] - this list displays humans who do not have a claim ''supercentenarian (Q1200828)'' (or ''alleged supercentenarian (Q106991708)''), but the difference between their Date of Birth and Date of Death is greater than 110 years. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q174284|Raiders of the Lost Ark]] - a 1981 film directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Harrison Ford, Karen Allen, and John Rhys-Davies. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L2205|gje (L2205)]] - Norwegian verb (jeː) meaning "to give", "to perform/hold", or "to diminish in strength" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We continued fixing issues uncovered in testing * WikiProjects: We are working on adding links to the sidebar of Items to lead people to the respective WikiProjects for that Item. This way we hope to help people more easily find data modelling documentation as well as other editors interested in the same topic. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:51, 4 May 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30424079 --> == Tech News: 2026-19 == <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:40, 4 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:53, 11 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30513945 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue IV, April 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: How the GLAM Community Can Shine in the 2026–27 Annual Plan * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: WikiConf Argentina and GLAM projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Asia report|Asia report]]: Documenting and citing oral knowledge in audio and video * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: WikiCon Australia, ICIP, Orphan works and Trans-Tasman partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikimedia Brasil publishes book on the power and challenges of free knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We celebrate Public Domain Day with an expert panel / Celebramos el día del dominio público con un Panel de expertas * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ongoing and New GLAM-Wiki Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime event at Auckland Museum & an update for WiR NZBSI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD in Action: Digitization, Wikisource and Educational Workshops * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Developments: Residencies, Partnerships and Audiovisual Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: April in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Le Donne di Villa Massimo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A tenth-century Quran and Islamic Art in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki MIT launches and US meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Update on the BHL Annual Meeting 27 April - 1 May & BHL Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Eight new articles on MoW inscriptions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:51, 11 May 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30513880 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #731 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-05-11. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#730]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/AAU_Research_NLP_Bot,_1|AAU Research NLP Bot 1]] - Task(s): Querying Wikidata for entities and relations and paths between them. From 1-hop until 3-hops. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:User:MarisDreshmanisBot|MarisDreshmanisBot]] (formerly ''ReNeuralAgent Bot'') has been approved after a community intervention, see the discussion [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot#Maris_Dreshmanis_—_ReNeuralAgent|here]]. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** '''[[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026|WikiProjects Days 2026]]''' will take place between '''19 - 21 June'''.<br>WikiProjects are crucial to improving data quality and onboarding newcomers to specific areas of Wikidata. This event is the place for all editors to discover WikiProjects, find ones to join, learn about their modelling practices and how to improve the content and tools of your favourite WikiProjects. '''[[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3670|Register here]]''' to get any news or updates about this new Wikidata X Days event. The '''Call for Proposals''' is open! If you have an idea for a session, please '''[[d:Event_talk:WikiProjects_Days_2026|submit it here]]''' by '''26 May'''. ** [[d:Event:Wikidata Live Editing 122|Wikidata Live Editing]], 11 May ** [https://ai-bridges.org/2026/02/13/symposium/ AI Bridges Symposium] is taking place at ''Senate House, University of London'' across 28 and 29 May. (Free) Registration for this on-site event closes 21 May. The event will begin with introductions to Wikidata, Wikibase, connecting AI with Wikidata and follow on day 2 bringing the full ecosystem together for dialogue, debate, and collaborative action. * Ongoing: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Coordinate_Me_2026|Coordinate Me 2026]] - edit items with a [[d:Property:P625|P625 ''(coordinate location)'']] from the focus countries and be in the running for a prize. Ends 31 May 2026. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/08/building-wikimedia-tools-in-northern-nigeria-the-arewa-techcom-hackathon/ Building Wikimedia tools in Northern Nigeria: launch of Arewa TechCom through the Arewa Wikimedia Hackathon 2026] ** [https://addshore.com/tag/wikibase-world/ Editing wikibase.world (a MediaWiki site), with Jules (an AI agent)] by Addshore. ** [https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/libraries-ai-infrastructure-african-edition-stuart-michael-edelenbos-bsage/ Libraries as AI Infrastructure: The African Edition] - reflections on overlooked African contributions to linked data and AI infrastructure, highlighting Wikibase-powered projects African Literary Metadata (ALMEDA) and Nigeria’s Semantic Name Authority Recognition (SNAR). By Stuart Michael Edelenbos ** [https://www.tabakalera.eus/en/tabakalera-has-promoted-open-access-cultural-knowledge-linking-medialab-catalogue-wikidata Tabakalera promotes open access to cultural knowledge by linking their medialab catalogue to Wikidata] ** [https://blog.stoa.org/archives/4398 The Stoa: a Review for Digital Classics - report on Linked Pasts 11 - Epigraphic Data in Wikidata, from Ontology to Practice] ** [[Diffblog:technical-tinkering-for-commonsdb-at-the-wikimedia-hackathon/|Technical tinkering for CommonsDB at the WM Hackathon]] by Ainali. ** [https://www.ezrabrand.com/p/introducing-index-historical-jewish-figures Ezra Brand - Introducing a New Index of Biblical, Talmudic, and Medieval Jewish Figures] - Wikidata helps index and categorise Jewish figures into distinct periods. ** (Deutsch) [https://arthist.net/archive/52383 ArtHist: New Art-Historical Resource on the Web] and [https://blog.tib.eu/2026/05/11/eingepraegte-geschichte-das-meistersiegel-wiki-ist-online/ TIB Blog: Embossed story – the Meistersiegel-Wiki is online] are both articles about the new ''Meistersiegel'' Wikibase instance. * Papers: [https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/dco/issue/view/7602 Volume 12,2] of [[:d:Q130266048|Digital Classics Online]] contains many papers regarding the use Wikidata and Wikibase in the field of Classics: ** [https://doi.org/10.11588/dco.2026.12.112296 ''Hypotheseis, a Database of Named Entities Surrounding Greek Rhetorical Exercises''] by [[:d:User:Epìdosis|Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo]] ** [https://doi.org/10.11588/dco.2026.12.112294 ''Altinum: a Wikidata Project for Digital Epigraphy and Prosopography''] by [[:d:User:Anna Clara Maniero Azzolini|Anna Clara Maniero Azzolini]] ** [https://doi.org/10.11588/dco.2026.12.112287 ''The NIKAW Project: An Infrastructure of Texts, Entities and Language Models to Study the Circulation of Knowledge in the Ancient World''] by [[:d:User:Ake1990|Margherita Fantoli]] * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGcTriZO6dA OpenDataDEx - Exploring Supreme Court Rulings in Wikidata], for The Knowledge Commons project. Try it out for yourself: [https://opendatadex.com/ Open Data Explorer] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hGsdryuQwTI Wikidata: Introduction and Basics] - an introductory session provided by WMUG Uganda. ** (Arabic) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i67lJQfGPFg Introduction to Wikidata] hosted by Michel Bakhni for the channel: ''Wikimedia group for those interested in Islamic civilization'' * Presentations: ** (Deutsch) [[c:File:Wikidata_in_Museen,_Archiven_und_Bibliotheken.pdf|Wikidata in Museums, Archives and Libraries]] ** [[c:File:Wikicite_2025_white_paper_summary.pdf|White Paper (PDF) - Wikidata Days and Wikicite (2025)]] - Open bibliographic metadata in practice, what was learned in Bern and what libraries and the community can do next. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://opendatadex.com/ Open Data DEx Explorer] - ''"an interactive graph visualizer of semantic Open Data. Relationships are discovered heuristically and a graph structure created in real time, allowing navigation and insight into raw data without building formal ontologies."''Read more on [https://theknowledgecommons.org/ The Knowledge Commons blog], by Michelle Tomlyn. * [https://gapmap.wiki GapMap.Wiki] - explore knowledge gaps between different language Wikipedia's. GapMap identifies Wikipedia articles that exist in many languages but missing from the target, helping editors prioritize which articles to translate or create. No AI is used, just comparing publicly available databases. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editors can now edit all datatypes directly in the mobile view. To help improve this new interface, Wikimedia Deutschland is looking for volunteers (especially editors from Right-to-left languages) for UX testing sessions. Participants will be compensated for their time. Sign up [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/apply here] (greatquestion) and learn more on the project page: [[d:Wikidata:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14392|‎energy density]] (<nowiki>amount of energy extractable from a substance (e.g. in a combustion engine) per unit of volume or of mass</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14401|‎Parental Advisory System rating]] (<nowiki>content rating for coin-operated video games</nowiki>) * Newest External identifierss: [[:d:Property:P14388|Cyprus company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14389|‎DBNL title ID]], [[:d:Property:P14390|ShotOnWhat film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14391|‎Shinmei database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14394|‎ColBase ID]], [[:d:Property:P14395|Lubimyczytać version/edition ID]], [[:d:Property:P14396|Files of the Reich Chancellery ID]], [[:d:Property:P14397|‎Darwin Correspondence person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14399|‎Gidrologicheskaya Izuchennost Code]], [[:d:Property:P14403|‎Brew TV movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14404|National Archives of Japan Digital Archive ID]], [[:d:Property:P14405|PlayStation Trophies trophy ID]], [[:d:Property:P14406|Tax Identification Number (Spain)]], [[:d:Property:P14407|‎19star actor ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/concentration camp prisoner number|concentration camp prisoner number]] (<nowiki>registration or prisoner number assigned to a person in camps operated under Nazi persecution between 1933 and 1945</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID für Kulturdenkmale in Lübeck|ID für Kulturdenkmale in Lübeck]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Datenbank-ID für Kulturdenkmale in Lübeck|Datenbank-ID für Kulturdenkmale in Lübeck]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Prime Video URL ID|Prime Video URL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Prime Video GTI|Prime Video GTI]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Portable Antiquities Scheme record ID|Portable Antiquities Scheme record ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) éditeurice dans le DEF19 2.0|Identifiant d'un(e) éditeurice dans le DEF19 2.0]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple TV parson ID|Apple TV parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINEMATODAY film ID|CINEMATODAY film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Verfassungsblog author ID|Verfassungsblog author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Blätter author ID|Blätter author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EGAFD film ID|EGAFD film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum of Canadian Music artist ID|Museum of Canadian Music artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum of Canadian Music work ID|Museum of Canadian Music work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BGAFD film ID|BGAFD film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Movielens ID|Movielens ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Instrumentalistinnen-Lexikon ID|Instrumentalistinnen-Lexikon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/parliament.scot member ID|parliament.scot member ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Space/Queries#Astronauts_members_of_space_missions|Astronauts members of Space Missions]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Horse_racing/Queries#All_horses|All Horses in Wikidata]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Horse racing|Project Horse Racing]] : On topics relating to horse racing. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_William_%26_Mary_Law_School_EMCO|Project William & May Law School EMCO]] - to create and enhance entities for persons and corporate bodies related to the law school, for use in the library's metadata and archival work. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Part_2:_How_to_use_QuickStatements_3.0_to_upload_data_to_Wikidata_for_Govdirectory|Project GovDirectory: How to use QuickStatements 3.0 to add data to GovDir]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course/Projects_Offering_2/Modelling_Dictionary_Usage_Labels_in_Wikidata|Ontology Course: Projects Offering 2]] - Modelling Dictionary Usage Labels in Wikidata, Roots and Rhythms: Modelling music as cultural heritage. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q208108|Catch Me If You Can]] - a 2002 film by Steven Spielberg starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks. A dramatic re-telling of the life and exploits of serial confidence man Frank Abegnale Jr., ironically the events of the film were later found to be mostly fabricated. ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We are continuing to improve the UX and fix issues uncovered in testing * Making WikiProjects more visible: We are working on adding links to the sidebar menu of Items to make it easier for people to find the WikiProject(s) associated with an Item, find like-minded people and learn about data modelling conventions etc in that particular area * Query Service: The service is being hit quite heavily and the Wikidata Platform team is working on blocking scrapers and misbehaving tools * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing our experiment to further reduce the amount of Wikidata changes that show up on Recent changes and Watchlist but don't actually change the article. Specifically we are looking at checking if there is any difference in the rendered article before and after the change coming from Wikidata [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory|public universities]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:21, 11 May 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30513889 --> == Tech News: 2026-20 == <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:18, 11 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026 == [[File:Wiki Loves Eurovision edit-a-thon logo 2026.svg|right|250px]] Hello everyone! You are invited to participate in the "[[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|Wiki Loves Eurovision]]" article writing contest, where our goal is to create new Eurovision-related articles in the CEE-language Wikipedia editions and improve existing ones. The contest will take place from May 10 to June 10, 2026, and prizes are available: * 1st prize: a voucher worth €60 * 2nd prize: a voucher worth €50 * 3rd prize: a voucher worth €40 * 4th–10th prize: a voucher worth €30 To participate in the contest and learn more, please visit [[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|this link]]. --[[User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub]] ([[User talk:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|talk]]) 14:00, 16 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=30513878 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #732 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-05-18. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#731]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/PatsaBot 1|PatsaBot 1]] - '''Task/s:''' Add sitelink from [[Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Taxonomy/|Template:Taxonomy/*]] on thwiki to same entry from enwiki and update Thai description from generic template format to "แม่แบบอนุกรมวิธาน" (taxonomy template). **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/MarisDreshmanisBot 2|MarisDreshmanisBot 2]] - '''Task/s:''' Create occupation Q-items and add native-language labels on existing occupation Q-items from 33 state-issued national occupation classifiers (165 national registries, 154 countries, ~30,000 new Q-items, ~120,000 native labels across 53 languages). **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/ias-kbase|ias-kbase]] - '''Task/s:''' Read-only bulk entity lookups for an internal knowledge graph project. Fetches labels, claims, and sitelinks from Wikidata and intro-paragraph extracts from English Wikipedia. No writes. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Reminder: Propose a session for [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026|WikiProject Days 2026]]. Your proposal can be just one or two sentences. Suggestions include topics on how to use WikiProjects to connect with others and improve data modelling, how to revive a neglected WikiProject, and what makes a good WikiProject. [[d:Event talk:WikiProjects Days 2026|Propose a session now]]. Deadline Sunday May 24. ** Wikimedia Indonesia is hosting the [[:c:Commons:Kompetisi Penyajian Data|2026 Data Visualization Competition]] from 10th to 31st May 2026. We welcome visualization and essay submissions from Indonesian participants on various topics ranging from Indonesian history to biological diversity. ** [[d:Event:Swedish online editathon 300|The three-hundred online Wikidata meetup in Swedish]], May 24 ** [https://www.gw.uni-hamburg.de/ueber-die-fakultaet/digital-humanities/dh-lab/veranstaltungen/26-05-27-hands-on-wiki.html Wikidata: An Open Knowledge Graph for Research and Beyond], a workshop on-site at the Digital Humanities Lab (C2003), University Hamburg, 27 May, 14:15 – 15:45 CEST. Registration (via link). ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://forum.mapillary.com/t/easy-way-to-add-imagery-to-wikipedia-and-wikidata-items-with-wikishootme-and-mapillary/10375 Easy way to add images to Wikipedia & Wikidata items, with WikiShootMe and Mapillary] * Papers: ** [https://www.jlis.it/index.php/jlis/article/view/698 ''Wikidata and authority files: reconciliation and cooperation procedures''] by [[:d:User:Epìdosis|Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo]]: an overview of the interactions between Wikidata and library authority files and of the usage of Wikibase by library authority files up to July 2025 ** [https://www.jlis.it/index.php/jlis/article/view/675 ''Institutional practices in gender recording: an analysis of National Libraries''] by Novaes de Mendonça, and Ana Carolina Simionato Arakaki: contains references to Wikidata and its interconnection with library authority files ** [https://www.aidainformazioni.it/index.php/aidainformazioni/article/view/350 ''Modellizzazione delle conoscenze: Thesaurus Nuovo soggettario e Wikidata, due strumenti a confronto''] by [[:d:User:Elena Cencetti|Elena Cencetti]], Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo and [[:d:User:Elisabetta Viti2|Elisabetta Viti]] (in Italian): a detailed comparison of Wikidata and the [[:d:Q16583225|Nuovo soggettario Thesaurus]] as knowledge organization systems, with a case study regarding the reconciliation with Wikidata of a group of terms of the Nuovo soggettario Thesaurus regarding photography * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fubhBJGz6YQ Curating shared knowledge about artifacts on Wikidata] with Till Grallert, it explores how the Jarāʾid project used Wikidata to build a multilingual, open knowledge graph of pre-1930 Arabic periodicals. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_oAlLw5CHs LIVE Wikidata editing #122] with User:Ainali and User:Abbe98 do some live editing on Wikidata (in English), and discuss the thought process of what they are doing and why they do it. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIoQFWGDb90 Every Major Oil and Gas Pipeline in History Mapped] - a visualisation utilising Wikidata, OpenStreetmap, Wikipedia and Global Energy Monitor. *Presentations **[[c:File:Reseau_LGBTQI_2026_-_John_SAMUEL.pdf|La fabrique collective des histoires queer dans les communs numériques]]. Presentation by [[User:Jsamwrites|John Samuel]] and panel, 2e Rencontres du Reseau Jeune Recherche LGBTQI+, Université Lyon 1, 12 May 2026 ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://prop-explorer.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Property Explorer] is a tool by user Steven Liu. The tool is used for exploring Wikidata properties * [https://securitybaseline.eu securitybaseline] use Wikidata to get the domain names for institutions ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://maproulette.org/browse/challenges/55009 MapRoulette Challenge (Chile)]: Improve heritage-related items around Santiago, Chile, linking them to Wikidata and OpenStreetMap. * The Wikidata Platform team has published its [[D:Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/Backend_Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata_Query_Service/WDQS_Architecture_re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[D:Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/High-Impact_Use_Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[D:Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[D:Wikidata:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[D:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14408|contains cadastral area]] (<nowiki>cadastral area that is wholly or partly contained by a municipality</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14413|algebraic closure]] (<nowiki>‎algebraic closure of the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14414|real closure]] (<nowiki>real closure of the formally real field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14415|eusocial caste]] (<nowiki>specialized type of an eusocial animal</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14416|Wikimedia Commons content descriptor]] (<nowiki>Wikimedia Commons content descriptor which applies to this media file</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14424|‎time expansion]] (<nowiki>factor by which a recording's duration has been extended or compressed relative to the original real-time event, without pitch correction.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14425|‎SELL rating]] (<nowiki>French video game content rating (1999–2003)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14427|age requirement documentation URL]] (<nowiki>URL for a website's statement of compliance with U.S. legal record-keeping requirements related to visual depictions of actual sexually explicit conduct</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14430|maximum vehicle length]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized length for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14431|maximum vehicle width]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized width for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14432|maximum vehicle weight]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized weight (tonnage / gross vehicle weight) for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment (load limit)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14433|maximum vehicle height]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized height for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment (regulatory limit from signage)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14434|‎independent of theory]] (<nowiki>theory that proves neither this proposition nor its negation</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14453|‎gender-neutral form of label]] (<nowiki>form of name or title with no assumption of gender</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14457|subject named as (monolingual text)]] (<nowiki>with an associated language code) name by which a subject is recorded in a database, mentioned as a contributor of a work, or is referred to in a particular context</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14458|alternative name (monolingual text)]] (<nowiki>with an associated language code) qualifier for alternative name(s), given for a subject in a database entry, or preserved in references (even these are no longer the preferred name</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14460|‎CWSAC classification]] (<nowiki>Level of military significance for American Civil War battles as defined by the 1993 Civil War Sites Advisory Commission (CWSAC) report.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14465|DMCA takedown policy URL]] (<nowiki>DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) takedown policy or submitting page of this hosting site or UGC (User Generated Content) distributor</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14469|election result map]] (<nowiki>map that displays the result of this election</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14471|‎paid-up capital]] (<nowiki>portion of a company’s issued share capital that has been paid by shareholders</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14407|‎19star actor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14409|ACM Digital Library institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P14410|Stockholm public transport stop ID]], [[:d:Property:P14411|Go2Senkyo.com politician ID]], [[:d:Property:P14412|SensCritique person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14417|Census of Italian Architecture since 1945]], [[:d:Property:P14418|CINEFOX film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14419|‎CINEFOX person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14420|Cultural heritage Database-ID in Lübeck]], [[:d:Property:P14422|Dijital İstanbul cultural property ID]], [[:d:Property:P14423|VG homicide ID]], [[:d:Property:P14426|Portable Antiquities Scheme record ID]], [[:d:Property:P14428|‎EGAFD film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14429|Cairn.info publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14435|‎BGAFD film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14436|‎Apple TV person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14437|Blätter author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14438|‎critify.de publication ID]], [[:d:Property:P14439|Semanticscience Integrated Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P14440|Prime Video ID]], [[:d:Property:P14442|Objectif plumes author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14443|‎Museum of Canadian Music artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14444|‎Museum of Canadian Music work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14445|Lübeck Culturul heritage ID]], [[:d:Property:P14446|Rhineland-Palatinate Cultural heritage ID]], [[:d:Property:P14447|DEF19 2.0 publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14449|MovieLens movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14450|Verfassungsblog author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14451|QueenBallers player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14452|NaPTAN stop area code]], [[:d:Property:P14459|CycleBase cyclist ID (new)]], [[:d:Property:P14461|‎Book Notification author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14462|‎Prime Video GTI]], [[:d:Property:P14463|‎parliament.scot member ID]], [[:d:Property:P14464|Instrumentalistinnen-Lexikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14468|Goodreads genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P14470|‎Giant Bomb Wiki ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to reviews: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/contributed to narrative universe|contributed to narrative universe]] (<nowiki>''(no English description proposed yet)''</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Grokipedia page title|Grokipedia page title]] (<nowiki>page title used in a Grokipedia article URL</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/especially|especially]] (<nowiki>qualifier for statements to refine a value that applies more generally, but applies especially to a more specific value; a more specific qualifier than "including" (P1012)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Common Vulnerability Scoring System score|Common Vulnerability Scoring System score]] (<nowiki>Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) score</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Depicts taxon|Depicts taxon]] (<nowiki>depicts taxon</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Still taken from the film|Still taken from the film]] (<nowiki>Still taken from the film</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/StaphBase ID|StaphBase ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Geohashing wiki page|Geohashing wiki page]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant d'un fonds au catalogue collectif de France|identifiant d'un fonds au catalogue collectif de France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Oireachtas bill ID|Oireachtas bill ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Defense Technical Information Center Accession Number|Defense Technical Information Center Accession Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/European System of Accounts ID (Germany)|European System of Accounts ID (Germany)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un éditeur sur OpenEdition|Identifiant d'un éditeur sur OpenEdition]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Natalie ID|Natalie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AV CHANNEL actress ID|AV CHANNEL actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mineral Resources Data System deposit ID|Mineral Resources Data System deposit ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikimedia Phabricator project|Wikimedia Phabricator project]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AWA artist ID|AWA artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rakuten Music artist|Rakuten Music artist]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/recochoku artist ID|recochoku artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant AnnuSéries d'une série télévisée|identifiant AnnuSéries d'une série télévisée]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/NadJ Library of Congress occupations by Label and Lccn no.] ([https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Request_a_query&oldid=2492426393#Getting_'Subject_named_as'_qualifier source]) * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Malaysia/Activity/Datathon/Wiki_x_K-pop_2026:_Datathon|Project Malaysia / Wiki x K-pop 2026 Datathon]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Occupations/Roadmap|Project Occupations / Roadmap]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/SummerCoworking|Project LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group / SummerCoworking]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/children_of_dead_mothers|Children born after Mothers death date]] ''' Development ''' * Tighter connection of the Wikibase Ecosystem: We've been working on making it possible to use Wikidata Items (and later from other Wikibase instances) as values in statements on other Wikibase instances. You can now try it out on a demo system or set up your own test instance to give it a try. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikibaseug@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4RA5JQAJ5MUUDIVHGELWWE7OSSWXV5B/ More details in the announcement]. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are continuing the work on showing less irrelevant changes on recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co by trying to determine if an edit from Wikidata actually changed the rendered article or not * Mobile statement editing: ** We worked on reducing the load for users with limited data ** We are continuing to fix issues uncovered in testing * Making Wikiprojects more visible: We are getting ready for testing of the prototype. We'll be adding links to the respective Wikirojects on Item pages in the tools menu to make it easier for people to find the corresponding Wikiprojects. This is based on statements already on the Item such as specific external IDs. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:03, 18 May 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30539411 --> == Tech News: 2026-21 == <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:18, 18 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:05, 21 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == ''The Signpost'': 22 May 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/News and notes|Offline: Osama Khalid still in prison]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In the media|Indonesian editors, you shall return!]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Disinformation report|Who is a typical paid editor? Who are their typical clients?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Recent research|WikiLambda the Ultimate]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Traffic report|This is where I'll be, so heavenly, so come and dance with me Michael!]] * Forum: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Forum|WikiAnnotate: help us build a dataset of article quality evaluations]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In focus|Demystifying the 2026-27 Annual Plan]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Opinion|Wikipedia isn't a battleground. So why does it feel like one?]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Serendipity|Wikinews: Into the Wikiverse]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Special report|Wikimedia Foundation closes Wikinews after 21 years]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Community view|Wikipedia's traffic drop: more on languages and freshness]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Gallery|Earth Day and Mother's Day]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Comix|Brother, can you spare a page?]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 05:19, 22 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30513885 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as "The Forbidden Fruit"). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a "scientific fraud". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:32, 25 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #733 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-05-25. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#732]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Skolkoll-bot 1|Skolkoll-bot 1]] - '''Task(s)''': Adding Skolverket identifiers and source URLs to Swedish school items ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: Wikicafé May Edition: ''De Wikidata à Wikipédia abstraite : promesses et illusions du savoir structuré (From Wikidata to Abstract Wikipedia: Promises and Illusions of Structured Knowledge)'', Presentation by [[User:Jsamwrites|Jsamwrites]], [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1779793200 May 26, 2026 at 13:00] [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projet:Wikifier_la_science/WikiCaf%C3%A9s video link], organized by [[User:DMontagne en résidence|DMontagne en résidence]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Papers: [[:d:User:Anna Clara Maniero Azzolini|Anna Clara Maniero Azzolini]], [[:d:User:Pietro Ortimini|Pietro Ortimini]], and [[:d:User:Epìdosis|Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo]], [https://www.saeg-papers.it/ultimo-fascicolo#h.6zzzvpg7mcw2 ''Wikibase and Wikidata for Greek and Latin Epigraphy: Modelling, Analysing, and Making Reusable Linked Open Data''] * Videos: [[:d:User:Digitalphilologist|Monica Berti]] and Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo, [https://github.com/SunoikisisDC/SunoikisisDC-2025-2026/wiki/Summer-2026-Session-5 ''Wikidata Queries for Greek and Latin Philology''] (SunoikisisDC, Summer 2026); [[:commons:File:SunoikisisDC Summer 2026 - Wikidata Queries for Greek and Latin Philology.pdf|slides on Commons]] + [https://www.youtube.com/live/HuFZNZ7E9pw video on Youtube]; for more information, cf. the WikiProjects [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Antiquity/Pauly-Wissowa|Antiquity/Pauly-Wissowa]] and [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject LAGL|LAGL]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://lexemap.toolforge.org/ LexeMap] - is a lexeme coverage mapper that audits Wikidata lexeme data across languages. It runs live SPARQL queries against Wikidata and cross-references against Wiktionary to identify gaps in lexicographical data. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Starting May 28, 2026, the <code>Special:EntityData</code> page will no longer support the PHP‑serialized format (e.g <code>.php</code> URLs). Affected requests will return HTTP errors. Please switch to a stable format like JSON (example: <code>Q42.json</code>). The change is already active on test and beta wikis. ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4SBS3PREJYEAVZU2JSV47ZJWOJJ7YM6/ full announcement]) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14475|‎SIK-ISEA document ID]], [[:d:Property:P14476|identifiant d'un fonds au catalogue collectif de France]], [[:d:Property:P14477|‎StaphBase ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PCBS Locality code|PCBS Locality code]] (<nowiki>Locality Code of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/nameplate image|nameplate image]] (<nowiki>image of a name-plate or similar identifying plate of the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/photographer|photographer]] (<nowiki>photographer</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant Bibliothèques patrimoniales de Paris|Identifiant Bibliothèques patrimoniales de Paris]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CUEAnexo|CUEAnexo]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia Católica Wikitólica ID|Enciclopedia Católica Wikitólica ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adult Film Database film series ID|Adult Film Database film series ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adult Film Database studio ID|Adult Film Database studio ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Satker ID|Satker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inaproc Instance ID|Inaproc Instance ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/British Libray catalogue ID|British Libray catalogue ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swedish-Danish Dictionary ID|Swedish-Danish Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Roller-results.com skater ID|Roller-results.com skater ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://query.wikidata.org/#%23%20people%20born%20at%20sea%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fperson%20%3FpersonLabel%20%3FplaceLabel%20%3Fdob%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%3Fperson%20wdt%3AP19%20%3Fplace.%0A%20%7B%20%3Fplace%20wdt%3AP31%2Fwdt%3AP279*%20wd%3AQ165.%20%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fplace%20wdt%3AP31%2Fwdt%3AP279*%20wd%3AQ1229765.%20%7D%0A%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fperson%20wdt%3AP569%20%3Fdob.%20%7D%0A%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0AORDER%20BY%20%3Fdob%20%3FplaceLabel People born at the sea] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataFacts/status/832620159118385154 source]) * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Database_reports/Sitelinks_to_Wiktionary List of items with links to Wiktionary main space.] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66 Boeing(Q66)] ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We continued working on reducing the page size to make it easier on mobile data plans ** We are improving how error messages are shown * Making WikiProjects more visible: We are continuing the work on getting it ready for a first rollout. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:30, 25 May 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30560068 --> == Tech News: 2026-22 == <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:49, 25 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Umuganda"Rwandan community work".jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine. The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:55, 1 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #734 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-01. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#733]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/William Avery Bot 13|William Avery Bot 13]] - '''Task/s:''' ** Per [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-Limotecariu-20260524073600-Request_to_replace_Asturian_term_"*estauxunidense"_with_"d'Estaos_Xuníos"|Project Chat]], replace "''estauxunidense''" in Asturian descriptions with "''d'Estaos Xuníos''". Example manual edits [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q60842075&diff=prev&oldid=2496674720 here] and [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q20821183&diff=prev&oldid=2496674345 here]. ** Also adds a default label, per [[d:Help:Default values for labels and aliases#When should I use default values for labels and aliases?]] and remove redundant labels in the simplest cases. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://temporaerhaus.de/termine-und-oeffnungszeiten/ Temporaer Haus: OpenDataMonday], today, 1 June, 19:30 - 22:00 CEST, Augsburger Str. 23-25, 89231 Neu-Ulm. ** [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiKult_Netzwerktreffen_2026 WikiKult Netzwerktreffen 2026: “Wikidata in Kulturerbeinstitutionen”], 11-12th June, Wikimedia Deutschland. German-speaking event for people working with Wikidata in the cultural heritage sector. Open to experienced contributors and newcomers alike. ** [https://www.wikimedia.de/veranstaltungen/wikimedia-und-linked-open-data-im-glam-bereich-verankern/ Making Wikimedia and Linked Open Data Mainstream in GLAMs – The National Library of Wales Journey], 11 June 17:00 - 18:00 CEST, online (English with German translation) – Keynote by Jason Evans. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.zikg.eu/aktuelles/veranstaltungen/2026/podiumsdiskussion-wikibases-knowledge-graphs-und-wikidata Workshop // Wikibases, Knowledge Graphs und Wikidata], Tue 14 July, 10:00 - 13:00 CEST. Participation is for project members, Zentral Institut staff, and interested guests, on-site at Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte. See link for registration details. ** [https://mwsmigration.hypotheses.org/1115 Doing Migration History with Digital Methods: Beyond a Database - Wikibase as Research Infrastructure for Migration Prosopography] Summer University at the German Historical Institute Paris, 8, rue du Parc-Royal, 75003 Paris, 23 June 16:00 CEST. ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026|WikiProjects Days 2026 - preparing the Program]] - watch this space next week for the first edition of the Event Program or [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3670|register]] to be notified of updates. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** ''[[d:User:Niryhpr/Behind_the_QIDs|Behind the QIDs]]'' by User:Niryhpr ** [https://cerlblog.wordpress.com/2026/06/01/improving-the-interconnection-between-wikidata-and-the-cerl-thesaurus/ ''Improving the interconnection between Wikidata and the CERL Thesaurus''] by [[:d:User:Epìdosis|Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo]], also presented (in Italian) in Videos. ** [https://technology.inquirer.net/147036/digitally-mapping-the-philippines-historical-markers Digitally mapping the Philippines’ historical markers] by Eugene Alvin Villar. * Papers: ** [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.32521446 A data-driven analysis of automotive model evolution and technological lineage using Wikidata and Python network visualization] by P. Trunova (2026). ** (Italiano) [https://journals.openedition.org/jtei/6987 De Catulo a Wikidata] by Nusch et al. (2026). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCoOIan3G9Y Adding lifting stones to Wikidata] - OSM for History Buffs ** (O'zbekcha) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AloZrt8HA2Q Participate in the Interlingual Relations Marathon and win!] - Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyadagi (ukwiki) has over 12,000 articles missing a sitelink...time to change that. ** (Italiano) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bb_WYaz9eYw&t=12665s Wikidata and Library Catalogs: Building and Enabling a Digital Resources Network] by Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo * Presentations: ** ''[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikicafe-JohnSAMUEL.pdf De Wikidata à Wikipédia abstraite : promesses et illusions du savoir structuré] (From Wikidata to Abstract Wikipedia: Promises and Illusions of Structured Knowledge)'', Presentation by [[User:Jsamwrites|Jsamwrites]], May 26, 2026, [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projet:Wikifier_la_science/WikiCaf%C3%A9s Wikicafé May Edition], organized by [[User:DMontagne en résidence|DMontagne en résidence]]. ([https://www.canal-u.tv/chaines/callisto/de-wikidata-a-wikipedia-abstraite-promesses-et-illusions-du-savoir-structure video]) ** [https://zenodo.org/records/20409899 DARIAH-EU WG DHwiki - A first year of activity] by D. Lindemann and G. Candela (2026). ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wdrc.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Recent Changes API]: This API lets you query Wikidata edits by either properties, or labels/aliases/descriptions/sitelinks. You can retrieve any changes, or specify added/changed/removed. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * On 31 May, item '''[[Q140000000]]''' ("Maxx", about a cinema in Delmenhorst, Germany) was created. * Feedback wanted: To support improving Wikidata integration on the Programs & Events Dashboard, the EduWiki Hub invites Wikidata organizers, trainers, and contributors to share suggestions on metrics, tracking features, and workflows you would like to see in the dashboard. In addition, try out the new Advanced Search share your thoughts on the Dashboard talk page. ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/BK5OBZPHZ7WDGTDPV6LNSLSEJRQLJMKT/ full announcement]) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: ** [[:d:Property:P14478|found liable for]] (<nowiki>tort or civil wrong a person or organization was found liable of</nowiki>) ** [[:d:Property:P14489|‎PCBS Locality code]] (<nowiki>Locality Code of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14479|AV CHANNEL actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14480|AWA artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14481|CUE/Anexo]], [[:d:Property:P14482|‎Defense Technical Information Center Accession Number]], [[:d:Property:P14483|Catholic Encyclopedia Wikitólica ID]], [[:d:Property:P14484|European System of Accounts ID (Germany)]], [[:d:Property:P14485|OpenEdition Publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14486|‎Mineral Resources Data System deposit ID]], [[:d:Property:P14487|‎Natalie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14488|‎Oireachtas bill ID]], [[:d:Property:P14490|Rakuten Music artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14491|recochoku artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14492|‎Adult Film Database film series ID]], [[:d:Property:P14493|‎Adult Film Database studio ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: ** [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/category's topic is member of the class|category's topic is member of the class]] (<nowiki>qualifier for use with {{p|14387}} and {{P|4224}} to describe certain sets of categories</nowiki>) ** [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/applicable Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons|applicable Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons]] (<nowiki>the dataset associated with this external id usually contains data applicable to this other wikidata property</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/School ID of the Department of Education, Philippines|School ID of the Department of Education, Philippines]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Beeld en Geluid series identifier|Beeld en Geluid series identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DAM artist ID|DAM artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DAM song ID|DAM song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Joysound artist ID|Joysound artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Joysound song ID|Joysound song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/K-MIB performer ID|K-MIB performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DUGA actress ID|DUGA actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Chilean Museums Registry ID|Chilean Museums Registry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sokmil actress ID|Sokmil actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmmakers Person ID|Filmmakers Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Model Mayhem ID|Model Mayhem ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OCHA Place Code|OCHA Place Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sri Lanka NGO Secretariat Registration Number|Sri Lanka NGO Secretariat Registration Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sri Lanka Company Registration Number|Sri Lanka Company Registration Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AV CHANNEL director ID|AV CHANNEL director ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DUGA director ID|DUGA director ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AllMyLinks ID|AllMyLinks ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AV CHANNEL maker ID|AV CHANNEL maker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/thegamerdex.com game ID|thegamerdex.com game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MyDirtyHobby ID|MyDirtyHobby ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fontaines de Belgique ID|Fontaines de Belgique ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikiparfum fragrance ID|Wikiparfum fragrance ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Canadian Trademark Registration Number|Canadian Trademark Registration Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DMM director ID|DMM director ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pantheon.World ID|Pantheon.World ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/Pra Map of countries receiving the Nobel peace prize] ** * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Sri_Lanka|Project Sri Lanka]] for editors who would like to focus on adding materials for [[d:Q854|Sri Lanka <small>''(Q854)''</small>]]. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Cape_Verde|Project Govdirectory added Cape Verde subpage]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_P244_maintenance/Progress_tracker|Project P244 maintenance progress]] - a manually-updated progress tracker, is there a way to automate it? * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Identified_duplicates|Identified duplicates]] - this list shows items that most likely need merging but cannot due to conflicting sitelinks. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q140000000|Q140000000: Wikidata's 140 Millionth Item]] ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: ** We fixed how we handle statements with deleted Properties ([[phab:T402619]]) ** We improved the behaviour when using the browser's back button ([[phab:T414454]]) ** We continued working on improving the way error responses are shown ([[phab:T423613]]) ** We addressed issues found in testing * Improving the visibility of WikiProjects: We added support for finding the associated WikiProject of an Item based on statements on the Item * GraphQL: ** We are working on expanding the data available through search. Specifically we are including all Item data in search result nodes ([[phab:T427389]]) and extending the query by Item and Property value to return all Item data ([[phab:T416885]]) ** We are improving the documentation. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Nigeria|Nigeria]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:45, 1 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30605449 --> == This Month in Education: May 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 5 • May 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities|Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania|Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Debating free license in Brazil|Debating free license in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India|Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects|Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges|Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem|Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria|Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities|Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year|Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 16:53, 1 June 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30604297 --> == Tech News: 2026-23 == <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:05, 1 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:kr:주령구]])&#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata. L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:20, 8 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30622359 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #735 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-08. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#734]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Mass-editing_policy|RfC: Mass editing policy]]: The community is currently voting on a proposed policy to regulate mass edits on Wikidata. More input is needed to reach a broad consensus. Please review the proposal and join the discussion/vote on the RFC page. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Sessions|'''WikiProjects Days 2026''' - see the first version of the program!]] The online event takes place during the weekend of June 19 - 21. [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3670|Register]] for updates and access links. ** [[d:Wikidata:Mezi bajty/Mezi bajty 0|Mezi bajty 0]] - meetup of the Czech Wikidata community in Prague and online, 10th June 17:00 - 19:00 CEST (in Czech, Slovak, English) ** [[m:Event:GND_(Gemeinsame_Normdatei)_SPARQL_Workshop|GND (Gemeinsame Normdatei) SPARQL Workshop|]], 17th July 17:00 - 19:30 CEST (in German) - workshop from the German National Library on use of their SPARQL-endpoint for the GND (Gemeinsamer Normdatei) national authority file for wikidata users and wikipedians. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.nfdi4objects.net/events/n4o_activity_20260818-CM26-RS_Wikidata/ Workshop: Make Research Software Findable using the Software Marketplace Wikidata] - August 18, 14:00 – 16:00 Uhr (CEST), Zoom-link on registration. ** '''[[D:Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_June_2026|Blazegraph Migration Office Hour (June session)]]''' will take place on Tuesday, 9 June 2026 (Tomorrow) at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781020800 16:00 UTC]. This office hour is focused on supporting the migration away from Blazegraph as the backend of WDQS. Whether you have questions, need clarification, or want to discuss how your use case may be affected. You can register for the session via [[D:Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_June_2026|the event page]]. In preparation, add questions, feedback, or migration-related support needs to [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours this etherpad]. * Ongoing: [[m:Event:Wiki_Loves_Pride/2026|Wiki Loves Pride 2026 (Meta)]] is ongoing and now has a dedicated Wikidata subpage: [[d:Event:Wiki_Loves_Pride_2026|Event: Wiki Loves Pride 2026]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** (日本語/Japanese) [https://note.com/shoku_pan_65/n/nc6a788a55c91 [Practice drill: SPARQL basics to make and learn - Let's master Wikidata Query Service] by Shoku_pan_65. Page offers AI translations. ** [https://rtnf.substack.com/p/behind-the-p812-academic-major-property Behind the &lt;P812: academic major&gt; Property] by rtnf. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/27/adding-visual-context-to-the-dagbanli-dictionary-how-the-university-of-ghana-hci-lab-dataset-powered-our-sentence-matching-system/ Adding Visual Context to the Dagbanli Dictionary: How the University of Ghana HCI Lab Dataset Powered our Sentence Matching System]. Diff post by Mohammed Sadat Abdulai and Mohammed Awal Alhassan. * Papers: ** [[m:Research:Newsletter/2026/May|Volume 16, Issue 5 of the Wikimedia Research Newsletter is out!]] - includes 7 papers on Wikidata topics. ** [https://academic.oup.com/database/article/doi/10.1093/database/baag030/8699725 Rosetta Statements: simplifying FAIR knowledge graph construction with a user-centred approach] - Vogt et al., (2026) ** (Русский/Russian) [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.32579178 Automated Analysis and Visualization of Geographic Data on Global Volcanoes Based on the Wikidata Semantic Graph] - by Мария Паландер (2026). ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.02905 Speaker Mining: FAIR Data on Public Broadcasts for Question Answering] by Wittenborg et al., (2026) * Videos: ** (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9n8FH3dQ6o Wikidata for Climate Change, Wikipedia for Sustainable Futures] by Daniel Canedo, a workshop on using Wikidata to record linked open data from extreme weather events. ** (Svenska) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMKm7csn7SE Merge Wikidata samma som] by Magnus Sälgö. What to do when you find duplicate Wikidata Items pointing at the same location on OpenStreetMap. ** (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoKYp0o5ar4 EntreWikis - Hacerwiki: Progress of Free Knowledge Projects in Colombia] - Colombian Art in Open Data: training and infrastructure on Wikidata ** (Français) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhe3wJ46xo4 Wikidata for research and teaching] by Pascal Martinolli. Introduces Wikidata basics, SPARQL, practical examples of data visualisation, enriching research data and exploring the opportunities and limitations of linked open personal data. ** (Français) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4NQb0-pb_k Literature review: FAIR data sharing | FAIR Data Spring 2026] - [https://zenodo.org/records/20510911 Presentation slides], given by Adélie Ranville on their experiences organizing and sharing data using Zenodo, DOI, Zotero, Wikidata, and OpenRefine. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OR8_cD-p4ek Building a shared knowledge infrastructure: a federated wikibase for video and podcasts] hosted by Tim @BorgNetzWerk. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [[m:AutosuggestSitelink|AutoSuggestSitelink]]: New features available. See the update post on [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-M2k~dewiki-20260528122200-AutosuggestSitelink:_New_features_available|Project Chat]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The WMF [[D:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|Wikidata pltaform team monthly newsletter (June edition)]] is out * [https://observablehq.com/@pac02/gender-diversity-in-french-wikipedias-occupation-a Gender diversity in French Wikipedia's occupation articles] * [https://observablehq.com/@pac02/gender-diversity-in-french-wikipedias-articles-abo Gender diversity in French Wikipedia's articles about fields of knowledge] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes:: **[[:d:Property:P14511|trailer of]] (<nowiki>works that this trailer video represents</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14516|‎EPBC conservation status]] (<nowiki>the conservation status from the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 assigned by the Australian Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14494|‎Joysound artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14495|‎Joysound song ID]], [[:d:Property:P14496|DUGA performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14497|Sri Lanka Company Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P14498|Wikimedia Phabricator project PHID]], [[:d:Property:P14499|‎Indonesian government work unit ID (satker ID)]], [[:d:Property:P14501|‎DAM artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14502|‎British Library catalogue ID]], [[:d:Property:P14503|‎OCHA Place Code]], [[:d:Property:P14504|Philippines ‎School ID]], [[:d:Property:P14505|‎Swedish-Danish Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14506|Filmmakers actor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14507|Chilean Museums Registry ID]], [[:d:Property:P14508|Sri Lanka NGO Secretariat Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P14509|Beeld & Geluid series ID]], [[:d:Property:P14510|‎INAPROC instance ID (Indonesia)]], [[:d:Property:P14512|DUGA director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14513|AV CHANNEL maker ID]], [[:d:Property:P14514|AV CHANNEL director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14515|AllMyLinks ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/applicable Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons|applicable Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons]] (<nowiki>the dataset associated with this external id usually contains data applicable to this other wikidata property</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IAU member ID (new)|IAU member ID (new)]] (<nowiki>ID of members in the [https://www.iau.org/IAU/Default.aspx International Astronomical Union (IAU)].</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/height above ground level|height above ground level]] (<nowiki>a property intended to indicate the height of any objects from the ground</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Storm intensity classification|Storm intensity classification]] (<nowiki>category assigned to a meteorological system according to an intensity or classification scale; the scale should be indicated with a qualifier (P1013 and P585)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/service status|service status]] (<nowiki>the operational status of something like ship or building</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PTS News Network topic ID|PTS News Network topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OTOTOY ID|OTOTOY ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant EU sanctions tracker|identifiant EU sanctions tracker]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenParlData ID|OpenParlData ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Catholica.cz ID|Catholica.cz ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KSW person ID|KSW person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KSW organization ID|KSW organization ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KSW place ID|KSW place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Myludo ID|Myludo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant dans La Basa|Identifiant dans La Basa]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PurplePort ID|PurplePort ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sokmil idol ID|Sokmil idol ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hancinema company ID|Hancinema company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LinkMe ID|LinkMe ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Netmath Glossary ID|Netmath Glossary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sokmil director ID|Sokmil director ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/QjCT Table of civic tech organizations with details] ([[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Civic_Tech/Query|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/QjCZ Timeline of legalisation of same-sex marriage] ([[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LGBT/Queries#Timeline_of_legalization_of_same-sex_marriages|source]]) * Schema examples: [[d:Q139959656|Nazareth Padilla Montero <small>''(Q139959656)''</small>]] has been added as a showcase example of [[d:EntitySchema:E10|human (E10)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Civic_Tech|Project Civic Tech]] - for anyone developing datasets about civic resources in cities, and discuss best practices for Wikidata collaboration in civic tech. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_AI_Cleanup|Project AI Cleanup]] - for reporting, monitoring and combatting edits and contributions from LLM and AI sources. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Who_is_who_in_marine_taxonomy%3F|Project: Whos who in marine taxonomy?]] - inititated by the World Register of Marine Species ([https://www.marinespecies.org%7C WoRMS]), this project will document and enrich entities of the persons who have described marine species. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LGBT/Abstract_Wikipedia|Project LGBT]] added an Abstract Wikipedia subpage. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Roads/Greece/National_roads|Project Roads]] added a subpage for Greece National roads with highly-visual tables. ** [[d:Event:Wiki_x_K-pop_2026:_Datathon_2.0|Wiki x K-Pop datathon 2.0]] - there is still some work to do to reach the goal on modelling the album: BABYMONSTER. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Deleted_Wikidata_entities_used_in_SDC|Deleted Wikidata entities that are connected to Commons files structured data (SDC)]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L652968|kafuni]] - Dagbanli noun that translate to "fan" in English ''' Development ''' * The team was involved in workshops last week so there are no updates. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:54, 8 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30646984 --> == Tech News: 2026-24 == <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:27, 8 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue V, May 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: May Global GLAM Call Recording and June Call Announcement * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating #1Lib1Ref Australasia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAM Connection: Fashion, History, and Biodiversity in May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: New Wikimedian in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Connecting the Arctic and Sicily through Wikimedia Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How the cultural, governmental, educational, and museum sectors contributed in unison to Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Setting up your own platform (part 1): from wish to the creation of a wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ESEAP Conference 2026 and the NZBSI WiR update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Shares GLAM Experience at International Conferences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Partnerships, Participation, and Open Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: May in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: El Prado en femenino III * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum for Communication, Panel IMD, Wikipedia Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Early Qurans on the front page of Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: New tools for multilingual audio, video and metadata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:22, 12 June 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30636889 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 15 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30662919 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #736 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-15. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#735]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Request for comments: The discussion about reforming Wikidata's notability policy is ongoing. There is now a [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Notability policy reform|new proposal waiting for your feedback]]. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[:wmau:WikiLoves_Pride_Australia_2026|WikiLoves Pride 2026]] - six fortnightly editing sessions to add, expand and translate LGBTQ+ content on the Wikimedia projects. ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026|WikiProjects Days 2026]] is taking place this coming weekend, 19-21 June. Check out the daily program...<small>(click UTC for your local timezone)</small> *** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Friday,_June_19th|Day 1]] / Friday, 19.06, 17:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781888400 UTC] - 20:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781899200 UTC] *** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Saturday,_June_20th|Day 2]] / Saturday, 20.06, 10:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781949600 UTC] - 18:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781978400 UTC] *** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Sunday,_June_21st|Day 3]] / Sunday, 21.06, 14:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1782050400 UTC] - 18:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1782064800 UTC] ** Click here -> [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3670|Register]] <- for access links to the event. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: **[https://jsamwrites.substack.com/p/preserving-pride-across-languages Preserving Pride, Across Languages] : From Wikidata to Abstract Wikipedia: A New Way to Think About Knowledge ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/13/visibility-of-communities-in-nigeria-on-wikidata-2-0-expanding-digital-representation-for-nigerian-communities/ Visibility of Communities in Nigeria on Wikidata 2.0: Expanding Digital Representation for Nigerian Communities] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/14/the-years-first-quarter-with-the-igbo-wikimedians-user-group/ The Year’s First Quarter with the Igbo Wikimedians User Group] - Expanding partnerships and contributions to Wikidata, Wikipedia and other sister projects. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/13/introducing-the-wiki-afrodemics-mentorship-project-cohort-1/ Introducing the Wiki Afrodemics Mentorship Project Cohort 1] - A pan-african and guided multilingual training on Wikipedia editing, Wikidata contribution, and resource mobilisation. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/12/amplifying-womens-stories-and-indigenous-knowledge-feminism-and-folklore-2026-in-the-igbo-community/ Amplifying Women’s Stories and Indigenous Knowledge: Feminism and Folklore 2026 in the Igbo Community] - Improving the representation of women and cultural heritage in Igbo language on Wikidata, Wikipedia and Wikiquote. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/14/a-reflection-on-what-i-learned-at-my-first-international-womens-day-celebration/ A Reflection on What I Learned at My First International Women’s Day Celebration] - Celebrating and documenting women activists and politicians on Wikipedia and Wikidata. ** [https://www.botany.one/three-tools-that-bring-digital-botany-within-reach/ Three Tools that bring digital botany within reach] (spoiler: One of them is Wikidata) - article available in DE, ES, FR, JA, PT and ZH-CN. * Papers: [https://dhq.digitalhumanities.org/vol/20/1/000838/000838.html Open Tool Registries! Resolving the Directory Paradox with Wikidata] by Grallert et al., (2026). As digital humanities tools proliferate, this paper argues that Wikidata can help connect the research landscape by documenting, citing and connecting tool registries. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCoOIan3G9Y OSM / Lifting Stones in Wikidata] - a video tutorial on mapping lifting stones on OpenStreetMap, using two examples from County Kilkenny, Ireland. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LANzP0OUoZs Mapping Every Wonder on Earth] - animated visualisation of UNESCO World Heritage Sites recorded in Wikidata. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AY_gst9R3I4 2025: Tales of Discovery] - Museums and Heritage channel mentions how Wikidata is being used as a bridge between several sites and projects for 3D modelling ships, wrecks and other artifacts from maritime history. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncPqSIvDm-Q Mentor Me! Session 6] with Jinoy Tom Jacob, who will show us how to use OpenRefine to batch edit Wikidata and the Commons. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://bisikbekasi.rf.gd/index.php?page=item&id=L2 BisikBekasi] : Community-curated knowledge base where local data items [https://teletype.in/@hyloxira/qdyLFSX-1Px are integrated] with Wikidata items. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The [[mw:Growth/Feature_summary#NH|Newcomer Dashboard]] will be deployed to Wikidata pending on-wiki configuration by Admins. The dashboard aims to provide guidance, helpful links, and mentorship opportunities for new editors. * [https://viaacode.github.io/documentation-visualisations-guido-gezelle/ Guido Gezelle on Wikidata: networking in map] - this project created 5 visualisations produced from Wikidata on the poet Guido Gezelle. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14517|print matrix state]] (<nowiki>in printmaking, a stage of development of the relief matrix after a permanent modification</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14519|body modification]] (<nowiki>deliberate altering of the human anatomy for non-medical reasons that this person or fictional character has undergone</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14518|Roller-results.com skater ID]], [[:d:Property:P14520|Wikiparfum fragrance ID]], [[:d:Property:P14521|EU sanctions tracker subject ID]], [[:d:Property:P14522|Maoyan celebrity ID]], [[:d:Property:P14523|CINEMATODAY film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14524|DMM director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14525|Model Mayhem ID]], [[:d:Property:P14526|‎DAM song ID]], [[:d:Property:P14527|OpenParlData ID]], [[:d:Property:P14528|‎IAU member ID]], [[:d:Property:P14529|PurplePort ID]], [[:d:Property:P14530|LinkMe ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vistonline|Vistonline]] (<nowiki>Agenzia italiana di visti consolari e legalizzazione documenti, con sede a Roma</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Natural science/Taxon footprint|Natural science/Taxon footprint]] (<nowiki>Taxon footprint</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sri Lanka Ministry of Education school census number|Sri Lanka Ministry of Education school census number]] (<nowiki>Unique identification number assigned to a school by the Ministry of Education of Sri Lanka, used in the annual school census and official examinations (G.C.E. O/L, A/L)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/sport title|sport title]] (<nowiki>link to sport title (like master of sports or yokodzuna), besides chess and martial arts titles</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dual notion in category theory|dual notion in category theory]] (<nowiki>dual notion in category theory</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/penalty shootout kicked by|penalty shootout kicked by]] (<nowiki>Indicates the person who took an individual penalty kick during a penalty shoot-out.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Finnish educational institution ID|Finnish educational institution ID]] (<nowiki>Five-digit identification number for Finnish educational institutes assigned by Statistics Finland.</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'une personne sur ZicTrad|Identifiant d'une personne sur ZicTrad]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Skeivopedia ID|Skeivopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artistas Visuales Chilenos ID|Artistas Visuales Chilenos ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mathlib declaration ID|Mathlib declaration ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FES digital collections person ID|FES digital collections person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BBC Bitesize topic ID|BBC Bitesize topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (2026)|Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (2026)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sceneweb artwork ID|Sceneweb artwork ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sceneweb production ID|Sceneweb production ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regjeringen.no government ID|regjeringen.no government ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regjeringen.no ministry ID|regjeringen.no ministry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regjeringen.no politician ID|regjeringen.no politician ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Maoyan film ID|Maoyan film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant livres-cinema.info d'un auteur|Identifiant livres-cinema.info d'un auteur]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Operator Code (UK)|National Operator Code (UK)]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Event:Wiki_x_K-pop_2026:_Datathon_3.0|Wiki x K-pop 2026: Datathon 3.0]] a.k.a the ICONIC BY MISTAKE EDITING party. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course/Projects_Offering_2/GLAM_Authority_Entity_Ontology_in_Wikidata|Ontology Course 2 / GLAM Authority Entity Ontology in Wikidata]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=thanks&user=&page=&excludetempacct=1&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B%5D=thanks&wpFormIdentifier=logeventslist Thanks Log] - who's thanking who and on what. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q5020214|2026 FIFA World Cup (Q5020214)]] - in the United States, Mexico and Canada in 2026 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L720932|alikaali (L720932)]] - Dagbanli noun (derived from ha <--ar) which can mean soothsayer, judge or Muslim scholar ''' Development ''' * Ontology federation: The development team is looking for people to give feedback on the new feature that allows editors on other Wikibase instances to use Wikidata's Items as statement values. ([https://wikibase-federation.com more details]) * GraphQL: ** We extended the searchItems field so that developers can now get all Item data immediately from the search results ([[phab:T416885]]) ** We are working on the ability to get only best ranked statements ([[phab:T428138]]) * MCP: The Wikidata MCP has been extended. You can now also use an MCP for other Wikibase instances. ([[d:Wikidata:MCP#Wikibase MCP|more details]]) * Wikibase Cloud: We are looking into making it possible to log into Wikibase Cloud instances with your Wikidata account to make it easier for Wikimedians to contribute on Cloud instances. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are planning the migration of the entity usage table to a new database cluster to handle increased usage of Wikidata's data across the Wikimedia projects. ** We are continuing our work to decrease the number of irrelevant changes coming from Wikidata that show up in Wikipedia's recent changes and watchlist. Specifically we are evaluating a prototype that looks at the rendered article before and after the change and determines if anything actually changed in the article before adding an entry to recent changes and watchlist. * Mobile editing of statements: ** We are improving support for RTL languages.([[phab:T360854]], [[phab:T427655]], [[phab:T427658]], [[phab:T427661]], [[phab:T428246]]) ** We started fixing multiple UI layout and spacing issues, including mandatory fields, value fields, snak types, references, and add-statement button usability ([[phab:T428766]], [[phab:T428761]], [[phab:T428759]], [[phab:T428450]]) ** We are improving the server-side rendering ([[phab:T409827]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:42, 15 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30669932 --> == Tech News: 2026-25 == <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:45, 15 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 June 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * From the editors: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/From the editors|Ways for beginners to support ''The Signpost'' community journalism]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/News and notes|Community Tech development team disbanded]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Disinformation report|PR for the people?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Recent research|Proposed tagging system for AI involvement; successful and unsuccessful AI tools for contributors]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/In the media|Who won a 14th century battle and who won the 2026 Iran war?]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Community view|Putting the Wish into the Wishlist]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/In focus|A global standard for Neutral Point of View]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/On the bright side|Flowers, blue helmets, reefs, pride, and Juneteenth]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Op-ed|Breathe, Don’t Panic, there is a different story about Wikimedia + AI futures]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Opinion|Wikimedia Foundation staff develop union and Wikimedia user community reacts]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Technology report|Community Tech team is disbanded, controversy erupts]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Traffic report|'Cause this is thriller, thriller night]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/WikiConference report|Report of Volunteer Supporters Network Annual Meeting 2026]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Comix|Take your turn]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Humour|Group of banned T-shirt makers comes out of hiding to sell new Wikipedia-themed merchandise]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 03:21, 21 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30604303 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:52, 22 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #736 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-22. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#736]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Ziv|Ziv]] - RfP scheduled to end after 24 June 2026 19:26 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Nabbot_1|Nabbot 1]] - Task: Adding Turkish descriptions for scientific articles ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/schedule/ Wikimania 2026 program] has been revealed, go bookmark your favourite sessions. ** [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdneBEtREhStI9VLsTJ9xKKt9L4NEU_BSr297jdOjNTkQJ64A/viewform?pli=1 Physical Training; Improving Health Articles in Africa] - 21 June, 10:00, University of Ibadan. ** The [[m:WikiIndaba_conference_2026|WikiIndaba Call for Proposals ends June 30th]] - don't forget to submit your Wikidata-sessions. ** Sessions of the WikiProjects Days 2026 event will shortly be available on Commons: [[c:Category:Wikidata_WikiProjects_Days_2026_presentations|Presentations]] / [[c:Category:Wikidata_WikiProjects_Days_2026_videos|Videos]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://talk.tiddlywiki.org/t/wikitiddler-tiddlywiki-as-a-live-wikidata-frontend-zero-hosting-auto-updating/15419 WikiTiddler; Tiddlywiki as a live Wikidata frontend] - if you run a TiddlyWiki instance, you can now run queries to the Wikidata Query Service and convert the results to Tiddlers. ** [https://blog.tib.eu/2026/06/19/what-do-we-mean-when-we-talk-about-ai-and-open-knowledge/ TIB: What do we mean when we talk about AI and open knowledge?] - Lozana Rossenova details their experiences at the AI+Bridges Symposium. * Papers: ** [https://www.elgaronline.com/monobook/book/9781035353750/9781035353750.xml How to use Wikibase for Mixed-Methods Research], a book published by F. Bailo, E. Booth, and J. Williams ** [https://zenodo.org/records/20693572 Wikimedia as a Platform for Evidence Synthesis: Quantifying Bias and Literature Coverage in Crowd-Sourced Knowledge Graphs] by D. Mietchen, and J. Dearborn, (2026). ** [https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/14/12/2227 From Wikidata to Smart Tourism: A Reproducible Pipeline Based on AI and Fuzzy Logic for Interpretable Multi-Category Classification of Points of Interest] - This paper develops a reproducible pipeline that converts Wikidata POIs into an interpretable tourism taxonomy, enabling multi-category classification and personalized smart tourism applications. By Kontogianni et al., (2026) * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKIVrRgLQ6w Name Suggestion Index Explained: How OpenStreetMap Standardizes Brands] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_MbZtO2Q2U0 EMCO Wikidata CoP meeting (2026-06-04)] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsBMBpc05sQ Using the Duplicity and WD Fist Tools to edit Wikidata] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkFuyX605nU Unlocking Data through Semantic Linking], presented at ENDORSE 2025 by Thora Hagen. Experiences using 19th-century German encyclopedias, demonstrating how semantic enrichment via Wikidata can reveal fascinating patterns. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9M4mIP0mZg From your pocket to the knowledge graph: SquirrelBase] is a Wikibase instance that functions as a semantic metadata and reference platform. Make 3D smartphone captures of cultural assets, artworks, and ephemeral structures FAIR. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://multilingualprogramming.github.io/MotusArtium/ MotusArtium] : Wikidata GraphQL showcase application for exploring and understanding art movements (alpha version). [https://github.com/multilingualprogramming/MotusArtium/tree/main/graphql GraphQL queries used] * As seen during WikiProjects Days 2026 - [[d:Wikidata:Tools/Enhance_user_interface#Userscripts_for_improving_data_quality|Classification.js]], visualise parent classes and identify incorrections, detect superclass tree loops. To use, click ''Activate'' and copy the two lines into your Common.js page. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Reminder: Try Ontology Federation to import Items from Wikidata to your Wikibase instance. Share your feedback in the linked survey. ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikibaseug@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LOTFJGPF7V6SQ7KVE6P6RF5MDDBZBV5Q/ full announcement]) * A session at WikiProjects Days 2026 was devoted to general-purpose tools for WikiProjects. A new page under the main Wikidata tools page was created with a list and description of these tools. Take a look at [[d:Wikidata:Tools/WikiProjects|Wikidata:Tools/WikiProjects]] and add any missing tools. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14531|meteorological intensity classification]] (<nowiki>category assigned to a meteorological system according to an intensity or classification scale; the scale should be indicated with a qualifier (P1013 and P585)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14539|perfumer]] (<nowiki>person who created a perfume</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14540|‎dual notion (category theory)]] (<nowiki>dual of the concept in category theory</nowiki>) * External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14532|catholica.cz ID]], [[:d:Property:P14533|‎Skeivopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14534|Mathlib Declaration ID]], [[:d:Property:P14535|Annuséries series ID]], [[:d:Property:P14536|FES digital collections person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14537|‎BBC Bitesize topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14538|Sri Lanka Ministry of Education school census number]], [[:d:Property:P14541|Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (2026)]], [[:d:Property:P14542|OTOTOY artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14543|livres-cinema.info author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Visual style|Visual style]] (<nowiki>the visual style used in a video game (or other creative work)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gmedia rating (video games)|Gmedia rating (video games)]] (<nowiki>Video game ratings of the Saudi Arabian rating system ({{Q|Q28717438}})</nowiki>) * External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/altinget.se person ID|altinget.se person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Il cinema ritrovato film ID|Il cinema ritrovato film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stockholm Archipelago Trail ID|Stockholm Archipelago Trail ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/some properties for category theory|some properties for category theory]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Farzonagon ID|Farzonagon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TV Guide film ID|TV Guide film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letterboxd Writer ID|Letterboxd Writer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/d Hits artist ID|d Hits artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/1SCREEN Person ID|1SCREEN Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/1SCREEN movie ID|1SCREEN movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fantia ID|Fantia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/17LIVE ID|17LIVE ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CFLapedia player ID|CFLapedia player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Model-Kartei.de ID|Model-Kartei.de ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/U-NEXT Parson ID|U-NEXT Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/U-NEXT Video ID|U-NEXT Video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/H-NEXT Parson ID|H-NEXT Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ABEMA Video ID|ABEMA Video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FOD Parson ID|FOD Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LRT topic ID|LRT topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FOD Video ID|FOD Video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Jiji Press Member of Parliament ID|Jiji Press Member of Parliament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wildenstein Plattner Institute ID|Wildenstein Plattner Institute ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/belarusenc.by ID|belarusenc.by ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Huellas Digitales de la Memoria ID|Huellas Digitales de la Memoria ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/socrealizm.com.ua person ID|socrealizm.com.ua person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pacelli edition person ID|Pacelli edition person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument number|Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Writing Systems Technical Resources script code|Writing Systems Technical Resources script code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Répertoire des films classés film ID|Répertoire des films classés film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum of Fine Arts, Houston person ID|Museum of Fine Arts, Houston person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sri Lankan Parliament member ID|Sri Lankan Parliament member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kanal Architecture entry ID|Kanal Architecture entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Web The Television Parson ID|Web The Television Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Web The Television Work ID|Web The Television Work ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q11446|ship (Q11446)]] - large buoyant watercraft ''' Development ''' * We enabled links to WikiProjects in the sidebar and added links to WikiProjects Music, Medicine, Datasets, sum of all paintings, and elections ([[phab:T422935|T422935]], [[phab:T422935|T422935]]) * We added a floating “add statement” button that makes it easier to add statements without looking through the existing statements ([[phab:T417641|T417641]], [[phab:T428450|T428450]]). * We’re working on making sure that users can tell when statements exist before they add new ones ([[phab:T424009|T424009]]). * We made some layout fixes to wbui2025 / MEX ([[phab:T428766|T428766]], [[phab:T428761|T428761]], [[phab:T428759|T428759]], [[phab:T427658|T427658]], [[phab:T428853|T428853]]). * We refactored error handling ([[phab:T423613|T423613]]). * We’re refactoring the server-side rendering so we don’t need separate .less style files ([[phab:T409827|T409827]]). * We’re working on the interaction between scrollable values and indicator icons ([[phab:T425974|T425974]]). [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:32, 22 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30669932 --> == Tech News: 2026-26 == <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:02, 23 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == June 2026 CEE Newsletter is out == Dear all, The [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/June_2026 June 2026 issue] of the CEE Newsletter has been published. After a three years of being an editor of the Newsletter, this will be my last issue. Over the years, I've been putting on multiple hats and now is time to take one off. I would like to share many thanks to everyone I had the honor of collaborating with. Many of you are not only readers, but also authors. It was always a great joy to read all the amazing stories from all around the region, you are the ones making this newsletter special. '''Read the full newsletter [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/June_2026 here].''' As always, we have prepared a [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/June_2026/ru Russian version] of the same issue. Happy reading! Take care, Jan --[[User:Janbery|janbery]] ([[User talk:Janbery|talk]]) 14:03, 26 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Janbery@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=30548854 --> == This Month in Education: June 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 6 • June 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement|Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026|Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries|Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education|Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite|Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo|Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives|Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana|Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina|"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities|Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026|Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program|From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter|EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography|Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes|Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda|Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 04:15, 28 June 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30725833 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Facial age estimation]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Facial age estimation''' is the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the age of a person based on their facial features. Computer vision techniques are used to analyse the facial features in the images of millions of people whose age is known and then deep learning is used to create an algorithm that tries to predict the age of an unknown person. The key use of the technology is to prevent access to age-restricted goods and services. Examples include restricting children from accessing internet pornography, checking that they meet a mandatory minimum age when registering for an account on social media, or preventing adults from accessing websites, online chat or games designed only for use by children. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div>--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:44, 29 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Tech News: 2026-27 == <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:45, 29 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #738 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-29. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#737]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/TopDevsBot|TopDevsBot]] - Task/s: Create new items for software-development, design, and consulting companies from source data: topdevs.ai ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/SonalBot|SonalBot]] - Task/s: Reference Gardener (archive dead reference links) + Welcome Bot (welcome new users) * New request for comments: [[c:Commons:Requests_for_comment/Policy_update_for_AI_content|WM Commons: Policy update for AI content]] - this RfC will seek opinions on the use and allowance of AI-generated and modified content. This can have downstream impacts on Wikidata. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[:meta:Wikimedia Taiwan/Wikidata Taiwan/2026年7月嘉義維基媒體街景踏查團暨工作坊|2026 Chiayi Streetview Workshop]] July 13 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at Tâi-uân tôo-su-sik, Chiayi, Taiwan. ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #90 July 13 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://blog.lobid.org/2026/06/23/nwbib-wikipedia-bot.html Lobid Blog: NWBibBot – Making a regional bibliography visible in Wikipedia with help from Wikidata] ** [https://tech-news.wikimedia.de/2026/06/24/knowledge-wants-to-be-found/ Tech News (WMDE) Knowledge wants to be found] - We interview Tim Wittenborg about the [https://en.borgnetzwerk.org/ WissKomm Wiki], from the Leibniz Information Center for Science and Technology in TIB Hannover. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/29/bridging-open-knowledge-and-digital-rights-reflections-from-drif-2026-and-the-wikimedia-community/ Bridging Open Knowledge And Digital Rights: Reflections From DRIF 2026 And The Wikimedia Community] * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.27933v1 MathModDB: A Database for Mathematical Models] - The Mathematical Models Database (MathModDB), deployed on the MaRDI Portal within Germany’s National Research Data Infrastructure, provides researchers with a curated knowledge graph that organizes scattered mathematical models, formulas, and assumptions, connects to related tools like MathAlgoDB and MaRDMO, and demonstrates practical use through cases such as plasma physics modeling. By Fiedler et al., (2026) * Videos: ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Sessions|WikiProjects Days 2026 - recordings now on Commons]], if you missed the event or want to recap what was discussed, individual session recordings are now available from the Event program. ** [[commons:File:Jason Evans, "Making Wikimedia and Linked Open Data Mainstream in GLAMs – The National Library of Wales Journey".webm|Jason Evans: Making Wikimedia and Linked Open Data Mainstream in GLAMs – The National Library of Wales Journey]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://cyllchuesnconii.rf.gd/panoply/?id=8 Altilunium Panoply] : A lightweight Wikibase alternative for creating collaborative knowledge bases, written as [https://github.com/altilunium/panoply a single PHP file] with no dependencies. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2027/Call for expressions of interest to host|Call for local partners: WikidataCon 2027]]: Planning is underway for the next hybrid WikidataCon, and Wikimedia Deutschland is seeking a local affiliate to co-organize the on-site event. Expressions of Interest are due by 13 July. A Q&A clinic will be held on 1 July at 15:00 UTC ([https://bbb.wikipedia.de/rooms/plp-qml-xrj-9ib/ join here]). * [[mw:Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are now available at Wikidata. This update enables access to Mentorship, Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14544|‎Taiwan Central News Agency news topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14545|‎Stockholm Archipelago Trail ID]], [[:d:Property:P14546|‎Sceneweb artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P14547|‎Sceneweb production ID]], [[:d:Property:P14548|Fantia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14549|Finnish educational institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P14550|‎altinget.se person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14551|Il cinema ritrovato film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14552|TV Guide film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14553|FOD person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14554|LRT topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14555|Jiji Press Member of Parliament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14556|Huellas Digitales de la Memoria ID]], [[:d:Property:P14557|Museum of Fine Arts, Houston person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/subdiscipline of|subdiscipline of]] (<nowiki>less specific academic discipline</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has garden|has garden]] (<nowiki>Object is a {{Q|1107656}} related to this {{Q|16222597}}</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ranking by|ranking by]] (<nowiki>issuer of a ranking</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/linguistic group|linguistic group]] (<nowiki>group of people who share the same language, regardless of their ancestry or ethnicity</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pure Adult actress ID|Pure Adult actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Taiwan Central News Agency News tag id|Taiwan Central News Agency News tag id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pure Adult studio ID|Pure Adult studio ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Natural science/GBIF taxon ID|Natural science/GBIF taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digitaler Portraitindex person ID|Digitaler Portraitindex person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/torial ID|torial ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa ID|Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pontifical Urbaniana University ID|Pontifical Urbaniana University ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Samtrafiken-vehicle-id|Samtrafiken-vehicle-id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sundsvall Municipality opendata ID|Sundsvall Municipality opendata ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nakamura Kikaku ID|Nakamura Kikaku ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KBS News topic ID|KBS News topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GIGA actress ID|GIGA actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Zen Pictures actress ID|Zen Pictures actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'une personne sur Autoroc|Identifiant d'une personne sur Autoroc]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/La Grange ID|La Grange ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rakuten Books author ID|Rakuten Books author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/RtYx Roles and contributions of ? in Fictional Universes and Media franchises] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Jheald-20260627104200-Fantastoria-20260627091900|source]]) * Schema examples: it's World Cup time so here's 2 soccer/football-related EntitySchemas. ** [[d:EntitySchema:E404|E404:Swedish Soccer Player]] and [[d:EntitySchema:E183|E183:Chilean Women's Football Players]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Logic|WikiProject Logic]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Roots_and_Rhythms|WikiProject Roots and Rhythms]] * WikiProject Highlights: GovDirectory has opened a [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Madagascar|Madagascar]] page. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q615|Lionel Messi]] - 6 World Cups, scoring in the last 7 consecutive matches. ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are continuing to evaluate the prototype for reducing the number of unnecessary edits from Wikidata that show up in watchlist and recent changes of Wikipedia and co. The approach is to look at the diff of the rendered article before and after the change from Wikidata is made. If there is no difference then the change is probably not relevant for that article. We are collecting a sample to further understand how it performs. ** To continue to address Wikidata's scaling issues, we are planning the migration of entity usage tables to the X1 cluster. * Mobile editing of statements: ** We implemented more feedback from testing of the new mobile front-end. Specifically we worked on making it clearer when a statements already exist that the editor is trying to add to the Item. ** Additionally, we made minor improvements to the look and feel of the mobile front-end. * REST API: ** REST search routes now take apihighlimits right into account ([[phab:T428032]]) ** We are starting to work on Lexeme support ([[phab:T429572]], [[phab:T429332]]) * GraphQL: ** We added support for requesting “best statements” for a given Property ([[phab:T428138]]) ** We are working on adding support for negation in Property value pair filters ([[phab:T429580]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Poland|Poland]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:51, 29 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30720282 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Paulo César Vinha State Park]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Capim dourado.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Paulo César Vinha State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha) is a state park in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It protects an area of dunes, lagoons and marshes along the Atlantic shore. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:35, 6 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> irx4x5y12t52xwx3pix3npiyk1fhalb 0 381388 7240770 7239593 2026-07-06T09:12:26Z Deepturquoise 2613705 7240770 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ {{Wb/su/Pangwanoh}} {| style="margin-top: .8em;" | style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;" | {{Wb/su/Kurungan | id = mf-presentation | gambar = Wikipedia_progress_icon.svg | judul = <!--[[Wikibuku:Wilujeng Sumping|Pangbagéa]]-->{{Wb/su/Color|#0645AD|Pangbagéa}} | eusi = <!--{{Pangbagéa}}--> '''Wikibuku''' atawa '''Wikibooks''' nyaéta salah sahiji proyék Wikimédia anu eusina buku-buku jeung tulisan-tulisan séjénna anu dilisensikeun sacara bébas. }}<!-- {{Kurungan | id = mf-communication | gambar = HSSamarbete.svg | judul = [[Wikibuku:Panglawungan|Panglawungan]] | eusi = Wilujeng sumping di Wikibuku basa Sunda!{{Panglawungan}} }}--> {{Wb/su/Kurungan | id = mf-projets | gambar = Text-x-generic_with_pencil-2.svg | judul = {{Wb/su/Color|#0645AD|WikiBuku Séjén Basa}} | eusi = {{Wb/su/Wikibookslang}} }} | style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top;" | {{Wb/su/Kurungan | id = mf-facultes | gambar = HSBook.svg | judul = {{Wb/su/Color|#0645AD|Pustaka Pangnyarna}} | eusi = {{Wb/su/Pustaka anyar}} <inputbox> type=create width=30 default=Wb/su/ buttonlabel=Jieun artikel anyar </inputbox> }} {{Wb/su/Kurungan | id = mf-recherche | gambar = HSUtvald.svg | judul = <!--[[Wikibuku:Pustaka_petingan|Pustaka Petingan]]-->{{Wb/su/Color|#0645AD|Pustaka Petingan}} | eusi = {{Wb/su/Petingan/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}}} }} {{Wb/su/Kurungan | id = mf-decouverte | gambar = HSIdea.svg | judul = {{Wb/su/Color|#0645AD|Koléksi Pustaka}} | eusi = {{Wb/su/Koléksi}} }} |} {{Wb/su/Kurungan | judul = {{Wb/su/Color|#0645AD|Proyék Sawargi}} | gambar = Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg | eusi = {{Wb/su/Proyek sawargi}} }} [[Category:Wb/su]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} 9vpg848v1gsm935dt1v0x65qno9s8m7 10 381400 7240746 7239918 2026-07-06T08:18:03Z Deepturquoise 2613705 7240746 wikitext text/x-wiki {| width="100%" style="background:white; box-shadow:blue 1px 1px 4px; padding:1em; border-radius: 15px;" |- | width="300px" align="center"| | width="100%" | <div id="mf-head"> <div style="text-align: center; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: .3em; font-size: 1.55em; font-weight:bold;">Wilujeng sumping di '''[[Wb/su/Wikibuku:Ngeunaan|Wikibuku]]!'''</div> <div align="center" style="font-size:0.9em; color:gray; margin:0.2em;">Pabukon jeung manual haratis nu bisa diropéa ku saha baé.<br/>Anu vérsi Sunda ieu, kiwari keur ngeureuyeuh [[Special:Statistics|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wb/su}}]] pustaka.</div> </div> | width="300px" align="center" | <div>[[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|120px|Wikibuku]]</div> |} {{Wb/su/Categorybrowsebar}}</div> <noinclude> [[Category:Wb/su/Citakan]] </noinclude> co5c09cw8d30256tjjanfm08gg60oc8 0 548110 7240639 7146565 2026-07-06T04:56:19Z Soy20 2653919 7240639 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ph locator bataan abucay.png|right|250px]] Ang '''Abucay''' ika-tatlo nga klase sang munisipalidad nga makita sa probinsya sang [[Wp/hil/Bataan|Bataan]], [[Wp/hil/Pilipinas|Pilipinas]]. May 79.72 kilometro kuadrado ini nga kalaparon kag ini kabahin sa una nga distrito kongresyonal. Base sa 2024 census, ini may populasyon nga 44,846. Ang zip code sini 2114. [[Category:Wp/hil]] [[Category:Wp/hil/Municipalidad sang Bataan]] {{INTERWIKI|Q54455}} qtp88sl5d0ly0algfpwazzbzjrnj62n 3 592155 7240293 7146478 2026-07-05T15:32:27Z Rsjaffe 1118943 Rsjaffe moved page [[User talk:Renamed user 7ac1f43d306d4b5f596ea383293c4226]] to [[User talk:Nyxaros]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 7ac1f43d306d4b5f596ea383293c4226|Renamed user 7ac1f43d306d4b5f596ea383293c4226]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Nyxaros|Nyxaros]]" 3573212 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. It's free.<br>}} At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand it! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and [[translatewiki:Special:FirstSteps|follow the instructions]]. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]].{{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|</div>|}}</div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 11:40, 25 March 2013 (UTC) p98xo3bt3tktehx5fs61hc982iflzyc 0 634425 7240634 6051212 2026-07-06T04:20:49Z 26agcp 2575807 removed [[Category:Wp/yua/Ba'alche'o'ob]]; added [[Category:Wp/yua/Ik'elo'ob]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240634 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:El makech.jpg|thumbnail]] '''Makech''' wa maaquech junp’éel k’aaba’ ich maaya t’aan jeets’el tu petenil Yucatán, Mexico, ti’ juntúul yik’il polígafo u noj ch’i’ibal le tenebroideoso’, u ch’i’ibal Zopheridae (Zopherus Chilensis Gray). Bey k’ajóolta’an mantats’ yéetel le k’aaba’ yucateco yik’il tumen u jejeláasil le ku chíikbesa’al ti’ le articuloa’ chéen tu baanda u lu’umil le yóok’olk’ab kuxa’ano’obo’. Le ts’áaj ojéel ku ye’esbil borase’ junp’éel p’is óol meyajta’an yo’olal Investigacion de campo beeta’an tumen Miss yéetel Reyes Novelo tu mek’tan kaajil Sotuta, Yucatán. == U tsol ts’íibil le organismoa’ == Le género, yáax tsola’an tu ja’abil 1832 tumen Gray, ku táakbesik 19 especieso’ob. Lete’ jach nojoch especie ichil le generoo’. Ma’ táan u ye’esik wa yaan diformismo sexual ti’; jach p’aatal sáasil, ts’o’ok u yila’ale’ le ejemplares maas chichantako’, u xiibil ba’alche’ yéetel le maas nuukilo’obo’ u ch’uupil ba’alche’ob. Tu ts’ookil u kuxtale’ ku k’uchul 7 cm u chowakil; u boonile’ cenizo, yéetel bey u wáawayil cafee’, bey i’ixkil tuláakal u yóok’ol u paache ts’áab ti’o’. U poole’ yaan ka’apéel u mejen máats’ab naats’ ti’ u chi’. Yaan ka’ap’éel u yooko’ob táanil yéetel kanp’éel pachili’. == Tu’ux ku ch’íijil yéetel tak buka’aj lu’umkab u ch’a’amaj == Jach je’el u béeytal u kaxta’alo’ob tu báak’pachil u kuchkabilil Huhí tu noj kaajil Yucatán. U binbal k’iine’, jach k’a’ana’an utia’al u jejeláasil u yik’ilil yóok’olkab kuxa’ano’ob ti’ le lu’umo’oba’, k’íinal –ch’uul lu’um ku yantal junp’éel temperatura tak 27.5 C u binbal ja’abo’ob, 1000mm kéen jach tóosok kaada ja’ab yéetel ku k’uchul u búulul tak 21 m tu ka’alil k’a’anáab. U meyajo’ob áak’abe’, le organismoso’oba’ ti’ yano’ob te tu’ux k’ajóolta’an yaan junkúul che’ kimen tu noj ts’u’ k’áaxi’. Ya’ab u jejeláasil le yik’ilo’oba’ u t’ojmajubaob ti’ tuláakal yóok’olkab; óol tuláakalo’obe’ mix táan u kaniko’ob líik’il yéetel ya’abo’obe’ kóomtak u xiik’o’ob yéetel k’aastak, le beetike’ u páajtalil utia’al u t’it’ikubaobe’ xula’an yéetel mix táan u páajtal ti’ob u máasik u xuul le lu’umo’obo’; le je’ela’ ts’o’ok u beetik u ch’íijil ya’ab endemismos yéetel ich kúuchilo’ob p’is meeta’an chéen utia’al u t’it’ikubaob kaxta’an utia’al u ch’íijilo’ob. Lela’ chéen je’en bix u tsikbalta’al makech tu petenil Yucatán. [[Category:Wp/yua]] [[Category:Wp/yua/Ik'elo'ob]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5990291}} 1rdzpawfhwma12mktx9w56qjn0u7u55 0 1321708 7240637 7206683 2026-07-06T04:55:40Z Soy20 2653919 7240637 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ph locator palawan aborlan.png|right|250px]] Ang '''Aborlan''' una nga klase sang munisipalidad nga makita sa probinsya sang [[Wp/hil/Palawan|Palawan]], [[Wp/hil/Pilipinas|Pilipinas]]. May 807.33 kilometro kuadrado ini nga kalaparon kag ini kabahin sang ika-tatlo nga distrito kongresyonal. Base sa 2010 census, ini may populasyon nga 32,209. Ang pinakabag-o nga populasyon 39,972 sang tuig 2024. Ang zip code sini 5302. ==Mga barangay== Ang Aborlan ginbahin sa politika sa 19 ka barangay. Ang kada barangay may mga purok. *Apo-Aporawan *Apoc-apoc *Apurawan *Barake *Cabigaan *Culandanum *Gogognan *Iraan *Isaub *Jose Rizal *Mabini *Magbabadil *Plaridel *Poblacion *Ramon Magsaysay *Sagpangan *San Juan *Tagpait *Tigman [[Category:Wp/hil/Municipalidad sang Palawan]] [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q111338}} pbvhg6xga2waah85tyeo6n49mfnxrwv 0 1367017 7240766 5655725 2026-07-06T09:06:09Z Soy20 2653919 7240766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ph_locator_region_3.png|right|270px]] '''Central Luzon''' ang rehiyon sa [[wp/hil/Luzon|Luzon]], [[wp/hil/Pilipinas|Pilipinas]]. 21,543.00 kilometro kuadrado ang kalaparon sini. <br>Base sa 2010 census, ini may populasyon nga 10,137,737. <br> [[Category: Wp/hil/Mga rehiyon sang Pilipinas]] [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q13617}} 0kr99mlqskzh6fzlnqnx6e8qixodg1v 0 1367023 7240661 5655630 2026-07-06T05:36:28Z Soy20 2653919 7240661 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ph_locator_region_5.png|right|270px]] '''Bicol Region''' ang rehiyon sa [[wp/hil/Luzon|Luzon]], [[wp/hil/Pilipinas|Pilipinas]]. 18,054.30 kilometro kuadrado ang kalaparon sini. <br> Base sa 2010 census, ini may populasyon nga 5,420,411. <br> [[Category: Wp/hil/Mga rehiyon sang Pilipinas]] [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q13662}} blrm1ucw6lhwi7f2cr3sv3uq9yzfvfz 0 1367026 7240767 5655726 2026-07-06T09:06:28Z Soy20 2653919 7240767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ph_locator_region_7.png|right|270px]] '''Central Visayas''' ang rehiyon sa [[wp/hil/Visayas|Visayas]], [[wp/hil/Pilipinas|Pilipinas]]. 15,875.00 kilometro kuadrado ang kalaparon sini. <br> Base sa 2010 census, ini may populasyon nga 6,800,180. <br> [[Category: Wp/hil/Mga rehiyon sang Pilipinas]] [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q13669}} o4ha5paee0k53rt3gcu19wli7h2wto5 3 1554517 7240325 4102080 2026-07-05T16:05:44Z J ansari 2521989 J ansari moved page [[User talk:塚ちゃん]] to [[User talk:山梨の仙人]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/塚ちゃん|塚ちゃん]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/山梨の仙人|山梨の仙人]]" 4102080 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. 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தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியாவின் பல பண்பாடுகள் வலுவான இந்தியத் தாக்கங்களை வெளிப்படுத்துகின்றன. பௌத்த மதத்தின் பரவல் வாயிலாக, சில இந்தியத் தாக்கங்கள் கிழக்கு ஆசியப் பண்பாடுகளிலும் ஊடுருவியுள்ளன. == பிராந்தியங்கள் == இந்தியா நிர்வாக ரீதியாக 28 மாநிலங்கள் மற்றும் 8 யூனியன் பிரதேசங்களாகப் பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.மாநிலங்கள் பெரும்பாலும் மொழி அடிப்படையில் வரையறுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. அவை அளவில் வேறுபடுகின்றன.பெரிய மாநிலங்கள் ஐரோப்பாவின் சில நாடுகளை விடப் பெரியதாகவும், அதிக பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்டதாகவும் உள்ளன.யூனியன் பிரதேசங்கள் பொதுவாக மாநிலங்களை விட மிகவும் சிறியவை—சில சமயங்களில் அவை ஒரே ஒரு நகரமாக மட்டுமே இருக்கும்—மேலும் அவற்றுக்கு மிகக் குறைந்த சுயாட்சியே உண்டு.இந்தியாவின் பிரதான நிலப்பரப்பிற்கு அப்பால் இரண்டு தீவுச் சங்கிலிகள் உள்ளன – வங்காள விரிகுடாவில் உள்ள அந்தமான் மற்றும் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள் மற்றும் அரபிக்கடலில் உள்ள லட்சத்தீவு. ==புரிதல்== இந்தியா, நல்ல விதத்திலும் கெட்ட விதத்திலும், மனதைக் கவரும் ஒரு நாடு. பகட்டான ஆடம்பரம் முதல் கொடிய துயரம் வரை, நெரிசல் மிகுந்த நகரங்கள் முதல் அமைதியான கிராமப்புறங்கள் வரை, அடர்ந்த காடுகள் மற்றும் பவளப்பாறைகள் முதல் பாழடைந்த பாலைவனங்கள் மற்றும் உயர்ந்த மலைகள் வரை, இந்தியாவில் உண்மையிலேயே அனைத்தும் உள்ளன. இது மக்கள், பண்பாடு, மொழி மற்றும் உணவுக்கும் பொருந்தும்; இவை சிறிய மற்றும் பெரிய வழிகளில் பெருமளவில் வேறுபடலாம். ஒரு மிக எளிய உதாரணம் சொல்ல வேண்டுமென்றால், மும்பையில் ஒரு வாடகை சிற்றுந்து ஓட்டுநர் ஒரு வார்த்தை கூட பேசாமல் தனது மீட்டர் கொடியை இறக்கி, சரியான சில்லறையைத் திருப்பிக் கொடுப்பார். ஆனால் தில்லியில், ஓட்டுநரிடம் மீட்டரைப் பயன்படுத்தச் சொல்லி, சில்லறை கிடைக்குமா என்று எதிர்பார்க்க வேண்டும். மற்ற சில பகுதிகளில், ஓட்டுநர்களிடம் மீட்டர்களே இருப்பதில்லை; அவர்கள் குறுகிய தூரங்களுக்குக் கூட கட்டணங்களை நிர்ணயித்து விடுகிறார்கள். அவர்கள் கேட்கும் தொகையை மட்டும் செலுத்தினால் போதும். ஒரு நேர்மையான ஓட்டுநர் கிடைத்தால், பயணி தன்னை பாக்கியவான் என்று கருதிக்கொள்ளலாம். இந்தியா பெரும்பாலான அம்சங்களில் தீவிரமான வேறுபாடுகளைக் காட்டுகிறது, மேலும் சிறந்ததைக் கண்டறிய ஒருவருக்கு பொறுமையும் வாய்ப்பும் தேவை. இந்தியாவின் எந்தவொரு அம்சத்தைப் பற்றியும் நமக்கு எல்லாம் தெரியும் என்று ஒருபோதும் கருத வேண்டாம்; ஒவ்வொரு நாளும் முற்றிலும் புதிய அம்சங்களை காணத் தயாராக இருக்க வேண்டும். இந்திய நாகரிகம் வரலாறு முழுவதும் பெரும் செல்வாக்கு செலுத்தி வந்துள்ளது; தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியாவின் பல பண்பாடுகள் வலுவான இந்தியத் தாக்கங்களை வெளிப்படுத்துகின்றன. பௌத்த மதத்தின் பரவல் வாயிலாக, சில இந்தியத் தாக்கங்கள் கிழக்கு ஆசியக் கலாச்சாரங்களிலும் ஊடுருவியுள்ளன. ==வரலாறு== மனிதர்கள் முதன்முதலில் இந்தியத் துணைக்கண்டத்திற்கு சுமார் கி.மு. 70,000-ஆம் ஆண்டில் குடியேறியதாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது; மேலும், இந்தியாவின் கற்காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த சில தொல்லியல் தளங்களும் இங்கு அமைந்துள்ளன. இவற்றுள் ஒரு முக்கியமான தளம் பாக்கித்தானில் உள்ள மெகர்கர் ஆகும். இங்குதான், இத்துணைக்கண்டத்திலேயே மிகவும் பழமையானதாக அறியப்படும் வேளாண்மைக்கான சான்றுகள் — சுமார் கி.மு. 7000-ஆம் ஆண்டைச் சேர்ந்தவை என கண்டறியப்பட்டுள்ளன. சிந்து சமவெளி நாகரிகம் (கி.மு. 3300–1300) உலகின் முதல் வெண்கலக் கால நாகரிகங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். மேலும், அந்நாகரிகம் தன் காலத்திற்கு மிகவும் மேம்பட்டதாகத் திகழ்ந்தது. அதன் உச்சக்கட்டத்தில் (கி.மு. 2600–1900), இது தற்போதைய பாகித்தானின் பெரும்பகுதியையும், வட இந்தியாவின் சில பகுதிகளையும், கிழக்கு ஆப்கானித்தானின் சில பகுதிகளையும் உள்ளடக்கியிருந்தது. பாக்கித்தானில் அமைந்துள்ள மொகஞ்சதாரோ மற்றும் அரப்பா ஆகியவையே இந்நாகரிகத்தின் மிகப்பெரிய இரண்டு தொல்லியல் தளங்களாகும். கி.மு. 2000- ஆண்டுக்குப் பிறகு ஒரு காலகட்டத்தில், வடமேற்கில் எங்கோ ஓர் இடத்திலிருந்து வந்த கால்நடை மேய்ப்பர்களான ஆரியர்கள் இப்பகுதிக்குக் குடிபெயர்ந்தனர். ஏறக்குறைய அதே நேரத்தில், தொடர்புடைய குழுக்கள் கிரீசு (மினோயர்களை இடம்பெயரச் செய்த எலனிக்கு கிரேக்கர்கள்), அனடோலியா அல்லது துருக்கி (இட்டைட்டுகள்), பாரசீகம் மற்றும் பிற பகுதிகள் மீது படையெடுத்தன. இந்தப் பழங்குடியினர் அனைவரும் தொடர்புடைய மொழிகளைப் பேசியதாகவும், வட இந்தியா, ஐரோப்பா மற்றும் மத்திய ஆசியாவில் பேசப்படும் பெரும்பாலான மொழிகள் உட்பட பல நவீன மொழிகள் அவர்களிடமிருந்து தோன்றியவை என்றும் நம்பப்படுகிறது. மொழியியலாளர்கள் இவை அனைத்தையும் இந்தோ-ஐரோப்பிய மொழிக்குடும்பத்தில் வகைப்படுத்துகின்றனர். வேத காலம் ஏறத்தாழ கி.மு. 1500 முதல் 500 வரையிலான காலகட்டத்தைச் சேர்ந்ததாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. இந்து சமயத்தின் மிகப் பழமையான மற்றும் புனிதமான நூல்களான வேதங்கள் தொகுக்கப்பட்ட காலம் இதுவே ஆகும். இவை, இந்தோ-ஆரிய மொழியான வேத சமசுகிருதத்தில் இயற்றப்பட்டிருந்தன. இக்காலத்தைப் பற்றிய விவரங்களும் தொல்லியல் சான்றுகளும் மிகக் குறைவாகவே கிடைத்திருப்பினும், இந்து சமயத்தின் பல சடங்குகள் இக்காலத்தில்தான் வடிவம் பெற்றன. [[File:Varanasikedarghat.JPG|thumb|240px|வாரணாசியில் கங்கை நதியில் நீராடும் இந்துப் பயணிகள்]] வேத நாகரிகமானது, தார்மீக சமயங்களின் வாயிலாக இன்றும் இந்தியாவைத் தொடர்ந்து பாதித்து வருகிறது. தற்கால இந்து சமயம் தனது வேர்களை வேதங்களில் கொண்டிருந்தாலும், உபநிடதங்கள் மற்றும் புராணங்கள் முதல் இராமாயணம், மகாபாரதம் ஆகிய பெருங்காப்பியங்கள் வரையிலான, வேதங்களுக்குப் பிந்தைய இலக்கியங்களாலும் பெரிதும் தாக்கம் பெற்றுள்ளது. மரபுசார்ந்து பார்க்கையில், இவ் இலக்கியங்கள் அனைத்தும் வேதங்களில் ஏற்கனவே பொதிந்துள்ள அறிவையே விரிவுபடுத்திச் செறிவூட்டுவனவாகவே கருதப்படுகின்றன. மகாபாரதத்தின் ஒரு பகுதியான 'பகவத் கீதை', மிகவும் பரவலாக வாசிக்கப்படும் நூல்களில் ஒன்றாகும். இந்து மதத்தின் நான்கு வேதங்களின் சுருக்கமான சாரமாகவே கீதை கருதப்படுகிறது. கிருட்டிணரின் உடலுக்குள் புகுந்த 'காலன்' 18 அத்தியாயங்களில் அமைந்த 700 செய்யுள்கள் வாயிலாக கீதையின் ஞானத்தை எடுத்துரைத்ததாகக் கூறப்படுகிறது. குருசேத்திரத்தில் நடைபெறவிருந்த ஒரு மாபெரும் போருக்குச் சற்று முன்னதாக, அந்தப் போரின் நாயகனான அர்ச்சுனனுக்கும் — அவனுக்குத் தேரோட்டியாகப் பணியாற்றிய — கடவுள் கிருட்டிணருக்கும் இடையே நிகழ்ந்த உரையாடலாகவே இந்நூல் அமைந்துள்ளது. இன்றைய காலகட்டத்தில், குருசேத்திரம் ஒரு புனித யாத்திரை மற்றும் சுற்றுலாத் தலமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. பொ.மு. முதல் ஆயிரமாண்டில், பல்வேறு தத்துவச் சிந்தனைப் பள்ளிகள் தோன்றி, இந்து சமயத்தை வெகுவாகச் செழுமைப்படுத்தின. அவற்றில் பெரும்பாலானவை வேதங்களிலிருந்தே தோன்றியதாகக் கூறின. இருப்பினும், இப்பள்ளிகளுள் சில—அவற்றில் பௌத்தமும் சமணமும் அடங்கும்—வேதங்களின் அதிகாரத்தையே கேள்விக்குள்ளாக்கின; தற்போது அவை தனித்தனிச் சமயங்களாக அங்கீகரிக்கப்படுகின்றன. கி.மு. 500 மற்றும் கி.பி. 590-ஆம் ஆண்டுகளுக்கு இடைப்பட்ட காலத்தில் பல மாபெரும் பேரரசுகள் தோன்றின. அவற்றுள் குறிப்பிடத்தக்கவை மௌரியர்களும் குப்தர்களும் ஆவர். இவ்விரு பேரரசுகளின் தலைநகரமும், தற்போது பாட்னா என்று அழைக்கப்படும் பாடலிபுத்திரம் நகரமாகவே விளங்கியது. குப்தப் பேரரசு (கி.பி. 3-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு முதல் கி.பி. 590 வரை) பெரும்பாலும் இந்தியாவின் 'பொற்காலம்' என்று போற்றப்படுகிறது. இதற்கு மேலும் மேற்கே, காந்தார நாகரிகம் (முதலில் ஒரு சுதந்திர அரசாகவும், பின்னர் மௌரியப் பேரரசின் ஒரு பகுதியாகவும் விளங்கியது) — தற்போது பாக்கித்தான் மற்றும் ஆப்கானித்தான் என அழைக்கப்படும் நிலப்பரப்பின் பெரும்பகுதியை ஆட்சி செய்தது. இவர்களின் நகரமான தட்சசீலம், பௌத்தம் மற்றும் பிற துறைகள் சார்ந்த கல்விக்கு ஒரு சிறந்த மையமாகத் திகழ்ந்தது. காலப்போக்கில், பௌத்தமும் சமணமும் படிப்படியாகச் சரிவைச் சந்தித்தன. குறிப்பாக, பௌத்த சமய நடைமுறைகள் இந்தியாவின் மையப்பகுதியிலிருந்து மறைந்தே போயின. இருப்பினும், புத்தர் இந்து சமயத் தெய்வங்களின் வரிசையில் ஒருவராக இணைத்துக்கொள்ளப்பட்டார். சமண சமயமானது, தங்களை இந்துக்களாகக் கருதிக்கொள்வதா அல்லது வேண்டாமா என்பது குறித்துத் தெளிவற்ற நிலையில் உள்ள, கணிசமான எண்ணிக்கையிலான ஒரு சிறுபான்மைச் சமூகத்தினரால் இன்றும் தொடர்ந்து பின்பற்றப்பட்டு வருகிறது. இந்து சமயமும் கூடப் பெரும் மாற்றங்களுக்கு உள்ளானது. இந்திரன், அக்னி போன்ற வேதகாலத் தெய்வங்களின் முக்கியத்துவம் குறைந்த அதே வேளையில், விசுணு, சிவன் மற்றும் அவர்களின் பல்வேறு அவதாரங்கள், குடும்ப உறுப்பினர்கள் போன்ற புராணகாலத் தெய்வங்கள் முதன்மை பெற்றன. [[File:Jama Masjid, Delhi, morning view.jpg|thumb|சாமா பள்ளிவாசல் தில்லி]] 8 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் இசுலாமியப் படையெடுப்புகள் தொடங்கின. படிப்படியாக, படையெடுப்பாளர்கள் ஆட்சியாளர்களாக நிலைபெறத் தொடங்கினர், விரைவில் வட இந்தியாவின் பெரும்பகுதி முசுலிம்களால் ஆளப்பட்டது. மிக முக்கியமான முசுலிம் ஆட்சியாளர்கள் முகலாயப் பேரரசு ஆவர். இப்பேரரசு அதன் உச்சக்கட்டத்தில் (தெற்கு மற்றும் வடகிழக்கு முனைகளைத் தவிர) கிட்டத்தட்ட முழு துணைக்கண்டத்தையும் உள்ளடக்கியிருந்தது. அதே நேரத்தில், வடக்கில் தப்பிப்பிழைத்த முக்கிய இந்துப் படை இராசபுத்திரர்கள் ஆவர். தங்கள் நிலத்தின் மீதான படையெடுப்பை எதிர்த்து நின்ற இராசபுத்திரர்களின் வீரம் புகழ்பெற்றது; அது இராசத்தானின் கோட்டைகள் முழுவதும் உள்ள நாட்டுப்புறப் பாடல்களில் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது. இராசபுத்திரர்களில் முக்கியமானவர் சித்தோர்கரின் ஆட்சியாளரான மகா ராணா பிரதாப் ஆவார். இவர் முகலாயர்களின் மூன்றாமவரான அக்பருடன் போரிட்டு, பல ஆண்டுகள் நாடுகடத்தப்பட்ட நிலையில் கழித்தார். இருப்பினும், இறுதியில் இராசபுத்திரர்கள் அடக்கப்பட்டனர். சில முகலாயப் படைகளில் அதிக எண்ணிக்கையிலான இராசபுத்திர அதிகாரிகள் இருந்தனர், ஆனாலும் சகாங்கீர், சாச்சகான் மற்றும் அவுரங்கசீப் ஆகியோரின் ஆட்சிக்காலத்தில் சில இராசபுத்திரக் கிளர்ச்சிகள் நிகழ்ந்தன. வட இந்தியாவின் இந்தக் காலகட்டமே இராசத்தானின் நினைவுச்சின்னங்களையும் தாச்மகாலையும் உருவாக்கியது. இந்தி மற்றும் உருது மொழிகளும் இடைக்கால வட இந்தியாவில் வேரூன்றின. இசுலாமிய காலத்தில், இந்துக்கள் இசுலாமிற்கு மதம் மாறினர்; பெரும்பாலும் கட்டாயமாகவோ அல்லது சிசியா வரியைத் தவிர்ப்பதற்காகவோ மதம் மாறினர் என முசுலிம் வரலாற்றாசிரியர்கள் கூறுகின்றனர். இன்று, இந்தியாவின் மக்கள் தொகையில் சுமார் 15% பேர் இசுலாத்தைப் பின்பற்றுகிறார்கள். மற்றொரு முக்கிய மதமான சீக்கிய மதம், முகலாயர் காலத்தில் பஞ்சாப் பகுதியில் தோற்றுவிக்கப்பட்டது. சீக்கிய மதத்திற்கும் முகலாயர்களுக்கும் இடையிலான உறவுகள் காலப்போக்கில் மாறுபட்டன. அமிர்தசரசில் அமைந்துள்ள பொற்கோயில் கட்டப்பட்டதுடன், சீக்கிய மதத்தின் முதன்மையான புனித யாத்திரை மையமாக உலகம் முழுவதும் அங்கீகாரமும் பெற்றது. இருப்பினும், பத்தாவது குருவான குரு கோவிந்த் சிங்கின் காலக்கட்டத்தில், முகலாயர்களிலேயே மிகவும் சகிப்புத்தன்மையற்றவரும், கொடுமையானவரும், மதவெறி பிடித்தவருமான ஔரங்கசீப்பின் பகைமையே முதன்மைக் காரணமாக, இரு தரப்பினருக்கும் இடையிலான உறவுகள் பகையுணர்வு கொண்டவையாக மாறின. சீக்கியர்களுக்கும் முகலாயர்களுக்கும் இடையிலான மோதலே, முகலாயப் பேரரசின் வீழ்ச்சிக்கு வழிவகுத்த காரணங்களில் ஒன்றாக அமைந்தது. மற்றொரு காரணம், மகாராட்டிரப் பகுதியில் மராட்டியப் பேரரசின் எழுச்சியாகும்; இது சிவாச்சியால் தொடங்கப்பட்டு, பின்னர் பேசுவாக்களால் முன்னெடுத்துச் செல்லப்பட்டது. மராட்டியர்கள், முகலாயப் பேரரசின் பரப்பளவிற்கு ஏறக்குறைய இணையான ஒரு குறுகிய காலக் கூட்டமைப்பை நிறுவினர். மூன்றாம் பானிபட் போருக்குப் பிறகு, மராட்டியர்கள் இந்தியாவின் மீதான தங்கள் ஆதிக்கத்தை இழந்தனர்; இதுவே பிற்காலத்தில் பிரிட்டிசு காலனித்துவ ஆட்சி அமைவதற்கு வழிவகுத்தது. மராட்டியர் காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பன்னிரண்டு இராணுவக் கோட்டைகள்—குறிப்பாக மகாராட்ராவின் மேற்குப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளவை—யுனெசுகோவால் 'இந்தியாவின் மராட்டிய இராணுவ நிலப்பரப்புகள்' எனும் உலகப் பாரம்பரியச் சின்னமாக அறிவிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. [[File:ShoreTemple Approach2.JPG|thumb|கடற்கரைக் கோயில், மாமல்லபுரம்]] தென்னிந்தியா ஒரு மாறுபட்ட பாதையைப் பின்பற்றியது; ஏனெனில், இசுலாமிய ஆட்சியின் தாக்கம் இப்பகுதியில் குறைவாகவே இருந்தது. கி.பி. 500 முதல் 1600 வரையிலான காலகட்டம் 'செவ்வியல் காலம்' என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது; இக்காலகட்டத்தில் தென்னிந்தியாவின் மாபெரும் பேரரசுகளே ஆதிக்கம் செலுத்தி வந்தன. இவற்றுள் மிக முக்கியமான பேரரசுகளாக, இன்றைய கர்நாடகப் பகுதியிலிருந்து ஆட்சி செய்த சாளுக்கியர்கள், இராட்டிரகூடர்கள் மற்றும் விசயநகரப் பேரரசினர் ஆகியோரும்; இன்றைய தமிழ்நாடு மற்றும் கேரளப் பகுதிகளிலிருந்து ஆட்சி செய்த பல்லவர்கள், சேரர்கள், பாண்டியர்கள் மற்றும் சோழர்கள் ஆகியோரும் திகழ்ந்தனர். இவற்றுள், தஞ்சாவூர் மற்றும் கங்கைகொண்ட சோழபுரம் உள்ளிட்ட பல்வேறு தலைநகரங்களிலிருந்து ஆட்சி செய்த சோழர்களே, தென்னிந்தியப் பேரரசுகளிலேயே மிகவும் வலிமை வாய்ந்தவர்களாகப் பரவலாக அங்கீகரிக்கப்படுகின்றனர். இவர்களது ஆட்சியின் உச்சக்கட்டத்தில், இவர்களது பேரரசின் எல்லை வடக்கே பாடலிபுத்திரம் வரையிலும் விரிந்திருந்ததுடன், இவர்களது செல்வாக்கு கிழக்கே சுமத்ரா, மேற்கு போர்னியோ மற்றும் தெற்கு வியட்நாம் வரையிலும் பரவியிருந்தது. இந்தியாவில் இன்றும் நிலைத்திருக்கும் மிகச் சிறப்பான இந்து மற்றும் சமணச் சின்னங்கள் சில, இக்காலகட்டத்தில்தான் தென்னிந்தியா மற்றும் கிழக்கு இந்தியாவில் கட்டப்பட்டன. காலனித்துவக் காலம் வரை, வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா நாட்டின் பிற பகுதிகளிலிருந்து ஓரளவுக்குத் தனித்தே இருந்தது. வடகிழக்குப் பகுதியை ஆண்ட மிகப்பெரிய மற்றும் நீண்ட காலப் பேரரசு, மணிப்பூரைச் சேர்ந்த நிங்தௌச்சா வம்சமாகும் (கி.பி. 33–1891); இவர்களுக்கு அடுத்தபடியாக அகோம் வம்சத்தினர் இப்பகுதியை ஆண்டனர். இவர்கள் 13-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு முதல் 19-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு வரை, முகலாயர்களின் ஆதிக்க விரிவாக்கத்திலிருந்து அசாம் மற்றும் அதன் அண்டை மண்டலங்களை வெற்றிகரமாகப் பாதுகாத்து வந்தனர். [[File:Victoria Memorial Hall, Kolkata.jpg|thumb|கொல்கத்தாவில் அமைந்துள்ள விக்டோரியா நினைவிடம், விக்டோரியா மகாராணியின் நினைவாக அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு பிரம்மாண்டமான பளிங்குக் கட்டிடமாகும். கொல்கத்தாவின் வரலாறு, கிழக்கிந்திய நிறுவனத்துடனும் பிரிட்டிசு ஆட்சியுடனும் தொடர்புடையதாகும். அக்காலத்தில் 'கல்கத்தா' என்று அழைக்கப்பட்ட இந்நகரமே பிரிட்டிசு ஆட்சியின் தலைநகராகத் திகழ்ந்தது.]] 16 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதியில் ஐரோப்பிய வர்த்தகர்கள் இந்தியாவிற்கு வரத் தொடங்கினர். இவர்களில் ஆங்கிலேயர்கள், டச்சுக்காரர்கள், பிரெஞ்சுக்காரர்கள் மற்றும் போர்த்துகீசியர்கள் முக்கியமானவர்கள். பிரிட்டிசு கிழக்கிந்திய நிறுவனம் 1772 ஆம் ஆண்டில் கல்கத்தாவைத் தங்கள் தலைமையிடமாக ஆக்கியது. அவர்கள் பம்பாய் மற்றும் மெட்ராசு போன்ற துணை நகரங்களையும் நிறுவினர். கல்கத்தா பின்னர் 'இலண்டனுக்குப் பிறகு பேரரசின் இரண்டாவது நகரம்' ஆனது. 19 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு வாக்கில், ஆங்கிலேயர்கள் ஏதோ ஒரு வகையில் இந்தியாவின் கிட்டத்தட்ட அனைத்துப் பகுதிகளின் அரசியல் கட்டுப்பாட்டையும் கைப்பற்றினர். இருப்பினும் போர்த்துகீசியர்கள், டச்சுக்காரர்கள் மற்றும் பிரெஞ்சுக்காரர்களுக்கும் கடற்கரையோரம் தங்களுடைய பகுதிகள் இருந்தன. ஆங்கிலேயர்கள் இந்தியத் தொழிலாளர்கள், காவலர்கள் மற்றும் வீரர்களைப் பேரரசு முழுவதும் அனுப்பினர். இதன் விளைவாக இந்தியப் புலம்பெயர் சமூகங்கள் நிறுவப்பட்டன. மியான்மர், மலேசியா, சிங்கப்பூர், ஆங்காங், பிச்சி, தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா, மொரிசியசு, கென்யா, கயானா, டிரினிடாட் மற்றும் டொபாகோ மற்றும் ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம் ஆகியவை இவற்றில் மிகவும் குறிப்பிடத்தக்கவையாகும். 1857-ஆம் ஆண்டில் இந்திய ஆட்சியாளர்களால் ஒரு கிளர்ச்சி ஏற்பட்டது. அது அடக்கப்பட்டாலும், கம்பெனியிடமிருந்து ஆட்சியைப் பெற்று இந்தியாவைத் தனது பேரரசின் ஒரு பகுதியாக ஆக்குவதற்கு பிரிட்டிசு அரசாங்கத்தைத் தூண்டியது. 1858 முதல் 1947 வரையிலான இந்த முடியாட்சிக் காலம், பிரிட்டிசு இராச்சியம் என்று அழைக்கப்பட்டது. இது சில இந்தியர்கள் கிறித்தவ மதத்திற்கு மாறிய ஒரு காலகட்டமாகும். இருப்பினும், 1859-ஆம் ஆண்டுக்குப் பிறகு பிரிட்டிசு இந்தியாவில் கட்டாய மதமாற்றங்கள் முடிவுக்கு வந்தன. மேலும், இந்தியர்களின் மத நம்பிக்கைகளை மதிப்பதாக விக்டோரியா மகாராணியின் பிரகடனம் உறுதியளித்தது. மோகன்தாசு கரம்சந்த் காந்தி (மகாத்மா காந்தி) தலைமையிலான பிரிட்டிசு காலனித்துவத்திற்கு எதிரான அகிம்சை எதிர்ப்பு, மற்ற வழிமுறைகளுடன் இணைந்து, 1947 ஆகத்து மாதம் 15 அன்று சுதந்திரத்திற்கு வழிவகுத்தது. இருப்பினும், மதச்சார்பற்ற இந்துக்கள் பெரும்பான்மையாக உள்ள இந்திய அரசுக்கும், சிறிய முசுலிம்கள் பெரும்பான்மையாக உள்ள பாக்கித்தான் அரசுக்கும் ஒரே நேரத்தில் சுதந்திரம் வழங்கப்பட்டது. மேலும், பிரிவினையைத் தொடர்ந்து நடந்த இந்து-முசுலிம் இரத்தக் களரி, குறைந்தது அரை மில்லியன் மக்களின் இறப்புக்கும், 12 முதல் 14 மில்லியன் மக்கள் இடம்பெயர்வதற்கும் வழிவகுத்தது. 1970-ஆம் ஆண்டுகளில் இந்தியா உணவு தானியங்களில் தன்னிறைவு அடைந்தது. இதனால், அதுவரை சாதாரணமாக இருந்த பெரும் பஞ்சங்கள் இப்போது வரலாறாகிவிட்டன. இருப்பினும், இந்தக் கொள்கைகள் பற்றாக்குறை, மெதுவான வளர்ச்சி மற்றும் பெரும் ஊழலுக்கும் வழிவகுத்தன. 1991-ஆம் ஆண்டில் ஏற்பட்ட செலுத்து இருப்பு நெருக்கடிக்குப் பிறகு, நாடு தாராள சந்தை சீர்திருத்தங்களை மேற்கொண்டது. அவை அப்போதிருந்து சீரான வேகத்தில் தொடர்ந்து, வலுவான வளர்ச்சிக்கு உந்துதலாக இருந்து வருகின்றன. தகவல் தொழில்நுட்பம், வணிகச் செயல்முறை வெளிப்பணியமர்த்தல் மற்றும் பிற தொழில்கள் இந்த வளர்ச்சிக்கு உந்துசக்தியாக இருந்துள்ளன. அதே சமயம், சீர்திருத்தங்களை எதிர்கொள்ளாத உற்பத்தித் துறையும் விவசாயத் துறையும் பின்தங்கியுள்ளன. சுமார் 60% இந்தியர்கள் விவசாயத்தை நம்பி வாழ்கின்றனர், மேலும் சுமார் 36% பேர் வறுமையில் உள்ளனர். பாக்கித்தானுடனான உறவுகள் சுமுகமாக இல்லை. இரு நாடுகளும் நான்கு போர்களில் ஈடுபட்டுள்ளன, அவற்றில் மூன்று காசுமீரின் நிலை குறித்தவை. 1971-ஆம் ஆண்டில் இரு நாடுகளுக்கும் இடையே நடந்த மூன்றாவது போரின் விளைவாக, கிழக்கு பாக்கித்தான் வங்காளதேசமாக உருவானது. இந்தியா அவ்வப்போது பயங்கரவாதத் தாக்குதல்களைத் தொடர்ந்து சந்தித்து வருகிறது, அவற்றில் பல பாக்கித்தானில் இருந்து தொடங்குவதாகவும், அதன் இராணுவ-உளவுத்துறை அமைப்பால் உத்தரவிடப்படுவதாகவும் அல்லது உதவி செய்யப்படுவதாகவும் பரவலாக நம்பப்படுகிறது. இமயமலை எல்லைப் பிரச்சினை காரணமாக 1962-ஆம் ஆண்டில் சீனாவும் இந்தியாவும் போரிட்டன. தற்போதைய உறவுகள் பெரும்பாலும் அமைதியானவையாக இருந்தாலும், பதற்றம் நிறைந்தவையாக உள்ளன. இரு நாடுகளுக்கும் இடையே தரைவழிப் போக்குவரத்து அனுமதிக்கப்படவில்லை, இருப்பினும் சிக்கிமுக்கும் திபெத்துக்கும் இடையிலான ஓர் எல்லைக் கடக்கும் பாதை 2006-ஆம் ஆண்டில் வர்த்தகத்திற்காக மீண்டும் திறக்கப்பட்டது. பாக்கித்தான் மற்றும் சீனா மீதான பாதுகாப்பு குறித்த கவலைகள், இந்தியாவை இரண்டு முறை அணு ஆயுதங்களைச் சோதிக்கத் தூண்டின (1974-ஆம் ஆண்டில் "அமைதியான வெடிப்புகள்" என்று விவரிக்கப்பட்ட சோதனைகள் உட்பட). இந்தியா ஒரு முறையான அணுசக்தி நாடாக ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்பட விரும்புகிறது மற்றும் ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் பாதுகாப்பு சபையில் நிரந்தர இடத்திற்காகப் பிரச்சாரம் செய்து வருகிறது. இந்தியா தனது மக்களாட்சிப் பதிவைக் குறித்துப் பெருமை கொள்கிறது. ஒரு சுதந்திர நாடாகத் திகழ்ந்த காலத்தின் பெரும்பகுதி முழுவதும், அரசியலமைப்பு சார்ந்த ஆட்சியும் சனநாயகச் சுதந்திரங்களும் பாதுகாக்கப்பட்டு வந்துள்ளன. இந்தியாவில் தற்போது நிலவும் கவலைகளில் ஊழல், வறுமை, மக்கள் தொகைப் பெருக்கம், மாசுபாடு மற்றும் சுற்றுச்சூழல் சீரழிவின் பல்வேறு வடிவங்கள், பாக்கித்தான் மற்றும் சீனாவுடனான தொடர்ச்சியான எல்லைப் பிரச்சினைகள், எல்லை தாண்டிய பயங்கரவாதம், மற்றும் அவ்வப்போது நிகழும் இன, அரசியல், மத மோதல்கள் ஆகியவை அடங்கும். குறைந்தபட்சம் படித்த மேட்டுக்குடியினரிடையே, பொருளாதார வளர்ச்சியில் சீனாவை முந்தி, ஒரு பொருளாதார மற்றும் இராணுவ வல்லரசாக இந்தியா திகழ முடியுமா என்பதே இந்தியாவின் தற்போதைய பெரும் கவலையாக உள்ளது. இன்று, பல இந்தியர்கள் தங்கள் நாட்டை பன்னாட்டு அரசியலில் ஒட்டுமொத்த உலகத் தெற்கின் குரலாகவும் தலைவராகவும் கருதுகின்றனர். ==அரசியல்== [[File:Back view of Rashtrapati Bhavan.jpg|thumb|குடியரசுத் தலைவர் மாளிகை, புது தில்லி]] இந்தியா, பிரித்தானிய வெசுட்மின்சுட்டர் முறையை மாதிரியாகக் கொண்ட ஒரு நாடாளுமன்றக் குடியரசு மற்றும் சனநாயகம் ஆகும். மறைமுகமாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்படும் குடியரசுத் தலைவர் நாட்டின் தலைவர் ஆவார். ஆனால் இந்தப் பதவி முற்றிலும் சம்பிரதாயமானது அல்ல என்றாலும், வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட அதிகாரங்களையே கொண்டுள்ளது. பிரதமர், அமைச்சரவையுடன் அரசாங்கத்தை நடத்துகிறார். மேலும் நடைமுறையில் அரசாங்கத்தில் அதிக அதிகாரத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளார். நாடாளுமன்றம் ஈரவை கொண்டது. கீழ்சபையான மக்களவை (மக்களவை), வயது வந்தோர் அனைவருக்கும் வாக்குரிமை மூலம் நேரடியாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்படுகிறது. அதேசமயம் மேற்சபையான மாநிலங்களவை (மாநிலங்களவை) மறைமுகமாகத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கப்படுகிறது. இவ்விரண்டில் மக்களவையே அதிக அதிகாரம் வாய்ந்தது. ஏனெனில் அரசாங்கத்தை அமைக்கவும் வரவு செலவுத் திட்டங்களை நிறைவேற்றவும் மக்களவையில் பெரும்பான்மை தேவைப்படுகிறது. மேலும் மரபுப்படி பிரதமர் எப்போதும் மக்களவை உறுப்பினராகவே இருப்பார். இந்தியாவும் மாநிலங்கள் மற்றும் ஒன்றியப் பிரதேசங்களாகப் பிரிக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு கூட்டாட்சி அமைப்பாகும். இவற்றில் ஒவ்வொன்றும் தனக்கென ஒரு சட்டமன்றத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளது; இவற்றுக்கான அரசாங்கம் ஒரு முதலமைச்சர் மற்றும் அமைச்சரவையின் தலைமையில் செயல்படுகிறது. ஒரு மாநிலத்திற்கும் ஒன்றியப் பிரதேசத்திற்கும் இடையிலான வேறுபாடு, மத்திய அரசாங்கத்தால் அந்தந்த சட்டமன்றத்திற்கு எவ்வளவு அதிகாரம் வழங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது என்பதைச் சார்ந்திருக்கிறது. ஒவ்வொரு மாநிலமோ அல்லது ஒன்றியப் பிரதேசமோ பல மாவட்டங்களாகப் பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது; அந்தந்த மாநிலம் அல்லது ஒன்றியப் பிரதேசத்தைப் பொறுத்து, இம்மாவட்டங்கள் மேலும் பல சிறிய பிரிவுகளாகப் பிரிக்கப்படுகின்றன. இந்தியாவில் இரண்டு வகையான உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்புகள் உள்ளன: நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பேரூர்களுக்கான 'நகர்ப்புற உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்புகள்' மற்றும் எஞ்சியிருக்கும் கிராமப்புறங்களுக்கான 'பஞ்சாயத்து இராச்சியம் (இதன் நேரடிப் பொருள்: "ஐந்து அதிகாரிகளின் ஆட்சி"). நகர்ப்புற உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்புகளுள் நகராட்சிகள், மாநகராட்சிகள், இராணுவக் குடியிருப்புப் பகுதிகள் , நகரப் பஞ்சாயத்துகள், அறிவிக்கப்பட்ட பகுதி மன்றங்கள் ஆகியவை அடங்கும். அதேவேளையில், பஞ்சாயத்து இராச்சிய அமைப்பானது மூன்று நிலைகளாகப் பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது: தனித்தனி கிராமங்களுக்கான 'கிராமப் பஞ்சாயத்துகள்', கிராமங்களின் தொகுப்புகளுக்கான 'வட்டார வளர்ச்சி மன்றங்கள்', மற்றும் மாவட்டங்களுக்கான 'மாவட்டக் குழுக்கள் என்பனவாகும். இந்தியாவில் ஏராளமான அரசியல் கட்சிகள் உள்ளன. தற்போதைய ஆளும் கட்சியான இந்து தேசியவாத பாரதிய ஜனதா கட்சி, அரசாங்கத்தில் அங்கம் வகிக்கும் தேசிய ஜனநாயகக் கூட்டணியின் அங்கம் வகிக்கும் பிற அரசியல் கட்சிகள், மற்றும் மைய-இடதுசாரி இந்திய தேசிய காங்கிரசு ஆகியவை பிரதான எதிர்க்கட்சிகளாகும். இந்த இந்திய தேசிய காங்கிரசு, இந்திய தேசிய வளர்ச்சி உள்ளடக்கிய கூட்டணி (இந்தியா) எனப்படும் பல அரசியல் கட்சிகளைக் கொண்ட ஒரு பெரிய எதிர்க்கட்சிக் கூட்டணியின் ஒரு பகுதியாகும். இந்தியாவில் வலிமையான மற்றும் சுதந்திரமான நீதித்துறையும், சுதந்திரமான பத்திரிகைத் துறையும் உள்ளன. எந்தவொரு சனநாயக நாட்டிலும் நடப்பதைப் போலவே, தெரு ஆர்ப்பாட்டங்கள், போராட்டங்கள் மற்றும் கிளர்ச்சிகள் நடைபெறுகின்றன. அவ்வப்போது குறைந்த அளவிலான அரசியல் வன்முறைகளும் நிகழ்கின்றன; அவற்றில் ஒரு பார்வையாளர் பிடிபடுவதற்கான வாய்ப்பு மிக மிகக் குறைவு. ==நேரம்== இந்தியத் திட்ட நேரம், ஒருங்கிணைந்த உலக நேரத்தைவிட 5 மணி 30 நிமிடங்கள் முன்னிலையில் உள்ளது. இந்தியாவில் பகலொளி சேமிப்பு நேரம் கடைப்பிடிக்கப்படுவதில்லை. ==புவியியல்== [[File:Loktak Lake Boat people Moirang Manipur India.jpg|thumb|உலகத்தின் ஒரே மிதக்கும் ஏரியான உலோக்தக்கு ஏரி]] இந்தியா 3,287,263 சதுர கிலோமீட்டர் (1,269,219 சதுர மைல்) பரப்பளவைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. இதன் மூலம் இந்தியா உலகின் ஏழாவது மிகப்பெரிய நாடாகவும், ஆசியாவின் மூன்றாவது மிகப்பெரிய நாடாகவும் (உருசியாவையும் கணக்கில் கொண்டால்), மற்றும் தெற்காசியாவின் மிகப்பெரிய நாடாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. இந்தியா அமெரிக்காவை விட மூன்று மடங்கு சிறியதாகவும், ஆத்திரேலியாவின் பரப்பளவில் பாதியாகவும், ஆசியாவின் மிகச்சிறிய நாடான மாலத்தீவை விட ஏறக்குறைய 11,000 மடங்கு பெரியதாகவும் உள்ளது. மலைகள், காடுகள், பாலைவனங்கள் மற்றும் கடற்கரைகள் என—இந்தியா அனைத்தையும் தன்னகத்தே கொண்டுள்ளது. இதன் வடக்கு மற்றும் வடகிழக்கு எல்லைகள், உலகின் மிக உயரமான மலைத்தொடரான ​​பனிபடர்ந்த இமயமலையால் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளன. அந்நியப் படையெடுப்பாளர்களிடமிருந்து நாட்டைக் காப்பதுடன், இந்தியாவின் நாகரிகம் செழித்தோங்கிய சமவெளிகளுக்கு உயிரூட்டும் வற்றாத நதிகளான கங்கை, யமுனை மற்றும் சிந்து ஆகியவற்றுக்கும் இம்மலைகள் நீராதாரமாகத் திகழ்கின்றன. சிந்து நதியின் பெரும்பகுதி தற்போது பாக்கித்தானில் அமைந்திருந்தாலும், அதன் மூன்று துணை நதிகள் பஞ்சாப் மாநிலத்தின் வழியாகப் பாய்கின்றன. கங்கை நதிக்கு இரண்டு கிளை நதிகள் உள்ளன. அவற்றுள் பாகீரதி-ஊக்ளி எனும் கிளை நதி இந்தியாவின் நிலப்பரப்பின் வழியே பாய்ந்து, மேற்கு வங்க மாநிலத்தின் உயிர்நாடியாகத் திகழ்கிறது. இவ்விரு கிளை நதிகளும் இறுதியில் வங்காள விரிகுடாவில் சங்கமித்து, உலகின் மிகப்பெரிய ஆற்று முகத்துவாரப் பகுதியையும், மிகப்பெரிய சதுப்புநிலக் காடுகளையும் உருவாக்குகின்றன. மற்றொரு இமயமலை நதியான பிரம்மபுத்திரா, வடகிழக்குப் பகுதி வழியாகவும் — பெரும்பாலும் அசாம் மாநிலத்தின் ஊடாகவும் — பாய்கிறது. அங்கு இது பல்வேறு பெயர்களால் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. மணிப்பூரில் உற்பத்தியாகும் மணிப்பூர் நதி, மியான்மரின் சிண்ட்வின்-இராவதி நதி அமைப்போடு இணைகிறது. பஞ்சாபிற்குத் தெற்கே ஆரவல்லி மலைத்தொடர் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது இராசத்தானை இரண்டாகப் பிரிக்கிறது. இராசத்தானின் மேற்குப் பகுதி தார் பாலைவனத்தால் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளது. விந்திய மலைத்தொடர் மத்திய இந்தியாவைக்—குறிப்பாக மத்தியப் பிரதேசத்தை—ஊடறுத்துச் செல்கிறது; இது தக்காணப் பீடபூமியின் தொடக்கத்தைக் குறிக்கிறது. இப்பீடபூமியானது, தமிழ்நாட்டின் பெரும்பகுதியையும் கேரளாவையும் தவிர்த்து, தென் தீபகற்பத்தின் ஏறக்குறைய முழுப் பகுதியையும் உள்ளடக்கியுள்ளது. தக்காணப் பீடபூமியானது, மேற்கில் மேற்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலையாலும் (மகாராட்டிராவில் 'சகயாத்ரி' என அழைக்கப்படுகிறது), கிழக்கில் கிழக்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலையாலும் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளது. இப்பகுதிக்குப் நீர் வழங்கும் நர்மதை, கோதாவரி மற்றும் காவேரி போன்ற ஆறுகள் கோடைக்காலத்தில் வற்றிவிடுவதால், சமவெளிப் பகுதிகளைக் காட்டிலும் இப்பீடபூமி மிகவும் வறண்ட நிலையில் காணப்படுகிறது. தக்காணப் பீடபூமியின் வடகிழக்கு திசையில், சத்தீசுகர், சார்க்கண்ட், மகாராட்டிராவின் கிழக்கு விளிம்பு மற்றும் ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசத்தின் வடமுனை ஆகிய மாநிலங்களை உள்ளடக்கிய, ஒரு காலத்தில் அடர்ந்த காடுகளாகத் திகழ்ந்த ஒரு பகுதி அமைந்துள்ளது. இப்பகுதி இன்றும் காடுகளால் சூழப்பட்டதாகவும், வறுமையால் வாடுவதாகவும், பழங்குடியின மக்கள் வசிக்கும் இடமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. தென்னிந்தியாவின் மீதான படையெடுப்புகளுக்குத் தடையாக இக்காடு விளங்கியது. உலகின் ஒரே மிதக்கும் ஏரி, மணிப்பூரின் மையப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள கிண்ணம் போன்ற சமவெளியில் உள்ள உலோக்தக்கு ஏரியாகும். இது தனது தனித்துவமான, வட்ட வடிவ மிதக்கும் உயிரித்திரள்களுக்காக குறிப்பிடத்தக்க வகையில் அறியப்படுகிறது. இந்தியா நீண்ட கடற்கரையைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. இதன் மேற்கு கடற்கரை அரபிக்கடலையும், கிழக்கு கடற்கரை வங்காள விரிகுடாவையும் ஒட்டி அமைந்துள்ளன; இவை இரண்டும் இந்தியப் பெருங்கடலின் பகுதிகளாகும். ==காலநிலை== [[File:A beach side resort at Kadmat Island, Lakshadweep.jpg|thumb|இலட்சத் தீவுகள்]] [[File:Jammu and Kashmir 3.JPG|thumb|குல்மார்க்கு, சம்மு மற்றும் காசுமீர்]] இந்தியாவில், வருடத்தின் ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட காலத்தில் மட்டுமே மழை பெய்கிறது. அந்தப் பருவமும், அதை ஏற்படுத்தும் நிகழ்வும் பருவமழை காலம் என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. தென்மேற்கு மற்றும் வடகிழக்கு என இரண்டு பருவமழைகள் உள்ளன; இவை இரண்டும் காற்று வீசும் திசைகளின் பெயரால் அழைக்கப்படுகின்றன. தென்மேற்குப் பருவமழையே மிகவும் முக்கியமானது, ஏனெனில் இது நாட்டின் பெரும்பாலான பகுதிகளில் மழையைப் பொழிவிக்கிறது. மேலும் பயிர்கள் எவ்வாறு விளையும் என்பதைத் தீர்மானிக்கும் முக்கிய காரணியாகவும் இது விளங்குகிறது. சூன் முதல் செப்டம்பர் வரை இம்மழை நீடிக்கும். தென்மேற்குப் பருவமழை மேற்குக் கடற்கரையை அதிகமாகத் தாக்குகிறது. ஏனெனில் மேற்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலைகளைக் கடந்து இந்தியாவின் மற்ற பகுதிகளை அடைவது காற்றுக்கு ஒரு கடினமான பணியாகும். எனவே, உள்நாட்டுப் பகுதிகளை விட மேற்குக் கடற்கரை மிகவும் பசுமையாக இருக்கிறது. வடகிழக்குப் பருவமழை அக்டோபர் முதல் பிப்ரவரி வரை கிழக்குக் கடற்கரையைத் தாக்குகிறது. இது பெரும்பாலும் அவ்வப்போது ஏற்படும் புயல்களின் வடிவத்தில் ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் பெரும் அழிவை ஏற்படுத்துகிறது. இரண்டு பருவமழைகளின் மழையையும் பெறும் ஒரே பகுதி வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா ஆகும். இதன் விளைவாக இப்பகுதி உலகில் அதிக மழைப்பொழிவைப் பெறுகிறது. இந்தியாவில் ஒரு வருடத்தில் கோடை, மழைக்காலம் (அல்லது பருவமழை) மற்றும் குளிர் காலம் என குறைந்தது மூன்று பருவங்கள் உள்ளன. இருப்பினும், வெப்பமண்டல தென்பகுதியில் 25°செல்சியசு (77°பாரங்கீட்டு) வெப்பநிலையை 'குளிர்காலம்' என்று அழைப்பது பொருத்தமற்றதாகிவிடும். வட இந்தியாவில் கோடையில் கடுமையான வெப்பமும், குளிர்காலத்தில் கடும் குளிரும் நிலவுகிறது. ஆனால், இமயமலைப் பகுதிகளைத் தவிர, பனிப்பொழிவு என்பது கேள்விப்படாத ஒன்றாகும். நவம்பர் முதல் சனவரி வரை குளிர்காலமாகவும், ஏப்ரல் மற்றும் மே மாதங்கள் வெப்பமான மாதங்களாகவும் உள்ளன. இந்த மாதங்களில் அனைவரும் மழையை ஆவலுடன் எதிர்பார்க்கின்றனர். குறிப்பாக வட இந்தியாவில், பிப்ரவரி மற்றும் மார்ச்சு மாதங்களில் ஒரு குறுகிய கால வசந்த காலமும் நிலவுகிறது. இந்தியாவின் ஏதேனும் ஒரு பகுதியில் இலையுதிர் காலம் நிலவுகிறதா என்பது குறித்துக் கருத்துக்கள் மாறுபட்டுள்ளன. ஆயினும் ஓராண்டை ஆறு பருவங்களாகப் பிரித்திருந்த பண்டைய மக்கள், அத்தகைய ஒரு பருவத்தை நிச்சயமாகவே அடையாளம் கண்டிருந்தனர். == மாநிலங்கள் == {{Wy/ta/Div col|colwidth=15em|rules=yes}} # [[Wy/ta/ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்|ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/அசாம்|அசாம்]] # [[Wy/ta/பிகார்|பிகார்]] # [[Wy/ta/சத்தீசுகர்|சத்தீசுகர்]] # [[Wy/ta/கோவா|கோவா]] # [[Wy/ta/குஜராத்|Wy/ta/குஜராத்]] # [[Wy/ta/அரியானா|அரியானா]] # [[Wy/ta/இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|இமாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/ஜார்க்கண்ட்|ஜார்க்கண்ட்]] # [[Wy/ta/கர்நாடகம்|கர்நாடகம்]] # [[Wy/ta/கேரளம்|கேரளம்]] # [[Wy/ta/மத்தியப் பிரதேசம்|மத்தியப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/மகாராஷ்டிரம்|மகாராஷ்டிரம்]] # [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூர்]] # [[Wy/ta/மேகாலயா|மேகாலயா]] # [[Wy/ta/மிசோரம்|மிசோரம்]] # [[Wy/ta/நாகாலாந்து|நாகாலாந்து]] # [[Wy/ta/ஒடிசா|ஒடிசா]] # [[Wy/ta/பஞ்சாப்|பஞ்சாப்]] # [[Wy/ta/ராஜஸ்தான்|ராஜஸ்தான்]] # [[Wy/ta/சிக்கிம்|சிக்கிம்]] # [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] # [[Wy/ta/திரிபுரா|திரிபுரா]] # [[Wy/ta/உத்தரகண்ட்|உத்தரகண்ட்]] # [[Wy/ta/உத்தரப் பிரதேசம்|உத்தரப் பிரதேசம்]] # [[Wy/ta/மேற்கு வங்காளம்|மேற்கு வங்காளம்]] # [[Wy/ta/தெலுங்கானா|தெலுங்கானா]] {{Wy/ta/Div col end}} யூனியன் பிரதேசங்கள் என்றழைக்கப்படும் ஒன்றியப் பகுதிகள்: {{Wy/ta/Div col|colwidth=15em|rules=yes}} # [[Wy/ta/அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்|அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]] # [[Wy/ta/சண்டிகர்|சண்டிகர்]] # [[Wy/ta/சம்மு காசுமீர் (ஒன்றியப் பகுதி)|சம்மு காசுமீர்]] # [[Wy/ta/தாத்ரா, நகர் அவேலி மற்றும் தாமன், தியூ|தாத்ரா, நகர் அவேலி மற்றும் தாமன், தியூ]] # [[Wy/ta/லட்சத்தீவுகள்|லட்சத்தீவுகள்]] # [[Wy/ta/புதுச்சேரி|புதுச்சேரி]] # [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தில்லி]] # [[Wy/ta/இலடாக்கு|இலடாக்கு]] {{Wy/ta/Div col end}} [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆசிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q668}} nx16uw9ozwbpbnb2d0pcaoop2t5krjy 0 2863067 7240803 5497887 2026-07-06T09:51:22Z Soy20 2653919 7240803 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Ang '''Doug''''' sangka American animated series sang [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] halin Sepyembre 7, 1996 asta Marso 31, 2009. Ginhimo ini ni [[Jim Jinkins]]. Si Doug lalaki. [[Category:Wp/hil]] 1jxpd90d8yug6j8c5yr93w9k8l0husu 0 2865993 7240880 6550096 2026-07-06T10:43:48Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 /* {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ}} (mudan) */ 7240880 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wt/mnc/汉语|'''汉语''']] gebungge justan be tuwaki seci, ere tohon be gidaki. == {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} (nikan gisun) == === {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ}} (nikan hergen) === '''漢語''' === {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ}} (mudan) === {{Wt/mnc/zh-pron |m=Hànyǔ,cap=y |ma=zh-hànyǔ.ogg |dg=хан3йү2 |c=hon3 jyu5 |c-t=hon1 ngui4 |h=pfs=Hon-ngî;hrs=h:honˇ ngiˋ |md=Háng-ngṳ̄ |mn=xm,twt:Hàn-gú/qz:Hàn-gír/zz,twk:Hàn-gí |px=pt:^hang4 *gy3/xy:hang4 gy3 |w=sh:5hoe gniu6;jx:5hoe gniu4 |mc=1,1 |cat=n }} *{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} [[Wp/mnc/alban -i nikan gisun|alban -i gisun]] ::(<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡴᡝᠮᡠᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/kemuhengge nikan gisun|kemuhengge]]''</small>) :::(<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡦᡳᠨ <br>ᡳᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/nikan gisun -i pin in|pin in]]''</small>): [[Wt/mnc/Hànyǔ|Hànyǔ]], [[Wt/mnc/hànyǔ|hànyǔ]] :::(<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠵᡠ <br>ᡳᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/ju in|ju in]]''</small>): [[Wt/mnc/ㄏㄢˋ|ㄏㄢˋ]] [[Wt/mnc/ㄩˇ|ㄩˇ]], [[Wt/mnc/ㄏㄢˋ|ㄏㄢˋ]] [[Wt/mnc/ㄩˇ|ㄩˇ]] :::[[File:zh-hànyǔ.ogg]] ::(<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᡠᠩ <br>ᡬᠠᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/dung g'an gisun|dung g'an]]''</small>): [[Wt/mnc/ханйү|ханйү]] (hanyü, III-II) *{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᡩᡠᠩ <br>(ᠶᡠᠸᡝᡳ)}} [[Wp/mnc/guwangdung ba -i gisun|guwangdung (yuwei)]] ::(<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠵᡝᠣ -<br>ᡥᡳᠶᠠᠩ <br>ᡬᠠᠩ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/guwangjeo (guwangdung)|guwangjeo]]–[[Wp/mnc/hiyang g'ang|hiyang g'ang]]''</small>): hon³ jyu⁵ ::(<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡨᠠᡳ <br>ᡧᠠᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/tai šan (guwangdung)|tai šan]]''</small>): hon¹ ngui⁴ *{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡴᡝ <br>ᡤᡳᠶᠠ}} [[Wp/mnc/ke giya gisun|ke giya]] (<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᡠᡳᠨ <br>ᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/duin hiyan -i mudan (ke giya gisun)|duin hiyan]]''</small>): [[Wt/mnc/Hon-ngî|Hon-ngî]] *{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ <br>ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ <br>(ᠮᡳᠨ <br>ᡩᡠᠩ)}} [[Wp/mnc/dergi fugiyan ba -i gisun|dergi fugiyan (min dung)]]: [[Wt/mnc/Háng-ngṳ̄|Háng-ngṳ̄]] *{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠵᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ <br>ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ <br>(ᠮᡳᠨ <br>ᠨᠠᠨ)}} [[Wp/mnc/julergi fugiyan ba -i gisun|julergi fugiyan (min nan)]]: [[Wt/mnc/Hàn-gí|Hàn-gí]] / [[Wt/mnc/Hàn-gír|Hàn-gír]] / [[Wt/mnc/Hàn-gú|Hàn-gú]] *{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡠ}} [[Wp/mnc/u ba -i gisun|u]] (<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡨᠠᡳ <br>ᡥᡡ <br>ᡨᡝᠩᡤᡳᠨ <br>(ᠠᠮᠠᡵᡤᡳ)}} ''[[Wp/mnc/tai hū tenggin -i mudan|tai hū tenggin]] (amargi)''</small>): ⁵hoe-gniu₆ / ⁵hoe-gniu₄ *{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} [[Wp/mnc/alban -i nikan gisun|alban -i gisun]] **(<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡴᡝᠮᡠᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/kemuhengge nikan gisun|kemuhengge]]''</small>) ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡦᡳᠨ <br>ᡳᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/nikan gisun -i pin in|pin in]]''</small>: [[Wt/mnc/Hànyǔ|Hànyǔ]] ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠵᡠ <br>ᡳᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/nikan gisun -i ju in|ju in]]''</small>: [[Wt/mnc/ㄏㄢˋ|ㄏㄢˋ]] [[Wt/mnc/ㄩˇ|ㄩˇ]] ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡥᠠᡶᡠᡴᡳᠶᠠᠮᡝ <br>ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ <br>ᡦᡳᠨ <br>ᡳᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/hafukiyame baitalara pin in|hafukiyame baitalara pin in]]''</small>: [[Wt/mnc/Hànyǔ|Hànyǔ]] ***<small>''[[Wp/mnc/Wade–Giles nikan gisun -i pin in|Wade–Giles]]''</small>: Han⁴-yü³ ***<small>''[[Wp/mnc/Yale nikan gisun -i pin in|Yale]]''</small>: Hàn-yǔ ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠯᠣᠮᠠ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/gurun -i gisun -i loma hergen|gurun -i gisun -i loma hergen]]''</small>: Hannyeu ***<small>''[[Wp/mnc/nikan hergen be kiril hergen ubaliyambure durun|Palladius]]''</small>: [[Wt/mnc/Ханьюй|Ханьюй]] (Xanʹjuj) ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠨ <br>IPA}} ''[[Wp/mnc/nikan tacin|nikan tacin]] [[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:IPA|IPA]]''^{({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ}} ''[[Wt/mnc/Appendix:alban -i gisun -i mudan|mudan]])}''</small>: /xän⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ *{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} [[Wp/mnc/alban -i nikan gisun|alban -i gisun]] **(<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡴᡝᠮᡠᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/kemuhengge nikan gisun|kemuhengge]]''</small>) ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡦᡳᠨ <br>ᡳᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/nikan gisun -i pin in|pin in]]''</small>: [[Wt/mnc/hànyǔ|hànyǔ]] ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠵᡠ <br>ᡳᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/nikan gisun -i ju in|ju in]]''</small>: [[Wt/mnc/ㄏㄢˋ|ㄏㄢˋ]] [[Wt/mnc/ㄩˇ|ㄩˇ]] ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡥᠠᡶᡠᡴᡳᠶᠠᠮᡝ <br>ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ <br>ᡦᡳᠨ <br>ᡳᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/hafukiyame baitalara pin in|hafukiyame baitalara pin in]]''</small>: [[Wt/mnc/hànyǔ|hànyǔ]] ***<small>''[[Wp/mnc/Wade–Giles nikan gisun -i pin in|Wade–Giles]]''</small>: han⁴-yü³ ***<small>''[[Wp/mnc/Yale nikan gisun -i pin in|Yale]]''</small>: hàn-yǔ ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠯᠣᠮᠠ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/gurun -i gisun -i loma hergen|gurun -i gisun -i loma hergen]]''</small>: hannyeu ***<small>''[[Wp/mnc/nikan hergen be kiril hergen ubaliyambure durun|Palladius]]''</small>: [[Wt/mnc/ханьюй|ханьюй]] (xanʹjuj) ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠨ <br>IPA}} ''[[Wp/mnc/nikan tacin|nikan tacin]] [[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:IPA|IPA]]^{([[Wt/mnc/Appendix:alban -i gisun -i mudan|mudan]])}''</small>: /xän⁵¹ y²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ *(<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᡠᠩ <br>ᡬᠠᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/dung g'an gisun|dung g'an]]''</small>) **{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡴᡳᡵᡳᠯ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ}} [[Wp/mnc/kiril hergen|kiril hergen]]: [[Wt/mnc/ханйү|ханйү]] (hanyü, III-II) ***{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠨ <br>IPA}} [[Wp/mnc/nikan tacin|nikan tacin]] [[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:IPA|IPA]]^{({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ}} [[Wt/mnc/Appendix:alban -i gisun -i mudan|mudan]])}: /xæ̃⁴⁴ y⁵¹/ ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᡠᠩ <br>ᡬᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ ᡩᡝ <br>ᠠᡳᠨᠴᡳ <br>ᡠᡶᠠᡵᠠᠴᡠᠨ <br>ᠪᡳ᠉}} dung g'an gisun -i mudan de ainci ufaracun bi.) *{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᡩᡠᠩ <br>(ᠶᡠᠸᡝᡳ)}} [[Wp/mnc/guwangdung ba -i gisun|guwangdung (yuwei)]] **<small>({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡴᡝᠮᡠᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ <br>ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᡩᡠᠩ <br>ᠪᠠ ᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ᠈ <br>ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠵᡝᠣ - <br>ᡥᡳᠶᠠᠩ <br>ᡬᠠᠩ}} ''kemuhengge guwangdung ba -i gisun, guwangjeo–hiyang g'ang'')</small> ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠶᡠᠸᡝᡳ <br>ᡦᡳᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/yuwei pin (gisun)|yuwei pin]]''</small>: hon³ jyu⁵ ***<small>''[[Wp/mnc/Yale guwangdung ba -i gisun -i pin in|Yale]]''</small>: hon yúh ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠪᡠᠨ <br>ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠᠪᡠᠨ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠨ <br>ᡴᡡᠸᠠᡵᠠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡦᡳᠨ <br>ᡳᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/tacibun hūwašabun tacin kūwaran -i pin in|tacibun hūwašabun tacin kūwaran -i pin in]]''</small>: hon³ jy⁵ ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠯᠣᠮᠠ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ <br>ᡠᠪᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/loma hergen ubaliyambuha guwangdung ba -i gisun|loma hergen ubaliyambuhangge]]''</small>: hon³ yu⁵ ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠨ <br>IPA}} [[Wp/mnc/nikan tacin|nikan tacin]] [[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:IPA|IPA]]^{({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ}} [[Wt/mnc/Appendix:alban -i gisun -i mudan|mudan]])}</small>: /hɔːn³³ jyː¹³/ **<small>({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡨᠠᡳ <br>ᡧᠠᠨ᠈ <br>ᡨᠠᡳ <br>ᠴᡝᠩ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/tai šan ba -i gisun (nikan gisun)|tai šan]], [[Wp/mnc/tai ceng giyai jugūn (guwangdung, giyang men)|tai ceng]]'')</small> ***<small>''[[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:nikan gisun de daljingga/guwangdung ba -i gisun/tai šan ba -i gisun|Wiktionary]]''</small>: hon¹ ngui⁴ ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠨ <br>IPA}} [[Wp/mnc/nikan tacin|nikan tacin]] [[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:IPA|IPA]]^{({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ}} [[Wt/mnc/Appendix:alban -i gisun -i mudan|mudan]])}</small>: /hᵘɔn³³ ᵑɡui²¹/ *{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡴᡝ <br>ᡤᡳᠶᠠ}} [[Wp/mnc/ke giya gisun|ke giya]] **<small>({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᡠᡳᠨ <br>ᡥᡳᠶᠠᠨ᠈ <br>ᠮᡳᠶᠣᠣ <br>ᠯᡳ <br>ᠵᠠᡳ <br>ᠨᡝᡳ <br>ᡦᡠ ᠪᡝ <br>ᠪᠠᡴᡨᠠᠮᠪᡠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/duin hiyan -i mudan (ke giya gisun)|duin hiyan]], [[Wp/mnc/miyoo li hiyan|miyoo li]] jai [[Wp/mnc/nei pu gašan (tai wan)|nei pu]] be baktambuhangge'')</small> ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠪᡝ <br>ᡥᡡᠸᠠ <br>ᡯᡳ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/ke hūwa be hūwa dzi|be hūwa dzi]]''</small>: Hon-ngî ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠯᠣᠮᠠ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/ke giya gisun -i loma hergen|loma hergen]]''</small>: hon ngi^ˊ ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡴᡝ <br>ᡤᡳᠶᠠ <br>ᡦᡳᠨ <br>ᡳᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/ke giya pin in|ke giya pin in]]''</small>: hon⁴ ngi¹ ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠨ <br>IPA}} [[Wp/mnc/nikan tacin|nikan tacin]] [[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:IPA|IPA]]^{({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ}} [[Wt/mnc/Appendix:alban -i gisun -i mudan|mudan]])}</small>: /hon⁵⁵ ŋi²⁴/ *{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ <br>ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ <br>(ᠮᡳᠨ <br>ᡩᡠᠩ)}} [[Wp/mnc/dergi fugiyan ba -i gisun|dergi fugiyan (min dung)]] **<small>({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡶᡠ <br>ᠵᡝᠣ}} ''[[Wt/mnc/fu jeo (fugiyan)|fu jeo]]'')</small> ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡦᡳᠩ <br>ᡥᡡᠸᠠ <br>ᡯᡳ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/ping hūwa dzi (min dung gisun)|ping hūwa dzi]]''</small>: Háng-ngṳ̄ ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠨ <br>IPA}} [[Wp/mnc/nikan tacin|nikan tacin]] [[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:IPA|IPA]]^{([[Wt/mnc/Appendix:alban -i gisun -i mudan|mudan]])}</small>: /haŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ŋy³³/ *{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠵᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ <br>ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ <br>(ᠮᡳᠨ <br>ᠨᠠᠨ)}} [[Wp/mnc/julergi fugiyan ba -i gisun|julergi fugiyan (min nan)]] **<small>({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ: <br>ᠵᠠᠩ <br>ᠵᡝᠣ᠈ <br>ᡬᠠᠣ <br>ᡥᡳᠣᠩ}} ''[[Wt/mnc/Wp/fugiyan golo|fugiyan]]'': ''[[Wp/mnc/jang jeo (fugiyan)|jang jeo]]'', ''[[Wp/mnc/g'ao hiong (tai wan)|g'ao hiong]]'')</small> ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠪᡝ <br>ᡥᡡᠸᠠ <br>ᡯᡳ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/be hūwa dzi (min nan gisun)|be hūwa dzi]]''</small>: Hàn-gí ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠯᠣᠮᠠ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/tai wan -i min nan gisun -i loma hergen|loma hergen]]''</small>: Hàn-gí ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡦᡠ <br>ᡧᡳ <br>ᡨᠠᡳ <br>ᠸᡝᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/pu ši tai wen (min nan gisun)|pu ši tai wen]]''</small>: harn'gie ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠵᠠᠩ <br>ᠵᡝᠣ}} [[Wp/mnc/IPA|IPA]] (''[[Wp/mnc/jang jeo (fugiyan)|jang jeo]]'')</small>: /han²¹⁻⁵³ ɡi⁵³/ ***<small>[[Wp/mnc/IPA|IPA]] ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡬᠠᠣ <br>ᡥᡳᠣᠩ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/g'ao hiong (tai wan)|g'ao hiong]]'')</small>: /han²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡi⁴¹/ **<small>(''{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ: <br>ᠴᡳᠣᠸᠠᠨ <br>ᠵᡝᠣ}} [[Wt/mnc/Wp/fugiyan golo|fugiyan]]'': ''[[Wp/mnc/ciowan jeo (fugiyan)|ciowan jeo]]'')</small> ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠪᡝ <br>ᡥᡡᠸᠠ <br>ᡯᡳ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/be hūwa dzi (min nan gisun)|be hūwa dzi]]''</small>: Hàn-gír ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠯᠣᠮᠠ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/tai wan -i min nan gisun -i loma hergen|loma hergen]]''</small>: Hàn-gír ***<small>[[Wp/mnc/IPA|IPA]] ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠴᡳᠣᠸᠠᠨ <br>ᠵᡝᠣ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/ciowan jeo (fugiyan)|ciowan jeo]]'')</small>: /han⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡɯ⁵⁵⁴/ **<small>({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ: <br>ᡥᡳᠶᠠ <br>ᠮᡝᠨ᠈ <br>ᡨᠠᡳ <br>ᠪᡝ}} ''[[Wt/mnc/Wp/fugiyan golo|fugiyan]]'': ''[[Wp/mnc/hiya men (fugiyan)|hiya men]]'', ''[[Wt/mnc/Wp/tai be (tai wan)|tai be]]'')</small> ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠪᡝ <br>ᡥᡡᠸᠠ <br>ᡯᡳ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/be hūwa dzi (min nan gisun)|be hūwa dzi]]''</small>: Hàn-gú ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠯᠣᠮᠠ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/tai wan -i min nan gisun -i loma hergen|loma hergen]]''</small>: Hàn-gú ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡦᡠ <br>ᡧᡳ <br>ᡨᠠᡳ <br>ᠸᡝᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/pu ši tai wen (min nan gisun)|pu ši tai wen]]''</small>: harn'guo ***<small>[[Wp/mnc/IPA|IPA]] ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡥᡳᠶᠠ <br>ᠮᡝᠨ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/hiya men (fugiyan)|hiya men]]'')</small>: /han²¹⁻⁵³ ɡu⁵³/ ***<small>[[Wp/mnc/IPA|IPA]] ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡨᠠᡳ <br>ᠪᡝ}} ''[[Wt/mnc/Wp/tai be (tai wan)|tai be]]'')</small>: /han¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡu⁵³/ *{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡠ}} [[Wp/mnc/u ba -i gisun|u]] **<small>({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡨᠠᡳ <br>ᡥᡡ <br>ᡨᡝᠩᡤᡳᠨ <br>(ᠠᠮᠠᡵᡤᡳ): <br>ᡧᠠᠩ <br>ᡥᠠᡳ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/tai hū tenggin -i mudan|tai hū tenggin]] (amargi)'': ''[[Wp/mnc/šang hai|šang hai]]'')</small> ***<small>''[[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:nikan gisun de daljingga/u ba -i gisun|Wugniu]]''</small>: ⁵hoe-gniu₆ ***<small>''[[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:nikan gisun de daljingga/u ba -i gisun|MiniDict]]''</small>: hoe^去 nyu^去 ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡠᡳᡴᡳ <br>ᠪᡠᠯᡝᡴᡠ <br>ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ᡳ <br>ᠯᠣᠮᠠ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ}} ''[[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:nikan gisun de daljingga/u ba -i gisun|uiki buleku bithe -i loma hergen]] (šang hai)''</small>: ²hoe-nyy₃ ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠨ <br>IPA <br>(ᡧᠠᠩ <br>ᡥᠠᡳ)}} [[Wp/mnc/nikan tacin|nikan tacin]] [[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:IPA|IPA]] (''šang hai'')</small>: /hø³³ n̠ʲy⁴⁴/ **<small>({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡨᠠᡳ <br>ᡥᡡ <br>ᡨᡝᠩᡤᡳᠨ <br>(ᠠᠮᠠᡵᡤᡳ): <br>ᡤᡳᠶᠠ <br>ᡥᡳᠩ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/tai hū tenggin -i mudan|tai hū tenggin]] (amargi)'': ''[[Wp/mnc/giya hing (jegiyang)|giya hing]]'')</small> ***<small>''[[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:nikan gisun de daljingga/u ba -i gisun|Wugniu]]''</small>: ⁵hoe-gniu₄ ***<small>''[[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:nikan gisun de daljingga/u ba -i gisun|MiniDict]]''</small>: hoe^去 nyu^上 ***<small>{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠨ <br>IPA <br>(ᡤᡳᠶᠠ <br>ᡥᡳᠩ)}} [[Wp/mnc/nikan tacin|nikan tacin]] [[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:IPA|IPA]] (''giya hing'')</small>: /hɤə⁴⁴ n̠ʲy²¹/ === {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠴᠣᡥᠣᡨᠣᡳ <br>ᡤᡝᠪᠰᡠᠨ}} (cohotoi gebsun) === :1. {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ᠉ ᡨᡝ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨ ᡩᡝ ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ ᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ ᡨᡝᠨ ᡳ ᠯᠠᠪᡩᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ᠈ ᡧᡠ ᠠᡵᠠᡵᠠ ᡩᡝ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ᠉ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡨᠠᠩᡤᡡᡨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ ᡶᡳᠰᡝᠨ ᡳ ᡥᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᠠ᠈ ᡝᡵᡝᡳ ᡶᡝᠵᡳᠯᡝ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ᠈ ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᡩᡠᠩ ᠪᠠ ᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (ᠶᡠᠸᡝᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ)᠈ ᡠ ᠪᠠ ᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (ᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ)᠈ ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (ᠮᡳᠨ ᡩᡠᠩ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ)᠈ ᠵᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (ᠮᡳᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ)᠈ ᡴᡝ ᡤᡳᠶᠠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ᠈ ᡥᡡ ᠨᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (ᠰᡳᠶᠠᠩ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ)᠈ ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩᠰᡳ ᠪᠠ ᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (ᡬᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ)᠈ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᡳ ᠪᠠ ᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ (ᠵᡳᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ) ᠰᡝᡵᡝ ᠵᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᠪᠠ ᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᠪᡳ᠉}} :[[Wt/mnc/nikan gisun|nikan gisun]]. te jalan jecen de baitalara anggala ten -i labdu gisun, šu arara de [[Wt/mnc/nikan hergen|nikan hergen]] baitalambi. [[Wp/mnc/nikan tanggūt gisun -i fisen|nikan tanggūt gisun -i fisen]] -i harangga, erei fejile [[Wp/mnc/alban -i gisun|alban -i gisun]], [[Wp/mnc/guwangdung ba -i gisun|guwang dung ba -i gisun (yuwei gisun)]], [[Wp/mnc/u ba -i gisun|u ba -i gisun (u gisun)]], [[Wp/mnc/dergi fugiyan ba -i gisun|dergi fugiyan ba -i gisun (min dung gisun)]], [[Wp/mnc/julergi fugiyan ba -i gisun|julergi fugiyan ba -i gisun (min nan gisun)]], [[Wp/mnc/ke giya gisun|ke giya gisun]], [[Wp/mnc/hū nan ba -i gisun|hū nan ba -i gisun (siyang gisun)]], [[Wp/mnc/giyangsi ba -i gisun|giyangsi ba -i gisun (g'an gisun)]], [[Wp/mnc/sansi ba -i gisun|sansi ba -i gisun (jin gisun)]] sere jergi ba -i gisun bi. ::[[Wt/mnc/說|說]][[Wt/mnc/蹩腳|蹩腳]]'''漢語'''／[[Wt/mnc/说|说]][[Wt/mnc/蹩脚|蹩脚]]'''汉语''' :::''shuō biéjiǎo '''Hànyǔ''''' :::{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡠᡵᡝᠰᡥᡡᠨ <br>ᠠᡴᡡ <br>'''ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ''' ᠪᡝ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉}} :::ureshūn akū '''nikan gisun''' be gisurembi. ::[[Wt/mnc/沉浸式|沉浸式]]'''漢語'''[[Wt/mnc/教學|教學]]／[[Wt/mnc/沉浸式|沉浸式]]'''汉语'''[[Wt/mnc/教学|教学]] :::''chénjìnshì '''Hànyǔ''' jiàoxué'' :::{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡩᡝ <br>ᠰᡳᠩᡤᡝᠪᡠᠮᡝ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠪᡠᡵᡝ᠉ <br>(ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡨᡝᡳᠯᡝ <br>ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠪᡠᡵᡝ᠉)}} :::nikan gisun de singgebume tacibure. (nikan gisun -i teile nikan gisun be tacibure.) ::[[Wt/mnc/聲調|聲調]][[Wt/mnc/在|在]]'''漢語'''[[Wt/mnc/音節|音節]][[Wt/mnc/感知|感知]][[Wt/mnc/中|中]][[Wt/mnc/的|的]][[Wt/mnc/作用|作用]] {[[Wp/mnc/nei fongge kemnehengge nikan gisun|nei fongge kemnehengge nikan gisun]], ''[[Wp/mnc/largin nikan hergen|largin.]]''} ::[[Wt/mnc/声调|声调]][[Wt/mnc/在|在]]'''汉语'''[[Wt/mnc/音节|音节]][[Wt/mnc/感知|感知]][[Wt/mnc/中|中]][[Wt/mnc/的|的]][[Wt/mnc/作用|作用]] {[[Wp/mnc/nei fongge kemnehengge nikan gisun|nei fongge kemnehengge nikan gisun]], ''[[Wp/mnc/šolokon nikan hergen|šolokon.]]''} :::''shēngdiào zài '''Hànyǔ''' yīnjié gǎnzhī zhōng de zuòyòng'' {[[Wp/mnc/nikan gisun -i pin in|pin in]]} :::{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|'''ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ''' ᡳ <br>ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠰᡠ ᠪᡝ <br>ᠰᡝᡵᡝᠪᡠᡵᡝ ᡩᡝ <br>ᠵᡳᠯᡤᠠᠨ <br>ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠᠯᠠᠪᡠᠨ}} :::'''nikan gisun''' -i mudasu be serebure de jilgan mudan -i baitalabun ::[[Wt/mnc/你|你]][[Wt/mnc/會|會]][[Wt/mnc/說|說]]'''漢語'''[[Wt/mnc/嗎|嗎]]？／[[Wt/mnc/你|你]][[Wt/mnc/会|会]][[Wt/mnc/说|说]]'''汉语'''[[Wt/mnc/吗|吗]]？ :::''Nǐ huì shuō '''Hànyǔ''' ma?'' :::{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠰᡳ <br>'''ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ''' <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᡝ <br>ᠪᠠᡥᠠᠨᠠᠮᠪᡳᠣ?}} :::si '''nikan gisun''' gisureme bahanambio? ::[[Wt/mnc/她|她]][[Wt/mnc/既|既]][[Wt/mnc/會|會]][[Wt/mnc/說|說]][[Wt/mnc/英語|英語]][[Wt/mnc/又|又]][[Wt/mnc/會|會]][[Wt/mnc/說|說]]'''漢語'''。 {[[Wp/mnc/nei fongge kemnehengge nikan gisun|nei fongge kemnehengge nikan gisun]], ''[[Wp/mnc/largin nikan hergen|largin.]]''} ::[[Wt/mnc/她|她]][[Wt/mnc/既|既]][[Wt/mnc/会|会]][[Wt/mnc/说|说]][[Wt/mnc/英语|英语]][[Wt/mnc/又|又]][[Wt/mnc/会|会]][[Wt/mnc/说|说]]'''汉语'''。 {[[Wp/mnc/nei fongge kemnehengge nikan gisun|nei fongge kemnehengge nikan gisun]], ''[[Wp/mnc/šolokon nikan hergen|šolokon.]]''} ::''Tā jì huì shuō Yīngyǔ yòu huì shuō '''Hànyǔ'''.'' {[[Wp/mnc/nikan gisun -i pin in|pin in]]} :::{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡳ <br>ᡳᠩᡤᡳᡵᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᡝ <br>ᠪᠠᡥᠠᠨᠠᡵᠠ <br>ᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᠠ᠈ <br>'''ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ''' <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᡝ <br>ᠪᠠᡥᠠᠨᠠᠮᠪᡳ᠉}} :::i inggiri gisun gisureme bahanara anggala, '''nikan gisun''' gisureme bahanambi. ::[[Wt/mnc/學習|學習]]'''漢語'''[[Wt/mnc/發音|發音]][[Wt/mnc/一定|一定]][[Wt/mnc/要|要]][[Wt/mnc/分|分]][[Wt/mnc/清楚|清楚]][[Wt/mnc/調類|調類]]。 {[[Wp/mnc/nei fongge kemnehengge nikan gisun|nei fongge kemnehengge nikan gisun]], ''[[Wp/mnc/largin nikan hergen|largin.]]''} ::[[Wt/mnc/学习|学习]]'''汉语'''[[Wt/mnc/发音|发音]][[Wt/mnc/一定|一定]][[Wt/mnc/要|要]][[Wt/mnc/分|分]][[Wt/mnc/清楚|清楚]][[Wt/mnc/调类|调类]]。 {[[Wp/mnc/nei fongge kemnehengge nikan gisun|nei fongge kemnehengge nikan gisun]], ''[[Wp/mnc/šolokon nikan hergen|šolokon.]]''} :::''Xuéxí hànyǔ fāyīn yīdìng yào fēn qīngchǔ diàolèi.'' {[[Wp/mnc/nikan gisun -i pin in|pin in]]} :::{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|'''ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ''' ᡳ <br>ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ ᠪᡝ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᡵᡝ ᡩᡝ <br>ᡠᡵᡠᠨᠠᡴᡡ <br>ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡩᡠᠸᠠᠯᡳ ᠪᡝ <br>ᡳᠯᡤᠠᠪᡠᠴᡳ <br>ᠠᠴᠠᠮᠪᡳ᠉}} :::'''nikan gisun''' -i mudan be tacire de urunakū mudan -i duwali be ilgabuci acambi. ==== {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ <br>ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ}} (baitalara kooli) ==== {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ ᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᠵᠣᡵᡳᠮᡝ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᡩᡝ ᡩᠠᡵᡠᡥᠠᡳ [[Wt/mnc/漢語|漢語]]／[[Wt/mnc/汉语|汉语]] ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉ [[Wt/mnc/普通話|普通話]]／[[Wt/mnc/普通话|普通话]] (ᡴᡝᠮᡠᠨᡝᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ)᠈ ᠴᠣᡥᠣᡨᠣᡳ [[Wt/mnc/現代漢語|現代漢語]]／[[Wt/mnc/现代汉语|现代汉语]] (ᠨᡝᡳ ᡶᠣᠩᡤᡝ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ) ᠪᡝ ᠵᠣᡵᡳᠮᡝ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳᡥᡝᡩᡝ ᡳᠨᡠ [[Wt/mnc/漢語|漢語]]／[[Wt/mnc/汉语|汉语]] ᠰᡝᠮᡝ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉<br>ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡩᡝ ᡨᡝᡥᡝ ᡤᡝᡵᡝᠨ ᡴᠣᠮᠰᠣ ᡨᠣᠨ ᡳ ᡠᡴᠰᡠᡵᠠᠮᡝᡳᠮᡝᠨᡳ ᡠᡴᠰᡠᡵᠠᡳ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡳᠯᡤᠠᠪᡠᡵᡝ ᠵᠠᠯᡳᠨ᠈ ᡩᠠᡵᡠᡥᠠᡳ ᡴᡝᠮᡠᠨᡝᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ [[Wt/mnc/漢語|漢語]]／[[Wt/mnc/汉语|汉语]] ᠰᡝᠮᡝ ᡥᡡᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ᠉}}<br> nikan gisun -i angga gisun be jorime gisurembihede daruhai [[Wt/mnc/漢語|漢語]]／[[Wt/mnc/汉语|汉语]] (''[[Wt/mnc/Hànyǔ|Hànyǔ]]'') sembi. [[Wt/mnc/普通話|普通話]]／[[Wt/mnc/普通话|普通话]] (''[[Wt/mnc/Pǔtōnghuà|Pǔtōnghuà]]'', "[[Wt/mnc/kemnehengge nikan gisun|kemnehengge nikan gisun]]"), cohotoi [[Wt/mnc/現代漢語|現代漢語]]／[[Wt/mnc/现代汉语|现代汉语]] (''xiàndài hànyǔ'', "[[Wt/mnc/nei fongge nikan gisun|nei fongge nikan gisun]]") be jorime gisurembihede inu [[Wt/mnc/漢語|漢語]]／[[Wt/mnc/汉语|汉语]] (''[[Wt/mnc/Hànyǔ|Hànyǔ]]'') seme gisurembi. dulimbai gurun de tehe geren komso ton -i uksura meimeni uksurai niyamangga gisun nikan gisun be ilgabure jalin, daruhai [[Wt/mnc/kemnehengge nikan gisun|kemnehengge nikan gisun]] be [[Wt/mnc/漢語|漢語]]／[[Wt/mnc/汉语|汉语]] (''Hànyǔ'') seme hūlambi. ==== {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ}} (adalikan gibsun) ==== *[[Wt/mnc/中國話|中國話]]/[[Wt/mnc/中国话|中国话]] (Zhōngguóhuà) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|「ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ <br>ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ」}} "dulimbai gurun -i gisun") *[[Wt/mnc/中國語|中國語]]/[[Wt/mnc/中国语|中国语]] (Zhōngguóyǔ) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᡝ <br>ᡴᠣᠮᠰᠣ᠈ <br>「ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ <br>ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ」}} ''baitalarangge komso'', "dulimbai gurun -i gisun") *[[Wt/mnc/中文|中文]] (Zhōngwén) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|「ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ <br>ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ」}} "dulimbai gurun -i hergen") *[[Wt/mnc/漢文|漢文]]/[[Wt/mnc/汉文|汉文]] (Hànwén) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ᠈ <br>「ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ」}} ''bithei gisun'', "nikan -i hergen") *[[Wt/mnc/華文|華文]]/[[Wt/mnc/华文|华文]] (Huáwén) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|「ᠵᡠᠩᡥᡡᠸᠠ/ <br>ᡥᡡᠸᠠ <br>ᡥᡳᠶᠠ ᡳ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ」}} "junghūwa/hūwa hiya -i hergen") *[[Wt/mnc/華語文|華語文]]/[[Wt/mnc/华语文|华语文]] (huáyǔwén) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|「ᠵᡠᠩᡥᡡᠸᠠ/ <br>ᡥᡡᠸᠠ <br>ᡥᡳᠶᠠ ᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ」}} "junghūwa/hūwa hiya -i gisun hergen") ==== {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡶᡠᠰᡝᡴᡝ <br>ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ}} (fuseke gibsun) ==== *[[Wt/mnc/上古漢語|上古漢語]]/[[Wt/mnc/上古汉语|上古汉语]] (shànggǔ hànyǔ) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᡝᡵᡤᡳ <br>ᠵᡠᠯᡤᡝᡳ <br>ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} "dergi julgei nikan gisun") *[[Wt/mnc/中古漢語|中古漢語]]/[[Wt/mnc/中古汉语|中古汉语]] (zhōnggǔ hànyǔ) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ <br>ᠵᡠᠯᡤᡝᡳ <br>ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} "dulimbai julgei nikan gisun") *[[Wt/mnc/古代漢語|古代漢語]]/[[Wt/mnc/古代汉语|古代汉语]] (gǔdài hànyǔ) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠵᡠᠯᡤᡝᡳ <br>ᡶᠣᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} "julgei fon -i nikan gisun") *[[Wt/mnc/古漢語|古漢語]]/[[Wt/mnc/古汉语|古汉语]] (gǔhànyǔ) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠵᡠᠯᡤᡝᡳ <br>ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} "julgei nikan gisun") *[[Wt/mnc/對外漢語|對外漢語]]/[[Wt/mnc/对外汉语|对外汉语]] (duìwài hànyǔ) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ <br>ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ ᡩᡝ <br>ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠪᡠᡵᡝ <br>ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} "tulergi gurun -i niyalma de tacibure nikan gisun") *[[Wt/mnc/漢語拼音|漢語拼音]]/[[Wt/mnc/汉语拼音|汉语拼音]] (hànyǔ pīnyīn) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡦᡳᠨ <br>ᡳᠨ}} "nikan gisun -i pin in") *[[Wt/mnc/漢語水平考試|漢語水平考試]]/[[Wt/mnc/汉语水平考试|汉语水平考试]] (Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠮᡠᡴᡝᠨᡝᠴᡳᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠰᡳᠮᠨᡝᠨ}} "nikan gisun -i mukenecin -i simnen") *[[Wt/mnc/漢辦|漢辦]]/[[Wt/mnc/汉办|汉办]] (Hànbàn) ([[Wt/mnc/國家|國家]]漢語[[Wt/mnc/國際|國際]][[Wt/mnc/推廣|推廣]][[Wt/mnc/領導|領導]][[Wt/mnc/小組|小組]][[Wt/mnc/辦公室|辦公室]]／[[Wt/mnc/国家|国家]][[Wt/mnc/汉语|汉语]][[Wt/mnc/国际|国际]][[Wt/mnc/推广|推广]][[Wt/mnc/领导|领导]][[Wt/mnc/小组|小组]][[Wt/mnc/办公室|办公室]] (Guójiā Hànyǔ Guójì Tuīguǎng Lǐngdǎo Xiǎozǔ Bàngōngshì, {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|「ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ <br>ᠪᠣᠣ <br>ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ <br>ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠰᡳᡩᡝᠨ ᡩᡝ <br>ᠠᠨᠠᠮᡝ <br>ᠰᡝᠯᡤᡳᠶᡝᡵᡝ ᠪᡝ <br>ᠶᠠᡵᡠᠮᡝ <br>ᡳᠪᡝᠪᡠᡵᡝ <br>ᠠᠵᡳᡤᡝ <br>ᠠᠩᡤᡳ ᡳ <br>ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠪᠣᠣ」 ᡳ<br>ᡧᠣᠯᠣᡴᠣᠨ <br>ᡤᡝᠪᡠ}} "gurun boo nikan gisun be gurun -i siden de aname selgiyere be yarume ibebure ajige anggi -i alban -i boo") -i šolokon gebu) *[[Wt/mnc/現代漢語|現代漢語]]/[[Wt/mnc/现代汉语|现代汉语]] (xiàndài hànyǔ) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡝᡳ <br>ᡶᠣᠩᡤᡝ <br>ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} "nei fongge nikan gisun") *[[Wt/mnc/胡言漢語|胡言漢語]]/[[Wt/mnc/胡言汉语|胡言汉语]] (húyánhànyǔ) ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠮᠠᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ}} "balamai gisurembi") ==== {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᠠᠯᠵᡳᠩᡤᠠ <br>ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ}} (daljingga gibsun) ==== *[[Wt/mnc/國語|國語]]／[[Wt/mnc/国语|国语]] (''guóyǔ'') ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} "gurun -i gisun") *[[Wt/mnc/普通話|普通話]]／[[Wt/mnc/普通话|普通话]] (''Pǔtōnghuà'') ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡴᡝᠮᠨᡝᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ <br>ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} "kemnehengge nikan gisun") *[[Wt/mnc/中國話|中國話]]／[[Wt/mnc/中国话|中国话]] (''Zhōngguóhuà'') ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ <br>ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} "dulimbai gurun -i gisun") *[[Wt/mnc/中文|中文]] (''Zhōngwén'') ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ <br>ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ}} "dulimbai gurun -i hergen") == {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡰᡳ <br>ᠪᡝᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} (ži ben gisun) == === {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠰᡝᡴᡳᠶᡝᠨ}} (sekiyen) === {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ <br>ᠵᡠᠯᡤᡝᡳ <br>ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>「漢語」 <br>ᡩᡝᡵᡳ <br>ᠵᡳᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ᠉}}<br> [[Wp/mnc/dulimbai julgei nikan gisun|dulimbai julgei nikan gisun]] -i [[Wt/mnc/漢語|漢語]] ([[Wp/mnc/Baxter -i ubaliyambuha dulimbai julgei nikan gisun|Baxter]]: ''xanH ngjoX'', "[[Wt/mnc/nikan|nikan]] (pl. [[Wt/mnc/nikasa|nikasa]]/[[Wt/mnc/nikansa|nikansa]]) + [[Wt/mnc/gisun|gisun]]") deri jihengge. [[Category:Wt/mnc]] === {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ}} (mudan) === * ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡨᠣᡴᡳᠶᠣ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/tokiyo ba -i gisun|tokiyo]]'') [[Wt/mnc/かんご|かんご]], [kàńgó] ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡥᡝᡳᠪᠠᠨ <br>(ᠨᡝᠴᡳᠨ <br>ᡠᠨᡩᡝᡥᡝᠨ)}} heiban (necin undehen) – [0]) * [[Wt/mnc/Wiktionary:IPA|IPA]]^{{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ}} ([[Wt/mnc/Appendix:ži ben gisun -i mudan|mudan]])}: [kã̠ŋɡo̞] * ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡴᡳᠶᠣᡨᠣ}} ''[[Wp/mnc/kansai ba -i gisun|kiyoto]]'') [[Wt/mnc/かんご|かんご]], [kàǹgó] ({{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡨᡝᡳᡴᡳ <br>(ᡶᠠᠩᡴᠠᠯᠠ <br>ᡩᡝᡴᡩᡝᡵᡝ)}} teiki (fangkala dekdere) – [0]) === {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠴᠣᡥᠣᡨᠣᡳ <br>ᡤᡝᠪᠰᡠᠨ}} (cohotoi gebsun) === :1. {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|(ᡰᡳ ᠪᡝᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ) <br>ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡥᡡᠯᠠᡵᠠ <br>ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ᠈ <br>ᡠᡨᡥᠠᡳ <br>ᠵᡠᠯᡤᡝᡳ <br>ᡶᠣᠨᡩᡝ <br>ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ <br>ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡩᡝᡵᡳ <br>ᡠᠯᠠᠨᠵᡳᡶᡳ <br>ᡰᡳ <br>ᠪᡝᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡝᠮᡠ <br>ᡠᠪᡠ <br>ᠣᠪᡠᡥᠠ <br>ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡳ <br>ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ᠉ <br>「ᠸᠠᡤᠣ」 <br>([[Wt/mnc/和語|和語]]᠈ <br>[[Wt/mnc/わご|わご]]) ᡩᡝ <br>ᠪᠠᡴᠴᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᡝ᠉}}<ref>新村出編. 広辞苑 第二版補訂版. 岩波書店. 1976:488頁<br> {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠰᡳᠨᠮᡠᡵᠠ <br>ᡳᡯᡠᡵᡠ ᡳ <br>ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᠪᡠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ᠈ <br>ᡴᡝᠣᠵᡳ᠇ᡝᠨ᠈ <br>2 ᠴᡳ <br>ᠪᠠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠨᡳᠶᡝᠴᡝᠮᡝ <br>ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠪᡠᡥᠠ <br>ᠪᠠᠨ᠈ <br>ᡳᠸᠠᠨᠠᠮᡳ <br>ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝᡳ <br>ᡦᡠᠰᡝᠯᡳ᠈ <br>1976᠈ <br>488 ᠴᡳ <br>ᠠᡶᠠᡥᠠ}}<br> sinmura idzuru -i banjibuhangge. keoji'en, 2 ci ban -i niyeceme dasabuha ban. iwanami bithei puseli. 1976:488 ci afaha</ref> :([[Wp/mnc/ži ben gisun|''ži ben gisun'']]) [[Wt/mnc/kango (ži ben gisun)|kango]], [[Wt/mnc/nikan hergen|nikan hergen]] -i mudan -i hūlara gibsun, uthai julgei fonde dulimbai gurun deri ulanjifi ži ben gisun -i emu ubu obuha nikan hergen -i gibsun. [[Wt/mnc/wago (ži ben gisun)|wago]] ([[Wt/mnc/和語|和語]], [[Wt/mnc/わご|わご]]) de bakcilarangge. :2. {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ᠉ <br>ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨᠰᠠ ᡳ <br>ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ <br>ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ᠉}}<ref>新村出編. 広辞苑 第二版補訂版. 岩波書店. 1976:488頁<br> {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠰᡳᠨᠮᡠᡵᠠ <br>ᡳᡯᡠᡵᡠ ᡳ <br>ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᠪᡠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ᠈ <br>ᡴᡝᠣᠵᡳ᠇ᡝᠨ᠈ <br>2 ᠴᡳ <br>ᠪᠠᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠨᡳᠶᡝᠴᡝᠮᡝ <br>ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠪᡠᡥᠠ <br>ᠪᠠᠨ᠈ <br>ᡳᠸᠠᠨᠠᠮᡳ <br>ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝᡳ <br>ᡦᡠᠰᡝᠯᡳ᠈ <br>1976᠈ <br>488 ᠴᡳ <br>ᠠᡶᠠᡥᠠ}}<br> sinmura idzuru -i banjibuhangge. keoji'en, 2 ci ban -i niyeceme dasabuha ban. iwanami bithei puseli. 1976:488 ci afaha</ref> :[[Wt/mnc/nikan gisun|nikan gisun]]. nikasa -i baitalara gisun. ==== {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ <br>ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ}} (baitalara kooli) ==== {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|「ᡴᠠᠨᡤᠣ」 ([[Wt/mnc/漢語|漢語]]) ᠰᡝᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ ᡩᠠᡵᡠᡥᠠᡳ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡳ ᠠᡵᠠᠮᡝ 「ᠣᠨ ᠶᠣᠮᡳ」 ([[Wt/mnc/音読み|音読み]]) ᡳ ᡥᡡᠯᠠᡵᠠᠩᡤᡝ᠉ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᠵᠠᡳ ᡴᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᡝ ᡴᠠᠮᠴᡳᠪᡠᠮᡝ ᡝᡳᠴᡳ ᡴᠠᠨᠠ ᡳ ᡨᡝᡳᠯᡝ ᠠᡵᠠᠮᡝ᠈ 「ᡴᡠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮᡳ」([[Wt/mnc/訓読み|訓読み]]) ᡳ ᡥᡡᠯᠠᡵᠠ 「ᠸᠠᡤᠣ」([[Wt/mnc/和語|和語]]) ᡩᡝ ᠪᠠᡴᠴᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ᠉<br> 「ᡴᠠᠨᡤᠣ」 ᠰᡝᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ ᠵᡠᠯᡤᡝᡳ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡩᡝᡵᡳ ᠵᡠᠸᡝᠨ ᡤᠠᡳᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ᠉ ᠴᡝᠨᡳ ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠᠯᠠᠪᡠᡵᡝ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠴᡳ:<br> 1. ᠴᡝᠨᡳ ᡩᠠᠴᡳ ᠪᡳᡥᡝ ᡤᡡᠨᡳᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡴᡝᠮᡠᠨᡳ ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠᠯᠠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ: [[Wt/mnc/天|天]] ([[Wt/mnc/てん|てん]]᠈ ''ten''᠈ 「ᠠᠪᡴᠠ」)᠈ [[Wt/mnc/天下|天下]] ([[Wt/mnc/てんか|てんか]]᠈ ''tenka''᠈ 「ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ ᡶᡝᠵᡳᠯᡝ」)᠈ [[Wt/mnc/菩薩|菩薩]] ([[Wt/mnc/ぼさつ|ぼさつ]]᠈ ''bosatsu''᠈ 「ᠪᡠᡨ᠌ᢡᢇ」) ᠰᡝᡵᡝ ᠵᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ;<br> 2. ᠸᠠᡵᡤᡳ ᠨᠠᠮᡠ ᠴᡳ ᠵᡳᡥᡝ ᠵᠠᡴᠠ ᠪᡝ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡩᡝ ᡩᠠᡥᡡᠮᡝ ᡠᠪᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ: [[Wt/mnc/社会|社会]] ([[Wt/mnc/しゃかい|しゃかい]]᠈ ''shakai''᠈ 「ᡤᡝᡵᡝᠨᡠᠰᡠ」)᠈ [[Wt/mnc/文化|文化]] ([[Wt/mnc/ぶんか|ぶんか]]᠈ ''bunka''᠈ 「ᡧᡠ ᠸᡝᠨ」)᠈ [[Wt/mnc/博士|博士]] ([[Wt/mnc/はくし|はくし]]᠈ ''hakushi'') ᠰᡝᡵᡝ ᠵᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ;<br> 3. ᠵᡠᠯᡤᡝᡳ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠰᡠ᠈ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡳ ᠰᠣᠩᡴᠣᡳ ᡳᠴᡝ ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ: [[Wt/mnc/出超|出超]] ([[Wt/mnc/しゅっちょう|しゅっちょう]]᠈ ''shutchō'')᠈ [[Wt/mnc/腺|腺]] ([[Wt/mnc/せん|せん]]᠈ ''sen'') ᠰᡝᡵᡝ ᠵᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ᠉ ᡝᠮᡠ ᠴᡳ ᠯᠠᠪᡩᡠ ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠰᡠ ᠪᡝ ᡴᠠᠮᠴᡳᠪᡠᠮᡝ ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ 「ᠸᠠᠰᡝᡳ ᡴᠠᠨᡤᠣ」 ([[Wt/mnc/和製漢語|和製漢語]]) ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠈ ᡰᡳ ᠪᡝᠨ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠᡳ ᡳᠴᡝ ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡴᠣᡴᡠᠵᡳ ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉<br> ᡰᡳ ᠪᡝᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ ᡠᡩᡠ ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡩᡝᡵᡳ ᠵᡳᡥᡝᠩᡤᡝ ᠰᡝᠴᡳᠪᡝ᠈ 「ᡴᠠᠨᡤᠣ」 ᠸᠠᡴᠠ: [[Wt/mnc/北京|北京]] ([[Wt/mnc/ペキン|ペキン]]᠈ ''Pekin''᠈ 「ᠪᡝᡤᡳᠩ」), [[Wt/mnc/上海|上海]] ([[Wt/mnc/シャンハイ|シャンハイ]]᠈ ''Shanhai''᠈ 「ᡧᠠᠩ ᡥᠠᡳ」) ᠰᡝᡵᡝ ᠵᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ ᡠᡨᡥᠠᡳ ᡝᡵᡝ ᡤᡝᠰᡝ᠈ ᡝᠰᡝ ᡤᡝᠮᡠ ᠨᡝᡳ ᡶᠣᠩᡤᡝ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ ᡩᡝᡵᡳ ᠵᡠᠸᡝᠨ ᡤᠠᡳᡥᠠ 「ᡤᠠᡳᡵᠠᡳᡤᠣ」 ([[Wt/mnc/外来語|外来語]]᠈ 「ᡨᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ (ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ) ᠴᡳ ᠵᡳᡥᡝ ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ」) ᡳ ᡝᠮᡠ ᡥᠠᠴᡳᠨ᠉<br> [[Wt/mnc/銭|銭]] ([[Wt/mnc/ぜに|ぜに]]᠈ ''zeni''᠈ 「ᠵᡳᡥᠠ」)᠈ [[Wt/mnc/博士|博士]] ([[Wt/mnc/はかせ|はかせ]]᠈ ''hakase'') ᠰᡝᡵᡝ ᠵᡝᡵᡤᡳ ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ ᡤᡝᠮᡠ ᠴᡝᠨᡩᡝ ᠠᠴᠠᠨᠠᡵᠠ ᠨᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ ᡳ ᠮᡠᡩᠠᠨ ᡳ ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ ᡩᡝ ᠠᠴᠠᠨᠠᡵᠠᡴᡡ ᠪᡝ ᡩᠠᡥᠠᠮᡝ᠈ ᡳᠨᡠ 「ᡴᠠᠨᡤᠣ」 ᠸᠠᡴᠠ᠉}} "kango" ([[Wt/mnc/漢語|漢語]]) serengge daruhai nikan hergen -i arame ''on yomi'' ([[Wt/mnc/音読み|音読み]]) -i hūlarangge. nikan hergen jai [[Wp/mnc/kana (ži ben gisun)|kana]] be kamcibume eici kana -i teile arame, ''kun yomi'' ([[Wt/mnc/訓読み|訓読み]]) -i hūlara "wago" ([[Wt/mnc/和語|和語]]) de bakcilambi. "kango" serengge [[Wp/mnc/julgei nikan gisun|julgei nikan gisun]] deri juwen gaihangge. ceni baitalabure ba oci: # ceni daci bihe gūnin be kemuni baitalahangge: [[Wt/mnc/天|天]] ([[Wt/mnc/てん|てん]], ''ten'', "[[Wt/mnc/abka|abka]]"), [[Wt/mnc/天下|天下]] ([[Wt/mnc/てんか|てんか]], ''tenka'', "[[Wt/mnc/abkai fejile|abkai fejile]]"), [[Wt/mnc/菩薩|菩薩]] ([[Wt/mnc/ぼさつ|ぼさつ]], ''bosatsu'', "[[Wt/mnc/butdha|butdha]]") sere jergi gibsun; # [[Wt/mnc/wargi namu|wargi namu]] ci jihe jaka be nikan hergen de dahūme ubaliyambuhangge: [[Wt/mnc/社会|社会]] ([[Wt/mnc/しゃかい|しゃかい]], ''shakai'', "[[Wt/mnc/gerenusu|gerenusu]]"), [[Wt/mnc/文化|文化]] ([[Wt/mnc/ぶんか|ぶんか]], ''bunka'', "[[Wt/mnc/šu wen|šu wen]]"), [[Wt/mnc/博士|博士]] ([[Wt/mnc/はくし|はくし]], ''hakushi'') sere jergi gibsun; # julgei nikan gisun -i mudasu, hergen -i songkoi ice arahangge: [[Wt/mnc/出超|出超]] ([[Wt/mnc/しゅっちょう|しゅっちょう]], ''shutchō''), [[Wt/mnc/腺|腺]] ([[Wt/mnc/せん|せん]], ''sen'') sere jergi gibsun. emu ci labdu mudasu be kamcibume araha gibsun be [[Wp/mnc/wasei kango|wasei kango]] ([[Wt/mnc/和製漢語|和製漢語]]) sembi, ži ben niyalmai ice araha nikan hergen be [[Wp/mnc/kokuji (ži ben gisun)|kokuji]] ([[Wt/mnc/国字|国字]]) sembi. ži ben gisun -i dorgi udu gibsun nikan gisun deri jihengge secibe, "kango" waka: [[Wt/mnc/北京|北京]] ([[Wt/mnc/ペキン|ペキン]], ''Pekin'', "[[Wt/mnc/beging|beging]]"), [[Wt/mnc/上海|上海]] ([[Wt/mnc/シャンハイ|シャンハイ]], ''Shanhai'', "[[Wt/mnc/šang hai|šang hai]]") sere jergi gibsun uthai ere gese, ese gemu nei fongge nikan gisun deri juwen gaiha [[Wp/mnc/gairaigo (ži ben gisun)|"gairaigo"]] ([[Wt/mnc/外来語|外来語]], "[[Wt/mnc/tulergi gurun|tulergi (gurun)]] ci jihe [[Wt/mnc/gibsun|gibsun]]") -i emu hacin. [[Wt/mnc/銭|銭]] ([[Wt/mnc/ぜに|ぜに]], ''zeni'', "[[Wt/mnc/jiha|jiha]]"), [[Wt/mnc/博士|博士]] ([[Wt/mnc/はかせ|はかせ]], ''hakase'') sere jergi gibsun gemu cende acanara nikan gibsun -i mudan -i kooli de acanarakū be dahame, inu "kango" waka. ※{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|「ᠪᡠᡨ᠌ᢡᢇ」 <br>ᠰᡝᡵᡝᠩᡤᡝ <br>ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ <br>ᠨᠣᠮᡠᠨ ᡩᡝ <br>ᡨᡠᠴᡳᡴᡝ <br>ᠠᠯᡳ <br>ᡬᠠᠯᡳ <br>ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ ᡳ <br>ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠ <br>ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ <br>ᠣᡶᡳ᠈ <br>ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ <br>ᡧᠠᠨᠶᠠᠨ ᡩᡝ <br>ᡳᠯᡝᡨᡠᠯᡝᠪᡠᠮᡝ <br>ᠮᡠᡨᡝᡵᠠᡴᡡ᠈ <br>Mongolian <br>Baiti ᡩᡝ <br>ᡨᡝᠨᡳ <br>ᡳᠯᡝᡨᡠᠯᡝᠪᡠᠮᡝ <br>ᠮᡠᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉}} ※{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|lang=mn|ᠪᡠᡨ᠌ᢡᢇ}} (butdha) serengge fucihi nomun de tucike [[Wt/mnc/ali g'ali hergen|ali g'ali hergen]] -i araha gibsun ofi, [[Wp/mnc/abkai šanyan|abkai šanyan]] de iletulebume muterakū, [[Wp/mnc/Mongolian Baiti|Mongolian Baiti]] de teni iletulebume mutembi. ==== {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳᡴᠠᠨ <br>ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ}} (adalikan gibsun) ==== *[[Wt/mnc/字音語|字音語]] ([[Wt/mnc/じおんご|じおんご]], ''jiongo'') ==== {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠪᠠᡴᠴᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠ <br>ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ}} (bakcilara gibsun) ==== *[[Wt/mnc/和語|和語]] ([[Wt/mnc/わご|わご]], ''wago'') *[[Wt/mnc/外来語|外来語]] ([[Wt/mnc/がいらいご|がいらいご]], ''gairaigo'') **[[Wt/mnc/和製外来語|和製外来語]] ([[Wt/mnc/わせいがいらいご|わせいがいらいご]], ''wasei gairaigo'') ***[[Wt/mnc/和製英語|和製英語]] ([[Wt/mnc/わせいえいご|わせいえいご]], ''wasei Eigo'') ==== {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡩᠠᠯᠵᡳᠩᡤᠠ <br>ᡤᡳᠪᠰᡠᠨ}} (daljingga gibsun) ==== *[[Wt/mnc/音読み|音読み]] ([[Wt/mnc/おんよみ|おんよみ]], ''on'yomi'') *[[Wt/mnc/中国語|中国語]] ([[Wt/mnc/ちゅうごくご|ちゅうごくご]], ''Chūgokugo'') === {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠ <br>ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ <br>ᠴᠠᡤᠠᠨ}} (aisilara bithe cagan) === <references/> ---- [[Category:Wt/mnc|n]] [[Category:Wt/mnc/nikan gisun|m]] [[Category:Wt/mnc/nikan gisun -i gibsun|m]] [[Category:Wt/mnc/nikan gisun -i cohotoi gebsun|m]] [[Category:Wt/mnc/žiben gisun|m]] [[Category:Wt/mnc/žiben gisun -i gibsun|m]] [[Category:Wt/mnc/žiben gisun -i cohotoi gebsun|m]] 5350mxxanqm7xogf23eylwlouqe881c 0 2866155 7240673 4931351 2026-07-06T06:32:55Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240673 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=语言}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gisun|gisun]] q57kcggfbubnbronzeou7qe891z6b0r 0 3086862 7240805 5796355 2026-07-06T09:53:04Z Soy20 2653919 7240805 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''Eksarkado sang Filipinas''' ([[Wp/hil/Inespanyol|Inespanyol]]: ''Exarcado de Filipinas''; [[Wp/hil/Ininggles|Ininggles]]: ''Exarchate of the Philippines'') amo ang hurisdiksiyong [[Wp/hil/Pilipinas|Pilipinhon]] sang [[Wp/hil/Patriyarkadong Ekumeniko sg Konstantinopla|Patriyarkadong Ekumeniko sang Konstantinopla]], gobernado sang [[Wp/hil/Metropolitanatong Ortodokso sg Hongkong kag Bagatnang-Sidlangang Asya|Metropolitanato sang Hongkong kag Bagatnan-Sidlangang Asya]].<ref>http://www.omhksea.org/metropolis-of-hong-kong</ref> ==Mga Referensya== {{wp/hil/reflist}} ==Mga eksternong enlase== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210121122315/http://www.orthodoxchurchinphilippines.omhksea.org/ Ofisyal nga sityo] *[http://www.orthodoxchurchinasia.com/ Ortodoksiya sa Malayong Sidlangan] [[Category:Wp/hil/Kristiyanismo]] [[Category:Wp/hil/Pilipinas]] [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3544841}} 9i8bos4oqkcoyeo2mnu9dymmb35bxh8 0 3154658 7240296 5060845 2026-07-05T15:34:07Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7240296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Wp/mnc/name}} [[File:Flag of the King of Korea (1882–1907).svg|thumb|coohiyan i gūsa]] '''coohiyan''' ([[Wp/mnc/solho gisun|solho gisun]] : 조선, nikan hergen : 朝鮮/朝鲜) oci dergi asia de bihe emu gurun. erin (1392 aniya ~ 1897 aniya) ==daljingga== *[[Wp/mnc/solho|solho]] ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/gurun|*]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/dergi yasiya -i gurun]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/yasiya jubki -i gurun]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/1392-ci aniya de ilibuha gurun]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/1897-ci aniya de gukuhe gurun]] 3b5fdwwj7wixhxki6hfx1w1ozu04iok 7240298 7240296 2026-07-05T15:34:39Z Sekiyen 2692190 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q28179]] 7240298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Wp/mnc/name}} [[File:Flag of the King of Korea (1882–1907).svg|thumb|coohiyan i gūsa]] '''coohiyan''' ([[Wp/mnc/solho gisun|solho gisun]] : 조선, nikan hergen : 朝鮮/朝鲜) oci dergi asia de bihe emu gurun. erin (1392 aniya ~ 1897 aniya) ==daljingga== *[[Wp/mnc/solho|solho]] ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/gurun|*]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/dergi yasiya -i gurun]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/yasiya jubki -i gurun]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/1392-ci aniya de ilibuha gurun]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/1897-ci aniya de gukuhe gurun]] {{INTERWIKI|Q28179}} 0kg9oci7z86psiyv8cx8wuv7qgdxn60 0 3159237 7240574 7189900 2026-07-05T22:51:47Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7240574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mnc/TwinMNC-Trad|ᡶᡝᠮᡳᠨᡳᠰᠮᠣ}} [[File:Le deuxième sexe.jpg|thumb|juweci baningge]] '''feminismo''' eici '''hehe yoson''' ([[Wp/mnc/inggiri gisun|inggiri gisun]] : feminism) oci [[Wp/mnc/hehe|hehe]] i gūnijan. uttu oci gūnijan be gaira niyalma be '''feministe''' sembi. ==daljingga== *[[Wp/mnc/rebekka solnit|rebekka solnit]] *[[Wp/mnc/Simone de Beauvoir|Simone de Beauvoir]] *[[Wp/mnc/Judith Butler|Judith Butler]] *''Mary Wollstonecraft'' ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc/juii|*]] [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7252}} rncea1u649zkx21b8z1qb2mfsrswqoq 0 3165928 7240270 5795324 2026-07-05T15:04:54Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7240270 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cicero - Musei Capitolini.JPG|thumb|cicero]] '''marcus tullius cicero''' (jilgan : markus tulius kikëro, BC 106 aniya 1 biya 3 inenggi - BC 43 aniya 12 biya 7 ineggi) roma erin i dasamsi, xu tacimsi, sultucimsi inu. ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc/sultucimsi]] [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1541}} cv4ih3chnq8p1hsa4u19wf9c8rhayo4 0 3166173 7240260 5659087 2026-07-05T14:45:02Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7240260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Wp/mnc/name}}'''Nisekoi''' (nihon gisun : ニセコイ) serengge [[Wp/mnc/komi naoxi|komi naoxi]] i manga, anime. nisekoi serengge "holo buyecun" be sembi. ==Tucire niyalma== *icijou raku (一条 楽) *kirisaki citoge (桐崎 千棘) *onodera kosaki (小野寺 小咲) *kudzumi seixirou (鶫 誠士郎) *tacibana marika (橘 万里花) *onodera haru (小野寺 春) *kanakura yui (奏倉 羽) ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/manga]] [[Category:Wp/mnc/anime]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2757796}} 59pmu5jllz8nykeaq9x14noghnshli9 0 3179340 7240476 7018484 2026-07-05T21:31:39Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240476 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} (manju gisun) == === {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ}} (manju hergen) === {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|'''ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ'''}} === {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡤᡝᠪᠰᡠᠨ}} (gebsun) === {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|'''ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ'''}} (bithe) :1. ::{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨᠣᠮᡠᠨ ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ ᡤᡝᡵᡝᠨ ᡯᡳ ᡨᠠᠩᡤᡡ ᠪᠣᠣᡳ ᠪᠠᠨᠵᡳᠪᡠᡥᠠ ᠠᡵᠠᡥᠠᠩᡤᡝ ᠪᡝ᠈ ᡤᡝᠮᡠ '''ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ''' ᠰᡝᡩᠮᠪᡳ᠉}} ::[[Wt/mnc/nomun|nomun]] [[Wt/mnc/suduri|suduri]] [[Wt/mnc/geren dzi tanggū booi|geren dzi tanggū booi]] [[Wt/mnc/banjibuha|banjibuha]] [[Wt/mnc/arahangge|arahangge]] [[Wt/mnc/be|be]], [[Wt/mnc/gemu|gemu]] '''bithe''' [[Wt/mnc/sembi|sembi]]. :2. ::{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡠᠩᡤᡳᡵᡝ ᠵᠠᠰᡳᡤᠠᠨ ᠪᡝ᠈ ᡳᠨᡠ '''ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ''' ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ᠉}} ::[[Wt/mnc/unggire|unggire]] [[Wt/mnc/jasigan|jasigan]] [[Wt/mnc/be|be]], [[Wt/mnc/inu|inu]] '''bithe''' [[Wt/mnc/sembi|sembi]]. {{Wt/mnc/trans-top}} {{Wt/mnc/t|cmn|書}} {{Wt/mnc/trans-bottom}} === {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ᠴᠠᡤᠠᠨ}} (aisilara bithe cagan) === <references/> ---- [[Category:Wt/mnc|b]] [[Category:Wt/mnc/manju gisun|b]] [[Category:Wt/mnc/manju gisun -i gibsun|b]] [[Category:Wt/mnc/manju gisun -i gebsun|b]] [[Category:Wt/mnc/han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe|b]] [[Category:Wt/mnc/han -i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun -i buleku bithe, nadaci debtelin|b]] ol4vg0plxmfreyoah2hbk9sseoyrw74 0 3206200 7240575 5631408 2026-07-05T22:52:34Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7240575 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rebecca Solnit cropped.jpg|thumb|rebekka solnit]] '''rebekka solnit''' (inggiri gisun : Rebecca Solnit , 1961 aniya 6 biya 24 inenggi ~ ) oci amairika i ''California'' de tere [[Wp/mnc/feministe|feministe]]. banjitan, dasan, hūman jergi i bumen de pipanlembi. ---- [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2134968}} jow23nyxhp77znrz9471yv3gvd1kd6m 0 3232082 7240643 5630147 2026-07-06T05:02:09Z Soy20 2653919 7240643 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:LocationAsia.png|thumb|275x275px|Mapa sang kapalibotan kag kun diin nakabutang ang Asya]] Ang '''Asya''' ([[Wp/hil/Ingles|Ingles]]: ''Asia'') isa sa pito nga kontinente sa kadutaan. Ini man ang pinakadako sa tanan nga mga kontinente. == Mga pangguwa nga kawad == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110812114558/http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/esdb_archive/EuDASM/asia/indexes/idx_country.htm "Display Maps"]. The Soil Maps of Asia. European Digital Archive of Soil Maps – EuDASM. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011. * [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/asia.html "Asia Maps"]. Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection. University of Texas Libraries. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2011. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110929144209/http://maps.bpl.org/search_advanced/?mtid=786 "Asia"]. Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011. * Bowring, Philip (12 February 1987). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728121004/http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/geography/geo_whatis.html "What is Asia?"]. Eastern Economic Review. 135 (7). Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2009. [[Category:Wp/hil]] [[Category:Wp/hil/Asya]] {{INTERWIKI|Q48}} 0ghfkce9xth0d9wdkjqcwukz1svogju 0 3232154 7240821 5710295 2026-07-06T09:57:23Z Soy20 2653919 7240821 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''Europa''' ([[Wp/hil/Ingles|Ingles]]: ''Europe'') isa ka madako nga tangway nga sang una ginaisip nga lupalop ukon kontinente, nangod sa liknayang kadakuon kag sa kabúg-atan sa iya nga mga kahanubuán, marágtasan, kag ginpadawô nga mga pinanlatón-láton. Ang Europa ginaisip nga lumlupalop sang Eurasia, kag ini nahumutang kabilugan sa northern hemisphere. [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q46}} qt93utwx3z0k01bzv95ezforqlqkljp 0 3232167 7240648 5497881 2026-07-06T05:05:53Z Soy20 2653919 7240648 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''barangay''' ang pinakagamay nga politikal nga yunit sa [[Wp/hil/Pilipinas|Pilipinas]]. Ang isa naman ka [[Wp/hil/Banwa|banwa]] ukon [[Wp/hil/Dakbanwa|dakbanwa]] ang ginabug-osan sang mga barangay. [[Category:Wp/hil]] 7xuumuajod6n2o7ff2ozmzg31y7cq14 0 3232395 7240644 6320848 2026-07-06T05:03:11Z Soy20 2653919 7240644 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Children Partaking In The Kalibo Ati-Atihan Festival, Philippines.jpg|thumb|Piesta sang Kalibo Ati-Atihan, Pilipinas]] Ang '''Ati-Atihan''' isa ka kapistahan nga ginaselebrar kada Enero bilang halad kay Santo Niño (Banal nga Bata o Bata nga si Hesus) sa pila ka mga banwa sa probinsya sang [[Wp/hil/Aklan|Aklan]] sa isla sang [[Wp/hil/Panay|Panay]], [[Wp/hil/Pilipinas|Pilipinas]]. Ang pinakadako nga selebrasyon amo ang sa ikatatlo nga Domingo sang Enero sa banwa sang [[Wp/hil/Kalibo, Aklan|Kalibo]], nga amo ang kabisera sang probinsya. Ang ngalan nga ''Ati-Atihan'' may kahulugan nga "kopyahon ang Ati", lokal nga ngalan sang mga [[Wp/hil/Aeta|Aeta]] nga amo ang una nga nagpuyo sa isla sang Panay kag sa iban nga parte sang arkipelago. [[Category:Wp/hil]] mwp76kucpuijiu1mmntgf7bi58ws7ap 0 3232398 7240763 5497884 2026-07-06T09:01:33Z Soy20 2653919 7240763 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''Bulkang''' '''Kanlaon''' ([[Wp/hil/Ingles|Ingles]]: ''Kanlaon Volcano''; Sinugbuanon: ''Bolkang Kanglaon''; [[Wp/hil/Tagalog|Tagalog]]: ''Bulkang Kanlaon''; [[Wp/hil/Kastila|Kastila]]: ''Volcán Canlaón''), isa ka estratobulkan sa isla sang [[Wp/hil/Negros|Negros]], [[Wp/hil/Pilipinas|Pilipinas]]. Amo ini ang pinakamataas nga punto sa Negros, kag sa bilog nga Kabisayaan, nga may yara kataason nga 2,465 m (8,087 pye) gikan sa sea-level. [[Category:Wp/hil]] 9lt4nzo176i58kbp7xrrux438onds5j 828 3246421 7240208 7234082 2026-07-05T13:56:41Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240208 Scribunto text/plain local headword_page_module = "Module:Wt/rki/headword/page" local list_to_set = require("Module:Wt/rki/table").listToSet local data = {} ------ 1. Lists which are converted into sets. ------ -- Zero-plurals (i.e. invariable plurals). local irregular_plurals = list_to_set({ "cmavo", "cmene", "fu'ivla", "gismu", "Han tu", "hanja", "hanzi", "jyutping", "kana", "kanji", "lujvo", "phrasebook", "pinyin", "rafsi", }, function(_, item) return item end) -- Irregular non-zero plurals AND any regular plurals where the singular ends in "s", -- because the module assumes that inputs ending in "s" are plurals. The singular and -- plural both need to be added, as the module will generate a default plural if -- the input doesn't match a key in this table. for sg, pl in next, { mora = "morae" } do irregular_plurals[sg], irregular_plurals[pl] = pl, pl end data.irregular_plurals = irregular_plurals data.lemmas = list_to_set{ "အကျဉ်းချုံးတိ", "အကျဉ်းချုံး", -- abbreviations "အတိုကောက်တိ", "အတိုကောက်", -- acronyms "နာမဝိသေသနတိ", "နာမဝိသေသန", -- adjectives "adnominals", "adpositions", --adpositions "ကြိယာဝိသေသနတိ", "ကြိယာဝိသေသန", -- adverbs "အဆက်တိ", "အဆက်", -- affixes "ambipositions", "အညွှန်းစကားလုံးတိ", "အညွှန်းစကားလုံး", -- articles "circumfixes", "circumpositions", "ရီတွက်ပုံတိ", "ရီတွက်ပုံ", --classifiers "cmavo", "cmavo clusters", "cmene", "ပေါင်းစပ်ပုဒ်တိ", "ပေါင်းစပ်ပုဒ်", -- combining forms "သမ္ဗန္ဓတိ", "သမ္ဗန္ဓ", -- conjunctions "counters", "ဝါစင်္ဂတိ", "ဝါစင်္ဂ", -- determiners "အသံပြောင်း သင်္ကေတတိ", "အသံပြောင်း သင်္ကေတ", --diacritical marks "ဗျည်းတွဲတိ", "ဗျည်းတွဲ", --digraphs "တူညီနှိုင်းယှဉ်နာမဝိသေသနတိ", "တူညီနှိုင်းယှဉ်နာမဝိသေသန", --equative adjectives "fu'ivla", "gismu", "ဟန် အက္ခရာတိ", "ဟန် အက္ခရာ", -- Han characters "ဟန်တု", -- Han tu "ဟန်ဂျာ", -- hanja "ဟန်ဇီ", -- hanzi "သံပြိုင်ပုဒ်တိ", "သံပြိုင်ပုဒ်", --ideophones "အီဒီယမ်တိ", "အီဒီယမ်", -- idioms "infixes", "အက္ခရာအတိုကောက်တိ", "အက္ခရာအတိုကောက်", --initialisms "ထပ်ဆင့်အမှတ်အသားတိ", "ထပ်ဆင့်အမှတ်အသား", --iteration marks "ပဒ်ဆက်ပစ္စည်းတိ", "ပဒ်ဆက်ပစ္စည်း", --interfixes "အာမေဍိတ်တိ", "အာမေဍိတ်", -- interjections "ခန", --kana "ခန်းဂျီး", -- kanji "စာလုံးတိ", "စာလုံး", -- letters "ligatures", "လိုလိုဂရမ်တိ", "လိုလိုဂရမ်", -- logograms "lujvo", "morae", "ရုပ်ရင်းတိ", "ရုပ်ရင်း", -- morphemes "non-constituents", "နာမ်တိ", "နာမ်", -- nouns "နံပါတ်တိ", "နံပါတ်", -- numbers "ကိန်းဂဏန်း သင်္ကေတတိ", "ကိန်းဂဏန်း သင်္ကေတ", -- numeral symbols "ဂဏန်းခြီတိ", "ဂဏန်းခြီ", -- numerals "ပစ္စည်းတိ", "ပစ္စည်း", -- particles "ပုဒ်စုတိ", "ပုဒ်စု", -- phrases "နာမ်ဝိဘတ်တိ", "နာမ်ဝိဘတ်", --postpositions "နာမ်ဝိဘတ်ပါသော ပုဒ်စုတိ", "နာမ်ဝိဘတ်ပါသော ပုဒ်စု", -- postpositional phrases "ကြိယာနောက်လိုက် နာမဝိသေသနတိ", "ကြိယာနောက်လိုက် နာမဝိသေသန", -- predicatives "ရှိဆက်တိ", "ရှိဆက်", -- prefixes "ဝိဘတ် စကားစုတိ", "ဝိဘတ် စကားစု", -- prepositional phrases "ဝိဘတ်တိ", "ဝိဘတ်", -- prepositions "ကြိယာပုဒ်ရှိဆက်ပစ္စည်းတိ", "ကြိယာပုဒ်ရှိဆက်ပစ္စည်း", --preverbs "နာမ်စားရင်းခံနာမဝိသေသနတိ", "နာမ်စားရင်းခံနာမဝိသေသန", --pronominal adverbs "နာမ်စားတိ", "နာမ်စား", -- pronouns "တစ်ဦးဆိုင်နာမ်တိ", "တစ်ဦးဆိုင်နာမ်", -- proper nouns "စကားပုံတိ", "စကားပုံ", -- proverbs "ပုဒ်ဖြတ်ပုဒ်ရပ်သင်္ကေတတိ", "ပုဒ်ဖြတ်ပုဒ်ရပ်သင်္ကေတ", -- punctuation marks "အညွှန်းနာမ်စားတိ", "အညွှန်းနာမ်စား", -- relatives "roots", "stems", "နောက်ဆက်တိ", "နောက်ဆက်", -- suffixes "ဝဏ္ဏတိ", "ဝဏ္ဏ", -- syllables "သင်္ကေတတိ", "သင်္ကေတ", -- symbols "ကြိယာတိ", "ကြိယာ", -- verbs } data.nonlemmas = list_to_set{ "active participle forms", "active participles", "adjectival participles", "adjective case forms", "နာမဝိသေသနပုဒ်တိ", "နာမဝိသေသနပုဒ်", -- adjective forms "နာမဝိသေသန ဣတ္ထိလိင်ပုဒ်တိ", "နာမဝိသေသန ဣတ္ထိလိင်ပုဒ်", -- adjective feminine forms "နာမဝိသေသန ဗဟုဝုစ်ပုဒ်တိ", "နာမဝိသေသန ဗဟုဝုစ်ပုဒ်", -- adjective plural forms "ကြိယာဝိသေသနပုဒ်တိ", "ကြိယာဝိသေသနပုဒ်", -- adverb forms "adverbial participles", "agent participles", "အညွှန်းပုဒ်တိ", "အညွှန်းပုဒ်", -- article forms "circumfix forms", "ပေါင်းစပ်ထားရေပုဒ်တိ", "ပေါင်းစပ်ထားရေပုဒ်", -- combined forms "နှိုင်းယှဉ်နိုင်ရေ နာမဝိသေသနပုဒ်တိ", "နှိုင်းယှဉ်နိုင်ရေ နာမဝိသေသနပုဒ်", -- comparative adjective forms "နှိုင်းယှဉ်နိုင်ရေ နာမဝိသေသနတိ", "နှိုင်းယှဉ်နိုင်ရေ နာမဝိသေသန", -- comparative adjectives "နှိုင်းယှဉ်နိုင်ရေ ကြိယာဝိသေသနပုဒ်တိ", "နှိုင်းယှဉ်နိုင်ရေ ကြိယာဝိသေသနပုဒ်", -- comparative adverb forms "နှိုင်းယှဉ်နိုင်ရေ ကြိယာဝိသေသနတိ", "နှိုင်းယှဉ်နိုင်ရေ ကြိယာဝိသေသန", -- comparative adverbs "သမ္ဗန္ဓပုဒ်တိ", "သမ္ဗန္ဓပုဒ်", -- conjunction forms "အတိုချုံ့စကားလုံးတိ", "အတိုချုံ့စကားလုံး", -- contractions "converbs", "determiner comparative forms", "ဝါစင်္ဂပုဒ်တိ", "ဝါစင်္ဂပုဒ်", -- determiner forms "determiner superlative forms", "diminutive nouns", "elative adjectives", "equative adjective forms", "equative adjectives", "future participles", "gerunds", "infinitive forms", "infinitives", "interjection forms", "jyutping", "စာလုံးပေါင်းအမှားတိ", "စာလုံးပေါင်းအမှား", --misspellings "negative participles", "nominal participles", "noun case forms", "noun construct forms", "noun dual forms", "နာမ်ပုဒ်တိ", "နာမ်ပုဒ်", -- noun forms "noun paucal forms", "နာမ် ဗဟုဝုစ်ပုဒ်တိ", "နာမ် ဗဟုဝုစ်ပုဒ်", -- noun plural forms "noun possessive forms", "noun singulative forms", "ဂဏန်းခြီပုဒ်တိ", "ဂဏန်းခြီပုဒ်", -- numeral forms "ကြိယာသဏ္ဌာန်တိ", "ကြိယာသဏ္ဌာန်", -- participles "ကြိယာသဏ္ဌာန်ပုဒ်တိ", "ကြိယာသဏ္ဌာန်ပုဒ်", -- participle forms "ပစ္စည်းပုဒ်တိ", "ပစ္စည်းပုဒ်", -- particle forms "passive participles", "past active participles", "past adverbial participles", "အတိတ်ကာလပြ ကြိယာသဏ္ဌာန်တိ", "အတိတ်ကာလပြ ကြိယာသဏ္ဌာန်", --past participles "အတိတ်ကာလပြ ကြိယာသဏ္ဌာန်ပုဒ်တိ", "အတိတ်ကာလပြ ကြိယာသဏ္ဌာန်ပုဒ်", -- past participle forms "past passive participles", "perfect active participles", "perfect participles", "perfect passive participles", "pinyin", "ဗဟုဝုစ်တိ", "ဗဟုဝုစ်", -- plurals "postposition forms", "ရှိဆက်ပုဒ်တိ", "ရှိဆက်ပုဒ်", -- prefix forms "preposition contractions", "ဝိဘတ်ပုဒ်တိ", "ဝိဘတ်ပုဒ်", -- preposition forms "ဝိဘတ်နာမ်စားတိ", "ဝိဘတ်နာမ်စား", -- prepositional pronouns "present active participles", "present adverbial participles", "ဖြစ်ဆဲပြ ကြိယာသဏ္ဌာန်တိ", "ဖြစ်ဆဲပြ ကြိယာသဏ္ဌာန်", -- present participles "present passive participles", "preverb forms", "နာမ်စားပုဒ်တိ", "နာမ်စားပုဒ်", -- pronoun forms "နာမ်စားပိုင်ဆိုင်မှုပြပုဒ်တိ", "နာမ်စားပိုင်ဆိုင်မှုပြပုဒ်", --pronoun possessive forms "တစ်ဦးဆိုင်နာမ်ပုဒ်တိ", "တစ်ဦးဆိုင်နာမ်ပုဒ်", -- proper noun forms "တစ်ဦးဆိုင်နာမ် ဗဟုဝုစ်ပုဒ်တိ", "တစ်ဦးဆိုင်နာမ် ဗဟုဝုစ်ပုဒ်", -- proper noun plural forms "rafsi", "ရောမအက္ခရာဖလှယ်ခြင်းတိ", "ရောမအက္ခရာဖလှယ်ခြင်း", -- romanizations "root forms", "singulatives", "နောက်ဆက်ပုဒ်တိ", "နောက်ဆက်ပုဒ်", -- suffix forms "အသာလွန်ဆုံး နာမဝိသေသနပုဒ်တိ", "အသာလွန်ဆုံး နာမဝိသေသနပုဒ်", -- superlative adjective forms "အသာလွန်ဆုံး နာမဝိသေသနတိ", "အသာလွန်ဆုံး နာမဝိသေသန", -- superlative adjectives "အသာလွန်ဆုံး ကြိယာဝိသေသနပုဒ်တိ", "အသာလွန်ဆုံး ကြိယာဝိသေသနပုဒ်", -- superlative adverb forms "အသာလွန်ဆုံး ကြိယာဝိသေသနတိ", "အသာလွန်ဆုံး ကြိယာဝိသေသန", -- superlative adverbs "ကြိယာပုဒ်တိ", "ကြိယာပုဒ်", -- verb forms "ကြိယာနာမ်တိ", "ကြိယာနာမ်", -- verbal nouns } -- These langauges will not have links to separate parts of the headword. data.no_multiword_links = list_to_set{ "zh", } -- These languages will not have "LANG multiword terms" categories added. data.no_multiword_cat = list_to_set{ -------- Languages without spaces between words (sometimes spaces between phrases) -------- "blt", -- Tai Dam "ja", -- Japanese "khb", -- Lü "km", -- Khmer "lo", -- Lao "mnw", -- Mon "my", -- Burmese "nan", -- Min Nan (some words in Latin script; hyphens between syllables) "nan-hbl", -- Hokkien (some words in Latin script; hyphens between syllables) "nod", -- Northern Thai "ojp", -- Old Japanese "shn", -- Shan "sou", -- Southern Thai "tdd", -- Tai Nüa "th", -- Thai "tts", -- Isan "twh", -- Tai Dón "txg", -- Tangut "zh", -- Chinese (all varieties with Chinese characters) "zkt", -- Khitan -------- Languages with spaces between syllables -------- "ahk", -- Akha "aou", -- A'ou "atb", -- Zaiwa "byk", -- Biao "cdy", -- Chadong --"duu", -- Drung; not sure --"hmx-pro", -- Proto-Hmong-Mien --"hnj", -- Green Hmong; not sure "huq", -- Tsat "ium", -- Iu Mien --"lis", -- Lisu; not sure "mtq", -- Muong --"mww", -- White Hmong; not sure "onb", -- Lingao --"sit-gkh", -- Gokhy; not sure --"swi", -- Sui; not sure "tbq-lol-pro", -- Proto-Loloish "tdh", -- Thulung "ukk", -- Muak Sa-aak "vi", -- Vietnamese "yig", -- Wusa Nasu "zng", -- Mang -------- Languages with ~ with surrounding spaces used to separate variants -------- "mkh-ban-pro", -- Proto-Bahnaric "sit-pro", -- Proto-Sino-Tibetan; listed above -------- Other weirdnesses -------- "mul", -- Translingual; gestures, Morse code, etc. "aot", -- Atong (India); bullet is a letter -------- All sign languages -------- "ads", "aed", "aen", "afg", "ase", "asf", "asp", "asq", "asw", "bfi", "bfk", "bog", "bqn", "bqy", "bvl", "bzs", "cds", "csc", "csd", "cse", "csf", "csg", "csl", "csn", "csq", "csr", "doq", "dse", "dsl", "ecs", "esl", "esn", "eso", "eth", "fcs", "fse", "fsl", "fss", "gds", "gse", "gsg", "gsm", "gss", "gus", "hab", "haf", "hds", "hks", "hos", "hps", "hsh", "hsl", "icl", "iks", "ils", "inl", "ins", "ise", "isg", "isr", "jcs", "jhs", "jls", "jos", "jsl", "jus", "kgi", "kvk", "lbs", "lls", "lsl", "lso", "lsp", "lst", "lsy", "lws", "mdl", "mfs", "mre", "msd", "msr", "mzc", "mzg", "mzy", "nbs", "ncs", "nsi", "nsl", "nsp", "nsr", "nzs", "okl", "pgz", "pks", "prl", "prz", "psc", "psd", "psg", "psl", "pso", "psp", "psr", "pys", "rms", "rsl", "rsm", "sdl", "sfb", "sfs", "sgg", "sgx", "slf", "sls", "sqk", "sqs", "ssp", "ssr", "svk", "swl", "syy", "tse", "tsm", "tsq", "tss", "tsy", "tza", "ugn", "ugy", "ukl", "uks", "vgt", "vsi", "vsl", "vsv", "xki", "xml", "xms", "ygs", "ysl", "zib", "zsl", } -- In these languages, the hyphen is not considered a word separator for the "multiword terms" category. data.hyphen_not_multiword_sep = list_to_set{ "akk", -- Akkadian; hyphens between syllables "akl", -- Aklanon; hyphens for mid-word glottal stops "ber-pro", -- Proto-Berber; morphemes separated by hyphens "ceb", -- Cebuano; hyphens for mid-word glottal stops "cnk", -- Khumi Chin; hyphens used in single words "cpi", -- Chinese Pidgin English; Chinese-derived words with hyphens between syllables "de", -- too many false positives "esx-esk-pro", -- hyphen used to separate morphemes "fi", -- Finnish; hyphen used to separate components in compound words if the final and initial vowels match, respectively "hil", -- Hiligaynon; hyphens for mid-word glottal stops "hnn", -- Hanunoo; too many false positives "ilo", -- Ilocano; hyphens for mid-word glottal stops "kne", -- Kankanaey; hyphens for mid-word glottal stops "lcp", -- Western Lawa; dash as syllable joiner "lwl", -- Eastern Lawa; dash as syllable joiner "mfa", -- Pattani Malay in Thai script; dash as syllable joiner "mkh-vie-pro", -- Proto-Vietic; morphemes separated by hyphens "msb", -- Masbatenyo; too many false positives "tl", -- Tagalog; too many false positives "war", -- Waray-Waray; too many false positives "yo", -- Yoruba; hyphens used to show lengthened nasal vowels } -- These languages will not have "LANG masculine nouns" and similar categories added. data.no_gender_cat = list_to_set{ -- Languages without gender but which use the gender field for other purposes "ja", "th", } data.notranslit = list_to_set{ "ams", "az", "bbc", "bug", "cdo", "cia", "cjm", "cjy", "cmn", "cnp", "cpi", "cpx", "csp", "czh", "czo", "gan", "hak", "hnm", "hsn", "ja", "kzg", "lad", "ltc", "luh", "lzh", "mnp", "ms", "mul", "mvi", "nan", "nan-dat", "nan-hbl", "nan-hlh", "nan-lnx", "nan-tws", "nan-zhe", "nan-zsh", "och", "oj", "okn", "ryn", "rys", "ryu", "sh", "sjc", "tgt", "th", "tkn", "tly", "txg", "und", "vi", "wuu", "xug", "yoi", "yox", "yue", "za", "zh", "zhx-sic", "zhx-tai", } -- Script codes for which a script-tagged display title will be added. data.toBeTagged = list_to_set{ "Ahom", "Arab", "fa-Arab", "glk-Arab", "kk-Arab", "ks-Arab", "ku-Arab", "mzn-Arab", "ms-Arab", "ota-Arab", "pa-Arab", "ps-Arab", "sd-Arab", "tt-Arab", "ug-Arab", "ur-Arab", "Armi", "Armn", "Avst", "Bali", "Bamu", "Batk", "Beng", "as-Beng", "Bopo", "Brah", "Brai", "Bugi", "Buhd", "Cakm", "Cans", "Cari", "Cham", "Cher", "Copt", "Cprt", "Cyrl", "Cyrs", "Deva", "Dsrt", "Egyd", "Egyp", "Ethi", "Geok", "Geor", "Glag", "Goth", "Grek", "Polyt", "polytonic", "Gujr", "Guru", "Hang", "Hani", "Hano", "Hebr", "Hira", "Hluw", "Ital", "Java", "Kali", "Kana", "Khar", "Khmr", "Knda", "Kthi", "Lana", "Laoo", "Latn", "Latf", "Latg", "Latnx", "Latinx", "pjt-Latn", "Lepc", "Limb", "Linb", "Lisu", "Lyci", "Lydi", "Mand", "Mani", "Marc", "Merc", "Mero", "Mlym", "Mong", "mnc-Mong", "sjo-Mong", "xwo-Mong", "Mtei", "Mymr", "Narb", "Nkoo", "Nshu", "Ogam", "Olck", "Orkh", "Orya", "Osma", "Ougr", "Palm", "Phag", "Phli", "Phlv", "Phnx", "Plrd", "Prti", "Rjng", "Runr", "Samr", "Sarb", "Saur", "Sgnw", "Shaw", "Shrd", "Sinh", "Sora", "Sund", "Sylo", "Syrc", "Tagb", "Tale", "Talu", "Taml", "Tang", "Tavt", "Telu", "Tfng", "Tglg", "Thaa", "Thai", "Tibt", "Ugar", "Vaii", "Xpeo", "Xsux", "Yiii", "Zmth", "Zsym", "Ipach", "Music", "Rumin", } -- Parts of speech which will not be categorised in categories like "English terms spelled with É" if -- the term is the character in question (e.g. the letter entry for English [[é]]). This contrasts with -- entries like the French adjective [[m̂]], which is a one-letter word spelled with the letter. data.pos_not_spelled_with_self = list_to_set{ "diacritical marks", "Han characters", "Han tu", "hanja", "hanzi", "iteration marks", "kana", "kanji", "letters", "ligatures", "logograms", "morae", "numeral symbols", "numerals", "punctuation marks", "syllables", "symbols", } ------ 2. Lists not converted into sets. ------ -- Recognized aliases for parts of speech (param 2=). Key is the short form and value is the canonical singular (not -- pluralized) form. It is singular so that the same table can be used in [[Module:Wt/rki/form of]] for the p=/POS= param -- and [[Module:Wt/rki/links]] for the pos= param. data.pos_aliases = { a = "နာမဝိသေသန", adj = "နာမဝိသေသန", adv = "ကြိယာဝိသေသန", art = "အညွှန်းစကားလုံး", det = "ဝါစင်္ဂ", compadj = "comparative adjective", compadv = "comparative adverb", conj = "သမ္ဗန္ဓ", conv = "converb", int = "အာမေဍိတ်", interj = "အာမေဍိတ်", intj = "အာမေဍိတ်", n = "နာမ်", -- the next two support Algonquian languages; see also vii/vai/vti/vta below na = "animate noun", ni = "inanimate noun", num = "ဂဏန်းခြီ", part = "participle", pcl = "ပစ္စည်း", phr = "စကားစု", pn = "တစ်ဦးဆိုင်နာမ်", postp = "postposition", pref = "prefix", prep = "ဝိဘတ်", pron = "နာမ်စား", prop = "တစ်ဦးဆိုင်နာမ်", proper = "တစ်ဦးဆိုင်နာမ်", propn = "တစ်ဦးဆိုင်နာမ်", rom = "ရောမအက္ခရာဖလှယ်ခြင်း", suf = "နောက်ဆက်", supadj = "အသာလွန်ဆုံး နာမဝိသေသန", supadv = "အသာလွန်ဆုံး ကြိယာဝိသေသန", v = "ကြိယာ", vb = "ကြိယာ", vi = "ကံမလို ကြိယာ", vt = "ကံလို ကြိယာတိ", -- the next four support Algonquian languages vii = "inanimate intransitive verb", vai = "animate intransitive verb", vti = "ကံလိုနန့် ကံမလို ကြိယာတိ", vta = "transitive animate verb", } -- Parts of speech for which categories like "German masculine nouns" or "Russian imperfective verbs" -- will be generated if the headword is of the appropriate gender/number. data.pos_for_gender_number_cat = { ["နာမ်"] = "နာမ်", ["တစ်ဦးဆိုင်နာမ်"] = "နာမ်", ["နောက်ဆက်"] = "နောက်ဆက်", -- We include verbs because impf and pf are valid "genders". ["ကြိယာ"] = "ကြိယာ", } ------ 3. Page-wide processing (so that it only needs to be done once per page). ------ data.page = require(headword_page_module).process_page() -- Fuckme, random references to data.pagename and data.encoded_pagename are scattered throughout the codebase. FIXME! data.pagename = data.page.pagename data.encoded_pagename = data.page.encoded_pagename return data ixt0gocg0jwzpmlgrywrhuigxp8slaj 0 3249044 7240642 7116086 2026-07-06T05:01:36Z Soy20 2653919 7240642 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Quadratic formula.svg|thumb|280x280px|Ang kwadratikong pormula nga nagapakita sa solusyon sang ekwasyong ''ax''² + ''bx'' + ''c'' = 0, kun diin ang a indi zero, base sa iyang mga koepisiyento nga ''a'', ''b'' kag c.]] Ang '''alhebra''', o '''algebra''' sa [[Wp/hil/Ingles|Ingles]] (gikan sa Arabiko: الجبر, al-jabr, pag-isa liwat sang mga nabulag nga binahin,<ref name="oed">https://web.archive.org/web/20131231173558/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/english/algebra</ref>''bonesetting''<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3mlQDwAAQBAJ&q=bonesetting+algebra&pg=PA722|title=Abstract Algebra: A Comprehensive Treatment|last1=Menini|first1=Claudia|last2=Oystaeyen|first2=Freddy Van|date=2017-11-22|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4822-5817-2|language=en|access-date=2020-10-15|archive-date=2021-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221075950/https://books.google.com/books?id=3mlQDwAAQBAJ&q=bonesetting+algebra&pg=PA722}}</ref>), ang isa sa mga ginatun-an sa [[Wp/hil/Matematika|matematika]], upod ang [[Wp/hil/Teorya sang bilang|teorya sang pag-isip]], [[Wp/hil/Heometriya|heometriya]], kag [[Wp/hil/Matematikang analisis|analisis]]. Sa pinakageneral nga porma sini, ang alhebra amo ang pagtuon sang mga pang-matematika nga simbolo kag ang mga kasuguan sa pagmanipula sang mga simbolo nga ini;<ref>See {{Wp/hil/Harvnb|Herstein|1964}}, page 1: "An algebraic system can be described as a set of objects together with some operations for combining them".</ref> bilang isa ka topiko ginaisa sini ang tanan sa matematika.<ref>See {{Wp/hil/Harvnb|Herstein|1964}}, page 1: "...it also serves as the unifying thread which interlaces almost all of mathematics".</ref> Upod diri ang tanan gikan sa pagsabat sa mga elementarya nga mga equation pakadto sa pagtuon sang mga abstraksyon sang mga group, ring, kag lugar. == Ginkuhaan == [[Category:Wp/hil]] 6sb89q7zwezitq4iwsu33lg3c1lxosc 0 3251526 7240662 6550947 2026-07-06T05:41:17Z Soy20 2653919 7240662 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Left side of Flying Pigeon.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Ang pinakapopular nga modelo sang bisikleta—kag ang pinakapopular nga behikulo sang maski anong klase sa kalibotan—amo ang Tsinong Flying Pigeon, nga may yara halos 500 milyong nahimo.]] Ang '''bisikleta''' ([[Wp/hil/Ingles|Ingles]]: ''bicycle''), ginatawag man nga '''bike''' o '''cycle''', ginapaandar sang tawo o motor, ginapedal, ang may yara duha ka ruweda nga naangut sa frame, tag-isa sa piyak. Ang nagapaandar sang bisikleta ginatawag nga siklista o bisiklista. Ang mga bisikleta nakilala sadtong ika-19 nga siglo sa Europa, kag sa pagsugod sang ika-21 nga siglo, lagpas 1 (isa ka) bilyon na ang numero sini.<ref>Koeppel, Dan (January–February 2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=isUDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60 "Flight of the Pigeon"]. ''Bicycling''. Vol. 48 no. 1. Rodale. pp. 60–66. ISSN 0006-2073. Retrieved 28 January 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/18584086 "Bicycling; A way of life; Faster in town than going by car, bus, tube or on foot"]. ''The Economist''. 20 April 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.worldometers.info/bicycles/ "Bicycles produced in the world"]. Worldometers. Retrieved 2 January 2012.</ref> Ang numero nga ini layo sa mga awto, parehas sa kabilugan kag sa indibidwal nga modelo nga nahimo.<ref>Squatriglia, Chuck (23 May 2008). [http://blog.wired.com/cars/2008/05/honda-sells-its.html "Honda Sells Its 60 Millionth – Yes, Millionth – Super Cub"]. ''Wired''. Retrieved 31 October 2010.</ref><ref>Assoc, American Motorcyclist (May 2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=qvUDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA24 "That's 2.5 billion cc!"]. ''American Motorcyclist''. Westerville, OH. p. 24. ISSN 0277-9358. Retrieved 31 October 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-02-18/toyota-ponders-recall-of-worlds-best-selling-car/334668 "Toyota ponders recall of world's best-selling car"]. Australian Broadcasting Corporation News Online. 18 February 2010.</ref> Sila ang panguna nga pamaagi sang transportasyon sa pila ka mga rehiyon. Nagahatag man ini sang sikat nga sahi sang hampang, kag magamit para sa mga bata, kabug-osan nga pagpabaskog, militar kag polisiya, pagdul-ong sang mga serbisyo, paglumba, kag mga stunt. == Galeriya == <gallery> Bicycle diagram.svg|Diyagramo sang bisikleta 1886_Starley_'Rover'_Safety_Cycle_British_Motor_Museum_09-2016_(29928044262).jpg|Ang 1886 Rover safety bicycle sa British Motor Museum, ang pinakauna nga modernong bisikleta Svea_Velocipede.jpg|Ang Svea Velocipede ni Fredrik Ljungström kag Birger Ljungström sa Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology BicyclePlymouth.jpg|Bisikleta sa Plymouth, Inglatera sa pagsugod sang ika-20 nga siglo A bike in Sunken Garden, U.P. Diliman, Quezon City.jpg|Hapones nga bisikleta Wooden_bicycle_for_young_child.jpg|Balanse nga bisikleta para sa mga bata </gallery> == Ginkuhaan == <references /> == Mga pangguwa nga kawad == * Isa ka rango sang [https://web.archive.org/web/20100113080655/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/tpm/tal/cyclefacilities/ Traffic Advisory Leaflets] nga nahimo sang UK Department for Transport mahinungod sa pag-bisikleta. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140916100955/http://www.sciencetech.technomuses.ca/english/collection/cycles.cfm A History of Bicycles and Other Cycles] sa Canada Science and Technology Museum [[Category:Wp/hil]] 9q6qz7zfrqokqtrflyqv7upgfcshnb9 0 3265051 7240764 5497916 2026-07-06T09:03:22Z Soy20 2653919 7240764 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Central Philippine University Church.JPG|thumb|Simbahan sa Unibersidad sang Sentral nga Pilipinas]] Ang '''Unibersidad sang Sentral nga Pilipinas''' o '''Central Philippine University''' (ginatawag man nga '''Central''' o '''CPU''') isa ka pribado nga eskwelahan pangkolehiyo nga gintukud sadtong Oktobre 1, 1905. Ang mga naghimo sang institusyon nga ini amo ang mga Amerikano nga miyembro sang Baptist Church nga nakabase sa Estados Unidos. Ang eskwelahan nga ini yara sa [[Wp/hil/Iloilo|Dakbanwa sang Iloilo]], [[Wp/hil/Pilipinas|Pilipinas]]. == Pangguwa nga kawad == *[http://www.cpu.edu.ph Central Philippine University] Opisyal nga website *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130119211747/http://library.cpu.edu.ph/ Central Philippine University Library] Main library *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131020211624/http://www.centralecho.com/ The Central Echo] (Official student publication) website *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121001231402/http://urc.cpu.edu.ph/ CPU Research Center (URC)] [[Category:Wp/hil]] osg9fyldlvdpdsozjeca6pir4w828nm 0 3291278 7240827 5497892 2026-07-06T10:05:52Z Soy20 2653919 7240827 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:JPPFL Sen. Franklin Drilon (cropped).jpg|thumb|Si Drilon sang 2018]] Si '''Franklin''' "'''Frank'''" '''Magtunao Drilon''' (nabata Nobyembre 28, 1945) isa ka Pilipino nga politiko nga nagsilbi bilang Lider sang Minoryang sang Senado sang 2017. Sang 2010, yara na sya sa iya ikaduha nga pagpungko sa Senado, pagkatapos una nga nagsilbi sugod 1995 hasta 2007. Tatlo ka beses siya nagsilbi bilang Presidente sang Senado: sang 2000, sugod 2001 hasta 2006, kag sugod 2013 hasta 2016. Sa iya nga pagsilbi sadto bilang Majority Leader sang Senado kag Presidente pro tempore sang Senado, siya lang ang senador nga nakasilbi sa tanan nga apat ka mayor nga posisyon sa Senado. Bilang miyembro sang Partido Liberal sugod 2003, siya nangin vice-chairman sang partido sugod 2011 kag nagsilbi bilang chairman kag presidente sang partido. Halin si Drilon sa [[Wp/hil/Dakbanwa sang Iloilo|Dakbanwa sang Iloilo]] kag nag-eskwela sing layi sa [[Wp/hil/Unibersidad sang Pilipinas|Unibersidad sang Pilipinas]]. Nag-ikatlo siya sa 1969 Bar Exams kag nagtrabaho anay bilang pribado nga abogado bag-o nagsulod sa gobyerno. == Mga pangguwa nga kawad == *[http://legacy.senate.gov.ph/senators/sen_bio/drilon_bio.as Senador Franklin M. Drilon] – Senado sang Pilipinas [[Category:Wp/hil]] dxv0rxlqe1ruqztboomw4v2kwet15vt 0 3303313 7240825 6866937 2026-07-06T10:01:29Z Soy20 2653919 7240825 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Senkikopangilinan.jpg|thumb|Opisyal nga imahe ni Senador Francis Pangilinan]] Si '''Francis Pancratius "Kiko" Nepomuceno Pangilinan''' (Tagalog: [paŋɪˈlinɐn]; nabata Agosto 24, 1963) isa ka Pilipino nga abogado kag politiko nga nagligad nagpungko bilang isa ka Senador sang Pilipinas sugod 2016 hasta 2022, kag 2001 hasta 2013. Ang politikal career ni Pangilinan nagsugod sang sya isa pa ka estudyante-aktibista sadtong 1985, sa tunga sang People Power Revolution. Sa Senado, nangin siya Lider sang Mayorya sa Senado sugod 2004 hasta 2008. Sadtong Mayo 2014, si Pangilinan napili bilang Kabulig sang Presidente para sa Seguridad sa Pagkaon kag Agrikultural nga Modernisasyon ni Presidente [[Wp/hil/Benigno Aquino III|Benigno Aquino III]]. Si Pangilinan nagdalagan liwat para senador sadtong 2016 sa idalom sang Partido Liberal, kag nag-ikasiyam sa 12 mga nagdaog nga kandidato. Siya karon ang presidente sang partido. == Mga pangguwa nga kawad == * [http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/sen_bio/pangilinan_bio.asp Senator Kiko Pangilinan] – Senado sang Pilipinas * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220306151022/https://kikopangilinan.com/ Opisyal nga website] * [https://www.facebook.com/officialkikopangilinan Facebook ni Kiko Pangilinan] * Beripikadong [https://twitter.com/kikopangilinan Francis Pangilinan] sa Twitter [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q984265}} nlujdxtdd3guab9s51afkdfubirpnql 0 3313845 7240690 7175757 2026-07-06T07:08:22Z Elivis256 2609238 GRAMMA CORRECTION 7240690 wikitext text/x-wiki "Ekanisa ya Yesu Ehikire" N'ekanisa eyeeyemeriizeho eyaatandikirweho omu Beijing, China omu gwa 1917. Eriizooba, hariho abantu abakubarirwa kuba miliyooni 1.5 omu mahanga gari kurenga nkaaga Kandi omu bizinga mukaaga. Ekanisa n'eya guruupu eya aba kristayo aba pentacostal eyaashashanukire omu myaaka ya 2000 etandikire. Kwiha omu mwaka gwa 2000, ekanisa ekatandikwaho omuri [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]]. Ekigyendererwa kyayo n'okuburira engyiri omu Mahanga goona yesu atakagarukire ogwa kabiri. Ebintu ikumi ebi akanisa erikwikyirirzamu Ni: :Omwoyo orikwera :[[Wp/nyn/Okubatizibwa|Okubatizibwa]] :Okunaabisa ebigyere :Okwirira aha meeza :[[Wp/nyn/Eizoba rya sabato|Eizooba rya Sabato]] :[[Wp/nyn/Yesu kristo|Yesu kristo]] :[[Wp/nyn/Bibuli|Bibuli]] :[[Wp/nyn/Okukyizibwa|Okukyizibwa]] :Ekanisa :Emperu y'okucwerirwa [[Category:Wp/nyn]] kbyhj7hwuhqw1r0pki1ljd4mubohtkl 7240691 7240690 2026-07-06T07:09:46Z Elivis256 2609238 /* */ 7240691 wikitext text/x-wiki "Ekanisa ya Yesu Ehikire" N'ekanisa eyeeyemeriizeho eyaatandikirweho omu Beijing, China omu gwa 1917. Eriizooba, hariho abantu abakubarirwa kuba miliyooni 1.5 omu mahanga gari kurenga nkaaga Kandi omu bizinga mukaaga. Ekanisa n'eya guruupu eya aba kristayo aba pentacostal eyaashashanukire omu myaaka ya 2000 etandikire. Kwiha omu mwaka gwa 2000, ekanisa ekatandikwaho omuri [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]]. Ekigyendererwa kyayo n'okubuurira engyiri omu Mahanga goona yesu atakagarukire ogwa kabiri. Ebintu ikumi ebi akanisa erikwikyirirzamu Ni: :Omwoyo orikwera :[[Wp/nyn/Okubatizibwa|Okubatizibwa]] :Okunaabisa ebigyere :Okwirira aha meeza :[[Wp/nyn/Eizoba rya sabato|Eizooba rya Sabato]] :[[Wp/nyn/Yesu kristo|Yesu kristo]] :[[Wp/nyn/Bibuli|Bibuli]] :[[Wp/nyn/Okukyizibwa|Okukyizibwa]] :Ekanisa :Emperu y'okucwerirwa [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 1ng8v8t6fc2ymgoojfqesdqorhadpcq 0 3326029 7240796 6060356 2026-07-06T09:47:37Z Soy20 2653919 7240796 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:ChelDioknoBantayogngmgaBayani20190223Alternativity.jpg|thumb|Si Diokno sa isa ka okasyon nga naghatag onra sa mga heroe kag martir sa Ley Militar sa ''Bantayog ng mga Bayani'' sang Pebrero 23, 2019]] Si '''Jose Manuel''' "'''Chel'''" '''Icasiano Diokno''' (Tagalog: [ˈdʒɔknɔ], nabata Pebrero 23, 1961)<ref> Chel Diokno [@ChelDiokno] (February 23, 2021). [https://twitter.com/ChelDiokno/status/1364242781082816513 "I didn't think I'd reach this age, but I just celebrated my big 6-0 with my kids by my side and with friends via Zoom. Thank you all for the birthday greetings, and to the "cheldren" for sending me cakes!"] (Tweet) (in English). Retrieved May 6, 2021 – via Twitter.</ref> isa ka Pilipino nga abogado, edukador, kag human rights advocate. Nangin lider sya sang Free Legal Assistance Group o FLAG kag dekano sang Kolehiyo sang Law sa Unibersidad sang De La Salle (nga ginatawag subong nga [[Wp/hil/Tañada-Diokno College of Law|Tañada-Diokno College of Law]]). Nangin ''special counsel'' man sya sang [[Wp/hil/Senate Blue Ribbon Committee|Senate Blue Ribbon Committee]].<ref>Pimentel, Boying (2017-02-26). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20220928184706/https://usa.inquirer.net/1848/diokno-fight-the-fear-sing-our-own-song Diokno: Fight the fear, sing our own song]" (in en). The Philippine Daily Inquirer. https://web.archive.org/web/20220928184706/https://usa.inquirer.net/1848/diokno-fight-the-fear-sing-our-own-song.</ref> == Pangguwa nga kawad == * [http://www.diokno.org Opisyal nga website ni Chel Diokno] * [https://iboto.ph/diokno Pangkampanya nga website ni Chel Diokno] == Ginkuhaan == <references /> [[Category:Wp/hil]] 7snukynpx1rkh6x4kdm7lf9au366d3m 0 3333439 7240660 5663986 2026-07-06T05:36:07Z Soy20 2653919 7240660 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Benigno "Noynoy" S. Aquino III.jpg|thumb|Opisyal nga imahe, <abbr>c.</abbr> 2010]] Si '''Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III''' KGCR (sa lokal bilang [bɛˈniɡnɔʔ aˈkino]; Pebrero 8, 1960 – Hunyo 24, 2021), kilala man bilang '''Noynoy Aquino''' kag kolokyal bilang '''PNoy''', isa ka Pilipino nga politiko nga nangin ika-15 presidente sang Pilipinas sugod 2010 hasta 2016. Bago na-elihir nga presidente, si Aquino isa ka miyembro sang Kamara de Representantes kag Senado sugod 1998 hasta 2010, kag nangin man isa ka deputy speaker sang Kamara de Representantes sugod 2004 hasta 2006. == Mga pangguwa nga kawad == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120705235049/http://president.gov.ph/ Opisyal nga websityo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100209034426/http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/sen_bio/aquino_noynoy_bio.asp Official profile] in the website of the Senate of the Philippines * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAJj48uXof0 Inaugural Address of President Benigno Aquino III | June 30, 2010] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4_9vbu5M5I President Benigno Aquino III's First State of the Nation Address | July 26, 2010] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWquwG1Z8aU President Benigno Aquino III's Second State of the Nation Address | July 25, 2011] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JWyScwuTeI President Aquino's speech before the United Nations General Assembly | September 24, 2010] [[Category:Wp/hil]] 5v9sw0hof10esi2m16hgf19li3axsc0 0 3338221 7240846 5722130 2026-07-06T10:18:45Z Soy20 2653919 7240846 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:F0182 Louvre Code Hammourabi Bas-relief Sb8 rwk.jpg|thumb|Si Hammurabi (ang gatindog) ginapakita nga gadawat sang balaan nga harianon nga mando gikan kay Shamash]] Si '''Hammurabi''' (c. 1810 – c. 1750 BC) ang ikaanom nga hari sa dinastiya sang [[Wp/hil/Kinadaang Imperyong Babilonya|Dumaan nga Imperyong Babilonya]] halin sa tribo sang mga [[Wp/hil/Amornon|Amornon]], nga naghari halin sa c. 1792 BC hasta c. 1750 BC. Naunahan siya sang iya amay, si [[Wp/hil/Sin-Muballit|Sin-Muballit]] nga boluntaryo naghalin sa iya trono bangud sa iya masakit. Sa pagkahari ni Hammurabi, nasakop niya ang [[Wp/hil/Elam|Elam]], kag ang mga banwa-estado sang [[Wp/hil/Larsa|Larsa]], [[Wp/hil/Eshnunna|Eshnunna]], kag [[Wp/hil/Mari|Mari]]. Nasupil niya si [[Wp/hil/Ishme-Dagan I|Ishme-Dagan I]] nga hari ka [[Wp/hil/Asiria|Asiria]] kang ginpwersa ang iya anak, si [[Wp/hil/Mut-Ashkur|Mut-Ashkur]] nga magbayad sang tributo, kag nadala niya ang halos bilog nga [[Wp/hil/Mesopotamia|Mesopotamia]] sa dalum sang gahum ka mga Babilonhon. Pinakabantog si Hammurabi bangud sa iya paghimo sang Sogo ni Hammurabi, ang gin-ako niya nga nadawat halin kay Shamash, ang Babilonhonhon nga diyos sang katarungan. Inde parehos sang mga nauna nga Sumerinhon nga mga kasugoan, parehos sang Sogo ni Ur-Nammu, nga mas may dako nga pagtalupangod sa biktima sang krimen, ang Sogo ni Hammurabi isa sa pinakauna nga mga mando nga nagbutang dako nga talupangod sa pisikal nga pagbalos ukon pagkastigo sa tigtampalas. Ini naglatid klaro nga pina sa kada krimen, kag amo ini sya ang isa sa pinakauna nga mga mando nga nagpasad sang paghat-om sang pagkamatarong (''presumption of innocence''). Bisan pa nga ang pagkastigo kag pagmulta sini tam-an gid ka malugos sa moderno nga talaksan, hungod nga tuyo sini ang magbutang limitasyon sa paghimalos kag ang pagpaumod sang biktima. Ang Mando ni Hammurabi kag ang Kasugoan ni Moises sa Tora may madamo nga kaanggid. Gintan-aw si Hammurabi nga diyos sa panahon sang iya pagkabuhi. Pagkatapos sang iya kamatayon, ginpahimansag si Hammurabi nga isa ka balantugon nga magdadaug nga nagtagunton sang sibilisasyon kag ginpwersa ang tanan nga mga tawo nga magduko kay Marduk, ang pinakahalangdon nga diyos sang pungsod Babilonia. Sa pagdugay, ang iya mga nasampat sa labanganan ginpakanubo kag ang iya papel bilang pumalatók pagbulút-an ukon ang pagkapalanganinawan nga magmamando ang gintalopangod nga bahin sang iya panublion. Para sa mga nagsunod nga taga-Mesopotamia, Ang paghari ni Hammurabi ang nangin talaksan para sa tanan nga dugay nga hitabo. Maskin sa pagkatapos sang pagkawasak sang imperyo nga ginbuhat niya, ginbana kag gintahod siya gihapon isip isa ka halangdon nga mangongolo, kag madamo nga mga hari sa [[Wp/hil/Lapit Sidlakan|Lapit Sidlakan]] nga nagangkon sa iya nga ila kuno nga katigulangan. Si Hammurabi liwat nga na diskobrehan sang mga arkeyolohista sa ulihing ika dise-noybe nga sigo kag halin sadto ginkilala nga importante nga pigura sa maragtas sang kasugoan.<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite book |last=Van De Mieroop |first=Marc |year=2005 |title=King Hammurabi of Babylon: A Biography |publisher=[[Wp/hil/Blackwell Publishing|Blackwell Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-4051-2660-1 |oclc=255676990 |url=https://archive.org/details/kinghammurabiofb00marc }}</ref> ==Ginpahanungudan== [[Category:Wp/hil]] g6cdpp939qth6sf4cx0z7f89qqfeq7q 0 3338245 7240852 5496576 2026-07-06T10:20:41Z Soy20 2653919 7240852 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:seated Statue of Hatshepsut MET Hatshepsut2012.jpg|thumb|Rebulto ni Hatshepsut sa Metropolitanong Museo sang Taliambong]] Si '''Hatshepsut''' (/hætˈʃɛpsʊt/; ukon '''Hatchepsut'''; [[Wp/hil/Ehiptohanon|Ehiptohanon]]: ḥꜣt-špswt "''Pinakauna sa mga Talahuron nga Ginang''"; c. 1507–1458 BC) ang ikalima nga [[Wp/hil/Faraon|faraon]] sang [[Wp/hil/Ika-Dise-otso nga Dinastiya sa Ehipto|ika-Dise-otso nga Dinastiya sa Ehipto]]. Siya ang ikaduha nga napamatud-an nga babaye nga faraon, pagkatapos kay [[Wp/hil/Sobekneferu|Sobekneferu]]. Posible nga may iban pa nga babayi nga nagmando bilang faraon ukon maskin ila kaabay bag-o ni Hatshepsut, parehos kay [[Wp/hil/Neithhotep|Neithhotep]] nga1,600 ka tuig nauna sa iya. [[Category:Wp/hil]] m43rhnuqml9mzv77e2ss1a9kjlmq072 0 3402702 7240337 7198644 2026-07-05T16:13:59Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info|image=Gha Mon and Burmese.gif}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/ɡa̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဂ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ga. gji׃/}} # ''ဃ''စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ စတုတ္ထမြောက် စာလုံး ဖြစ်ပြီးကေ {{Wt/rki/l|rki|ဃကြီး}} လို့လေ့ ခေါ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဃ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɡʱ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးမာ စတုတ္ထမြောက် အက္ခရာ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === fourth of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးတွင် စတုတ္ထမြောက် အက္ခရာ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 8y48s1u49b68ir7bmjdpzs9vakrs3e8 7240614 7240337 2026-07-06T03:24:04Z Retkhaberi 2609544 /* ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် */ 7240614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info|image=Gha Mon and Burmese.gif}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/ɡa̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဂ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ga. gji׃/}} # ''ဃ''စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ စတုတ္ထမြောက် စာလုံး ဖြစ်ပြီးကေ {{Wt/rki/l|rki|ဃကြီး}} လို့လေ့ ခေါ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဃ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɡʱ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးမာ စတုတ္ထမြောက် အက္ခရာ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === fourth of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးတွင် စတုတ္ထမြောက် အက္ခရာ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] tce27448169glecfn5mav0my1grgsd6 7240615 7240614 2026-07-06T03:24:35Z Retkhaberi 2609544 /* ဗမာ */ 7240615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info|image=Gha Mon and Burmese.gif}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/ɡa̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဂ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ga. gji׃/}} # ''ဃ''စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ စတုတ္ထမြောက် စာလုံး ဖြစ်ပြီးကေ {{Wt/rki/l|rki|ဃကြီး}} လို့လေ့ ခေါ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဃ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɡʱ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးမာ စတုတ္ထမြောက် အက္ခရာ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === fourth of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးတွင် စတုတ္ထမြောက် အက္ခရာ။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 3u8t2bgyvyc9xxeqlhgu8mu2rhhgsk1 0 3402719 7240329 7212899 2026-07-05T16:09:37Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/also|စာ|စား|စို|စီး|စော}} {{Wt/rki/character info/new|image=Ca Mon and Burmese.gif}} # [[w:my:ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ]]မာခြောက်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/sa./}} * {{Wt/rki/my-IPA}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|စ.ogg|lang=my}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}}..." 7240329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|စာ|စား|စို|စီး|စော}} {{Wt/rki/character info/new|image=Ca Mon and Burmese.gif}} # [[w:my:ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ]]မာခြောက်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/sa./}} * {{Wt/rki/my-IPA}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|စ.ogg|lang=my}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ ခြောက်လုံး မြောက် စအက္ခရာ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === of arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် ခြောက်လုံး မြောက် စအက္ခရာ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အဦး။ အစ။ ပထမ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === begin - first === ဗမာ === အဦး။ အစ။ ပထမ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အဦးအလျင် ပြုရေ။ တခုခုကို စတင် စီစိုင်ရေ။၂၊ နောက်ရေ။ ကြီစပ်စွာ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === Start - kid === ဗမာ === အဦးအလျင် ပြုသည်။ တစ်ခုခုကို စတင် စီစဉ်သည်။၂၊ နောက်သည်။ ကျီစယ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === လုပ်ငန်း တခုခုကို စတင် လုပ်ဆောင်ရာမာ မပြေ ပြစ်သော အခြီအရဲ ဖြစ်နီပါက ရခိုင် ဝေါဟာရ အနိန်နန့် အဓိပ္ပါယ် ပေါ်လွင်အောင် လေးလေး နက်နက် အသုံးပြုရေ။၂၊ ရန်ဖြစ်ယောင် ဦးစွာ ပြုလုပ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === first === ဗမာ === လုပ်ငန်း တစ်ခုခုကို စတင် လုပ်ဆောင်ရာ၌ မပြေ ပြစ်သော အခြေအနေ ဖြစ်နေပါက ရခိုင် ဝေါဟာရ အနေဖြင့် အဓိပ္ပါယ် ပေါ်လွင်အောင် လေးလေး နက်နက် အသုံးပြုသည်။၂၊ ရန်ဖြစ်အောင် ဦးစွာ ပြုလုပ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === စတင် ကြံစည် ရရေ အခြီခံ အကြောင်းရင်း စနစ် === အင်္ဂလိပ် === reason === ဗမာ === စတင် ကြံစည် ရသော အခြေခံ အကြောင်းရင်း စနစ် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === စဝင်္ဂ နံကောက် ဝေါဟာရမာ ဦးစွာ စတင် ဆိုရရေ အက္ခရာ။ စ၊ ဆ၊ ဇ၊ ဈ၊ ည၊ (အင်္ဂါနံ အသုံး) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === none === ဗမာ === စဝင်္ဂ နံကောက် ဝေါဟာရတွင် ဦးစွာ စတင် ဆိုရသော အက္ခရာ။ စ၊ ဆ၊ ဇ၊ ဈ၊ ည၊ (အင်္ဂါနံ အသုံး) == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === လုပ်ငန်း တရပ်ရပ်ကို လုပ်ရာမာ အဆုံးသတ် ပြီးစီးခြင်းကို ပြရာမာ ပင်ဖြစ်ဖြစ်၊ စပြီးကေ ပြုလုပ်ရာမာ ပင်ဖြစ်ဖြစ် အသုံးပြုရေ။ (စပါး ကြိတ်ပြီးစ။ စာချုပ် ချုပ်ပြီးစ။ ကျောင်းဖွင့်စ။ ထွန်ချ ပြီးခါစ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === Newly completed - start === ဗမာ === လုပ်ငန်း တစ်ရပ်ရပ်ကို လုပ်ရာတွင် အဆုံးသတ် ပြီးစီးခြင်းကို ပြရာ၌ လည်းကောင်း၊ စ၍ ပြုလုပ်ရာတွင် လည်းကောင်း အသုံးပြုသည်။ (စပါး ကြိတ်ပြီးစ။ စာချုပ် ချုပ်ပြီးစ။ ကျောင်းဖွင့်စ။ လယ်ထွန် ပြီးခါစ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === ပစ္စည်း === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ပစ္စည်း}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အရင်းခံ ကြိယာဧ့ အနက်ကို လီးနက် စေလိုရေ စကားလုံး === အင်္ဂလိပ် === support to be meaningful === ဗမာ === အရင်းခံ ကြိယာ၏ အနက်ကို လေးနက် စေလိုသော စကားလုံး == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] q7g1pr7yfuluu7ovdxh6qo7ahb780w6 7240331 7240329 2026-07-05T16:10:20Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 /* အသံထွက် */ 7240331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|စာ|စား|စို|စီး|စော}} {{Wt/rki/character info/new|image=Ca Mon and Burmese.gif}} # [[w:my:ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ]]မာခြောက်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/sa./}} * {{Wt/rki/rki-IPA}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|စ.ogg|lang=rki}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ ခြောက်လုံး မြောက် စအက္ခရာ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === of arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် ခြောက်လုံး မြောက် စအက္ခရာ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အဦး။ အစ။ ပထမ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === begin - first === ဗမာ === အဦး။ အစ။ ပထမ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အဦးအလျင် ပြုရေ။ တခုခုကို စတင် စီစိုင်ရေ။၂၊ နောက်ရေ။ ကြီစပ်စွာ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === Start - kid === ဗမာ === အဦးအလျင် ပြုသည်။ တစ်ခုခုကို စတင် စီစဉ်သည်။၂၊ နောက်သည်။ ကျီစယ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === လုပ်ငန်း တခုခုကို စတင် လုပ်ဆောင်ရာမာ မပြေ ပြစ်သော အခြီအရဲ ဖြစ်နီပါက ရခိုင် ဝေါဟာရ အနိန်နန့် အဓိပ္ပါယ် ပေါ်လွင်အောင် လေးလေး နက်နက် အသုံးပြုရေ။၂၊ ရန်ဖြစ်ယောင် ဦးစွာ ပြုလုပ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === first === ဗမာ === လုပ်ငန်း တစ်ခုခုကို စတင် လုပ်ဆောင်ရာ၌ မပြေ ပြစ်သော အခြေအနေ ဖြစ်နေပါက ရခိုင် ဝေါဟာရ အနေဖြင့် အဓိပ္ပါယ် ပေါ်လွင်အောင် လေးလေး နက်နက် အသုံးပြုသည်။၂၊ ရန်ဖြစ်အောင် ဦးစွာ ပြုလုပ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === စတင် ကြံစည် ရရေ အခြီခံ အကြောင်းရင်း စနစ် === အင်္ဂလိပ် === reason === ဗမာ === စတင် ကြံစည် ရသော အခြေခံ အကြောင်းရင်း စနစ် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === စဝင်္ဂ နံကောက် ဝေါဟာရမာ ဦးစွာ စတင် ဆိုရရေ အက္ခရာ။ စ၊ ဆ၊ ဇ၊ ဈ၊ ည၊ (အင်္ဂါနံ အသုံး) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === none === ဗမာ === စဝင်္ဂ နံကောက် ဝေါဟာရတွင် ဦးစွာ စတင် ဆိုရသော အက္ခရာ။ စ၊ ဆ၊ ဇ၊ ဈ၊ ည၊ (အင်္ဂါနံ အသုံး) == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === လုပ်ငန်း တရပ်ရပ်ကို လုပ်ရာမာ အဆုံးသတ် ပြီးစီးခြင်းကို ပြရာမာ ပင်ဖြစ်ဖြစ်၊ စပြီးကေ ပြုလုပ်ရာမာ ပင်ဖြစ်ဖြစ် အသုံးပြုရေ။ (စပါး ကြိတ်ပြီးစ။ စာချုပ် ချုပ်ပြီးစ။ ကျောင်းဖွင့်စ။ ထွန်ချ ပြီးခါစ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === Newly completed - start === ဗမာ === လုပ်ငန်း တစ်ရပ်ရပ်ကို လုပ်ရာတွင် အဆုံးသတ် ပြီးစီးခြင်းကို ပြရာ၌ လည်းကောင်း၊ စ၍ ပြုလုပ်ရာတွင် လည်းကောင်း အသုံးပြုသည်။ (စပါး ကြိတ်ပြီးစ။ စာချုပ် ချုပ်ပြီးစ။ ကျောင်းဖွင့်စ။ လယ်ထွန် ပြီးခါစ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == စ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/s/}} === ပစ္စည်း === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ပစ္စည်း}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အရင်းခံ ကြိယာဧ့ အနက်ကို လီးနက် စေလိုရေ စကားလုံး === အင်္ဂလိပ် === support to be meaningful === ဗမာ === အရင်းခံ ကြိယာ၏ အနက်ကို လေးနက် စေလိုသော စကားလုံး == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] buv70r0xzbfvsfs33178yiwz8bsyqd1 0 3402742 7240324 7199358 2026-07-05T16:04:59Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/character info/new|image=Cha Mon and Burmese.gif}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA2|/sʰa̰/|lang=mul}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|ဆ.ogg|lang=mul}} # [[w:rki:ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ]]မာ ခုနစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဆ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/sʰ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွ..." 7240324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info/new|image=Cha Mon and Burmese.gif}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA2|/sʰa̰/|lang=mul}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|ဆ.ogg|lang=mul}} # [[w:rki:ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ]]မာ ခုနစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဆ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/sʰ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ ခုနှစ်လုံး မြောက်သော အက္ခရာ။ ဆ လိမ် ဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် ခုနှစ်လုံး မြောက်သော အက္ခရာ။ ဆ လိမ် ဟု ခေါ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဆ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/sʰ၂/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ကြံတွေးရေ။ မှန်းကြည့်ရေ။ ၂၊ မှန်းထားခြင်းအနိန်နန့် ချင့်ချိန်ရေ။ နှိုင်းနိူင်းစွာ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === guess - compare === ဗမာ === ကြံတွေးသည်။ မှန်းကြည့်သည်။ ၂၊ မှန်းထားခြင်း အားဖြင့် ချင့်ချိန်သည်။ နှိုင်းယှဉ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဆ၃ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/sʰ၃/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === မူလ အရင်းခံနန့် တူညီရေ အတိုင်း အထွာ ပမာဏ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === measurement === ဗမာ === မူလ အရင်းခံနှင့် တူညီသော အတိုင်း အထွာ ပမာဏ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 4qmuy55ooo09x1erbttc8r1y0ihl8gk 0 3402758 7240323 7187203 2026-07-05T16:02:41Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/character info/new|image=Ja Mon and Burmese.gif}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/za̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဇ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/za/}} # ''ဇ''စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}မာ အဋ္ဌမမြောက် စာလုံး ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဇ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/z/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွ..." 7240323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info/new|image=Ja Mon and Burmese.gif}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/za̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဇ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/za/}} # ''ဇ''စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}မာ အဋ္ဌမမြောက် စာလုံး ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဇ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/z/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ် သုံးလုံးမာ သျှစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ဇ ကွဲ ဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ် သုံးလုံးတွင် ရှစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ဇ ကွဲ ဟု ခေါ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] jw0qgzpe9b29ebkon508ltgmt5i0b6d 0 3402759 7240322 7187893 2026-07-05T16:00:41Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/za̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|my|My-ဇ.oga}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/za./}} # ''ဈ''စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ နဝမမြောက် ဗျည်းဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဈ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/zʱ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ ကိုးလုံး မြောက်သော ဗျည်း။ ဈမြီဆဲ၊ ဈပြဆွဲ ဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === ninth of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် ကိုးလုံး မြောက်သော ဗျည်း။ ဈမြီဆဲ၊ ဈပြဆွဲ ဟု ခေါ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] fb0ai5sa8hvkn2r1yqlp7pgpbecuuaj 0 3402760 7240318 7187947 2026-07-05T15:58:45Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|ည|ဥ|ညို|ညာ|ညီ|ညှာ}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/ɲa̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/nja./}} # {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ဆယ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ''ည''။ ===ရင်းမြစ်=== * Pali-ဉ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဉ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɲ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ ဆယ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်းအက္ခရာ။ ဉ ဟု ခေါ်ရေ။ (ယင်းကို မူလ အက္ခရာအဖြစ် မသုံးဘဲ အသတ် အက္ခရာမာသာ သုံးရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် ဆယ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်းအက္ခရာ။ ဉ ဟု ခေါ်သည်။ (ယင်းကို မူလ အက္ခရာအဖြစ် မသုံးဘဲ အသတ် အက္ခရာတွင်သာ သုံးသည်။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] cwir7dynke20og7gdoj9e5wtlk5vtou 0 3402762 7240315 7192412 2026-07-05T15:56:29Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/also|ညာ|ဉ|ညို|ညီ|ညှာ}} {{Wt/rki/character info|image=Nya Mon and Burmese.gif}} # {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ တစ်ဆယ့်တစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ''ည''။ ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ nja./}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ည === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɲ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့..." 7240315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|ညာ|ဉ|ညို|ညီ|ညှာ}} {{Wt/rki/character info|image=Nya Mon and Burmese.gif}} # {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ တစ်ဆယ့်တစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ''ည''။ ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ nja./}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ည === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɲ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ ဆယ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ညကြီး === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် ဆယ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ညကြီး == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ည၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɲ၂/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === နီဝင်ရေ နီထွက်စွာ အထိ အချိန်။ ညည့်။ ‘ညရီတထွီ ညည့်ရီကထူး မောင်လပျိုလေ မေ့ကိုကြိုက်ကေ ချစ်ယောင်ကားလေ’ (ဇမ်း) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === night === ဗမာ === နေဝင်သည် နေထွက်သည် အထိ အချိန်။ ညည့်။ ‘ညရီတထွီ ညည့်ရီကထူး မောင်လူပျိုလေ မေ့ကိုကြိုက်ကေ ချစ်ယောင်ကားလေ’ (ဇမ်း) == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 5itd8lywq64prm67jvc1iir2mvv0fq5 0 3402763 7240312 6926571 2026-07-05T15:53:49Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/ta̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ta./}} # ''ဋ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}မာ ဆယ့်တစ်လုံးမြောက်ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဋ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/t/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ တဆယ့်တလုံး မြောက်သော ဗျည်း။ ဋတလင်းချိတ်။ ဋစလင်းချိတ်ဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် တစ်ဆယ့်တစ်လုံး မြောက်သော ဗျည်း။ ဋတလင်းချိတ်။ ဋသလင်းချိတ်ဟု ခေါ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] gmqepka6zk1bfvt4r1zpptdjqdr17te 0 3402764 7240308 6926572 2026-07-05T15:51:04Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/tʰa̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ထ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/hta./}} # ''ဌ''စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}မာ ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမြောက် ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဌ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/tʰ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ တဆယ့် နှစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ဌဝမ်းခွဲဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် တစ်ဆယ့် နှစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ဌဝမ်းခွဲဟု ခေါ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] e5e6y2hrcgjfwydiwxtminkz3a9dh61 0 3402766 7240307 6926575 2026-07-05T15:49:11Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/da̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဒ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/da./}} # ''ဍ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ တစ်ဆယ့်သုံးလုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ==ဆက်စပ်== *[[Wt/rki/ဍယန်ကောက်|ဍယန်ကောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/ဍသံကောက်|ဍသံကောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/ဍဏ္ဍုလမင်း|ဍဏ္ဍုလမင်း]] == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဍ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/d/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးရို့မာ တဆယ်သုံးလုံး မြောက် ဗျည်း။ ဍယန်ကောက်။ ဍသံကောက် ဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတို့တွင် တစ်ဆယ်သုံးလုံး မြောက် ဗျည်း။ ဍယန်ကောက်။ ဍသံကောက် ဟု ခေါ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] dcpkzskp7j78cvxlo0h5uk6oyngasru 0 3402769 7240305 6926576 2026-07-05T15:46:54Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/da̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဒ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/da./}} # ''ဎ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ တစ်ဆယ့်လေးလုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ==ဆက်စပ်== *[[Wt/rki/ၓဌရဌ|ၓဌရဌ]] *[[Wt/rki/ၓရီမှုတ်|ၓရီမှုတ်]] == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ၓ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ၓ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ တဆယ့် လေးလုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ၓရီမှုတ်ဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် တစ်ဆယ့် လေးလုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ၓရီမှုတ်ဟု ခေါ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] oxarp54qpj2qrv48lzboms0ob6blrlv 0 3402770 7240304 6926577 2026-07-05T15:44:40Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/na̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|န.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/na./}} # ''ဏ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ တစ်ဆယ့်ငါးလုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ==ဆက်စပ်== *[[Wt/rki/ဏကြီး|ဏကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/ဏစည်ပင်|ဏစည်ပင်]] == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဏ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/n/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့် သုံးလုံး ရို့မာ တဆယ့်ငါးလုံး မြောက် ဗျည်း။ ဏကြီး ဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့် သုံးလုံး တို့တွင် တစ်ဆယ့်ငါးလုံး မြောက် ဗျည်း။ ဏကြီး ဟု ခေါ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] c7my2qomh42yc8xyiiwry2g1qjutaxn 0 3402783 7240302 6926582 2026-07-05T15:42:18Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/also|တႋ|တꩻ|⧜|თ|ᥖ|ᦎ|𑄖}} {{Wt/rki/character info|image=Ta Mon and Burmese.gif}} # ''တ'' သည် {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၁၆ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ta./}} * {{Wt/rki/IPA2|/ta̰/|lang=mul}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|တ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/ta̰/}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == တ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/r..." 7240302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|တႋ|တꩻ|⧜|თ|ᥖ|ᦎ|𑄖}} {{Wt/rki/character info|image=Ta Mon and Burmese.gif}} # ''တ'' သည် {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၁၆ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ta./}} * {{Wt/rki/IPA2|/ta̰/|lang=mul}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|တ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/ta̰/}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == တ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/t/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ တဆယ့်ခြောက် လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ (တဝမ်းတက်ဟု ပင်ဖြစ်ဖြစ်၊ တဝမ်းပူဟု ပင်ဖြစ်ဖြစ် ခေါ်ရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === Sixteenth of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် တစ်ဆယ့်ခြောက် လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ (တစ်ဝမ်းတက်ဟု လည်းကောင်း၊ တဝမ်းပူဟု လည်းကောင်း ခေါ်သည်။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == တ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/t၂/}} === နာမဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဆယ်၊ ရာ၊ ထောင်၊ သောင်း အစဟိစွာရို့နန့် တွဲပြီးကေ သုံးရရေအခါ သုံးသော တသင်္ချာဧ့ အက္ခရာ ဂဏန်း အတိုကောက်။ တ။ (တရက်၊ တလ၊ တနှစ်၊ တသက်၊ တဘဝ စရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === one === ဗမာ === ဆယ်၊ ရာ၊ ထောင်၊ သောင်း စသည်တို့နှင့် တွဲ၍ သုံးရသောအခါ သုံးသော တစ်သင်္ချာ၏ အက္ခရာ ဂဏန်း အတိုကောက်။ တစ်။ (တစ်ရက်၊ တစ်လ၊ တစ်နှစ်၊ တစ်သက်၊ တစ်ဘဝ စသည်။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == တ၃ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/t၃/}} === ပစ္စည်း === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ပစ္စည်း}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သေချာစွာ မဟုတ်ရေ အကြောင်းအရာ (တခုတရီ) ကို ဖော်ပြဖို့ နှစ်ခုထပ်လို့ ပြုထားရေ နာမ်ဟိ့မာ သုံးရရေ စကားလုံး။ (တရက်ရက်၊ တရက်နိ၊ တဦးတလီ၊ တပါးပါးအစဟိစွာအနိန်နန့် သုံးရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === owt === ဗမာ === သေချာသည် မဟုတ်သော အကြောင်းအရာ (တစ်စုံတစ်ရာ) ကို ဖော်ပြရန် နှစ်ခုထပ်၍ ပြုထားသော နာမ်ရှေ့တွင် သုံးရသော စကားလုံး။ (တစ်ရက်ရက်၊ တစ်နေ့နေ့၊ တစ်ဦးဦး၊ တစ်ပါးပါးစသည်ဖြင့် သုံးသည်။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == တ၄ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/t၄/}} === ပစ္စည်း === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ပစ္စည်း}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === စိုင်ဆက်မပြတ် ဖြစ်ရေ အနက်ကို ဖော်ပြဖို့ နှစ်ခု၊ နှစ်ထပ် ပြုထားရေ ကြိယာဟိ့မာ သုံးရရေ စကားလုံး။ (တမွိန့်မွိန့်။ တထောင်းထောင်း။ တဆတ်ဆတ်။ တရုရု စစွာတိနန့် သုံးရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === owt === ဗမာ === စဉ်ဆက်မပြတ် ဖြစ်သော အနက်ကို ဖော်ပြရန် နှစ်ခု၊ နှစ်ထပ် ပြုထားသော ကြိယာရှေ့တွင် သုံးရသော စကားလုံး။ (တမွိန့်မွိန့်။ တထောင်းထောင်း။ တဆတ်ဆတ်။ တတွတ်တွတ် စသည်တို့ဖြင့် သုံးသည်။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == တ၅ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/t၅/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === တောင်းဆို မြွက်ဟ ခေါ်ဝေါ်ရေ။ အောက်မိလွမ်းကြင်၊ သခင်ယောက်ျား၊ ဘုရားမ ပါ၊ တ သခေါ်ပနာ’ (ထွန်းတိ) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === demand === ဗမာ === တောင်းဆို မြွက်ဟ ခေါ်ဝေါ်သည်။ အောက်မေ့လွမ်းကြင်၊ သခင်ယောက်ျား၊ ဘုရားမ ပါ၊ တ သခေါ်၍’ (ထွန်းတိ) == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 1frq900q0fsyorvorgvd0c6yt95s6ck 0 3402784 7240301 6926588 2026-07-05T15:38:04Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/also|∞|ᢁ|𑄗}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} # ''ထ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၁၇ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/hta./}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ထ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/tʰ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သု..." 7240301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|∞|ᢁ|𑄗}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} # ''ထ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၁၇ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/hta./}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ထ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/tʰ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ တဆယ့်ခုနစ်လုံး မြောက်သော ဗျည်း။ ထဝမ်းစိ ဆိုပနာ ပင်ဖြစ်ဖြစ်၊ ထဆံထုံး ဆိုပနာ ပင်ဖြစ်ဖြစ် ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် တစ်ဆယ့်ခုနစ်လုံး မြောက်သော ဗျည်း။ ထဝမ်းစိ ဟူ၍ လည်းကောင်း၊ ထဆံထုံး ဟူ၍ လည်းကောင်း ခေါ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] sll4dtxd64ru17v0o3j7o7ai7uisd0g 0 3402787 7240299 6926597 2026-07-05T15:35:41Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/da̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဒ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/da./}} # ''ဒ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၁၈ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဒ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/d/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက်..." 7240299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/da̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဒ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/da./}} # ''ဒ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၁၈ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဒ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/d/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ တဆယ်သျှစ်လုံး မြောက် ဗျည်း အက္ခရာ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် တစ်ဆယ်ရှစ်လုံး မြောက် ဗျည်း အက္ခရာ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] g9gfu3n758vi6aq24p95guopi5ikksm 0 3402790 7240295 6926600 2026-07-05T15:33:34Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/da̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဒ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/da./}} # ''ဓ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၁၉ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်းဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဓ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/dʱ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ တဆယ့်ကိုးလုံး မြောက် အက္ခရာ။ ဓဝချိုင့် (ဓအောက်ချိုင့်) ဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် တစ်ဆယ့်ကိုးလုံး မြောက် အက္ခရာ။ ဓဝချိုင့် (ဓအောက်ချိုင့်) ဟု ခေါ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] p6qxv4mqu4r9ogqtmpn8ifg4rzuttt9 0 3402792 7240292 7162619 2026-07-05T15:31:07Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/na̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|န.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/na./}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|န.ogg|lang=mul}} # ''န'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၂၀ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == န === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/n/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} ===..." 7240292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/na̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|န.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/na./}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|န.ogg|lang=mul}} # ''န'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၂၀ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == န === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/n/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ အလုံး နှစ်ဆယ့်မြောက် အက္ခရာ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် အလုံး နှစ်ဆယ့်မြောက် အက္ခရာ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == န၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/n၂/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === နုံချာရေ။ အ ရေ။ ညံ့ဖျင်းရေ။ ‘ကကောင်း အ လွန်း၊ န လွန်းရေ လူကို’ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === dumb === ဗမာ === နုံချာသည်။ အ သည်။ ညံ့ဖျင်းသည်။ ‘ကောင်းကောင်း အ လွန်း၊ န လွန်းရေ လူကို’ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] q9rtrqfzyxonyxea187hdzak24b4xnt 0 3402794 7240289 7193887 2026-07-05T15:27:05Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/also|𑄛}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/pa̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ပ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/pa./}} # ''ပ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}} ဟိ ၂၁ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ပ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/p/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့..." 7240289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|𑄛}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/pa̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ပ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/pa./}} # ''ပ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}} ဟိ ၂၁ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ပ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/p/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ နှစ်ဆယ့် တလုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း === အင်္ဂလိပ် === th of Arakanese consonant === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် နှစ်ဆယ့် တစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ပ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/p၂/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === တင့်ရေရေ။ ကျက်သရေ ဟိရေ။ တင့်ရေသော အသွင်ကို ဆောင်ရေ။ အသရီကို ဆောင်ရေ။ တင့်ရေစွာ တည်နီရေ။ ‘ဆံထုံး နောက်တွဲ ထုံးလို့ပ လို့ ထိုင်နီရေ ကြည်လို့ပင် မဝကာ’ (အရပ်)။ ၂၊ ထွန်းတောက်ရေ။ ဝင်းလက်ရေ။ ‘လစ နီလေ ညချိန်ကျလို့၊ ပ ကာနီကျင်၊ ပြိုင်ပင်ကို၊ မြင်ပါဧ့လား === အင်္ဂလိပ် === bright === ဗမာ === တင့်တယ်သည်။ ကျက်သရေ ယှိသည်။ တင့်တယ်သော အသွင်ကို ဆောင်သည်။ အသရေကို ဆောင်သည်။ တင့်တယ်စွာ တည်နေသည်။ ‘ဆံထုံး နောက်တွဲ ထုံးလို့ပ လို့ ထိုင်နီရေ ကြည်လို့ပင် မဝကာ’ (အရပ်)။ ၂၊ ထွန်းတောက်သည်။ ဝင်းလက်သည်။ ‘လစ နီလေ ညချိန်ကျလို့၊ ပ ကာနေကျင်၊ ပြိုင်ပင်ကို၊ မြင်ပါ၏လား == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] tgkzncvykmtu4o0oj3glqts35a9sj7l 0 3402812 7240288 7161318 2026-07-05T15:24:39Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/also|-ဖ|𑄜}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/pʰa̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဖ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/hpa./}} # ''ဖ''စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}} ဟိ ၂၂ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဖ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/pʰ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖ..." 7240288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|-ဖ|𑄜}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/pʰa̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဖ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/hpa./}} # ''ဖ''စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}} ဟိ ၂၂ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဖ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/pʰ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ နှစ်ဆယ့် နှစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ (ဖဝထုပ်ဟု ခေါ်ရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === Twenty-second letter of the Arakanese alphabet === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် နှစ်ဆယ့် နှစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ (ဖဦးထုပ်ဟု ခေါ်သည်။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဖ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/pʰ၂/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဖခင်ကို ခေါ်သော စကား။ ဖကိုလက်ယာ၊ မိကိုလက်ဝဲ၊ ပက်ခုံးထက်မာ တင်လို့ကျွေးလည်း ကျေးဆပ်မကုန်။ (ပုတေ္တာ) (အဖ၊ ဖခင်၊ မွီးဖ အစဟိစွာအနိန်နန့်လည်း သုံးရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === father === ဗမာ === ဖခင်ကို ခေါ်သော စကား။ ဖကိုလက်ယာ၊ မိကိုလက်ဝဲ၊ ပက်ခုံးပေါ်တွင် တင်လို့ကျွေးလည်း ကျေးဆပ်မကုန်။ (ပုတေ္တာ) (အဖ၊ ဖခင်၊ မွီးဖ စသည်ဖြင့်လည်း သုံးသည်။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဖ၃ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/pʰ၃/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဖရေ။ ဖလှယ်ရေ။ ဒယောင်းချင်း ဖဝတ်ကတ်တေ (အရပ်) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === exchange === ဗမာ === လဲလှယ်သည်။ ဖလှယ်သည်။ ဒယောင်းချင်း ဖဝတ်ကတ်တေ (အရပ်) == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 8258wthw5exq5mfjvtgm94bk59xgaov 0 3402813 7240286 6983235 2026-07-05T15:22:02Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/also|𑄝}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/ba̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဗ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ba./}} # ''ဗ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင် အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၂၃ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဗ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/b/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့..." 7240286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|𑄝}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA|mul|/ba̰/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ဗ.ogg}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ba./}} # ''ဗ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင် အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၂၃ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဗ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/b/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးမာ နှစ်ဆယ့်သုံးလုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ဗလချိတ်ဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === the rd letter of the Arakanese alphabet === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးတွင် နှစ်ဆယ့်သုံးလုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ဗလချိတ်ဟု ခေါ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 1p0kbnqnddc0207llv69accredl7aca 0 3402816 7240281 7179118 2026-07-05T15:18:17Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/also|ဘဲ|ဘီး|ဘာ|ဘူး|ဘှ့ၣ်|ဘု|ဘီ}} {{Wt/rki/character info/new}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA2|/ba̰/|lang=mul}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|ဗ.ogg|lang=mul}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ba/}} # [[w:my:ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ]]မာ ၂၄ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဘ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/bʱ/}} ===..." 7240281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|ဘဲ|ဘီး|ဘာ|ဘူး|ဘှ့ၣ်|ဘု|ဘီ}} {{Wt/rki/character info/new}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/IPA2|/ba̰/|lang=mul}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|ဗ.ogg|lang=mul}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ba/}} # [[w:my:ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ]]မာ ၂၄ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဘ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/bʱ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးရို့မာ နှစ်ဆယ့် လေးလုံးမြောက် ဖြစ်ရေ ဗျည်း။ ဘကုန်းဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === the th letter of the Arakanese alphabet === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးတို့တွင် နှစ်ဆယ့် လေးလုံးမြောက် ဖြစ်သော ဗျည်း။ ဘကုန်းဟု ခေါ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဘ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/bʱ၂/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သားသမီး ဖြစ်ထွန်းစီနှိုင်ရေ အဖိုအမနှစ်ဦးရို့မာ အဖိုသတ္တဝါ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === male === ဗမာ === သားသမီး ဖြစ်ထွန်းစေနိုင်သော အဖိုအမနှစ်ဦးတို့တွင် အဖိုသတ္တဝါ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] m48n0kclrfois5a3d5ir84wtdtahde6 0 3402817 7240612 7239974 2026-07-06T03:12:07Z အောင်သန်းလှ 2629904 /* မြောက် */ 7240612 wikitext text/x-wiki ==မ== *[[Wt/rki/မက|မက]] *[[Wt/rki/မကလီ|မကလီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကသိ|မကသိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကာကွယ်ဘဲ|မကာကွယ်ဘဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကာဒယော|မကာဒယော]] *[[Wt/rki/မကာဖူး|မကာဖူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မကာသနီ|မကာသနီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကူလီ|မကူလီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကင်းတရား|မကင်းတရား]] *[[Wt/rki/မကင်းရာမကင်းကြောင်း|မကင်းရာမကင်းကြောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မကောက်|မကောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မကောင်းကတတ်|မကောင်းကတတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မကောင်းစွာ|မကောင်းစွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကောင်းစွာကောင်းစွာ|မကောင်းစွာကောင်းစွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကောင်းစွာမ|မကောင်းစွာမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကောင်းစွာသျှေ|မကောင်းစွာသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကောင်းဆိုးဝါး|မကောင်းဆိုးဝါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မကောင်းတရိ|မကောင်းတရိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကောင်းတကောင်း|မကောင်းတကောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မကောင်းတရောင်း|မကောင်းတရောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မကောင်းမကန်း|မကောင်းမကန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မကောင်းမှု|မကောင်းမှု]] *[[Wt/rki/မကိုဋ်|မကိုဋ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မကန်|မကန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မကန်တကန်|မကန်တကန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မကန်တန်တန်|မကန်တန်တန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မကန်မလွန်|မကန်မလွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မကန်မဝှန်|မကန်မဝှန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မကိုယ|မကိုယ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကိုးမကန့်|မကိုးမကန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မကိုးအပ်သည့်သုံးပါး|မကိုးအပ်သည့်သုံးပါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မကျီ|မကျီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကျီတကျီ|မကျီတကျီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကျော်အပ်သည့်သုံးပါး|မကျော်အပ်သည့်သုံးပါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မကျိုင်|မကျိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မကျိုင်းမမာ|မကျိုင်းမမာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကျိုင်းမါ|မကျိုင်းမါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကျန်|မကျန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မကြာခဏ|မကြာခဏ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကြာမကြာ|မကြာမကြာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကြာမနှောင်း|မကြာမနှောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မကြားကောင်းမနာသာကောင်း|မကြားကောင်းမနာသာကောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မကြားတကြား|မကြားတကြား]] *[[Wt/rki/မကြားတကွန်|မကြားတကွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မကြဲမသိပ်|မကြဲမသိပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မကြည့်မလှ|မကြည့်မလှ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကြံအပ်မကြံစည်ရာ|မကြံအပ်မကြံစည်ရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မကွာဖူး|မကွာဖူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မကွာစိ|မကွာစိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မခ|မခ]] *[[Wt/rki/မခစပ်|မခစပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မခေါက်တလောက်|မခေါက်တလောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မခေါင်း|မခေါင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မခုပ်|မခုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မခံချိ|မခံချိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မခံချိမခံသာ|မခံချိမခံသာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မခံချင်|မခံချင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မခံ့တရံ့|မခံ့တရံ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မခုံ|မခုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မခုံမင်|မခုံမင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မခို့တရို့|မခို့တရို့]] *[[Wt/rki/မချိ|မချိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မချိကြွီကွဲ|မချိကြွီကွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မချိစာ|မချိစာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မချိဆင်းရဲ|မချိဆင်းရဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မချိတချီ|မချိတချီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မချိတရီ.|မချိတရီ.]] *[[Wt/rki/မချိမခံ့|မချိမခံ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မချိမနာ|မချိမနာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မချိမမာ|မချိမမာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မချီးရ|မချီးရ]] *[[Wt/rki/မချမ်းမသာ|မချမ်းမသာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မချိုမချဉ်|မချိုမချဉ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မခြီ|မခြီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မခြီမငံ|မခြီမငံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မခြူခြာ|မခြူခြာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မခွာ|မခွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မခွာပေါက်|မခွာပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မချွတ်|မချွတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မငိုက်တငိုက်|မငိုက်တငိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မစာညှာ|မစာညှာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မစားကျီ|မစားကျီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မစားစာဖြစ်စားစာဖြစ်|မစားစာဖြစ်စားစာဖြစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မစားတကွန်|မစားတကွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မစားရတတ်|မစားရတတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မစားရတတ်စားရတတ်|မစားရတတ်စားရတတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မစိတစိ|မစိတစိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မစီးမစစ်|မစီးမစစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မစီးမစပ်|မစီးမစပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မစဲမရဲ|မစဲမရဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မစင်|မစင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မစိုက်မစာ|မစိုက်မစာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မစပ်ကရာ|မစပ်ကရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မစပ်ကာစပ်ကာ|မစပ်ကာစပ်ကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မစပ်တငတ်|မစပ်တငတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မစပ်မစာ|မစပ်မစာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မစို့ကရို့|မစို့ကရို့]] *[[Wt/rki/မစွမ်းပြင်း|မစွမ်းပြင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆာညှာ|မဆာညှာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆီမဆိုင်|မဆီမဆိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆူးတရဲ|မဆူးတရဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆက်|မဆက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆိုင်ကရိုင်|မဆိုင်ကရိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆိုင်းမတွ|မဆိုင်းမတွ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆုတ်မဆိုင်း|မဆုတ်မဆိုင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆုတ်မနစ်|မဆုတ်မနစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆန်သာ|မဆန်သာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆံ့တငံ့|မဆံ့တငံ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆံ့တရံ့|မဆံ့တရံ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆိုစကောင်းဆိုစကောင်း|မဆိုစကောင်းဆိုစကောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆိုစလောက်|မဆိုစလောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆိုနှိုင်|မဆိုနှိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဆွ|မဆွ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဇာ|မဇာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဇောင်|မဇောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မညီး|မညီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မညင်းဆီ|မညင်းဆီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မညင်းပြောက်|မညင်းပြောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မညင်းရုပ်|မညင်းရုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မညင်းသျှေ|မညင်းသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မညှင်းစိရောင်|မညှင်းစိရောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မညှင်းပင်|မညှင်းပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မညှိုးပန်း|မညှိုးပန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မဏိ|မဏိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဏိတော်|မဏိတော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဏိဦးစွန်|မဏိဦးစွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဏိဦးစွန်းဆရာတော်|မဏိဦးစွန်းဆရာတော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတကဘတ်|မတကဘတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတရစ်|မတရစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတားသာ|မတားသာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မတီးမမြည်|မတီးမမြည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတူးမချစ်|မတူးမချစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတဲဝါး|မတဲဝါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မတော်|မတော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတော်ကရော်|မတော်ကရော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတော်ကေ|မတော်ကေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မတော်တဆ|မတော်တဆ]] *[[Wt/rki/မတော်မတရား|မတော်မတရား]] *[[Wt/rki/မတော်မတန်|မတော်မတန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတော်လို့|မတော်လို့]] *[[Wt/rki/မတင်မကျ|မတင်မကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မတောက်ခလောက်|မတောက်ခလောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတတ်ကာတတ်ကာ|မတတ်ကာတတ်ကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မတတ်တတ်|မတတ်တတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတတ်သာဆုံး|မတတ်သာဆုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မတတ်သာလို့သာ|မတတ်သာလို့သာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မတံ|မတံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မတန်|မတန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတန်စွာတန်စွာ|မတန်စွာတန်စွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မတန်တဆ|မတန်တဆ]] *[[Wt/rki/မတန်တတန်|မတန်တတန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတန်မကန်|မတန်မကန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတန်မဆ|မတန်မဆ]] *[[Wt/rki/မတန်မလွန်|မတန်မလွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတန့်တန်း|မတန့်တန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မတမ်း|မတမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မတမ်းကတိမ်း|မတမ်းကတိမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မတုံ့မယုံ့|မတုံ့မယုံ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မတုံး|မတုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မတုံးဖြူ|မတုံးဖြူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မတိုးတွန့်|မတိုးတွန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မထမထိုင်|မထမထိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မထိချင်ထိချင်|မထိချင်ထိချင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မထိတထိ|မထိတထိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မထိမခိုက်|မထိမခိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မထိယောင်ယောင်ထိယောင်ယောင်|မထိယောင်ယောင်ထိယောင်ယောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မထီကလော|မထီကလော]] *[[Wt/rki/မထီကလောထီကလော|မထီကလောထီကလော]] *[[Wt/rki/မထီလေးစား|မထီလေးစား]] *[[Wt/rki/မထော်ကရော်|မထော်ကရော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မထောင့်|မထောင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မထောင်းတာ|မထောင်းတာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဒိမ်း|မဒိမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မနရာမနထောင်|မနရာမနထောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မနာခံ|မနာခံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မနာလို|မနာလို]] *[[Wt/rki/မနားတမ်း|မနားတမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မနားမနီ|မနားမနီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မနားယေ့|မနားယေ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မနိကြာရှည်|မနိကြာရှည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မနိတာရှည်|မနိတာရှည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မနီတတ်မထိုင်တတ်|မနီတတ်မထိုင်တတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မနီးမဝီး|မနီးမဝီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မနည်း|မနည်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မနော်ဟာရီထီး|မနော်ဟာရီထီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မနူးမနပ်|မနူးမနပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မနက်ထ|မနက်ထ]] *[[Wt/rki/မနက်ဖြန်|မနက်ဖြန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မနိုင်တနိုင်|မနိုင်တနိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မနိုင်မနင်း|မနိုင်မနင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မနပ်|မနပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မနပ်ခြင်းဆိုး|မနပ်ခြင်းဆိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မနပ်စွာ|မနပ်စွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မနပ်ယောင်ယောင်နပ်ယောင်ယောင်|မနပ်ယောင်ယောင်နပ်ယောင်ယောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မနံ|မနံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မနံစွာ|မနံစွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မနမ်းခါ|မနမ်းခါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မနှုန်းကေ့|မနှုန်းကေ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မနှုန်းသာ|မနှုန်းသာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မပါးမနပ်|မပါးမနပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မပီတချက်ပီတချက်|မပီတချက်ပီတချက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မပီတပီ|မပီတပီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မပို့မစို့|မပို့မစို့]] *[[Wt/rki/မပြီကလာပြီကလာ|မပြီကလာပြီကလာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မပြီတော့တွပြီးတော့တွ|မပြီတော့တွပြီးတော့တွ]] *[[Wt/rki/မပြောစလောက်|မပြောစလောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မပြောပလောက်|မပြောပလောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မပြတ်ခရီး|မပြတ်ခရီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မပြတ်ဆီ|မပြတ်ဆီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မပြန်ခရီး|မပြန်ခရီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မပြန်သီး|မပြန်သီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မပြတ်တပြတ်|မပြတ်တပြတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မပွမပါး|မပွမပါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မပွင့်တပွင့်|မပွင့်တပွင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဖီး|မဖီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မဖီးမ|မဖီးမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဖိတ်မစဉ်|မဖိတ်မစဉ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဖိတ်မယို|မဖိတ်မယို]] *[[Wt/rki/မဖြစ်စွာရာ|မဖြစ်စွာရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မရဏ|မရဏ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဖွယ်မရာ|မဖွယ်မရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မမ|မမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မမကိုယ်|မမကိုယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမကြီး|မမကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မမကြမ်း|မမကြမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မမချေ|မမချေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မမချိုင်|မမချိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမဆန်ခါ|မမဆန်ခါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မမဉာဏ်|မမဉာဏ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမတွက်|မမတွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမပျက်|မမပျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမဖေါ်|မမဖေါ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမပိုင်|မမပိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမမှု|မမမှု]] *[[Wt/rki/မမလယာ|မမလယာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မမဝတ်|မမဝတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမသျှေ|မမသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မမာ|မမာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မမာကွန်ပြု|မမာကွန်ပြု]] *[[Wt/rki/မမာမဆာ|မမာမဆာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မမိမမော|မမိမမော]] *[[Wt/rki/မမီကန့်လန့်|မမီကန့်လန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမီတမီ|မမီတမီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မမူ|မမူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မမေးအပ်ရာသုံးပါး|မမေးအပ်ရာသုံးပါး]] *[[Wt/rki/အမြဲတမြဲ|အမြဲတမြဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မမြင်ကွန်|မမြင်ကွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမြင်စပ်ဖူးမြင်စပ်ဖူး|မမြင်စပ်ဖူးမြင်စပ်ဖူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မမြုပ်တမြုပ်|မမြုပ်တမြုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမြန်းစမ်း|မမြန်းစမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မမြန်းမစမ်း|မမြန်းမစမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မမြိန်|မမြိန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမွတ်|မမွတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမွတ်စက်စက်|မမွတ်စက်စက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမွန်|မမွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမွန်းရာတွိရေ|မမွန်းရာတွိရေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မမှု|မမှု]] *[[Wt/rki/မမှုစလောက်|မမှုစလောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမှောင့်လာကေ့|မမှောင့်လာကေ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မမျှရာမမျှထောင်|မမျှရာမမျှထောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မမျှသောင်းထောင်|မမျှသောင်းထောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မယား|မယား]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားကြီး|မယားကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားဂေါင်းစား|မယားဂေါင်းစား]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားငယ်|မယားငယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားငန်းလိုက်|မယားငန်းလိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားစုံလင်စုံ|မယားစုံလင်စုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားညီအည်းမ|မယားညီအည်းမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားတရူး|မယားတရူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားနီစပ်|မယားနီစပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားနှောင်း|မယားနှောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားပါ|မယားပါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားပြု|မယားပြု]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားပိန်းပြောင်|မယားပိန်းပြောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားလယာ|မယားလယာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားလယားကြည့်|မယားလယားကြည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားလယာဆို|မယားလယာဆို]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားလာယာမိန်း|မယားလာယာမိန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မယားသီလင်စား|မယားသီလင်စား]] *[[Wt/rki/မယူမ|မယူမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မယူသျှင်မ|မယူသျှင်မ]] *[[Wt/rki/မယောင်မဝါ|မယောင်မဝါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မယုတ်မလွန်|မယုတ်မလွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မယုံချင်ယုံချင်|မယုံချင်ယုံချင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မယုံတစ်ဝက်ယုံတစ်ဝက်|မယုံတစ်ဝက်ယုံတစ်ဝက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မယုံမနာ|မယုံမနာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မယုံသင်္ကာ|မယုံသင်္ကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မယုံ့မတုံ့|မယုံ့မတုံ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မယှူနိုင်မယှိုက်နိုင်|မယှူနိုင်မယှိုက်နိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မရကေမနီ|မရကေမနီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မရစွာရာ|မရစွာရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မရဏ|မရဏ]] *[[Wt/rki/မရနန့်အရ|မရနန့်အရ]] *[[Wt/rki/မရပါယာ|မရပါယာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မရမက|မရမက]] *[[Wt/rki/မရမနီ|မရမနီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မရမာ|မရမာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မရမာကြီး|မရမာကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မရရာ|မရရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မရာ|မရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မရာမဖွယ်|မရာမဖွယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မရာမအပ်|မရာမအပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မရီး|မရီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မရီးနန့်မတ်|မရီးနန့်မတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မရဲမဝံ့|မရဲမဝံ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မရည်မလည်|မရည်မလည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မရိပ်မိ|မရိပ်မိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မရုန်းသာမရွံ့သာ|မရုန်းသာမရွံ့သာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မရိုမသေမဟောက်ပါဒေ|မရိုမသေမဟောက်ပါဒေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မရိုး|မရိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မရိုးပေါက်ပေါက်|မရိုးပေါက်ပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မရိုးမသား|မရိုးမသား]] *[[Wt/rki/မရိုးသား|မရိုးသား]] *[[Wt/rki/မရွီး|မရွီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မရွတ်|မရွတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မရွတ်လိမ်လှီကား|မရွတ်လိမ်လှီကား]] *[[Wt/rki/မရွိတ်|မရွိတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မရွိတ်ချောင်း|မရွိတ်ချောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မရှား|မရှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မရှီးမနှောင်း|မရှီးမနှောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မလား|မလား]] *[[Wt/rki/မလေးပွား|မလေးပွား]] *[[Wt/rki/မလေးမခန့်|မလေးမခန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မလစ်ရ|မလစ်ရ]] *[[Wt/rki/မလောက်တလောက်|မလောက်တလောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မလောက်မင|မလောက်မင]] *[[Wt/rki/မလောက်မလေး|မလောက်မလေး]] *[[Wt/rki/မလပ်|မလပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မလိမ်စွတ်ကေ|မလိမ်စွတ်ကေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မလိမ်မတွတ်|မလိမ်မတွတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မလိမ်မမာ|မလိမ်မမာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မလိမ့်တပတ်|မလိမ့်တပတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မလုံ|မလုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မလုံတလုံ|မလုံတလုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မလိုတကွန်|မလိုတကွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မလိုမုန်းတင်း|မလိုမုန်းတင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မလိုအတင်း|မလိုအတင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မလိုအပ်လိုအပ်|မလိုအပ်လိုအပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မလွလှာကေ့|မလွလှာကေ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မလွှဲစသော|မလွှဲစသော]] *[[Wt/rki/မလွဲဧကန်|မလွဲဧကန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မလွယ်ပေါက်|မလွယ်ပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မလွန်မကျွံ|မလွန်မကျွံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မလွန်းပျက်|မလွန်းပျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မလှ|မလှ]] *[[Wt/rki/မလှတလှ|မလှတလှ]] *[[Wt/rki/မလှမက|မလှမက]] *[[Wt/rki/မလှမပ|မလှမပ]] *[[Wt/rki/မလှမ်းတကမ်း|မလှမ်းတကမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မလွှဲသာမယှောင်သာ|မလွှဲသာမယှောင်သာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဝတဝ|မဝတဝ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဝတ်ရတတ်ဝတ်ရတတ်|မဝတ်ရတတ်ဝတ်ရတတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဝံ့စား|မဝံ့စား]] *[[Wt/rki/မဝံ့တရဲ|မဝံ့တရဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဝံ့တဝံ့|မဝံ့တဝံ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မသကာကေ|မသကာကေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသထာ|မသထာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသထာချင်|မသထာချင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မသထာသထာ|မသထာသထာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသမ|မသမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသမာ|မသမာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသရေကေ့|မသရေကေ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မသာ|မသာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသာချ|မသာချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသာထောင်း|မသာထောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မသာမအီ|မသာမအီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသာလေပါသိ|မသာလေပါသိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသားနား|မသားနား]] *[[Wt/rki/မသိကိုးကွန်|မသိကိုးကွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မသိဆိုးရွား|မသိဆိုးရွား]] *[[Wt/rki/မသိတကွန်|မသိတကွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မသိမသာ|မသိမသာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသိလိုက်မသိပါ|မသိလိုက်မသိပါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသိသာ|မသိသာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသီကောင်းမပျောက်ကောင်း|မသီကောင်းမပျောက်ကောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မသီတသီ|မသီတသီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသီမရှင်တန်းကြီးတင်|မသီမရှင်တန်းကြီးတင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မသီရှင်စာ|မသီရှင်စာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသူတရှု|မသူတရှု]] *[[Wt/rki/မသော်တရော်|မသော်တရော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မသက်သာ|မသက်သာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသင်္ကာ|မသင်္ကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသိတ်|မသိတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မသံတိုက်|မသံတိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မသံထိ|မသံထိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသန္ဒီ|မသန္ဒီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသုန်|မသုန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မသုကုန်|မသုကုန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မသုန်ပွဲ|မသုန်ပွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မသုန်ဦး|မသုန်ဦး]] *[[Wt/rki/မသိုးထမင်းမသိုးဟင်း|မသိုးထမင်းမသိုးဟင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မသိုးမသန့်|မသိုးမသန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မသိုးသင်္ကန်း|မသိုးသင်္ကန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မသွ|မသွ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာကာ|မဟာကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာကျိန်|မဟာကျိန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာဂီရိ|မဟာဂီရိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာဆီမဟာနွယ်|မဟာဆီမဟာနွယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာဆန်|မဟာဆန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာဇိန်|မဟာဇိန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟောထေရ်|မဟောထေရ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာဒိန်|မဟာဒိန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာနွယ်|မဟာနွယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာပညာကျော်|မဟာပညာကျော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာဗေါဓိ|မဟာဗေါဓိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာမိတ်|မဟာမိတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာရ|မဟာရ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာရကပ်စီး|မဟာရကပ်စီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာရံ|မဟာရံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာရန်|မဟာရန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာလှေကား|မဟာလှေကား]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာဝင်|မဟာဝင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာသာဝက|မဟာသာဝက]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟာသမ္မတ|မဟာသမ္မတ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟားမဟပ်|မဟားမဟပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟိကာဟိကာ|မဟိကာဟိကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟိစာဖြစ်ဟိစာဖြစ်|မဟိစာဖြစ်ဟိစာဖြစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟိဆင်းရဲ|မဟိဆင်းရဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟိတဟိ|မဟိတဟိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟိနွမ်းပါး|မဟိနွမ်းပါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟိမက|မဟိမက]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟိမယှား|မဟိမယှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟီ|မဟီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟူရ|မဟူရ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟူရာကျောက်|မဟူရာကျောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟော်ရာပြိန်း|မဟော်ရာပြိန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟောက်ကာဟောက်ကာ|မဟောက်ကာဟောက်ကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟောက်ကေ|မဟောက်ကေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟောက်စကားရာ|မဟောက်စကားရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟောက်စွာဟောက်စွာ|မဟောက်စွာဟောက်စွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟောက်တကွန်|မဟောက်တကွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟောက်မဟတ်|မဟောက်မဟတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟပ်|မဟပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟပ်တရပ်|မဟပ်တရပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဟပ်မစပ်|မဟပ်မစပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မအား|မအား]] *[[Wt/rki/မအားမခုံ|မအားမခုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မအားရာ|မအားရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မအီ|မအီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မအီတအီ|မအီတအီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မအီမသာ|မအီမသာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မအီးမချိုင်း|မအီးမချိုင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မအီးမလည်|မအီးမလည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မအောင်နွယ်|မအောင်နွယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မအပ်မစပ်|မအပ်မစပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မအပ်မရာ|မအပ်မရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မအိပ်မနီ|မအိပ်မနီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မအိပ်ယောင်ယောင်အိပ်ယောင်ယောင်|မအိပ်ယောင်ယောင်အိပ်ယောင်ယောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မအို့လိုလိုအို့လိုလို|မအို့လိုလိုအို့လိုလို]] *[[Wt/rki/မအို့လိုအို့လို|မအို့လိုအို့လို]] ==မာ== *[[Wt/rki/မာကာ|မာကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာကျော|မာကျော]] *[[Wt/rki/မာကျောက်|မာကျောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာကြောကြော|မာကြောကြော]] *[[Wt/rki/မာခေါက်ခေါက်|မာခေါက်ခေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာဂရီနတ်စင်တိုင်|မာဂရီနတ်စင်တိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာစီ|မာစီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာဆာ|မာဆာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာဆတ်တောက်|မာဆတ်တောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာဇရီ|မာဇရီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာဇူသီး|မာဇူသီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မာတူ|မာတူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာတူကြီး|မာတူကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မတောက်တောက်|မတောက်တောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာဒရာ|မာဒရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာဒင်|မာဒင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာဒင်ခွင်|မာဒင်ခွင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာနကောင်း|မာနကောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မာပါစီ|မာပါစီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာပါစီသာပါစီ|မာပါစီသာပါစီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာပါယင့်လား|မာပါယင့်လား]] *[[Wt/rki/မာမာ|မာမာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာမာကြီး|မာမာကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မာမာဆာဆာ|မာမာဆာဆာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာမူး|မာမူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မာမင်း|မာမင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မာယာ|မာယာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာယင့်လား|မာယင့်လား]] *[[Wt/rki/မာရကာ|မာရကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာရကာတုံး|မာရကာတုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မာရကျိန်ပိတ်|မာရကျိန်ပိတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာရဘင်|မာရဘင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာရေကျောရေ|မာရေကျောရေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာလကာချော|မာလကာချော]] *[[Wt/rki/မာလဖုန်ဒယော|မာလဖုန်ဒယော]] *[[Wt/rki/မာလာ|မာလာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာလာခွက်|မာလာခွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာလာခွံ|မာလာခွံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာလာပြန်|မာလာပြန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာလိန်|မာလိန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာလိန်မှူး|မာလိန်မှူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မာသာ|မာသာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာသီး|မာသီး]] ==မား== *[[Wt/rki/မားခွက်|မားခွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မားနာ|မားနာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မားမား|မားမား]] *[[Wt/rki/မားမားကြီး|မားမားကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မားမားကြီးရပ်|မားမားကြီးရပ်]] ==မိ== *[[Wt/rki/မိကောင်းဖကောင်း|မိကောင်းဖကောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိကောင်းဖခင်|မိကောင်းဖခင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိကောင်းဖသား|မိကောင်းဖသား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိကျောင်း|မိကျောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိကျောင်းနွယ်|မိကျောင်းနွယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိကြီးဖဂြီး|မိကြီးဖဂြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိခင်|မိခင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိခိုက်ဖခိုက်|မိခိုက်ဖခိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိစုံဖအုပ်|မိစုံဖအုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိစဉ်ဖလိုက်|မိစဉ်ဖလိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိစဉ်ဖလာ|မိစဉ်ဖလာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိညောင်|မိညောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိညို|မိညို]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတရစ်ဖတရစ်|မိတရစ်ဖတရစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတိုင်ဖတိုင်|မိတိုင်ဖတိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိထွီး|မိထွီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိဖ|မိဖ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိဖမဟိ|မိဖမဟိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိဖမောင်ဖွား|မိဖမောင်ဖွား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိဖုရား|မိဖုရား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိဖက်မဖက်|မိဖက်မဖက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိဖြား|မိဖြား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိမ|မိမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိမစစ်ဖမစစ်|မိမစစ်ဖမစစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိမတိသာ|မိမတိသာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိမဟိဖမဟိ|မိမဟိဖမဟိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိမသနံ|မိမသနံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိမိ|မိမိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိမိမောမော|မိမိမောမော]] *[[Wt/rki/မိမိယွယွ|မိမိယွယွ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိမူး|မိမူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိမော|မိမော]] *[[Wt/rki/မိမောသီသတ်|မိမောသီသတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိမွီးတိုင်းဖမွီးတိုင်း|မိမွီးတိုင်းဖမွီးတိုင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိယောင်ဖယောင်|မိယောင်ဖယောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိယောင်ယွယောင်|မိယောင်ယွယောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိယွ|မိယွ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိရင်းဖရင်း|မိရင်းဖရင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိရိုးဖလာ|မိရိုးဖလာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိလက္ခူ|မိလက္ခူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိလိုက်ဖပါ|မိလိုက်ဖပါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိသားစု|မိသားစု]] *[[Wt/rki/မိသားဖသား|မိသားဖသား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိသက်ဖသက်|မိသက်ဖသက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိဟန်ယွဟန်|မိဟန်ယွဟန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီ|မီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီတာ|မီတာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီတား|မီတား]] ==မီး== *[[Wt/rki/မီးကာ|မီးကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကာဂမုန်း|မီးကာဂမုန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကင်|မီးကင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကင်ထင်း|မီးကင်ထင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကင်းသတ်|မီးကင်းသတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကိုက်|မီးကိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကိုက်တိုက်|မီးကိုက်တိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကုန်|မီးကုန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကုန်ယမ်းကုန်|မီးကုန်ယမ်းကုန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကျော်|မီးကျော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကျည်|မီးကျည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကျည်တန်|မီးကျည်တန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကျည့်|မီးကျည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကျည့်ခဲ|မီးကျည့်ခဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကျည့်ပြာဖုံး|မီးကျည့်ပြာဖုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကျောက်တန်|မီးကျောက်တန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကျောင်း|မီးကျောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကျောင်းရီတရံ|မီးကျောင်းရီတရံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကျောင်းလှီ|မီးကျောင်းလှီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကြုတ်|မီးကြုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကြုတ်စာ|မီးကြုတ်စာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးကြုတ်တံ|မီးကြုတ်တံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးခတ်သံ|မီးခတ်သံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးခတ်အိတ်|မီးခတ်အိတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးခိုးကြွက်လယောက်|မီးခိုးကြွက်လယောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးခိုးတိတ်|မီးခိုးတိတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးခိုးမဆုံးမိုးမဆုံး|မီးခိုးမဆုံးမိုးမဆုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးခိုးရောင်|မီးခိုးရောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးခြုတ်|မီးခြုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးခွက်|မီးခွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးငူ|မီးငူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးငူရိုး|မီးငူရိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးငုတ်တိုင်|မီးငုတ်တိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးစ|မီးစ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးစရဖုတ်|မီးစရဖုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးစာ|မီးစာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးစာကုန်ဆီကုန်|မီးစာကုန်ဆီကုန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးစာ|မီးစာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးစောင့်|မီးစောင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးစောင့်မီးနီ|မီးစောင့်မီးနီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးစွဲ|မီးစွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးစွယ်|မီးစွယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးဆီတိုင်|မီးဆီတိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးဆစ်|မီးဆစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးဆွဲ|မီးဆွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးညည့်|မီးညည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးတင်|မီးတင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးတစ်ဘက်ရီတစ်ဘက်|မီးတစ်ဘက်ရီတစ်ဘက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးတိုက်|မီးတိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးတိုက်ဖင်ထိုး|မီးတိုက်ဖင်ထိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးတိုင်|မီးတိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးတောက်|မီးတောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးတောက်မီးလှယံ|မီးတောက်မီးလှယံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးတောင်|မီးတောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးတွင်း|မီးတွင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးထည့်|မီးထည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးထိုး|မီးထိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးထိုးဖင်ဆွ|မီးထိုးဖင်ဆွ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးထွက်|မီးထွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးထွန်း|မီးထွန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးထွန်းချိန်|မီးထွန်းချိန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးထွန်းပွဲ|မီးထွန်းပွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးပူ|မီးပူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးနီမ|မီးနီမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးပေါက်|မီးပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးပေါက်ပေါက်|မီးပေါက်ပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးပန်း|မီးပန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးပုတ်|မီးပုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးပုံကြာသွပ်အိုးပွဲ|မီးပုံကြာသွပ်အိုးပွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးပြတိုက်|မီးပြတိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးပွား|မီးပွား]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးပွင့်|မီးပွင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးပွတ်ကျည်|မီးပွတ်ကျည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးပွတ်ခုံ|မီးပွတ်ခုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးဖေါ်|မီးဖေါ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးဖေါင်|မီးဖေါင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးဖိုခွင်|မီးဖိုခွင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးမသီရိမခန်း|မီးမသီရိမခန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးမြင်းမိုပွဲ|မီးမြင်းမိုပွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးယမ်းဖေါက်|မီးယမ်းဖေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးယှူးသန့်စင်|မီးယှူးသန့်စင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးယှို့|မီးယှို့]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးရပ်|မီးရပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးရပ်ကျိုး|မီးရပ်ကျိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးရပ်ကွက်|မီးရပ်ကွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးရပ်နာ|မီးရပ်နာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးရပ်ပိန်မီးရပ်ခြောက်|မီးရပ်ပိန်မီးရပ်ခြောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးရပ်ဖုတ်မစင်|မီးရပ်ဖုတ်မစင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးရပ်မျက်စိ|မီးရပ်မျက်စိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးရပ်ဝမ်း|မီးရပ်ဝမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးရပ်သည်မ|မီးရပ်သည်မ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးရပ်သွီးပျက်|မီးရပ်သွီးပျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးရှူး|မီးရှူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးရှူးစည်း|မီးရှူးစည်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးလောင်|မီးလောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးလောင်ငုတ်တို|မီးလောင်ငုတ်တို]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးလောင်တိုက်|မီးလောင်တိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးလောင်တိုက်သွင်း|မီးလောင်တိုက်သွင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးလောင်နာ|မီးလောင်နာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးလောင်ပြင်|မီးလောင်ပြင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးလောင်ရာလောင်စာပစ်|မီးလောင်ရာလောင်စာပစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးလွန်|မီးလွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးဝင်|မီးဝင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးဝင်မီးထွက်|မီးဝင်မီးထွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးသီး|မီးသီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးသီးထင်းသီး|မီးသီးထင်းသီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးသင်္ဂြိုဟ်|မီးသင်္ဂြိုဟ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးသတ်|မီးသတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးသွီး|မီးသွီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးအိမ်|မီးအိမ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးအိမ်ပျံ|မီးအိမ်ပျံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မီးအုံး|မီးအုံး]] ==မုချ== *[[Wt/rki/မုစရိ|မုစရိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုဆိုး|မုဆိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မုဆိုးကျား|မုဆိုးကျား]] *[[Wt/rki/မုဆိုးဘို|မုဆိုးဘို]] *[[Wt/rki/မုဆိုးမ|မုဆိုးမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုဆိုးမချဉ်ပေါင်|မုဆိုးမချဉ်ပေါင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုဆိုးမခွီး|မုဆိုးမခွီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မုဆိုးမပိုး|မုဆိုးမပိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မုဆိုးမမြက်|မုဆိုးမမြက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုဆိုးမအပ်|မုဆိုးမအပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုဒိမ်း|မုဒိမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မုဒိမ်းစည်|မုဒိမ်းစည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုဒိင်္ဂဗျူဟာ|မုဒိင်္ဂဗျူဟာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုရင်းတိုင်|မုရင်းတိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုရိုးပေါက်ပေါက်|မုရိုးပေါက်ပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုရိုးပြောင်း|မုရိုးပြောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မုရွာကြီးပင်|မုရွာကြီးပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုလေးဖွား|မုလေးဖွား]] *[[Wt/rki/မုသလမန်|မုသလမန်]] ==မူ== *[[Wt/rki/မူကုပ်ကုပ်|မူကုပ်ကုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မူကြမ်း|မူကြမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မူကွဲ|မူကွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မူချ|မူချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မူခွဲ|မူခွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မူထား|မူထား]] *[[Wt/rki/မူပိုင်|မူပိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မူပျက်|မူပျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မူပြောင်း|မူပြောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မူမတူ|မူမတူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မူမမှန်|မူမမှန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မူမှန်|မူမှန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မူမလှ|မူမလှ]] *[[Wt/rki/မူယာသွယ်|မူယာသွယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မူယောယော|မူယောယော]] *[[Wt/rki/မူရင်း|မူရင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မူရင်းလစာ|မူရင်းလစာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မူလ|မူလ]] *[[Wt/rki/မူလကြမ်း|မူလကြမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မူလဆွီး|မူလဆွီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မူလပျက်|မူလပျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မူလဘူတ|မူလဘူတ]] *[[Wt/rki/မူလမတူ|မူလမတူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မူလမမှန်|မူလမမှန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မူလာဥ|မူလာဥ]] *[[Wt/rki/မူလီ|မူလီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မူသီ|မူသီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မူသီကိန်းကျ|မူသီကိန်းကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မူဟင်း|မူဟင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မူး|မူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မူးတူးမေ့တေ့|မူးတူးမေ့တေ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မူးတူးမှိုင်တိုင်|မူးတူးမှိုင်တိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မူးမှိုင်|မူးမှိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မူးဝီ|မူးဝီ]] ==မေ== *[[Wt/rki/မေဇာ|မေဇာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မေပြုထိုင်|မေပြုထိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မေမေ|မေမေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မေမွှီးသျှင်|မေမွှီးသျှင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မေရု|မေရု]] *[[Wt/rki/မေးနာ|မေးနာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မေးမေ|မေးမေ]] ==မဲ== *[[Wt/rki/မဲကောက်|မဲကောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲကျ|မဲကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲကျီ|မဲကျီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲခေါက်ခေါက်|မဲခေါက်ခေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲချ|မဲချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲဆွယ်|မဲဆွယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲတက်|မဲတက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲတက်ပင်|မဲတက်ပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲတုတ်|မဲတုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲတုတ်ကျာ|မဲတုတ်ကျာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲတုတ်တုတ်|မဲတုတ်တုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲတုံး|မဲတုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲနာ|မဲနာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲနက်ကေ|မဲနက်ကေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲနိုင်|မဲနိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲနှိုက်|မဲနှိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲပေါက်|မဲပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲပုပ်|မဲပုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲပုပ်ပုပ်|မဲပုပ်ပုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲပုံး|မဲပုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲမဲခေါက်ခေါက်|မဲမဲခေါက်ခေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲမဲတုံးတုံး|မဲမဲတုံးတုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲမဲပုပ်ပုပ်|မဲမဲပုပ်ပုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲမဲမှောင်မှောင်|မဲမဲမှောင်မှောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲမဲသမ်းသမ်း|မဲမဲသမ်းသမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မဲရွန်းသီး|မဲရွန်းသီး]] ==မည်== *[[Wt/rki/မည်ကာမတ္တ|မည်ကာမတ္တ]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်ညို|မည်ညို]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်မည်ရရ|မည်မည်ရရ]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်သူကိုမျ|မည်သူကိုမျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်သူမည်ဝါမည်နံသာ|မည်သူမည်ဝါမည်နံသာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်သို့မည်ပုံ|မည်သို့မည်ပုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မည့်|မည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်း|မည်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်းတား|မည်းတား]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်းတက်ခံ|မည်းတက်ခံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်းနက်|မည်းနက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်းနက်ကေ|မည်းနက်ကေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်းမည်းခေါက်ခေါက်|မည်းမည်းခေါက်ခေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်းမည်းခြောက်ခြောက်|မည်းမည်းခြောက်ခြောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်းမည်းပုပ်ပုပ်|မည်းမည်းပုပ်ပုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်းမျှင်|မည်းမျှင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်းသား|မည်းသား]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်းသားတက်|မည်းသားတက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်းသားတက်ဆီ|မည်းသားတက်ဆီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်းသားလိုက်|မည်းသားလိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မည်းအိုး|မည်းအိုး]] ==မယ်တော်== *[[Wt/rki/မယ်တော်ပျံ|မယ်တော်ပျံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မယ်တော်ပြန်ကြည့်|မယ်တော်ပြန်ကြည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မယ်နောက်ဆွဲ|မယ်နောက်ဆွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မယ်မွှီးသျှင်|မယ်မွှီးသျှင်]] ==မော== *[[Wt/rki/မေကျာ|မေကျာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောဇလိပ်|မောဇလိပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောတာ|မောတာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောတိမောတာ|မောတိမောတာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောမောလန်လန်|မောမောလန်လန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောလာ|မောလာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောလိပ်|မောလိပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောလိပ်အစို့|မောလိပ်အစို့]] *[[Wt/rki/မောလန်|မောလန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောသီ|မောသီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောသီမောသတ်|မောသီမောသတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မော့|မော့]] ==မော်== *[[Wt/rki/မော်ကွန်း|မော်ကွန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မော်ကွန်းတင်|မော်ကွန်းတင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မော်ကွန်းတိုင်|မော်ကွန်းတိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မော်ကွန်းထိန်း|မော်ကွန်းထိန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မော်ကွန်းဝင်|မော်ကွန်းဝင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မော်ကြား|မော်ကြား]] *[[Wt/rki/မော်စွန်း|မော်စွန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မော်တော်ဂါရီ|မော်တော်ဂါရီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မော်တော်ဘုတ်|မော်တော်ဘုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မော်ရာ|မော်ရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မော်လဗီ|မော်လဗီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မော်လိပ်|မော်လိပ်]] ==မက်== *[[Wt/rki/မက္ကလာ|မက္ကလာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မက္ကလာပျား|မက္ကလာပျား]] *[[Wt/rki/မက္ကလာပြန့်စင်|မက္ကလာပြန့်စင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မက္ကလာရိုင်ရိုင်|မက္ကလာရိုင်ရိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မက်မော|မက်မော]] *[[Wt/rki/မက်လုံးတိုက်|မက်လုံးတိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မက်သား|မက်သား]] *[[Wt/rki/မက်သံတိုက်|မက်သံတိုက်]] ==မင်== *[[Wt/rki/မင်ကူးစက္ကူ|မင်ကူးစက္ကူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်ကြောင်|မင်ကြောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်ခံစက္ကူ|မင်ခံစက္ကူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်ထိုး|မင်ထိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်ဒရာဇီအုန်းသီး|မင်ဒရာဇီအုန်းသီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်ဗူး|မင်ဗူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်မင်|မင်မင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်သတ်စက္ကူ|မင်သတ်စက္ကူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်္ဂလာစကား|မင်္ဂလာစကား]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်္ဂလာဆောင်|မင်္ဂလာဆောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်္ဂလာဆွမ်း|မင်္ဂလာဆွမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်္ဂလာတရား|မင်္ဂလာတရား]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်္ဂလာတုံး|မင်္ဂလာတုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်္ဂလာနိ|မင်္ဂလာနိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်္ဂလာဟိ|မင်္ဂလာဟိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်္ဂလာအခါ|မင်္ဂလာအခါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်္ဂလာဦး|မင်္ဂလာဦး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်ဒရာဇီ|မင်ဒရာဇီ]] ==မင်း== *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကပ်စိုးကပ်|မင်းကပ်စိုးကပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကိုယ်လုပ်|မင်းကိုယ်လုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကျေး|မင်းကျေး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကျေးသီးအပိ|မင်းကျေးသီးအပိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကျင့်တရား|မင်းကျင့်တရား]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကျိုးသီးအပိ|မင်းကျိုးသီးအပိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကြီး|မင်းကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကြမ်း|မင်းကြမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကျွန်|မင်းကျွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကျွန်ကြီး|မင်းကျွန်ကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကျွန်ကြီးမ|မင်းကျွန်ကြီးမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကျွန်ပျို|မင်းကျွန်ပျို]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကျွန်ပျိုမ|မင်းကျွန်ပျိုမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းကျွန်မ|မင်းကျွန်မ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းခယောကျ်ား|မင်းခယောကျ်ား]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းခမ်းမင်းနား|မင်းခမ်းမင်းနား]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းချင်း|မင်းချင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းစာ|မင်းစာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းစီ|မင်းစီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းစံကြီး|မင်းစံကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းစိုးတစ်ခွင်|မင်းစိုးတစ်ခွင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းစိုးရာဇာ|မင်းစိုးရာဇာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းစဉ်မင်းဆက်|မင်းစဉ်မင်းဆက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းဆက်|မင်းဆက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းတာကျီ|မင်းတာကျီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းတိုင်ပင်|မင်းတိုင်ပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းတိုင်ပင်အမတ်လေးပါး|မင်းတိုင်ပင်အမတ်လေးပါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းထိုက်စိုးထိုက်|မင်းထိုက်စိုးထိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းနီပေါင်း|မင်းနီပေါင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းပါးရောက်|မင်းပါးရောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းပေါက်စိုးရောက်|မင်းပေါက်စိုးရောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းပိုင်စိုးအုပ်|မင်းပိုင်စိုးအုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းပျိုမင်းနု|မင်းပျိုမင်းနု]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းပြိုင်|မင်းပြိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းပြစ်မင်းဒဏ်|မင်းပြစ်မင်းဒဏ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းပြစ်မင်းဒဏ်သင့်|မင်းပြစ်မင်းဒဏ်သင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းပွဲစိုးပွဲ|မင်းပွဲစိုးပွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းဖီးမင်းဒဏ်|မင်းဖီးမင်းဒဏ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းဖြစ်စိုးဖြစ်|မင်းဖြစ်စိုးဖြစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းဘေး|မင်းဘေး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းမ|မင်းမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းမူ|မင်းမူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းမဲ့တိုင်းပြည်|မင်းမဲ့တိုင်းပြည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းမင်း|မင်းမင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းမင်းကြီး|မင်းမင်းကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းမိန့်|မင်းမိန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းမျိုးမင်းနွယ်|မင်းမျိုးမင်းနွယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းမြှောက်တန်ဆာ|မင်းမြှောက်တန်ဆာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းမှု|မင်းမှု]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းမှုထမ်းပညာ|မင်းမှုထမ်းပညာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းမှုရာထမ်း|မင်းမှုရာထမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းမျှောင်|မင်းမျှောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းမျှောင်စိုးမျှောင်|မင်းမျှောင်စိုးမျှောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းယောင်စိုးယောင်|မင်းယောင်စိုးယောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းရေကျယ်|မင်းရေကျယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းရေးမင်းရာ|မင်းရေးမင်းရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းလယာ|မင်းလယာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းလားငါလား|မင်းလားငါလား]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းလူမွန်|မင်းလူမွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းလတ်|မင်းလတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းလမ်း|မင်းလမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းလွင်ဖြူ|မင်းလွင်ဖြူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းသမီး|မင်းသမီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းသား|မင်းသား]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းသားကြီး|မင်းသားကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းသိစိုးသိ|မင်းသိစိုးသိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းသံလီသံ|မင်းသံလီသံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းသမ္မာ|မင်းသမ္မာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မင်းသုံးစိုးသုံး|မင်းသုံးစိုးသုံး]] ==မိုက်== *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်ကန်း|မိုက်ကန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်ကန်းကြီး|မိုက်ကန်းကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်ခဲ|မိုက်ခဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်စဆုံး|မိုက်စဆုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်စိတ်ဝင်|မိုက်စိတ်ဝင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်တုံးကြီး|မိုက်တုံးကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်ထုတ်ကြီး|မိုက်ထုတ်ကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်မဲ|မိုက်မဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်မိုက်စမ်းစမ်း|မိုက်မိုက်စမ်းစမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်မိုက်တီတီ|မိုက်မိုက်တီတီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်မိုက်တိမ်တိမ်|မိုက်မိုက်တိမ်တိမ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်မှား|မိုက်မှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်မှောင်|မိုက်မှောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်ရှုး|မိုက်ရှုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်ရဲဆန်ဆန်|မိုက်ရဲဆန်ဆန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုက်ရိုင်း|မိုက်ရိုင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုင်းစရီ|မိုင်းစရီ]] ==မဉ္ဇူ== *[[Wt/rki/မဉ္ဇူသကာ|မဉ္ဇူသကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်|မောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောဂ်|မောဂ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက္ကတူး|မောက္ကတူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက္ကလာကျီထိုး|မောက္ကလာကျီထိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်ကာဖူး|မောက်ကာဖူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်ခရောက်|မောက်ခရောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်ခေါင်|မောက်ခေါင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်ချ|မောက်ချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်တော်|မောက်တော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်တော်ထီး|မောက်တော်ထီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်တင်|မောက်တင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်တောင်|မောက်တောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်ထောင့်ဖီလာ|မောက်ထောင့်ဖီလာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်ထုတ်|မောက်ထုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်ဖြတ်|မောက်ဖြတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်မာ|မောက်မာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောက်မောက်မာမာ|မောက်မောက်မာမာ]] ==မောင်== *[[Wt/rki/မောင်ကြီ|မောင်ကြီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်ဇာ|မောင်ဇာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်ညို|မောင်ညို]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်တော်တမ်းအလွမ်းပြေ|မောင်တော်တမ်းအလွမ်းပြေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်နန့်မေ|မောင်နန့်မေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်နှမ|မောင်နှမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်ဖွား|မောင်ဖွား]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်မေတူစုံ|မောင်မေတူစုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်မောင်|မောင်မောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်မွှီးသီး|မောင်မွှီးသီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်ယေ|မောင်ယေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်ယေဘုယေ|မောင်ယေဘုယေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်သျှေ|မောင်သျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်သျှေဘုသျှေ|မောင်သျှေဘုသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်သျှင်|မောင်သျှင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်သျှင်ဘင်းထမ်း|မောင်သျှင်ဘင်းထမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်သျှင်လောင်း|မောင်သျှင်လောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်သျှင်သျှေ|မောင်သျှင်သျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင့်ထောင့်ဖီလာ|မောင့်ထောင့်ဖီလာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင့်မောင့်မာမာ|မောင့်မောင့်မာမာ]] ==မောင်း== *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းကာ|မောင်းကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းကျောက်တံ|မောင်းကျောက်တံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းကြောငုပ်|မောင်းကြောငုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းကွတ်|မောင်းကွတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းခတ်|မောင်းခတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းချဒါး|မောင်းချဒါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းခွက်|မောင်းခွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းညှပ်|မောင်းညှပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းတလင်း|မောင်းတလင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းတဟီးဟီး|မောင်းတဟီးဟီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းတီး|မောင်းတီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းတင်|မောင်းတင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းတုံး|မောင်းတုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းထိမောင်းထောင်|မောင်းထိမောင်းထောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းထောင်|မောင်းထောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းထောင်း|မောင်းထောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းထုတ်|မောင်းထုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းနင်း|မောင်းနင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းနင်းကောင်|မောင်းနင်းကောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းနင်းမ|မောင်းနင်းမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းပိုင်း(အင်္ကျီ)|မောင်းပိုင်း(အင်္ကျီ)]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းပြတ်|မောင်းပြတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းပြုတ်|မောင်းပြုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းပုန်|မောင်းပုန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းပြန်|မောင်းပြန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းဖျား|မောင်းဖျား]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းမ|မောင်းမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းမမိဿံ|မောင်းမမိဿံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းမောင်|မောင်းမောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းမောင်သျှေ|မောင်းမောင်သျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းမောင်းထောင်|မောင်းမောင်းထောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းယပ်|မောင်းယပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းယပ်ချ|မောင်းယပ်ချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းယပ်ဆွဲ|မောင်းယပ်ဆွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းရင်း|မောင်းရင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းလည်|မောင်းလည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မောင်းလှုပ်|မောင်းလှုပ်]] ==မတ်== *[[Wt/rki/မတ်စိ|မတ်စိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မတ်တော်|မတ်တော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတ်တော်မောင်|မတ်တော်မောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတ်တတ်|မတ်တတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတ်တတ်ဆင်ဒယော|မတ်တတ်ဆင်ဒယော]] *[[Wt/rki/မတ်တတ်ဆိုင်|မတ်တတ်ဆိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတ်တတ်နီ|မတ်တတ်နီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မတ်တတ်မှိုင်|မတ်တတ်မှိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတ်နန့်မရီး|မတ်နန့်မရီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မတ်မောင်|မတ်မောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတ်မတ်|မတ်မတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မတ်မတ်မားမား|မတ်မတ်မားမား]] ==မိတ်== *[[Wt/rki/မိတ်ကြိုး|မိတ်ကြိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတ်ကျွမ်း|မိတ်ကျွမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတ်ဆက်|မိတ်ဆက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတ်ဆုံ|မိတ်ဆုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတ်ဆွီ|မိတ်ဆွီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတ်ဆွီဖြစ်|မိတ်ဆွီဖြစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတ်တင်|မိတ်တင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတ်ပျက်|မိတ်ပျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတ်ဖက်|မိတ်ဖက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတ်ပေါင်းဆွီပေါင်း|မိတ်ပေါင်းဆွီပေါင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတ်ဖြစ်ဆွီဖြစ်|မိတ်ဖြစ်ဆွီဖြစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတ်ဖွဲ့|မိတ်ဖွဲ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မိတ်ရင်းဆွီရင်း|မိတ်ရင်းဆွီရင်း]] ==မေတ္တာ== *[[Wt/rki/မေတ္တာစာ|မေတ္တာစာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မေတ္တာတော်ရိ|မေတ္တာတော်ရိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မေတ္တာတုံး|မေတ္တာတုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မေတ္တာထား|မေတ္တာထား]] *[[Wt/rki/မေတ္တာပို့|မေတ္တာပို့]] *[[Wt/rki/မေတ္တာပျက်|မေတ္တာပျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မေတ္တာမျှ|မေတ္တာမျှ]] *[[Wt/rki/မေတ္တာရပ်|မေတ္တာရပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မေတ္တာလက်ဆောင်|မေတ္တာလက်ဆောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မေတ္တာသက်|မေတ္တာသက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မေတ္တာဟိ|မေတ္တာဟိ]] ==မုတ်== *[[Wt/rki/မုတ်ကာဖူး|မုတ်ကာဖူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မုတ်ကာသနီ|မုတ်ကာသနီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုတ်ကောင်|မုတ်ကောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုတ်ကြီး|မုတ်ကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မုတ်ကြီးနာ|မုတ်ကြီးနာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုတ်ဆီး|မုတ်ဆီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မုတ်ဆွီးကြောင်နီ|မုတ်ဆွီးကြောင်နီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုတ်ဆိတ်ညှပ်|မုတ်ဆိတ်ညှပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုတ်ဆိတ်ပျားတွဲ|မုတ်ဆိတ်ပျားတွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုတ်ပုတီး|မုတ်ပုတီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မုတ်ရောင်|မုတ်ရောင်]] ==မံ== *[[Wt/rki/မံသ|မံသ]] *[[Wt/rki/မန္တန်|မန္တန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မန္တတ်မင်း|မန္တတ်မင်း]] ==မန်း== *[[Wt/rki/မန်းစရီ|မန်းစရီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မန်းမှုတ်|မန်းမှုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မန္တရား|မန္တရား]] ==မာန်== *[[Wt/rki/မာန်ကဲ|မာန်ကဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်ကျ|မာန်ကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်ခလို|မာန်ခလို]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်ချ|မာန်ချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်စွယ်|မာန်စွယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်စွယ်ကျိုး|မာန်စွယ်ကျိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်ဆန်|မာန်ဆန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်ဆန်ပါ|မာန်ဆန်ပါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်တက်|မာန်တက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်ထောင်|မာန်ထောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်ဒေါသ|မာန်ဒေါသ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်နန့်ဆန်နန့်|မာန်နန့်ဆန်နန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်ပါ|မာန်ပါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်ပါဆန်ပါ|မာန်ပါဆန်ပါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်ပေါက်|မာန်ပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာန်အောင်နွယ်|မာန်အောင်နွယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာရ်|မာရ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မာရ်နတ်|မာရ်နတ်]] ==မိန့်== *[[Wt/rki/မိန့်ကြား|မိန့်ကြား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန့်ချွေ|မိန့်ချွေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန့်ဆို|မိန့်ဆို]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန့်မှာ|မိန့်မှာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန့်မြွက်|မိန့်မြွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန်း|မိန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန်းကြီး|မိန်းကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန်းခွန်း|မိန်းခွန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန်းစစ်|မိန်းစစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန်းတစ်ခွန်းပြောတစ်ခွန်း|မိန်းတစ်ခွန်းပြောတစ်ခွန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန်းထူးခေါ်ကြား|မိန်းထူးခေါ်ကြား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန်းထူးခေါ်ပြော|မိန်းထူးခေါ်ပြော]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန်းမစို့|မိန်းမစို့]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန်းမလွင်|မိန်းမလွင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန်းမော|မိန်းမော]] *[[Wt/rki/မိန်းမောသီသတ်|မိန်းမောသီသတ်]] ==မုံ== *[[Wt/rki/မုံကင်း|မုံကင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မုံတံ|မုံတံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုံဖူးဆင်|မုံဖူးဆင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုံ့|မုံ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်|မုန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်စိကလောင်|မုန်စိကလောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်စိကလောင်သျှေ|မုန်စိကလောင်သျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်စိကေ|မုန်စိကေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်စိကေသျှေ|မုန်စိကေသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်စီစီ|မုန်စီစီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်စဲ|မုန်စဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်စိတ်ကေသျှေ|မုန်စိတ်ကေသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်ညင်း|မုန်ညင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်ညင်းဆီ|မုန်ညင်းဆီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်ညင်းပြောက်|မုန်ညင်းပြောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်တီမုန်တား|မုန်တီမုန်တား]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်တိုင်း|မုန်တိုင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်တိုင်းပင်|မုန်တိုင်းပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်မှီမုန်မော|မုန်မှီမုန်မော]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်မှီမုန်မွှား|မုန်မှီမုန်မွှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်လာ|မုန်လာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်လာဥ|မုန်လာဥ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်|မုန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ကလောင်သျှေ|မုန့်ကလောင်သျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ကလွေပဲ|မုန့်ကလွေပဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ကျွဲသည်း|မုန့်ကျွဲသည်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ကြွက်ကျစ်|မုန့်ကြွက်ကျစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ကြွပ်|မုန့်ကြွပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ချို|မုန့်ချို]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ခြောက်ချေ|မုန့်ခြောက်ချေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်စားဖေသာ|မုန့်စားဖေသာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်စားပဲစား|မုန့်စားပဲစား]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်စိကေသျှေ|မုန့်စိကေသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်စိသျှေ|မုန့်စိသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ဆီကျော်|မုန့်ဆီကျော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ဆောင်း|မုန့်ဆောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ညက်|မုန့်ညက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်တီ|မုန့်တီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်တီဖက်|မုန့်တီဖက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ထပ်|မုန့်ထပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်နှစ်|မုန့်နှစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ပဲ|မုန့်ပဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ပဲပိုင်စရာ|မုန့်ပဲပိုင်စရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ပဲပဉ္စရာ|မုန့်ပဲပဉ္စရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ပေါင်း|မုန့်ပေါင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ဖက်ထုပ်|မုန့်ဖက်ထုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ဖက်|မုန့်ဖက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ဗိုင်းလိပ်|မုန့်ဗိုင်းလိပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်ဗိုင်းတောင့်|မုန့်ဗိုင်းတောင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်မုန့်ကြီ|မုန့်မုန့်ကြီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်မုန့်ညက်ညက်|မုန့်မုန့်ညက်ညက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်မုန့်တွာ|မုန့်မုန့်တွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်မုန့်မာမာ|မုန့်မုန့်မာမာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်မုန့်သျှေ|မုန့်မုန့်သျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်လုံး|မုန့်လုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်လုံးသျှေ|မုန့်လုံးသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်သန်း|မုန့်သန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန့်သျှေ|မုန့်သျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်း|မုန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်းစာ|မုန်းစာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်းစာခံ|မုန်းစာခံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်းစာရုပ်|မုန်းစာရုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်းစာအိုး|မုန်းစာအိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်းဆီးပစ်|မုန်းဆီးပစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်းဆီးဖေါ်|မုန်းဆီးဖေါ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်းတီးမုန်းတား|မုန်းတီးမုန်းတား]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်းတီး|မုန်းတီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်းတူးမှိုင်တိုင်|မုန်းတူးမှိုင်တိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်းတိုင်း|မုန်းတိုင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်းတိုင်းပင်|မုန်းတိုင်းပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မုန်းဝီ|မုန်းဝီ]] ==မို== *[[Wt/rki/မို့|မို့]] *[[Wt/rki/မို့မောက်|မို့မောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုး|မိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးကျောက်|မိုးကျောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးကြဲကြဲလင်း|မိုးကြဲကြဲလင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးကြောသား|မိုးကြောသား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးကြိုး|မိုးကြိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးကြိုးလက်ကောက်|မိုးကြိုးလက်ကောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးချုပ်|မိုးချုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးချုပ်နီဝင်|မိုးချုပ်နီဝင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးစရီငှက်|မိုးစရီငှက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးစရီပန်း|မိုးစရီပန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးစီပန်း|မိုးစီပန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးတကုတ်|မိုးတကုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးထ|မိုးထ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးထယံ|မိုးထယံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးနှီး|မိုးနှီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးပေါ်ကျ|မိုးပေါ်ကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးပန်း|မိုးပန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးမမြင်သား|မိုးမမြင်သား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးမှန်ပင်|မိုးမှန်ပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးယပ်|မိုးယပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးရောင်ဝီ|မိုးရောင်ဝီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးလင်း|မိုးလင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးသားဘက်|မိုးသားဘက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးသောက်|မိုးသောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးသောက်ကြယ်|မိုးသောက်ကြယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးသောက်ထ|မိုးသောက်ထ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးသောက်ယံ|မိုးသောက်ယံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုးသောက်ရောင်|မိုးသောက်ရောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်း|မိုဃ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကာ|မိုဃ်းကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကာအင်္ကျီ|မိုဃ်းကာအင်္ကျီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကောင်း|မိုဃ်းကောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကောင်းလယ်|မိုဃ်းကောင်းလယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကုန်|မိုဃ်းကုန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကျ|မိုဃ်းကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကျနာ|မိုဃ်းကျနာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကျူး|မိုဃ်းကျူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကျောက်|မိုဃ်းကျောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကျိန်း|မိုဃ်းကျိန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကြီး|မိုဃ်းကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကြီးပေါက်ကျ|မိုဃ်းကြီးပေါက်ကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကြီးလီကြီး|မိုဃ်းကြီးလီကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကြိမ်း|မိုဃ်းကြိမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကြိုး|မိုဃ်းကြိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကြိုးစက်ဝိုင်း|မိုဃ်းကြိုးစက်ဝိုင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကြိုးပစ်|မိုဃ်းကြိုးပစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကြိုးပစ်စိ|မိုဃ်းကြိုးပစ်စိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကြိုးပေါက်ဆိန်|မိုဃ်းကြိုးပေါက်ဆိန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းကြိုးသွား|မိုဃ်းကြိုးသွား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းခါရီသောက်|မိုဃ်းခါရီသောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းခေါ်|မိုဃ်းခေါ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းခေါင်|မိုဃ်းခေါင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းခေါင်ရီယှား|မိုဃ်းခေါင်ရီယှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းခို|မိုဃ်းခို]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းခြိမ်း|မိုဃ်းခြိမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းစီ|မိုဃ်းစီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းစီစီ|မိုဃ်းစီစီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းစဲ|မိုဃ်းစဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းစဲလီသာ|မိုဃ်းစဲလီသာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းစွတ်|မိုဃ်းစွတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းဆင်|မိုဃ်းဆင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းတပြက်နီတပြက်|မိုဃ်းတပြက်နီတပြက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းတဲ|မိုဃ်းတဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းတိတ်|မိုဃ်းတိတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းတိမ်|မိုဃ်းတိမ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းတိမ်တိုက်|မိုဃ်းတိမ်တိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းတိမ်ယံ|မိုဃ်းတိမ်ယံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းတွင်း|မိုဃ်းတွင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းထင်း|မိုဃ်းထင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းထန်|မိုဃ်းထန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းထိုး|မိုဃ်းထိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းနှင်း|မိုဃ်းနှင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းနှောင်း|မိုဃ်းနှောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းပါး|မိုဃ်းပါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းပေါ်|မိုဃ်းပေါ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းပေါ်ကျ|မိုဃ်းပေါ်ကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းပေါက်|မိုဃ်းပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းပန်း|မိုဃ်းပန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းပျံ|မိုဃ်းပျံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းပြတ်|မိုဃ်းပြတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းပွဲ|မိုဃ်းပွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းပွင့်|မိုဃ်းပွင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းဖျက်|မိုဃ်းဖျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းဖျင်းရီဖျင်း|မိုဃ်းဖျင်းရီဖျင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းဖြူ|မိုဃ်းဖြူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းမဆုံးမြီမဆုံး|မိုဃ်းမဆုံးမြီမဆုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းမမြင်လီမမြင်|မိုဃ်းမမြင်လီမမြင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းမမြင်သား|မိုဃ်းမမြင်သား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းမိ|မိုဃ်းမိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းမျက်နှာ|မိုဃ်းမျက်နှာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းမှိုင်း|မိုဃ်းမှိုင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းမှောင်ကျ|မိုဃ်းမှောင်ကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းမှန်|မိုဃ်းမှန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းမှုန်|မိုဃ်းမှုန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းမှုန်မိုဃ်းမွှား|မိုဃ်းမှုန်မိုဃ်းမွှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းမျှော်|မိုဃ်းမျှော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းမျှော်သီး|မိုဃ်းမျှော်သီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းမွှား|မိုဃ်းမွှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းယံ|မိုဃ်းယံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းရီ|မိုဃ်းရီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းရီခံ|မိုဃ်းရီခံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းရိပ်|မိုဃ်းရိပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းရွာလီရွာ|မိုဃ်းရွာလီရွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းလ|မိုဃ်းလ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းလီဝသ|မိုဃ်းလီဝသ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းလယ်|မိုဃ်းလယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းလတ်|မိုဃ်းလတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းလုံလီလုံ|မိုဃ်းလုံလီလုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းဝ|မိုဃ်းဝ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းသား|မိုဃ်းသား]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းသားကျူး|မိုဃ်းသားကျူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းသားဆင်|မိုဃ်းသားဆင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းသားလီသားကျူး|မိုဃ်းသားလီသားကျူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းသီး|မိုဃ်းသီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းသီးကျ|မိုဃ်းသီးကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းသီးပေါက်|မိုဃ်းသီးပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းသီးမိုဃ်းပေါက်|မိုဃ်းသီးမိုဃ်းပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းသီးလုံး|မိုဃ်းသီးလုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းသံကျူး|မိုဃ်းသံကျူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းသံလီသန်|မိုဃ်းသံလီသန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းသက်လီဆင်|မိုဃ်းသက်လီဆင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းသက်လီပြင်း|မိုဃ်းသက်လီပြင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းအီး|မိုဃ်းအီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းအီးလီအီး|မိုဃ်းအီးလီအီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းအုံး|မိုဃ်းအုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းဥတု|မိုဃ်းဥတု]] *[[Wt/rki/မိုဃ်းဦးကျ|မိုဃ်းဦးကျ]] ==မျ== *[[Wt/rki/မျနီ|မျနီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျာ|မျာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျာကြီးသမား|မျာကြီးသမား]] *[[Wt/rki/မျာစီ|မျာစီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျာစီခံ|မျာစီခံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျာနီ|မျာနီ]] ==များ== *[[Wt/rki/များပြား|များပြား]] *[[Wt/rki/များမကြာခင်|များမကြာခင်]] *[[Wt/rki/များစွာထက်များ|များစွာထက်များ]] *[[Wt/rki/များမြောင်|များမြောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/များသာထက်များ|များသာထက်များ]] *[[Wt/rki/များသောအားဖြင့်|များသောအားဖြင့်]] ==မျော== *[[Wt/rki/မျောတိုင်|မျောတိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောမျော|မျောမျော]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောဝါး|မျောဝါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောသစ်|မျောသစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျော့|မျော့]] *[[Wt/rki/မျော့မျော့|မျော့မျော့]] ==မျက်== *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ကဲပြ|မျက်ကဲပြ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ကန်း|မျက်ကန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ကြောတည့်|မျက်ကြောတည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ကြောတင်း|မျက်ကြောတင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ကြောပြတ်|မျက်ကြောပြတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ကြောမတည့်|မျက်ကြောမတည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ကြောမသင့်|မျက်ကြောမသင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ကြောသီ|မျက်ကြောသီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ကြောင်|မျက်ကြောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ကြုက်|မျက်ကြုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ကွယ်|မျက်ကွယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ကွယ်ထား|မျက်ကွယ်ထား]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ကွင်း|မျက်ကွင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ခမ်း|မျက်ခမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ခမ်းစပ်|မျက်ခမ်းစပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ခမ်းလှုပ်|မျက်ခမ်းလှုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ခုံးမွီး|မျက်ခုံးမွီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ချီး|မျက်ချီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ချီးခြူ|မျက်ချီးခြူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ချီးစား|မျက်ချီးစား]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ချီးစပ်|မျက်ချီးစပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ချီးလောက်|မျက်ချီးလောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ချစ်|မျက်ချစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ချစ်ဆင်|မျက်ချစ်ဆင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ချောင်ကျ|မျက်ချောင်ကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ချင်းဆိုင်|မျက်ချင်းဆိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ချို|မျက်ချို]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ချိုသွီး|မျက်ချိုသွီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ခြည်ပြတ်|မျက်ခြည်ပြတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ခွက်|မျက်ခွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ခွက်စမ်းဘရာ|မျက်ခွက်စမ်းဘရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ခွက်ဆိုင်|မျက်ခွက်ဆိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ခွက်မျက်နှာ|မျက်ခွက်မျက်နှာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ခွံ|မျက်ခွံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ငြိုးစူး|မျက်ငြိုးစူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ငြိုးတပ်|မျက်ငြိုးတပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စပြ|မျက်စပြ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စဆင်|မျက်စဆင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိ|မျက်စိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိကစပ်|မျက်စိကစပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိကျ|မျက်စိကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိကျယ်နားကျယ်|မျက်စိကျယ်နားကျယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိကြီးနားကြီး|မျက်စိကြီးနားကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိကြည့်|မျက်စိကြည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိကြက်တက်|မျက်စိကြက်တက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိကြောင်|မျက်စိကြောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိကြိမ်း|မျက်စိကြိမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိကွယ်ရာနားကွယ်ရာ|မျက်စိကွယ်ရာနားကွယ်ရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိခတ်|မျက်စိခတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိစူး|မျက်စိစူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိစွန်|မျက်စိစွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိတခတ်|မျက်စိတခတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိတမြင်|မျက်စိတမြင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိတနှိပ်|မျက်စိတနှိပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိတသီ|မျက်စိတသီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိနောက်|မျက်စိနောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိနှိပ်|မျက်စိနှိပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိနှိပ်လှယာထုတ်|မျက်စိနှိပ်လှယာထုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိပျက်မျက်နှာပျက်|မျက်စိပျက်မျက်နှာပျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိပြာ|မျက်စိပြာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိပွင့်|မျက်စိပွင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိမကောင်းမျက်ဆန်မကောင်း|မျက်စိမကောင်းမျက်ဆန်မကောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိမနှိပ်ခင်|မျက်စိမနှိပ်ခင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိမလှမျက်နှာမလှ|မျက်စိမလှမျက်နှာမလှ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိမျက်ဆန်|မျက်စိမျက်ဆန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိမျက်နှာပျက်|မျက်စိမျက်နှာပျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိမြင်နားမြင်|မျက်စိမြင်နားမြင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိမွဲ|မျက်စိမွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိမျောင်|မျက်စိမျောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိမှန်း|မျက်စိမှန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိယဉ်|မျက်စိယဉ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိယှုပ်|မျက်စိယှုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိရဲရဲ|မျက်စိရဲရဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိရိုင်း|မျက်စိရိုင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိရှာ|မျက်စိရှာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိရှက်|မျက်စိရှက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိရှင်|မျက်စိရှင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိရှင်နားရှင်|မျက်စိရှင်နားရှင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိလည်လမ်းမှား|မျက်စိလည်လမ်းမှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိလွဲ|မျက်စိလွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိလူသျှေ|မျက်စိလူသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိလူသျှေနားလူသျှေ|မျက်စိလူသျှေနားလူသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိသီသုတ်|မျက်စိသီသုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိအထင်လွဲ|မျက်စိအထင်လွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စိအီးနားအီး|မျက်စိအီးနားအီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စောင်းထိုး|မျက်စောင်းထိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်စဉ်းဆီး|မျက်စဉ်းဆီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ဆံကျယ်|မျက်ဆံကျယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ဆံပြူး|မျက်ဆံပြူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ဆံသီသုတ်|မျက်ဆံသီသုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ဆံဆောက်|မျက်ဆံဆောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်တောင်|မျက်တောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်တောင်ခတ်|မျက်တောင်ခတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်တွင်း|မျက်တွင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်တွင်းကျ|မျက်တွင်းကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်တွင်းချောင်|မျက်တွင်းချောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ထုတ်|မျက်ထုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာရစ်|မျက်နှာရစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နက်လုံး|မျက်နက်လုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နက်ဝန်း|မျက်နက်ဝန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာ|မျက်နှာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာကောင်းရ|မျက်နှာကောင်းရ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာကြီး|မျက်နှာကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာကြီးမျက်နှာငယ်|မျက်နှာကြီးမျက်နှာငယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာကြည့်|မျက်နှာကြည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာချ|မျက်နှာချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာချီးလာပုပ်|မျက်နှာချီးလာပုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာခွက်|မျက်နှာခွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာငယ်|မျက်နှာငယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာစာ|မျက်နှာစာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာစူပုပ်|မျက်နှာစူပုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာစမ်းဘရာ|မျက်နှာစမ်းဘရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာစိမ်း|မျက်နှာစိမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာစိမ်းကီစိမ်းကော|မျက်နှာစိမ်းကီစိမ်းကော]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာစုံညီ|မျက်နှာစုံညီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာတင်း|မျက်နှာတင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာထား|မျက်နှာထား]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာထားမကောင်း|မျက်နှာထားမကောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာထောက်|မျက်နှာထောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာနာ|မျက်နှာနာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာနောက်လွှဲဗစ်|မျက်နှာနောက်လွှဲဗစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပီး|မျက်နှာပီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာဖက်|မျက်နှာဖက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပူ|မျက်နှာပူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပုပ်မသိ|မျက်နှာပုပ်မသိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပုပ်မသီမျက်နှာရီတင်းတင်း|မျက်နှာပုပ်မသီမျက်နှာရီတင်းတင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပုတ်သတ်|မျက်နှာပုတ်သတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပန်းပွင့်|မျက်နှာပန်းပွင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပန်းလှ|မျက်နှာပန်းလှ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပျက်|မျက်နှာပျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပြ|မျက်နှာပြ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှပြု|မျက်နှပြု]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပြင်း|မျက်နှာပြင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပြောင်|မျက်နှာပြောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပြောင်တိုက်|မျက်နှာပြောင်တိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပြုံပြဲပြံပြဲ|မျက်နှာပြုံပြဲပြံပြဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပွင့်|မျက်နှာပွင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာပွင့်လင်း|မျက်နှာပွင့်လင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာဖုံပြာ|မျက်နှာဖုံပြာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာဖျက်|မျက်နှာဖျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာဖြူ|မျက်နှာဖြူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာမကောင်း|မျက်နှာမကောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာမထားတတ်|မျက်နှာမထားတတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာမထောက်|မျက်နှာမထောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာမနာ|မျက်နှာမနာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာမရ|မျက်နှာမရ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာမသိ|မျက်နှာမသိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာမည်း|မျက်နှာမည်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာများ|မျက်နှာများ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာမြင်|မျက်နှာမြင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာမွဲ|မျက်နှာမွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာရ|မျက်နှာရ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာရခံ|မျက်နှာရခံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာရစွာရ|မျက်နှာရစွာရ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာရီဆွတ်|မျက်နှာရီဆွတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာရီတင်း|မျက်နှာရီတင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာရီတင်းတင်း|မျက်နှာရီတင်းတင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာရှုး|မျက်နှာရှုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာရွီးစ|မျက်နှာရွီးစ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာရှုပ်|မျက်နှာရှုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာရှုတ်တုတ်|မျက်နှာရှုတ်တုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာလေသိုး|မျက်နှာလေသိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာလိုက်|မျက်နှာလိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာလုပ်|မျက်နှာလုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာလိုမျက်နှာရ|မျက်နှာလိုမျက်နှာရ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာလွှဲ|မျက်နှာလွှဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာသိ|မျက်နှာသိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာသိချင်း|မျက်နှာသိချင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာသီ|မျက်နှာသီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာသစ်|မျက်နှာသစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာသုန်|မျက်နှာသုန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာဟိ|မျက်နှာဟိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာဟိရာဟင်းဖက်ပါ|မျက်နှာဟိရာဟင်းဖက်ပါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှာအိုးမှောက်သုတ်|မျက်နှာအိုးမှောက်သုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်နှိမ့်ချ|မျက်နှိမ့်ချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ပါး|မျက်ပါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ပေါက်|မျက်ပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ပျဉ်း|မျက်ပျဉ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ဖျော်|မျက်ဖျော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ဖြူဆိုက်|မျက်ဖြူဆိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ဖြူဆောက်|မျက်ဖြူဆောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ဖြူပြန်|မျက်ဖြူပြန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်မုန်းကျိုး|မျက်မုန်းကျိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်မြင်တုံး|မျက်မြင်တုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်မြင်ဒိဌ|မျက်မြင်ဒိဌ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်မြင်သက်သီ|မျက်မြင်သက်သီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်မွီးတဆုံး|မျက်မွီးတဆုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်မွီးလိမ်ပျား|မျက်မွီးလိမ်ပျား]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်မှောက်|မျက်မှောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်မှောက်ကာလ|မျက်မှောက်ကာလ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်မှောက်ကုပ်|မျက်မှောက်ကုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်မှောင်တန်း|မျက်မှောင်တန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်မှုန်တန်း|မျက်မှုန်တန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်မှန်|မျက်မှန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ယမ်း|မျက်ယမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ယမ်းကောင်း|မျက်ယမ်းကောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ယမ်းဆ|မျက်ယမ်းဆ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရီတင်း|မျက်ရီတင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရဲသတ္တိ|မျက်ရဲသတ္တိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရည်|မျက်ရည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရည်ကျ|မျက်ရည်ကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရည်ခံ|မျက်ရည်ခံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရည်ဇာ|မျက်ရည်ဇာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရည်စု|မျက်ရည်စု]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရည်စက်လက်|မျက်ရည်စက်လက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရည်စို|မျက်ရည်စို]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရည်နန့်မျက်ခွက်|မျက်ရည်နန့်မျက်ခွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရည်ပါးရည်|မျက်ရည်ပါးရည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရည်ရွဲ|မျက်ရည်ရွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရည်လည်|မျက်ရည်လည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရည်ဟိန်း|မျက်ရည်ဟိန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရည်အိုင်|မျက်ရည်အိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရစ်|မျက်ရစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရစ်ဝန်း|မျက်ရစ်ဝန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရိပ်ကဲခတ်|မျက်ရိပ်ကဲခတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရိပ်ပြ|မျက်ရိပ်ပြ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရိပ်မျက်ကဲ|မျက်ရိပ်မျက်ကဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရိပ်မျက်ခြေ|မျက်ရိပ်မျက်ခြေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရှုဆင်|မျက်ရှုဆင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ရှင်|မျက်ရှင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်လုံးအိမ်|မျက်လုံးအိမ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်လွှာ|မျက်လွှာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်လွှာချ|မျက်လွှာချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်လွှပစ်|မျက်လွှပစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ဝါး|မျက်ဝါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ဝီ|မျက်ဝီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ဝတ်|မျက်ဝတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်ဝန်း|မျက်ဝန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်သား|မျက်သား]] *[[Wt/rki/မျက်သို့|မျက်သို့]] ==မျိုး== *[[Wt/rki/မျိုင်း|မျိုင်း]] ==မျဉ်း== *[[Wt/rki/မျဉ်းကြောင်း|မျဉ်းကြောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျဉ်းကြိုး|မျဉ်းကြိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျဉ်းစေါက်|မျဉ်းစေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျဉ်းဆွဲ|မျဉ်းဆွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျဉ်းတံ|မျဉ်းတံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျဉ်းတန်း|မျဉ်းတန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျဉ်းပြိုင်|မျဉ်းပြိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျဉ်းမျဉ်း|မျဉ်းမျဉ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျဉ်းမျဉ်းသျှေ|မျဉ်းမျဉ်းသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျဉ်းရိုး|မျဉ်းရိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျဉ်းလုံး|မျဉ်းလုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျဉ်းသား|မျဉ်းသား]] *[[Wt/rki/မျဉ်းသတ်|မျဉ်းသတ်]] ==မျောက်== *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ကုလားမ|မျောက်ကုလားမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ကြိမ်|မျောက်ကြိမ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ကြိုး|မျောက်ကြိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ခြောက်|မျောက်ခြောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ငို|မျောက်ငို]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ငိုက်|မျောက်ငိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်စပါး|မျောက်စပါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်တောင်း|မျောက်တောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ထိုင်|မျောက်ထိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ထိုင်ထိုင်|မျောက်ထိုင်ထိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ဒိုး|မျောက်ဒိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ဒိုးလက်|မျောက်ဒိုးလက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်နှောင်|မျောက်နှောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ပန်းလှည့်|မျောက်ပန်းလှည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ပန်းလှန်|မျောက်ပန်းလှန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်မ|မျောက်မ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်များ|မျောက်များ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်မျီမျောက်မျောက်|မျောက်မျီမျောက်မျောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ရီခတ်|မျောက်ရီခတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ရီခွ|မျောက်ရီခွ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ရီငန်|မျောက်ရီငန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ရီမျောက်ရုပ်|မျောက်ရီမျောက်ရုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်ရုပ်|မျောက်ရုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်လက်|မျောက်လက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်လှုပ်ပင်|မျောက်လှုပ်ပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်လက္ခဏာ|မျောက်လက္ခဏာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်သခွား|မျောက်သခွား]] *[[Wt/rki/မျောက်သား|မျောက်သား]] ==မျိတ်== *[[Wt/rki/မျိတ်နီရေ|မျိတ်နီရေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျို|မျို]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုသိပ်|မျိုသိပ်]] ==မျိုး== *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးကပ်|မျိုးကပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးကြဲ|မျိုးကြဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးကွဲ|မျိုးကွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးချ|မျိုးချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးချစ်စိတ်|မျိုးချစ်စိတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးခြား|မျိုးခြား]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးငဆွိင|မျိုးငဆွိင]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးစိ|မျိုးစိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးစိချ|မျိုးစိချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးစပ်|မျိုးစပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးဆက်|မျိုးဆက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးဆွီ|မျိုးဆွီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးတူနွယ်တူ|မျိုးတူနွယ်တူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးနွယ်|မျိုးနွယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးနွယ်ဆက်|မျိုးနွယ်ဆက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးနွယ်ရိုး|မျိုးနွယ်ရိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးနွယ်အလိုက်|မျိုးနွယ်အလိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးပြတ်|မျိုးပြတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးပြတ်ဆွီပြတ်|မျိုးပြတ်ဆွီပြတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးပွား|မျိုးပွား]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးဖျက်|မျိုးဖျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးယုတ်မသား|မျိုးယုတ်မသား]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးရိုး|မျိုးရိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးရိုးအလိုက်|မျိုးရိုးအလိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျိုးသုဉ်း|မျိုးသုဉ်း]] ==မြ== *[[Wt/rki/မြဂျီဝါ|မြဂျီဝါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြမြ|မြမြ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြဝါ|မြဝါ]] ==မြာ== *[[Wt/rki/မြာတိုင်|မြာတိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြာပင်|မြာပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြား|မြား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြားတက်မ|မြားတက်မ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြားပြ|မြားပြ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြားဝါး|မြားဝါး]] ==မြီ== *[[Wt/rki/မြီကတုတ်|မြီကတုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကိုင်|မြီကိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကပ်ပင်|မြီကပ်ပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကုပ်|မြီကုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကျဟာ|မြီကျဟာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကျီအာ|မြီကျီအာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကျီ|မြီကျီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကျက်|မြီကျက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကျိုင်|မြီကျိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကျစ်|မြီကျစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကျိတ်|မြီကျိတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကြီး|မြီကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကြီးလက်ခတ်မလွှဲ|မြီကြီးလက်ခတ်မလွှဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကြောရှုပ်|မြီကြောရှုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကြမ်း|မြီကြမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီကွက်|မြီကွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီခေါင်|မြီခေါင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီခေါင်ခေါင်|မြီခေါင်ခေါင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီခေါင်းပျား|မြီခေါင်းပျား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီချ|မြီချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီချီး|မြီချီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီခွီး|မြီခွီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီခွန်|မြီခွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီငှား|မြီငှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီစံကား|မြီစံကား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီစာ|မြီစာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီစာကျွေး|မြီစာကျွေး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီစား|မြီစား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီစိုက်တလား|မြီစိုက်တလား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီစိုင်ခဲ|မြီစိုင်ခဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီစိမ်း|မြီစိမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီဆီမြီနှစ်|မြီဆီမြီနှစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီဆွီး|မြီဆွီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီညက်|မြီညက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီထု|မြီထု]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီထည်|မြီထည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီနီရာ|မြီနီရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီနင်းခွာထောင်|မြီနင်းခွာထောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီပေါ်|မြီပေါ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီပေါ်ဆား|မြီပေါ်ဆား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီပိုင်|မြီပိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီပိုင်သျှင်|မြီပိုင်သျှင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီပုံ|မြီပုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီပုံခရမ်း|မြီပုံခရမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီပြုထိုင်|မြီပြုထိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီပြင်|မြီပြင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီပြန့်|မြီပြန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီမျက်နှာပြင်|မြီမျက်နှာပြင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီမှုန့်|မြီမှုန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီယာ|မြီယာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီရိုင်း|မြီရိုင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီရုပ်မြီရေ|မြီရုပ်မြီရေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီရှည်သီး|မြီရှည်သီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီလပ်|မြီလပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီလွတ်|မြီလွတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီလှယိုးမိုဃ်းပျံ|မြီလှယိုးမိုဃ်းပျံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီလုမြီချင်|မြီလုမြီချင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီလှန်|မြီလှန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီလွှာ|မြီလွှာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီဝင်|မြီဝင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီဝပ်မငှက်|မြီဝပ်မငှက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီဝယ်မကျ|မြီဝယ်မကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီသား|မြီသား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီသားပေါက်ဆား|မြီသားပေါက်ဆား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီသီ|မြီသီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီသစ်|မြီသစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီသျှင်|မြီသျှင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီအောက်|မြီအောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီအိုး|မြီအိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီဩဇာ|မြီဩဇာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီး|မြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီးချောင်း|မြီးချောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီးတုံး|မြီးတုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြီးတုံးဖြူ|မြီးတုံးဖြူ]] ==မြူ== *[[Wt/rki/မြူခိုး|မြူခိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြူတော|မြူတော]] *[[Wt/rki/မြူပြင်|မြူပြင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြူး|မြူး]] ==မြဲ== *[[Wt/rki/မြဲခိုင်|မြဲခိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြဲမြံ|မြဲမြံ]] ==မြည်== *[[Wt/rki/မြည်ညို|မြည်ညို]] *[[Wt/rki/မြည်တမ်း|မြည်တမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြည်ဟီး|မြည်ဟီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြည့်|မြည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြည်း|မြည်း]] ==မြောဝါး== *[[Wt/rki/မြော်|မြော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြော်မြင်|မြော်မြင်]] ==မြက်== *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ကနှူး|မြက်ကနှူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ခရင်း|မြက်ခရင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ခင်းပြင်|မြက်ခင်းပြင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ချီး|မြက်ချီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ချီးတင်|မြက်ချီးတင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ချီးနင်း|မြက်ချီးနင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ချီးဖတ်|မြက်ချီးဖတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ချီးဖတ်ရွီး|မြက်ချီးဖတ်ရွီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ချပ်|မြက်ချပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ခွက်ဒါး|မြက်ခွက်ဒါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ဆံထုံး|မြက်ဆံထုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ထိုး|မြက်ထိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ပုတ်|မြက်ပုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ဖတ်|မြက်ဖတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ဖတ်နင်း|မြက်ဖတ်နင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ဖတ်ရွီး|မြက်ဖတ်ရွီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်မုန်ညင်း|မြက်မုန်ညင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်မြက်|မြက်မြက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်မြောက်ဥ|မြက်မြောက်ဥ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်ရင်းမှို|မြက်ရင်းမှို]] *[[Wt/rki/မြက်လုံးသျှေ|မြက်လုံးသျှေ]] ==မြင်== *[[Wt/rki/မြင်ကရာထင်ကရာ|မြင်ကရာထင်ကရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်ကန်း|မြင်ကန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်ခါတိက|မြင်ခါတိက]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်ခန့်မြင်ရ|မြင်ခန့်မြင်ရ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်တရဲရဲ|မြင်တရဲရဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်တိုင်းသိတိုင်း|မြင်တိုင်းသိတိုင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်ပါခလိုက်|မြင်ပါခလိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်ပျင်းကတ်|မြင်ပျင်းကတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်မြင်သမျှ|မြင်မြင်သမျှ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်ရကတ်|မြင်ရကတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်သလောက်|မြင်သလောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်သား|မြင်သား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင့်|မြင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင့်ကာ|မြင့်ကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင့်ကာသတ်|မြင့်ကာသတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင့်ခေါင်|မြင့်ခေါင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင့်စောက်|မြင့်စောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင့်မြတ်|မြင့်မြတ်]] ==မြင်း== *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းကန်း|မြင်းကန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းခင်း|မြင်းခင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းခင်းပွဲတော်|မြင်းခင်းပွဲတော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းခြီခွာ|မြင်းခြီခွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းဂါးရီ|မြင်းဂါးရီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းဇားပဲဇိ|မြင်းဇားပဲဇိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းတောင်း|မြင်းတောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းပျို|မြင်းပျို]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းပွဲ|မြင်းပွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းမတုံး|မြင်းမတုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းမိုရ်|မြင်းမိုရ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းမိုရ်တောင်|မြင်းမိုရ်တောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းလမ်း|မြင်းလမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြင်းသရိုက်နာ|မြင်းသရိုက်နာ]] ==မြစ်== *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ကူးချောင်းကူး|မြစ်ကူးချောင်းကူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ကမ်းပါး|မြစ်ကမ်းပါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ကြားမြီ|မြစ်ကြားမြီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ကြော|မြစ်ကြော]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ခုံ|မြစ်ခုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ချင်းပြီး|မြစ်ချင်းပြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ခွဲ|မြစ်ခွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ဆုတ်နာ|မြစ်ဆုတ်နာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ဆိပ်|မြစ်ဆိပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ဆုံ|မြစ်ဆုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ညာ|မြစ်ညာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ညီနောင်|မြစ်ညီနောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ထာ|မြစ်ထာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်နား|မြစ်နား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်နံယောင်|မြစ်နံယောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ပြင်|မြစ်ပြင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ပြင်ဖြူ|မြစ်ပြင်ဖြူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ဖြတ်ဆီး|မြစ်ဖြတ်ဆီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ဖွား|မြစ်ဖွား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ဗူးဝါး|မြစ်ဗူးဝါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်မ|မြစ်မ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်မရမ်းပေါက်လီ|မြစ်မရမ်းပေါက်လီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်မော်|မြစ်မော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်မွန်|မြစ်မွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ရီချိန်|မြစ်ရီချိန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ရိုးရွာစဉ်|မြစ်ရိုးရွာစဉ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်လက်တက်|မြစ်လက်တက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ဝ|မြစ်ဝ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်ဝှမ်း|မြစ်ဝှမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြစ်အောက်|မြစ်အောက်]] ==မြိုင်== *[[Wt/rki/မြိုင်ဆိုင်|မြိုင်ဆိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိုင်တော|မြိုင်တော]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိုင်တောသံ|မြိုင်တောသံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိုင်မြိုင်|မြိုင်မြိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိုင်မြိုင်ဆိုင်ဆိုင်|မြိုင်မြိုင်ဆိုင်ဆိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိုင်လိုက်|မြိုင်လိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိုင်ဟေဝန်|မြိုင်ဟေဝန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိုင်အုပ်|မြိုင်အုပ်]] ==မြောက်== *[[Wt/rki/မြောက်|မြောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြောက်ကျွန်း|မြောက်ကျွန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြောက်နီဥ|မြောက်နီဥ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြောက်များ|မြောက်များ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြောက်လက်ညှိုး|မြောက်လက်ညှိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြောက်အိမ်တိုင်|မြောက်အိမ်တိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြောက်ဥ|မြောက်ဥ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြောက်ဦး|မြောက်ဦး]] ==မြောင်== *[[Wt/rki/မြောင်|မြောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြောက်မြောက်|မြောက်မြောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြောင်မြောင်တည်း|မြောင်မြောင်တည်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြောင်း|မြောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြောင်းထိုး|မြောင်းထိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြောင်းမြောင်း|မြောင်းမြောင်း]] ==မြတ်== *[[Wt/rki/မြတ်|မြတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြတ်စွာ|မြတ်စွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြတ်စွာသျှင်ပင်|မြတ်စွာသျှင်ပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြတ်စွန်း|မြတ်စွန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြတ်နိုး|မြတ်နိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြတ်လေး|မြတ်လေး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြတ်သျှစ်သျှစ်|မြတ်သျှစ်သျှစ်]] ==မြိတ်== *[[Wt/rki/မြိတ်|မြိတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိတ်ဆံ|မြိတ်ဆံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိတ်ထွက်|မြိတ်ထွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိတ်ပေါက်|မြိတ်ပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိတ်မြိတ်|မြိတ်မြိတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိတ်မြိတ်တွာ|မြိတ်မြိတ်တွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိတ်မြိတ်ထိုး|မြိတ်မြိတ်ထိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိတ်မြိတ်လှီး|မြိတ်မြိတ်လှီး]] ==မြုပ်== *[[Wt/rki/မြုပ်|မြုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှုပ်တုံပေါ်တုံ|မြှုပ်တုံပေါ်တုံ]] ==မြန်== *[[Wt/rki/မြန်|မြန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြန်စင်|မြန်စင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြန်ပါရေကာ|မြန်ပါရေကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြန်မစင်သိ|မြန်မစင်သိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြန်လွန်း|မြန်လွန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြန်း|မြန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြန်းကြွ|မြန်းကြွ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြန်းမြန်းစမ်းစမ်း|မြန်းမြန်းစမ်းစမ်း]] ==မြမ်း== *[[Wt/rki/မြမ်း|မြမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြမ်းဆင်|မြမ်းဆင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိန်|မြိန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိန်လုမြိန်ချင်|မြိန်လုမြိန်ချင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိန့်|မြိန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိန့်မြိန့်|မြိန့်မြိန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိန့်မြိန်တွာ|မြိန့်မြိန်တွာ]] ==မြုံ== *[[Wt/rki/မြုံ|မြုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုံစိစိ|မြုံစိစိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုံပြည်|မြုံပြည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုံမ|မြုံမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုံလို့စား|မြုံလို့စား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုံး|မြုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုံးခင်း|မြုံးခင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုန်း|မြုန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုန်းခင်း|မြုန်းခင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုန်းကွဲ|မြုန်းကွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုန်းခွဲ|မြုန်းခွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုန်းကွက်|မြုန်းကွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုန်းတော|မြုန်းတော]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုန်းပြင်|မြုန်းပြင်]] ==မြို== *[[Wt/rki/မြို|မြို]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိုထီး|မြိုထီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့|မြို့]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့ကြီးတိုင်းကြီး|မြို့ကြီးတိုင်းကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့ကြီးသား|မြို့ကြီးသား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့ကွပ်|မြို့ကွပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့ခံတပ်|မြို့ခံတပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့ခံလူကြီး|မြို့ခံလူကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့ဆန်|မြို့ဆန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့တော်အစိုးရရုံးစိုက်ရာမြို့ကြီး|မြို့တော်အစိုးရရုံးစိုက်ရာမြို့ကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့နယ်|မြို့နယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့ပြကျေးရွာ|မြို့ပြကျေးရွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့မ|မြို့မ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့မိမြို့ဖ|မြို့မိမြို့ဖ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့မျက်နှာဖုံး|မြို့မျက်နှာဖုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့ရာယမ်း|မြို့ရာယမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့ရံ|မြို့ရံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့ရိုး|မြို့ရိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြို့လုံးနှံ့|မြို့လုံးနှံ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိုး|မြိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြိုးထည့်|မြိုးထည့်]] ==မွ့== *[[Wt/rki/မွ့|မွ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မွ့စာ|မွ့စာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွ့စာပင်|မွ့စာပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွ့တိမွ့တာ|မွ့တိမွ့တာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွ့မွ့ပျောင်း|မွ့မွ့ပျောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မွမွိရာ|မွမွိရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွ့ရွိတ်ပင်|မွ့ရွိတ်ပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွ့လိမွ့လာ|မွ့လိမွ့လာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွ့သီမွ့သတ်|မွ့သီမွ့သတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွား|မွား]] *[[Wt/rki/မွားစား|မွားစား]] *[[Wt/rki/မွားဖတ်|မွားဖတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွိ|မွိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွိ.|မွိ.]] *[[Wt/rki/မွိ.ပျော်|မွိ.ပျော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွိ.မွိ.|မွိ.မွိ.]] *[[Wt/rki/မွိ.ရာ|မွိ.ရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွိ.ရာစွပ်|မွိ.ရာစွပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွိ.ရာဖုံးခင်း|မွိ.ရာဖုံးခင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မွိ.ရာအိတ်|မွိ.ရာအိတ်]] ==မွီ== *[[Wt/rki/မွီ|မွီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီစင်|မွီစင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီတော်|မွီတော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီရှည်သီး|မွီရှည်သီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီး|မွီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးကင်းသျှေ|မွီးကင်းသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးကျေးဇူး|မွီးကျေးဇူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးခါစ|မွီးခါစ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးချင်း|မွီးချင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးချင်းပေါက်ဖေါ်|မွီးချင်းပေါက်ဖေါ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးစသျှေ|မွီးစသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးစင်|မွီးစင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးစပ်|မွီးစပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးညှင်း|မွီးညှင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးတွင်း|မွီးတွင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးနိ.|မွီးနိ.]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးဖော်မွီးဖက်|မွီးဖော်မွီးဖက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးဖွား|မွီးဖွား]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးမယ်တော်|မွီးမယ်တော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးရာပါ|မွီးရာပါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးရက်|မွီးရက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးရပ်မြီ|မွီးရပ်မြီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးလ|မွီးလ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးသဖခင်|မွီးသဖခင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွီးသျှင်တော်|မွီးသျှင်တော်]] ==မွဲ== *[[Wt/rki/မွဲ|မွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွဲခြောက်ခြောက်|မွဲခြောက်ခြောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွဲဆီးဖော်|မွဲဆီးဖော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွဲတေ|မွဲတေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွဲပြာ|မွဲပြာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွဲပြာကျ|မွဲပြာကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွဲပြာရောင်|မွဲပြာရောင်]] ==မွတ်== *[[Wt/rki/မွတ်|မွတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွတ်မွတ်|မွတ်မွတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွတ်မွတ်စားစား|မွတ်မွတ်စားစား]] *[[Wt/rki/မွတ်မွတ်စက်စက်|မွတ်မွတ်စက်စက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွတ်သိပ်|မွတ်သိပ်]] ==မွန်== *[[Wt/rki/မွန်|မွန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်ပါးဝ|မွန်ပါးဝ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်မြတ်|မွန်မြတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်း|မွန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်းကျပ်|မွန်းကျပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်းစက်နီ|မွန်းစက်နီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်းစောင်း|မွန်းစောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်းတည့်|မွန်းတည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်းတိမ်း|မွန်းတိမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်းဖျင်|မွန်းဖျင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်းမတ်|မွန်းမတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်းမွန်း|မွန်းမွန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်းယိမ်း|မွန်းယိမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်းရှင်နီ|မွန်းရှင်နီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်းလတ်|မွန်းလတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်းလွဲ|မွန်းလွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွန်းလွဲသုံးပိုခတ်|မွန်းလွဲသုံးပိုခတ်]] ==မွမ်း== *[[Wt/rki/မွမ်း|မွမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မွမ်းဖျင်|မွမ်းဖျင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွမ်းမံ|မွမ်းမံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွမ်းမွမ်းတီတီ|မွမ်းမွမ်းတီတီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွိန့်|မွိန့်]] ==မြွ== *[[Wt/rki/မြွ|မြွ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွာ|မြွာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွား|မြွား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွားကောင်|မြွားကောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွီ|မြွီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွီကင်း|မြွီကင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွီစိမ်း|မြွီစိမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွီစွယ်ကျိုး|မြွီစွယ်ကျိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွီဆိုး|မြွီဆိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွီနွဲ|မြွီနွဲ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွီပလွီမှုတ်|မြွီပလွီမှုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွီပါ|မြွီပါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွီပုပ်|မြွီပုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွီဖြူး|မြွီဖြူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွီမသီဒုတ်မကျိုး|မြွီမသီဒုတ်မကျိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွီလမ္ပါယ်|မြွီလမ္ပါယ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွီသူတော်|မြွီသူတော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွက်|မြွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွက်ကြား|မြွက်ကြား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွက်ဆို|မြွက်ဆို]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွက်ဖော်|မြွက်ဖော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွက်ဟ|မြွက်ဟ]] ==မှ== *[[Wt/rki/မှ|မှ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှယင်း|မှယင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှာ|မှာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှာတော်မူ|မှာတော်မူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှာထားချက်|မှာထားချက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှာဟိ|မှာဟိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှား|မှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မှားမှားသျှေ|မှားမှားသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှားယွင်း|မှားယွင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှားယွင်းချက်|မှားယွင်းချက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှားသင့်ကြီးသင့်|မှားသင့်ကြီးသင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှားသင့်သင့်|မှားသင့်သင့်]] ==မှီ== *[[Wt/rki/မှီ|မှီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှီခိုရာ|မှီခိုရာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှီငြမ်းပြု|မှီငြမ်းပြု]] *[[Wt/rki/မှီတင်း|မှီတင်း]] ==မှု== *[[Wt/rki/မှု|မှု]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုထုံး|မှုထုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မှူး|မှူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မှူးကြီးမတ်ရာ|မှူးကြီးမတ်ရာ]] ==မှဲ့== *[[Wt/rki/မှဲ့|မှဲ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မှဲ့စွန်း|မှဲ့စွန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှဲ့သီး|မှဲ့သီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မှဲ့သီးစွန်း|မှဲ့သီးစွန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှည့်|မှည့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှည့်ကြွီကြွီ|မှည့်ကြွီကြွီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှည့်ရောင်လိုက်|မှည့်ရောင်လိုက်]] ==မှော်== *[[Wt/rki/မှော်|မှော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှော်ရူး|မှော်ရူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မှော်ဝင်|မှော်ဝင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှော်သွင်း|မှော်သွင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှက်|မှက်]] ==မှင်== *[[Wt/rki/မှင်|မှင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်ကြောင်|မှင်ကြောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်စာ|မှင်စာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်ဆီ|မှင်ဆီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်ဆံ|မှင်ဆံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်တောက်|မှင်တောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်ထိုး|မှင်ထိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်ထွက်ကလောင်|မှင်ထွက်ကလောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်ဗူး|မှင်ဗူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်သရိုက်နာ|မှင်သရိုက်နာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်သတ်စက္ကူ|မှင်သတ်စက္ကူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်သိုပရုပ်|မှင်သိုပရုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်သျှာသျှား|မှင်သျှာသျှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်အိုး|မှင်အိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်းကူ|မှင်းကူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်းကန်း|မှင်းကန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှင်းကျိုး|မှင်းကျိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုက်ကေ|မှိုက်ကေ]] ==မှိုင်== *[[Wt/rki/မှိုင်|မှိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုင်တိမှိုင်တိုင်|မှိုင်တိမှိုင်တိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုင်တိုင်တိုင်|မှိုင်တိုင်တိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုင်လက်ချ|မှိုင်လက်ချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုင်း|မှိုင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုင်းခံ|မှိုင်းခံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုင်းခံစက္ကူ|မှိုင်းခံစက္ကူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုင်းစရီ|မှိုင်းစရီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုင်းပျ|မှိုင်းပျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုင်းပြာ|မှိုင်းပြာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုင်းမ|မှိုင်းမ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုင်းမိ|မှိုင်းမိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုင်းမှုန်|မှိုင်းမှုန်]] ==မှောက်== *[[Wt/rki/မှောက်|မှောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောက်ကာ|မှောက်ကာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောက်ခုံ|မှောက်ခုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောက်ခုံဝပ်|မှောက်ခုံဝပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောက်တော်|မှောက်တော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောက်ထောင့်|မှောက်ထောင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောက်မှား|မှောက်မှား]] ==မှောင်== *[[Wt/rki/မှောင်|မှောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောင်ကြီးကျ|မှောင်ကြီးကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောင်ကြီးမိုက်ဂြီး|မှောင်ကြီးမိုက်ဂြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောင်ခို|မှောင်ခို]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောင်ခိုဈေး|မှောင်ခိုဈေး]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောင်ချ|မှောင်ချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောင်မိုက်|မှောင်မိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောင်မှီမှောင်မွှား|မှောင်မှီမှောင်မွှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောင်ရီ|မှောင်ရီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောင်ရိပ်|မှောင်ရိပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောင်လုံး|မှောင်လုံး]] ==မှောင့်== *[[Wt/rki/မှောင့်စား|မှောင့်စား]] *[[Wt/rki/မှောင့်စပ်|မှောင့်စပ်]] ==မှတ်== *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်|မှတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်ကျောက်|မှတ်ကျောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်ကျောက်တင်|မှတ်ကျောက်တင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်ချက်|မှတ်ချက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်စာ|မှတ်စာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်စု|မှတ်စု]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်ဉာဏ်|မှတ်ဉာဏ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်တိုင်|မှတ်တိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်တမ်း|မှတ်တမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်တမ်းတင်|မှတ်တမ်းတင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်ထား|မှတ်ထား]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်ထားလီဖိ|မှတ်ထားလီဖိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်မိ|မှတ်မိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်မိသက်မိ|မှတ်မိသက်မိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်လီ|မှတ်လီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်လီဖိ|မှတ်လီဖိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်လောက်သတ်လောက်|မှတ်လောက်သတ်လောက်]] ==မှိတ်== *[[Wt/rki/မှိတ်|မှိတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှတ်ကျ|မှတ်ကျ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိတ်ရုပ်မှိတ်ရုပ်|မှိတ်ရုပ်မှိတ်ရုပ်]] ==မှုတ်== *[[Wt/rki/မှုတ်|မှုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုတ်ခေါင်း|မှုတ်ခေါင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုတ်ခွက်|မှုတ်ခွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုတ်စူး|မှုတ်စူး]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုတ်ပြောင်း|မှုတ်ပြောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုတ်လာခွံ|မှုတ်လာခွံ]] ==မှံ== ==မှန်== *[[Wt/rki/မှန်|မှန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်ကူ|မှန်ကူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်ကူခတ်|မှန်ကူခတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်ကူသတ်|မှန်ကူသတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်ကင်း|မှန်ကင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်စာ|မှန်စာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်စီရွှီဇဝါချ|မှန်စီရွှီဇဝါချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်တောင့်|မှန်တောင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်ပါ|မှန်ပါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်ပြ|မှန်ပြ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်ပြူတင်း|မှန်ပြူတင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်မှုန်|မှန်မှုန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်လည်ပေါက်|မှန်လည်ပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်အိမ်|မှန်အိမ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်း|မှန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်းချက်|မှန်းချက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်းခြေ|မှန်းခြေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်းဆ|မှန်းဆ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်းတမ်း|မှန်းတမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်းထား|မှန်းထား]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်းမိ|မှန်းမိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်းမျော်|မှန်းမျော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှန်းမျှော်|မှန်းမျှော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိန်မှိန်|မှိန်မှိန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိန်မှိန်သျှောင်|မှိန်မှိန်သျှောင်]] ==မှုန်== *[[Wt/rki/မှုန်|မှုန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန်တီမှုန်တက်|မှုန်တီမှုန်တက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန်တီမှုန်မွှား|မှုန်တီမှုန်မွှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန်တက်တက်|မှုန်တက်တက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန်မှီမှုန်မွှား|မှုန်မှီမှုန်မွှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန်မှုန်သျှေ|မှုန်မှုန်သျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန်ရီရီ|မှုန်ရီရီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန်သုတ်သုတ်|မှုန်သုတ်သုတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန့်|မှုန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန့်ကလောင်သျှေ|မှုန့်ကလောင်သျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန့်စိကလောင်ချ|မှုန့်စိကလောင်ချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန့်စိကေ|မှုန့်စိကေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန့်စိကေသျှေ|မှုန့်စိကေသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန့်မှုန့်ညက်ညက်|မှုန့်မှုန့်ညက်ညက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှုန်း|မှုန်း]] ==မှို== *[[Wt/rki/မှို|မှို]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုကျိ|မှိုကျိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုကျင်း|မှိုကျင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုကွန်ချာ|မှိုကွန်ချာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုချိုးနှစ်ချိုး|မှိုချိုးနှစ်ချိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုချွန်း|မှိုချွန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုစီသျှေ|မှိုစီသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုတက်|မှိုတက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုတောက်|မှိုတောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုပေါက်|မှိုပေါက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုပွင့်|မှိုပွင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုယို|မှိုယို]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုရောင်းရောင်း|မှိုရောင်းရောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုရိုင်း|မှိုရိုင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုသွီး|မှိုသွီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မှိုဟင်း|မှိုဟင်း]] ==မှို့== *[[Wt/rki/မှိုစာ|မှိုစာ]] ==မွှ== *[[Wt/rki/မွှ|မွှ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှစါ|မွှစါ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှီ|မွှီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှီနှောက်|မွှီနှောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှီး|မွှီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှီးကြူ|မွှီးကြူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှီးကြူကြူ|မွှီးကြူကြူ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှီးကြိုင်|မွှီးကြိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှီးထုံ|မွှီးထုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှီးနီသျှေ|မွှီးနီသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှီးပျံ့|မွှီးပျံ့]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှီးလှိုင်|မွှီးလှိုင်]] ==မွှတ်== *[[Wt/rki/မွှတ်|မွှတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှန်|မွှန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှန်း|မွှန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှမ်း|မွှမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှန့်|မွှန့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မွှိန့်ရမ်း|မွှိန့်ရမ်း]] ==မျ== *[[Wt/rki/မျှတ|မျှတ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှလောက်|မျှလောက်]] ==မျှား== *[[Wt/rki/မျှား|မျှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှားတိုင်|မျှားတိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှားကိုင်းတံ|မျှားကိုင်းတံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှားကြိုး|မျှားကြိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှားဆိတ်ကြိုး|မျှားဆိတ်ကြိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှားတန်းချ|မျှားတန်းချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှားတန်းပစ်|မျှားတန်းပစ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှားထင်|မျှားထင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှားဟက်|မျှားဟက်]] ==မျှော်== *[[Wt/rki/မျှော်|မျှော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှော်ကိုး|မျှော်ကိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှော်ခေါ်|မျှော်ခေါ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှော်စင်|မျှော်စင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှော်စပ်|မျှော်စပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှော်မှန်း|မျှော်မှန်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှော်ရှု|မျှော်ရှု]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှော်လင့်|မျှော်လင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှော်လင့်ချက်|မျှော်လင့်ချက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှက်|မျှက်]] ==မျှင်== *[[Wt/rki/မျှင်ကိုင်|မျှင်ကိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှင်ကြိုး|မျှင်ကြိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှင်စဉ်|မျှင်စဉ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှိုင်|မျှိုင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှိုင်ငါးပိ|မျှိုင်ငါးပိ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှိုင်ပါး|မျှိုင်ပါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှိုင်ပါးပါး|မျှိုင်ပါးပါး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှိုင်သျှေ|မျှိုင်သျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှိုင်း|မျှိုင်း]] ==မျှဉ်း== *[[Wt/rki/မျှဉ်း|မျှဉ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှဉ်းပါလားရေ|မျှဉ်းပါလားရေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှဉ်းဖော်ကိုက်|မျှဉ်းဖော်ကိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှဉ်းမျှဉ်းသျှေ|မျှဉ်းမျှဉ်းသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှဉ်းမျှဉ်းသျှေမျှဉ်းမျှဉ်းသျှေ|မျှဉ်းမျှဉ်းသျှေမျှဉ်းမျှဉ်းသျှေ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှဉ်းလုံးဖော်ကိုက်|မျှဉ်းလုံးဖော်ကိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှဉ်းသား|မျှဉ်းသား]] ==မျှောင်== *[[Wt/rki/မျှောင်|မျှောင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှောင်ကပ်|မျှောင်ကပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှောင်စာ|မျှောင်စာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှောင်း|မျှောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှောင်းမျှောင်း|မျှောင်းမျှောင်း]] ==မျှိတ်== *[[Wt/rki/မျှိတ်|မျှိတ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှို့|မျှို့]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှို့ကုပ်|မျှို့ကုပ်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှို့ကြောင်း|မျှို့ကြောင်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှို့သွီးစမ်း|မျှို့သွီးစမ်း]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှိုး|မျှိုး]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှိုးခွက်|မျှိုးခွက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှိုးစာ|မျှိုးစာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှိုးပိုက်|မျှိုးပိုက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မျှိုးလိုက်|မျှိုးလိုက်]] ==မြှား== *[[Wt/rki/မြှား|မြှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှားဆိပ်ပင်|မြှားဆိပ်ပင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှားပြ|မြှားပြ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှားလက်|မြှားလက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှေး|မြှေး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှေးယှက်|မြှေးယှက်]] ==မြှင့်== *[[Wt/rki/မြှင့်|မြှင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှင့်တင်|မြှင့်တင်]] ==မြှောက်== *[[Wt/rki/မြှောက်|မြှောက်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှောက်ကော်ပင့်လုံး|မြှောက်ကော်ပင့်လုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှောက်ချီပင့်ချီ|မြှောက်ချီပင့်ချီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှောက်ချီပင့်ချီ|မြှောက်ချီပင့်ချီ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှောက်စည်|မြှောက်စည်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှောက်စည်အစု|မြှောက်စည်အစု]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှောက်ဆီးတင်|မြှောက်ဆီးတင်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှောက်ဆီးပီး|မြှောက်ဆီးပီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှောက်တုံချီချ|မြှောက်တုံချီချ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှောက်ပီမြှောက်ပင့်|မြှောက်ပီမြှောက်ပင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှောက်ပီး|မြှောက်ပီး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှောက်လုံးပင့်ကော်|မြှောက်လုံးပင့်ကော်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှောင့်|မြှောင့်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှောင်း|မြှောင်း]] ==မြုံ== *[[Wt/rki/မြုံ|မြုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြုံဆန်|မြုံဆန်]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှုံ|မြှုံ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြှုံး|မြှုံး]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွ|မြွ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွှာ|မြွှာ]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွှား|မြွှား]] *[[Wt/rki/မြွှားကောင်|မြွှားကောင်]] [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/Arakan Alphabet]] kaqh0cvdh10imzftqanyir1l96ehxpw 0 3402850 7240277 7192591 2026-07-05T15:13:02Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/also|ယူ|ယူၢ်|ယဲၢ်|ω}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ja./}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ယ.ogg}} # ''ယ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၂၆ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ယ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/j/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့..." 7240277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|ယူ|ယူၢ်|ယဲၢ်|ω}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ja./}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|ယ.ogg}} # ''ယ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၂၆ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ယ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/j/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးမာ နှစ်ဆယ့် ခြောက်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ယသျှေ အစဟိစွာအနိန်နန့်လည်း ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === the th letter of the Arakanese alphabet === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးတွင် နှစ်ဆယ့် ခြောက်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ယသျှေ စသည်ဖြင့်လည်း ခေါ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ယ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/j၂/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ၁၊ ကြင်နာမြတ်နိုးစွာ ထိန်းသိမ်း စောင့်ယှောက် ပြုစုရေ။ ယ-သူယို့သူ၊ မေ့ကိုမူလီ၊ ရေပူရီချမ်းပီးပြီးကေ (ဥဒိန်တု)။ ၂၊ ကြင်နာ မြတ်နိုးမှုဖြင့် ညင်သာစွာ ပြုမူရေ။ ၃၊ အဖိုကအမကို ကြင်နာမြတ်နိုးမှုဖြင့် ချော့မြူရေ။ မေတ္တာ သက်ဝင်အောင် ပြုရေ။ ယုယရေ။ လက်ပံပင်မာ၊ ဇရက်သ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === treat - symbol for ellipsis === ဗမာ === ၁၊ ကြင်နာမြတ်နိုးစွာ ထိန်းသိမ်း စောင့်ယှောက် ပြုစုသည်။ ယ-သူယို့သူ၊ မေ့ကိုမူလေ၊ ရေပူရေချမ်းပေး၍ (ဥဒိန်တု)။ ၂၊ ကြင်နာ မြတ်နိုးမှုဖြင့် ညင်သာစွာ ပြုမူသည်။ ၃၊ အဖိုကအမကို ကြင်နာမြတ်နိုးမှုဖြင့် ချော့မြူသည်။ မေတ္တာ သက်ဝင်အောင် ပြုသည်။ ယုယသည်။ လက်ပံပင်မှာ၊ ဇရက်သ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 0yey8h3gq2f9ucnlkvzbgnha9m8cp0i 0 3402855 7240275 7240065 2026-07-05T15:10:13Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ja./}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|my|ယ.ogg|audio}} {{Wt/rki/qualifier|for certain loanwords derived from Pali or English}}: # ''ရ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၂၇ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်းဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာ..." 7240275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ja./}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|my|ယ.ogg|audio}} {{Wt/rki/qualifier|for certain loanwords derived from Pali or English}}: # ''ရ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၂၇ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်းဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်းသုံးဆယ့် သုံးလုံးမာ နှစ်တဆယ့်ခုနစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ရ ဟုခေါ်ရေ။ (ပီပီ သသ လျှာလိပ်သံ ရ ဟု ရွတ်ဆိုရရေ။ ရ အက္ခရာဧ့ နာမည် === အင်္ဂလိပ် === twenty-seventh letter of the Arakanese alphabet === ဗမာ === ဗျည်းသုံးဆယ့် သုံးလုံးတွင် နှစ်ဆယ့်ခုနှစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ရ ဟုခေါ်သည်။ (ပီပီ သသ လျှာလိပ်သံ ရ ဟု ရွတ်ဆိုရသည်။ ရ အက္ခရာ၏ အမည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹ၂/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === လက်ထဲကို ရောက်ဟိရေ။ သီးသန့် ပိုင်ဆိုင်မှုသို့ ရောက်ဟိရေ။ ၂၊ ဖမ်းဆီး မိရေ။ ၃၊ ဇနီးမောင်နှံအဖြစ် နီထိုင်ရေ။ ၄၊ ရောဂါ ရရေ။ ဈာန် ရရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === (a) get - obtain - have - (b) attain - acquire - earn - learn - reach etc. capture be married === ဗမာ === လက်ထဲသို့ ရောက်ရှိသည်။ သီးခြား ပိုင်ဆိုင်မှုသို့ ရောက်ရှိသည်။ ၂၊ ဖမ်းဆီး မိသည်။ ၃၊ ဇနီးမောင်နှံအဖြစ် နေထိုင်သည်။ ၄၊ ရောဂါ ရသည်။ ဈာန် ရသည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] pr40dl2bat1v8ibqxy2ybh0eiluz4nt 7240285 7240275 2026-07-05T15:21:09Z Retkhaberi 2609544 /* အင်္ဂလိပ် */ 7240285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ja./}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|my|ယ.ogg|audio}} {{Wt/rki/qualifier|for certain loanwords derived from Pali or English}}: # ''ရ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၂၇ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်းဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်းသုံးဆယ့် သုံးလုံးမာ နှစ်တဆယ့်ခုနစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ရ ဟုခေါ်ရေ။ (ပီပီ သသ လျှာလိပ်သံ ရ ဟု ရွတ်ဆိုရရေ။ ရ အက္ခရာဧ့ နာမည် === အင်္ဂလိပ် === twenty-seventh letter of the Arakanese alphabet === ဗမာ === ဗျည်းသုံးဆယ့် သုံးလုံးတွင် နှစ်ဆယ့်ခုနှစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ရ ဟုခေါ်သည်။ (ပီပီ သသ လျှာလိပ်သံ ရ ဟု ရွတ်ဆိုရသည်။ ရ အက္ခရာ၏ အမည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹ၂/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === လက်ထဲကို ရောက်ဟိရေ။ သီးသန့် ပိုင်ဆိုင်မှုသို့ ရောက်ဟိရေ။ ၂၊ ဖမ်းဆီး မိရေ။ ၃၊ ဇနီးမောင်နှံအဖြစ် နီထိုင်ရေ။ ၄၊ ရောဂါ ရရေ။ ဈာန် ရရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === (a) get - obtain - have - (b) attain - acquire - earn - learn - reach etc. capture be married === ဗမာ === လက်ထဲသို့ ရောက်ရှိသည်။ သီးခြား ပိုင်ဆိုင်မှုသို့ ရောက်ရှိသည်။ ၂၊ ဖမ်းဆီး မိသည်။ ၃၊ ဇနီးမောင်နှံအဖြစ် နေထိုင်သည်။ ၄၊ ရောဂါ ရသည်။ ဈာန် ရသည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] st54c5dgdyx7b3sdli96nhcrmcwxjy2 0 3402857 7240268 7230164 2026-07-05T15:00:54Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/also|လာ|လား|𑄣}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} # ''လ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၂၈ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ===ရင်းမြစ်=== {{Wt/rki/inh|my|sit-pro|*s/ɡ-la|t=moon; month}}မှ။ {{Wt/rki/cog|bo|ཟླ་བ}}, {{Wt/rki/cog|ii|ꆪ}}, {{Wt/rki/cog|blk|လာ}}, {{Wt/rki/cog|ksw|လါ}}, {{Wt/rki/cog|pwo|လၩ}}, {{Wt/rki/cog|kjp|လာ}}, {..." 7240268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|လာ|လား|𑄣}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} # ''လ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၂၈ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ===ရင်းမြစ်=== {{Wt/rki/inh|my|sit-pro|*s/ɡ-la|t=moon; month}}မှ။ {{Wt/rki/cog|bo|ཟླ་བ}}, {{Wt/rki/cog|ii|ꆪ}}, {{Wt/rki/cog|blk|လာ}}, {{Wt/rki/cog|ksw|လါ}}, {{Wt/rki/cog|pwo|လၩ}}, {{Wt/rki/cog|kjp|လာ}}, {{Wt/rki/cog|kyu|ꤜꤢꤧ꤭}} နန့် ရင်းမြစ်တူ ဝေါဟာရ။ ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/la./}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|my|လ.ogg|audio}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == လ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/l/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်းသုံးဆယ့် သုံးလုံးမာ နှစ်တဆယ့်သျှစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ လ ဟုခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === twenty-eighth letter of the Arakanese alphabet symbol for ellipsis (part) particle used as an abbreviated form of particles (as in ကြင်~တုံနန့်) particle prefixed to verbs for emphasis or euphony (as in မင်းက~ဝါခေါင်မကောင်း) === ဗမာ === ဗျည်းသုံးဆယ့် သုံးလုံးတွင် နှစ်ဆယ့်ရှစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ လ ဟုခေါ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == လ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/l၂/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ကမ္ဘာမြီကြီးကို ကိုယ့်လားလမ်း အတိုင်း (လမ်းဖြင့်)လှည့်ပတ်ကာ နီမှ အလင်းကို ကမ္ဘာသို့ ရောင်ပြန်ဟပ် ပေးနိန်ရေ ဂြိုဟ်ကြီး တလုံး။ တနင်းလာဂြိုဟ်။ စန်း။ ၂၊ သာမန်အနိန်နန့် လူရို့ရက် ၃ဝ-ခန့် ပိုင်းခြား ရွီတွက်သော ကာလ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === moon month === ဗမာ === ကမ္ဘာမြေကြီးကို မိမိသွားလမ်း အတိုင်း (လမ်းဖြင့်)လှည့်ပတ်ကာ နေမှ အလင်းကို ကမ္ဘာသို့ ရောင်ပြန်ဟပ် ပေးနေသော ဂြိုဟ်ကြီး တစ်လုံး။ တနင်္လာဂြိုဟ်။ စန်း။ ၂၊ သာမန်အားဖြင့် လူတို့ရက် ၃ဝ-ခန့် ပိုင်းခြား ရေတွက်သော ကာလ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] hkp1hv44nyhdn8lruabby3fqsbxmopm 7240274 7240268 2026-07-05T15:07:28Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|လာ|လား|𑄣}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} # ''လ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၂၈ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/la./}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|my|လ.ogg|audio}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == လ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/l/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်းသုံးဆယ့် သုံးလုံးမာ နှစ်တဆယ့်သျှစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ လ ဟုခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === twenty-eighth letter of the Arakanese alphabet symbol for ellipsis (part) particle used as an abbreviated form of particles (as in ကြင်~တုံနန့်) particle prefixed to verbs for emphasis or euphony (as in မင်းက~ဝါခေါင်မကောင်း) === ဗမာ === ဗျည်းသုံးဆယ့် သုံးလုံးတွင် နှစ်ဆယ့်ရှစ်လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ လ ဟုခေါ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == လ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/l/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ကမ္ဘာမြီကြီးကို ကိုယ့်လားလမ်း အတိုင်း (လမ်းဖြင့်)လှည့်ပတ်ကာ နီမှ အလင်းကို ကမ္ဘာသို့ ရောင်ပြန်ဟပ် ပေးနိန်ရေ ဂြိုဟ်ကြီး တလုံး။ တနင်းလာဂြိုဟ်။ စန်း။ ၂၊ သာမန်အနိန်နန့် လူရို့ရက် ၃ဝ-ခန့် ပိုင်းခြား ရွီတွက်သော ကာလ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === moon month === ဗမာ === ကမ္ဘာမြေကြီးကို မိမိသွားလမ်း အတိုင်း (လမ်းဖြင့်)လှည့်ပတ်ကာ နေမှ အလင်းကို ကမ္ဘာသို့ ရောင်ပြန်ဟပ် ပေးနေသော ဂြိုဟ်ကြီး တစ်လုံး။ တနင်္လာဂြိုဟ်။ စန်း။ ၂၊ သာမန်အားဖြင့် လူတို့ရက် ၃ဝ-ခန့် ပိုင်းခြား ရေတွက်သော ကာလ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 8cfnaf5czqraq51dcolbi8xeoblmxpw 0 3402859 7240266 7230991 2026-07-05T14:57:25Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|၀|ဝမ်း|ဝံ|ဝႆ|𑄤}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} # ''ဝ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၂၉ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/wa./}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|my|ဝ.ogg|audio}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဝ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/w/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်းသုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးမာ နှစ်ဆယ့်ကိုးလုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ‘ဝ’ဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === twenty-ninth letter of the Arakanese alphabet === ဗမာ === ဗျည်းသုံးဆယ့်သုံး လုံးတွင် နှစ်ဆယ့်ကိုးလုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း။ ‘ဝ’ဟု ခေါ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဝ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/w၂/}} === နာမဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာ ဖွံ့ဖြိုးသော။ ၂၊ လိုအပ်သမျှ၊ ဟိသင့် ဟိအပ်သမျှသော အလုံစုံပမာဏ ပြည့်စုံသော။ (စားပစ်လို့ ‘ဝ’ ရေ။ သုံးနှုန်းလေ့ ဟိကတ်တေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === fat [as in ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာ~] - obese [as in အလွန်~] - plump [as in ကြက်ချေ~လို့ ချစ်ဖို့ကောင်း] sufficient [as in အိပ်ရီး~] === ဗမာ === ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာ ဖွံ့ဖြိုးသော။ ၂၊ လိုအပ်သမျှ၊ ယှိသင့် ယှိအပ်သမျှသော အလုံစုံပမာဏ ပြည့်စုံသော။ (စားလို့ ‘ဝ’ သည်။ သုံးနှုန်းလေ့ ယှိကြသည်။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဝ၃ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/w၃/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အားရ တင်းတိမ်ရေ။ ကျီနပ်မှု ရဟိရေ။ မင်းစကားပြောလို့ ဝဗျာလား။ ၂၊ ဖီးဖယ်ထားရေ။ ဂရုမပြုပဲ ထားရေ။ ဥပေက္ခာပြု ထားရေ။ ထားလိုက်ဝေး မောင်လှ စကားကို မကြားချင် ‘ဝ’ ဖို့ကောင်းရေ (အရပ်) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === be satisfied [as in ပြောလို့~ဗျာယ်] === ဗမာ === အားရ တင်းတိမ်သည်။ ကျေနပ်မှု ရယှိသည်။ မင်းစကားပြောလို့ ဝဗျာလား။ ၂၊ ဘေးဖယ်ထားသည်။ ဂရုမပြုပဲ ထားသည်။ ဥပေက္ခာပြု ထားသည်။ ထားလိုက်ဝေး မောင်လှ စကားကို မကြားချင် ‘ဝ’ ဖို့ကောင်းရေ (အရပ်) == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဝ၄ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/w၄/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === မကြည့်ချင် မမြင်ချင် ဖြစ်တေ။ ၂၊ မုန်းရေ။ အမြင်ကတ်ရေ။ ထိမ်းမြှားချိန်မှန်၊ သားလင်တန်လည်း၊ ယမန်ရှေးက၊ မင်းဘုရင်ကို၊ ငါလျှင် ‘ဝ’လို့ ပြောပြရီမာ (ဒွေး) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === hate === ဗမာ === မကြည့်ချင် မမြင်ချင် ဖြစ်သည်။ ၂၊ မုန်းသည်။ အမြင်ကတ်သည်။ ထိမ်းမြှားချိန်မှန်၊ သားလင်တန်လည်း၊ ယမန်ရှေးက၊ မင်းဘုရင်ကို၊ ငါလျှင် ‘ဝ’လို့ ပြောပြသည်မှာ (ဒွေး) == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] lpoouljl00h60p9086dstng619satbg 0 3402932 7240265 7238492 2026-07-05T14:54:02Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Replaced content with "{{Wt/rki/also|ᦉ|𑄥}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} # ''သ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၃၀ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ===အခြားကြည့်ရန်=== * {{Wt/rki/l|mul|ဿ}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/tha/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|my|သ.ogg|audio}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == သ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/θ/}} === နာမ် === *{{W..." 7240265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|ᦉ|𑄥}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} # ''သ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၃၀ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ===အခြားကြည့်ရန်=== * {{Wt/rki/l|mul|ဿ}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/tha/}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|my|သ.ogg|audio}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == သ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/θ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးမာ အလုံးသုံးဆယ်မြောက် ဗျည်း။ သဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === thirtieth letter of the Arakanese alphabet === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးတွင် အလုံးသုံးဆယ်မြောက် ဗျည်း။ သဟု ခေါ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == သ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/θ၂/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ပြုပျင်ရေ။ ဆင်ယင်ရေ။ မွမ်းမံရေ။ ဆံပင်ရှည်ရေ တိုအောင်တဖဲ့ချေ ပိုင်က်ပါ။ (အရပ်)။ ၂၊ ဓါး၊ လှံ အစဟိစွာ ပဲ့ယွဲ့ နေစွာကို အကောင်းဖြစ်ယောင် ပြုရေ။ ဓါးပိုင် ပဲ့လားခဗျာ ပန်းဖဲဖိုဖို့လားရို့ သပစ်ခီ (အရပ်) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === make oneself presentable or good-looking keep(sth)in trim or in shape [as in ဆံပင်ရှည်ကို ~လိုက်] sharpen a spear or a knife [as in ဓါး၊ လှံကို~] === ဗမာ === ပြုပြင်သည်။ ဆင်ယင်သည်။ မွမ်းမံသည်။ ဆံပင်ရှည်ရေ တိုအောင်နည်းနည်း သလိုက်ပါ။ (အရပ်)။ ၂၊ ဓါး၊ လှံ စသည် ပဲ့ယွဲ့ နေသည်ကို အကောင်းဖြစ်အောင် ပြုသည်။ ဓါးအသွား ပဲ့လားခဗျာ ပန်းပဲဖိုမှာလားရို့ သပစ်ခီ (အရပ်) == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] dr0cre9lkylcak8rnvn19upibtt2vzk 0 3402933 7240262 7192037 2026-07-05T14:47:01Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|ဟို|ဟံး|ဟု|ဟူ|ဟံၣ်|𑄦}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/audio|my|ဟ.ogg|audio}} * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ha./}} # ''ဟ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၃၁ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဟ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/h/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ်သုံးလုံးမာ သုံးဆယ်တလုံးမြောက် ‘ဟ’ အက္ခရာ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === thirty-first letter of the Arakanese alphabet === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ်သုံးလုံးတွင် သုံးဆယ်တစ်လုံးမြောက် ‘ဟ’ အက္ခရာ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဟ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/h၂/}} === နာမဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === မစိသော၊ ပွင့်လပ်နိန်ရေ။ တန်းခါး ဟ နီရေ’ (အရပ်) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === open === ဗမာ === မစေ့သော၊ ပွင့်လပ်နေသော။ တံခါး ဟ နီရေ’ (အရပ်) == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဟ၃ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/h၃/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဟနိန်ရေ အရာကို ဖွင့်ရေ။ ၂၊ ဖွင့်ထုတ်ပြောဆိုရေ။ ချိုချိုသံမြ၊ ဟလို့မရယ်၊ မောင့်မျက်နှာကို၊ ကြည့်ကာငုံ့လို့၊ ပြုံးတတ် တေလေ (ကော်)။ တခါတရီထူး၊ ယင်းစကားကို၊ မဟ ဖူး (အရပ်) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === open [as in တံခါး~] speak out [as in ဖွင့်~ပြောဆို] (of doors) be ajar be agape === ဗမာ === ဟနေသော အရာကို ဖွင့်သည်။ ၂၊ ဖွင့်ထုတ်ပြောဆိုသည်။ ချိုချိုသံမြ၊ ဟလို့မရယ်၊ မောင့်မျက်နှာကို၊ ကြည့်ကာငုံ့လို့၊ ပြုံးတတ် တေလေ (ကော်)။ တစ်ခါတစ်ရံထူး၊ ယင်းစကားကို၊ မဟ ဖူး (အရပ်) == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဟ၄ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/h၄/}} === အာလုပ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|အာလုပ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အံ့အားသင့်ရေအခါ မျိုးမာ ပြောဆို မြည်တမ်းသော စကားလုံး ဟ ကြည့်ဖိချက် ကြည့်ဖိချက် === အင်္ဂလိပ် === interjection denoting surprise amazement alarm [as in ~ကြည့်စမ်း ကြည့်စမ်း] === ဗမာ === အံ့အားသင့်သည့်အခါ မျိုးတွင် ပြောဆို မြည်တမ်းသော စကားလုံး ဟ ကြည့်စမ်း ကြည့်စမ်း == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] bjcglzdgzqgocdy306ctyks9dz72jqg 0 3402934 7240256 6926616 2026-07-05T14:41:20Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} # ''ဠ'' စွာ {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ ၃၂ လုံးမြောက် ဗျည်း ဖြစ်ရေ။ ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/la./}} * {{Wt/rki/audio|mul|လ.ogg|audio}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဠ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/l/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးရို့မာ သုံးဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမြောက် အက္ခရာ။ ဠကြီးဟု ခေါ်ရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === thirty-second letter of the Arakanese alphabet === ဗမာ === ဗျည်း သုံးဆယ့်သုံးလုံးတို့တွင် သုံးဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမြောက် အက္ခရာ။ ဠကြီးဟု အမည်တွင်သည် ==ဆက်စပ်== *[[Wt/rki/ဠကြီး|ဠကြီး]] *[[Wt/rki/ဠင်းတ|ဠင်းတ]] == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 2evtk8ywlovzqebkna3184o4bu21iio 0 3402943 7240247 7135259 2026-07-05T14:27:21Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} {{Wt/rki/w|ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ}}ဟိ အီ စာလုံး ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/i./}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဣ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔḭ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမာ ပါဝင်ရေ သရမျိုး။ အက္ခရာ အိဟု ခေါ်ရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === third in the set of twelve vowels traditionally taught in the learning of Arakan Language === ဗမာ === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးတွင် ပါဝင်သော သရမျိုး။ အက္ခရာ အိဟု ခေါ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 7rlcy18txnk4rtute0rpsd9lkvvw0dm 0 3402944 7240244 6926621 2026-07-05T14:24:26Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/i/}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဤ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔì/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သင်ရိုး သရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမာ ပါဝင်ရေ သရတမျိုး။ အက္ခရာ အီဟု ခေါ်ရေ။ သင်္ကေတမာ (-ီ) လုံးတင် ဆန်ခတ် ဖြစ်တေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === fourth in the set of twelve vowels traditionally taught in the learning of Arakan Language === ဗမာ === သင်ရိုး သရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးတွင် ပါဝင်သော သရတစ်မျိုး။ အက္ခရာ အီဟု ခေါ်သည်။ သင်္ကေတမှာ (-ီ) လုံးတင် ဆန်ခတ် ဖြစ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 3ui8cyijeysddrtsatt1tn9l8jaqbvx 0 3402945 7240235 7135056 2026-07-05T14:15:24Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/also|အူ|ဦး|ဉ}} {{Wt/rki/character info}} # ရခိုင် သရအက္ခရာ အု [[File:Gåseæg.1.jpg|thumb|{{Wt/rki/l|rki||ဥ|tr=-}}]] ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/u./}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဥ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔṵ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမာ ပါဝင်ရေ သရတမျိုး။ အက္ခရာ အုဟု ခေါ်ရေ။ သင်္ကေတမာ (-ု) တချောင်းငင် ဖြစ်တေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === fifth in the set of twelve vowels traditionally taught in the learning of Arakan Language === ဗမာ === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးတွင် ပါဝင်သော သရတစ်မျိုး။ အက္ခရာ အုဟု ခေါ်သည်။ သင်္ကေတမှာ (-ု) တစ်ချောင်းငင် ဖြစ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဥ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔṵ၂/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အသုံးမချ၊ အရီးမမူ၊ ဂရုမစိုက်ရာမာ သုံးသော စကားလုံး === အင်္ဂလိပ် === useless === ဗမာ === အသုံးမချ၊ အရေးမမူ၊ ဂရုမစိုက်ရာ၌ သုံးသော စကားလုံး == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဥ၃ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔṵ၃/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ကိုယ့် စိတ်မာ မကြိုက်မှု၊ သဘောမကျမှု စိကေချေလောင်းာက်သော ပမာဏ၊ မများခြင်း၊ စိုးစဉ်အစဟိရေ အရာရို့မာ နှုတ်ကထွက်ပြီးကေ ပြောဆိုရေ စကားလုံး === အင်္ဂလိပ် === negative === ဗမာ === မိမိ၏ စိတ်၌ မနှစ်သက်မှု၊ သဘောမကျမှု အနည်းငယ်မျှသော ပမာဏ၊ မများခြင်း၊ စိုးစဉ်စသော အရာတို့၌ နှုတ်မှထွက်၍ ပြောဆိုသော စကားလုံး == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 37gq7pko4x7099aiihvdxg7mlk8l9vm 0 3402946 7240230 7044216 2026-07-05T14:11:31Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/ei/}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဧ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔè/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမာ ပါဝင်ရေ သရတမျိုး။ အက္ခရာအေဟု ခေါ်ရေ။ သင်္ကေတမာ (ေ-) ဖြစ်တေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === seventh in the set of twelve vowels traditionally taught in the learning of Arakan Language === ဗမာ === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးတွင် ပါဝင်သော သရတစ်မျိုး။ အက္ခရာအေဟု ခေါ်သည်။ သင်္ကေတမှာ (ေ-) ဖြစ်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဧ၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔè၂/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဧးဆိုရေ အသံချီကာ ဧးဆိုရေ အသံချပနာ သီဆိုရေ ကဗျာတေးခြင်း === အင်္ဂလိပ် === poem === ဗမာ === ဧးဟူသော အသံချီကာ ဧးဟူသော အသံချ၍ သီဆိုသော ကဗျာသီချင်း == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] l75wwvikzuqwrie3jdr7vqofprk8q15 0 3402947 7240214 6926624 2026-07-05T14:02:07Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} {{Wt/rki/also|သြ}} =={{Wt/rki/=rki=}}== ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/o׃/}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဩ === အသံထွက် === * {{RKI_IPA|/ʔɔ́/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမာ ပါဝင်ရေ သရတမျိုး။ အောအက္ခရာဟု ခေါ်ရေ။ သင်္ကေတမာ (ေ-ာ) ဖြစ်တေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === ninth in the set of twelve vowels traditionally taught in the learning of Arakan Language === ဗမာ === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးတွင် ပါဝင်သော သရတစ်မျိုး။ အောအက္ခရာဟု ခေါ်သည်။ သင်္ကေတမှာ (ေ-ာ) ဖြစ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 2iij7o8w63k2ot3dlhtikiccwuqdngc 7240215 7240214 2026-07-05T14:02:28Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 /* အသံထွက် */ 7240215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} {{Wt/rki/also|သြ}} =={{Wt/rki/=rki=}}== ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/o׃/}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဩ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔɔ́/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမာ ပါဝင်ရေ သရတမျိုး။ အောအက္ခရာဟု ခေါ်ရေ။ သင်္ကေတမာ (ေ-ာ) ဖြစ်တေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === ninth in the set of twelve vowels traditionally taught in the learning of Arakan Language === ဗမာ === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးတွင် ပါဝင်သော သရတစ်မျိုး။ အောအက္ခရာဟု ခေါ်သည်။ သင်္ကေတမှာ (ေ-ာ) ဖြစ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] ffrpzdp9q0lsqwvuz654dpdl50xz02y 7240216 7240215 2026-07-05T14:02:47Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 /* ကိုးကား */ 7240216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} {{Wt/rki/also|သြ}} =={{Wt/rki/=rki=}}== ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/o׃/}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဩ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔɔ́/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမာ ပါဝင်ရေ သရတမျိုး။ အောအက္ခရာဟု ခေါ်ရေ။ သင်္ကေတမာ (ေ-ာ) ဖြစ်တေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === ninth in the set of twelve vowels traditionally taught in the learning of Arakan Language === ဗမာ === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးတွင် ပါဝင်သော သရတစ်မျိုး။ အောအက္ခရာဟု ခေါ်သည်။ သင်္ကေတမှာ (ေ-ာ) ဖြစ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Wt/rki/Template:R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] at17c35d1rhqo08wjha2n63wip0su7m 7240217 7240216 2026-07-05T14:03:10Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 /* ကိုးကား */ 7240217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} {{Wt/rki/also|သြ}} =={{Wt/rki/=rki=}}== ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/o׃/}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဩ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔɔ́/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမာ ပါဝင်ရေ သရတမျိုး။ အောအက္ခရာဟု ခေါ်ရေ။ သင်္ကေတမာ (ေ-ာ) ဖြစ်တေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === ninth in the set of twelve vowels traditionally taught in the learning of Arakan Language === ဗမာ === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးတွင် ပါဝင်သော သရတစ်မျိုး။ အောအက္ခရာဟု ခေါ်သည်။ သင်္ကေတမှာ (ေ-ာ) ဖြစ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] hxdsbkyhaab7uayjdsx6qtq168v1ae4 0 3404636 7240605 5983229 2026-07-06T02:13:39Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240605 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benghazi''' (rili, Na [di] Ghazi in pikin) na di sɛkɔn siti we gɛt bɔku pipul dɛn na [[Wp/kri/Libya|Libya]] ɛn bak na di siti we gɛt bɔku pipul dɛn pas ɔl na Sayrinaika, wit wan ɛstimat pipul dɛm na 859,000 insay 2023. Benghazi we de na di Galf ɔf Sidra na di Mɛditarenian, na wan men si pɔt bak. Wan Grik kɔloni we dɛn kɔl Euesperides bin dɔn de na di eria frɔm arawnd di ia 525 BC. Insay di 3rd sɛntinari BC, dɛn bin muf am ɛn dɛn bin bil am bak as di siti we dɛn kɔl Bɛrinis we dɛn bin de kɔl Tɔlɔmɛy. Berenice bin go bifo ɔnda di Roman dɛn, ɛn afta di 3rd sɛntinari AD i bin tek ples fɔ Sayrin ɛn Baka as di sɛntrɔm fɔ Sayrinaika. Di siti bin go dɔŋ insay di Bayzantin tɛm ɛn dɛn bin dɔn ɔlrɛdi ridyus am to smɔl tɔŋ bifo di Arab dɛn win am. Insay 1911, Itali bin tek Benghazi ɛn di ɔda pat dɛn na Tripolitania frɔm di Ɔtoman dɛn. Ɔnda di Itali rul, Benghazi bin witnɛs wan tɛm we bɔku divɛlɔpmɛnt ɛn mɔdanizashɔn, mɔ insay di sɛkɔn haf pan di 1930 dɛm. Di siti bin chenj an bɔku tɛm insay Wɔl Wɔ Tu ɛn i bin pwɛl bad bad wan we dɛn bin de du dat. Afta di wɔ dɛn bil Benghazi bak ɛn bi di kɔ-kapital fɔ di nyu indipɛndɛnt Kiŋdɔm na Libya. Afta di 1969 coup d’état we Muammar Gaddafi bin mek, Benghazi lɔs in kapital stetɔs ɛn ɔl di gɔvmɛnt ɔfis dɛn bin muf go na [[Wp/kri/Tripoli|Tripoli]]. Na 15 Fɛbwari 2011, pipul dɛn bin tɔn agens di gɔvmɛnt fɔ Muammar Gaddafi na di siti. Di rivolt bin spred bay 17 Fɛbwari to Bayda, Tobruk, Ajdabya, Al Marj na di Is ɛn Zintan, Zawiya na di Wɛst, ɛn dɛn kɔl fɔ mek di Gadafi gɔvmɛnt dɔn. Di wan dɛn we bin de agens Gadafi bin tek Bɛngazi pan 21 Fɛbwari, we bin fɔdɔm di Nashɔnal Transishɔnal Kaɔnsil (NTC). Na 19 Mach 2011, di siti na bin di sayt fɔ di tɔnin pɔynt fɔ di Libya Sivil Wɔ, we di Libya Ami bin tray fɔ skor wan disisiv win agens di NTC bay we dɛn atak Bɛngazi, bɔt dɛn fos dɛn bak bikɔs di lokal resistans ɛn intavɛnshɔn frɔm di Frɛnch Eya Fos we UNSC Rizɔlt 1973 bin alaw fɔ protɛkt sivilian dɛn, we alaw di ribelɔn fɔ kɔntinyu. Bay 2014, sɛkɔn sivil wɔ bin brok na Libya bitwin di Haus ɔf Ripɔblikan ɛn di Gɔvmɛnt fɔ Nashɔnal Akɔd, wit sɔm pat dɛn na Libya we split bitwin Tobruk- ɛn Tripoli-based gɔvmɛnt te dɛn stɔp fɔ fɛt fɔ ɔltɛm we wan yunit gɔvmɛnt bin de lid insay 2020. Benghazi stil bi wan sɛnta fɔ Libya kɔmishɔn, industri, transpɔt ɛn kɔlchɔ, ɛn wan pan di tri big siti dɛm na Libya wit Tripoli ɛn Misrata. I kɔntinyu fɔ ol institiushɔn ɛn ɔganayzeshɔn dɛn we nɔmal fɔ gɛt fɔ du wit wan kapital siti, we inklud sɔm nashɔnal gɔvmɛnt bildin dɛn ɛn bak di Nashɔnal Laybri na Libya. [[Category:Wp/kri]] 4rpbfjwye2tl2wmavo7hu558mhmojay 0 3405505 7240672 6620144 2026-07-06T06:32:26Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Tòk|tòk=Volscian|kòntri=[[Wp/kri/Italy|Itali]]|iso3=xvo}} '''Volscian''' na bin wan Sabellic Italic langwej, we di Volscian pipul dɛn bin de tɔk ɛn i bin rili gɛt sɔntin fɔ du wit [[Wp/kri/Oskantòk|Oscan]] ɛn [[Wp/kri/Umbritòk|Umbrian]]. Volscian de atɛst insay wan inskripshɔn we dɛn fɛn na Velitrae (Velletri), we sɔntɛm na frɔm di fɔs pat pan di 3rd sɛntinari BC; dɛn kɔt am pan wan smɔl brɔnz plet (we de naw na di Nepal Miuzɛm), we dɛn go dɔn fiks am wan tɛm pan sɔm tin we dɛn bin de vot, we dɛn bin de gi to di gɔd we nem Diklɔs (ɔ di gɔd uman we nem Dikluna). Di langwej we dɛn rayt dis raytin klia fɔ sho di patikyula tin dɛn we rili mak we mek i de nia di langwej we dɛn rayt na di Iguvin Tebul dɛn. i sho pan wan an di labialization fכ di orijinal velar q (Volscian pis = Latin quis), εn na di כda say i de palatalize di guttural c bifo wan fכlכw i (Volscian facia Latin faciat). Lɛk Umbrian bak, bɔt i nɔ tan lɛk [[Wp/kri/Latintòk|Latin]] ɛn Oscan, i dɔn chenj ɔl di diftɔng dɛn to simpul vaybul dɛn (Volscian se paralel to Oscan svai; Volscian deue, Old Latin ɛn Oscan deiuai ɔ deiuoi). Dis tin we dɛn bin fɔ dɔn tek fɔ wan pat pan Umbrian tɛks we de na wan distrikt we de fa frɔm Ɔmbria ɛn we Latin pipul dɛn na di nɔt ɛn Samnayt dɛn we de tɔk Oscan na di sawt de rawnd am, na wan tin we rili kɔriɔs pan di say we dɛn de sheb di Italik langwej dɛn , ɛn i klia se na di rizɔlt fɔ sɔm kɔmpleks istri muvmɛnt dɛn. [[Category:Wp/kri]] [[Category:Wp/kri/Tòk]] j5prk7c3fenelg19v12cpdl39nwx1d9 0 3405662 7240685 5961512 2026-07-06T06:50:50Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Tòk|tòk=Navarro-Aragonese|kòntri=Spain|iso3=mis}} '''Navarro-Aragonese''' na Romans langwej we dɛn bin de tɔk wan tɛm na wan big pat na di Ebro Riva bɛsin, we de na di sawt pat na di midul Pyrenees, pan ɔl we na smɔl pat nɔmɔ dɛn de tɔk am naw na di say we dɛn bin de fɔs. Sɔntɛm di say dɛn we dɛn bin de tɔk am na bɔku pat dɛn na Aragɔn, di sawt pat na Nava, ɛn La Rioja. Dɛn bin de tɔk am bak akɔdin to sɔm tɔŋ dɛn na di sɛntral pat na Nava insay wan ples usay pipul dɛn kin tɔk bɔku langwej dɛn wit Ɔksitan, usay [[Wp/kri/Basktòk|Bask]] na bin di langwej we dɛn bin de tɔk. Navarro-Aragonese bin lɔs grɔn smɔl smɔl ɔlsay na bɔku pan in jografik eria dɛn to [[Wp/kri/Spanish|Kastilia]], wit di las tin dɛn we lɛf na di dayalɛkt dɛn fɔ di Aragonese langwej we dɛn stil de tɔk na di nɔt pat na Aragɔn. [[Category:Wp/kri]] [[Category:Wp/kri/Langwej]] 2iquee0rqyovncho901p3n4g1emyg10 0 3412748 7240696 5952367 2026-07-06T07:21:19Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Kɔntri|Name=Venezwela|Flag=Flag of Venezuela.svg|COA=Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg|Location=Venezuela Orthographic Map.svg|Moto="Dios y Federación" ("Gɔd ɛn Fɛdareshɔn")|Antɛm=Gloria al Bravo Pueblo ("Glɔri to di Brayt Pipul dɛn")|Kapital=Caracas|Offistɔk=Spanish|Area=916,445|Pipuldɛm=31,800,000|Dɛnsiti=32/sqkm|Gɔvment=Fɛdaral prɛsidɛnt ripablik ɔnda wan ɔtoritarian diktetaship|Lida=Delcy Rodríguez (Prɛsidɛnt)}} '''Venezuela''' (/ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə/; Amɛrikan Spanish: [beneˈswela]), ɔfishal wan na di '''Bolivarian Ripɔblik fɔ Venezuela''' (Spanish: ''República Bolivariana de Venezuela''), na wan kɔntri we de na di nɔt kɔst na [[Wp/kri/Sawt Amɛrika|Sawt Amɛrika]], we gɛt wan kɔntinɛntal landmas ɛn bɔku ayland ɛn ayland dɛn na di Karibian Si. I gɛt teritɔrial ɛkstenshɔn we na 916,445 km² (353,841 sq mi), ɛn dɛn bin tɔk se in pipul dɛn na 31.8 milyɔn insay 2025. Di kapital ɛn big big ɔban agglomɛreshɔn na di siti na [[Wp/kri/Karakas|Karakas]]. Di kɔntinɛntal teritɔri gɛt bɔda na di nɔt wit di Karibian Si ɛn di Atlantik Oshɔn, na di wɛst wit [[Wp/kri/Kolombia|Kolombia]], [[Wp/kri/Brazil|Brazil]] na di sawt, [[Wp/kri/Trinidad ɛn Tobago|Trinidad ɛn Tobago]] na di nɔt-ist ɛn na di ist wit [[Wp/kri/Guyana|Gayana]]. Di Venezuela gɔvmɛnt de mentɛn wan klem agens Gayana to Guayana Esequiba. Venezuela na fedaral prɛsidɛnt ripablik we gɛt 23 stet dɛm, di Kapital Distrikt ɛn fedaral dipɛnsin dɛm we de kɔba Venezuela in ɔfsho ayland dɛm. Venezuela na wan pan di kɔntri dɛm we gɛt bɔku siti dɛm na Latin Amɛrika; di bɔku bɔku pipul dɛm na Venezuela de liv na di siti dɛm na di nɔt ɛn na di kapital siti. Di teritɔri na Vɛnizwela bin gɛt [[Wp/kri/Spain|Spain]] insay 1522 bikɔs di indijinos pipul dɛn bin de agens am. Insay 1811, i bin bi wan pan di fɔs Spanish-Amɛrikan teritɔri dɛn we bin deklare indipɛndɛns frɔm di Spanish ɛn fɔm pat, as dipatmɛnt, pan di fɔs fedaral Ripɔblik fɔ Kɔlɔmbia (we dɛn kɔl istri as Gran Kɔlɔmbia). I bin separet as ful sovayb kɔntri insay 1830. Insay di 19t sɛntinari, Venezuela bin sɔfa pan pɔlitikal trɔbul ɛn ɔtokrasi, ɛn na di rijinal soja dikteta dɛn bin stil de kɔntrol am te to di mid-20t sɛntinari. Frɔm 1958, di kɔntri dɔn gɛt sɔm dimokrasi gɔvmɛnt dɛn, as ɛksɛpshɔn usay bɔku pan di rijyɔn bin de rul wit soja diktetaship, ɛn di tɛm bin gɛt bɔku ikɔmik prɔsperiti. Di ikɔnomik shɔk dɛn we bin apin insay di 1980 ɛn 1990 dɛm bin mek big big pɔlitikal kraysis ɛn bɔku bɔku soshal ɔnarɛst, inklud di Caracazo rɔsh we bin kil pipul dɛn insay 1989, tu tɛm we dɛn bin tray fɔ pul di gɔvmɛnt na pawa insay 1992, ɛn di impeachment fɔ wan Prɛsidɛnt fɔ embezzlement of public funds chaj insay 1993. Di kollaps in kɔnfidɛns insay di pati dɛm we bin de naw bin si di 1998 Venezuelan prɛsidɛnt ilɛkshɔn, di katalis fɔ di Bolivarian Rivɔlɔshɔn, we bigin wit wan 1999 Kɔnstityushɔn Asɛmbli, usay dɛn bin put nyu Kɔnstityushɔn fɔ Venezuela. Di gɔvmɛnt in populist soshal wɛlbɔdi polisi dɛn bin strɔng fɔ sɔm tɛm bay we di ɔyl prayz bin de go ɔp, fɔ sɔm tɛm we di soshal spɛndin bin de go ɔp ɛn fɔ ridyus di ikɔnomi inikualiti ɛn po insay di fɔs ia dɛn we Chavez bin de rul. Bɔt po bigin fɔ bɔku kwik kwik wan, insay midul to let 2014. Di 2013, 2018 ɛn 2024 prɛsidɛnt ilɛkshɔn ɔl bin gɛt bɔku agyumɛnt, ɛn dɛn bin arɛst ɔ kɛr di oposishɔn kandidet dɛn na ɔda kɔntri. Dis bin mek bɔku pipul dɛn bin de protɛst ɛn kɔndɛm pipul dɛn na di wɔl, ɛn dis bin mek ɔda prɔblɛm kam ɔlsay na di kɔntri. Insay Janwari 2026, Amɛrika bin kech Prɛsidɛnt Nicolas Maduro. Vayz Prɛsidɛnt Delcy Rodríguez bin swɛ as aktin prɛsidɛnt. [[Category:Wp/kri]] {{INTERWIKI|Q717}} dxh0sk8arv5yi1gk2f7hx8zukmoslvy 0 3412914 7240760 7222035 2026-07-06T08:49:05Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Kɔntri|Name=Pɛru|Flag=Flag of Peru.svg|COA=Escudo nacional del Perú.svg|Location=PER orthographic.svg|Moto="Firme y feliz por la unión" (Spanish) "Fɔm ɛn Gladi fɔ di Yuniɔn"|Antɛm="Marcha de Banderas" (Spanish) "Mach fɔ di Flag dɛn"|Kapital=Lima|Area=1,285,216|Offistɔk=Spanish|Pipuldɛm=34,352,720|Dɛnsiti=23/sqkm|Gɔvment=Yuniti sɛmi-prɛsidɛnt ripablik|Lida=José María Balcázar (Prɛsident)}} '''Pɛru''', ɔfishal wan na di '''Ripɔblik fɔ Pɛru''', na wan kɔntri we de na di wɛst pat na [[Wp/kri/Sawt Amɛrika|Sawt Amɛrika]]. I gɛt bɔda na di nɔt wit [[Wp/kri/Èkwador|Ɛkwado]] ɛn [[Wp/kri/Kolombia|Kolombia]], na di ist wit [[Wp/kri/Brazil|Brazil]], na di sawt-ist wit [[Wp/kri/Bolivya|Bolivia]], na di sawt wit [[Wp/kri/Chile|Chili]], ɛn na di sawt ɛn wɛst wit di [[Wp/kri/Pasifik Oshɔn|Pasifik Oshɔn]]. Peru na wan kɔntri we gɛt bɔku bɔku pipul dɛn we gɛt ples dɛn fɔ liv frɔm di dray ples dɛn na di Pasifik kɔstal rijɔn na di wɛst to di pik dɛn na di Andes mawnten dɛn we de frɔm di nɔt to di sawt-ist pat na di kɔntri to di tropik Amazɔn bɛsin ren fɔrɛst na di ist wit di Amazɔn Riva. I pas 32 milyɔn pipul dɛn na Pɛru, ɛn in kapital siti ɛn di big siti na Lima. Na 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi), Peru na di nɔmba 19 kɔntri na di wɔl, ɛn na di tɔd kɔntri na Sawt Amɛrika. Di teritɔri na Pɛru bin gɛt bɔku kɔlchɔ dɛn insay di ol ɛn midul ivul tɛm, ɛn i gɛt wan pan di lɔng istri dɛn bɔt sivilizayshɔn pas ɛni kɔntri, we de tray fɔ no in ɛritij bak to di 10th mileniɔm bifo Krays. Notis kɔlchɔ ɛn sivilizayshɔn dɛn bifo di kɔlonial tɛm inklud di Caral-Supe sivilizayshɔn (di fɔs sivilizayshɔn na di Amɛrika dɛn ɛn dɛn kin tek am se na wan pan di kredul dɛm fɔ sivilizayshɔn), di Nazka kɔlchɔ, di Wari ɛn Tiwanaku ɛmpaya dɛm, di Kiŋdɔm ɔf Kusko, ɛn di Inka Ɛmpaya, di big stet we dɛn no na di Amɛrika dɛn bifo Kɔlumbia. Di Spanish Ɛmpaya bin win di rijyɔn insay di 16t sɛntinari ɛn Chals V bin mek wan vayrɔyalti wit di ɔfishal nem fɔ di Kiŋdɔm ɔf Pɛru we bin kɔba bɔku pan in Sawt Amɛrika teritɔri dɛn, wit in kapital siti na Lima. Ay edyukeshɔn bigin na di Amɛrika dɛn wit di ɔfishal we dɛn mek di Nashɔnal Yunivasiti na San Maks na Lima insay 1551. Pɛru bin fɔmal wan prɛd indipɛndɛns insay 1821, ɛn afta di fɔrin soja kampen dɛn we Josɛf de San Matin ɛn Simɔn Boliva bin du, ɛn di disisiv fɛt na Ayakucho , Pɛru bin dɔn in indipɛndɛns insay 1824. Insay di ia dɛn we bin kam afta dat, di kɔntri bin fɔs sɔfa wit pɔlitikal instability te wan tɛm we rili ikɔmik ɛn pɔlitikal stebul bigin bikɔs dɛn bin de yuz guano we bin dɔn wit di Wɔ na di Pasifik (1879–1884). Insay di 20t sɛntinari, di kɔntri bin bia we pipul dɛn bin de pul di gɔvmɛnt, we pipul dɛn nɔ bin gɛt wanwɔd, ɛn di fɛt-fɛt we bin de insay di kɔntri, ɛn i bin gɛt tɛm dɛn we tin nɔ bin de chenj ɛn di mɔni bin de go bifo. Insay di 1990 dɛm, di kɔntri bin impruv wan nioliberal ikɔmik mɔdel ɔnda Albɛrto Fujimori, wit in pɔlitikal aydiɔlɔji fɔ Fujimorism we bin kɔba di gɔvmɛnt na Pɛru te to di tɛm naw tru wan kult fɔ pɔsin. As di 2000s komoditi bɔm bin de apin, Pɛru bin gɛt wan tɛm we ikɔnomi bin de gro ɔltɛm ɛn po bin de go dɔŋ. Tru di 2010 dɛm ɛn insay di 2020 dɛm, pɔlitikal kraysis ɛn di COVID-19 pandemik na Pɛru bin sho di vulnerabiliti dɛm we bin dɔn de fɔ lɔng tɛm bikɔs di neshɔn nɔ gɛt pɔlitikal wok ɛn di nɔ ebul fɔ gi soshal savis to in sitizin dɛm, wit ɔnarɛst we bigin insay 2023 we mek di pɔlitikal lida dɛm wɔri na Lima we de luk fɔ gɔvmɛnt we gɛt mɔ pawa. Di wɔd dɛn we dɛn dɔn ɛksplen bɔku bɔku wan pan di impeachment wɔd dɛn we de insay di 1993 Kɔnstityushɔn na Pɛru ɛn wan Fɛbwari 2023 ruling we di Kɔnstityushɔn Kɔt na Pɛru bin gi dɔn essentially gi Kɔngres absolyut kɔntrol pan Pɛru gɔvmɛnt. Di sovayb stet na Pɛru na ripɔt dimokrasi ripablik we dɛn sheb to 25 rijyɔn dɛn. di men ikonomik wok dεm we i de du inklud mayning, manufakchurin, agrikalchכ εn fishin, wit כda sεktri dεm we de gro lεk tεlikomyunikεshכn εn bayoteknכlכji. Di kɔntri de pat pan di Pasifik Pumas, we na wan pɔlitikal ɛn ikɔmik grup fɔ kɔntri dɛn we de nia Latin Amɛrika in Pasifik kɔst we de sheb kɔmɔn tin dɛn we de mek pipul dɛn gro fayn, stebul makro ikɔmik fawndeshɔn, impɔtant gɔvmɛnt ɛn opin fɔ di wɔl intagreshɔn. Peru de rank ay pan soshal fridɔm; i na aktif mɛmba fɔ di Eshya-Pasifik Ikɔnomik Kɔprɛshɔn, di Pasifik Alɛyshɔn, di Kɔmprɛhɛnsif ɛn Progrɛsiv Agremɛnt fɔ Trans-Pasifik Patnaship ɛn di Wɔl Tred Ɔganayzeshɔn; ɛn dɛn kin tek am as midul pawa. Peru gɛt pipul dɛn we inklud Mɛstizo, Amerindian, Yuropian, Afrikan ɛn Eshia. Di men langwej we dɛn de tɔk na Spanish, pan ɔl we bɔku pan di pipul dɛn na Pɛru de tɔk Kwishɛn langwej, Aymara, ɔ ɔda Indijɔns langwej dɛn. Dis miks we di kɔlchɔ tradishɔn dɛn miks dɔn mek dɛn de tɔk bɔku difrɛn tin dɛn pan tin dɛn lɛk art, it, buk, ɛn myuzik. [[Category:Wp/kri]] {{INTERWIKI|Q419}} 28fr774k8a2v3jyzhj18hn85wpq4zg8 0 3413126 7240601 5954793 2026-07-06T01:48:35Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Bayografi|name=Samuel Hinga Norman|date_of_birth=Janwari 1, 1940|place_of_birth=Mongeri, Siera Liɔn|date_of_death=Fɛbwari 22, 2007|place_of_death=Dakar, Senegal|profession=Pɔlitiksman}} '''Samuel Hinga Norman''' (Januari 1, 1940 – Fɛbwari 22, 2007) na bin wan Siera Liɔn pɔlitiksman we kɔmɔt na di [[Wp/kri/Mende pipuldèm|Mɛnde trayb]]. Na in na bin di wan we mek ɛn lida fɔ di Sivil Difɛns Fos, we pipul dɛn kin kɔl di Kamajors. Di Kamajors bin sɔpɔt di gɔvmɛnt fɔ [[Wp/kri/Ahmad Tejan Kabbah|Ahmad Tejan Kabbah]] agens di Rivɔlɔshɔnari Yunaytɛd Frɔnt (RUF), we [[Wp/kri/Foday Sankoh|Foday Sankoh]] bin de bifo. Na 7 Mach 2003, di Spɛshal Kɔt fɔ Siera Liɔn bin kɔndɛm Hinga Nɔman fɔ wɔ kraym ɛn kraym agens mɔtalman. I day 22 Fɛbwari 2007 na Daka, Sɛnegal we i bin de du mɛrɛsin. [[Category:Wp/kri]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2218369}} 928sxez3hrulkuqavotl93ku7wd5l03 0 3413525 7240169 5954752 2026-07-05T13:15:18Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Kɔntri|Name=Chad|Flag=Flag of Chad.svg|COA=Coat of arms of Chad.svg|Location=Location Chad AU Africa.svg|Moto="Unité, Travail, Progrès" (Frɛnch) "Yunati, Wok, Prɔgrɛs"|Antɛm="La Tchadienne"|Kapital=N'Djamena|Offistɔk=[[Wp/kri/Frɛnch|Frɛnch]] Arabik|Area=1,280,000|Pipuldɛm=19,093,595|Dɛnsiti=14.4/sqkm|Gɔvment=Prɛsidɛnt ripablik|Lida=Mahamat Déby}} '''Chad''', ɔfishal wan na di '''Ripɔblik fɔ Chad''', na kɔntri we nɔ gɛt land we de na di say we Nɔt ɛn Sɛntral Afrika krɔs. I gɛt bɔda wit [[Wp/kri/Libya|Libya]] na di nɔt, [[Wp/kri/Sudan|Sudan]] na di ist, di [[Wp/kri/Sɛntral Afrika Ripɔblik|Sɛntral Afrika Ripɔblik]] na di sawt, [[Wp/kri/Kamerun|Kamɛrun]] na di sawt-wɛst, [[Wp/kri/Nayjiria|Nayjiria]] na di sawt-wɛst (na Lek Chad), ɛn Nayja na di wɛst. Chad gɛt 19 milyɔn pipul dɛn, ɛn 1.6 milyɔn pan dɛn de liv na di kapital siti ɛn di big siti we nem N’Djamena. Wit wan totɛl eria we na arawnd 1,300,000 km² (500,000 sq mi), Chad na di nɔmba fayv kɔntri na Afrika ɛn di nɔmba twɛnti big neshɔn bay eria. Chad gɛt bɔku rijyɔn dɛn: wan dɛzat zon na di nɔt, wan dray Sahelian bɛlt na di sɛnt ɛn wan mɔ fɛti Sudanian Savanna zon na di sawt. Lek Chad, we dɛn gi di kɔntri in nem, na di sɛkɔn big wetland na Afrika. Di ɔfishal langwej dɛn we Chad de tɔk na [[Wp/kri/Arabiktòk|Arabik]] ɛn [[Wp/kri/Frɛnch|Frɛnch]]. I pas 200 difrɛn etnik grup dɛn ɛn difrɛn langwej dɛn. [[Wp/kri/Islam|Islam]] (55.1%) ɛn [[Wp/kri/Kristianiti|Kristianiti]] (41.1%) na di men rilijɔn dɛm we dɛn de du na Chad. Frɔm di 7th mileniɔm BCE, mɔtalman pipul dɛn bin muf go na di Chadian bɛsin insay bɔku bɔku wan. Bay di ɛnd ɔf di 1st mileniɔm CE, wan siriɔs stet ɛn ɛmpaya bin dɔn rayz ɛn fɔdɔm na Chad in Sahelian strip, ɛvri wan bin de pe atɛnshɔn fɔ kɔntrol di trans-Sahara tred rod dɛn we bin de pas na di rijyɔn. Frans bin win di eria bay 1920 ɛn i bin put am as pat pan Frɛnch Ikwetorial Afrika. Insay 1960, Chad bin gɛt in indipɛndɛns ɔnda di lidaship fɔ François Tombalbaye. Di vɛks we dɛn bin gɛt pan in polisi dɛn na di Muslim nɔt bin mek wan sivil wɔ we bin de fɔ lɔng tɛm bigin insay 1965. Insay 1979, di ribel dɛn bin win di kapital ɛn dɛn bin dɔn di Sawt in hegemoni. Dɔn di ribel kɔmanda dɛn bin fɛt dɛnsɛf te Hissène Habré win in rival dɛn. Di Chadian–Libya kɔnflikt bin bigin insay 1978 bay di Libya invayshɔn we bin stɔp insay 1987 wit wan Frɛnch sojaman intavɛnshɔn (Operation Épervier). Hissène Habré bin pul in turn insay 1990 bay in jenɛral Idriss Déby. Wit Frɛnch sɔpɔt, dɛn bigin fɔ mek di Chad Nashɔnal Ami mɔdan insay 1991. Frɔm 2003, di Darfur kraysis na Sudan bin skata oba di bɔda ɛn mek di neshɔn nɔ gɛt wanwɔd. Di neshɔn ɛn pipul dɛn bin dɔn ɔlrɛdi po, dɛn bin de tray tranga wan fɔ gɛt di bɔku bɔku Sudan rɛfyuji dɛn we de na ɛn rawnd kamp dɛn na di ist pat na Chad. Wail bɔku politikal pati dɛn bin tek pat pan Chad in lijislɛshɔn, di Nashɔnal Asɛmbli, pawa bin de tranga wan na di an fɔ di Patriotic Salvation Movement di tɛm we Idriss Déby bin de bi prɛsidɛnt, we dɛn bin de tɔk bɔt in rul as ɔtoritarian. Afta we FACT ribel dɛn kil Prɛsidɛnt Déby insay Epril 2021, di Transishɔnal Militari Kaɔnsil we in bɔy pikin Mahamat Déby bin de lid bin tek kɔntrol pan di gɔvmɛnt ɛn dɛn bin disɔl di Asɛmbli. Chad stil de sɔfa wit pɔlitikal vaylɛns ɛn pipul dɛn we de tray fɔ pul di gɔvmɛnt bak ɔltɛm. Chad de na di nɔmba 2 ples we smɔl pas ɔl na di Human Development Index, wit 0.394 insay 2021 we dɛn put na di nɔmba 190 ples, ɛn wan kɔntri we nɔ divɛlɔp bɛtɛ de fes di ifɛkt fɔ bi wan pan di kɔntri dɛn we po ɛn kɔrɔpt pas ɔl na di wɔl. Bɔku pan di pipul dɛn we de de de liv po as pipul dɛn we de mɛn animal dɛn ɛn fama dɛn fɔ liv. Frɔm 2003, krud ɔyl dɔn bi di kɔntri in praymar sɔs fɔ ɛkspɔt mɔni, we pas di tradishɔnal kɔtɔn industri. Chad nɔ gɛt gud pipul rayt rɛkɔd, wit di bad bad tin dɛn we dɛn kin du bɔku tɛm lɛk fɔ put pɔsin na jel we i want, fɔ kil pɔsin we nɔ de na di jɔjmɛnt, ɛn fɔ stɔp di sivil fridɔm we di sikyɔriti fɔs ɛn di sojaman dɛn we gɛt wɛpɔn de gi. [[Category:Wp/kri]] [[Category:Wp/kri/Afrika]] 27y3l6no4xwuo2ncuibllt953c1g447 0 3417750 7240132 6633408 2026-07-05T12:28:44Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Bayografi|name=Quang Lê|image=Quang Lê.png|caption=Quang Lê na ia 2024|date_of_birth=Janwari 24, 1979|place_of_birth=Huế, [[Wp/kri/Vietnam|Vietnam]]|profession=Siŋman}} '''Quang Lê''' (bɔn 24 Janwari 1979) na wan pan di Vietnamese-Amɛrikan rikodin atis dɛm we de sɛl pas ɔl, we pipul sabi fɔ in yon kɔva dɛm fɔ bɔku tradishɔnal Vietnamese siŋ dɛm we dɛn mek ɛn rayt bifo, di tɛm ɛn bɔt di Vietnam Wɔ. Quang Lê dɔn bi wan os nem insay di Vietnamese myuzik industri ɔlsay na di wɔl, frɔm Amɛrika, to Kanada, to Frans, to Yunaytɛd Kiŋdɔm, to Jamani, to di Chɛk Ripɔblik, to Ɔstrelia ɛn bak na os na Vietnam. Quang Lê bin ajɔst sakses we i bin yɔŋ, wit hit dɛn lɛk “Sương Miền Quê Ngoại”, “Đập Vỡ Cây Đàn”, “Đường Về Quê Hương” ɛn “Tương Tư Nàng Ca Sĩ”. Bɔku pipul dɛn we sabi rayt siŋ na Vietnam, lɛk Đinh Miên Vũ, dɛnsɛf kin rayt siŋ fɔ Quang Lê fɔ ple na di Thúy Nga Paris By Night stej. [[Category:Wp/kri]] hrt6riq8sjpo9oxtnzp1hmd8ck642rc 0 3418975 7240655 6093496 2026-07-06T05:25:32Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Tòk|tòk=Jaman Deutsch|kòntri=Jamani, Swizaland, Ɔstria, Lichtenstayn, Laksambɔg, Bɛljiɔm|iso1=de|iso2=ger deu|iso3=deu}} Jaman (Dɔysh, we dɛn kin kɔl [dɔʏtʃ] (lisin)), ɔ fɔ tɔk mɔ bɔt Ay Jaman, na Wɛst Jaman langwej we dɛn kin tɔk mɔ na Wɛstin Yurop ɛn Sɛntral Yurop. Na di langwej we bɔku pipul dɛn de tɔk ɛn ɔfishal ɔ kɔ-ɔfishal langwej na [[Wp/kri/Jemani|Jamani]], [[Wp/kri/Ɔstria|Ɔstria]], Swizaland, Lichtenstein, ɛn di [[Wp/kri/Italy|Itali]] provins we nem Sawt Tayrol. Na kɔ-ɔfishal langwej bak na [[Wp/kri/Luksemburg|Laksambɔg]] ɛn [[Wp/kri/Beljum|Bɛljiɔm]], ɛn na nashɔnal langwej we dɛn no na [[Wp/kri/Namibiya|Namibia]]. Apat frɔm Jamani, na Jamani kɔmyuniti dɛn bak na [[Wp/kri/Frans|Frans]] (Bas-Rhin), [[Wp/kri/Chɛk Ripɔblik|Chɛk Ripɔblik]] (Nɔt Bohemia), [[Wp/kri/Poland|Poland]] (Ɔpa Silesia), [[Wp/kri/Slovakia|Slovakia]] (Bratislava Rijɔn), ɛn [[Wp/kri/Hungary|Huŋgary]] (Sopron). Jaman langwej tan lɛk ɔda langwej dɛn we de insay di Wɛst Jaman langwej branch, lɛk [[Wp/kri/Afrikaanstòk|Afrikaans]], Dɔch, [[Wp/kri/Inglish|Inglish]], di Frisian langwej dɛn, Lɔ Jaman, Laksambɔg, Skɔt, ɛn [[Wp/kri/Yiddish langwej|Yiddish]]. I gɛt bak di wɔd dɛn we fiba sɔm langwej dɛn we de na di Nɔt Jaman grup, lɛk Danish, Nɔwe, ɛn Swidish. Jaman na di sɛkɔn Jaman langwej we pipul dɛn de tɔk pas ɔl afta Inglish, we na Wɛst Jaman langwej bak. Jaman na wan pan di men langwej dɛn na di wɔl. Na di langwej we dɛn de tɔk pas ɔlman insay di Yuropian Yuniɔn. Bɔku pipul dɛn de tich Jaman langwej bak as fɔrina langwej, mɔ na kɔntinɛntal Yurop, usay na di tɔd fɔrin langwej we dɛn de tich pas ɔl (afta Inglish ɛn [[Wp/kri/Frɛnch|Frɛnch]]), ɛn Amɛrika. Di langwej dɔn rili ɛp pipul dɛn we gɛt sɛns, tioloji, sayɛns, ɛn tɛknɔlɔji. Na di sɛkɔn langwej we pipul dɛn kin yuz fɔ tɔk bɔt sayɛns ɛn i de pan di langwej dɛn we pipul dɛn kin yuz pas ɔl na wɛbsayt dɛn. Di kɔntri dɛn we de tɔk Jaman de na di nɔmba fayv ples we dɛn de pul nyu buk dɛn ɛvri ia, ɛn wan pat pan tɛn pan ɔl di buk dɛn (inklud di e-buk dɛn) na di wɔl we dɛn de pul insay Jaman. Jaman na langwej we dɛn kin chenj, wit 4 kes fɔ nɔun, pronɔm, ɛn adjektif (nominativ, akusativ, jenitiv, dativ); tri jɛnɛral (man, uman, nyut); ɛn tu nɔmba dɛn (singul, plɛnti). I gɛt strɔng ɛn wik verb dɛn. Bɔku pan in wɔd dɛn kɔmɔt frɔm di ol Jaman branch na di Indo-Yuropian langwej famili, we smɔl pat pan am kɔmɔt frɔm Latin ɛn Grik, wit smɔl wɔd dɛn we dɛn borrow frɔm Frɛnch ɛn Mɔdan Inglish. Jaman na langwej we de tɔk bɔku pipul dɛn; di tri standad we dɛn kin yuz na Jamani, Ɔstrian, ɛn Swis Stɛndad Ay Jaman. I notis bak fɔ in bɔku bɔku langwej dɛn, wit bɔku difrɛn difrɛn langwej dɛn we de na Yurop ɛn ɔda pat dɛn na di wɔl. Sɔm pan dɛn nɔ-standad vayriet ya dɔn bi pipul dɛn we di rijinal ɔ nashɔnal gɔvmɛnt dɛn dɔn no ɛn protɛkt dɛn. Frɔm 2004, di edman dɛm fɔ di kɔntri dɛm we de tɔk Jamani dɔn de mit ɛvri ia ɛn di Kaɔnsil fɔ Jaman Ɔtografi na di men intanashɔnal bɔdi we de rigul Jaman ɔtograf. [[Category:Wp/kri]] 2s99badxvohazz4xn1hneu4jljh22wp 828 3419974 7240187 7233542 2026-07-05T13:38:13Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240187 Scribunto text/plain -- This is a meta-module for producing message box templates, including -- {{Wt/rki/mbox}}, {{Wt/rki/ambox}}, {{Wt/rki/imbox}}, {{Wt/rki/tmbox}}, {{Wt/rki/ombox}}, {{Wt/rki/cmbox}} and {{Wt/rki/fmbox}}. -- Load necessary modules. require('strict') local getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Wt/rki/Yesno') -- Get a language object for formatDate and ucfirst. local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() -- Define constants local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Wp/rki/Message box/configuration' local DEMOSPACES = {talk = 'tmbox', image = 'imbox', file = 'imbox', category = 'cmbox', article = 'ambox', main = 'ambox'} local TEMPLATE_STYLES = 'Module:Wt/rki/Message box/%s.css' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function getTitleObject(...) -- Get the title object, passing the function through pcall -- in case we are over the expensive function count limit. local success, title = pcall(mw.title.new, ...) if success then return title end end local function union(t1, t2) -- Returns the union of two arrays. local vals = {} for i, v in ipairs(t1) do vals[v] = true end for i, v in ipairs(t2) do vals[v] = true end local ret = {} for k in pairs(vals) do table.insert(ret, k) end table.sort(ret) return ret end local function getArgNums(args, prefix) local nums = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)$') if num then table.insert(nums, tonumber(num)) end end table.sort(nums) return nums end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Box class definition -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local MessageBox = {} MessageBox.__index = MessageBox function MessageBox.new(boxType, args, cfg) args = args or {} local obj = {} obj.boxType = boxType -- Set the title object and the namespace. obj.title = getTitleObject(args.page) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Set the config for our box type. obj.cfg = cfg[boxType] if not obj.cfg then local ns = obj.title.namespace -- boxType is "mbox" or invalid input if args.demospace and args.demospace ~= '' then -- implement demospace parameter of mbox local demospace = string.lower(args.demospace) if DEMOSPACES[demospace] then -- use template from DEMOSPACES obj.cfg = cfg[DEMOSPACES[demospace]] obj.boxType = DEMOSPACES[demospace] elseif string.find( demospace, 'talk' ) then -- demo as a talk page obj.cfg = cfg.tmbox obj.boxType = 'tmbox' else -- default to ombox obj.cfg = cfg.ombox obj.boxType = 'ombox' end elseif ns == 0 then obj.cfg = cfg.ambox -- main namespace obj.boxType = 'ambox' elseif ns == 6 then obj.cfg = cfg.imbox -- file namespace obj.boxType = 'imbox' elseif ns == 14 then obj.cfg = cfg.cmbox -- category namespace obj.boxType = 'cmbox' else local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[ns] if nsTable and nsTable.isTalk then obj.cfg = cfg.tmbox -- any talk namespace obj.boxType = 'tmbox' else obj.cfg = cfg.ombox -- other namespaces or invalid input obj.boxType = 'ombox' end end end -- Set the arguments, and remove all blank arguments except for the ones -- listed in cfg.allowBlankParams. do local newArgs = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if v ~= '' then newArgs[k] = v end end for i, param in ipairs(obj.cfg.allowBlankParams or {}) do newArgs[param] = args[param] end obj.args = newArgs end -- Define internal data structure. obj.categories = {} obj.classes = {} -- For lazy loading of [[Module:Wt/rki/Category handler]]. obj.hasCategories = false return setmetatable(obj, MessageBox) end function MessageBox:addCat(ns, cat, sort) if not cat then return nil end if sort then cat = string.format('[[Category:%s|%s]]', cat, sort) else cat = string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat) end self.hasCategories = true self.categories[ns] = self.categories[ns] or {} table.insert(self.categories[ns], cat) end function MessageBox:addClass(class) if not class then return nil end self.classes[class] = 1 end function MessageBox:removeClass(class) if not class then return nil end self.classes[class] = nil end function MessageBox:setParameters() local args = self.args local cfg = self.cfg -- Get type data. self.type = args.type local typeData = cfg.types[self.type] self.invalidTypeError = cfg.showInvalidTypeError and self.type and not typeData typeData = typeData or cfg.types[cfg.default] self.typeClass = typeData.class self.typeImage = typeData.image -- Find if the box has been wrongly substituted. self.isSubstituted = cfg.substCheck and args.subst == 'SUBST' -- Find whether we are using a small message box. self.isSmall = cfg.allowSmall and ( cfg.smallParam and args.small == cfg.smallParam or not cfg.smallParam and yesno(args.small) ) -- Add attributes, classes and styles. self.id = args.id self.name = args.name for _, class in ipairs(cfg.classes or {}) do self:addClass(class) end if self.name then self:addClass('box-' .. string.gsub(self.name,' ','_')) end local plainlinks = yesno(args.plainlinks) if plainlinks == true then self:addClass('plainlinks') elseif plainlinks == false then self:removeClass('plainlinks') end if self.isSmall then self:addClass(cfg.smallClass or 'mbox-small') end self:addClass(self.typeClass) self:addClass(args.class) self.style = args.style self.attrs = args.attrs -- Set text style. self.textstyle = args.textstyle -- Find if we are on the template page or not. This functionality is only -- used if useCollapsibleTextFields is set, or if both cfg.templateCategory -- and cfg.templateCategoryRequireName are set. self.useCollapsibleTextFields = cfg.useCollapsibleTextFields if self.useCollapsibleTextFields or cfg.templateCategory and cfg.templateCategoryRequireName then if self.name then local templateName = mw.ustring.match( self.name, '^[tT][eE][mM][pP][lL][aA][tT][eE][%s_]*:[%s_]*(.*)$' ) or self.name templateName = 'Template:' .. templateName self.templateTitle = getTitleObject(templateName) end self.isTemplatePage = self.templateTitle and mw.title.equals(self.title, self.templateTitle) end -- Process data for collapsible text fields. At the moment these are only -- used in {{Wt/rki/ambox}}. if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then -- Get the self.issue value. if self.isSmall and args.smalltext then self.issue = args.smalltext else local sect if args.sect == '' then sect = 'This ' .. (cfg.sectionDefault or 'page') elseif type(args.sect) == 'string' then sect = 'This ' .. args.sect end local issue = args.issue issue = type(issue) == 'string' and issue ~= '' and issue or nil local text = args.text text = type(text) == 'string' and text or nil local issues = {} table.insert(issues, sect) table.insert(issues, issue) table.insert(issues, text) self.issue = table.concat(issues, ' ') end -- Get the self.talk value. local talk = args.talk -- Show talk links on the template page or template subpages if the talk -- parameter is blank. if talk == '' and self.templateTitle and ( mw.title.equals(self.templateTitle, self.title) or self.title:isSubpageOf(self.templateTitle) ) then talk = '#' elseif talk == '' then talk = nil end if talk then -- If the talk value is a talk page, make a link to that page. Else -- assume that it's a section heading, and make a link to the talk -- page of the current page with that section heading. local talkTitle = getTitleObject(talk) local talkArgIsTalkPage = true if not talkTitle or not talkTitle.isTalkPage then talkArgIsTalkPage = false talkTitle = getTitleObject( self.title.text, mw.site.namespaces[self.title.namespace].talk.id ) end if talkTitle and talkTitle.exists then local talkText = 'Relevant discussion may be found on' if talkArgIsTalkPage then talkText = string.format( '%s [[%s|%s]].', talkText, talk, talkTitle.prefixedText ) else talkText = string.format( '%s the [[%s#%s|talk page]].', talkText, talkTitle.prefixedText, talk ) end self.talk = talkText end end -- Get other values. self.fix = args.fix ~= '' and args.fix or nil local date if args.date and args.date ~= '' then date = args.date elseif args.date == '' and self.isTemplatePage then date = lang:formatDate('F Y') end if date then self.date = string.format(" <small class='date-container'>''(<span class='date'>%s</span>)''</small>", date) end self.info = args.info if yesno(args.removalnotice) then self.removalNotice = cfg.removalNotice end end -- Set the non-collapsible text field. At the moment this is used by all box -- types other than ambox, and also by ambox when small=yes. if self.isSmall then self.text = args.smalltext or args.text else self.text = args.text end -- Set the below row. self.below = cfg.below and args.below -- General image settings. self.imageCellDiv = not self.isSmall and cfg.imageCellDiv self.imageEmptyCell = cfg.imageEmptyCell if cfg.imageEmptyCellStyle then self.imageEmptyCellStyle = 'border:none;padding:0px;width:1px' end -- Left image settings. local imageLeft = self.isSmall and args.smallimage or args.image if cfg.imageCheckBlank and imageLeft ~= 'blank' and imageLeft ~= 'none' or not cfg.imageCheckBlank and imageLeft ~= 'none' then self.imageLeft = imageLeft if not imageLeft then local imageSize = self.isSmall and (cfg.imageSmallSize or '30x30px') or '40x40px' self.imageLeft = string.format('[[File:%s|%s|link=|alt=]]', self.typeImage or 'Imbox notice.png', imageSize) end end -- Right image settings. local imageRight = self.isSmall and args.smallimageright or args.imageright if not (cfg.imageRightNone and imageRight == 'none') then self.imageRight = imageRight end end function MessageBox:setMainspaceCategories() local args = self.args local cfg = self.cfg if not cfg.allowMainspaceCategories then return nil end local nums = {} for _, prefix in ipairs{'cat', 'category', 'all'} do args[prefix .. '1'] = args[prefix] nums = union(nums, getArgNums(args, prefix)) end -- The following is roughly equivalent to the old {{Wt/rki/Ambox/category}}. local date = args.date date = type(date) == 'string' and date local preposition = 'from' for _, num in ipairs(nums) do local mainCat = args['cat' .. tostring(num)] or args['category' .. tostring(num)] local allCat = args['all' .. tostring(num)] mainCat = type(mainCat) == 'string' and mainCat allCat = type(allCat) == 'string' and allCat if mainCat and date and date ~= '' then local catTitle = string.format('%s %s %s', mainCat, preposition, date) self:addCat(0, catTitle) catTitle = getTitleObject('Category:' .. catTitle) if not catTitle or not catTitle.exists then self:addCat(0, 'Articles with invalid date parameter in template') end elseif mainCat and (not date or date == '') then self:addCat(0, mainCat) end if allCat then self:addCat(0, allCat) end end end function MessageBox:setTemplateCategories() local args = self.args local cfg = self.cfg -- Add template categories. if cfg.templateCategory then if cfg.templateCategoryRequireName then if self.isTemplatePage then self:addCat(10, cfg.templateCategory) end elseif not self.title.isSubpage then self:addCat(10, cfg.templateCategory) end end -- Add template error categories. if cfg.templateErrorCategory then local templateErrorCategory = cfg.templateErrorCategory local templateCat, templateSort if not self.name and not self.title.isSubpage then templateCat = templateErrorCategory elseif self.isTemplatePage then local paramsToCheck = cfg.templateErrorParamsToCheck or {} local count = 0 for i, param in ipairs(paramsToCheck) do if not args[param] then count = count + 1 end end if count > 0 then templateCat = templateErrorCategory templateSort = tostring(count) end if self.categoryNums and #self.categoryNums > 0 then templateCat = templateErrorCategory templateSort = 'C' end end self:addCat(10, templateCat, templateSort) end end function MessageBox:setAllNamespaceCategories() -- Set categories for all namespaces. if self.isSubstituted then self:addCat('all', 'Pages with incorrectly substituted templates') end end function MessageBox:setCategories() if self.title.namespace == 0 then self:setMainspaceCategories() elseif self.title.namespace == 10 then self:setTemplateCategories() end self:setAllNamespaceCategories() end function MessageBox:renderCategories() if not self.hasCategories then -- No categories added, no need to pass them to Category handler so, -- if it was invoked, it would return the empty string. -- So we shortcut and return the empty string. return "" end -- Convert category tables to strings and pass them through -- [[Module:Wt/rki/Category handler]]. return require('Module:Wt/rki/Category handler')._main{ main = table.concat(self.categories[0] or {}), template = table.concat(self.categories[10] or {}), all = table.concat(self.categories.all or {}), nocat = self.args.nocat, page = self.args.page } end function MessageBox:export() local root = mw.html.create() -- Add the subst check error. if self.isSubstituted and self.name then root:tag('b') :addClass('error') :wikitext(string.format( 'Template <code>%s[[Template:%s|%s]]%s</code> has been incorrectly substituted.', mw.text.nowiki('{{'), self.name, self.name, mw.text.nowiki('}}') )) end -- Add TemplateStyles root:wikitext(mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = TEMPLATE_STYLES:format(self.boxType) }, }) -- Create the box table. local boxTable -- Check for fmbox because not all interface messages have mw-parser-output -- which is necessary for TemplateStyles. Add the wrapper class if it is and -- then start the actual mbox, else start the mbox. if self.boxType == 'fmbox' then boxTable = root:tag('div') :addClass('mw-parser-output') :tag('table') else boxTable = root:tag('table') end boxTable:attr('id', self.id or nil) for class, _ in pairs(self.classes or {}) do boxTable:addClass(class or nil) end boxTable :cssText(self.style or nil) :attr('role', 'presentation') if self.attrs then boxTable:attr(self.attrs) end -- Add the left-hand image. local row = boxTable:tag('tr') if self.imageLeft then local imageLeftCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-image') if self.imageCellDiv then -- If we are using a div, redefine imageLeftCell so that the image -- is inside it. Divs use style="width: 52px;", which limits the -- image width to 52px. If any images in a div are wider than that, -- they may overlap with the text or cause other display problems. imageLeftCell = imageLeftCell:tag('div'):css('width', '52px') end imageLeftCell:wikitext(self.imageLeft or nil) elseif self.imageEmptyCell then -- Some message boxes define an empty cell if no image is specified, and -- some don't. The old template code in templates where empty cells are -- specified gives the following hint: "No image. Cell with some width -- or padding necessary for text cell to have 100% width." row:tag('td') :addClass('mbox-empty-cell') :cssText(self.imageEmptyCellStyle or nil) end -- Add the text. local textCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-text') if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then -- The message box uses advanced text parameters that allow things to be -- collapsible. At the moment, only ambox uses this. textCell:cssText(self.textstyle or nil) local textCellDiv = textCell:tag('div') textCellDiv :addClass('mbox-text-span') :wikitext(self.issue or nil) if (self.talk or self.fix) and not self.isSmall then textCellDiv:tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :wikitext(self.talk and (' ' .. self.talk) or nil) :wikitext(self.fix and (' ' .. self.fix) or nil) end textCellDiv:wikitext(self.date and (' ' .. self.date) or nil) if self.info and not self.isSmall then textCellDiv :tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :wikitext(self.info and (' ' .. self.info) or nil) end if self.removalNotice then textCellDiv:tag('small') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :tag('i') :wikitext(string.format(" (%s)", self.removalNotice)) end else -- Default text formatting - anything goes. textCell :cssText(self.textstyle or nil) :wikitext(self.text or nil) end -- Add the right-hand image. if self.imageRight then local imageRightCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-imageright') if self.imageCellDiv then -- If we are using a div, redefine imageRightCell so that the image -- is inside it. imageRightCell = imageRightCell:tag('div'):css('width', '52px') end imageRightCell :wikitext(self.imageRight or nil) end -- Add the below row. if self.below then boxTable:tag('tr') :tag('td') :attr('colspan', self.imageRight and '3' or '2') :addClass('mbox-text') :cssText(self.textstyle or nil) :wikitext(self.below or nil) end -- Add error message for invalid type parameters. if self.invalidTypeError then root:tag('div') :css('text-align', 'center') :wikitext(string.format( 'This message box is using an invalid "type=%s" parameter and needs fixing.', self.type or '' )) end -- Add categories. root:wikitext(self:renderCategories() or nil) return tostring(root) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p, mt = {}, {} function p._exportClasses() -- For testing. return { MessageBox = MessageBox } end function p.main(boxType, args, cfgTables) local box = MessageBox.new(boxType, args, cfgTables or mw.loadData(CONFIG_MODULE)) box:setParameters() box:setCategories() return box:export() end function mt.__index(t, k) return function (frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Wt/rki/Arguments').getArgs end return t.main(k, getArgs(frame, {trim = false, removeBlanks = false})) end end return setmetatable(p, mt) r1x0lhb127oi06vdlqo3fnxw3xk30ro 3 3478382 7240156 6235595 2026-07-05T12:49:53Z Ternarius 98653 Ternarius moved page [[User talk:Vuxire]] to [[User talk:Renamed user 0baa3702e0f07da9325c805bf0df3d24]] without leaving a redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Vuxire|Vuxire]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 0baa3702e0f07da9325c805bf0df3d24|Renamed user 0baa3702e0f07da9325c805bf0df3d24]]" 6235595 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 20:07, 23 February 2024 (UTC) a4lz1epjz0bsvlaa370k3jteq4ic85d 0 3480981 7240682 6246479 2026-07-06T06:44:57Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240682 wikitext text/x-wiki Di domɛyn '''com''' na wan tɔp-lɛvɛl domɛyn (TLD) we de na di [[Wp/kri/Domɛyn Nem Sistɛm|Domɛyn Nem Sistɛm]] (DNS) na di [[Wp/kri/Intanɛt|Intanɛt]]. Dɛn mek am na di fɔs grup fɔ intanɛt domɛyn dɛn na di biginin fɔ 1985, in nem kɔmɔt frɔm di Inglish wɔd ''commercial'' (kɔmɛshɔnal), we de sho in ɔrijinal intended purpose fɔ sabdomɛyn dɛn we kɔmɛshɔnal ɔganayzeshɔn dɛn dɔn rɛjista. Leta, di domɛyn bin opin fɔ jenɛral tin dɛn. Di domɛyn na di Amɛrika Dipatmɛnt fɔ Difɛns bin de administret am fɔs, bɔt tide na Verisign de ɔpres am, ɛn i stil de ɔnda di ɔltimat jɔrisdikshɔn fɔ di U.S. lɔ. Di .com domɛyn na in bak dɛn kin yuz mɔ pas di mɔ spɛshal .us bay Amɛrikan biznɛs ɛn ɛntapraiz dɛn. Verisign rɛjista dɛn na di .com domɛyn dɛn de prosɛs bay rɛjista dɛn we ICANN dɔn akredit. Di rɛjista de aksept intanashɔnalayz domɛyn nem dɛn. Di domɛyn na bin wan pan di ɔrijinal TLD dɛn na di Intanɛt we dɛn bin impruv di Domɛyn Nem Sistɛm insay Janwari 1985, di ɔda wan dɛn na edu, gov, mil, net, org, ɛn int. I dɔn gro to di big wan pan di tɔp-lɛvɛl domɛyn, ɛn i dɔn lɛnt in nem to di dot-kɔm bɔbul, di tɛm we bin de let 1990s we di tɛm we dɛn bin de tɔk pasmak pan kɔnsɛpt ɛn kɔmni dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit Intanɛt bin mek di yus gro kwik kwik wan ɛn fɔ yuz di Intanɛt. Bay 2001 i bin mek wan stok makit bɔbul ɛn krash pan kɔmni valyueshɔn ɛn stok prayz. [[Category:Wp/kri]] tehscifsr1vxjclmldptxnr6s9uc8bd 0 3481025 7240117 6246624 2026-07-05T12:07:09Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Tòk|tòk=!Kung|kòntri=Namibia, Angola, Bɔtswana, Saut Afrika}} '''ǃKung''', we dɛn kin kɔl bak '''Ju''', na wan dayalɛkt kɔntinyu (langwej kɔmpleks) we di ǃKung pipul dɛn kin tɔk na [[Wp/kri/Namibiya|Namibia]], Bɔtswana, ɛn [[Wp/kri/Angola|Angola]], we mek tu ɔ tri langwej dɛn. Tugeda wit di ǂʼAmkoe langwej, ǃKung de fom di Kxʼa langwej famili. ǃKung bin mek wan pan di branch dɛm fɔ di putativ Khoisan langwej famili, ɛn dɛn bin kɔl am Nɔtan Khoisan insay da sɛnɛriɔ de, bɔt dɛn nɔ ɛva sho di wanwɔd we Khoisan gɛt ɛn naw dɛn de tek am as lay lay tɔk. Bɔt pan ɔl dat, dɛn dɔn kip di anthropɔlɔjik wɔd "Khoisan" as ambɔla wɔd fɔ klik langwej dɛn injɔnal. ǃKung na famɔs fɔ in bɔku klik dɛn, lɛk di ǃ insay in nem, ɛn i gɛt sɔm pan di kɔmpleks invɛntari dɛn fɔ ɔl tu di kɔnsonant ɛn vaybul dɛn na di wɔl. I gɛt bak tɔyn ɛn nos. Fɔ no mɔ, luk [[Wp/kri/Juǀʼhoan langwej|Juǀʼhoan]]. Fɔ kɔl ''ǃXuun'' (dɛn kin kɔl am [ǃ͡χũː˦˥] na Wɛstin ǃKung/ǃXuun) pɔsin kin mek klik sawnd bifo di ''x'' sawnd (we tan lɛk Skɔtish ɔ Jaman ch), dɔn i kin mek wan lɔng nos ''u'' vaybul we gɛt ay rising tɔyn. [[Category:Wp/kri]] [[Category:Wp/kri/Langwej]] 1emivjxe3yhtsitf2u1km97qxoa1elg 0 3482316 7240209 6251375 2026-07-05T13:56:54Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Panagrolaimus kolymaensis''' na wan species nematod. Dɛn gi di spisis in nem frɔm di Kolyma Riva na [[Wp/kri/Russia|Rɔshia]], usay dɛn fɛn di fɔs tu spɛshal wan dɛn. Insay 2023, dεn ripot se di nematod dεm fכ di ''Panagrolaimus kolymaensis'' we dεn nכ bin dεskrεb bifo dεn bin rεviv afta 46,000 ia insay kriptobiosis. Bɔt bɔku sayɛnsman dɛn bin sho se dɛn nɔ biliv se di ej analisis fɔ dɛn wom ya kɔrɛkt. Faylojεnik analisis εn jεnom kכmpεreshכn wit ''C. elegans'' sho se di spεshal dεm sheb mεkanism fכ kriptobaytik sכvayv. [[Category:Wp/kri]] ebbuhp2pc0nhilsik6sffj5p40xi5it 0 3482340 7240681 6251445 2026-07-06T06:40:06Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240681 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rhea handing a swaddled stone to Cronus, Attic terracotta pelike, c. 460–450 BC, Met 06.1021.144.jpg (cropped).jpg|thumb|5th sɛntinari BC vase we gɛt Cronus]] Insay di Ol Grik rilijɔn ɛn lay lay stori dɛn, '''Cronus''', '''Cronos''', ɔ '''Kronos''' (frɔm Ol Grik: Κρόνος, Krónos) na bin di lida ɛn yɔŋ pas ɔlman pan di fɔs jɛnɛreshɔn we dɛn kɔl Taytans, we na di wan dɛn we kɔmɔt frɔm Gɔd we kɔmɔt frɔm di fɔstɛm Gaia (Mama Di wɔl) ɛn Yuranɔs (Papa Skay). I bin pul in papa ɛn rul insay di Goldɛn Ij we dɛn bin de tɔk bɔt, te in yon bɔy pikin Zus pul am ɛn put am na jel na Tatar. Bɔt Plɛtɔ bin tɔk se di gɔd dɛn we nem Fɔsis, Cronus, ɛn Ria na bin di big pikin dɛn fɔ Oshɛnɔs ɛn Tɛtis. Dɛn bin de pikchɔ Cronus wit ap, skata ɔ sik, we na di inschrumɛnt we i bin de yuz fɔ kɔt ɛn pul Yuranɔs, we na in papa, kɔmɔt. Insay Atɛns, di de we mek twɛlv insay di Atik mɔnt we dɛn kɔl Ɛkatɔmbayɔn, dɛn bin gɛt wan fɛstival we dɛn kɔl Kronia fɔ ɔnɔ Krɔs fɔ sɛlibret di avɛst, we sho se, bikɔs ɔf in padi biznɛs wit di gud Golden Ɛj, Cronus kɔntinyu fɔ bi di prɛsidɛnt as a pɔsin we de sɔpɔt di avɛst. Dɛn bin no bak se Cronus na di Roman gɔd we nem Satɔn insay di klas trade trade. [[Category:Wp/kri]] 3s3mf1em414r99o0glomep0tppod932 0 3482454 7240610 6251941 2026-07-06T02:52:57Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240610 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png|thumb|Ingenuity]] '''Ingenuity''', we dɛn kɔl Ginny, na wan ɔtonamɛnt NASA ɛlikopta we bin de wok na Mas frɔm 2021 to 2024 as pat pan di [[Wp/kri/Mars 2020|Mas 2020]] mishɔn. Ingenuity bin mek in fɔs flay pan Epril 19, 2021, we sho se flay pɔsibul na di atmosfɛs we rili tan na Mas, ɛn i bi di fɔs plen fɔ kɔndɔkt pawa ɛn kɔntrol ɛkstra-tɛritri flay. Na NASA in Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) bin disayn am we dɛn wok wit AeroVironment, NASA in Ames Risach Senta ɛn Langley Risach Senta wit sɔm komponent dɛn we Lockheed Martin Space, Qualcomm, ɛn SolAero bin gi am. Dɛn bin kɛr Ingenuity go na Mas pan Fɛbwari 18, 2021, we dɛn tay am ɔnda di Perseverance rova, we bin land na Octavia E. Butler Landing nia di wɛst rim fɔ di 45 km-wayd (28 mayl) Jezero krata. Bikɔs redio signal dɛn kin tek bitwin fayv ɛn 20 minit fɔ travul bitwin di wɔl ɛn Mas, i kin dipen pan usay di planɛt dɛn de, dɛn nɔ bin ebul fɔ kɔntrol am dairekt insay rial tɛm bɔt i bin de flay insɛf fɔ du di flay plan dɛn we JPL bin disayn ɛn sɛn to am. Fɔs, dɛn bin want fɔ mek fayv flayt dɛn nɔmɔ, Ingenuity bin dɔn 72 flayt dɛn insay lɛk tri ia so. Di fayv flayt dɛn we dɛn bin dɔn plan na bin pat pan wan 30-sol tɛknɔlɔji demonstreshɔn we dɛn bin want fɔ pruv se i fit fɔ flay wit flay dɛn we go rich 90 sɛkɔn na ayt we de frɔm 3–5 m (10–16 ft). Fɔ fala dis demonstreshɔn, JPL bin disayn wan siriɔs opareshɔnal flayt fɔ fɛn aw aerial skaut dɛn kin ɛp fɔ fɛn Mas ɛn ɔda wɔl dɛn. Insay dis opareshɔnal rol, Ingenuity bin skaut eria dɛn we dɛn intres fɔ di Perseverance rova, impruv di nevigishɔn tɛknik dɛn, ɛn fɛn di limit dɛn fɔ in flayt ɛnvilɔp. Di we aw Ingenuity bin de du ɛn di we aw i bin ebul fɔ bia wit di bad bad tin dɛn we de apin na Mas bin pas wetin dɛn bin de op fɔ, ɛn dis bin mek i ebul fɔ flay fa fawe pas aw dɛn bin dɔn plan fɔs. Na Janwari 18, 2024, Ingenuity in rɔta bled dɛn bin pwɛl we i bin de land na in 72nd flay, ɛn di ɛlikopta bin graɔn fɔ ɔltɛm. NASA bin anɔys se dɛn dɔn dɔn in mishɔn wan wik afta dat. Ingenuity bin dɔn flay fɔ wan totɛl fɔ tu awa, et minit ɛn 48 sɛkɔn fɔ 1,004 dez, ɛn i bin kɔba pas 17 kilomita (11 mayl). [[Category:Wp/kri]] 1fsq03dtg3851oi245q24xgpxkcvlvd 0 3483420 7240688 6255069 2026-07-06T07:00:10Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240688 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NGC 3 DECam.png|thumb|NGC 3, na DECAM tek di pikchɔ]] '''NGC 3''' na wan lentikul galɛksi wit di mɔfɔlɔjik tayp we na S0, we de na di kɔnstɛlɛshɔn we dɛn kɔl Pisces. Ɔda sɔs dɛn klas NGC 3 as bared spiral galaksi as wan kayn SBa. Na Albert Marth bin fɛn am Novɛmba 29, 1864. [[Category:Wp/kri]] 78lm2uw6byzyqcvuib38x1q3x14ogg6 0 3483841 7240121 6256211 2026-07-05T12:18:44Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Bayografi|name=Daniele Rugani|image=Norway Italy - June 2025 A 27 (Daniele Rugani).jpg|date_of_birth=29 Julay 1994|place_of_birth=Lucca, Tuscany, [[Wp/kri/Italy|Itali]]|profession=Futbɔla}} '''Daniele Rugani''' (<small>Italian pronɔns:</small> [daˈnjɛːle ruˈɡaːni]; bɔn 29 Julay 1994) na wan Italiyan pɔshɔnal futbɔla we de ple as sɛnta-bɛk ɔ ful-bɛk fɔ Sɛri A klab Juventus. Rugani bigin im profeshonal klab kariera wit Empoli fo Serie B fo 2013, wia im helep di klab kwik-kwik to achiv Serie A promoshon, and dem kol am di 2014 Serie B Futballer of di Yia. Im difensiv pefomans di neks sizin si am nem to di 2015 Serie A Tim of di Ia, and im mek im transfa to Juventus, wia im win faiv konsekyutiv Serie A taitol, tu Coppa Italia taitol, and tu Supercoppa Italiana taitol. Na di intanashona levul, Rugani don ripresent di Italy U21 tim fo di UEFA European Under-21 Championship fo 2015 and 2017, and im don mek im sinia debut fo Italy fo 2016. [[Category:Wp/kri]] ck9dym31n4w4n4andydw103dajcuvdv 0 3485282 7240225 6260402 2026-07-05T14:08:37Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:99942 Apophis shape.png|thumb|99942 Apophis]] '''99942 Apophis''' (provisional designation '''2004 MN₄''') na wan asteroyd we de nia di wɔl ɛn na sɔntin we kin mek pɔsin gɛt prɔblɛm wit in dayamita we na 370 mita (1,210 fit) we mek pipul dɛn wɔri fɔ shɔt tɛm insay Disɛmba 2004 we di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn bin si sho se i pɔsibul fɔ rich 2.7% se i go hit di wɔl pan Epril 13, 2029. Ɔda tin dɛn we dɛn bin si bin gi impɔtant prɛdikshɔn dɛn we dɔn pul di pɔsibiliti fɔ impak pan di wɔl insay 2029. Te to 2006, wan smɔl pɔsibul bin stil de se, di tɛm we i bin de nia di wɔl klos insay 2029, Apophis go du am pas tru wan graviti kihol we nɔ pas lɛk 800 kilomita (500 mayl) in dayamita, we bin fɔ dɔn sɛt wan fiuja impak ɛksaktɔli sɛvin ia afta dat pan Epril 13, 2036. Dis pɔsibul bin kip am na Lɛvul 1 na di Torino impak hazad skel te to Ɔgɔst 2006, we dɛn bin disayd se di prɔbabiliti se Apophis go pas tru di kihol rili smɔl ɛn dɛn bin put Apophis in raytin pan di Torino skel dɔŋ to ziro. Bay 2008, dɛn bin dɔn disayd se di kihol nɔ go rich 1 km waid. Insay di shɔt tɛm we i bin dɔn de mɔna pipul dɛn pas ɔl, Apophis bin sɛt di rɛkɛd fɔ di ay raytin we dɛn ɛva gɛt pan di Torino skel, we i rich lɛvɛl 4 pan Disɛmba 27, 2004. Di fכs obsכbishכn dεm we Goldstone reda bin du insay Janwari 2013 bin ifektivli rul aut di posisibul fכ wan Earth impak we Apophis bin du insay 2036. Bay May 6, 2013 (Epril 15, 2013, obshɔbishɔn ark), di pɔsibiliti fɔ impak pan Epril 13, 2036 bin dɔn dɔn ɔltogɛda. Insay 2036, Apophis go kam nia di wɔl na wan pat pan tri pat pan di distans frɔm di San insay ɔl tu di Mach ɛn Disɛmba, bɔt dis na bɔt di distans we di planɛt Venus de we i de pas di wɔl ɛvri 1.6 ia. Na Epril 12, 2068, di nominal trajektɔri gɛt Apophis 1.87 AU (280 milyɔn km) frɔm di wɔl. We dɛn kam insay Mach 2021, siks asteroyd dɛn ɛvri wan bin gɛt mɔ notabɛl kumulativ Palermo Tɛknikal Impɛkt Hazad Skel raytin pas Apophis, ɛn nɔbɔdi pan dɛn nɔ gɛt Torino lɛvɛl ɔp 0. Na avɛj, wan asteroyd we di sayz lɛk Apophis (370 mita) dεn εkspεkt fכ impεkt di wכl wan tεm insay lεk 80,000 ia. di tin dεm we dεn obsכv insay 2020 bay di Subaru tεliskכp kכnfכm di 2015 Yarkovsky ifekt prεdikshכn dεm we Devid Vokrouhlický bin mek. Di Goldstone reda bin wach Apophis Mach 3–11, 2021, ɛp fɔ rifin di ɔbit bak, ɛn pan Mach 25, 2021, di Jet Propulsion Laboratory bin anɔys se Apophis nɔ gɛt chans fɔ impɔk di wɔl insay di nɛks 100 ia. . Di ɔnsatayniti na di 2029 aprɔch distans dɔn ridyus frɔm ɔndrɛd kilomita to naw jɔs tu-tri kilomita, we dɔn rili ɛp fɔ mek di prɛdikshɔn fɔ di fiuja aprɔch. [[Category:Wp/kri]] dqy4gowtusboo67zhbohw5ejfh2q502 7240599 7240225 2026-07-06T01:24:04Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240599 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:99942 Apophis shape.png|thumb|99942 Apophis]] '''99942 Apophis''' (provisional designation '''2004 MN₄''') na wan [[Wp/kri/Asteroyd|asteroyd]] we de nia di wɔl ɛn na sɔntin we kin mek pɔsin gɛt prɔblɛm wit in dayamita we na 370 mita (1,210 fit) we mek pipul dɛn wɔri fɔ shɔt tɛm insay Disɛmba 2004 we di fɔs tin dɛn we dɛn bin si sho se i pɔsibul fɔ rich 2.7% se i go hit di wɔl pan Epril 13, 2029. Ɔda tin dɛn we dɛn bin si bin gi impɔtant prɛdikshɔn dɛn we dɔn pul di pɔsibiliti fɔ impak pan di wɔl insay 2029. Te to 2006, wan smɔl pɔsibul bin stil de se, di tɛm we i bin de nia di wɔl klos insay 2029, Apophis go du am pas tru wan graviti kihol we nɔ pas lɛk 800 kilomita (500 mayl) in dayamita, we bin fɔ dɔn sɛt wan fiuja impak ɛksaktɔli sɛvin ia afta dat pan Epril 13, 2036. Dis pɔsibul bin kip am na Lɛvul 1 na di Torino impak hazad skel te to Ɔgɔst 2006, we dɛn bin disayd se di prɔbabiliti se Apophis go pas tru di kihol rili smɔl ɛn dɛn bin put Apophis in raytin pan di Torino skel dɔŋ to ziro. Bay 2008, dɛn bin dɔn disayd se di kihol nɔ go rich 1 km waid. Insay di shɔt tɛm we i bin dɔn de mɔna pipul dɛn pas ɔl, Apophis bin sɛt di rɛkɛd fɔ di ay raytin we dɛn ɛva gɛt pan di Torino skel, we i rich lɛvɛl 4 pan Disɛmba 27, 2004. Di fכs obsכbishכn dεm we Goldstone reda bin du insay Janwari 2013 bin ifektivli rul aut di posisibul fכ wan Earth impak we Apophis bin du insay 2036. Bay May 6, 2013 (Epril 15, 2013, obshɔbishɔn ark), di pɔsibiliti fɔ impak pan Epril 13, 2036 bin dɔn dɔn ɔltogɛda. Insay 2036, Apophis go kam nia di wɔl na wan pat pan tri pat pan di distans frɔm di San insay ɔl tu di Mach ɛn Disɛmba, bɔt dis na bɔt di distans we di planɛt Venus de we i de pas di wɔl ɛvri 1.6 ia. Na Epril 12, 2068, di nominal trajektɔri gɛt Apophis 1.87 AU (280 milyɔn km) frɔm di wɔl. We dɛn kam insay Mach 2021, siks asteroyd dɛn ɛvri wan bin gɛt mɔ notabɛl kumulativ Palermo Tɛknikal Impɛkt Hazad Skel raytin pas Apophis, ɛn nɔbɔdi pan dɛn nɔ gɛt Torino lɛvɛl ɔp 0. Na avɛj, wan asteroyd we di sayz lɛk Apophis (370 mita) dεn εkspεkt fכ impεkt di wכl wan tεm insay lεk 80,000 ia. di tin dεm we dεn obsכv insay 2020 bay di Subaru tεliskכp kכnfכm di 2015 Yarkovsky ifekt prεdikshכn dεm we Devid Vokrouhlický bin mek. Di Goldstone reda bin wach Apophis Mach 3–11, 2021, ɛp fɔ rifin di ɔbit bak, ɛn pan Mach 25, 2021, di Jet Propulsion Laboratory bin anɔys se Apophis nɔ gɛt chans fɔ impɔk di wɔl insay di nɛks 100 ia. . Di ɔnsatayniti na di 2029 aprɔch distans dɔn ridyus frɔm ɔndrɛd kilomita to naw jɔs tu-tri kilomita, we dɔn rili ɛp fɔ mek di prɛdikshɔn fɔ di fiuja aprɔch. [[Category:Wp/kri]] 8d8xupvch76l1xdhy203u0vs1i1p93r 0 3485704 7240157 6261492 2026-07-05T13:01:44Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240157 wikitext text/x-wiki '''2018''' (MMXVIII) na bin kɔmɔn ia we bigin Mɔnde pan di Gregorian kalenda, di 2018 ia fɔ di Kɔmɔn Ɛra (CE) ɛn Anno Domini (AD) nem, di 18 ia fɔ di 3rd mileniɔm ɛn di 21st sɛntinari, ɛn di 9th ia di 2010s tɛn ia. == Evɛntdɛm == === Janwari === === Fɛbwari === === Mach === === Epril === === May === === Jun === === Julay === === Ɔgɔst === === Sɛptɛmba === === Ɔktoba === === Novɛmba === === Disɛmba === == Nobel Prayz dɛn == [[File:Premio nobel de la paz (cropped).png|right|frameless|200x200px]] * Kɛmistri – Francis Arnold, George Smith ɛn Greg Winter * Ikɔnomi – William Nordhaus ɛn Paul Romer * Literature – Olga Tokarczuk (dɛn gi am di award insay 2019) * Pis – Denis Mukwege ɛn Nadia Murad * Fiziks – Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou, ɛn Donna Strickland * Fisiɔlɔji ɔ Mɛdisin – James P. Allison ɛn Tasuku Honjo [[Category:Wp/kri]] 8vd5e4964k4m45e9z8pee9m5qrch67l 0 3499449 7240407 7232513 2026-07-05T18:44:06Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* Early career */ 7240407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q6932918}} '''Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa''' <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201003190759.html</ref>Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Mustapha (nji yanyi 13 hya sudan fa 1944)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110714183523/http://ndn.nigeriadailynews.com/templates/?a=26238</ref> nji ninyi ptil kur or 18 hya makur fa 2010 ptil gargajiya, ptil Lamido ni Adamawa in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Nji sa eh titil kur da uya digal kuranni dagan ji fo pil hearara state gwamna Murtala Nyako.<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200903301205.html</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201004160554.html</ref><ref>http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2010/mar/19/national-19-03-2010-009.htm</ref> == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q6932918}} t4l3eefuk1lr4apsy1neho6x2hf6bpq 0 3499450 7240393 6698543 2026-07-05T18:33:31Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* Honours */ 7240393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q24286956}} '''Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo''' <ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/opec-secretary-general-mohammed-barkindo-dies-11657090828</ref>(20 hya fudo fa 1959 – 5 mudofhou 2022) ndgya kra jo eh siyasa. hearo 1 tsitseu 2016 har ji tau, najan Secretary General ni Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. A thuwar ja agan ja pahna OPEC+ alliance or pama OPEC members ba allenyi oil-producing countries.<ref>"Profile of HE Mohammad Sanusi Barkindo, Secretary General of OPEC" (PDF). ''OPEC''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 tufo 2022.</ref> Barkindo ayi kudau a ir ja thurau Acting Secretary General or fa 2006. A led dirja  Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation hearo 2009 ando 2010, baji da dugal ni Nigeria's technical delegation to UN climate negotiations ji suma 1991.<ref>http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/3545.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160912184953/http://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/about_us/HE%20Barkindo%20CV%20(11.8.16).pdf</ref><ref>https://www.thecable.ng/obituary-mohammed-barkindo-the-political-scientist-who-became-a-star-at-opec</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/the-man-mohammad-barkindo/</ref> ==Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə== ==nya biya== ===UN climate change=== ===OPEC=== ==tau== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q24286956}} 6q317ga81swjq7mf1puunymq2pqhaau 7240394 7240393 2026-07-05T18:33:43Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* tau */ 7240394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q24286956}} '''Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo''' <ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/opec-secretary-general-mohammed-barkindo-dies-11657090828</ref>(20 hya fudo fa 1959 – 5 mudofhou 2022) ndgya kra jo eh siyasa. hearo 1 tsitseu 2016 har ji tau, najan Secretary General ni Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. A thuwar ja agan ja pahna OPEC+ alliance or pama OPEC members ba allenyi oil-producing countries.<ref>"Profile of HE Mohammad Sanusi Barkindo, Secretary General of OPEC" (PDF). ''OPEC''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 tufo 2022.</ref> Barkindo ayi kudau a ir ja thurau Acting Secretary General or fa 2006. A led dirja  Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation hearo 2009 ando 2010, baji da dugal ni Nigeria's technical delegation to UN climate negotiations ji suma 1991.<ref>http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/3545.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160912184953/http://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/about_us/HE%20Barkindo%20CV%20(11.8.16).pdf</ref><ref>https://www.thecable.ng/obituary-mohammed-barkindo-the-political-scientist-who-became-a-star-at-opec</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/the-man-mohammad-barkindo/</ref> ==Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə== ==nya biya== ===UN climate change=== ===OPEC=== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q24286956}} 5x62v4ydcm9sqzauzizvfjobjdt7pbg 7240395 7240394 2026-07-05T18:33:58Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* OPEC */ 7240395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q24286956}} '''Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo''' <ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/opec-secretary-general-mohammed-barkindo-dies-11657090828</ref>(20 hya fudo fa 1959 – 5 mudofhou 2022) ndgya kra jo eh siyasa. hearo 1 tsitseu 2016 har ji tau, najan Secretary General ni Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. A thuwar ja agan ja pahna OPEC+ alliance or pama OPEC members ba allenyi oil-producing countries.<ref>"Profile of HE Mohammad Sanusi Barkindo, Secretary General of OPEC" (PDF). ''OPEC''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 tufo 2022.</ref> Barkindo ayi kudau a ir ja thurau Acting Secretary General or fa 2006. A led dirja  Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation hearo 2009 ando 2010, baji da dugal ni Nigeria's technical delegation to UN climate negotiations ji suma 1991.<ref>http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/3545.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160912184953/http://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/about_us/HE%20Barkindo%20CV%20(11.8.16).pdf</ref><ref>https://www.thecable.ng/obituary-mohammed-barkindo-the-political-scientist-who-became-a-star-at-opec</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/the-man-mohammad-barkindo/</ref> ==Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə== ==nya biya== ===UN climate change=== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q24286956}} 891q3pnkjun9qbphjzxnzlqqai9i7lb 7240396 7240395 2026-07-05T18:34:27Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* UN climate change */ 7240396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q24286956}} '''Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo''' <ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/opec-secretary-general-mohammed-barkindo-dies-11657090828</ref>(20 hya fudo fa 1959 – 5 mudofhou 2022) ndgya kra jo eh siyasa. hearo 1 tsitseu 2016 har ji tau, najan Secretary General ni Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. A thuwar ja agan ja pahna OPEC+ alliance or pama OPEC members ba allenyi oil-producing countries.<ref>"Profile of HE Mohammad Sanusi Barkindo, Secretary General of OPEC" (PDF). ''OPEC''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 tufo 2022.</ref> Barkindo ayi kudau a ir ja thurau Acting Secretary General or fa 2006. A led dirja  Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation hearo 2009 ando 2010, baji da dugal ni Nigeria's technical delegation to UN climate negotiations ji suma 1991.<ref>http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/3545.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160912184953/http://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/about_us/HE%20Barkindo%20CV%20(11.8.16).pdf</ref><ref>https://www.thecable.ng/obituary-mohammed-barkindo-the-political-scientist-who-became-a-star-at-opec</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/the-man-mohammad-barkindo/</ref> ==Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə== ==nya biya== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q24286956}} 35pthvhkypse91565r8d2r6dy19928s 7240397 7240396 2026-07-05T18:34:52Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* nya biya */ 7240397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q24286956}} '''Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo''' <ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/opec-secretary-general-mohammed-barkindo-dies-11657090828</ref>(20 hya fudo fa 1959 – 5 mudofhou 2022) ndgya kra jo eh siyasa. hearo 1 tsitseu 2016 har ji tau, najan Secretary General ni Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. A thuwar ja agan ja pahna OPEC+ alliance or pama OPEC members ba allenyi oil-producing countries.<ref>"Profile of HE Mohammad Sanusi Barkindo, Secretary General of OPEC" (PDF). ''OPEC''. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 tufo 2022.</ref> Barkindo ayi kudau a ir ja thurau Acting Secretary General or fa 2006. A led dirja  Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation hearo 2009 ando 2010, baji da dugal ni Nigeria's technical delegation to UN climate negotiations ji suma 1991.<ref>http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/3545.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160912184953/http://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/about_us/HE%20Barkindo%20CV%20(11.8.16).pdf</ref><ref>https://www.thecable.ng/obituary-mohammed-barkindo-the-political-scientist-who-became-a-star-at-opec</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/the-man-mohammad-barkindo/</ref> ==Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q24286956}} 6rgnr22wdojc1238qfda4sq63b6a1k2 0 3500478 7240398 7233164 2026-07-05T18:35:50Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* Senate caree */ 7240398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q6892866}} '''Muhammed Adamu Bello'''(nji yaynyi 20 hya July fa 1957)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20091123235343/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=131</ref> ndur siyasa nga ba ndur nga kra jo ih suku, ndga kran ji sabanyi aga Senate of Nigeria or fa 2007 representing the Kano Central constituency of Kano State ni All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20091120190406/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/committees.php</ref><ref>http://www.courtofappeal.gov.ng/PDF/ALHAJI%20RABILU%20ISHAQ.pdf</ref> Mohammed Adamu Bello a yanyir nji 20 July 1957. A uyar ja B.A. or History. Kamin nji dzugua zabnyi aga Senate, najan Commissioner ni Agriculture And Environment ba Chairman ni ANPP, Kano State.<ref>http://www.ijebustate.com/news-and-event/5-senate-names-constitution-amendment-committee-members-9th-may-2008?format=pdf</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200905250350.html?page=3</ref> ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q6892866}} noopllr5r7wmjma4r165u81tck5fhii 7240399 7240398 2026-07-05T18:36:56Z Aliyu27 2608597 7240399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q6892866}} '''Muhammed Adamu Bello'''(nji yaynyi 20 hya July fa 1957)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20091123235343/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=131</ref> ndur siyasa nga ba ndur nga kra jo ih suku, ndga kran ji sabanyi aga Senata ni Nigeria or fa 2007 representing the Kano Central constituency of Kano State ni All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20091120190406/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/committees.php</ref><ref>http://www.courtofappeal.gov.ng/PDF/ALHAJI%20RABILU%20ISHAQ.pdf</ref> Mohammed Adamu Bello a yanyir nji 20 July 1957. A uyar ja B.A. or History. Kamin nji dzugua zabnyi aga Senate, najan Commissioner ni Agriculture And Environment ba Chairman ni ANPP, Kano State.<ref>http://www.ijebustate.com/news-and-event/5-senate-names-constitution-amendment-committee-members-9th-may-2008?format=pdf</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200905250350.html?page=3</ref> ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q6892866}} mjlwtlxue8af65l0o1ugkfkds4nyky9 0 3500480 7240388 7225967 2026-07-05T18:26:53Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* Dàrja */ 7240388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q598290}} '''Muhammed Musa Bello''' CON (nji yanyi 8 hya tan fa 1959)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220222153625/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/security-environmental-protection-tops-fgs-priorities-for-estate-developers-says-minister/</ref> Nigerian banker nga ba siyasa ndra ih thur Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, hearo 2015 ando 2023.<ref>https://punchng.com/fct-minister-presents-laptops-to-100-students-teachers/</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/meet-fct-minister-muhammad-musa-bello/</ref><ref>https://dailynigerian.com/buhari-why-retained-mohammed/</ref> ==nya biya ni tangurma== Musa ni yanyi avo chuli ni Yola; dunyi, Alhaji Musa Bello, najan Managing Director ni Northern Nigeria Development Company hearo 1970 ando 1976, ba bashi an President [[Wp/mrt/Muhammadu Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari]]. Ji soma primary education or Yola ji dzugua kudna or Our Lady's High School in Kaduna or fa 1971.<ref>https://punchng.com/wake-up-fct-minister/</ref><ref>https://dailynigerian.com/buhari-why-retained-mohammed/</ref> ==nya biya== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q598290}} scj2qdijw8kcacyzulb85pqqg5r1yjh 0 3502205 7240389 7223312 2026-07-05T18:28:01Z Aliyu27 2608597 7240389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q6893199}} '''Muhammed Mana''' (nji yanyi 7 hya kumo fa 1950) ndgya military Administrator of [[Wp/mrt/Plateau State|Plateau State]] o panma hya kupou sudan fa 1993 ingya August fa 1996 pichir military regime ni [[Wp/mrt/General Sani Abacha|General Sani Abacha]]. Najan nga ji zaba aga Senata naja [[Wp/mrt/Adamawa|Adamawa]] North in 2007 ni People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform.<ref>http://rulers.org/nigastat.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100403022552/http://nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=21</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201002110638.html</ref> ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q6893199}} j7av2qoi1eyt9krh3g7p2o42nj8dj4a 0 3502208 7240405 7232486 2026-07-05T18:42:47Z Aliyu27 2608597 7240405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q21933540}} '''Muhammadu Gambo Jimeta''' (15 hya fudo fa 1937 - 21 hya sudan 2021)<ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/01/21/ex-igp-gambo-jimeta-is-dead-buhari-mourns/</ref> ayi kudau Inspector General ni Nigeria Dan sanda. A zaban yirji or fa 1986 to succeed Etim Inyang baji simiya dugal kur Aliyu Attah or fa 1990. Baji daga Coordinator ni National Security to shugaban ni Nigeria Ibrahim Babangida ayi kudau.<ref>http://dailyindependentnig.com/2015/04/abba-police-go-police-come/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180730234635/http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/list-of-inspector-general-of-police-in.html?m=1</ref> ==nya biya ni tangurma== Nji yanyi or Jimeta pichir 15 hya sudan 1937. == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q21933540}} nzf72dckl1zprfgvqqqv7ci8n2crzvm 7240406 7240405 2026-07-05T18:43:11Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* nya biya ni tangurma */ 7240406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q21933540}} '''Muhammadu Gambo Jimeta''' (15 hya fudo fa 1937 - 21 hya sudan 2021)<ref>https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/01/21/ex-igp-gambo-jimeta-is-dead-buhari-mourns/</ref> ayi kudau Inspector General ni Nigeria Dan sanda. A zaban yirji or fa 1986 to succeed Etim Inyang baji simiya dugal kur Aliyu Attah or fa 1990. Baji daga Coordinator ni National Security to shugaban ni Nigeria Ibrahim Babangida ayi kudau.<ref>http://dailyindependentnig.com/2015/04/abba-police-go-police-come/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180730234635/http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/list-of-inspector-general-of-police-in.html?m=1</ref> == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q21933540}} aa0s3caj7z81ttmm1sz0udep16vyoc6 0 3502495 7240403 6841868 2026-07-05T18:41:57Z Aliyu27 2608597 7240403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q6932928}} '''Muhammadu Ribadu''' (hearo 1909 – 1 hya tufo fa 1965) ndgya kra jo ih siyasa, najan ni tangirma Minister of Defence ayi kudau independence. zir ptil hearo Adamawa's Balala district, a farar ja jigan yi or Qur'anic Makaranta ji dzugwa ma’i ando middle school at Yola. ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q6932928}} k86jr0h1v6owndnpzjm9i48w0pkvchh 0 3503408 7240392 7002599 2026-07-05T18:32:05Z Aliyu27 2608597 7240392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q3510706}} '''Mohammed Danjuma Goje''' (nji yanyi 10 hya kumo fa 1952) asa darja Gwamna ni Gombe State, Nigeria a kidi People's Democratic Party (PDP), ji thuri office 29 hya tufo fa 2003 pichir 2003 Gombe State gubernatorial election. kiya kau member of the All Progressives Congress (APC). ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3510706}} d4uxll7wmcq8mvspxccoeuf1v874n6i 0 3507097 7240391 6841887 2026-07-05T18:31:01Z Aliyu27 2608597 7240391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q35538247}} '''Muhammed Kazaure Gudaji''' 2 ndgya member ni Nigerian House of Representatives representing the Kazaure, Roni, Gwiwa, Yankwashi Constituency of Jigawa State. ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q35538247}} qcmglxb4xpatkahzt79a79bwado3fdx 0 3512793 7240456 6698559 2026-07-05T21:00:00Z Baby juuu 2634254 /* Works */ 7240456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q21175286}} Mahmood Yakubu (nyi yanyi fa 1962) ndgya Nigerian academic and current chairman of Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).[1] Mahmood a zabar yirji avo office herara President Muhammadu Buhari or 21 gta kumo fa 2015, succeeding Amina Zakari, ndra da aga acting chairman. ==Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə== ==nya biya== * Mahmood Yakubu; Nigerian Defence Academy (2005). Crisis and conflict management in Nigeria since 1980. Nigerian Defence Academy. ISBN 978-978-135-140-2. * Alhaji Mahmood Yakubu (1996). Western Education in Northern Nigeria: Challenges and Strategies. National Gamji Memorial Club. ISBN 978-978-32931-0-6. * Alhaji Yakubu (2006). Emirs and politicians: reform, reaction and recrimination in Northern Nigeria, 1950-1966. Baraka. ISBN 978-978-32931-5-1. ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q21175286}} lseiuz8ep17g5orld49hhwrvxdh16c5 0 3512806 7240390 7232555 2026-07-05T18:28:53Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* See also */ 7240390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q101245550}} '''Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi'''<ref>https://guardian.ng/news/minister-urges-cross-sectorial-synergy-to-grow-national-economy/''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''. 14 September 2021. Retrieved 22 hya sudan 2022.</ref>(nji yanyi 21 hya fudo fa 1968 ndgya Nigerian lawyer ba jo ih siyasa. A zabar yir ji aga Nigeria's Minister of Environment hearara President Muhammadu Buhari or April fa 2022, nji bra redeployed nji hearo Ministry of Science and Technology kra najan Minister ni State. Kra ji ih thurau a vir nyanyi mafilen har tufo 2023.<ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/abdullahi-another-lawyer-in-incoming-cabinet/''thenationonlineng.net''. 2019. Retrieved 7 kupou tan 2020.</ref> najan Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice ni Nasarawa State and the Secretary ni State Government (SSG). ndgya solicitor ba advocate ni Supreme Court of Nigeria<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201201031635/https://scienceandtech.gov.ng/minister-for-state/''scienceandtech.gov.ng''. 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2020.</ref> ==Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q101245550}} 3ymy2wliyx80w5xzvnk1tz0nk8ngy6t 0 3512809 7240341 6698481 2026-07-05T16:15:11Z Galdiz 2568250 7240341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q13140666}} Haruna Abubakar <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_Ikokwu<nowiki/>(3 hya makur 2023)https://web.archive.org/web/20051128152221/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/03/03/20020303pol02.html''ThisDay''. Archived from the original on 28 kupou tan 2005. Retrieved 24 kwa 2010.</ref>(6 kwa 1952 – 27 hya sudan fa 2005) ndgya Nigerian lawyer ba jo ih siyasa asa darja aga deputy president ni Nigerian Senate or fa 1999. Abubakar nji yanyi or Lafia, Nasarawa State, or 6 kwa 1952. Dunyi tau pichirra ja kushu ba sigunyi kusa hiryi, ndra ji sinbiya aga dunyi late. Dalhatu Bawa.<ref>http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt''Psephos''. Retrieved 24 June 2010.</ref> ==tau== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q13140666}} tqlri12yhgu7hv0k0jbczod82jsnr9p 7240346 7240341 2026-07-05T16:17:28Z Galdiz 2568250 7240346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q13140666}} Haruna Abubakar <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_Ikokwu<nowiki/>(3 hya makur 2023)https://web.archive.org/web/20051128152221/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/03/03/20020303pol02.html''ThisDay''. Archived from the original on 28 kupou tan 2005. Retrieved 24 kwa 2010.</ref>(6 kwa 1952 – 27 hya sudan fa 2005) ndgya Nigerian lawyer ba jo ih siyasa asa darja aga deputy president ni Nigerian Senate fa 1999. Abubakar nji yanyi or Lafia, Nasarawa State, or 6 kwa 1952. Dunyi tau pichirra ja kushu ba sigunyi kusa hiryi, ndra ji sinbiya aga dunyi late. Dalhatu Bawa.<ref>http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt''Psephos''. Retrieved 24 June 2010.</ref> ==tau== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q13140666}} 8ehw2ejtyj1lrvdqbpsbko2b57wjsr0 7240359 7240346 2026-07-05T16:36:27Z Galdiz 2568250 /* tau */ 7240359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q13140666}} Haruna Abubakar <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_Ikokwu<nowiki/>(3 hya makur 2023)https://web.archive.org/web/20051128152221/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/03/03/20020303pol02.html''ThisDay''. Archived from the original on 28 kupou tan 2005. Retrieved 24 kwa 2010.</ref>(6 kwa 1952 – 27 hya sudan fa 2005) ndgya Nigerian lawyer ba jo ih siyasa asa darja aga deputy president ni Nigerian Senate fa 1999. Abubakar nji yanyi or Lafia, Nasarawa State, or 6 kwa 1952. Dunyi tau pichirra ja kushu ba sigunyi kusa hiryi, ndra ji sinbiya aga dunyi late. Dalhatu Bawa.<ref>http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt''Psephos''. Retrieved 24 June 2010.</ref> ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q13140666}} 2wbh5znghfxnxve9c1vq2ogj6sbgmeo 0 3513924 7240412 6687622 2026-07-05T18:52:42Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* See also */ 7240412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q6893019}} Mohammed Bello Adoke CFR <references /> <ref>http://www.pointblanknews.com/os3101.html<nowiki/>www.pointblanknews.com. Retrieved 2022-04-21.</ref> (nji yanyi 1 hya tey fa 1963) ndgya Nigerian lawyer.<ref>Nnamdi, Onyirioha (2019-08-05). https://www.legit.ng/1252667-adoke-efcc-wasting-taxpayers-money-trial-ex-agf.html</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201004070116.html''ThisDay''. Retrieved 2010-04-13.</ref>najan Senior Advocate ni Nigeria ba nji naban yi aga Minister for Justice ba Attorney-General ni Federation or 6 fudo 2010, pichira Acting President Goodluck Jonathan announced cabinet nyi mafulen wu. ==Early life and career== ==Malabu oil deal fraud== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q6893019}} sgxcrzu1twx0pv6is78py3at2jyn9b8 7240413 7240412 2026-07-05T18:53:01Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* Malabu oil deal fraud */ 7240413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q6893019}} Mohammed Bello Adoke CFR <references /> <ref>http://www.pointblanknews.com/os3101.html<nowiki/>www.pointblanknews.com. Retrieved 2022-04-21.</ref> (nji yanyi 1 hya tey fa 1963) ndgya Nigerian lawyer.<ref>Nnamdi, Onyirioha (2019-08-05). https://www.legit.ng/1252667-adoke-efcc-wasting-taxpayers-money-trial-ex-agf.html</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201004070116.html''ThisDay''. Retrieved 2010-04-13.</ref>najan Senior Advocate ni Nigeria ba nji naban yi aga Minister for Justice ba Attorney-General ni Federation or 6 fudo 2010, pichira Acting President Goodluck Jonathan announced cabinet nyi mafulen wu. ==Early life and career== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q6893019}} 4n0upue0j8j0hp2hggvdd4bw9x7eeyj 7240414 7240413 2026-07-05T18:53:17Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* Early life and career */ 7240414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q6893019}} Mohammed Bello Adoke CFR <references /> <ref>http://www.pointblanknews.com/os3101.html<nowiki/>www.pointblanknews.com. Retrieved 2022-04-21.</ref> (nji yanyi 1 hya tey fa 1963) ndgya Nigerian lawyer.<ref>Nnamdi, Onyirioha (2019-08-05). https://www.legit.ng/1252667-adoke-efcc-wasting-taxpayers-money-trial-ex-agf.html</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201004070116.html''ThisDay''. Retrieved 2010-04-13.</ref>najan Senior Advocate ni Nigeria ba nji naban yi aga Minister for Justice ba Attorney-General ni Federation or 6 fudo 2010, pichira Acting President Goodluck Jonathan announced cabinet nyi mafulen wu. ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q6893019}} n35jvi4lejkpro2r9pljooc1b459fk4 0 3521422 7240400 6841873 2026-07-05T18:37:58Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* Senator */ 7240400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q13140747}} '''Mohammed A Muhammed''' (nji yanyi 27 hya kupou sudan fa 1939) is ndgya kra j ih siyasa ba Senate ni [[Wp/mrt/Bauchi State|Bauchi State]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080607075202/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=29<nowiki/>National Assembly of Nigeria. Archived from the original on 7 June 2008. Retrieved 8 October 2009.</ref> ji hi Justice [[Wp/mrt/Zainab Adamu Bulkachuwa|Zainab Adamu Bulkachuwa]], President ni court of Appeal, Abuja.<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2019/02/26/nigeria-elections-court-appeal-presidents-husband-bulkachuwa-apc-senator-elect-bauchi-north/<nowiki/>26 February 2019</ref><ref>Emmanuel Aziken (27 January 2008)http://allafrica.com/stories/200801270016.html<nowiki/>Vanguard. Retrieved 8 October 2009.</ref> ==Background== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q13140747}} 4w4euhir13tveoz02zj8aubrmkjmfo4 7240401 7240400 2026-07-05T18:38:17Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* Background */ 7240401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q13140747}} '''Mohammed A Muhammed''' (nji yanyi 27 hya kupou sudan fa 1939) is ndgya kra j ih siyasa ba Senate ni [[Wp/mrt/Bauchi State|Bauchi State]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080607075202/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=29<nowiki/>National Assembly of Nigeria. Archived from the original on 7 June 2008. Retrieved 8 October 2009.</ref> ji hi Justice [[Wp/mrt/Zainab Adamu Bulkachuwa|Zainab Adamu Bulkachuwa]], President ni court of Appeal, Abuja.<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2019/02/26/nigeria-elections-court-appeal-presidents-husband-bulkachuwa-apc-senator-elect-bauchi-north/<nowiki/>26 February 2019</ref><ref>Emmanuel Aziken (27 January 2008)http://allafrica.com/stories/200801270016.html<nowiki/>Vanguard. Retrieved 8 October 2009.</ref> ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q13140747}} kpnjg7nkj313sinugzbbppppt6z7979 7240402 7240401 2026-07-05T18:39:09Z Aliyu27 2608597 7240402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q13140747}} '''Mohammed A Muhammed''' (nji yanyi 27 hya kupou sudan fa 1939) ndgya kra j ih siyasa ba Senata ni [[Wp/mrt/Bauchi State|Bauchi State]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080607075202/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=29<nowiki/>National Assembly of Nigeria. Archived from the original on 7 June 2008. Retrieved 8 October 2009.</ref> ji hi Justice [[Wp/mrt/Zainab Adamu Bulkachuwa|Zainab Adamu Bulkachuwa]], President ni court of Appeal, Abuja.<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2019/02/26/nigeria-elections-court-appeal-presidents-husband-bulkachuwa-apc-senator-elect-bauchi-north/<nowiki/>26 February 2019</ref><ref>Emmanuel Aziken (27 January 2008)http://allafrica.com/stories/200801270016.html<nowiki/>Vanguard. Retrieved 8 October 2009.</ref> ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q13140747}} 9y3ub1edesat1wbtd6mm718yegtg9ap 0 3525229 7240314 7196967 2026-07-05T15:56:14Z Galdiz 2568250 7240314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q35539352}} '''Halliru Dauda Jika ''' nji yanyi 1976 or [[Wp/mrt/Bauchi State|Bauchi State]], Nigeria. ndgya businessman ba jo ih siyasa. asa darja aga member ba jida speake Bauchi state house of assembly ni pichi kushu, member house of representatives ba asa darja senate member representing Bauchi Central. Ndgya kran ji sinbiya ingya Dokaji.<ref>Babah, Chinedu (2017-10-04). https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/jika-honourable-dauda-haliru/''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2020-02-20.</ref><ref>https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16695/hon-jika-haliru<nowiki/>.www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 2020-02-20.</ref> ==jiga== ==Ndar siyasar mdu== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q35539352}} nxpjuno8ipni6wksnt44pw2lz4p017o 7240317 7240314 2026-07-05T15:57:38Z Galdiz 2568250 7240317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q35539352}} '''Halliru Dauda Jika ''' nji yanyi 1976 or [[Wp/mrt/Bauchi State|Bauchi State]], Nigeria. ndgya dan kasuwa ba jo ih siyasa. asa darja aga member ba jida speake Bauchi state house of assembly ni pichi kushu, member house of representatives ba asa darja senate member representing Bauchi Central. Ndgya kran ji sinbiya ingya Dokaji.<ref>Babah, Chinedu (2017-10-04). https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/jika-honourable-dauda-haliru/''Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation''. Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2020-02-20.</ref><ref>https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16695/hon-jika-haliru<nowiki/>.www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 2020-02-20.</ref> ==jiga== ==Ndar siyasar mdu== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q35539352}} gy5sj70cknt9gzy15nppo1cvi8u7rpz 0 3542690 7240408 6687620 2026-07-05T18:45:51Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* See also */ 7240408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q104842060}} '''Mubarak Bala''(5) (Q104842060) (nji yanyi 1984<ref>Nzwili, Fredrick (30 fudo 2021). https://religionnews.com/2021/04/30/global-pressure-mounts-for-nigerian-atheists-release-after-year-in-detention/". ''Religion News Service''. Retrieved 11 fudo 2022.</ref>) ndgya [[Wp/mrt/Nigerian|Nigerian]] atheist ba president ni Humanist Association of Nigeria. Bala has faced persecution banji mbaryi ara ji pir Islam and publicly expressing atheist views. Or 5 April 2022, [[Wp/mrt/Kano State High Court|Kano State High Court]] ndi sau Bala 24 years imprisonment bayan ji pleaded guilty to an eighteen-count charge of [[Wp/mrt/Blasphemy|blasphemy]] ba public incitement. ==Early life and loss of faith== ==Arrest and conviction== ==Personal background== ==Recognition== ==Bibliography== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q104842060}} ieeipvt3iizfbsi3t5g6tmgivav591r 7240409 7240408 2026-07-05T18:46:14Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* Bibliography */ 7240409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q104842060}} '''Mubarak Bala''(5) (Q104842060) (nji yanyi 1984<ref>Nzwili, Fredrick (30 fudo 2021). https://religionnews.com/2021/04/30/global-pressure-mounts-for-nigerian-atheists-release-after-year-in-detention/". ''Religion News Service''. Retrieved 11 fudo 2022.</ref>) ndgya [[Wp/mrt/Nigerian|Nigerian]] atheist ba president ni Humanist Association of Nigeria. Bala has faced persecution banji mbaryi ara ji pir Islam and publicly expressing atheist views. Or 5 April 2022, [[Wp/mrt/Kano State High Court|Kano State High Court]] ndi sau Bala 24 years imprisonment bayan ji pleaded guilty to an eighteen-count charge of [[Wp/mrt/Blasphemy|blasphemy]] ba public incitement. ==Early life and loss of faith== ==Arrest and conviction== ==Personal background== ==Recognition== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q104842060}} mo4og2613m15a8phsvjd2zm7ckgd0o2 7240410 7240409 2026-07-05T18:46:34Z Aliyu27 2608597 /* Recognition */ 7240410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q104842060}} '''Mubarak Bala''(5) (Q104842060) (nji yanyi 1984<ref>Nzwili, Fredrick (30 fudo 2021). https://religionnews.com/2021/04/30/global-pressure-mounts-for-nigerian-atheists-release-after-year-in-detention/". ''Religion News Service''. Retrieved 11 fudo 2022.</ref>) ndgya [[Wp/mrt/Nigerian|Nigerian]] atheist ba president ni Humanist Association of Nigeria. Bala has faced persecution banji mbaryi ara ji pir Islam and publicly expressing atheist views. Or 5 April 2022, [[Wp/mrt/Kano State High Court|Kano State High Court]] ndi sau Bala 24 years imprisonment bayan ji pleaded guilty to an eighteen-count charge of [[Wp/mrt/Blasphemy|blasphemy]] ba public incitement. ==Early life and loss of faith== ==Arrest and conviction== ==Personal background== ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q104842060}} ko19hkky65n3qeuzlkfw5n4xmlkl2nu 0 3546225 7240739 6480855 2026-07-06T08:11:37Z Shayi ngolu 2566594 7240739 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurent Désiré Kabila''' Muena ditunga, muena tshididi, mfumu wa ditunga (muyuki wa kale, tshididi). [[Category:Wp/lua]] dcpoa53n2hz19ks2n4r5rhdpvbe5xol 7240741 7240739 2026-07-06T08:13:30Z Shayi ngolu 2566594 7240741 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurent Désiré Kabila''' Muena ditunga, muena tshididi, mfumu wa ditunga (muyuki wa kale, tshididi). [[File:Visit of Laurent Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of Congo, to the EC (cropped2).jpg|197px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] mdwk1v5s98p8f1effyjwc1ib2wowxtr 7240743 7240741 2026-07-06T08:14:56Z Shayi ngolu 2566594 7240743 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurent Désiré Kabila''' Muena ditunga, muena tshididi, mfumu wa ditunga (muyuki wa kale, tshididi). [[File:Visit of Laurent Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of Congo, to the EC (cropped2).jpg|197px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] {{INTERWIKI|Q135547}} 0s59yprplwdiq1lmljuvvvdlaymjb7a 0 3548624 7240826 7213389 2026-07-06T10:02:02Z Soy20 2653919 7240826 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Escudero19th.jpg|thumb|Opisyal nga imahe, 2022]] Si '''Francis Joseph "Chiz" Guevara Escudero''' (nabata Oktubre 10, 1969) isa ka Pilipino nga politiko kag abogado nga nagsirbi bilang ang ika-25 nga Presidente sang Senado sang Pilipinas. Siya nangin Senador sugod 2022, kag sang 2007 hasta 2019. == Mga pangguwa nga kawad == *[http://www.chizescudero.com Opisyal nga website] *[https://twitter.com/SayChiz Opisyal nga pahina sa Twitter] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20181124020355/https://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections-2013/data/candidates/senator/chiz-escudero Fast Facts about Francis "Chiz" Escudero] [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q983307}} 658aoucshesaydnsqblzw8jk3n3cyk0 0 3564921 7240319 7085839 2026-07-05T15:58:58Z Galdiz 2568250 7240319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q104722631}} '''Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari''',kra ŋji dinya ndyá sinbiyaingya Engr. Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari, ndgya Mechanical Engineer ba jo ih siyasa ba a darja aga Speaker ŋí [[Wp/mrt/Kano State House of Assembly|Kano State House of Assembly]] or 15 hya kupou sudan fa 2020. ==Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə== ==nya biya== == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q104722631}} et6q5li2pz906qwnsvbuy9u9vsjp56v 7240320 7240319 2026-07-05T15:59:18Z Galdiz 2568250 7240320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q104722631}} '''Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari''',kra ŋji dinya ndyá sinbiyaingya Engr. Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari, ndgya Mechanical Engineer ba jo ih siyasa ba a darja aga Speaker ŋí [[Wp/mrt/Kano State House of Assembly|Kano State House of Assembly]] or 15 hya kupou sudan fa 2020. ==Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə== == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q104722631}} 2y4oxeu5tcwsak3d1qkq63bc13x65pp 7240321 7240320 2026-07-05T16:00:26Z Galdiz 2568250 /* Ndar dunyar mdu aga mtə */ 7240321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q104722631}} '''Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari''',kra ŋji dinya ndyá sinbiyaingya Engr. Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari, ndgya Mechanical Engineer ba jo ih siyasa ba a darja aga Speaker ŋí [[Wp/mrt/Kano State House of Assembly|Kano State House of Assembly]] or 15 hya kupou sudan fa 2020. == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q104722631}} g08wnkhef0072euh807len7l32ra8h9 7240383 7240321 2026-07-05T18:06:45Z Jidda3711 2577066 7240383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q104722631}} '''Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari''', kra ŋji dinya ndyá sinbiyaingya Engr. Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari, ndgya Mechanical Engineer ba jo ih siyasa ba a darja aga Speaker ŋí [[Wp/mrt/Kano State House of Assembly|Kano State House of Assembly]] or 15 hya kupou sudan fa 2020.<ref>Oluwatosin #TLTOluwatosin, Akintola (31 July 2018).https://www.tltnews247.com/2018/07/31/kano-state-assembly-impeaches-its-speaker/ The Liberty Times™ Nigeria | @TLTNEWS247 Where the world listens to the Nigerian voice!. Retrieved 8 January 2021.</ref> == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q104722631}} 16egu6clrwlxu2bxelc83g4p8ylbqxb 7240384 7240383 2026-07-05T18:10:00Z Jidda3711 2577066 7240384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q104722631}} '''Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari''', kra ŋji dinya ndyá sinbiyaingya Engr. Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari, ndgya Mechanical Engineer ba jo ih siyasa ba a darja aga Speaker ŋí [[Wp/mrt/Kano State House of Assembly|Kano State House of Assembly]] or 15 hya kupou sudan fa 2020.<ref>Oluwatosin #TLTOluwatosin, Akintola (31 July 2018).https://www.tltnews247.com/2018/07/31/kano-state-assembly-impeaches-its-speaker/ The Liberty Times™ Nigeria | @TLTNEWS247 Where the world listens to the Nigerian voice!. Retrieved 8 January 2021.</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Nigerian<nowiki/>10 June 2019. Archived from https://dailynigerian.com/kano-assembly-elects-gafasa-speaker/ on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2021.</ref> == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q104722631}} 3kagwc11xb6nfancppddfslltcjvb8v 7240385 7240384 2026-07-05T18:11:08Z Jidda3711 2577066 7240385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q104722631}} '''Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari''', kra ŋji dinya ndyá sinbiyaingya Engr. Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari, ndgya Mechanical Engineer ba jo ih siyasa ba a darja aga Speaker ŋí [[Wp/mrt/Kano State House of Assembly|Kano State House of Assembly]] or 15 hya kupou sudan fa 2020.<ref>Oluwatosin #TLTOluwatosin, Akintola (31 July 2018).https://www.tltnews247.com/2018/07/31/kano-state-assembly-impeaches-its-speaker/ The Liberty Times™ Nigeria | @TLTNEWS247 Where the world listens to the Nigerian voice!. Retrieved 8 January 2021.</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201126015245/https://dailynigerian.com/kano-assembly-elects-gafasa-speaker/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Nigerian<nowiki/>10 June 2019. Archived from https://dailynigerian.com/kano-assembly-elects-gafasa-speaker/ on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2021.</ref> == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q104722631}} t4dptr7hwj3fr3ik1rk6br1rfgssj2h 7240386 7240385 2026-07-05T18:12:17Z Jidda3711 2577066 7240386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q104722631}} '''Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari''', kra ŋji dinya ndyá sinbiyaingya Engr. Hamisu Ibrahim Chidari, ndgya Mechanical Engineer ba jo ih siyasa ba a darja aga Speaker ŋí [[Wp/mrt/Kano State House of Assembly|Kano State House of Assembly]] or 15 hya kupou sudan fa 2020.<ref>Oluwatosin #TLTOluwatosin, Akintola (31 July 2018).https://www.tltnews247.com/2018/07/31/kano-state-assembly-impeaches-its-speaker/ The Liberty Times™ Nigeria | @TLTNEWS247 Where the world listens to the Nigerian voice!. Retrieved 8 January 2021.</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201126015245/https://dailynigerian.com/kano-assembly-elects-gafasa-speaker/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Nigerian<nowiki/>10 June 2019. Archived from https://dailynigerian.com/kano-assembly-elects-gafasa-speaker/ on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2017/07/photos-kano-state-house-of-assembly.html.html Linda Ikeji's Blog. 3 July 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2021.</ref> == Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca == [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q104722631}} bqpq9rp530idsxxzow6yr8vnkbdhrhb 0 3572534 7240938 7239881 2026-07-06T11:52:18Z SeeKahs2010 2660182 7240938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mfa/Infobox language | name = Kècèk Nnayu | altname = Kècèk Mlayu / Bahaso Mlayu | ethnicity = [[Wp/mfa/Orae Nnayu|Orae Nnayu]] | nativename =Bahasa Melayu<br/>بهاس ملايو<br/>ꤷꥁꤼ ꤸꥍꤾꤿꥈ | states = [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Bruna|Bruna]]<br>[[File:Flag of Timor-Leste.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Timó Lèsté|Timó Lèsté]]<br>[[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Indonèsiya|Indonèsiya]]<br>[[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Melèsiya|Melèsiya]]<br>[[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Singopuro|Singopuro]]<br>[[File:Flag of Thailand.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Siyae Slatae|Siyae Slatae]]<br>[[File:Flag of the Philippines.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Piliping Tegaro|Piliping Tegaro]]<br>[[File:Flag of Christmas Island.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Christmas Island|Christmas Island]]<br>[[File:Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Cocos (Keeling) Islands|Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]<br>[[File:Flag of Myanmar.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Myanma|Myanma]]<br>[[File:Flag of Cambodia.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Kembojo|Kembojo]]<br>[[File:Flag of Vietnam.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Viyaknae|Viyaknae]]<br>[[File:Flag of China.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Chino|Chino]] ([[Wp/mfa/Utsuls|Utsul]]/[[Wp/mfa/Hainan|Hainan]]) | speakers = [[Wp/mfa/First language|L1]]: 90,000,000, perhaps 125,000,000 including local Malay (2020–2023) | date = | ref = | speakers2 = [[Wp/mfa/Second language|L2]]: 180,000,000 (2020) | speakers_label = Speakers | familycolor = Austronesia | fam1 = [[Wp/mfa/Ostronesiya|Ostronesiya]] | fam2 = [[Wp/mfa/Nnayu-Polinesiya languages|Nnayu-Polinesiya]] | fam3 = [[Wp/mfa/Nnayu languages|Nnayu]] | fam4 = | fam5 = | fam6 = | ancestor = [[Wp/mfa/Old Malay|Old Malay]] | ancestor2 = [[Wp/mfa/Classical Malay|Classical Malay]] | ancestor3 = [[Wp/mfa/Pre-Modern Malay|Pre-Modern Malay]] | stand1 = [[Wp/mfa/Indonesian language|Indonesian]] (as {{Wp/mfa/Lang|ms|Bahasa Indonesia}}) | stand2 = [[Wp/mfa/Malaysian Malay|Malaysian Malay]] | script = {{Wp/mfa/Ubl|[[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Rumi|Tulisae Rumi]] ([[Wp/mfa/Sisteng nnulih kècèk Nnayu|Hurók-hurók kècèk Nnayu]])|[[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Arak|Tulisae Arak]] ([[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Jawi|Tulisae Jawi]])<ref>{{Wp/mfa/Cite news|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/8/26/nation/22168989&sec=nation|title=Kedah MB defends use of Jawi on signboards|date=26 August 2008|newspaper=[[Wp/mfa/The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029105406/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F8%2F26%2Fnation%2F22168989&sec=nation|archive-date=29 October 2012}}</ref>|[[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Arak|Tulisae Arak]] ([[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Pegon|Tulisae Pegon]]) (dalae [[Wp/mfa/Indonèsiya|Indonèsiya]])<ref name="Kitabi">Dahlan, H. Abdullah Zaini. Kitabati, Practical Methods for Learning to Read &amp; Write Pegon (Kitabati, Metode Praktis Belajar Membaca &amp; Menulis Pegon). Zaini Press. Accessed April 19, 2023. [https://ia903106.us.archive.org/22/items/etaoin/Kitabati.pdf https://ia903106.us.archive.org/22/items/etaoin/Kitabati.pdf].</ref><ref>{{Wp/mfa/Cite journal |last=Estuningtiyas |first=Retna Dwi |date=2021-05-02 |title=Rijal Dakwah: KH. Abdullah Syafi'ie (1910-1985) |url=https://ejournalpegon.jaringansantri.com/index.php/INC/article/view/45 |journal=The International Journal of Pegon: Islam Nusantara Civilization |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=81–96 |doi=10.51925/inc.v5i01.45 |issn=2621-4946}}</ref>|[[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Siyae|Tulisae Siyae]] (dalae [[Wp/mfa/Siyae|Siyae]])|[[Wp/mfa/International uniformity of braille alphabets#Grade 1 braille|Malay Braille]]<br/> Historically [[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Pallava|Tulisae Pallava]], [[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Kawi|Tulisae Kawi]], [[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Ulu|Tulisae Ulu]], [[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Rejang|Tulisae Rejang]]}} | nation = {{Wp/mfa/Ubl | [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Bruna|Bruna]] | [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Indonèsiya|Indonèsiya]] (as [[Wp/mfa/Indonesian language|Indonesian]]) | [[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Melèsiya|Melèsiya]] | [[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/Singopuro|Singopuro]] | [[File:Flag of UNESCO.svg|25px|border]] [[Wp/mfa/UNESCO|UNESCO]] (as [[Wp/mfa/Indonesian language|Indonesian]])<ref name="UNESCO">{{Wp/mfa/Cite news|url= https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000387388.locale=en|title=Recognition of Bahasa Indonesia as an official language of the General Conference of UNESCO |access-date=2023-11-20|website=unesco.org / document no. 42 C/28|language=en}}</ref> }} | minority = {{Wp/mfa/Ubl | [[Wp/mfa/Indonesia|Indonesia]] (beside the national standard of [[Wp/mfa/Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[Wp/mfa/Malay Indonesians#Language|Local Malay]] enjoys the status of a regional language in [[Wp/mfa/Sumatra|Sumatra]] and [[Wp/mfa/Borneo|Kalimantan]]) | [[Wp/mfa/East Timor|East Timor]] (beside [[Wp/mfa/Dili Malay|Dili Malay]], [[Wp/mfa/Indonesian language|Indonesian]] used as a working language and a trade language with [[Wp/mfa/Indonesia|Indonesia]])<ref name="easttimorgovernment.com">{{Wp/mfa/Cite web|url=http://www.easttimorgovernment.com/languages.htm|title=East Timor Languages|website=East Timor Government|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130633/http://easttimorgovernment.com/languages.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> | [[Wp/mfa/Thailand|Thailand]] (as [[Wp/mfa/Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Wp/mfa/Kedah Malay|Syburi Malay]], and [[Wp/mfa/Bangkok Malay|Bangkok Malay]]) }} | agency = {{Wp/mfa/Ubl | [[Wp/mfa/Language Development and Fostering Agency|Language Development and Fostering Agency]] in Indonesia | [[Wp/mfa/Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|Institute of Language and Literature]] in Malaysia | [[Wp/mfa/Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|Language and Literature Bureau]] in Brunei | Malay Language Council in Singapore | [[Wp/mfa/Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia|MABBIM]] (a trilateral joint venture) }} | iso1 = ms | iso2b = may | iso2t = msa | iso3 = msa | lingua = 31-MFA-a | sign = | glotto = nucl1806 | glottoname = | glottorefname = Nuclear Malayic | pronunciation = {{Wp/mfa/IPA|ms|baˈha.sa məˈla.ju|}} | map = Malay language Spoken Area Map v1.png | mapcaption = Areas where Malay is spoken:{{Wp/mfa/Legend|#0000ff|Indonesia}} {{Wp/mfa/Legend|#00bc00|Malaysia}} {{Wp/mfa/Legend|#76f36b|Singapore and Brunei, where Standard Malay is an official language}} {{Wp/mfa/Legend|#88caff|East Timor, where [[Wp/mfa/Dili Malay|Dili Malay]] is a Malay creole language and Indonesian is used as a working language}} {{Wp/mfa/Legend|#f7f36b|Southern Thailand and the Cocos Isl., where other varieties of Malay are spoken}} | map2 = Malay varieties in Southeast Asia.png | mapcaption2 = Varieties of Malay in Southeast Asia: {{Wp/mfa/Legend|#1e90ff|Malay language as the majority}} {{Wp/mfa/Legend|#87cefa|Malay language as the minority}} {{Wp/mfa/Legend striped|#b200ed|#e4a0f7|[[Wp/mfa/Malay trade and creole languages|Malay-based creole languages]]}} }} '''Kècèk Nnayu''' ([[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Rumi|Tulisae Rumi]]: ''Bahasa Melayu''; [[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Jawi|Tulisae Jawi]]: بهاس ملايو; [[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Rejang|Tulisae Rejang]]: ꤷꥁꤼ ꤸꥍꤾꤿꥈ) atapóng '''Kècèk Mlayu''' atapóng '''Bahaso Mlayu''' ni bahaso hok mmasók dalae [[Wp/mfa/Sèk-sèk bahaso Ostronesiya|sèk-sèk bahaso Ostronesiya]], nyo guno ko [[Wp/mfa/Orae Nnayu|orae Nnayu]] hok dók di [[Wp/mfa/Melèsiya|Melèsiya]], [[Wp/mfa/Bruna|Bruna]] nga [[Wp/mfa/Singopuro|Singopuro]]. == Kkelah == Bahaso ni mmasók dalae [[Wp/mfa/Sèk-sèk bahaso Nnayu|sèk-sèk bahaso Nnayu]], yakni anok kupólae dalae [[Wp/mfa/Sèk-sèk bahaso Ostronesiya|sèk-sèk bahaso Ostronesiya]], sapa ko ado srupo nga bahaso hok laéng, macae [[Wp/mfa/Kècèk Nnayu Teganu|kècèk Nnayu Teganu]] nga [[Wp/mfa/Kècèk Nnayu Klatae-Ttaning|kècèk Nnayu Klatae-Ttaning]]. == Caro nnulih== Bahaso ni skalo ttulih dalae [[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Rumi|tulisae Rumi]], tapi ado jugok nyo tulih dalae [[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Jawi|tulisae Jawi]] nga [[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Siyae|tulisae Siyae]]. == Jumloh jóng gguno bahaso hok asa == Sapa 2024, dalae 82,000,000 orae jugok hok guno bahaso ni. Paléng rama hok guno bahaso ni orae hok dudók [[Wp/mfa/Melèsiya|Melèsiya]]. ==Dèlèk== Kècèk Nnayu buléh ppecoh ko tigo puloh limo dèlèk utamo (nga anok-anok dèlèk hok laéng). ==Cotóh tèks== Bbowoh ni dari pasa 1 '''''Isytiha Hok Asasi Orae Srato''''' hok ttulih dalae kècèk Nnayu, skali nga tejemoh dalae [[Wp/mfa/Kècèk Klatae-Ttaning|kècèk Klatae-Ttaning]]: *'''Kècèk Nnayu''' ** Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan sama rata dari segi maruah dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan. *'''[[Wp/mfa/Kècèk Klatae-Ttaning|Kècèk Klatae-Ttaning]]''' ** Ssemo orae llahé bebah blako dae srupo dari segi rrego diri nga hok-hok. Sek yo buléh mmiké dae ado prasoae ati, pah kenolah ppakak tulóng samo kito dengae smangak besedaro. ==Ruju'ae== {{Wp/mfa/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/mfa]] {{INTERWIKI|Q9237}} p0487chmy1agh8xzoi1gw20aqbjjjfm 0 3573520 7240733 6573179 2026-07-06T08:02:45Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Bayografi|name=Bob Crosby|image=Bob Crosby 1953.JPG|place_of_birth=Spokane, Washington, U.S.|date_of_birth=Ɔgɔst 23, 1913|date_of_death=Mach 9, 1993|place_of_death=San Diego, Kalifɔnia, U.S.|profession=Bandlida, siŋman}} '''George Robert Crosby''' (Ɔgɔst 23, 1913 – Mach 9, 1993) na bin Amɛrikin jaz siŋ-man ɛn band lida, dɛn bin sabi am fɔ in grup di Bob-Cats, we bin fɔm arawnd 1935. Di Bob-Cats na bin wan Nyu Ɔlians Diksiland-stayl jaz ɔktɛt. Na bin di smɔl brɔda fɔ wan bigman we sabi siŋ ɛn aktɔ we nem Bing Crosby. Na TV, Bob Crosby bin bi ges-sta fɔ di fim we dɛn kɔl The Gisele MacKenzie Show. I bin de bak ɔltɛm na di kast mɛmba fɔ di The Jack Benny Program, na ɔl tu di redio ɛn tɛlivishɔn, ɛn i bin tek ova di wok fɔ bi band lida afta Phil Harris bin kɔmɔt. Crosby bin de ɔs in yon aftanun TV vayriet sho na CBS, Di Bob Crosby Show (1953–1957). Crosby bin gɛt tu sta dɛn na di Hollywood Walk of Fame, fɔ tɛlivishɔn ɛn redio. [[Category:Wp/kri]] n3o4apv3gnkv0ednyyo2kg4xu3c9nq5 0 3591245 7240735 6622630 2026-07-06T08:07:42Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Bayografi|name=Federico Gatti|image=Frosinone Calcio - Federico Gatti - MS 1 cut.jpg|date_of_birth=24 Jun 1998|place_of_birth=Rivoli, [[Wp/kri/Italy|Itali]]|profession=Futbɔla}} '''Federico Gatti''' (bɔn 24 Jun 1998) na wan Italian profeshɔnal futbɔla we de ple as sɛnta-bɛk fɔ Serie A klab Juventus ɛn di Itali nashɔnal tim. Insai im yong kariera, Gatti bin ple fo di klab dem Chieri, Torino and Alessandria. Gatti in sinia kariera bigin wit in Febuari 2015, wen im join Promozione tim Pavarolo, we get promoshon to Eccellenza fo di neks sizin. Insay mid-2016, Gatti bin jɔyn Saluzzo bɔt i bin kam bak na Pavarolo siks mɔnt afta dat. Gatti bin de fo Pavarolo te 2018, wen im chenj im posishun from midfilda to difenda fo di las mats fo di sizin. Dɔn i muf go na Verbania, we win di Eccellenza taytul ɛn dɛn promot am to Serie D insay di 2018–19 sizin. Gatti mek im profeshonal debut wit Serie C sait Pro Patria and im join Serie B sait Frosinone di neks yie. Insai Janwari 2022, Gatti join Juventus, we lon am bak to Frosinone te di sizin don. Gatti no bin ripresent Itali fo yong pipul levul, and im win im fes sinia tim kap fo 2022. Tu yiez afta, dem pik am tu fo di UEFA Euro 2024 fainol skwad. [[Category:Wp/kri]] dtan12y1n39cux4fcddnzben7bvsxkb 0 3591290 7240740 6622677 2026-07-06T08:13:15Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Bayografi|name=Luka Sučić|image=SD Negreira - Real Sociedad, Copa do Rei 2025-26 05 - Luka Sucic.jpg|date_of_birth=8 Sɛptɛmba 2002|place_of_birth=Linz, [[Wp/kri/Ɔstria|Ɔstria]]|profession=Futbɔla}} '''Luka Sučić''' (Kroeshian pronɔns: [lûːka sûtʃitɕ]; bɔn 8 Sɛptɛmba 2002) na Kroeshian pɔshɔnal futbɔla we de ple as midfilda fɔ La Liga klab Real Sociedad ɛn di Kroeshi nashɔnal tim. [[Category:Wp/kri]] 8bq3dmfi3sckjvtcvgoa3cyvry4cej3 0 3594365 7240697 6633531 2026-07-06T07:34:23Z Istiklol07 2601906 7240697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/kri/Bayografi|name=Ben Mee|image=Ben Mee (24440984920) (cropped).jpg|caption=Mee we bin de ple fɔ Burnley insay 2016|date_of_birth=21 Sɛptɛmba 1989|place_of_birth=Sale, [[Wp/kri/England|Ingland]]|profession=futbɔla, pandit}} '''Benjamin Thomas Mee''' (bɔn 21 Sɛptɛmba 1989) na Inglish fɔma profeshɔnal futbɔla we bin de ple as sɛnta-bɛk. I bin jɔyn Sky Sports as ges pandit insay di 2025–26 [[Wp/kri/Primia Lig|Primia Lig]] sizin. Wen im stat im kariera wit Manchester City, Mee onli ple wan League Cup mats bifo dem lon am out to Leicester City and Burnley, im join di las wan fo permanent besis fo Januari 2012. Im don ple ova 300 gems fo dem sins den. I dɔn ple bak fɔ di Ingland yɔŋ tim dɛn frɔm ɔnda-19 to ɔnda-21 lɛvɛl. [[Category:Wp/kri]] 1lm1ea3j4v5qehen2wfua4ll3djvfj9 0 3607369 7240915 7218448 2026-07-06T11:28:36Z SeeKahs2010 2660182 /* */ 7240915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mfa/Infobox language | name = Kècèk Arak | altname = Bahaso Arak | nativename = اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ / al-ʿarabiyyah | pronunciation = [al ʕaraˈbijːa] | states = [[Wp/mfa/Duniyo Arak|Duniyo Arak]] | ethnicity = [[Wp/mfa/Orae Arak|Orae Arak]] | speakers = [[Wp/mfa/First language|L1]]: 411,000,000 (2020-2024)<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ara Arabic at Ethnologue (28th ed., 2025)]</ref> | speakers2 = [[Wp/mfa/Second language|L2]]: 70,000,000 (2020-2024)<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ara Arabic at Ethnologue (28th ed., 2025)]</ref> | date = | ref = | familycolor = afro-asiatik | fam1 = [[Wp/mfa/Sèk-sèk bahaso Afro-Asiya|Afro-Asiya]] | fam2 = Samiyah | fam3 = Samiyah Jatóh | ancestor = | ancestor2 = | ancestor3 = | ancestor4 = | ancestor5 = | dia1 = | script = [[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Arak|Tulisae Arak]] | nation = | iso1 = ar | iso2 = ara | iso3 = ara | lingua = 12-AAC | image = Arabic albayancalligraphy.svg | imagescale = 0.7 | imagecaption = "Al-ʿarabiyyah" ddalae Tulisae Arak | imageheader = | map = Arabic speaking world.svg | notice = IPA | sign = | glotto = arab1395 | glottoname = Arabic | glotto2 = | glottorefname = |fam4=Samiyah Tengoh}} '''Kècèk Arak''' ([[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Arak|Tulisae Arak]]: اللغة العربية ,اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ) atapóng '''Bahaso Arak''' ni bahaso hok mmasók dalae [[Wp/mfa/Sèk-sèk bahaso Samiyah|sèk-sèk bahaso Samiyah]], nyo guno ko [[Wp/mfa/Orae Arak|orae Arak]] hok dók di [[Wp/mfa/Duniyo Arak|Duniyo Arak]]. == Kkelah == Bahaso ni mmasók dalae [[Wp/mfa/Sèk-sèk bahaso Samiyah Tengoh|sèk-sèk bahaso Samiyah Tengoh]], yakni anok kupólae dalae [[Wp/mfa/Sèk-sèk bahaso Samiyah|sèk-sèk bahaso Samiyah]], sapa ko ado srupo nga bahaso hok laéng, macae [[Wp/mfa/Kècèk Malta|kècèk Malta]] nga [[Wp/mfa/Kècèk Ibrani|kècèk Ibrani]]. == Caro nnulih == Bahaso ni skalo ttulih dalae [[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Arak|tulisae Arak]]: {{Wp/mfa/Flatlist|indent=1| * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ا|ا]] ʾ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ب|ب]] b}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ت|ت]] t}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ث|ث]] th}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ج|ج]] j}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ح|ح]] ḥ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/خ|خ]] kh}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/د|د]] d}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ذ|ذ]] dh}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ر|ر]] r}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ز|ز]] z}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/س|س]] s}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ش|ش]] sh}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ص|ص]] ṣ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ض|ض]] ḍ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ط|ط]] ṭ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ظ|ظ]] ẓ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ع|ع]] ʻ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/غ|غ]] gh}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ف|ف]] f}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ق|ق]] q}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ك|ك]] k}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ل|ل]] l}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/م|م]] m}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ن|ن]] n}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ه|ه]] h}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/و|و]] w}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ي|ي]] y}} }} == Jumloh jóng gguno bahaso hok asa == Sapa 2024, dalae 411,000,000 orae jugok hok guno bahaso ni. Paléng rama hok guno bahaso ni orae hok dudók [[Wp/mfa/Mesé|Mesé]] nga [[Wp/mfa/Algeriya|Algeriya]]. == Dèlèk == Kècèk Arak buléh ppecoh ko tigo pulóh duwo dèlèk utamo (nga anok-anok dèlèk hok laéng).<ref name="www-01.sil.org">{{Wp/mfa/Cite web|title=Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: ara|url=http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ara|access-date=20 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211429/http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ara|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> == Cotóh tèks == Bbowoh ni dari pasa 1 '''''Isytiha Hok Asasi Orae Srato''''' hok ttulih dalae kècèk Arak, skali nga tejemoh dalae [[Wp/mfa/Kècèk Klatae-Ttaning|kècèk Klatae-Ttaning]]: *'''Kècèk Arak'''<ref>{{Wp/mfa/Cite web |title=OHCHR &#124; Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Arabic (Alarabia) |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/arabic}}</ref> ** يولد جميع الناس أحراراً متساوين في الكرامة والحقوق، وقد وهبوا عقلاً وضميراً وعليهم أن يعامل بعضهم بعضاً بروح الإخاء. *'''[[Wp/mfa/Kècèk Klatae-Ttaning|Kècèk Klatae-Ttaning]]''' ** Ssemo orae llahé bebah blako dae srupo dari segi rrego diri nga hok-hok. Sek yo buléh mmiké dae ado prasoae ati, pah kenolah ppakak tulóng samo kito dengae smangak besedaro. ==Ruju'ae== {{Wp/mfa/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/mfa]] {{INTERWIKI|Q13955}} a2xin1pkh7r04g9sde0ihnvwyk9wx9x 7240916 7240915 2026-07-06T11:30:59Z SeeKahs2010 2660182 /* */ 7240916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mfa/Infobox language | name = Kècèk Arak | altname = Bahaso Arak | nativename = اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ / Al-ʿarabiyyah<br>اللغة العربية / Al-lgha al-ʿrbīa | pronunciation = [al ʕaraˈbijːa] | states = [[Wp/mfa/Duniyo Arak|Duniyo Arak]] | ethnicity = [[Wp/mfa/Orae Arak|Orae Arak]] | speakers = [[Wp/mfa/First language|L1]]: 411,000,000 (2020-2024)<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ara Arabic at Ethnologue (28th ed., 2025)]</ref> | speakers2 = [[Wp/mfa/Second language|L2]]: 70,000,000 (2020-2024)<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ara Arabic at Ethnologue (28th ed., 2025)]</ref> | date = | ref = | familycolor = afro-asiatik | fam1 = [[Wp/mfa/Sèk-sèk bahaso Afro-Asiya|Afro-Asiya]] | fam2 = Samiyah | fam3 = Samiyah Jatóh | ancestor = | ancestor2 = | ancestor3 = | ancestor4 = | ancestor5 = | dia1 = | script = [[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Arak|Tulisae Arak]] | nation = | iso1 = ar | iso2 = ara | iso3 = ara | lingua = 12-AAC | image = Arabic albayancalligraphy.svg | imagescale = 0.7 | imagecaption = "Al-ʿarabiyyah" ddalae Tulisae Arak | imageheader = | map = Arabic speaking world.svg | notice = IPA | sign = | glotto = arab1395 | glottoname = Arabic | glotto2 = | glottorefname = |fam4=Samiyah Tengoh}} '''Kècèk Arak''' ([[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Arak|Tulisae Arak]]: اللغة العربية ,اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ) atapóng '''Bahaso Arak''' ni bahaso hok mmasók dalae [[Wp/mfa/Sèk-sèk bahaso Samiyah|sèk-sèk bahaso Samiyah]], nyo guno ko [[Wp/mfa/Orae Arak|orae Arak]] hok dók di [[Wp/mfa/Duniyo Arak|Duniyo Arak]]. == Kkelah == Bahaso ni mmasók dalae [[Wp/mfa/Sèk-sèk bahaso Samiyah Tengoh|sèk-sèk bahaso Samiyah Tengoh]], yakni anok kupólae dalae [[Wp/mfa/Sèk-sèk bahaso Samiyah|sèk-sèk bahaso Samiyah]], sapa ko ado srupo nga bahaso hok laéng, macae [[Wp/mfa/Kècèk Malta|kècèk Malta]] nga [[Wp/mfa/Kècèk Ibrani|kècèk Ibrani]]. == Caro nnulih == Bahaso ni skalo ttulih dalae [[Wp/mfa/Tulisae Arak|tulisae Arak]]: {{Wp/mfa/Flatlist|indent=1| * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ا|ا]] ʾ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ب|ب]] b}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ت|ت]] t}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ث|ث]] th}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ج|ج]] j}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ح|ح]] ḥ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/خ|خ]] kh}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/د|د]] d}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ذ|ذ]] dh}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ر|ر]] r}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ز|ز]] z}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/س|س]] s}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ش|ش]] sh}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ص|ص]] ṣ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ض|ض]] ḍ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ط|ط]] ṭ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ظ|ظ]] ẓ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ع|ع]] ʻ}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/غ|غ]] gh}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ف|ف]] f}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ق|ق]] q}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ك|ك]] k}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ل|ل]] l}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/م|م]] m}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ن|ن]] n}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ه|ه]] h}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/و|و]] w}} * {{Wp/mfa/Nwr|[[Wp/mfa/ي|ي]] y}} }} == Jumloh jóng gguno bahaso hok asa == Sapa 2024, dalae 411,000,000 orae jugok hok guno bahaso ni. Paléng rama hok guno bahaso ni orae hok dudók [[Wp/mfa/Mesé|Mesé]] nga [[Wp/mfa/Algeriya|Algeriya]]. == Dèlèk == Kècèk Arak buléh ppecoh ko tigo pulóh duwo dèlèk utamo (nga anok-anok dèlèk hok laéng).<ref name="www-01.sil.org">{{Wp/mfa/Cite web|title=Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: ara|url=http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ara|access-date=20 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211429/http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ara|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> == Cotóh tèks == Bbowoh ni dari pasa 1 '''''Isytiha Hok Asasi Orae Srato''''' hok ttulih dalae kècèk Arak, skali nga tejemoh dalae [[Wp/mfa/Kècèk Klatae-Ttaning|kècèk Klatae-Ttaning]]: *'''Kècèk Arak'''<ref>{{Wp/mfa/Cite web |title=OHCHR &#124; Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Arabic (Alarabia) |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/arabic}}</ref> ** يولد جميع الناس أحراراً متساوين في الكرامة والحقوق، وقد وهبوا عقلاً وضميراً وعليهم أن يعامل بعضهم بعضاً بروح الإخاء. *'''[[Wp/mfa/Kècèk Klatae-Ttaning|Kècèk Klatae-Ttaning]]''' ** Ssemo orae llahé bebah blako dae srupo dari segi rrego diri nga hok-hok. Sek yo buléh mmiké dae ado prasoae ati, pah kenolah ppakak tulóng samo kito dengae smangak besedaro. ==Ruju'ae== {{Wp/mfa/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/mfa]] {{INTERWIKI|Q13955}} km98faftayvepmft33yzas8lg3xotb3 0 3612745 7240380 6706929 2026-07-05T17:57:55Z CHENG REX 2607725 /* */ 7240380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q667}} '''Batin''' a se gwining e ji kwong binas. Kwong womo wase be Batin ku wa. Be tong tang e a tâ [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q667}} g7sym7km0r0kkniv5umqiahhixuw9cq 7240381 7240380 2026-07-05T18:00:12Z CHENG REX 2607725 /* */ 7240381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q667}} '''Batin''' a se gwining e ji kwong binas. Kwong womo wase be Batin ku wa. A vok nu yi kwong batoh. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q667}} iiyms6mrq6he6a7324srz5nqfi65718 0 3613130 7240382 7226171 2026-07-05T18:01:29Z CHENG REX 2607725 /* */ 7240382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/bom/Databox|item=Q7560}} '''Ngwɔ''' kɛ '''neng-gwɔ''', á sè hwong da à tɔ hwêy kɛ a vɔk nèy. Ase nereý de ba nong hwa yaga nshey me ke nerey e pomo. [[Category:Wp/bom]] [[Category:Wp/bom/Berom Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7560}} 411u7yndjx1g38vahpori60qstttypr 0 3614415 7240411 6718877 2026-07-05T18:50:42Z Aliyu27 2608597 7240411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q73352661}} '''Molly Germaine Prempeh''' (ndgya fa 1947) is a [[Wp/mrt/Seychelles|Seychelles]]-born [[Wp/mrt/Ghanaian|Ghanaian]] princess. She is the daughter of [[Wp/mrt/Princess Hugette|Princess Hugette]] and the great-granddaughter of [[Wp/mrt/Prempeh I|Prempeh I]], who was banished together with his family in 1900 by the British. In 2015, she was known to have visited the Seychelles to reconnect with members of her family, after being absent for about 60 years from her bi ==Ndərər ɗəŋgá/sagida nca== [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q73352661}} 13q397j726w7uu3403ayus92kbe4jse 0 3631851 7240765 6819728 2026-07-06T09:05:41Z Soy20 2653919 7240765 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:RP-C3908 (8 Oct 2024).jpg|thumb|Cebu Pacific Airbus A330-900]] Ang '''Cebu Air, Inc.''', mas kilala nga '''Cebu Pacific''' (ginasulat sa diotay nga mga letra), isa ka Pilipino nga barato nga airline nga nakabasae sa dakbanwa sang [[Wp/hil/Pasay|Pasay]], [[Wp/hil/Metro Manila|Metro Manila]]. Gintukod sang 1988, ang kompanya ang pinakauna nga barato nga airline sa Asya kag amo man ang pinakadako base sa kadakuon sang armada.<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite web|date=August 25, 2018|title=Cebu Pacific Air SWOT: Asia's first LCC, Philippines market leader|url=https://centreforaviation.com/analysis/reports/cebu-pacific-air-swotasias-first-lcc-philippines-market-leader-432925|website=Center for Aviation|language=en}}</ref>. Nagatanyag ini sang mga naka-schedule nga flight sa parehas nga domestiko kag internasyonal nga mga destinasyon. Ang airline may ara nga mga flight gikan sa lima ka bases sa [[Wp/hil/Mactan–Cebu International Airport|Cebu]], [[Wp/hil/Clark International Airport|Clark]], [[Wp/hil/Francisco Bangoy International Airport|Davao]], [[Wp/hil/Iloilo International Airport|Iloilo]], kag ang pinakadako sini nga base sa [[Wp/hil/Ninoy Aquino International Airport|Manila]]. == Mga pangguwa nga kawad == {{Wp/hil/Commons category-inline|Cebu Pacific}} *[https://www.cebupacificair.com Opisyal nga website] *[https://www.cebgetaways.com Official holidays website] {{Wp/hil/Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123161749/https://www.cebgetaways.com/ |date=November 23, 2020 }} ==Ginkuhaan== [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q995151}} 51qkzjdyekztzgaip2clv3cn3h2pl3m 0 3660509 7240835 6891501 2026-07-06T10:12:48Z Manaf205 2595279 7240835 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nokuzola Ndonge'''ni yar Afirka ce ta Afirka ta Kudu, ANC ANC a majalisa ta larabci (NCop) tun shekarar 2019. Ita ce ential bulala ga wakilin Capop na Gabas. Kafin zaben ta ga NCOP a shekarar 2019, Ndongeni memba memba memba ce a Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa; An fara zabe ta majalisar dokoki a cikin zaben na shekarar 2014, a matsayin na 17 ga Jerin jam'iyyar jam'iyyar ta Gabatarwa na kasashen gabashin Capenner ta gabashin Cape. == Zantuka == * Don Allah jami'ai sun tabbatar da cewa duk goyon bayan da sashen tsarin mulki ke da alhakin samar da, an ba da iyayen yara da ba ku aikata abin da ya kamata ka yi ba. " * [1] * Kodayake jigilar yara har yanzu ƙalubale ne, amma wakilai sun ji sashen da aka fara samar da sufuri ga yara waɗanda suka yi nisa da makarantu. * [2] * Makaranta Makaranta kuma membobin kungiyar gwamnatocin Makaranta a suma sun koka game da rashin nasarar ruwa a makarantu, kalubale da suka ce na tarihi kuma sun rasa fata a kan sashen da zai taba warware shi. [3] Shugabannin makarantu da mambobin kwamitocin gudanarwar makarantu ma sun koka kan rashin samun ruwa a makarantu. Sun ce wannan matsala ta daɗe tana faruwa, kuma sun riga sun rasa fata cewa ma'aikatar za ta taɓa magance ta. == Hanyoyin waje na waje == [[:en:Nokuzola_Ndongeni|https://NokuzolaNdongeni]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47529654}} ijdp5nxk3eqzdp01xa7qez2xjmgv2kk 14 3670320 7240689 7236718 2026-07-06T07:05:59Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240689 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် ဘာသာစကား]] [[Category:Wt/rki/Templates]] {{INTERWIKI|Q140446819}} qcna7o3l8nnfgwth328g2g15ogk8gpd 10 3670322 7240734 7239931 2026-07-06T08:04:59Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240734 wikitext text/x-wiki ''ဝါသဝ,သုတေသီနတ်မြစ်-အသျှင်, "ရခိုင်ဝေါဟာရအဘိဓာန်ကျမ်း" '',''(ရခိုင်တိုင်းရင်းသားရေးရာဝန်ကြီးဌာန-ရန်ကုန်တိုင်းဒေသကြီးအစိုးရအဖွဲ့), ၂၀၁၈ ခုနှစ်)''။ [https://themognationwiki.data.blog/2022/01/05/263-a-dictionary-of-arakanese-language]။ <includeonly> [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင်ဝေါဟာရအဘိဓာန်ကျမ်း(ဝါသဝ)မာပါဝင်ရေ ဝေါဟာရတိ]] </includeonly> <noinclude> [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင်ကိုးကားတမ်းပလိတ်တိ|MED]] {{INTERWIKI|Q140446980}} </noinclude> cto19n6mx2ojyur4ftygchlu0ap7yj8 10 3670795 7240737 6928127 2026-07-06T08:09:27Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q5617482]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240737 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>[[Special:BookSources/{{{1}}}|→ISBN]]{{#invoke:wt/rki/check isxn|check_isbn|{{{1}}}|error=&nbsp;<span class="error" style="font-size:88%">Invalid&nbsp;ISBN</span> [[Category:wp/rki/Pages with ISBN errors]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{wt/rki/documentation}} </noinclude> [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင်ကိုးကားတမ်းပလိတ်တိ]]<noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q5617482}} </noinclude> 09muijjugigpc2mimfl4pg5p13fnmti 10 3670803 7240738 6928133 2026-07-06T08:10:17Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q6961141]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240738 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/{{{1}}} →ISSN]{{#invoke:wt/rki/check isxn|check_issn|{{{1}}}|error=&nbsp;<span class="error" style="font-size:88%">Invalid&nbsp;ISSN</span>[[Category:wt/rki/Pages with ISSN errors]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{wt/rki/documentation}}</noinclude> [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင်ကိုးကားတမ်းပလိတ်တိ]]<noinclude> {{INTERWIKI|Q6961141}} </noinclude> hpy8sewd9u4m9hb20msr9kbxhzlin97 0 3685279 7240344 7008282 2026-07-05T16:16:30Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 /* Bahaso Jambi */ 7240344 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/jax/lang|jax}} == {{Wt/jax/head|jax}} {{Wt/jax/-adj-|jax}} # gawe baseng; [[Wt/jax/ganggu|ganggu]] orang bae #: ''ay kau ko sibuk be'' b9yyb01o6c89eyrenl0xnncma73rlyj 7240345 7240344 2026-07-05T16:16:54Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 7240345 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/jax/lang|jax}} == {{Wt/jax/head|jax}} {{Wt/jax/-adj-|jax}} # gawe baseng; [[Wt/jax/ganggu|ganggu]] orang bae #: ''ay kau ko sibuk be'' == {{Wt/jax/lang|id}} == {{Wt/jax/head|id}} {{Wt/jax/-adj-|id}} # fswaiooh0ldr08aq73wd2xbc9s9rrgr 7240347 7240345 2026-07-05T16:17:29Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 /* Bahaso Indonesia */ 7240347 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/jax/lang|jax}} == {{Wt/jax/head|jax}} {{Wt/jax/-adj-|jax}} # gawe baseng; [[Wt/jax/ganggu|ganggu]] orang bae #: ''ay kau ko sibuk be'' == {{Wt/jax/lang|id}} == {{Wt/jax/head|id}} {{Wt/jax/-adj-|id}} # [[Wt/jax/kabut|kabut]] 7z00mfyx2cg5stw0hkk0qq1f65xsj6i 7240356 7240347 2026-07-05T16:24:58Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 7240356 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/jax/lang|jax}} == {{Wt/jax/head|jax}} {{Wt/jax/-adj-|jax}} # gawe baseng; [[Wt/jax/ganggu|ganggu]] orang bae #: ''ay kau ko sibuk be'' == {{Wt/jax/lang|id}} == {{Wt/jax/head|id}} {{Wt/jax/-adj-|id}} # {{Wt/jax/link|jax|kabut|num=2}} da7d4fjr07upykb7otrbyt9jw0c4mfp 14 3685694 7240150 6972569 2026-07-05T12:36:50Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Betawi]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240150 wikitext text/x-wiki . [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Betawi]] t5oq7j1kpuedikxas3258su30gsq4f0 7240151 7240150 2026-07-05T12:37:07Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax/Lema bedasarkan bahaso]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240151 wikitext text/x-wiki . [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Betawi]] [[Category:Wt/jax/Lema bedasarkan bahaso]] k5t1j4koc97vxj9cugtq39p071kz9t0 14 3685696 7240354 6972573 2026-07-05T16:23:28Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Betawi]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240354 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Betawi]] tkxmq7bo5fr0s5ma1jgcvqr6az3m8u3 3 3685961 7240468 6973000 2026-07-05T21:12:58Z AccountVanishRequests 2599192 AccountVanishRequests moved page [[User talk:WinterMaineCoon]] to [[User talk:Renamed user e07f85324084e60d39d37eecfbd7fda7]] without leaving a redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/WinterMaineCoon|WinterMaineCoon]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user e07f85324084e60d39d37eecfbd7fda7|Renamed user e07f85324084e60d39d37eecfbd7fda7]]" 6973000 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 03:59, 8 January 2026 (UTC) 1go0b5pynl1d54jhkvmmjkees30zao4 0 3686383 7240651 7193977 2026-07-06T05:11:19Z Soy20 2653919 7240651 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''Barangay Beatles''' isa ka bansag para sa isa ka eskinita nga ginahingalanan Kusang Loob (buot silingon, "boluntaryo") <small>(nga ang makasaysayan nga ngalan amo ang ''Calle Negros'')</small> nga nahamtang sa distrito sang [[Wp/hil/Santa Cruz, Manila|Santa Cruz, Manila]] sa Pilipinas. Ini nga eskinita pinasahi bangud nagaserbe lamang ini nga shortcut para sa mga nagalakat kag mga traysikol, nga may mga gawang nga ginbutang sa tagsa ka punta nga ginabuksan sing estrikto sa gintalana nga mga oras sang adlaw. Ang shortcut sang Barangay Beatles nagaagi sa duha ka magkatupad nga mga templo sang mga ''Taoist'', nga ginhingalanan ''Kiu Siao'' kag ''Liu Siao'' sang Fil-Sino Taoist Movement, halin sa gawang sini sa Lope de Vega Street sa isa ka punta, pakadto sa ikaduha nga gawang sini sa ''Kalye Valeriano Fugoso'' <small>(makasaysayan nga ngalan: Calle Zurbaran)</small> sa pihak nga punta sa diin ang mga dingding gindrowing kag ginpintahan sang mga dekorasyon sang [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museo_Beatles.2.JPG '''Beatles'''] sang gin-commission nga mga empleyado sang barangay didto.<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Kusang+Loob+St+%26+Lope+de+Vega+St,+Santa+Cruz,+Manila|title=Kusang Loob St. |publisher=Google Maps}}</ref> [[File:Philippine Kiu Siao Grand Taoist Temple 12.jpg|thumb|Philippine Kiu Siao Grand Taoist Temple]] [[File:Beatles Wall Art.jpg| thumb|Barangay Beatles street art]] Ang nomenklatura sang Barangay Beatles nangin kabahin sang mas malapad nga pag-uso sa tunga sang mga lokal sa [[Wp/hil/Metro Manila|Metro Manila]] sa pagdala sang musika sang Beatles sa adlaw-adlaw nga pagkabuhi sa syudad, kag nagtinguha sa pag-amot sang isa ka takus nga selebrasyon sa pangkalibutanon nga ekosistema sang Beatles. ''Mga coordinates'': '''14°36'28"N 120°58'47"E''' <ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite web|url=https://wikimapia.org/21077562/Barangay-330-Zone-33|title=Barangay 330 Zone 33 |Publisher=Wikimapia}}</ref> == Arte sa Kalye == <gallery> File:KUSANG LOOB ST Barangay Beatles Manila STREET ART 1.jpg|Barangay Beatles, Manila (arte sa kalye) File:KUSANG LOOB ST Barangay Beatles Manila STREET ART 2.jpg|Barangay Beatles, Manila (arte sa kalye) File:KUSANG LOOB ST Barangay Beatles Manila STREET ART 3.jpg|Barangay Beatles, Manila (arte sa kalye) File:KUSANG LOOB ST Barangay Beatles Manila STREET ART 4.jpg|Barangay Beatles, Manila (arte sa kalye) File:KUSANG LOOB ST Barangay Beatles Manila STREET ART 5.jpg|Barangay Beatles, Manila (arte sa kalye) File:KUSANG LOOB ST Barangay Beatles Manila STREET ART 6.jpg|Barangay Beatles, Manila (arte sa kalye) </gallery> == Paano makalab-ot == Ang masunod nga Manila transit lines may mga ruta nga nagaagi malapit sa Barangay Beatles:<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite web|url= https://moovitapp.com/index/en/public_transit-Barangay_Beatles-Manila-site_84803724-1022|title=Paano makakadto sa Barangay Beatles sa Manila sakay sa bus ukon tren?|publisher=Moovitapp}}</ref> {| class="wikitable"|| ! width="700px" | Mga estasyon sang tren sa Manila, malapit sa Barangay Beatles<br> |- | <small> * Bambang LRT — '''1252''' metros ang kalayuon, ''' — 17''' minutos nga paglakat.<br> * Recto LRT — '''1479''' metros ang kalayuon, ''' — 20''' minutos nga paglakat.<br> * Tutuban PNR — '''1782''' metros ang kalayuon, ''' — 23''' minutos nga paglakat.<br> </small> |- ! width="700px" | Ruta sang bus kag jeep sa Manila, malapit sa Barangay Beatles<br> |- | <small> * Kanto sang Valariano Fugoso / S. Reyes, Maynila ''' — 41''' metros ang kalayuon, ''' — 1''' minutos nga paglakat. * Kanto sang Teodora Alonzo / Valariano Fugoso, Maynila ''' — 77''' metros ang kalayuon, ''' — 2''' minutos nga paglakat. * Kanto sang T. Mapua / V. Fugoso, Maynila ''' — 108''' metros ang kalayuon, ''' — 2''' minutos nga paglakat. * Kanto sang Mayhaligue / S. Reyes, Maynila ''' — 147''' metros ang kalayuon, ''' — 3''' minutos nga paglakat. * Kanto sang T. Mapua / Doreteo Jose, Maynila ''' — 311''' metros ang kalayuon, ''' — 5''' minutos nga paglakat. * Kanto sang Lope De Vega / Oroquieta, Maynila ''' — 389''' metros ang kalayuon, ''' — 6''' minutos nga paglakat. </small> |- |} == Mga link pagwa == [https://www.penguin.sg/book/you-wont-see-me/ ''David Guerrero, Penguin Books'' ]] <br> [https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/96852-ely-buendia-ringo-starr-postcards-from-paradise/ ''Ely Buendia, Rappler.com'' ] <br> [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3ct2zvk ''BBC News'' ] <br> == Ginkuhaan == {{Wp/hil/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q137735182}} l44pc3newn0kdq7kscfgjne79nv8x25 0 3698535 7240794 7004268 2026-07-06T09:46:15Z Soy20 2653919 7240794 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="border:1px solid #aaa; border-collapse:collapse; padding:5px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:300px;" |colspan="2" style="background: #cedeff; text-align:center; font-size: 130%;" | <b>WEST PHILIPPINE SEA</b> |- | colspan="2" style="padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; text-align:center; font-size: 80%;" | [[File:West Philippine Sea.svg|frameless|center|upright=1]]<span style="line-height:1;"> Gibana-bana nga dapit nga katumbas sa opisyal nga kasangkaron sa West Philippine Sea. </span> |- | colspan="2" style="padding:0; text-align:center;" | [[File:Philippines relief location map (Luzon).svg|frameless|center|upright=1]] |- ! style="padding:6px; font-size: 90%;" |Koordinasyon | style="padding:6px; font-size: 90%;" | {{{coord|[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=West_Philippine_Sea&params=13_N_118_E_type:waterbody_scale:10000000 13°N 118°E]}}} |- ! style="padding:6px; vertical-align: top; font-size: 90%;" |Etimolohiya | style="padding:6px; font-size: 90%;" |{{{etymology|Pagkatapos sang Pilipinas (ngalan nga opisyal nga gin-adoptar sang gobyerno sang Pilipinas sang Septyembre 5, 2012 suno sa Administrative Order No. 29.)}}} |- ! style="padding:6px; vertical-align: top; font-size: 90%;" |Kabahin sang | style="padding:6px; font-size: 90%;" |{{{partof|''South China Sea'' (gin-angkon sang Pilipinas nga EEZ lamang)}}} |- ! style="padding:6px; vertical-align: top; font-size: 90%;" |Mga isla | style="padding:6px; font-size: 90%;" |{{{islands|''Scarborough Shoal'' kag ''Spratly Islands'' (ginabaisan nga mga teritoryo)}}} |} Ang '''Dagat Kanluran sang Pilipinas''' (kilala bilang ''West Philippine Sea'', dagat nakatundan nga bahin sang Pilipinas)<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite web |title=Senate Bill No. 405, 19th Congress|url=https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/3816634606!.pdf |publisher=Ika-19 nga Kongreso sang Pilipinas|access-date=27 August 2024 |language= |date=July 2022}}</ref> ginpalip-ot nga WPS, amo ang opisyal nga pagngalan sang gobyerno sang Republika sang Pilipinas sa isa ka 200 nautical mile zone sang tubig nga nagahalin sa baybayon sang pungsod, nga ginatawag ''Philippine Exclusive Economic Zone'' (EEZ). Ang sona nabase sa ''United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea'' (UNCLOS) nga nagahatag sa pungsod sang soberanya sang iya "''maritime area''" lakip ang mga kinamatarong sa iya kaugalingon nga dunang manggad. Opisyal nga ginmando sang gobyerno sang Pilipinas ang paggamit sang West Philippine Sea sang 2012. Ang isa ka maritime area nagapatuhoy sa dagat kag mga espasyo sa kadagatan nga ginadumalahan sang internasyonal nga kasuguan, nga nagahatag kahulugan sang mga kinamatarong kag hurisdiksyon sang isa ka estado sa baybayon, nga nagalakip sang mga sona pareho sang internal nga tubig, teritoryal nga dagat (tubtob 12 nm), nagasumpay nga mga sona, kag mga lugar sang tubig sa baybayon kag sa idalom sang dagat sa sulod sang isa ka pat-od nga distansya sang baybayon sang isa ka pungsod, nga sa diin ang pungsod nagaangkon sang eksklusibo nga mga kinamatarong para sa pagpangisda, pag-drill, kag iban pa nga mga hilikuton sa ekonomiya (EEZ, tubtob 200 nm). <gallery mode="packed" widths="350" heights="350" class="Align, center"> File:A coastline view of Morong.jpg | </gallery> == Ginkuhaan == {{Wp/hil/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/hil/Pilipinas]] [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3306193}} s9xcr831d63ic2o7blsqxjme8e8m4kf 14 3699683 7240330 7239690 2026-07-05T16:10:17Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax/Lema bedasarkan bahaso]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240330 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:Lema bahaso [[Wt/jax/Jawo|Jawo]] [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Jawo]] [[Category:Wt/jax/Lema bedasarkan bahaso]] ohgj0usoikl5k9cc5lwead1vcls7uyr 14 3699838 7240641 7236704 2026-07-06T05:00:33Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q32541884]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240641 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q32541884}} mfvsls182t9rorb5fzgbnzqewk8vlxs 7240650 7240641 2026-07-06T05:11:00Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240650 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q140446381}} 7kzo946fxddzcmewbnw74ltszfm4y6v 14 3699841 7240638 7236705 2026-07-06T04:56:13Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q24905]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240638 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q24905}} jejvwscv61z2n8pmrshehcthoscmiko 7240640 7240638 2026-07-06T04:59:04Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240640 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q32856363}} gbdggh8y7keelrtftx1gze3lw2nzgi6 7240646 7240640 2026-07-06T05:04:41Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240646 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q110586326}} dc1gc5wb9xgpmwscunj4pu5n49wnb07 14 3699842 7240649 7236706 2026-07-06T05:06:43Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q117222494]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240649 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q117222494}} ey1skht1cvrb983af3kw8skmgglm58x 828 3701862 7240850 7014431 2026-07-06T10:20:13Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240850 Scribunto text/plain local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local codepoint = m_str_utils.codepoint local concat = table.concat local explode_chars = require("Module:Wt/mnc/Hani").explode_chars local find = m_str_utils.find local format = string.format local gmatch = m_str_utils.gmatch local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local insert = table.insert local ipairs = ipairs local match = m_str_utils.match local pairs = pairs local split = m_str_utils.split local gsplit = m_str_utils.gsplit local export = {} local hanzi = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts").getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters() local bopomofo = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts").getByCode("Bopo"):getCharacters() local langname = { ["cdo"] = "Eastern Min", ["cjy"] = "Jin", ["cpx"] = "Puxian Min", ["cmn"] = "Mandarin", ["csp"] = "Southern Pinghua", ["dng"] = "Dungan", ["gan"] = "Gan", ["hak"] = "Hakka", ["hsn"] = "Xiang", ["hsn-lou"] = "Xiang", ["hsn-hya"] = "Xiang", ["luh"] = "Leizhou Min", ["mnp"] = "Northern Min", ["nan-hbl"] = "Hokkien", ["nan-tws"] = "Teochew", ["wuu"] = "Wu", ["wuu-jih"] = "Wu", ["yue"] = "Cantonese", ["zhx-sic"] = "Sichuanese", ["zhx-tai"] = "Taishanese", } local langname_abbr = { ["m"] = "alban -i", ["m-s"] = "sy cuwan", ["m-x"] = "Mandarin", ["m-nj"] = "Mandarin", ["dg"] = "gunggan", ["c"] = "guwangdung", ["c-dg"] = "guwangdung", ["c-t"] = "toi san", ["c-yj"] = "guwangdung", ["g"] = "gan", ["h"] = "hakka", ["j"] = "jin", ["mb"] = "amargi min", ["mc"] = "Middle Chinese", ["md"] = "min dung", ["mn"] = "fugiyan", ["mn-t"] = "Teochew", ["mn-l"] = "Leizhou Min", ["oc"] = "Old Chinese", ["px"] = "Puxian Min", ["sp"] = "Southern Pinghua", ["w"] = "u", ["w-j"] = "u", ["x"] = "Xiang", ["x-l"] = "Loudi Xiang", ["x-h"] = "Hengyang Xiang", } local pos_aliases_cat = { ["n"] = "nouns", ["noun"] = "nouns", ["pn"] = "proper nouns", ["propn"] = "proper nouns", ["proper"] = "proper nouns", ["proper noun"] = "proper nouns", ["pron"] = "pronouns", ["pronoun"] = "pronouns", ["v"] = "verbs", ["verb"] = "verbs", ["a"] = "adjectives", ["adj"] = "adjectives", ["adjective"] = "adjectives", ["adv"] = "adverbs", ["adverb"] = "adverbs", ["prep"] = "prepositions", ["pre"] = "prepositions", ["postp"] = "postpositions", ["post"] = "postpositions", ["con"] = "conjunctions", ["conj"] = "conjunctions", ["conjunction"] = "conjunctions", ["part"] = "particles", ["particle"] = "particles", ["pref"] = "prefixes", ["prefix"] = "prefixes", ["suf"] = "suffixes", ["suffix"] = "suffixes", ["infix"] = "infixes", ["prov"] = "proverbs", ["proverb"] = "proverbs", ["id"] = "idioms", ["idiom"] = "idioms", ["ch"] = "chengyu", ["cy"] = "chengyu", ["4ci"] = "chengyu", ["ph"] = "phrases", ["phrase"] = "phrases", ["int"] = "interjections", ["intj"] = "interjections", ["interj"] = "interjections", ["interjection"] = "interjections", ["cl"] = "classifiers", ["cls"] = "classifiers", ["classifier"] = "classifiers", ["num"] = "numerals", ["numeral"] = "numerals", ["abb"] = "abbreviations", ["abbreviation"] = "abbreviations", ["det"] = "determiners", ["deter"] = "determiners", ["determiner"] = "determiners", ["syl"] = "syllables", ["syll"] = "syllables", ["syllable"] = "syllables", } local function make_note(text) if find(text, ": ") then text = "\n*" .. gsub(gsub(text, "\n", ".\n*"), "([:;]) ", "%1\n**") elseif find(text, "; ") then text = "\n*" .. gsub(text, "; ", ";\n*") end text = gsub(text, "“([^”]+)”", function (a) return "“" .. gsub(a, ";\n%*+", "; ") .. "”" end) -- fix bug about indentation levels (see https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?oldid=78848651) local last_level = ("\n"..text):match("\n(%**)[^*\n][^\n]*$") local append = last_level:gsub("%*","<ul>") return "\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-forestgreen, #235923); padding: 4px; margin: 8px; background: var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0); font-size: 85%\">'''Note''': " .. text .. ".</div>" .. append end local function ipa_format(text) local numbers = { ["1"]="¹",["2"]="²",["3"]="³",["4"]="⁴",["5"]="⁵",["0"]="⁰",["-"]="⁻",["/"]="/, /" } return gsub(text,"[0-5%-/]",numbers) end local function Consolas(text) return '<span class="zhpron-monospace">' .. text .. "</span>" end local function format_IPA(text) return '<span class="IPA">' .. text .. "</span>" end function export.make(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local params = { pagename = {}, namespace = {}, dial = {}, mc = {}, oc = {}, cat = {}, only_cat = {type = "boolean"}, poj_form_zh_see = {type = "boolean"}, } for abbr, _ in pairs(langname_abbr) do params[abbr] = {} params[abbr .. "a"] = {list = true} params[abbr .. "_note"] = {} end local args = require("Module:Wt/mnc/parameters").process(parent_args, params, nil, "zh-pron", "make") local pagename = args.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename local sortkey = (require("Module:Wt/mnc/Hani-sortkey").makeSortKey(pagename)) local is_single_hanzi = find(pagename, "^[" .. hanzi .. "]$") ~= nil local namespace = args.namespace or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText local m_rom = args["m"] local m_s_rom = args["m-s"] local m_x_rom = args["m-x"] local m_nj_rom = args["m-nj"] local dg_rom = args["dg"] local c_rom = args["c"] local c_dg_rom = args["c-dg"] local c_t_rom = args["c-t"] local c_yj_rom = args["c-yj"] local g_rom = args["g"] local h_rom = args["h"] local j_rom = args["j"] local mb_rom = args["mb"] local md_rom = args["md"] local mn_rom = args["mn"] local mn_l_rom = args["mn-l"] local mn_t_rom = args["mn-t"] local px_rom = args["px"] local sp_rom = args["sp"] local w_rom = args["w"] local w_j_rom = args["w-j"] local x_rom = args["x"] local x_l_rom = args["x-l"] local x_h_rom = args["x-h"] local m_audio = args["ma"] local m_s_audio = args["m-sa"] local m_x_audio = args["m-xa"] local m_nj_audio = args["m-nja"] local dg_audio = args["dga"] local c_audio = args["ca"] local c_dg_audio = args["c-dga"] local c_t_audio = args["c-ta"] local c_yj_audio = args["c-yja"] local g_audio = args["ga"] local h_audio = args["ha"] local j_audio = args["ja"] local mb_audio = args["mba"] local md_audio = args["mda"] local mn_audio = args["mna"] local mn_l_audio = args["mn-la"] local mn_t_audio = args["mn-ta"] local px_audio = args["pxa"] local sp_audio = args["spa"] local w_audio = args["wa"] local w_j_audio = args["w-ja"] local x_audio = args["xa"] local x_l_audio = args["x-la"] local x_h_audio = args["x-ha"] local dial = args["dial"] local mc = args["mc"] local oc = args["oc"] local only_cat = args["only_cat"] -- True if arguments exist for the specified variety, using a language param abbreviation. local function has_var(var) return args[var] or #args[var .. "a"] > 0 end local function add_audio(text, audios, lang, show) -- This function has side effects for _, audio in ipairs(audios) do if audio == "y" then audio = format("%s-%s.ogg", lang, pagename) end insert(text, "\n*" .. (show and "::" or "**") .. " [[File:") insert(text, audio) insert(text, "]]") end if #audios > 0 then insert(text, "[[Category:") insert(text, langname[lang]) insert(text, " terms with audio pronunciation|" .. sortkey .. "]]") end end local function add_audio_show(text, audios, lang) add_audio(text, audios, lang, "show") end local text = {} --the pronunciation table if not only_cat then --The whole table consists of 4 parts --"textShow" contains Part 1, 3 and 4 local textShow = {'<div class="standard-box zhpron" style="overflow:auto; max-width:500px; font-size:100%">'} --"textHide" is Part 2 local textHide = {} local function show(txt) insert(textShow, txt) end local function hide(txt) insert(textHide, txt) end local function hide_note(var) local note = args[var .. "_note"] if note then hide(make_note(note)) end end show('<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations">') --Part 1 and 2, "Pronunciation" and "Pronunciation expressed in different romanizations" if m_rom or m_s_rom or m_x_rom or m_nj_rom or dg_rom then show("\n* [[w:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]") end if has_var("m") then local m_args = {} local m_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron") if m_rom then local str_analysis = m_pron.str_analysis local other_m_vars = has_var("m-s") or has_var("m-x") or has_var("m-nj") or has_var("dg") show("\n" .. str_analysis(m_rom, "head", other_m_vars)) m_args[1] = str_analysis(m_rom, "") for i = 2, 5 do m_args[i] = str_analysis(m_rom, tostring(i)) end local m_args_params_prefixed_with_1 = {"n", "na", "nb", "nc", "nd"} for _, base in ipairs(m_args_params_prefixed_with_1) do for i = 1, 5 do local param = tostring(i) .. base m_args[param] = str_analysis(m_rom, param) end end local m_args_params = {"py", "cap", "tl", "tl2", "tl3", "a", "audio", "er", "ertl", "ertl2", "ertl3", "era", "eraudio"} for _, base in ipairs(m_args_params) do m_args[base] = str_analysis(m_rom, base) for i = 2, 5 do local param = tostring(i) .. base m_args[param] = str_analysis(m_rom, param) end end end for i, audio in ipairs(m_audio) do local ind = i == 1 and "" or tostring(i) m_args[ind .. "a"] = audio end show(m_pron.make_audio(m_args)) hide(m_pron.make_args(m_args)) hide_note("m") end if (not m_rom) and (m_s_rom or m_x_rom or m_nj_rom or dg_rom) then hide("\n* [[w:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]") end if has_var("m-s") then local m_s_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zhx-sic-pron") local m_s_processed = gsub(m_s_rom:gsub("/", " / "), "([%d-])([%a])", "%1 %2") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") if m_s_rom then show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Sichuanese dialect|Chengdu]], [[w:Sichuanese Pinyin|Sichuanese Pinyin]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(m_s_processed)) end add_audio_show(textShow, m_s_audio, "zhx-sic") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Chengdu|Chengdu]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Sichuanese Pinyin|Sichuanese Pinyin]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_s_processed)) local xinwenz = m_s_pron.convert(m_s_rom, "SWZ") if xinwenz then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:zh:四川话拉丁化新文字|Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_s_pron.convert(m_s_rom, "SWZ"))) end hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:成都话|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(m_s_pron.convert(m_s_rom, "IPA"))) hide_note("m-s") end if has_var("m-x") then local m_x_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron-Xian") local m_x_display, m_x_hidden, m_x_ipa = m_x_pron.py_process(m_x_rom) show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Guanzhong dialect|Xi'an]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xi'an|Guanzhong Pinyin]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(m_x_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, m_x_audio, "cmn") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Xi'an|Xi'an]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xi'an|Guanzhong Pinyin]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_x_hidden)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Guanzhong dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(m_x_ipa)) hide_note("m-x") end if has_var("m-nj") then local m_nj_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron-Nanjing") local m_nj_display, m_nj_hidden, m_nj_num, m_nj_ipa = m_nj_pron.py_process(m_nj_rom) show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Nanjing dialect|Nanjing]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Nanjing|Nanjing Pinyin]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(m_nj_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, m_nj_audio, "cmn") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Nanjing|Nanjing]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Nanjing|Nanjing Pinyin]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_nj_hidden)) hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Nanjing|Nanjing Pinyin]] (numbered)</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_nj_num)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Nanjing dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(m_nj_ipa)) hide_note("m-nj") end if has_var("dg") then local dg_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/dng-pron") local dg_processed = dg_pron.process(dg_rom) if dg_rom then show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Dungan language|Dungan]], [[w:Dungan alphabet|Cyrillic]] and [[Wiktionary:Dungan transliteration|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(dg_processed)) end add_audio_show(textShow, dg_audio, "dng") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Dungan language|Dungan]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Dungan alphabet|Cyrillic]] and [[Wiktionary:Dungan transliteration|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(dg_processed)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Dungan phonology|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(dg_pron.convert(dg_rom, "IPA")) .. "\n**: <small>(Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)</small>") hide_note("dg") end if has_var("c") or has_var("c-dg") or has_var("c-t") or has_var("c-yj") then if c_rom or c_dg_rom or c_t_rom or c_yj_rom then local c_count = (c_rom and 1 or 0) + (c_dg_rom and 1 or 0) + (c_t_rom and 1 or 0) + (c_yj_rom and 1 or 0) local c_sep = (c_count == 1) and " " or "\n*: " show("\n* [[w:Cantonese|Cantonese]]") hide("\n* [[w:Cantonese|Cantonese]]") if c_rom then local c_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron") show(c_sep) show("<small>(<i>") if c_count > 1 then show("[[w:Guangzhou Cantonese|Guangzhou]]–[[w:Hong Kong Cantonese|Hong Kong]], ") end show("[[w:Jyutping|Jyutping]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_pron.show_standard(c_rom, is_single_hanzi))) add_audio_show(textShow, c_audio, "yue") hide(c_pron.hide_standard(c_rom, is_single_hanzi)) if not args["c_note"] and is_single_hanzi and (c_rom:find("^[ao]") or c_rom:find(",[ao]")) then args["c_note"] = "The zero initial " .. format_IPA("/∅-/") .. " is commonly pronounced with a ''ng''-initial " .. format_IPA("/ŋ-/") .. " in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese" end hide_note("c") end if c_dg_rom then local c_dg_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/Dongguan") local c_dg_display = c_dg_rom:gsub(","," / ") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show(c_sep .. "<small>(<i>[[w:zh:東莞話|Dongguan]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Dongguan|Jyutping++]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_dg_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, c_dg_audio, "yue") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:zh:東莞話|Dongguan]], [[w:Guancheng Subdistrict|Guancheng]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Dongguan|Jyutping++]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(c_dg_display)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:東莞話|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(c_dg_pron.jpp_to_ipa(c_dg_rom))) hide_note("c-dg") end if c_t_rom then local c_t_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/Taishanese") local c_t_display = c_t_rom:gsub(","," / ") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show(c_sep .. "<small>(<i>[[w:Taishanese|Taishan]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Taishanese|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_t_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, c_t_audio, "zhx-tai") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Taishanese|Taishanese]], [[w:Taicheng Subdistrict|Taicheng]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Taishanese|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(c_t_display)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Taishanese|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(c_t_pron.hoisanva_to_ipa(c_t_rom))) hide_note("c-t") end if c_yj_rom then local c_yj_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/Yangjiang") local c_yj_display = c_yj_rom:gsub(","," / ") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show(c_sep .. "<small>(<i>[[w:zh:陽江話|Yangjiang]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Yangjiang|Jyutping++]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_yj_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, c_yj_audio, "yue") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:zh:陽江話|Yangjiang Yue]], [[w:Jiangcheng, Yangjiang|Jiangcheng]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Yangjiang|Jyutping++]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(c_yj_display)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Gao–Yang Yue|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(c_yj_pron.jpp_to_ipa(c_yj_rom))) hide_note("c-yj") end end end if has_var("g") then local g_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/gan-pron") if g_rom then show("\n* [[w:Gan Chinese|Gan]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Gan|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(g_pron.rom(g_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, g_audio, "gan") hide("\n* [[w:Gan Chinese|Gan]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Nanchang dialect|Nanchang]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Gan|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(g_pron.rom(g_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Nanchang dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. g_pron.ipa(g_rom) .. "/")) hide_note("g") end if h_rom and (find(h_rom, "pfs=.") or find(h_rom, "gd=.") or find(h_rom, "hrs=.") or find(h_rom, "ct=.")) or #h_audio > 0 then local h_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/hak-pron") if find(h_rom, "pfs=.") or find(h_rom, "gd=.") or find(h_rom, "hrs=.") or find(h_rom, "ct=.") then show("\n* [[w:Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]") show(h_pron.rom_display(h_rom,"yes")) end add_audio_show(textShow, h_audio, "hak") hide("\n* [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Hakka|Hakka]]") if h_rom then hide(h_pron.rom_display(h_rom,"")) end hide_note("h") end if has_var("j") then local j_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cjy-pron") if j_rom then show("\n* [[w:Jin Chinese|Jin]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Jin|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(j_pron.rom(j_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, j_audio, "cjy") hide("\n* [[w:Jin Chinese|Jin]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Taiyuan|Taiyuan]]</i>)^{[[:w:zh:太原話|+]]}</small>") if j_rom then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Jin|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(j_pron.rom(j_rom))) end local no_sandhi = false local roms = split(j_rom, "/") for i = 1, #roms do if find(roms[i], " [^ ]+ ") then no_sandhi = true break end end hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] (<i>old-style" .. (no_sandhi and ", no sandhi" or "") .. "</i>)</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. j_pron.ipa(j_rom, no_sandhi and "no_sandhi" or "") .. "/")) hide_note("j") end if has_var("mb") then local mb_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/mnp-pron") if mb_rom then show("\n* [[w:Northern Min|Northern Min]] <small>(<i>[[w:Kienning Colloquial Romanized|KCR]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mb_pron.rom(mb_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, mb_audio, "mnp") hide("\n* [[w:Northern Min|Northern Min]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Jian'ou dialect|Jian'ou]]</i>)</small>") if mb_rom then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Kienning Colloquial Romanized|Kienning Colloquial Romanized]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mb_pron.rom(mb_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Jian'ou dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(mb_pron.ipa(mb_rom))) end hide_note("mb") end if has_var("md") then local md_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cdo-pron") if md_rom then show("\n* [[w:Eastern Min|Eastern Min]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Eastern Min|BUC]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(md_pron.rom(md_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, md_audio, "cdo") hide("\n* [[w:Eastern Min|Eastern Min]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Fuzhou dialect|Fuzhou]]</i>)</small>") if md_rom then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Eastern Min|Bàng-uâ-cê]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(md_pron.rom(md_rom))) if not (md_rom and find(md_rom, "([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)")) then hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Fuzhou dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. md_pron.ipa(md_rom) .. "/")) else hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Fuzhou dialect|key]])} (<i>no sandhi</i>)</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. md_pron.ipa(md_rom, "no_sandhi") .. "/")) end end hide_note("md") end if has_var("px") then local px_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cpx-pron") show("\n* [[w:Puxian Min|Puxian Min]]") show(px_pron.rom_display(px_rom,"brief")) add_audio_show(textShow, px_audio, "cpx") hide("\n* [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Puxian Min|Puxian Min]]") if px_rom then hide(px_pron.rom_display(px_rom,"complete")) end hide_note("px") end if has_var("mn") or has_var("mn-l") or has_var("mn-t") then local mn_pron, mn_l_pron if has_var("mn") or has_var("mn-t") then mn_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/nan-pron") end if has_var("mn-l") then mn_l_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/luh-pron") end if mn_rom or mn_t_rom or mn_l_rom then show("\n* [[w:Southern Min|Southern Min]]") if mn_rom then show(((mn_l_rom or mn_t_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Hokkien|Hokkien]], [[w:Pe̍h-ōe-jī|POJ]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mn_pron.poj_display(mn_pron.poj_check_invalid(mn_rom)))) add_audio_show(textShow, mn_audio, "nan-hbl") end if mn_t_rom then show(((mn_rom or mn_l_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[w:Peng'im|Peng'im]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mn_pron.pengim_display(mn_t_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, mn_t_audio, "nan-tws") end if mn_l_rom then show(((mn_rom or mn_t_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Leizhou Min|Leizhou]], Leizhou Pinyin</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mn_l_pron.rom(mn_l_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, mn_l_audio, "luh") end end hide("\n* [[w:Southern Min|Southern Min]]") if has_var("mn") then hide(mn_pron.generate_all(mn_rom)) hide_note("mn") end if has_var("mn-t") then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Teochew dialect|Teochew]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Peng'im|Peng'im]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mn_pron.pengim_display(mn_t_rom))) hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Pe̍h-ōe-jī|Pe̍h-ōe-jī]]-like</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mn_pron.pengim_to_pojlike_conv(mn_t_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:潮州話#語音|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(mn_pron.pengim_to_ipa_conv(mn_t_rom))) hide_note("mn-t") end if has_var("mn-l") then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Leizhou Min|Leizhou]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>Leizhou Pinyin</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mn_l_pron.rom(mn_l_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(mn_l_pron.ipa(mn_l_rom))) hide_note("mn-l") end end if has_var("sp") then local sp_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/csp-pron") local sp_processed = sp_rom:gsub(",([^ ])",", %1") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show("\n* [[w:Pinghua|Southern Pinghua]] <small>(<i>[[w:Pinghua|Nanning]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Southern Pinghua|Jyutping++]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(sp_processed)) add_audio_show(textShow, sp_audio, "csp") hide("\n* [[w:Pinghua|Southern Pinghua]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Pinghua|Nanning Pinghua]], [[w:Nanning|Tingzi]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Southern Pinghua|Jyutping++]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(sp_processed)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Pinghua#Phonology|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(sp_pron.jpp_to_ipa(sp_rom))) hide_note("sp") end if has_var("w") or has_var("w-j") then local w_count = (w_rom and 1 or 0) + (w_j_rom and 1 or 0) local w_show, w_hide, w_j_show, w_j_hide if w_rom then w_show, w_hide = require("Module:Wt/mnc/wuu-pron").make(w_rom, w_count) end if w_j_rom then w_j_show, w_j_hide = require("Module:Wt/mnc/wuu-pron/Jinhua").make(w_j_rom, w_count) end if w_count > 1 then show("\n* [[w:Wu Chinese|Wu]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Wu|Wugniu]]</i>)</small>") else show("\n* [[w:Wu Chinese|Wu]]") end show(w_show) show(w_j_show) add_audio_show(textShow, w_audio, "wuu") hide("\n* [[w:Wu Chinese|Wu]]") hide(w_hide) hide(w_j_hide) -- add_audio(textHide, w_audio, "wuu") hide_note("w") hide_note("w-j") end if has_var("x") or has_var("x-l") or has_var("x-h") then local x_pron = has_var("x") and require("Module:Wt/mnc/hsn-pron") or nil local x_l_pron = has_var("x-l") and require("Module:Wt/mnc/hsn-pron-Loudi") or nil local x_h_pron = has_var("x-h") and require("Module:Wt/mnc/hsn-pron-Hengyang") or nil if x_rom or x_l_rom or x_h_rom then show("\n* [[w:Xiang Chinese|Xiang]]") if x_rom then show(((x_l_rom or x_h_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Changsha dialect|Changsha]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(x_pron.rom(x_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, x_audio, "hsn") end if x_l_rom then show(((x_rom or x_h_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:zh:娄底话|Loudi]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Loudi|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(x_l_pron.rom(x_l_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, x_l_audio, "hsn-lou") end if x_h_rom then show(((x_rom or x_l_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Hengyang dialect|Hengyang]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Hengyang|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(x_h_pron.rom(x_h_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, x_h_audio, "hsn-hya") end end hide("\n* [[w:Xiang Chinese|Xiang]]") if x_rom then local x_diff = x_pron.stylediff(x_rom) hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Changsha dialect|Changsha]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(x_pron.rom(x_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Changsha dialect|key]])}") hide(x_diff and " (<i>old-style</i>)" or "") hide("</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_pron.ipa(x_rom) .. "/")) if x_diff then hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Changsha dialect|key]])} (<i>new-style</i>)</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_pron.ipa(x_rom, "new") .. "/")) end hide_note("x") end if x_l_rom then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:zh:娄底话|Loudi]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Loudi|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(x_l_pron.rom(x_l_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:娄底话|key]])}") hide("</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_l_pron.ipa(x_l_rom) .. "/")) hide_note("x-l") end if x_h_rom then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Hengyang dialect|Hengyang]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Hengyang|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(x_h_pron.rom(x_h_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Hengyang dialect|key]])}") hide("</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_h_pron.ipa(x_h_rom) .. "/")) hide_note("x-h") end end -- combine textShow and textHide into text text = { concat(textShow), '<span class="vsToggleElement" style="float: right;"></span>\n<div class="vsHide" style="clear:right;">\n<hr>\n', concat(textHide), "</div></div>" } --Part 3 "Dialectal data" if dial ~= "n" and is_single_hanzi then local success, m_dial = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/dial-pron/" .. pagename) if success then local dialPron = {} local temporary = {} if dial and find(dial, "^[0-9\\,]+$") then for element in gsplit(dial, ",") do insert(dialPron, m_dial[tonumber(element)]) end else for _, element in ipairs(m_dial) do insert(dialPron, element) end end for _, set in ipairs(dialPron) do for _, object in ipairs(set[2]) do insert(temporary, object) end end insert(text, '\n<hr style="clear:right;">\n<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations" style="background-color:var(--wikt-palette-palergreen, #F8FFFA)">\n* ' .. 'Dialectal data' .. '<span class="vsToggleElement" style="float:right; padding:0 0"></span>\n' .. '<div class="vsHide">' ) insert(text, '\n{| class="wikitable" ' .. '" style="width:100%; margin:0; ' .. 'text-align:center; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden; display: table;"') local locStart = "\n|-\n!" local readingStart = concat({'\n!style="background:var(--wikt-palette-indigo-3, #e0defa); width:9em"|', '<div style="float: right; clear: right; font-size:60%"><span class="plainlinks">[', tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/dial-pron/" .. pagename, {["action"]="edit"})), ' edit]</span></div><span lang="zh" class="Hani">'}) local locEnd = '<span class="IPA">' local headclr = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-indigo-3, #e0defa)"|' -- NOTE: -- These colours are duplicated in [[Module:Wt/mnc/zh/dial-syn]]. -- Make sure the two lists are kept in sync. local mandarinColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-amber-1, #FCFAF5)"|' local jinColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-orange-1, #F9F0E8)"|' local wuColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-purple-1, #F5F0FC)"|' local huiColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-yellow-1, #FCFAF5)"|' local xiangColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-blue-1, #ECF2FC)"|' local ganColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-teal-1, #EAF4EF)"|' local hakkaColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-blue-1, #ECF2FC)"|' local cantoneseColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-cyan-1, #EBF3F5)"|' local minColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-green-1, #EDF4EA)"|' local clrList = { mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, jinColor, jinColor, jinColor, wuColor, wuColor, wuColor, wuColor, huiColor, huiColor, xiangColor, xiangColor, ganColor, hakkaColor, hakkaColor, cantoneseColor, cantoneseColor, cantoneseColor, minColor, minColor, minColor, minColor, minColor } local locList = { concat({headclr, "Variety\n!", headclr, "Location"}), concat({"rowspan=17 ", mandarinColor, "Mandarin\n!", mandarinColor, "[[w:Beijing dialect|Beijing]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Harbin dialect|Harbin]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Tianjin dialect|Tianjin]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Jinan dialect|Jinan]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Qingdao dialect|Qingdao]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:鄭州話|Zhengzhou]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Xi'an dialect|Xi'an]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Xining|Xining]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Yinchuan|Yinchuan]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:蘭州話|Lanzhou]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:烏魯木齊話|Ürümqi]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:武漢話|Wuhan]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Chengdu dialect|Chengdu]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:貴陽話|Guiyang]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Kunming dialect|Kunming]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Nanjing dialect|Nanjing]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:合肥話|Hefei]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({"rowspan=3 ", jinColor, "Jin\n!", jinColor, "[[w:zh:太原話|Taiyuan]]\n|", jinColor}), concat({jinColor, "[[w:Pingyao|Pingyao]]\n|", jinColor}), concat({jinColor, "[[w:Hohhot dialect|Hohhot]]\n|", jinColor}), concat({"rowspan=4 ", wuColor, "Wu\n!", wuColor, "[[w:Shanghai dialect|Shanghai]]\n|", wuColor}), concat({wuColor, "[[w:Suzhou dialect|Suzhou]]\n|", wuColor}), concat({wuColor, "[[w:Hangzhou dialect|Hangzhou]]\n|" , wuColor}), concat({wuColor, "[[w:Wenzhou dialect|Wenzhou]]\n|", wuColor}), concat({"rowspan=2 ", huiColor, "Hui\n!", huiColor, "[[w:Shexian|Shexian]]\n|", huiColor}), concat({huiColor, "[[w:zh:屯溪話|Tunxi]]\n|", huiColor}), concat({"rowspan=2 ", xiangColor, "Xiang\n!", xiangColor, "[[w:Changsha dialect|Changsha]]\n|", xiangColor}), concat({xiangColor, "[[w:zh:湘潭話|Xiangtan]]\n|", xiangColor}), concat({ganColor, "Gan\n!", ganColor, "[[w:Nanchang dialect|Nanchang]]\n|", ganColor}), concat({"rowspan=2 ", hakkaColor, "Hakka\n!", hakkaColor, "[[w:Meixian dialect|Meixian]]\n|", hakkaColor}), concat({hakkaColor, "[[w:Taoyuan, Taiwan|Taoyuan]]\n|", hakkaColor}), concat({"rowspan=3 ", cantoneseColor, "Cantonese\n!", cantoneseColor, "[[w:Guangzhou dialect|Guangzhou]]\n|", cantoneseColor}), concat({cantoneseColor, "[[w:Nanning|Nanning]]\n|", cantoneseColor}), concat({cantoneseColor, "[[w:Hong Kong dialect|Hong Kong]]\n|", cantoneseColor}), concat({"rowspan=5 ", minColor, "Min\n!", minColor, "[[w:Xiamen dialect|Xiamen]] (Hokkien)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Fuzhou dialect|Fuzhou]] (Eastern Min)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Jian'ou dialect|Jian'ou]] (Northern Min)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Shantou dialect|Shantou]] (Teochew)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Haikou dialect|Haikou]] (Hainanese)\n|", minColor})} local function ipa_correct(ipa, location) if location == 22 then return (gsub(ipa, "13", "23")) else return ipa end end local function fmtDial(text, location) local fmttedPron = {} if text == "" then return "" end for pronunciation in gsplit(text, "|") do local ipa = match(pronunciation, "^[^%(%)" .. hanzi .. "～,]+") ipa = gsub(ipa, "([ptk])([0-5])", "%1̚%2") local environ = match(pronunciation, "[%(%)" .. hanzi .. "～,]*$") or false insert(fmttedPron, "<span class=\"IPA\"><small>/" .. tostring(ipa_format(ipa_correct(ipa, location))) .. "/</small></span>" .. (environ and " <span class=\"Hani\" lang=\"zh\"><small>"..environ.."</small></span>" or nil)) end return concat(fmttedPron, "<br>") end for locationNo = 1, 40 do for readingNo = 1, #dialPron do if readingNo == 1 then insert(text, locStart) insert(text, locList[locationNo]) end if locationNo == 1 then local situation = dialPron[readingNo][1] insert(text, readingStart) insert(text, pagename) insert(text, (pagename ~= situation and " (" .. gsub(situation, pagename, "<b>" .. pagename .. "</b>") .. ")" or "")) insert(text, "</span>") else insert(text, (readingNo == 1 and "" or "\n|" .. clrList[locationNo-1])) insert(text, locEnd) insert(text, fmtDial(dialPron[readingNo][2][locationNo-1], locationNo)) insert(text, "</span>") end end end insert(text, "\n|}</div></div>") end end --Part 4 "Middle Chinese & Old Chinese" local mc_preview, oc_preview local m_ltc_pron, m_och_pron -- !!! -- The following function modifies the tables generated by mod:ltc-pron and mod:och-pron, shifting them -- from using "mw-collapsible" to using "vsSwitcher", because the former -- can not collapse on the mobile site and makes Chinese entries a mess. -- It is supposed to be a temporary solution. -- !!! local function shiftCustomtoggle2Vsswitcher(s) local result result = (s:gsub( '\n%* <div title="expand" class="mw%-customtoggle[^>]+">', '\n<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations">\n* ' ):gsub( '<span style="float:right; border:1px solid var%(%-%-wikt%-palette%-lightgrey,#ccc%); border%-radius:1px; padding:0 0; font%-size:90%%">▼</span>(.-)</div>\n{| class="wikitable', '<span class="vsToggleElement" style="float:right; padding:0 0"></span>%1\n<div class="vsHide">\n{| class="wikitable' ):gsub( '{| class="wikitable mw%-collapsible mw%-collapsed" id="[^"]+"', '{| class="wikitable"' ):gsub( "\n|}$", "\n|}</div></div>" )) return result end if mc then m_ltc_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/ltc-pron") mc_preview = m_ltc_pron.retrieve_pron(pagename, false, mc, true) if not mc_preview then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track")("zh-pron/Middle Chinese data not found") mc = nil end end if oc then m_och_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/och-pron") oc_preview = m_och_pron.generate_show(pagename, oc) if not oc_preview then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track")("zh-pron/Old Chinese data not found") oc = nil end end if mc or oc then insert(text, '\n<hr style="clear:right;">\n<div style="background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lighterblue, #ebf4ff); margin: 0 -5px -5px; padding: 0 5px 5px;">') if mc then insert(text, shiftCustomtoggle2Vsswitcher(m_ltc_pron.ipa(mc, mc_preview))) end if oc then insert(text, shiftCustomtoggle2Vsswitcher(m_och_pron.ipa(oc, oc_preview))) end insert(text, "</div>") end insert(text, "</div>") if namespace == "" or namespace == "-" then if mc then if is_single_hanzi then if mc_preview:find("k̚$") then insert(text, "[[Category:Middle Chinese -k characters|" .. sortkey .. "]]") elseif mc_preview:find("t̚$") then insert(text, "[[Category:Middle Chinese -t characters|" .. sortkey .. "]]") elseif mc_preview:find("p̚$") then insert(text, "[[Category:Middle Chinese -p characters|" .. sortkey .. "]]") end end end if not args["cat"] then insert(text, "[[Category:zh-pron usage missing POS]]") end end end local conv_text = {} --categories if namespace == "" or namespace == "-" then local catText = args["cat"] or "" local cat_start = "[[Category:" local cat_end = "]]" if w_rom then w_rom = gsub(w_rom, "%d", "") end local function add_cat(cat_table, name, cat) insert(cat_table, cat_start .. name .. cat .. "|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end local cats = split(catText, ",", true) for i = 1, #cats do if pos_aliases_cat[cats[i]] == "chengyu" then insert(cats, i, "idioms") break end end insert(cats, 1, "lemmas") if is_single_hanzi then insert(cats, 2, "hanzi") end for i = 1, #cats do local cat = cats[i] if cat == "" then break end cat = gsub(cat, "^ +", "") if find(cat, ":") then local cat_split = split(cat, ":", true) local lang_name = langname_abbr[cat_split[1]] local category = pos_aliases_cat[cat_split[2]] or cat add_cat(conv_text, "Chinese ", category) insert(conv_text, cat_start .. lang_name .. " " .. category .. "|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) else cat = pos_aliases_cat[cat] or cat add_cat(conv_text, "Chinese ", cat) if m_rom or m_x_rom or m_nj_rom then add_cat(conv_text, "Mandarin ", cat) end if has_var("m-s") then add_cat(conv_text, "Sichuanese ", cat) end if has_var("dg") then add_cat(conv_text, "Dungan ", cat) end if c_rom or c_dg_rom or c_yj_rom then add_cat(conv_text, "Cantonese ", cat) end if c_t_rom then add_cat(conv_text, "Taishanese ", cat) end if has_var("g") then add_cat(conv_text, "Gan ", cat) end if h_rom and (find(h_rom, "pfs=.") or find(h_rom, "gd=.") or find(h_rom, "hrs=.") or find(h_rom, "ct=.")) or #h_audio > 0 then add_cat(conv_text, "Hakka ", cat) end if has_var("j") then add_cat(conv_text, "Jin ", cat) end if has_var("mb") then add_cat(conv_text, "Northern Min ", cat) end if has_var("md") then add_cat(conv_text, "Eastern Min ", cat) end if has_var("mn") then add_cat(conv_text, "Hokkien ", cat) end if has_var("mn-t") then add_cat(conv_text, "Teochew ", cat) end if has_var("mn-l") then add_cat(conv_text, "Leizhou Min ", cat) end if has_var("px") then add_cat(conv_text, "Puxian Min ", cat) end if has_var("sp") then add_cat(conv_text, "Southern Pinghua ", cat) end if has_var("w") then add_cat(conv_text, "Wu ", cat) end if has_var("w-j") then add_cat(conv_text, "Wu ", cat) end if has_var("x") then add_cat(conv_text, "Xiang ", cat) end if has_var("x-l") then add_cat(conv_text, "Xiang ", cat) end if has_var("x-h") then add_cat(conv_text, "Xiang ", cat) end if mc and has_var("mc") then add_cat(conv_text, "Middle Chinese ", cat) end if oc and has_var("oc") then add_cat(conv_text, "Old Chinese ", cat) end end end if not args.only_cat then insert(conv_text, cat_start .. "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end if not args.poj_form_zh_see then if not find(pagename, "[" .. hanzi .. bopomofo .. "]") then insert(conv_text, cat_start .. "Chinese terms written in foreign scripts|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end -- TODO: handle Zhuyin. -- Note: this parses any IDS to pick out the full character. for _, character in ipairs(explode_chars(pagename)) do if match(character, "[" .. hanzi .. "%%%+%-·×々〻𖿣⿰-⿿㇯]") then insert(conv_text, cat_start .. "Chinese terms spelled with " .. character .. "|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end end end end local output = concat(text) .. concat(conv_text) if namespace ~= "" and namespace ~= "-" then output = gsub(output, "%[%[Category:[^%]]+%]%]", "") end return output end return export ljb866w06k8n0dfra9m3h88q5xyg62p 7240854 7240850 2026-07-06T10:23:38Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240854 Scribunto text/plain local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local codepoint = m_str_utils.codepoint local concat = table.concat local explode_chars = require("Module:Wt/mnc/Hani").explode_chars local find = m_str_utils.find local format = string.format local gmatch = m_str_utils.gmatch local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local insert = table.insert local ipairs = ipairs local match = m_str_utils.match local pairs = pairs local split = m_str_utils.split local gsplit = m_str_utils.gsplit local export = {} local hanzi = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts").getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters() local bopomofo = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts").getByCode("Bopo"):getCharacters() local langname = { ["cdo"] = "Eastern Min", ["cjy"] = "sansi gisun", ["cpx"] = "Puxian Min", ["cmn"] = "alban -i gisun", ["csp"] = "Southern Pinghua", ["dng"] = "dunggan gisun", ["gan"] = "giyangsi gisun", ["hak"] = "hakka gisun", ["hsn"] = "hūnan gisun", ["hsn-lou"] = "hūnan gisun", ["hsn-hya"] = "hūnan gisun", ["luh"] = "Leizhou Min", ["mnp"] = "Northern Min", ["nan-hbl"] = "Hokkien", ["nan-tws"] = "Teochew", ["wuu"] = "Wu", ["wuu-jih"] = "Wu", ["yue"] = "Cantonese", ["zhx-sic"] = "Sichuanese", ["zhx-tai"] = "Taishanese", } local langname_abbr = { ["m"] = "alban", ["m-s"] = "sy cuwan", ["m-x"] = "alban", ["m-nj"] = "nan ging", ["dg"] = "gunggan", ["c"] = "guwangdung", ["c-dg"] = "guwangdung", ["c-t"] = "toi san", ["c-yj"] = "guwangdung", ["g"] = "gan", ["h"] = "hakka", ["j"] = "jin", ["mb"] = "amargi min", ["mc"] = "Middle Chinese", ["md"] = "min dung", ["mn"] = "fugiyan", ["mn-t"] = "Teochew", ["mn-l"] = "Leizhou Min", ["oc"] = "Old Chinese", ["px"] = "Puxian Min", ["sp"] = "Southern Pinghua", ["w"] = "u", ["w-j"] = "u", ["x"] = "Xiang", ["x-l"] = "Loudi Xiang", ["x-h"] = "Hengyang Xiang", } local pos_aliases_cat = { ["n"] = "nouns", ["noun"] = "nouns", ["pn"] = "proper nouns", ["propn"] = "proper nouns", ["proper"] = "proper nouns", ["proper noun"] = "proper nouns", ["pron"] = "pronouns", ["pronoun"] = "pronouns", ["v"] = "verbs", ["verb"] = "verbs", ["a"] = "adjectives", ["adj"] = "adjectives", ["adjective"] = "adjectives", ["adv"] = "adverbs", ["adverb"] = "adverbs", ["prep"] = "prepositions", ["pre"] = "prepositions", ["postp"] = "postpositions", ["post"] = "postpositions", ["con"] = "conjunctions", ["conj"] = "conjunctions", ["conjunction"] = "conjunctions", ["part"] = "particles", ["particle"] = "particles", ["pref"] = "prefixes", ["prefix"] = "prefixes", ["suf"] = "suffixes", ["suffix"] = "suffixes", ["infix"] = "infixes", ["prov"] = "proverbs", ["proverb"] = "proverbs", ["id"] = "idioms", ["idiom"] = "idioms", ["ch"] = "chengyu", ["cy"] = "chengyu", ["4ci"] = "chengyu", ["ph"] = "phrases", ["phrase"] = "phrases", ["int"] = "interjections", ["intj"] = "interjections", ["interj"] = "interjections", ["interjection"] = "interjections", ["cl"] = "classifiers", ["cls"] = "classifiers", ["classifier"] = "classifiers", ["num"] = "numerals", ["numeral"] = "numerals", ["abb"] = "abbreviations", ["abbreviation"] = "abbreviations", ["det"] = "determiners", ["deter"] = "determiners", ["determiner"] = "determiners", ["syl"] = "syllables", ["syll"] = "syllables", ["syllable"] = "syllables", } local function make_note(text) if find(text, ": ") then text = "\n*" .. gsub(gsub(text, "\n", ".\n*"), "([:;]) ", "%1\n**") elseif find(text, "; ") then text = "\n*" .. gsub(text, "; ", ";\n*") end text = gsub(text, "“([^”]+)”", function (a) return "“" .. gsub(a, ";\n%*+", "; ") .. "”" end) -- fix bug about indentation levels (see https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?oldid=78848651) local last_level = ("\n"..text):match("\n(%**)[^*\n][^\n]*$") local append = last_level:gsub("%*","<ul>") return "\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-forestgreen, #235923); padding: 4px; margin: 8px; background: var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0); font-size: 85%\">'''Note''': " .. text .. ".</div>" .. append end local function ipa_format(text) local numbers = { ["1"]="¹",["2"]="²",["3"]="³",["4"]="⁴",["5"]="⁵",["0"]="⁰",["-"]="⁻",["/"]="/, /" } return gsub(text,"[0-5%-/]",numbers) end local function Consolas(text) return '<span class="zhpron-monospace">' .. text .. "</span>" end local function format_IPA(text) return '<span class="IPA">' .. text .. "</span>" end function export.make(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local params = { pagename = {}, namespace = {}, dial = {}, mc = {}, oc = {}, cat = {}, only_cat = {type = "boolean"}, poj_form_zh_see = {type = "boolean"}, } for abbr, _ in pairs(langname_abbr) do params[abbr] = {} params[abbr .. "a"] = {list = true} params[abbr .. "_note"] = {} end local args = require("Module:Wt/mnc/parameters").process(parent_args, params, nil, "zh-pron", "make") local pagename = args.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename local sortkey = (require("Module:Wt/mnc/Hani-sortkey").makeSortKey(pagename)) local is_single_hanzi = find(pagename, "^[" .. hanzi .. "]$") ~= nil local namespace = args.namespace or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText local m_rom = args["m"] local m_s_rom = args["m-s"] local m_x_rom = args["m-x"] local m_nj_rom = args["m-nj"] local dg_rom = args["dg"] local c_rom = args["c"] local c_dg_rom = args["c-dg"] local c_t_rom = args["c-t"] local c_yj_rom = args["c-yj"] local g_rom = args["g"] local h_rom = args["h"] local j_rom = args["j"] local mb_rom = args["mb"] local md_rom = args["md"] local mn_rom = args["mn"] local mn_l_rom = args["mn-l"] local mn_t_rom = args["mn-t"] local px_rom = args["px"] local sp_rom = args["sp"] local w_rom = args["w"] local w_j_rom = args["w-j"] local x_rom = args["x"] local x_l_rom = args["x-l"] local x_h_rom = args["x-h"] local m_audio = args["ma"] local m_s_audio = args["m-sa"] local m_x_audio = args["m-xa"] local m_nj_audio = args["m-nja"] local dg_audio = args["dga"] local c_audio = args["ca"] local c_dg_audio = args["c-dga"] local c_t_audio = args["c-ta"] local c_yj_audio = args["c-yja"] local g_audio = args["ga"] local h_audio = args["ha"] local j_audio = args["ja"] local mb_audio = args["mba"] local md_audio = args["mda"] local mn_audio = args["mna"] local mn_l_audio = args["mn-la"] local mn_t_audio = args["mn-ta"] local px_audio = args["pxa"] local sp_audio = args["spa"] local w_audio = args["wa"] local w_j_audio = args["w-ja"] local x_audio = args["xa"] local x_l_audio = args["x-la"] local x_h_audio = args["x-ha"] local dial = args["dial"] local mc = args["mc"] local oc = args["oc"] local only_cat = args["only_cat"] -- True if arguments exist for the specified variety, using a language param abbreviation. local function has_var(var) return args[var] or #args[var .. "a"] > 0 end local function add_audio(text, audios, lang, show) -- This function has side effects for _, audio in ipairs(audios) do if audio == "y" then audio = format("%s-%s.ogg", lang, pagename) end insert(text, "\n*" .. (show and "::" or "**") .. " [[File:") insert(text, audio) insert(text, "]]") end if #audios > 0 then insert(text, "[[Category:") insert(text, langname[lang]) insert(text, " terms with audio pronunciation|" .. sortkey .. "]]") end end local function add_audio_show(text, audios, lang) add_audio(text, audios, lang, "show") end local text = {} --the pronunciation table if not only_cat then --The whole table consists of 4 parts --"textShow" contains Part 1, 3 and 4 local textShow = {'<div class="standard-box zhpron" style="overflow:auto; max-width:500px; font-size:100%">'} --"textHide" is Part 2 local textHide = {} local function show(txt) insert(textShow, txt) end local function hide(txt) insert(textHide, txt) end local function hide_note(var) local note = args[var .. "_note"] if note then hide(make_note(note)) end end show('<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations">') --Part 1 and 2, "Pronunciation" and "Pronunciation expressed in different romanizations" if m_rom or m_s_rom or m_x_rom or m_nj_rom or dg_rom then show("\n* [[w:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]") end if has_var("m") then local m_args = {} local m_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron") if m_rom then local str_analysis = m_pron.str_analysis local other_m_vars = has_var("m-s") or has_var("m-x") or has_var("m-nj") or has_var("dg") show("\n" .. str_analysis(m_rom, "head", other_m_vars)) m_args[1] = str_analysis(m_rom, "") for i = 2, 5 do m_args[i] = str_analysis(m_rom, tostring(i)) end local m_args_params_prefixed_with_1 = {"n", "na", "nb", "nc", "nd"} for _, base in ipairs(m_args_params_prefixed_with_1) do for i = 1, 5 do local param = tostring(i) .. base m_args[param] = str_analysis(m_rom, param) end end local m_args_params = {"py", "cap", "tl", "tl2", "tl3", "a", "audio", "er", "ertl", "ertl2", "ertl3", "era", "eraudio"} for _, base in ipairs(m_args_params) do m_args[base] = str_analysis(m_rom, base) for i = 2, 5 do local param = tostring(i) .. base m_args[param] = str_analysis(m_rom, param) end end end for i, audio in ipairs(m_audio) do local ind = i == 1 and "" or tostring(i) m_args[ind .. "a"] = audio end show(m_pron.make_audio(m_args)) hide(m_pron.make_args(m_args)) hide_note("m") end if (not m_rom) and (m_s_rom or m_x_rom or m_nj_rom or dg_rom) then hide("\n* [[w:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]") end if has_var("m-s") then local m_s_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zhx-sic-pron") local m_s_processed = gsub(m_s_rom:gsub("/", " / "), "([%d-])([%a])", "%1 %2") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") if m_s_rom then show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Sichuanese dialect|Chengdu]], [[w:Sichuanese Pinyin|Sichuanese Pinyin]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(m_s_processed)) end add_audio_show(textShow, m_s_audio, "zhx-sic") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Chengdu|Chengdu]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Sichuanese Pinyin|Sichuanese Pinyin]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_s_processed)) local xinwenz = m_s_pron.convert(m_s_rom, "SWZ") if xinwenz then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:zh:四川话拉丁化新文字|Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_s_pron.convert(m_s_rom, "SWZ"))) end hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:成都话|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(m_s_pron.convert(m_s_rom, "IPA"))) hide_note("m-s") end if has_var("m-x") then local m_x_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron-Xian") local m_x_display, m_x_hidden, m_x_ipa = m_x_pron.py_process(m_x_rom) show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Guanzhong dialect|Xi'an]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xi'an|Guanzhong Pinyin]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(m_x_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, m_x_audio, "cmn") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Xi'an|Xi'an]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xi'an|Guanzhong Pinyin]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_x_hidden)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Guanzhong dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(m_x_ipa)) hide_note("m-x") end if has_var("m-nj") then local m_nj_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron-Nanjing") local m_nj_display, m_nj_hidden, m_nj_num, m_nj_ipa = m_nj_pron.py_process(m_nj_rom) show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Nanjing dialect|Nanjing]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Nanjing|Nanjing Pinyin]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(m_nj_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, m_nj_audio, "cmn") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Nanjing|Nanjing]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Nanjing|Nanjing Pinyin]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_nj_hidden)) hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Nanjing|Nanjing Pinyin]] (numbered)</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_nj_num)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Nanjing dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(m_nj_ipa)) hide_note("m-nj") end if has_var("dg") then local dg_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/dng-pron") local dg_processed = dg_pron.process(dg_rom) if dg_rom then show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Dungan language|Dungan]], [[w:Dungan alphabet|Cyrillic]] and [[Wiktionary:Dungan transliteration|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(dg_processed)) end add_audio_show(textShow, dg_audio, "dng") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Dungan language|Dungan]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Dungan alphabet|Cyrillic]] and [[Wiktionary:Dungan transliteration|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(dg_processed)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Dungan phonology|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(dg_pron.convert(dg_rom, "IPA")) .. "\n**: <small>(Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)</small>") hide_note("dg") end if has_var("c") or has_var("c-dg") or has_var("c-t") or has_var("c-yj") then if c_rom or c_dg_rom or c_t_rom or c_yj_rom then local c_count = (c_rom and 1 or 0) + (c_dg_rom and 1 or 0) + (c_t_rom and 1 or 0) + (c_yj_rom and 1 or 0) local c_sep = (c_count == 1) and " " or "\n*: " show("\n* [[w:Cantonese|Cantonese]]") hide("\n* [[w:Cantonese|Cantonese]]") if c_rom then local c_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron") show(c_sep) show("<small>(<i>") if c_count > 1 then show("[[w:Guangzhou Cantonese|Guangzhou]]–[[w:Hong Kong Cantonese|Hong Kong]], ") end show("[[w:Jyutping|Jyutping]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_pron.show_standard(c_rom, is_single_hanzi))) add_audio_show(textShow, c_audio, "yue") hide(c_pron.hide_standard(c_rom, is_single_hanzi)) if not args["c_note"] and is_single_hanzi and (c_rom:find("^[ao]") or c_rom:find(",[ao]")) then args["c_note"] = "The zero initial " .. format_IPA("/∅-/") .. " is commonly pronounced with a ''ng''-initial " .. format_IPA("/ŋ-/") .. " in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese" end hide_note("c") end if c_dg_rom then local c_dg_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/Dongguan") local c_dg_display = c_dg_rom:gsub(","," / ") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show(c_sep .. "<small>(<i>[[w:zh:東莞話|Dongguan]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Dongguan|Jyutping++]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_dg_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, c_dg_audio, "yue") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:zh:東莞話|Dongguan]], [[w:Guancheng Subdistrict|Guancheng]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Dongguan|Jyutping++]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(c_dg_display)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:東莞話|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(c_dg_pron.jpp_to_ipa(c_dg_rom))) hide_note("c-dg") end if c_t_rom then local c_t_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/Taishanese") local c_t_display = c_t_rom:gsub(","," / ") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show(c_sep .. "<small>(<i>[[w:Taishanese|Taishan]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Taishanese|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_t_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, c_t_audio, "zhx-tai") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Taishanese|Taishanese]], [[w:Taicheng Subdistrict|Taicheng]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Taishanese|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(c_t_display)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Taishanese|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(c_t_pron.hoisanva_to_ipa(c_t_rom))) hide_note("c-t") end if c_yj_rom then local c_yj_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/Yangjiang") local c_yj_display = c_yj_rom:gsub(","," / ") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show(c_sep .. "<small>(<i>[[w:zh:陽江話|Yangjiang]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Yangjiang|Jyutping++]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_yj_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, c_yj_audio, "yue") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:zh:陽江話|Yangjiang Yue]], [[w:Jiangcheng, Yangjiang|Jiangcheng]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Yangjiang|Jyutping++]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(c_yj_display)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Gao–Yang Yue|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(c_yj_pron.jpp_to_ipa(c_yj_rom))) hide_note("c-yj") end end end if has_var("g") then local g_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/gan-pron") if g_rom then show("\n* [[w:Gan Chinese|Gan]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Gan|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(g_pron.rom(g_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, g_audio, "gan") hide("\n* [[w:Gan Chinese|Gan]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Nanchang dialect|Nanchang]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Gan|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(g_pron.rom(g_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Nanchang dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. g_pron.ipa(g_rom) .. "/")) hide_note("g") end if h_rom and (find(h_rom, "pfs=.") or find(h_rom, "gd=.") or find(h_rom, "hrs=.") or find(h_rom, "ct=.")) or #h_audio > 0 then local h_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/hak-pron") if find(h_rom, "pfs=.") or find(h_rom, "gd=.") or find(h_rom, "hrs=.") or find(h_rom, "ct=.") then show("\n* [[w:Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]") show(h_pron.rom_display(h_rom,"yes")) end add_audio_show(textShow, h_audio, "hak") hide("\n* [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Hakka|Hakka]]") if h_rom then hide(h_pron.rom_display(h_rom,"")) end hide_note("h") end if has_var("j") then local j_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cjy-pron") if j_rom then show("\n* [[w:Jin Chinese|Jin]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Jin|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(j_pron.rom(j_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, j_audio, "cjy") hide("\n* [[w:Jin Chinese|Jin]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Taiyuan|Taiyuan]]</i>)^{[[:w:zh:太原話|+]]}</small>") if j_rom then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Jin|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(j_pron.rom(j_rom))) end local no_sandhi = false local roms = split(j_rom, "/") for i = 1, #roms do if find(roms[i], " [^ ]+ ") then no_sandhi = true break end end hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] (<i>old-style" .. (no_sandhi and ", no sandhi" or "") .. "</i>)</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. j_pron.ipa(j_rom, no_sandhi and "no_sandhi" or "") .. "/")) hide_note("j") end if has_var("mb") then local mb_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/mnp-pron") if mb_rom then show("\n* [[w:Northern Min|Northern Min]] <small>(<i>[[w:Kienning Colloquial Romanized|KCR]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mb_pron.rom(mb_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, mb_audio, "mnp") hide("\n* [[w:Northern Min|Northern Min]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Jian'ou dialect|Jian'ou]]</i>)</small>") if mb_rom then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Kienning Colloquial Romanized|Kienning Colloquial Romanized]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mb_pron.rom(mb_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Jian'ou dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(mb_pron.ipa(mb_rom))) end hide_note("mb") end if has_var("md") then local md_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cdo-pron") if md_rom then show("\n* [[w:Eastern Min|Eastern Min]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Eastern Min|BUC]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(md_pron.rom(md_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, md_audio, "cdo") hide("\n* [[w:Eastern Min|Eastern Min]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Fuzhou dialect|Fuzhou]]</i>)</small>") if md_rom then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Eastern Min|Bàng-uâ-cê]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(md_pron.rom(md_rom))) if not (md_rom and find(md_rom, "([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)")) then hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Fuzhou dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. md_pron.ipa(md_rom) .. "/")) else hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Fuzhou dialect|key]])} (<i>no sandhi</i>)</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. md_pron.ipa(md_rom, "no_sandhi") .. "/")) end end hide_note("md") end if has_var("px") then local px_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cpx-pron") show("\n* [[w:Puxian Min|Puxian Min]]") show(px_pron.rom_display(px_rom,"brief")) add_audio_show(textShow, px_audio, "cpx") hide("\n* [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Puxian Min|Puxian Min]]") if px_rom then hide(px_pron.rom_display(px_rom,"complete")) end hide_note("px") end if has_var("mn") or has_var("mn-l") or has_var("mn-t") then local mn_pron, mn_l_pron if has_var("mn") or has_var("mn-t") then mn_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/nan-pron") end if has_var("mn-l") then mn_l_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/luh-pron") end if mn_rom or mn_t_rom or mn_l_rom then show("\n* [[w:Southern Min|Southern Min]]") if mn_rom then show(((mn_l_rom or mn_t_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Hokkien|Hokkien]], [[w:Pe̍h-ōe-jī|POJ]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mn_pron.poj_display(mn_pron.poj_check_invalid(mn_rom)))) add_audio_show(textShow, mn_audio, "nan-hbl") end if mn_t_rom then show(((mn_rom or mn_l_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[w:Peng'im|Peng'im]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mn_pron.pengim_display(mn_t_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, mn_t_audio, "nan-tws") end if mn_l_rom then show(((mn_rom or mn_t_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Leizhou Min|Leizhou]], Leizhou Pinyin</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mn_l_pron.rom(mn_l_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, mn_l_audio, "luh") end end hide("\n* [[w:Southern Min|Southern Min]]") if has_var("mn") then hide(mn_pron.generate_all(mn_rom)) hide_note("mn") end if has_var("mn-t") then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Teochew dialect|Teochew]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Peng'im|Peng'im]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mn_pron.pengim_display(mn_t_rom))) hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Pe̍h-ōe-jī|Pe̍h-ōe-jī]]-like</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mn_pron.pengim_to_pojlike_conv(mn_t_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:潮州話#語音|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(mn_pron.pengim_to_ipa_conv(mn_t_rom))) hide_note("mn-t") end if has_var("mn-l") then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Leizhou Min|Leizhou]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>Leizhou Pinyin</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mn_l_pron.rom(mn_l_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(mn_l_pron.ipa(mn_l_rom))) hide_note("mn-l") end end if has_var("sp") then local sp_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/csp-pron") local sp_processed = sp_rom:gsub(",([^ ])",", %1") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show("\n* [[w:Pinghua|Southern Pinghua]] <small>(<i>[[w:Pinghua|Nanning]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Southern Pinghua|Jyutping++]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(sp_processed)) add_audio_show(textShow, sp_audio, "csp") hide("\n* [[w:Pinghua|Southern Pinghua]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Pinghua|Nanning Pinghua]], [[w:Nanning|Tingzi]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Southern Pinghua|Jyutping++]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(sp_processed)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Pinghua#Phonology|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(sp_pron.jpp_to_ipa(sp_rom))) hide_note("sp") end if has_var("w") or has_var("w-j") then local w_count = (w_rom and 1 or 0) + (w_j_rom and 1 or 0) local w_show, w_hide, w_j_show, w_j_hide if w_rom then w_show, w_hide = require("Module:Wt/mnc/wuu-pron").make(w_rom, w_count) end if w_j_rom then w_j_show, w_j_hide = require("Module:Wt/mnc/wuu-pron/Jinhua").make(w_j_rom, w_count) end if w_count > 1 then show("\n* [[w:Wu Chinese|Wu]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Wu|Wugniu]]</i>)</small>") else show("\n* [[w:Wu Chinese|Wu]]") end show(w_show) show(w_j_show) add_audio_show(textShow, w_audio, "wuu") hide("\n* [[w:Wu Chinese|Wu]]") hide(w_hide) hide(w_j_hide) -- add_audio(textHide, w_audio, "wuu") hide_note("w") hide_note("w-j") end if has_var("x") or has_var("x-l") or has_var("x-h") then local x_pron = has_var("x") and require("Module:Wt/mnc/hsn-pron") or nil local x_l_pron = has_var("x-l") and require("Module:Wt/mnc/hsn-pron-Loudi") or nil local x_h_pron = has_var("x-h") and require("Module:Wt/mnc/hsn-pron-Hengyang") or nil if x_rom or x_l_rom or x_h_rom then show("\n* [[w:Xiang Chinese|Xiang]]") if x_rom then show(((x_l_rom or x_h_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Changsha dialect|Changsha]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(x_pron.rom(x_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, x_audio, "hsn") end if x_l_rom then show(((x_rom or x_h_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:zh:娄底话|Loudi]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Loudi|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(x_l_pron.rom(x_l_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, x_l_audio, "hsn-lou") end if x_h_rom then show(((x_rom or x_l_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Hengyang dialect|Hengyang]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Hengyang|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(x_h_pron.rom(x_h_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, x_h_audio, "hsn-hya") end end hide("\n* [[w:Xiang Chinese|Xiang]]") if x_rom then local x_diff = x_pron.stylediff(x_rom) hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Changsha dialect|Changsha]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(x_pron.rom(x_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Changsha dialect|key]])}") hide(x_diff and " (<i>old-style</i>)" or "") hide("</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_pron.ipa(x_rom) .. "/")) if x_diff then hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Changsha dialect|key]])} (<i>new-style</i>)</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_pron.ipa(x_rom, "new") .. "/")) end hide_note("x") end if x_l_rom then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:zh:娄底话|Loudi]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Loudi|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(x_l_pron.rom(x_l_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:娄底话|key]])}") hide("</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_l_pron.ipa(x_l_rom) .. "/")) hide_note("x-l") end if x_h_rom then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Hengyang dialect|Hengyang]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Hengyang|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(x_h_pron.rom(x_h_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Hengyang dialect|key]])}") hide("</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_h_pron.ipa(x_h_rom) .. "/")) hide_note("x-h") end end -- combine textShow and textHide into text text = { concat(textShow), '<span class="vsToggleElement" style="float: right;"></span>\n<div class="vsHide" style="clear:right;">\n<hr>\n', concat(textHide), "</div></div>" } --Part 3 "Dialectal data" if dial ~= "n" and is_single_hanzi then local success, m_dial = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/dial-pron/" .. pagename) if success then local dialPron = {} local temporary = {} if dial and find(dial, "^[0-9\\,]+$") then for element in gsplit(dial, ",") do insert(dialPron, m_dial[tonumber(element)]) end else for _, element in ipairs(m_dial) do insert(dialPron, element) end end for _, set in ipairs(dialPron) do for _, object in ipairs(set[2]) do insert(temporary, object) end end insert(text, '\n<hr style="clear:right;">\n<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations" style="background-color:var(--wikt-palette-palergreen, #F8FFFA)">\n* ' .. 'Dialectal data' .. '<span class="vsToggleElement" style="float:right; padding:0 0"></span>\n' .. '<div class="vsHide">' ) insert(text, '\n{| class="wikitable" ' .. '" style="width:100%; margin:0; ' .. 'text-align:center; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden; display: table;"') local locStart = "\n|-\n!" local readingStart = concat({'\n!style="background:var(--wikt-palette-indigo-3, #e0defa); width:9em"|', '<div style="float: right; clear: right; font-size:60%"><span class="plainlinks">[', tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/dial-pron/" .. pagename, {["action"]="edit"})), ' edit]</span></div><span lang="zh" class="Hani">'}) local locEnd = '<span class="IPA">' local headclr = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-indigo-3, #e0defa)"|' -- NOTE: -- These colours are duplicated in [[Module:Wt/mnc/zh/dial-syn]]. -- Make sure the two lists are kept in sync. local mandarinColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-amber-1, #FCFAF5)"|' local jinColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-orange-1, #F9F0E8)"|' local wuColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-purple-1, #F5F0FC)"|' local huiColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-yellow-1, #FCFAF5)"|' local xiangColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-blue-1, #ECF2FC)"|' local ganColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-teal-1, #EAF4EF)"|' local hakkaColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-blue-1, #ECF2FC)"|' local cantoneseColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-cyan-1, #EBF3F5)"|' local minColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-green-1, #EDF4EA)"|' local clrList = { mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, jinColor, jinColor, jinColor, wuColor, wuColor, wuColor, wuColor, huiColor, huiColor, xiangColor, xiangColor, ganColor, hakkaColor, hakkaColor, cantoneseColor, cantoneseColor, cantoneseColor, minColor, minColor, minColor, minColor, minColor } local locList = { concat({headclr, "Variety\n!", headclr, "Location"}), concat({"rowspan=17 ", mandarinColor, "Mandarin\n!", mandarinColor, "[[w:Beijing dialect|Beijing]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Harbin dialect|Harbin]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Tianjin dialect|Tianjin]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Jinan dialect|Jinan]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Qingdao dialect|Qingdao]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:鄭州話|Zhengzhou]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Xi'an dialect|Xi'an]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Xining|Xining]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Yinchuan|Yinchuan]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:蘭州話|Lanzhou]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:烏魯木齊話|Ürümqi]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:武漢話|Wuhan]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Chengdu dialect|Chengdu]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:貴陽話|Guiyang]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Kunming dialect|Kunming]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Nanjing dialect|Nanjing]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:合肥話|Hefei]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({"rowspan=3 ", jinColor, "Jin\n!", jinColor, "[[w:zh:太原話|Taiyuan]]\n|", jinColor}), concat({jinColor, "[[w:Pingyao|Pingyao]]\n|", jinColor}), concat({jinColor, "[[w:Hohhot dialect|Hohhot]]\n|", jinColor}), concat({"rowspan=4 ", wuColor, "Wu\n!", wuColor, "[[w:Shanghai dialect|Shanghai]]\n|", wuColor}), concat({wuColor, "[[w:Suzhou dialect|Suzhou]]\n|", wuColor}), concat({wuColor, "[[w:Hangzhou dialect|Hangzhou]]\n|" , wuColor}), concat({wuColor, "[[w:Wenzhou dialect|Wenzhou]]\n|", wuColor}), concat({"rowspan=2 ", huiColor, "Hui\n!", huiColor, "[[w:Shexian|Shexian]]\n|", huiColor}), concat({huiColor, "[[w:zh:屯溪話|Tunxi]]\n|", huiColor}), concat({"rowspan=2 ", xiangColor, "Xiang\n!", xiangColor, "[[w:Changsha dialect|Changsha]]\n|", xiangColor}), concat({xiangColor, "[[w:zh:湘潭話|Xiangtan]]\n|", xiangColor}), concat({ganColor, "Gan\n!", ganColor, "[[w:Nanchang dialect|Nanchang]]\n|", ganColor}), concat({"rowspan=2 ", hakkaColor, "Hakka\n!", hakkaColor, "[[w:Meixian dialect|Meixian]]\n|", hakkaColor}), concat({hakkaColor, "[[w:Taoyuan, Taiwan|Taoyuan]]\n|", hakkaColor}), concat({"rowspan=3 ", cantoneseColor, "Cantonese\n!", cantoneseColor, "[[w:Guangzhou dialect|Guangzhou]]\n|", cantoneseColor}), concat({cantoneseColor, "[[w:Nanning|Nanning]]\n|", cantoneseColor}), concat({cantoneseColor, "[[w:Hong Kong dialect|Hong Kong]]\n|", cantoneseColor}), concat({"rowspan=5 ", minColor, "Min\n!", minColor, "[[w:Xiamen dialect|Xiamen]] (Hokkien)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Fuzhou dialect|Fuzhou]] (Eastern Min)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Jian'ou dialect|Jian'ou]] (Northern Min)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Shantou dialect|Shantou]] (Teochew)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Haikou dialect|Haikou]] (Hainanese)\n|", minColor})} local function ipa_correct(ipa, location) if location == 22 then return (gsub(ipa, "13", "23")) else return ipa end end local function fmtDial(text, location) local fmttedPron = {} if text == "" then return "" end for pronunciation in gsplit(text, "|") do local ipa = match(pronunciation, "^[^%(%)" .. hanzi .. "～,]+") ipa = gsub(ipa, "([ptk])([0-5])", "%1̚%2") local environ = match(pronunciation, "[%(%)" .. hanzi .. "～,]*$") or false insert(fmttedPron, "<span class=\"IPA\"><small>/" .. tostring(ipa_format(ipa_correct(ipa, location))) .. "/</small></span>" .. (environ and " <span class=\"Hani\" lang=\"zh\"><small>"..environ.."</small></span>" or nil)) end return concat(fmttedPron, "<br>") end for locationNo = 1, 40 do for readingNo = 1, #dialPron do if readingNo == 1 then insert(text, locStart) insert(text, locList[locationNo]) end if locationNo == 1 then local situation = dialPron[readingNo][1] insert(text, readingStart) insert(text, pagename) insert(text, (pagename ~= situation and " (" .. gsub(situation, pagename, "<b>" .. pagename .. "</b>") .. ")" or "")) insert(text, "</span>") else insert(text, (readingNo == 1 and "" or "\n|" .. clrList[locationNo-1])) insert(text, locEnd) insert(text, fmtDial(dialPron[readingNo][2][locationNo-1], locationNo)) insert(text, "</span>") end end end insert(text, "\n|}</div></div>") end end --Part 4 "Middle Chinese & Old Chinese" local mc_preview, oc_preview local m_ltc_pron, m_och_pron -- !!! -- The following function modifies the tables generated by mod:ltc-pron and mod:och-pron, shifting them -- from using "mw-collapsible" to using "vsSwitcher", because the former -- can not collapse on the mobile site and makes Chinese entries a mess. -- It is supposed to be a temporary solution. -- !!! local function shiftCustomtoggle2Vsswitcher(s) local result result = (s:gsub( '\n%* <div title="expand" class="mw%-customtoggle[^>]+">', '\n<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations">\n* ' ):gsub( '<span style="float:right; border:1px solid var%(%-%-wikt%-palette%-lightgrey,#ccc%); border%-radius:1px; padding:0 0; font%-size:90%%">▼</span>(.-)</div>\n{| class="wikitable', '<span class="vsToggleElement" style="float:right; padding:0 0"></span>%1\n<div class="vsHide">\n{| class="wikitable' ):gsub( '{| class="wikitable mw%-collapsible mw%-collapsed" id="[^"]+"', '{| class="wikitable"' ):gsub( "\n|}$", "\n|}</div></div>" )) return result end if mc then m_ltc_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/ltc-pron") mc_preview = m_ltc_pron.retrieve_pron(pagename, false, mc, true) if not mc_preview then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track")("zh-pron/Middle Chinese data not found") mc = nil end end if oc then m_och_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/och-pron") oc_preview = m_och_pron.generate_show(pagename, oc) if not oc_preview then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track")("zh-pron/Old Chinese data not found") oc = nil end end if mc or oc then insert(text, '\n<hr style="clear:right;">\n<div style="background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lighterblue, #ebf4ff); margin: 0 -5px -5px; padding: 0 5px 5px;">') if mc then insert(text, shiftCustomtoggle2Vsswitcher(m_ltc_pron.ipa(mc, mc_preview))) end if oc then insert(text, shiftCustomtoggle2Vsswitcher(m_och_pron.ipa(oc, oc_preview))) end insert(text, "</div>") end insert(text, "</div>") if namespace == "" or namespace == "-" then if mc then if is_single_hanzi then if mc_preview:find("k̚$") then insert(text, "[[Category:Middle Chinese -k characters|" .. sortkey .. "]]") elseif mc_preview:find("t̚$") then insert(text, "[[Category:Middle Chinese -t characters|" .. sortkey .. "]]") elseif mc_preview:find("p̚$") then insert(text, "[[Category:Middle Chinese -p characters|" .. sortkey .. "]]") end end end if not args["cat"] then insert(text, "[[Category:zh-pron usage missing POS]]") end end end local conv_text = {} --categories if namespace == "" or namespace == "-" then local catText = args["cat"] or "" local cat_start = "[[Category:" local cat_end = "]]" if w_rom then w_rom = gsub(w_rom, "%d", "") end local function add_cat(cat_table, name, cat) insert(cat_table, cat_start .. name .. cat .. "|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end local cats = split(catText, ",", true) for i = 1, #cats do if pos_aliases_cat[cats[i]] == "chengyu" then insert(cats, i, "idioms") break end end insert(cats, 1, "lemmas") if is_single_hanzi then insert(cats, 2, "hanzi") end for i = 1, #cats do local cat = cats[i] if cat == "" then break end cat = gsub(cat, "^ +", "") if find(cat, ":") then local cat_split = split(cat, ":", true) local lang_name = langname_abbr[cat_split[1]] local category = pos_aliases_cat[cat_split[2]] or cat add_cat(conv_text, "Chinese ", category) insert(conv_text, cat_start .. lang_name .. " " .. category .. "|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) else cat = pos_aliases_cat[cat] or cat add_cat(conv_text, "Chinese ", cat) if m_rom or m_x_rom or m_nj_rom then add_cat(conv_text, "Mandarin ", cat) end if has_var("m-s") then add_cat(conv_text, "Sichuanese ", cat) end if has_var("dg") then add_cat(conv_text, "Dungan ", cat) end if c_rom or c_dg_rom or c_yj_rom then add_cat(conv_text, "Cantonese ", cat) end if c_t_rom then add_cat(conv_text, "Taishanese ", cat) end if has_var("g") then add_cat(conv_text, "Gan ", cat) end if h_rom and (find(h_rom, "pfs=.") or find(h_rom, "gd=.") or find(h_rom, "hrs=.") or find(h_rom, "ct=.")) or #h_audio > 0 then add_cat(conv_text, "Hakka ", cat) end if has_var("j") then add_cat(conv_text, "Jin ", cat) end if has_var("mb") then add_cat(conv_text, "Northern Min ", cat) end if has_var("md") then add_cat(conv_text, "Eastern Min ", cat) end if has_var("mn") then add_cat(conv_text, "Hokkien ", cat) end if has_var("mn-t") then add_cat(conv_text, "Teochew ", cat) end if has_var("mn-l") then add_cat(conv_text, "Leizhou Min ", cat) end if has_var("px") then add_cat(conv_text, "Puxian Min ", cat) end if has_var("sp") then add_cat(conv_text, "Southern Pinghua ", cat) end if has_var("w") then add_cat(conv_text, "Wu ", cat) end if has_var("w-j") then add_cat(conv_text, "Wu ", cat) end if has_var("x") then add_cat(conv_text, "Xiang ", cat) end if has_var("x-l") then add_cat(conv_text, "Xiang ", cat) end if has_var("x-h") then add_cat(conv_text, "Xiang ", cat) end if mc and has_var("mc") then add_cat(conv_text, "Middle Chinese ", cat) end if oc and has_var("oc") then add_cat(conv_text, "Old Chinese ", cat) end end end if not args.only_cat then insert(conv_text, cat_start .. "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end if not args.poj_form_zh_see then if not find(pagename, "[" .. hanzi .. bopomofo .. "]") then insert(conv_text, cat_start .. "Chinese terms written in foreign scripts|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end -- TODO: handle Zhuyin. -- Note: this parses any IDS to pick out the full character. for _, character in ipairs(explode_chars(pagename)) do if match(character, "[" .. hanzi .. "%%%+%-·×々〻𖿣⿰-⿿㇯]") then insert(conv_text, cat_start .. "Chinese terms spelled with " .. character .. "|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end end end end local output = concat(text) .. concat(conv_text) if namespace ~= "" and namespace ~= "-" then output = gsub(output, "%[%[Category:[^%]]+%]%]", "") end return output end return export n516ixyej1l1g395ymjskjyh6hzl2s2 7240871 7240854 2026-07-06T10:34:29Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240871 Scribunto text/plain local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local codepoint = m_str_utils.codepoint local concat = table.concat local explode_chars = require("Module:Wt/mnc/Hani").explode_chars local find = m_str_utils.find local format = string.format local gmatch = m_str_utils.gmatch local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local insert = table.insert local ipairs = ipairs local match = m_str_utils.match local pairs = pairs local split = m_str_utils.split local gsplit = m_str_utils.gsplit local export = {} local hanzi = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts").getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters() local bopomofo = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts").getByCode("Bopo"):getCharacters() local langname = { ["cdo"] = "Eastern Min", ["cjy"] = "sansi gisun", ["cpx"] = "Puxian Min", ["cmn"] = "alban -i gisun", ["csp"] = "Southern Pinghua", ["dng"] = "dunggan gisun", ["gan"] = "giyangsi gisun", ["hak"] = "hakka gisun", ["hsn"] = "hūnan gisun", ["hsn-lou"] = "hūnan gisun", ["hsn-hya"] = "hūnan gisun", ["luh"] = "Leizhou Min", ["mnp"] = "Northern Min", ["nan-hbl"] = "fugiyan", ["nan-tws"] = "Teochew", ["wuu"] = "u", ["wuu-jih"] = "u", ["yue"] = "guwangdung", ["zhx-sic"] = "sy cuwan", ["zhx-tai"] = "toi san", } local langname_abbr = { ["m"] = "alban", ["m-s"] = "sy cuwan", ["m-x"] = "alban", ["m-nj"] = "nan ging", ["dg"] = "gunggan", ["c"] = "guwangdung", ["c-dg"] = "guwangdung", ["c-t"] = "toi san", ["c-yj"] = "guwangdung", ["g"] = "gan", ["h"] = "hakka", ["j"] = "jin", ["mb"] = "amargi min", ["mc"] = "Middle Chinese", ["md"] = "min dung", ["mn"] = "fugiyan", ["mn-t"] = "Teochew", ["mn-l"] = "Leizhou Min", ["oc"] = "Old Chinese", ["px"] = "Puxian Min", ["sp"] = "Southern Pinghua", ["w"] = "u", ["w-j"] = "u", ["x"] = "Xiang", ["x-l"] = "Loudi Xiang", ["x-h"] = "Hengyang Xiang", } local pos_aliases_cat = { ["n"] = "nouns", ["noun"] = "nouns", ["pn"] = "proper nouns", ["propn"] = "proper nouns", ["proper"] = "proper nouns", ["proper noun"] = "proper nouns", ["pron"] = "pronouns", ["pronoun"] = "pronouns", ["v"] = "verbs", ["verb"] = "verbs", ["a"] = "adjectives", ["adj"] = "adjectives", ["adjective"] = "adjectives", ["adv"] = "adverbs", ["adverb"] = "adverbs", ["prep"] = "prepositions", ["pre"] = "prepositions", ["postp"] = "postpositions", ["post"] = "postpositions", ["con"] = "conjunctions", ["conj"] = "conjunctions", ["conjunction"] = "conjunctions", ["part"] = "particles", ["particle"] = "particles", ["pref"] = "prefixes", ["prefix"] = "prefixes", ["suf"] = "suffixes", ["suffix"] = "suffixes", ["infix"] = "infixes", ["prov"] = "proverbs", ["proverb"] = "proverbs", ["id"] = "idioms", ["idiom"] = "idioms", ["ch"] = "chengyu", ["cy"] = "chengyu", ["4ci"] = "chengyu", ["ph"] = "phrases", ["phrase"] = "phrases", ["int"] = "interjections", ["intj"] = "interjections", ["interj"] = "interjections", ["interjection"] = "interjections", ["cl"] = "classifiers", ["cls"] = "classifiers", ["classifier"] = "classifiers", ["num"] = "numerals", ["numeral"] = "numerals", ["abb"] = "abbreviations", ["abbreviation"] = "abbreviations", ["det"] = "determiners", ["deter"] = "determiners", ["determiner"] = "determiners", ["syl"] = "syllables", ["syll"] = "syllables", ["syllable"] = "syllables", } local function make_note(text) if find(text, ": ") then text = "\n*" .. gsub(gsub(text, "\n", ".\n*"), "([:;]) ", "%1\n**") elseif find(text, "; ") then text = "\n*" .. gsub(text, "; ", ";\n*") end text = gsub(text, "“([^”]+)”", function (a) return "“" .. gsub(a, ";\n%*+", "; ") .. "”" end) -- fix bug about indentation levels (see https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?oldid=78848651) local last_level = ("\n"..text):match("\n(%**)[^*\n][^\n]*$") local append = last_level:gsub("%*","<ul>") return "\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-forestgreen, #235923); padding: 4px; margin: 8px; background: var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0); font-size: 85%\">'''Note''': " .. text .. ".</div>" .. append end local function ipa_format(text) local numbers = { ["1"]="¹",["2"]="²",["3"]="³",["4"]="⁴",["5"]="⁵",["0"]="⁰",["-"]="⁻",["/"]="/, /" } return gsub(text,"[0-5%-/]",numbers) end local function Consolas(text) return '<span class="zhpron-monospace">' .. text .. "</span>" end local function format_IPA(text) return '<span class="IPA">' .. text .. "</span>" end function export.make(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local params = { pagename = {}, namespace = {}, dial = {}, mc = {}, oc = {}, cat = {}, only_cat = {type = "boolean"}, poj_form_zh_see = {type = "boolean"}, } for abbr, _ in pairs(langname_abbr) do params[abbr] = {} params[abbr .. "a"] = {list = true} params[abbr .. "_note"] = {} end local args = require("Module:Wt/mnc/parameters").process(parent_args, params, nil, "zh-pron", "make") local pagename = args.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename local sortkey = (require("Module:Wt/mnc/Hani-sortkey").makeSortKey(pagename)) local is_single_hanzi = find(pagename, "^[" .. hanzi .. "]$") ~= nil local namespace = args.namespace or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText local m_rom = args["m"] local m_s_rom = args["m-s"] local m_x_rom = args["m-x"] local m_nj_rom = args["m-nj"] local dg_rom = args["dg"] local c_rom = args["c"] local c_dg_rom = args["c-dg"] local c_t_rom = args["c-t"] local c_yj_rom = args["c-yj"] local g_rom = args["g"] local h_rom = args["h"] local j_rom = args["j"] local mb_rom = args["mb"] local md_rom = args["md"] local mn_rom = args["mn"] local mn_l_rom = args["mn-l"] local mn_t_rom = args["mn-t"] local px_rom = args["px"] local sp_rom = args["sp"] local w_rom = args["w"] local w_j_rom = args["w-j"] local x_rom = args["x"] local x_l_rom = args["x-l"] local x_h_rom = args["x-h"] local m_audio = args["ma"] local m_s_audio = args["m-sa"] local m_x_audio = args["m-xa"] local m_nj_audio = args["m-nja"] local dg_audio = args["dga"] local c_audio = args["ca"] local c_dg_audio = args["c-dga"] local c_t_audio = args["c-ta"] local c_yj_audio = args["c-yja"] local g_audio = args["ga"] local h_audio = args["ha"] local j_audio = args["ja"] local mb_audio = args["mba"] local md_audio = args["mda"] local mn_audio = args["mna"] local mn_l_audio = args["mn-la"] local mn_t_audio = args["mn-ta"] local px_audio = args["pxa"] local sp_audio = args["spa"] local w_audio = args["wa"] local w_j_audio = args["w-ja"] local x_audio = args["xa"] local x_l_audio = args["x-la"] local x_h_audio = args["x-ha"] local dial = args["dial"] local mc = args["mc"] local oc = args["oc"] local only_cat = args["only_cat"] -- True if arguments exist for the specified variety, using a language param abbreviation. local function has_var(var) return args[var] or #args[var .. "a"] > 0 end local function add_audio(text, audios, lang, show) -- This function has side effects for _, audio in ipairs(audios) do if audio == "y" then audio = format("%s-%s.ogg", lang, pagename) end insert(text, "\n*" .. (show and "::" or "**") .. " [[File:") insert(text, audio) insert(text, "]]") end if #audios > 0 then insert(text, "[[Category:") insert(text, langname[lang]) insert(text, " terms with audio pronunciation|" .. sortkey .. "]]") end end local function add_audio_show(text, audios, lang) add_audio(text, audios, lang, "show") end local text = {} --the pronunciation table if not only_cat then --The whole table consists of 4 parts --"textShow" contains Part 1, 3 and 4 local textShow = {'<div class="standard-box zhpron" style="overflow:auto; max-width:500px; font-size:100%">'} --"textHide" is Part 2 local textHide = {} local function show(txt) insert(textShow, txt) end local function hide(txt) insert(textHide, txt) end local function hide_note(var) local note = args[var .. "_note"] if note then hide(make_note(note)) end end show('<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations">') --Part 1 and 2, "Pronunciation" and "Pronunciation expressed in different romanizations" if m_rom or m_s_rom or m_x_rom or m_nj_rom or dg_rom then show("\n* [[w:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]") end if has_var("m") then local m_args = {} local m_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron") if m_rom then local str_analysis = m_pron.str_analysis local other_m_vars = has_var("m-s") or has_var("m-x") or has_var("m-nj") or has_var("dg") show("\n" .. str_analysis(m_rom, "head", other_m_vars)) m_args[1] = str_analysis(m_rom, "") for i = 2, 5 do m_args[i] = str_analysis(m_rom, tostring(i)) end local m_args_params_prefixed_with_1 = {"n", "na", "nb", "nc", "nd"} for _, base in ipairs(m_args_params_prefixed_with_1) do for i = 1, 5 do local param = tostring(i) .. base m_args[param] = str_analysis(m_rom, param) end end local m_args_params = {"py", "cap", "tl", "tl2", "tl3", "a", "audio", "er", "ertl", "ertl2", "ertl3", "era", "eraudio"} for _, base in ipairs(m_args_params) do m_args[base] = str_analysis(m_rom, base) for i = 2, 5 do local param = tostring(i) .. base m_args[param] = str_analysis(m_rom, param) end end end for i, audio in ipairs(m_audio) do local ind = i == 1 and "" or tostring(i) m_args[ind .. "a"] = audio end show(m_pron.make_audio(m_args)) hide(m_pron.make_args(m_args)) hide_note("m") end if (not m_rom) and (m_s_rom or m_x_rom or m_nj_rom or dg_rom) then hide("\n* [[w:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]") end if has_var("m-s") then local m_s_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zhx-sic-pron") local m_s_processed = gsub(m_s_rom:gsub("/", " / "), "([%d-])([%a])", "%1 %2") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") if m_s_rom then show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Sichuanese dialect|Chengdu]], [[w:Sichuanese Pinyin|Sichuanese Pinyin]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(m_s_processed)) end add_audio_show(textShow, m_s_audio, "zhx-sic") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Chengdu|Chengdu]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Sichuanese Pinyin|Sichuanese Pinyin]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_s_processed)) local xinwenz = m_s_pron.convert(m_s_rom, "SWZ") if xinwenz then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:zh:四川话拉丁化新文字|Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_s_pron.convert(m_s_rom, "SWZ"))) end hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:成都话|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(m_s_pron.convert(m_s_rom, "IPA"))) hide_note("m-s") end if has_var("m-x") then local m_x_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron-Xian") local m_x_display, m_x_hidden, m_x_ipa = m_x_pron.py_process(m_x_rom) show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Guanzhong dialect|Xi'an]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xi'an|Guanzhong Pinyin]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(m_x_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, m_x_audio, "cmn") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Xi'an|Xi'an]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xi'an|Guanzhong Pinyin]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_x_hidden)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Guanzhong dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(m_x_ipa)) hide_note("m-x") end if has_var("m-nj") then local m_nj_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron-Nanjing") local m_nj_display, m_nj_hidden, m_nj_num, m_nj_ipa = m_nj_pron.py_process(m_nj_rom) show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Nanjing dialect|Nanjing]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Nanjing|Nanjing Pinyin]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(m_nj_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, m_nj_audio, "cmn") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Nanjing|Nanjing]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Nanjing|Nanjing Pinyin]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_nj_hidden)) hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Nanjing|Nanjing Pinyin]] (numbered)</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_nj_num)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Nanjing dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(m_nj_ipa)) hide_note("m-nj") end if has_var("dg") then local dg_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/dng-pron") local dg_processed = dg_pron.process(dg_rom) if dg_rom then show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Dungan language|Dungan]], [[w:Dungan alphabet|Cyrillic]] and [[Wiktionary:Dungan transliteration|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(dg_processed)) end add_audio_show(textShow, dg_audio, "dng") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:en:Dungan language|dunggan]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:en:Dungan alphabet|Cyrillic]] and [[Wiktionary:Dungan transliteration|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(dg_processed)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Dungan phonology|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(dg_pron.convert(dg_rom, "IPA")) .. "\n**: <small>(Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)</small>") hide_note("dg") end if has_var("c") or has_var("c-dg") or has_var("c-t") or has_var("c-yj") then if c_rom or c_dg_rom or c_t_rom or c_yj_rom then local c_count = (c_rom and 1 or 0) + (c_dg_rom and 1 or 0) + (c_t_rom and 1 or 0) + (c_yj_rom and 1 or 0) local c_sep = (c_count == 1) and " " or "\n*: " show("\n* [[w:Cantonese|Cantonese]]") hide("\n* [[w:Cantonese|Cantonese]]") if c_rom then local c_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron") show(c_sep) show("<small>(<i>") if c_count > 1 then show("[[w:Guangzhou Cantonese|Guangzhou]]–[[w:Hong Kong Cantonese|Hong Kong]], ") end show("[[w:Jyutping|Jyutping]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_pron.show_standard(c_rom, is_single_hanzi))) add_audio_show(textShow, c_audio, "yue") hide(c_pron.hide_standard(c_rom, is_single_hanzi)) if not args["c_note"] and is_single_hanzi and (c_rom:find("^[ao]") or c_rom:find(",[ao]")) then args["c_note"] = "The zero initial " .. format_IPA("/∅-/") .. " is commonly pronounced with a ''ng''-initial " .. format_IPA("/ŋ-/") .. " in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese" end hide_note("c") end if c_dg_rom then local c_dg_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/Dongguan") local c_dg_display = c_dg_rom:gsub(","," / ") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show(c_sep .. "<small>(<i>[[w:zh:東莞話|Dongguan]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Dongguan|Jyutping++]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_dg_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, c_dg_audio, "yue") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:zh:東莞話|Dongguan]], [[w:Guancheng Subdistrict|Guancheng]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Dongguan|Jyutping++]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(c_dg_display)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:東莞話|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(c_dg_pron.jpp_to_ipa(c_dg_rom))) hide_note("c-dg") end if c_t_rom then local c_t_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/Taishanese") local c_t_display = c_t_rom:gsub(","," / ") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show(c_sep .. "<small>(<i>[[w:Taishanese|Taishan]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Taishanese|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_t_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, c_t_audio, "zhx-tai") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Taishanese|Taishanese]], [[w:Taicheng Subdistrict|Taicheng]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Taishanese|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(c_t_display)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Taishanese|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(c_t_pron.hoisanva_to_ipa(c_t_rom))) hide_note("c-t") end if c_yj_rom then local c_yj_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/Yangjiang") local c_yj_display = c_yj_rom:gsub(","," / ") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show(c_sep .. "<small>(<i>[[w:zh:陽江話|Yangjiang]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Yangjiang|Jyutping++]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_yj_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, c_yj_audio, "yue") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:zh:陽江話|Yangjiang Yue]], [[w:Jiangcheng, Yangjiang|Jiangcheng]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Yangjiang|Jyutping++]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(c_yj_display)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Gao–Yang Yue|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(c_yj_pron.jpp_to_ipa(c_yj_rom))) hide_note("c-yj") end end end if has_var("g") then local g_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/gan-pron") if g_rom then show("\n* [[w:Gan Chinese|Gan]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Gan|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(g_pron.rom(g_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, g_audio, "gan") hide("\n* [[w:Gan Chinese|Gan]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Nanchang dialect|Nanchang]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Gan|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(g_pron.rom(g_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Nanchang dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. g_pron.ipa(g_rom) .. "/")) hide_note("g") end if h_rom and (find(h_rom, "pfs=.") or find(h_rom, "gd=.") or find(h_rom, "hrs=.") or find(h_rom, "ct=.")) or #h_audio > 0 then local h_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/hak-pron") if find(h_rom, "pfs=.") or find(h_rom, "gd=.") or find(h_rom, "hrs=.") or find(h_rom, "ct=.") then show("\n* [[w:Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]") show(h_pron.rom_display(h_rom,"yes")) end add_audio_show(textShow, h_audio, "hak") hide("\n* [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Hakka|Hakka]]") if h_rom then hide(h_pron.rom_display(h_rom,"")) end hide_note("h") end if has_var("j") then local j_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cjy-pron") if j_rom then show("\n* [[w:Jin Chinese|Jin]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Jin|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(j_pron.rom(j_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, j_audio, "cjy") hide("\n* [[w:Jin Chinese|Jin]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Taiyuan|Taiyuan]]</i>)^{[[:w:zh:太原話|+]]}</small>") if j_rom then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Jin|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(j_pron.rom(j_rom))) end local no_sandhi = false local roms = split(j_rom, "/") for i = 1, #roms do if find(roms[i], " [^ ]+ ") then no_sandhi = true break end end hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] (<i>old-style" .. (no_sandhi and ", no sandhi" or "") .. "</i>)</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. j_pron.ipa(j_rom, no_sandhi and "no_sandhi" or "") .. "/")) hide_note("j") end if has_var("mb") then local mb_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/mnp-pron") if mb_rom then show("\n* [[w:Northern Min|Northern Min]] <small>(<i>[[w:Kienning Colloquial Romanized|KCR]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mb_pron.rom(mb_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, mb_audio, "mnp") hide("\n* [[w:Northern Min|Northern Min]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Jian'ou dialect|Jian'ou]]</i>)</small>") if mb_rom then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Kienning Colloquial Romanized|Kienning Colloquial Romanized]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mb_pron.rom(mb_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Jian'ou dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(mb_pron.ipa(mb_rom))) end hide_note("mb") end if has_var("md") then local md_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cdo-pron") if md_rom then show("\n* [[w:Eastern Min|Eastern Min]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Eastern Min|BUC]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(md_pron.rom(md_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, md_audio, "cdo") hide("\n* [[w:Eastern Min|Eastern Min]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Fuzhou dialect|Fuzhou]]</i>)</small>") if md_rom then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Eastern Min|Bàng-uâ-cê]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(md_pron.rom(md_rom))) if not (md_rom and find(md_rom, "([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)")) then hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Fuzhou dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. md_pron.ipa(md_rom) .. "/")) else hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Fuzhou dialect|key]])} (<i>no sandhi</i>)</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. md_pron.ipa(md_rom, "no_sandhi") .. "/")) end end hide_note("md") end if has_var("px") then local px_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cpx-pron") show("\n* [[w:Puxian Min|Puxian Min]]") show(px_pron.rom_display(px_rom,"brief")) add_audio_show(textShow, px_audio, "cpx") hide("\n* [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Puxian Min|Puxian Min]]") if px_rom then hide(px_pron.rom_display(px_rom,"complete")) end hide_note("px") end if has_var("mn") or has_var("mn-l") or has_var("mn-t") then local mn_pron, mn_l_pron if has_var("mn") or has_var("mn-t") then mn_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/nan-pron") end if has_var("mn-l") then mn_l_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/luh-pron") end if mn_rom or mn_t_rom or mn_l_rom then show("\n* [[w:Southern Min|Southern Min]]") if mn_rom then show(((mn_l_rom or mn_t_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Hokkien|Hokkien]], [[w:Pe̍h-ōe-jī|POJ]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mn_pron.poj_display(mn_pron.poj_check_invalid(mn_rom)))) add_audio_show(textShow, mn_audio, "nan-hbl") end if mn_t_rom then show(((mn_rom or mn_l_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[w:Peng'im|Peng'im]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mn_pron.pengim_display(mn_t_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, mn_t_audio, "nan-tws") end if mn_l_rom then show(((mn_rom or mn_t_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Leizhou Min|Leizhou]], Leizhou Pinyin</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mn_l_pron.rom(mn_l_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, mn_l_audio, "luh") end end hide("\n* [[w:Southern Min|Southern Min]]") if has_var("mn") then hide(mn_pron.generate_all(mn_rom)) hide_note("mn") end if has_var("mn-t") then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Teochew dialect|Teochew]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Peng'im|Peng'im]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mn_pron.pengim_display(mn_t_rom))) hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Pe̍h-ōe-jī|Pe̍h-ōe-jī]]-like</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mn_pron.pengim_to_pojlike_conv(mn_t_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:潮州話#語音|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(mn_pron.pengim_to_ipa_conv(mn_t_rom))) hide_note("mn-t") end if has_var("mn-l") then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Leizhou Min|Leizhou]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>Leizhou Pinyin</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mn_l_pron.rom(mn_l_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(mn_l_pron.ipa(mn_l_rom))) hide_note("mn-l") end end if has_var("sp") then local sp_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/csp-pron") local sp_processed = sp_rom:gsub(",([^ ])",", %1") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show("\n* [[w:Pinghua|Southern Pinghua]] <small>(<i>[[w:Pinghua|Nanning]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Southern Pinghua|Jyutping++]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(sp_processed)) add_audio_show(textShow, sp_audio, "csp") hide("\n* [[w:Pinghua|Southern Pinghua]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Pinghua|Nanning Pinghua]], [[w:Nanning|Tingzi]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Southern Pinghua|Jyutping++]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(sp_processed)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Pinghua#Phonology|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(sp_pron.jpp_to_ipa(sp_rom))) hide_note("sp") end if has_var("w") or has_var("w-j") then local w_count = (w_rom and 1 or 0) + (w_j_rom and 1 or 0) local w_show, w_hide, w_j_show, w_j_hide if w_rom then w_show, w_hide = require("Module:Wt/mnc/wuu-pron").make(w_rom, w_count) end if w_j_rom then w_j_show, w_j_hide = require("Module:Wt/mnc/wuu-pron/Jinhua").make(w_j_rom, w_count) end if w_count > 1 then show("\n* [[w:Wu Chinese|Wu]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Wu|Wugniu]]</i>)</small>") else show("\n* [[w:Wu Chinese|Wu]]") end show(w_show) show(w_j_show) add_audio_show(textShow, w_audio, "wuu") hide("\n* [[w:Wu Chinese|Wu]]") hide(w_hide) hide(w_j_hide) -- add_audio(textHide, w_audio, "wuu") hide_note("w") hide_note("w-j") end if has_var("x") or has_var("x-l") or has_var("x-h") then local x_pron = has_var("x") and require("Module:Wt/mnc/hsn-pron") or nil local x_l_pron = has_var("x-l") and require("Module:Wt/mnc/hsn-pron-Loudi") or nil local x_h_pron = has_var("x-h") and require("Module:Wt/mnc/hsn-pron-Hengyang") or nil if x_rom or x_l_rom or x_h_rom then show("\n* [[w:Xiang Chinese|Xiang]]") if x_rom then show(((x_l_rom or x_h_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Changsha dialect|Changsha]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(x_pron.rom(x_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, x_audio, "hsn") end if x_l_rom then show(((x_rom or x_h_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:zh:娄底话|Loudi]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Loudi|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(x_l_pron.rom(x_l_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, x_l_audio, "hsn-lou") end if x_h_rom then show(((x_rom or x_l_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Hengyang dialect|Hengyang]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Hengyang|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(x_h_pron.rom(x_h_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, x_h_audio, "hsn-hya") end end hide("\n* [[w:Xiang Chinese|Xiang]]") if x_rom then local x_diff = x_pron.stylediff(x_rom) hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Changsha dialect|Changsha]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(x_pron.rom(x_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Changsha dialect|key]])}") hide(x_diff and " (<i>old-style</i>)" or "") hide("</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_pron.ipa(x_rom) .. "/")) if x_diff then hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Changsha dialect|key]])} (<i>new-style</i>)</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_pron.ipa(x_rom, "new") .. "/")) end hide_note("x") end if x_l_rom then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:zh:娄底话|Loudi]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Loudi|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(x_l_pron.rom(x_l_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:娄底话|key]])}") hide("</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_l_pron.ipa(x_l_rom) .. "/")) hide_note("x-l") end if x_h_rom then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Hengyang dialect|Hengyang]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Hengyang|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(x_h_pron.rom(x_h_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Hengyang dialect|key]])}") hide("</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_h_pron.ipa(x_h_rom) .. "/")) hide_note("x-h") end end -- combine textShow and textHide into text text = { concat(textShow), '<span class="vsToggleElement" style="float: right;"></span>\n<div class="vsHide" style="clear:right;">\n<hr>\n', concat(textHide), "</div></div>" } --Part 3 "Dialectal data" if dial ~= "n" and is_single_hanzi then local success, m_dial = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/dial-pron/" .. pagename) if success then local dialPron = {} local temporary = {} if dial and find(dial, "^[0-9\\,]+$") then for element in gsplit(dial, ",") do insert(dialPron, m_dial[tonumber(element)]) end else for _, element in ipairs(m_dial) do insert(dialPron, element) end end for _, set in ipairs(dialPron) do for _, object in ipairs(set[2]) do insert(temporary, object) end end insert(text, '\n<hr style="clear:right;">\n<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations" style="background-color:var(--wikt-palette-palergreen, #F8FFFA)">\n* ' .. 'Dialectal data' .. '<span class="vsToggleElement" style="float:right; padding:0 0"></span>\n' .. '<div class="vsHide">' ) insert(text, '\n{| class="wikitable" ' .. '" style="width:100%; margin:0; ' .. 'text-align:center; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden; display: table;"') local locStart = "\n|-\n!" local readingStart = concat({'\n!style="background:var(--wikt-palette-indigo-3, #e0defa); width:9em"|', '<div style="float: right; clear: right; font-size:60%"><span class="plainlinks">[', tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/dial-pron/" .. pagename, {["action"]="edit"})), ' edit]</span></div><span lang="zh" class="Hani">'}) local locEnd = '<span class="IPA">' local headclr = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-indigo-3, #e0defa)"|' -- NOTE: -- These colours are duplicated in [[Module:Wt/mnc/zh/dial-syn]]. -- Make sure the two lists are kept in sync. local mandarinColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-amber-1, #FCFAF5)"|' local jinColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-orange-1, #F9F0E8)"|' local wuColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-purple-1, #F5F0FC)"|' local huiColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-yellow-1, #FCFAF5)"|' local xiangColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-blue-1, #ECF2FC)"|' local ganColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-teal-1, #EAF4EF)"|' local hakkaColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-blue-1, #ECF2FC)"|' local cantoneseColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-cyan-1, #EBF3F5)"|' local minColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-green-1, #EDF4EA)"|' local clrList = { mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, jinColor, jinColor, jinColor, wuColor, wuColor, wuColor, wuColor, huiColor, huiColor, xiangColor, xiangColor, ganColor, hakkaColor, hakkaColor, cantoneseColor, cantoneseColor, cantoneseColor, minColor, minColor, minColor, minColor, minColor } local locList = { concat({headclr, "Variety\n!", headclr, "Location"}), concat({"rowspan=17 ", mandarinColor, "Mandarin\n!", mandarinColor, "[[w:Beijing dialect|Beijing]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Harbin dialect|halbin]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Tianjin dialect|Tianjin]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Jinan dialect|Jinan]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Qingdao dialect|Qingdao]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:鄭州話|Zhengzhou]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Xi'an dialect|Xi'an]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Xining|Xining]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Yinchuan|Yinchuan]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:蘭州話|Lanzhou]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:烏魯木齊話|Ürümqi]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:武漢話|Wuhan]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Chengdu dialect|Chengdu]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:貴陽話|Guiyang]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Kunming dialect|Kunming]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Nanjing dialect|Nanjing]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:合肥話|Hefei]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({"rowspan=3 ", jinColor, "Jin\n!", jinColor, "[[w:zh:太原話|Taiyuan]]\n|", jinColor}), concat({jinColor, "[[w:Pingyao|Pingyao]]\n|", jinColor}), concat({jinColor, "[[w:Hohhot dialect|Hohhot]]\n|", jinColor}), concat({"rowspan=4 ", wuColor, "Wu\n!", wuColor, "[[w:Shanghai dialect|Shanghai]]\n|", wuColor}), concat({wuColor, "[[w:Suzhou dialect|Suzhou]]\n|", wuColor}), concat({wuColor, "[[w:Hangzhou dialect|Hangzhou]]\n|" , wuColor}), concat({wuColor, "[[w:Wenzhou dialect|Wenzhou]]\n|", wuColor}), concat({"rowspan=2 ", huiColor, "Hui\n!", huiColor, "[[w:Shexian|Shexian]]\n|", huiColor}), concat({huiColor, "[[w:zh:屯溪話|Tunxi]]\n|", huiColor}), concat({"rowspan=2 ", xiangColor, "Xiang\n!", xiangColor, "[[w:Changsha dialect|Changsha]]\n|", xiangColor}), concat({xiangColor, "[[w:zh:湘潭話|Xiangtan]]\n|", xiangColor}), concat({ganColor, "Gan\n!", ganColor, "[[w:Nanchang dialect|Nanchang]]\n|", ganColor}), concat({"rowspan=2 ", hakkaColor, "Hakka\n!", hakkaColor, "[[w:Meixian dialect|Meixian]]\n|", hakkaColor}), concat({hakkaColor, "[[w:Taoyuan, Taiwan|Taoyuan]]\n|", hakkaColor}), concat({"rowspan=3 ", cantoneseColor, "Cantonese\n!", cantoneseColor, "[[w:Guangzhou dialect|Guangzhou]]\n|", cantoneseColor}), concat({cantoneseColor, "[[w:Nanning|Nanning]]\n|", cantoneseColor}), concat({cantoneseColor, "[[w:Hong Kong dialect|Hong Kong]]\n|", cantoneseColor}), concat({"rowspan=5 ", minColor, "Min\n!", minColor, "[[w:Xiamen dialect|Xiamen]] (Hokkien)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Fuzhou dialect|Fuzhou]] (Eastern Min)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Jian'ou dialect|Jian'ou]] (Northern Min)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Shantou dialect|Shantou]] (Teochew)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Haikou dialect|Haikou]] (Hainanese)\n|", minColor})} local function ipa_correct(ipa, location) if location == 22 then return (gsub(ipa, "13", "23")) else return ipa end end local function fmtDial(text, location) local fmttedPron = {} if text == "" then return "" end for pronunciation in gsplit(text, "|") do local ipa = match(pronunciation, "^[^%(%)" .. hanzi .. "～,]+") ipa = gsub(ipa, "([ptk])([0-5])", "%1̚%2") local environ = match(pronunciation, "[%(%)" .. hanzi .. "～,]*$") or false insert(fmttedPron, "<span class=\"IPA\"><small>/" .. tostring(ipa_format(ipa_correct(ipa, location))) .. "/</small></span>" .. (environ and " <span class=\"Hani\" lang=\"zh\"><small>"..environ.."</small></span>" or nil)) end return concat(fmttedPron, "<br>") end for locationNo = 1, 40 do for readingNo = 1, #dialPron do if readingNo == 1 then insert(text, locStart) insert(text, locList[locationNo]) end if locationNo == 1 then local situation = dialPron[readingNo][1] insert(text, readingStart) insert(text, pagename) insert(text, (pagename ~= situation and " (" .. gsub(situation, pagename, "<b>" .. pagename .. "</b>") .. ")" or "")) insert(text, "</span>") else insert(text, (readingNo == 1 and "" or "\n|" .. clrList[locationNo-1])) insert(text, locEnd) insert(text, fmtDial(dialPron[readingNo][2][locationNo-1], locationNo)) insert(text, "</span>") end end end insert(text, "\n|}</div></div>") end end --Part 4 "Middle Chinese & Old Chinese" local mc_preview, oc_preview local m_ltc_pron, m_och_pron -- !!! -- The following function modifies the tables generated by mod:ltc-pron and mod:och-pron, shifting them -- from using "mw-collapsible" to using "vsSwitcher", because the former -- can not collapse on the mobile site and makes Chinese entries a mess. -- It is supposed to be a temporary solution. -- !!! local function shiftCustomtoggle2Vsswitcher(s) local result result = (s:gsub( '\n%* <div title="expand" class="mw%-customtoggle[^>]+">', '\n<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations">\n* ' ):gsub( '<span style="float:right; border:1px solid var%(%-%-wikt%-palette%-lightgrey,#ccc%); border%-radius:1px; padding:0 0; font%-size:90%%">▼</span>(.-)</div>\n{| class="wikitable', '<span class="vsToggleElement" style="float:right; padding:0 0"></span>%1\n<div class="vsHide">\n{| class="wikitable' ):gsub( '{| class="wikitable mw%-collapsible mw%-collapsed" id="[^"]+"', '{| class="wikitable"' ):gsub( "\n|}$", "\n|}</div></div>" )) return result end if mc then m_ltc_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/ltc-pron") mc_preview = m_ltc_pron.retrieve_pron(pagename, false, mc, true) if not mc_preview then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track")("zh-pron/Middle Chinese data not found") mc = nil end end if oc then m_och_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/och-pron") oc_preview = m_och_pron.generate_show(pagename, oc) if not oc_preview then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track")("zh-pron/Old Chinese data not found") oc = nil end end if mc or oc then insert(text, '\n<hr style="clear:right;">\n<div style="background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lighterblue, #ebf4ff); margin: 0 -5px -5px; padding: 0 5px 5px;">') if mc then insert(text, shiftCustomtoggle2Vsswitcher(m_ltc_pron.ipa(mc, mc_preview))) end if oc then insert(text, shiftCustomtoggle2Vsswitcher(m_och_pron.ipa(oc, oc_preview))) end insert(text, "</div>") end insert(text, "</div>") if namespace == "" or namespace == "-" then if mc then if is_single_hanzi then if mc_preview:find("k̚$") then insert(text, "[[Category:Middle Chinese -k characters|" .. sortkey .. "]]") elseif mc_preview:find("t̚$") then insert(text, "[[Category:Middle Chinese -t characters|" .. sortkey .. "]]") elseif mc_preview:find("p̚$") then insert(text, "[[Category:Middle Chinese -p characters|" .. sortkey .. "]]") end end end if not args["cat"] then insert(text, "[[Category:zh-pron usage missing POS]]") end end end local conv_text = {} --categories if namespace == "" or namespace == "-" then local catText = args["cat"] or "" local cat_start = "[[Category:" local cat_end = "]]" if w_rom then w_rom = gsub(w_rom, "%d", "") end local function add_cat(cat_table, name, cat) insert(cat_table, cat_start .. name .. cat .. "|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end local cats = split(catText, ",", true) for i = 1, #cats do if pos_aliases_cat[cats[i]] == "chengyu" then insert(cats, i, "idioms") break end end insert(cats, 1, "lemmas") if is_single_hanzi then insert(cats, 2, "hanzi") end for i = 1, #cats do local cat = cats[i] if cat == "" then break end cat = gsub(cat, "^ +", "") if find(cat, ":") then local cat_split = split(cat, ":", true) local lang_name = langname_abbr[cat_split[1]] local category = pos_aliases_cat[cat_split[2]] or cat add_cat(conv_text, "nikan gisun -i ", category) insert(conv_text, cat_start .. lang_name .. " " .. category .. "|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) else cat = pos_aliases_cat[cat] or cat add_cat(conv_text, "nikan gisun -i ", cat) if m_rom or m_x_rom or m_nj_rom then add_cat(conv_text, "alban -i gisun ", cat) end if has_var("m-s") then add_cat(conv_text, "sy cuwan gisun -i ", cat) end if has_var("dg") then add_cat(conv_text, "dunggan gisun -i ", cat) end if c_rom or c_dg_rom or c_yj_rom then add_cat(conv_text, "guwangdung gisun -i ", cat) end if c_t_rom then add_cat(conv_text, "toi san gisun -i ", cat) end if has_var("g") then add_cat(conv_text, "giyangsi gisun -i ", cat) end if h_rom and (find(h_rom, "pfs=.") or find(h_rom, "gd=.") or find(h_rom, "hrs=.") or find(h_rom, "ct=.")) or #h_audio > 0 then add_cat(conv_text, "hakka gisun ", cat) end if has_var("j") then add_cat(conv_text, "Jin ", cat) end if has_var("mb") then add_cat(conv_text, "Northern Min ", cat) end if has_var("md") then add_cat(conv_text, "Eastern Min ", cat) end if has_var("mn") then add_cat(conv_text, "fugiyan gisun ", cat) end if has_var("mn-t") then add_cat(conv_text, "Teochew ", cat) end if has_var("mn-l") then add_cat(conv_text, "Leizhou Min ", cat) end if has_var("px") then add_cat(conv_text, "Puxian Min ", cat) end if has_var("sp") then add_cat(conv_text, "Southern Pinghua ", cat) end if has_var("w") then add_cat(conv_text, "u gisun ", cat) end if has_var("w-j") then add_cat(conv_text, "u gisun ", cat) end if has_var("x") then add_cat(conv_text, "Xiang ", cat) end if has_var("x-l") then add_cat(conv_text, "Xiang ", cat) end if has_var("x-h") then add_cat(conv_text, "Xiang ", cat) end if mc and has_var("mc") then add_cat(conv_text, "Middle Chinese ", cat) end if oc and has_var("oc") then add_cat(conv_text, "Old Chinese ", cat) end end end if not args.only_cat then insert(conv_text, cat_start .. "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end if not args.poj_form_zh_see then if not find(pagename, "[" .. hanzi .. bopomofo .. "]") then insert(conv_text, cat_start .. "Chinese terms written in foreign scripts|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end -- TODO: handle Zhuyin. -- Note: this parses any IDS to pick out the full character. for _, character in ipairs(explode_chars(pagename)) do if match(character, "[" .. hanzi .. "%%%+%-·×々〻𖿣⿰-⿿㇯]") then insert(conv_text, cat_start .. "Chinese terms spelled with " .. character .. "|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end end end end local output = concat(text) .. concat(conv_text) if namespace ~= "" and namespace ~= "-" then output = gsub(output, "%[%[Category:[^%]]+%]%]", "") end return output end return export n4cq62ch6o9n2e3op5lc6dbaz8cfnc6 7240874 7240871 2026-07-06T10:39:11Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240874 Scribunto text/plain local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local codepoint = m_str_utils.codepoint local concat = table.concat local explode_chars = require("Module:Wt/mnc/Hani").explode_chars local find = m_str_utils.find local format = string.format local gmatch = m_str_utils.gmatch local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local insert = table.insert local ipairs = ipairs local match = m_str_utils.match local pairs = pairs local split = m_str_utils.split local gsplit = m_str_utils.gsplit local export = {} local hanzi = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts").getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters() local bopomofo = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts").getByCode("Bopo"):getCharacters() local langname = { ["cdo"] = "Eastern Min", ["cjy"] = "sansi gisun", ["cpx"] = "Puxian Min", ["cmn"] = "alban -i gisun", ["csp"] = "Southern Pinghua", ["dng"] = "dunggan gisun", ["gan"] = "giyangsi gisun", ["hak"] = "hakka gisun", ["hsn"] = "hūnan gisun", ["hsn-lou"] = "hūnan gisun", ["hsn-hya"] = "hūnan gisun", ["luh"] = "Leizhou Min", ["mnp"] = "Northern Min", ["nan-hbl"] = "julergi fugiyan", ["nan-tws"] = "Teochew", ["wuu"] = "u gisun", ["wuu-jih"] = "u gisun", ["yue"] = "guwangdung", ["zhx-sic"] = "sy cuwan", ["zhx-tai"] = "toi san", } local langname_abbr = { ["m"] = "alban", ["m-s"] = "sy cuwan", ["m-x"] = "alban", ["m-nj"] = "nan ging", ["dg"] = "gunggan", ["c"] = "guwangdung", ["c-dg"] = "guwangdung", ["c-t"] = "toi san", ["c-yj"] = "guwangdung", ["g"] = "gan", ["h"] = "hakka", ["j"] = "jin", ["mb"] = "amargi min", ["mc"] = "Middle Chinese", ["md"] = "min dung", ["mn"] = "julergi fugiyan", ["mn-t"] = "Teochew", ["mn-l"] = "Leizhou Min", ["oc"] = "Old Chinese", ["px"] = "Puxian Min", ["sp"] = "Southern Pinghua", ["w"] = "u", ["w-j"] = "u", ["x"] = "hūnan", ["x-l"] = "loo di hūnan", ["x-h"] = "heng yang hūnan", } local pos_aliases_cat = { ["n"] = "nouns", ["noun"] = "nouns", ["pn"] = "proper nouns", ["propn"] = "proper nouns", ["proper"] = "proper nouns", ["proper noun"] = "proper nouns", ["pron"] = "pronouns", ["pronoun"] = "pronouns", ["v"] = "verbs", ["verb"] = "verbs", ["a"] = "adjectives", ["adj"] = "adjectives", ["adjective"] = "adjectives", ["adv"] = "adverbs", ["adverb"] = "adverbs", ["prep"] = "prepositions", ["pre"] = "prepositions", ["postp"] = "postpositions", ["post"] = "postpositions", ["con"] = "conjunctions", ["conj"] = "conjunctions", ["conjunction"] = "conjunctions", ["part"] = "particles", ["particle"] = "particles", ["pref"] = "prefixes", ["prefix"] = "prefixes", ["suf"] = "suffixes", ["suffix"] = "suffixes", ["infix"] = "infixes", ["prov"] = "proverbs", ["proverb"] = "proverbs", ["id"] = "idioms", ["idiom"] = "idioms", ["ch"] = "chengyu", ["cy"] = "chengyu", ["4ci"] = "chengyu", ["ph"] = "phrases", ["phrase"] = "phrases", ["int"] = "interjections", ["intj"] = "interjections", ["interj"] = "interjections", ["interjection"] = "interjections", ["cl"] = "classifiers", ["cls"] = "classifiers", ["classifier"] = "classifiers", ["num"] = "numerals", ["numeral"] = "numerals", ["abb"] = "abbreviations", ["abbreviation"] = "abbreviations", ["det"] = "determiners", ["deter"] = "determiners", ["determiner"] = "determiners", ["syl"] = "syllables", ["syll"] = "syllables", ["syllable"] = "syllables", } local function make_note(text) if find(text, ": ") then text = "\n*" .. gsub(gsub(text, "\n", ".\n*"), "([:;]) ", "%1\n**") elseif find(text, "; ") then text = "\n*" .. gsub(text, "; ", ";\n*") end text = gsub(text, "“([^”]+)”", function (a) return "“" .. gsub(a, ";\n%*+", "; ") .. "”" end) -- fix bug about indentation levels (see https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?oldid=78848651) local last_level = ("\n"..text):match("\n(%**)[^*\n][^\n]*$") local append = last_level:gsub("%*","<ul>") return "\n<div style=\"border: 1px solid var(--wikt-palette-forestgreen, #235923); padding: 4px; margin: 8px; background: var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0); font-size: 85%\">'''Note''': " .. text .. ".</div>" .. append end local function ipa_format(text) local numbers = { ["1"]="¹",["2"]="²",["3"]="³",["4"]="⁴",["5"]="⁵",["0"]="⁰",["-"]="⁻",["/"]="/, /" } return gsub(text,"[0-5%-/]",numbers) end local function Consolas(text) return '<span class="zhpron-monospace">' .. text .. "</span>" end local function format_IPA(text) return '<span class="IPA">' .. text .. "</span>" end function export.make(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args local params = { pagename = {}, namespace = {}, dial = {}, mc = {}, oc = {}, cat = {}, only_cat = {type = "boolean"}, poj_form_zh_see = {type = "boolean"}, } for abbr, _ in pairs(langname_abbr) do params[abbr] = {} params[abbr .. "a"] = {list = true} params[abbr .. "_note"] = {} end local args = require("Module:Wt/mnc/parameters").process(parent_args, params, nil, "zh-pron", "make") local pagename = args.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename local sortkey = (require("Module:Wt/mnc/Hani-sortkey").makeSortKey(pagename)) local is_single_hanzi = find(pagename, "^[" .. hanzi .. "]$") ~= nil local namespace = args.namespace or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText local m_rom = args["m"] local m_s_rom = args["m-s"] local m_x_rom = args["m-x"] local m_nj_rom = args["m-nj"] local dg_rom = args["dg"] local c_rom = args["c"] local c_dg_rom = args["c-dg"] local c_t_rom = args["c-t"] local c_yj_rom = args["c-yj"] local g_rom = args["g"] local h_rom = args["h"] local j_rom = args["j"] local mb_rom = args["mb"] local md_rom = args["md"] local mn_rom = args["mn"] local mn_l_rom = args["mn-l"] local mn_t_rom = args["mn-t"] local px_rom = args["px"] local sp_rom = args["sp"] local w_rom = args["w"] local w_j_rom = args["w-j"] local x_rom = args["x"] local x_l_rom = args["x-l"] local x_h_rom = args["x-h"] local m_audio = args["ma"] local m_s_audio = args["m-sa"] local m_x_audio = args["m-xa"] local m_nj_audio = args["m-nja"] local dg_audio = args["dga"] local c_audio = args["ca"] local c_dg_audio = args["c-dga"] local c_t_audio = args["c-ta"] local c_yj_audio = args["c-yja"] local g_audio = args["ga"] local h_audio = args["ha"] local j_audio = args["ja"] local mb_audio = args["mba"] local md_audio = args["mda"] local mn_audio = args["mna"] local mn_l_audio = args["mn-la"] local mn_t_audio = args["mn-ta"] local px_audio = args["pxa"] local sp_audio = args["spa"] local w_audio = args["wa"] local w_j_audio = args["w-ja"] local x_audio = args["xa"] local x_l_audio = args["x-la"] local x_h_audio = args["x-ha"] local dial = args["dial"] local mc = args["mc"] local oc = args["oc"] local only_cat = args["only_cat"] -- True if arguments exist for the specified variety, using a language param abbreviation. local function has_var(var) return args[var] or #args[var .. "a"] > 0 end local function add_audio(text, audios, lang, show) -- This function has side effects for _, audio in ipairs(audios) do if audio == "y" then audio = format("%s-%s.ogg", lang, pagename) end insert(text, "\n*" .. (show and "::" or "**") .. " [[File:") insert(text, audio) insert(text, "]]") end if #audios > 0 then insert(text, "[[Category:") insert(text, langname[lang]) insert(text, " terms with audio pronunciation|" .. sortkey .. "]]") end end local function add_audio_show(text, audios, lang) add_audio(text, audios, lang, "show") end local text = {} --the pronunciation table if not only_cat then --The whole table consists of 4 parts --"textShow" contains Part 1, 3 and 4 local textShow = {'<div class="standard-box zhpron" style="overflow:auto; max-width:500px; font-size:100%">'} --"textHide" is Part 2 local textHide = {} local function show(txt) insert(textShow, txt) end local function hide(txt) insert(textHide, txt) end local function hide_note(var) local note = args[var .. "_note"] if note then hide(make_note(note)) end end show('<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations">') --Part 1 and 2, "Pronunciation" and "Pronunciation expressed in different romanizations" if m_rom or m_s_rom or m_x_rom or m_nj_rom or dg_rom then show("\n* [[w:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]") end if has_var("m") then local m_args = {} local m_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron") if m_rom then local str_analysis = m_pron.str_analysis local other_m_vars = has_var("m-s") or has_var("m-x") or has_var("m-nj") or has_var("dg") show("\n" .. str_analysis(m_rom, "head", other_m_vars)) m_args[1] = str_analysis(m_rom, "") for i = 2, 5 do m_args[i] = str_analysis(m_rom, tostring(i)) end local m_args_params_prefixed_with_1 = {"n", "na", "nb", "nc", "nd"} for _, base in ipairs(m_args_params_prefixed_with_1) do for i = 1, 5 do local param = tostring(i) .. base m_args[param] = str_analysis(m_rom, param) end end local m_args_params = {"py", "cap", "tl", "tl2", "tl3", "a", "audio", "er", "ertl", "ertl2", "ertl3", "era", "eraudio"} for _, base in ipairs(m_args_params) do m_args[base] = str_analysis(m_rom, base) for i = 2, 5 do local param = tostring(i) .. base m_args[param] = str_analysis(m_rom, param) end end end for i, audio in ipairs(m_audio) do local ind = i == 1 and "" or tostring(i) m_args[ind .. "a"] = audio end show(m_pron.make_audio(m_args)) hide(m_pron.make_args(m_args)) hide_note("m") end if (not m_rom) and (m_s_rom or m_x_rom or m_nj_rom or dg_rom) then hide("\n* [[w:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]") end if has_var("m-s") then local m_s_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zhx-sic-pron") local m_s_processed = gsub(m_s_rom:gsub("/", " / "), "([%d-])([%a])", "%1 %2") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") if m_s_rom then show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Sichuanese dialect|Chengdu]], [[w:Sichuanese Pinyin|Sichuanese Pinyin]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(m_s_processed)) end add_audio_show(textShow, m_s_audio, "zhx-sic") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Chengdu|Chengdu]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Sichuanese Pinyin|Sichuanese Pinyin]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_s_processed)) local xinwenz = m_s_pron.convert(m_s_rom, "SWZ") if xinwenz then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:zh:四川话拉丁化新文字|Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_s_pron.convert(m_s_rom, "SWZ"))) end hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:成都话|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(m_s_pron.convert(m_s_rom, "IPA"))) hide_note("m-s") end if has_var("m-x") then local m_x_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron-Xian") local m_x_display, m_x_hidden, m_x_ipa = m_x_pron.py_process(m_x_rom) show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Guanzhong dialect|Xi'an]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xi'an|Guanzhong Pinyin]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(m_x_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, m_x_audio, "cmn") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Xi'an|Xi'an]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xi'an|Guanzhong Pinyin]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_x_hidden)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Guanzhong dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(m_x_ipa)) hide_note("m-x") end if has_var("m-nj") then local m_nj_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron-Nanjing") local m_nj_display, m_nj_hidden, m_nj_num, m_nj_ipa = m_nj_pron.py_process(m_nj_rom) show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Nanjing dialect|Nanjing]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Nanjing|Nanjing Pinyin]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(m_nj_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, m_nj_audio, "cmn") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Nanjing|Nanjing]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Nanjing|Nanjing Pinyin]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_nj_hidden)) hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Nanjing|Nanjing Pinyin]] (numbered)</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(m_nj_num)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Nanjing dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(m_nj_ipa)) hide_note("m-nj") end if has_var("dg") then local dg_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/dng-pron") local dg_processed = dg_pron.process(dg_rom) if dg_rom then show("\n*: <small>(<i>[[w:Dungan language|Dungan]], [[w:Dungan alphabet|Cyrillic]] and [[Wiktionary:Dungan transliteration|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(dg_processed)) end add_audio_show(textShow, dg_audio, "dng") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:en:Dungan language|dunggan]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:en:Dungan alphabet|Cyrillic]] and [[Wiktionary:Dungan transliteration|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(dg_processed)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Dungan phonology|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(dg_pron.convert(dg_rom, "IPA")) .. "\n**: <small>(Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)</small>") hide_note("dg") end if has_var("c") or has_var("c-dg") or has_var("c-t") or has_var("c-yj") then if c_rom or c_dg_rom or c_t_rom or c_yj_rom then local c_count = (c_rom and 1 or 0) + (c_dg_rom and 1 or 0) + (c_t_rom and 1 or 0) + (c_yj_rom and 1 or 0) local c_sep = (c_count == 1) and " " or "\n*: " show("\n* [[w:Cantonese|Cantonese]]") hide("\n* [[w:Cantonese|Cantonese]]") if c_rom then local c_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron") show(c_sep) show("<small>(<i>") if c_count > 1 then show("[[w:Guangzhou Cantonese|Guangzhou]]–[[w:Hong Kong Cantonese|Hong Kong]], ") end show("[[w:Jyutping|Jyutping]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_pron.show_standard(c_rom, is_single_hanzi))) add_audio_show(textShow, c_audio, "yue") hide(c_pron.hide_standard(c_rom, is_single_hanzi)) if not args["c_note"] and is_single_hanzi and (c_rom:find("^[ao]") or c_rom:find(",[ao]")) then args["c_note"] = "The zero initial " .. format_IPA("/∅-/") .. " is commonly pronounced with a ''ng''-initial " .. format_IPA("/ŋ-/") .. " in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese" end hide_note("c") end if c_dg_rom then local c_dg_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/Dongguan") local c_dg_display = c_dg_rom:gsub(","," / ") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show(c_sep .. "<small>(<i>[[w:zh:東莞話|Dongguan]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Dongguan|Jyutping++]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_dg_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, c_dg_audio, "yue") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:zh:東莞話|Dongguan]], [[w:Guancheng Subdistrict|Guancheng]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Dongguan|Jyutping++]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(c_dg_display)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:東莞話|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(c_dg_pron.jpp_to_ipa(c_dg_rom))) hide_note("c-dg") end if c_t_rom then local c_t_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/Taishanese") local c_t_display = c_t_rom:gsub(","," / ") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show(c_sep .. "<small>(<i>[[w:Taishanese|Taishan]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Taishanese|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_t_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, c_t_audio, "zhx-tai") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Taishanese|Taishanese]], [[w:Taicheng Subdistrict|Taicheng]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Taishanese|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(c_t_display)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Taishanese|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(c_t_pron.hoisanva_to_ipa(c_t_rom))) hide_note("c-t") end if c_yj_rom then local c_yj_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/Yangjiang") local c_yj_display = c_yj_rom:gsub(","," / ") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show(c_sep .. "<small>(<i>[[w:zh:陽江話|Yangjiang]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Yangjiang|Jyutping++]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(c_yj_display)) add_audio_show(textShow, c_yj_audio, "yue") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:zh:陽江話|Yangjiang Yue]], [[w:Jiangcheng, Yangjiang|Jiangcheng]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Yangjiang|Jyutping++]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(c_yj_display)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Gao–Yang Yue|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(c_yj_pron.jpp_to_ipa(c_yj_rom))) hide_note("c-yj") end end end if has_var("g") then local g_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/gan-pron") if g_rom then show("\n* [[w:Gan Chinese|Gan]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Gan|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(g_pron.rom(g_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, g_audio, "gan") hide("\n* [[w:Gan Chinese|Gan]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Nanchang dialect|Nanchang]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Gan|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(g_pron.rom(g_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Nanchang dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. g_pron.ipa(g_rom) .. "/")) hide_note("g") end if h_rom and (find(h_rom, "pfs=.") or find(h_rom, "gd=.") or find(h_rom, "hrs=.") or find(h_rom, "ct=.")) or #h_audio > 0 then local h_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/hak-pron") if find(h_rom, "pfs=.") or find(h_rom, "gd=.") or find(h_rom, "hrs=.") or find(h_rom, "ct=.") then show("\n* [[w:Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]") show(h_pron.rom_display(h_rom,"yes")) end add_audio_show(textShow, h_audio, "hak") hide("\n* [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Hakka|Hakka]]") if h_rom then hide(h_pron.rom_display(h_rom,"")) end hide_note("h") end if has_var("j") then local j_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cjy-pron") if j_rom then show("\n* [[w:Jin Chinese|Jin]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Jin|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(j_pron.rom(j_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, j_audio, "cjy") hide("\n* [[w:Jin Chinese|Jin]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Taiyuan|Taiyuan]]</i>)^{[[:w:zh:太原話|+]]}</small>") if j_rom then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Jin|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(j_pron.rom(j_rom))) end local no_sandhi = false local roms = split(j_rom, "/") for i = 1, #roms do if find(roms[i], " [^ ]+ ") then no_sandhi = true break end end hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] (<i>old-style" .. (no_sandhi and ", no sandhi" or "") .. "</i>)</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. j_pron.ipa(j_rom, no_sandhi and "no_sandhi" or "") .. "/")) hide_note("j") end if has_var("mb") then local mb_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/mnp-pron") if mb_rom then show("\n* [[w:Northern Min|Northern Min]] <small>(<i>[[w:Kienning Colloquial Romanized|KCR]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mb_pron.rom(mb_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, mb_audio, "mnp") hide("\n* [[w:Northern Min|Northern Min]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Jian'ou dialect|Jian'ou]]</i>)</small>") if mb_rom then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Kienning Colloquial Romanized|Kienning Colloquial Romanized]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mb_pron.rom(mb_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Jian'ou dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(mb_pron.ipa(mb_rom))) end hide_note("mb") end if has_var("md") then local md_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cdo-pron") if md_rom then show("\n* [[w:Eastern Min|Eastern Min]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Eastern Min|BUC]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(md_pron.rom(md_rom))) end add_audio_show(textShow, md_audio, "cdo") hide("\n* [[w:Eastern Min|Eastern Min]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Fuzhou dialect|Fuzhou]]</i>)</small>") if md_rom then hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Eastern Min|Bàng-uâ-cê]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(md_pron.rom(md_rom))) if not (md_rom and find(md_rom, "([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)")) then hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Fuzhou dialect|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. md_pron.ipa(md_rom) .. "/")) else hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Fuzhou dialect|key]])} (<i>no sandhi</i>)</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. md_pron.ipa(md_rom, "no_sandhi") .. "/")) end end hide_note("md") end if has_var("px") then local px_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cpx-pron") show("\n* [[w:Puxian Min|Puxian Min]]") show(px_pron.rom_display(px_rom,"brief")) add_audio_show(textShow, px_audio, "cpx") hide("\n* [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Puxian Min|Puxian Min]]") if px_rom then hide(px_pron.rom_display(px_rom,"complete")) end hide_note("px") end if has_var("mn") or has_var("mn-l") or has_var("mn-t") then local mn_pron, mn_l_pron if has_var("mn") or has_var("mn-t") then mn_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/nan-pron") end if has_var("mn-l") then mn_l_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/luh-pron") end if mn_rom or mn_t_rom or mn_l_rom then show("\n* [[w:Southern Min|Southern Min]]") if mn_rom then show(((mn_l_rom or mn_t_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Hokkien|Hokkien]], [[w:Pe̍h-ōe-jī|POJ]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mn_pron.poj_display(mn_pron.poj_check_invalid(mn_rom)))) add_audio_show(textShow, mn_audio, "nan-hbl") end if mn_t_rom then show(((mn_rom or mn_l_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[w:Peng'im|Peng'im]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mn_pron.pengim_display(mn_t_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, mn_t_audio, "nan-tws") end if mn_l_rom then show(((mn_rom or mn_t_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Leizhou Min|Leizhou]], Leizhou Pinyin</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(mn_l_pron.rom(mn_l_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, mn_l_audio, "luh") end end hide("\n* [[w:Southern Min|Southern Min]]") if has_var("mn") then hide(mn_pron.generate_all(mn_rom)) hide_note("mn") end if has_var("mn-t") then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Teochew dialect|Teochew]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Peng'im|Peng'im]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mn_pron.pengim_display(mn_t_rom))) hide("\n*** <small><i>[[w:Pe̍h-ōe-jī|Pe̍h-ōe-jī]]-like</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mn_pron.pengim_to_pojlike_conv(mn_t_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:潮州話#語音|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(mn_pron.pengim_to_ipa_conv(mn_t_rom))) hide_note("mn-t") end if has_var("mn-l") then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Leizhou Min|Leizhou]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>Leizhou Pinyin</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(mn_l_pron.rom(mn_l_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(mn_l_pron.ipa(mn_l_rom))) hide_note("mn-l") end end if has_var("sp") then local sp_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/csp-pron") local sp_processed = sp_rom:gsub(",([^ ])",", %1") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") show("\n* [[w:Pinghua|Southern Pinghua]] <small>(<i>[[w:Pinghua|Nanning]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Southern Pinghua|Jyutping++]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(sp_processed)) add_audio_show(textShow, sp_audio, "csp") hide("\n* [[w:Pinghua|Southern Pinghua]]") hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Pinghua|Nanning Pinghua]], [[w:Nanning|Tingzi]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Southern Pinghua|Jyutping++]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(sp_processed)) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Pinghua#Phonology|key]])}</small>: ") hide(format_IPA(sp_pron.jpp_to_ipa(sp_rom))) hide_note("sp") end if has_var("w") or has_var("w-j") then local w_count = (w_rom and 1 or 0) + (w_j_rom and 1 or 0) local w_show, w_hide, w_j_show, w_j_hide if w_rom then w_show, w_hide = require("Module:Wt/mnc/wuu-pron").make(w_rom, w_count) end if w_j_rom then w_j_show, w_j_hide = require("Module:Wt/mnc/wuu-pron/Jinhua").make(w_j_rom, w_count) end if w_count > 1 then show("\n* [[w:Wu Chinese|Wu]] <small>(<i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Wu|Wugniu]]</i>)</small>") else show("\n* [[w:Wu Chinese|Wu]]") end show(w_show) show(w_j_show) add_audio_show(textShow, w_audio, "wuu") hide("\n* [[w:Wu Chinese|Wu]]") hide(w_hide) hide(w_j_hide) -- add_audio(textHide, w_audio, "wuu") hide_note("w") hide_note("w-j") end if has_var("x") or has_var("x-l") or has_var("x-h") then local x_pron = has_var("x") and require("Module:Wt/mnc/hsn-pron") or nil local x_l_pron = has_var("x-l") and require("Module:Wt/mnc/hsn-pron-Loudi") or nil local x_h_pron = has_var("x-h") and require("Module:Wt/mnc/hsn-pron-Hengyang") or nil if x_rom or x_l_rom or x_h_rom then show("\n* [[w:Xiang Chinese|Xiang]]") if x_rom then show(((x_l_rom or x_h_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Changsha dialect|Changsha]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(x_pron.rom(x_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, x_audio, "hsn") end if x_l_rom then show(((x_rom or x_h_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:zh:娄底话|Loudi]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Loudi|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(x_l_pron.rom(x_l_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, x_l_audio, "hsn-lou") end if x_h_rom then show(((x_rom or x_l_rom) and "\n*:" or "") .. " <small>(<i>[[w:Hengyang dialect|Hengyang]], [[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Hengyang|Wiktionary]]</i>)</small>: ") show(Consolas(x_h_pron.rom(x_h_rom))) add_audio_show(textShow, x_h_audio, "hsn-hya") end end hide("\n* [[w:Xiang Chinese|Xiang]]") if x_rom then local x_diff = x_pron.stylediff(x_rom) hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Changsha dialect|Changsha]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(x_pron.rom(x_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Changsha dialect|key]])}") hide(x_diff and " (<i>old-style</i>)" or "") hide("</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_pron.ipa(x_rom) .. "/")) if x_diff then hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Changsha dialect|key]])} (<i>new-style</i>)</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_pron.ipa(x_rom, "new") .. "/")) end hide_note("x") end if x_l_rom then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:zh:娄底话|Loudi]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Loudi|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(x_l_pron.rom(x_l_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:zh:娄底话|key]])}") hide("</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_l_pron.ipa(x_l_rom) .. "/")) hide_note("x-l") end if x_h_rom then hide("\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Hengyang dialect|Hengyang]]</i>)</small>") hide("\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Xiang/Hengyang|Wiktionary]]</i></small>: ") hide(Consolas(x_h_pron.rom(x_h_rom))) hide("\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ^{([[w:Hengyang dialect|key]])}") hide("</small>: ") hide(format_IPA("/" .. x_h_pron.ipa(x_h_rom) .. "/")) hide_note("x-h") end end -- combine textShow and textHide into text text = { concat(textShow), '<span class="vsToggleElement" style="float: right;"></span>\n<div class="vsHide" style="clear:right;">\n<hr>\n', concat(textHide), "</div></div>" } --Part 3 "Dialectal data" if dial ~= "n" and is_single_hanzi then local success, m_dial = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/dial-pron/" .. pagename) if success then local dialPron = {} local temporary = {} if dial and find(dial, "^[0-9\\,]+$") then for element in gsplit(dial, ",") do insert(dialPron, m_dial[tonumber(element)]) end else for _, element in ipairs(m_dial) do insert(dialPron, element) end end for _, set in ipairs(dialPron) do for _, object in ipairs(set[2]) do insert(temporary, object) end end insert(text, '\n<hr style="clear:right;">\n<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations" style="background-color:var(--wikt-palette-palergreen, #F8FFFA)">\n* ' .. 'Dialectal data' .. '<span class="vsToggleElement" style="float:right; padding:0 0"></span>\n' .. '<div class="vsHide">' ) insert(text, '\n{| class="wikitable" ' .. '" style="width:100%; margin:0; ' .. 'text-align:center; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden; display: table;"') local locStart = "\n|-\n!" local readingStart = concat({'\n!style="background:var(--wikt-palette-indigo-3, #e0defa); width:9em"|', '<div style="float: right; clear: right; font-size:60%"><span class="plainlinks">[', tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/dial-pron/" .. pagename, {["action"]="edit"})), ' edit]</span></div><span lang="zh" class="Hani">'}) local locEnd = '<span class="IPA">' local headclr = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-indigo-3, #e0defa)"|' -- NOTE: -- These colours are duplicated in [[Module:Wt/mnc/zh/dial-syn]]. -- Make sure the two lists are kept in sync. local mandarinColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-amber-1, #FCFAF5)"|' local jinColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-orange-1, #F9F0E8)"|' local wuColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-purple-1, #F5F0FC)"|' local huiColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-yellow-1, #FCFAF5)"|' local xiangColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-blue-1, #ECF2FC)"|' local ganColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-teal-1, #EAF4EF)"|' local hakkaColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-blue-1, #ECF2FC)"|' local cantoneseColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-cyan-1, #EBF3F5)"|' local minColor = 'style="background:var(--wikt-palette-grey-green-1, #EDF4EA)"|' local clrList = { mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, mandarinColor, jinColor, jinColor, jinColor, wuColor, wuColor, wuColor, wuColor, huiColor, huiColor, xiangColor, xiangColor, ganColor, hakkaColor, hakkaColor, cantoneseColor, cantoneseColor, cantoneseColor, minColor, minColor, minColor, minColor, minColor } local locList = { concat({headclr, "Variety\n!", headclr, "Location"}), concat({"rowspan=17 ", mandarinColor, "Mandarin\n!", mandarinColor, "[[w:Beijing dialect|Beijing]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Harbin dialect|halbin]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Tianjin dialect|Tianjin]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Jinan dialect|Jinan]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Qingdao dialect|Qingdao]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:鄭州話|Zhengzhou]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Xi'an dialect|Xi'an]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Xining|Xining]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Yinchuan|Yinchuan]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:蘭州話|Lanzhou]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:烏魯木齊話|Ürümqi]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:武漢話|Wuhan]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Chengdu dialect|Chengdu]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:貴陽話|Guiyang]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Kunming dialect|Kunming]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:Nanjing dialect|Nanjing]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({mandarinColor, "[[w:zh:合肥話|Hefei]]\n|", mandarinColor}), concat({"rowspan=3 ", jinColor, "Jin\n!", jinColor, "[[w:zh:太原話|Taiyuan]]\n|", jinColor}), concat({jinColor, "[[w:Pingyao|Pingyao]]\n|", jinColor}), concat({jinColor, "[[w:Hohhot dialect|Hohhot]]\n|", jinColor}), concat({"rowspan=4 ", wuColor, "Wu\n!", wuColor, "[[w:Shanghai dialect|Shanghai]]\n|", wuColor}), concat({wuColor, "[[w:Suzhou dialect|Suzhou]]\n|", wuColor}), concat({wuColor, "[[w:Hangzhou dialect|Hangzhou]]\n|" , wuColor}), concat({wuColor, "[[w:Wenzhou dialect|Wenzhou]]\n|", wuColor}), concat({"rowspan=2 ", huiColor, "Hui\n!", huiColor, "[[w:Shexian|Shexian]]\n|", huiColor}), concat({huiColor, "[[w:zh:屯溪話|Tunxi]]\n|", huiColor}), concat({"rowspan=2 ", xiangColor, "Xiang\n!", xiangColor, "[[w:Changsha dialect|Changsha]]\n|", xiangColor}), concat({xiangColor, "[[w:zh:湘潭話|Xiangtan]]\n|", xiangColor}), concat({ganColor, "Gan\n!", ganColor, "[[w:Nanchang dialect|Nanchang]]\n|", ganColor}), concat({"rowspan=2 ", hakkaColor, "Hakka\n!", hakkaColor, "[[w:Meixian dialect|Meixian]]\n|", hakkaColor}), concat({hakkaColor, "[[w:Taoyuan, Taiwan|Taoyuan]]\n|", hakkaColor}), concat({"rowspan=3 ", cantoneseColor, "Cantonese\n!", cantoneseColor, "[[w:Guangzhou dialect|Guangzhou]]\n|", cantoneseColor}), concat({cantoneseColor, "[[w:Nanning|Nanning]]\n|", cantoneseColor}), concat({cantoneseColor, "[[w:Hong Kong dialect|Hong Kong]]\n|", cantoneseColor}), concat({"rowspan=5 ", minColor, "Min\n!", minColor, "[[w:Xiamen dialect|Xiamen]] (Hokkien)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Fuzhou dialect|Fuzhou]] (Eastern Min)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Jian'ou dialect|Jian'ou]] (Northern Min)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Shantou dialect|Shantou]] (Teochew)\n|", minColor}), concat({minColor, "[[w:Haikou dialect|Haikou]] (Hainanese)\n|", minColor})} local function ipa_correct(ipa, location) if location == 22 then return (gsub(ipa, "13", "23")) else return ipa end end local function fmtDial(text, location) local fmttedPron = {} if text == "" then return "" end for pronunciation in gsplit(text, "|") do local ipa = match(pronunciation, "^[^%(%)" .. hanzi .. "～,]+") ipa = gsub(ipa, "([ptk])([0-5])", "%1̚%2") local environ = match(pronunciation, "[%(%)" .. hanzi .. "～,]*$") or false insert(fmttedPron, "<span class=\"IPA\"><small>/" .. tostring(ipa_format(ipa_correct(ipa, location))) .. "/</small></span>" .. (environ and " <span class=\"Hani\" lang=\"zh\"><small>"..environ.."</small></span>" or nil)) end return concat(fmttedPron, "<br>") end for locationNo = 1, 40 do for readingNo = 1, #dialPron do if readingNo == 1 then insert(text, locStart) insert(text, locList[locationNo]) end if locationNo == 1 then local situation = dialPron[readingNo][1] insert(text, readingStart) insert(text, pagename) insert(text, (pagename ~= situation and " (" .. gsub(situation, pagename, "<b>" .. pagename .. "</b>") .. ")" or "")) insert(text, "</span>") else insert(text, (readingNo == 1 and "" or "\n|" .. clrList[locationNo-1])) insert(text, locEnd) insert(text, fmtDial(dialPron[readingNo][2][locationNo-1], locationNo)) insert(text, "</span>") end end end insert(text, "\n|}</div></div>") end end --Part 4 "Middle Chinese & Old Chinese" local mc_preview, oc_preview local m_ltc_pron, m_och_pron -- !!! -- The following function modifies the tables generated by mod:ltc-pron and mod:och-pron, shifting them -- from using "mw-collapsible" to using "vsSwitcher", because the former -- can not collapse on the mobile site and makes Chinese entries a mess. -- It is supposed to be a temporary solution. -- !!! local function shiftCustomtoggle2Vsswitcher(s) local result result = (s:gsub( '\n%* <div title="expand" class="mw%-customtoggle[^>]+">', '\n<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations">\n* ' ):gsub( '<span style="float:right; border:1px solid var%(%-%-wikt%-palette%-lightgrey,#ccc%); border%-radius:1px; padding:0 0; font%-size:90%%">▼</span>(.-)</div>\n{| class="wikitable', '<span class="vsToggleElement" style="float:right; padding:0 0"></span>%1\n<div class="vsHide">\n{| class="wikitable' ):gsub( '{| class="wikitable mw%-collapsible mw%-collapsed" id="[^"]+"', '{| class="wikitable"' ):gsub( "\n|}$", "\n|}</div></div>" )) return result end if mc then m_ltc_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/ltc-pron") mc_preview = m_ltc_pron.retrieve_pron(pagename, false, mc, true) if not mc_preview then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track")("zh-pron/Middle Chinese data not found") mc = nil end end if oc then m_och_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/och-pron") oc_preview = m_och_pron.generate_show(pagename, oc) if not oc_preview then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track")("zh-pron/Old Chinese data not found") oc = nil end end if mc or oc then insert(text, '\n<hr style="clear:right;">\n<div style="background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lighterblue, #ebf4ff); margin: 0 -5px -5px; padding: 0 5px 5px;">') if mc then insert(text, shiftCustomtoggle2Vsswitcher(m_ltc_pron.ipa(mc, mc_preview))) end if oc then insert(text, shiftCustomtoggle2Vsswitcher(m_och_pron.ipa(oc, oc_preview))) end insert(text, "</div>") end insert(text, "</div>") if namespace == "" or namespace == "-" then if mc then if is_single_hanzi then if mc_preview:find("k̚$") then insert(text, "[[Category:Middle Chinese -k characters|" .. sortkey .. "]]") elseif mc_preview:find("t̚$") then insert(text, "[[Category:Middle Chinese -t characters|" .. sortkey .. "]]") elseif mc_preview:find("p̚$") then insert(text, "[[Category:Middle Chinese -p characters|" .. sortkey .. "]]") end end end if not args["cat"] then insert(text, "[[Category:zh-pron usage missing POS]]") end end end local conv_text = {} --categories if namespace == "" or namespace == "-" then local catText = args["cat"] or "" local cat_start = "[[Category:" local cat_end = "]]" if w_rom then w_rom = gsub(w_rom, "%d", "") end local function add_cat(cat_table, name, cat) insert(cat_table, cat_start .. name .. cat .. "|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end local cats = split(catText, ",", true) for i = 1, #cats do if pos_aliases_cat[cats[i]] == "chengyu" then insert(cats, i, "idioms") break end end insert(cats, 1, "lemmas") if is_single_hanzi then insert(cats, 2, "hanzi") end for i = 1, #cats do local cat = cats[i] if cat == "" then break end cat = gsub(cat, "^ +", "") if find(cat, ":") then local cat_split = split(cat, ":", true) local lang_name = langname_abbr[cat_split[1]] local category = pos_aliases_cat[cat_split[2]] or cat add_cat(conv_text, "nikan gisun -i ", category) insert(conv_text, cat_start .. lang_name .. " " .. category .. "|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) else cat = pos_aliases_cat[cat] or cat add_cat(conv_text, "nikan gisun -i ", cat) if m_rom or m_x_rom or m_nj_rom then add_cat(conv_text, "alban -i gisun ", cat) end if has_var("m-s") then add_cat(conv_text, "sy cuwan gisun -i ", cat) end if has_var("dg") then add_cat(conv_text, "dunggan gisun -i ", cat) end if c_rom or c_dg_rom or c_yj_rom then add_cat(conv_text, "guwangdung gisun -i ", cat) end if c_t_rom then add_cat(conv_text, "toi san gisun -i ", cat) end if has_var("g") then add_cat(conv_text, "giyangsi gisun -i ", cat) end if h_rom and (find(h_rom, "pfs=.") or find(h_rom, "gd=.") or find(h_rom, "hrs=.") or find(h_rom, "ct=.")) or #h_audio > 0 then add_cat(conv_text, "hakka gisun ", cat) end if has_var("j") then add_cat(conv_text, "Jin ", cat) end if has_var("mb") then add_cat(conv_text, "Northern Min ", cat) end if has_var("md") then add_cat(conv_text, "Eastern Min ", cat) end if has_var("mn") then add_cat(conv_text, "julergi fugiyan gisun ", cat) end if has_var("mn-t") then add_cat(conv_text, "Teochew ", cat) end if has_var("mn-l") then add_cat(conv_text, "Leizhou Min ", cat) end if has_var("px") then add_cat(conv_text, "Puxian Min ", cat) end if has_var("sp") then add_cat(conv_text, "Southern Pinghua ", cat) end if has_var("w") then add_cat(conv_text, "u gisun ", cat) end if has_var("w-j") then add_cat(conv_text, "u gisun ", cat) end if has_var("x") then add_cat(conv_text, "Xiang ", cat) end if has_var("x-l") then add_cat(conv_text, "Xiang ", cat) end if has_var("x-h") then add_cat(conv_text, "Xiang ", cat) end if mc and has_var("mc") then add_cat(conv_text, "Middle Chinese ", cat) end if oc and has_var("oc") then add_cat(conv_text, "Old Chinese ", cat) end end end if not args.only_cat then insert(conv_text, cat_start .. "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end if not args.poj_form_zh_see then if not find(pagename, "[" .. hanzi .. bopomofo .. "]") then insert(conv_text, cat_start .. "Chinese terms written in foreign scripts|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end -- TODO: handle Zhuyin. -- Note: this parses any IDS to pick out the full character. for _, character in ipairs(explode_chars(pagename)) do if match(character, "[" .. hanzi .. "%%%+%-·×々〻𖿣⿰-⿿㇯]") then insert(conv_text, cat_start .. "Chinese terms spelled with " .. character .. "|" .. sortkey .. cat_end) end end end end local output = concat(text) .. concat(conv_text) if namespace ~= "" and namespace ~= "-" then output = gsub(output, "%[%[Category:[^%]]+%]%]", "") end return output end return export lbom1tem53lh4cgofhd76sqdksgnwkx 828 3702810 7240469 7015461 2026-07-05T21:17:52Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240469 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[=[ [[Unsupported titles]], pages with high memory usage, extraction modules and part-of-speech names are listed at [[Module:Wt/mnc/links/data]]. Other modules used: [[Module:Wt/mnc/script utilities]] [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts]] [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages]] and its submodules [[Module:Wt/mnc/gender and number]] [[Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track]] ]=] local anchors_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/anchors" local debug_track_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track" local gender_and_number_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/gender and number" local languages_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/languages" local load_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/load" local memoize_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/memoize" local pages_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/pages" local pron_qualifier_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/pron qualifier" local scripts_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/scripts" local script_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/script utilities" local string_encode_entities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/string/encode entities" local string_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities" local table_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/table" local utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/utilities" local concat = table.concat local find = string.find local get_current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle local insert = table.insert local ipairs = ipairs local match = string.match local new_title = mw.title.new local pairs = pairs local remove = table.remove local sub = string.sub local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC local tostring = tostring local type = type local unstrip = mw.text.unstrip local NAMESPACE = get_current_title().nsText local function anchor_encode(...) anchor_encode = require(memoize_module)(mw.uri.anchorEncode, true) return anchor_encode(...) end local function debug_track(...) debug_track = require(debug_track_module) return debug_track(...) end local function decode_entities(...) decode_entities = require(string_utilities_module).decode_entities return decode_entities(...) end local function decode_uri(...) decode_uri = require(string_utilities_module).decode_uri return decode_uri(...) end -- Can't yet replace, as the [[Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities]] version no longer has automatic double-encoding prevention, which requires changes here to account for. local function encode_entities(...) encode_entities = require(string_encode_entities_module) return encode_entities(...) end local function extend(...) extend = require(table_module).extend return extend(...) end local function find_best_script_without_lang(...) find_best_script_without_lang = require(scripts_module).findBestScriptWithoutLang return find_best_script_without_lang(...) end local function format_categories(...) format_categories = require(utilities_module).format_categories return format_categories(...) end local function format_genders(...) format_genders = require(gender_and_number_module).format_genders return format_genders(...) end local function format_qualifiers(...) format_qualifiers = require(pron_qualifier_module).format_qualifiers return format_qualifiers(...) end local function get_current_L2(...) get_current_L2 = require(pages_module).get_current_L2 return get_current_L2(...) end local function get_lang(...) get_lang = require(languages_module).getByCode return get_lang(...) end local function get_script(...) get_script = require(scripts_module).getByCode return get_script(...) end local function language_anchor(...) language_anchor = require(anchors_module).language_anchor return language_anchor(...) end local function load_data(...) load_data = require(load_module).load_data return load_data(...) end local function request_script(...) request_script = require(script_utilities_module).request_script return request_script(...) end local function shallow_copy(...) shallow_copy = require(table_module).shallowCopy return shallow_copy(...) end local function split(...) split = require(string_utilities_module).split return split(...) end local function tag_text(...) tag_text = require(script_utilities_module).tag_text return tag_text(...) end local function tag_translit(...) tag_translit = require(script_utilities_module).tag_translit return tag_translit(...) end local function trim(...) trim = require(string_utilities_module).trim return trim(...) end local function u(...) u = require(string_utilities_module).char return u(...) end local function ulower(...) ulower = require(string_utilities_module).lower return ulower(...) end local function umatch(...) umatch = require(string_utilities_module).match return umatch(...) end local m_headword_data local function get_headword_data() m_headword_data = load_data("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data") return m_headword_data end local function track(page, code) local tracking_page = "links/" .. page debug_track(tracking_page) if code then debug_track(tracking_page .. "/" .. code) end end local function selective_trim(...) -- Unconditionally trimmed charset. local always_trim = "\194\128-\194\159" .. -- U+0080-009F (C1 control characters) "\194\173" .. -- U+00AD (soft hyphen) "\226\128\170-\226\128\174" .. -- U+202A-202E (directionality formatting characters) "\226\129\166-\226\129\169" -- U+2066-2069 (directionality formatting characters) -- Standard trimmed charset. local standard_trim = "%s" .. -- (default whitespace charset) "\226\128\139-\226\128\141" .. -- U+200B-200D (zero-width spaces) always_trim -- If there are non-whitespace characters, trim all characters in `standard_trim`. -- Otherwise, only trim the characters in `always_trim`. selective_trim = function(text) if text == "" then return text end local trimmed = trim(text, standard_trim) if trimmed ~= "" then return trimmed end return trim(text, always_trim) end return selective_trim(...) end local function escape(text, str) local rep repeat text, rep = text:gsub("\\\\(\\*" .. str .. ")", "\5%1") until rep == 0 return (text:gsub("\\" .. str, "\6")) end local function unescape(text, str) return (text :gsub("\5", "\\") :gsub("\6", str)) end -- Remove bold, italics, soft hyphens, strip markers and HTML tags. local function remove_formatting(str) str = str :gsub("('*)'''(.-'*)'''", "%1%2") :gsub("('*)''(.-'*)''", "%1%2") :gsub("­", "") return (unstrip(str) :gsub("<[^<>]+>", "")) end --[==[Takes an input and splits on a double slash (taking account of escaping backslashes).]==] function export.split_on_slashes(text) if text:find("\\", nil, true) then track("escaped", "split_on_slashes") end text = split(escape(text, "//"), "//", true) or {} for i, v in ipairs(text) do text[i] = unescape(v, "//") if v == "" then text[i] = false end end return text end --[==[Takes a wikilink and outputs the link target and display text. By default, the link target will be returned as a title object, but if `allow_bad_target` is set it will be returned as a string, and no check will be performed as to whether it is a valid link target.]==] function export.get_wikilink_parts(text, allow_bad_target) -- TODO: replace `allow_bad_target` with `allow_unsupported`, with support for links to unsupported titles, including escape sequences. if ( -- Filters out anything but "[[...]]" with no intermediate "[[" or "]]". not match(text, "^()%[%[") or -- Faster than sub(text, 1, 2) ~= "[[". find(text, "[[", 3, true) or find(text, "]]", 3, true) ~= #text - 1 ) then return nil, nil end local pipe, title, display = find(text, "|", 3, true) if pipe then title, display = sub(text, 3, pipe - 1), sub(text, pipe + 1, -3) else title = sub(text, 3, -3) display = title end if allow_bad_target then return title, display end title = new_title(title) -- No title object means the target is invalid. if title == nil then return nil, nil -- If the link target starts with "#" then mw.title.new returns a broken -- title object, so grab the current title and give it the correct fragment. elseif title.prefixedText == "" then local fragment = title.fragment if fragment == "" then -- [[#]] isn't valid return nil, nil end title = get_current_title() title.fragment = fragment end return title, display end -- Does the work of export.get_fragment, but can be called directly to avoid unnecessary checks for embedded links. local function get_fragment(text) text = escape(text, "#") -- Replace numeric character references with the corresponding character (&#39; → '), -- as they contain #, which causes the numeric character reference to be -- misparsed (wa'a → wa&#39;a → pagename wa&, fragment 39;a). text = decode_entities(text) local target, fragment = text:match("^(.-)#(.+)$") target = target or text target = unescape(target, "#") fragment = fragment and unescape(fragment, "#") return target, fragment end --[==[Takes a link target and outputs the actual target and the fragment (if any).]==] function export.get_fragment(text) if text:find("\\", nil, true) then track("escaped", "get_fragment") end -- If there are no embedded links, process input. local open = find(text, "[[", nil, true) if not open then return get_fragment(text) end local close = find(text, "]]", open + 2, true) if not close then return get_fragment(text) -- If there is one, but it's redundant (i.e. encloses everything with no pipe), remove and process. elseif open == 1 and close == #text - 1 and not find(text, "|", 3, true) then return get_fragment(sub(text, 3, -3)) end -- Otherwise, return the input. return text end --[==[ Given a link target as passed to `full_link()`, get the actual page that the target refers to. This removes bold, italics, strip markets and HTML; calls `makeEntryName()` for the language in question; converts targets beginning with `*` to the Reconstruction namespace; and converts appendix-constructed languages to the Appendix namespace. Returns up to three values: # the actual page to link to, or {nil} to not link to anything; # how the target should be displayed as, if the user didn't explicitly specify any display text; generally the same as the original target, but minus any anti-asterisk !!; # the value `true` if the target had a backslash-escaped * in it (FIXME: explain this more clearly). ]==] function export.get_link_page_with_auto_display(target, lang, sc, plain) local orig_target = target if not target then return nil elseif target:find("\\", nil, true) then track("escaped", "get_link_page") end target = remove_formatting(target) if target:sub(1, 1) == ":" then track("initial colon") -- FIXME, the auto_display (second return value) should probably remove the colon return target:sub(2), orig_target end local prefix = target:match("^(.-):") -- Convert any escaped colons target = target:gsub("\\:", ":") if prefix then -- If this is an a link to another namespace or an interwiki link, ensure there's an initial colon and then -- return what we have (so that it works as a conventional link, and doesn't do anything weird like add the term -- to a category.) prefix = ulower(trim(prefix)) if prefix ~= "" and ( load_data("Module:Wt/mnc/data/namespaces")[prefix] or load_data("Module:Wt/mnc/data/interwikis")[prefix] ) then return target, orig_target end end -- Check if the term is reconstructed and remove any asterisk. Also check for anti-asterisk (!!). -- Otherwise, handle the escapes. local reconstructed, escaped, anti_asterisk if not plain then target, reconstructed = target:gsub("^%*(.)", "%1") if reconstructed == 0 then target, anti_asterisk = target:gsub("^!!(.)", "%1") if anti_asterisk == 1 then -- Remove !! from original. FIXME! We do it this way because the call to remove_formatting() above -- may cause non-initial !! to be interpreted as anti-asterisks. We should surely move the -- remove_formatting() call later. orig_target = orig_target:gsub("^!!", "") end end end target, escaped = target:gsub("^(\\-)\\%*", "%1*") if not (sc and sc:getCode() ~= "None") then sc = lang:findBestScript(target) end -- Remove carets if they are used to capitalize parts of transliterations (unless they have been escaped). if (not sc:hasCapitalization()) and sc:isTransliterated() and target:match("%^") then target = escape(target, "^") :gsub("%^", "") target = unescape(target, "^") end -- Get the entry name for the language. target = lang:makeEntryName(target, sc, reconstructed == 1 or lang:hasType("appendix-constructed")) -- If the link contains unexpanded template parameters, then don't create a link. if target:match("{{{.-}}}") then -- FIXME: Should we return the original target as the default display value (second return value)? return nil end -- Link to appendix for reconstructed terms and terms in appendix-only languages. Plain links interpret * -- literally, however. if reconstructed == 1 then if lang:getFullCode() == "und" then -- Return the original target as default display value. If we don't do this, we wrongly get -- [Term?] displayed instead. return nil, orig_target end target = "Reconstruction:" .. lang:getFullName() .. "/" .. target -- Reconstructed languages and substrates require an initial *. elseif anti_asterisk ~= 1 and (lang:hasType("reconstructed") or lang:getFamilyCode() == "qfa-sub") then error(("The specified language %s is unattested, while the term '%s' does not begin with '*' to indicate that it is reconstructed."): format(lang:getCanonicalName(), orig_target)) elseif lang:hasType("appendix-constructed") then target = "Appendix:" .. lang:getFullName() .. "/" .. target else target = target end return target, orig_target, escaped > 0 end function export.get_link_page(target, lang, sc, plain) local target, auto_display, escaped = export.get_link_page_with_auto_display(target, lang, sc, plain) return target, escaped end -- Make a link from a given link's parts local function make_link(link, lang, sc, id, isolated, cats, no_alt_ast, plain) -- Convert percent encoding to plaintext. link.target = link.target and decode_uri(link.target, "PATH") link.fragment = link.fragment and decode_uri(link.fragment, "PATH") -- Find fragments (if one isn't already set). -- Prevents {{l|en|word#Etymology 2|word}} from linking to [[word#Etymology 2#English]]. -- # can be escaped as \#. if link.target and link.fragment == nil then link.target, link.fragment = get_fragment(link.target) end -- Process the target local auto_display, escaped link.target, auto_display, escaped = export.get_link_page_with_auto_display(link.target, lang, sc, plain) -- Create a default display form. -- If the target is "" then it's a link like [[#English]], which refers to the current page. if auto_display == "" then auto_display = (m_headword_data or get_headword_data()).pagename end -- If the display is the target and the reconstruction * has been escaped, remove the escaping backslash. if escaped then auto_display = auto_display:gsub("\\([^\\]*%*)", "%1", 1) end -- Process the display form. if link.display then local orig_display = link.display link.display = lang:makeDisplayText(link.display, sc, true) if cats then auto_display = lang:makeDisplayText(auto_display, sc) -- If the alt text is the same as what would have been automatically generated, then the alt parameter is redundant (e.g. {{l|en|foo|foo}}, {{l|en|w:foo|foo}}, but not {{l|en|w:foo|w:foo}}). -- If they're different, but the alt text could have been entered as the term parameter without it affecting the target page, then the target parameter is redundant (e.g. {{l|ru|фу|фу́}}). -- If `no_alt_ast` is true, use pcall to catch the error which will be thrown if this is a reconstructed lang and the alt text doesn't have *. if link.display == auto_display then insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " links with redundant alt parameters") else local ok, check if no_alt_ast then ok, check = pcall(export.get_link_page, orig_display, lang, sc, plain) else ok = true check = export.get_link_page(orig_display, lang, sc, plain) end if ok and link.target == check then insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " links with redundant target parameters") end end end else link.display = lang:makeDisplayText(auto_display, sc) end if not link.target then return link.display end -- If the target is the same as the current page, there is no sense id -- and either the language code is "und" or the current L2 is the current -- language then return a "self-link" like the software does. if link.target == get_current_title().prefixedText then local fragment, current_L2 = link.fragment, get_current_L2() if ( fragment and fragment == current_L2 or not (id or fragment) and (lang:getFullCode() == "und" or lang:getFullName() == current_L2) ) then return tostring(mw.html.create("strong") :addClass("selflink") :wikitext(link.display)) end end -- Add fragment. Do not add a section link to "Undetermined", as such sections do not exist and are invalid. -- TabbedLanguages handles links without a section by linking to the "last visited" section, but adding -- "Undetermined" would break that feature. For localized prefixes that make syntax error, please use the -- format: ["xyz"] = true. local prefix = link.target:match("^:*([^:]+):") prefix = prefix and ulower(prefix) if prefix ~= "category" and not (prefix and load_data("Module:Wt/mnc/data/interwikis")[prefix]) then if (link.fragment or link.target:sub(-1) == "#") and not plain then track("fragment", lang:getFullCode()) if cats then insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " links with manual fragments") end end if not link.fragment then if id then link.fragment = lang:getFullCode() == "und" and anchor_encode(id) or language_anchor(lang, id) elseif lang:getFullCode() ~= "und" and not (link.target:match("^Appendix:") or link.target:match("^Reconstruction:")) then link.fragment = anchor_encode(lang:getFullName()) end end end -- Put inward-facing square brackets around a link to isolated spacing character(s). if isolated and #link.display > 0 and not umatch(decode_entities(link.display), "%S") then link.display = "&#x5D;" .. link.display .. "&#x5B;" end link.target = link.target:gsub("^(:?)(.*)", function(m1, m2) return m1 .. encode_entities(m2, "#%&+/:<=>@[\\]_{|}") end) link.fragment = link.fragment and encode_entities(remove_formatting(link.fragment), "#%&+/:<=>@[\\]_{|}") return "[[" .. link.target:gsub("^[^:]", ":%0") .. (link.fragment and "#" .. link.fragment or "") .. "|" .. link.display .. "]]" end -- Split a link into its parts local function parse_link(linktext) local link = {target = linktext} local target = link.target link.target, link.display = target:match("^(..-)|(.+)$") if not link.target then link.target = target link.display = target end -- There's no point in processing these, as they aren't real links. local target_lower = link.target:lower() for _, false_positive in ipairs({"category", "cat", "file", "image"}) do if target_lower:match("^" .. false_positive .. ":") then return nil end end link.display = decode_entities(link.display) link.target, link.fragment = get_fragment(link.target) -- So that make_link does not look for a fragment again. if not link.fragment then link.fragment = false end return link end local function check_params_ignored_when_embedded(alt, lang, id, cats) if alt then track("alt-ignored") if cats then insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " links with ignored alt parameters") end end if id then track("id-ignored") if cats then insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " links with ignored id parameters") end end end -- Find embedded links and ensure they link to the correct section. local function process_embedded_links(text, alt, lang, sc, id, cats, no_alt_ast, plain) -- Process the non-linked text. text = lang:makeDisplayText(text, sc, true) -- If the text begins with * and another character, then act as if each link begins with *. However, don't do this if the * is contained within a link at the start. E.g. `|*[[foo]]` would set all_reconstructed to true, while `|[[*foo]]` would not. local all_reconstructed = false if not plain then -- anchor_encode removes links etc. if anchor_encode(text):sub(1, 1) == "*" then all_reconstructed = true end -- Otherwise, handle any escapes. text = text:gsub("^(\\-)\\%*", "%1*") end check_params_ignored_when_embedded(alt, lang, id, cats) local function process_link(space1, linktext, space2) local capture = "[[" .. linktext .. "]]" local link = parse_link(linktext) -- Return unprocessed false positives untouched (e.g. categories). if not link then return capture end if all_reconstructed then if link.target:find("^!!") then -- Check for anti-asterisk !! at the beginning of a target, indicating that a reconstructed term -- wants a part of the term to link to a non-reconstructed term, e.g. Old English -- {{ang-noun|m|head=*[[!!Crist|Cristes]] [[!!mæsseǣfen]]}}. link.target = link.target:sub(3) -- Also remove !! from the display, which may have been copied from the target (as in mæsseǣfen in -- the example above). link.display = link.display:gsub("^!!", "") elseif not link.target:match("^%*") then link.target = "*" .. link.target end end linktext = make_link(link, lang, sc, id, false, nil, no_alt_ast, plain) :gsub("^%[%[", "\3") :gsub("%]%]$", "\4") return space1 .. linktext .. space2 end -- Use chars 1 and 2 as temporary substitutions, so that we can use charsets. These are converted to chars 3 and 4 by process_link, which means we can convert any remaining chars 1 and 2 back to square brackets (i.e. those not part of a link). text = text :gsub("%[%[", "\1") :gsub("%]%]", "\2") -- If the script uses ^ to capitalize transliterations, make sure that any carets preceding links are on the inside, so that they get processed with the following text. if ( text:find("^", nil, true) and not sc:hasCapitalization() and sc:isTransliterated() ) then text = escape(text, "^") :gsub("%^\1", "\1%^") text = unescape(text, "^") end text = text:gsub("\1(%s*)([^\1\2]-)(%s*)\2", process_link) -- Remove the extra * at the beginning of a language link if it's immediately followed by a link whose display begins with * too. if all_reconstructed then text = text:gsub("^%*\3([^|\1-\4]+)|%*", "\3%1|*") end return (text :gsub("[\1\3]", "[[") :gsub("[\2\4]", "]]") ) end local function simple_link(term, fragment, alt, lang, sc, id, cats, no_alt_ast, srwc) local plain if lang == nil then lang, plain = get_lang("und"), true end -- Get the link target and display text. If the term is the empty string, treat the input as a link to the current page. if term == "" then term = get_current_title().prefixedText elseif term then local new_term, new_alt = export.get_wikilink_parts(term, true) if new_term then check_params_ignored_when_embedded(alt, lang, id, cats) -- [[|foo]] links are treated as plaintext "[[|foo]]". -- FIXME: Pipes should be handled via a proper escape sequence, as they can occur in unsupported titles. if new_term == "" then term, alt = nil, term else local title = new_title(new_term) if title then local ns = title.namespace -- File: and Category: links should be returned as-is. if ns == 6 or ns == 14 then return term end end term, alt = new_term, new_alt if cats then if not (srwc and srwc(term, alt)) then insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " links with redundant wikilinks") end end end end end if alt then alt = selective_trim(alt) if alt == "" then alt = nil end end -- If there's nothing to process, return nil. if not (term or alt) then return nil end -- If there is no script, get one. if not sc then sc = lang:findBestScript(alt or term) end -- Embedded wikilinks need to be processed individually. if term then local open = find(term, "[[", nil, true) if open and find(term, "]]", open + 2, true) then return process_embedded_links(term, alt, lang, sc, id, cats, no_alt_ast, plain) end term = selective_trim(term) -- ========================================== if not alt then alt = term end if not string.match(term, "^Wt/mnc/") then term = "Wt/mnc/" .. term end -- ========================================== end -- If not, make a link using the parameters. return make_link({ target = term, display = alt, fragment = fragment }, lang, sc, id, true, cats, no_alt_ast, plain) end --[==[Creates a basic link to the given term. It links to the language section (such as <code>==English==</code>), but it does not add language and script wrappers, so any code that uses this function should call the <code class="n">[[Module:Wt/mnc/script utilities#tag_text|tag_text]]</code> from [[Module:Wt/mnc/script utilities]] to add such wrappers itself at some point. The first argument, <code class="n">data</code>, may contain the following items, a subset of the items used in the <code class="n">data</code> argument of <code class="n">full_link</code>. If any other items are included, they are ignored. { { term = entry_to_link_to, alt = link_text_or_displayed_text, lang = language_object, id = sense_id, } } ; <code class="n">term</code> : Text to turn into a link. This is generally the name of a page. The text can contain wikilinks already embedded in it. These are processed individually just like a single link would be. The <code class="n">alt</code> argument is ignored in this case. ; <code class="n">alt</code> (''optional'') : The alternative display for the link, if different from the linked page. If this is {{code|lua|nil}}, the <code class="n">text</code> argument is used instead (much like regular wikilinks). If <code class="n">text</code> contains wikilinks in it, this argument is ignored and has no effect. (Links in which the alt is ignored are tracked with the tracking template {{whatlinkshere|tracking=links/alt-ignored}}.) ; <code class="n">lang</code> : The [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages#Language objects|language object]] for the term being linked. If this argument is defined, the function will determine the language's canonical name (see [[Template:language data documentation]]), and point the link or links in the <code class="n">term</code> to the language's section of an entry, or to a language-specific senseid if the <code class="n">id</code> argument is defined. ; <code class="n">id</code> (''optional'') : Sense id string. If this argument is defined, the link will point to a language-specific sense id ({{ll|en|identifier|id=HTML}}) created by the template {{temp|senseid}}. A sense id consists of the language's canonical name, a hyphen (<code>-</code>), and the string that was supplied as the <code class="n">id</code> argument. This is useful when a term has more than one sense in a language. If the <code class="n">term</code> argument contains wikilinks, this argument is ignored. (Links in which the sense id is ignored are tracked with the tracking template {{whatlinkshere|tracking=links/id-ignored}}.) The second argument is as follows: ; <code class="n">allow_self_link</code> : If {{code|lua|true}}, the function will also generate links to the current page. The default ({{code|lua|false}}) will not generate a link but generate a bolded "self link" instead. The following special options are processed for each link (both simple text and with embedded wikilinks): * The target page name will be processed to generate the correct entry name. This is done by the [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages#makeEntryName|makeEntryName]] function in [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages]], using the <code class="n">entry_name</code> replacements in the language's data file (see [[Template:language data documentation]] for more information). This function is generally used to automatically strip dictionary-only diacritics that are not part of the normal written form of a language. * If the text starts with <code class="n">*</code>, then the term is considered a reconstructed term, and a link to the Reconstruction: namespace will be created. If the text contains embedded wikilinks, then <code class="n">*</code> is automatically applied to each one individually, while preserving the displayed form of each link as it was given. This allows linking to phrases containing multiple reconstructed terms, while only showing the * once at the beginning. * If the text starts with <code class="n">:</code>, then the link is treated as "raw" and the above steps are skipped. This can be used in rare cases where the page name begins with <code class="n">*</code> or if diacritics should not be stripped. For example: ** {{temp|l|en|*nix}} links to the nonexistent page [[Reconstruction:English/nix]] (<code class="n">*</code> is interpreted as a reconstruction), but {{temp|l|en|:*nix}} links to [[*nix]]. ** {{temp|l|sl|Franche-Comté}} links to the nonexistent page [[Franche-Comte]] (<code>é</code> is converted to <code>e</code> by <code class="n">makeEntryName</code>), but {{temp|l|sl|:Franche-Comté}} links to [[Franche-Comté]].]==] function export.language_link(data) if type(data) ~= "table" then error("The first argument to the function language_link must be a table. See Module:Wt/mnc/links/documentation for more information.") elseif data.term and data.term:find("\\", nil, true) or data.alt and data.alt:find("\\", nil, true) then track("escaped", "language_link") end -- Categorize links to "und". local lang, cats = data.lang, data.cats if cats and lang:getCode() == "und" then insert(cats, "Undetermined language links") end return simple_link( data.term, data.fragment, data.alt, lang, data.sc, data.id, cats, data.no_alt_ast, data.suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat ) end function export.plain_link(data) if type(data) ~= "table" then error("The first argument to the function plain_link must be a table. See Module:Wt/mnc/links/documentation for more information.") elseif data.term and data.term:find("\\", nil, true) or data.alt and data.alt:find("\\", nil, true) then track("escaped", "plain_link") end return simple_link( data.term, data.fragment, data.alt, nil, data.sc, data.id, data.cats, data.no_alt_ast, data.suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat ) end --[==[Replace any links with links to the correct section, but don't link the whole text if no embedded links are found. Returns the display text form.]==] function export.embedded_language_links(data) if type(data) ~= "table" then error("The first argument to the function embedded_language_links must be a table. See Module:Wt/mnc/links/documentation for more information.") elseif data.term and data.term:find("\\", nil, true) or data.alt and data.alt:find("\\", nil, true) then track("escaped", "embedded_language_links") end local term, lang, sc = data.term, data.lang, data.sc -- If we don't have a script, get one. if not sc then sc = lang:findBestScript(term) end -- Do we have embedded wikilinks? If so, they need to be processed individually. local open = find(term, "[[", nil, true) if open and find(term, "]]", open + 2, true) then return process_embedded_links(term, data.alt, lang, sc, data.id, data.cats, data.no_alt_ast) end -- If not, return the display text. term = selective_trim(term) -- FIXME: Double-escape any percent-signs, because we don't want to treat non-linked text as having percent-encoded characters. This is a hack: percent-decoding should come out of [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages]] and only dealt with in this module, as it's specific to links. term = term:gsub("%%", "%%25") return lang:makeDisplayText(term, sc, true) end function export.mark(text, item_type, face, lang) local tag = { "", "" } if item_type == "gloss" then tag = { '<span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">', '</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span>' } if type(text) == "string" and text:match("^''[^'].*''$") then -- Temporary tracking for mention glosses that are entirely italicized or bolded, which is probably -- wrong. (Note that this will also find bolded mention glosses since they use triple apostrophes.) track("italicized-mention-gloss", lang and lang:getFullCode() or nil) end elseif item_type == "tr" then if face == "term" then tag = { '<span lang="' .. lang:getFullCode() .. '" class="tr mention-tr Latn">', '</span>' } else tag = { '<span lang="' .. lang:getFullCode() .. '" class="tr Latn">', '</span>' } end elseif item_type == "ts" then -- \226\129\160 = word joiner (zero-width non-breaking space) U+2060 tag = { '<span class="ts mention-ts Latn">/\226\129\160', '\226\129\160/</span>' } elseif item_type == "pos" then tag = { '<span class="ann-pos">', '</span>' } elseif item_type == "non-gloss" then tag = { '<span class="ann-non-gloss">', '</span>' } elseif item_type == "annotations" then tag = { '<span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span>', '<span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>' } end if type(text) == "string" then return tag[1] .. text .. tag[2] else return "" end end local pos_tags --[==[Formats the annotations that are displayed with a link created by {{code|lua|full_link}}. Annotations are the extra bits of information that are displayed following the linked term, and include things such as gender, transliteration, gloss and so on. * The first argument is a table possessing some or all of the following keys: *:; <code class="n">genders</code> *:: Table containing a list of gender specifications in the style of [[Module:Wt/mnc/gender and number]]. *:; <code class="n">tr</code> *:: Transliteration. *:; <code class="n">gloss</code> *:: Gloss that translates the term in the link, or gives some other descriptive information. *:; <code class="n">pos</code> *:: Part of speech of the linked term. If the given argument matches one of the aliases in `pos_aliases` in [[Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data]], or consists of a part of speech or alias followed by `f` (for a non-lemma form), expand it appropriately. Otherwise, just show the given text as it is. *:; <code class="n">ng</code> *:: Arbitrary non-gloss descriptive text for the link. This should be used in preference to putting descriptive text in `gloss` or `pos`. *:; <code class="n">lit</code> *:: Literal meaning of the term, if the usual meaning is figurative or idiomatic. *:Any of the above values can be omitted from the <code class="n">info</code> argument. If a completely empty table is given (with no annotations at all), then an empty string is returned. * The second argument is a string. Valid values are listed in [[Module:Wt/mnc/script utilities/data]] "data.translit" table.]==] function export.format_link_annotations(data, face) local output = {} -- Interwiki link if data.interwiki then insert(output, data.interwiki) end -- Genders if type(data.genders) ~= "table" then data.genders = { data.genders } end if data.genders and #data.genders > 0 then local genders, gender_cats = format_genders(data.genders, data.lang) insert(output, "&nbsp;" .. genders) if gender_cats then local cats = data.cats if cats then extend(cats, gender_cats) end end end local annotations = {} -- Transliteration and transcription if data.tr and data.tr[1] or data.ts and data.ts[1] then local kind if face == "term" then kind = face else kind = "default" end if data.tr[1] and data.ts[1] then insert(annotations, tag_translit(data.tr[1], data.lang, kind) .. " " .. export.mark(data.ts[1], "ts")) elseif data.ts[1] then insert(annotations, export.mark(data.ts[1], "ts")) else insert(annotations, tag_translit(data.tr[1], data.lang, kind)) end end -- Gloss/translation if data.gloss then insert(annotations, export.mark(data.gloss, "gloss")) end -- Part of speech if data.pos then -- debug category for pos= containing transcriptions if data.pos:match("/[^><]-/") then data.pos = data.pos .. "[[Category:links likely containing transcriptions in pos]]" end -- Canonicalize part of speech aliases as well as non-lemma aliases like 'nf' or 'nounf' for "noun form". pos_tags = pos_tags or (m_headword_data or get_headword_data()).pos_aliases local pos = pos_tags[data.pos] if not pos and data.pos:find("f$") then local pos_form = data.pos:sub(1, -2) -- We only expand something ending in 'f' if the result is a recognized non-lemma POS. pos_form = (pos_tags[pos_form] or pos_form) .. " form" if (m_headword_data or get_headword_data()).nonlemmas[pos_form .. "s"] then pos = pos_form end end insert(annotations, export.mark(pos or data.pos, "pos")) end -- Non-gloss text if data.ng then insert(annotations, export.mark(data.ng, "non-gloss")) end -- Literal/sum-of-parts meaning if data.lit then insert(annotations, "literally " .. export.mark(data.lit, "gloss")) end -- Provide a hook to insert additional annotations such as nested inflections. if data.postprocess_annotations then data.postprocess_annotations { data = data, annotations = annotations } end if #annotations > 0 then insert(output, " " .. export.mark(concat(annotations, ", "), "annotations")) end return concat(output) end -- Encode certain characters to avoid various delimiter-related issues at various stages. We need to encode < and > -- because they end up forming part of CSS class names inside of <span ...> and will interfere with finding the end -- of the HTML tag. I first tried converting them to URL encoding, i.e. %3C and %3E; they then appear in the URL as -- %253C and %253E, which get mapped back to %3C and %3E when passed to [[Module:Wt/mnc/accel]]. But mapping them to &lt; -- and &gt; somehow works magically without any further work; they appear in the URL as < and >, and get passed to -- [[Module:Wt/mnc/accel]] as < and >. I have no idea who along the chain of calls is doing the encoding and decoding. If -- someone knows, please modify this comment appropriately! local accel_char_map local function get_accel_char_map() accel_char_map = { ["%"] = ".", [" "] = "_", ["_"] = u(0xFFF0), ["<"] = "&lt;", [">"] = "&gt;", } return accel_char_map end local function encode_accel_param_chars(param) return (param:gsub("[% <>_]", accel_char_map or get_accel_char_map())) end local function encode_accel_param(prefix, param) if not param then return "" end if type(param) == "table" then local filled_params = {} -- There may be gaps in the sequence, especially for translit params. local maxindex = 0 for k in pairs(param) do if type(k) == "number" and k > maxindex then maxindex = k end end for i = 1, maxindex do filled_params[i] = param[i] or "" end -- [[Module:Wt/mnc/accel]] splits these up again. param = concat(filled_params, "*~!") end -- This is decoded again by [[WT:ACCEL]]. return prefix .. encode_accel_param_chars(param) end local function insert_if_not_blank(list, item) if item == "" then return end insert(list, item) end local function get_class(lang, tr, accel, nowrap) if not accel and not nowrap then return "" end local classes = {} if accel then insert(classes, "form-of lang-" .. lang:getFullCode()) local form = accel.form if form then insert(classes, encode_accel_param_chars(form) .. "-form-of") end insert_if_not_blank(classes, encode_accel_param("gender-", accel.gender)) insert_if_not_blank(classes, encode_accel_param("pos-", accel.pos)) insert_if_not_blank(classes, encode_accel_param("transliteration-", accel.translit or (tr ~= "-" and tr or nil))) insert_if_not_blank(classes, encode_accel_param("target-", accel.target)) insert_if_not_blank(classes, encode_accel_param("origin-", accel.lemma)) insert_if_not_blank(classes, encode_accel_param("origin_transliteration-", accel.lemma_translit)) if accel.no_store then insert(classes, "form-of-nostore") end end if nowrap then insert(classes, nowrap) end return concat(classes, " ") end -- Add any left or right regular or accent qualifiers, labels or references to a formatted term. `data` is the object -- specifying the term, which should optionally contain: -- * a language object in `lang`; required if any accent qualifiers or labels are given; -- * left regular qualifiers in `q` (an array of strings or a single string); an empty array or blank string will be -- ignored; -- * right regular qualifiers in `qq` (an array of strings or a single string); an empty array or blank string will be -- ignored; -- * left accent qualifiers in `a` (an array of strings); an empty array will be ignored; -- * right accent qualifiers in `aa` (an array of strings); an empty array will be ignored; -- * left labels in `l` (an array of strings); an empty array will be ignored; -- * right labels in `ll` (an array of strings); an empty array will be ignored; -- * references in `refs`, an array either of strings (formatted reference text) or objects containing fields `text` -- (formatted reference text) and optionally `name` and/or `group`. -- `formatted` is the formatted version of the term itself. local function add_qualifiers_and_refs_to_term(data, formatted) local q = data.q if type(q) == "string" then q = {q} end local qq = data.qq if type(qq) == "string" then qq = {qq} end if q and q[1] or qq and qq[1] or data.a and data.a[1] or data.aa and data.aa[1] or data.l and data.l[1] or data.ll and data.ll[1] or data.refs and data.refs[1] then formatted = format_qualifiers{ lang = data.lang, text = formatted, q = q, qq = qq, a = data.a, aa = data.aa, l = data.l, ll = data.ll, refs = data.refs, } end return formatted end --[==[ Creates a full link, with annotations (see `[[#format_link_annotations|format_link_annotations]]`), in the style of {{tl|l}} or {{tl|m}}. The first argument, `data`, must be a table. It contains the various elements that can be supplied as parameters to {{tl|l}} or {{tl|m}}: { { term = entry_to_link_to, alt = link_text_or_displayed_text, lang = language_object, sc = script_object, track_sc = boolean, no_nonstandard_sc_cat = boolean, fragment = link_fragment, id = sense_id, genders = { "gender1", "gender2", ... }, tr = transliteration, respect_link_tr = boolean, ts = transcription, gloss = gloss, pos = part_of_speech_tag, ng = non-gloss text, lit = literal_translation, no_alt_ast = boolean, accel = {accelerated_creation_tags}, interwiki = interwiki, pretext = "text_at_beginning" or nil, posttext = "text_at_end" or nil, q = { "left_qualifier1", "left_qualifier2", ...} or "left_qualifier", qq = { "right_qualifier1", "right_qualifier2", ...} or "right_qualifier", l = { "left_label1", "left_label2", ...}, ll = { "right_label1", "right_label2", ...}, a = { "left_accent_qualifier1", "left_accent_qualifier2", ...}, aa = { "right_accent_qualifier1", "right_accent_qualifier2", ...}, refs = { "formatted_ref1", "formatted_ref2", ...} or { {text = "text", name = "name", group = "group"}, ... }, show_qualifiers = boolean, } } Any one of the items in the `data` table may be {nil}, but an error will be shown if neither `term` nor `alt` nor `tr` is present. Thus, calling {full_link{ term = term, lang = lang, sc = sc }}, where `term` is the page to link to (which may have diacritics that will be stripped and/or embedded bracketed links) and `lang` is a [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages#Language objects|language object]] from [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages]], will give a plain link similar to the one produced by the template {{tl|l}}, and calling {full_link( { term = term, lang = lang, sc = sc }, "term" )} will give a link similar to the one produced by the template {{tl|m}}. The function will: * Try to determine the script, based on the characters found in the `term` or `alt` argument, if the script was not given. If a script is given and `track_sc` is {true}, it will check whether the input script is the same as the one which would have been automatically generated and add the category [[:Category:LANG terms with redundant script codes]] if yes, or [[:Category:LANG terms with non-redundant manual script codes]] if no. This should be used when the input script object is directly determined by a template's `sc` parameter. * Call `[[#language_link|language_link]]` on the `term` or `alt` forms, to remove diacritics in the page name, process any embedded wikilinks and create links to Reconstruction or Appendix pages when necessary. * Call `[[Module:Wt/mnc/script utilities#tag_text]]` to add the appropriate language and script tags to the term and italicize terms written in the Latin script if necessary. Accelerated creation tags, as used by [[WT:ACCEL]], are included. * Generate a transliteration, based on the `alt` or `term` arguments, if the script is not Latin, no transliteration was provided in `tr` and the combination of the term's language and script support automatic transliteration. The transliteration itself will be linked if both `.respect_link_tr` is specified and the language of the term has the `link_tr` property set for the script of the term; but not otherwise. * Add the annotations (transliteration, gender, gloss, etc.) after the link. * If `no_alt_ast` is specified, then the `alt` text does not need to contain an asterisk if the language is reconstructed. This should only be used by modules which really need to allow links to reconstructions that don't display asterisks (e.g. number boxes). * If `pretext` or `posttext` is specified, this is text to (respectively) prepend or append to the output, directly before processing qualifiers, labels and references. This can be used to add arbitrary extra text inside of the qualifiers, labels and references. * If `show_qualifiers` is specified or the `show_qualifiers` argument is given, then left and right qualifiers, accent qualifiers, labels and references will be displayed, otherwise they will be ignored. (This is because a fair amount of code stores qualifiers, labels and/or references in these fields and displays them itself, rather than expecting {full_link()} to display them.)]==] function export.full_link(data, face, allow_self_link, show_qualifiers) if type(data) ~= "table" then error("The first argument to the function full_link must be a table. " .. "See Module:Wt/mnc/links/documentation for more information.") elseif data.term and data.term:find("\\", nil, true) or data.alt and data.alt:find("\\", nil, true) then track("escaped", "full_link") end -- Prevent data from being destructively modified. local data = shallow_copy(data) -- FIXME: this shouldn't be added to `data`, as that means the input table needs to be cloned. data.cats = {} -- Categorize links to "und". local lang, cats = data.lang, data.cats if cats and lang:getCode() == "und" then insert(cats, "Undetermined language links") end local terms = {true} -- Generate multiple forms if applicable. for _, param in ipairs{"term", "alt"} do if type(data[param]) == "string" and data[param]:find("//", nil, true) then data[param] = export.split_on_slashes(data[param]) elseif type(data[param]) == "string" and not (type(data.term) == "string" and data.term:find("//", nil, true)) then if not data.no_generate_forms then data[param] = lang:generateForms(data[param]) else data[param] = {data[param]} end else data[param] = {} end end for _, param in ipairs{"sc", "tr", "ts"} do data[param] = {data[param]} end for _, param in ipairs{"term", "alt", "sc", "tr", "ts"} do for i in pairs(data[param]) do terms[i] = true end end -- Create the link local output = {} local id, no_alt_ast, srwc, accel, nevercalltr = data.id, data.no_alt_ast, data.suppress_redundant_wikilink_cat, data.accel, data.never_call_transliteration_module local link_tr = data.respect_link_tr and lang:link_tr(data.sc[1]) for i in ipairs(terms) do local link -- Is there any text to show? if (data.term[i] or data.alt[i]) then -- Try to detect the script if it was not provided local display_term = data.alt[i] or data.term[i] local best = lang:findBestScript(display_term) -- no_nonstandard_sc_cat is intended for use in [[Module:Wt/mnc/interproject]] if ( not data.no_nonstandard_sc_cat and best:getCode() == "None" and find_best_script_without_lang(display_term):getCode() ~= "None" ) then insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " terms in nonstandard scripts") end if not data.sc[i] then data.sc[i] = best -- Track uses of sc parameter. elseif data.track_sc then if data.sc[i]:getCode() == best:getCode() then insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " terms with redundant script codes") else insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " terms with non-redundant manual script codes") end end -- If using a discouraged character sequence, add to maintenance category if data.sc[i]:hasNormalizationFixes() == true then if (data.term[i] and data.sc[i]:fixDiscouragedSequences(toNFC(data.term[i])) ~= toNFC(data.term[i])) or (data.alt[i] and data.sc[i]:fixDiscouragedSequences(toNFC(data.alt[i])) ~= toNFC(data.alt[i])) then insert(cats, "Pages using discouraged character sequences") end end link = simple_link( data.term[i], data.fragment, data.alt[i], lang, data.sc[i], id, cats, no_alt_ast, srwc ) end -- simple_link can return nil, so check if a link has been generated. if link then -- Add "nowrap" class to prefixes in order to prevent wrapping after the hyphen local nowrap local display_term = data.alt[i] or data.term[i] if display_term and (display_term:find("^%-") or display_term:find("^־")) then -- Hebrew maqqef -- FIXME, use hyphens from [[Module:Wt/mnc/affix]] nowrap = "nowrap" end link = tag_text(link, lang, data.sc[i], face, get_class(lang, data.tr[i], accel, nowrap)) else --[[ No term to show. Is there at least a transliteration we can work from? ]] link = request_script(lang, data.sc[i]) -- No link to show, and no transliteration either. Show a term request (unless it's a substrate, as they rarely take terms). if (link == "" or (not data.tr[i]) or data.tr[i] == "-") and lang:getFamilyCode() ~= "qfa-sub" then -- If there are multiple terms, break the loop instead. if i > 1 then remove(output) break elseif NAMESPACE ~= "Template" then insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " term requests") end link = "<small>[Term?]</small>" end end insert(output, link) if i < #terms then insert(output, "<span class=\"Zsym mention\" style=\"font-size:100%;\">&nbsp;/ </span>") end end -- TODO: Currently only handles the first transliteration, pending consensus on how to handle multiple translits for multiple forms, as this is not always desirable (e.g. traditional/simplified Chinese). if data.tr[1] == "" or data.tr[1] == "-" then data.tr[1] = nil else local phonetic_extraction = load_data("Module:Wt/mnc/links/data").phonetic_extraction phonetic_extraction = phonetic_extraction[lang:getCode()] or phonetic_extraction[lang:getFullCode()] if phonetic_extraction then data.tr[1] = data.tr[1] or require(phonetic_extraction).getTranslit(export.remove_links(data.alt[1] or data.term[1])) elseif (data.term[1] or data.alt[1]) and data.sc[1]:isTransliterated() then -- Track whenever there is manual translit. The categories below like 'terms with redundant transliterations' -- aren't sufficient because they only work with reference to automatic translit and won't operate at all in -- languages without any automatic translit, like Persian and Hebrew. if data.tr[1] then local full_code = lang:getFullCode() track("manual-tr", full_code) end if not nevercalltr then -- Try to generate a transliteration. local text = data.alt[1] or data.term[1] if not link_tr then text = export.remove_links(text, true) end local automated_tr = lang:transliterate(text, data.sc[1]) if automated_tr then local manual_tr = data.tr[1] if manual_tr then if export.remove_links(manual_tr) == export.remove_links(automated_tr) then insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " terms with redundant transliterations") else -- Prevents Arabic root categories from flooding the tracking categories. if NAMESPACE ~= "Category" then insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " terms with non-redundant manual transliterations") end end end if not manual_tr or lang:overrideManualTranslit(data.sc[1]) then data.tr[1] = automated_tr end end end end end -- Link to the transliteration entry for languages that require this if data.tr[1] and link_tr and not data.tr[1]:match("%[%[(.-)%]%]") then data.tr[1] = simple_link( data.tr[1], nil, nil, lang, get_script("Latn"), nil, cats, no_alt_ast, srwc ) elseif data.tr[1] and not link_tr then -- Remove the pseudo-HTML tags added by remove_links. data.tr[1] = data.tr[1]:gsub("</?link>", "") end if data.tr[1] and not umatch(data.tr[1], "[^%s%p]") then data.tr[1] = nil end insert(output, export.format_link_annotations(data, face)) if data.pretext then insert(output, 1, data.pretext) end if data.posttext then insert(output, data.posttext) end local categories = cats[1] and format_categories(cats, lang, "-", nil, nil, data.sc) or "" output = concat(output) if show_qualifiers or data.show_qualifiers then output = add_qualifiers_and_refs_to_term(data, output) end return output .. categories end --[==[Replaces all wikilinks with their displayed text, and removes any categories. This function can be invoked either from a template or from another module. -- Strips links: deletes category links, the targets of piped links, and any double square brackets involved in links (other than file links, which are untouched). If `tag` is set, then any links removed will be given pseudo-HTML tags, which allow the substitution functions in [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages]] to properly subdivide the text in order to reduce the chance of substitution failures in modules which scrape pages like [[Module:Wt/mnc/zh-translit]]. -- FIXME: This is quite hacky. We probably want this to be integrated into [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages]], but we can't do that until we know that nothing is pushing pipe linked transliterations through it for languages which don't have link_tr set. * <code><nowiki>[[page|displayed text]]</nowiki></code> &rarr; <code><nowiki>displayed text</nowiki></code> * <code><nowiki>[[page and displayed text]]</nowiki></code> &rarr; <code><nowiki>page and displayed text</nowiki></code> * <code><nowiki>[[Category:English lemmas|WORD]]</nowiki></code> &rarr; ''(nothing)'']==] function export.remove_links(text, tag) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end if not text or text == "" then return "" end text = text :gsub("%[%[", "\1") :gsub("%]%]", "\2") -- Parse internal links for the display text. text = text:gsub("(\1)([^\1\2]-)(\2)", function(c1, c2, c3) -- Don't remove files. for _, false_positive in ipairs({"file", "image"}) do if c2:lower():match("^" .. false_positive .. ":") then return c1 .. c2 .. c3 end end -- Remove categories completely. for _, false_positive in ipairs({"category", "cat"}) do if c2:lower():match("^" .. false_positive .. ":") then return "" end end -- In piped links, remove all text before the pipe, unless it's the final character (i.e. the pipe trick), in which case just remove the pipe. c2 = c2:match("^[^|]*|(.+)") or c2:match("([^|]+)|$") or c2 if tag then return "<link>" .. c2 .. "</link>" else return c2 end end) text = text :gsub("\1", "[[") :gsub("\2", "]]") return text end function export.section_link(link) if type(link) ~= "string" then error("The first argument to section_link was a " .. type(link) .. ", but it should be a string.") elseif link:find("\\", nil, true) then track("escaped", "section_link") end local target, section = get_fragment((link:gsub("_", " "))) if not section then error("No \"#\" delineating a section name") end return simple_link( target, section, target .. " §&nbsp;" .. section ) end return export 6gm9vxfcupjizlq987gxxsjshn027we 14 3705537 7240653 7236708 2026-07-06T05:14:24Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q106678639]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240653 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q106678639}} gayq8c7yw7qef7vj9kbhljb1emv93b6 14 3705733 7240654 7236709 2026-07-06T05:22:56Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240654 wikitext text/x-wiki ရခိုင် ပစ္စည်းတိ [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q140446407}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] tm76r0t4q1o73c9g2v9nsgqbkxpxz5o 0 3706553 7240912 7240075 2026-07-06T11:22:14Z Ngminnie 2608586 7240912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q8011}} '''Ibn Sina'''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-2</ref> (vorihuŋ saŋa aŋ yi 980 – 22 June 1037), baŋ banuʋ nansaaretɩɩheŋ ka Avicenna (/ˌævɪˈsɛnə, ˌɑːv-/ A(H)V-ih-SEN-ə), daaŋ ɩyɛ Tɩɛha-fasanŋmɩra (philosopher) anɩŋ Tɩɩnhe bagɩna kpoŋ aŋ daaŋ yi sɩlaama paalʋʋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-3</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-4</ref> Ʋ daaŋ ɩyɛ nimbijinie Sɩlaamɛɛ kpɩɛɛŋʋ yuomoŋ, a daaŋ maŋ tuna tuma Iran paalʋʋ namine jɛŋʋŋ,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-5</ref> chɛ la ɩ nie ŋa saŋanɩ ɩŋgbaŋ piɛɛnɩ paalɩhe aŋ daaŋ dɩ ʋ yɛlehe nɩŋ ʋ bambu tɩɛɛha tuna nɩŋ tumɩhe suŋ.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-:0-6</ref> Ba bannɩyɛ Ibn Sina ka ʋ aaŋ paaheyɛ tɩɛhe-julhuuŋ deme anɩŋ Tɩɩŋ bagɩnɩba puoŋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-7</ref> Baŋ maŋ bigihuʋ ka ʋna la saŋanɩ jɛmanɩ tɩɩnhe-naa,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-8</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-9</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-10</ref> Ibn Sina tumhe aŋ pure yɛga la Tɩʋrɩ Kitaabu (The Book of Healing), aŋ ɩ tɩɛɛha-fasaneŋmɩɩbu anɩŋ bambujulhuuŋ duohekɔʋre (encyclopedia), anɩŋ Tɩɩŋ Begiri (The Canon of Medicine),<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-Britannica-11</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-12</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-13</ref> aŋ ɩ Tɩɩŋ duohekɔʋre ŋa aŋ wa lɛo tɩɩŋ daãhebo kitaabu ŋa saŋanɩ ɩŋgbaŋ piɛɛnɩ karɩŋde-bera (universities)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-14</ref> aŋ daaŋ maŋ dɩ daaha atarɩ waana 1650 saŋa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-15</ref> Ayi tɩɛɛha-fasaneŋmɩɩbu nɩŋ tɩɩŋ puoreŋ, Ibn Sina nibiji sɛʋrɩ mine tɩ jɛgɩyɛ astronomy, alchemy, geography anɩŋ geology, psychology, Sɩlaamɛɛ dɩɩna bambu, Yeŋ, Jɛdɩ (Maths), physics, anɩŋ Lugulɔɔ sɛʋrɩ (poetic work).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-16</ref> Ʋ tɩɛɛha nɩ daaŋ ɩyɛ Peripatetic karɩmbujie tɩɛɛha ŋa aŋ daaŋ yi Aristotel seŋ,<ref name=":1">[[:en:Avicenna#cite_note-MacTutor_Biography%7Cid=Avicenna-17|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-MacTutor_Biography|id=Avicenna-17]]</ref> ka ana la baŋ dɩʋ ka ʋna la sɩlaamabie ŋa aŋ dɩju ana yɛla ŋa puoŋ.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-18</ref> Ibn Sina (Avicenna) sɛʋyɛ ʋ Tɩɛɛha-fasanɩŋmɩɩbu nɩŋ Bambujulhuuŋ yɛlɩtarhe yɛgajie Lorbi tɩrɩŋ chɛ ka a mine mɩŋ ɩ Faarasi (Persian); ka ʋ lugu sɛʋrɩ mɩŋ daaŋ bi a tɩyɛ bayi ne jaa puoŋ. Ayi ʋ gafuhe 450 ne baŋ sagɩ ka ʋ daaŋ sɛʋ yeŋ ne, a buuhu 240 laŋ naŋ bi be, ka a puo150 ɩ Tɩɛɛha-fasanɩŋmɩɩbu gafuhe chɛ ka a puo 40 nɩ mɩŋ tɩ jɛgɩ tɩɩŋ.<ref name=":1" /> == Yuori == ''Avicenna'' la ka Latin dem''e'' bʋɔna a Lorobi tɩrɩ yuori ŋa aŋ la '''ibn Sīnā''' (ابن سينا),<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-20</ref> ʋŋ wulo ka ʋ yie daʋ ka ŋa juriyɛ baŋ bʋɔnuʋ Sina. Ibn Sina (Avicenna) daaŋ ɩyɛ ana daʋ ŋa yaaŋtulee.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-21</ref> Ʋ youri gbuli Lorobi tɩrɩŋ ɩyɛ '''Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn bin ʿAbdallāh bin al-Ḥasan bin ʿAlī bin Sīnā al-Balkhī al-Bukhārī''' (أبو علي الحسين بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن علي بن سينا البلخي البخاري).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-22</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-23</ref> == Teŋkore Yɛla Puoŋ == Ibn Sina daaŋ tuŋyɛ tuŋ kpoŋ sɛʋrɩ puoŋ saŋa ŋaŋ ka Sɩlaamɛɛ Naaŋ diibu jɛmanɩ la, ka a puoŋ la baŋ daaŋ daãha achɛ ɩra gafuhe aŋ yi Byzantine, Greco-Roman, Persian, anɩŋ India tarɩjiinhɩ. Greco-Roman (Middle Platonic, Neoplatonic, anɩŋ Aristotelian) gafuhe ka Kindi karɩmbujie daaŋ ɩ a tarɩjiinhɩ daaŋ ɩyɛ buuhu ŋa sɩlaama bagɩna aŋ daaŋ sɛʋ a tafseerhe, ka bana laŋ daaŋ suŋ ka Persian nɩŋ Indian Jieelibu, Sagbama bambu, algebra, trigonometry anɩŋ Tɩɩŋ yɛltarɩhe gaa nimbitɔɔrɩ .<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-24</ref> Samanid Naaŋ aŋ bi Persia ŋmintonpuheŋeeŋ, Khorasan, anɩŋ Asia Soŋsoghe, anɩŋ Buyid Naaŋ aŋ bi Persia nɩŋ Iraq ŋmintonlieŋeeŋ, daaŋ veŋ yeŋ ka karɩmbo nɩŋ lasiri daãhebo nyɛ baabo. Samanid naaŋ nɩ puoŋ, Bukhara daaŋ diree Baghdad nyɛŋtaaluŋ ka ʋ mɩŋ lɛo Sɩlaamahe teŋkpoŋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-25</ref> Bɩŋ la ka Ibn Sina daaŋ nyɛ piɛɛlɩ Balkh, Khwarazm, Gorgan, Rey, Isfahan anɩŋ Hamadan kitaabuhe-deri. Sɛʋre jɛmaa (awa Àhd nɩŋ Bahmanyar) wuli yeŋ ka Ibn Sina daaŋ maŋ ŋmiyɛ ana saŋanɩ bagnɩba nɔkpiɛɛnɩ. Nizami Aruzi bighiye bla nɩ sere chɛ ka Ibn Sina daaŋ wa yi Khwarazm, ʋ daaŋ wa nyiyɛ al-Biruni (aŋ daaŋ ɩ bagɩna anɩŋ ŋmarɩhe-bagɩna), Abu Nasr Mansur (Jɩɛlibu-bagɩna), Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi (bambujulhuuŋ daana la), anɩŋ al-Khammar (Tɩɩŋ bagɩna daaŋ la ʋ mɩŋ). Quraana nɩŋ Hadɩɩsɩ karɩmbo mɩŋ daaŋ gaayɛ nimbitɔɔrɩ, Slaamɛɛ fasani ŋmiibu, Fiqihi bambu, anɩŋ Kalaam (dɩɩna tabliigi ɩɩbu bambu) jaa daaŋ ɩyɛ yɛlhe ŋa Ibn Sina anɩŋ ʋ chiihiŋtaa jɛmanɩ aŋ daaŋ suŋ ka a yɛlɩtarhe gaa nimbitɔɔrɩ. == Vorihuŋ Yɛla == === Vorihuŋ Piilee Aniŋ Karɩmbo === Ba daaŋ dɔgɩyɛ Ibn Sina yiri ŋa aŋ la Afshana aŋ bi Transoxiana a yuoni 980 CE. Ʋŋ ɩ (Pɛshɩɛɛ) Persia deehuu.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-26</ref> Ana yiri ŋa daaŋ piɛɛlɩyɛ Samanid aŋ ɩ Bukhara teŋkpoŋ, ka be daaŋ la ʋ aheyiri.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoichon1986941-27</ref> Ʋ ba aŋ daaŋ la Abd Allah daaŋ yie yiri aŋ la Balkh aŋ bi Bactriaŋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutas201411-28</ref> Ʋ ba haŋ daaŋ ɩ Samanid niŋnanɩɩ nɩ juŋ, ʋ daaŋ wa lɛoyɛ yiri kaŋa aŋ daaŋ paahe Harmaytan teŋeŋ paalikaara a piɛɛlɩ Bukhara ka Nuh II (r. 976–997) naaŋ saŋa la bla. Ibn Sina daaŋ tarɛɛ yɛu mɩŋ.<ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutas201411-28</ref> Yuomo awala puoriŋ ka ba dio deme daaŋ ihi tɩ jiŋ Bukhara, bambu daãhejie, ka bagɩnɩba yɛga maŋ lanna beŋ. Beŋ ka Ibn Sina daaŋ karɩŋ, chɛ ka a piilee nɩ ʋ ba mɛŋa laŋ daaŋ maŋ kannuʋ.<ref name=":3">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutas198767%E2%80%9370-29</ref><ref name=":4">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutas201412-30</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson20138-31</ref> Anaajaa ka Ibn Sina ba nɩŋ ʋ bɩɛɛrɩ jaa daaŋ wa sagɩyɛ Ismaaɩɩlɛɛ sugu, ʋna yɛŋ daaŋ ba tu ana dɩɩna sugu ŋa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2017191-32</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007202%E2%80%93203-33</ref> Amaa ʋna daaŋ ɩyɛ Hanafi Sunna, ka ana karɩmbo ŋa mɩŋ la ka Samanid niba daaŋ tu.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutas1988330%E2%80%93331-34</ref> Ibn Sina ba nɩŋ ʋ ma daaŋ baŋyeŋ ka ʋ haaqila direŋ saŋa ŋa ka ʋ daaŋ naŋ ɩ bibil, baŋ panaa daaŋ ha karɩmamine ka ba kanuʋ Lorbi Tɩrɩ anɩŋ Sɩlaamɛɛ bambu ka bla da na sumuʋ ka ʋ maŋ ŋmira fasama awa bagɩna.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-35</ref> Ibn Sina daaŋ daŋ daaheyɛ Quraana nɩŋ tɩrɩ fɔrɔ, ka saŋa ŋaŋ ʋŋ daaŋ wa ɩ yuoŋ10, ʋ daaŋ ɩŋyɛɛ Quraana jaa taŋaŋ.<ref name=":3" /> A puoriŋ ka ʋ ba daaŋ gaanuʋ India daʋ kaŋa aŋ daaŋ kuɔha jɛɛ sɛŋ, ʋŋ tɩ daãhe jielibu (arithmetic).<ref name=":5">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutas201413-36</ref> Bla puoriŋ, ʋ daaŋ daãheyɛ Fiqihi yi Hanafiihe bagɩna ka yuori aŋ di Ismail al-Zahid sɛŋ. Wɔgrɩ kaŋa puoriŋ, ʋ ba daaŋ buɔɔŋyɛ tɩɩŋdaana kaŋa aŋ daaŋ la ɩ tiɛɛha-fasanŋmɩra al-Natili ʋŋ maŋ wa dio wa karɩŋ Ibn Sina.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Baŋ daaŋ daãhe '''Porphyry''' (aŋ kpi 305) '''''Isagoge''''' ''anɩŋ '''Aristotle''' (aŋ kpi 322 BCE) gafu ŋa aŋ la the '''Categories''' mɩŋ.'' Ibn Sina aŋ daaŋ wa daãhe '''Ptolemy''' (aŋ kpi 170) '''''Almagest''''' anɩŋ ''Euclid Ɛlɛmentɩhe,'' al-Natili daaŋ bahuʋŋ chɛ yɛlɩ kuʋ ka ʋ piile wulɩhebo ʋ mɛŋaŋ.<ref name=":4" /> Saŋa ŋa Ibn Sina (Avicenna) aŋ daaŋ wa nyira yuoŋ 18, ʋ daaŋ tarɩyɛ bambo atɩ jɛgɩ Greek deme daãhebo. Anaajaa ka Ibn Sina buɔŋyɛ al-Natili ka ʋna yoŋ la ʋ karɩma ʋ mɛŋa nyivoriyɛla-gafu puoŋ, ʋ daaŋ yinee ʋŋ tarɛ karɩmamine jaanɩ mɩŋ, awa Qumri anɩŋ Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi aŋ daaŋ ɩ tɩɩŋdeme.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" /> === Tuma === ==== Bukhara nɩŋ Gurganj puoŋ ==== Ka ʋ ɩ yuoŋ 17, ba daaŋ dɩyɛ Ibn Sina ʋŋ lɛo Nuh II tɩɩŋdaana.Saŋa ŋa Ibn Sina aŋ daaŋ wa nyira yuoŋ 21, ka ʋ ba kpiyeŋ. Baŋ daaŋ wa lɛo kuʋ ahejie, ʋŋ Leo ʋ ba gbɛbɔgaha Harmaytan gɔmɩnantɩ puoŋ. A puoriŋ ka Ibn Sina lɛo yi Gurganj, Khwarazm teŋkpoŋ, ka atɩ jɛgɩ ana yɛla la ʋŋ daaŋ yɛlɩ ka ŋmɩɛɛhɛɛŋ laŋ daaŋ gaanuʋ be. Daare nɩ ʋŋ gaa be nɩ baaŋ baŋ, ʋŋ tɔɔhe ka ʋ daaŋ tunyɛ Khwarazmshah, Khwarazm paalɩkaara, Abu al-Hasan Ali aŋ daaŋ Banuu Abbaas yidɩɛɛra Maimoon gbɛbɔgaha. Abu al-Hasan Ali daaŋ ɩyɛ paalɩkaara ayi 997 a waana 1009, ka a bla ŋa wullo ka Ibn Sina saaŋ tagɩyie baŋ saŋa kaŋaŋ ana jɛmanɩ puoŋ. Ana baŋ ɩŋ ka ʋ yiibu saŋa daaŋ ɩyɛ 999, yuoni nɩ Samanid Naaŋ aŋ daaŋ le ka Kara-Khanid Khanate daaŋ jɛodi chɛ daaŋ ɩŋ Samanid paalɩkaara aŋ la Abd al-Malik II siŋtiriŋ (pagɩrɩdioŋ). Ibn Sina nɩŋ ana Samanids aŋ daaŋ pɩɛɛlɩ taa juŋ, a na baŋ ɩŋ ka ʋ mɩŋ vorihuŋ daaŋ bie tʋɔra puoŋ ba lee ne puoriŋ.<ref name=":2" /> Abu'l-Husayn as-Sahi aŋ daaŋ ɩ Gurganj paalɩkaara, a daaŋ Greek deme bambu daãhebo sunna, sababuŋ daaŋ la ka Ibn Sina daaŋ gaa Abu al-Hasan Ali seŋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutas201419_(see_also_note_28)-36</ref> Maimoon nɩŋ ʋ juriyɛ naaŋ saŋaŋ, Gurganj daaŋ wa lɛoyɛ bambu daãhebo yiri, ka bla panaa vɛnɩ ʋŋ daaŋ tagɩra niŋtiiha lannataa awa Ibn Sina nɩŋ ʋ karɩma koree aŋ la Abu Sahl al-Masih, Abu Nasr Mansur aŋ daaŋ ɩ Jielibu bagɩna, Al-Khammar aŋ daaŋ tɩɩŋ daana anɩŋ Al-Tha'alibi aŋ daaŋ ɩ tɩɛɛha-fasanŋmɩra.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth19781066-37</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth1984a762%E2%80%93764-38</ref> === Gorgan Puoŋ === A puoriŋ ka Ibn Sina daaŋ daaŋ la ihi be mɩŋ anaŋso kaŋa juŋ (1012 puoŋ), chɛ nasaŋa agara Ŋmintonlieŋee seŋ. Beŋ ʋŋ daaŋ cheŋ safarɩ a tu Khurasani teeŋhe aŋ la Nasa, Abivard, Tus, Samangan anɩŋ Jajarm. Ʋ daaŋ maalɩyɛ ʋ haaqila ka ka ʋ tɩ puohe Gorgan paalɩkaara, Ziyarid Qabus (<abbr>r.</abbr> 977–981, 997–1012), ŋa aŋ daaŋ sɛʋre sɛʋbo, ka karɩmamine daaŋ maŋ lanna ʋ jɛŋʋŋ. Chɛ, Ibn Sina aŋ daaŋ wa ta be, ʋŋ daaŋ wa baŋ ka a paalɩkaara daaŋ knpie a yuoni 1013 Sɛuŋ saŋa jaa.<ref name=":2" /><ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1975215-39</nowiki></ref> Ka Ibn Sina daaŋ yi Gorgan gaa Dihistan, chɛ daaŋ lɛo wa saŋa ŋaŋ ka ʋ daaŋ bɩɛɛra. Beŋ la ʋŋ daaŋ nyɛ Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani (aŋ kpi 1070) ʋŋ lɛo ʋ karɩmabie anɩŋ ʋ kparɩŋtɔ.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutas201419,_29-40</ref> Avicenna daaŋ kpɛyɛ Gorgan puoŋ bɩɛɛla bla, tɔɔhebu puoŋ ʋŋ daaŋ tuna Qabus bidaʋ aŋ daaŋ ɩ ʋ gbɛbɔgaha Manuchihr (r. 1012–1031) a panaa kpɛɛra be a ɩ ʋ suŋna.<ref name=":2" /> === Ray anɩŋ Hamadan Puoŋ === <abbr>c.</abbr> 1014 puoŋ, Avicenna daaŋ gaayɛ Ray, ka beŋ la ʋŋ daaŋ tɩ tuna Buyid amir Majd al-Dawla (<abbr>r.</abbr> 997–1029) anɩŋ ʋ ma Sayyida Shirin, ka ʋna daaŋ la paalʋʋ yidiɛɛra. Bɩŋ ʋŋ daaŋ ɩ tɩɩŋdaana a jɛŋʋŋ, a tɩʋra Majd al-Dawla, ʋŋ daaŋ dire toura nɩŋ yɩɛbʋ. A puoriŋ ka Avicenna daaŋ lɛo diɛɛ Sayyida Shirin aŋ daaŋ bi '''Qazvin''' anɩŋ '''Hamadan''' puoŋ a kaara ʋ yaagu, anaajaa ka ana yɛla ŋa ba pɛlɛ.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson201314-41</ref> A saŋa ŋaŋ, Ibn Sina daaŋ baaheyɛ ʋ kitaabu ŋa aŋ la '''Tɩɩŋ Begri''' (قانون في طب'''''The Canon of Medicine)''''' ''a chɛ piile sɛʋra ʋ '''Nyaabʋ Kitaabu''' ('''The Book of Healing).'''''<ref name=":6" /> 1015 puoŋ, saŋa ŋaŋ ka Ibn Sina kpiɛɛra Hamadan, ʋ daaŋ ŋmɩyɛ nɔkpɩɛɛne jamaa puoŋ, ka bla ŋa daaŋ la bagɩnɩba ŋa aŋ naŋ ɩ niŋpaanɩ Iran ŋmintonlieŋee seŋ yɛlɩrɩhe ana jɛmanɩ nɩŋ. Ka a nɔkpɩɛɛne anaŋso la ka ka nyɛ baŋ ɩ bunyɛ aŋ ta jie ne a yiri niba nimbituorɩŋ.<ref name=":6" /> Niɛ nɩ daana nɩŋ Ibn Sina aŋ daaŋ ŋmɩ a nɔkpɩɛɛne nɩ daaŋ la Abu'l-Qasim al-Kirmani, ŋa aŋ daaŋ paahe Baghdad tɩɛɛha-fasanŋmɩrɩba karɩmbojie nɩ puoŋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson201315-43</ref> A nɔkpɩɛɛne daaŋ wa tulɩyeŋ, ka bla daaŋ ɩ sababu ka Ibn Sina daaŋ yɛlɩ ku Abu'l-Qasim ka ʋ ba tarɩ bambu biɛɛla jaa, chɛ ka Abu'l-Qasim mɩŋ daaŋ yɛlɩ ka Ibn Sina daaŋ yɛlɩ yɛla nɩŋ kɔkɔnyaara.<ref name=":6" /> A nɔkpɩɛɛne baahebʋ puoriŋ, Ibn Sina daaŋ sɛʋyɛ gbaŋʋ ku Baghdad Aristotle sugu deme, a jughe ka ka Abu'l-Qasim dambu ŋa ka ʋ mɩŋ paaheyɛ ba puoŋ nɩ ɩyɛ yɛlɩmɩŋa bɩɩ. Ka Abu'l-Qasim mɩŋ daaŋ lɛo naa sanɩ a puoriŋ anɩŋ gbaŋʋ kaŋa ʋŋ daaŋ sɛʋ ku niɛ kaŋa, a ŋmaara yɛlhe dɔgna Ibn Sina haali ka a yɛla nimbijie ta ka Ibn Sina mɩŋ daaŋ lɛo sɛʋ gbaŋʋ ku Abu Sa'd, ŋa ahejie aŋ daaŋ tuuro Majd al-Dawla puoriŋ, ka ʋ pɩɛɛhe ana yɛla. Ana yɛla ŋa baŋ daaŋ yɛlɩ dɔglɩ Avicenna nɩ daaŋ yiniye ananɩ baŋ daaŋ daŋ yɛlɩ dɔglʋʋnɩ, ka ʋna la, ka Hamadan niba la daaŋ yɛlɩ ka ʋna laŋ daaŋ tɔɔha Quraana sɛʋre ʋ khutubhe ŋa aŋ daaŋ tɩ jɛgɩ Naaŋmɩnɩ Yeŋluŋ yɛla puoŋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson201316%E2%80%9318-44</ref> Ana yɛla ŋa nimbijie aŋ daaŋ tɩ ta jie, Peter Adamson ŋa aŋ daaŋ ɩ teŋkore-yɛla bagɩna yɛlɩyɛgaŋ, " ba ɩ yɛla ŋa aŋ ɩ yɛlɩ fooŋ Sɩlaamahe jamaa puoŋ .<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson201317-45</ref> A daaŋ ba kaʋhe chɛ ka Avicenna daaŋ yi tɩ paahe Buyid amir Shams al-Dawla aŋ daaŋ piili nyira kpɩɛɛŋʋ, ka Adamson tɩɛɛha la ka Abu'l-Qasim mɩŋ aŋ daaŋ tuna Sayyida Shirin seŋ nɩ juŋ la ʋŋ daaŋ wɛlɩ yi.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson201318-46</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1975293-47</ref> Shams al-Dawla laŋ daaŋ buɔlɩ Ibn Sina ka ʋ wa tɩbuʋ, chɛ anaa mɩŋa aŋ daaŋ lɛo yi ʋ jɔmɩŋ koreeŋ puoriŋ, Abu Shawk aŋ daaŋ ɩ Annazid (1010–1046), ʋŋ daaŋ fɩrɩ Ibn Sina ʋŋ lɛo ʋ kpaŋbi kpoŋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson201318_(see_also_note_45)-48</ref> Anaajaa ka saŋa kaŋaŋ Ibin Sina nɩŋ Shams al-Dawla taaŋbiihi maŋ wa tuoheŋ, ʋna daaŋ naŋ la kpaŋbi kpoŋ atare waana saŋanɩ a naa aŋ daaŋ wa kpi a yuoni 1021 puoŋ nɩŋ pɛnɩ baahe. Shams al-Dawla (1021–1023) bidaʋ ŋa aŋ daaŋ di ʋba cheŋ, ʋ mɩŋ daaŋ suheyɛ Ibn Sina ka ʋ tuna ʋ kpaŋbi kpoŋ tuma, chɛ ka ʋ nɩŋ ʋ jɔ, Abu Ghalib al-Attar, daaŋ jɔ sɔgɩlɩ achɛ chɛlha vusuuŋhɩ daaŋ wa wa. Ana jɛmanɩ ŋa puoŋ la ka Ibn Sina nɩŋ Ala al-Dawla Muhammad (1008-1041) daaŋ sɔglɩ dire jɔrɩ, ka ʋna mɩŋ daaŋ la Isfahan Kakuyid paalɩkaara a chɛ la ɩ Sayyida Shirin babile.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson201322-49</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBosworth1984b773%E2%80%93774-50</ref> Saŋa ŋaŋ ʋŋ daaŋ naŋ wa kpɩɛɛra Attar dioŋ la ka Ibn Sina daaŋ baahe ʋ kitaabu ŋa aŋ la '''Tɩʋrɩ Kitaabu''' ('''The Book Of Healing'''), ʋŋ daaŋ maŋ sɛʋ lɩɛrɩnimbie pihinu (50pgs) biola bio jaa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson201322%E2%80%9323-51</ref> Buyid Yɛlɩkaabaaheyiri aŋ daaŋ bi Hamadan puoŋ, Kurdehe (Kurdish) kpambi kpoŋ aŋ daaŋ Taj al-Mulk yeŋ gba daaŋ naane, ʋ daaŋ wa tarɩyɛ Ibn Sina nɩŋ sigesige ka ʋ nɩŋ Ala al-Dawla yɛlɩyɛ yɛla, ka bla daaŋ vɛnɩ, ʋŋ daaŋ ku nuɔrɩ baŋ wulhebu Attar dio a ihi Ibn Sina tɩ pɔgɩ Fardajan Jɛŋʋŋ, Hamadan yeŋaŋ la bla. Juzjani ɩŋyɛɛ Ibn Sina chuɔɔma nɩ ka ŋa jɛrgu ʋ nyɔgbʋ nɩ juŋ. Ba daaŋ pɔguʋŋ chiuri anaahe atarewaana ka Ala al-Dawla daaŋ wa jɛʋdi Hamadan, ka a bla ŋa mɩŋ la Sama al-Dawla naaŋ lee.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson201323-52</ref> === Isfahan Puoŋ === A baahaaŋ ba daaŋ wa baheyɛ Ibn Sina, ʋ dɩ gaa Isfahan, ka bɩŋ la ka Ala al-Dawla daaŋ dɩɛuguʋ suŋ. Juzjani yɛlɩhuŋ puoŋ, Kakuyid yidiɛɛra daaŋ kuyɛ Ibn Sina bunyɛ anɩŋ naŋbu nɩ ʋ ahejie aŋ tarɩ sɔrɩ ka ʋ nyɛ.<ref name=":2" /> Adamson mɩŋ yɛlɩyɛga la ka saŋa nɩ ka Ibn Sina daaŋ wa tuna Ala al-Dawla sɩŋ nɩ "ana saŋa daaŋ suhumaa wɔgrɩ ʋ vorihuŋ puoŋ".<ref name=":7">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson201325-53</ref> Ibn Sina daaŋ ɩyɛ kawaŋ ɩra, ka ʋnaŋ daaŋ ba ɩ Ala al-Dawla kpambɩkpoŋ la bla, a daaŋ maŋ bɩɛɛluʋ gaa ʋ taãhɩ yɛga jie anɩŋ ʋ sɔɛɛ mɩŋ.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Ibn Sina sɛʋyɛ gafuhe ayi Faarasii tɩrɩŋ ʋjuŋ, Tɩɛɛha Fasaniŋmiibu kitaabu yuori aŋ ɩ Danish-nama-yi Ala'i ("Bambujulhuuŋ Kitaabu a ku Ala"), anɩŋ tɩɩŋ kitaabu mɩŋ a tɩ jɛgɩ jiiŋ cheŋbu.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTELazard1975630-54</ref> Saŋa ŋaŋ Ghaznavidhe aŋ daaŋ wa jɛʋdi Isfahan January 1030 puoŋ, Avicenna anɩŋ Ala al-Dawla daaŋ ihigaayɛ Khuzistan yiri aŋ bi Iran paalʋʋ puoŋ, ka bɩŋ la baŋ daaŋ be atare waana Ghaznavid yidɩɛɛra aŋ la Mahmud kuuŋ (r. 998–1030), ka chiuri ayi puoriŋ la ka bla ŋa daaŋ. Ibn Sina aŋ daaŋ lɛo wa wa Isfahan puoŋ la ʋŋ daaŋ piili sɛʋra ʋ ''Pointers and Reminders.''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutas2014133-55</ref> ''1037 yuoni puoŋ, saŋa ŋa ka Ibn Sina daaŋ bɩɛɛla Ala al-Dawla agara taqhuʋŋ gɔɔ a pɩɛɛlɩ Isfahan, ʋŋ daaŋ nyɛ pɛnɩ baahɩ, ka a bla ŋa daaŋ la ʋ baalʋŋ ʋ vorihuŋ jaa. A daaŋ ba kaʋhe chɛ ʋŋ daaŋ kpi Hamadan puoŋ, ka ʋ uuŋjie mɩŋ daaŋ la bla.''<ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamson201326-56</nowiki></ref> == Nimbiji Sɛʋre == Ibn Sina (Avicenna) sɛʋyɛ tɩɩŋ duohe waaga kitaabu ʋŋ tara juzuuhe anu (5), Tɩɩŋ Begri Kitaabu ( Naŋsaarɩɩ: ''The Canon of Medicine, Lorbi Tɩrɩŋ: القانون في الطب، Rome Sɛʋre : al-Qãnūn film- tibb. Ʋ sɛʋre nɩ daaŋ poye jiihi anu: Fɔra pore nɩ daaŋ tarɛyɛ begri pure aŋ tɩɩŋ yɛlɩtarhe puoŋ, ka yiiluŋ pore nɩ wullo tɩɩŋ buuhu anɩŋ a berihi, baaluuŋhe nɩŋ a tɩʋbʋ yɛla ka a pore taaluŋ tɩ jɛgɩ, naahuŋ pore nɩ mɩŋ kurihe laanfiiluŋ jie kaabu kawanɩ, chɛ nuuluŋ daana nɩ, ʋŋ yɛla baaluŋ buura mine yɛla anɩŋ a tɩʋre mɩŋ.'' Ʋ Tɩɩŋ Begri nɩ puoŋ, ʋ yɛlɩyɩŋ ka buŋvoee ŋa aŋ ba ɩ nimbirinyɩɩbu maŋ waana nɩŋ baaluŋ, a bla juŋ ʋŋ ɩ kawanɩ ka ba na maŋ wɛlheyɛ baalɩba yiniŋ niŋjaanɩ puoŋ ka baalɩhe ta wa pure. Ʋna baŋ daaŋ dɩ daaha tɩɩŋ Sɩlaama paalɩhe puoŋ anɩŋ nansaare teenhe atarewaana qarni 18 daana. Ana kitaabu ŋa naŋ tarɛyɛ tɔna yɛga Unaani tɩɩŋ maalɩbu puoŋ. === ''Liber Primus Naturalium'' === Ibn Sina daaŋ maŋ chɛgra nyiraŋ ka baaluŋhe ŋa aŋ ba pure mɩŋ daaŋ tarɩyɛ yɛlɩ nɩ aŋ maŋ waanaa. Ʋ daaŋ dɩyɛ polydactyly masaala wuli ka baaluŋ jaa tarɩyɛ yɛla aŋ maŋ waanuʋ. Ana laaŋfiiluŋ haaqila ŋa daaŋ chɛlhɩyɛ nimbituorɩgaabu haalɩ qarni ayopoiŋ sere chɛ ka ʋ muni daaŋ wa chaaŋ. === Tɩʋre Kitaabu === Tɩʋre Kitaabu mɩŋ ɩyɛ kitaabu kpoŋ ŋa Ibn Sina aŋ sɛʋ. Ʋ daaŋ piiliye ʋ sɛʋbʋ 1014 yuoni puoŋ a baahuʋ 1020 puoŋ, chɛ a nansaare yuoni 1027 puoŋ la baŋ daaŋ ŋmi ana kitaabu ŋa. Ana gafu ŋa la Ibn Sina tuŋkpoŋ ʋŋ tuŋ Bambujulhuuŋ anɩŋ tɩɛɛha-fasani-ŋmiibu puoŋ, ka ʋ naata la ka ʋ tiʋ vorihuŋ bambugluŋ. Ana kitaabu nɩŋ ʋ youri woree nɩ jaa chɛ, ʋ ba tɩ jɛgɩ nɩŋ tɩɩŋ yɛlɩtarhe, a ba yiniŋ Ibn Sina fɔra Tɩɩŋ Begri (''The Canon of Medicine)'' (juzuuhe 5). Ana gafu ŋa poye jiihi anaahe: yeŋ, naaŋbu bambujulhuuŋ, jɛdɩ (a quadrivium of arithmetic, geometry, astronomy), anɩŋ metaphysics. Greeki saŋanɩ tɩɛɛha fasanŋmirɩba awa Aristotle; Ptolemy mine taa aŋ daaŋ ɩ Hellenistic fasanŋmɩrɩba; anɩŋ fɔra Faarasii/Sɩlaama bambujulhuuŋ deme anɩŋ tɩɛɛha fasanŋmɩrɩba, awa Al-Kindi (Alkindus), Al-Farabi (Alfarabi), anɩŋ Al-Bīrūnī mine taa yɛlɩtarhe laŋ daaŋ daaguʋ ɩŋ ana kitaabu ŋa sɛʋbuŋ. === Teŋgbanɩ Bambujulho === Ibn Sina (Avicenna) daaŋ sɛʋyeŋ a Teŋgbanɩ Bambujulho mɩŋ yɛla awa geology ʋ Tɩʋre Kitaabu nɩ puoŋ. Ʋ sɛʋra bla nɩ piihi aŋ maŋ ɩ wa yɛla, ʋ pɛlɩ ku tɩŋ: "A na baŋ ɩŋ ka teŋgbanɩ muni damnɩhe, awa saŋa ŋaŋ ka teŋeŋ wa jighi, bii ka kuoŋ la ɩra a sababu, ka ana laŋ maŋ chiɛɛ sɔpaalaa, a yɩɛɛle a bɔrɩ, ka a trŋgbama ɩ buura buurq, a mine baanɩ, ka mine mɩŋ ɩ kpɩɛɛhe... ana dɩyɛ wɔgrɩ tɔɔre sere chɛ ka lɛohebo ŋa na baŋ nyɛ ɩɩbu, ka a bla ŋa na baŋ veŋ piihi simbu lɛo ŋmaabahe." === Yɛŋ nɩ aŋ bi Bambujulhuuŋ === Tɩʋre Kitaabu pore ŋa aŋ la Al-Burhan puoŋ, Ibn Sina chaaŋyɛ yɛŋ nɩ aŋ bi bambujulhuuŋ puoŋ a bighi bambujulhuuŋ bɔɔ ŋa baŋ na baŋ dɩ pɩɛɛhe yɛla. Ʋŋ sɛʋ a tɩ jɛgɩ Aristotle ''Posterior Analytics'' ''yɛla chɛ chɩɩhe nɩʋ yɛla awala mine puoŋ. Ibn Sina sɛʋyeŋ a wuli bɔɔ nɩ nɩɛ aŋ na tu a chɛ pɩɛɛhe bambujulhuuŋ puo yɛla anɩŋ jughebu "Ka wala ka nɩɛ na baŋ ɩ baŋ fɔrɔ begu aŋ bi bambujulhuuŋ?" Ʋŋ wuli bɔɔnɩ nɩɛ aŋ na maŋ tu ɩnyɛ ka ʋ naŋ a pɛɛha yɛla nimbiri bambujulhuuŋ daãhebo puoŋ.'' == Tuŋ Jaanɩ == === Lugusɛʋrɩ === Ibn Sina sɛʋrɩ nɩ kpoŋ jie ɩyɛ lugusɛʋrɩ. Ʋ lugusɛʋrɩ mɩŋ bie Lorbi Tɩrɩ nɩŋ Faarasii jaa puoŋ. Awa bighee puoŋ Edward Granville Browne ka ba dɩyɛ Faarasii lugusɛʋrɩ ŋa ku Omar Khayyám, chɛ saŋa nɩŋ ka Ibn Sina mɩŋa sɛʋrɩ la : از قعر گل سیاہ تا اوج زحل کردم ھمہ مشکلات گیتی راحل بیرون جستم زقید ھر مکر و حیل ھر بند گشادہ شدہ مگر بند اجل Tarɩjɩma : A yi teŋgban saglaa ŋa muni atarɩ gara Juhalu ( Saturn) jitɔɔre, Naambʋ jaa musaakahɩ ɩyɛ yɛla ŋ haŋ sɛghɩ . Ŋ faayie bɛrɩhe nɩŋ bɛlɩŋ jaa jɛmbahe ɩŋaŋ; Lɩraa la lɩraa jaa maŋ lore a yi Kuʋŋ lɩraa yoŋ puoreŋ. == Tumhe == Ibn Sina sɛʋrɩ nɩ daaŋ lɛʋhe Sɩlaamahe fasanŋmɩrɩba aŋ tu ʋ puoreŋ wa yɛlɩ jɛmaa puoŋ, ka a mine la Dɩɩna daãhebo, Jɛdɩ, Yieme anɩŋ Ŋmarɩbie bambu. Tumhe tayɛ awa juzuuhe 450 aŋ tɩ jɛgɩ walɩnɔ jɛmaa, chɛ ka buŋ aŋ naŋ bi be nuɔrɩ ɩ wa 240. Ʋ tuma nɩ aŋ naŋ bi be nɩ puoŋ juzuuhe wa 150 tɩ jɛgɩyɛ Tɩɛɛha fasanŋmɩɩbu, ka buuhu 40 mɩŋ jaa tɩ jɛgɩ Tɩɩŋ. Ʋ kitaabuhe aŋ pure yɛga la Tɩʋre Kitaabu (''The Book of Healing), anɩŋ Tɩɩŋ Begri (The Canon of Medicine).'' Ibn Sina sɛʋyɛ, a ba ta a ba ta jaa, kitaabu boŋyeni atɩ jɛgɩ alchemy, chɛ kitaabu jaanɩ bi be baŋ dɩ kuʋ saŋa ŋaŋ ka a ba ɩ yɛlɩmɩŋa. Ʋ Yɛŋ (''Logic) , Metaphysics, Physics, and De Caelo, jaa ɩyɛ sɛʋrɩ ŋa aŋ Aristotle sagɩdiibu, anaa jaa ka Metaphysics ɩyɛ wɛlɩyiibu a yi Neoplatonism ŋa baŋ banuʋ ka Aristotelianism, Ibn Sina yɩŋ dunɛɛ puoŋ; Lorbihe tɩɛɛha fasanŋmɩrɩba yɛlɩŋ ka haaqila Ibn Sina aŋ daaŋ tɩɛɛra nɩ daaŋ ɩyɛ mɔɔre ka ʋ lɛʋhe Sɩlaamɛɛ tɩɛɛha fasaniŋmɩ jaa gaanɩŋ Aristotle haaqila nɩ, aŋ ba yiniŋ ʋ dandɩɛɛyie deme, aŋ daaŋ dɩ Plato, Aristotle anɩŋ puore Plato tumhe kpɛ laŋ taa ɩŋ Sɩlaamahe karɩmbo puoŋ nɩ.'' Ba daaŋ la lɛʋ ŋmɩyɛ a Yeŋ (Logic) anɩŋ Metaphysics yɛga, awa Venice puoŋ 1493, 1495 anɩŋ1546 yuomoŋ. Ka sɛʋrɩ bɩɛɛla mine mɩŋ aŋ tɩ jɛgɩ Tɩɩŋ, Yeŋ, anɩŋ ataa jɛmaa kpɛ naaŋ diibu yɛltarɩhe puo( 1836 puoŋ la ka Schmoelders daaŋ ŋmɩyɛ ʋ Lugusɛʋrɩ aŋ tɩ jɛgɩ Yɛŋ). Gafu bɛra ayi aŋ tɩ jɛgɩ tɩɛɛha fasanŋmɩ ɩyɛ buuhu ŋa baŋ maŋ yɛla a yɛla. A buŋkpoŋ, Al-Shifa' (Sanatio), naŋ biye Bodleian Kitaabuhe-dio a paalɩ anɩŋ jiejaanɩŋ; Pavia (1490) ʋ chɛlɩɩ yie De Anima a ɩ Liber Sextus Naturalium, ka Muhammad al-Shahrastani sɛʋre ʋ sɛʋ tɩ jɛgɩ Ibn Sina tɩɛɛha fasanŋmɩ ɩŋ wa Al-Shifa' muni wɛlhebu bɩɩ ka ʋ nɩŋ ʋju ʋŋ la sɛʋ Al-Shifa' (Sanatio). Ka ana sɛʋrɩ ŋa ba haŋ lɛo ŋmi ʋ buŋ bile ba buɔɔnuuŋ An-najat (Liberatio). Ana kitaabu ŋa chɛlɩɩ baŋ lɛʋhe ɩŋ Latin tɩrɩ puoŋ ɩyɛ buŋ ŋa a tɩrɩ ŋa bagɩnɩba aŋ yɛlɩ ka ba maalɩŋ sɛghuʋŋ ʋŋ ahetɔre. Ka mɩŋ la bi be baŋ bʋɔna حكمت مشرقيه (hikmat-al-mashriqqiyya, Latin tɩrɩŋ baŋ buɔnuʋ Philosophia Orientalis), ka Roger Bacon yɛlɩ ʋ yɛla, chɛ ka ʋ kpoŋjie jaa bɔrɩ, ka Ibn Rushd (Averroes) yɛlɩ ka ʋ nɩŋ sirkie tɛɛha jaaŋ ɩ boŋyeni. Ibn Sina tumhe mine mɩŋ naŋ la: ''Sirat al-shaykh al-ra'is'' (Ibn Sina Sɩɩra [Vorhuŋ yɛla] ''The Life of Avicenna''), ed. WE. Gohlman, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1974. ( ka ʋna yoŋ la Ibn Sina mɩŋa Sɩɩra aŋ bi be ka ʋ mɩŋa sɛʋ, ka ʋ karɩmabie mɩŋ aŋ la Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani ʋŋ mɩŋ sɛʋ paahe. Tɩ jɛmanɩ ŋa puoŋ ba ba la ɩyɛ ana kitaabu ŋa tarɩjɩma ʋŋ bi D. Gutas, Ibn Sina anɩŋ Aristotle yɛlɩ-ɩbɔɔrɩ: ''Introduction to Reading Avicenna's Philosophical Works'', Leiden: Brill, 1988; yiiluoŋ ŋmɩɩbu 2014.) * ''Al-isharat wa al-tanbihat'' (Wulibu nɩŋ Kawanɩhe, ''Remarks and Admonitions''), ed. S. Dunya, Cairo, 1960; jiihi nɩ S.C. Inati aŋ ɩ a Tarɩjɩma, Remarks and Admonitions, Juzu Fɔra: Logic, Toronto, Ont.: Pontifical Institute for Mediaeval Studies, 1984, anɩŋ Ibn Sina and Mysticism, Wulibu nɩŋ Kawanɩhe: Juzu 4, London: Kegan Paul International, 1996. * ''Al-Qanun fi'l-tibb'' (Tɩɩŋ Begiri, ''The Canon of Medicine''), ed. I. a-Qashsh, Cairo, 1987. (Encyclopedia of medicine.) Nusɛʋre, Latin tarɩjɩma, Flores Avicenne, Michael de Capella, 1508, Jine sɛʋre . Ahmed Shawkat Al-Shatti, Jibran Jabbur. * ''Risalah fi sirr al-qadar'' (Lajɩli Goŋdo Gbaŋʋ, ''Essay on the Secret of Destiny''), tarɩjɩma.Hourani in Reason and Tradition in Islamic Ethics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. * ''Danishnama'' ''(Bambujulhuuŋ Kitaabu)'' "The Book of Scientific Knowledge", P. Morewedge tarɩjɩma la, baŋ kuʋ ka ''The Metaphysics of Avicenna'', London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973. * Tɩʋre Kitaabu "''The Book of Healing", Ibn Sina nimbiji tuma aŋ bi tɩɛɛha fasanŋmɩ. Beŋ la ʋŋ piili ka ʋ sɛʋ al-Shifaa1014 yuoni puoŋ, a baahe ʋ sɛʋbu 1020 puoŋ. Ba la maalɩ ŋmɩyɛ ʋ Lorbi Tɩrɩ sɛʋre ŋa Cairo puoŋ, ayi 1952–83, ka I. Madkour kaa a tuma tuŋ.'' * ''Kitab al-Najat'' (Chihiluŋ Kitaabu) "The Book of Salvation", F. Rahman ɩ ʋ tarɩjɩma, Ibn Sina Tɩɛɛha: ka ʋna la ''Kitab al-Najat,'' ''Kitaabu II, Pori VI aŋ tarɩ teŋkore yɛla sɛʋre anɩŋ a maalɩ sɛʋbu Cairo kitaabu ŋmɩruu neŋ, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1952. (The psychology of al-Shifa'.) (Lorbi Tɩrɩ Digital version sɛʋre)'' * ''Risala fi'l-Ishq'' ''(Numbu Gbaŋʋ)'' "A Treatise on Love". Emil L. Fackenheim laŋ ɩ ʋ tarɩjɩma. === Faarasii (Persia tɩrɩ) Tumhe === Ibn Sina Faarasii tɩrɩ sɛʋ kpoŋ la ''Danishnama'' ''( دانشنامہ علائی، Bambu Kitaabu) " Book of Knowledge". Ka Ibn Sina daaŋ waanɩŋ bambujulhuuŋ yɛlɩyɛgbie ŋa aŋ ɩ paanɩ a daŋ ba chi Faarasii puoŋ. Kitaabu nɩ aŋ la Danishnama tɩ jɛgɩyɛ Yeŋ (logic), metaphysics, Yieme sɛʋrɩ anɩŋ bambu jaanɩ nɩ mɩŋ aŋ daaŋ ana saŋa ŋaŋ. A nansaare yuoni 1977 ka Parwiz Morewedge daaŋ lɛohuʋ gaanɩŋ Nansaaree. Ana Gafu ŋa mɩŋ tarɩyɛ tɔna yɛga ka nieŋ buɔra ka ɩ Faarasii bambujulhuu yɛla la ɩŋ buɔraa.'' Andar Dānish-i Rag ( اندر دانش رگ, Jinwʋʋhe bambu , "On the Science of the Pulse") tarɩyɛ pore awai aŋ tɩ jɛgɩ Jinwʋʋhe bambu ka ʋ puo yɛla ɩ julhuu yɛga. Faarasii tɩrɩ lugusɛʋre aŋ yi Ibn Sina sɩŋ a bi nusɛʋre puoŋ anɩŋ a puore sɛʋre ŋa aŋ bi gafuhe ŋa aŋ tarɩ ninjaanɩ jaanɩ sɛʋre awa Nozhat al-Majales. == Kaanyɛ Mɩŋ == * Al-Qumri (Ʋ yiniye Ibn Sina Karɩma) * Abdol Hamid Khosro Shahi (Iran Dɩɩna Karɩma ) * Mummia (Persia Tɩɩŋ) * Ŋmintonpuheŋeeŋ Tɩɛɛha Fasaniŋmɩɩbu * Iran Tɩɛɛha Fasaniŋmɩɩbu * Sɩlaamɛɛ Tɩɛɛha Fasaniŋmɩɩbu * Jine Jɛmanɩ Sɩlaamɛɛ Tɩɛɛha Fasaniŋmɩɩbu * Saŋanɩ Sɩlaamɛɛ Bambujulhuu * Saŋanɩ Sɩlaamahe Bambujulhuu Deme * Sufi Tɩɛɛha Fasaniŋmɩɩbu * Bambujulhuu nɩŋ Nimbitɔɔrɩgaabu Iran puoŋ * Saŋanɩ Jɛmanɩ Iran Tɩɩŋ * Iran Bagɩna yoe === Ibn Sina Tɔgmahe === * Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences in Aligarh * Avicenna Bay aŋ bi Antarctica * Avicenna (crater) on the far side of the Moon * Avicenna Cultural and Scientific Foundation * Avicenne Asibitɩ aŋ bi Paris, France * Avicenna International College in Budapest, Hungary * Avicenna Mausoleum (complex dedicated to Avicenna) in Hamadan, Iran * Avicenna Research Institute aŋ bi Tehran, Iran * Avicenna Tajik State Medical University aŋ bi Dushanbe, Tajikistan * Bu-Ali Sina University aŋ bi Hamedan, Iran * Ibn Sina Peak aŋ bi Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan border * Ibn Sina Foundation aŋ bi Houston, Texas * Ibn Sina Asibɩtɩ, Baghdad, Iraq * Ibn Sina Asibɩt, Istanbul, Turkey * Ibn Sina Medical College Asibɩtɩ , Dhaka, Bangladesh * Ibn Sina University Asibɩtɩ aŋ bi Rabat-Salé Mohammed V University Rabat, Morocco puoŋ. * Ibne Sina Asibɩtɩ , Multan, Punjab, Pakistan * International Ibn Sina Clinic, Dushanbe, Tajikistan == Tarɩjiihi == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] {{INTERWIKI|Q8011}} qloqql9433ppm5p0o6nn5u4r241qlu8 0 3707668 7240259 7030696 2026-07-05T14:43:45Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 /* {{=rki=}} */ 7240259 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဠကြီး === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/lkɹï/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ဠ အက္ခရာဧ့ နာမည် === အင်္ဂလိပ် === name of the thirty-second letter of the Arakan alphabet === ဗမာ === ဠ အက္ခရာ၏ အမည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} 7h1qnadkfsvmk6n6n295dg4a5faaz7k 14 3713376 7240687 7236717 2026-07-06T06:56:44Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q140446781]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240687 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q140446781}} g0qmbfcltwbecn5xsqpooetnmdsf5vg 14 3713387 7240652 7236707 2026-07-06T05:13:14Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q140446386]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240652 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q140446386}} tq778fzboxaf1cdygtolrfvx1em19qg 14 3713389 7240657 7236710 2026-07-06T05:28:04Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q140446413]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240657 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q140446413}} a408g564epnmqfzhp93vc135xl1q9yf 14 3713392 7240658 7236713 2026-07-06T05:32:44Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q140446419]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240658 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q140446419}} pyhga6wu0gtp8am9pgfdpxt16o9x1d4 14 3713393 7240686 7236716 2026-07-06T06:52:58Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q140446763]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240686 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki]] [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q140446763}} 1wzktli5gd5xtpb9pn5q3qlcsekw2pr 0 3713891 7240745 7220466 2026-07-06T08:17:52Z Shayi ngolu 2566594 7240745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Franck Haise''', mulela mu Dia matuku dikumi ni itanu a ngondu muinayi mu tshidimu tshia 1971 mu Mont-Saint-Aignan (Seine-Maritime), udi mu nayi wa ndundu mu ditunga Dia France. [[File:Entraînement du RC Lens - 3 juillet 2023 47 (cropped).jpg|197px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3082153}} 0b4lrq7ly63w3nu83ltmawbe4fpf8s1 10 3735462 7240228 7083158 2026-07-05T14:10:14Z Sree1959 2594881 வார்ப்புரு உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7240228 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=0 class="toccolours plainlinks" style="margin: 0 auto 0 auto;" |- ! {{MediaWiki:Toc}}: | [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}}} Top] – [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=0}} 0–9] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=அ}} அ] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ஆ}} ஆ] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=இ}} இ] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ஈ}} ஈ] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=உ}} உ] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ஊ}} ஊ] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=எ}} எ] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ஏ}} ஏ] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ஐ}} ஐ] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ஒ}} ஒ] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ஓ}} ஓ] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ஔ}} ஔ] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=க}} க] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ங}} ங] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ச}} ச] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ஜ}} ஜ] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ஞ}} ஞ] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ட}} ட] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ண}} ண] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=த}} த] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ந}} ந] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ப}} ப] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ம}} ம] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ய}} ய] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ர}} ர] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ல}} ல] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=வ}} வ] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ஷ}} ஷ] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ஸ}} ஸ] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ஹ}} ஹ] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ள}} ள] [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ழ}} ழ] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|from=ற}} ற] |}<noinclude> ''Taken from [[:Wikisource:Template:CategoryTOC]]'' </noinclude> [[Category:Wy/ta/Templates]] e3fnrmxv98mute55uzeni3e9vanlpfa 0 3740750 7240693 7161226 2026-07-06T07:15:35Z Elivis256 2609238 /* 7. ENTEEKATEEKA Y'OKUKORA AHA MAZIBA FARM Y'AMAZI' */ 7240693 wikitext text/x-wiki = [[File:Water_development_program_and_IHE_Delft_logos.png|147x147px]] [[File:Sfr2cc_climate_resilience_logo.jpg|108x108px]] = ''EKITABO KY'OKUKORESHA AMAIZI AHA FARMU OMU KITUNDU KYA MAZIBA, KIGEZI' = ''1. OKUTAMBURA AMAZI OMU MAZIBA SUB-CATCHMENT''' = = ''0.1 Ekikwatiraine niki?'' ' = 'ekicweeka'' (oba omwanya gw'amaizi) n'ekicweeka ky'eitaka ryona ekirikurundaana enjura n'amaizi kuruga omu mwanya ogurikwetengwa (omugyera, enyanja, n'ebirara). Omuri Maziba, enjura yoona erikugwa aha nshozi n'amahamba (ekicweeka ky'amaizi) ekahwaho erikuraba omu migyera y'amaizi, erikuriisa Kagera/enyanja ya Victoria (Saturday et al. , 2015). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, abahingi b'aha rushozi haihi n'amaizi, ku barikubaasa kuboneza ebibira nainga okuhinga eitaka ry'amabaare hatariho buffers, nibasindika ebisharara hamwe n'eby'okurya omu maizi, ebirikuteganisa abantu abari haihi n'eibiikiro ry'amaizi. N'ahabw'ekyo, enkuba neeza ahaiguru, erikuraba ahagati n'ahansi, kandi erikuruga omu maizi, erikureeta okwiirira, ebyetaago by'omu maka hamwe n'eby'obuhangwa bw'ensi omu muhanda. = ''1.2 Enjura Eihunga Emitendera y'okutaaha''' = Enkora y'okutebekanisa amaizi omu myanya y'okwihiramu amaizi neekoresa ebintu ebirikugyenda omu maisho n'ebirikugyenda omu maisho. <math display="inline">P - ET - Q = \mathrm{\Delta}S + \mathrm{\Delta}G + \mathrm{\Delta}W</math> ahu ''P'''' n'okugwa kw'enjura, ''Q'' n'okushuka kw'amaizi, ''ET'' n'okushuka kw'amaizi, ''D'S'' n'empindahinduka omu itaka/amaizi g'ahansi, ''G'' [[File:Simplified_partitioning_of_rainfall.png|443x443px]] Ekishushani:1 Okwegaita kw'enjura (P) omu nkoragana y'amaizi eya Q, E, hamwe n'okugibiika/okugibiika omu nkoragana y'amai ''Runoff drivers on slopes:'' Steeper slopes generate faster runoff because water has less time to infiltrate and is more likely to erode soil. Maziba's terrain is very hilly (steep topography...results in high erosion potential, so gravity-driven runoff is strong. ''Eby'obuhangwa:''Eby'obuhangwa hamwe n'emirandira nibikyerereeza amaizi n'okureetaho entunguuka. Okutwarira hamwe, eitaka eriri ahansi y'ekibira n'obunyasi, niritwara amaizi juba kukira eitaka eritarikwetengwa. Ebintu ebirikuruga omu bimera hamwe n'ebihingwa, nibikoma eitaka omu bintu ebirikwetengwa, ekirikureetaho omwanya murungi gw'amaizi. Omuri Maziba, eitaka eririkukira obwingi n'eitaka ry'ebihingwa (ebihimba, ebitookye, ebihimba, n'ebirara) eririmu ebibira bikye. N'ahabw'ekyo, okureebeka ngu eitaka rikwetengwa, n'eky'omugasho omu kukyendeeza amaizi g'amaizi. ''Enkora y'amaizi okutaaha omu itaka:'' Amaizi nigategyekwa entuura hamwe n'entekateka. Entekateka y'eitaka, eitaka eririmu omusheenyi riine emifuregye mihango, n'ahabw'ekyo omu kutandika riine emifuregye mihango (obwire obwingi x3E;7. 6 mm/hr). Eitaka eririmu omusheenyi riine emifuregye mihango kandi niribaasa kukyendeeza okutaaha ahari x3C;1. 3 mm/hr. Eitaka rya Maziba riine emifuregye y'eitaka omu itaka (Nseka et al. , 2022), ekirikworeka Eitaka ryomire niryejunisa juba, kwonka nk'oku ririkwejunisa, omuhendo nigukyendeera kuhisya ahamutwe ogurikukirayo kukyerererwa. Omu bugufu, entunguka y'eitaka neetwarwa omwanya ogurikukirayo kukyerererwa (Johnson, 1963). Emeeza: Okutekateka kw'obushoboorozi bw'eitaka kurugirira aha mitendera y'eitaka hamwe n'eitaka. {| class="wikitable" !Soil Texture (HSG) !Land Cover/Condition !Infiltration Rate (mm/hr) |- |Sandy (Group A) |Forest/grass (loose) |&#x3E;8–15 (high) |- |Sandy (Group A) |Cropland (tilled) |~4–8 |- |Loamy (Group B/C) |Mixed vegetation |~3–6 |- |Loamy (Group B/C) |Compacted/bare |~1–3 |- |Clayey (Group D) |Vegetated |~1–3 |- |Clayey (Group D) |Cultivated (dry surface) |~0.2–1 (very low) |} Ebirikugambwaho ahaiguru nibyoreka ngu ''eitaka n'ebihingwa''' nibikorera hamwe: n'eitaka eririmu amabaare, niribaasa kukyendeeza munonga okutaaha omunda y'eitaka ku riraabe rikoresiibwe. Omuri Maziba, eitaka eriri ahansi y'eitaka eririmu ebimera birungi (nk'okureeberaho, ebicweka by'ebibira) niritaha omunda y'eitaka juba, kwonka = ''1.3 Ebirikureetaho Okugaruka omuri Maziba''' = Omu kicweka kya Maziba, ebintu bingi nibibaasa kurwanisa emifuregye n'okutsinduka kw'eitaka: * ''Slopes steepness:'' Ensozi ezirikukwata amaizi (okutuuka ahari ~25° n'okukiraho ahari ridges) nizikyendeeza amaizi. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu ebicweka bya Kigezi nka Maziba n'ebicweka ''hot spots'' ahabw'okushwekyerera amaizi. Omu by'okureeberaho, ebiragiro bya Uganda nibigamba ngu emishozi <3E;15% (nk'ebirikwingana na 8.5°) n'emishozi, ahu emishororongo hamwe n'okurinda kw'amaani kurikubaasa kuzi * ''Ebitongore by'eitaka hamwe n'okubiika:'' Ebihandiiko ebirikukwata ahari Maziba tibikye, kwonka okucondooza kw'omubyaro nikworeka oburugo bw'eitaka oburimu ebyoma by'eitaka (Nseka et al. , 2022). Eitaka ry'eitaka (ekibinja ky'amaizi ekya C/D) nirizibira munonga okutaahirira (obwire obwingi C3C;2 mm/hr (Brunner, 2026), n'ahabw'ekyo ebicweka nibirugwamu amaizi maingi buri njura kukira ebicweka by'eitaka. * ''Okugumya eitaka hamwe n'ebintu ebirikukwata aha itaka:''Okuhinga munonga hamwe n'okutambura kw'amatungo nikureetaho okugumya eitaka ry'ahaiguru. Okugumya eitaka ry'ahansi nainga ery'ahansi (ebirikukira kubaho ahabwa karboni w'eby'obuhangwa kukye) nikukyerereza amaizi okutaaha. Okucondooza okwakozirwe omwihanga nikuhamya ngu Maziba eine ''oburemeezi bw'abantu baingi, okutema emiti, hamwe n'okuhinga munonga'', byona ebirikureeta okushenya kw'eitaka hamwe n'okukyerererwa kw * '''Enkora y'okureeberera eitaka n'okurinda eitaka:'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Okutwarira hamwe, ''okwihaho kw'amaizi n'okw'amaani''''''okwihaho kw'amaizi'''''okwihaho kw'amaizi'''''okwihaho kw'amaizi''''''okwihaho kw'amaizi''''okwihaho kw'amaizi''''okwihaho kw'amaizi'''''okwihaho kw'amaizi'(Ndemere, 2018). <blockquote>''Embeera y'obwire hamwe n'enjura:'' Nk'oku kyagambirwe, enjura nyingi omu siizoni nkye, nereeta amaizi maingi. Abahingi bashemereire kumanya ngu amaizi maingi nigabaho omu njura za MarchMay na SeptemberNov (Saturday et al. , 2025). Okushushana kw'obwire (obwire bw'ekyanda n'obwire bw'obunyogovu) nikimanyisa okujanjaara n'obwire bw'okutaaha omu itaka: eitaka niriguma rigumire omu bwire bw'ekyanda, bwanyima rikatandika okutsya ama</blockquote> = ''1.4 Okucondooza kw'omurimo''' = Enkora egi erikukurataho neebaasisa abahingi n'abakozi b'eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa kukyendeeza ahonaaho omutindo gw'eitaka aha faamu. Ebi nibibaasa kukorwa n'ebikwato byorobi (omutegyeki, konteyina, ekyoma ky'eitaka, n'ebirara) kandi bikahandiikwa omu # ''Okuteebereza oburengye:''Pima oburengye bw'omwanya orikukoresa ''clinometer'' (inclinometer), app y'esimu ey'omungaro erimu omurimo gwa level, nainga omuringo gwa Rise over Run (teeka ekikopo kya level board nainga string aha buringwa oburikumanywa ## '''''Oburungi bwahansi:''''&#3C;3% (burungi) okubyara okwa buriijo kurabira omu mpindahinduka. ## ''''''Eky'oburyo:'''''315% kozesa okubyara ebishushani, ebishushani, n'ebishushani. ## ''''Steep:'''''&#3E;15% nibyetenga okurambura nainga obuhwezi bw&#39;ekitebe. Handiika oburengye omu bicweka ahari igana bwa buri # ''Runoff observation:''' Bwanyima y'enjura nyingi, reeba ahu amaizi garikutamburira hamwe n'okwiruka. Sima akatimba kakye k'okukyeberwa (3050 cm obuhango) aha rushozi, ozibire enkomerero emwe, kandi opimire amaizi agarikurundana nainga agarikurugaho omu bwire oburikwetengwa. Reeba omutindo gw'eitaka: reeba emifuregye (emikutu mikye) nainga empapura z'okutamburira. # ''Kyebera entekateka y'eitaka hamwe n'okushwekyerera:'' Aha myanya mikye,sima ekinnya kikye (~20 cm deep) oyetegyereze entekateka y'eitaka. Yetegyereze emitendera hamwe n'obwiire bw'ebikooko.Rundaana eitaka rikye reero osikyeberere mporampora: eitaka eririkucwekyereera, eririkucwekyereera nirirungi. Eitaka ryaba rikugumire, ririkuzibira juba, nainga ryaba riine okutangaara kw'eitaka nk'eibumba, entekateka Kozesa ''penetrometer y'omungaro''' (ku erikuba eriho) nainga omuggo gw'ebyoma ogurikwetengwa munonga: gyeza omu itaka eririmu orwezo, reeba oburemeezi bwa kg/cm2 nainga pawundi/in2 (nainga oburemeezi bwa cm2 oburikwetengwa. Okugumizamu kw'amaani munonga (nk'eky'okureeberaho ,&#3E;20003000 kPa) nikyoreka okukwatanisa. Reeba okubaho kw'oburemeezi nainga oburemeezi bukye (empinduka y' # ''Infiltration ring test:''' Teekaho ''infiltrometer'''' erikwetengwa orikuteeka empeta y'ekyoma (~2030 cm diameter) omuitaka (hammer it in 510 cm). Yiha amaizi maingi (eky'okureeberaho, obuziba bwa sentimita 5) omu mpeta kandi opime obwire bw'okuyiha omu mwanya mukye. Garukamu nainga ogarukemu omurundi gumwe. Okuteekaho empeta ibiri (empeta emwe omunda y'endiijo) nikirungi, kwonka empeta emwe neebaasa kworeka omuhendo. ## ''Fast''' (nk'eky'okureeberaho,&#x3E;10 mm/hr) erikwikiriza munonga. ## ''Moderate''' (210 mm/hr) okutaaha omunda. ## ''Slow'''' (&#x3C;2 mm/hr) oburemeezi oburikubaasa kubaho; teekateeka aha by'okukora. Handiika omuhendo ogupim # ''Okuhandiika ebirikukwataho:'' Kozesa emeeza yorobi kuhandiika ebirugiremu ahari buri mwanya ogurikworekwa. Nk'eky'okureeberaho: {| class="wikitable" !'''Site''' !'''Slope (%)''' !'''Land Use (Crop/Cover)''' !'''Penetrometer''' !'''Infiltration (mm/hr)''' !'''Soil Structure''' !'''Runoff Observed''' !'''Actions''' |- |1 |18 |Maize |2500 kPa |1.2 |Hardpan at 15 cm |Yes (rilling) |Needs terraces |- |2 |5 |Forest remnant |1500 kPa |12 |Granular |No |Good condition |- |3 |12 |Sweet potatoes |2000 kPa |3.5 |Some blockiness |Slightly (sheet) |Add mulch/cover |} ''Ebiragiro by'okusharaho ahonaaho''' Okuruga omu bihandiiko by'omumwanya, goberera ebiragiro byanguhi: # Orutindo rw'ahaiguru (&#x3E;15%): Ku oraabe otarikwetegyerezibwa munonga, kwombeka ebishengye nainga ebishengye by'omwata. # Orutindo oruri ahaiguru (315%): Kozesa enyiriri z'eitaka. Reeba ngu okoresa ebihingirwe ebirikwetengwa, okurinda eitaka. # Okutaaha omu itaka mpora mpora (&#x3C;12 mm/hr): Nikibaasa kukwatanisa nainga eitaka. Henda eitaka orikwihaho nainga okoresa eitaka # Okushara eitaka ahaiguru: Ku riraabe ririkushara eitaka (tihaine ebintu bingi ebirikubaasa kurundaana eitaka), gyezaho okushara kakye kandi ogume no # Okweyongyera kw'amaizi okureebeka: Hinga obunyasi nainga emigyera aha nkora yaayo, kandi oteekateekye aha bishengye bikye by'okukyebera amaizi g' # Okutaahamu okurikumara; okubikka: Ekibanja kyaba kirikworeka okutaahamu kw'amaani kandi kitarikwetomboita, enkora eriho obwahati neekumara; ok = ''2.'' '' ''BALANSI Y'AMAZIIGA N'EBYETENGYERO BY'AMAZIIGA'' '' = = ''2.1 Eitaka nk'enkora y'okubiika amaizi''' = Eitaka niribiika amaizi omu mwanya oguri ahagati y'ebicweka. Bwanyima y'enjura nainga okuhinga amaizi, amaizi agarikukira obwingi nigatwara amaizi g'omu itaka kuhisya obu eitaka ryahika aha field capacity (FC) amaizi amahango agarikuruga omu itaka, kandi amaizi agarikukwatwa emibugo gasigaireho (Datta et al. , 2017). Okweyongyera kwoma ahagati y'ebimera kurugwamu amaizi g'omumaisho (PWP) amaizi g'omu itaka nigakwatwa munonga (~1500 kPa) kandi emizi y'ebimera terikubaasa kugigura (Datta et al. Amaizi agarikukoresibwa ebihingirwe n'amaizi agari ahagati ya FC na PWP; ekirikushushana, 'amaizi agarikukoresibwa' (AWC nainga TAW) ni FC okwihaho PWP. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, eitaka ry'eitaka riine FC~2510% vol na PWP~1215% vol, n'ahabw'ekyo AWC ~1015% vol (Datta et al. , 2017) (Reeba omuzaano 1 okumanya omuhendo gw'obuhangwa. Amaizi g'omu itaka nigapimibwa kurabira omu kushwijuma gravimetric (okupima eby'okureeberaho by'omubitaka batakanyomire/bwanyima y'okwomya omuriro) hamwe n'emitwarize ya pressure-plate nainga sensa. Ebyoma by'okukoresa omu rabaratore nibibaasa kumanya FC na PWP aha bwimukiriro oburikwetengwa (-333 na -1500 kPa, kurugiriraho). Omu mwanya, ebyoma ebirikukwata aha bwingi (Time-domain reflectometry, capacitance probes) nibihereza ebirikushomwa; ebyoma ebirikukwata aha Orupanka 1 nirushoboorora omu bwijwire FC, PWP, hamwe na AWC ezirikujwekyera entuura y'eitaka nyingi (ebihandiiko kuruga omu USDA/oburugo bw'eitaka (Datta et al. , 2017). Ebitongore ebi nibyoreka: eitaka ry'omusheenyi niribaasa kuba riine FC=21% vol na WP=9% vol (AWC=12%), kwonka {| class="wikitable" !'''Texture''' !'''FC (% vol)''' !'''WP (% vol)''' !'''AWC (% vol)''' |- |Sand |10 |4 |6 |- |Sandy loam |21 |9 |12 |- |Loam |27 |12 |15 |- |Sandy clay loam |36 |16 |20 |- |Clay loam |29 |18 |11 |- |Clay |40 |22 |18 |} omuhendo gw'eitaka= FC; omwanya gw'okunyogoza ogw'obutwire = PWP; amaizi agari omu bimera= AWC= FCPWP ahabw'eitaka er = ''2.2 Ebika by'eitaka omuri Maziba''' = Ekicweka kya Maziba (Kigezi region, S.W. Uganda) kirimu ensozi n'ebibanda. Ebibiina by'eitaka ebirikukirayo oburungi ni Luvisols (~42%) hamwe na Acric Ferralsols (~31%) hamwe na Planosols (~22%) (Ndemere, 2018), ebirikworeka eitaka eririmu amaizi, eririmu asidi, eririmu amaizi marungi, eririkujanjaara munonga. # ''Eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka. Ebihingirwe ebiri ahaitaka ry'omusheenyi omuri Maziba, nibyetenga okwihirirwa nainga enjura; ebisharara hamwe n'eby'obuhangwa nibihwera okurinda obugimu. Ahabw'obutungi bukye, eitaka eri nirigasirwa omu kuhunduuza. Okuhinga kurungi n'okushereka omwitaka nikyetengwa okwetantara okurundaana n'okugwa kw'amaizi. # ''Eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka. Kwonka, enjura nyingi neebaasa kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika, eitaka ryaba riine amaizi marungi, kwonka riine amaizi marungi, n'obuhangwa burungi hamwe n'ebintu ebirikukwata aha magara g'omuntu. Okubiika eitaka hamwe n'ebishengye nibikora kihango omu kutandika kutandika kutandika. # ''Eitaka ry'aha rubaju rw'orushozi eririkwetengwa:'''Aha myanya y'ebibanda nainga engyendo za faamu, eitaka niribaasa kweyongyera (BD ~1. 51. 7 g/cm3 nainga ahaiguru), okukyendeeza emifuregye hamwe n'okutaaha. Eitaka nk'eryo niryoreka AWC nkye (emifuregye egwire) hamwe n'oburemeezi bwingi bw'okugwa. '''Okureberera:'''Okugarura busya nikitwariramu okusharamu emifuregye y'omu eitaka nainga emifuregye y'omu eitaka (nk. , kurabira omubinyasi nainga ebicoori) nikihwera okuhenda ebicweka ebirikuteerwaho obwire ku buraahweire. = ''2.3 Root Zone Water Management''' = Ebihingirwe ebirikukira obwingi omuri Maziba biine emizi mikye munonga (obwire obwingi 0.10.3m ahabw'ebicoori, emboga, ebinyeebwa), nahabwekyo eitaka eririkugaba amaizi rikye munonga. Omuzi mukye nigukwata amaizi makye munonga, nahabwekyo n'okukoresa amaizi omu muringo oguri ahaiguru nikukumaraho juba. Okuhinga (nainga enjura) kushemereire kuba nikukorwa buri kaire. 2 m root zone ne AWC ~10% vol neekwata 20 mm zonka ez'amaizi; 5 mm buriizooba ez'ebihingirwe nizikoresa 25% zaago omu eizooba rimwe, n'ahabw'ekyo okwitirira nikubaasa kwetengwa buri biro 34 omu bwire bw'okukoresa munonga. Oyihireho emizi, amaizi nigabaasa kuhika ahaiguru. Okuhika ahaiguru y'emizi nikukira kubaho omubihingirwe (okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho. , hamwe n'amaizi ag'omwonyo) nigabaasa kureeta omwonyo omu myanya y'ebikooko. Amaizi omu njura nyingi nainga okwitirira nigabaasa kurabira omu eitaka kurabira omu myanya y'ebikooko, emihanda y'ebikooko, nainga ebinnya by'ensiri, okugyenda juba omu eitaka eririkwetengwa munonga (okukoresa amaizi g'omwonyo). Okukoresa amaizi g'omwonyo, nikyetenga okukoresa omuringo gumwe n'okureeberera eitaka eririkwetengwa munonga (nk. , kurabira omu bihingwa by'okushereka. = ''2.4 Okutunguura entekateka y'eitaka''' = Enkora nungi y'eitaka neeyongyera amaizi, okwegaita, hamwe na AWC. Eby'okukora ebikuru nibitwariramu okwongyera eby'obuhangwa, okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka, okushoreka, n'ok * ''Eby'obuhangwa:''Okuteekamu orwezo, orwezo, nainga orwezo, mporampora nikweyongyera ahaby'obuhangwa by'eitaka (OM). OM erikukiraho neekwata amaizi kandi neetunguura okukwatanisa (omu muringo ogutahikire n'okureetaho AWC). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza kumwe kukashanga ngu okuteekamu orwezo orurimu omusheenyi ogurikwingana ebitundu 3350% eby'ebyokurya-ebisasiro (omubwingi) kik (N'obu ebishare by'okuhindura eitaka biri ahaiguru munonga, nibyoreka ngu n'okwongyera omutindo gw'eitaka, nikibaasa kukyendeeza amaani g'eitaka n'okwongyera amaani g'eitaka.) Omu kukoresa, okwongyera ~510 t/ha za komputa nainga orwezo buri mwaka, nikibaasa kutandika kutunguura ebyombeko omu bwire bwa sizooni 12 n'ebindi. Omu bwire bureingwa (35 emyaka), okukyebera eitaka nikyoreka ngu omutindo gw'eitaka niguky * ''Okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka:'''Okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka (no-till or low-till) nikireebeka nk'ekintu ky'omugasho kandi kizibira okutandika kw'ebishushani (plow pans). Okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka, nikikuuma eitaka okurekyera enjura n'okukyendeeza okusibira. Okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka nikiyamba eitaka (earthworms, emizi) okurinda emifuregye. * ''Ebihingirwe ebirikwetoroora:''Okuhinga ebihingirwe ebirikwetoroora nainga orwezo orurikutukura (okureeberaho, ebicoori, ebinyasi) ahagati y'ebihingirwe ebikuru, nikyongyera emihanda y'emirandira erikugumizamu hamwe n'ebirikwetoroora. Ebihingirwe ebirikwetoroora nibihwera omu kuhenda okwetoroora kw'eitaka, kandi ebisigaire nibyongyera OM. Omu myaka 23 y'okuhinga ebihingirwe ebirikwetoroora, eitaka niryoreka entunguuka omu OM (okureeberaho, +12% OM), okuky * ''Okwongyeramu orwezo:''Okujanjaaza orwezo oruherize kukorwa (omu mbuga, omu kiyungu, nainga omu faamu) reero orukwatanisa omu itaka ery'ahaiguru, nirureeta eby'obuhangwa ahonaaho. N'okukoresa orwezo rumwe (nk'eky'okureeberaho, 10 g/ha) nikibaasa kwongyera OM y'eitaka n'obucweka 0.51% kandi kikongyera amaizi omu itaka. Omu myanya y'omusheenyi, okwongyera ~23% or Omu bwingi, okucondooza kwingi nikuhamya ngu okwombeka OM nikukyendeza omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo ''Emitendera y'omugasho hamwe n'obwire:''' Ahonaaho, abahingi nibabaasa kukoresa omusiri gw'ebihingirwe nainga orwezo kureeba entunguuka nkye omu siizoni emwe. Okwihaho okuhinga okutarikwetengwa (no-till) nikutandika kurinda ebyombeko ahonaaho. Kwonka, okwombeka OM ey'amaani (n'empindahinduka empango omuri BD nainga AWC) buriijo nikyetenga sizoni nyingi. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza kworeka enkora em N'ahabw'ekyo, okutunguura entuura y'eitaka n'omuringo ogurikugyenda mporampora, kwonka emigasho y'okugaruraho amaizi n'okugarukamu (n'amasharuura g'ebihingirwe) neeyongyera buri mwaka. = ''2.5 Okukyebera Omutindi gw'eitaka''' = ''Enkora y'omu musiri:''Okugyezaho okurikukirayo obwangu n'okukyebera ngaro nainga ''okuhurira n'okureebeka''', omu muringo ogu omuhingi nashima eitaka rikye kuruga omu kicweka ky'ebikooko, reero arikushwijuma obunyogovu kurugirira aha kukwata n'okureebeka. Eitaka eririmu amaizi marungi, nirikora omupiira ogurimu amaizi ag'obugabe, kwonka ku rigumire, nirikora omupiira ogurimu obunyogovu bukye, kandi ku gukaba gwomire, nigugwa juba Enkora y'okucondooza eitaka erikukoresa engaro neehwera omu kwihaho eby'okukyeberwa hatariho kutaataaganisa. ''Okubaasa kukyeberwa kurungi, ''gravimetric method''' neekoresibwa: kurundaana eby'okukyeberwa, okubikyebera, okubikyeberera omu oven, n'okubiika omutindo gw'eitaka kurugirira aha bwingi. Eki nikiheereza eby'okukyeberwa ebihikire (kurabira omuri BD)'''(Morris&#26; Energy, 2006)'', kwonka nikyetenga ebyoma by'okukyebera hamwe ''Sensara hamwe n'ebyoma:'' Sensara ezirikukira kuteebwaho zirimu: * ''Tensiometers:'' Pima obushoboorozi bw'eitaka (suction) butunu. Tensiometer n'omukutu ogujuziibwemu amaizi, ogurimu akacweka k'eitaka hamwe n'ekipimo ky'obutabanguko. Nikigyenda omu maisho n'eitaka kugira ngu okushoma kwa gauge kworekye oburemeezi bw'eitaka. Tensiometers n'ez'omuhendo mukye (eza doora 50-150 buri emwe) kandi nizikora kurungi omu itaka ry'obutiti (080 cb), kwonka nizetenga okugarurwa busya ( * ''Ebikyeberwa by'obunyogovu bw'eitaka (ebikyeberwa by'amashanyarazi):' '' Ebi nibyeza amaizi agari omu eitaka kurugirira aha buremeezi bw'eitaka (capacity or TDR). Ebikyeberwa by'omutindo (okureeberaho , FDR, TDR) nibiba bihikire munonga (x3C; 1% enshobi yaaba ekyeberwa) kandi nibibaasa kukwatanisibwa aha bikyeberwa. Kwonka, nibishashurwa esente nyingi kandi nibyetenga okuteebwaho n'obwegy * ''Mita z'omungaro:'' 'Mita z'obunyogovu (analog nainga za digito) nazo ziriho. N'ez'omuhendo mukye kandi nizihereza VWC y'ahonaaho nainga oburemeezi aha nshonga. Obutuufu nibushushana, = ''OKUSHARURA AMAZI G'ENYANJA N'OKUGABIRA AMAZI AHA FARMU''' = ' Okusharuura amaizi nikushoboororwaho nk'okurundaana, okutwara, n'okubiika amaizi g'enjura g'okukoresa omu kuhinga eby'okurya (ebihingirwe by'ebyokurya, amarindiro, n'emiti), okutunga amatungo, n'okukoresa omu maka. Okushoroora, okusharuura amaizi g'enjura n'omuringo gw'okurundaana n'okutunguura omurimo gw'amaizi g'enjura n'okukyendeeza amaizi g'enjura agatarikukora. Eki nikitwariramu okurundaana amaizi g'enjura kuruga omu mwanya ogurikwetwariramu amaizi g'enjura Omu mikutu mikye, amaizi nigarundaanwa kuruga omu itaka eriri haihi n'emyanya y'obuhingi, kandi omu mikutu mikuru, amaizi amahango nigakoresibwa kurungi nainga nigaterekyerwamu okwitirira. Enjura eine enshonga ina: (1) enjura nereetaho okurundaana kw'amaizi, (2) aha bigyere by'emishozi, amaizi nigarundaana omu myanya y'ebisharara, (3) aha, amaizi agarikukira obwingi nigeeshereka kandi gabiikwa omu myanya y'ebisharara, kandi (4) bwanyima y'okwemerera, amaizi agaterekirwe nigarindwa.<blockquote>''3.1 Ebicweka by'enkora y'okureeberera amaizi g'enjura omu by'obuhingi'' Enkora yoona y'okushorooza amaizi erimu emyanya y'okushorooza amaizi (oburugo bw'amaizi), engyenderwaho y'okutwara amaizi, hamwe n'okubiika hamwe n'okukoresa. Emyanya y'okushorooza amaizi erimu emyanya y [[File:Components_of_pond_system.png|490x490px]]</blockquote>''Ekishushani 1: Ebicweka by'enkora y'okushorooza amaizi g'enjura (Maimbo et al., 2007)' = ''3.1 Emyanya y'okureeberaho hamwe n'ebishengye''' = Ekigyendererwa kya kontur Bunds and Terraces n'okukyendeeza emifuregye, okurinda obutagatsi bw'eitaka, okukyendeeza okutsinduka kw'eitaka, n'okugarura busya amaizi g'ahansi aha musiri ogurikwera. Kontur bunds hamwe na terrace systems nizikyendeeza amaizi g'aha rushozi, okugyema amaizi kuza omu bidiba n'okwejumba (Rusoke et al. , 2000). Eitaka rya Maziba eririkwera hamwe n'enjura nyingi nibirugwamu okufeerwa eitaka ry'amaani hamwe n'okugwa kw'amaizi. Nibashemereire munonga omu myanya ya Maziba erikwera kandi nibabaasa kukoresibwa omu buhingi oburikumara omwaka gumwe na gumwe. nobu haaba hariho ekyanda, eitaka eririmu amashanyarazi, nirishagika okukura kw'ebihingirwe kumara obwire bureingwa. ''Enkora hamwe n'obuhango bwa Bondo''' Bunda buriijo ziine ekicweka kya trapezoidal: obugazi bwa crest ni 0.250.3 m, obugazi bwa base ni 0.81.0 m, n'oburaingwa ni 0.30.5 m (oburengye bw'amabaare nibukye munonga) (Government of Uganda, 2016). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, ekiragiro kimwe n'oburaingwa bwa bund oburi nka 0.25 m, oburengye bwa 25 m, oburengye bw'amabaare n'oburengye bwa 1:1 (Government of Uganda, 2016). Tie ridges or beckers (small cross-bunds ~23 m long) nizibaasa kugabanya eitaka omu micro-catchments, okukyendeeza obwire bw'okutambura kw'obusingye ahagati ya bundi (Shinte&#26; Chavan, 2018a). Ebintu ebirikukoresibwa buriijo n'eitaka (oba amabaare g'amabaare). Orukarara rwa 3.1 nirugyeragyeranisa emiringo ya bondi: {| class="wikitable" !'''Bund Type''' !'''Materials''' !'''Typical Size''' !'''Cost''' !'''Notes''' |- |Earthen Contour Bund |Excavated soil (on-site) |Height 0.25–0.5 m, base 0.8–1.0 m |Low |Simple, all-labor; requires compaction; suitable slopes ≤10%. |- |Stone/rock Bund |Local stones &#x26; soil |Height 0.3–0.5 m, base ~1 m |Med |More durable, costly (materials, labor); good on steeper sites. |- |Bench Terraces |Earthen bench + cut terrace |Bench width ≥1 m, height 0.3–0.5 m |Med-High |For steeper slopes (&#x3E;10%), heavy excavation and high labour. |- |Graded (Fanya Juu) |Cut + throw downslope |As above, with the down-slope face |Low |Upslope cut, downslope bund; good for reversible field irrigation. |} ''Emisingye ya inginiya'' Emyanya y'eitaka neekora nk'eibiikiro ry'amaizi ery'akanya kakye. Ahabw'okwongyera aha muhanda gw'amaizi n'okubiika amaizi, nibongyera obwire bw'okutaaha omunda. Emyanya y'eitaka erikwetengwa kurungi neetandikaho ebyoma bikye. Omwanya oguri ahaiguru n'ahaiguru nigugyenda omu maisho: emyanya y'eitaka erikwetengwa n'emyanya mihango (1020 m), kwonka emyanya y'eitaka erikwetengwa n'emyanya y'eitaka buri mita 5 Emifuregye y'amaizi nainga emifuregye y'amaizi (emifuregye mikye erimu ebimera) neebaasa kuba neeyetengwa omumwanya mureingwa, okubaasa kutwara amaizi agarikurengaho kurungi. ''Okuronda omwanya'' Teeka aha myanya y'oburengye (210%). Yetantare emyanya y'ahansi, ahu amaizi garikubaasa kurundaana ahaiguru y'obwiire bw'eitaka; yetantare emyanya eri haihi n'emigyera y'amabaare. Toorana emyanya y'eitaka eririmu amaizi marungi (eitaka eririmu amabaare g'eitaka) hamwe n'eitaka eririkwetengwa munonga, kugira ngu okorekye kurungi. Eitaka rishemereire kuhikaana n'emitendera y'obuhangwa. ''Emitendera y'okwombeka'' (1) Reeba enyiriri z'eitaka n'omutindo gw'orunyiriri. (2) Sima ekinnya kitari ky'amaani ekya V- nainga U-nk'omutindo gw'orunyiriri; teeka ahansi erikwetoroora ahari zero. (3) Kozesa eitaka ry'okushara kukora enju y'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'oruny (6) Ku orikukoresa emifuregye, shaba ebiina bikye (80 × 80 × 40 cm) aha nsharo z'eitaka, kandi okozese eitaka eryo kukora emifuregye. ''Okutereeza'' Kyebera ebibanda bwanyima y'enjura nyingi. Yihaho nainga otereeza emyanya yoona erikuba eri ahaiguru ahonaaho; ogarukye otereeza emyanya yoona ei amatungo garikutamburira. Buri mwaka (nk'eky'okureeberaho, omu bwire bw'enjura, etakatandikire), yihaho ebicweka ebirikwetengwa. Kyebera emyanya y'okwihaho amaizi (ku haraabe hariho) kandi oyiheho omucuucu. Ebihingirwe bishemereire kukorwaho: obumwe omwata ni burungi kurinda eitaka, kwonka omwata nainga emiti mingi aha bibanda nibibaasa kurugwamu emifuregye ''Enshohoza/omugasho''' Okukoresa amabaare, nikitwara esente nkye. Okukoresa amabaare (okukoresa engaro) nikitwara esente nkye, okwihaho abakozi, kwonka ebyoma nainga amabaare nibitwara esente nyingi. Okukoresa amabaare nikitwara esente nkye (510% aha nshohoza y'okubanza. Omugasho gurimu okweyongyera kw'ebihingirwe (Embuto/oburo n'ebirara) hamwe n'okukyendeeza munonga oku ''Obugabe n'Enyamaishwa:''Rinda abantu hamwe n'amatungo kuruga ahansi y'ebibanda hamwe n'emyanya y'okwihaho amaizi, ahabw'okuba okugwa kw'ebigyere n'ebigyere nikubaasa kuhenda ekirikuzibira (Stephens, 2010). Okukinga nikubaasa kurinda ebibanda. Kureetaho emyanya y'okwihaho ama ''Eby'obuhangwa nibikwata aha buhangwa bw'ensi:'''Ebitongore ebirikujunanizibwa aha buhangwa nibikuuma eitaka kandi bikyendeeza amabaare omu migyera, birinda ebisharara hamwe n'emigyera. Nibihindura kakye omu nkoresa y'amaizi, ekirikubaasa kuba eky'omugasho, amaizi garikweyongyera ku garikweyongyera. Oyetantare ''Ebirikworeka okurondooza:'' Bwanyima y'okutandikaho, korondoora emihendo y'eitaka erikuhwerekyerera ahansi, obunyogovu bw'eitaka omu myanya erikuzingirwe, amaani g'ebihingirwe/amasharuura ahagati y'eitaka, hamwe n'okukyendera kw'eitaka. Rondoora oburungi bw = ''3.2 Micro-Catchments, Trenches&#x26; Negarims''' = Teeka amaizi agarikuruga omu maizi omu bibanda bikye, okureetaho emiti, ebisaka, nainga ebihingirwe omu myanya y'ekyanda. Ebihingirwe bikye (nk'eky'okureeberaho, ebisharara bya Negarim, V-trenches, semi-circular pits) nibikwata enjura kuruga omu mwanya oguri haihi, omu bisharara hamwe n'ebisharara, ekirikureetaho okutaahirira omu mizi (Government of Uganda, ''Obukuru bw'omukyanga'' Omu myanya ya Maziba ey'emishozi, amaizi makye (nk'eya Negarim) nigabaasa kucungura emiti emito nainga emiti y'omuhendo gw'ahaiguru kuruga omu bwire bw'ekyanda kurabira omu myanya yaabo. Ahabw'embeera y'obwire eya Maziba eya ~18 °C hamwe n'enjura y'emirundi ebiri (Saturday et al. , 2025), ebisharara ebi nibibaasa kubiika buri kintu kyona ekirikubaasika ''Emitwarize n'entekateka'' Ebishushani ebirikukira kukoresibwa harimu (a) ''Negarim (ebishengye bya dayimanda):'' 'ebishengye by'ekika kya dayimanda (~1050 m2) n'ekinnya kikye ky'okutaaha omunda (~2040 cm) aha kashonda kakye (Government of Uganda, 2016). ''Ebikondo by'ebishengye' ~0. 250. 4 m oburengye (<0. 25 m, emishororongo ~1:1) nibitwara amaizi. (b) ''Semi-circular or V-shaped basins:'' 'ebishengye ebirikwingura ebirikurengaho 4m deep) nizibaasa kusimbwa aha konturuti buri 210m, n'ebinnya bikye by'okubyara emiti (Government of Uganda, 2016). Orukarara rwa 3.3 nirugyeragyeranisa emiringo y'okukwata amaizi makye (Government of Uganda, 2016): {| class="wikitable" !Type !Catchment area !Pit size !Bund height !Slope limit !Cost !Use |- |Negarim (diamond) |10–100 m² per basin |20–40 cm deep |≥25–40 cm (bund) |up to ~5% |Low–Med |Fruit trees, fodder shrubs on dry land. |- |V/Semi-circular basin |5–50 m² (per unit) |20–40 cm deep |≥25 cm |≤5% |Low |Individual trees; small homestead pits. |- |Diamond (closed) |as above |20–40 cm |≥25 cm |≤5% |Low |More storage, small blocks of trees. |- |Contour trenches |strips between bunds |30–60 cm (deep) |Bund as needed (tie ridges) |≤15% |Low |Drainage across fields, crops on either side. |} ''Emisingye ya inginiya:'''Enkora ezi zoona nizigyenderera 'okusharuura' amaizi agarikuruga omu itaka kurabira omu kwongyera omwanya ogurikukwatagana (ebisharara ebirikwetoroora) hamwe n'okutuubya omutindo gw'amaizi. Amaizi agabiikirwe nigatemba omu mizi y'omu itaka. Ahabw'okugira ngu enjura ya Maziba neebaasa kuba nyingi, ebisharara/ebisharara bishemereire kukora aha maizi agarikuruga omu itaka agarikumara obwire bukye (ebiteekateeko by'eihunga ry'edakiika 510). ''Okuronda omwanya'' Toorana eitaka eririkwetoroora mporampora (&#x3C;58%) kwonka ritari rya buringaniza. Obuziba bw'eitaka bushemereire kuba oburikwingana mita 1.5 (emirandira neeyetenga). Yetantare oburikwetoroora amaizi aheeru y'ekishengye. Aha mwanya ogurikwetoroora munonga, kozesa V-catchments (ekirikwetoroora aha mbaju). Aha buri micro-catchment, reeba ngu hariho ekishengye kikye ekirikwetoroora ''Emitendera y'okwombeka:'' (1) Siimura ebimera aha mwanya ogurikwetorwamu amaizi. (2) Kozesa enyiriri kuragurira enyiriri. (3) Sima eitaka ry'ebikondo n'ebikondo omuri buri kicweka: sima ekikondo ahakona y'ekishengye, oyongyere eitaka kukora ebikondo okwetorora enyiriri, okwetorora kurungi. (4) Siimura ebikondo nk'oku orikwenda (~0. 250. 4 m) n'obugazi bwa haiguru oburikwingana na 0. 25 m. Siba ekinnya, kandi osigeho orwezo waaba oriho. (6) Aha minzaano mihango, teeka enyiriri z'omurongo gumwe hamwe n'obucweeka bw'omurongo ogurikukurataho. Oyongyereho orwezo rw'okushara ahaiguru y'orwezo, kyaba nikyetengyesa. ''Okugarura busya:'' Kyebera ebiina/ebikungu kare omu bwire bw'enjura. Bwanyima y'enjura y'amaani, kebera ebirikubaasa kuhenda ebiragyiro: garura busya ebiragyiro ahonaaho obwo orikwombeka ekituga n'okubiika. Yiihaho ebisharara ebiijwire ekituga (kuuma oburengye bw'ekituga). Rwanisa omwata nainga ebihingirwe okwetorora ekituga. Enkora y'eitaka erikwesherekwa eririkwiguraho neeyetenga okureebererwa kukye kukira amaizi agahikire, kwonka amaizi makye nigagasirwa omu kuboneza buri mwaka hamwe n'okutambura kw'eitaka kukagaruraho omuringo gw'okubanza. ''Okwerinda n'amatungo:''Rinda emisiri mikye kuruga omu nyamaishwa (okuteera ebikomera, abarinzi b'emiti). Aha bisharara ebihango, kwetantara kureka amatungo gatamburira omu biina nainga okwiruka aha bisharara. Ebikwato by'okwiirira ebiteirweho ebikomera, bishemereire kukoresibwa omu mwanya gw'okureka ente = ''3.3 Ebidiba bya faamu hamwe n'ebidiba bikye''' = Ekigyendererwa ky'ebidiba bya faamu hamwe n'ebidiba bikye n'okukwata amaizi maingi g'amaizi g'omu faamu, okwitirira, okuriisa amatungo n'ebyenyanja. Ebidiba bya faamu (ebidiba ebirikwombekwa nainga ebidiba by'eitaka) nibibiika amaizi omu bwire bw'ekyanda. Nibishemeza ''Eky'omugasho omu byaro:''' Omu byaro bya Maziba, ebidiba bikye nibibaasa kuheereza amaizi kurabira omu bwire bw'ekyanda obu emigyera erikuhweera. Ebidiba nibibaasa kukwata ebisharara kuruga omu misiri kandi bikakora nk'oburugo bw'amaizi g'ebyenyanja nainga amatungo. Ahabw'enjura ya mm 1000 buri mwaka, ekidiba ekiteirwe kurungi niki ''Emitwarize n'ebiragiro by'okukora'' Emiringo eshatu eya buriijo (1) Ekidiba ky'amaizi: Ekirikwombekwa ahansi y'eitaka. (2) Ekidiba ky'amaizi: Okwombeka ekidiba ky'eitaka omu kicweka ky'eitaka. (3) Ekidiba ky'amaizi: Ekidiba ky'amaizi ekirikwombekwa omu mbaju (nk'ekidiba ky'amaizi; kitari kya buriijo). Ekidiba ky'amaizi nikyo kirikukirayo oburungi buri mita. ''Ebicweka ebikuru eby'okukora'' Ebintu ebikuru ebirikwetengwa kukora dizayini birimu: # ''Obushoboorozi n'obuzito:''Reeba ngu omuhendo niguhikaana n'ebyetengo by'okwitirira/amatungo. Aha bihingwa ebirikubaho obwire buraingwa nainga ebyenyanja, rinda obuziba bw'amaizi oburikwingana n'ebicweka bina (1.2 m) omu bidiba ebirikukira obwingi. Obuziba obutarikukira obwingi bwa 1-1.5 m aha daamu ya freebord; obuziba oburikw # ''Dam/Embankment:''Hight = normal water depth + freeboard (security; typically, +0. 5 m). Waaba nookora daamu (embankment pond), emishororongo y'aha rubaju neekira kuba 2:1 (horizontal: vertical) nainga erikwetoroora ahabw'obutebekana. Oburaingwa bwa Crest ~0. 81. 0 m okuhikaho. Ekikondo ky'amaani (emishororongo y'eibumba etarikurabwamu) nikihaburwa # ''Inlet/Catchment:''Ziiha ahu amaizi g'obuhangwa garikubaasa kutwarwa omu payipu. Otakombeka aha migyera mihango etarikuhwaho okwihaho orusa rw'ekitongore (okuzibira okushandara kw'amaizi) rwatungirwe; reberera emigyera mikye nainga emigyera etarikureebeka. Ekicweka ky' # ''Omwanya gw'okucwekyereza amaizi:''Gushemereire kutwara kurungi amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g' Nk'ekiragiro, kora emihanda y'okwihaho amaizi erikubaasa kurabira omu muyaga ogurikukira kubaho (110 years return) hatariho kusisikara (United States Natural Resources Conservation, 1981). # ''Liner:''Ahaitaka eririkwetengwa kurungi (esande/amabaare maingi), rambura ahansi y'ekidiba okukyendeeza okujanjaara kw'amaizi. Eby'okureeberaho: eibumba eririkwetengwa (ery'esente nkye munonga, niribaasa kushatuka ku rikwoma), ebaruha y'obuveera erikuremeera (eya geomembrane, ey'omuhendo gw'ahaiguru/ey'oburungi bukye), nainga simenti (ey'ebihorooni). {| class="wikitable" !'''Spillway Type''' !'''Materials''' !'''Capacity''' !'''Slope''' !'''Cost''' !'''Notes''' |- |Earth/grass chute |Compacted soil + grass |Moderate (10-yr flood) |≤10% |Low |Needs wide channel; easy, erosion risk if vegetation fails (United States Natural Resources Conservation, 1981) |- |Concrete drop-inlet |Concrete weir + pipe |High (safe for large storms) |Vertical drop + riser |High |Durable; can use a trash rack to keep out debris; requires engineering. |- |Pipe spillway |HDPE or steel pipe |Moderate |N/A (buried) |Med |Handles small flows; must ensure anti-seep collars and trash racks. |} (Ekishushani 3.1 nikyoreka ekicweka ky'ekidiba ekiri aha rubaju rw'enyanja.) ''Okuronda omwanya:''Ronda omwanya ogurimu oburemeezi bw'obuhangwa nainga ekicweka kikye. Omwanya gw'ahansi gushemereire kuba gutarikutamburira (kyebera okutaahirira nainga kusima ebituga by'okugezesa). Yetantare emyanya erikutemba munonga (&#x3C;4:1 sides). Ku haakuba hatariho omwanya gw&#x3C;ebidiba by&#x3C;obuhangwa, ebidiba ebirikwombekwa ahaitaka ry&#x3C;. Omwanya tigushemereire kwijuza ebisharara ebiriho nainga kutwara emifuregye y'amaizi (okurinda okufuruka kw'ebyenyanja hamwe n'obugabe bw'amaizi). ''Emitendera y'okwombeka (Ekiziba ky'amaizi):''''' (1) Sima ekinnya ahagati y'ekidiba kuhisya ahakitebe ekitarikutamburira amaizi, ojwize enyima n'ekidiba ky'eibumba. (2) Yombeka ekidiba obwo orikuta eitaka omu bitafaari, orikwombeka buri kitafaari. (3) Shope dam slopes (2:1 or flatter) and crest width ~0.81 m. (4) Yombeka omuhanda gw'okwihaho amaizi. (5) Hendera enshonda z'eitaka, osimbe obunyasi, okuzibira okutsinduka kw'eitaka. (6) Jjuza ekidiba (enjura/okushandara kw'amaizi nainga omugyera oguhindukire). Aha ''ebidiba ebirikwombekwa'''' (tihaine daamu): Sima okuhika aha buziba oburikugyenda omu maisho (1-1. 5 kuhisya ku 1:3 enjuyi) ahabw'okwerinda. Nobaasa kukoresa ebicweka ebirikwombekwa kwombeka ekidiba kikye eky'aheeru. Reeba ngu omukutu gw'amaizi g' ''Okugarura busya:''Bwanyima ya buri njura, kyondooza daamu, omwanya ogurikutwarwamu amaizi, hamwe n'emyanya y'okunywamu amaizi. Ogarureho emyanya y'okunywamu amaizi ahonaaho (garuraho eitaka). Ogarureho emyanya y'okunywamu amaizi. Obwire n'obwire (nk'eky'okureeberaho , buri mwaka), kyondooza ebituuro by'enyamaishwa nainga ebimera ebirikutaaha omu daamu (eby'akabi) kandi oihemu emizi. Eby'okurya byaba biine oburugo, kyombeka ekidiba ky'okunywa, okuzibira ok 5 neeyoreka eky'okureeberaho kya karenda y'okugarura busya. ''Ebyokwerinda n'Eby'amahamba:''Hinga omwanya, okurinda enyamaishwa n'abaana okuruga aha rubaju rwa daamu hamwe n'emyanya y'amabaare.Hingaho omwanya gw'okwihirira amaizi g'enyamaishwa (nk'okureeberaho, okwihirira n'ebikondo bya siminti) omu mwanya gw'okwikiriza enyamaishwa kuguruka omu muringo ogurikwetengwa.Omwanya gw'okwihirira gushemereire kurekyerera ahu gurikubaasa ''Eby'obuhangwa bw'ensi:'' Ebidiba nibihindura amaizi agarikuruga omu maize g'omunda omu faamu, ekirikukira obwingi nikirungi (okukyerererwa kw'amaizi g'omunda, amaizi g'omunda kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka. Kwonka, ebidiba nibibaasa kukyendeeza amaizi agarikuruga omu maize g'omunda; abateekateeki bashemereire kutereeza okubiika hamwe n'okurinda amaizi g'omunda. ''Ebirikworeka okurondoora:''Rondoora omutindo gw'amaizi hamwe n'okukoresa. Ebirikworeka ebikuru ni: okukoresa emihanda y'okwihaho amaizi (oburengye), omuhendo gw'amaizi (shemereire kukyendeeza ahanyima y'okushutama), hamwe n'omuhendo gw'okwongyera kw'ebisharara (ekipimirwe okurugiirira aha kuhwaho kw'amaizi). Kwonka pima okugaruka kwejumba n'okukoresa: ekidiba ekikozirwe kurungi = ''3.4 Enshonga ezirikukwata aha buhangwa bw'ensi, ebyokwerinda, hamwe n'ebisharara''' = Ekigyendererwa n'okureeba ngu ebyombeko byona tibirikubi (kandi nibirungi) eby'obuhangwa bya Maziba (ebisharara, emigyera) hamwe n'amagara g'abantu. ''Eby'omutaano omu byaro:''Ekicweka kya Maziba kirimu ebisharara hamwe n'emigyera y'amaani aha bantu hamwe n'enyamaishwa. Okuteekateekyera kurungi kushemereire kuzibira okushenyuka kw'amaizi n'okusiisikara kw'amaizi aga. Kandi, n'enjura nyingi hamwe n'eitaka ry'amaani, okuremwa kw'omurundi ''Wetland/Hydrology Principles:'' Okugumizamu n'emirimo y'obuhangwa y'amaizi: buffer strips (obunyasi nainga ebimera by'obuhangwa) zishemereire kuba aha nsharo z'ebisharara hamwe n'emyanya y'okwihiramu amaizi okurabamu ebiriisa hamwe n'ebisharara (Stephens, 2010b). Oyetantare okwiha amaizi kuruga omu bisharara ebirikwetengwa. Kozesa ebyombeko by'okwihiramu (bunds/trenches) kugarura busya amaizi, omu mwanya gw'okwiha amaizi omu bisharara. ''Okwerinda&#x26; Okwerinda amatungo:' # ''Okusimba orugo n'okuhika aha bintu:''Rinda enyanja ezirikwera, emyanya y'okwihaho amaizi, hamwe n'okusiba ebikondo nainga okubyara okurinda abantu n'ebintu byabo. Amaziba nainga # ''Obumanyiso bw'okurabura:'' Ku haraabe hariho ebidiba ebirikuhingura mita emwe omu maizi, teekaho obupande n'emidaara. Ebyombeko ebikozirwe abantu bishemereire kuba bita # ''Emiti/Hedges:'' Otabyara emiti aha mifuregye y'ebibanda nainga ahamiti y'ebibanda (emirandira neebaasa kureetaho emihanda y'okutamburira # ''Emihanda y'oburemeezi:'' Teekaho emihanda y'oburemeezi aha mwanya oguri ahaiguru kandi etarikukwata aha maka, okwetantara amaizi g'omunda ''Ebirikuteganisa eby'obuhangwa'' Ebyarugiremu nibitwariramu okweyongyera kw'amaizi n'okurinda eitaka. Ebyarugiremu nibikwatiraine n'okwombeka, kandi nibibaasa kukyendeezibwa kurabira omukukyebera eby'obuhangwa, okukoresa ebiina ebirikwetengwa kurungi (okugarura busya bwanyima y'okusima), n'okwetantara amaizi agatarikubaasa = ''3.5 Okuta omu nkora, enteekateeka y'okureeberera&#x26; Okucondooza'''' = <blockquote>''Rukarara rw'okukyebera okuta omu nkora''' Buri kitongore ky'okusharuura amaizi, reeba ngu: abantu b'omubyaro nibagura (abahingi/abantu b'omubyaro), nibatendekwa aha by'okwombeka, hamwe n'okukoresa eby'okukoresa eby'omubyaro. Kora okushwijuma eitaka kukirikubaasika ''Ebirikworeka okurondoora''' Oyihireho obubonero oburikukwata ahabyombeko ahaiguru, ebirikworeka byona birimu: omwanya ogweyongyeire ogw'okwitirirwa omu myezi y'ekyanda, amaizi g'ahansi gakye, n'okukyendera kw'ebihingirwe omu myaka y'ekyanda. Okukora okucondooza ahaby'amasharu ''Kalenda y'okureeberera''' Okugarura busya ebintu omu bwire, nikikureetera ebyoma kukora kurungi. Tabule 3.6 ahansi n'eky'okureeberaho ky'ebiro by'okugarura busya ebintu (</blockquote>[[File:Maintenance_calendar_example.png|410x410px]] ''Ekishushani:'' Eky'okureeberaho eky'obwire bw'okureeberera. Kyebera ebidiba/ebikondo bwanyima y'obwire bw'ekyanda (FebruaryMar) kandi otereeza enjura etakahikire. Kyerera amaizi g'ekidiba bwanyima = ''4. OKUHINGWA KWA CONTURE N'OKURWANYIZA OKUSHANGA EITIIKA''' = = ''4.1 Enkora y'obuhingi n'oburiisa (Okuhinga n'okuriisa omu myanya)''' = Okuhinga okw'omutaano nikimanyisa okubyara nainga okuhinga 'ahanima y'emitendera' (contours) aha rushozi (Friday, 1999). Contours n'emitendera y'ahaiguru etarikugyenda ahaiguru nainga ahansi y'orushozi. Ebihingirwe nainga ebirikuzibira kasasiro (hedges, grass strips, piles) nibiteebwaho 'ahanima y'emitendera'. Bwanyima y'obwire, eki nikyombeka omwanya mukye (wash-out or front terrace) oguri ahaiguru y'ekintu kyona ekirikuzibira, ekirikworeka oburengye burungi n'okukyendeeza okugwa kw'eitaka. Ebihingirwe by'omunda (okuhinga, okubyara, n'okushara ahaiguru y'eitaka) nibyongyera kuremesa emihanda y'okutamburira. ''Key effect:'' nikyendeeza ''Ebikwatiraine n'ebyaro: ''Abahingi ba Maziba' nibahinga ebihingirwe (ebicoori, ebihimba, ebitookye, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n' ''Obuhabuzi bw'emishororongo:''Okuhinga kw'emishororongo nikuragiirwa aha myanya y'emishororongo. Emishororongo (&#x3C;35%), tikirikwetengyesa kuhingwa, kandi emishororongo (&#x3E;2030%) neebaasa kwetenga enkora y'amaani ''Design and Spacing:'' Teekaho enyiriri n'ebikwato byorobi (Friday, 1999). Ebirikuzibira nibiteebwaho omu bwire butari bwa buriijo. Ekiragiro ky'okubanza n'ekya '''23 m vertical drop''''' ahagati y'ebibanda. Ahamugongo gwa 20%, 2 m vertical nikishushana na 10 m horizontale. Emyanya ehango (48 m vertical) ekyayamba, kwonka haihi (23 m) niyo erikukirayo kukora gye (Friday, 1999). E.g., omusiri gwa 15% nigubaasa kuba n'ebirikuzibira enyiriri ~1013 m. 0 m obugazi) obw'obuhangwa burikugumaho aharurengo (Orwakataano, 1999). ''Emitwarize y'oburemeezi:' # Ebihingirwe eby'obuhangwa (NVS): Reka 0.5-1.0m zitakozirwe aha nshonda (Orwakataano, 1999). Ebihingirwe/Imperata nibikura juba, bikora ebicweka by'okucondooza (emitwarize y'ebisasiro) ebirikukwata ebisharara (Orwakataano, 1999). Ebishare/abakozi bakye; tibarikwetengwa kubyara. Nibitwara eitaka (okufeerwa # Enguuto z'omwata: Biika omwata ogurikwera munonga (Napier, Vetiver, guinea grass) omu kicweka. Kumara emyaka 12 egi, nizikora emiti y'obutwire # Cut Trash Lines: Heap rice stalks, maize stover, or brush along contour (0. 51 m width) as a temporary wash-stop. Pin small stakes in place. (Enikora kurungi omu misiri erikwetengwa munonga. ''Okutereeza'' Okurinda enyiriri z'ebihingwa. Bwanyima y'okuhinga n'okusharuura, reboona ebipande: okugarura busya ebiina, okwihaho omwata, ogarukye okwihaho kasasiro ku ogarugyemu. Aha nkora y'ebihingwa, ogarukye ebiina, okuzibira amaizi kuruga aha rubaju rw'ebihingwa. Ebihingwa bishemereire kusharwa buri mwaka (okukira munonga ahanyima y'enjura) okureeba ngu biruga omu mifuregye kandi bikoresa eby'obuhangwa. ''Ebirikworeka okurondoora''' Okukyerererwa kw'eitaka kushemereire kukyeberwa kurugiirira aha mihanda y'oburyo. Teekaho akacweka kakye k'amaizi/okukyerererwa kw'eitaka (nk'eky'okureeberaho, 2x10 m) karimu tanka y'okushorooza amaizi n'oburemeezi bw'eitaka ahanyima y'enjura nyingi. Kozesa emitego y'eitaka nainga akakiiko k'okukyebera enyima y'akacweka k'eitaka. Wandiika obucweeka bw'eitaka n'obwingi bw'ebimera aha mifuregye. Eby'okureeberaho ebikuru: okugwa kw'eitaka (t/ha/yr), obuziba bw'amaizi (% y'enjura), okusharamu kw'omutwe gw'eitaka, hamwe n'omuhendo gw'obuhangwa. Enkora: okupima ahanyima y'omuyaga gw'amaani bukiri kare, bwanyima y'okusharuura buri kwezi nainga bwanyima y'okusharuura. Akatabo k'okureeba omutindo gw'amaizi omu mifuregye nainga emitego. = ''4.2 Okuronda <span class="mark">(Okukora eitaka hamwe n'okushutama aha ntebe)</span>''' = Ebishengye n'ebyombeko ebirikurinda eitaka ebyombekirwe aha nshonda y'eitaka, okukyendeeza ahanguuto z'amaizi, okurwanisa okushenyuka kw'eitaka, n'okureeba ngu amaizi garuga omu itaka eririkwetoroora. Bigaita emyanya emihango omu bicweka bikye, ekirikutuma amaizi garekyera aho kushenyuka. Ebishengye nibikoresibwa mun ''Emitwarize ya teraasi erikukirayo ni::' # ''Fanya-Chinese Terraces:''Fanya-chini (throw soil downwards) terraces nizombekwa barikwombeka ekituga omu mwanya gw'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka. # ''Fanya-Juu Terraces:'''Fanya-juu (throw soil upwards) terraces nizikorwa obwo orikwombeka ekidiba n'okusuula eitaka eryasimbirwe aha rushozi okureetaho orushozi. Orushozi nirukwata eitaka eririkutamburira ahansi, mporampora nirikuza omu mwanya ogurikwetengwa. Zirikukira kukoresibwa aha rushozi or # ''Bench terraces (Stone or Earth):''' Bench terraces n'ebishaayi ebirikugyenda omu maisho aha rushozi. Nibikira kwombekwa aha rushozi rw'amabaare, kandi bigumizemu n'ebisenge by'amabaare. Omu myanya y'enshozi nk'ebyaro bya Uganda, abahingi nibakira kwombeka emyanya mikye y'amabaare, kugira ngu babaase kuhinga aha mwanya gw'amabaare. ''Enkora''' Buri teresi nekyendeeza oburaingwa bw'orutindo, n'ahabw'ekyo amaizi kuruga ahaiguru nigajanjaara omu mwanya ogurikwetoroora. Orutindo/oburugo nibukyendeeza amaizi, ekirikureeta okutaaha. Teresi nizikwata eitaka aha rubaju rw'orutindo rw'ahaiguru kandi zikizibira okugwa. Enguuto z'amaizi ezirikwetoroora kurungi (emikutu mikye nainga emyanya y'ahansi) nizitwara amaizi agarikurenga ahagati y'orutindo. ''Ebitongore by'omugongo hamwe n'emyanya''' Ebishengye nibikoresibwa aha bisharara ebirikwingana nka 1510% (817°), nobu haraabe hariho enkora ehindwirwe (ebisharara ebitarikwetegyerezibwa) ebirikubaasa kutandika ahari ~510%. Aha bisharara ebirikwetegyerezibwa (510%), ekishengye kimwe ekyahansi nikimara, kwonka aha bisharara ebirikwingana 20%, ebishengye ebirikwetegyerezibwa 12 m drop (vertical {| class="wikitable" !Land slope (%) !Vertical Interval (m) !Horizontal Interval (m) !Trench width (m) !Trench depth (m) |- |5 |1.00 |20 |0.50 |0.25 |- |10 |1.35 |14 |0.50 |0.30 |- |15 |1.73 |12 |0.50 |0.35 |- |20 |1.80 |9 |0.50 |0.40 |} (Oburugo: Thomas 1997, nk'oku kyagambirwe omu Ugandan extension (Rusoke et al., 2000) ''Okukora n'okwombeka:' # ''Ebitebekanisibwe:'' Shoborora okugwa kw'omutindo okurikwenda (nk'okureeberaho, 12 m). Aha mutindo gwa 12%, oguri ~1217 m omubwiire (reeba emmeeza). # ''Dig trench:'' Okukoresa ekyoma nainga ekikondo,sima ekinnya kitari ky'amaani kurugirira aha nshonda (ahansi ekirikwetoroora). Aha fanya-juu,kozesa ekiina ky'omu mifuregye kukora ekiina ky # ''Embankment:'' Koora orutindo orurikugyenda omu maisho (embankment) orurikugyenda omu maisho n'omugyera, orikugyenda mporampora (omu maisho 1:1 kuhika ahansi) okukwata amaizi. Aha ntebe z # ''Emyanya y'okwihiramu amaizi:'' Buri mwanya mukye (nainga ahamuheru),sima omwanya mukye (ogurimu obunyasi) okureka amaizi agarikurengaho okurugaho gatarikuhika aha rubaju. Emyanya y'okwihiriramu amaizi eyahansi (okureeberaho, ahamwanya gwa mita 101 # ''Okutebekanisa:''Obwire butari bwa hare,byara ekikondo kya buri mbeho (omu maisho) n'obunyasi nainga emigaati ya Napier kugikwata. Aha myanya y'okushutama,obunyasi bwa Napier ahamwanya gwa mita em ''Okugarura busya:'' Kyebera bwanyima y'eihunga. Yihaho enjatika n'okugarura busya ebicweka ebirikucwekyerezibwa. Yihaho oburengye oburikworekyerera oburikworekyerera oburikworekyerera oburikworekyerera oburikworekyerera oburikwor ''Cost/Benefit:'' Kikaba nikitwariramu abakozi baingi kandi nikitwara esente nyingi omu kutandika. Ebishengye by'aha ntebe nibibaasa kutwara abantu 50-100 buri hekita. Kwonka, nibihayo emigasho mingi: okufeerwa eitaka nikubaasa kukyendeera n'obucweka 83% kandi amasharuura nigabuuka munonga aha misiri eyabaire etungirwe. (Nk'eky'okureeberaho, fanya-ju aine ekidiba kya sentimita 30 ekyarugiremu amasharuura g'ebicoori 49 ''Okwetegyerezibwa:'' Okukoresa ebipangisa nikikora kurungi ahamwanya oguri ahagati kuhika ahamwanya oguri ahaiguru (1030%) ahu enkora y'omurembe etarikumara. Ahamwanya oguri ahaiguru (&#x3C;10%) nikikira kuba kitarikwetengwa (nobu haraabe hariho ''Eky'okugarukamu ky'akabi ahari Gullies:'' Teresi zishemereire kukwatanisibwa n'oburyo bw'okuzibira okushara omutwe. Teresi ku erikutandika kushatuka omu mwaro, kwombeka akabibo kakye k'amabaare nainga ebikondo aha mwanya ogwo (reeba ekicweka 4.4). Buriijo teekamu emifuregye erikusharamu amaizi kuruga aha teresi ezitar = ''4.3 Ebizibira eby'obuhangwa (Napier, Vetiver, Hedges)''' = Ebihingwa ebirikuzibira n'emiringo y'obunyasi, ebisaka, nainga emiti eyateirwe omu mwanya ogurikwetengwa. Obunyasi bwa Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) hamwe na Vetivre (Chrysopogon zizanides) nibukira kureebeka. Ebikondo byabyo ebigumire hamwe n'ebikooko byabyo eby'omunda nibikora ebikondo by'okureeberaho. Obunyasi ku burikuhika aha kishaka kya kiragala, nibujanjaara kandi bukyendera; ebisharara nibirugaho, kandi ebikooko nibisiba eitaka (Truong et al. , 2008). 5m. Zombi niziruga omu musiri ogurikwetwa organic mulch (cuttings) ogurikutunguura obugimu. ''Abavugi b'omubyaro:''Abahingi nibetenga ebyokurya by'enyamaishwa hamwe n'okurwanisa okushenyuka kw'omutindo. Napier yaaherize kuhinga ebyokurya by'enyamaishwa; okugigaita omu bishengye nikikora emirimo ebiri. Vetiver (omu byaro erikwetwa Pratu omu bicweka bya Uganda) neetunguurwa ahabw ''Dizayini hamwe n'obufuregye:''Ebihingirwe by'ebihingirwe aha nshonda, birimu ebihingirwe aha rubaju rumwe na rumwe. Eky'okureeberaho: rekaho ekicweka kya mita 0.5-1.0 kandi ebihingirwe byetorokane mita 0.5-1.0 omu runyiriri (kukora ekizibiti ky'amaani). Ebiragiro by'okwongyeraho nibyoreka ngu buri runyiriri ruratana mita 0.1 ahaitaka eririkucwekyerezibwa (kandi n'okuhika mita 1.5-2.0 ahaitaka eririkwetengwa) (Truong et al. , 2008). 5 m apart, rows separated by 23 m. Ekikuru n'okukora ekisiika ekirikubaho ekitarikushatuka. Ebika by'omuddo ebirikukira: Pennisetum purpureum (Napier), panicum maximum (guinea grass), hamwe n'ebindi. ''Okwombeka:'' Funa ebikookye ebirikubaasa kukora gye. Biba aha kutandika kw'enjura. Okweyongyera, shindika ebikookye ebirikwingana sentimita 510 omu eitaka (tihaine eitaka ery'ahaiguru eririkwetengwa) omu runyiriri. Aha Napier, ebikookye nibisereberera omu mifuregye nainga ebituga. Okubyara juba okwetoroora ebisiika n'eky'omugasho. ''Okutereeza:''Tema buri myezi 36 (nainga bwanyima y'okusharuura) okuzibira okushereka ebihingirwe ebirikwetorwaire hamwe n'okukoresa nk'ebihingirwe/eby'okurya. Okurinda omwanya ogutarimu obunyasi (ekicweeka kikye) okureeta amaizi agarikurengaho kurungi. Garuka os ''Okwetegyerezibwa:''Ebihome ebirikuba biine amagara nibikora haihi aha mwanya gwona ogurikuza kuhika ahari 30%, omuitaka ryona (nobu ryaba riri ery'amabaare makye). Tibirikukoresibwa munonga aha mwanya gw'amabaare g'amabaare (emiti niyo erikukirayo oburungi. Napier neeyetenga obunyogovu n'obutungi bw'eitaka; nikigumisiriza eitaka ''Monitoring Indicators:'' Kyebera kureeba ngu enyiriri z'ekibira zikiriho (tizirikushatuka). Pima oburaingwa nainga obucweeka bw'omwata (target closed canopy). Okweyongyera kw'obutafaari obwakwatsirwe omu maisho g'ekibira (okukoresa emitego y'obutafaari) nikyoreka ngu nibukora. Kyebera okubaho (% plants alive) n'okubara kurungi buri mita y'ekibira. = ''4.4 Check-Dams and Gully Stabilization''' = Check-dams n'oburemeezi bukye oburikwombekwa kurabira omu mikutu nainga emifuregye okukyendeeza amaizi n'okukwata ebisharara (obumwe omu runyiriri). Nibukyendeeza obwire bw'okuguruka hamwe n'amaani g'okushwekyerera, ekirikureetera amaizi okushwekyerera mporampora (Desta&#26; Adunga, 2012). Ebika ebirikukira kubaho: amabaare/amabaare g'amabaare, gabions (emboga z'amabaare eziijwire amabaare), sandbag dams, ''Okukoresa:'' Check-dams nizikoresibwa omu mifuregye hamwe n'emigyera eriho. Aha mifuregye etakaatandikire, kozesa ebintu eby'akanya kakye (brush nainga sandbags). Aha mifuregye mihango, kw'ombeka amabaare agaatarikuhwaho nainga gabion dams. Buriijo otaandike okugumya ''Ebiragiro by'okukora: ''Ekizibiti ky'okukyebera nikikira kuba kiine omwanya ogurikwetwa 0.30.5m kandi nikikora nk'omuringo gwa trapezoidal. Oburaingwa bw'ekizibiti nikikira kuba ~0.51.5m kurugirira aha buhango bw'omugyera. Omwanya gw'ekizibiti gushemereire kuba 1.52x oburaingwa bwakyo, kugira ngu kigume gitegyekye. Teeka ebizibiti omu myanya, kugira ngu omwanya gw'ekicweka kimwe gube ogurikwingana n'omwanya gw'ekindi ekirikukurataho (eki nikire daamu y'oburaingwa bwa mita 5 neebaasa kuba eri mita 12 ahaiguru y'omugyera ogurikukurataho (Desta 26; Adunga, 2012). * Eibikiro ry'amabaare eririkusharurwa: Teeka amabaare ahaiguru y'omugyera, ogaasibire hamwe. Jjuza ebituga n'eitaka. Reeba ngu * Gabion dam: Ebikyebe by'amabaare (~1 ×0. 5 ×0. 5 m) ebijwire amabaare, bikateerwa ahaiguru erikwetengwa. Bita ekibbo ekiri ahansi omu mwanya gw'omugyera kuzibira okutema. Gabions nizibaasa kurundaanwa bwanyima nk'oku ebisharara birikwegaita (D * Sandbag/Bamboo dam: enshaho za kilo 50 eziijwire eitaka (oba bamboo mats) eziteirwe omu mitendera (34 layers) nizikora daamu y'esente nkye (Desta&#x26; Adunga, * Brushwood dam: Ebikondo/ebikondo okurabira omu mikutu n'ebikondo. Nikwata ebisharara birungi (Desta&#x26; Adunga, 2012). Okukyerererwa (okuvunda omuri ~1 year) kukoresa okuk ''Okugarura busya:'' Kyebera ahanyima y'enjura y'amaani y'okubanza. Yihaho omusita ogukwasirwe enyima y'ebibinja by'amaizi ku guraabe gwahika aha rurengo rw'ekikondo (okureeba ngu haabaho amaizi). Jjuza amaizi goona agarikuruga omu maizi nainga ag ''Cost/Benefit:'' Amabiira g'amabaare hamwe n'aga gabion nigatwara obwire buraingwa (emyaka 10+) kwonka nigatwara abakozi n'ebikozesebwa (okutwara amabaare, okwombeka ebitebe). Amabiira g'omusheenyi hamwe n'ag'ebikondo n'ag'ebbeeyi y'ahansi (ebintu ebiriho omwihanga) kwonka nigatwara obwire bukye (12 emyaka). Omu bwire bw'akabi munonga, nibikiriza eitaka ry'okuhingamu kukoresibwa ahonaaho, kwonka omu bwire bureingwa. Omugasho niguyimiriza okukura kw'ebisharara; ebisharara ebitari kw'egyendesibwa ''Emergency Gully Response:''' Ku ogire ngu omuzinga guriyo nigucwekyerezibwa munonga, okukora ahonaaho n'eky'omugasho. Eky'okubanza, ''kyusa amaizi g'omuzinga''' kuruga omu mufuregye obwo orikusima omwanya mukye ogurikucwekyerera amaizi. Ekirikukurataho, siba omutwe gw'omuzinga: teekamu ebikondo, emiti, nainga enshaho z'omusheenyi kurabira omutwe gw'omuzinga kugukyerereza. Ahonaaho teekamu '''''obwire bukye check-dams''''' (ensha Emitunga ku erikweyongyera kukyendeera, gihindure nainga gihamye n'amabaare nainga ebibondo. Ebisharara by'ebihingirwe: byara emiti nainga ebitookye haihi n'emigongo y'ebihingirwe, kugira ngu okorese eitaka. Okukora mporampora kuruga ahaiguru kuza ahansi: buri kihome nikikyendeeza amaani, ekirikwikiriza ekicweka ekindi ekiri ahansi y'ebihingirwe kukorwa. ''Okwetegyerezibwa:'' Amabaare/ebikondo nibirungi omu myanya mihango nainga ey'obutwire, okukira munonga omu byondo nainga amabaare gagumire. Sandbag/brush dam nibirungi omu myanya mikye nainga emito ahaitaka rigumire. Boona nibetenga abakozi, kw ''Monitoring Indicators:'' Bwanyima y'okutaho enkora, rondooza yaaba ekituga kigumire. Indicators: eitaka niryombeka enyima y'ebibinja (ebirikubaasa kugyeragyeranisibwa n'enguuto), okugaziya enjuyi kurekyeera, n'ebimera bigarukamu aha rubaju. Kyebera ngu ebibinja bikiriho bwanyima ya buri njura y'amaani. Kozesa ebikondo by'okutsinduka kw'eitaka nainga ekyoma ky'okukyebera omwanya. , teeka omuggo ahamutwe gw'omugyera kandi ohandiike omwanya gwagwo ogurikworekyerera aha mushana gw'ekihome bwanyima y'eihunga. = ''4.5 Okukyebera, okugarura busya, hamwe n'ebiragiro by'akabi''' = ''Okucondooza buriijo:''Gumizamu nooshwijuma oburungi bw'okuzibira okutsinduka. Enkora enkuru: # ''Ebitongore ebirikworeka okushandara kw'eitaka:'' Teekaho akatongore kakye akarikwetengwa (nk'eky'okureeberaho, 2x5 m) aha rushozi orurikujwekyera. Pima okushandara kw'eitaka (kworundaana omu tanka erikwetengwa) hamwe n' # ''Ground Cover:'' Buri siizoni,teebereza omutindo gw'ebimera aha terraces hamwe n'ebizibira (010%). Okushereka okuri ahansi ya ~ 70% nikyoreka akabi k'okutsinduka. # ''Gully/Headcut Surveys:'' Aha bipande by'ebishushani ebirikworekwa (kozesa GPS stakes), kwata ebishushani bya digito ahaiguru n'ahansi y'ebishaayi buri mwaka kuhandiika empindahinduka. Pima oburengye bw # ''Sediment Traps:'' Teeka emitego eyombekirwe ekigyendererwa (nk'eky'okureeberaho, akabokisi ka mita 0.5 x0.5 akazikirwe kurungi, n'omwanya ogurimu ebituga) ahansi y' # ''Infiltration Tests:'' Kozesa ebyoma ebirikwetegyereza empeta (simple cut metal rings) okupima entaaniso y'oburemeezi ahagati y'emyanya erikutambirwa hamwe n ''Okukyebera okurinda:''Bwanyima ya buri kihuumura ky'amaani, rebeebera ebyombeko byona: obushomankuzi omu bishengye, oburugo obwahendekire, hamwe n'oburugo bw'okukyebera oburi ahaiguru. Jjuza obushomankuzi ahonaaho. = ''5. OBUKURUZI BW'EBYOKURYA N'OKUKWERINDA AMAIZI''' = = ''5.1 Enguuto z'eby'okurya omuri Maziba''' = Maziba n'omwanya gw'amaizi oguri ahaiguru munonga (722 km2, 1,7602,488 m) omu bisharara by'e Kigezi (Saturday et al. , 2025). Ebicweka nka 85% by'abantu b'omukyanga nibahinga eby'okurya (ebicoori, ebitookye, ebitookye n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebihingwa (Saturday et al. , 2025) , ekirikureka eitaka riri aha kabi k'okutsinduka n'okufeerwa Enjura y'amaani aha myanya y'amabaare neetuma eitaka riguruka, n'eitaka rigwa, ekirikureeta ebyokurya omu migyera hamwe n'ebisharara. # ''Surface runoff''' N (okukira munonga nitrate na ammonium) hamwe na P nizitwarwa omu maizi g'omu itaka kandi zikakwatanisa n'eitaka erikuhwerekyerera. Ebicweka nka 7083% ebya N na P ebirikuferwa omu runooga nibiza kubaho bwanyima y'obutwire bukye bw'okugyemesa (Zeng et al. , 2021). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza omu myanya y'ebihingwabya kushangire 28 kg N/ha·yr hamwe na 1.2 kg P/ha·yr ezirikuferwa kurabira omu runooga (Zeng et # ''Leaching''' nitrate erikusisika nikigyenda ahansi omu maizi g'ahansi nainga tiles drainages omu njura nyingi nainga okwitirira. Omuitaka eririmu obukooko (obw'omusheenyi nainga oburengye) hamwe n'enjura nyingi, nitrate nyingi (hamwe na ammonium ezimwe) nizibaasa kugyenda ahansi y'ebikooko. Omuhanda ogu ni mukuru munonga omu siizoni ezitarikukura (okureeberaho, ebisigaire by'ebicoori nibibaasa kureka nitrate omu nkura y'amaizi omu siizoni y'obunyogovu. # ''Volatilization''' omwika gwa amoniya (NH3) niguferwa kuruga omu urea nainga orwezo orurikukoresibwa ahaiguru omu mbeera y'obutagasi n'obuhangwa bw'ahaiguru. Hatariho kwegaita, 10-30% bwa urea-N nigubaasa kuferwa. Okuferwa kwa amoniya nikubaho kuruga omu orwezo rw'amatungo hamwe n'ebisigaire by'e # ''Okucendeeza amaizi''' ahansi y'eitaka eririmu amaizi nainga eririkuteganisibwa (ekirikukira kubaho omu bisharara nainga omu misiri y'emigabi), obukooko bw'eitaka nibuhindura nitrate omu mwuka gwa N2 nainga N2O, nibufeerwa N. Enkora egi neebaasa kutaana munonga # ''Erosion/sediment transport'''' okwihaho eitaka omu mubiri nikitwara N na P bikakwatanisa n'obutundutundu. Ahabw'okugira ngu P nyingi neekwata aha ttaka, ekicweka kihango ky'okufeerwa kwa P (~7090%) nikibaho n'ebitundutundu (Zeng et al. , 2021). Nitrogen erikukwatanisa n'ebitundutundu (organic-N, ammonium) nayo neeguzibwa ahe Ebishushani by'obwire omuri Maziba nibyoreka enkuba y'emiringo ebiri: amaizi agarikukira obwingi hamwe n'ebyokurya ebirikuruga omu itaka nibibaho omu bwire bubiri obw'obunyogovu. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza okwakozirwe obwahati, kukareetaho oburemeezi bwingi bw'ebishushushu n'ebyokurya omu bwire bw'okwakana/Ogwokutaano na Okwaikumi na kumwe (obwiire bwingi bwanyima y'okubyara). Ebishushushu omu bwire bw'ekyanda nibikye munonga, kwonka bikye munonga. [[File:Nutrient_input_and_fate_diagram.png|480x480px]] ''Ekifaananyi 1:'''Ebyokurya nibigyenda omu maisho kuruga omu musiri kuza omu bihingwa hamwe n'obuhangwa bw'ensi. Nitrogen (N) neetaha omu eitaka kuruga omu bigimusa nainga orwezo, reero neetwarwa ebihingirwe nainga neebura kurabira omu kukyendeeza amaizi. Phosphorus (P) kuruga omu bigimusa nikyo kimwe omu eitaka, ekirikusinga kutwarwa ebihingirwe nainga neebura kurabira omu bigimusa. Ebisharara hamwe n' = ''5.2 Ebirikuruga omu kufeerwa eby'okurya''' = Okukyerererwa kw'eby'okurya omuri Maziba nikushiisha eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa hamwe n'obuhangwa bw'ekyanga. Eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa birimu okukyendeera kw'obutungi bw'eitaka, okukyendeera kw'amasharuura, hamwe n'okushashurwa kw'ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu buhingi n'oburiisa. Omu misiri ya Maziba, eki nikimanyisa ngu amasharuura g'ebicoori n'ebitookye nigaija kuba makye, okwihaho okugira ngu hariho orwezo rw'amaani. Ebintu ebirikuteganisa eby'obuhangwa nibirugamu, N na P kubarikuruga omu misiri, kandi bikashiisha amaizi. Maziba neetwara amaizi omu bisharara bya Rwanda, kandi bwanyima, enyanja Nalubaale, n'ahabw'ekyo, amaizi g'eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa nigareetaho okukura kw'ebimera omu byanga. N na P ezirikukira obwingi, nizikoresa omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'om Ebintu ebi bikaita ebyenyanja, amaizi g'okunywa gakahwerekyerera, kandi biketenga okuyonja okw'omuhendo gw'ahaiguru. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu amaizi g'omumatemba ga Victoria haihi n'eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa omu ndembo gaine oburemeezi bw'ebintu ebirikutokooza eby'obuhangwa, ekirikureetaho okurugaho kw'amaizi g'abantu n'enyamaishwa, n'okwongyera aha nshohoza y'amaizi. Ebirugyemu nibibaasa kubaho omu bisharara bya Maziba eby'ahansi y'enyanja ku ogire ngu ti Ebisharara ebirikucwekyerezibwa, tibirikubaasa kwihaho ebintu ebirikutokooza kurungi, ekirikuremesa eby'obuhangwa kurwanisa okucwekyerera. ''5.3 Enkora y'ebigimusa etarimu kabi''' Okuzibira okufeerwa, abahingi bashemereire kukoresa 'okwongyera aha nkora y'ebigimusa'. * ''Okwongyera orwezo omurundi gumwe,'' omu mwanya gw'okwongyera orwezo omurundi gumwe, gwongyera omurundi gumwe (nk'eky'okureeberaho, dose emwe omu kubyara, emwe omu by'obuhangwa). Okugaita N na P nikihamya ngu ebiriisa nibihika omu bwire bw'obuhangwa bw'ebihingirwe, kikyendeeza okushuka n'okugwa. Omu Uganda, abakugu omu by'obuhangwa nibahaburira okugaita ekicweka kya DAP omu kubyara n'ekicweka ky'okubanza. Okucondooza omuri burugwa izooba Nk'eky'okureeberaho, amasharuura g'ebicoori omu kugyezaho kumwe gakayongyera kuruga ahari ~18 kuhika ahari 2225 enshaho buri yiika ahanyima y'okukyebera eitaka hamwe n'okusiiga orwezo. Okusiiga orwezo kushemereire kugarukwamu abakozi, kwonka nikishashura ahabw'okukyendeeza okufeerwa. * ''Obwire bw'enjura:''Koresa orwezo n'enjura. Siba orwezo enjura etakatandikire (kwonka yetantare emiyaga mingi) kugira ngu ebiriisa bigyende omu myanya y'emirandira omu mwanya gw'okushutama ahaiguru. Oyetantare kusiba Urea enjura etakatandikire, ekirikureetera Urea okushuka n'okugwa. Ku kiraabe nikibaasika, kozesa okuteebereza kw'obwire nainga enkora y'enjura y'omubyaro: omuri Maziba, enjura nyingi nizitandika omu kwezi kwa kashatu, n'ahabw'ekyo okubyara n'okukozesa P kushemere Ebihingirwe by'okushereka omu bwire obutari bwa sizooni nabyo nibibaasa kukwata eitaka erisigaireho. * ''Incorporation/Placement:'' Bury or band fertiliser near roots. Okutamu (okugaita) orwezo omuitaka kurabira omukuhinga nainga orwezo, nikicendeeza okukwatanisa n'eizooba hamwe n'omuyaga, kikyendeeza okuhindahinduka kwa amoniya. Okutambuza orwezo ahaitaka eritaine busha nikyo kirikusinga kushiisha. Okutamu orwezo omu bands nainga Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okukoresa NPK omu biina by'okuteekaho obuziba bwa sentimita 25 (micro-dosing) kworeka okukora kurungi omu kukyeberwa omuringo gumwe ogurikuheereza doozi nkye (26 g buri mushozi) omu biina by'okubyara, nigureetaho amasharuura 2080% okukira emihanda y'okuheereza. * ''okukyebera eitaka hamwe n'okutebeekanisa embariirira y'eby'okurya:'' Okukyebera eitaka otakatungire orwezo,kyebera eitaka okureeba PH hamwe n'omutindo gw'eby'okurya. Eitaka eririmu asidi (ekirikukira kubaho omu Uganda) rikinga phosphorus, ekirikureetera okurabya P kutakora gye. Okukyebera PH nainga ebiriisa kurungi nikwebembera emihendo y'eitaka nainga orwezo. Okukyebera eitaka omuri Uganda tikukye, kwonka abakugu omu by' , emihendo y'okwihaho): nk'eky'okureeberaho, okukora 5 t/ha z'ebicoori, noobaasa kwetenga ~100 kg N/ha na 30 kg P/ha; oburemeezi bw'okwongyera kufeerwa N/P. Ekiragiro ky'ebihimba ekya National Fertilizer Policy (2016) nikishaba okwongyera omuhendo gw'eby'okurya ahari 50 kg nutrients/ha kuzibira eibura ry'ebihimba, kwonka nikigyenderera okukoresa emihendo erikuhikaana n'okukyebera eitaka hamwe n'amasharuura * ''Ebikwato by'okuhwera omu kusharamu:''Koresa ebikwato nka Leaf Color Chart (LCC) nainga apps za simu ezirikuteebereza ebyetaago by'ebihingirwe bya N kurugirira aha busya bw'ebihingirwe nainga ebihandiiko by'eitaka. Ebi nibibaasa kuhwera abahingi bakye kusharamu kukoresa eby'okushaba. N'obu abahingi bakye omu Uganda barikukoresa DST ezirikwetengwa, obuheereza n'ebitongore by'obwannakye, nibibaasa kutaho ebiragiro byorobi (okureeberaho = ''5.4 Riparian Buffer Zones''' = Ebihingirwe aha rubaju rw'emigyera n'omuringo oguhamiibwe ogurikubaasa kukwata ebiriisa n'okureetaho obutebekana. Omu Uganda, ebiragiro by'ebisharara/emigyera nibiragiira ''m 30m protected strips''' aha migyera emingi. Nituhabura okuheereza ekitiinisa (nainga okukira) omutindo ogu: nk'eky'okureeberaho, ahaitaka ry'eitaka eririkwera, buffer ya mita 2030 aha rubaju rw'emigyera; ahaitaka erikwera nainga erikubaasa kusisikara munonga, bu ''Enkora ya bufa: Bufa y'emiringo mingi niyo erikukirayo oburungi:' # ''In-stream bank zone (03 m):''Byara ebikozeso by'okureeberaho (okureeberaho, obunyasi oburikwetengwa, ebitookye, empap # ''Middle zone (310 m):''Obunyasi bwingi n'ebisaka (okureeberaho, obunyasi bwa Napier, Vernonia amygdalina, Azolla/Pistia omu myanya y'ebisharara) nibukora omutego gw'ebisharara hamwe n'ekipimo ky'eby' # ''Outer forest zone (1030 m+):'' emiti n'ebishaka ebirikuzaarwa nibikwata ebiriisa kandi nibiheereza ekisiibo n'obutuuro. Ebi nibibaasa kuba birimu emiti y'ekisiibo, emiti y'ebijuma [https://www.cifor-icraf.org/knowledge/publication/32103/#:~:text=use%20in%20buffer%20zone%20agroforestry%2C,Areas%20for%20further (Kasolo &#x26; Temu, 2008)]. Ebihingirwe bishemereire kuba eby'obuhangwa kwenda kuhwera eby'obuhangwa. Ebihingirwe ebitari bya buriijo (okureeberaho, Eucalyptus) tibirikwikirizibwa omu bisharara. Okureeberera nikitwariramu okubyara obutoosha, okurwanisa omwata, n'okuzibira okwosya. Omu myaka 23 y'okubanza, ebihingirwe ebikye (n'okukira munonga eby'omwata) bishemereire kuhindurwa. Bwanyima y'okureebeka, # ''Okwihaho amatungo:'' Buffer zooni zishemereire kutebwaho ekikomera okurekyeraho okuriisa. Ebiragiro bya Uganda nibizibira kurima nainga okutaahirira omumyanya y'okurinda emigyera ya mita 30 (Government of Uganda, 2000), ekirikworeka ngu nibyetenga ebikomera nainga ensharo ezindi. Okutema ekikomera nikizibira ente okutemba aha rubaju rw'amaizi n'okureeka omu migyera. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu okurekyeraho amatungo nikibaasa kukyendeeza obukookookooko bwa bakitiriya omu migyera ya ~ 60% (medi # ''Ebiragiro n'obutegyeki:'' 'Emigyera mingi eri ahaitaka ry'abantu boona nainga ery'abantu buntu. Okuta omu nkora buffers nikyetenga okutangaaza aha bugabe bw'eitaka. Omuri Maziba, omuhimbo gw'okugarukanisa ebyetengo bya buffer omu nteekateeka z'okukoresa eitaka. Obushagiki bwa Gavumenti (kurabira omu ofiisi za Disiturikiti ez'obuhangwa bw'ensi, 2000) nibubaasa kuhwera omu kutaho ekiragiro kya 30m (okureeberaho , kurabira omu nurseries za NFA). Ehururu z'okumanyisa abantu nizetengwa kugira ngu abahingi bamanye ebyetengo by' = ''5.5 Okureeberera amatungo n'emigyera''' = Eby'okuriisa n'okuriisa amatungo nibibaasa kureetaho amaizi maingi. Ebikuru ebirikuhaburwa aha faamu za Maziba ezitarikushushana (ah'ente, embuzi n'empunu zirikukira kuriisa * ''Oburugo oburikwetegyerezibwa:'' Teeka omu nkora okuriisa okw'okuhindura nainga okuriisa kwa paddock, okwetantara okukoresa kubi emyanya y'aha rubaju rw'enyanja. Amaterekyero g'okuhuumura nigakiriza ebimera kugaruka omu ntebe, okukyendeeza ahitaka eririkwetengwa. Ku kirikubaasika, gumaho amatungo omu miriro mirungi, kandi oteme ebyokurya by'enyamaishwa (okuriisa enju) * ''Stream Fencing:''Yombeka ebisiika ebirikubaasa kumara obwire buraingwa aha migyera hamwe na daamu okurekyeraho amatungo. Eki nikizibira okusindika omusheenyi hamwe n'omushekye omu mifuregye y'amaizi n'okwikiriza ebimera by'aha migyera kugaruka kubaho. Okucondooza kwingi (okukira munonga omu bicweka by'obutiti) nikworeka ngu ekisiika nikibaasa kukyendeeza obukookooko bwa bakitiria oburi omu migyera ebirikuhika aha bicweka 60% (median effect). Teekaho emyanya y'okucwekyereramu yaaba neeyetengwa, hamwe n'emyanya y'okwongyerwamu amabaare, okukyendeeza okucwekyerera amabaare. * ''Off-stream Watering:'' Teekaho emiringo endiijo y'okwihiramu amaizi kugira ngu amatungo gatakyetenga kunywa kuruga omu migyera. Eby'okukora birimu za pampu ezirikukoresa amaani ga soora nainga ebikondo by'amaizi g'enjura. Windimiiru nainga za pampu ezirikukoresa engaro nazo nizibaasa kuheereza amaizi marungi. Enkora y'okwihiramu amaizi eshemereire kutebwa aha rurengo rwa mita 30-50 kuruga aha mugyera gwona kandi ekirikubaasa kuhikwaho abantu boona. * ''Okurinda orwezo:''Okurundaana n'okukoresa kurungi orwezo rw'amatungo, okurinda ebiriisa aha faamu n'aheeru y'amaizi. Okurundaana orwezo rw'ebitanda nainga orwezo rw'ebihamba buriizooba, okurikukuratirwa okurundaana orwezo, nikireetaho okurundaana kw'ebyokurya. Ebinnya by'orwezo ebirikwetoroora (nk'okureeberaho, ebisasiro by'ebishaka) nibizibira okurundaana kw'ebyokurya omu njura. Abahingi bashemereire kukoresa orwe Orwezo orurikukoresibwa kurungi, nirureeta obugimu bw'eitaka (10-18% ez'ebihingirwe omu Uganda) hamwe n'okukyendeeza okuruga kwa nayitrogyeni. * ''Okurinda eby'okurya aha nsharo z'emifuregye:''''' Ku haakuba amatungo gashemereire kucwekanisa emihanda y'amaizi (nk'okureeberaho, okugyenda ahagati y'ebihorooni), gashemereire kucwekanisa omu myanya egumire. Teeka amabaare ag'ahansi nainga siminti hamwe n'entindo nkye. Oshemereze emihanda y'okucwekanisa n'obuny ''Tabuuri 5.5''' neegyeragyeranisa emiringo y'okureeberera amatungo. {| class="wikitable" !'''Strategy''' !'''Description''' !'''Benefits''' !'''Notes / Examples''' |- |Controlled/Rotational Grazing |Divide the pasture into paddocks with rest periods. |Maintains vegetative cover; reduces erosion/runoff |Often practiced by ranches, it needs multiple herds or time. |- |Streambank Fencing |Install fences along streams to keep animals out. |Prevents direct contamination; allows buffer regrowth |NZ studies: median 62% drop in stream fecal bacteria. Local farmers can use wooden posts/wire or live fences. |- |Off-stream Watering Points |Provide troughs, wells or pumps away from streams. |Satisfies animal thirst; eliminates streambank damage |Solar troughs or spring developments are effective. |- |Hardened Crossing Points |Designated river crossings with gravel/concrete pads. |Protects banks from trampling; concentrates nutrients |Helps manage inevitable crossings during transhumance. |- |Monitoring Indicators |Upstream vs downstream tests for E. coli, nitrate, and bank erosion surveys |Measures water quality improvements; guides action |Simple field test kits or local lab analysis for N and microbes. |} = ''6. OKUSHONGORA OMUBIKORWA BY'OKUFUUUUBIRIZA AHA MPAKA NKYE''' = = ''6.1 Enkora nungi y'okwitirira'' = Okutunguuka kw'amaizi nikupima amasharuura g'ebihingirwe buri yuniti y'amaizi ekoresiibwe. Nikibaasa kworekwa nk'ekiro ky'ebihingirwe buri mita y'amaizi eya cubic (kg/m3) nainga eky'okugarukamu (m3/kg). Nikyo kimwe, omuntu naabaasa kukoresa amasharuura buri buziba bw'okwitirira. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza okwakozirwe omuri Ethiopia kukagira ngu amasharuura g'amaizi gakeyongyera kuruga 1. 4 kuhika 2. 9 kg/m3 Ebi bipimo nibihwera okugyeragyeranisa enkora:kg/m3 nyingi nikimanyisa okukoresa amaizi kurungi. ''okukoresa amaizi kurungi'' nikimanyisa ekicweka ky'amaizi kuruga omu burugo eki ebihingirwe birikukoresa. Ekikwatireine n'ekyo, ''okukoresa amaizi kurungi'', nikimanyisa obucweka bw'amaizi agarikukoresibwa oburikubiikwa omu mizi y'ebihingirwe. Tihaine enkora erikukora kurungi omu bicweka 100%; okufeerwa nikubaho omu mitendera mingi. Orukarara 6.1 nirushoboorora omu bwiire bukye emiringo y'okufukirira hamwe n'oku barikubaasa kugipima. {| class="wikitable" !'''Metric''' !'''Definition''' !'''Units''' !'''Measurement Method''' |- |Crop water productivity (WP) |Yield produced per unit water applied |kg/m³ (or m³/kg) |Weigh the final yield (kg) and divide by total water applied (m³). Use a flowmeter or irrigation volumes. |- |Yield per water (kg per mm) |Harvested yield per mm of irrigation (per ha) |kg per mm/ha |Same as above; e.g., 1 mm on 1 ha = 10 m³. Combine yield and depth applied. |- |Irrigation efficiency (%) |Water stored in root zone ÷ water pumped × 100 |% |Compare flowmeter data (water pumped) with soil moisture increase (via probes or feel test). |- |Distribution uniformity (DU%) |Evenness of water across the field |% |Catch-can test: place cans in the field during irrigation and compute uniformity. |- |Evaporation loss |Water lost to air from soil or water surface |mm or % of applied |Estimate via evaporation pan, or measure ponded water loss. |- |Deep percolation loss |Water passing below roots (beyond crop uptake) |mm |Measure soil moisture before/after or use drainage lysimeter; or dig a 30 cm hole and see if water collects. |} Ebirikworeka okufeerwa omubyaro, harimu ebicweka ebirimu amaizi (nikyoreka okufuuhirira kurikurabira omu mirandira nainga okushagika munonga), nainga eitaka eririmu amaizi (akamanyiso k'amaizi). Omwata gw'amaizi (nk'okureeberaho, amaizi, amaizi, amaizi) nigumanyisa (Gavumenti ya Australia, 2025). Okukyebera kw'amaizi g'omunda n'okusima ekinnya (~30 cm deep)'': amaizi garikutonnya omunda, eitaka niribaasa kuba riri hai Ekirikureeta obutakora kurungi: Okufukirira munonga, nainga okukoresa amaizi omu muringo ogutari gw'omuringo gumwe, nikureetaho okushenyuka kw'amaizi okurikukira emizi; eitaka ry'omusheenyi eririmu omusheenyi, niryongyera. Okufeerwa kw'amaizi nikweyongyera, amaizi ku garikubaasa kwemerera omu bwire bw'omuriro ogurikwosya munonga. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, omukugu omwe omu by'okufukirira, naagira ngu okushenyuka kw'amaizi omu muringo ogutari gw'omuringo gumwe, nikureetaho okushenyuka kw'amaizi. , 4050% kasasiro). Enkora y'okupima: ''ekipimo ky'amaizi''' ahari pumpu nainga geeti nikiha amaizi goona agarikukoresibwa. Sensa z'obunyogovu bw'eitaka nainga tensiometers, zitakabiire n'ahanyima y'okwitirira, nizibaasa kumanya amaizi agarikubiikwa. Amaizi agarikuruga omu itaka nigabaasa kurundaanwa kandi gakyeberwa n'ekintu aha muheru gw'eitaka. Omu bibanda bikye, omuntu naabaasa kukoresa akabaketi kakye kukwata amaizi g'okwitirira kumara obwire oburikwetegyerezibwa Okuhandiika ebirikugyenda omu maisho n'ebirikuruga omu maisho (n'okukura kw'ebihingirwe) nikihwera omu kumanya omurimo. Okukyendeeza aha kufeerwa (mitigation): Okukyendeeza aha kufuka amaizi, fuka amaizi omu bicweka bikye kandi obutoosha, okuhikaana n'ebyetengo by'ebihingirwe. Okutereeza omusiri, amaizi gashemereire kujanjaara kimwe; kwetantara okufuka amaizi aha muheru gw'ebihingirwe. Okukyendeeza aha kufuka amaizi, fuka amaizi omu bwire oburikufukiirira (omwebazyo gw'omwebazyo), kandi okozese ebisigaire by'ebihingirwe (ebirikurinda obugimu bw'eitaka). Okutandika emifuregye nainga okukoresa payipu omu mwanya gw'ebihorooni, nikibaasa kukyendeeza amaizi. Omu miringo yoona, rinda ebyoma by'okwitirira, okwetantara okuruga n'okureeba ngu bigyenda kimwe. = ''6.2 Okutwara amaizi''' = Drip (micro-irrigation) neekoresa amaizi mpora mpora aha musingi gw'ekimera, omu myanya y'emirandira, okukyendeeza okufeerwa. Ebirungi byayo birimu okukoresa amaizi kurungi munonga (obwire obwingi 7090% kurugirira aha 50 60% omu nkora y'ahaiguru), okukyendeeza okufuuhirira, okurwanisa omwata kurungi (ahabw'okuba eitaka ahagati y'ensharo niriguma ryomire), n'obushoboorozi bw'okuteekamu orwezo (fertigation). ''Enkora hamwe n'ebintu'' Enkora y'okushashura esente nkye erimu ebirikukurataho: # Oburugo bw'amaizi hamwe na pumpu (ku ogire ngu amaani ga gravity tigarikumara). Pampu ya soora nainga ya ingini neebaasa kuba neeyetengwa. (Oburugo bw'amaizi oburikwigura buriijo nibwetaga ~1020 psi kutonnya; enkora y'amai # Filtara y'okukwata omusheenyi nainga ebisigaire, n'ey'omugasho amaizi garikuba garimu akajagararo. # Ekitongore ekirikureeberera oburemeezi nainga ekirikukyendeeza oburemeezi, nikireebeka ngu oburemeezi nibushushana. # Payipu enkuru n'enkuru ez'ahansi (1⁄2 inch2 inch) za pvc nainga za polyethylene. # Valuvu z'eby'obutegyeki. # Ebishushani by'aharubaju (okukoresa eikopo ry'amaizi nainga taapu). Eby'okureeberaho birimu eikopo ry'amaizi eririkwera nainga e # Emitta/amatondo g'amaizi, gashemereire kutebwa haihi na buri kimera. # Ebikwato hamwe n'emiti y'okugaita za payipu hamwe n'okunyweza za payipu. # Eshaaha/ekitongore ky'okwegyezamu, nikikora ahaby'okwitirira. ''Emitendera y'okutaho:' # ''Okwetebeekanisa omwanya:'' ''Ringaniza buri kitanda kurungi nk'oku kirikubaasika okureeba ngu nikigyenda. Teekaho enteekateeka y'okwitirira kuhikaana # ''Okwongyera aha runyiriri rwa mainline:''Yunga pampu nainga ekyoma ky'omuriro aha filta hamwe n'ekitongore ekirikujunanizibwa aha puleesa, reero # ''Run submains and sides:'' Teeka enjuyi aha runyiriri rw'ebihingirwe. Teeka tupu z'amatondo aha runyiriri rw'ebihingirwe n'obukooko. Teeka tupu ahaitaka nainga ezizikire kakye # ''Teka emitters:'' Punch holes omu tubing (if tape) kandi ota emitters omu myanya y'ebihingwa, nainga kozesa inline tape n'emitters ezombekirwe omu mwanya oguhikire (okure # ''Furush and test:'' Guraho enkora omu bwire bukye, okyebera buri emitter okureeba ngu erikugyenda kurungi. Teganisa ekitongore ekirikujunanizibwa aha puleesa nk'oku kirikwetengwa, # ''Kweka n'orwezo:'' Bwanyima y'okukyebera, kinga omwanya n'orwezo (orwezo nainga obuveera) okukyendeeza okurundaana n'okur ''Orukarara rw'okukyebera okurinda obutoosha:' # ''Okuyonja ekirikufuuhirira:'' Siimuura nainga oshemeze ekirikufuuhirira hakiri buri sande (n'okukiraho amaizi garikuba garikubi munonga) # ''Flush lines:'' Obumwe n'obumwe, gura enkomerero z'enyiriri okwihaho ebisharara. # ''Kyebera ebyoma ebirikuruga omu maize:''Kyebera ebirikuruga omu maize omu bwire bw'okwitirira. Ebyoma ebirikuruga omu maize nibibaasa kubonezibwa obwo # ''Kyebera oburemeezi:'' Reeba ngu ekitongore ekirikujunanizibwa aha buremeezi nikikora kandi ngu engyenderwaho tizirikutokooza. # ''Okugarura busya oburemeezi:'' Teekamu ebiina byona nainga oburemeezi bw'ensiri omu mipiira (ebikwato by'okugarura busya nainga taapu ''Ebizibu ebirikukira kubaho hamwe n'okutereeza:' # Tihariho kugyenda aha byoma ebirikuheereza amaizi: Nikibaasa kuba kizibire. Yogeza ekirikwera hamwe n'ebyoma ebirikuheereza amaizi, nainga re # Okutamburira hamwe: Okugyemeserezibwa ahaiguru/ahansi munonga, nainga enshonga y'okwegama. Reeba ngu okugyemeserezibwa kuhikire hamwe n'okwegama kw # Ebituga ahaiguru: Hindura ebituga nainga ohindahindure ebicweka bya payipu. # Oburemeezi oburikuruga omu bishokye: Kozesa enyiriri eziri ahansi y'eitaka, nainga kwerinda enyamaishwa. = ''6.3 Okufukirira omu bishaka hamwe n'omwegyemure''' = ''Engyenderwaho:''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''oburemeezi n'obutakora kurungi:'''Okufukirira kurugirira ahamaani ga gravity n'okw'omuhendo gw'ahansi kwonka ''okutakora kurungi''. Amaizi tigarikugabirwa kuringana. Omutwe gw'ekikondo nigukira kutunga amaizi agarikukira obwingi, kwonka omukira gw'ekikondo nigubaasa kuba gutarikuhwa amaizi. Okutwarira hamwe, '''3050% y'amaizi agarikukoresa ahaiguru nigabura''. Okukoresa amaizi agarikukira obwingi aha muheru gw'ekikondo nikikira. Okukoresa Okwongyera ahari ekyo, okugyenda n'amaizi omu mifuregye, nikibaasa kushiisha eitaka n'okureetaho emifuregye. Okukoresa obwire buraingwa nikireetaho ''okushemeza''': okushemeza amaizi, nikireeta omwonyo ahaiguru kurabira omu mifuregye, kandi hatariho amaizi marungi, omwonyo nigukorera ahu amaizi garikuhurira. ''Enkora y'okutunguura'' Enkora y'okutunguura eby'entatsya nkye neebaasa kwongyera amaani. # ''Okutereeza eitaka:''Omushozi ogurikwingana, ogutarikwetengwa, niguremesa amaizi kurundaana. Okutereeza amaizi kurundaana na laser nainga spade (aha poloti nkye munonga) nikubaasa kukores # ''Okufukirira kurungi:''Koresa amaizi omu bwire bukye. Okugyenda omu maisho nikwikiriza buri mushana kwejumba otakongyeireyo. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu okufukirira kurungi nikubaasa kubiika amaizi 25 40% obwo orikuguma nooyongyera amasharuura. (Omu kugyezibwa kw'engano okumwe, okugyenda omu maisho kukakora amaizi 273 # ''Gated pipe systems:'' Omu mwanya gw'okwijuza amaizi omu kishengye kyona, kozesa payipu egumire erimu emiryango mikye buri ffuuti nkye. Okwihaho omuryango nikureeta amaizi omu kicweka ekyo. Eki nikireetaho okukwatanisa kandi kikyendeeza aha mirimo hamwe n'okwijuza amaizi. # ''Okwongyera okwitirira emifuregye:'' Gyerera amaizi buri mufuregye ogundi. Ebihingirwe ebiri haihi nibibaasa kugasirwa omu kujanjaara kw'emirandira. # ''Amaizi g'omukira gakoresize:'' Kwata amaizi kuruga aha muheru gw'ebihingirwe omu kiyanja nainga ekidiba, reero ogarugye omu mutwe nainga tanka y'okubiika. Eki nikyetenga payipu/pampu ezindi, kw # ''Eitaka hamwe n'okureeberera ebihingirwe:''Okubyara aha rushozi hamwe n'okukoresa orunyiriri rw'ebihingirwe kurugirira aha burengye bw'ebihingirwe, nikibaasa kutunguura = ''6.4 Okwehara Okukoresa amaizi''' = Okutwara amaizi omu itaka, nikireetwa okurihiirira okurengyesereize, nainga okukoresa amaizi kubi, ekirikureetera eitaka kutwara amaizi, ekirikureetera amaizi kutwara amaizi kuruga omu mizi. Obubonero n'amaizi agarikureebeka omu mwanya oguri ahansi bwanyima y'okurihiirira, nainga amababi nigahinduka kinekye nainga gafuuhirira (ebimera ebitarikwatireine na okisijeeni). Obubonero oburikwetegyerezibwa, n'okukurakurana kw'omwata (okureeberaho, entanga ''Cyprianus' Ku oraabe nooteekateeka ngu hariho amaizi, kwonka gatarikwetegyerezibwa ahaiguru, shaba ebiina bikye by'okukyeberaho (~30 cm). Amaizi g'ahansi ku garikuza omunda nainga gasigaire omu kiina, eitaka rigumizemu amaizi. ''Ebirikubaasa kukorwa okutereeza emifuregye):''' Ekigyendererwa n'okwiha amaizi agarikumara kuruga omu myanya y'ebikooko. Eby'okukora # ''Amaizi agarikuruga omu itaka (ebisharara):'''Sima emifuregye etari y'amaani aha rubaju rw'omusiri nainga ahagati y'ebisharara, okureeta amaizi aheeru. N'omwanya mukye aha muheru gw'omusiri nigubaasa kukora nk'omwanya gw'okureeta amaizi. Omwanya gw'okureeta amaizi gushemereire kugyenda mporampora aha rushozi kuhika aha mwanya ogutarimu kabi (omugyera, # ''Amaizi g'ahansi:'' Omu myanya y'amaani, payipu ya pvc erimu ebituli nainga ey'eibumba eyazikirwe omu mufuregye (a French drain) neebaasa kurundaana amaizi g' # ''Ebihingirwe/ebihingirwe:''Imba ebihingirwe aha bihingirwe.Eitaka eririkwihwaho niribaasa kukora emihanda mikye y'okwitirira/okutwara amaizi kuruga omu maizi.Nk'eky'okureeberaho, omu faamu z'omwani, emiti erikukira kutwara amaizi, ekafururwa aha bihingirwe erikukoresa eitaka kuruga omu maizi agarik # ''Okukyebera ebyombeko:'''Emikingo mikye y'omushana/okukyebera nainga ebikondo by'emiti kurabira omu mifuregye nibibaasa kukyendeeza # ''Okuronda ebihingirwe:'' Omu myanya erikutwara obwire buraingwa,hinga ebihingirwe ebirikwetantara amaizi (omuceeri, tarot, cattails) nainga eby' # ''Okuzibira omwonyo:''' Okukoresa amaizi nikireeta omwonyo, okwiirira kakye n'amaizi g'omutindo murungi, okureeta omwonyo ahansi y'emirandira (ku ogire ngu emifuregye neija kugyihaho). Hindura Enkora nungi y'okutwara amaizi omu maize, eshemereire kureetaho amaizi agarikukira obwingi kandi gasherekye omu muringo ogurikwetengwa, okuzibira emyanya y'ahansi okwetorora amaizi (Australian Government, 2025). Omusiri ku gurikuba guri aha rushozi, ebishengye nainga ebishengye ebirikwera nibibaasa kutwara amaizi omu muringo ogurikwetengwa. Okutwarira hamwe, reeba ngu emyanya y'okutwaramu amaizi erikwetengwa ( ''Okucondooza''' Bwanyima y'okwihirira amaizi nainga enjura nyingi,garukamu obutoosha okureeba obukooko oburikujanjaara.Rondoora ebihingirwe okureeba obukooko oburikujanjaara nainga obwa kinekye (oburemeezi bw'amaizi).Okwombeka ekidiba ky'okureeba (paipu ya pvc erimu ebituli omu mwanya gw'amaizi) nikibaasisa okukyebera obwiire bw'amaizi.Okubiika ebaruha y'enjura/okwihirira hamwe n'okugarukwamu ''Enkora''' Eby'okurya ebirikuruga omu itaka nibibaho obu eby'okurya ebirikuruga omu itaka (okukira munonga nitrate-N hamwe na potassium) birikujanjaara aheeru y'ekicweka ky'emirandira ahabw'amaizi agarikukira obwingi. Amaizi g'okwitirira (nainga enjura) ku garikusinga amaizi g'eitaka, nitrates nizitamburira ahansi n'amaizi agarikuruga omu itaka. Eitaka eririmu omusheenyi gw'amaani hamwe n'eitaka eririkwetoroora nibikira kubaho ''Enkora nungi y'okureeberera'' Ekikuru n'okukoresa orwezo rw'ebihingirwe kurugirira ahabyetaago by'ebihingirwe n'okukyendeeza ebirugire omu bikooko. Ebintu ebir # ''Split applications:'' Siba orwezo omu doozi nkye ezirikwetengwa kurugirira aha mitendera y'okukura kw'ebihingirwe, okukira okubyara byona. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, habaho doozi y'okutandika omu kubyara hamwe n'okwongyera N ahagati y'obwire. Okusiba nikukyendeza munonga N etakoresiibwe. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu ahaitaka ry'omusheenyi, split N (otwari # ''Fertigation (chemigation):'''Imbaho ekicweka ky'ebigimusa (okukira munonga nayitrogyeni) omu nkora y'okwitirira. Eki nikibaasisa okukoresa emirundi mingi, okukoresa kukye omu bwire bw'okukura kw'ekimera, kandi kiketantara emibazi mingi enjura nyingi etakahikire. Ekitongore kya Yunivasite ya Minnesota Extension nikyoreka ngu fertigation n'enkora nungi y'okureeberera okukyendeeza okushuka kwa nayitrogyeni.''. # ''Okuteeka:''Banda nainga otaho ebigimusa haihi n'emirandira y'ebimera, omu mwanya gw'okubitwara ahaiguru. Eki nikireetaho ebiriisa ahu ebimera birikubaasa kubitunga. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okuta N na P omu mwanya mukye ogurikwingana sentimita 510 haihi n'orunyiriri rw'embibo, nikikyendeeza okujanjaara kwa P kandi kiguma # ''Slow-release or organic sources:'' Kozesa ebigimusa bya N ebirikujwekyerwa nainga ebirikujwekyerwa mporampora; eki nikyendeza nitrate y'eitaka. Okwongyera ebintu ebirikukwata ahaitaka (compost, manure) nikitunguura entekateka y'eitaka hamwe n'obushoboorozi bw'okuhindura ebiriisa, ekirikuhwera okuk # ''Okurinda obugimu bw'eitaka:'' Yetantare okufukirira emirundi mingi munonga, kugira ngu habeho amaizi garikwemerera, nainga okwihaho emizi. Ku kirikubaasika, kozesa ebyoma by'okucondooza obugimu bw'eitaka, nainga ebyoma # ''Buffer strips and cover crops:'''Oburugo bw'ebihingirwe nainga oburugo bw'amabeere nibubikka ebihingirwe aha rubaju rw'eitaka nainga ahagati y'eitaka kukwata ebiriisa ebirikuruga omu maizi. Ekikopo ky'ebihingirwe nikibaasa kukwata nitrates omu eitaka zitakahikire omu maizi. Nikyo kimwe, okubikka ebihingirwe (ebihimba, ebihingirwe ''Okucondooza''' Ebimanyiso bikye nibibaasa kurabura okurabura. Amababi ga kinekye nigabaasa kworeka eibura rya N. Okukyebera eitaka obutoosha (okukira munonga nitrate-N) aha burengye butarikushushana, nikibaasa kworeka omuhendo gw'eby'okurya ebyombekyeire hamwe n'okufeerwa. Okutaho ebyoma by'okurabura amaizi agarikuruga omu maizi ga nitrate, nikibaasa kuhwera omukukyebera amaizi. Obubonero oburikureebeka nk'okukurakurana kw'ebishaka omu bisharara, nabwo nibubaasa kworeka okubura kw'eby'okurya. = ''7. ENTEEKATEEKA Y'OKUKORA AHA MAZIBA FARM Y'AMAIZI''' = = ''7.1 Ebigyendererwa n'obuhango''' = * Okureeba ngu ebyombeko by'amaizi biri aha rurengo: Okukyebera n'okugarura busya ebidiba n'emyanya y'okushomeramu enjura etakahikire. * Rinda eitaka n'amaizi: Teekaho obutebekana bw'eitaka n'ebimera kandi okyebera emiringo y'okurinda eitaka okurwanisa okutsinduka kw'eitaka. * Rondoora kandi oyangure: Omu bwire bw'enjura, rondoora amaizi agarikuruga omu maizi, amaizi g'omu bidiba, hamwe n'okutsinduka kw'eitaka; sh * Okukoresa kurungi obwire bw'ekyanda: Teekaho enteekateeka y'okwitirira n'okureeberera ebidiba/ebyombeko, okurinda ebihingirwe omu bwire bw * Kureetaho entunguuka erikugumaho: Kozesa foomu y'okwekyondooza ey'omwaka okureeba buri kikorwa (15 scale) kandi oteekateekye emirimo y = ''7.2 Ebyafaayo: Enkora ya Faamu ya Maziba''' = Maziba eri omu bisharara bya Kigezi omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Uganda (oburaingwa bwa ~15002300 m) (Miiro, 1999). Embeera y'obwire nungi munonga n'obutagasi bwa 17-18 °C hamwe n'obunyogovu bwingi. Enjura erikugwa buri mwaka neegura mita 1,2001,500 (ahaiguru aha rushozi, ahansi omu bibanda). Hariho ''ebiro bibiri eby'enjura'': enjura enkuru kuruga omu kwezi kwa kashatu kuhisya okwezi kwa mushanju (ekikuru omu kwakana) hamwe n'enjura nkye kuruga omu kwezi kwamwenda kuhisya Emyezi erikukizayo n'eyahagati y'omwaka (JuneAugust) hamwe n'okutandika kw'okwezi kw'okubanza. Enkora egi eshemereire kukwatanisibwa n'obwire bw'okweteekateekyera n'okwitirira. Eitaka aha faamu za Maziba n'eitaka ry'obutiti eririkwetengwa munonga n'obutiti bwa asidi (Feralsols, Luvisols, Regosols) (Nseka et al. , 2022). Eby'obuhangwa n'eby'obuhangwa n'eby'omutindo; emisiri mingi neegasirwa kuruga omu myanya hamwe n'obutungi bw'ebihingwa. Ebihingwa Abahingi baingi nibabyara n'emiti (ebitookye, omwani) aha rushozi. ''Amaizi g'omu faamu hamwe n'ebibanda:'' Omu kicweka eki, amaizi makye g'eitaka nainga ebidiba (obumwe aha faamu nainga eitaka rya buriijo) nibikoresibwa okukwata amaizi g'omugyera. Ebiziba ebi nibombekwa n'eitaka ry'omubyaro; ekikondo ky'eitaka ekyahagati nainga ekikondo ky'eitaka ekyombekirwe nikikozesibwa kukwata amaizi, hamwe n'ebidiba (embankments) nibombekwa okwetoroora ekicweka kikye. Amaizi g'omwiyanja agarikureebererwa kurungi, nigabaasa kureeta amaizi omu bwire bw'ekyanda, kwonka gatarikureebererwa, nigabaasa kuruga omu maizi. = ''7.3 Entebekanisa y'obwire bw'enjura''' = ''Okwetegyereza ebyombeko'' ''Ryari:'' emyezi 23 etakahikire enjura y'okubanza. ''Engeri:'' Tambura oburaingwa bwa buri daamu/ekidiba (ahaiguru n'ahansi y # ''Enjatika, okusimba, nainga ebiina''' aha rushozi nainga emishororongo (ebirikubaasa kworeka okutsinduka kwa payipu nainga okutsinduka kw' # ''Ebinnya by'enyamaishwa'''. Ebinnya by'enyamaishwa ebikye nibibaasa kukyendeeza amaizi. Jjuza ebiina byona ahonaaho n'eitaka eririkw # ''Emyanya y'amaizi''.Ebintu ebirimu amaizi nainga ebimera ebitari bya buriijo aha maguru nibyoreka oburengye. Teeka akamanyiso aha myanya egi # ''Omwanya gw'okucwekyereza/omwanya gw'okugarukamu.'' Reeba ngu omwanya gw'okucwekyereza gukozirweho amabaare, kandi omwanya gw'ok ''''Ebikwato''''' Oruguuto rw'omutindo nainga orukiiko orurikwetegyerezibwa, okureeba oburengye bw'omutindo, ekikondo/ekikondo, hamwe n'ekikondo # ''Bund Repair:'' ''Ryari:'' Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okushwijuma ebirugiremu. # ''Ijuza kandi ogyemesereze eitaka:''' Ahabw'enjatika nkye nainga ebicweka ebirikucwekyerezibwa, yomba ebintu ebirikucwekyerera, reero ojjuze eitaka ry'eitaka eririmu eibumba omu mitendera ya sentimita 1020, ogyemesereze buri mutendera n'akapiira nainga ekigyere. Reeba ngu omusingi gw' # ''Teekamu oburyo bw'okwerinda okutsinduka kw'eitaka:''''Aha myanya y'oburungi nainga emyanya y'okushuka amaizi,shereka n'ebitundutundu by'enjovu (Napier) nainga obunyasi obundi omu runyiriri.Obunyasi obu bwine emizi mingi erikukwata eitaka n'okurwanisa # ''Emitwe:'' Ku erikuba eriho,byara enyiriri z'emigyera nainga ebindi by'obunyasi ahaiguru y'ekidiba okuzibira amaizi g'amaizi ''''Ebintu''''' Eitaka ry'eibumba (kirungi kuruga omu kiina ekirikwetengwa haihi n'eibumba ry'eibumba ry'eibumba ry'eibumba ry'eibumba ry ''Obyokwerinda:'' Yegyendesereze okuteera ebigyere aha mifuregye. Kozesa za giraavuzi waaba nookwata omwata ogurikwera. # ''Okugaruka kubyara obunyasi:'' Ku ogire ngu ebyoma ebirikuremesa obunyasi ebikuru bikomeire,garuka obibyare: # ''Cut healthy slips''' (3050 cm high) z'obunyasi bw'enjovu nainga entungo kuruga omu bimera bigumire aha faamu. # ''Tebekanisa ebituli'''' kuruga omu musiri buri mita 0.5-1. # ''Tema amababi goona agarikuzire''' okwihaho omwata otakabisize, kugira ngu omwata musya gumeho kurungi. ''Timeline'' Tandika okucondooza omu kwezi kw'okubanza, omaririze okugarura busya n'okubyara omu kwezi kwa kabiri. Eki nikihamya ngu eitaka riine obwire bw'okutebenkera n'obunyasi ''Abakozi:'' Tiimu y'abantu 24 nibabaasa kushwijuma n'okugarura busya ekidiba kikye omu biro 12 (kurugirira aha buhango); okubyara omwata aha hiika 0.1 aha rubaju rw'ekidiba nikitwara ebiro 12. ''Eky'okureeberaho ky'orukarara rw'okukyebera etakahikire'' # Za daamu zoona zikatamburwa kandi zaashwijumwa kureeba ngu zikaba ziine enjatika. # Ebihorooni/ebinnya by'amatungo bikaijuzibwa kandi byombekwa. # Omwanya gw'ahaiguru gukozirweho; emyanya y'ahansi egarukiremu. # Omwata niguteerwa ahaitaka eritaine busha. # Orugundo rw'amaizi rukasharwamu ebimera. = ''7.4 Okureebuuza n'okureeberera obwire bw'enjura''' = Omu bwire bw'enjura,ekigyendererwa n'okureeba oku amaizi garikutwaza n'okukwata oburemeezi bwona oburikubaho juba. Kozesa obubonero bukye kandi ohandiike ebihandiiko butoosha. Ebintu ebik # ''Runoff and Pond Level:'' Teekaho ''staff gauge'''' (omutegyeki w'omutindo) omu kidiba, kugira ngu oreebe oburengye bw'amaizi bwanyima y'enjura. Tegeka enjura (okukoresa gauge eyakozirwe omuka nainga eyaguzibwe) hamwe n'oburengye bw'ekidiba omurundi gumwe omu sande nainga ahanyima y'enjura nyingi. Okukyerererwa munonga omu burengye bw'amaizi ebiro ebirikukurataho (hatariho oburengye) nikyoreka oburengye. Kubarikuba hariho okukyerererwa kwa sentimita 3E;5 buri izooba,condooza aha kukyerererwa kw'amaizi nainga okweyongyera kw'amaizi. Ebikwato ebirikukoresibwa harimu ekipimo ky'enjura kyanguhi (nk'eky'okureeberaho, ekibbo ky'obuveera). Ekipimo ky'abakozi nikibaasa kuba ekikondo ky'ebiti ekirikujwekyerwa ekirikuteerwa omu banka. Kubarikuteekwateekwaho okukyerererwa kw'amaizi,condooza ekicweka ky'ekidiba (obwire bw'ekyanda bukyerereire) okukyer # ''Erosion Checks:''' Bwanyima y'enjura nyingi, kebera emisiri hamwe n'emyanya y'ekidiba okureeba obukooko nainga emifuregye. Reeba okukira munonga aha myanya y'okutamburiraho hamwe n'emyanya y'okushutama. Ebyoreka nibitwariramu okushutama kw'ebitosi ebirikubaasa kureebeka aha nshonda y'ekidiba, okutandika n'omwanya gw'okushutama. Eki kishemereire kukorwa buri sande 23 omu njura nyingi n'ahanyima y'eihunga ry'amaani. Obukooko obuto ku burikureebeka, bu # ''Fertilizer Timing:''Wetantare okuguza orwezo (okukira munonga nayitrojeni) bukiri kare enjura nyingi etakatandikire kugwa. Omugyera kuruga omu misiri erimu orwezo nigubaasa kutwara ebiriisa (nitrates, phosphates) omu kiyanja, okureetaho okukura kw'ebishaka n'okukyendeeza omutindo gw'amaizi. Amahurire nk'ago nigabaasa kwihwa kuruga omu kukoresa amahurire ga reediyo/esimu. Ku ogire ngu enjura nyingi # ''Okucondooza omutindo gw'amaizi (eky'okwerinda):' '' Ku orikukoresa amaizi g'ekidiba okunywa (kitari ky'okureebeka aha faamu ya Maziba, kwonka n'eky'okureeberaho), okukyebera # ''Okuhandiika ebirikukwataho:'''Bika ''ekitabo ky'ebitabo'' omu mwanya gwomire. Wandiika ebiro by'okushwijuma, enjura, obuziba bw'ekidiba, hamwe n'ebihandiiko byona (nk'eky'okureeberaho, Ekintu ky'enjura 4/3: 80 mm, ekidiba +60 cm # ''ebikwato by'okureebuuza eby'omuhendo gw'ahansi:''Kuhikaana n'ebikopo by'abakozi hamwe n'ebikopo by'enjura, abahingi nibabaasa kukoresa ebibbo ebirikwetegyerezibwa (okukyebera ebyarugire omu pumpu) = ''7.5 Enkora y'obwire bw'ekyanda''' = Emyezi y'ekyanda neeyetenga okukoresa amaizi n'okureeberera kurungi. Ebirikukorwa ebikuru n'okufukirira kurungi, okureeberera amaizi, n'okutebekanisa eitaka * ''Entebekanisa y'okwitirira:''Tebekanisa okwitirira kurugirira aha byetaago by'ebihingirwe hamwe n'obutiti bw'eitaka, kutari karenda et * ''Emitendera y'ebihingirwe:''Fukirira munonga ebihingirwe byaba biri omu mitendera y'amaani y'okukura (okureeberaho, ebimuri, okukura kw * ''Soil feel test:'' Kyebera obunyogovu bw'eitaka obwo orikusima akaina kakye akarikwingana sentimita 20-30. Eitaka ku ryaba niryeyongyera kurundaana engaro kandi hatariho maizi agarikureebwa,obunyogovu nibukumara. Eitaka erikw * ''Simple sensor:'' Kozesa mita y'obunyogovu bw'eitaka nainga tensiometer omu mwanya ogurikujwekyera (reeba ebikwato ahaiguru). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, tereka tensiometer aha burengye bwa sentimita 30 omu runyiriri rw'ebihingirwe; shoma buri sande. Ku erikworeka obunyogovu bwingi (ekyanda munonga), * ''Obwire/okwijuza amaizi omu kasheeshe:'' Fuka amaizi omu kasheeshe kakye nainga omu mwabazyo/omwebazyo okukyendeza okufeerwa kw'amaizi. * ''Kyebera omuhendo:'' Ku orikukoresa pampu, pima entambura: pima omu baketi okumara edakiika emwe okutunga L/min, kandi obwiire bw' ''Okutereeza ekidiba''' Bwanyima y'enjura, kandi otakabwiire amaizi, kwihaho omusheenyi n'ebisasiro: * ''Okucwekyereza amaizi:'' Ku oraabe otungire amaizi haihi n'omwanya ogurikwetorwamu amaizi, gashemereire kushangwa omu misiri nk'eitaka * 'Okuzibira omwata:'' Yihaho omwata ogurikuba guri aha nshonda (zibikire n'obuveera nainga zibikureho) omwata oguri omu maizi nigubaasa * ''Okwetegyereza emifuregye:'' Aha kutandika nainga ahamuheru gw'obwire bw'ekyanda, koona amaizi g'ekidiba kuhika ahansi y'omuhanda gw'okwihaho amaizi. Kyebera ebidiba by'okwihaho amaizi, nainga emyanya y'okwihaho amaizi. Hunduuza enjatika or * ''Okubaho kw'ebyenyanja:'' Ekidiba kyaba kiine ebyenyanja, bikwate nainga obihindure bitakakozirweho munonga. ''Okucondooza obunyogovu bw'eitaka''' N'omu bwire bw'ekyanda, rinda obugimu bw'eitaka: * Okusiika: Siika ebisigaire by'ebihingirwe nainga obunyasi ahaitaka eririkwesherekyerera okukyendeeza omuriro. * Ebisigarira by'ebihingirwe: Reka emizi y'ebihingirwe ebisharuwirwe omu mwanya gwayo, okureeba ngu byongyera amaizi g'eitaka omu sizoni erik * Sensa z'obunyogovu: Obumwe n'obumwe ogarukye okushwijuma obunyogovu bw'eitaka, okureeba ngu okwitirira nikumara. ''Enguuto z'okureeba ebirikuruga'' Amaizi g'ekidiba ku garikugwa gatarikuteekateekwaho waaba otarikuhinga, kebera oburengye: * Okugyeza okujuza: Jjuza ekidiba kandi opimire amaizi agarikwetengwa buri eizooba. Ku garikugwa kurenga sentimita 23 buri eizooba, hatariho oburengye, * Okukyebera omwika: Kwekyera omuriro haihi n'omwanya ogurikuteekwateekwaho kuba nigubwatuka; amaizi agarikweyongyera nigabaasa kworeka omwanya ogur * Okuta embaaho omu itaka: Vuga ekikondo kihango omu eitaka ahu kirikuteekwateekwaho kuba nikishwekyerera; kyaba nikitemba ahaiguru nk'oku eitaka ririkushwekyerera a * ''Okureberera ebyoma:''Okwombeka n'okubiika za pumpu, hoses, hamwe n'ebikwato bwanyima y'okukoresa. Kyebera ekyoma/omwanya = ''7.6 Foomu y'okwetegyereza buri mwaka''' = Aha muheru gw'omwaka, abahingi bashemereire kushwijuma emirimo yaabo yoona. Ahansi hariho eky'okureeberaho ekirikubaasa kukoresibwa okuteera n'okurinda ebihandiiko by'omubyaro. Gyeragyeranisa buri kintu kandi ohandiike ebirikwetengwa. {| class="wikitable" !'''Activity/Item''' !'''Score 1–5''' !'''Comments or Next Actions''' |- |Pre-season inspection completed (Y/N) |___ | |- |Bunds repaired/compacted (Yes/No) |___ |e.g., ''If no, plan a bund-repair workshop'' |- |Grass cover on bunds (good/patchy/bare) |___ |''Consider replanting or mulching'' |- |Spillway clear (Y/N) |___ | |- |Runoff erosion minimal (Yes/No) |___ |''If no, add contour hedges or mulch'' |- |Fertilizer timing (avoided heavy rains) |___ |''Adjust calendar or use slow-release N'' |- |Rainfall &#x26; pond levels recorded (Y/N) |___ | |- |No major leaks or breaches (Y/N) |___ |''Plan leak repair if needed'' |- |Irrigation schedule followed (Yes/No) |___ |''If no, try soil probe or local ET table'' |- |Pond maintained/desilted (Y/N) |___ | |- |Soil moisture adequate at planting (Y/N) |___ | |- |Overall water use efficiency (1–5) |___ |''E.g., ratio of water applied vs. yield'' |} ''Obuhabuzi bw'obubonero:'' 45 nikyoreka ngu emirimo ekakorwa kurungi hatariho nshonga; 23 nikyoreka oburemeezi obumwe; 1 nikimanyisa ngu emirimo ekanagaanibwa. Ku bubonero bwona oburi ahansi ya 3, manya emitendera y'okutereeza ahansi ya Ebigarukwamu. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, bondi ku ziraabe zikozire 2, tebekanisa eizooba ry'okugarura busya abantu boona, nainga okut ''Oruteerane rw'okukyebera''' Okwejunisa ahonaaho, eky'okureeberaho orukarara rw'okukyebera ebiro by'enjura bitakahikire (okusiba aha kisiika): # ''Yetegyereze ekidiba/ekidiba:''Tamburira aha myanya yoona erikwetoroora; reeba enjatika, okushandara, nainga ebituga by'enyamaishwa # ''Eshonga z'okugarura busya:'' Jjuza enjatika n'eibumba; ekicweka ky'amaani; ozibire ebiina. # ''Kyebera ebimera:'' Byarira obunyasi oburikujanjaara ahaitaka eritaine busha (handika obunyasi obubyarirwe. # ''Clean spillway/outlet:'' Yihaho ebisasiro kuruga omu muhanda gwa spillway. # ''Eby'okukoresa byeteekateekire:'' Reeba ngu pampu/amajuuta nibikora; gira tar/eibumba ryeteekateekire okutereeza ebirikuruga. Nikyo kimwe, orukarara rw'okukyebera obwire bw'enjura nirutwariramu okukyebera ekidiba bwanyima y'eihunga ry'amaani hamwe n'okukyebera enjura n'oburaingwa bw'ekidiba buri [[File:Seasonal_activities_maziba_farm_2026.jpg|365x365px]] Emirimo y'ebiro n'ebiro omu faamu za Maziba sub-catchment (2026) = ''Ebihandiiko''' = Gavumenti ya Australia. (2025). ''Okuhinga omwani omu bantu bakye omuri Papua New Guinea Akatabo k'okutendeka abahingi''. Brunner, GW. (2026). ''HEC-RAS River Analysis System. HEC-RAS 2D user's Manual. Enkora 65''. https://apps.dtic.mil/ Curry, G., &x26; Curnow, J. (2024). ''Okutunguura emituurire y'abahingi bakye b'omwani omuri Papua New Guinea''. Ripoota y Datta, S., Taghvaeian, S.,&#x26;Stivers, J. (2017). ''Okwetegyereza amaizi g'omuitaka hamwe n&#x27;emiringo y&# Esta, L. ,&#x26; Adunga, B. (2012). Akatabo akarikukwata aha kuzibira n&#x27;okurwanisa emifuregye omu kicweka kya Nile, enteekateeka ya burugwa izooba bwa Nile ey&#x27;Eastern Nile, Technical Regional Office (ENTRO), Eastern Nile Watershed Management Project, Addis Ernst, M. (2017). ''Enkora y'okufukirira''. CCD-FS-1. Lexington, KY: Center for Crop Diversification, University of ... https://ccd.uk.edu/ Orwakataano, K.S. (1999). ''Iperata okugarura busya eitaka ry'omwata barikukoresa eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa n'okugarura bus Gavumenti ya Uganda. (1990) 'Ebiragiro by'obuhangwa bw'eihanga (ebisharara, enyanja hamwe n'emyanya y'enyanja), Na. 3 (1990)'. Gavumenti ya Uganda. (2016). Jayashree, B. (2018). ''Okwombeka eitaka kurinda eitaka kandi kwongyera aha ntaatsya y'abahingi n'abariisa ebicweka 20% omuri Mali''. https Johnson, A.I. (1963a). ''Enkora y'omumwanya y'okupima okutaahirira''. USGPO, https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/wsp Kasolo, W. K., &26; Temu, AB. (2008). Okutoorana emiringo y'emiti omu by'obuhingi n'oburiisa omuri buffer zone: Enshonga y'ekibira kya Budongo omu Uganda. ' Miiro, R. (1999). Enshonga ezirikureetaho enkoresa y'eitaka omu myanya y'emishozi omu disiturikiti ya Kabale, Uganda. ''Okugumyaho faamu y'ensi yoona: Empapura ezitoronoreirwe kuruga omu rukiiko rw'ensi yoona or ''MN15680.pdf''. (n.d.). Kikatwarwa okwezi kwa kashatu 19, 2016, kuruga aha https://www.cifor-icraf.org/publications/downloads/P Morris, M. &26; Energy, N. (2006). Okucondooza aha businguzi bw'eitaka: Ebikwato n'emiringo y'esente nkye. ''Ekitongore ky' Ndemere, J. (2018). ''Ebikwatireine na tekinorogye y'okurinda eitaka n'amaizi aha bintu by'eitaka omuri Maziba Sub Catchment, Kabale_U Nseka, D. , Kakembio, V. , Mugagga, F. , Semakula, H. , Opedes, H. , Wasswa, H. , 26; Ayesiga, P. (2022). Ebirikukwata aha mutindo gw'eitaka aha kutsinduka kw'eitaka omu byaro bya kigezi omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izoo Rivenshield, A., 26; Bassuk, N. L. (2007). Okukoresa empindahinduka y'obuhangwa okukyendeeza obwingi bw'eitaka n'okwongyera amaani g'eitaka. ''Arbor Rusoke, C. , Nyakuni, A. , Mwebaze, S. , Okorio, J. , Akena, F. , 26; Kimaru, G. . Orwamukaaga, A., Hernegger, M., Kangume, S., 26; Stecher, G. (2025). Okuhinduka omu bwire n'omwanya gw'omutindo gw'amaizi g'omumyanya y'obuhingi n'oburiisa Shinde, P. &26; Chavhan, S. (2018a). ''Obukoryo bw'okurinda amaizi: Emyanya y'okutamburiraho''. https://www.mahasib Shinde, P. &26; Chavhan, S. (2018b). ''Obukoryo bw'okurinda amaizi: Emyanya y'okutamburiraho''. https://www.mahasib Stephens, T. (2010a). ''Manual on small earth dams''. FAO; https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/8909e1-0cfb-48b Stephens, T. (2010b). ''Manual on small earth dams''. FAO; https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/8909e1-0cfb-48b Truong, P., Van, TT, &x26; Pinners, E. (2008). Akatabo k'eby'emikono akarikukwata aha nkora ya Vetiver. ''The Vetiver United States Natural Resources Conservation. (1981). ''Ponds: Planning, design, construction''. Ekitongore ky'eby'obuhingi ekya Amerika. https://books.google.com/books USDA. (n.d.-a). ''Ekitongore ky'ahonaaho eky'okureebuuza ebifaananyi''. USDA. (n.d.-b). ''Obutiti bw'eitaka/Obusingye/Obwire: Ekitabo ky'abeegyesa''. Zeng, F. , Zuo, Z. , Mo, J. , Chen, C. , Yang, X. , Wang, J. , Wang, Y. , Zhao, Z. , Chen, T. , 26; Li, Y. (2021). Okufeerwa kwa nayitrojeni na phosphorus kuruga omu kuhinga omuceeri n'ebicoori: Okucondooza omu kicweka kya Dongjiang, omu mashuuma ga China. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 4jso5myab28r4dk7s32agrn2m7e0zt5 7240694 7240693 2026-07-06T07:16:16Z Elivis256 2609238 /* 7.1 Ebigyendererwa n'obuhango' */ 7240694 wikitext text/x-wiki = [[File:Water_development_program_and_IHE_Delft_logos.png|147x147px]] [[File:Sfr2cc_climate_resilience_logo.jpg|108x108px]] = ''EKITABO KY'OKUKORESHA AMAIZI AHA FARMU OMU KITUNDU KYA MAZIBA, KIGEZI' = ''1. OKUTAMBURA AMAZI OMU MAZIBA SUB-CATCHMENT''' = = ''0.1 Ekikwatiraine niki?'' ' = 'ekicweeka'' (oba omwanya gw'amaizi) n'ekicweeka ky'eitaka ryona ekirikurundaana enjura n'amaizi kuruga omu mwanya ogurikwetengwa (omugyera, enyanja, n'ebirara). Omuri Maziba, enjura yoona erikugwa aha nshozi n'amahamba (ekicweeka ky'amaizi) ekahwaho erikuraba omu migyera y'amaizi, erikuriisa Kagera/enyanja ya Victoria (Saturday et al. , 2015). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, abahingi b'aha rushozi haihi n'amaizi, ku barikubaasa kuboneza ebibira nainga okuhinga eitaka ry'amabaare hatariho buffers, nibasindika ebisharara hamwe n'eby'okurya omu maizi, ebirikuteganisa abantu abari haihi n'eibiikiro ry'amaizi. N'ahabw'ekyo, enkuba neeza ahaiguru, erikuraba ahagati n'ahansi, kandi erikuruga omu maizi, erikureeta okwiirira, ebyetaago by'omu maka hamwe n'eby'obuhangwa bw'ensi omu muhanda. = ''1.2 Enjura Eihunga Emitendera y'okutaaha''' = Enkora y'okutebekanisa amaizi omu myanya y'okwihiramu amaizi neekoresa ebintu ebirikugyenda omu maisho n'ebirikugyenda omu maisho. <math display="inline">P - ET - Q = \mathrm{\Delta}S + \mathrm{\Delta}G + \mathrm{\Delta}W</math> ahu ''P'''' n'okugwa kw'enjura, ''Q'' n'okushuka kw'amaizi, ''ET'' n'okushuka kw'amaizi, ''D'S'' n'empindahinduka omu itaka/amaizi g'ahansi, ''G'' [[File:Simplified_partitioning_of_rainfall.png|443x443px]] Ekishushani:1 Okwegaita kw'enjura (P) omu nkoragana y'amaizi eya Q, E, hamwe n'okugibiika/okugibiika omu nkoragana y'amai ''Runoff drivers on slopes:'' Steeper slopes generate faster runoff because water has less time to infiltrate and is more likely to erode soil. Maziba's terrain is very hilly (steep topography...results in high erosion potential, so gravity-driven runoff is strong. ''Eby'obuhangwa:''Eby'obuhangwa hamwe n'emirandira nibikyerereeza amaizi n'okureetaho entunguuka. Okutwarira hamwe, eitaka eriri ahansi y'ekibira n'obunyasi, niritwara amaizi juba kukira eitaka eritarikwetengwa. Ebintu ebirikuruga omu bimera hamwe n'ebihingwa, nibikoma eitaka omu bintu ebirikwetengwa, ekirikureetaho omwanya murungi gw'amaizi. Omuri Maziba, eitaka eririkukira obwingi n'eitaka ry'ebihingwa (ebihimba, ebitookye, ebihimba, n'ebirara) eririmu ebibira bikye. N'ahabw'ekyo, okureebeka ngu eitaka rikwetengwa, n'eky'omugasho omu kukyendeeza amaizi g'amaizi. ''Enkora y'amaizi okutaaha omu itaka:'' Amaizi nigategyekwa entuura hamwe n'entekateka. Entekateka y'eitaka, eitaka eririmu omusheenyi riine emifuregye mihango, n'ahabw'ekyo omu kutandika riine emifuregye mihango (obwire obwingi x3E;7. 6 mm/hr). Eitaka eririmu omusheenyi riine emifuregye mihango kandi niribaasa kukyendeeza okutaaha ahari x3C;1. 3 mm/hr. Eitaka rya Maziba riine emifuregye y'eitaka omu itaka (Nseka et al. , 2022), ekirikworeka Eitaka ryomire niryejunisa juba, kwonka nk'oku ririkwejunisa, omuhendo nigukyendeera kuhisya ahamutwe ogurikukirayo kukyerererwa. Omu bugufu, entunguka y'eitaka neetwarwa omwanya ogurikukirayo kukyerererwa (Johnson, 1963). Emeeza: Okutekateka kw'obushoboorozi bw'eitaka kurugirira aha mitendera y'eitaka hamwe n'eitaka. {| class="wikitable" !Soil Texture (HSG) !Land Cover/Condition !Infiltration Rate (mm/hr) |- |Sandy (Group A) |Forest/grass (loose) |&#x3E;8–15 (high) |- |Sandy (Group A) |Cropland (tilled) |~4–8 |- |Loamy (Group B/C) |Mixed vegetation |~3–6 |- |Loamy (Group B/C) |Compacted/bare |~1–3 |- |Clayey (Group D) |Vegetated |~1–3 |- |Clayey (Group D) |Cultivated (dry surface) |~0.2–1 (very low) |} Ebirikugambwaho ahaiguru nibyoreka ngu ''eitaka n'ebihingwa''' nibikorera hamwe: n'eitaka eririmu amabaare, niribaasa kukyendeeza munonga okutaaha omunda y'eitaka ku riraabe rikoresiibwe. Omuri Maziba, eitaka eriri ahansi y'eitaka eririmu ebimera birungi (nk'okureeberaho, ebicweka by'ebibira) niritaha omunda y'eitaka juba, kwonka = ''1.3 Ebirikureetaho Okugaruka omuri Maziba''' = Omu kicweka kya Maziba, ebintu bingi nibibaasa kurwanisa emifuregye n'okutsinduka kw'eitaka: * ''Slopes steepness:'' Ensozi ezirikukwata amaizi (okutuuka ahari ~25° n'okukiraho ahari ridges) nizikyendeeza amaizi. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu ebicweka bya Kigezi nka Maziba n'ebicweka ''hot spots'' ahabw'okushwekyerera amaizi. Omu by'okureeberaho, ebiragiro bya Uganda nibigamba ngu emishozi <3E;15% (nk'ebirikwingana na 8.5°) n'emishozi, ahu emishororongo hamwe n'okurinda kw'amaani kurikubaasa kuzi * ''Ebitongore by'eitaka hamwe n'okubiika:'' Ebihandiiko ebirikukwata ahari Maziba tibikye, kwonka okucondooza kw'omubyaro nikworeka oburugo bw'eitaka oburimu ebyoma by'eitaka (Nseka et al. , 2022). Eitaka ry'eitaka (ekibinja ky'amaizi ekya C/D) nirizibira munonga okutaahirira (obwire obwingi C3C;2 mm/hr (Brunner, 2026), n'ahabw'ekyo ebicweka nibirugwamu amaizi maingi buri njura kukira ebicweka by'eitaka. * ''Okugumya eitaka hamwe n'ebintu ebirikukwata aha itaka:''Okuhinga munonga hamwe n'okutambura kw'amatungo nikureetaho okugumya eitaka ry'ahaiguru. Okugumya eitaka ry'ahansi nainga ery'ahansi (ebirikukira kubaho ahabwa karboni w'eby'obuhangwa kukye) nikukyerereza amaizi okutaaha. Okucondooza okwakozirwe omwihanga nikuhamya ngu Maziba eine ''oburemeezi bw'abantu baingi, okutema emiti, hamwe n'okuhinga munonga'', byona ebirikureeta okushenya kw'eitaka hamwe n'okukyerererwa kw * '''Enkora y'okureeberera eitaka n'okurinda eitaka:'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Okutwarira hamwe, ''okwihaho kw'amaizi n'okw'amaani''''''okwihaho kw'amaizi'''''okwihaho kw'amaizi'''''okwihaho kw'amaizi''''''okwihaho kw'amaizi''''okwihaho kw'amaizi''''okwihaho kw'amaizi'''''okwihaho kw'amaizi'(Ndemere, 2018). <blockquote>''Embeera y'obwire hamwe n'enjura:'' Nk'oku kyagambirwe, enjura nyingi omu siizoni nkye, nereeta amaizi maingi. Abahingi bashemereire kumanya ngu amaizi maingi nigabaho omu njura za MarchMay na SeptemberNov (Saturday et al. , 2025). Okushushana kw'obwire (obwire bw'ekyanda n'obwire bw'obunyogovu) nikimanyisa okujanjaara n'obwire bw'okutaaha omu itaka: eitaka niriguma rigumire omu bwire bw'ekyanda, bwanyima rikatandika okutsya ama</blockquote> = ''1.4 Okucondooza kw'omurimo''' = Enkora egi erikukurataho neebaasisa abahingi n'abakozi b'eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa kukyendeeza ahonaaho omutindo gw'eitaka aha faamu. Ebi nibibaasa kukorwa n'ebikwato byorobi (omutegyeki, konteyina, ekyoma ky'eitaka, n'ebirara) kandi bikahandiikwa omu # ''Okuteebereza oburengye:''Pima oburengye bw'omwanya orikukoresa ''clinometer'' (inclinometer), app y'esimu ey'omungaro erimu omurimo gwa level, nainga omuringo gwa Rise over Run (teeka ekikopo kya level board nainga string aha buringwa oburikumanywa ## '''''Oburungi bwahansi:''''&#3C;3% (burungi) okubyara okwa buriijo kurabira omu mpindahinduka. ## ''''''Eky'oburyo:'''''315% kozesa okubyara ebishushani, ebishushani, n'ebishushani. ## ''''Steep:'''''&#3E;15% nibyetenga okurambura nainga obuhwezi bw&#39;ekitebe. Handiika oburengye omu bicweka ahari igana bwa buri # ''Runoff observation:''' Bwanyima y'enjura nyingi, reeba ahu amaizi garikutamburira hamwe n'okwiruka. Sima akatimba kakye k'okukyeberwa (3050 cm obuhango) aha rushozi, ozibire enkomerero emwe, kandi opimire amaizi agarikurundana nainga agarikurugaho omu bwire oburikwetengwa. Reeba omutindo gw'eitaka: reeba emifuregye (emikutu mikye) nainga empapura z'okutamburira. # ''Kyebera entekateka y'eitaka hamwe n'okushwekyerera:'' Aha myanya mikye,sima ekinnya kikye (~20 cm deep) oyetegyereze entekateka y'eitaka. Yetegyereze emitendera hamwe n'obwiire bw'ebikooko.Rundaana eitaka rikye reero osikyeberere mporampora: eitaka eririkucwekyereera, eririkucwekyereera nirirungi. Eitaka ryaba rikugumire, ririkuzibira juba, nainga ryaba riine okutangaara kw'eitaka nk'eibumba, entekateka Kozesa ''penetrometer y'omungaro''' (ku erikuba eriho) nainga omuggo gw'ebyoma ogurikwetengwa munonga: gyeza omu itaka eririmu orwezo, reeba oburemeezi bwa kg/cm2 nainga pawundi/in2 (nainga oburemeezi bwa cm2 oburikwetengwa. Okugumizamu kw'amaani munonga (nk'eky'okureeberaho ,&#3E;20003000 kPa) nikyoreka okukwatanisa. Reeba okubaho kw'oburemeezi nainga oburemeezi bukye (empinduka y' # ''Infiltration ring test:''' Teekaho ''infiltrometer'''' erikwetengwa orikuteeka empeta y'ekyoma (~2030 cm diameter) omuitaka (hammer it in 510 cm). Yiha amaizi maingi (eky'okureeberaho, obuziba bwa sentimita 5) omu mpeta kandi opime obwire bw'okuyiha omu mwanya mukye. Garukamu nainga ogarukemu omurundi gumwe. Okuteekaho empeta ibiri (empeta emwe omunda y'endiijo) nikirungi, kwonka empeta emwe neebaasa kworeka omuhendo. ## ''Fast''' (nk'eky'okureeberaho,&#x3E;10 mm/hr) erikwikiriza munonga. ## ''Moderate''' (210 mm/hr) okutaaha omunda. ## ''Slow'''' (&#x3C;2 mm/hr) oburemeezi oburikubaasa kubaho; teekateeka aha by'okukora. Handiika omuhendo ogupim # ''Okuhandiika ebirikukwataho:'' Kozesa emeeza yorobi kuhandiika ebirugiremu ahari buri mwanya ogurikworekwa. Nk'eky'okureeberaho: {| class="wikitable" !'''Site''' !'''Slope (%)''' !'''Land Use (Crop/Cover)''' !'''Penetrometer''' !'''Infiltration (mm/hr)''' !'''Soil Structure''' !'''Runoff Observed''' !'''Actions''' |- |1 |18 |Maize |2500 kPa |1.2 |Hardpan at 15 cm |Yes (rilling) |Needs terraces |- |2 |5 |Forest remnant |1500 kPa |12 |Granular |No |Good condition |- |3 |12 |Sweet potatoes |2000 kPa |3.5 |Some blockiness |Slightly (sheet) |Add mulch/cover |} ''Ebiragiro by'okusharaho ahonaaho''' Okuruga omu bihandiiko by'omumwanya, goberera ebiragiro byanguhi: # Orutindo rw'ahaiguru (&#x3E;15%): Ku oraabe otarikwetegyerezibwa munonga, kwombeka ebishengye nainga ebishengye by'omwata. # Orutindo oruri ahaiguru (315%): Kozesa enyiriri z'eitaka. Reeba ngu okoresa ebihingirwe ebirikwetengwa, okurinda eitaka. # Okutaaha omu itaka mpora mpora (&#x3C;12 mm/hr): Nikibaasa kukwatanisa nainga eitaka. Henda eitaka orikwihaho nainga okoresa eitaka # Okushara eitaka ahaiguru: Ku riraabe ririkushara eitaka (tihaine ebintu bingi ebirikubaasa kurundaana eitaka), gyezaho okushara kakye kandi ogume no # Okweyongyera kw'amaizi okureebeka: Hinga obunyasi nainga emigyera aha nkora yaayo, kandi oteekateekye aha bishengye bikye by'okukyebera amaizi g' # Okutaahamu okurikumara; okubikka: Ekibanja kyaba kirikworeka okutaahamu kw'amaani kandi kitarikwetomboita, enkora eriho obwahati neekumara; ok = ''2.'' '' ''BALANSI Y'AMAZIIGA N'EBYETENGYERO BY'AMAZIIGA'' '' = = ''2.1 Eitaka nk'enkora y'okubiika amaizi''' = Eitaka niribiika amaizi omu mwanya oguri ahagati y'ebicweka. Bwanyima y'enjura nainga okuhinga amaizi, amaizi agarikukira obwingi nigatwara amaizi g'omu itaka kuhisya obu eitaka ryahika aha field capacity (FC) amaizi amahango agarikuruga omu itaka, kandi amaizi agarikukwatwa emibugo gasigaireho (Datta et al. , 2017). Okweyongyera kwoma ahagati y'ebimera kurugwamu amaizi g'omumaisho (PWP) amaizi g'omu itaka nigakwatwa munonga (~1500 kPa) kandi emizi y'ebimera terikubaasa kugigura (Datta et al. Amaizi agarikukoresibwa ebihingirwe n'amaizi agari ahagati ya FC na PWP; ekirikushushana, 'amaizi agarikukoresibwa' (AWC nainga TAW) ni FC okwihaho PWP. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, eitaka ry'eitaka riine FC~2510% vol na PWP~1215% vol, n'ahabw'ekyo AWC ~1015% vol (Datta et al. , 2017) (Reeba omuzaano 1 okumanya omuhendo gw'obuhangwa. Amaizi g'omu itaka nigapimibwa kurabira omu kushwijuma gravimetric (okupima eby'okureeberaho by'omubitaka batakanyomire/bwanyima y'okwomya omuriro) hamwe n'emitwarize ya pressure-plate nainga sensa. Ebyoma by'okukoresa omu rabaratore nibibaasa kumanya FC na PWP aha bwimukiriro oburikwetengwa (-333 na -1500 kPa, kurugiriraho). Omu mwanya, ebyoma ebirikukwata aha bwingi (Time-domain reflectometry, capacitance probes) nibihereza ebirikushomwa; ebyoma ebirikukwata aha Orupanka 1 nirushoboorora omu bwijwire FC, PWP, hamwe na AWC ezirikujwekyera entuura y'eitaka nyingi (ebihandiiko kuruga omu USDA/oburugo bw'eitaka (Datta et al. , 2017). Ebitongore ebi nibyoreka: eitaka ry'omusheenyi niribaasa kuba riine FC=21% vol na WP=9% vol (AWC=12%), kwonka {| class="wikitable" !'''Texture''' !'''FC (% vol)''' !'''WP (% vol)''' !'''AWC (% vol)''' |- |Sand |10 |4 |6 |- |Sandy loam |21 |9 |12 |- |Loam |27 |12 |15 |- |Sandy clay loam |36 |16 |20 |- |Clay loam |29 |18 |11 |- |Clay |40 |22 |18 |} omuhendo gw'eitaka= FC; omwanya gw'okunyogoza ogw'obutwire = PWP; amaizi agari omu bimera= AWC= FCPWP ahabw'eitaka er = ''2.2 Ebika by'eitaka omuri Maziba''' = Ekicweka kya Maziba (Kigezi region, S.W. Uganda) kirimu ensozi n'ebibanda. Ebibiina by'eitaka ebirikukirayo oburungi ni Luvisols (~42%) hamwe na Acric Ferralsols (~31%) hamwe na Planosols (~22%) (Ndemere, 2018), ebirikworeka eitaka eririmu amaizi, eririmu asidi, eririmu amaizi marungi, eririkujanjaara munonga. # ''Eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka. Ebihingirwe ebiri ahaitaka ry'omusheenyi omuri Maziba, nibyetenga okwihirirwa nainga enjura; ebisharara hamwe n'eby'obuhangwa nibihwera okurinda obugimu. Ahabw'obutungi bukye, eitaka eri nirigasirwa omu kuhunduuza. Okuhinga kurungi n'okushereka omwitaka nikyetengwa okwetantara okurundaana n'okugwa kw'amaizi. # ''Eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka. Kwonka, enjura nyingi neebaasa kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika, eitaka ryaba riine amaizi marungi, kwonka riine amaizi marungi, n'obuhangwa burungi hamwe n'ebintu ebirikukwata aha magara g'omuntu. Okubiika eitaka hamwe n'ebishengye nibikora kihango omu kutandika kutandika kutandika. # ''Eitaka ry'aha rubaju rw'orushozi eririkwetengwa:'''Aha myanya y'ebibanda nainga engyendo za faamu, eitaka niribaasa kweyongyera (BD ~1. 51. 7 g/cm3 nainga ahaiguru), okukyendeeza emifuregye hamwe n'okutaaha. Eitaka nk'eryo niryoreka AWC nkye (emifuregye egwire) hamwe n'oburemeezi bwingi bw'okugwa. '''Okureberera:'''Okugarura busya nikitwariramu okusharamu emifuregye y'omu eitaka nainga emifuregye y'omu eitaka (nk. , kurabira omubinyasi nainga ebicoori) nikihwera okuhenda ebicweka ebirikuteerwaho obwire ku buraahweire. = ''2.3 Root Zone Water Management''' = Ebihingirwe ebirikukira obwingi omuri Maziba biine emizi mikye munonga (obwire obwingi 0.10.3m ahabw'ebicoori, emboga, ebinyeebwa), nahabwekyo eitaka eririkugaba amaizi rikye munonga. Omuzi mukye nigukwata amaizi makye munonga, nahabwekyo n'okukoresa amaizi omu muringo oguri ahaiguru nikukumaraho juba. Okuhinga (nainga enjura) kushemereire kuba nikukorwa buri kaire. 2 m root zone ne AWC ~10% vol neekwata 20 mm zonka ez'amaizi; 5 mm buriizooba ez'ebihingirwe nizikoresa 25% zaago omu eizooba rimwe, n'ahabw'ekyo okwitirira nikubaasa kwetengwa buri biro 34 omu bwire bw'okukoresa munonga. Oyihireho emizi, amaizi nigabaasa kuhika ahaiguru. Okuhika ahaiguru y'emizi nikukira kubaho omubihingirwe (okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho. , hamwe n'amaizi ag'omwonyo) nigabaasa kureeta omwonyo omu myanya y'ebikooko. Amaizi omu njura nyingi nainga okwitirira nigabaasa kurabira omu eitaka kurabira omu myanya y'ebikooko, emihanda y'ebikooko, nainga ebinnya by'ensiri, okugyenda juba omu eitaka eririkwetengwa munonga (okukoresa amaizi g'omwonyo). Okukoresa amaizi g'omwonyo, nikyetenga okukoresa omuringo gumwe n'okureeberera eitaka eririkwetengwa munonga (nk. , kurabira omu bihingwa by'okushereka. = ''2.4 Okutunguura entekateka y'eitaka''' = Enkora nungi y'eitaka neeyongyera amaizi, okwegaita, hamwe na AWC. Eby'okukora ebikuru nibitwariramu okwongyera eby'obuhangwa, okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka, okushoreka, n'ok * ''Eby'obuhangwa:''Okuteekamu orwezo, orwezo, nainga orwezo, mporampora nikweyongyera ahaby'obuhangwa by'eitaka (OM). OM erikukiraho neekwata amaizi kandi neetunguura okukwatanisa (omu muringo ogutahikire n'okureetaho AWC). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza kumwe kukashanga ngu okuteekamu orwezo orurimu omusheenyi ogurikwingana ebitundu 3350% eby'ebyokurya-ebisasiro (omubwingi) kik (N'obu ebishare by'okuhindura eitaka biri ahaiguru munonga, nibyoreka ngu n'okwongyera omutindo gw'eitaka, nikibaasa kukyendeeza amaani g'eitaka n'okwongyera amaani g'eitaka.) Omu kukoresa, okwongyera ~510 t/ha za komputa nainga orwezo buri mwaka, nikibaasa kutandika kutunguura ebyombeko omu bwire bwa sizooni 12 n'ebindi. Omu bwire bureingwa (35 emyaka), okukyebera eitaka nikyoreka ngu omutindo gw'eitaka niguky * ''Okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka:'''Okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka (no-till or low-till) nikireebeka nk'ekintu ky'omugasho kandi kizibira okutandika kw'ebishushani (plow pans). Okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka, nikikuuma eitaka okurekyera enjura n'okukyendeeza okusibira. Okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka nikiyamba eitaka (earthworms, emizi) okurinda emifuregye. * ''Ebihingirwe ebirikwetoroora:''Okuhinga ebihingirwe ebirikwetoroora nainga orwezo orurikutukura (okureeberaho, ebicoori, ebinyasi) ahagati y'ebihingirwe ebikuru, nikyongyera emihanda y'emirandira erikugumizamu hamwe n'ebirikwetoroora. Ebihingirwe ebirikwetoroora nibihwera omu kuhenda okwetoroora kw'eitaka, kandi ebisigaire nibyongyera OM. Omu myaka 23 y'okuhinga ebihingirwe ebirikwetoroora, eitaka niryoreka entunguuka omu OM (okureeberaho, +12% OM), okuky * ''Okwongyeramu orwezo:''Okujanjaaza orwezo oruherize kukorwa (omu mbuga, omu kiyungu, nainga omu faamu) reero orukwatanisa omu itaka ery'ahaiguru, nirureeta eby'obuhangwa ahonaaho. N'okukoresa orwezo rumwe (nk'eky'okureeberaho, 10 g/ha) nikibaasa kwongyera OM y'eitaka n'obucweka 0.51% kandi kikongyera amaizi omu itaka. Omu myanya y'omusheenyi, okwongyera ~23% or Omu bwingi, okucondooza kwingi nikuhamya ngu okwombeka OM nikukyendeza omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo ''Emitendera y'omugasho hamwe n'obwire:''' Ahonaaho, abahingi nibabaasa kukoresa omusiri gw'ebihingirwe nainga orwezo kureeba entunguuka nkye omu siizoni emwe. Okwihaho okuhinga okutarikwetengwa (no-till) nikutandika kurinda ebyombeko ahonaaho. Kwonka, okwombeka OM ey'amaani (n'empindahinduka empango omuri BD nainga AWC) buriijo nikyetenga sizoni nyingi. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza kworeka enkora em N'ahabw'ekyo, okutunguura entuura y'eitaka n'omuringo ogurikugyenda mporampora, kwonka emigasho y'okugaruraho amaizi n'okugarukamu (n'amasharuura g'ebihingirwe) neeyongyera buri mwaka. = ''2.5 Okukyebera Omutindi gw'eitaka''' = ''Enkora y'omu musiri:''Okugyezaho okurikukirayo obwangu n'okukyebera ngaro nainga ''okuhurira n'okureebeka''', omu muringo ogu omuhingi nashima eitaka rikye kuruga omu kicweka ky'ebikooko, reero arikushwijuma obunyogovu kurugirira aha kukwata n'okureebeka. Eitaka eririmu amaizi marungi, nirikora omupiira ogurimu amaizi ag'obugabe, kwonka ku rigumire, nirikora omupiira ogurimu obunyogovu bukye, kandi ku gukaba gwomire, nigugwa juba Enkora y'okucondooza eitaka erikukoresa engaro neehwera omu kwihaho eby'okukyeberwa hatariho kutaataaganisa. ''Okubaasa kukyeberwa kurungi, ''gravimetric method''' neekoresibwa: kurundaana eby'okukyeberwa, okubikyebera, okubikyeberera omu oven, n'okubiika omutindo gw'eitaka kurugirira aha bwingi. Eki nikiheereza eby'okukyeberwa ebihikire (kurabira omuri BD)'''(Morris&#26; Energy, 2006)'', kwonka nikyetenga ebyoma by'okukyebera hamwe ''Sensara hamwe n'ebyoma:'' Sensara ezirikukira kuteebwaho zirimu: * ''Tensiometers:'' Pima obushoboorozi bw'eitaka (suction) butunu. Tensiometer n'omukutu ogujuziibwemu amaizi, ogurimu akacweka k'eitaka hamwe n'ekipimo ky'obutabanguko. Nikigyenda omu maisho n'eitaka kugira ngu okushoma kwa gauge kworekye oburemeezi bw'eitaka. Tensiometers n'ez'omuhendo mukye (eza doora 50-150 buri emwe) kandi nizikora kurungi omu itaka ry'obutiti (080 cb), kwonka nizetenga okugarurwa busya ( * ''Ebikyeberwa by'obunyogovu bw'eitaka (ebikyeberwa by'amashanyarazi):' '' Ebi nibyeza amaizi agari omu eitaka kurugirira aha buremeezi bw'eitaka (capacity or TDR). Ebikyeberwa by'omutindo (okureeberaho , FDR, TDR) nibiba bihikire munonga (x3C; 1% enshobi yaaba ekyeberwa) kandi nibibaasa kukwatanisibwa aha bikyeberwa. Kwonka, nibishashurwa esente nyingi kandi nibyetenga okuteebwaho n'obwegy * ''Mita z'omungaro:'' 'Mita z'obunyogovu (analog nainga za digito) nazo ziriho. N'ez'omuhendo mukye kandi nizihereza VWC y'ahonaaho nainga oburemeezi aha nshonga. Obutuufu nibushushana, = ''OKUSHARURA AMAZI G'ENYANJA N'OKUGABIRA AMAZI AHA FARMU''' = ' Okusharuura amaizi nikushoboororwaho nk'okurundaana, okutwara, n'okubiika amaizi g'enjura g'okukoresa omu kuhinga eby'okurya (ebihingirwe by'ebyokurya, amarindiro, n'emiti), okutunga amatungo, n'okukoresa omu maka. Okushoroora, okusharuura amaizi g'enjura n'omuringo gw'okurundaana n'okutunguura omurimo gw'amaizi g'enjura n'okukyendeeza amaizi g'enjura agatarikukora. Eki nikitwariramu okurundaana amaizi g'enjura kuruga omu mwanya ogurikwetwariramu amaizi g'enjura Omu mikutu mikye, amaizi nigarundaanwa kuruga omu itaka eriri haihi n'emyanya y'obuhingi, kandi omu mikutu mikuru, amaizi amahango nigakoresibwa kurungi nainga nigaterekyerwamu okwitirira. Enjura eine enshonga ina: (1) enjura nereetaho okurundaana kw'amaizi, (2) aha bigyere by'emishozi, amaizi nigarundaana omu myanya y'ebisharara, (3) aha, amaizi agarikukira obwingi nigeeshereka kandi gabiikwa omu myanya y'ebisharara, kandi (4) bwanyima y'okwemerera, amaizi agaterekirwe nigarindwa.<blockquote>''3.1 Ebicweka by'enkora y'okureeberera amaizi g'enjura omu by'obuhingi'' Enkora yoona y'okushorooza amaizi erimu emyanya y'okushorooza amaizi (oburugo bw'amaizi), engyenderwaho y'okutwara amaizi, hamwe n'okubiika hamwe n'okukoresa. Emyanya y'okushorooza amaizi erimu emyanya y [[File:Components_of_pond_system.png|490x490px]]</blockquote>''Ekishushani 1: Ebicweka by'enkora y'okushorooza amaizi g'enjura (Maimbo et al., 2007)' = ''3.1 Emyanya y'okureeberaho hamwe n'ebishengye''' = Ekigyendererwa kya kontur Bunds and Terraces n'okukyendeeza emifuregye, okurinda obutagatsi bw'eitaka, okukyendeeza okutsinduka kw'eitaka, n'okugarura busya amaizi g'ahansi aha musiri ogurikwera. Kontur bunds hamwe na terrace systems nizikyendeeza amaizi g'aha rushozi, okugyema amaizi kuza omu bidiba n'okwejumba (Rusoke et al. , 2000). Eitaka rya Maziba eririkwera hamwe n'enjura nyingi nibirugwamu okufeerwa eitaka ry'amaani hamwe n'okugwa kw'amaizi. Nibashemereire munonga omu myanya ya Maziba erikwera kandi nibabaasa kukoresibwa omu buhingi oburikumara omwaka gumwe na gumwe. nobu haaba hariho ekyanda, eitaka eririmu amashanyarazi, nirishagika okukura kw'ebihingirwe kumara obwire bureingwa. ''Enkora hamwe n'obuhango bwa Bondo''' Bunda buriijo ziine ekicweka kya trapezoidal: obugazi bwa crest ni 0.250.3 m, obugazi bwa base ni 0.81.0 m, n'oburaingwa ni 0.30.5 m (oburengye bw'amabaare nibukye munonga) (Government of Uganda, 2016). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, ekiragiro kimwe n'oburaingwa bwa bund oburi nka 0.25 m, oburengye bwa 25 m, oburengye bw'amabaare n'oburengye bwa 1:1 (Government of Uganda, 2016). Tie ridges or beckers (small cross-bunds ~23 m long) nizibaasa kugabanya eitaka omu micro-catchments, okukyendeeza obwire bw'okutambura kw'obusingye ahagati ya bundi (Shinte&#26; Chavan, 2018a). Ebintu ebirikukoresibwa buriijo n'eitaka (oba amabaare g'amabaare). Orukarara rwa 3.1 nirugyeragyeranisa emiringo ya bondi: {| class="wikitable" !'''Bund Type''' !'''Materials''' !'''Typical Size''' !'''Cost''' !'''Notes''' |- |Earthen Contour Bund |Excavated soil (on-site) |Height 0.25–0.5 m, base 0.8–1.0 m |Low |Simple, all-labor; requires compaction; suitable slopes ≤10%. |- |Stone/rock Bund |Local stones &#x26; soil |Height 0.3–0.5 m, base ~1 m |Med |More durable, costly (materials, labor); good on steeper sites. |- |Bench Terraces |Earthen bench + cut terrace |Bench width ≥1 m, height 0.3–0.5 m |Med-High |For steeper slopes (&#x3E;10%), heavy excavation and high labour. |- |Graded (Fanya Juu) |Cut + throw downslope |As above, with the down-slope face |Low |Upslope cut, downslope bund; good for reversible field irrigation. |} ''Emisingye ya inginiya'' Emyanya y'eitaka neekora nk'eibiikiro ry'amaizi ery'akanya kakye. Ahabw'okwongyera aha muhanda gw'amaizi n'okubiika amaizi, nibongyera obwire bw'okutaaha omunda. Emyanya y'eitaka erikwetengwa kurungi neetandikaho ebyoma bikye. Omwanya oguri ahaiguru n'ahaiguru nigugyenda omu maisho: emyanya y'eitaka erikwetengwa n'emyanya mihango (1020 m), kwonka emyanya y'eitaka erikwetengwa n'emyanya y'eitaka buri mita 5 Emifuregye y'amaizi nainga emifuregye y'amaizi (emifuregye mikye erimu ebimera) neebaasa kuba neeyetengwa omumwanya mureingwa, okubaasa kutwara amaizi agarikurengaho kurungi. ''Okuronda omwanya'' Teeka aha myanya y'oburengye (210%). Yetantare emyanya y'ahansi, ahu amaizi garikubaasa kurundaana ahaiguru y'obwiire bw'eitaka; yetantare emyanya eri haihi n'emigyera y'amabaare. Toorana emyanya y'eitaka eririmu amaizi marungi (eitaka eririmu amabaare g'eitaka) hamwe n'eitaka eririkwetengwa munonga, kugira ngu okorekye kurungi. Eitaka rishemereire kuhikaana n'emitendera y'obuhangwa. ''Emitendera y'okwombeka'' (1) Reeba enyiriri z'eitaka n'omutindo gw'orunyiriri. (2) Sima ekinnya kitari ky'amaani ekya V- nainga U-nk'omutindo gw'orunyiriri; teeka ahansi erikwetoroora ahari zero. (3) Kozesa eitaka ry'okushara kukora enju y'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'oruny (6) Ku orikukoresa emifuregye, shaba ebiina bikye (80 × 80 × 40 cm) aha nsharo z'eitaka, kandi okozese eitaka eryo kukora emifuregye. ''Okutereeza'' Kyebera ebibanda bwanyima y'enjura nyingi. Yihaho nainga otereeza emyanya yoona erikuba eri ahaiguru ahonaaho; ogarukye otereeza emyanya yoona ei amatungo garikutamburira. Buri mwaka (nk'eky'okureeberaho, omu bwire bw'enjura, etakatandikire), yihaho ebicweka ebirikwetengwa. Kyebera emyanya y'okwihaho amaizi (ku haraabe hariho) kandi oyiheho omucuucu. Ebihingirwe bishemereire kukorwaho: obumwe omwata ni burungi kurinda eitaka, kwonka omwata nainga emiti mingi aha bibanda nibibaasa kurugwamu emifuregye ''Enshohoza/omugasho''' Okukoresa amabaare, nikitwara esente nkye. Okukoresa amabaare (okukoresa engaro) nikitwara esente nkye, okwihaho abakozi, kwonka ebyoma nainga amabaare nibitwara esente nyingi. Okukoresa amabaare nikitwara esente nkye (510% aha nshohoza y'okubanza. Omugasho gurimu okweyongyera kw'ebihingirwe (Embuto/oburo n'ebirara) hamwe n'okukyendeeza munonga oku ''Obugabe n'Enyamaishwa:''Rinda abantu hamwe n'amatungo kuruga ahansi y'ebibanda hamwe n'emyanya y'okwihaho amaizi, ahabw'okuba okugwa kw'ebigyere n'ebigyere nikubaasa kuhenda ekirikuzibira (Stephens, 2010). Okukinga nikubaasa kurinda ebibanda. Kureetaho emyanya y'okwihaho ama ''Eby'obuhangwa nibikwata aha buhangwa bw'ensi:'''Ebitongore ebirikujunanizibwa aha buhangwa nibikuuma eitaka kandi bikyendeeza amabaare omu migyera, birinda ebisharara hamwe n'emigyera. Nibihindura kakye omu nkoresa y'amaizi, ekirikubaasa kuba eky'omugasho, amaizi garikweyongyera ku garikweyongyera. Oyetantare ''Ebirikworeka okurondooza:'' Bwanyima y'okutandikaho, korondoora emihendo y'eitaka erikuhwerekyerera ahansi, obunyogovu bw'eitaka omu myanya erikuzingirwe, amaani g'ebihingirwe/amasharuura ahagati y'eitaka, hamwe n'okukyendera kw'eitaka. Rondoora oburungi bw = ''3.2 Micro-Catchments, Trenches&#x26; Negarims''' = Teeka amaizi agarikuruga omu maizi omu bibanda bikye, okureetaho emiti, ebisaka, nainga ebihingirwe omu myanya y'ekyanda. Ebihingirwe bikye (nk'eky'okureeberaho, ebisharara bya Negarim, V-trenches, semi-circular pits) nibikwata enjura kuruga omu mwanya oguri haihi, omu bisharara hamwe n'ebisharara, ekirikureetaho okutaahirira omu mizi (Government of Uganda, ''Obukuru bw'omukyanga'' Omu myanya ya Maziba ey'emishozi, amaizi makye (nk'eya Negarim) nigabaasa kucungura emiti emito nainga emiti y'omuhendo gw'ahaiguru kuruga omu bwire bw'ekyanda kurabira omu myanya yaabo. Ahabw'embeera y'obwire eya Maziba eya ~18 °C hamwe n'enjura y'emirundi ebiri (Saturday et al. , 2025), ebisharara ebi nibibaasa kubiika buri kintu kyona ekirikubaasika ''Emitwarize n'entekateka'' Ebishushani ebirikukira kukoresibwa harimu (a) ''Negarim (ebishengye bya dayimanda):'' 'ebishengye by'ekika kya dayimanda (~1050 m2) n'ekinnya kikye ky'okutaaha omunda (~2040 cm) aha kashonda kakye (Government of Uganda, 2016). ''Ebikondo by'ebishengye' ~0. 250. 4 m oburengye (<0. 25 m, emishororongo ~1:1) nibitwara amaizi. (b) ''Semi-circular or V-shaped basins:'' 'ebishengye ebirikwingura ebirikurengaho 4m deep) nizibaasa kusimbwa aha konturuti buri 210m, n'ebinnya bikye by'okubyara emiti (Government of Uganda, 2016). Orukarara rwa 3.3 nirugyeragyeranisa emiringo y'okukwata amaizi makye (Government of Uganda, 2016): {| class="wikitable" !Type !Catchment area !Pit size !Bund height !Slope limit !Cost !Use |- |Negarim (diamond) |10–100 m² per basin |20–40 cm deep |≥25–40 cm (bund) |up to ~5% |Low–Med |Fruit trees, fodder shrubs on dry land. |- |V/Semi-circular basin |5–50 m² (per unit) |20–40 cm deep |≥25 cm |≤5% |Low |Individual trees; small homestead pits. |- |Diamond (closed) |as above |20–40 cm |≥25 cm |≤5% |Low |More storage, small blocks of trees. |- |Contour trenches |strips between bunds |30–60 cm (deep) |Bund as needed (tie ridges) |≤15% |Low |Drainage across fields, crops on either side. |} ''Emisingye ya inginiya:'''Enkora ezi zoona nizigyenderera 'okusharuura' amaizi agarikuruga omu itaka kurabira omu kwongyera omwanya ogurikukwatagana (ebisharara ebirikwetoroora) hamwe n'okutuubya omutindo gw'amaizi. Amaizi agabiikirwe nigatemba omu mizi y'omu itaka. Ahabw'okugira ngu enjura ya Maziba neebaasa kuba nyingi, ebisharara/ebisharara bishemereire kukora aha maizi agarikuruga omu itaka agarikumara obwire bukye (ebiteekateeko by'eihunga ry'edakiika 510). ''Okuronda omwanya'' Toorana eitaka eririkwetoroora mporampora (&#x3C;58%) kwonka ritari rya buringaniza. Obuziba bw'eitaka bushemereire kuba oburikwingana mita 1.5 (emirandira neeyetenga). Yetantare oburikwetoroora amaizi aheeru y'ekishengye. Aha mwanya ogurikwetoroora munonga, kozesa V-catchments (ekirikwetoroora aha mbaju). Aha buri micro-catchment, reeba ngu hariho ekishengye kikye ekirikwetoroora ''Emitendera y'okwombeka:'' (1) Siimura ebimera aha mwanya ogurikwetorwamu amaizi. (2) Kozesa enyiriri kuragurira enyiriri. (3) Sima eitaka ry'ebikondo n'ebikondo omuri buri kicweka: sima ekikondo ahakona y'ekishengye, oyongyere eitaka kukora ebikondo okwetorora enyiriri, okwetorora kurungi. (4) Siimura ebikondo nk'oku orikwenda (~0. 250. 4 m) n'obugazi bwa haiguru oburikwingana na 0. 25 m. Siba ekinnya, kandi osigeho orwezo waaba oriho. (6) Aha minzaano mihango, teeka enyiriri z'omurongo gumwe hamwe n'obucweeka bw'omurongo ogurikukurataho. Oyongyereho orwezo rw'okushara ahaiguru y'orwezo, kyaba nikyetengyesa. ''Okugarura busya:'' Kyebera ebiina/ebikungu kare omu bwire bw'enjura. Bwanyima y'enjura y'amaani, kebera ebirikubaasa kuhenda ebiragyiro: garura busya ebiragyiro ahonaaho obwo orikwombeka ekituga n'okubiika. Yiihaho ebisharara ebiijwire ekituga (kuuma oburengye bw'ekituga). Rwanisa omwata nainga ebihingirwe okwetorora ekituga. Enkora y'eitaka erikwesherekwa eririkwiguraho neeyetenga okureebererwa kukye kukira amaizi agahikire, kwonka amaizi makye nigagasirwa omu kuboneza buri mwaka hamwe n'okutambura kw'eitaka kukagaruraho omuringo gw'okubanza. ''Okwerinda n'amatungo:''Rinda emisiri mikye kuruga omu nyamaishwa (okuteera ebikomera, abarinzi b'emiti). Aha bisharara ebihango, kwetantara kureka amatungo gatamburira omu biina nainga okwiruka aha bisharara. Ebikwato by'okwiirira ebiteirweho ebikomera, bishemereire kukoresibwa omu mwanya gw'okureka ente = ''3.3 Ebidiba bya faamu hamwe n'ebidiba bikye''' = Ekigyendererwa ky'ebidiba bya faamu hamwe n'ebidiba bikye n'okukwata amaizi maingi g'amaizi g'omu faamu, okwitirira, okuriisa amatungo n'ebyenyanja. Ebidiba bya faamu (ebidiba ebirikwombekwa nainga ebidiba by'eitaka) nibibiika amaizi omu bwire bw'ekyanda. Nibishemeza ''Eky'omugasho omu byaro:''' Omu byaro bya Maziba, ebidiba bikye nibibaasa kuheereza amaizi kurabira omu bwire bw'ekyanda obu emigyera erikuhweera. Ebidiba nibibaasa kukwata ebisharara kuruga omu misiri kandi bikakora nk'oburugo bw'amaizi g'ebyenyanja nainga amatungo. Ahabw'enjura ya mm 1000 buri mwaka, ekidiba ekiteirwe kurungi niki ''Emitwarize n'ebiragiro by'okukora'' Emiringo eshatu eya buriijo (1) Ekidiba ky'amaizi: Ekirikwombekwa ahansi y'eitaka. (2) Ekidiba ky'amaizi: Okwombeka ekidiba ky'eitaka omu kicweka ky'eitaka. (3) Ekidiba ky'amaizi: Ekidiba ky'amaizi ekirikwombekwa omu mbaju (nk'ekidiba ky'amaizi; kitari kya buriijo). Ekidiba ky'amaizi nikyo kirikukirayo oburungi buri mita. ''Ebicweka ebikuru eby'okukora'' Ebintu ebikuru ebirikwetengwa kukora dizayini birimu: # ''Obushoboorozi n'obuzito:''Reeba ngu omuhendo niguhikaana n'ebyetengo by'okwitirira/amatungo. Aha bihingwa ebirikubaho obwire buraingwa nainga ebyenyanja, rinda obuziba bw'amaizi oburikwingana n'ebicweka bina (1.2 m) omu bidiba ebirikukira obwingi. Obuziba obutarikukira obwingi bwa 1-1.5 m aha daamu ya freebord; obuziba oburikw # ''Dam/Embankment:''Hight = normal water depth + freeboard (security; typically, +0. 5 m). Waaba nookora daamu (embankment pond), emishororongo y'aha rubaju neekira kuba 2:1 (horizontal: vertical) nainga erikwetoroora ahabw'obutebekana. Oburaingwa bwa Crest ~0. 81. 0 m okuhikaho. Ekikondo ky'amaani (emishororongo y'eibumba etarikurabwamu) nikihaburwa # ''Inlet/Catchment:''Ziiha ahu amaizi g'obuhangwa garikubaasa kutwarwa omu payipu. Otakombeka aha migyera mihango etarikuhwaho okwihaho orusa rw'ekitongore (okuzibira okushandara kw'amaizi) rwatungirwe; reberera emigyera mikye nainga emigyera etarikureebeka. Ekicweka ky' # ''Omwanya gw'okucwekyereza amaizi:''Gushemereire kutwara kurungi amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g' Nk'ekiragiro, kora emihanda y'okwihaho amaizi erikubaasa kurabira omu muyaga ogurikukira kubaho (110 years return) hatariho kusisikara (United States Natural Resources Conservation, 1981). # ''Liner:''Ahaitaka eririkwetengwa kurungi (esande/amabaare maingi), rambura ahansi y'ekidiba okukyendeeza okujanjaara kw'amaizi. Eby'okureeberaho: eibumba eririkwetengwa (ery'esente nkye munonga, niribaasa kushatuka ku rikwoma), ebaruha y'obuveera erikuremeera (eya geomembrane, ey'omuhendo gw'ahaiguru/ey'oburungi bukye), nainga simenti (ey'ebihorooni). {| class="wikitable" !'''Spillway Type''' !'''Materials''' !'''Capacity''' !'''Slope''' !'''Cost''' !'''Notes''' |- |Earth/grass chute |Compacted soil + grass |Moderate (10-yr flood) |≤10% |Low |Needs wide channel; easy, erosion risk if vegetation fails (United States Natural Resources Conservation, 1981) |- |Concrete drop-inlet |Concrete weir + pipe |High (safe for large storms) |Vertical drop + riser |High |Durable; can use a trash rack to keep out debris; requires engineering. |- |Pipe spillway |HDPE or steel pipe |Moderate |N/A (buried) |Med |Handles small flows; must ensure anti-seep collars and trash racks. |} (Ekishushani 3.1 nikyoreka ekicweka ky'ekidiba ekiri aha rubaju rw'enyanja.) ''Okuronda omwanya:''Ronda omwanya ogurimu oburemeezi bw'obuhangwa nainga ekicweka kikye. Omwanya gw'ahansi gushemereire kuba gutarikutamburira (kyebera okutaahirira nainga kusima ebituga by'okugezesa). Yetantare emyanya erikutemba munonga (&#x3C;4:1 sides). Ku haakuba hatariho omwanya gw&#x3C;ebidiba by&#x3C;obuhangwa, ebidiba ebirikwombekwa ahaitaka ry&#x3C;. Omwanya tigushemereire kwijuza ebisharara ebiriho nainga kutwara emifuregye y'amaizi (okurinda okufuruka kw'ebyenyanja hamwe n'obugabe bw'amaizi). ''Emitendera y'okwombeka (Ekiziba ky'amaizi):''''' (1) Sima ekinnya ahagati y'ekidiba kuhisya ahakitebe ekitarikutamburira amaizi, ojwize enyima n'ekidiba ky'eibumba. (2) Yombeka ekidiba obwo orikuta eitaka omu bitafaari, orikwombeka buri kitafaari. (3) Shope dam slopes (2:1 or flatter) and crest width ~0.81 m. (4) Yombeka omuhanda gw'okwihaho amaizi. (5) Hendera enshonda z'eitaka, osimbe obunyasi, okuzibira okutsinduka kw'eitaka. (6) Jjuza ekidiba (enjura/okushandara kw'amaizi nainga omugyera oguhindukire). Aha ''ebidiba ebirikwombekwa'''' (tihaine daamu): Sima okuhika aha buziba oburikugyenda omu maisho (1-1. 5 kuhisya ku 1:3 enjuyi) ahabw'okwerinda. Nobaasa kukoresa ebicweka ebirikwombekwa kwombeka ekidiba kikye eky'aheeru. Reeba ngu omukutu gw'amaizi g' ''Okugarura busya:''Bwanyima ya buri njura, kyondooza daamu, omwanya ogurikutwarwamu amaizi, hamwe n'emyanya y'okunywamu amaizi. Ogarureho emyanya y'okunywamu amaizi ahonaaho (garuraho eitaka). Ogarureho emyanya y'okunywamu amaizi. Obwire n'obwire (nk'eky'okureeberaho , buri mwaka), kyondooza ebituuro by'enyamaishwa nainga ebimera ebirikutaaha omu daamu (eby'akabi) kandi oihemu emizi. Eby'okurya byaba biine oburugo, kyombeka ekidiba ky'okunywa, okuzibira ok 5 neeyoreka eky'okureeberaho kya karenda y'okugarura busya. ''Ebyokwerinda n'Eby'amahamba:''Hinga omwanya, okurinda enyamaishwa n'abaana okuruga aha rubaju rwa daamu hamwe n'emyanya y'amabaare.Hingaho omwanya gw'okwihirira amaizi g'enyamaishwa (nk'okureeberaho, okwihirira n'ebikondo bya siminti) omu mwanya gw'okwikiriza enyamaishwa kuguruka omu muringo ogurikwetengwa.Omwanya gw'okwihirira gushemereire kurekyerera ahu gurikubaasa ''Eby'obuhangwa bw'ensi:'' Ebidiba nibihindura amaizi agarikuruga omu maize g'omunda omu faamu, ekirikukira obwingi nikirungi (okukyerererwa kw'amaizi g'omunda, amaizi g'omunda kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka. Kwonka, ebidiba nibibaasa kukyendeeza amaizi agarikuruga omu maize g'omunda; abateekateeki bashemereire kutereeza okubiika hamwe n'okurinda amaizi g'omunda. ''Ebirikworeka okurondoora:''Rondoora omutindo gw'amaizi hamwe n'okukoresa. Ebirikworeka ebikuru ni: okukoresa emihanda y'okwihaho amaizi (oburengye), omuhendo gw'amaizi (shemereire kukyendeeza ahanyima y'okushutama), hamwe n'omuhendo gw'okwongyera kw'ebisharara (ekipimirwe okurugiirira aha kuhwaho kw'amaizi). Kwonka pima okugaruka kwejumba n'okukoresa: ekidiba ekikozirwe kurungi = ''3.4 Enshonga ezirikukwata aha buhangwa bw'ensi, ebyokwerinda, hamwe n'ebisharara''' = Ekigyendererwa n'okureeba ngu ebyombeko byona tibirikubi (kandi nibirungi) eby'obuhangwa bya Maziba (ebisharara, emigyera) hamwe n'amagara g'abantu. ''Eby'omutaano omu byaro:''Ekicweka kya Maziba kirimu ebisharara hamwe n'emigyera y'amaani aha bantu hamwe n'enyamaishwa. Okuteekateekyera kurungi kushemereire kuzibira okushenyuka kw'amaizi n'okusiisikara kw'amaizi aga. Kandi, n'enjura nyingi hamwe n'eitaka ry'amaani, okuremwa kw'omurundi ''Wetland/Hydrology Principles:'' Okugumizamu n'emirimo y'obuhangwa y'amaizi: buffer strips (obunyasi nainga ebimera by'obuhangwa) zishemereire kuba aha nsharo z'ebisharara hamwe n'emyanya y'okwihiramu amaizi okurabamu ebiriisa hamwe n'ebisharara (Stephens, 2010b). Oyetantare okwiha amaizi kuruga omu bisharara ebirikwetengwa. Kozesa ebyombeko by'okwihiramu (bunds/trenches) kugarura busya amaizi, omu mwanya gw'okwiha amaizi omu bisharara. ''Okwerinda&#x26; Okwerinda amatungo:' # ''Okusimba orugo n'okuhika aha bintu:''Rinda enyanja ezirikwera, emyanya y'okwihaho amaizi, hamwe n'okusiba ebikondo nainga okubyara okurinda abantu n'ebintu byabo. Amaziba nainga # ''Obumanyiso bw'okurabura:'' Ku haraabe hariho ebidiba ebirikuhingura mita emwe omu maizi, teekaho obupande n'emidaara. Ebyombeko ebikozirwe abantu bishemereire kuba bita # ''Emiti/Hedges:'' Otabyara emiti aha mifuregye y'ebibanda nainga ahamiti y'ebibanda (emirandira neebaasa kureetaho emihanda y'okutamburira # ''Emihanda y'oburemeezi:'' Teekaho emihanda y'oburemeezi aha mwanya oguri ahaiguru kandi etarikukwata aha maka, okwetantara amaizi g'omunda ''Ebirikuteganisa eby'obuhangwa'' Ebyarugiremu nibitwariramu okweyongyera kw'amaizi n'okurinda eitaka. Ebyarugiremu nibikwatiraine n'okwombeka, kandi nibibaasa kukyendeezibwa kurabira omukukyebera eby'obuhangwa, okukoresa ebiina ebirikwetengwa kurungi (okugarura busya bwanyima y'okusima), n'okwetantara amaizi agatarikubaasa = ''3.5 Okuta omu nkora, enteekateeka y'okureeberera&#x26; Okucondooza'''' = <blockquote>''Rukarara rw'okukyebera okuta omu nkora''' Buri kitongore ky'okusharuura amaizi, reeba ngu: abantu b'omubyaro nibagura (abahingi/abantu b'omubyaro), nibatendekwa aha by'okwombeka, hamwe n'okukoresa eby'okukoresa eby'omubyaro. Kora okushwijuma eitaka kukirikubaasika ''Ebirikworeka okurondoora''' Oyihireho obubonero oburikukwata ahabyombeko ahaiguru, ebirikworeka byona birimu: omwanya ogweyongyeire ogw'okwitirirwa omu myezi y'ekyanda, amaizi g'ahansi gakye, n'okukyendera kw'ebihingirwe omu myaka y'ekyanda. Okukora okucondooza ahaby'amasharu ''Kalenda y'okureeberera''' Okugarura busya ebintu omu bwire, nikikureetera ebyoma kukora kurungi. Tabule 3.6 ahansi n'eky'okureeberaho ky'ebiro by'okugarura busya ebintu (</blockquote>[[File:Maintenance_calendar_example.png|410x410px]] ''Ekishushani:'' Eky'okureeberaho eky'obwire bw'okureeberera. Kyebera ebidiba/ebikondo bwanyima y'obwire bw'ekyanda (FebruaryMar) kandi otereeza enjura etakahikire. Kyerera amaizi g'ekidiba bwanyima = ''4. OKUHINGWA KWA CONTURE N'OKURWANYIZA OKUSHANGA EITIIKA''' = = ''4.1 Enkora y'obuhingi n'oburiisa (Okuhinga n'okuriisa omu myanya)''' = Okuhinga okw'omutaano nikimanyisa okubyara nainga okuhinga 'ahanima y'emitendera' (contours) aha rushozi (Friday, 1999). Contours n'emitendera y'ahaiguru etarikugyenda ahaiguru nainga ahansi y'orushozi. Ebihingirwe nainga ebirikuzibira kasasiro (hedges, grass strips, piles) nibiteebwaho 'ahanima y'emitendera'. Bwanyima y'obwire, eki nikyombeka omwanya mukye (wash-out or front terrace) oguri ahaiguru y'ekintu kyona ekirikuzibira, ekirikworeka oburengye burungi n'okukyendeeza okugwa kw'eitaka. Ebihingirwe by'omunda (okuhinga, okubyara, n'okushara ahaiguru y'eitaka) nibyongyera kuremesa emihanda y'okutamburira. ''Key effect:'' nikyendeeza ''Ebikwatiraine n'ebyaro: ''Abahingi ba Maziba' nibahinga ebihingirwe (ebicoori, ebihimba, ebitookye, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n' ''Obuhabuzi bw'emishororongo:''Okuhinga kw'emishororongo nikuragiirwa aha myanya y'emishororongo. Emishororongo (&#x3C;35%), tikirikwetengyesa kuhingwa, kandi emishororongo (&#x3E;2030%) neebaasa kwetenga enkora y'amaani ''Design and Spacing:'' Teekaho enyiriri n'ebikwato byorobi (Friday, 1999). Ebirikuzibira nibiteebwaho omu bwire butari bwa buriijo. Ekiragiro ky'okubanza n'ekya '''23 m vertical drop''''' ahagati y'ebibanda. Ahamugongo gwa 20%, 2 m vertical nikishushana na 10 m horizontale. Emyanya ehango (48 m vertical) ekyayamba, kwonka haihi (23 m) niyo erikukirayo kukora gye (Friday, 1999). E.g., omusiri gwa 15% nigubaasa kuba n'ebirikuzibira enyiriri ~1013 m. 0 m obugazi) obw'obuhangwa burikugumaho aharurengo (Orwakataano, 1999). ''Emitwarize y'oburemeezi:' # Ebihingirwe eby'obuhangwa (NVS): Reka 0.5-1.0m zitakozirwe aha nshonda (Orwakataano, 1999). Ebihingirwe/Imperata nibikura juba, bikora ebicweka by'okucondooza (emitwarize y'ebisasiro) ebirikukwata ebisharara (Orwakataano, 1999). Ebishare/abakozi bakye; tibarikwetengwa kubyara. Nibitwara eitaka (okufeerwa # Enguuto z'omwata: Biika omwata ogurikwera munonga (Napier, Vetiver, guinea grass) omu kicweka. Kumara emyaka 12 egi, nizikora emiti y'obutwire # Cut Trash Lines: Heap rice stalks, maize stover, or brush along contour (0. 51 m width) as a temporary wash-stop. Pin small stakes in place. (Enikora kurungi omu misiri erikwetengwa munonga. ''Okutereeza'' Okurinda enyiriri z'ebihingwa. Bwanyima y'okuhinga n'okusharuura, reboona ebipande: okugarura busya ebiina, okwihaho omwata, ogarukye okwihaho kasasiro ku ogarugyemu. Aha nkora y'ebihingwa, ogarukye ebiina, okuzibira amaizi kuruga aha rubaju rw'ebihingwa. Ebihingwa bishemereire kusharwa buri mwaka (okukira munonga ahanyima y'enjura) okureeba ngu biruga omu mifuregye kandi bikoresa eby'obuhangwa. ''Ebirikworeka okurondoora''' Okukyerererwa kw'eitaka kushemereire kukyeberwa kurugiirira aha mihanda y'oburyo. Teekaho akacweka kakye k'amaizi/okukyerererwa kw'eitaka (nk'eky'okureeberaho, 2x10 m) karimu tanka y'okushorooza amaizi n'oburemeezi bw'eitaka ahanyima y'enjura nyingi. Kozesa emitego y'eitaka nainga akakiiko k'okukyebera enyima y'akacweka k'eitaka. Wandiika obucweeka bw'eitaka n'obwingi bw'ebimera aha mifuregye. Eby'okureeberaho ebikuru: okugwa kw'eitaka (t/ha/yr), obuziba bw'amaizi (% y'enjura), okusharamu kw'omutwe gw'eitaka, hamwe n'omuhendo gw'obuhangwa. Enkora: okupima ahanyima y'omuyaga gw'amaani bukiri kare, bwanyima y'okusharuura buri kwezi nainga bwanyima y'okusharuura. Akatabo k'okureeba omutindo gw'amaizi omu mifuregye nainga emitego. = ''4.2 Okuronda <span class="mark">(Okukora eitaka hamwe n'okushutama aha ntebe)</span>''' = Ebishengye n'ebyombeko ebirikurinda eitaka ebyombekirwe aha nshonda y'eitaka, okukyendeeza ahanguuto z'amaizi, okurwanisa okushenyuka kw'eitaka, n'okureeba ngu amaizi garuga omu itaka eririkwetoroora. Bigaita emyanya emihango omu bicweka bikye, ekirikutuma amaizi garekyera aho kushenyuka. Ebishengye nibikoresibwa mun ''Emitwarize ya teraasi erikukirayo ni::' # ''Fanya-Chinese Terraces:''Fanya-chini (throw soil downwards) terraces nizombekwa barikwombeka ekituga omu mwanya gw'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka. # ''Fanya-Juu Terraces:'''Fanya-juu (throw soil upwards) terraces nizikorwa obwo orikwombeka ekidiba n'okusuula eitaka eryasimbirwe aha rushozi okureetaho orushozi. Orushozi nirukwata eitaka eririkutamburira ahansi, mporampora nirikuza omu mwanya ogurikwetengwa. Zirikukira kukoresibwa aha rushozi or # ''Bench terraces (Stone or Earth):''' Bench terraces n'ebishaayi ebirikugyenda omu maisho aha rushozi. Nibikira kwombekwa aha rushozi rw'amabaare, kandi bigumizemu n'ebisenge by'amabaare. Omu myanya y'enshozi nk'ebyaro bya Uganda, abahingi nibakira kwombeka emyanya mikye y'amabaare, kugira ngu babaase kuhinga aha mwanya gw'amabaare. ''Enkora''' Buri teresi nekyendeeza oburaingwa bw'orutindo, n'ahabw'ekyo amaizi kuruga ahaiguru nigajanjaara omu mwanya ogurikwetoroora. Orutindo/oburugo nibukyendeeza amaizi, ekirikureeta okutaaha. Teresi nizikwata eitaka aha rubaju rw'orutindo rw'ahaiguru kandi zikizibira okugwa. Enguuto z'amaizi ezirikwetoroora kurungi (emikutu mikye nainga emyanya y'ahansi) nizitwara amaizi agarikurenga ahagati y'orutindo. ''Ebitongore by'omugongo hamwe n'emyanya''' Ebishengye nibikoresibwa aha bisharara ebirikwingana nka 1510% (817°), nobu haraabe hariho enkora ehindwirwe (ebisharara ebitarikwetegyerezibwa) ebirikubaasa kutandika ahari ~510%. Aha bisharara ebirikwetegyerezibwa (510%), ekishengye kimwe ekyahansi nikimara, kwonka aha bisharara ebirikwingana 20%, ebishengye ebirikwetegyerezibwa 12 m drop (vertical {| class="wikitable" !Land slope (%) !Vertical Interval (m) !Horizontal Interval (m) !Trench width (m) !Trench depth (m) |- |5 |1.00 |20 |0.50 |0.25 |- |10 |1.35 |14 |0.50 |0.30 |- |15 |1.73 |12 |0.50 |0.35 |- |20 |1.80 |9 |0.50 |0.40 |} (Oburugo: Thomas 1997, nk'oku kyagambirwe omu Ugandan extension (Rusoke et al., 2000) ''Okukora n'okwombeka:' # ''Ebitebekanisibwe:'' Shoborora okugwa kw'omutindo okurikwenda (nk'okureeberaho, 12 m). Aha mutindo gwa 12%, oguri ~1217 m omubwiire (reeba emmeeza). # ''Dig trench:'' Okukoresa ekyoma nainga ekikondo,sima ekinnya kitari ky'amaani kurugirira aha nshonda (ahansi ekirikwetoroora). Aha fanya-juu,kozesa ekiina ky'omu mifuregye kukora ekiina ky # ''Embankment:'' Koora orutindo orurikugyenda omu maisho (embankment) orurikugyenda omu maisho n'omugyera, orikugyenda mporampora (omu maisho 1:1 kuhika ahansi) okukwata amaizi. Aha ntebe z # ''Emyanya y'okwihiramu amaizi:'' Buri mwanya mukye (nainga ahamuheru),sima omwanya mukye (ogurimu obunyasi) okureka amaizi agarikurengaho okurugaho gatarikuhika aha rubaju. Emyanya y'okwihiriramu amaizi eyahansi (okureeberaho, ahamwanya gwa mita 101 # ''Okutebekanisa:''Obwire butari bwa hare,byara ekikondo kya buri mbeho (omu maisho) n'obunyasi nainga emigaati ya Napier kugikwata. Aha myanya y'okushutama,obunyasi bwa Napier ahamwanya gwa mita em ''Okugarura busya:'' Kyebera bwanyima y'eihunga. Yihaho enjatika n'okugarura busya ebicweka ebirikucwekyerezibwa. Yihaho oburengye oburikworekyerera oburikworekyerera oburikworekyerera oburikworekyerera oburikworekyerera oburikwor ''Cost/Benefit:'' Kikaba nikitwariramu abakozi baingi kandi nikitwara esente nyingi omu kutandika. Ebishengye by'aha ntebe nibibaasa kutwara abantu 50-100 buri hekita. Kwonka, nibihayo emigasho mingi: okufeerwa eitaka nikubaasa kukyendeera n'obucweka 83% kandi amasharuura nigabuuka munonga aha misiri eyabaire etungirwe. (Nk'eky'okureeberaho, fanya-ju aine ekidiba kya sentimita 30 ekyarugiremu amasharuura g'ebicoori 49 ''Okwetegyerezibwa:'' Okukoresa ebipangisa nikikora kurungi ahamwanya oguri ahagati kuhika ahamwanya oguri ahaiguru (1030%) ahu enkora y'omurembe etarikumara. Ahamwanya oguri ahaiguru (&#x3C;10%) nikikira kuba kitarikwetengwa (nobu haraabe hariho ''Eky'okugarukamu ky'akabi ahari Gullies:'' Teresi zishemereire kukwatanisibwa n'oburyo bw'okuzibira okushara omutwe. Teresi ku erikutandika kushatuka omu mwaro, kwombeka akabibo kakye k'amabaare nainga ebikondo aha mwanya ogwo (reeba ekicweka 4.4). Buriijo teekamu emifuregye erikusharamu amaizi kuruga aha teresi ezitar = ''4.3 Ebizibira eby'obuhangwa (Napier, Vetiver, Hedges)''' = Ebihingwa ebirikuzibira n'emiringo y'obunyasi, ebisaka, nainga emiti eyateirwe omu mwanya ogurikwetengwa. Obunyasi bwa Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) hamwe na Vetivre (Chrysopogon zizanides) nibukira kureebeka. Ebikondo byabyo ebigumire hamwe n'ebikooko byabyo eby'omunda nibikora ebikondo by'okureeberaho. Obunyasi ku burikuhika aha kishaka kya kiragala, nibujanjaara kandi bukyendera; ebisharara nibirugaho, kandi ebikooko nibisiba eitaka (Truong et al. , 2008). 5m. Zombi niziruga omu musiri ogurikwetwa organic mulch (cuttings) ogurikutunguura obugimu. ''Abavugi b'omubyaro:''Abahingi nibetenga ebyokurya by'enyamaishwa hamwe n'okurwanisa okushenyuka kw'omutindo. Napier yaaherize kuhinga ebyokurya by'enyamaishwa; okugigaita omu bishengye nikikora emirimo ebiri. Vetiver (omu byaro erikwetwa Pratu omu bicweka bya Uganda) neetunguurwa ahabw ''Dizayini hamwe n'obufuregye:''Ebihingirwe by'ebihingirwe aha nshonda, birimu ebihingirwe aha rubaju rumwe na rumwe. Eky'okureeberaho: rekaho ekicweka kya mita 0.5-1.0 kandi ebihingirwe byetorokane mita 0.5-1.0 omu runyiriri (kukora ekizibiti ky'amaani). Ebiragiro by'okwongyeraho nibyoreka ngu buri runyiriri ruratana mita 0.1 ahaitaka eririkucwekyerezibwa (kandi n'okuhika mita 1.5-2.0 ahaitaka eririkwetengwa) (Truong et al. , 2008). 5 m apart, rows separated by 23 m. Ekikuru n'okukora ekisiika ekirikubaho ekitarikushatuka. Ebika by'omuddo ebirikukira: Pennisetum purpureum (Napier), panicum maximum (guinea grass), hamwe n'ebindi. ''Okwombeka:'' Funa ebikookye ebirikubaasa kukora gye. Biba aha kutandika kw'enjura. Okweyongyera, shindika ebikookye ebirikwingana sentimita 510 omu eitaka (tihaine eitaka ery'ahaiguru eririkwetengwa) omu runyiriri. Aha Napier, ebikookye nibisereberera omu mifuregye nainga ebituga. Okubyara juba okwetoroora ebisiika n'eky'omugasho. ''Okutereeza:''Tema buri myezi 36 (nainga bwanyima y'okusharuura) okuzibira okushereka ebihingirwe ebirikwetorwaire hamwe n'okukoresa nk'ebihingirwe/eby'okurya. Okurinda omwanya ogutarimu obunyasi (ekicweeka kikye) okureeta amaizi agarikurengaho kurungi. Garuka os ''Okwetegyerezibwa:''Ebihome ebirikuba biine amagara nibikora haihi aha mwanya gwona ogurikuza kuhika ahari 30%, omuitaka ryona (nobu ryaba riri ery'amabaare makye). Tibirikukoresibwa munonga aha mwanya gw'amabaare g'amabaare (emiti niyo erikukirayo oburungi. Napier neeyetenga obunyogovu n'obutungi bw'eitaka; nikigumisiriza eitaka ''Monitoring Indicators:'' Kyebera kureeba ngu enyiriri z'ekibira zikiriho (tizirikushatuka). Pima oburaingwa nainga obucweeka bw'omwata (target closed canopy). Okweyongyera kw'obutafaari obwakwatsirwe omu maisho g'ekibira (okukoresa emitego y'obutafaari) nikyoreka ngu nibukora. Kyebera okubaho (% plants alive) n'okubara kurungi buri mita y'ekibira. = ''4.4 Check-Dams and Gully Stabilization''' = Check-dams n'oburemeezi bukye oburikwombekwa kurabira omu mikutu nainga emifuregye okukyendeeza amaizi n'okukwata ebisharara (obumwe omu runyiriri). Nibukyendeeza obwire bw'okuguruka hamwe n'amaani g'okushwekyerera, ekirikureetera amaizi okushwekyerera mporampora (Desta&#26; Adunga, 2012). Ebika ebirikukira kubaho: amabaare/amabaare g'amabaare, gabions (emboga z'amabaare eziijwire amabaare), sandbag dams, ''Okukoresa:'' Check-dams nizikoresibwa omu mifuregye hamwe n'emigyera eriho. Aha mifuregye etakaatandikire, kozesa ebintu eby'akanya kakye (brush nainga sandbags). Aha mifuregye mihango, kw'ombeka amabaare agaatarikuhwaho nainga gabion dams. Buriijo otaandike okugumya ''Ebiragiro by'okukora: ''Ekizibiti ky'okukyebera nikikira kuba kiine omwanya ogurikwetwa 0.30.5m kandi nikikora nk'omuringo gwa trapezoidal. Oburaingwa bw'ekizibiti nikikira kuba ~0.51.5m kurugirira aha buhango bw'omugyera. Omwanya gw'ekizibiti gushemereire kuba 1.52x oburaingwa bwakyo, kugira ngu kigume gitegyekye. Teeka ebizibiti omu myanya, kugira ngu omwanya gw'ekicweka kimwe gube ogurikwingana n'omwanya gw'ekindi ekirikukurataho (eki nikire daamu y'oburaingwa bwa mita 5 neebaasa kuba eri mita 12 ahaiguru y'omugyera ogurikukurataho (Desta 26; Adunga, 2012). * Eibikiro ry'amabaare eririkusharurwa: Teeka amabaare ahaiguru y'omugyera, ogaasibire hamwe. Jjuza ebituga n'eitaka. Reeba ngu * Gabion dam: Ebikyebe by'amabaare (~1 ×0. 5 ×0. 5 m) ebijwire amabaare, bikateerwa ahaiguru erikwetengwa. Bita ekibbo ekiri ahansi omu mwanya gw'omugyera kuzibira okutema. Gabions nizibaasa kurundaanwa bwanyima nk'oku ebisharara birikwegaita (D * Sandbag/Bamboo dam: enshaho za kilo 50 eziijwire eitaka (oba bamboo mats) eziteirwe omu mitendera (34 layers) nizikora daamu y'esente nkye (Desta&#x26; Adunga, * Brushwood dam: Ebikondo/ebikondo okurabira omu mikutu n'ebikondo. Nikwata ebisharara birungi (Desta&#x26; Adunga, 2012). Okukyerererwa (okuvunda omuri ~1 year) kukoresa okuk ''Okugarura busya:'' Kyebera ahanyima y'enjura y'amaani y'okubanza. Yihaho omusita ogukwasirwe enyima y'ebibinja by'amaizi ku guraabe gwahika aha rurengo rw'ekikondo (okureeba ngu haabaho amaizi). Jjuza amaizi goona agarikuruga omu maizi nainga ag ''Cost/Benefit:'' Amabiira g'amabaare hamwe n'aga gabion nigatwara obwire buraingwa (emyaka 10+) kwonka nigatwara abakozi n'ebikozesebwa (okutwara amabaare, okwombeka ebitebe). Amabiira g'omusheenyi hamwe n'ag'ebikondo n'ag'ebbeeyi y'ahansi (ebintu ebiriho omwihanga) kwonka nigatwara obwire bukye (12 emyaka). Omu bwire bw'akabi munonga, nibikiriza eitaka ry'okuhingamu kukoresibwa ahonaaho, kwonka omu bwire bureingwa. Omugasho niguyimiriza okukura kw'ebisharara; ebisharara ebitari kw'egyendesibwa ''Emergency Gully Response:''' Ku ogire ngu omuzinga guriyo nigucwekyerezibwa munonga, okukora ahonaaho n'eky'omugasho. Eky'okubanza, ''kyusa amaizi g'omuzinga''' kuruga omu mufuregye obwo orikusima omwanya mukye ogurikucwekyerera amaizi. Ekirikukurataho, siba omutwe gw'omuzinga: teekamu ebikondo, emiti, nainga enshaho z'omusheenyi kurabira omutwe gw'omuzinga kugukyerereza. Ahonaaho teekamu '''''obwire bukye check-dams''''' (ensha Emitunga ku erikweyongyera kukyendeera, gihindure nainga gihamye n'amabaare nainga ebibondo. Ebisharara by'ebihingirwe: byara emiti nainga ebitookye haihi n'emigongo y'ebihingirwe, kugira ngu okorese eitaka. Okukora mporampora kuruga ahaiguru kuza ahansi: buri kihome nikikyendeeza amaani, ekirikwikiriza ekicweka ekindi ekiri ahansi y'ebihingirwe kukorwa. ''Okwetegyerezibwa:'' Amabaare/ebikondo nibirungi omu myanya mihango nainga ey'obutwire, okukira munonga omu byondo nainga amabaare gagumire. Sandbag/brush dam nibirungi omu myanya mikye nainga emito ahaitaka rigumire. Boona nibetenga abakozi, kw ''Monitoring Indicators:'' Bwanyima y'okutaho enkora, rondooza yaaba ekituga kigumire. Indicators: eitaka niryombeka enyima y'ebibinja (ebirikubaasa kugyeragyeranisibwa n'enguuto), okugaziya enjuyi kurekyeera, n'ebimera bigarukamu aha rubaju. Kyebera ngu ebibinja bikiriho bwanyima ya buri njura y'amaani. Kozesa ebikondo by'okutsinduka kw'eitaka nainga ekyoma ky'okukyebera omwanya. , teeka omuggo ahamutwe gw'omugyera kandi ohandiike omwanya gwagwo ogurikworekyerera aha mushana gw'ekihome bwanyima y'eihunga. = ''4.5 Okukyebera, okugarura busya, hamwe n'ebiragiro by'akabi''' = ''Okucondooza buriijo:''Gumizamu nooshwijuma oburungi bw'okuzibira okutsinduka. Enkora enkuru: # ''Ebitongore ebirikworeka okushandara kw'eitaka:'' Teekaho akatongore kakye akarikwetengwa (nk'eky'okureeberaho, 2x5 m) aha rushozi orurikujwekyera. Pima okushandara kw'eitaka (kworundaana omu tanka erikwetengwa) hamwe n' # ''Ground Cover:'' Buri siizoni,teebereza omutindo gw'ebimera aha terraces hamwe n'ebizibira (010%). Okushereka okuri ahansi ya ~ 70% nikyoreka akabi k'okutsinduka. # ''Gully/Headcut Surveys:'' Aha bipande by'ebishushani ebirikworekwa (kozesa GPS stakes), kwata ebishushani bya digito ahaiguru n'ahansi y'ebishaayi buri mwaka kuhandiika empindahinduka. Pima oburengye bw # ''Sediment Traps:'' Teeka emitego eyombekirwe ekigyendererwa (nk'eky'okureeberaho, akabokisi ka mita 0.5 x0.5 akazikirwe kurungi, n'omwanya ogurimu ebituga) ahansi y' # ''Infiltration Tests:'' Kozesa ebyoma ebirikwetegyereza empeta (simple cut metal rings) okupima entaaniso y'oburemeezi ahagati y'emyanya erikutambirwa hamwe n ''Okukyebera okurinda:''Bwanyima ya buri kihuumura ky'amaani, rebeebera ebyombeko byona: obushomankuzi omu bishengye, oburugo obwahendekire, hamwe n'oburugo bw'okukyebera oburi ahaiguru. Jjuza obushomankuzi ahonaaho. = ''5. OBUKURUZI BW'EBYOKURYA N'OKUKWERINDA AMAIZI''' = = ''5.1 Enguuto z'eby'okurya omuri Maziba''' = Maziba n'omwanya gw'amaizi oguri ahaiguru munonga (722 km2, 1,7602,488 m) omu bisharara by'e Kigezi (Saturday et al. , 2025). Ebicweka nka 85% by'abantu b'omukyanga nibahinga eby'okurya (ebicoori, ebitookye, ebitookye n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebihingwa (Saturday et al. , 2025) , ekirikureka eitaka riri aha kabi k'okutsinduka n'okufeerwa Enjura y'amaani aha myanya y'amabaare neetuma eitaka riguruka, n'eitaka rigwa, ekirikureeta ebyokurya omu migyera hamwe n'ebisharara. # ''Surface runoff''' N (okukira munonga nitrate na ammonium) hamwe na P nizitwarwa omu maizi g'omu itaka kandi zikakwatanisa n'eitaka erikuhwerekyerera. Ebicweka nka 7083% ebya N na P ebirikuferwa omu runooga nibiza kubaho bwanyima y'obutwire bukye bw'okugyemesa (Zeng et al. , 2021). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza omu myanya y'ebihingwabya kushangire 28 kg N/ha·yr hamwe na 1.2 kg P/ha·yr ezirikuferwa kurabira omu runooga (Zeng et # ''Leaching''' nitrate erikusisika nikigyenda ahansi omu maizi g'ahansi nainga tiles drainages omu njura nyingi nainga okwitirira. Omuitaka eririmu obukooko (obw'omusheenyi nainga oburengye) hamwe n'enjura nyingi, nitrate nyingi (hamwe na ammonium ezimwe) nizibaasa kugyenda ahansi y'ebikooko. Omuhanda ogu ni mukuru munonga omu siizoni ezitarikukura (okureeberaho, ebisigaire by'ebicoori nibibaasa kureka nitrate omu nkura y'amaizi omu siizoni y'obunyogovu. # ''Volatilization''' omwika gwa amoniya (NH3) niguferwa kuruga omu urea nainga orwezo orurikukoresibwa ahaiguru omu mbeera y'obutagasi n'obuhangwa bw'ahaiguru. Hatariho kwegaita, 10-30% bwa urea-N nigubaasa kuferwa. Okuferwa kwa amoniya nikubaho kuruga omu orwezo rw'amatungo hamwe n'ebisigaire by'e # ''Okucendeeza amaizi''' ahansi y'eitaka eririmu amaizi nainga eririkuteganisibwa (ekirikukira kubaho omu bisharara nainga omu misiri y'emigabi), obukooko bw'eitaka nibuhindura nitrate omu mwuka gwa N2 nainga N2O, nibufeerwa N. Enkora egi neebaasa kutaana munonga # ''Erosion/sediment transport'''' okwihaho eitaka omu mubiri nikitwara N na P bikakwatanisa n'obutundutundu. Ahabw'okugira ngu P nyingi neekwata aha ttaka, ekicweka kihango ky'okufeerwa kwa P (~7090%) nikibaho n'ebitundutundu (Zeng et al. , 2021). Nitrogen erikukwatanisa n'ebitundutundu (organic-N, ammonium) nayo neeguzibwa ahe Ebishushani by'obwire omuri Maziba nibyoreka enkuba y'emiringo ebiri: amaizi agarikukira obwingi hamwe n'ebyokurya ebirikuruga omu itaka nibibaho omu bwire bubiri obw'obunyogovu. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza okwakozirwe obwahati, kukareetaho oburemeezi bwingi bw'ebishushushu n'ebyokurya omu bwire bw'okwakana/Ogwokutaano na Okwaikumi na kumwe (obwiire bwingi bwanyima y'okubyara). Ebishushushu omu bwire bw'ekyanda nibikye munonga, kwonka bikye munonga. [[File:Nutrient_input_and_fate_diagram.png|480x480px]] ''Ekifaananyi 1:'''Ebyokurya nibigyenda omu maisho kuruga omu musiri kuza omu bihingwa hamwe n'obuhangwa bw'ensi. Nitrogen (N) neetaha omu eitaka kuruga omu bigimusa nainga orwezo, reero neetwarwa ebihingirwe nainga neebura kurabira omu kukyendeeza amaizi. Phosphorus (P) kuruga omu bigimusa nikyo kimwe omu eitaka, ekirikusinga kutwarwa ebihingirwe nainga neebura kurabira omu bigimusa. Ebisharara hamwe n' = ''5.2 Ebirikuruga omu kufeerwa eby'okurya''' = Okukyerererwa kw'eby'okurya omuri Maziba nikushiisha eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa hamwe n'obuhangwa bw'ekyanga. Eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa birimu okukyendeera kw'obutungi bw'eitaka, okukyendeera kw'amasharuura, hamwe n'okushashurwa kw'ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu buhingi n'oburiisa. Omu misiri ya Maziba, eki nikimanyisa ngu amasharuura g'ebicoori n'ebitookye nigaija kuba makye, okwihaho okugira ngu hariho orwezo rw'amaani. Ebintu ebirikuteganisa eby'obuhangwa nibirugamu, N na P kubarikuruga omu misiri, kandi bikashiisha amaizi. Maziba neetwara amaizi omu bisharara bya Rwanda, kandi bwanyima, enyanja Nalubaale, n'ahabw'ekyo, amaizi g'eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa nigareetaho okukura kw'ebimera omu byanga. N na P ezirikukira obwingi, nizikoresa omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'om Ebintu ebi bikaita ebyenyanja, amaizi g'okunywa gakahwerekyerera, kandi biketenga okuyonja okw'omuhendo gw'ahaiguru. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu amaizi g'omumatemba ga Victoria haihi n'eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa omu ndembo gaine oburemeezi bw'ebintu ebirikutokooza eby'obuhangwa, ekirikureetaho okurugaho kw'amaizi g'abantu n'enyamaishwa, n'okwongyera aha nshohoza y'amaizi. Ebirugyemu nibibaasa kubaho omu bisharara bya Maziba eby'ahansi y'enyanja ku ogire ngu ti Ebisharara ebirikucwekyerezibwa, tibirikubaasa kwihaho ebintu ebirikutokooza kurungi, ekirikuremesa eby'obuhangwa kurwanisa okucwekyerera. ''5.3 Enkora y'ebigimusa etarimu kabi''' Okuzibira okufeerwa, abahingi bashemereire kukoresa 'okwongyera aha nkora y'ebigimusa'. * ''Okwongyera orwezo omurundi gumwe,'' omu mwanya gw'okwongyera orwezo omurundi gumwe, gwongyera omurundi gumwe (nk'eky'okureeberaho, dose emwe omu kubyara, emwe omu by'obuhangwa). Okugaita N na P nikihamya ngu ebiriisa nibihika omu bwire bw'obuhangwa bw'ebihingirwe, kikyendeeza okushuka n'okugwa. Omu Uganda, abakugu omu by'obuhangwa nibahaburira okugaita ekicweka kya DAP omu kubyara n'ekicweka ky'okubanza. Okucondooza omuri burugwa izooba Nk'eky'okureeberaho, amasharuura g'ebicoori omu kugyezaho kumwe gakayongyera kuruga ahari ~18 kuhika ahari 2225 enshaho buri yiika ahanyima y'okukyebera eitaka hamwe n'okusiiga orwezo. Okusiiga orwezo kushemereire kugarukwamu abakozi, kwonka nikishashura ahabw'okukyendeeza okufeerwa. * ''Obwire bw'enjura:''Koresa orwezo n'enjura. Siba orwezo enjura etakatandikire (kwonka yetantare emiyaga mingi) kugira ngu ebiriisa bigyende omu myanya y'emirandira omu mwanya gw'okushutama ahaiguru. Oyetantare kusiba Urea enjura etakatandikire, ekirikureetera Urea okushuka n'okugwa. Ku kiraabe nikibaasika, kozesa okuteebereza kw'obwire nainga enkora y'enjura y'omubyaro: omuri Maziba, enjura nyingi nizitandika omu kwezi kwa kashatu, n'ahabw'ekyo okubyara n'okukozesa P kushemere Ebihingirwe by'okushereka omu bwire obutari bwa sizooni nabyo nibibaasa kukwata eitaka erisigaireho. * ''Incorporation/Placement:'' Bury or band fertiliser near roots. Okutamu (okugaita) orwezo omuitaka kurabira omukuhinga nainga orwezo, nikicendeeza okukwatanisa n'eizooba hamwe n'omuyaga, kikyendeeza okuhindahinduka kwa amoniya. Okutambuza orwezo ahaitaka eritaine busha nikyo kirikusinga kushiisha. Okutamu orwezo omu bands nainga Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okukoresa NPK omu biina by'okuteekaho obuziba bwa sentimita 25 (micro-dosing) kworeka okukora kurungi omu kukyeberwa omuringo gumwe ogurikuheereza doozi nkye (26 g buri mushozi) omu biina by'okubyara, nigureetaho amasharuura 2080% okukira emihanda y'okuheereza. * ''okukyebera eitaka hamwe n'okutebeekanisa embariirira y'eby'okurya:'' Okukyebera eitaka otakatungire orwezo,kyebera eitaka okureeba PH hamwe n'omutindo gw'eby'okurya. Eitaka eririmu asidi (ekirikukira kubaho omu Uganda) rikinga phosphorus, ekirikureetera okurabya P kutakora gye. Okukyebera PH nainga ebiriisa kurungi nikwebembera emihendo y'eitaka nainga orwezo. Okukyebera eitaka omuri Uganda tikukye, kwonka abakugu omu by' , emihendo y'okwihaho): nk'eky'okureeberaho, okukora 5 t/ha z'ebicoori, noobaasa kwetenga ~100 kg N/ha na 30 kg P/ha; oburemeezi bw'okwongyera kufeerwa N/P. Ekiragiro ky'ebihimba ekya National Fertilizer Policy (2016) nikishaba okwongyera omuhendo gw'eby'okurya ahari 50 kg nutrients/ha kuzibira eibura ry'ebihimba, kwonka nikigyenderera okukoresa emihendo erikuhikaana n'okukyebera eitaka hamwe n'amasharuura * ''Ebikwato by'okuhwera omu kusharamu:''Koresa ebikwato nka Leaf Color Chart (LCC) nainga apps za simu ezirikuteebereza ebyetaago by'ebihingirwe bya N kurugirira aha busya bw'ebihingirwe nainga ebihandiiko by'eitaka. Ebi nibibaasa kuhwera abahingi bakye kusharamu kukoresa eby'okushaba. N'obu abahingi bakye omu Uganda barikukoresa DST ezirikwetengwa, obuheereza n'ebitongore by'obwannakye, nibibaasa kutaho ebiragiro byorobi (okureeberaho = ''5.4 Riparian Buffer Zones''' = Ebihingirwe aha rubaju rw'emigyera n'omuringo oguhamiibwe ogurikubaasa kukwata ebiriisa n'okureetaho obutebekana. Omu Uganda, ebiragiro by'ebisharara/emigyera nibiragiira ''m 30m protected strips''' aha migyera emingi. Nituhabura okuheereza ekitiinisa (nainga okukira) omutindo ogu: nk'eky'okureeberaho, ahaitaka ry'eitaka eririkwera, buffer ya mita 2030 aha rubaju rw'emigyera; ahaitaka erikwera nainga erikubaasa kusisikara munonga, bu ''Enkora ya bufa: Bufa y'emiringo mingi niyo erikukirayo oburungi:' # ''In-stream bank zone (03 m):''Byara ebikozeso by'okureeberaho (okureeberaho, obunyasi oburikwetengwa, ebitookye, empap # ''Middle zone (310 m):''Obunyasi bwingi n'ebisaka (okureeberaho, obunyasi bwa Napier, Vernonia amygdalina, Azolla/Pistia omu myanya y'ebisharara) nibukora omutego gw'ebisharara hamwe n'ekipimo ky'eby' # ''Outer forest zone (1030 m+):'' emiti n'ebishaka ebirikuzaarwa nibikwata ebiriisa kandi nibiheereza ekisiibo n'obutuuro. Ebi nibibaasa kuba birimu emiti y'ekisiibo, emiti y'ebijuma [https://www.cifor-icraf.org/knowledge/publication/32103/#:~:text=use%20in%20buffer%20zone%20agroforestry%2C,Areas%20for%20further (Kasolo &#x26; Temu, 2008)]. Ebihingirwe bishemereire kuba eby'obuhangwa kwenda kuhwera eby'obuhangwa. Ebihingirwe ebitari bya buriijo (okureeberaho, Eucalyptus) tibirikwikirizibwa omu bisharara. Okureeberera nikitwariramu okubyara obutoosha, okurwanisa omwata, n'okuzibira okwosya. Omu myaka 23 y'okubanza, ebihingirwe ebikye (n'okukira munonga eby'omwata) bishemereire kuhindurwa. Bwanyima y'okureebeka, # ''Okwihaho amatungo:'' Buffer zooni zishemereire kutebwaho ekikomera okurekyeraho okuriisa. Ebiragiro bya Uganda nibizibira kurima nainga okutaahirira omumyanya y'okurinda emigyera ya mita 30 (Government of Uganda, 2000), ekirikworeka ngu nibyetenga ebikomera nainga ensharo ezindi. Okutema ekikomera nikizibira ente okutemba aha rubaju rw'amaizi n'okureeka omu migyera. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu okurekyeraho amatungo nikibaasa kukyendeeza obukookookooko bwa bakitiriya omu migyera ya ~ 60% (medi # ''Ebiragiro n'obutegyeki:'' 'Emigyera mingi eri ahaitaka ry'abantu boona nainga ery'abantu buntu. Okuta omu nkora buffers nikyetenga okutangaaza aha bugabe bw'eitaka. Omuri Maziba, omuhimbo gw'okugarukanisa ebyetengo bya buffer omu nteekateeka z'okukoresa eitaka. Obushagiki bwa Gavumenti (kurabira omu ofiisi za Disiturikiti ez'obuhangwa bw'ensi, 2000) nibubaasa kuhwera omu kutaho ekiragiro kya 30m (okureeberaho , kurabira omu nurseries za NFA). Ehururu z'okumanyisa abantu nizetengwa kugira ngu abahingi bamanye ebyetengo by' = ''5.5 Okureeberera amatungo n'emigyera''' = Eby'okuriisa n'okuriisa amatungo nibibaasa kureetaho amaizi maingi. Ebikuru ebirikuhaburwa aha faamu za Maziba ezitarikushushana (ah'ente, embuzi n'empunu zirikukira kuriisa * ''Oburugo oburikwetegyerezibwa:'' Teeka omu nkora okuriisa okw'okuhindura nainga okuriisa kwa paddock, okwetantara okukoresa kubi emyanya y'aha rubaju rw'enyanja. Amaterekyero g'okuhuumura nigakiriza ebimera kugaruka omu ntebe, okukyendeeza ahitaka eririkwetengwa. Ku kirikubaasika, gumaho amatungo omu miriro mirungi, kandi oteme ebyokurya by'enyamaishwa (okuriisa enju) * ''Stream Fencing:''Yombeka ebisiika ebirikubaasa kumara obwire buraingwa aha migyera hamwe na daamu okurekyeraho amatungo. Eki nikizibira okusindika omusheenyi hamwe n'omushekye omu mifuregye y'amaizi n'okwikiriza ebimera by'aha migyera kugaruka kubaho. Okucondooza kwingi (okukira munonga omu bicweka by'obutiti) nikworeka ngu ekisiika nikibaasa kukyendeeza obukookooko bwa bakitiria oburi omu migyera ebirikuhika aha bicweka 60% (median effect). Teekaho emyanya y'okucwekyereramu yaaba neeyetengwa, hamwe n'emyanya y'okwongyerwamu amabaare, okukyendeeza okucwekyerera amabaare. * ''Off-stream Watering:'' Teekaho emiringo endiijo y'okwihiramu amaizi kugira ngu amatungo gatakyetenga kunywa kuruga omu migyera. Eby'okukora birimu za pampu ezirikukoresa amaani ga soora nainga ebikondo by'amaizi g'enjura. Windimiiru nainga za pampu ezirikukoresa engaro nazo nizibaasa kuheereza amaizi marungi. Enkora y'okwihiramu amaizi eshemereire kutebwa aha rurengo rwa mita 30-50 kuruga aha mugyera gwona kandi ekirikubaasa kuhikwaho abantu boona. * ''Okurinda orwezo:''Okurundaana n'okukoresa kurungi orwezo rw'amatungo, okurinda ebiriisa aha faamu n'aheeru y'amaizi. Okurundaana orwezo rw'ebitanda nainga orwezo rw'ebihamba buriizooba, okurikukuratirwa okurundaana orwezo, nikireetaho okurundaana kw'ebyokurya. Ebinnya by'orwezo ebirikwetoroora (nk'okureeberaho, ebisasiro by'ebishaka) nibizibira okurundaana kw'ebyokurya omu njura. Abahingi bashemereire kukoresa orwe Orwezo orurikukoresibwa kurungi, nirureeta obugimu bw'eitaka (10-18% ez'ebihingirwe omu Uganda) hamwe n'okukyendeeza okuruga kwa nayitrogyeni. * ''Okurinda eby'okurya aha nsharo z'emifuregye:''''' Ku haakuba amatungo gashemereire kucwekanisa emihanda y'amaizi (nk'okureeberaho, okugyenda ahagati y'ebihorooni), gashemereire kucwekanisa omu myanya egumire. Teeka amabaare ag'ahansi nainga siminti hamwe n'entindo nkye. Oshemereze emihanda y'okucwekanisa n'obuny ''Tabuuri 5.5''' neegyeragyeranisa emiringo y'okureeberera amatungo. {| class="wikitable" !'''Strategy''' !'''Description''' !'''Benefits''' !'''Notes / Examples''' |- |Controlled/Rotational Grazing |Divide the pasture into paddocks with rest periods. |Maintains vegetative cover; reduces erosion/runoff |Often practiced by ranches, it needs multiple herds or time. |- |Streambank Fencing |Install fences along streams to keep animals out. |Prevents direct contamination; allows buffer regrowth |NZ studies: median 62% drop in stream fecal bacteria. Local farmers can use wooden posts/wire or live fences. |- |Off-stream Watering Points |Provide troughs, wells or pumps away from streams. |Satisfies animal thirst; eliminates streambank damage |Solar troughs or spring developments are effective. |- |Hardened Crossing Points |Designated river crossings with gravel/concrete pads. |Protects banks from trampling; concentrates nutrients |Helps manage inevitable crossings during transhumance. |- |Monitoring Indicators |Upstream vs downstream tests for E. coli, nitrate, and bank erosion surveys |Measures water quality improvements; guides action |Simple field test kits or local lab analysis for N and microbes. |} = ''6. OKUSHONGORA OMUBIKORWA BY'OKUFUUUUBIRIZA AHA MPAKA NKYE''' = = ''6.1 Enkora nungi y'okwitirira'' = Okutunguuka kw'amaizi nikupima amasharuura g'ebihingirwe buri yuniti y'amaizi ekoresiibwe. Nikibaasa kworekwa nk'ekiro ky'ebihingirwe buri mita y'amaizi eya cubic (kg/m3) nainga eky'okugarukamu (m3/kg). Nikyo kimwe, omuntu naabaasa kukoresa amasharuura buri buziba bw'okwitirira. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza okwakozirwe omuri Ethiopia kukagira ngu amasharuura g'amaizi gakeyongyera kuruga 1. 4 kuhika 2. 9 kg/m3 Ebi bipimo nibihwera okugyeragyeranisa enkora:kg/m3 nyingi nikimanyisa okukoresa amaizi kurungi. ''okukoresa amaizi kurungi'' nikimanyisa ekicweka ky'amaizi kuruga omu burugo eki ebihingirwe birikukoresa. Ekikwatireine n'ekyo, ''okukoresa amaizi kurungi'', nikimanyisa obucweka bw'amaizi agarikukoresibwa oburikubiikwa omu mizi y'ebihingirwe. Tihaine enkora erikukora kurungi omu bicweka 100%; okufeerwa nikubaho omu mitendera mingi. Orukarara 6.1 nirushoboorora omu bwiire bukye emiringo y'okufukirira hamwe n'oku barikubaasa kugipima. {| class="wikitable" !'''Metric''' !'''Definition''' !'''Units''' !'''Measurement Method''' |- |Crop water productivity (WP) |Yield produced per unit water applied |kg/m³ (or m³/kg) |Weigh the final yield (kg) and divide by total water applied (m³). Use a flowmeter or irrigation volumes. |- |Yield per water (kg per mm) |Harvested yield per mm of irrigation (per ha) |kg per mm/ha |Same as above; e.g., 1 mm on 1 ha = 10 m³. Combine yield and depth applied. |- |Irrigation efficiency (%) |Water stored in root zone ÷ water pumped × 100 |% |Compare flowmeter data (water pumped) with soil moisture increase (via probes or feel test). |- |Distribution uniformity (DU%) |Evenness of water across the field |% |Catch-can test: place cans in the field during irrigation and compute uniformity. |- |Evaporation loss |Water lost to air from soil or water surface |mm or % of applied |Estimate via evaporation pan, or measure ponded water loss. |- |Deep percolation loss |Water passing below roots (beyond crop uptake) |mm |Measure soil moisture before/after or use drainage lysimeter; or dig a 30 cm hole and see if water collects. |} Ebirikworeka okufeerwa omubyaro, harimu ebicweka ebirimu amaizi (nikyoreka okufuuhirira kurikurabira omu mirandira nainga okushagika munonga), nainga eitaka eririmu amaizi (akamanyiso k'amaizi). Omwata gw'amaizi (nk'okureeberaho, amaizi, amaizi, amaizi) nigumanyisa (Gavumenti ya Australia, 2025). Okukyebera kw'amaizi g'omunda n'okusima ekinnya (~30 cm deep)'': amaizi garikutonnya omunda, eitaka niribaasa kuba riri hai Ekirikureeta obutakora kurungi: Okufukirira munonga, nainga okukoresa amaizi omu muringo ogutari gw'omuringo gumwe, nikureetaho okushenyuka kw'amaizi okurikukira emizi; eitaka ry'omusheenyi eririmu omusheenyi, niryongyera. Okufeerwa kw'amaizi nikweyongyera, amaizi ku garikubaasa kwemerera omu bwire bw'omuriro ogurikwosya munonga. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, omukugu omwe omu by'okufukirira, naagira ngu okushenyuka kw'amaizi omu muringo ogutari gw'omuringo gumwe, nikureetaho okushenyuka kw'amaizi. , 4050% kasasiro). Enkora y'okupima: ''ekipimo ky'amaizi''' ahari pumpu nainga geeti nikiha amaizi goona agarikukoresibwa. Sensa z'obunyogovu bw'eitaka nainga tensiometers, zitakabiire n'ahanyima y'okwitirira, nizibaasa kumanya amaizi agarikubiikwa. Amaizi agarikuruga omu itaka nigabaasa kurundaanwa kandi gakyeberwa n'ekintu aha muheru gw'eitaka. Omu bibanda bikye, omuntu naabaasa kukoresa akabaketi kakye kukwata amaizi g'okwitirira kumara obwire oburikwetegyerezibwa Okuhandiika ebirikugyenda omu maisho n'ebirikuruga omu maisho (n'okukura kw'ebihingirwe) nikihwera omu kumanya omurimo. Okukyendeeza aha kufeerwa (mitigation): Okukyendeeza aha kufuka amaizi, fuka amaizi omu bicweka bikye kandi obutoosha, okuhikaana n'ebyetengo by'ebihingirwe. Okutereeza omusiri, amaizi gashemereire kujanjaara kimwe; kwetantara okufuka amaizi aha muheru gw'ebihingirwe. Okukyendeeza aha kufuka amaizi, fuka amaizi omu bwire oburikufukiirira (omwebazyo gw'omwebazyo), kandi okozese ebisigaire by'ebihingirwe (ebirikurinda obugimu bw'eitaka). Okutandika emifuregye nainga okukoresa payipu omu mwanya gw'ebihorooni, nikibaasa kukyendeeza amaizi. Omu miringo yoona, rinda ebyoma by'okwitirira, okwetantara okuruga n'okureeba ngu bigyenda kimwe. = ''6.2 Okutwara amaizi''' = Drip (micro-irrigation) neekoresa amaizi mpora mpora aha musingi gw'ekimera, omu myanya y'emirandira, okukyendeeza okufeerwa. Ebirungi byayo birimu okukoresa amaizi kurungi munonga (obwire obwingi 7090% kurugirira aha 50 60% omu nkora y'ahaiguru), okukyendeeza okufuuhirira, okurwanisa omwata kurungi (ahabw'okuba eitaka ahagati y'ensharo niriguma ryomire), n'obushoboorozi bw'okuteekamu orwezo (fertigation). ''Enkora hamwe n'ebintu'' Enkora y'okushashura esente nkye erimu ebirikukurataho: # Oburugo bw'amaizi hamwe na pumpu (ku ogire ngu amaani ga gravity tigarikumara). Pampu ya soora nainga ya ingini neebaasa kuba neeyetengwa. (Oburugo bw'amaizi oburikwigura buriijo nibwetaga ~1020 psi kutonnya; enkora y'amai # Filtara y'okukwata omusheenyi nainga ebisigaire, n'ey'omugasho amaizi garikuba garimu akajagararo. # Ekitongore ekirikureeberera oburemeezi nainga ekirikukyendeeza oburemeezi, nikireebeka ngu oburemeezi nibushushana. # Payipu enkuru n'enkuru ez'ahansi (1⁄2 inch2 inch) za pvc nainga za polyethylene. # Valuvu z'eby'obutegyeki. # Ebishushani by'aharubaju (okukoresa eikopo ry'amaizi nainga taapu). Eby'okureeberaho birimu eikopo ry'amaizi eririkwera nainga e # Emitta/amatondo g'amaizi, gashemereire kutebwa haihi na buri kimera. # Ebikwato hamwe n'emiti y'okugaita za payipu hamwe n'okunyweza za payipu. # Eshaaha/ekitongore ky'okwegyezamu, nikikora ahaby'okwitirira. ''Emitendera y'okutaho:' # ''Okwetebeekanisa omwanya:'' ''Ringaniza buri kitanda kurungi nk'oku kirikubaasika okureeba ngu nikigyenda. Teekaho enteekateeka y'okwitirira kuhikaana # ''Okwongyera aha runyiriri rwa mainline:''Yunga pampu nainga ekyoma ky'omuriro aha filta hamwe n'ekitongore ekirikujunanizibwa aha puleesa, reero # ''Run submains and sides:'' Teeka enjuyi aha runyiriri rw'ebihingirwe. Teeka tupu z'amatondo aha runyiriri rw'ebihingirwe n'obukooko. Teeka tupu ahaitaka nainga ezizikire kakye # ''Teka emitters:'' Punch holes omu tubing (if tape) kandi ota emitters omu myanya y'ebihingwa, nainga kozesa inline tape n'emitters ezombekirwe omu mwanya oguhikire (okure # ''Furush and test:'' Guraho enkora omu bwire bukye, okyebera buri emitter okureeba ngu erikugyenda kurungi. Teganisa ekitongore ekirikujunanizibwa aha puleesa nk'oku kirikwetengwa, # ''Kweka n'orwezo:'' Bwanyima y'okukyebera, kinga omwanya n'orwezo (orwezo nainga obuveera) okukyendeeza okurundaana n'okur ''Orukarara rw'okukyebera okurinda obutoosha:' # ''Okuyonja ekirikufuuhirira:'' Siimuura nainga oshemeze ekirikufuuhirira hakiri buri sande (n'okukiraho amaizi garikuba garikubi munonga) # ''Flush lines:'' Obumwe n'obumwe, gura enkomerero z'enyiriri okwihaho ebisharara. # ''Kyebera ebyoma ebirikuruga omu maize:''Kyebera ebirikuruga omu maize omu bwire bw'okwitirira. Ebyoma ebirikuruga omu maize nibibaasa kubonezibwa obwo # ''Kyebera oburemeezi:'' Reeba ngu ekitongore ekirikujunanizibwa aha buremeezi nikikora kandi ngu engyenderwaho tizirikutokooza. # ''Okugarura busya oburemeezi:'' Teekamu ebiina byona nainga oburemeezi bw'ensiri omu mipiira (ebikwato by'okugarura busya nainga taapu ''Ebizibu ebirikukira kubaho hamwe n'okutereeza:' # Tihariho kugyenda aha byoma ebirikuheereza amaizi: Nikibaasa kuba kizibire. Yogeza ekirikwera hamwe n'ebyoma ebirikuheereza amaizi, nainga re # Okutamburira hamwe: Okugyemeserezibwa ahaiguru/ahansi munonga, nainga enshonga y'okwegama. Reeba ngu okugyemeserezibwa kuhikire hamwe n'okwegama kw # Ebituga ahaiguru: Hindura ebituga nainga ohindahindure ebicweka bya payipu. # Oburemeezi oburikuruga omu bishokye: Kozesa enyiriri eziri ahansi y'eitaka, nainga kwerinda enyamaishwa. = ''6.3 Okufukirira omu bishaka hamwe n'omwegyemure''' = ''Engyenderwaho:''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''oburemeezi n'obutakora kurungi:'''Okufukirira kurugirira ahamaani ga gravity n'okw'omuhendo gw'ahansi kwonka ''okutakora kurungi''. Amaizi tigarikugabirwa kuringana. Omutwe gw'ekikondo nigukira kutunga amaizi agarikukira obwingi, kwonka omukira gw'ekikondo nigubaasa kuba gutarikuhwa amaizi. Okutwarira hamwe, '''3050% y'amaizi agarikukoresa ahaiguru nigabura''. Okukoresa amaizi agarikukira obwingi aha muheru gw'ekikondo nikikira. Okukoresa Okwongyera ahari ekyo, okugyenda n'amaizi omu mifuregye, nikibaasa kushiisha eitaka n'okureetaho emifuregye. Okukoresa obwire buraingwa nikireetaho ''okushemeza''': okushemeza amaizi, nikireeta omwonyo ahaiguru kurabira omu mifuregye, kandi hatariho amaizi marungi, omwonyo nigukorera ahu amaizi garikuhurira. ''Enkora y'okutunguura'' Enkora y'okutunguura eby'entatsya nkye neebaasa kwongyera amaani. # ''Okutereeza eitaka:''Omushozi ogurikwingana, ogutarikwetengwa, niguremesa amaizi kurundaana. Okutereeza amaizi kurundaana na laser nainga spade (aha poloti nkye munonga) nikubaasa kukores # ''Okufukirira kurungi:''Koresa amaizi omu bwire bukye. Okugyenda omu maisho nikwikiriza buri mushana kwejumba otakongyeireyo. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu okufukirira kurungi nikubaasa kubiika amaizi 25 40% obwo orikuguma nooyongyera amasharuura. (Omu kugyezibwa kw'engano okumwe, okugyenda omu maisho kukakora amaizi 273 # ''Gated pipe systems:'' Omu mwanya gw'okwijuza amaizi omu kishengye kyona, kozesa payipu egumire erimu emiryango mikye buri ffuuti nkye. Okwihaho omuryango nikureeta amaizi omu kicweka ekyo. Eki nikireetaho okukwatanisa kandi kikyendeeza aha mirimo hamwe n'okwijuza amaizi. # ''Okwongyera okwitirira emifuregye:'' Gyerera amaizi buri mufuregye ogundi. Ebihingirwe ebiri haihi nibibaasa kugasirwa omu kujanjaara kw'emirandira. # ''Amaizi g'omukira gakoresize:'' Kwata amaizi kuruga aha muheru gw'ebihingirwe omu kiyanja nainga ekidiba, reero ogarugye omu mutwe nainga tanka y'okubiika. Eki nikyetenga payipu/pampu ezindi, kw # ''Eitaka hamwe n'okureeberera ebihingirwe:''Okubyara aha rushozi hamwe n'okukoresa orunyiriri rw'ebihingirwe kurugirira aha burengye bw'ebihingirwe, nikibaasa kutunguura = ''6.4 Okwehara Okukoresa amaizi''' = Okutwara amaizi omu itaka, nikireetwa okurihiirira okurengyesereize, nainga okukoresa amaizi kubi, ekirikureetera eitaka kutwara amaizi, ekirikureetera amaizi kutwara amaizi kuruga omu mizi. Obubonero n'amaizi agarikureebeka omu mwanya oguri ahansi bwanyima y'okurihiirira, nainga amababi nigahinduka kinekye nainga gafuuhirira (ebimera ebitarikwatireine na okisijeeni). Obubonero oburikwetegyerezibwa, n'okukurakurana kw'omwata (okureeberaho, entanga ''Cyprianus' Ku oraabe nooteekateeka ngu hariho amaizi, kwonka gatarikwetegyerezibwa ahaiguru, shaba ebiina bikye by'okukyeberaho (~30 cm). Amaizi g'ahansi ku garikuza omunda nainga gasigaire omu kiina, eitaka rigumizemu amaizi. ''Ebirikubaasa kukorwa okutereeza emifuregye):''' Ekigyendererwa n'okwiha amaizi agarikumara kuruga omu myanya y'ebikooko. Eby'okukora # ''Amaizi agarikuruga omu itaka (ebisharara):'''Sima emifuregye etari y'amaani aha rubaju rw'omusiri nainga ahagati y'ebisharara, okureeta amaizi aheeru. N'omwanya mukye aha muheru gw'omusiri nigubaasa kukora nk'omwanya gw'okureeta amaizi. Omwanya gw'okureeta amaizi gushemereire kugyenda mporampora aha rushozi kuhika aha mwanya ogutarimu kabi (omugyera, # ''Amaizi g'ahansi:'' Omu myanya y'amaani, payipu ya pvc erimu ebituli nainga ey'eibumba eyazikirwe omu mufuregye (a French drain) neebaasa kurundaana amaizi g' # ''Ebihingirwe/ebihingirwe:''Imba ebihingirwe aha bihingirwe.Eitaka eririkwihwaho niribaasa kukora emihanda mikye y'okwitirira/okutwara amaizi kuruga omu maizi.Nk'eky'okureeberaho, omu faamu z'omwani, emiti erikukira kutwara amaizi, ekafururwa aha bihingirwe erikukoresa eitaka kuruga omu maizi agarik # ''Okukyebera ebyombeko:'''Emikingo mikye y'omushana/okukyebera nainga ebikondo by'emiti kurabira omu mifuregye nibibaasa kukyendeeza # ''Okuronda ebihingirwe:'' Omu myanya erikutwara obwire buraingwa,hinga ebihingirwe ebirikwetantara amaizi (omuceeri, tarot, cattails) nainga eby' # ''Okuzibira omwonyo:''' Okukoresa amaizi nikireeta omwonyo, okwiirira kakye n'amaizi g'omutindo murungi, okureeta omwonyo ahansi y'emirandira (ku ogire ngu emifuregye neija kugyihaho). Hindura Enkora nungi y'okutwara amaizi omu maize, eshemereire kureetaho amaizi agarikukira obwingi kandi gasherekye omu muringo ogurikwetengwa, okuzibira emyanya y'ahansi okwetorora amaizi (Australian Government, 2025). Omusiri ku gurikuba guri aha rushozi, ebishengye nainga ebishengye ebirikwera nibibaasa kutwara amaizi omu muringo ogurikwetengwa. Okutwarira hamwe, reeba ngu emyanya y'okutwaramu amaizi erikwetengwa ( ''Okucondooza''' Bwanyima y'okwihirira amaizi nainga enjura nyingi,garukamu obutoosha okureeba obukooko oburikujanjaara.Rondoora ebihingirwe okureeba obukooko oburikujanjaara nainga obwa kinekye (oburemeezi bw'amaizi).Okwombeka ekidiba ky'okureeba (paipu ya pvc erimu ebituli omu mwanya gw'amaizi) nikibaasisa okukyebera obwiire bw'amaizi.Okubiika ebaruha y'enjura/okwihirira hamwe n'okugarukwamu ''Enkora''' Eby'okurya ebirikuruga omu itaka nibibaho obu eby'okurya ebirikuruga omu itaka (okukira munonga nitrate-N hamwe na potassium) birikujanjaara aheeru y'ekicweka ky'emirandira ahabw'amaizi agarikukira obwingi. Amaizi g'okwitirira (nainga enjura) ku garikusinga amaizi g'eitaka, nitrates nizitamburira ahansi n'amaizi agarikuruga omu itaka. Eitaka eririmu omusheenyi gw'amaani hamwe n'eitaka eririkwetoroora nibikira kubaho ''Enkora nungi y'okureeberera'' Ekikuru n'okukoresa orwezo rw'ebihingirwe kurugirira ahabyetaago by'ebihingirwe n'okukyendeeza ebirugire omu bikooko. Ebintu ebir # ''Split applications:'' Siba orwezo omu doozi nkye ezirikwetengwa kurugirira aha mitendera y'okukura kw'ebihingirwe, okukira okubyara byona. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, habaho doozi y'okutandika omu kubyara hamwe n'okwongyera N ahagati y'obwire. Okusiba nikukyendeza munonga N etakoresiibwe. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu ahaitaka ry'omusheenyi, split N (otwari # ''Fertigation (chemigation):'''Imbaho ekicweka ky'ebigimusa (okukira munonga nayitrogyeni) omu nkora y'okwitirira. Eki nikibaasisa okukoresa emirundi mingi, okukoresa kukye omu bwire bw'okukura kw'ekimera, kandi kiketantara emibazi mingi enjura nyingi etakahikire. Ekitongore kya Yunivasite ya Minnesota Extension nikyoreka ngu fertigation n'enkora nungi y'okureeberera okukyendeeza okushuka kwa nayitrogyeni.''. # ''Okuteeka:''Banda nainga otaho ebigimusa haihi n'emirandira y'ebimera, omu mwanya gw'okubitwara ahaiguru. Eki nikireetaho ebiriisa ahu ebimera birikubaasa kubitunga. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okuta N na P omu mwanya mukye ogurikwingana sentimita 510 haihi n'orunyiriri rw'embibo, nikikyendeeza okujanjaara kwa P kandi kiguma # ''Slow-release or organic sources:'' Kozesa ebigimusa bya N ebirikujwekyerwa nainga ebirikujwekyerwa mporampora; eki nikyendeza nitrate y'eitaka. Okwongyera ebintu ebirikukwata ahaitaka (compost, manure) nikitunguura entekateka y'eitaka hamwe n'obushoboorozi bw'okuhindura ebiriisa, ekirikuhwera okuk # ''Okurinda obugimu bw'eitaka:'' Yetantare okufukirira emirundi mingi munonga, kugira ngu habeho amaizi garikwemerera, nainga okwihaho emizi. Ku kirikubaasika, kozesa ebyoma by'okucondooza obugimu bw'eitaka, nainga ebyoma # ''Buffer strips and cover crops:'''Oburugo bw'ebihingirwe nainga oburugo bw'amabeere nibubikka ebihingirwe aha rubaju rw'eitaka nainga ahagati y'eitaka kukwata ebiriisa ebirikuruga omu maizi. Ekikopo ky'ebihingirwe nikibaasa kukwata nitrates omu eitaka zitakahikire omu maizi. Nikyo kimwe, okubikka ebihingirwe (ebihimba, ebihingirwe ''Okucondooza''' Ebimanyiso bikye nibibaasa kurabura okurabura. Amababi ga kinekye nigabaasa kworeka eibura rya N. Okukyebera eitaka obutoosha (okukira munonga nitrate-N) aha burengye butarikushushana, nikibaasa kworeka omuhendo gw'eby'okurya ebyombekyeire hamwe n'okufeerwa. Okutaho ebyoma by'okurabura amaizi agarikuruga omu maizi ga nitrate, nikibaasa kuhwera omukukyebera amaizi. Obubonero oburikureebeka nk'okukurakurana kw'ebishaka omu bisharara, nabwo nibubaasa kworeka okubura kw'eby'okurya. = ''7. ENTEEKATEEKA Y'OKUKORA AHA MAZIBA FARM Y'AMAIZI''' = = ''7.1 Ebigyendererwa n'obuhango''' = * Okureeba ngu ebyombeko by'amaizi biri aha rurengo: Okukyebera n'okugarura busya ebidiba n'emyanya y'okushomeramu enjura etakahikire. * Rinda eitaka n'amaizi: Teekaho obuteebekana bw'eitaka n'ebimera kandi okyebera emiringo y'okurinda eitaka okurwanisa okutsinduka kw'eitaka. * Rondoora kandi oyangure: Omu bwire bw'enjura, rondoora amaizi agarikuruga omu maizi, amaizi g'omu bidiba, hamwe n'okutsinduka kw'eitaka; sh * Okukoresa kurungi obwire bw'ekyanda: Teekaho enteekateeka y'okwitirira n'okureeberera ebidiba/ebyombeko, okurinda ebihingirwe omu bwire bw * Kureetaho entunguuka erikugumaho: Kozesa foomu y'okwekyondooza ey'omwaka okureeba buri kikorwa (15 scale) kandi oteekateekye emirimo y = ''7.2 Ebyafaayo: Enkora ya Faamu ya Maziba''' = Maziba eri omu bisharara bya Kigezi omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Uganda (oburaingwa bwa ~15002300 m) (Miiro, 1999). Embeera y'obwire nungi munonga n'obutagasi bwa 17-18 °C hamwe n'obunyogovu bwingi. Enjura erikugwa buri mwaka neegura mita 1,2001,500 (ahaiguru aha rushozi, ahansi omu bibanda). Hariho ''ebiro bibiri eby'enjura'': enjura enkuru kuruga omu kwezi kwa kashatu kuhisya okwezi kwa mushanju (ekikuru omu kwakana) hamwe n'enjura nkye kuruga omu kwezi kwamwenda kuhisya Emyezi erikukizayo n'eyahagati y'omwaka (JuneAugust) hamwe n'okutandika kw'okwezi kw'okubanza. Enkora egi eshemereire kukwatanisibwa n'obwire bw'okweteekateekyera n'okwitirira. Eitaka aha faamu za Maziba n'eitaka ry'obutiti eririkwetengwa munonga n'obutiti bwa asidi (Feralsols, Luvisols, Regosols) (Nseka et al. , 2022). Eby'obuhangwa n'eby'obuhangwa n'eby'omutindo; emisiri mingi neegasirwa kuruga omu myanya hamwe n'obutungi bw'ebihingwa. Ebihingwa Abahingi baingi nibabyara n'emiti (ebitookye, omwani) aha rushozi. ''Amaizi g'omu faamu hamwe n'ebibanda:'' Omu kicweka eki, amaizi makye g'eitaka nainga ebidiba (obumwe aha faamu nainga eitaka rya buriijo) nibikoresibwa okukwata amaizi g'omugyera. Ebiziba ebi nibombekwa n'eitaka ry'omubyaro; ekikondo ky'eitaka ekyahagati nainga ekikondo ky'eitaka ekyombekirwe nikikozesibwa kukwata amaizi, hamwe n'ebidiba (embankments) nibombekwa okwetoroora ekicweka kikye. Amaizi g'omwiyanja agarikureebererwa kurungi, nigabaasa kureeta amaizi omu bwire bw'ekyanda, kwonka gatarikureebererwa, nigabaasa kuruga omu maizi. = ''7.3 Entebekanisa y'obwire bw'enjura''' = ''Okwetegyereza ebyombeko'' ''Ryari:'' emyezi 23 etakahikire enjura y'okubanza. ''Engeri:'' Tambura oburaingwa bwa buri daamu/ekidiba (ahaiguru n'ahansi y # ''Enjatika, okusimba, nainga ebiina''' aha rushozi nainga emishororongo (ebirikubaasa kworeka okutsinduka kwa payipu nainga okutsinduka kw' # ''Ebinnya by'enyamaishwa'''. Ebinnya by'enyamaishwa ebikye nibibaasa kukyendeeza amaizi. Jjuza ebiina byona ahonaaho n'eitaka eririkw # ''Emyanya y'amaizi''.Ebintu ebirimu amaizi nainga ebimera ebitari bya buriijo aha maguru nibyoreka oburengye. Teeka akamanyiso aha myanya egi # ''Omwanya gw'okucwekyereza/omwanya gw'okugarukamu.'' Reeba ngu omwanya gw'okucwekyereza gukozirweho amabaare, kandi omwanya gw'ok ''''Ebikwato''''' Oruguuto rw'omutindo nainga orukiiko orurikwetegyerezibwa, okureeba oburengye bw'omutindo, ekikondo/ekikondo, hamwe n'ekikondo # ''Bund Repair:'' ''Ryari:'' Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okushwijuma ebirugiremu. # ''Ijuza kandi ogyemesereze eitaka:''' Ahabw'enjatika nkye nainga ebicweka ebirikucwekyerezibwa, yomba ebintu ebirikucwekyerera, reero ojjuze eitaka ry'eitaka eririmu eibumba omu mitendera ya sentimita 1020, ogyemesereze buri mutendera n'akapiira nainga ekigyere. Reeba ngu omusingi gw' # ''Teekamu oburyo bw'okwerinda okutsinduka kw'eitaka:''''Aha myanya y'oburungi nainga emyanya y'okushuka amaizi,shereka n'ebitundutundu by'enjovu (Napier) nainga obunyasi obundi omu runyiriri.Obunyasi obu bwine emizi mingi erikukwata eitaka n'okurwanisa # ''Emitwe:'' Ku erikuba eriho,byara enyiriri z'emigyera nainga ebindi by'obunyasi ahaiguru y'ekidiba okuzibira amaizi g'amaizi ''''Ebintu''''' Eitaka ry'eibumba (kirungi kuruga omu kiina ekirikwetengwa haihi n'eibumba ry'eibumba ry'eibumba ry'eibumba ry'eibumba ry ''Obyokwerinda:'' Yegyendesereze okuteera ebigyere aha mifuregye. Kozesa za giraavuzi waaba nookwata omwata ogurikwera. # ''Okugaruka kubyara obunyasi:'' Ku ogire ngu ebyoma ebirikuremesa obunyasi ebikuru bikomeire,garuka obibyare: # ''Cut healthy slips''' (3050 cm high) z'obunyasi bw'enjovu nainga entungo kuruga omu bimera bigumire aha faamu. # ''Tebekanisa ebituli'''' kuruga omu musiri buri mita 0.5-1. # ''Tema amababi goona agarikuzire''' okwihaho omwata otakabisize, kugira ngu omwata musya gumeho kurungi. ''Timeline'' Tandika okucondooza omu kwezi kw'okubanza, omaririze okugarura busya n'okubyara omu kwezi kwa kabiri. Eki nikihamya ngu eitaka riine obwire bw'okutebenkera n'obunyasi ''Abakozi:'' Tiimu y'abantu 24 nibabaasa kushwijuma n'okugarura busya ekidiba kikye omu biro 12 (kurugirira aha buhango); okubyara omwata aha hiika 0.1 aha rubaju rw'ekidiba nikitwara ebiro 12. ''Eky'okureeberaho ky'orukarara rw'okukyebera etakahikire'' # Za daamu zoona zikatamburwa kandi zaashwijumwa kureeba ngu zikaba ziine enjatika. # Ebihorooni/ebinnya by'amatungo bikaijuzibwa kandi byombekwa. # Omwanya gw'ahaiguru gukozirweho; emyanya y'ahansi egarukiremu. # Omwata niguteerwa ahaitaka eritaine busha. # Orugundo rw'amaizi rukasharwamu ebimera. = ''7.4 Okureebuuza n'okureeberera obwire bw'enjura''' = Omu bwire bw'enjura,ekigyendererwa n'okureeba oku amaizi garikutwaza n'okukwata oburemeezi bwona oburikubaho juba. Kozesa obubonero bukye kandi ohandiike ebihandiiko butoosha. Ebintu ebik # ''Runoff and Pond Level:'' Teekaho ''staff gauge'''' (omutegyeki w'omutindo) omu kidiba, kugira ngu oreebe oburengye bw'amaizi bwanyima y'enjura. Tegeka enjura (okukoresa gauge eyakozirwe omuka nainga eyaguzibwe) hamwe n'oburengye bw'ekidiba omurundi gumwe omu sande nainga ahanyima y'enjura nyingi. Okukyerererwa munonga omu burengye bw'amaizi ebiro ebirikukurataho (hatariho oburengye) nikyoreka oburengye. Kubarikuba hariho okukyerererwa kwa sentimita 3E;5 buri izooba,condooza aha kukyerererwa kw'amaizi nainga okweyongyera kw'amaizi. Ebikwato ebirikukoresibwa harimu ekipimo ky'enjura kyanguhi (nk'eky'okureeberaho, ekibbo ky'obuveera). Ekipimo ky'abakozi nikibaasa kuba ekikondo ky'ebiti ekirikujwekyerwa ekirikuteerwa omu banka. Kubarikuteekwateekwaho okukyerererwa kw'amaizi,condooza ekicweka ky'ekidiba (obwire bw'ekyanda bukyerereire) okukyer # ''Erosion Checks:''' Bwanyima y'enjura nyingi, kebera emisiri hamwe n'emyanya y'ekidiba okureeba obukooko nainga emifuregye. Reeba okukira munonga aha myanya y'okutamburiraho hamwe n'emyanya y'okushutama. Ebyoreka nibitwariramu okushutama kw'ebitosi ebirikubaasa kureebeka aha nshonda y'ekidiba, okutandika n'omwanya gw'okushutama. Eki kishemereire kukorwa buri sande 23 omu njura nyingi n'ahanyima y'eihunga ry'amaani. Obukooko obuto ku burikureebeka, bu # ''Fertilizer Timing:''Wetantare okuguza orwezo (okukira munonga nayitrojeni) bukiri kare enjura nyingi etakatandikire kugwa. Omugyera kuruga omu misiri erimu orwezo nigubaasa kutwara ebiriisa (nitrates, phosphates) omu kiyanja, okureetaho okukura kw'ebishaka n'okukyendeeza omutindo gw'amaizi. Amahurire nk'ago nigabaasa kwihwa kuruga omu kukoresa amahurire ga reediyo/esimu. Ku ogire ngu enjura nyingi # ''Okucondooza omutindo gw'amaizi (eky'okwerinda):' '' Ku orikukoresa amaizi g'ekidiba okunywa (kitari ky'okureebeka aha faamu ya Maziba, kwonka n'eky'okureeberaho), okukyebera # ''Okuhandiika ebirikukwataho:'''Bika ''ekitabo ky'ebitabo'' omu mwanya gwomire. Wandiika ebiro by'okushwijuma, enjura, obuziba bw'ekidiba, hamwe n'ebihandiiko byona (nk'eky'okureeberaho, Ekintu ky'enjura 4/3: 80 mm, ekidiba +60 cm # ''ebikwato by'okureebuuza eby'omuhendo gw'ahansi:''Kuhikaana n'ebikopo by'abakozi hamwe n'ebikopo by'enjura, abahingi nibabaasa kukoresa ebibbo ebirikwetegyerezibwa (okukyebera ebyarugire omu pumpu) = ''7.5 Enkora y'obwire bw'ekyanda''' = Emyezi y'ekyanda neeyetenga okukoresa amaizi n'okureeberera kurungi. Ebirikukorwa ebikuru n'okufukirira kurungi, okureeberera amaizi, n'okutebekanisa eitaka * ''Entebekanisa y'okwitirira:''Tebekanisa okwitirira kurugirira aha byetaago by'ebihingirwe hamwe n'obutiti bw'eitaka, kutari karenda et * ''Emitendera y'ebihingirwe:''Fukirira munonga ebihingirwe byaba biri omu mitendera y'amaani y'okukura (okureeberaho, ebimuri, okukura kw * ''Soil feel test:'' Kyebera obunyogovu bw'eitaka obwo orikusima akaina kakye akarikwingana sentimita 20-30. Eitaka ku ryaba niryeyongyera kurundaana engaro kandi hatariho maizi agarikureebwa,obunyogovu nibukumara. Eitaka erikw * ''Simple sensor:'' Kozesa mita y'obunyogovu bw'eitaka nainga tensiometer omu mwanya ogurikujwekyera (reeba ebikwato ahaiguru). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, tereka tensiometer aha burengye bwa sentimita 30 omu runyiriri rw'ebihingirwe; shoma buri sande. Ku erikworeka obunyogovu bwingi (ekyanda munonga), * ''Obwire/okwijuza amaizi omu kasheeshe:'' Fuka amaizi omu kasheeshe kakye nainga omu mwabazyo/omwebazyo okukyendeza okufeerwa kw'amaizi. * ''Kyebera omuhendo:'' Ku orikukoresa pampu, pima entambura: pima omu baketi okumara edakiika emwe okutunga L/min, kandi obwiire bw' ''Okutereeza ekidiba''' Bwanyima y'enjura, kandi otakabwiire amaizi, kwihaho omusheenyi n'ebisasiro: * ''Okucwekyereza amaizi:'' Ku oraabe otungire amaizi haihi n'omwanya ogurikwetorwamu amaizi, gashemereire kushangwa omu misiri nk'eitaka * 'Okuzibira omwata:'' Yihaho omwata ogurikuba guri aha nshonda (zibikire n'obuveera nainga zibikureho) omwata oguri omu maizi nigubaasa * ''Okwetegyereza emifuregye:'' Aha kutandika nainga ahamuheru gw'obwire bw'ekyanda, koona amaizi g'ekidiba kuhika ahansi y'omuhanda gw'okwihaho amaizi. Kyebera ebidiba by'okwihaho amaizi, nainga emyanya y'okwihaho amaizi. Hunduuza enjatika or * ''Okubaho kw'ebyenyanja:'' Ekidiba kyaba kiine ebyenyanja, bikwate nainga obihindure bitakakozirweho munonga. ''Okucondooza obunyogovu bw'eitaka''' N'omu bwire bw'ekyanda, rinda obugimu bw'eitaka: * Okusiika: Siika ebisigaire by'ebihingirwe nainga obunyasi ahaitaka eririkwesherekyerera okukyendeeza omuriro. * Ebisigarira by'ebihingirwe: Reka emizi y'ebihingirwe ebisharuwirwe omu mwanya gwayo, okureeba ngu byongyera amaizi g'eitaka omu sizoni erik * Sensa z'obunyogovu: Obumwe n'obumwe ogarukye okushwijuma obunyogovu bw'eitaka, okureeba ngu okwitirira nikumara. ''Enguuto z'okureeba ebirikuruga'' Amaizi g'ekidiba ku garikugwa gatarikuteekateekwaho waaba otarikuhinga, kebera oburengye: * Okugyeza okujuza: Jjuza ekidiba kandi opimire amaizi agarikwetengwa buri eizooba. Ku garikugwa kurenga sentimita 23 buri eizooba, hatariho oburengye, * Okukyebera omwika: Kwekyera omuriro haihi n'omwanya ogurikuteekwateekwaho kuba nigubwatuka; amaizi agarikweyongyera nigabaasa kworeka omwanya ogur * Okuta embaaho omu itaka: Vuga ekikondo kihango omu eitaka ahu kirikuteekwateekwaho kuba nikishwekyerera; kyaba nikitemba ahaiguru nk'oku eitaka ririkushwekyerera a * ''Okureberera ebyoma:''Okwombeka n'okubiika za pumpu, hoses, hamwe n'ebikwato bwanyima y'okukoresa. Kyebera ekyoma/omwanya = ''7.6 Foomu y'okwetegyereza buri mwaka''' = Aha muheru gw'omwaka, abahingi bashemereire kushwijuma emirimo yaabo yoona. Ahansi hariho eky'okureeberaho ekirikubaasa kukoresibwa okuteera n'okurinda ebihandiiko by'omubyaro. Gyeragyeranisa buri kintu kandi ohandiike ebirikwetengwa. {| class="wikitable" !'''Activity/Item''' !'''Score 1–5''' !'''Comments or Next Actions''' |- |Pre-season inspection completed (Y/N) |___ | |- |Bunds repaired/compacted (Yes/No) |___ |e.g., ''If no, plan a bund-repair workshop'' |- |Grass cover on bunds (good/patchy/bare) |___ |''Consider replanting or mulching'' |- |Spillway clear (Y/N) |___ | |- |Runoff erosion minimal (Yes/No) |___ |''If no, add contour hedges or mulch'' |- |Fertilizer timing (avoided heavy rains) |___ |''Adjust calendar or use slow-release N'' |- |Rainfall &#x26; pond levels recorded (Y/N) |___ | |- |No major leaks or breaches (Y/N) |___ |''Plan leak repair if needed'' |- |Irrigation schedule followed (Yes/No) |___ |''If no, try soil probe or local ET table'' |- |Pond maintained/desilted (Y/N) |___ | |- |Soil moisture adequate at planting (Y/N) |___ | |- |Overall water use efficiency (1–5) |___ |''E.g., ratio of water applied vs. yield'' |} ''Obuhabuzi bw'obubonero:'' 45 nikyoreka ngu emirimo ekakorwa kurungi hatariho nshonga; 23 nikyoreka oburemeezi obumwe; 1 nikimanyisa ngu emirimo ekanagaanibwa. Ku bubonero bwona oburi ahansi ya 3, manya emitendera y'okutereeza ahansi ya Ebigarukwamu. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, bondi ku ziraabe zikozire 2, tebekanisa eizooba ry'okugarura busya abantu boona, nainga okut ''Oruteerane rw'okukyebera''' Okwejunisa ahonaaho, eky'okureeberaho orukarara rw'okukyebera ebiro by'enjura bitakahikire (okusiba aha kisiika): # ''Yetegyereze ekidiba/ekidiba:''Tamburira aha myanya yoona erikwetoroora; reeba enjatika, okushandara, nainga ebituga by'enyamaishwa # ''Eshonga z'okugarura busya:'' Jjuza enjatika n'eibumba; ekicweka ky'amaani; ozibire ebiina. # ''Kyebera ebimera:'' Byarira obunyasi oburikujanjaara ahaitaka eritaine busha (handika obunyasi obubyarirwe. # ''Clean spillway/outlet:'' Yihaho ebisasiro kuruga omu muhanda gwa spillway. # ''Eby'okukoresa byeteekateekire:'' Reeba ngu pampu/amajuuta nibikora; gira tar/eibumba ryeteekateekire okutereeza ebirikuruga. Nikyo kimwe, orukarara rw'okukyebera obwire bw'enjura nirutwariramu okukyebera ekidiba bwanyima y'eihunga ry'amaani hamwe n'okukyebera enjura n'oburaingwa bw'ekidiba buri [[File:Seasonal_activities_maziba_farm_2026.jpg|365x365px]] Emirimo y'ebiro n'ebiro omu faamu za Maziba sub-catchment (2026) = ''Ebihandiiko''' = Gavumenti ya Australia. (2025). ''Okuhinga omwani omu bantu bakye omuri Papua New Guinea Akatabo k'okutendeka abahingi''. Brunner, GW. (2026). ''HEC-RAS River Analysis System. HEC-RAS 2D user's Manual. Enkora 65''. https://apps.dtic.mil/ Curry, G., &x26; Curnow, J. (2024). ''Okutunguura emituurire y'abahingi bakye b'omwani omuri Papua New Guinea''. Ripoota y Datta, S., Taghvaeian, S.,&#x26;Stivers, J. (2017). ''Okwetegyereza amaizi g'omuitaka hamwe n&#x27;emiringo y&# Esta, L. ,&#x26; Adunga, B. (2012). Akatabo akarikukwata aha kuzibira n&#x27;okurwanisa emifuregye omu kicweka kya Nile, enteekateeka ya burugwa izooba bwa Nile ey&#x27;Eastern Nile, Technical Regional Office (ENTRO), Eastern Nile Watershed Management Project, Addis Ernst, M. (2017). ''Enkora y'okufukirira''. CCD-FS-1. Lexington, KY: Center for Crop Diversification, University of ... https://ccd.uk.edu/ Orwakataano, K.S. (1999). ''Iperata okugarura busya eitaka ry'omwata barikukoresa eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa n'okugarura bus Gavumenti ya Uganda. (1990) 'Ebiragiro by'obuhangwa bw'eihanga (ebisharara, enyanja hamwe n'emyanya y'enyanja), Na. 3 (1990)'. Gavumenti ya Uganda. (2016). Jayashree, B. (2018). ''Okwombeka eitaka kurinda eitaka kandi kwongyera aha ntaatsya y'abahingi n'abariisa ebicweka 20% omuri Mali''. https Johnson, A.I. (1963a). ''Enkora y'omumwanya y'okupima okutaahirira''. USGPO, https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/wsp Kasolo, W. K., &26; Temu, AB. (2008). Okutoorana emiringo y'emiti omu by'obuhingi n'oburiisa omuri buffer zone: Enshonga y'ekibira kya Budongo omu Uganda. ' Miiro, R. (1999). Enshonga ezirikureetaho enkoresa y'eitaka omu myanya y'emishozi omu disiturikiti ya Kabale, Uganda. ''Okugumyaho faamu y'ensi yoona: Empapura ezitoronoreirwe kuruga omu rukiiko rw'ensi yoona or ''MN15680.pdf''. (n.d.). Kikatwarwa okwezi kwa kashatu 19, 2016, kuruga aha https://www.cifor-icraf.org/publications/downloads/P Morris, M. &26; Energy, N. (2006). Okucondooza aha businguzi bw'eitaka: Ebikwato n'emiringo y'esente nkye. ''Ekitongore ky' Ndemere, J. (2018). ''Ebikwatireine na tekinorogye y'okurinda eitaka n'amaizi aha bintu by'eitaka omuri Maziba Sub Catchment, Kabale_U Nseka, D. , Kakembio, V. , Mugagga, F. , Semakula, H. , Opedes, H. , Wasswa, H. , 26; Ayesiga, P. (2022). Ebirikukwata aha mutindo gw'eitaka aha kutsinduka kw'eitaka omu byaro bya kigezi omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izoo Rivenshield, A., 26; Bassuk, N. L. (2007). Okukoresa empindahinduka y'obuhangwa okukyendeeza obwingi bw'eitaka n'okwongyera amaani g'eitaka. ''Arbor Rusoke, C. , Nyakuni, A. , Mwebaze, S. , Okorio, J. , Akena, F. , 26; Kimaru, G. . Orwamukaaga, A., Hernegger, M., Kangume, S., 26; Stecher, G. (2025). Okuhinduka omu bwire n'omwanya gw'omutindo gw'amaizi g'omumyanya y'obuhingi n'oburiisa Shinde, P. &26; Chavhan, S. (2018a). ''Obukoryo bw'okurinda amaizi: Emyanya y'okutamburiraho''. https://www.mahasib Shinde, P. &26; Chavhan, S. (2018b). ''Obukoryo bw'okurinda amaizi: Emyanya y'okutamburiraho''. https://www.mahasib Stephens, T. (2010a). ''Manual on small earth dams''. FAO; https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/8909e1-0cfb-48b Stephens, T. (2010b). ''Manual on small earth dams''. FAO; https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/8909e1-0cfb-48b Truong, P., Van, TT, &x26; Pinners, E. (2008). Akatabo k'eby'emikono akarikukwata aha nkora ya Vetiver. ''The Vetiver United States Natural Resources Conservation. (1981). ''Ponds: Planning, design, construction''. Ekitongore ky'eby'obuhingi ekya Amerika. https://books.google.com/books USDA. (n.d.-a). ''Ekitongore ky'ahonaaho eky'okureebuuza ebifaananyi''. USDA. (n.d.-b). ''Obutiti bw'eitaka/Obusingye/Obwire: Ekitabo ky'abeegyesa''. Zeng, F. , Zuo, Z. , Mo, J. , Chen, C. , Yang, X. , Wang, J. , Wang, Y. , Zhao, Z. , Chen, T. , 26; Li, Y. (2021). Okufeerwa kwa nayitrojeni na phosphorus kuruga omu kuhinga omuceeri n'ebicoori: Okucondooza omu kicweka kya Dongjiang, omu mashuuma ga China. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] b0j1qv0w4v0tfvfb2mfma87l1x1zdg0 7240695 7240694 2026-07-06T07:17:39Z Elivis256 2609238 /* 7.1 Ebigyendererwa n'obuhango' */ 7240695 wikitext text/x-wiki = [[File:Water_development_program_and_IHE_Delft_logos.png|147x147px]] [[File:Sfr2cc_climate_resilience_logo.jpg|108x108px]] = ''EKITABO KY'OKUKORESHA AMAIZI AHA FARMU OMU KITUNDU KYA MAZIBA, KIGEZI' = ''1. OKUTAMBURA AMAZI OMU MAZIBA SUB-CATCHMENT''' = = ''0.1 Ekikwatiraine niki?'' ' = 'ekicweeka'' (oba omwanya gw'amaizi) n'ekicweeka ky'eitaka ryona ekirikurundaana enjura n'amaizi kuruga omu mwanya ogurikwetengwa (omugyera, enyanja, n'ebirara). Omuri Maziba, enjura yoona erikugwa aha nshozi n'amahamba (ekicweeka ky'amaizi) ekahwaho erikuraba omu migyera y'amaizi, erikuriisa Kagera/enyanja ya Victoria (Saturday et al. , 2015). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, abahingi b'aha rushozi haihi n'amaizi, ku barikubaasa kuboneza ebibira nainga okuhinga eitaka ry'amabaare hatariho buffers, nibasindika ebisharara hamwe n'eby'okurya omu maizi, ebirikuteganisa abantu abari haihi n'eibiikiro ry'amaizi. N'ahabw'ekyo, enkuba neeza ahaiguru, erikuraba ahagati n'ahansi, kandi erikuruga omu maizi, erikureeta okwiirira, ebyetaago by'omu maka hamwe n'eby'obuhangwa bw'ensi omu muhanda. = ''1.2 Enjura Eihunga Emitendera y'okutaaha''' = Enkora y'okutebekanisa amaizi omu myanya y'okwihiramu amaizi neekoresa ebintu ebirikugyenda omu maisho n'ebirikugyenda omu maisho. <math display="inline">P - ET - Q = \mathrm{\Delta}S + \mathrm{\Delta}G + \mathrm{\Delta}W</math> ahu ''P'''' n'okugwa kw'enjura, ''Q'' n'okushuka kw'amaizi, ''ET'' n'okushuka kw'amaizi, ''D'S'' n'empindahinduka omu itaka/amaizi g'ahansi, ''G'' [[File:Simplified_partitioning_of_rainfall.png|443x443px]] Ekishushani:1 Okwegaita kw'enjura (P) omu nkoragana y'amaizi eya Q, E, hamwe n'okugibiika/okugibiika omu nkoragana y'amai ''Runoff drivers on slopes:'' Steeper slopes generate faster runoff because water has less time to infiltrate and is more likely to erode soil. Maziba's terrain is very hilly (steep topography...results in high erosion potential, so gravity-driven runoff is strong. ''Eby'obuhangwa:''Eby'obuhangwa hamwe n'emirandira nibikyerereeza amaizi n'okureetaho entunguuka. Okutwarira hamwe, eitaka eriri ahansi y'ekibira n'obunyasi, niritwara amaizi juba kukira eitaka eritarikwetengwa. Ebintu ebirikuruga omu bimera hamwe n'ebihingwa, nibikoma eitaka omu bintu ebirikwetengwa, ekirikureetaho omwanya murungi gw'amaizi. Omuri Maziba, eitaka eririkukira obwingi n'eitaka ry'ebihingwa (ebihimba, ebitookye, ebihimba, n'ebirara) eririmu ebibira bikye. N'ahabw'ekyo, okureebeka ngu eitaka rikwetengwa, n'eky'omugasho omu kukyendeeza amaizi g'amaizi. ''Enkora y'amaizi okutaaha omu itaka:'' Amaizi nigategyekwa entuura hamwe n'entekateka. Entekateka y'eitaka, eitaka eririmu omusheenyi riine emifuregye mihango, n'ahabw'ekyo omu kutandika riine emifuregye mihango (obwire obwingi x3E;7. 6 mm/hr). Eitaka eririmu omusheenyi riine emifuregye mihango kandi niribaasa kukyendeeza okutaaha ahari x3C;1. 3 mm/hr. Eitaka rya Maziba riine emifuregye y'eitaka omu itaka (Nseka et al. , 2022), ekirikworeka Eitaka ryomire niryejunisa juba, kwonka nk'oku ririkwejunisa, omuhendo nigukyendeera kuhisya ahamutwe ogurikukirayo kukyerererwa. Omu bugufu, entunguka y'eitaka neetwarwa omwanya ogurikukirayo kukyerererwa (Johnson, 1963). Emeeza: Okutekateka kw'obushoboorozi bw'eitaka kurugirira aha mitendera y'eitaka hamwe n'eitaka. {| class="wikitable" !Soil Texture (HSG) !Land Cover/Condition !Infiltration Rate (mm/hr) |- |Sandy (Group A) |Forest/grass (loose) |&#x3E;8–15 (high) |- |Sandy (Group A) |Cropland (tilled) |~4–8 |- |Loamy (Group B/C) |Mixed vegetation |~3–6 |- |Loamy (Group B/C) |Compacted/bare |~1–3 |- |Clayey (Group D) |Vegetated |~1–3 |- |Clayey (Group D) |Cultivated (dry surface) |~0.2–1 (very low) |} Ebirikugambwaho ahaiguru nibyoreka ngu ''eitaka n'ebihingwa''' nibikorera hamwe: n'eitaka eririmu amabaare, niribaasa kukyendeeza munonga okutaaha omunda y'eitaka ku riraabe rikoresiibwe. Omuri Maziba, eitaka eriri ahansi y'eitaka eririmu ebimera birungi (nk'okureeberaho, ebicweka by'ebibira) niritaha omunda y'eitaka juba, kwonka = ''1.3 Ebirikureetaho Okugaruka omuri Maziba''' = Omu kicweka kya Maziba, ebintu bingi nibibaasa kurwanisa emifuregye n'okutsinduka kw'eitaka: * ''Slopes steepness:'' Ensozi ezirikukwata amaizi (okutuuka ahari ~25° n'okukiraho ahari ridges) nizikyendeeza amaizi. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu ebicweka bya Kigezi nka Maziba n'ebicweka ''hot spots'' ahabw'okushwekyerera amaizi. Omu by'okureeberaho, ebiragiro bya Uganda nibigamba ngu emishozi <3E;15% (nk'ebirikwingana na 8.5°) n'emishozi, ahu emishororongo hamwe n'okurinda kw'amaani kurikubaasa kuzi * ''Ebitongore by'eitaka hamwe n'okubiika:'' Ebihandiiko ebirikukwata ahari Maziba tibikye, kwonka okucondooza kw'omubyaro nikworeka oburugo bw'eitaka oburimu ebyoma by'eitaka (Nseka et al. , 2022). Eitaka ry'eitaka (ekibinja ky'amaizi ekya C/D) nirizibira munonga okutaahirira (obwire obwingi C3C;2 mm/hr (Brunner, 2026), n'ahabw'ekyo ebicweka nibirugwamu amaizi maingi buri njura kukira ebicweka by'eitaka. * ''Okugumya eitaka hamwe n'ebintu ebirikukwata aha itaka:''Okuhinga munonga hamwe n'okutambura kw'amatungo nikureetaho okugumya eitaka ry'ahaiguru. Okugumya eitaka ry'ahansi nainga ery'ahansi (ebirikukira kubaho ahabwa karboni w'eby'obuhangwa kukye) nikukyerereza amaizi okutaaha. Okucondooza okwakozirwe omwihanga nikuhamya ngu Maziba eine ''oburemeezi bw'abantu baingi, okutema emiti, hamwe n'okuhinga munonga'', byona ebirikureeta okushenya kw'eitaka hamwe n'okukyerererwa kw * '''Enkora y'okureeberera eitaka n'okurinda eitaka:'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Okutwarira hamwe, ''okwihaho kw'amaizi n'okw'amaani''''''okwihaho kw'amaizi'''''okwihaho kw'amaizi'''''okwihaho kw'amaizi''''''okwihaho kw'amaizi''''okwihaho kw'amaizi''''okwihaho kw'amaizi'''''okwihaho kw'amaizi'(Ndemere, 2018). <blockquote>''Embeera y'obwire hamwe n'enjura:'' Nk'oku kyagambirwe, enjura nyingi omu siizoni nkye, nereeta amaizi maingi. Abahingi bashemereire kumanya ngu amaizi maingi nigabaho omu njura za MarchMay na SeptemberNov (Saturday et al. , 2025). Okushushana kw'obwire (obwire bw'ekyanda n'obwire bw'obunyogovu) nikimanyisa okujanjaara n'obwire bw'okutaaha omu itaka: eitaka niriguma rigumire omu bwire bw'ekyanda, bwanyima rikatandika okutsya ama</blockquote> = ''1.4 Okucondooza kw'omurimo''' = Enkora egi erikukurataho neebaasisa abahingi n'abakozi b'eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa kukyendeeza ahonaaho omutindo gw'eitaka aha faamu. Ebi nibibaasa kukorwa n'ebikwato byorobi (omutegyeki, konteyina, ekyoma ky'eitaka, n'ebirara) kandi bikahandiikwa omu # ''Okuteebereza oburengye:''Pima oburengye bw'omwanya orikukoresa ''clinometer'' (inclinometer), app y'esimu ey'omungaro erimu omurimo gwa level, nainga omuringo gwa Rise over Run (teeka ekikopo kya level board nainga string aha buringwa oburikumanywa ## '''''Oburungi bwahansi:''''&#3C;3% (burungi) okubyara okwa buriijo kurabira omu mpindahinduka. ## ''''''Eky'oburyo:'''''315% kozesa okubyara ebishushani, ebishushani, n'ebishushani. ## ''''Steep:'''''&#3E;15% nibyetenga okurambura nainga obuhwezi bw&#39;ekitebe. Handiika oburengye omu bicweka ahari igana bwa buri # ''Runoff observation:''' Bwanyima y'enjura nyingi, reeba ahu amaizi garikutamburira hamwe n'okwiruka. Sima akatimba kakye k'okukyeberwa (3050 cm obuhango) aha rushozi, ozibire enkomerero emwe, kandi opimire amaizi agarikurundana nainga agarikurugaho omu bwire oburikwetengwa. Reeba omutindo gw'eitaka: reeba emifuregye (emikutu mikye) nainga empapura z'okutamburira. # ''Kyebera entekateka y'eitaka hamwe n'okushwekyerera:'' Aha myanya mikye,sima ekinnya kikye (~20 cm deep) oyetegyereze entekateka y'eitaka. Yetegyereze emitendera hamwe n'obwiire bw'ebikooko.Rundaana eitaka rikye reero osikyeberere mporampora: eitaka eririkucwekyereera, eririkucwekyereera nirirungi. Eitaka ryaba rikugumire, ririkuzibira juba, nainga ryaba riine okutangaara kw'eitaka nk'eibumba, entekateka Kozesa ''penetrometer y'omungaro''' (ku erikuba eriho) nainga omuggo gw'ebyoma ogurikwetengwa munonga: gyeza omu itaka eririmu orwezo, reeba oburemeezi bwa kg/cm2 nainga pawundi/in2 (nainga oburemeezi bwa cm2 oburikwetengwa. Okugumizamu kw'amaani munonga (nk'eky'okureeberaho ,&#3E;20003000 kPa) nikyoreka okukwatanisa. Reeba okubaho kw'oburemeezi nainga oburemeezi bukye (empinduka y' # ''Infiltration ring test:''' Teekaho ''infiltrometer'''' erikwetengwa orikuteeka empeta y'ekyoma (~2030 cm diameter) omuitaka (hammer it in 510 cm). Yiha amaizi maingi (eky'okureeberaho, obuziba bwa sentimita 5) omu mpeta kandi opime obwire bw'okuyiha omu mwanya mukye. Garukamu nainga ogarukemu omurundi gumwe. Okuteekaho empeta ibiri (empeta emwe omunda y'endiijo) nikirungi, kwonka empeta emwe neebaasa kworeka omuhendo. ## ''Fast''' (nk'eky'okureeberaho,&#x3E;10 mm/hr) erikwikiriza munonga. ## ''Moderate''' (210 mm/hr) okutaaha omunda. ## ''Slow'''' (&#x3C;2 mm/hr) oburemeezi oburikubaasa kubaho; teekateeka aha by'okukora. Handiika omuhendo ogupim # ''Okuhandiika ebirikukwataho:'' Kozesa emeeza yorobi kuhandiika ebirugiremu ahari buri mwanya ogurikworekwa. Nk'eky'okureeberaho: {| class="wikitable" !'''Site''' !'''Slope (%)''' !'''Land Use (Crop/Cover)''' !'''Penetrometer''' !'''Infiltration (mm/hr)''' !'''Soil Structure''' !'''Runoff Observed''' !'''Actions''' |- |1 |18 |Maize |2500 kPa |1.2 |Hardpan at 15 cm |Yes (rilling) |Needs terraces |- |2 |5 |Forest remnant |1500 kPa |12 |Granular |No |Good condition |- |3 |12 |Sweet potatoes |2000 kPa |3.5 |Some blockiness |Slightly (sheet) |Add mulch/cover |} ''Ebiragiro by'okusharaho ahonaaho''' Okuruga omu bihandiiko by'omumwanya, goberera ebiragiro byanguhi: # Orutindo rw'ahaiguru (&#x3E;15%): Ku oraabe otarikwetegyerezibwa munonga, kwombeka ebishengye nainga ebishengye by'omwata. # Orutindo oruri ahaiguru (315%): Kozesa enyiriri z'eitaka. Reeba ngu okoresa ebihingirwe ebirikwetengwa, okurinda eitaka. # Okutaaha omu itaka mpora mpora (&#x3C;12 mm/hr): Nikibaasa kukwatanisa nainga eitaka. Henda eitaka orikwihaho nainga okoresa eitaka # Okushara eitaka ahaiguru: Ku riraabe ririkushara eitaka (tihaine ebintu bingi ebirikubaasa kurundaana eitaka), gyezaho okushara kakye kandi ogume no # Okweyongyera kw'amaizi okureebeka: Hinga obunyasi nainga emigyera aha nkora yaayo, kandi oteekateekye aha bishengye bikye by'okukyebera amaizi g' # Okutaahamu okurikumara; okubikka: Ekibanja kyaba kirikworeka okutaahamu kw'amaani kandi kitarikwetomboita, enkora eriho obwahati neekumara; ok = ''2.'' '' ''BALANSI Y'AMAZIIGA N'EBYETENGYERO BY'AMAZIIGA'' '' = = ''2.1 Eitaka nk'enkora y'okubiika amaizi''' = Eitaka niribiika amaizi omu mwanya oguri ahagati y'ebicweka. Bwanyima y'enjura nainga okuhinga amaizi, amaizi agarikukira obwingi nigatwara amaizi g'omu itaka kuhisya obu eitaka ryahika aha field capacity (FC) amaizi amahango agarikuruga omu itaka, kandi amaizi agarikukwatwa emibugo gasigaireho (Datta et al. , 2017). Okweyongyera kwoma ahagati y'ebimera kurugwamu amaizi g'omumaisho (PWP) amaizi g'omu itaka nigakwatwa munonga (~1500 kPa) kandi emizi y'ebimera terikubaasa kugigura (Datta et al. Amaizi agarikukoresibwa ebihingirwe n'amaizi agari ahagati ya FC na PWP; ekirikushushana, 'amaizi agarikukoresibwa' (AWC nainga TAW) ni FC okwihaho PWP. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, eitaka ry'eitaka riine FC~2510% vol na PWP~1215% vol, n'ahabw'ekyo AWC ~1015% vol (Datta et al. , 2017) (Reeba omuzaano 1 okumanya omuhendo gw'obuhangwa. Amaizi g'omu itaka nigapimibwa kurabira omu kushwijuma gravimetric (okupima eby'okureeberaho by'omubitaka batakanyomire/bwanyima y'okwomya omuriro) hamwe n'emitwarize ya pressure-plate nainga sensa. Ebyoma by'okukoresa omu rabaratore nibibaasa kumanya FC na PWP aha bwimukiriro oburikwetengwa (-333 na -1500 kPa, kurugiriraho). Omu mwanya, ebyoma ebirikukwata aha bwingi (Time-domain reflectometry, capacitance probes) nibihereza ebirikushomwa; ebyoma ebirikukwata aha Orupanka 1 nirushoboorora omu bwijwire FC, PWP, hamwe na AWC ezirikujwekyera entuura y'eitaka nyingi (ebihandiiko kuruga omu USDA/oburugo bw'eitaka (Datta et al. , 2017). Ebitongore ebi nibyoreka: eitaka ry'omusheenyi niribaasa kuba riine FC=21% vol na WP=9% vol (AWC=12%), kwonka {| class="wikitable" !'''Texture''' !'''FC (% vol)''' !'''WP (% vol)''' !'''AWC (% vol)''' |- |Sand |10 |4 |6 |- |Sandy loam |21 |9 |12 |- |Loam |27 |12 |15 |- |Sandy clay loam |36 |16 |20 |- |Clay loam |29 |18 |11 |- |Clay |40 |22 |18 |} omuhendo gw'eitaka= FC; omwanya gw'okunyogoza ogw'obutwire = PWP; amaizi agari omu bimera= AWC= FCPWP ahabw'eitaka er = ''2.2 Ebika by'eitaka omuri Maziba''' = Ekicweka kya Maziba (Kigezi region, S.W. Uganda) kirimu ensozi n'ebibanda. Ebibiina by'eitaka ebirikukirayo oburungi ni Luvisols (~42%) hamwe na Acric Ferralsols (~31%) hamwe na Planosols (~22%) (Ndemere, 2018), ebirikworeka eitaka eririmu amaizi, eririmu asidi, eririmu amaizi marungi, eririkujanjaara munonga. # ''Eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka. Ebihingirwe ebiri ahaitaka ry'omusheenyi omuri Maziba, nibyetenga okwihirirwa nainga enjura; ebisharara hamwe n'eby'obuhangwa nibihwera okurinda obugimu. Ahabw'obutungi bukye, eitaka eri nirigasirwa omu kuhunduuza. Okuhinga kurungi n'okushereka omwitaka nikyetengwa okwetantara okurundaana n'okugwa kw'amaizi. # ''Eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka. Kwonka, enjura nyingi neebaasa kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika kutandika, eitaka ryaba riine amaizi marungi, kwonka riine amaizi marungi, n'obuhangwa burungi hamwe n'ebintu ebirikukwata aha magara g'omuntu. Okubiika eitaka hamwe n'ebishengye nibikora kihango omu kutandika kutandika kutandika. # ''Eitaka ry'aha rubaju rw'orushozi eririkwetengwa:'''Aha myanya y'ebibanda nainga engyendo za faamu, eitaka niribaasa kweyongyera (BD ~1. 51. 7 g/cm3 nainga ahaiguru), okukyendeeza emifuregye hamwe n'okutaaha. Eitaka nk'eryo niryoreka AWC nkye (emifuregye egwire) hamwe n'oburemeezi bwingi bw'okugwa. '''Okureberera:'''Okugarura busya nikitwariramu okusharamu emifuregye y'omu eitaka nainga emifuregye y'omu eitaka (nk. , kurabira omubinyasi nainga ebicoori) nikihwera okuhenda ebicweka ebirikuteerwaho obwire ku buraahweire. = ''2.3 Root Zone Water Management''' = Ebihingirwe ebirikukira obwingi omuri Maziba biine emizi mikye munonga (obwire obwingi 0.10.3m ahabw'ebicoori, emboga, ebinyeebwa), nahabwekyo eitaka eririkugaba amaizi rikye munonga. Omuzi mukye nigukwata amaizi makye munonga, nahabwekyo n'okukoresa amaizi omu muringo oguri ahaiguru nikukumaraho juba. Okuhinga (nainga enjura) kushemereire kuba nikukorwa buri kaire. 2 m root zone ne AWC ~10% vol neekwata 20 mm zonka ez'amaizi; 5 mm buriizooba ez'ebihingirwe nizikoresa 25% zaago omu eizooba rimwe, n'ahabw'ekyo okwitirira nikubaasa kwetengwa buri biro 34 omu bwire bw'okukoresa munonga. Oyihireho emizi, amaizi nigabaasa kuhika ahaiguru. Okuhika ahaiguru y'emizi nikukira kubaho omubihingirwe (okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho okwihaho. , hamwe n'amaizi ag'omwonyo) nigabaasa kureeta omwonyo omu myanya y'ebikooko. Amaizi omu njura nyingi nainga okwitirira nigabaasa kurabira omu eitaka kurabira omu myanya y'ebikooko, emihanda y'ebikooko, nainga ebinnya by'ensiri, okugyenda juba omu eitaka eririkwetengwa munonga (okukoresa amaizi g'omwonyo). Okukoresa amaizi g'omwonyo, nikyetenga okukoresa omuringo gumwe n'okureeberera eitaka eririkwetengwa munonga (nk. , kurabira omu bihingwa by'okushereka. = ''2.4 Okutunguura entekateka y'eitaka''' = Enkora nungi y'eitaka neeyongyera amaizi, okwegaita, hamwe na AWC. Eby'okukora ebikuru nibitwariramu okwongyera eby'obuhangwa, okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka, okushoreka, n'ok * ''Eby'obuhangwa:''Okuteekamu orwezo, orwezo, nainga orwezo, mporampora nikweyongyera ahaby'obuhangwa by'eitaka (OM). OM erikukiraho neekwata amaizi kandi neetunguura okukwatanisa (omu muringo ogutahikire n'okureetaho AWC). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza kumwe kukashanga ngu okuteekamu orwezo orurimu omusheenyi ogurikwingana ebitundu 3350% eby'ebyokurya-ebisasiro (omubwingi) kik (N'obu ebishare by'okuhindura eitaka biri ahaiguru munonga, nibyoreka ngu n'okwongyera omutindo gw'eitaka, nikibaasa kukyendeeza amaani g'eitaka n'okwongyera amaani g'eitaka.) Omu kukoresa, okwongyera ~510 t/ha za komputa nainga orwezo buri mwaka, nikibaasa kutandika kutunguura ebyombeko omu bwire bwa sizooni 12 n'ebindi. Omu bwire bureingwa (35 emyaka), okukyebera eitaka nikyoreka ngu omutindo gw'eitaka niguky * ''Okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka:'''Okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka (no-till or low-till) nikireebeka nk'ekintu ky'omugasho kandi kizibira okutandika kw'ebishushani (plow pans). Okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka, nikikuuma eitaka okurekyera enjura n'okukyendeeza okusibira. Okukyendeeza omutindo gw'eitaka nikiyamba eitaka (earthworms, emizi) okurinda emifuregye. * ''Ebihingirwe ebirikwetoroora:''Okuhinga ebihingirwe ebirikwetoroora nainga orwezo orurikutukura (okureeberaho, ebicoori, ebinyasi) ahagati y'ebihingirwe ebikuru, nikyongyera emihanda y'emirandira erikugumizamu hamwe n'ebirikwetoroora. Ebihingirwe ebirikwetoroora nibihwera omu kuhenda okwetoroora kw'eitaka, kandi ebisigaire nibyongyera OM. Omu myaka 23 y'okuhinga ebihingirwe ebirikwetoroora, eitaka niryoreka entunguuka omu OM (okureeberaho, +12% OM), okuky * ''Okwongyeramu orwezo:''Okujanjaaza orwezo oruherize kukorwa (omu mbuga, omu kiyungu, nainga omu faamu) reero orukwatanisa omu itaka ery'ahaiguru, nirureeta eby'obuhangwa ahonaaho. N'okukoresa orwezo rumwe (nk'eky'okureeberaho, 10 g/ha) nikibaasa kwongyera OM y'eitaka n'obucweka 0.51% kandi kikongyera amaizi omu itaka. Omu myanya y'omusheenyi, okwongyera ~23% or Omu bwingi, okucondooza kwingi nikuhamya ngu okwombeka OM nikukyendeza omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo gw'omutindo ''Emitendera y'omugasho hamwe n'obwire:''' Ahonaaho, abahingi nibabaasa kukoresa omusiri gw'ebihingirwe nainga orwezo kureeba entunguuka nkye omu siizoni emwe. Okwihaho okuhinga okutarikwetengwa (no-till) nikutandika kurinda ebyombeko ahonaaho. Kwonka, okwombeka OM ey'amaani (n'empindahinduka empango omuri BD nainga AWC) buriijo nikyetenga sizoni nyingi. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza kworeka enkora em N'ahabw'ekyo, okutunguura entuura y'eitaka n'omuringo ogurikugyenda mporampora, kwonka emigasho y'okugaruraho amaizi n'okugarukamu (n'amasharuura g'ebihingirwe) neeyongyera buri mwaka. = ''2.5 Okukyebera Omutindi gw'eitaka''' = ''Enkora y'omu musiri:''Okugyezaho okurikukirayo obwangu n'okukyebera ngaro nainga ''okuhurira n'okureebeka''', omu muringo ogu omuhingi nashima eitaka rikye kuruga omu kicweka ky'ebikooko, reero arikushwijuma obunyogovu kurugirira aha kukwata n'okureebeka. Eitaka eririmu amaizi marungi, nirikora omupiira ogurimu amaizi ag'obugabe, kwonka ku rigumire, nirikora omupiira ogurimu obunyogovu bukye, kandi ku gukaba gwomire, nigugwa juba Enkora y'okucondooza eitaka erikukoresa engaro neehwera omu kwihaho eby'okukyeberwa hatariho kutaataaganisa. ''Okubaasa kukyeberwa kurungi, ''gravimetric method''' neekoresibwa: kurundaana eby'okukyeberwa, okubikyebera, okubikyeberera omu oven, n'okubiika omutindo gw'eitaka kurugirira aha bwingi. Eki nikiheereza eby'okukyeberwa ebihikire (kurabira omuri BD)'''(Morris&#26; Energy, 2006)'', kwonka nikyetenga ebyoma by'okukyebera hamwe ''Sensara hamwe n'ebyoma:'' Sensara ezirikukira kuteebwaho zirimu: * ''Tensiometers:'' Pima obushoboorozi bw'eitaka (suction) butunu. Tensiometer n'omukutu ogujuziibwemu amaizi, ogurimu akacweka k'eitaka hamwe n'ekipimo ky'obutabanguko. Nikigyenda omu maisho n'eitaka kugira ngu okushoma kwa gauge kworekye oburemeezi bw'eitaka. Tensiometers n'ez'omuhendo mukye (eza doora 50-150 buri emwe) kandi nizikora kurungi omu itaka ry'obutiti (080 cb), kwonka nizetenga okugarurwa busya ( * ''Ebikyeberwa by'obunyogovu bw'eitaka (ebikyeberwa by'amashanyarazi):' '' Ebi nibyeza amaizi agari omu eitaka kurugirira aha buremeezi bw'eitaka (capacity or TDR). Ebikyeberwa by'omutindo (okureeberaho , FDR, TDR) nibiba bihikire munonga (x3C; 1% enshobi yaaba ekyeberwa) kandi nibibaasa kukwatanisibwa aha bikyeberwa. Kwonka, nibishashurwa esente nyingi kandi nibyetenga okuteebwaho n'obwegy * ''Mita z'omungaro:'' 'Mita z'obunyogovu (analog nainga za digito) nazo ziriho. N'ez'omuhendo mukye kandi nizihereza VWC y'ahonaaho nainga oburemeezi aha nshonga. Obutuufu nibushushana, = ''OKUSHARURA AMAZI G'ENYANJA N'OKUGABIRA AMAZI AHA FARMU''' = ' Okusharuura amaizi nikushoboororwaho nk'okurundaana, okutwara, n'okubiika amaizi g'enjura g'okukoresa omu kuhinga eby'okurya (ebihingirwe by'ebyokurya, amarindiro, n'emiti), okutunga amatungo, n'okukoresa omu maka. Okushoroora, okusharuura amaizi g'enjura n'omuringo gw'okurundaana n'okutunguura omurimo gw'amaizi g'enjura n'okukyendeeza amaizi g'enjura agatarikukora. Eki nikitwariramu okurundaana amaizi g'enjura kuruga omu mwanya ogurikwetwariramu amaizi g'enjura Omu mikutu mikye, amaizi nigarundaanwa kuruga omu itaka eriri haihi n'emyanya y'obuhingi, kandi omu mikutu mikuru, amaizi amahango nigakoresibwa kurungi nainga nigaterekyerwamu okwitirira. Enjura eine enshonga ina: (1) enjura nereetaho okurundaana kw'amaizi, (2) aha bigyere by'emishozi, amaizi nigarundaana omu myanya y'ebisharara, (3) aha, amaizi agarikukira obwingi nigeeshereka kandi gabiikwa omu myanya y'ebisharara, kandi (4) bwanyima y'okwemerera, amaizi agaterekirwe nigarindwa.<blockquote>''3.1 Ebicweka by'enkora y'okureeberera amaizi g'enjura omu by'obuhingi'' Enkora yoona y'okushorooza amaizi erimu emyanya y'okushorooza amaizi (oburugo bw'amaizi), engyenderwaho y'okutwara amaizi, hamwe n'okubiika hamwe n'okukoresa. Emyanya y'okushorooza amaizi erimu emyanya y [[File:Components_of_pond_system.png|490x490px]]</blockquote>''Ekishushani 1: Ebicweka by'enkora y'okushorooza amaizi g'enjura (Maimbo et al., 2007)' = ''3.1 Emyanya y'okureeberaho hamwe n'ebishengye''' = Ekigyendererwa kya kontur Bunds and Terraces n'okukyendeeza emifuregye, okurinda obutagatsi bw'eitaka, okukyendeeza okutsinduka kw'eitaka, n'okugarura busya amaizi g'ahansi aha musiri ogurikwera. Kontur bunds hamwe na terrace systems nizikyendeeza amaizi g'aha rushozi, okugyema amaizi kuza omu bidiba n'okwejumba (Rusoke et al. , 2000). Eitaka rya Maziba eririkwera hamwe n'enjura nyingi nibirugwamu okufeerwa eitaka ry'amaani hamwe n'okugwa kw'amaizi. Nibashemereire munonga omu myanya ya Maziba erikwera kandi nibabaasa kukoresibwa omu buhingi oburikumara omwaka gumwe na gumwe. nobu haaba hariho ekyanda, eitaka eririmu amashanyarazi, nirishagika okukura kw'ebihingirwe kumara obwire bureingwa. ''Enkora hamwe n'obuhango bwa Bondo''' Bunda buriijo ziine ekicweka kya trapezoidal: obugazi bwa crest ni 0.250.3 m, obugazi bwa base ni 0.81.0 m, n'oburaingwa ni 0.30.5 m (oburengye bw'amabaare nibukye munonga) (Government of Uganda, 2016). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, ekiragiro kimwe n'oburaingwa bwa bund oburi nka 0.25 m, oburengye bwa 25 m, oburengye bw'amabaare n'oburengye bwa 1:1 (Government of Uganda, 2016). Tie ridges or beckers (small cross-bunds ~23 m long) nizibaasa kugabanya eitaka omu micro-catchments, okukyendeeza obwire bw'okutambura kw'obusingye ahagati ya bundi (Shinte&#26; Chavan, 2018a). Ebintu ebirikukoresibwa buriijo n'eitaka (oba amabaare g'amabaare). Orukarara rwa 3.1 nirugyeragyeranisa emiringo ya bondi: {| class="wikitable" !'''Bund Type''' !'''Materials''' !'''Typical Size''' !'''Cost''' !'''Notes''' |- |Earthen Contour Bund |Excavated soil (on-site) |Height 0.25–0.5 m, base 0.8–1.0 m |Low |Simple, all-labor; requires compaction; suitable slopes ≤10%. |- |Stone/rock Bund |Local stones &#x26; soil |Height 0.3–0.5 m, base ~1 m |Med |More durable, costly (materials, labor); good on steeper sites. |- |Bench Terraces |Earthen bench + cut terrace |Bench width ≥1 m, height 0.3–0.5 m |Med-High |For steeper slopes (&#x3E;10%), heavy excavation and high labour. |- |Graded (Fanya Juu) |Cut + throw downslope |As above, with the down-slope face |Low |Upslope cut, downslope bund; good for reversible field irrigation. |} ''Emisingye ya inginiya'' Emyanya y'eitaka neekora nk'eibiikiro ry'amaizi ery'akanya kakye. Ahabw'okwongyera aha muhanda gw'amaizi n'okubiika amaizi, nibongyera obwire bw'okutaaha omunda. Emyanya y'eitaka erikwetengwa kurungi neetandikaho ebyoma bikye. Omwanya oguri ahaiguru n'ahaiguru nigugyenda omu maisho: emyanya y'eitaka erikwetengwa n'emyanya mihango (1020 m), kwonka emyanya y'eitaka erikwetengwa n'emyanya y'eitaka buri mita 5 Emifuregye y'amaizi nainga emifuregye y'amaizi (emifuregye mikye erimu ebimera) neebaasa kuba neeyetengwa omumwanya mureingwa, okubaasa kutwara amaizi agarikurengaho kurungi. ''Okuronda omwanya'' Teeka aha myanya y'oburengye (210%). Yetantare emyanya y'ahansi, ahu amaizi garikubaasa kurundaana ahaiguru y'obwiire bw'eitaka; yetantare emyanya eri haihi n'emigyera y'amabaare. Toorana emyanya y'eitaka eririmu amaizi marungi (eitaka eririmu amabaare g'eitaka) hamwe n'eitaka eririkwetengwa munonga, kugira ngu okorekye kurungi. Eitaka rishemereire kuhikaana n'emitendera y'obuhangwa. ''Emitendera y'okwombeka'' (1) Reeba enyiriri z'eitaka n'omutindo gw'orunyiriri. (2) Sima ekinnya kitari ky'amaani ekya V- nainga U-nk'omutindo gw'orunyiriri; teeka ahansi erikwetoroora ahari zero. (3) Kozesa eitaka ry'okushara kukora enju y'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'orunyiriri rw'oruny (6) Ku orikukoresa emifuregye, shaba ebiina bikye (80 × 80 × 40 cm) aha nsharo z'eitaka, kandi okozese eitaka eryo kukora emifuregye. ''Okutereeza'' Kyebera ebibanda bwanyima y'enjura nyingi. Yihaho nainga otereeza emyanya yoona erikuba eri ahaiguru ahonaaho; ogarukye otereeza emyanya yoona ei amatungo garikutamburira. Buri mwaka (nk'eky'okureeberaho, omu bwire bw'enjura, etakatandikire), yihaho ebicweka ebirikwetengwa. Kyebera emyanya y'okwihaho amaizi (ku haraabe hariho) kandi oyiheho omucuucu. Ebihingirwe bishemereire kukorwaho: obumwe omwata ni burungi kurinda eitaka, kwonka omwata nainga emiti mingi aha bibanda nibibaasa kurugwamu emifuregye ''Enshohoza/omugasho''' Okukoresa amabaare, nikitwara esente nkye. Okukoresa amabaare (okukoresa engaro) nikitwara esente nkye, okwihaho abakozi, kwonka ebyoma nainga amabaare nibitwara esente nyingi. Okukoresa amabaare nikitwara esente nkye (510% aha nshohoza y'okubanza. Omugasho gurimu okweyongyera kw'ebihingirwe (Embuto/oburo n'ebirara) hamwe n'okukyendeeza munonga oku ''Obugabe n'Enyamaishwa:''Rinda abantu hamwe n'amatungo kuruga ahansi y'ebibanda hamwe n'emyanya y'okwihaho amaizi, ahabw'okuba okugwa kw'ebigyere n'ebigyere nikubaasa kuhenda ekirikuzibira (Stephens, 2010). Okukinga nikubaasa kurinda ebibanda. Kureetaho emyanya y'okwihaho ama ''Eby'obuhangwa nibikwata aha buhangwa bw'ensi:'''Ebitongore ebirikujunanizibwa aha buhangwa nibikuuma eitaka kandi bikyendeeza amabaare omu migyera, birinda ebisharara hamwe n'emigyera. Nibihindura kakye omu nkoresa y'amaizi, ekirikubaasa kuba eky'omugasho, amaizi garikweyongyera ku garikweyongyera. Oyetantare ''Ebirikworeka okurondooza:'' Bwanyima y'okutandikaho, korondoora emihendo y'eitaka erikuhwerekyerera ahansi, obunyogovu bw'eitaka omu myanya erikuzingirwe, amaani g'ebihingirwe/amasharuura ahagati y'eitaka, hamwe n'okukyendera kw'eitaka. Rondoora oburungi bw = ''3.2 Micro-Catchments, Trenches&#x26; Negarims''' = Teeka amaizi agarikuruga omu maizi omu bibanda bikye, okureetaho emiti, ebisaka, nainga ebihingirwe omu myanya y'ekyanda. Ebihingirwe bikye (nk'eky'okureeberaho, ebisharara bya Negarim, V-trenches, semi-circular pits) nibikwata enjura kuruga omu mwanya oguri haihi, omu bisharara hamwe n'ebisharara, ekirikureetaho okutaahirira omu mizi (Government of Uganda, ''Obukuru bw'omukyanga'' Omu myanya ya Maziba ey'emishozi, amaizi makye (nk'eya Negarim) nigabaasa kucungura emiti emito nainga emiti y'omuhendo gw'ahaiguru kuruga omu bwire bw'ekyanda kurabira omu myanya yaabo. Ahabw'embeera y'obwire eya Maziba eya ~18 °C hamwe n'enjura y'emirundi ebiri (Saturday et al. , 2025), ebisharara ebi nibibaasa kubiika buri kintu kyona ekirikubaasika ''Emitwarize n'entekateka'' Ebishushani ebirikukira kukoresibwa harimu (a) ''Negarim (ebishengye bya dayimanda):'' 'ebishengye by'ekika kya dayimanda (~1050 m2) n'ekinnya kikye ky'okutaaha omunda (~2040 cm) aha kashonda kakye (Government of Uganda, 2016). ''Ebikondo by'ebishengye' ~0. 250. 4 m oburengye (<0. 25 m, emishororongo ~1:1) nibitwara amaizi. (b) ''Semi-circular or V-shaped basins:'' 'ebishengye ebirikwingura ebirikurengaho 4m deep) nizibaasa kusimbwa aha konturuti buri 210m, n'ebinnya bikye by'okubyara emiti (Government of Uganda, 2016). Orukarara rwa 3.3 nirugyeragyeranisa emiringo y'okukwata amaizi makye (Government of Uganda, 2016): {| class="wikitable" !Type !Catchment area !Pit size !Bund height !Slope limit !Cost !Use |- |Negarim (diamond) |10–100 m² per basin |20–40 cm deep |≥25–40 cm (bund) |up to ~5% |Low–Med |Fruit trees, fodder shrubs on dry land. |- |V/Semi-circular basin |5–50 m² (per unit) |20–40 cm deep |≥25 cm |≤5% |Low |Individual trees; small homestead pits. |- |Diamond (closed) |as above |20–40 cm |≥25 cm |≤5% |Low |More storage, small blocks of trees. |- |Contour trenches |strips between bunds |30–60 cm (deep) |Bund as needed (tie ridges) |≤15% |Low |Drainage across fields, crops on either side. |} ''Emisingye ya inginiya:'''Enkora ezi zoona nizigyenderera 'okusharuura' amaizi agarikuruga omu itaka kurabira omu kwongyera omwanya ogurikukwatagana (ebisharara ebirikwetoroora) hamwe n'okutuubya omutindo gw'amaizi. Amaizi agabiikirwe nigatemba omu mizi y'omu itaka. Ahabw'okugira ngu enjura ya Maziba neebaasa kuba nyingi, ebisharara/ebisharara bishemereire kukora aha maizi agarikuruga omu itaka agarikumara obwire bukye (ebiteekateeko by'eihunga ry'edakiika 510). ''Okuronda omwanya'' Toorana eitaka eririkwetoroora mporampora (&#x3C;58%) kwonka ritari rya buringaniza. Obuziba bw'eitaka bushemereire kuba oburikwingana mita 1.5 (emirandira neeyetenga). Yetantare oburikwetoroora amaizi aheeru y'ekishengye. Aha mwanya ogurikwetoroora munonga, kozesa V-catchments (ekirikwetoroora aha mbaju). Aha buri micro-catchment, reeba ngu hariho ekishengye kikye ekirikwetoroora ''Emitendera y'okwombeka:'' (1) Siimura ebimera aha mwanya ogurikwetorwamu amaizi. (2) Kozesa enyiriri kuragurira enyiriri. (3) Sima eitaka ry'ebikondo n'ebikondo omuri buri kicweka: sima ekikondo ahakona y'ekishengye, oyongyere eitaka kukora ebikondo okwetorora enyiriri, okwetorora kurungi. (4) Siimura ebikondo nk'oku orikwenda (~0. 250. 4 m) n'obugazi bwa haiguru oburikwingana na 0. 25 m. Siba ekinnya, kandi osigeho orwezo waaba oriho. (6) Aha minzaano mihango, teeka enyiriri z'omurongo gumwe hamwe n'obucweeka bw'omurongo ogurikukurataho. Oyongyereho orwezo rw'okushara ahaiguru y'orwezo, kyaba nikyetengyesa. ''Okugarura busya:'' Kyebera ebiina/ebikungu kare omu bwire bw'enjura. Bwanyima y'enjura y'amaani, kebera ebirikubaasa kuhenda ebiragyiro: garura busya ebiragyiro ahonaaho obwo orikwombeka ekituga n'okubiika. Yiihaho ebisharara ebiijwire ekituga (kuuma oburengye bw'ekituga). Rwanisa omwata nainga ebihingirwe okwetorora ekituga. Enkora y'eitaka erikwesherekwa eririkwiguraho neeyetenga okureebererwa kukye kukira amaizi agahikire, kwonka amaizi makye nigagasirwa omu kuboneza buri mwaka hamwe n'okutambura kw'eitaka kukagaruraho omuringo gw'okubanza. ''Okwerinda n'amatungo:''Rinda emisiri mikye kuruga omu nyamaishwa (okuteera ebikomera, abarinzi b'emiti). Aha bisharara ebihango, kwetantara kureka amatungo gatamburira omu biina nainga okwiruka aha bisharara. Ebikwato by'okwiirira ebiteirweho ebikomera, bishemereire kukoresibwa omu mwanya gw'okureka ente = ''3.3 Ebidiba bya faamu hamwe n'ebidiba bikye''' = Ekigyendererwa ky'ebidiba bya faamu hamwe n'ebidiba bikye n'okukwata amaizi maingi g'amaizi g'omu faamu, okwitirira, okuriisa amatungo n'ebyenyanja. Ebidiba bya faamu (ebidiba ebirikwombekwa nainga ebidiba by'eitaka) nibibiika amaizi omu bwire bw'ekyanda. Nibishemeza ''Eky'omugasho omu byaro:''' Omu byaro bya Maziba, ebidiba bikye nibibaasa kuheereza amaizi kurabira omu bwire bw'ekyanda obu emigyera erikuhweera. Ebidiba nibibaasa kukwata ebisharara kuruga omu misiri kandi bikakora nk'oburugo bw'amaizi g'ebyenyanja nainga amatungo. Ahabw'enjura ya mm 1000 buri mwaka, ekidiba ekiteirwe kurungi niki ''Emitwarize n'ebiragiro by'okukora'' Emiringo eshatu eya buriijo (1) Ekidiba ky'amaizi: Ekirikwombekwa ahansi y'eitaka. (2) Ekidiba ky'amaizi: Okwombeka ekidiba ky'eitaka omu kicweka ky'eitaka. (3) Ekidiba ky'amaizi: Ekidiba ky'amaizi ekirikwombekwa omu mbaju (nk'ekidiba ky'amaizi; kitari kya buriijo). Ekidiba ky'amaizi nikyo kirikukirayo oburungi buri mita. ''Ebicweka ebikuru eby'okukora'' Ebintu ebikuru ebirikwetengwa kukora dizayini birimu: # ''Obushoboorozi n'obuzito:''Reeba ngu omuhendo niguhikaana n'ebyetengo by'okwitirira/amatungo. Aha bihingwa ebirikubaho obwire buraingwa nainga ebyenyanja, rinda obuziba bw'amaizi oburikwingana n'ebicweka bina (1.2 m) omu bidiba ebirikukira obwingi. Obuziba obutarikukira obwingi bwa 1-1.5 m aha daamu ya freebord; obuziba oburikw # ''Dam/Embankment:''Hight = normal water depth + freeboard (security; typically, +0. 5 m). Waaba nookora daamu (embankment pond), emishororongo y'aha rubaju neekira kuba 2:1 (horizontal: vertical) nainga erikwetoroora ahabw'obutebekana. Oburaingwa bwa Crest ~0. 81. 0 m okuhikaho. Ekikondo ky'amaani (emishororongo y'eibumba etarikurabwamu) nikihaburwa # ''Inlet/Catchment:''Ziiha ahu amaizi g'obuhangwa garikubaasa kutwarwa omu payipu. Otakombeka aha migyera mihango etarikuhwaho okwihaho orusa rw'ekitongore (okuzibira okushandara kw'amaizi) rwatungirwe; reberera emigyera mikye nainga emigyera etarikureebeka. Ekicweka ky' # ''Omwanya gw'okucwekyereza amaizi:''Gushemereire kutwara kurungi amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g'amaizi g' Nk'ekiragiro, kora emihanda y'okwihaho amaizi erikubaasa kurabira omu muyaga ogurikukira kubaho (110 years return) hatariho kusisikara (United States Natural Resources Conservation, 1981). # ''Liner:''Ahaitaka eririkwetengwa kurungi (esande/amabaare maingi), rambura ahansi y'ekidiba okukyendeeza okujanjaara kw'amaizi. Eby'okureeberaho: eibumba eririkwetengwa (ery'esente nkye munonga, niribaasa kushatuka ku rikwoma), ebaruha y'obuveera erikuremeera (eya geomembrane, ey'omuhendo gw'ahaiguru/ey'oburungi bukye), nainga simenti (ey'ebihorooni). {| class="wikitable" !'''Spillway Type''' !'''Materials''' !'''Capacity''' !'''Slope''' !'''Cost''' !'''Notes''' |- |Earth/grass chute |Compacted soil + grass |Moderate (10-yr flood) |≤10% |Low |Needs wide channel; easy, erosion risk if vegetation fails (United States Natural Resources Conservation, 1981) |- |Concrete drop-inlet |Concrete weir + pipe |High (safe for large storms) |Vertical drop + riser |High |Durable; can use a trash rack to keep out debris; requires engineering. |- |Pipe spillway |HDPE or steel pipe |Moderate |N/A (buried) |Med |Handles small flows; must ensure anti-seep collars and trash racks. |} (Ekishushani 3.1 nikyoreka ekicweka ky'ekidiba ekiri aha rubaju rw'enyanja.) ''Okuronda omwanya:''Ronda omwanya ogurimu oburemeezi bw'obuhangwa nainga ekicweka kikye. Omwanya gw'ahansi gushemereire kuba gutarikutamburira (kyebera okutaahirira nainga kusima ebituga by'okugezesa). Yetantare emyanya erikutemba munonga (&#x3C;4:1 sides). Ku haakuba hatariho omwanya gw&#x3C;ebidiba by&#x3C;obuhangwa, ebidiba ebirikwombekwa ahaitaka ry&#x3C;. Omwanya tigushemereire kwijuza ebisharara ebiriho nainga kutwara emifuregye y'amaizi (okurinda okufuruka kw'ebyenyanja hamwe n'obugabe bw'amaizi). ''Emitendera y'okwombeka (Ekiziba ky'amaizi):''''' (1) Sima ekinnya ahagati y'ekidiba kuhisya ahakitebe ekitarikutamburira amaizi, ojwize enyima n'ekidiba ky'eibumba. (2) Yombeka ekidiba obwo orikuta eitaka omu bitafaari, orikwombeka buri kitafaari. (3) Shope dam slopes (2:1 or flatter) and crest width ~0.81 m. (4) Yombeka omuhanda gw'okwihaho amaizi. (5) Hendera enshonda z'eitaka, osimbe obunyasi, okuzibira okutsinduka kw'eitaka. (6) Jjuza ekidiba (enjura/okushandara kw'amaizi nainga omugyera oguhindukire). Aha ''ebidiba ebirikwombekwa'''' (tihaine daamu): Sima okuhika aha buziba oburikugyenda omu maisho (1-1. 5 kuhisya ku 1:3 enjuyi) ahabw'okwerinda. Nobaasa kukoresa ebicweka ebirikwombekwa kwombeka ekidiba kikye eky'aheeru. Reeba ngu omukutu gw'amaizi g' ''Okugarura busya:''Bwanyima ya buri njura, kyondooza daamu, omwanya ogurikutwarwamu amaizi, hamwe n'emyanya y'okunywamu amaizi. Ogarureho emyanya y'okunywamu amaizi ahonaaho (garuraho eitaka). Ogarureho emyanya y'okunywamu amaizi. Obwire n'obwire (nk'eky'okureeberaho , buri mwaka), kyondooza ebituuro by'enyamaishwa nainga ebimera ebirikutaaha omu daamu (eby'akabi) kandi oihemu emizi. Eby'okurya byaba biine oburugo, kyombeka ekidiba ky'okunywa, okuzibira ok 5 neeyoreka eky'okureeberaho kya karenda y'okugarura busya. ''Ebyokwerinda n'Eby'amahamba:''Hinga omwanya, okurinda enyamaishwa n'abaana okuruga aha rubaju rwa daamu hamwe n'emyanya y'amabaare.Hingaho omwanya gw'okwihirira amaizi g'enyamaishwa (nk'okureeberaho, okwihirira n'ebikondo bya siminti) omu mwanya gw'okwikiriza enyamaishwa kuguruka omu muringo ogurikwetengwa.Omwanya gw'okwihirira gushemereire kurekyerera ahu gurikubaasa ''Eby'obuhangwa bw'ensi:'' Ebidiba nibihindura amaizi agarikuruga omu maize g'omunda omu faamu, ekirikukira obwingi nikirungi (okukyerererwa kw'amaizi g'omunda, amaizi g'omunda kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka kugaruka. Kwonka, ebidiba nibibaasa kukyendeeza amaizi agarikuruga omu maize g'omunda; abateekateeki bashemereire kutereeza okubiika hamwe n'okurinda amaizi g'omunda. ''Ebirikworeka okurondoora:''Rondoora omutindo gw'amaizi hamwe n'okukoresa. Ebirikworeka ebikuru ni: okukoresa emihanda y'okwihaho amaizi (oburengye), omuhendo gw'amaizi (shemereire kukyendeeza ahanyima y'okushutama), hamwe n'omuhendo gw'okwongyera kw'ebisharara (ekipimirwe okurugiirira aha kuhwaho kw'amaizi). Kwonka pima okugaruka kwejumba n'okukoresa: ekidiba ekikozirwe kurungi = ''3.4 Enshonga ezirikukwata aha buhangwa bw'ensi, ebyokwerinda, hamwe n'ebisharara''' = Ekigyendererwa n'okureeba ngu ebyombeko byona tibirikubi (kandi nibirungi) eby'obuhangwa bya Maziba (ebisharara, emigyera) hamwe n'amagara g'abantu. ''Eby'omutaano omu byaro:''Ekicweka kya Maziba kirimu ebisharara hamwe n'emigyera y'amaani aha bantu hamwe n'enyamaishwa. Okuteekateekyera kurungi kushemereire kuzibira okushenyuka kw'amaizi n'okusiisikara kw'amaizi aga. Kandi, n'enjura nyingi hamwe n'eitaka ry'amaani, okuremwa kw'omurundi ''Wetland/Hydrology Principles:'' Okugumizamu n'emirimo y'obuhangwa y'amaizi: buffer strips (obunyasi nainga ebimera by'obuhangwa) zishemereire kuba aha nsharo z'ebisharara hamwe n'emyanya y'okwihiramu amaizi okurabamu ebiriisa hamwe n'ebisharara (Stephens, 2010b). Oyetantare okwiha amaizi kuruga omu bisharara ebirikwetengwa. Kozesa ebyombeko by'okwihiramu (bunds/trenches) kugarura busya amaizi, omu mwanya gw'okwiha amaizi omu bisharara. ''Okwerinda&#x26; Okwerinda amatungo:' # ''Okusimba orugo n'okuhika aha bintu:''Rinda enyanja ezirikwera, emyanya y'okwihaho amaizi, hamwe n'okusiba ebikondo nainga okubyara okurinda abantu n'ebintu byabo. Amaziba nainga # ''Obumanyiso bw'okurabura:'' Ku haraabe hariho ebidiba ebirikuhingura mita emwe omu maizi, teekaho obupande n'emidaara. Ebyombeko ebikozirwe abantu bishemereire kuba bita # ''Emiti/Hedges:'' Otabyara emiti aha mifuregye y'ebibanda nainga ahamiti y'ebibanda (emirandira neebaasa kureetaho emihanda y'okutamburira # ''Emihanda y'oburemeezi:'' Teekaho emihanda y'oburemeezi aha mwanya oguri ahaiguru kandi etarikukwata aha maka, okwetantara amaizi g'omunda ''Ebirikuteganisa eby'obuhangwa'' Ebyarugiremu nibitwariramu okweyongyera kw'amaizi n'okurinda eitaka. Ebyarugiremu nibikwatiraine n'okwombeka, kandi nibibaasa kukyendeezibwa kurabira omukukyebera eby'obuhangwa, okukoresa ebiina ebirikwetengwa kurungi (okugarura busya bwanyima y'okusima), n'okwetantara amaizi agatarikubaasa = ''3.5 Okuta omu nkora, enteekateeka y'okureeberera&#x26; Okucondooza'''' = <blockquote>''Rukarara rw'okukyebera okuta omu nkora''' Buri kitongore ky'okusharuura amaizi, reeba ngu: abantu b'omubyaro nibagura (abahingi/abantu b'omubyaro), nibatendekwa aha by'okwombeka, hamwe n'okukoresa eby'okukoresa eby'omubyaro. Kora okushwijuma eitaka kukirikubaasika ''Ebirikworeka okurondoora''' Oyihireho obubonero oburikukwata ahabyombeko ahaiguru, ebirikworeka byona birimu: omwanya ogweyongyeire ogw'okwitirirwa omu myezi y'ekyanda, amaizi g'ahansi gakye, n'okukyendera kw'ebihingirwe omu myaka y'ekyanda. Okukora okucondooza ahaby'amasharu ''Kalenda y'okureeberera''' Okugarura busya ebintu omu bwire, nikikureetera ebyoma kukora kurungi. Tabule 3.6 ahansi n'eky'okureeberaho ky'ebiro by'okugarura busya ebintu (</blockquote>[[File:Maintenance_calendar_example.png|410x410px]] ''Ekishushani:'' Eky'okureeberaho eky'obwire bw'okureeberera. Kyebera ebidiba/ebikondo bwanyima y'obwire bw'ekyanda (FebruaryMar) kandi otereeza enjura etakahikire. Kyerera amaizi g'ekidiba bwanyima = ''4. OKUHINGWA KWA CONTURE N'OKURWANYIZA OKUSHANGA EITIIKA''' = = ''4.1 Enkora y'obuhingi n'oburiisa (Okuhinga n'okuriisa omu myanya)''' = Okuhinga okw'omutaano nikimanyisa okubyara nainga okuhinga 'ahanima y'emitendera' (contours) aha rushozi (Friday, 1999). Contours n'emitendera y'ahaiguru etarikugyenda ahaiguru nainga ahansi y'orushozi. Ebihingirwe nainga ebirikuzibira kasasiro (hedges, grass strips, piles) nibiteebwaho 'ahanima y'emitendera'. Bwanyima y'obwire, eki nikyombeka omwanya mukye (wash-out or front terrace) oguri ahaiguru y'ekintu kyona ekirikuzibira, ekirikworeka oburengye burungi n'okukyendeeza okugwa kw'eitaka. Ebihingirwe by'omunda (okuhinga, okubyara, n'okushara ahaiguru y'eitaka) nibyongyera kuremesa emihanda y'okutamburira. ''Key effect:'' nikyendeeza ''Ebikwatiraine n'ebyaro: ''Abahingi ba Maziba' nibahinga ebihingirwe (ebicoori, ebihimba, ebitookye, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n' ''Obuhabuzi bw'emishororongo:''Okuhinga kw'emishororongo nikuragiirwa aha myanya y'emishororongo. Emishororongo (&#x3C;35%), tikirikwetengyesa kuhingwa, kandi emishororongo (&#x3E;2030%) neebaasa kwetenga enkora y'amaani ''Design and Spacing:'' Teekaho enyiriri n'ebikwato byorobi (Friday, 1999). Ebirikuzibira nibiteebwaho omu bwire butari bwa buriijo. Ekiragiro ky'okubanza n'ekya '''23 m vertical drop''''' ahagati y'ebibanda. Ahamugongo gwa 20%, 2 m vertical nikishushana na 10 m horizontale. Emyanya ehango (48 m vertical) ekyayamba, kwonka haihi (23 m) niyo erikukirayo kukora gye (Friday, 1999). E.g., omusiri gwa 15% nigubaasa kuba n'ebirikuzibira enyiriri ~1013 m. 0 m obugazi) obw'obuhangwa burikugumaho aharurengo (Orwakataano, 1999). ''Emitwarize y'oburemeezi:' # Ebihingirwe eby'obuhangwa (NVS): Reka 0.5-1.0m zitakozirwe aha nshonda (Orwakataano, 1999). Ebihingirwe/Imperata nibikura juba, bikora ebicweka by'okucondooza (emitwarize y'ebisasiro) ebirikukwata ebisharara (Orwakataano, 1999). Ebishare/abakozi bakye; tibarikwetengwa kubyara. Nibitwara eitaka (okufeerwa # Enguuto z'omwata: Biika omwata ogurikwera munonga (Napier, Vetiver, guinea grass) omu kicweka. Kumara emyaka 12 egi, nizikora emiti y'obutwire # Cut Trash Lines: Heap rice stalks, maize stover, or brush along contour (0. 51 m width) as a temporary wash-stop. Pin small stakes in place. (Enikora kurungi omu misiri erikwetengwa munonga. ''Okutereeza'' Okurinda enyiriri z'ebihingwa. Bwanyima y'okuhinga n'okusharuura, reboona ebipande: okugarura busya ebiina, okwihaho omwata, ogarukye okwihaho kasasiro ku ogarugyemu. Aha nkora y'ebihingwa, ogarukye ebiina, okuzibira amaizi kuruga aha rubaju rw'ebihingwa. Ebihingwa bishemereire kusharwa buri mwaka (okukira munonga ahanyima y'enjura) okureeba ngu biruga omu mifuregye kandi bikoresa eby'obuhangwa. ''Ebirikworeka okurondoora''' Okukyerererwa kw'eitaka kushemereire kukyeberwa kurugiirira aha mihanda y'oburyo. Teekaho akacweka kakye k'amaizi/okukyerererwa kw'eitaka (nk'eky'okureeberaho, 2x10 m) karimu tanka y'okushorooza amaizi n'oburemeezi bw'eitaka ahanyima y'enjura nyingi. Kozesa emitego y'eitaka nainga akakiiko k'okukyebera enyima y'akacweka k'eitaka. Wandiika obucweeka bw'eitaka n'obwingi bw'ebimera aha mifuregye. Eby'okureeberaho ebikuru: okugwa kw'eitaka (t/ha/yr), obuziba bw'amaizi (% y'enjura), okusharamu kw'omutwe gw'eitaka, hamwe n'omuhendo gw'obuhangwa. Enkora: okupima ahanyima y'omuyaga gw'amaani bukiri kare, bwanyima y'okusharuura buri kwezi nainga bwanyima y'okusharuura. Akatabo k'okureeba omutindo gw'amaizi omu mifuregye nainga emitego. = ''4.2 Okuronda <span class="mark">(Okukora eitaka hamwe n'okushutama aha ntebe)</span>''' = Ebishengye n'ebyombeko ebirikurinda eitaka ebyombekirwe aha nshonda y'eitaka, okukyendeeza ahanguuto z'amaizi, okurwanisa okushenyuka kw'eitaka, n'okureeba ngu amaizi garuga omu itaka eririkwetoroora. Bigaita emyanya emihango omu bicweka bikye, ekirikutuma amaizi garekyera aho kushenyuka. Ebishengye nibikoresibwa mun ''Emitwarize ya teraasi erikukirayo ni::' # ''Fanya-Chinese Terraces:''Fanya-chini (throw soil downwards) terraces nizombekwa barikwombeka ekituga omu mwanya gw'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka ry'eitaka. # ''Fanya-Juu Terraces:'''Fanya-juu (throw soil upwards) terraces nizikorwa obwo orikwombeka ekidiba n'okusuula eitaka eryasimbirwe aha rushozi okureetaho orushozi. Orushozi nirukwata eitaka eririkutamburira ahansi, mporampora nirikuza omu mwanya ogurikwetengwa. Zirikukira kukoresibwa aha rushozi or # ''Bench terraces (Stone or Earth):''' Bench terraces n'ebishaayi ebirikugyenda omu maisho aha rushozi. Nibikira kwombekwa aha rushozi rw'amabaare, kandi bigumizemu n'ebisenge by'amabaare. Omu myanya y'enshozi nk'ebyaro bya Uganda, abahingi nibakira kwombeka emyanya mikye y'amabaare, kugira ngu babaase kuhinga aha mwanya gw'amabaare. ''Enkora''' Buri teresi nekyendeeza oburaingwa bw'orutindo, n'ahabw'ekyo amaizi kuruga ahaiguru nigajanjaara omu mwanya ogurikwetoroora. Orutindo/oburugo nibukyendeeza amaizi, ekirikureeta okutaaha. Teresi nizikwata eitaka aha rubaju rw'orutindo rw'ahaiguru kandi zikizibira okugwa. Enguuto z'amaizi ezirikwetoroora kurungi (emikutu mikye nainga emyanya y'ahansi) nizitwara amaizi agarikurenga ahagati y'orutindo. ''Ebitongore by'omugongo hamwe n'emyanya''' Ebishengye nibikoresibwa aha bisharara ebirikwingana nka 1510% (817°), nobu haraabe hariho enkora ehindwirwe (ebisharara ebitarikwetegyerezibwa) ebirikubaasa kutandika ahari ~510%. Aha bisharara ebirikwetegyerezibwa (510%), ekishengye kimwe ekyahansi nikimara, kwonka aha bisharara ebirikwingana 20%, ebishengye ebirikwetegyerezibwa 12 m drop (vertical {| class="wikitable" !Land slope (%) !Vertical Interval (m) !Horizontal Interval (m) !Trench width (m) !Trench depth (m) |- |5 |1.00 |20 |0.50 |0.25 |- |10 |1.35 |14 |0.50 |0.30 |- |15 |1.73 |12 |0.50 |0.35 |- |20 |1.80 |9 |0.50 |0.40 |} (Oburugo: Thomas 1997, nk'oku kyagambirwe omu Ugandan extension (Rusoke et al., 2000) ''Okukora n'okwombeka:' # ''Ebitebekanisibwe:'' Shoborora okugwa kw'omutindo okurikwenda (nk'okureeberaho, 12 m). Aha mutindo gwa 12%, oguri ~1217 m omubwiire (reeba emmeeza). # ''Dig trench:'' Okukoresa ekyoma nainga ekikondo,sima ekinnya kitari ky'amaani kurugirira aha nshonda (ahansi ekirikwetoroora). Aha fanya-juu,kozesa ekiina ky'omu mifuregye kukora ekiina ky # ''Embankment:'' Koora orutindo orurikugyenda omu maisho (embankment) orurikugyenda omu maisho n'omugyera, orikugyenda mporampora (omu maisho 1:1 kuhika ahansi) okukwata amaizi. Aha ntebe z # ''Emyanya y'okwihiramu amaizi:'' Buri mwanya mukye (nainga ahamuheru),sima omwanya mukye (ogurimu obunyasi) okureka amaizi agarikurengaho okurugaho gatarikuhika aha rubaju. Emyanya y'okwihiriramu amaizi eyahansi (okureeberaho, ahamwanya gwa mita 101 # ''Okutebekanisa:''Obwire butari bwa hare,byara ekikondo kya buri mbeho (omu maisho) n'obunyasi nainga emigaati ya Napier kugikwata. Aha myanya y'okushutama,obunyasi bwa Napier ahamwanya gwa mita em ''Okugarura busya:'' Kyebera bwanyima y'eihunga. Yihaho enjatika n'okugarura busya ebicweka ebirikucwekyerezibwa. Yihaho oburengye oburikworekyerera oburikworekyerera oburikworekyerera oburikworekyerera oburikworekyerera oburikwor ''Cost/Benefit:'' Kikaba nikitwariramu abakozi baingi kandi nikitwara esente nyingi omu kutandika. Ebishengye by'aha ntebe nibibaasa kutwara abantu 50-100 buri hekita. Kwonka, nibihayo emigasho mingi: okufeerwa eitaka nikubaasa kukyendeera n'obucweka 83% kandi amasharuura nigabuuka munonga aha misiri eyabaire etungirwe. (Nk'eky'okureeberaho, fanya-ju aine ekidiba kya sentimita 30 ekyarugiremu amasharuura g'ebicoori 49 ''Okwetegyerezibwa:'' Okukoresa ebipangisa nikikora kurungi ahamwanya oguri ahagati kuhika ahamwanya oguri ahaiguru (1030%) ahu enkora y'omurembe etarikumara. Ahamwanya oguri ahaiguru (&#x3C;10%) nikikira kuba kitarikwetengwa (nobu haraabe hariho ''Eky'okugarukamu ky'akabi ahari Gullies:'' Teresi zishemereire kukwatanisibwa n'oburyo bw'okuzibira okushara omutwe. Teresi ku erikutandika kushatuka omu mwaro, kwombeka akabibo kakye k'amabaare nainga ebikondo aha mwanya ogwo (reeba ekicweka 4.4). Buriijo teekamu emifuregye erikusharamu amaizi kuruga aha teresi ezitar = ''4.3 Ebizibira eby'obuhangwa (Napier, Vetiver, Hedges)''' = Ebihingwa ebirikuzibira n'emiringo y'obunyasi, ebisaka, nainga emiti eyateirwe omu mwanya ogurikwetengwa. Obunyasi bwa Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) hamwe na Vetivre (Chrysopogon zizanides) nibukira kureebeka. Ebikondo byabyo ebigumire hamwe n'ebikooko byabyo eby'omunda nibikora ebikondo by'okureeberaho. Obunyasi ku burikuhika aha kishaka kya kiragala, nibujanjaara kandi bukyendera; ebisharara nibirugaho, kandi ebikooko nibisiba eitaka (Truong et al. , 2008). 5m. Zombi niziruga omu musiri ogurikwetwa organic mulch (cuttings) ogurikutunguura obugimu. ''Abavugi b'omubyaro:''Abahingi nibetenga ebyokurya by'enyamaishwa hamwe n'okurwanisa okushenyuka kw'omutindo. Napier yaaherize kuhinga ebyokurya by'enyamaishwa; okugigaita omu bishengye nikikora emirimo ebiri. Vetiver (omu byaro erikwetwa Pratu omu bicweka bya Uganda) neetunguurwa ahabw ''Dizayini hamwe n'obufuregye:''Ebihingirwe by'ebihingirwe aha nshonda, birimu ebihingirwe aha rubaju rumwe na rumwe. Eky'okureeberaho: rekaho ekicweka kya mita 0.5-1.0 kandi ebihingirwe byetorokane mita 0.5-1.0 omu runyiriri (kukora ekizibiti ky'amaani). Ebiragiro by'okwongyeraho nibyoreka ngu buri runyiriri ruratana mita 0.1 ahaitaka eririkucwekyerezibwa (kandi n'okuhika mita 1.5-2.0 ahaitaka eririkwetengwa) (Truong et al. , 2008). 5 m apart, rows separated by 23 m. Ekikuru n'okukora ekisiika ekirikubaho ekitarikushatuka. Ebika by'omuddo ebirikukira: Pennisetum purpureum (Napier), panicum maximum (guinea grass), hamwe n'ebindi. ''Okwombeka:'' Funa ebikookye ebirikubaasa kukora gye. Biba aha kutandika kw'enjura. Okweyongyera, shindika ebikookye ebirikwingana sentimita 510 omu eitaka (tihaine eitaka ery'ahaiguru eririkwetengwa) omu runyiriri. Aha Napier, ebikookye nibisereberera omu mifuregye nainga ebituga. Okubyara juba okwetoroora ebisiika n'eky'omugasho. ''Okutereeza:''Tema buri myezi 36 (nainga bwanyima y'okusharuura) okuzibira okushereka ebihingirwe ebirikwetorwaire hamwe n'okukoresa nk'ebihingirwe/eby'okurya. Okurinda omwanya ogutarimu obunyasi (ekicweeka kikye) okureeta amaizi agarikurengaho kurungi. Garuka os ''Okwetegyerezibwa:''Ebihome ebirikuba biine amagara nibikora haihi aha mwanya gwona ogurikuza kuhika ahari 30%, omuitaka ryona (nobu ryaba riri ery'amabaare makye). Tibirikukoresibwa munonga aha mwanya gw'amabaare g'amabaare (emiti niyo erikukirayo oburungi. Napier neeyetenga obunyogovu n'obutungi bw'eitaka; nikigumisiriza eitaka ''Monitoring Indicators:'' Kyebera kureeba ngu enyiriri z'ekibira zikiriho (tizirikushatuka). Pima oburaingwa nainga obucweeka bw'omwata (target closed canopy). Okweyongyera kw'obutafaari obwakwatsirwe omu maisho g'ekibira (okukoresa emitego y'obutafaari) nikyoreka ngu nibukora. Kyebera okubaho (% plants alive) n'okubara kurungi buri mita y'ekibira. = ''4.4 Check-Dams and Gully Stabilization''' = Check-dams n'oburemeezi bukye oburikwombekwa kurabira omu mikutu nainga emifuregye okukyendeeza amaizi n'okukwata ebisharara (obumwe omu runyiriri). Nibukyendeeza obwire bw'okuguruka hamwe n'amaani g'okushwekyerera, ekirikureetera amaizi okushwekyerera mporampora (Desta&#26; Adunga, 2012). Ebika ebirikukira kubaho: amabaare/amabaare g'amabaare, gabions (emboga z'amabaare eziijwire amabaare), sandbag dams, ''Okukoresa:'' Check-dams nizikoresibwa omu mifuregye hamwe n'emigyera eriho. Aha mifuregye etakaatandikire, kozesa ebintu eby'akanya kakye (brush nainga sandbags). Aha mifuregye mihango, kw'ombeka amabaare agaatarikuhwaho nainga gabion dams. Buriijo otaandike okugumya ''Ebiragiro by'okukora: ''Ekizibiti ky'okukyebera nikikira kuba kiine omwanya ogurikwetwa 0.30.5m kandi nikikora nk'omuringo gwa trapezoidal. Oburaingwa bw'ekizibiti nikikira kuba ~0.51.5m kurugirira aha buhango bw'omugyera. Omwanya gw'ekizibiti gushemereire kuba 1.52x oburaingwa bwakyo, kugira ngu kigume gitegyekye. Teeka ebizibiti omu myanya, kugira ngu omwanya gw'ekicweka kimwe gube ogurikwingana n'omwanya gw'ekindi ekirikukurataho (eki nikire daamu y'oburaingwa bwa mita 5 neebaasa kuba eri mita 12 ahaiguru y'omugyera ogurikukurataho (Desta 26; Adunga, 2012). * Eibikiro ry'amabaare eririkusharurwa: Teeka amabaare ahaiguru y'omugyera, ogaasibire hamwe. Jjuza ebituga n'eitaka. Reeba ngu * Gabion dam: Ebikyebe by'amabaare (~1 ×0. 5 ×0. 5 m) ebijwire amabaare, bikateerwa ahaiguru erikwetengwa. Bita ekibbo ekiri ahansi omu mwanya gw'omugyera kuzibira okutema. Gabions nizibaasa kurundaanwa bwanyima nk'oku ebisharara birikwegaita (D * Sandbag/Bamboo dam: enshaho za kilo 50 eziijwire eitaka (oba bamboo mats) eziteirwe omu mitendera (34 layers) nizikora daamu y'esente nkye (Desta&#x26; Adunga, * Brushwood dam: Ebikondo/ebikondo okurabira omu mikutu n'ebikondo. Nikwata ebisharara birungi (Desta&#x26; Adunga, 2012). Okukyerererwa (okuvunda omuri ~1 year) kukoresa okuk ''Okugarura busya:'' Kyebera ahanyima y'enjura y'amaani y'okubanza. Yihaho omusita ogukwasirwe enyima y'ebibinja by'amaizi ku guraabe gwahika aha rurengo rw'ekikondo (okureeba ngu haabaho amaizi). Jjuza amaizi goona agarikuruga omu maizi nainga ag ''Cost/Benefit:'' Amabiira g'amabaare hamwe n'aga gabion nigatwara obwire buraingwa (emyaka 10+) kwonka nigatwara abakozi n'ebikozesebwa (okutwara amabaare, okwombeka ebitebe). Amabiira g'omusheenyi hamwe n'ag'ebikondo n'ag'ebbeeyi y'ahansi (ebintu ebiriho omwihanga) kwonka nigatwara obwire bukye (12 emyaka). Omu bwire bw'akabi munonga, nibikiriza eitaka ry'okuhingamu kukoresibwa ahonaaho, kwonka omu bwire bureingwa. Omugasho niguyimiriza okukura kw'ebisharara; ebisharara ebitari kw'egyendesibwa ''Emergency Gully Response:''' Ku ogire ngu omuzinga guriyo nigucwekyerezibwa munonga, okukora ahonaaho n'eky'omugasho. Eky'okubanza, ''kyusa amaizi g'omuzinga''' kuruga omu mufuregye obwo orikusima omwanya mukye ogurikucwekyerera amaizi. Ekirikukurataho, siba omutwe gw'omuzinga: teekamu ebikondo, emiti, nainga enshaho z'omusheenyi kurabira omutwe gw'omuzinga kugukyerereza. Ahonaaho teekamu '''''obwire bukye check-dams''''' (ensha Emitunga ku erikweyongyera kukyendeera, gihindure nainga gihamye n'amabaare nainga ebibondo. Ebisharara by'ebihingirwe: byara emiti nainga ebitookye haihi n'emigongo y'ebihingirwe, kugira ngu okorese eitaka. Okukora mporampora kuruga ahaiguru kuza ahansi: buri kihome nikikyendeeza amaani, ekirikwikiriza ekicweka ekindi ekiri ahansi y'ebihingirwe kukorwa. ''Okwetegyerezibwa:'' Amabaare/ebikondo nibirungi omu myanya mihango nainga ey'obutwire, okukira munonga omu byondo nainga amabaare gagumire. Sandbag/brush dam nibirungi omu myanya mikye nainga emito ahaitaka rigumire. Boona nibetenga abakozi, kw ''Monitoring Indicators:'' Bwanyima y'okutaho enkora, rondooza yaaba ekituga kigumire. Indicators: eitaka niryombeka enyima y'ebibinja (ebirikubaasa kugyeragyeranisibwa n'enguuto), okugaziya enjuyi kurekyeera, n'ebimera bigarukamu aha rubaju. Kyebera ngu ebibinja bikiriho bwanyima ya buri njura y'amaani. Kozesa ebikondo by'okutsinduka kw'eitaka nainga ekyoma ky'okukyebera omwanya. , teeka omuggo ahamutwe gw'omugyera kandi ohandiike omwanya gwagwo ogurikworekyerera aha mushana gw'ekihome bwanyima y'eihunga. = ''4.5 Okukyebera, okugarura busya, hamwe n'ebiragiro by'akabi''' = ''Okucondooza buriijo:''Gumizamu nooshwijuma oburungi bw'okuzibira okutsinduka. Enkora enkuru: # ''Ebitongore ebirikworeka okushandara kw'eitaka:'' Teekaho akatongore kakye akarikwetengwa (nk'eky'okureeberaho, 2x5 m) aha rushozi orurikujwekyera. Pima okushandara kw'eitaka (kworundaana omu tanka erikwetengwa) hamwe n' # ''Ground Cover:'' Buri siizoni,teebereza omutindo gw'ebimera aha terraces hamwe n'ebizibira (010%). Okushereka okuri ahansi ya ~ 70% nikyoreka akabi k'okutsinduka. # ''Gully/Headcut Surveys:'' Aha bipande by'ebishushani ebirikworekwa (kozesa GPS stakes), kwata ebishushani bya digito ahaiguru n'ahansi y'ebishaayi buri mwaka kuhandiika empindahinduka. Pima oburengye bw # ''Sediment Traps:'' Teeka emitego eyombekirwe ekigyendererwa (nk'eky'okureeberaho, akabokisi ka mita 0.5 x0.5 akazikirwe kurungi, n'omwanya ogurimu ebituga) ahansi y' # ''Infiltration Tests:'' Kozesa ebyoma ebirikwetegyereza empeta (simple cut metal rings) okupima entaaniso y'oburemeezi ahagati y'emyanya erikutambirwa hamwe n ''Okukyebera okurinda:''Bwanyima ya buri kihuumura ky'amaani, rebeebera ebyombeko byona: obushomankuzi omu bishengye, oburugo obwahendekire, hamwe n'oburugo bw'okukyebera oburi ahaiguru. Jjuza obushomankuzi ahonaaho. = ''5. OBUKURUZI BW'EBYOKURYA N'OKUKWERINDA AMAIZI''' = = ''5.1 Enguuto z'eby'okurya omuri Maziba''' = Maziba n'omwanya gw'amaizi oguri ahaiguru munonga (722 km2, 1,7602,488 m) omu bisharara by'e Kigezi (Saturday et al. , 2025). Ebicweka nka 85% by'abantu b'omukyanga nibahinga eby'okurya (ebicoori, ebitookye, ebitookye n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebirara, n'ebihingwa (Saturday et al. , 2025) , ekirikureka eitaka riri aha kabi k'okutsinduka n'okufeerwa Enjura y'amaani aha myanya y'amabaare neetuma eitaka riguruka, n'eitaka rigwa, ekirikureeta ebyokurya omu migyera hamwe n'ebisharara. # ''Surface runoff''' N (okukira munonga nitrate na ammonium) hamwe na P nizitwarwa omu maizi g'omu itaka kandi zikakwatanisa n'eitaka erikuhwerekyerera. Ebicweka nka 7083% ebya N na P ebirikuferwa omu runooga nibiza kubaho bwanyima y'obutwire bukye bw'okugyemesa (Zeng et al. , 2021). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza omu myanya y'ebihingwabya kushangire 28 kg N/ha·yr hamwe na 1.2 kg P/ha·yr ezirikuferwa kurabira omu runooga (Zeng et # ''Leaching''' nitrate erikusisika nikigyenda ahansi omu maizi g'ahansi nainga tiles drainages omu njura nyingi nainga okwitirira. Omuitaka eririmu obukooko (obw'omusheenyi nainga oburengye) hamwe n'enjura nyingi, nitrate nyingi (hamwe na ammonium ezimwe) nizibaasa kugyenda ahansi y'ebikooko. Omuhanda ogu ni mukuru munonga omu siizoni ezitarikukura (okureeberaho, ebisigaire by'ebicoori nibibaasa kureka nitrate omu nkura y'amaizi omu siizoni y'obunyogovu. # ''Volatilization''' omwika gwa amoniya (NH3) niguferwa kuruga omu urea nainga orwezo orurikukoresibwa ahaiguru omu mbeera y'obutagasi n'obuhangwa bw'ahaiguru. Hatariho kwegaita, 10-30% bwa urea-N nigubaasa kuferwa. Okuferwa kwa amoniya nikubaho kuruga omu orwezo rw'amatungo hamwe n'ebisigaire by'e # ''Okucendeeza amaizi''' ahansi y'eitaka eririmu amaizi nainga eririkuteganisibwa (ekirikukira kubaho omu bisharara nainga omu misiri y'emigabi), obukooko bw'eitaka nibuhindura nitrate omu mwuka gwa N2 nainga N2O, nibufeerwa N. Enkora egi neebaasa kutaana munonga # ''Erosion/sediment transport'''' okwihaho eitaka omu mubiri nikitwara N na P bikakwatanisa n'obutundutundu. Ahabw'okugira ngu P nyingi neekwata aha ttaka, ekicweka kihango ky'okufeerwa kwa P (~7090%) nikibaho n'ebitundutundu (Zeng et al. , 2021). Nitrogen erikukwatanisa n'ebitundutundu (organic-N, ammonium) nayo neeguzibwa ahe Ebishushani by'obwire omuri Maziba nibyoreka enkuba y'emiringo ebiri: amaizi agarikukira obwingi hamwe n'ebyokurya ebirikuruga omu itaka nibibaho omu bwire bubiri obw'obunyogovu. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza okwakozirwe obwahati, kukareetaho oburemeezi bwingi bw'ebishushushu n'ebyokurya omu bwire bw'okwakana/Ogwokutaano na Okwaikumi na kumwe (obwiire bwingi bwanyima y'okubyara). Ebishushushu omu bwire bw'ekyanda nibikye munonga, kwonka bikye munonga. [[File:Nutrient_input_and_fate_diagram.png|480x480px]] ''Ekifaananyi 1:'''Ebyokurya nibigyenda omu maisho kuruga omu musiri kuza omu bihingwa hamwe n'obuhangwa bw'ensi. Nitrogen (N) neetaha omu eitaka kuruga omu bigimusa nainga orwezo, reero neetwarwa ebihingirwe nainga neebura kurabira omu kukyendeeza amaizi. Phosphorus (P) kuruga omu bigimusa nikyo kimwe omu eitaka, ekirikusinga kutwarwa ebihingirwe nainga neebura kurabira omu bigimusa. Ebisharara hamwe n' = ''5.2 Ebirikuruga omu kufeerwa eby'okurya''' = Okukyerererwa kw'eby'okurya omuri Maziba nikushiisha eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa hamwe n'obuhangwa bw'ekyanga. Eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa birimu okukyendeera kw'obutungi bw'eitaka, okukyendeera kw'amasharuura, hamwe n'okushashurwa kw'ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu buhingi n'oburiisa. Omu misiri ya Maziba, eki nikimanyisa ngu amasharuura g'ebicoori n'ebitookye nigaija kuba makye, okwihaho okugira ngu hariho orwezo rw'amaani. Ebintu ebirikuteganisa eby'obuhangwa nibirugamu, N na P kubarikuruga omu misiri, kandi bikashiisha amaizi. Maziba neetwara amaizi omu bisharara bya Rwanda, kandi bwanyima, enyanja Nalubaale, n'ahabw'ekyo, amaizi g'eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa nigareetaho okukura kw'ebimera omu byanga. N na P ezirikukira obwingi, nizikoresa omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'omwika gw'om Ebintu ebi bikaita ebyenyanja, amaizi g'okunywa gakahwerekyerera, kandi biketenga okuyonja okw'omuhendo gw'ahaiguru. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu amaizi g'omumatemba ga Victoria haihi n'eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa omu ndembo gaine oburemeezi bw'ebintu ebirikutokooza eby'obuhangwa, ekirikureetaho okurugaho kw'amaizi g'abantu n'enyamaishwa, n'okwongyera aha nshohoza y'amaizi. Ebirugyemu nibibaasa kubaho omu bisharara bya Maziba eby'ahansi y'enyanja ku ogire ngu ti Ebisharara ebirikucwekyerezibwa, tibirikubaasa kwihaho ebintu ebirikutokooza kurungi, ekirikuremesa eby'obuhangwa kurwanisa okucwekyerera. ''5.3 Enkora y'ebigimusa etarimu kabi''' Okuzibira okufeerwa, abahingi bashemereire kukoresa 'okwongyera aha nkora y'ebigimusa'. * ''Okwongyera orwezo omurundi gumwe,'' omu mwanya gw'okwongyera orwezo omurundi gumwe, gwongyera omurundi gumwe (nk'eky'okureeberaho, dose emwe omu kubyara, emwe omu by'obuhangwa). Okugaita N na P nikihamya ngu ebiriisa nibihika omu bwire bw'obuhangwa bw'ebihingirwe, kikyendeeza okushuka n'okugwa. Omu Uganda, abakugu omu by'obuhangwa nibahaburira okugaita ekicweka kya DAP omu kubyara n'ekicweka ky'okubanza. Okucondooza omuri burugwa izooba Nk'eky'okureeberaho, amasharuura g'ebicoori omu kugyezaho kumwe gakayongyera kuruga ahari ~18 kuhika ahari 2225 enshaho buri yiika ahanyima y'okukyebera eitaka hamwe n'okusiiga orwezo. Okusiiga orwezo kushemereire kugarukwamu abakozi, kwonka nikishashura ahabw'okukyendeeza okufeerwa. * ''Obwire bw'enjura:''Koresa orwezo n'enjura. Siba orwezo enjura etakatandikire (kwonka yetantare emiyaga mingi) kugira ngu ebiriisa bigyende omu myanya y'emirandira omu mwanya gw'okushutama ahaiguru. Oyetantare kusiba Urea enjura etakatandikire, ekirikureetera Urea okushuka n'okugwa. Ku kiraabe nikibaasika, kozesa okuteebereza kw'obwire nainga enkora y'enjura y'omubyaro: omuri Maziba, enjura nyingi nizitandika omu kwezi kwa kashatu, n'ahabw'ekyo okubyara n'okukozesa P kushemere Ebihingirwe by'okushereka omu bwire obutari bwa sizooni nabyo nibibaasa kukwata eitaka erisigaireho. * ''Incorporation/Placement:'' Bury or band fertiliser near roots. Okutamu (okugaita) orwezo omuitaka kurabira omukuhinga nainga orwezo, nikicendeeza okukwatanisa n'eizooba hamwe n'omuyaga, kikyendeeza okuhindahinduka kwa amoniya. Okutambuza orwezo ahaitaka eritaine busha nikyo kirikusinga kushiisha. Okutamu orwezo omu bands nainga Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okukoresa NPK omu biina by'okuteekaho obuziba bwa sentimita 25 (micro-dosing) kworeka okukora kurungi omu kukyeberwa omuringo gumwe ogurikuheereza doozi nkye (26 g buri mushozi) omu biina by'okubyara, nigureetaho amasharuura 2080% okukira emihanda y'okuheereza. * ''okukyebera eitaka hamwe n'okutebeekanisa embariirira y'eby'okurya:'' Okukyebera eitaka otakatungire orwezo,kyebera eitaka okureeba PH hamwe n'omutindo gw'eby'okurya. Eitaka eririmu asidi (ekirikukira kubaho omu Uganda) rikinga phosphorus, ekirikureetera okurabya P kutakora gye. Okukyebera PH nainga ebiriisa kurungi nikwebembera emihendo y'eitaka nainga orwezo. Okukyebera eitaka omuri Uganda tikukye, kwonka abakugu omu by' , emihendo y'okwihaho): nk'eky'okureeberaho, okukora 5 t/ha z'ebicoori, noobaasa kwetenga ~100 kg N/ha na 30 kg P/ha; oburemeezi bw'okwongyera kufeerwa N/P. Ekiragiro ky'ebihimba ekya National Fertilizer Policy (2016) nikishaba okwongyera omuhendo gw'eby'okurya ahari 50 kg nutrients/ha kuzibira eibura ry'ebihimba, kwonka nikigyenderera okukoresa emihendo erikuhikaana n'okukyebera eitaka hamwe n'amasharuura * ''Ebikwato by'okuhwera omu kusharamu:''Koresa ebikwato nka Leaf Color Chart (LCC) nainga apps za simu ezirikuteebereza ebyetaago by'ebihingirwe bya N kurugirira aha busya bw'ebihingirwe nainga ebihandiiko by'eitaka. Ebi nibibaasa kuhwera abahingi bakye kusharamu kukoresa eby'okushaba. N'obu abahingi bakye omu Uganda barikukoresa DST ezirikwetengwa, obuheereza n'ebitongore by'obwannakye, nibibaasa kutaho ebiragiro byorobi (okureeberaho = ''5.4 Riparian Buffer Zones''' = Ebihingirwe aha rubaju rw'emigyera n'omuringo oguhamiibwe ogurikubaasa kukwata ebiriisa n'okureetaho obutebekana. Omu Uganda, ebiragiro by'ebisharara/emigyera nibiragiira ''m 30m protected strips''' aha migyera emingi. Nituhabura okuheereza ekitiinisa (nainga okukira) omutindo ogu: nk'eky'okureeberaho, ahaitaka ry'eitaka eririkwera, buffer ya mita 2030 aha rubaju rw'emigyera; ahaitaka erikwera nainga erikubaasa kusisikara munonga, bu ''Enkora ya bufa: Bufa y'emiringo mingi niyo erikukirayo oburungi:' # ''In-stream bank zone (03 m):''Byara ebikozeso by'okureeberaho (okureeberaho, obunyasi oburikwetengwa, ebitookye, empap # ''Middle zone (310 m):''Obunyasi bwingi n'ebisaka (okureeberaho, obunyasi bwa Napier, Vernonia amygdalina, Azolla/Pistia omu myanya y'ebisharara) nibukora omutego gw'ebisharara hamwe n'ekipimo ky'eby' # ''Outer forest zone (1030 m+):'' emiti n'ebishaka ebirikuzaarwa nibikwata ebiriisa kandi nibiheereza ekisiibo n'obutuuro. Ebi nibibaasa kuba birimu emiti y'ekisiibo, emiti y'ebijuma [https://www.cifor-icraf.org/knowledge/publication/32103/#:~:text=use%20in%20buffer%20zone%20agroforestry%2C,Areas%20for%20further (Kasolo &#x26; Temu, 2008)]. Ebihingirwe bishemereire kuba eby'obuhangwa kwenda kuhwera eby'obuhangwa. Ebihingirwe ebitari bya buriijo (okureeberaho, Eucalyptus) tibirikwikirizibwa omu bisharara. Okureeberera nikitwariramu okubyara obutoosha, okurwanisa omwata, n'okuzibira okwosya. Omu myaka 23 y'okubanza, ebihingirwe ebikye (n'okukira munonga eby'omwata) bishemereire kuhindurwa. Bwanyima y'okureebeka, # ''Okwihaho amatungo:'' Buffer zooni zishemereire kutebwaho ekikomera okurekyeraho okuriisa. Ebiragiro bya Uganda nibizibira kurima nainga okutaahirira omumyanya y'okurinda emigyera ya mita 30 (Government of Uganda, 2000), ekirikworeka ngu nibyetenga ebikomera nainga ensharo ezindi. Okutema ekikomera nikizibira ente okutemba aha rubaju rw'amaizi n'okureeka omu migyera. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu okurekyeraho amatungo nikibaasa kukyendeeza obukookookooko bwa bakitiriya omu migyera ya ~ 60% (medi # ''Ebiragiro n'obutegyeki:'' 'Emigyera mingi eri ahaitaka ry'abantu boona nainga ery'abantu buntu. Okuta omu nkora buffers nikyetenga okutangaaza aha bugabe bw'eitaka. Omuri Maziba, omuhimbo gw'okugarukanisa ebyetengo bya buffer omu nteekateeka z'okukoresa eitaka. Obushagiki bwa Gavumenti (kurabira omu ofiisi za Disiturikiti ez'obuhangwa bw'ensi, 2000) nibubaasa kuhwera omu kutaho ekiragiro kya 30m (okureeberaho , kurabira omu nurseries za NFA). Ehururu z'okumanyisa abantu nizetengwa kugira ngu abahingi bamanye ebyetengo by' = ''5.5 Okureeberera amatungo n'emigyera''' = Eby'okuriisa n'okuriisa amatungo nibibaasa kureetaho amaizi maingi. Ebikuru ebirikuhaburwa aha faamu za Maziba ezitarikushushana (ah'ente, embuzi n'empunu zirikukira kuriisa * ''Oburugo oburikwetegyerezibwa:'' Teeka omu nkora okuriisa okw'okuhindura nainga okuriisa kwa paddock, okwetantara okukoresa kubi emyanya y'aha rubaju rw'enyanja. Amaterekyero g'okuhuumura nigakiriza ebimera kugaruka omu ntebe, okukyendeeza ahitaka eririkwetengwa. Ku kirikubaasika, gumaho amatungo omu miriro mirungi, kandi oteme ebyokurya by'enyamaishwa (okuriisa enju) * ''Stream Fencing:''Yombeka ebisiika ebirikubaasa kumara obwire buraingwa aha migyera hamwe na daamu okurekyeraho amatungo. Eki nikizibira okusindika omusheenyi hamwe n'omushekye omu mifuregye y'amaizi n'okwikiriza ebimera by'aha migyera kugaruka kubaho. Okucondooza kwingi (okukira munonga omu bicweka by'obutiti) nikworeka ngu ekisiika nikibaasa kukyendeeza obukookooko bwa bakitiria oburi omu migyera ebirikuhika aha bicweka 60% (median effect). Teekaho emyanya y'okucwekyereramu yaaba neeyetengwa, hamwe n'emyanya y'okwongyerwamu amabaare, okukyendeeza okucwekyerera amabaare. * ''Off-stream Watering:'' Teekaho emiringo endiijo y'okwihiramu amaizi kugira ngu amatungo gatakyetenga kunywa kuruga omu migyera. Eby'okukora birimu za pampu ezirikukoresa amaani ga soora nainga ebikondo by'amaizi g'enjura. Windimiiru nainga za pampu ezirikukoresa engaro nazo nizibaasa kuheereza amaizi marungi. Enkora y'okwihiramu amaizi eshemereire kutebwa aha rurengo rwa mita 30-50 kuruga aha mugyera gwona kandi ekirikubaasa kuhikwaho abantu boona. * ''Okurinda orwezo:''Okurundaana n'okukoresa kurungi orwezo rw'amatungo, okurinda ebiriisa aha faamu n'aheeru y'amaizi. Okurundaana orwezo rw'ebitanda nainga orwezo rw'ebihamba buriizooba, okurikukuratirwa okurundaana orwezo, nikireetaho okurundaana kw'ebyokurya. Ebinnya by'orwezo ebirikwetoroora (nk'okureeberaho, ebisasiro by'ebishaka) nibizibira okurundaana kw'ebyokurya omu njura. Abahingi bashemereire kukoresa orwe Orwezo orurikukoresibwa kurungi, nirureeta obugimu bw'eitaka (10-18% ez'ebihingirwe omu Uganda) hamwe n'okukyendeeza okuruga kwa nayitrogyeni. * ''Okurinda eby'okurya aha nsharo z'emifuregye:''''' Ku haakuba amatungo gashemereire kucwekanisa emihanda y'amaizi (nk'okureeberaho, okugyenda ahagati y'ebihorooni), gashemereire kucwekanisa omu myanya egumire. Teeka amabaare ag'ahansi nainga siminti hamwe n'entindo nkye. Oshemereze emihanda y'okucwekanisa n'obuny ''Tabuuri 5.5''' neegyeragyeranisa emiringo y'okureeberera amatungo. {| class="wikitable" !'''Strategy''' !'''Description''' !'''Benefits''' !'''Notes / Examples''' |- |Controlled/Rotational Grazing |Divide the pasture into paddocks with rest periods. |Maintains vegetative cover; reduces erosion/runoff |Often practiced by ranches, it needs multiple herds or time. |- |Streambank Fencing |Install fences along streams to keep animals out. |Prevents direct contamination; allows buffer regrowth |NZ studies: median 62% drop in stream fecal bacteria. Local farmers can use wooden posts/wire or live fences. |- |Off-stream Watering Points |Provide troughs, wells or pumps away from streams. |Satisfies animal thirst; eliminates streambank damage |Solar troughs or spring developments are effective. |- |Hardened Crossing Points |Designated river crossings with gravel/concrete pads. |Protects banks from trampling; concentrates nutrients |Helps manage inevitable crossings during transhumance. |- |Monitoring Indicators |Upstream vs downstream tests for E. coli, nitrate, and bank erosion surveys |Measures water quality improvements; guides action |Simple field test kits or local lab analysis for N and microbes. |} = ''6. OKUSHONGORA OMUBIKORWA BY'OKUFUUUUBIRIZA AHA MPAKA NKYE''' = = ''6.1 Enkora nungi y'okwitirira'' = Okutunguuka kw'amaizi nikupima amasharuura g'ebihingirwe buri yuniti y'amaizi ekoresiibwe. Nikibaasa kworekwa nk'ekiro ky'ebihingirwe buri mita y'amaizi eya cubic (kg/m3) nainga eky'okugarukamu (m3/kg). Nikyo kimwe, omuntu naabaasa kukoresa amasharuura buri buziba bw'okwitirira. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okucondooza okwakozirwe omuri Ethiopia kukagira ngu amasharuura g'amaizi gakeyongyera kuruga 1. 4 kuhika 2. 9 kg/m3 Ebi bipimo nibihwera okugyeragyeranisa enkora:kg/m3 nyingi nikimanyisa okukoresa amaizi kurungi. ''okukoresa amaizi kurungi'' nikimanyisa ekicweka ky'amaizi kuruga omu burugo eki ebihingirwe birikukoresa. Ekikwatireine n'ekyo, ''okukoresa amaizi kurungi'', nikimanyisa obucweka bw'amaizi agarikukoresibwa oburikubiikwa omu mizi y'ebihingirwe. Tihaine enkora erikukora kurungi omu bicweka 100%; okufeerwa nikubaho omu mitendera mingi. Orukarara 6.1 nirushoboorora omu bwiire bukye emiringo y'okufukirira hamwe n'oku barikubaasa kugipima. {| class="wikitable" !'''Metric''' !'''Definition''' !'''Units''' !'''Measurement Method''' |- |Crop water productivity (WP) |Yield produced per unit water applied |kg/m³ (or m³/kg) |Weigh the final yield (kg) and divide by total water applied (m³). Use a flowmeter or irrigation volumes. |- |Yield per water (kg per mm) |Harvested yield per mm of irrigation (per ha) |kg per mm/ha |Same as above; e.g., 1 mm on 1 ha = 10 m³. Combine yield and depth applied. |- |Irrigation efficiency (%) |Water stored in root zone ÷ water pumped × 100 |% |Compare flowmeter data (water pumped) with soil moisture increase (via probes or feel test). |- |Distribution uniformity (DU%) |Evenness of water across the field |% |Catch-can test: place cans in the field during irrigation and compute uniformity. |- |Evaporation loss |Water lost to air from soil or water surface |mm or % of applied |Estimate via evaporation pan, or measure ponded water loss. |- |Deep percolation loss |Water passing below roots (beyond crop uptake) |mm |Measure soil moisture before/after or use drainage lysimeter; or dig a 30 cm hole and see if water collects. |} Ebirikworeka okufeerwa omubyaro, harimu ebicweka ebirimu amaizi (nikyoreka okufuuhirira kurikurabira omu mirandira nainga okushagika munonga), nainga eitaka eririmu amaizi (akamanyiso k'amaizi). Omwata gw'amaizi (nk'okureeberaho, amaizi, amaizi, amaizi) nigumanyisa (Gavumenti ya Australia, 2025). Okukyebera kw'amaizi g'omunda n'okusima ekinnya (~30 cm deep)'': amaizi garikutonnya omunda, eitaka niribaasa kuba riri hai Ekirikureeta obutakora kurungi: Okufukirira munonga, nainga okukoresa amaizi omu muringo ogutari gw'omuringo gumwe, nikureetaho okushenyuka kw'amaizi okurikukira emizi; eitaka ry'omusheenyi eririmu omusheenyi, niryongyera. Okufeerwa kw'amaizi nikweyongyera, amaizi ku garikubaasa kwemerera omu bwire bw'omuriro ogurikwosya munonga. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, omukugu omwe omu by'okufukirira, naagira ngu okushenyuka kw'amaizi omu muringo ogutari gw'omuringo gumwe, nikureetaho okushenyuka kw'amaizi. , 4050% kasasiro). Enkora y'okupima: ''ekipimo ky'amaizi''' ahari pumpu nainga geeti nikiha amaizi goona agarikukoresibwa. Sensa z'obunyogovu bw'eitaka nainga tensiometers, zitakabiire n'ahanyima y'okwitirira, nizibaasa kumanya amaizi agarikubiikwa. Amaizi agarikuruga omu itaka nigabaasa kurundaanwa kandi gakyeberwa n'ekintu aha muheru gw'eitaka. Omu bibanda bikye, omuntu naabaasa kukoresa akabaketi kakye kukwata amaizi g'okwitirira kumara obwire oburikwetegyerezibwa Okuhandiika ebirikugyenda omu maisho n'ebirikuruga omu maisho (n'okukura kw'ebihingirwe) nikihwera omu kumanya omurimo. Okukyendeeza aha kufeerwa (mitigation): Okukyendeeza aha kufuka amaizi, fuka amaizi omu bicweka bikye kandi obutoosha, okuhikaana n'ebyetengo by'ebihingirwe. Okutereeza omusiri, amaizi gashemereire kujanjaara kimwe; kwetantara okufuka amaizi aha muheru gw'ebihingirwe. Okukyendeeza aha kufuka amaizi, fuka amaizi omu bwire oburikufukiirira (omwebazyo gw'omwebazyo), kandi okozese ebisigaire by'ebihingirwe (ebirikurinda obugimu bw'eitaka). Okutandika emifuregye nainga okukoresa payipu omu mwanya gw'ebihorooni, nikibaasa kukyendeeza amaizi. Omu miringo yoona, rinda ebyoma by'okwitirira, okwetantara okuruga n'okureeba ngu bigyenda kimwe. = ''6.2 Okutwara amaizi''' = Drip (micro-irrigation) neekoresa amaizi mpora mpora aha musingi gw'ekimera, omu myanya y'emirandira, okukyendeeza okufeerwa. Ebirungi byayo birimu okukoresa amaizi kurungi munonga (obwire obwingi 7090% kurugirira aha 50 60% omu nkora y'ahaiguru), okukyendeeza okufuuhirira, okurwanisa omwata kurungi (ahabw'okuba eitaka ahagati y'ensharo niriguma ryomire), n'obushoboorozi bw'okuteekamu orwezo (fertigation). ''Enkora hamwe n'ebintu'' Enkora y'okushashura esente nkye erimu ebirikukurataho: # Oburugo bw'amaizi hamwe na pumpu (ku ogire ngu amaani ga gravity tigarikumara). Pampu ya soora nainga ya ingini neebaasa kuba neeyetengwa. (Oburugo bw'amaizi oburikwigura buriijo nibwetaga ~1020 psi kutonnya; enkora y'amai # Filtara y'okukwata omusheenyi nainga ebisigaire, n'ey'omugasho amaizi garikuba garimu akajagararo. # Ekitongore ekirikureeberera oburemeezi nainga ekirikukyendeeza oburemeezi, nikireebeka ngu oburemeezi nibushushana. # Payipu enkuru n'enkuru ez'ahansi (1⁄2 inch2 inch) za pvc nainga za polyethylene. # Valuvu z'eby'obutegyeki. # Ebishushani by'aharubaju (okukoresa eikopo ry'amaizi nainga taapu). Eby'okureeberaho birimu eikopo ry'amaizi eririkwera nainga e # Emitta/amatondo g'amaizi, gashemereire kutebwa haihi na buri kimera. # Ebikwato hamwe n'emiti y'okugaita za payipu hamwe n'okunyweza za payipu. # Eshaaha/ekitongore ky'okwegyezamu, nikikora ahaby'okwitirira. ''Emitendera y'okutaho:' # ''Okwetebeekanisa omwanya:'' ''Ringaniza buri kitanda kurungi nk'oku kirikubaasika okureeba ngu nikigyenda. Teekaho enteekateeka y'okwitirira kuhikaana # ''Okwongyera aha runyiriri rwa mainline:''Yunga pampu nainga ekyoma ky'omuriro aha filta hamwe n'ekitongore ekirikujunanizibwa aha puleesa, reero # ''Run submains and sides:'' Teeka enjuyi aha runyiriri rw'ebihingirwe. Teeka tupu z'amatondo aha runyiriri rw'ebihingirwe n'obukooko. Teeka tupu ahaitaka nainga ezizikire kakye # ''Teka emitters:'' Punch holes omu tubing (if tape) kandi ota emitters omu myanya y'ebihingwa, nainga kozesa inline tape n'emitters ezombekirwe omu mwanya oguhikire (okure # ''Furush and test:'' Guraho enkora omu bwire bukye, okyebera buri emitter okureeba ngu erikugyenda kurungi. Teganisa ekitongore ekirikujunanizibwa aha puleesa nk'oku kirikwetengwa, # ''Kweka n'orwezo:'' Bwanyima y'okukyebera, kinga omwanya n'orwezo (orwezo nainga obuveera) okukyendeeza okurundaana n'okur ''Orukarara rw'okukyebera okurinda obutoosha:' # ''Okuyonja ekirikufuuhirira:'' Siimuura nainga oshemeze ekirikufuuhirira hakiri buri sande (n'okukiraho amaizi garikuba garikubi munonga) # ''Flush lines:'' Obumwe n'obumwe, gura enkomerero z'enyiriri okwihaho ebisharara. # ''Kyebera ebyoma ebirikuruga omu maize:''Kyebera ebirikuruga omu maize omu bwire bw'okwitirira. Ebyoma ebirikuruga omu maize nibibaasa kubonezibwa obwo # ''Kyebera oburemeezi:'' Reeba ngu ekitongore ekirikujunanizibwa aha buremeezi nikikora kandi ngu engyenderwaho tizirikutokooza. # ''Okugarura busya oburemeezi:'' Teekamu ebiina byona nainga oburemeezi bw'ensiri omu mipiira (ebikwato by'okugarura busya nainga taapu ''Ebizibu ebirikukira kubaho hamwe n'okutereeza:' # Tihariho kugyenda aha byoma ebirikuheereza amaizi: Nikibaasa kuba kizibire. Yogeza ekirikwera hamwe n'ebyoma ebirikuheereza amaizi, nainga re # Okutamburira hamwe: Okugyemeserezibwa ahaiguru/ahansi munonga, nainga enshonga y'okwegama. Reeba ngu okugyemeserezibwa kuhikire hamwe n'okwegama kw # Ebituga ahaiguru: Hindura ebituga nainga ohindahindure ebicweka bya payipu. # Oburemeezi oburikuruga omu bishokye: Kozesa enyiriri eziri ahansi y'eitaka, nainga kwerinda enyamaishwa. = ''6.3 Okufukirira omu bishaka hamwe n'omwegyemure''' = ''Engyenderwaho:''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''oburemeezi n'obutakora kurungi:'''Okufukirira kurugirira ahamaani ga gravity n'okw'omuhendo gw'ahansi kwonka ''okutakora kurungi''. Amaizi tigarikugabirwa kuringana. Omutwe gw'ekikondo nigukira kutunga amaizi agarikukira obwingi, kwonka omukira gw'ekikondo nigubaasa kuba gutarikuhwa amaizi. Okutwarira hamwe, '''3050% y'amaizi agarikukoresa ahaiguru nigabura''. Okukoresa amaizi agarikukira obwingi aha muheru gw'ekikondo nikikira. Okukoresa Okwongyera ahari ekyo, okugyenda n'amaizi omu mifuregye, nikibaasa kushiisha eitaka n'okureetaho emifuregye. Okukoresa obwire buraingwa nikireetaho ''okushemeza''': okushemeza amaizi, nikireeta omwonyo ahaiguru kurabira omu mifuregye, kandi hatariho amaizi marungi, omwonyo nigukorera ahu amaizi garikuhurira. ''Enkora y'okutunguura'' Enkora y'okutunguura eby'entatsya nkye neebaasa kwongyera amaani. # ''Okutereeza eitaka:''Omushozi ogurikwingana, ogutarikwetengwa, niguremesa amaizi kurundaana. Okutereeza amaizi kurundaana na laser nainga spade (aha poloti nkye munonga) nikubaasa kukores # ''Okufukirira kurungi:''Koresa amaizi omu bwire bukye. Okugyenda omu maisho nikwikiriza buri mushana kwejumba otakongyeireyo. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu okufukirira kurungi nikubaasa kubiika amaizi 25 40% obwo orikuguma nooyongyera amasharuura. (Omu kugyezibwa kw'engano okumwe, okugyenda omu maisho kukakora amaizi 273 # ''Gated pipe systems:'' Omu mwanya gw'okwijuza amaizi omu kishengye kyona, kozesa payipu egumire erimu emiryango mikye buri ffuuti nkye. Okwihaho omuryango nikureeta amaizi omu kicweka ekyo. Eki nikireetaho okukwatanisa kandi kikyendeeza aha mirimo hamwe n'okwijuza amaizi. # ''Okwongyera okwitirira emifuregye:'' Gyerera amaizi buri mufuregye ogundi. Ebihingirwe ebiri haihi nibibaasa kugasirwa omu kujanjaara kw'emirandira. # ''Amaizi g'omukira gakoresize:'' Kwata amaizi kuruga aha muheru gw'ebihingirwe omu kiyanja nainga ekidiba, reero ogarugye omu mutwe nainga tanka y'okubiika. Eki nikyetenga payipu/pampu ezindi, kw # ''Eitaka hamwe n'okureeberera ebihingirwe:''Okubyara aha rushozi hamwe n'okukoresa orunyiriri rw'ebihingirwe kurugirira aha burengye bw'ebihingirwe, nikibaasa kutunguura = ''6.4 Okwehara Okukoresa amaizi''' = Okutwara amaizi omu itaka, nikireetwa okurihiirira okurengyesereize, nainga okukoresa amaizi kubi, ekirikureetera eitaka kutwara amaizi, ekirikureetera amaizi kutwara amaizi kuruga omu mizi. Obubonero n'amaizi agarikureebeka omu mwanya oguri ahansi bwanyima y'okurihiirira, nainga amababi nigahinduka kinekye nainga gafuuhirira (ebimera ebitarikwatireine na okisijeeni). Obubonero oburikwetegyerezibwa, n'okukurakurana kw'omwata (okureeberaho, entanga ''Cyprianus' Ku oraabe nooteekateeka ngu hariho amaizi, kwonka gatarikwetegyerezibwa ahaiguru, shaba ebiina bikye by'okukyeberaho (~30 cm). Amaizi g'ahansi ku garikuza omunda nainga gasigaire omu kiina, eitaka rigumizemu amaizi. ''Ebirikubaasa kukorwa okutereeza emifuregye):''' Ekigyendererwa n'okwiha amaizi agarikumara kuruga omu myanya y'ebikooko. Eby'okukora # ''Amaizi agarikuruga omu itaka (ebisharara):'''Sima emifuregye etari y'amaani aha rubaju rw'omusiri nainga ahagati y'ebisharara, okureeta amaizi aheeru. N'omwanya mukye aha muheru gw'omusiri nigubaasa kukora nk'omwanya gw'okureeta amaizi. Omwanya gw'okureeta amaizi gushemereire kugyenda mporampora aha rushozi kuhika aha mwanya ogutarimu kabi (omugyera, # ''Amaizi g'ahansi:'' Omu myanya y'amaani, payipu ya pvc erimu ebituli nainga ey'eibumba eyazikirwe omu mufuregye (a French drain) neebaasa kurundaana amaizi g' # ''Ebihingirwe/ebihingirwe:''Imba ebihingirwe aha bihingirwe.Eitaka eririkwihwaho niribaasa kukora emihanda mikye y'okwitirira/okutwara amaizi kuruga omu maizi.Nk'eky'okureeberaho, omu faamu z'omwani, emiti erikukira kutwara amaizi, ekafururwa aha bihingirwe erikukoresa eitaka kuruga omu maizi agarik # ''Okukyebera ebyombeko:'''Emikingo mikye y'omushana/okukyebera nainga ebikondo by'emiti kurabira omu mifuregye nibibaasa kukyendeeza # ''Okuronda ebihingirwe:'' Omu myanya erikutwara obwire buraingwa,hinga ebihingirwe ebirikwetantara amaizi (omuceeri, tarot, cattails) nainga eby' # ''Okuzibira omwonyo:''' Okukoresa amaizi nikireeta omwonyo, okwiirira kakye n'amaizi g'omutindo murungi, okureeta omwonyo ahansi y'emirandira (ku ogire ngu emifuregye neija kugyihaho). Hindura Enkora nungi y'okutwara amaizi omu maize, eshemereire kureetaho amaizi agarikukira obwingi kandi gasherekye omu muringo ogurikwetengwa, okuzibira emyanya y'ahansi okwetorora amaizi (Australian Government, 2025). Omusiri ku gurikuba guri aha rushozi, ebishengye nainga ebishengye ebirikwera nibibaasa kutwara amaizi omu muringo ogurikwetengwa. Okutwarira hamwe, reeba ngu emyanya y'okutwaramu amaizi erikwetengwa ( ''Okucondooza''' Bwanyima y'okwihirira amaizi nainga enjura nyingi,garukamu obutoosha okureeba obukooko oburikujanjaara.Rondoora ebihingirwe okureeba obukooko oburikujanjaara nainga obwa kinekye (oburemeezi bw'amaizi).Okwombeka ekidiba ky'okureeba (paipu ya pvc erimu ebituli omu mwanya gw'amaizi) nikibaasisa okukyebera obwiire bw'amaizi.Okubiika ebaruha y'enjura/okwihirira hamwe n'okugarukwamu ''Enkora''' Eby'okurya ebirikuruga omu itaka nibibaho obu eby'okurya ebirikuruga omu itaka (okukira munonga nitrate-N hamwe na potassium) birikujanjaara aheeru y'ekicweka ky'emirandira ahabw'amaizi agarikukira obwingi. Amaizi g'okwitirira (nainga enjura) ku garikusinga amaizi g'eitaka, nitrates nizitamburira ahansi n'amaizi agarikuruga omu itaka. Eitaka eririmu omusheenyi gw'amaani hamwe n'eitaka eririkwetoroora nibikira kubaho ''Enkora nungi y'okureeberera'' Ekikuru n'okukoresa orwezo rw'ebihingirwe kurugirira ahabyetaago by'ebihingirwe n'okukyendeeza ebirugire omu bikooko. Ebintu ebir # ''Split applications:'' Siba orwezo omu doozi nkye ezirikwetengwa kurugirira aha mitendera y'okukura kw'ebihingirwe, okukira okubyara byona. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, habaho doozi y'okutandika omu kubyara hamwe n'okwongyera N ahagati y'obwire. Okusiba nikukyendeza munonga N etakoresiibwe. Okucondooza nikworeka ngu ahaitaka ry'omusheenyi, split N (otwari # ''Fertigation (chemigation):'''Imbaho ekicweka ky'ebigimusa (okukira munonga nayitrogyeni) omu nkora y'okwitirira. Eki nikibaasisa okukoresa emirundi mingi, okukoresa kukye omu bwire bw'okukura kw'ekimera, kandi kiketantara emibazi mingi enjura nyingi etakahikire. Ekitongore kya Yunivasite ya Minnesota Extension nikyoreka ngu fertigation n'enkora nungi y'okureeberera okukyendeeza okushuka kwa nayitrogyeni.''. # ''Okuteeka:''Banda nainga otaho ebigimusa haihi n'emirandira y'ebimera, omu mwanya gw'okubitwara ahaiguru. Eki nikireetaho ebiriisa ahu ebimera birikubaasa kubitunga. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, okuta N na P omu mwanya mukye ogurikwingana sentimita 510 haihi n'orunyiriri rw'embibo, nikikyendeeza okujanjaara kwa P kandi kiguma # ''Slow-release or organic sources:'' Kozesa ebigimusa bya N ebirikujwekyerwa nainga ebirikujwekyerwa mporampora; eki nikyendeza nitrate y'eitaka. Okwongyera ebintu ebirikukwata ahaitaka (compost, manure) nikitunguura entekateka y'eitaka hamwe n'obushoboorozi bw'okuhindura ebiriisa, ekirikuhwera okuk # ''Okurinda obugimu bw'eitaka:'' Yetantare okufukirira emirundi mingi munonga, kugira ngu habeho amaizi garikwemerera, nainga okwihaho emizi. Ku kirikubaasika, kozesa ebyoma by'okucondooza obugimu bw'eitaka, nainga ebyoma # ''Buffer strips and cover crops:'''Oburugo bw'ebihingirwe nainga oburugo bw'amabeere nibubikka ebihingirwe aha rubaju rw'eitaka nainga ahagati y'eitaka kukwata ebiriisa ebirikuruga omu maizi. Ekikopo ky'ebihingirwe nikibaasa kukwata nitrates omu eitaka zitakahikire omu maizi. Nikyo kimwe, okubikka ebihingirwe (ebihimba, ebihingirwe ''Okucondooza''' Ebimanyiso bikye nibibaasa kurabura okurabura. Amababi ga kinekye nigabaasa kworeka eibura rya N. Okukyebera eitaka obutoosha (okukira munonga nitrate-N) aha burengye butarikushushana, nikibaasa kworeka omuhendo gw'eby'okurya ebyombekyeire hamwe n'okufeerwa. Okutaho ebyoma by'okurabura amaizi agarikuruga omu maizi ga nitrate, nikibaasa kuhwera omukukyebera amaizi. Obubonero oburikureebeka nk'okukurakurana kw'ebishaka omu bisharara, nabwo nibubaasa kworeka okubura kw'eby'okurya. = ''7. ENTEEKATEEKA Y'OKUKORA AHA MAZIBA FARM Y'AMAIZI''' = = ''7.1 Ebigyendererwa n'obuhango''' = * Okureeba ngu ebyombeko by'amaizi biri aha rurengo: Okukyebera n'okugarura busya ebidiba n'emyanya y'okushomeramu enjura etakahikire. * Rinda eitaka n'amaizi: Teekaho obuteebekana bw'eitaka n'ebimera kandi okyebera emiringo y'okurinda eitaka okurwanisa okutsinduka kw'eitaka. * Rondoora kandi oyangure: Omu bwire bw'enjura, rondoora amaizi agarikuruga omu maizi, amaizi g'omu bidiba, hamwe n'okutsinduka kw'eitaka; sh * Okukoresa kurungi obwire bw'ekyanda: Teekaho enteekateeka y'okwitirira n'okureeberera ebidiba/ebyombeko, okurinda ebihingirwe omu bwire bw * Kureetaho entunguuka erikugumaho: Kozesa foomu y'okwecondooza ey'omwaka okureeba buri kikorwa (15 scale) kandi oteekateekye emirimo yo. = ''7.2 Ebyafaayo: Enkora ya Faamu ya Maziba''' = Maziba eri omu bisharara bya Kigezi omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Uganda (oburaingwa bwa ~15002300 m) (Miiro, 1999). Embeera y'obwire nungi munonga n'obutagasi bwa 17-18 °C hamwe n'obunyogovu bwingi. Enjura erikugwa buri mwaka neegura mita 1,2001,500 (ahaiguru aha rushozi, ahansi omu bibanda). Hariho ''ebiro bibiri eby'enjura'': enjura enkuru kuruga omu kwezi kwa kashatu kuhisya okwezi kwa mushanju (ekikuru omu kwakana) hamwe n'enjura nkye kuruga omu kwezi kwamwenda kuhisya Emyezi erikukizayo n'eyahagati y'omwaka (JuneAugust) hamwe n'okutandika kw'okwezi kw'okubanza. Enkora egi eshemereire kukwatanisibwa n'obwire bw'okweteekateekyera n'okwitirira. Eitaka aha faamu za Maziba n'eitaka ry'obutiti eririkwetengwa munonga n'obutiti bwa asidi (Feralsols, Luvisols, Regosols) (Nseka et al. , 2022). Eby'obuhangwa n'eby'obuhangwa n'eby'omutindo; emisiri mingi neegasirwa kuruga omu myanya hamwe n'obutungi bw'ebihingwa. Ebihingwa Abahingi baingi nibabyara n'emiti (ebitookye, omwani) aha rushozi. ''Amaizi g'omu faamu hamwe n'ebibanda:'' Omu kicweka eki, amaizi makye g'eitaka nainga ebidiba (obumwe aha faamu nainga eitaka rya buriijo) nibikoresibwa okukwata amaizi g'omugyera. Ebiziba ebi nibombekwa n'eitaka ry'omubyaro; ekikondo ky'eitaka ekyahagati nainga ekikondo ky'eitaka ekyombekirwe nikikozesibwa kukwata amaizi, hamwe n'ebidiba (embankments) nibombekwa okwetoroora ekicweka kikye. Amaizi g'omwiyanja agarikureebererwa kurungi, nigabaasa kureeta amaizi omu bwire bw'ekyanda, kwonka gatarikureebererwa, nigabaasa kuruga omu maizi. = ''7.3 Entebekanisa y'obwire bw'enjura''' = ''Okwetegyereza ebyombeko'' ''Ryari:'' emyezi 23 etakahikire enjura y'okubanza. ''Engeri:'' Tambura oburaingwa bwa buri daamu/ekidiba (ahaiguru n'ahansi y # ''Enjatika, okusimba, nainga ebiina''' aha rushozi nainga emishororongo (ebirikubaasa kworeka okutsinduka kwa payipu nainga okutsinduka kw' # ''Ebinnya by'enyamaishwa'''. Ebinnya by'enyamaishwa ebikye nibibaasa kukyendeeza amaizi. Jjuza ebiina byona ahonaaho n'eitaka eririkw # ''Emyanya y'amaizi''.Ebintu ebirimu amaizi nainga ebimera ebitari bya buriijo aha maguru nibyoreka oburengye. Teeka akamanyiso aha myanya egi # ''Omwanya gw'okucwekyereza/omwanya gw'okugarukamu.'' Reeba ngu omwanya gw'okucwekyereza gukozirweho amabaare, kandi omwanya gw'ok ''''Ebikwato''''' Oruguuto rw'omutindo nainga orukiiko orurikwetegyerezibwa, okureeba oburengye bw'omutindo, ekikondo/ekikondo, hamwe n'ekikondo # ''Bund Repair:'' ''Ryari:'' Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okushwijuma ebirugiremu. # ''Ijuza kandi ogyemesereze eitaka:''' Ahabw'enjatika nkye nainga ebicweka ebirikucwekyerezibwa, yomba ebintu ebirikucwekyerera, reero ojjuze eitaka ry'eitaka eririmu eibumba omu mitendera ya sentimita 1020, ogyemesereze buri mutendera n'akapiira nainga ekigyere. Reeba ngu omusingi gw' # ''Teekamu oburyo bw'okwerinda okutsinduka kw'eitaka:''''Aha myanya y'oburungi nainga emyanya y'okushuka amaizi,shereka n'ebitundutundu by'enjovu (Napier) nainga obunyasi obundi omu runyiriri.Obunyasi obu bwine emizi mingi erikukwata eitaka n'okurwanisa # ''Emitwe:'' Ku erikuba eriho,byara enyiriri z'emigyera nainga ebindi by'obunyasi ahaiguru y'ekidiba okuzibira amaizi g'amaizi ''''Ebintu''''' Eitaka ry'eibumba (kirungi kuruga omu kiina ekirikwetengwa haihi n'eibumba ry'eibumba ry'eibumba ry'eibumba ry'eibumba ry ''Obyokwerinda:'' Yegyendesereze okuteera ebigyere aha mifuregye. Kozesa za giraavuzi waaba nookwata omwata ogurikwera. # ''Okugaruka kubyara obunyasi:'' Ku ogire ngu ebyoma ebirikuremesa obunyasi ebikuru bikomeire,garuka obibyare: # ''Cut healthy slips''' (3050 cm high) z'obunyasi bw'enjovu nainga entungo kuruga omu bimera bigumire aha faamu. # ''Tebekanisa ebituli'''' kuruga omu musiri buri mita 0.5-1. # ''Tema amababi goona agarikuzire''' okwihaho omwata otakabisize, kugira ngu omwata musya gumeho kurungi. ''Timeline'' Tandika okucondooza omu kwezi kw'okubanza, omaririze okugarura busya n'okubyara omu kwezi kwa kabiri. Eki nikihamya ngu eitaka riine obwire bw'okutebenkera n'obunyasi ''Abakozi:'' Tiimu y'abantu 24 nibabaasa kushwijuma n'okugarura busya ekidiba kikye omu biro 12 (kurugirira aha buhango); okubyara omwata aha hiika 0.1 aha rubaju rw'ekidiba nikitwara ebiro 12. ''Eky'okureeberaho ky'orukarara rw'okukyebera etakahikire'' # Za daamu zoona zikatamburwa kandi zaashwijumwa kureeba ngu zikaba ziine enjatika. # Ebihorooni/ebinnya by'amatungo bikaijuzibwa kandi byombekwa. # Omwanya gw'ahaiguru gukozirweho; emyanya y'ahansi egarukiremu. # Omwata niguteerwa ahaitaka eritaine busha. # Orugundo rw'amaizi rukasharwamu ebimera. = ''7.4 Okureebuuza n'okureeberera obwire bw'enjura''' = Omu bwire bw'enjura,ekigyendererwa n'okureeba oku amaizi garikutwaza n'okukwata oburemeezi bwona oburikubaho juba. Kozesa obubonero bukye kandi ohandiike ebihandiiko butoosha. Ebintu ebik # ''Runoff and Pond Level:'' Teekaho ''staff gauge'''' (omutegyeki w'omutindo) omu kidiba, kugira ngu oreebe oburengye bw'amaizi bwanyima y'enjura. Tegeka enjura (okukoresa gauge eyakozirwe omuka nainga eyaguzibwe) hamwe n'oburengye bw'ekidiba omurundi gumwe omu sande nainga ahanyima y'enjura nyingi. Okukyerererwa munonga omu burengye bw'amaizi ebiro ebirikukurataho (hatariho oburengye) nikyoreka oburengye. Kubarikuba hariho okukyerererwa kwa sentimita 3E;5 buri izooba,condooza aha kukyerererwa kw'amaizi nainga okweyongyera kw'amaizi. Ebikwato ebirikukoresibwa harimu ekipimo ky'enjura kyanguhi (nk'eky'okureeberaho, ekibbo ky'obuveera). Ekipimo ky'abakozi nikibaasa kuba ekikondo ky'ebiti ekirikujwekyerwa ekirikuteerwa omu banka. Kubarikuteekwateekwaho okukyerererwa kw'amaizi,condooza ekicweka ky'ekidiba (obwire bw'ekyanda bukyerereire) okukyer # ''Erosion Checks:''' Bwanyima y'enjura nyingi, kebera emisiri hamwe n'emyanya y'ekidiba okureeba obukooko nainga emifuregye. Reeba okukira munonga aha myanya y'okutamburiraho hamwe n'emyanya y'okushutama. Ebyoreka nibitwariramu okushutama kw'ebitosi ebirikubaasa kureebeka aha nshonda y'ekidiba, okutandika n'omwanya gw'okushutama. Eki kishemereire kukorwa buri sande 23 omu njura nyingi n'ahanyima y'eihunga ry'amaani. Obukooko obuto ku burikureebeka, bu # ''Fertilizer Timing:''Wetantare okuguza orwezo (okukira munonga nayitrojeni) bukiri kare enjura nyingi etakatandikire kugwa. Omugyera kuruga omu misiri erimu orwezo nigubaasa kutwara ebiriisa (nitrates, phosphates) omu kiyanja, okureetaho okukura kw'ebishaka n'okukyendeeza omutindo gw'amaizi. Amahurire nk'ago nigabaasa kwihwa kuruga omu kukoresa amahurire ga reediyo/esimu. Ku ogire ngu enjura nyingi # ''Okucondooza omutindo gw'amaizi (eky'okwerinda):' '' Ku orikukoresa amaizi g'ekidiba okunywa (kitari ky'okureebeka aha faamu ya Maziba, kwonka n'eky'okureeberaho), okukyebera # ''Okuhandiika ebirikukwataho:'''Bika ''ekitabo ky'ebitabo'' omu mwanya gwomire. Wandiika ebiro by'okushwijuma, enjura, obuziba bw'ekidiba, hamwe n'ebihandiiko byona (nk'eky'okureeberaho, Ekintu ky'enjura 4/3: 80 mm, ekidiba +60 cm # ''ebikwato by'okureebuuza eby'omuhendo gw'ahansi:''Kuhikaana n'ebikopo by'abakozi hamwe n'ebikopo by'enjura, abahingi nibabaasa kukoresa ebibbo ebirikwetegyerezibwa (okukyebera ebyarugire omu pumpu) = ''7.5 Enkora y'obwire bw'ekyanda''' = Emyezi y'ekyanda neeyetenga okukoresa amaizi n'okureeberera kurungi. Ebirikukorwa ebikuru n'okufukirira kurungi, okureeberera amaizi, n'okutebekanisa eitaka * ''Entebekanisa y'okwitirira:''Tebekanisa okwitirira kurugirira aha byetaago by'ebihingirwe hamwe n'obutiti bw'eitaka, kutari karenda et * ''Emitendera y'ebihingirwe:''Fukirira munonga ebihingirwe byaba biri omu mitendera y'amaani y'okukura (okureeberaho, ebimuri, okukura kw * ''Soil feel test:'' Kyebera obunyogovu bw'eitaka obwo orikusima akaina kakye akarikwingana sentimita 20-30. Eitaka ku ryaba niryeyongyera kurundaana engaro kandi hatariho maizi agarikureebwa,obunyogovu nibukumara. Eitaka erikw * ''Simple sensor:'' Kozesa mita y'obunyogovu bw'eitaka nainga tensiometer omu mwanya ogurikujwekyera (reeba ebikwato ahaiguru). Nk'eky'okureeberaho, tereka tensiometer aha burengye bwa sentimita 30 omu runyiriri rw'ebihingirwe; shoma buri sande. Ku erikworeka obunyogovu bwingi (ekyanda munonga), * ''Obwire/okwijuza amaizi omu kasheeshe:'' Fuka amaizi omu kasheeshe kakye nainga omu mwabazyo/omwebazyo okukyendeza okufeerwa kw'amaizi. * ''Kyebera omuhendo:'' Ku orikukoresa pampu, pima entambura: pima omu baketi okumara edakiika emwe okutunga L/min, kandi obwiire bw' ''Okutereeza ekidiba''' Bwanyima y'enjura, kandi otakabwiire amaizi, kwihaho omusheenyi n'ebisasiro: * ''Okucwekyereza amaizi:'' Ku oraabe otungire amaizi haihi n'omwanya ogurikwetorwamu amaizi, gashemereire kushangwa omu misiri nk'eitaka * 'Okuzibira omwata:'' Yihaho omwata ogurikuba guri aha nshonda (zibikire n'obuveera nainga zibikureho) omwata oguri omu maizi nigubaasa * ''Okwetegyereza emifuregye:'' Aha kutandika nainga ahamuheru gw'obwire bw'ekyanda, koona amaizi g'ekidiba kuhika ahansi y'omuhanda gw'okwihaho amaizi. Kyebera ebidiba by'okwihaho amaizi, nainga emyanya y'okwihaho amaizi. Hunduuza enjatika or * ''Okubaho kw'ebyenyanja:'' Ekidiba kyaba kiine ebyenyanja, bikwate nainga obihindure bitakakozirweho munonga. ''Okucondooza obunyogovu bw'eitaka''' N'omu bwire bw'ekyanda, rinda obugimu bw'eitaka: * Okusiika: Siika ebisigaire by'ebihingirwe nainga obunyasi ahaitaka eririkwesherekyerera okukyendeeza omuriro. * Ebisigarira by'ebihingirwe: Reka emizi y'ebihingirwe ebisharuwirwe omu mwanya gwayo, okureeba ngu byongyera amaizi g'eitaka omu sizoni erik * Sensa z'obunyogovu: Obumwe n'obumwe ogarukye okushwijuma obunyogovu bw'eitaka, okureeba ngu okwitirira nikumara. ''Enguuto z'okureeba ebirikuruga'' Amaizi g'ekidiba ku garikugwa gatarikuteekateekwaho waaba otarikuhinga, kebera oburengye: * Okugyeza okujuza: Jjuza ekidiba kandi opimire amaizi agarikwetengwa buri eizooba. Ku garikugwa kurenga sentimita 23 buri eizooba, hatariho oburengye, * Okukyebera omwika: Kwekyera omuriro haihi n'omwanya ogurikuteekwateekwaho kuba nigubwatuka; amaizi agarikweyongyera nigabaasa kworeka omwanya ogur * Okuta embaaho omu itaka: Vuga ekikondo kihango omu eitaka ahu kirikuteekwateekwaho kuba nikishwekyerera; kyaba nikitemba ahaiguru nk'oku eitaka ririkushwekyerera a * ''Okureberera ebyoma:''Okwombeka n'okubiika za pumpu, hoses, hamwe n'ebikwato bwanyima y'okukoresa. Kyebera ekyoma/omwanya = ''7.6 Foomu y'okwetegyereza buri mwaka''' = Aha muheru gw'omwaka, abahingi bashemereire kushwijuma emirimo yaabo yoona. Ahansi hariho eky'okureeberaho ekirikubaasa kukoresibwa okuteera n'okurinda ebihandiiko by'omubyaro. Gyeragyeranisa buri kintu kandi ohandiike ebirikwetengwa. {| class="wikitable" !'''Activity/Item''' !'''Score 1–5''' !'''Comments or Next Actions''' |- |Pre-season inspection completed (Y/N) |___ | |- |Bunds repaired/compacted (Yes/No) |___ |e.g., ''If no, plan a bund-repair workshop'' |- |Grass cover on bunds (good/patchy/bare) |___ |''Consider replanting or mulching'' |- |Spillway clear (Y/N) |___ | |- |Runoff erosion minimal (Yes/No) |___ |''If no, add contour hedges or mulch'' |- |Fertilizer timing (avoided heavy rains) |___ |''Adjust calendar or use slow-release N'' |- |Rainfall &#x26; pond levels recorded (Y/N) |___ | |- |No major leaks or breaches (Y/N) |___ |''Plan leak repair if needed'' |- |Irrigation schedule followed (Yes/No) |___ |''If no, try soil probe or local ET table'' |- |Pond maintained/desilted (Y/N) |___ | |- |Soil moisture adequate at planting (Y/N) |___ | |- |Overall water use efficiency (1–5) |___ |''E.g., ratio of water applied vs. yield'' |} ''Obuhabuzi bw'obubonero:'' 45 nikyoreka ngu emirimo ekakorwa kurungi hatariho nshonga; 23 nikyoreka oburemeezi obumwe; 1 nikimanyisa ngu emirimo ekanagaanibwa. Ku bubonero bwona oburi ahansi ya 3, manya emitendera y'okutereeza ahansi ya Ebigarukwamu. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, bondi ku ziraabe zikozire 2, tebekanisa eizooba ry'okugarura busya abantu boona, nainga okut ''Oruteerane rw'okukyebera''' Okwejunisa ahonaaho, eky'okureeberaho orukarara rw'okukyebera ebiro by'enjura bitakahikire (okusiba aha kisiika): # ''Yetegyereze ekidiba/ekidiba:''Tamburira aha myanya yoona erikwetoroora; reeba enjatika, okushandara, nainga ebituga by'enyamaishwa # ''Eshonga z'okugarura busya:'' Jjuza enjatika n'eibumba; ekicweka ky'amaani; ozibire ebiina. # ''Kyebera ebimera:'' Byarira obunyasi oburikujanjaara ahaitaka eritaine busha (handika obunyasi obubyarirwe. # ''Clean spillway/outlet:'' Yihaho ebisasiro kuruga omu muhanda gwa spillway. # ''Eby'okukoresa byeteekateekire:'' Reeba ngu pampu/amajuuta nibikora; gira tar/eibumba ryeteekateekire okutereeza ebirikuruga. Nikyo kimwe, orukarara rw'okukyebera obwire bw'enjura nirutwariramu okukyebera ekidiba bwanyima y'eihunga ry'amaani hamwe n'okukyebera enjura n'oburaingwa bw'ekidiba buri [[File:Seasonal_activities_maziba_farm_2026.jpg|365x365px]] Emirimo y'ebiro n'ebiro omu faamu za Maziba sub-catchment (2026) = ''Ebihandiiko''' = Gavumenti ya Australia. (2025). ''Okuhinga omwani omu bantu bakye omuri Papua New Guinea Akatabo k'okutendeka abahingi''. Brunner, GW. (2026). ''HEC-RAS River Analysis System. HEC-RAS 2D user's Manual. Enkora 65''. https://apps.dtic.mil/ Curry, G., &x26; Curnow, J. (2024). ''Okutunguura emituurire y'abahingi bakye b'omwani omuri Papua New Guinea''. Ripoota y Datta, S., Taghvaeian, S.,&#x26;Stivers, J. (2017). ''Okwetegyereza amaizi g'omuitaka hamwe n&#x27;emiringo y&# Esta, L. ,&#x26; Adunga, B. (2012). Akatabo akarikukwata aha kuzibira n&#x27;okurwanisa emifuregye omu kicweka kya Nile, enteekateeka ya burugwa izooba bwa Nile ey&#x27;Eastern Nile, Technical Regional Office (ENTRO), Eastern Nile Watershed Management Project, Addis Ernst, M. (2017). ''Enkora y'okufukirira''. CCD-FS-1. Lexington, KY: Center for Crop Diversification, University of ... https://ccd.uk.edu/ Orwakataano, K.S. (1999). ''Iperata okugarura busya eitaka ry'omwata barikukoresa eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa n'okugarura bus Gavumenti ya Uganda. (1990) 'Ebiragiro by'obuhangwa bw'eihanga (ebisharara, enyanja hamwe n'emyanya y'enyanja), Na. 3 (1990)'. Gavumenti ya Uganda. (2016). Jayashree, B. (2018). ''Okwombeka eitaka kurinda eitaka kandi kwongyera aha ntaatsya y'abahingi n'abariisa ebicweka 20% omuri Mali''. https Johnson, A.I. (1963a). ''Enkora y'omumwanya y'okupima okutaahirira''. USGPO, https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/wsp Kasolo, W. K., &26; Temu, AB. (2008). Okutoorana emiringo y'emiti omu by'obuhingi n'oburiisa omuri buffer zone: Enshonga y'ekibira kya Budongo omu Uganda. ' Miiro, R. (1999). Enshonga ezirikureetaho enkoresa y'eitaka omu myanya y'emishozi omu disiturikiti ya Kabale, Uganda. ''Okugumyaho faamu y'ensi yoona: Empapura ezitoronoreirwe kuruga omu rukiiko rw'ensi yoona or ''MN15680.pdf''. (n.d.). Kikatwarwa okwezi kwa kashatu 19, 2016, kuruga aha https://www.cifor-icraf.org/publications/downloads/P Morris, M. &26; Energy, N. (2006). Okucondooza aha businguzi bw'eitaka: Ebikwato n'emiringo y'esente nkye. ''Ekitongore ky' Ndemere, J. (2018). ''Ebikwatireine na tekinorogye y'okurinda eitaka n'amaizi aha bintu by'eitaka omuri Maziba Sub Catchment, Kabale_U Nseka, D. , Kakembio, V. , Mugagga, F. , Semakula, H. , Opedes, H. , Wasswa, H. , 26; Ayesiga, P. (2022). Ebirikukwata aha mutindo gw'eitaka aha kutsinduka kw'eitaka omu byaro bya kigezi omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izoo Rivenshield, A., 26; Bassuk, N. L. (2007). Okukoresa empindahinduka y'obuhangwa okukyendeeza obwingi bw'eitaka n'okwongyera amaani g'eitaka. ''Arbor Rusoke, C. , Nyakuni, A. , Mwebaze, S. , Okorio, J. , Akena, F. , 26; Kimaru, G. . Orwamukaaga, A., Hernegger, M., Kangume, S., 26; Stecher, G. (2025). Okuhinduka omu bwire n'omwanya gw'omutindo gw'amaizi g'omumyanya y'obuhingi n'oburiisa Shinde, P. &26; Chavhan, S. (2018a). ''Obukoryo bw'okurinda amaizi: Emyanya y'okutamburiraho''. https://www.mahasib Shinde, P. &26; Chavhan, S. (2018b). ''Obukoryo bw'okurinda amaizi: Emyanya y'okutamburiraho''. https://www.mahasib Stephens, T. (2010a). ''Manual on small earth dams''. FAO; https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/8909e1-0cfb-48b Stephens, T. (2010b). ''Manual on small earth dams''. FAO; https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/8909e1-0cfb-48b Truong, P., Van, TT, &x26; Pinners, E. (2008). Akatabo k'eby'emikono akarikukwata aha nkora ya Vetiver. ''The Vetiver United States Natural Resources Conservation. (1981). ''Ponds: Planning, design, construction''. Ekitongore ky'eby'obuhingi ekya Amerika. https://books.google.com/books USDA. (n.d.-a). ''Ekitongore ky'ahonaaho eky'okureebuuza ebifaananyi''. USDA. (n.d.-b). ''Obutiti bw'eitaka/Obusingye/Obwire: Ekitabo ky'abeegyesa''. Zeng, F. , Zuo, Z. , Mo, J. , Chen, C. , Yang, X. , Wang, J. , Wang, Y. , Zhao, Z. , Chen, T. , 26; Li, Y. (2021). Okufeerwa kwa nayitrojeni na phosphorus kuruga omu kuhinga omuceeri n'ebicoori: Okucondooza omu kicweka kya Dongjiang, omu mashuuma ga China. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] etmbt2zvqf3a175y5njm5grr79k8vzw 0 3741490 7240834 7110734 2026-07-06T10:12:26Z Soy20 2653919 7240834 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Hango sa Tagalog Wikipedia / Kategorya:Peminismo at Alamat sa Kamaynilaan --> [[File:Josefa_Llanes_Escoda_monument.png|thumb|Josefa Llanes Escoda, founder sang Girl Scouts of the Philippines]] [[File:Girl Scouts of the Philippines.jpg|thumb|Makasaysayan nga marka ng ''Girl Scouts of the Philippines'']] Ang Girl Scouts of the Philippines (GSP) amo ang pungsodnon nga asosasyon sang mga "Girl Scouts" para sa mga dalagita sa Pilipinas. Ini nga asosasyon para sa mga dalagita lamang nagaalagad kag may 800,000 ka mga katapo sang 2017.<ref name="wagggs-membership">{{Wp/hil/Cite web |title=Our world. Philippines |url=http://www.wagggs.org/en/world/organisations?mo=107 |publisher=World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts |access-date=January 12, 2007 |archive-date=Pebrero 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204223937/http://www.wagggs.org/en/world/organisations?mo=107 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <blockquote> '''Tinutuyo:''' ''Buligi ang mga kababayin-an kag lamharon nga mga babayi nga mareyalisar ang mga ideyal sang pagkababayi kag ihanda ang ila mga kaugalingon para sa ila mga responsibilidad sa puluy-an, sa pungsod, kag sa pangkalibutanon nga katilingban.''<ref name="gsp-mission">{{Wp/hil/Cite web |title=What is Girl Scouting? |url=http://www.girlscouts.org.ph/aboutus_index.html |publisher=Girl Scouts of the Philippines |access-date=January 12, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116110315/http://www.girlscouts.org.ph/aboutus_index.html |archive-date=January 16, 2010 }}</ref> </blockquote> Ang tropa sang Girl Scout sang Pilipinas nagsugod sang 1918 nga ginabug-usan sang [[Wp/hil/Estados Unidos|Amerikano]] nga mga misyonero kag mga soldado. Ang una nga nagbuylog sa sini nga hublag amo sanday Pilar Hidalgo-Lim kag [[Wp/hil/Josefa Llanes Escoda|Josefa Llanes Escoda]], kag sang 1939, si Mrs. Escoda ginpadala sa [[Wp/hil/United States|United States]] kag [[Wp/hil/United Kingdom|Britain]] para sa paghanas sa operasyon sini. Sa pagbalik ni Ginang Escoda sa Pilipinas, gilayon niya nga ginsugdan ang pagtukod sang '''GSP''' sa bulig sang iban pa nga mga organisasyon sibiko. [[File:Mrs. Josefa Llanes Escoda in 1941.jpg|frameless|left|30030x3000px|]] Sang 1946, ang GSP ginbaton bilang isa ka tenderfoot nga katapo sang World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) sa ika-11 nga World Conference nga ginhiwat sa Evian, France. Sang 1948, ang GSP nangin bug-os nga katapo sang WAGGGS sa ika-12 nga Komperensya sang Kalibutan nga ginhiwat sa Cooperstown, New York. ==Mga kawad pagwa== * [https://girlscouts.org.ph/ ''Girl Scouts of the Philippines'' ] * [https://www.scribd.com/document/433527117/GSP ''Kasaysayan ng Girl Scouts: Girl Scouting sa Pilipinas'' ] == Ginkuhaan == {{Wp/hil/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/hil]] [[Category:Wp/hil/Feminismo kag Mitolohiya]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5564427}} evvlvm70hgj1u82lrirxp0zfjl88e8s 0 3742004 7240645 7109310 2026-07-06T05:03:29Z Sree1959 2594881 /* */ சொற்றொடர்நூல்களின் பகுதியாக மாற்றப்பட்டது 7240645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|WV banner Kerala Thiruvegappura temple.jpg}} '''மலையாளம்''' (മലയാളം) திராவிட மொழிக்குடும்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்தது; இது பெரும்பாலும் [[Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா|தென்னிந்தியா]]வில் உள்ள [[Wy/ta/கேரளம்|கேரளம்]] மாநிலத்திலும், [[Wy/ta/இலட்சத்தீவு|இலட்சத்தீவு]]களிலும் பேசப்படுகிறது. இந்தியாவின் 22 அலுவல் மொழிகளில் ஒன்றான இம்மொழியை சுமார் 3.6 கோடி மக்கள் பேசுகின்றனர். மலையாளம் பேசுபவர் "மலையாளி" என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறார். பெரும்பாலான மலையாளம் பேசுபவர்களுக்கு அடிப்படை ஆங்கிலச் சொற்கள் தெரிந்திருக்கும். ஆங்கிலப் பெயர்ச்சொற்கள் இவர்களது அன்றாடப் பேச்சுவழக்கில் அடிக்கடி பயன்படுத்தப்படுவதோடு, அப்பேச்சுவழக்கின் பெரும்பகுதியையும் ஆக்கிரமித்துள்ளன. மலையாளச் சொற்களுக்கு மாற்றாகப் பொதுவான ஆங்கிலப் பெயர்ச்சொற்களைப் பயன்படுத்த இயலும். {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/சொற்றொடர்நூல்கள்}} ==உச்சரிப்பு வழிகாட்டி== மலையாளத்தின் ஒலியியல் தெலுகு மற்றும் கன்னடத்தின் ஒலியியலைப் போன்றது. மலையாள எழுத்துக்களைப் பற்றி நீங்கள் பெரிதாகக் கவலைப்படத் தேவையில்லை. கேரளாவில் உள்ள பெரும்பாலான அதிகாரப்பூர்வ அறிவிப்புப் பலகைகள் ஆங்கிலத்திலும் எழுதப்பட்டிருக்கும்; மேலும், நீங்கள் புரிந்துகொள்ள வேண்டிய பெரும்பாலான வாசகங்கள், ஆங்கில எழுத்துக்களைப் பயன்படுத்தி எழுதப்படும் மலையாள வடிவமான ''Manglish''-(மங்க்லீசு)லேயே அமைந்திருக்கும். குறுஞ்செய்திகள் அனுப்புதல், சமூக ஊடகங்களில் எழுதுதல், சுவரோவியங்கள் மற்றும் சில அறிவிப்புப் பலகைகளில் இந்த ''மங்க்லீசு'' பயன்பாடு பரவலாகக் காணப்படுகிறது. இருப்பினும், இது ஒரு பேச்சுவழக்கு வடிவமே தவிர, முறையாகத் தரப்படுத்தப்பட்ட ஒன்றல்ல. ===உயிரெழுத்துக்கள்=== இதன் முக்கிய வேறுபாடு, குறில் மற்றும் நெடில் உயிரெழுத்துக்களுக்கு இடையிலான வித்தியாசமாகும். [[Category:Wy/ta/Phrasebooks]] 3x7kzlh6h6uj87vslqxf33cr83a8j2f 0 3746041 7240822 7121905 2026-07-06T09:59:19Z Soy20 2653919 7240822 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''Facebook''' isa ka Amerikanhon nga ''social networking service'' nga ginapanag-iyahan sang Amerikanhon nga ''technology conglomerate'' nga Meta Platforms. Gintukod ini sang 2004 ni [[Wp/hil/Mark Zuckerberg|Mark Zuckerberg]], upod ang iya mga kaupod sa kwarto sa [[Wp/hil/Harvard College|Harvard College]] kag mga estudyante man nga sanday Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, kag Chris Hughes. Ang ngalan nga Facebook naghalin sa ''face book directories'' nga masami ginahatag sa mga estudyante sa unibersidad sa Amerika. Ang serbisyo sang una limitado lang sa mga estudyante sang Harvard antes ini amat-amat nga naglapnag sa iban nga mga unibersidad sa North America. Sugod sang 2006, ginatugutan na sang Facebook ang pagrehistro sang mga indibidwal nga nagapang-edad 13 pataas, luwas sa South Korea, Espanya, kag Quebec, kon sa diin ang pinakanubo nga edad amo ang 14.<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite web |title=How do I report a child under the age of 14 on Facebook in South Korea, Spain or Quebec, Canada? |url=https://www.facebook.com/help/100532533374396/ |website=Facebook |access-date=October 9, 2023 |archive-date=October 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013215702/https://www.facebook.com/help/100532533374396/?helpref=related_articles=How |url-status=live }}</ref> Sang Disyembre 2023, nagreport ang Facebook sang mga 3.07 bilyon nga bulanan nga mga aktibo nga nagagamit sang app sa bilog nga kalibutan. Sang Hulyo 2025, ini ang nangin ikatlo nga pinakaginaduaw nga website sa kalibutan, kun sa diin 23 porsyento sang mga nagaduaw diri naghalin sa Estados Unidos. Ini ang pinakagin-download nga mobile application sang dekada 2010.<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite web|url=https://9to5mac.com/2019/12/16/apps-and-games-of-the-decade/|title=These were the most-downloaded apps and games of the decade|last=Miller|first=Chance|date=December 17, 2019|website=9to5Mac|access-date=December 17, 2019|archive-date=December 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217130013/https://9to5mac.com/2019/12/16/apps-and-games-of-the-decade/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Mga pangguwa nga kawad == * [https://www.facebook.com/ Opisyal nga website] == Ginkuhaan == {{Wp/hil/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q355}} 6onjq4r9tswatpp499uu5ijy4f6zb6h 0 3749453 7240783 7132194 2026-07-06T09:27:26Z VEN KE TU 2583250 7240783 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == တက်ကြ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/tɛʔt͡ɕ/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === (စိတ်အား) ပြင်းပြ လာရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === feisty === ဗမာ === (စိတ်အား) ပြင်းပြ လာသည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] afinm79dl7qtvj2kc41lze7co1op8oz 0 3750665 7240239 7135058 2026-07-05T14:19:12Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/rki/character info}} ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/u/}} ===ရင်းမြစ်=== * ဦ(v) == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ဦ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔù/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမာ ပါဝင်ရေ သရတမျိုး။ အက္ခရာအူ ဟု ခေါ်ရေ။ သင်္ကေတမာ (ူ)နှစ်ချောင်းငင် ဖြစ်တေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === sixth in the set of twelve vowels traditionally taught in the learning of Arakan Language === ဗမာ === သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးတွင် ပါဝင်သော သရတစ်မျိုး။ အက္ခရာအူ ဟု ခေါ်သည်။ သင်္ကေတမှာ (ူ)နှစ်ချောင်းငင် ဖြစ်သည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 8jtdw3pxn5wybn2wcz6ds2zxx7ykn6o 0 3753654 7240784 7143128 2026-07-06T09:31:48Z VEN KE TU 2583250 7240784 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == တစ်ချပ် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/tɪʔt͡ɕʰaʔ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === တစ်ကျပ်ကို ခေါ်ရေ စကားလုံး။ သကြဇ်ဂ ၅၈ ခု၊ တင်္ကာတရာ၊ ငါးဆဲ့လေးချပ် (ဘုရားနီ)။ သွပ်ပြားတစ်ရွှား၊ သင်ပုန်းတစ်ရွှား အစဟိစွာ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === one kyat === ဗမာ === တစ်ကျပ်ကို ခေါ်သော စကားလုံး။ သကြဇ်ဂ ၅၈ ခု၊ တင်္ကာတရာ၊ ငါးဆဲ့လေးချပ် (ဘုရားနီ)။ သွပ်ပြားတစ်ချပ်၊ သင်ပုန်းတစ်ချပ် စသည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 8z81jmwgazot5iz1j8fdhym79nbp2gr 0 3769446 7240166 7179884 2026-07-05T13:11:14Z Zahraswaty 2609624 /* Cala ma caca */ 7240166 wikitext text/x-wiki = Karai-Karai = '''bābùrakkàm''' == Misàali == ==Cala ma caca== [[Category:Wt/kai]] nsdr95dfc6olwa3mpobjetrv43hk4yu 7240167 7240166 2026-07-05T13:11:40Z Zahraswaty 2609624 /* Cala ma caca */ 7240167 wikitext text/x-wiki = Karai-Karai = '''bābùrakkàm''' == Misàali == ==Cala ma caca== {{Wt/kai/cite book |ref={{Wt/kai/harvid|Tikau|Yusuf|2009}} |first1=Abubaka Idris |last1=Tikau |first2=Ibrahim |last2=Yusuf |first3=Malam Kariya |last3=Gambo |first4=Umaru Manu |last4=Karofi |first5=Dauda |last5=Mamu |first6=Rifkatu I. |last6=Bumi |first7=Russel G. |last7=Schuh |title=Karekare-English-Hausa dictionary |publisher=Yobe Languages Research Project |location=Potiskum |date=2009 |url=http://aflang.humnet.ucla.edu/Yobe/Dictionaries/Karekare_english_hausa_2009.pdf |language=en |archive-date=2015-12-06 |access-date=2025-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151206080809/http://aflang.humnet.ucla.edu/Yobe/Dictionaries/Karekare_english_hausa_2009.pdf |url-status=dead }} [[Category:Wt/kai]] l1o2epz3j5cdy2okewx3fb3bqskkzc1 0 3771506 7240659 7205190 2026-07-06T05:35:07Z Soy20 2653919 7240659 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Batchoy from Iloilo City, Aug 2024.jpg|thumb|279x279px|Batchoy halin sa Dakbanwa sang Iloilo]] Ang '''Batchoy''', nga ginabaybay man nga '''batsoy''', isa noodles nga may sabaw sa [[Wp/hil/Pilipinas|Pilipinas]] nga may kasudlan sang baboy, gindugmo nga chicharon, lomo sang baka, kag miki noodles. Ang orihinal kag pinakasikat nga bersyon sini, ang '''La Paz batchoy''', naghalin sa distrito sang La Paz sa [[Wp/hil/Dakbanwa sang Iloilo|Dakbanwa sang Iloilo]], sa Pilipinas.<ref name="caligan">{{Wp/hil/Cite news | last =Caligan | first =Michelle S. | title =The Ten Peso Wonder | publisher =EntrepreNews | date =May 26, 2009 | url =http://www.entreprenews.com.ph/main.php?id=052609.feature | access-date =September 3, 2009 | archive-date =September 1, 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090901081621/http://www.entreprenews.com.ph/main.php?id=052609.feature | url-status =dead }}</ref> <ref name="besa">{{Wp/hil/Cite book | last1=Besa | first1=A. | last2=Dorotan | first2=R. | title=Memories of Philippine Kitchens | publisher=Abrams | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-61312-808-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=He-RBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT418 | access-date=August 24, 2018 | page=pt418}}</ref> == Ginhalinan == Wala pa gid nahisugtan kon diin naghalin ang La Paz Batchoy bangod may pila ka mga sugilanon nga nagaangkon sang pagkaimbento sini: * Gin-abrihan ni Domingo Lozada ang ila pwesto sang batchoy, ang Inggo's Batchoy, sadtong 1922 kag nagasiling sila nga sila ang pinakauna nga tindahan sang batchoy sa La Paz, Syudad sang Iloilo; 16 ka tuig ang abanse sini antes mag-abri ang Deco's La Paz Batchoy Shop sadtong 1938.<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite web | url=https://www.exploreiloilo.com/do/info/la-paz-batchoy/ | title=La Paz Batchoy }}</ref><ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite web | url=https://www.thelonerider.com/2008/mar/batchoy/batchoy.shtml | title=Batchoy }}</ref> * May nagaangkon man nga ang pagkaon nga ini gin-imbento ni Federico Guilergan Sr. sadtong 1938 sa Iloilo.<ref name="sunstar2009">{{Wp/hil/Cite news |last=Pendon |first=Lydia C. |title=Batchoy bowl draws thousands of children, adults |publisher=Sun.Star Iloilo |date=January 22, 2009 |url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/iloilo/batchoy-bowl-draws-thousands-children-adults |access-date=September 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512144245/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/iloilo/batchoy-bowl-draws-thousands-children-adults |archive-date=May 12, 2009 }}</ref> Ang iya resipe gumikan sa kombinasyon sang sabaw, noodles, baka, kag baboy. Ang sabaw sang ulihi nagbag-o kag nangin amo ang itsura subong kag nangin pinakasikat nga pagkaon sa Syudad sang Iloilo. Suno kay Federico Guillergan, Jr., nga anak sang nag-imbento sang sabaw, nagsiling sia nga sang una, lahog-lahog nga gintawag sang iya amay nga "bats" ang pagkaon sang ginpamangkot kon ano ang ngalan sini. Sang ulihi, gindugangan niya ini sang "choy", nga naghalin sa utan nga chop suey.<ref name="pendon">{{Wp/hil/Cite news | last =Burgos | first =Nestor P. Jr. | title =Ilonggos feast on biggest bowl of La Paz batchoy | publisher =The News Today Online Edition | date = January 23, 2009 |url =http://www.thenewstoday.info/2009/01/23/ilonggos.feast.on.biggest.bowl.of.la.paz.batchoy.html | access-date = August 5, 2009}}</ref> * Gin-abrihan naman ni Teodorico "Ted" Lepura ang iya una nga tindahan sang batchoy, ang Ted's Oldtimer Lapaz Batchoy, sa Publiko nga Merkado sang La Paz sadtong 1945. Sa pagdumala ni Lepura, sang iya asawa, kag sang ila mga kabataan, ginbaligya sang tindahan ang ginasiling nila nga orihinal nga La Paz batchoy nga sadto nga tion nagabili lang sang 20 sentimos kada yahong. Sadtong dekada 1930, sang pamatan-on pa sia, natun-an ni Lepura ang ulong-ulo(?) sang paghimo sang La Paz batchoy samtang nagatrabaho sa isa ka negosyante nga Intsik, kag sang ulihi naghimo sya sang iya kaugalingon nga bersyon sang sini nga pagkaon.<ref name="caligan" /> * Suno naman sa iban, ang ini nga pagkaon naghalin gid sa komunidad sang mga Intsik sa La Paz,<ref name="caligan" /> tungod ang gintunaan sang ngalan nga "batchoy" dako ang posibilidad nga halin sa Hokkien nga Intsik: 肉碎; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bah-chhùi; nga ang buot sabton 'gin-it-git nga karne'<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite book|title=Chinese elements in the Tagalog language: with some indication of Chinese influence on other Philippine languages and cultures and an excursion into Austronesian linguistics|last=Manuel|first=E. Arsenio|publisher=Filipiniana Publications|year=1948|location=Manila|pages=15|url=https://www.google.com.ph/books/edition/Chinese_Elements_in_the_Tagalog_Language/dJFkAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover&bsq=Batsoy&pg=PA15}}</ref> ukon Hokkien nga Intsik: 肉水; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bah chúi; nga ang buot sabton 'tubig sang karne'.<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite journal|url=http://www.sealang.net/archives/pl/pdf/PL-B71.pdf#page=145|title=Hokkien Chinese borrowings in Tagalog|last=Chan-Yap|first=Gloria|journal=Pacific Linguistics|issue=71|volume=B|pages=137|year=1980|location=Canberra, A.C.T. 2600.|publisher=The Australian National University}}</ref> == Paghanda== Ang mga panakot sang La Paz batchoy mahimo nagalakip sang kasudlan sang baboy (atay, liplip, bato-bato, kag kasingkasing), gindugmo nga chicharon, lomo sang baka, sabaw sang pasayan, kag mabilog nga itlog nga noodles (miki) nga ginalaha upod ang sabaw nga ginatakal sa yahong, kag ginasabwagan sa ibabaw sang sibuyas dahon, chicharon, kag kon kaisa nilaga nga itlog.<ref name="pinoyrecipe.net">{{Wp/hil/Cite web |title=La Paz Batchoy Recipe |url=https://www.pinoyrecipe.net/la-paz-batchoy-recipe/ |website=Pinoy Recipe At Iba Pa |access-date=December 22, 2018}}</ref> == Mga Sari sa kada Rehiyon == Ang probinsya sang [[Wp/hil/Quezon|Quezon]] may kaugalingon nga bersyon sang ''batsoy Tagalog'', nga kilala man sa tawag nga bombay ukon bumbay. Gindala ini nga ngalan tungod ang hitsura sang binalutan nga ginit sang saging(?) daw pareho sa turban nga ginasuksok sang mga Sikh. Ini nga pagkaon ginalakipan sang pino nga ginhiwa nga kasudlan sang baboy nga ginputos sa ginit(?) sang saging kag ginalaga sa tubig. Ginahanda ini nga dala ang sabaw nga ginalahaan sini.<ref name="bumbay_biyahenidrew"> {{Wp/hil/Cite episode |title = Flavors of Quezon |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaD32_kjhMo&t=940s |access-date = December 28, 2022 |series = Biyahe ni Drew |series-link = Biyahe ni Drew |first = Drew |last = Arellano |network = [[Wp/hil/GMA Network|GMA Network]] |date = February 28, 2020 |time = 15:40 |quote = |language = Filipino }}</ref> <ref name="fenix">{{Wp/hil/Cite news |newspaper = Philippine Daily Inquirer |url = https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/118685/bombay-pirihil-sinantomas-pasag-oy-quezons-cuisine-is-a-wonder/ |last = Fenix |first = Micky |title = 'Bombay,' 'pirihil,' 'sinantomas,' 'pasag-oy'–Quezon's cuisine is a wonder |date = August 8, 2013 |access-date = December 28, 2022 |language = English |quote = Bombay, the soup similar to the Tagalog batchoy where the main ingredients are cooked in a banana leaf pouch that resembles an Indian turban (hence the dish’s name).}}</ref> <ref name="gonzales">{{Wp/hil/Cite news |newspaper = Manila Bulletin |url = https://ph.news.yahoo.com/cooking-quezon-000506284.html |last = Gonzales |first = Gene |title = The cooking of Quezon |date = October 31, 2013 |access-date = December 28, 2022 |language = English |quote = Bombay which is a soup with banana leaf parcels filled with chopped pork lungs}}</ref> == Batchoy Festival == Ang Batchoy Festival isa ka tuigan nga kapiestahan sang pagkaon nga ginahiwat subong kabahin sang mas pungsodnon nga [[Wp/hil/Dinagyang|Dinagyang Festival]] sa Dakbanwa sang Iloilo.<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite web |title=Batchoy conversation with Karen Davila |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/01/26/batchoy-conversation-with-karen-davila/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Manila Bulletin |language=en}}</ref> Una ini nga ginhiwat sadtong 2020,<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite web |date=2020-01-22 |title=Iloilo holds first Batchoy Festival - Iloilo Metropolitan Times |url=https://www.imtnews.ph/iloilo-holds-first-batchoy-festival/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=www.imtnews.ph |language=en-US}}</ref> kag nagabida sang isa ka mainabyanon nga paindis-indis sa tunga sang mga tagakaon kag mga negosyante agod mahibaluan kon sin-o ang may pinakanamit nga batchoy.<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite web |last=Tayona |first=Glenda |date=2023-01-21 |title=Batchoy Festival: Reconnecting with the City of Love |url=https://www.panaynews.net/batchoy-festival-reconnecting-with-the-city-of-love/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Panay News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ang ini nga okasyon nahimo sa tunga sang SM City Iloilo kag sang Department of Tourism (DOT), kag ginahiwat subong man ginapasanyog upod sa Grand Iloilo Food Festival sa SM City Iloilo Southpoint kada bulan sang Enero.<ref>{{Wp/hil/Cite web |last=Digital |first=Sun Star Davao |date=2024-01-30 |title=Experience Dinagyang at the heartbeat of festivities |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/lifestyle/experience-dinagyang-at-the-heartbeat-of-festivities-2 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=SunStar Publishing Inc. |language=en}}</ref> == Tan-awa man == * [[Wp/hil/Merkado sang La Paz|Merkado sang La Paz]] == Ginkuhaan == {{Wp/hil/Reflist}} [[Category:Wp/hil]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4868733}} 6nyjha7eau85iq2opgwfnoswj2q9pbd 0 3771690 7240611 7185870 2026-07-06T03:07:20Z Retkhaberi 2609544 /* ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် */ 7240611 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == သံဖက်ခါ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/θəɴpʰɛʔkʰà/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ယနိမှစပြီးကေ ရွီတွက်ကေ တတိယ မြောက်ရေ နိ။ "နက်ဖြန်တရက်၊ သံဖက်တခြား၊ ဖီးနိကျော်ကေ" (ပန်း)။ "ခါ နက်ဖြန်နှင့်၊ သံဖက်လွဲကေ၊ ဖီးနိရက်မှာ" (ကော်) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === the day after tomorrow === ဗမာ === ယနေ့မှစ၍ ရေတွက်သော် တတိယ မြောက်သော နေ့။ "နက်ဖြန်တရက်၊ သံဖက်တခြား၊ ဖီးနိကျော်ကေ" (ပန်း)။ "ခါ နက်ဖြန်နှင့်၊ သံဖက်လွဲကေ၊ ဖီးနိရက်မှာ" (ကော်) == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 7ip68o804qaew7qqd6xwlqe0gl3hoti 828 3776119 7240184 7236518 2026-07-05T13:35:07Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240184 Scribunto text/plain local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/rki/string utilities") local cp = m_str_utils.codepoint local decode_entities = m_str_utils.decode_entities local encode_entities = m_str_utils.encode_entities local floor = math.floor local gcodepoint = m_str_utils.gcodepoint local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD local u = m_str_utils.char local ulen = m_str_utils.len local m_unicode = require("Module:Wt/rki/Unicode data") local char_to_script = require("Module:Wt/rki/scripts").charToScript local export = {} local dingbat_scripts = { ["Zsym"] = true; ["Zmth"] = true; ["Zyyy"] = true; } local function page_exists(title) local ok, title_obj = pcall(mw.title.new, title) if ok and title_obj then local ok, exists = pcall(function() return title_obj.exists end) return ok and exists else return false end end function export.exotic_symbol_warning(frame) local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.exists then return "" end if ulen(title.fullText) ~= 1 then return "" end local codepoint = cp(title.fullText) local script_code = char_to_script(codepoint) if dingbat_scripts[script_code] then return frame:expandTemplate { title = "editnotice-exotic symbols" } end return "" end local function get_codepoint(codepoint, param_name) codepoint = tonumber(codepoint) or decode_entities(codepoint) if type(codepoint) == "string" and ulen(codepoint) == 1 then codepoint = cp(codepoint) elseif type(codepoint) ~= "number" then error("Unrecognised string given for the " .. param_name .. " parameter") end return codepoint end function export._show(args, parent_title) local codepoint = args.codepoint local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local pagename = args.pagename or mw.loadData("Module:Wt/rki/headword/data").pagename local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText if codepoint then codepoint = get_codepoint(codepoint, "codepoint") else if not args.pagename and title.fullText == parent_title then codepoint = 0xfffd elseif ulen(pagename) == 1 then codepoint = cp(pagename) else error("Page title is not a single Unicode character") end end local image, image_emoji if args.image == "-" then image = nil image_emoji = nil else image = args.image or m_unicode.lookup_image(codepoint) image_emoji = args.image_emoji or m_unicode.lookup_image_emoji(codepoint) end local table_markup = {} table.insert(table_markup, '{| class="wikitable floatright character-info" style="width:25em;"\n') if image or image_emoji then local category = "[[Category:Wt/rki/ပုံတိပါဝင်ရေ စာအက္ခရာ အကွက်တိ|*" .. string.format("%010d", codepoint) .. "]]" if image and not image:match("\127") then -- <hiero> tags generate these; pass them through if image:match("^%[?%[?[Ff]ile:") or image:match("^%[?%[?[Ii]mage:") then image = image:gsub("^%[%[", ""):gsub("^[Ff]ile:", ""):gsub("^[Ii]mage:", ""):gsub("|.*", ""):gsub("]]", "") end image = "[[File:" .. image .. "|120x140px|class=skin-invert-image]]" if namespace == "" then image = image .. category end end if image_emoji then if image then table.insert(table_markup, '|-\n! Text style !! Emoji style\n') end if image_emoji:match("^%[?%[?[Ff]ile:") or image_emoji:match("^%[?%[?[Ii]mage:") then image_emoji = image_emoji:gsub("^%[%[", ""):gsub("^[Ff]ile:", ""):gsub("^[Ii]mage:", ""):gsub("|.*", ""):gsub("]]", "") end image_emoji = "[[File:" .. image_emoji .. "|120x140px]]" if namespace == "" and not image then image_emoji = image_emoji .. category end if image then table.insert(table_markup, ('|-\n| style="text-align: center; width: 50%s;" | %s || style="text-align: center; width: 50%s;" | %s\n'):format( '%', image, '%', image_emoji ) ) else table.insert(table_markup, ('|-\n| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | %s\n'):format( image_emoji ) ) end else table.insert(table_markup, ('|-\n| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | %s<br/>%s\n'):format( image, args.caption or "" ) ) end end local show_different_styles_if_no_emoji_image = false -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_emojis -- Basic Latin (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Latin_(Unicode_block)#Variants) if codepoint == 35 or codepoint == 42 or (codepoint > 47 and codepoint < 58) -- Latin-1 Supplement or codepoint == 169 or codepoint == 174 -- General Punctuation or codepoint == 8252 or codepoint == 8265 -- Letterlike Symbols or codepoint == 8482 or codepoint == 8505 -- Arrows or (codepoint > 8595 and codepoint < 8602) or codepoint == 8617 or codepoint == 8618 -- Miscellaneous Technical or codepoint == 8986 or codepoint == 8987 or codepoint == 9000 or codepoint == 9167 or (codepoint > 9192 and codepoint < 9204) or (codepoint > 9207 and codepoint < 9211) -- Enclosed Alphanumerics or codepoint == 9410 -- Geometric Shapes or codepoint == 9642 or codepoint == 9643 or codepoint == 9654 or codepoint == 9664 or (codepoint > 9722 and codepoint < 9727) -- Miscellaneous Symbols or (codepoint > 9727 and codepoint < 9733) or codepoint == 9742 or codepoint == 9745 or codepoint == 9748 or codepoint == 9749 or codepoint == 9752 or codepoint == 9757 or codepoint == 9760 or codepoint == 9762 or codepoint == 9763 or codepoint == 9766 or codepoint == 9770 or codepoint == 9774 or codepoint == 9775 or (codepoint > 9783 and codepoint < 9787) or codepoint == 9792 or codepoint == 9794 or (codepoint > 9799 and codepoint < 9812) or codepoint == 9823 or codepoint == 9824 or codepoint == 9827 or codepoint == 9829 or codepoint == 9830 or codepoint == 9832 or codepoint == 9851 or codepoint == 9854 or codepoint == 9855 or (codepoint > 9873 and codepoint < 9880) or codepoint == 9881 or codepoint == 9883 or codepoint == 9884 or codepoint == 9888 or codepoint == 9889 or codepoint == 9895 or codepoint == 9898 or codepoint == 9899 or codepoint == 9904 or codepoint == 9905 or codepoint == 9917 or codepoint == 9918 or codepoint == 9924 or codepoint == 9925 or codepoint == 9928 or codepoint == 9934 or codepoint == 9935 or codepoint == 9937 or codepoint == 9939 or codepoint == 9940 or codepoint == 9961 or codepoint == 9962 or (codepoint > 9967 and codepoint < 9974) or (codepoint > 9974 and codepoint < 9979) or codepoint == 9981 -- Dingbats or codepoint == 9986 or codepoint == 9989 or (codepoint > 9991 and codepoint < 9998) or codepoint == 9999 or codepoint == 10002 or codepoint == 10004 or codepoint == 10006 or codepoint == 10013 or codepoint == 10017 or codepoint == 10024 or codepoint == 10035 or codepoint == 10036 or codepoint == 10052 or codepoint == 10055 or codepoint == 10060 or codepoint == 10062 or (codepoint > 10066 and codepoint < 10070) or codepoint == 10071 or codepoint == 10083 or codepoint == 10084 or (codepoint > 10132 and codepoint < 10136) or codepoint == 10145 or codepoint == 10160 or codepoint == 10175 -- Supplemental Arrows-B or codepoint == 10548 or codepoint == 10549 -- Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows or (codepoint > 11012 and codepoint < 11016) or codepoint == 11035 or codepoint == 11036 or codepoint == 11088 or codepoint == 11093 -- CJK Symbols and Punctuation or codepoint == 12336 or codepoint == 12349 -- Enclosed CJK Letters and Months or codepoint == 12951 or codepoint == 12953 -- Mahjong Tiles or codepoint == 126980 -- Playing Cards or codepoint == 127183 -- Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement or codepoint == 127344 or codepoint == 127345 or codepoint == 127358 or codepoint == 127359 or codepoint == 127374 or (codepoint > 127376 and codepoint < 127387) -- Enclosed Ideographic Supplement or codepoint == 127489 or codepoint == 127490 or codepoint == 127514 or codepoint == 127535 or (codepoint > 127537 and codepoint < 127547) or codepoint == 127568 or codepoint == 127569 -- Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs or (codepoint > 127743 and codepoint < 127778) or (codepoint > 127779 and codepoint < 127892) or codepoint == 127894 or codepoint == 127895 or (codepoint > 127896 and codepoint < 127900) or (codepoint > 127901 and codepoint < 127985) or (codepoint > 127986 and codepoint < 127990) or (codepoint > 127990 and codepoint < 128254) or (codepoint > 128254 and codepoint < 128318) or (codepoint > 128328 and codepoint < 128335) or (codepoint > 128335 and codepoint < 128360) or codepoint == 128367 or codepoint == 128368 or (codepoint > 128370 and codepoint < 128379) or codepoint == 128391 or (codepoint > 128393 and codepoint < 128398) or codepoint == 128400 or codepoint == 128405 or codepoint == 128406 or codepoint == 128420 or codepoint == 128421 or codepoint == 128424 or codepoint == 128433 or codepoint == 128434 or codepoint == 128444 or (codepoint > 128449 and codepoint < 128453) or (codepoint > 128464 and codepoint < 128468) or (codepoint > 128475 and codepoint < 128479) or codepoint == 128481 or codepoint == 128483 or codepoint == 128488 or codepoint == 128495 or codepoint == 128499 or (codepoint > 128505 and codepoint < 128512) -- Emoticons or (codepoint > 128511 and codepoint < 128592) -- Transport and Map Symbols or (codepoint > 128639 and codepoint < 128710) or (codepoint > 128714 and codepoint < 128723) or (codepoint > 128724 and codepoint < 128732) or (codepoint > 128731 and codepoint < 128742) or codepoint == 128745 or codepoint == 128747 or codepoint == 128748 or codepoint == 128752 or (codepoint > 128754 and codepoint < 128765) -- Geometric Shapes Extended or (codepoint > 128991 and codepoint < 129004) or codepoint == 129008 -- Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs or (codepoint > 129291 and codepoint < 129339) or (codepoint > 129339 and codepoint < 129350) or (codepoint > 129350 and codepoint < 129536) -- Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A or (codepoint > 129647 and codepoint < 129661) or (codepoint > 129663 and codepoint < 129673) or (codepoint > 129679 and codepoint < 129726) or (codepoint > 129726 and codepoint < 129734) or (codepoint > 129741 and codepoint < 129756) or (codepoint > 129759 and codepoint < 129769) or (codepoint > 129775 and codepoint < 129785) then show_different_styles_if_no_emoji_image = true end if show_different_styles_if_no_emoji_image and not (image and image_emoji) then table.insert(table_markup, '|-\n! Text style !! Emoji style\n') end if show_different_styles_if_no_emoji_image or image_emoji or m_unicode.lookup_image_emoji(codepoint) then table.insert(table_markup, ('|- style="font-size: 250%; text-align: center; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);"\n| style="padding: 0;" | ' .. u(codepoint) .. '&#xFE0E; || style="padding: 0;" | ' .. u(codepoint) .. '&#xFE0F;\n|- style="font-size: 80%;"\n| colspan="2" | Text style is [[variation selector|forced with]] ⟨&amp;#xFE0E;⟩ and emoji style with ⟨&amp;#xFE0F;⟩.\n') ) end if args.caption and (image_emoji or (not image and not image_emoji)) then table.insert(table_markup, ('|-\n| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | %s\n'):format( args.caption ) ) end local sc = args.sc or require("Module:Wt/rki/scripts").getByCode(char_to_script(codepoint)) local NAMESPACE, cat_name = title.namespace if not args.nocat and ((NAMESPACE == 0) or (NAMESPACE == 100)) then local scriptName = sc:getCategoryName() if sc:getCode() == "Mymr" then scriptName = "ရခိုင်" end cat_name = scriptName .. " အက္ခရာတိ" end local block_name = encode_entities(args.block or m_unicode.lookup_block(codepoint)) local aliases if args.aliases == "-" then aliases = nil else aliases = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/rki/Unicode data/aliases")[codepoint] end local function parse_aliases(aliases) local result = {} if aliases then local classif = {} for i, alias in ipairs(aliases) do if not classif[alias[1]] then classif[alias[1]] = {} end table.insert(classif[alias[1]], encode_entities(alias[2])) end if classif.correction then for i, name in ipairs(classif.correction) do local category = "[[Category:Wt/rki/Character boxes with corrected names]]" if namespace == "" then table.insert(result, ("[[Category:Wt/rki/Character boxes with corrected names]]Corrected: %s"):format( name ) ) else table.insert(result, ("Corrected: %s"):format( name ) ) end end end if classif.alternate then for i, name in ipairs(classif.alternate) do local category = "[[Category:Wt/rki/Character boxes with alternative names]]" if namespace == "" then table.insert(result, ("[[Category:Wt/rki/Character boxes with alternative names]]Alternative: %s"):format( name ) ) else table.insert(result, ("Alternative: %s"):format( name ) ) end end end if classif.abbreviation then local category = "[[Category:Wt/rki/Character boxes with abbreviations]]" if namespace == "" then table.insert(result, ("[[Category:Wt/rki/Character boxes with abbreviations]]Abbreviation: %s"):format( table.concat(classif.abbreviation, ", ") ) ) else table.insert(result, ("Abbreviation: %s"):format( table.concat(classif.abbreviation, ", ") ) ) end end local parsed_result = table.concat(result, ", ") return "<div>(" .. parsed_result .. ")</div>" end return "" end local li, vi, ti = nil, nil, nil if block_name == "Hangul Syllables" then local index = codepoint - 0xAC00 li, vi, ti = floor(index / 588), floor((index % 588) / 28), index % 28 end local initial_to_letter = { [0] = 0x3131, 0x3132, 0x3134, 0x3137, 0x3138, 0x3139, 0x3141, 0x3142, 0x3143, 0x3145, 0x3146, 0x3147, 0x3148, 0x3149, 0x314A, 0x314B, 0x314C, 0x314D, 0x314E, } local vowel_to_letter = { [0] = 0x314F, 0x3150, 0x3151, 0x3152, 0x3153, 0x3154, 0x3155, 0x3156, 0x3157, 0x3158, 0x3159, 0x315A, 0x315B, 0x315C, 0x315D, 0x315E, 0x315F, 0x3160, 0x3161, 0x3162, 0x3163, } local final_to_letter = { 0x3131, 0x3132, 0x3133, 0x3134, 0x3135, 0x3136, 0x3137, 0x3139, 0x313A, 0x313B, 0x313C, 0x313D, 0x313E, 0x313F, 0x3140, 0x3141, 0x3142, 0x3144, 0x3145, 0x3146, 0x3147, 0x3148, 0x314A, 0x314B, 0x314C, 0x314D, 0x314E, } local function parse_composition() local result = nil if block_name == "Hangul Syllables" then result = ((ti ~= 0) and '<big class="Kore" lang="">[[&#%u;]] + [[&#%u;]] + [[&#%u;]]</big>' or '<big class="Kore" lang="">[[&#%u;]] + [[&#%u;]]</big>'):format( initial_to_letter[li], vowel_to_letter[vi], final_to_letter[ti] ) else local nfd = toNFD(u(codepoint)) if ulen(nfd) ~= 1 then local compo = {} for nfdcp in gcodepoint(nfd) do local dotted_circle = (m_unicode.is_combining(nfdcp) and "◌" or "") local link_target = m_unicode.get_entry_title(nfdcp) if not link_target or not page_exists(link_target) then link_target = nil end local script = char_to_script(nfdcp) local character_text = link_target and ('[[%s|<span class="%s">%s&#%u;</span> &#91;U+%04X&#93;]]') :format(link_target, script, dotted_circle, nfdcp, nfdcp) or ('<span class="%s">%s&#%u;</span> &#91;U+%04X&#93;') :format(script, dotted_circle, nfdcp, nfdcp) table.insert(compo, '<span class="character-sample-secondary">' .. character_text .. "</span> ") end result = table.concat(compo, " + ") end end if result then return "Composition", result, "[[Category:Wt/rki/Character boxes with compositions]]" end return nil end -- [[ Egyptian Hieroglyphs local function parse_gardiner() if args.gardiner then local result = ( "[http://vincent.euverte.free.fr/Rosette/Rosette_410.php?Hiero=%s&Lang=E %s]\n"):format( args.gardiner, args.gardiner ) return "Gardiner number", result, "[[Category:Wt/rki/Character boxes with additional information for Egyptian Hieroglyphs]]" end return nil end local function parse_mdc() if args.mdc then return "Manuel de Codage", args.mdc, "[[Category:Wt/rki/Character boxes with additional information for Egyptian Hieroglyphs]]" end return nil end local function parse_egpz() if args.egpz then return "EGPZ 1.0", args.egpz, "[[Category:Wt/rki/Character boxes with additional information for Egyptian Hieroglyphs]]" end return nil end -- ]] local function middle_part() local rows = {} local function insert_row(row_title, row_contents, row_category) if row_contents then table.insert(rows, ('<tr><td style="text-align: left">%s:</td><td>%s%s</td></tr>'):format(row_title, row_contents, row_category)) end end insert_row(parse_composition()) insert_row(parse_gardiner()) insert_row(parse_egpz()) insert_row(parse_mdc()) if rows[1] then return ('<table style="margin: 0 auto;">%s</table>') :format(table.concat(rows, "")) end return "" end local function present_codepoint(codepoint, np, script, combining, name, printable, title) local display local link_target if combining == nil then combining = m_unicode.is_combining(codepoint) end if printable == nil then printable = m_unicode.is_printable(codepoint) end local char = u(codepoint) if title == "self" or page_exists(char) then link_target = char elseif title ~= "-" then link_target = m_unicode.get_entry_title(codepoint) end if printable then display = ('<span class="character-sample-secondary %s">%s&#x%04X;</span>'):format( script and script:getCode() or char_to_script(codepoint), combining and "◌" or "", codepoint ) end local arrow_and_maybe_char if np then arrow_and_maybe_char = (display or "") .. " →" else arrow_and_maybe_char = "← " .. (display or "") end local text = ('<span title="%s">%s<br><small>[U+%04X]</small></span>') :format(encode_entities(name or m_unicode.lookup_name(codepoint)), arrow_and_maybe_char, codepoint) if link_target then return ("[[" .. link_target .. "|" .. text .. "]]") else return text end end local function get_next(codepoint, step) -- Skip past noncharacters and reserved characters (Cn), private-use -- characters (Co), surrogates (Cs), and control characters (Cc), all -- of which have a label beginning in "<" rather than a proper name. if step < 0 and 0 < codepoint or step > 0 and codepoint < 0x10FFFF then repeat codepoint = codepoint + step until m_unicode.lookup_name(codepoint):sub(1, 1) ~= "<" or not (0 < codepoint and codepoint < 0x10FFFF) end return codepoint end local previous_codepoint = args.previous_codepoint and get_codepoint(args.previous_codepoint, "previous_codepoint") or get_next(codepoint, -1) local next_codepoint = args.next_codepoint and get_codepoint(args.next_codepoint, "next_codepoint") or get_next(codepoint, 1) local combining = args.combining if combining == nil then combining = m_unicode.is_combining(codepoint) end table.insert(table_markup, '|-\n| style="width: 70px;" colspan="2" | ' .. "<table>" .. "<tr>" .. "<td>" .. ('<span class="character-sample-primary %s">%s&#%u;</span>') :format(sc:getCode(), combining and "◌" or "", codepoint) .. "</td>" .. "<td>" .. (" [https://util.unicode.org/UnicodeJsps/character.jsp?a=%.4X U+%.4X]"):format(codepoint, codepoint) .. ", [[w:List of XML and HTML character entity references|&amp;#" .. codepoint .. ";]]\n" .. '<div class="character-sample-name">' .. encode_entities(args.name or m_unicode.lookup_name(codepoint)) .. "</div>" .. parse_aliases(aliases) .. "</td>" .. "</tr>" .. "</table>" ) table.insert(table_markup, middle_part() ) local previous_unassigned_first = previous_codepoint + 1 local previous_unassigned_last = codepoint - 1 local next_unassigned_first = codepoint + 1 local next_unassigned_last = next_codepoint - 1 local left_unassigned_text local right_unassigned_text if previous_codepoint == 0 then previous_unassigned_first = 0 end if previous_unassigned_first <= previous_unassigned_last or next_unassigned_first <= next_unassigned_last then if previous_unassigned_first < previous_unassigned_last then left_unassigned_text = ("[unassigned: U+%.4X–U+%.4X]"):format(previous_unassigned_first, previous_unassigned_last) elseif previous_unassigned_first == previous_unassigned_last then left_unassigned_text = ("[unassigned: U+%.4X]"):format(previous_unassigned_first) end if next_unassigned_first < next_unassigned_last then right_unassigned_text = ("[unassigned: U+%.4X–U+%.4X]"):format(next_unassigned_first, next_unassigned_last) elseif next_unassigned_first == next_unassigned_last then right_unassigned_text = ("[unassigned: U+%.4X]"):format(next_unassigned_first) end end local unassignedsRow = mw.html.create("table"):css("width", "100%"):css("font-size", "80%"):css("white-space", "nowrap") :tag("tr") :tag("td"):css("width", "50%"):css("text-align", "left"):wikitext(left_unassigned_text or ""):done() :tag("td"):css("width", "50%"):css("text-align", "right"):wikitext(right_unassigned_text or ""):done() :allDone() table.insert(table_markup, tostring(unassignedsRow) .."\n") local previous_codepoint_text = "" local next_codepoint_text = ("%s\n") :format(present_codepoint(next_codepoint, true, args.next_codepoint_sc, args.next_codepoint_combining, args.next_codepoint_name, args.next_codepoint_printable, args.next_codepoint_title)) if previous_codepoint > 0 then previous_codepoint_text = ("%s\n") :format(present_codepoint(previous_codepoint, false, args.previous_codepoint_sc, args.previous_codepoint_combining, args.previous_codepoint_name, args.previous_codepoint_printable, args.previous_codepoint_title)) end local block_name_text = ("[[Wt/rki/နောက်ဆက်တွဲ:ယူနီကုဒ်/ရခိုင်|ရခိုင်]]") :format(block_name, block_name) if namespace == "" then block_name_text = block_name_text .. ("[[Category:Wt/rki/%s စာလုံးနီရာ|*%010d]]\n") :format(block_name, codepoint) else block_name_text = block_name_text .. "\n" end local lastRow = mw.html.create("table"):css("width", "100%"):css("text-align", "center") :tag("tr") :tag("td"):css("width", "20%"):wikitext(previous_codepoint_text):done() -- :tag("td"):css("width", "15%") -- :tag("span"):wikitext(left_unassigned_text and "'''...'''" or ""):attr("title", left_unassigned_text or ""):done():done() :tag("td"):css("width", "60%"):css("font-size", "110%"):css("font-weight", "bold"):wikitext(block_name_text) -- :tag("td"):css("width", "15%") -- :tag("span"):wikitext(right_unassigned_text and "'''...'''" or ""):attr("title", right_unassigned_text or ""):done():done() :tag("td"):css("width", "20%"):wikitext(next_codepoint_text):done() :allDone() table.insert(table_markup, tostring(lastRow) .."\n") table.insert(table_markup, "|}") if cat_name and namespace == "" then table.insert(table_markup, "[[Category:Wt/rki/" .. cat_name .. "| " .. u(codepoint) .. "]]") end table.insert(table_markup, require("Module:Wt/rki/TemplateStyles")("Template:Wt/rki/character info/style.css")) return table.concat(table_markup) end function export.show(frame) local params = { [1] = {alias_of = "codepoint"}, ["codepoint"] = {}, ["previous_codepoint"] = {}, ["next_codepoint"] = {}, ["name"] = {}, ["previous_codepoint_name"] = {}, ["next_codepoint_name"] = {}, ["combining"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["previous_codepoint_combining"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["next_codepoint_combining"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["printable"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["previous_codepoint_printable"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["next_codepoint_printable"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["previous_codepoint_title"] = {}, ["next_codepoint_title"] = {}, ["sc"] = {type = "script"}, ["next_codepoint_sc"] = {type = "script"}, ["previous_codepoint_sc"] = {type = "script"}, ["caption"] = {}, ["aliases"] = {}, ["image"] = {}, ["block"] = {}, ["gardiner"] = {}, ["mdc"] = {}, ["egpz"] = {}, ["nocat"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["pagename"] = {}, -- for testing etc. } local parent_frame = frame:getParent() local args = require("Module:Wt/rki/parameters").process(parent_frame.args, params) return export._show(args, parent_frame:getTitle()) end return export b8mcuqr74jlbi2jfiug6wdi7qt56ih8 828 3776127 7240183 7196372 2026-07-05T13:32:17Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240183 Scribunto text/plain -- General data used by [[Module:Wt/rki/Unicode data]]. local export = {} export.planes = { [ 0] = "Basic Multilingual Plane"; [ 1] = "Supplementary Multilingual Plane"; [ 2] = "Supplementary Ideographic Plane"; [ 3] = "Tertiary Ideographic Plane"; [14] = "Supplementary Special-purpose Plane"; [15] = "Supplementary Private Use Area-A"; [16] = "Supplementary Private Use Area-B"; } export.unsupported_title = { [0x0020] = "Unsupported titles/Space"; [0x0023] = "Unsupported titles/Number sign"; [0x002E] = "Unsupported titles/Full stop"; [0x003A] = "Unsupported titles/Colon"; [0x003C] = "Unsupported titles/Less than"; [0x003E] = "Unsupported titles/Greater than"; [0x005B] = "Unsupported titles/Left square bracket"; [0x005D] = "Unsupported titles/Right square bracket"; [0x005F] = "Unsupported titles/Low line"; [0x007B] = "Unsupported titles/Left curly bracket"; [0x007C] = "Unsupported titles/Vertical line"; [0x007D] = "Unsupported titles/Right curly bracket"; [0x1680] = "Unsupported titles/Ogham space"; [0xFFFD] = "Unsupported titles/Replacement character"; } return export skvw6kjcwjs1cbw216gph8yuijthbb4 828 3776156 7240181 7196412 2026-07-05T13:29:25Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240181 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local PAGENAME = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text local function getCasing(char, variant) if not variant then variant = "common" end local casing = require("Module:Wt/rki/mul-letter/data")[variant][char] if not casing then if mw.ustring.len(char) > 1 then casing = {mw.ustring.lower(char), mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(char, 1, 1)) .. mw.ustring.lower(mw.ustring.sub(char, 2, -1)), mw.ustring.upper(char)} else casing = {mw.ustring.lower(char), mw.ustring.upper(char), mw.ustring.upper(char)} end end return casing end function export.show(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local head = args["head"] or PAGENAME local lang = require("Module:Wt/rki/languages").getByCode("mul") local scriptCode = args["sc"] or args["script"] or require("Module:Wt/rki/scripts").findBestScriptWithoutLang(head):getCode() local script = scriptCode and require("Module:Wt/rki/scripts").getByCode(scriptCode) or lang:findBestScript(head) local variant = args["var"] if args.script then require("Module:Wt/rki/debug").track("mul-letter/script-param") end local data = { lang = lang, sc = script, pos_category = "စာလုံးတိ", categories = {}, heads = {head}, no_redundant_head_cat = not args.head, inflections = {} } local casing = getCasing(head, variant) if casing[1] ~= head then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "lower case", casing[1]}) end if casing[2] ~= head and casing[2] ~= casing[3] then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "mixed case", casing[2]}) end if casing[3] ~= head then table.insert(data.inflections, {label = "upper case", casing[3]}) end return require("Module:Wt/rki/headword").full_headword(data) .. require("Module:Wt/rki/utilities").format_categories({ script:getCategoryName() .. " အက္ခရာတိ", }, lang) end return export av89rt16gevmg1kw8ol5qu640zjijjy 0 3777344 7240379 7236270 2026-07-05T17:28:04Z Gwazali Dominic 2687146 /* Articles for creation */ 7240379 wikitext text/x-wiki This page was created for the Kambari Wikipedia Outreach 2026 event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Kambari_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Kambari (Tsishingini) equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Kambari Category (Wp/tsw) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "'''not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Kambari (Tsishingini) you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Kambari (Tsishingini). To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Kambari (Tsishingini) text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! English Wikipedia !! Kambari Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:Kambari languages|Kambari languages]] || [[Wp/tsw/Elentsu a̱ Tsishingini|Elentsu a̱ Tsishingini]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:50, 12 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Shingini language|Shingini language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsishingini|Tsishingini]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:UTSURU BAWA|UTSURU BAWA]] ([[User talk:UTSURU BAWA|talk]]) 13:10, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Shingini language|Shingini language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsishingini/Cishingini|Tsishingini]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Ga,anlolo magaji|Ga,anlolo magaji]] ([[User talk:Ga,anlolo magaji|talk]]) 14:14, 13 June 2026 (UTppppC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Shingini language|Shingini people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱shingini|A̱shingini]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 16:26, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Shingini language|Shingini people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱shingini/Cishingini|A̱shingini]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 09:56, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kimba language|Kimba language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsikimba|Tsikimba]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Shilenkani|Shilenkani]] ([[User talk:Shilenkani|talk]]) 11:01, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kimba language|Kimba language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsikimba/Cishingini|Tsikimba]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:MATTHEW Angela|MATTHEW Angela]] ([[User talk:MATTHEW Angela|talk]]) 18:41, 12 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kimba language|Kimba people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Akimba|Akimba]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Dorcas Philemon|Dorcas Philemon]] ([[User talk:Dorcas Philemon|talk]]) 19:10, 12 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Vadi language|Vadi language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsuvaɗi|Tsuvaɗi]] (Tsishingini) || [[User:HannyJoe|HannyJoe]] ([[User talk:HannyJoe|talk]]) 19:39, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Vadi language|Vadi language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsuvaɗi/Tsikimba|Tsuvaɗi]] (Tsikimba) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:35, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Vadi language|Vadi people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Avaɗi|Avaɗi]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-34741-36|&#126;2026-34741-36]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-34741-36|talk]]) 12:34, 14 June 2026 (UTC)]] ([[User talk:[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-34741-36|&#126;2026-34741-36]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-34741-36|talk]]) 12:34, 14 June 2026 (UTC)|talk]]) 14:11, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Baangi language|Baangi language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsubaangi|Tsubaangi]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Solinya kana|Solinya kana]] ([[User talk:Solinya kana|talk]]) 09:22, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Baangi language|Baangi people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱za̱baangi|A̱za̱baangi]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Blessing Ayuba|Blessing Ayuba]] ([[User talk:Blessing Ayuba|talk]]) 10:47, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Baangi language|Baangi people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱za̱baangi/Cishingini|A̱za̱baangi]] (Cishingini) || [[User:HannyJoe|HannyJoe]] ([[User talk:HannyJoe|talk]]) 19:17, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Yumu language (Nigeria)|Yumu language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsuyumu|Tsuyumu]] || ''[[User:Chigashi|Chigashi]] ([[User talk:Chigashi|talk]]) 10:10, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Yumu language (Nigeria)|Yumu people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱za̱yumu|A̱za̱yumu]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Yahaya S Yahaya|Yahaya S Yahaya]] ([[User talk:Yahaya S Yahaya|talk]]) 15:26, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Yumu language (Nigeria)|Yumu people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱za̱yumu/Cishingini|A̱za̱yumu]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk:Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 06:33, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Yumu language (Nigeria)|Yumu people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱za̱yumu|A̱za̱yumu]] || ''[[User:Yahaya S Yahaya|Yahaya S Yahaya]] ([[User talk:Yahaya S Yahaya|talk]]) 15:23, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kainji languages|Kainji languages]] || [[Wp/tsw/Elentsu a̱ Ka̱nji|Elentsu a̱ Ka̱nji]] (Tsishingini) || [[User:Shiprah Timothy|Shiprah Timothy]] ([[User talk:Shiprah Timothy|talk]]) 13:11, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Kainji languages|Kainji languages]] || [[Wp/tsw/Elentsu a̱ Ka̱nji/Tsikimba|Elentsu a̱ Ka̱nji]] (Tsikimba) || [[User:Shiprah Timothy|Shiprah Timothy]] ([[User talk:Shiprah Timothy|talk]]) 13:46, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Lela language|Lela language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsuta̱bula̱|Tsuta̱bula̱]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:30, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Lela language|Lela people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Nta̱bula̱|Nta̱bula̱]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:31, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Nupe language|Nupe language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsigidi|Tsigidi]] || ''[[User:Newesula|Newesula]] ([[User talk:Newesula|talk]]) 10:21, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Nupe people|Nupe people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ngidi|Ngidi]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Yohanna Daniel|Yohanna Daniel]] ([[User talk:Yohanna Daniel|talk]]) 14:10, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Nupe people|Nupe people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ngidi/Tsikimba|Ngidi]] (Tsikimba) || ''[[User:Yahaya S Yahaya|Yahaya S Yahaya]] ([[User talk:Yahaya S Yahaya|talk]]) 13:31, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Nupe people|Nupe people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ngidi/Cishingini|Ngidi]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Elisha Ayuba|Elisha Ayuba]] ([[User talk:Elisha Ayuba|talk]]) 14:11, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Gbagyi language|Gbagyi language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsugwari|Tsugwari]] || ''[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-34897-15|&#126;2026-34897-15]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-34897-15|talk]]) 10:02, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Gbagyi people|Gbagyi people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Agwari|Agwari]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:UTSURU BAWA|UTSURU BAWA]] ([[User talk:UTSURU BAWA|talk]]) 14:46, 12 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Gbagyi people|Gbagyi people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Agwari/Cishingini|Agwari]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 07:29, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Hausa language|Hausa language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsugana|Tsugana]] || ''[[User:Shilenkani|Shilenkani]] ([[User talk:Shilenkani|talk]]) 21:49, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Hausa people|Hausa people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Agana|Agana]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 09:47, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Fula language|Fula language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsupunlata|Tsupunlata]] || ''[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 06:34, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Fula people|Fula people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mpunlata|Mpunlata]] || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 13:25, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |-Cisshshshshshshh | [[:w:en:Land|Land]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa|Iɗa]] || ''[[User:Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk:Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 01:16, 17 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- |- | [[:w:en:Niger State|Niger State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Neja|Iɗa ya Neja]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 11:04, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kebbi State|Kebbi State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Kebi|Iɗa ya Kebi]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 21:54, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kebbi State|Kebbi State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Kebi/Tsikimba|Iɗa ya Kebi]] (Tsikimba) || ''[[User:HannyJoe|HannyJoe]] ([[User talk:HannyJoe|talk]]) 09:55, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kwara State|Kwara State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Kwara/Tsikimba|Iɗa ya Kwara]] (Tsikimba) || ''[[User:Yahaya S Yahaya|Yahaya S Yahaya]] ([[User talk:Yahaya S Yahaya|talk]]) 13:10, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)]] || [[Wp/tsw/Aci e Iɓolo yi Iɗa (Najeriya)|Aci e Iɓolo yi Iɗa (Najeriya)]] || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 22:27, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna State|Kaduna State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Kaduna|Iɗa ya Kaduna]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 21:40, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Zamfara State|Zamfara State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Zamfara|Iɗa ya Zamfara]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:31, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Zamfara State|Zamfara State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Zamfara/Cishingini|Iɗa ya Zamfara]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Emmanuel Jagaba|Emmanuel Jagaba]] ([[User talk:Emmanuel Jagaba|talk]]) 13:09, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Zamfara State|Zamfara State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Sokoto/Cishingini|Iɗa ya Sokoto]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Ishaya Ayuba|Ishaya Ayuba]] ([[User talk:Ishaya Ayuba|talk]]) 13:29, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kogi State|Kogi State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Kogi|Iɗa ya Kogi]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Danladi Barnabas Jonah|Danladi Barnabas Jonah]] ([[User talk:Danladi Barnabas Jonah|talk]]) 13:14, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kogi State|Kogi State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Kogi/Tsishingini|Iɗa ya Kogi]] (cishingini) || ''[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 14:19, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Oyo State|Oyo State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Oyo|Iɗa ya Oyo]] (Tsishingini) || ''`[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 08:33, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Oyo State|Oyo State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Oyo/cishingini|Iɗa ya Oyo]] (cishingini) || ''[[User:Michael Musa Dankambari|Michael Musa Dankambari]] ([[User talk:Michael Musa Dankambari|talk]]) 18:15, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Plateau State|Plateau State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Pulato|Iɗa ya Pulato]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:31, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Plateau State|Plateau State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Pulato/Tsikimba|Iɗa ya Pulato]] (Tsikimba) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:29, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Benue State|Benue State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Benuwe|Iɗa ya Benuwe]] || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 01:17, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Katsina State|Katsina State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Katsuna|Iɗa ya Katsuna]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:33, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Edo State|Edo State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Edo|Iɗa ya Edo]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Nanret Bulus|Nanret Bulus]] ([[User talk:Nanret Bulus|talk]]) 13:51, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Edo State|Edo State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Edo/Cishingini|Iɗa ya Edo]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:34, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Enugu State|Enugu State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Enugu|Iɗa ya Enugu]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:29, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Enugu State|Enugu State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗika i Inugu/Cishingini|Iɗika i Inugu]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 15:22, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Human|Human]] || [[Wp/tsw/Vuma|Vuma]] (Tsishingini) || [[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 13:42, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Human|Human]] || [[Wp/tsw/Vuma/Tsikimba|Vuma]] (Tsikimba) || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:28, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Head|Head]] || [[Wp/tsw/Aaci|Aaci]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 07:10, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Hand|Hand]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ukere|Ukere]] || ''[[User:UTSURU BAWA|UTSURU BAWA]] ([[User talk:UTSURU BAWA|talk]]) 17:47, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mouth|Mouth]] || [[Wp/tsw/Una̱|Una̱]] || ''[[User:Rifkay|Rifkay]] ([[User talk:Rifkay|talk]]) 13:48, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Tongue|Tongue]] || [[Wp/tsw/Eelentsu|Eelentsu]] || ''[[User:Danladi Matthew Gode|Danladi Matthew Gode]] ([[User talk:Danladi Matthew Gode|talk]]) 18:40, 12 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Nose|Nose]] || [[Wp/tsw/Vunu|Vunu]] || [[User:Shiprah Timothy|Shiprah Timothy]] ([[User talk:Shiprah Timothy|talk]]) 13:54, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Face|Face]] || [[Wp/tsw/Urewesu|Urewesu]] || ''[[User:UTSURU BAWA|UTSURU BAWA]] ([[User talk:UTSURU BAWA|talk]]) 17:47, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Body|Body]] || [[Wp/tsw/Lipu|Lipu]] || [[User:Adamu Yahaya8808|Adamu Yahaya8808]] ([[User talk:Adamu Yahaya8808|talk]]) 13:56, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Leg|Leg]] || [[Wp/tsw/Anana|Anana]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 11:45, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱sula̱|A̱sula̱]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 21:30, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/tsw/Yesu|Yesu]] (cishingini) || [[User:Shiprah Timothy|Shiprah Timothy]] ([[User talk:Shiprah Timothy|talk]]) 13:19, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ayivuki a singai/Cishingini|Ayivuki a singai]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 05:06, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Satan|Satan]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mekerenkesu|Mekerenkesu]] (Tsishingini) || [[User:HannyJoe|HannyJoe]] ([[User talk:HannyJoe|talk]]) 19:09, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Satan|Satan]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kalijani/Cishingini|Kalijani]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 07:23, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Heaven|Heaven]] || [[Wp/tsw/Zuva|Zuva]] || ''[[User:Danladi Matthew Gode|Danladi Matthew Gode]] ([[User talk:Danladi Matthew Gode|talk]]) 13:47, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Angel|Angel]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kalingata|Kalingata]] (cishingini) || ''[[User: Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk: Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 12:42, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Christianity|Christianity]] || [[Wp/tsw/Itoni|Itoni]] || ''[[User:Zuwesu Happy|Zuwesu Happy]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 12:16, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Islam|Islam]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱ka̱ɗa̱ta̱|A̱ka̱ɗa̱ta̱]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 12:31, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mohammed|Mohammed]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mahama̱du|Mahama̱du]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:25, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] || [[Wp/tsw/Najeriya/Cishingini|Najeriya]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 05:01, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Africa|Africa]] || [[Wp/tsw/Afirika|Afirika]] || ''[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 14:05, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Asia|Asia]] || [[Wp/tsw/Asiya|Asiya]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:33, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Europe|Europe]] || [[Wp/tsw/Yuropa|Yuropa]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:47, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North America|North America]] || [[Wp/tsw/Amerika vu Ugana|Amerika vu Ugana]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:05, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South America|South America]] || [[Wp/tsw/Amerika vu Uyagi|Amerika vu Uyagi]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:46, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Australia|Australia]] || [[Wp/tsw/Asutureliya|Asutureliya]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:02, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Antarctica|Antarctica]] || [[Wp/tsw/Antatika|Antatika]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:06, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook|Brook]] || [[Wp/tsw/Uyene|Uyene]] || ''[[User:MATTHEW Angela|MATTHEW Angela]] ([[User talk:MATTHEW Angela|talk]]) 09:44, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Stream|Stream]] || [[Wp/tsw/Moɗolu|Moɗolu]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 12:48, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:River|River]] || [[Wp/tsw/Uɗolu|Uɗolu]] || ''[[User:UTSURU BAWA|UTSURU BAWA]] ([[User talk:UTSURU BAWA|talk]]) 13:47, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Well|Well]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ooko'o|Ooko'o]] || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 23:19, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Lake|Lake]] || [[Wp/tsw/Uɗolu gbain|Uɗolu gbain]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:23, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/tsw/Abata|Abata]] || ''[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 14:09, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mala|Mala]] || ''[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 14:16, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Ocean|Ocean]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mala ma gbain|Mala ma gbain]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:30, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Book|Book]] || [[Wp/tsw/Aatagada|Aatagada]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 12:24, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ugana|Ugana]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:08, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/tsw/Uyagi|Uyagi]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:09, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/tsw/Asana|Asana]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 20:50, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱livu|A̱livu]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 12:47, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Center|Center]] || [[Wp/tsw/Memere|Memere]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:25, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Desert|Desert]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱tsumona (ma̱bula̱)|A̱tsumona (ma̱bula̱)]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:26, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Sun|Sun]] || [[Wp/tsw/Urana|Urana]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:48, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Moon|Moon]] || [[Wp/tsw/Wotoi|Wotoi]]((cishingini) || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:53, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/tsw/Urana|Urana]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:10, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ayin|Ayin]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:10, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Year|Year]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ka̱ya̱ꞌa̱/Cishingini|Ka̱ya̱ꞌa̱]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 15:35, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Ethnic group|Ethnic group]] || [[Wp/tsw/Elentsu (ama)|Elentsu (ama)]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:18, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dog|Dog]] || [[Wp/tsw/Musan|Musan]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Nanret Bulus|Nanret Bulus]] ([[User talk:Nanret Bulus|talk]]) 13:51, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' ''̃ ̃ ̃ ̃ '' |- | [[:w:en:Scorpion|Scorpion]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ugashi|Ugashi]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 14:55, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- || [[:w:en:Scorpion|Scorpion]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kudyaɓu/Cishingini|Kudyaɓu]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 05:14, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Fish|Fish]] || [[Wp/tsw/Magula|Magula]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:19, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Meat|Meat]] || [[Wp/tsw/Inama|Inama]] || [[User:Rifkay|Rifkay]] ([[User talk:Rifkay|talk]]) 12:43, 14 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Animal|Animal]] || [[Wp/tsw/Nama|Nama]] || ''[[User:Habila Ango|Habila Ango]] ([[User talk:Habila Ango|talk]]) 12:59, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Cat|Cat]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kozoli/Cishingini|Kozoli]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 05:01, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Cattle|Cattle]] || [[Wp/tsw/Nan|Nan]] || ''[[User:Solinya kana|Solinya kana]] ([[User talk:Solinya kana|talk]]) 12:32, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Goat|Goat]] || [[Wp/tsw/Megbele|Megbele]] || ''[[User:Shilenkani|Shilenkani]] ([[User talk:Shilenkani|talk]]) 21:41, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Sheep|Sheep]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kyon|Kyon]] || ''`[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:25, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Lion|Lion]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kamu|Kamu]] || ''[[User:UTSURU BAWA|UTSURU BAWA]] ([[User talk:UTSURU BAWA|talk]]) 14:15, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Pap|Pap]] || [[Wp/tsw/Una̱'a̱|Una̱'a̱]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 04:56, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Elephant|Elephant]] || [[Wp/tsw/Agiwa|Agiwa]] || ''[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 14:07, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Tree|Tree]] || [[Wp/tsw/Uɗanga|Uɗanga]] (Akimba) || ''[[User:Adamu Yahaya8808|Adamu Yahaya8808]] ([[User talk:Adamu Yahaya8808|talk]]) 11:06, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:The Bush|Bush]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ogozo|Ogozo]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 19:51, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Forest|Forest]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱tsumona (ɗanga)|A̱tsumona (ɗanga)]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 19:53, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en: Selling|selling]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kudenge|Kudenge]](cishingini) || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 00:31, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en: Twins|Twins]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mpeshe|mpeshe]](cishingini) || ''[[User: Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk: Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 14:07, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:wrapper|wrapper]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mayaga|mayaga]] (cishingini) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:11, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/tsw/4|4]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:13, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/tsw/5|5]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:14, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/tsw/6|6]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:15, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/tsw/7|7]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:14, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/tsw/8|8]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:16, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/tsw/9|9]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 19:42, 15 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/tsw/10|10]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 19:43, 15 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11|11]] || [[Wp/tsw/11|11]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 19:46, 15 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12|12]] || [[Wp/tsw/12|12]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 00:34, 18 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Hoe|Hoe]] || [[Wp/tsw/Eshe'en|Eshe'en]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 22:28, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:14|14]] || [[Wp/tsw/14|14]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 22:29, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:15|15]] || [[Wp/tsw/15|15]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:20, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:16|16]] || [[Wp/tsw/16|16]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:22, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:17|17]] || [[Wp/tsw/17|17]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:15, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:18|18]] || [[Wp/tsw/18|18]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:21, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:19|19]] || [[Wp/tsw/19|19]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:20, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:20|20]] || [[Wp/tsw/20|20]] || ''[[User:|[[Wp/tsw/[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 07:58, 25 June 2026 (UTC)|[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 07:58, 25 June 2026 (UTC)]] ([[User talk:|''''talk]])(UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/tsw/Dada|Dada]] || ''[[User:Jessicah Albarka|Jessicah Albarka]] ([[User talk:Jessicah Albarka|talk]]) 13:20, 13 June 2026 (UTC) '' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mma|Mma]] || [[User:Adamu Yahaya8808|Adamu Yahaya8808]] ([[User talk:Adamu Yahaya8808|talk]]) 16:43, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mawun|Mawun]] || ''[[User:Emmanuel Jagaba|Emmanuel Jagaba]] ([[User talk:Emmanuel Jagaba|talk]]) 12:23, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Knife|Knife]] || [[Wp/tsw/Matsun|Matsun]] || ''[[User:Shilenkani|Shilenkani]] ([[User talk:Shilenkani|talk]]) 20:06, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Son|Son]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ulobo|Ulobo]] || [[User:Adamu Yahaya8808|Adamu Yahaya8808]] ([[User talk:Adamu Yahaya8808|talk]]) 13:28, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Daughter|Daughter]] || [[Wp/tsw/Usheli|Usheli]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 20:39, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mister|Mister]] || [[Wp/tsw/Dada vu u'wa|Dada vu u'wa]] || [[User:HannyJoe|HannyJoe]] ([[User talk:HannyJoe|talk]]) 04:22, 14 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Missus|Missus]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ka va arungutsu|Ka va arungutsu]] || ''[[User:Jessicah Albarka|Jessicah Albarka]] ([[User talk:Jessicah Albarka|talk]]) 12:47, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Senior wife|Senior wife]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ka vu ufaru|Ka vu ufaru]] || ''[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 12:34, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Miss|Miss]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ushe vu u'wa|Ushe vu u'wa]] || ''[[User:MATTHEW Angela|MATTHEW Angela]] ([[User talk:MATTHEW Angela|talk]]) 12:59, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Man|Man]] || [[Wp/tsw/Vali|Vali]] || [[User:HannyJoe|HannyJoe]] ([[User talk:HannyJoe|talk]]) 19:26, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Woman|Woman]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ka|Ka]] || ''[[User:Shilenkani|Shilenkani]] ([[User talk:Shilenkani|talk]]) 13:20, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Lizard|Lizard]] || [[Wp/tsw/Aagada|Aagada]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 22:31, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Hen|hen]] || [[Wp/tsw/Moton|moton]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 19:09, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Riddle|Riddle]] || [[Wp/tsw/Avandaru|Avandaru]] || ''[[User:UTSURU BAWA|UTSURU BAWA]] ([[User talk:UTSURU BAWA|talk]]) 14:55, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Cars|Cars]] || [[Wp/tsw/Nkungulu|Nkungulu]] || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 01:17, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Yam|Yam]] || [[Wp/tsw/Moron|Moron]] || ''[[User:Danladi Matthew Gode|Danladi Matthew Gode]] ([[User talk:Danladi Matthew Gode|talk]]) 15:25, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Cocoyam|Cocoyam]] || [[Wp/tsw/Emele|Emele]] || ''[ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[Wp/tsw/User ZUWESU Happy|talk]]) 22:33, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kola nut|Kola nut]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ugoru|Ugoru]] || ''[[User:Habila Ango|Habila Ango]] ([[User talk:Habila Ango|talk]]) 12:22, 15 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dove|Dove]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ma̱rukuku|Ma̱rukuku]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 19:08, 15 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Money|Money]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ikebe|Ikebe]] || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 23:19, 16 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Farming|Farming]] || [[Wp/tsw/Vucimba|vucimba]] (cishingini) || ''[[User:Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk:Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 12:50, 19 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Calabash|Calabash]] || [[Wp/tsw/Moko'o|moko'o]] (cishingini) || ''[[User:Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk:Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 12:27, 19 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Room|Room]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kunu|kunu]] (cishingini) || ''[[User:Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk:Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 13:24, 19 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Axe|Axe]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kogovu|Kogovu]](cishigini) || ''[[User:Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk:Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 13:40, 19 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Shoe|Shoe]] || [[Wp/tsw/Aatan|Aatan]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 21:20, 22 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Cap|Cap]] || [[Wp/tsw/Melezu|Melezu]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 21:27, 22 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Waist|Waist]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ikyun|Ikyun]] || ''[[User:Danladi Matthew Gode|Danladi Matthew Gode]] ([[User talk:Danladi Matthew Gode|talk]]) 14:19, 17 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Neck|Neck]] || [[Wp/tsw/Yinlu|Yinlu]] || '',[[User:Newesula|Newesula]] ([[User talk:Newesula|talk]]) 10:59, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Elbow|Elbow]] || [[Wp/tsw/Oobolu|oobolu]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 10:05, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Finger nail|Finger nail]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱a̱kpa̱ta̱|A̱a̱kpa̱ta̱]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 10:03, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Bone|Bone]] || [[Wp/tsw/Eetele|Eetele]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 09:31, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:The Lord's Prayer|The Lord's Prayer]] || [[Wp/tsw/Avasa a Zagbain|Avasa a Zagbain]] || ''Danladi Matthew Gode'' |- | [[:w:en: Stealing|Stealing]] || [[Wp/tsw/Wivu|Wivu]] || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 01:17, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- [[Category:Wp/tsw]] asm4cm3nlkflawp9qew6io2r23v5r33 7240404 7240379 2026-07-05T18:42:34Z Gwazali Dominic 2687146 /* Articles for creation */ 7240404 wikitext text/x-wiki This page was created for the Kambari Wikipedia Outreach 2026 event. For the main landing page on Meta-Wiki, please [https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Kambari_Wikipedia_Outreach '''click here''']. ''Please create the articles in the English Wikipedia using the correct Kambari (Tsishingini) equivalent. Use the following steps:'' STEPS: # Click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found next to "''' Articles for creation'''" below. # Go to the article you wish to create/translate in the Kambari Category (Wp/tsw) of the Wikimedia Incubator. # Replace the "'''not assigned'''" with four tildes <code>'''<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>'''</code> beside the word you wish to create an article for. # Publish the changes. # The article you want to translate, click on the English equivalent. You'll be redirected to the main article in the English Wikipedia. # Highlight and copy the part you wish to translate. # Return to this page. # Click on the title in Kambari (Tsishingini) you would see in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. # When it opens, you'll see a blank page. # Paste what you copied. # ''' On mobile''': Click on the blue arrow at the top right corner of your screen (when using mobile) and briefly add into the Summary box what you just did or are about to do ## Click on Publish. # ''' On desktop''': Scroll down and click on "Publish page" (when using desktop). # Now, you wouldn't leave what you pasted in English without translating to Kambari (Tsishingini). To do that, on that very new page you created, click on "edit source" (when using a desktop) or the pen tool '''🖊️''' (when using a mobile), found at the top of that page. # Scroll down and begin translating and replacing the English text with the Kambari (Tsishingini) text. # Publish in bits or in whole as you translate. NB: * If an article has been <span style=background:#87BEEB>created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#87BEEB>blue</span>. If it is <span style=background:#FF0000>yet to be created</span>, it would be displayed in <span style=background:#FF0000>red</span>. * Please study [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article this (please click here)] for more insight into article creation. ==Articles for creation== This is a list of articles we hope to create during the event. ''Please search if an article already exists before creating one ̂to avoid duplication.'' {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ! English Wikipedia !! Kambari Wikipedia Incubator !! Sign |- | [[:w:en:Kambari languages|Kambari languages]] || [[Wp/tsw/Elentsu a̱ Tsishingini|Elentsu a̱ Tsishingini]] || ''[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:50, 12 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Shingini language|Shingini language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsishingini|Tsishingini]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:UTSURU BAWA|UTSURU BAWA]] ([[User talk:UTSURU BAWA|talk]]) 13:10, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Shingini language|Shingini language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsishingini/Cishingini|Tsishingini]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Ga,anlolo magaji|Ga,anlolo magaji]] ([[User talk:Ga,anlolo magaji|talk]]) 14:14, 13 June 2026 (UTppppC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Shingini language|Shingini people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱shingini|A̱shingini]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 16:26, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Shingini language|Shingini people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱shingini/Cishingini|A̱shingini]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 09:56, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kimba language|Kimba language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsikimba|Tsikimba]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Shilenkani|Shilenkani]] ([[User talk:Shilenkani|talk]]) 11:01, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kimba language|Kimba language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsikimba/Cishingini|Tsikimba]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:MATTHEW Angela|MATTHEW Angela]] ([[User talk:MATTHEW Angela|talk]]) 18:41, 12 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kimba language|Kimba people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Akimba|Akimba]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Dorcas Philemon|Dorcas Philemon]] ([[User talk:Dorcas Philemon|talk]]) 19:10, 12 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Vadi language|Vadi language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsuvaɗi|Tsuvaɗi]] (Tsishingini) || [[User:HannyJoe|HannyJoe]] ([[User talk:HannyJoe|talk]]) 19:39, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Vadi language|Vadi language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsuvaɗi/Tsikimba|Tsuvaɗi]] (Tsikimba) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:35, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Vadi language|Vadi people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Avaɗi|Avaɗi]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-34741-36|&#126;2026-34741-36]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-34741-36|talk]]) 12:34, 14 June 2026 (UTC)]] ([[User talk:[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-34741-36|&#126;2026-34741-36]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-34741-36|talk]]) 12:34, 14 June 2026 (UTC)|talk]]) 14:11, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Baangi language|Baangi language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsubaangi|Tsubaangi]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Solinya kana|Solinya kana]] ([[User talk:Solinya kana|talk]]) 09:22, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Baangi language|Baangi people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱za̱baangi|A̱za̱baangi]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Blessing Ayuba|Blessing Ayuba]] ([[User talk:Blessing Ayuba|talk]]) 10:47, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Baangi language|Baangi people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱za̱baangi/Cishingini|A̱za̱baangi]] (Cishingini) || [[User:HannyJoe|HannyJoe]] ([[User talk:HannyJoe|talk]]) 19:17, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Yumu language (Nigeria)|Yumu language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsuyumu|Tsuyumu]] || ''[[User:Chigashi|Chigashi]] ([[User talk:Chigashi|talk]]) 10:10, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Yumu language (Nigeria)|Yumu people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱za̱yumu|A̱za̱yumu]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Yahaya S Yahaya|Yahaya S Yahaya]] ([[User talk:Yahaya S Yahaya|talk]]) 15:26, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Yumu language (Nigeria)|Yumu people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱za̱yumu/Cishingini|A̱za̱yumu]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk:Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 06:33, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Yumu language (Nigeria)|Yumu people]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱za̱yumu|A̱za̱yumu]] || ''[[User:Yahaya S Yahaya|Yahaya S Yahaya]] ([[User talk:Yahaya S Yahaya|talk]]) 15:23, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kainji languages|Kainji languages]] || [[Wp/tsw/Elentsu a̱ Ka̱nji|Elentsu a̱ Ka̱nji]] (Tsishingini) || [[User:Shiprah Timothy|Shiprah Timothy]] ([[User talk:Shiprah Timothy|talk]]) 13:11, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Kainji languages|Kainji languages]] || [[Wp/tsw/Elentsu a̱ Ka̱nji/Tsikimba|Elentsu a̱ Ka̱nji]] (Tsikimba) || [[User:Shiprah Timothy|Shiprah Timothy]] ([[User talk:Shiprah Timothy|talk]]) 13:46, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Lela language|Lela language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsuta̱bula̱|Tsuta̱bula̱]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:30, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Lela language|Lela people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Nta̱bula̱|Nta̱bula̱]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:31, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Nupe language|Nupe language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsigidi|Tsigidi]] || ''[[User:Newesula|Newesula]] ([[User talk:Newesula|talk]]) 10:21, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Nupe people|Nupe people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ngidi|Ngidi]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Yohanna Daniel|Yohanna Daniel]] ([[User talk:Yohanna Daniel|talk]]) 14:10, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Nupe people|Nupe people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ngidi/Tsikimba|Ngidi]] (Tsikimba) || ''[[User:Yahaya S Yahaya|Yahaya S Yahaya]] ([[User talk:Yahaya S Yahaya|talk]]) 13:31, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Nupe people|Nupe people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ngidi/Cishingini|Ngidi]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Elisha Ayuba|Elisha Ayuba]] ([[User talk:Elisha Ayuba|talk]]) 14:11, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Gbagyi language|Gbagyi language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsugwari|Tsugwari]] || ''[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-34897-15|&#126;2026-34897-15]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-34897-15|talk]]) 10:02, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Gbagyi people|Gbagyi people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Agwari|Agwari]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:UTSURU BAWA|UTSURU BAWA]] ([[User talk:UTSURU BAWA|talk]]) 14:46, 12 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Gbagyi people|Gbagyi people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Agwari/Cishingini|Agwari]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 07:29, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Hausa language|Hausa language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsugana|Tsugana]] || ''[[User:Shilenkani|Shilenkani]] ([[User talk:Shilenkani|talk]]) 21:49, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Hausa people|Hausa people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Agana|Agana]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 09:47, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Fula language|Fula language]] || [[Wp/tsw/Tsupunlata|Tsupunlata]] || ''[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 06:34, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Fula people|Fula people]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mpunlata|Mpunlata]] || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 13:25, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |-Cisshshshshshshh | [[:w:en:Land|Land]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa|Iɗa]] || ''[[User:Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk:Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 01:16, 17 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- |- | [[:w:en:Niger State|Niger State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Neja|Iɗa ya Neja]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 11:04, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kebbi State|Kebbi State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Kebi|Iɗa ya Kebi]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 21:54, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kebbi State|Kebbi State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Kebi/Tsikimba|Iɗa ya Kebi]] (Tsikimba) || ''[[User:HannyJoe|HannyJoe]] ([[User talk:HannyJoe|talk]]) 09:55, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kwara State|Kwara State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Kwara/Tsikimba|Iɗa ya Kwara]] (Tsikimba) || ''[[User:Yahaya S Yahaya|Yahaya S Yahaya]] ([[User talk:Yahaya S Yahaya|talk]]) 13:10, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)]] || [[Wp/tsw/Aci e Iɓolo yi Iɗa (Najeriya)|Aci e Iɓolo yi Iɗa (Najeriya)]] || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 22:27, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kaduna State|Kaduna State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Kaduna|Iɗa ya Kaduna]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 21:40, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Zamfara State|Zamfara State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Zamfara|Iɗa ya Zamfara]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:31, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Zamfara State|Zamfara State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Zamfara/Cishingini|Iɗa ya Zamfara]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Emmanuel Jagaba|Emmanuel Jagaba]] ([[User talk:Emmanuel Jagaba|talk]]) 13:09, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Zamfara State|Zamfara State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Sokoto/Cishingini|Iɗa ya Sokoto]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Ishaya Ayuba|Ishaya Ayuba]] ([[User talk:Ishaya Ayuba|talk]]) 13:29, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kogi State|Kogi State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Kogi|Iɗa ya Kogi]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Danladi Barnabas Jonah|Danladi Barnabas Jonah]] ([[User talk:Danladi Barnabas Jonah|talk]]) 13:14, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Kogi State|Kogi State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Kogi/Tsishingini|Iɗa ya Kogi]] (cishingini) || ''[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 14:19, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Oyo State|Oyo State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Oyo|Iɗa ya Oyo]] (Tsishingini) || ''`[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 08:33, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Oyo State|Oyo State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Oyo/cishingini|Iɗa ya Oyo]] (cishingini) || ''[[User:Michael Musa Dankambari|Michael Musa Dankambari]] ([[User talk:Michael Musa Dankambari|talk]]) 18:15, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Plateau State|Plateau State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Pulato|Iɗa ya Pulato]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:31, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Plateau State|Plateau State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Pulato/Tsikimba|Iɗa ya Pulato]] (Tsikimba) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:29, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Benue State|Benue State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Benuwe|Iɗa ya Benuwe]] || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 01:17, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Katsina State|Katsina State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Katsuna|Iɗa ya Katsuna]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:33, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Edo State|Edo State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Edo|Iɗa ya Edo]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Nanret Bulus|Nanret Bulus]] ([[User talk:Nanret Bulus|talk]]) 13:51, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Edo State|Edo State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Edo/Cishingini|Iɗa ya Edo]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:34, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Enugu State|Enugu State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗa ya Enugu|Iɗa ya Enugu]] (Tsishingini) || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:29, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Enugu State|Enugu State]] || [[Wp/tsw/Iɗika i Inugu/Cishingini|Iɗika i Inugu]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 15:22, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Human|Human]] || [[Wp/tsw/Vuma|Vuma]] (Tsishingini) || [[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 13:42, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Human|Human]] || [[Wp/tsw/Vuma/Tsikimba|Vuma]] (Tsikimba) || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:28, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Head|Head]] || [[Wp/tsw/Aaci|Aaci]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 07:10, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Hand|Hand]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ukere|Ukere]] || ''[[User:UTSURU BAWA|UTSURU BAWA]] ([[User talk:UTSURU BAWA|talk]]) 17:47, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mouth|Mouth]] || [[Wp/tsw/Una̱|Una̱]] || ''[[User:Rifkay|Rifkay]] ([[User talk:Rifkay|talk]]) 13:48, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Tongue|Tongue]] || [[Wp/tsw/Eelentsu|Eelentsu]] || ''[[User:Danladi Matthew Gode|Danladi Matthew Gode]] ([[User talk:Danladi Matthew Gode|talk]]) 18:40, 12 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Nose|Nose]] || [[Wp/tsw/Vunu|Vunu]] || [[User:Shiprah Timothy|Shiprah Timothy]] ([[User talk:Shiprah Timothy|talk]]) 13:54, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Face|Face]] || [[Wp/tsw/Urewesu|Urewesu]] || ''[[User:UTSURU BAWA|UTSURU BAWA]] ([[User talk:UTSURU BAWA|talk]]) 17:47, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Body|Body]] || [[Wp/tsw/Lipu|Lipu]] || [[User:Adamu Yahaya8808|Adamu Yahaya8808]] ([[User talk:Adamu Yahaya8808|talk]]) 13:56, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Leg|Leg]] || [[Wp/tsw/Anana|Anana]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 11:45, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:God|God]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱sula̱|A̱sula̱]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 21:30, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Jesus|Jesus]] || [[Wp/tsw/Yesu|Yesu]] (cishingini) || [[User:Shiprah Timothy|Shiprah Timothy]] ([[User talk:Shiprah Timothy|talk]]) 13:19, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Holy Spirit|Holy Spirit]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ayivuki a singai/Cishingini|Ayivuki a singai]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 05:06, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Satan|Satan]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mekerenkesu|Mekerenkesu]] (Tsishingini) || [[User:HannyJoe|HannyJoe]] ([[User talk:HannyJoe|talk]]) 19:09, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Satan|Satan]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kalijani/Cishingini|Kalijani]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 07:23, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Heaven|Heaven]] || [[Wp/tsw/Zuva|Zuva]] || ''[[User:Danladi Matthew Gode|Danladi Matthew Gode]] ([[User talk:Danladi Matthew Gode|talk]]) 13:47, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Angel|Angel]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kalingata|Kalingata]] (cishingini) || ''[[User: Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk: Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 12:42, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Christianity|Christianity]] || [[Wp/tsw/Itoni|Itoni]] || ''[[User:Zuwesu Happy|Zuwesu Happy]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 12:16, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Islam|Islam]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱ka̱ɗa̱ta̱|A̱ka̱ɗa̱ta̱]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 12:31, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mohammed|Mohammed]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mahama̱du|Mahama̱du]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:25, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Nigeria|Nigeria]] || [[Wp/tsw/Najeriya/Cishingini|Najeriya]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 05:01, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Africa|Africa]] || [[Wp/tsw/Afirika|Afirika]] || ''[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 14:05, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Asia|Asia]] || [[Wp/tsw/Asiya|Asiya]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:33, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Europe|Europe]] || [[Wp/tsw/Yuropa|Yuropa]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:47, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North America|North America]] || [[Wp/tsw/Amerika vu Ugana|Amerika vu Ugana]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:05, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South America|South America]] || [[Wp/tsw/Amerika vu Uyagi|Amerika vu Uyagi]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:46, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Australia|Australia]] || [[Wp/tsw/Asutureliya|Asutureliya]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:02, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Antarctica|Antarctica]] || [[Wp/tsw/Antatika|Antatika]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:06, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Brook|Brook]] || [[Wp/tsw/Uyene|Uyene]] || ''[[User:MATTHEW Angela|MATTHEW Angela]] ([[User talk:MATTHEW Angela|talk]]) 09:44, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Stream|Stream]] || [[Wp/tsw/Moɗolu|Moɗolu]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 12:48, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:River|River]] || [[Wp/tsw/Uɗolu|Uɗolu]] || ''[[User:UTSURU BAWA|UTSURU BAWA]] ([[User talk:UTSURU BAWA|talk]]) 13:47, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Well|Well]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ooko'o|Ooko'o]] || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 23:19, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Lake|Lake]] || [[Wp/tsw/Uɗolu gbain|Uɗolu gbain]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:23, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Pond|Pond]] || [[Wp/tsw/Abata|Abata]] || ''[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 14:09, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Sea|Sea]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mala|Mala]] || ''[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 14:16, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Ocean|Ocean]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mala ma gbain|Mala ma gbain]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:30, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Book|Book]] || [[Wp/tsw/Aatagada|Aatagada]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 12:24, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:North|North]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ugana|Ugana]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:08, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:South|South]] || [[Wp/tsw/Uyagi|Uyagi]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:09, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:East|East]] || [[Wp/tsw/Asana|Asana]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 20:50, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:West|West]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱livu|A̱livu]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 12:47, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Center|Center]] || [[Wp/tsw/Memere|Memere]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:25, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Desert|Desert]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱tsumona (ma̱bula̱)|A̱tsumona (ma̱bula̱)]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:26, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Sun|Sun]] || [[Wp/tsw/Urana|Urana]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:48, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Moon|Moon]] || [[Wp/tsw/Wotoi|Wotoi]]((cishingini) || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 12:53, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Day|Day]] || [[Wp/tsw/Urana|Urana]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:10, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Night|Night]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ayin|Ayin]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:10, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Year|Year]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ka̱ya̱ꞌa̱/Cishingini|Ka̱ya̱ꞌa̱]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 15:35, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Ethnic group|Ethnic group]] || [[Wp/tsw/Elentsu (ama)|Elentsu (ama)]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:18, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Dog|Dog]] || [[Wp/tsw/Musan|Musan]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Nanret Bulus|Nanret Bulus]] ([[User talk:Nanret Bulus|talk]]) 13:51, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' ''̃ ̃ ̃ ̃ '' |- | [[:w:en:Scorpion|Scorpion]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ugashi|Ugashi]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 14:55, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- || [[:w:en:Scorpion|Scorpion]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kudyaɓu/Cishingini|Kudyaɓu]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 05:14, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Fish|Fish]] || [[Wp/tsw/Magula|Magula]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:19, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Meat|Meat]] || [[Wp/tsw/Inama|Inama]] || [[User:Rifkay|Rifkay]] ([[User talk:Rifkay|talk]]) 12:43, 14 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Animal|Animal]] || [[Wp/tsw/Nama|Nama]] || ''[[User:Habila Ango|Habila Ango]] ([[User talk:Habila Ango|talk]]) 12:59, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Cat|Cat]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kozoli/Cishingini|Kozoli]] (Cishingini) || ''[[User:Damveek|Damveek]] ([[User talk:Damveek|talk]]) 05:01, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Cattle|Cattle]] || [[Wp/tsw/Nan|Nan]] || ''[[User:Solinya kana|Solinya kana]] ([[User talk:Solinya kana|talk]]) 12:32, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Goat|Goat]] || [[Wp/tsw/Megbele|Megbele]] || ''[[User:Shilenkani|Shilenkani]] ([[User talk:Shilenkani|talk]]) 21:41, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Sheep|Sheep]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kyon|Kyon]] || ''`[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:25, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Lion|Lion]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kamu|Kamu]] || ''[[User:UTSURU BAWA|UTSURU BAWA]] ([[User talk:UTSURU BAWA|talk]]) 14:15, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Pap|Pap]] || [[Wp/tsw/Una̱'a̱|Una̱'a̱]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 04:56, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Elephant|Elephant]] || [[Wp/tsw/Agiwa|Agiwa]] || ''[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 14:07, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Tree|Tree]] || [[Wp/tsw/Uɗanga|Uɗanga]] (Akimba) || ''[[User:Adamu Yahaya8808|Adamu Yahaya8808]] ([[User talk:Adamu Yahaya8808|talk]]) 11:06, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:The Bush|Bush]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ogozo|Ogozo]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 19:51, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Forest|Forest]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱tsumona (ɗanga)|A̱tsumona (ɗanga)]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 19:53, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en: Selling|selling]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kudenge|Kudenge]](cishingini) || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 00:31, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en: Twins|Twins]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mpeshe|mpeshe]](cishingini) || ''[[User: Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk: Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 14:07, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:wrapper|wrapper]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mayaga|mayaga]] (cishingini) || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:11, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:4|4]] || [[Wp/tsw/4|4]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:13, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:5|5]] || [[Wp/tsw/5|5]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:14, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:6|6]] || [[Wp/tsw/6|6]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:15, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:7|7]] || [[Wp/tsw/7|7]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:14, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:8|8]] || [[Wp/tsw/8|8]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:16, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:9|9]] || [[Wp/tsw/9|9]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 19:42, 15 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:10|10]] || [[Wp/tsw/10|10]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 19:43, 15 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:11|11]] || [[Wp/tsw/11|11]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 19:46, 15 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:12|12]] || [[Wp/tsw/12|12]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 00:34, 18 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Hoe|Hoe]] || [[Wp/tsw/Eshe'en|Eshe'en]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 22:28, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:14|14]] || [[Wp/tsw/14|14]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 22:29, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:15|15]] || [[Wp/tsw/15|15]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:20, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:16|16]] || [[Wp/tsw/16|16]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:22, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:17|17]] || [[Wp/tsw/17|17]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:15, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:18|18]] || [[Wp/tsw/18|18]] || ''[[User:Langashi|Langashi]] ([[User talk:Langashi|talk]]) 14:21, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:19|19]] || [[Wp/tsw/19|19]] || ''[[User:Asulereve Joseph|Asulereve Joseph]] ([[User talk:Asulereve Joseph|talk]]) 14:20, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:20|20]] || [[Wp/tsw/20|20]] || ''[[User:|[[Wp/tsw/[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 07:58, 25 June 2026 (UTC)|[[User:Gbentsu|Gbentsu]] ([[User talk:Gbentsu|talk]]) 07:58, 25 June 2026 (UTC)]] ([[User talk:|''''talk]])(UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Father|Father]] || [[Wp/tsw/Dada|Dada]] || ''[[User:Jessicah Albarka|Jessicah Albarka]] ([[User talk:Jessicah Albarka|talk]]) 13:20, 13 June 2026 (UTC) '' |- | [[:w:en:Mother|Mother]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mma|Mma]] || [[User:Adamu Yahaya8808|Adamu Yahaya8808]] ([[User talk:Adamu Yahaya8808|talk]]) 16:43, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Child|Child]] || [[Wp/tsw/Mawun|Mawun]] || ''[[User:Emmanuel Jagaba|Emmanuel Jagaba]] ([[User talk:Emmanuel Jagaba|talk]]) 12:23, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Knife|Knife]] || [[Wp/tsw/Matsun|Matsun]] || ''[[User:Shilenkani|Shilenkani]] ([[User talk:Shilenkani|talk]]) 20:06, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Son|Son]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ulobo|Ulobo]] || [[User:Adamu Yahaya8808|Adamu Yahaya8808]] ([[User talk:Adamu Yahaya8808|talk]]) 13:28, 13 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Daughter|Daughter]] || [[Wp/tsw/Usheli|Usheli]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 20:39, 13 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Mister|Mister]] || [[Wp/tsw/Dada vu u'wa|Dada vu u'wa]] || [[User:HannyJoe|HannyJoe]] ([[User talk:HannyJoe|talk]]) 04:22, 14 June 2026 (UTC) |- | [[:w:en:Missus|Missus]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ka va arungutsu|Ka va arungutsu]] || ''[[User:Jessicah Albarka|Jessicah Albarka]] ([[User talk:Jessicah Albarka|talk]]) 12:47, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Senior wife|Senior wife]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ka vu ufaru|Ka vu 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[[Wp/tsw/Vucimba|vucimba]] (cishingini) || ''[[User:Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk:Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 12:50, 19 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Calabash|Calabash]] || [[Wp/tsw/Moko'o|moko'o]] (cishingini) || ''[[User:Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk:Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 12:27, 19 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Room|Room]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kunu|kunu]] (cishingini) || ''[[User:Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk:Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 13:24, 19 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Axe|Axe]] || [[Wp/tsw/Kogovu|Kogovu]](cishigini) || ''[[User:Iliya Emelda|Iliya Emelda]] ([[User talk:Iliya Emelda|talk]]) 13:40, 19 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Shoe|Shoe]] || [[Wp/tsw/Aatan|Aatan]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 21:20, 22 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Cap|Cap]] || [[Wp/tsw/Melezu|Melezu]] || ''[[User:ZUWESU HAPPY|ZUWESU HAPPY]] ([[User talk:ZUWESU HAPPY|talk]]) 21:27, 22 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Waist|Waist]] || [[Wp/tsw/Ikyun|Ikyun]] || ''[[User:Danladi Matthew Gode|Danladi Matthew Gode]] ([[User talk:Danladi Matthew Gode|talk]]) 14:19, 17 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Neck|Neck]] || [[Wp/tsw/Yinlu|Yinlu]] || '',[[User:Newesula|Newesula]] ([[User talk:Newesula|talk]]) 10:59, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Elbow|Elbow]] || [[Wp/tsw/Oobolu|oobolu]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 10:05, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Finger nail|Finger nail]] || [[Wp/tsw/A̱a̱kpa̱ta̱|A̱a̱kpa̱ta̱]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 10:03, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:Bone|Bone]] || [[Wp/tsw/Eetele|Eetele]] || ''[[User:Sharamu|Sharamu]] ([[User talk:Sharamu|talk]]) 09:31, 23 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en:The Lord's Prayer|The Lord's Prayer]] || [[Wp/tsw/Avasa a Zagbain|Avasa a Zagbain]] || ''Danladi Matthew Gode'' |- | [[:w:en: Stealing|Stealing]] || [[Wp/tsw/Wivu|Wivu]] || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 01:17, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- | [[:w:en: Amad Diallo|Amad Diallo]] || [[Wp/tsw/Amad Diallo|Amad Diallo]] || ''[[User:Gwazali Dominic|Gwazali Dominic]] ([[User talk:Gwazali Dominic|talk]]) 01:17, 14 June 2026 (UTC)'' |- [[Category:Wp/tsw]] cvqsdp9b7h2s1l4n4mhei3w6v964ui1 0 3779181 7240353 7217428 2026-07-05T16:22:54Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 /* Bahaso Jambi */ 7240353 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/jax/lang|jax}}== {{Wt/jax/head|jax|num=1}} {{Wt/jax/-v-|jax}} # [[Wt/jax/ngoles|ngoles]] bendo ke suatu bendo yang laen {{Wt/jax/head|jax|num=2}} {{Wt/jax/-n-|jax}} # [[Wt/jax/gurat-gurat|gurat-gurat]] merah pado kulit, biasonyo dari campak ato bis keno pukul =={{Wt/jax/lang|bew}}== {{Wt/jax/head|bew}} : {{Wt/jax/audio|bew|LL-Q33014 (bew)-Buruq-balur.wav}} {{Wt/jax/-v-|bew}} # {{Wt/jax/link|jax|num=1|balur}} [[Category:Wt/jax]] fd06bha4d7ymwje6i5zkxu1tj0e2u8g 0 3779217 7240334 7205666 2026-07-05T16:12:31Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 /* Bahaso Sasak */ 7240334 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/jax/lang|sas}}== {{Wt/jax/head|sas}} {{Wt/jax/-adv-|sas}} # [[Wt/jax/ahirnyo|ahirnyo]] [[Category:Wt/jax]] a1m0swypijnya7a8i6krvzivuzxnzb8 14 3779598 7240143 7206909 2026-07-05T12:33:46Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Sasak]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240143 wikitext text/x-wiki Lema bahaso Sasak [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Sasak]] ffa7ypfz27yr4jo5aisbaev8ihun2wd 7240144 7240143 2026-07-05T12:34:04Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax/Lema bedasarkan bahaso]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240144 wikitext text/x-wiki Lema bahaso Sasak [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Sasak]] [[Category:Wt/jax/Lema bedasarkan bahaso]] 49jc18tjgc1iwqpkany0x062cuix8lw 0 3780166 7240446 7224334 2026-07-05T20:42:16Z Gwazali Dominic 2687146 /* */ 7240446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/tsw/Databox|item=Q7565}} DADA, dad,ko dad ida dad vu u'uwa za mawun.bela,u'uwa va dad atawa bate mawun ko mu'u dad tagura yiwan tsugbain n cigi n muyun ma yi avu atara tsugbain n ilinwantayi. E nge'en na̱ urevu na̱ ta̱wai oɓolo na̱ icigi atyo ya muwun ma̱ yi, i Dada ata gura tsura̱ u cira a muwun ma̱yi, u ta gura waru u da̱na̱ zuzu na̱ mumun tsu kaya ma̱ yi. ===Dada na̱ Mawun=== Dada va̱ mawun a̱yi ɗa zana wo'oi u cha ta̱ ili lipu va̱yi na̱ rawo toyi a matsain mawun u, a mantsa ma̱ na ayi Dada a u reve yi lipu va̱ Ka va̱ yi. Dada u ta̱ na̱ wa̱ gura̱ 'ya san mawun mana a yi u matsayin shi, iroci ɗa ikambi na̱ ili va̱ ukere va̱ yi. I Dada na a̱ tsu zuwa ko ta̱ ulo ele ɗa aza na nla̱ngi n ɓoloi babu na̱ e sawa toyi a danshi okobu. I Dada na̱ oloi a̱ma̱chi oɓolo na̱ muwun na̱ ele ɗa a matsayin shi a̱tsa̱ ɗele ta̱ y Dada ire. [[Category:Wp/tsw]] [[Category:Wp/tsw/Kambari Wikipedia Outreach]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7565}} erjq5evxy42oo8u2fpb8i589e24wwv5 0 3781122 7240704 7239239 2026-07-06T07:45:10Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Onam */ 7240704 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gojen Mili''' bí Ohomiyapé adné, mitom odokké poyirné. == Onam == Bím dítag 1971, 1 mars do sunitpur mo:dumlok Balipara kérang Baligaon do:lu:do otagai. Édé do:lu:dé ajjongo:dogom aipé naré:pé du:né Mising do:lungko. Odokké mo:rum Nameri sí:lungé, kérang mimong Arunasol Pradesh la: Jiya Bhoroli-é du:ri:na dung. == Kin-go == == Adnam ager == Bí iskullo porina du:dokkéboi Ohomiya odokké Mising mé:tomém addungai. Sí:sa:-sí:dug dokké:boi ni:tom, so:nam odokké réngam lédulo du:la aipé mé:dungai. Dítag 1990 dokké mé:tomém adrobto. Mising agom dé bíkké ané agom dogom Ohomiya mé:tomém aipé kangkanpé addung. Réngamé aipé mé:bonam bíkké mé:tomé Ohom sokké lo:dípé lenné lutad lusar lo lenyarra lendung. Édé bulu – ‘Aamar Asom’, ‘Asomiya Pratidin’, ‘Aaji’, ‘Dainik Janambhumi’, ‘Dainik Asom’, ‘Asomiya Khabar’ atí-atí odokké lusar potin kídardé - ‘Prantik’, ‘Ranghar’, ‘Shree Moyee’, ‘Puwali’, ‘Nandini’, ‘Barta Pakhili’, ‘Prakash’, ‘Natun Prithibi’ atí-atí. Bikké tíkumna la:lennam akke:/akkéng mé:tom potin kídardé - (1) ‘Mé:tom Titom’ (Mising lyrical poems- 2015) (2) ‘Tumar Uthar Mou-Bagisa’t (2015)(3) ’Ebati Apongor Sahabas’ (2015)(4) ‘Aaru Ei Bhalpuwa’ (2016) (5) ‘Jinyar Junuka’ (2017) (6) 'Bokar joon' (7) 'Jyamitik kobita' odokké Chitraman Subba ké atsonsunam mé:tom 'Jivan ko afitabh' == Yammín/Aman == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] o5c9w2uig8ny8vs21r56awa448uo9cl 7240706 7240704 2026-07-06T07:50:28Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Kin-go */ 7240706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gojen Mili''' bí Ohomiyapé adné, mitom odokké poyirné. == Onam == Bím dítag 1971, 1 mars do sunitpur mo:dumlok Balipara kérang Baligaon do:lu:do otagai. Édé do:lu:dé ajjongo:dogom aipé naré:pé du:né Mising do:lungko. Odokké mo:rum Nameri sí:lungé, kérang mimong Arunasol Pradesh la: Jiya Bhoroli-é du:ri:na dung. == Kin-go == Bí Higher Secondary (HSC) ém pa:sdag lédudo murkong ngasodé a:na porinamém mépakpé ikang. == Adnam ager == Bí iskullo porina du:dokkéboi Ohomiya odokké Mising mé:tomém addungai. Sí:sa:-sí:dug dokké:boi ni:tom, so:nam odokké réngam lédulo du:la aipé mé:dungai. Dítag 1990 dokké mé:tomém adrobto. Mising agom dé bíkké ané agom dogom Ohomiya mé:tomém aipé kangkanpé addung. Réngamé aipé mé:bonam bíkké mé:tomé Ohom sokké lo:dípé lenné lutad lusar lo lenyarra lendung. Édé bulu – ‘Aamar Asom’, ‘Asomiya Pratidin’, ‘Aaji’, ‘Dainik Janambhumi’, ‘Dainik Asom’, ‘Asomiya Khabar’ atí-atí odokké lusar potin kídardé - ‘Prantik’, ‘Ranghar’, ‘Shree Moyee’, ‘Puwali’, ‘Nandini’, ‘Barta Pakhili’, ‘Prakash’, ‘Natun Prithibi’ atí-atí. Bikké tíkumna la:lennam akke:/akkéng mé:tom potin kídardé - (1) ‘Mé:tom Titom’ (Mising lyrical poems- 2015) (2) ‘Tumar Uthar Mou-Bagisa’t (2015)(3) ’Ebati Apongor Sahabas’ (2015)(4) ‘Aaru Ei Bhalpuwa’ (2016) (5) ‘Jinyar Junuka’ (2017) (6) 'Bokar joon' (7) 'Jyamitik kobita' odokké Chitraman Subba ké atsonsunam mé:tom 'Jivan ko afitabh' == Yammín/Aman == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] c2r2trn045szlg4lzpm5hcayzm9aeil 7240710 7240706 2026-07-06T07:52:54Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Adnam ager */ 7240710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gojen Mili''' bí Ohomiyapé adné, mitom odokké poyirné. == Onam == Bím dítag 1971, 1 mars do sunitpur mo:dumlok Balipara kérang Baligaon do:lu:do otagai. Édé do:lu:dé ajjongo:dogom aipé naré:pé du:né Mising do:lungko. Odokké mo:rum Nameri sí:lungé, kérang mimong Arunasol Pradesh la: Jiya Bhoroli-é du:ri:na dung. == Kin-go == Bí Higher Secondary (HSC) ém pa:sdag lédudo murkong ngasodé a:na porinamém mépakpé ikang. == Adnam ager == Bí iskullo porina du:dokkéboi Ohomiya odokké Mising mé:tomém addungai. Sí:sa:-sí:dug dokké:boi ni:tom, so:nam odokké réngam lédulo du:la aipé mé:dungai. Dítag 1990 dokké mé:tomém adrobto. Mising agom dé bíkké ané agom dogom Ohomiya mé:tomém aipé kangkanpé addung. Réngamé aipé mé:bonam bíkké mé:tomé Ohom sokké lo:dípé lenné lutad lusar lo lenyarra lendung. Édé bulu – ‘Aamar Asom’, ‘Asomiya Pratidin’, ‘Aaji’, ‘Dainik Janambhumi’, ‘Dainik Asom’, ‘Asomiya Khabar’ atí-atí odokké lusar potin kídardé - ‘Prantik’, ‘Ranghar’, ‘Shree Moyee’, ‘Puwali’, ‘Nandini’, ‘Barta Pakhili’, ‘Prakash’, ‘Natun Prithibi’ atí-atí. Bikké tíkumna la:lennam akke:/akkéng mé:tom potin kídardé - (1)‘Mé:tom Titom’ (Mising lyrical poems- 2015) (2) ‘Tumar Uthar Mou-Bagisa’t (2015)(3) ’Ebati Apongor Sahabas’ (2015)(4) ‘Aaru Ei Bhalpuwa’ (2016) (5) ‘Jinyar Junuka’ (2017) (6) 'Bokar joon' (7) 'Jyamitik kobita' odokké Chitraman Subba ké atsonsunam mé:tom 'Jivan ko afitabh' == Yammín/Aman == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] aw4duqrxpfke8phx784zn4e1x0cm3hz 7240712 7240710 2026-07-06T07:53:22Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Adnam ager */ 7240712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gojen Mili''' bí Ohomiyapé adné, mitom odokké poyirné. == Onam == Bím dítag 1971, 1 mars do sunitpur mo:dumlok Balipara kérang Baligaon do:lu:do otagai. Édé do:lu:dé ajjongo:dogom aipé naré:pé du:né Mising do:lungko. Odokké mo:rum Nameri sí:lungé, kérang mimong Arunasol Pradesh la: Jiya Bhoroli-é du:ri:na dung. == Kin-go == Bí Higher Secondary (HSC) ém pa:sdag lédudo murkong ngasodé a:na porinamém mépakpé ikang. == Adnam ager == Bí iskullo porina du:dokkéboi Ohomiya odokké Mising mé:tomém addungai. Sí:sa:-sí:dug dokké:boi ni:tom, so:nam odokké réngam lédulo du:la aipé mé:dungai. Dítag 1990 dokké mé:tomém adrobto. Mising agom dé bíkké ané agom dogom Ohomiya mé:tomém aipé kangkanpé addung. Réngamé aipé mé:bonam bíkké mé:tomé Ohom sokké lo:dípé lenné lutad lusar lo lenyarra lendung. Édé bulu – ‘Aamar Asom’, ‘Asomiya Pratidin’, ‘Aaji’, ‘Dainik Janambhumi’, ‘Dainik Asom’, ‘Asomiya Khabar’ atí-atí odokké lusar potin kídardé - ‘Prantik’, ‘Ranghar’, ‘Shree Moyee’, ‘Puwali’, ‘Nandini’, ‘Barta Pakhili’, ‘Prakash’, ‘Natun Prithibi’ atí-atí. Bikké tíkumna la:lennam akke:/akkéng mé:tom potin kídardé - (1)‘Mé:tom Titom’ (Mising lyrical poems- 2015) (2)‘Tumar Uthar Mou-Bagisa’t (2015)(3) ’Ebati Apongor Sahabas’ (2015)(4) ‘Aaru Ei Bhalpuwa’ (2016) (5) ‘Jinyar Junuka’ (2017) (6) 'Bokar joon' (7) 'Jyamitik kobita' odokké Chitraman Subba ké atsonsunam mé:tom 'Jivan ko afitabh' == Yammín/Aman == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] gso12sml5kstnd88rbakykqyob20i62 7240714 7240712 2026-07-06T07:53:43Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Adnam ager */ 7240714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gojen Mili''' bí Ohomiyapé adné, mitom odokké poyirné. == Onam == Bím dítag 1971, 1 mars do sunitpur mo:dumlok Balipara kérang Baligaon do:lu:do otagai. Édé do:lu:dé ajjongo:dogom aipé naré:pé du:né Mising do:lungko. Odokké mo:rum Nameri sí:lungé, kérang mimong Arunasol Pradesh la: Jiya Bhoroli-é du:ri:na dung. == Kin-go == Bí Higher Secondary (HSC) ém pa:sdag lédudo murkong ngasodé a:na porinamém mépakpé ikang. == Adnam ager == Bí iskullo porina du:dokkéboi Ohomiya odokké Mising mé:tomém addungai. Sí:sa:-sí:dug dokké:boi ni:tom, so:nam odokké réngam lédulo du:la aipé mé:dungai. Dítag 1990 dokké mé:tomém adrobto. Mising agom dé bíkké ané agom dogom Ohomiya mé:tomém aipé kangkanpé addung. Réngamé aipé mé:bonam bíkké mé:tomé Ohom sokké lo:dípé lenné lutad lusar lo lenyarra lendung. Édé bulu – ‘Aamar Asom’, ‘Asomiya Pratidin’, ‘Aaji’, ‘Dainik Janambhumi’, ‘Dainik Asom’, ‘Asomiya Khabar’ atí-atí odokké lusar potin kídardé - ‘Prantik’, ‘Ranghar’, ‘Shree Moyee’, ‘Puwali’, ‘Nandini’, ‘Barta Pakhili’, ‘Prakash’, ‘Natun Prithibi’ atí-atí. Bikké tíkumna la:lennam akke:/akkéng mé:tom potin kídardé - (1)‘Mé:tom Titom’ (Mising lyrical poems- 2015) (2)‘Tumar Uthar Mou-Bagisa’t (2015)(3)’Ebati Apongor Sahabas’ (2015)(4) ‘Aaru Ei Bhalpuwa’ (2016) (5) ‘Jinyar Junuka’ (2017) (6) 'Bokar joon' (7) 'Jyamitik kobita' odokké Chitraman Subba ké atsonsunam mé:tom 'Jivan ko afitabh' == Yammín/Aman == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] 19hqa4ra02p8ekz9mbh5pttgskvtcrz 7240715 7240714 2026-07-06T07:54:05Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Adnam ager */ 7240715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gojen Mili''' bí Ohomiyapé adné, mitom odokké poyirné. == Onam == Bím dítag 1971, 1 mars do sunitpur mo:dumlok Balipara kérang Baligaon do:lu:do otagai. Édé do:lu:dé ajjongo:dogom aipé naré:pé du:né Mising do:lungko. Odokké mo:rum Nameri sí:lungé, kérang mimong Arunasol Pradesh la: Jiya Bhoroli-é du:ri:na dung. == Kin-go == Bí Higher Secondary (HSC) ém pa:sdag lédudo murkong ngasodé a:na porinamém mépakpé ikang. == Adnam ager == Bí iskullo porina du:dokkéboi Ohomiya odokké Mising mé:tomém addungai. Sí:sa:-sí:dug dokké:boi ni:tom, so:nam odokké réngam lédulo du:la aipé mé:dungai. Dítag 1990 dokké mé:tomém adrobto. Mising agom dé bíkké ané agom dogom Ohomiya mé:tomém aipé kangkanpé addung. Réngamé aipé mé:bonam bíkké mé:tomé Ohom sokké lo:dípé lenné lutad lusar lo lenyarra lendung. Édé bulu – ‘Aamar Asom’, ‘Asomiya Pratidin’, ‘Aaji’, ‘Dainik Janambhumi’, ‘Dainik Asom’, ‘Asomiya Khabar’ atí-atí odokké lusar potin kídardé - ‘Prantik’, ‘Ranghar’, ‘Shree Moyee’, ‘Puwali’, ‘Nandini’, ‘Barta Pakhili’, ‘Prakash’, ‘Natun Prithibi’ atí-atí. Bikké tíkumna la:lennam akke:/akkéng mé:tom potin kídardé - (1)‘Mé:tom Titom’ (Mising lyrical poems- 2015) (2)‘Tumar Uthar Mou-Bagisa’t (2015)(3)’Ebati Apongor Sahabas’ (2015)(4) ‘Aaru Ei Bhalpuwa’ (2016) (5)‘Jinyar Junuka’ (2017) (6) 'Bokar joon' (7) 'Jyamitik kobita' odokké Chitraman Subba ké atsonsunam mé:tom 'Jivan ko afitabh' == Yammín/Aman == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] buidha7k3zgo14cb3njxer028g88tha 7240716 7240715 2026-07-06T07:54:21Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Adnam ager */ 7240716 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gojen Mili''' bí Ohomiyapé adné, mitom odokké poyirné. == Onam == Bím dítag 1971, 1 mars do sunitpur mo:dumlok Balipara kérang Baligaon do:lu:do otagai. Édé do:lu:dé ajjongo:dogom aipé naré:pé du:né Mising do:lungko. Odokké mo:rum Nameri sí:lungé, kérang mimong Arunasol Pradesh la: Jiya Bhoroli-é du:ri:na dung. == Kin-go == Bí Higher Secondary (HSC) ém pa:sdag lédudo murkong ngasodé a:na porinamém mépakpé ikang. == Adnam ager == Bí iskullo porina du:dokkéboi Ohomiya odokké Mising mé:tomém addungai. Sí:sa:-sí:dug dokké:boi ni:tom, so:nam odokké réngam lédulo du:la aipé mé:dungai. Dítag 1990 dokké mé:tomém adrobto. Mising agom dé bíkké ané agom dogom Ohomiya mé:tomém aipé kangkanpé addung. Réngamé aipé mé:bonam bíkké mé:tomé Ohom sokké lo:dípé lenné lutad lusar lo lenyarra lendung. Édé bulu – ‘Aamar Asom’, ‘Asomiya Pratidin’, ‘Aaji’, ‘Dainik Janambhumi’, ‘Dainik Asom’, ‘Asomiya Khabar’ atí-atí odokké lusar potin kídardé - ‘Prantik’, ‘Ranghar’, ‘Shree Moyee’, ‘Puwali’, ‘Nandini’, ‘Barta Pakhili’, ‘Prakash’, ‘Natun Prithibi’ atí-atí. Bikké tíkumna la:lennam akke:/akkéng mé:tom potin kídardé - (1)‘Mé:tom Titom’ (Mising lyrical poems- 2015) (2)‘Tumar Uthar Mou-Bagisa’t (2015)(3)’Ebati Apongor Sahabas’ (2015)(4) ‘Aaru Ei Bhalpuwa’ (2016) (5)‘Jinyar Junuka’ (2017) (6)'Bokar joon' (7) 'Jyamitik kobita' odokké Chitraman Subba ké atsonsunam mé:tom 'Jivan ko afitabh' == Yammín/Aman == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] 8ui8pfny9hm805lng28sa63p18witje 7240718 7240716 2026-07-06T07:54:54Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Adnam ager */ 7240718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gojen Mili''' bí Ohomiyapé adné, mitom odokké poyirné. == Onam == Bím dítag 1971, 1 mars do sunitpur mo:dumlok Balipara kérang Baligaon do:lu:do otagai. Édé do:lu:dé ajjongo:dogom aipé naré:pé du:né Mising do:lungko. Odokké mo:rum Nameri sí:lungé, kérang mimong Arunasol Pradesh la: Jiya Bhoroli-é du:ri:na dung. == Kin-go == Bí Higher Secondary (HSC) ém pa:sdag lédudo murkong ngasodé a:na porinamém mépakpé ikang. == Adnam ager == Bí iskullo porina du:dokkéboi Ohomiya odokké Mising mé:tomém addungai. Sí:sa:-sí:dug dokké:boi ni:tom, so:nam odokké réngam lédulo du:la aipé mé:dungai. Dítag 1990 dokké mé:tomém adrobto. Mising agom dé bíkké ané agom dogom Ohomiya mé:tomém aipé kangkanpé addung. Réngamé aipé mé:bonam bíkké mé:tomé Ohom sokké lo:dípé lenné lutad lusar lo lenyarra lendung. Édé bulu – ‘Aamar Asom’, ‘Asomiya Pratidin’, ‘Aaji’, ‘Dainik Janambhumi’, ‘Dainik Asom’, ‘Asomiya Khabar’ atí-atí odokké lusar potin kídardé - ‘Prantik’, ‘Ranghar’, ‘Shree Moyee’, ‘Puwali’, ‘Nandini’, ‘Barta Pakhili’, ‘Prakash’, ‘Natun Prithibi’ atí-atí. Bikké tíkumna la:lennam akke:/akkéng mé:tom potin kídardé - (1)‘Mé:tom Titom’ (Mising lyrical poems- 2015) (2)‘Tumar Uthar Mou-Bagisa’t (2015)(3)’Ebati Apongor Sahabas’ (2015)(4) ‘Aaru Ei Bhalpuwa’ (2016) (5)‘Jinyar Junuka’ (2017) (6)'Bokar joon' (7)'Jyamitik kobita' odokké Chitraman Subba ké atsonsunam mé:tom 'Jivan ko afitabh' == Yammín/Aman == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] rb5c83kaeworyv8iohwe7rme1berdzz 7240722 7240718 2026-07-06T07:56:25Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Yammín/Aman */ 7240722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gojen Mili''' bí Ohomiyapé adné, mitom odokké poyirné. == Onam == Bím dítag 1971, 1 mars do sunitpur mo:dumlok Balipara kérang Baligaon do:lu:do otagai. Édé do:lu:dé ajjongo:dogom aipé naré:pé du:né Mising do:lungko. Odokké mo:rum Nameri sí:lungé, kérang mimong Arunasol Pradesh la: Jiya Bhoroli-é du:ri:na dung. == Kin-go == Bí Higher Secondary (HSC) ém pa:sdag lédudo murkong ngasodé a:na porinamém mépakpé ikang. == Adnam ager == Bí iskullo porina du:dokkéboi Ohomiya odokké Mising mé:tomém addungai. Sí:sa:-sí:dug dokké:boi ni:tom, so:nam odokké réngam lédulo du:la aipé mé:dungai. Dítag 1990 dokké mé:tomém adrobto. Mising agom dé bíkké ané agom dogom Ohomiya mé:tomém aipé kangkanpé addung. Réngamé aipé mé:bonam bíkké mé:tomé Ohom sokké lo:dípé lenné lutad lusar lo lenyarra lendung. Édé bulu – ‘Aamar Asom’, ‘Asomiya Pratidin’, ‘Aaji’, ‘Dainik Janambhumi’, ‘Dainik Asom’, ‘Asomiya Khabar’ atí-atí odokké lusar potin kídardé - ‘Prantik’, ‘Ranghar’, ‘Shree Moyee’, ‘Puwali’, ‘Nandini’, ‘Barta Pakhili’, ‘Prakash’, ‘Natun Prithibi’ atí-atí. Bikké tíkumna la:lennam akke:/akkéng mé:tom potin kídardé - (1)‘Mé:tom Titom’ (Mising lyrical poems- 2015) (2)‘Tumar Uthar Mou-Bagisa’t (2015)(3)’Ebati Apongor Sahabas’ (2015)(4) ‘Aaru Ei Bhalpuwa’ (2016) (5)‘Jinyar Junuka’ (2017) (6)'Bokar joon' (7)'Jyamitik kobita' odokké Chitraman Subba ké atsonsunam mé:tom 'Jivan ko afitabh' == Yammín/Aman == Bíkké pa:nam yammín/aman kídardé - == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] 7rpokurymaeoxmuizpwdjk4sxzrr0fh 7240730 7240722 2026-07-06T08:00:55Z Tatoyayo 2686294 7240730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gojen Mili''' bí Ohomiyapé adné, mitom odokké poyirné. == Onam == Bím dítag 1971, 1 mars do sunitpur mo:dumlok Balipara kérang Baligaon do:lu:do otagai. Édé do:lu:dé ajjongo:dogom aipé naré:pé du:né Mising do:lungko. Odokké mo:rum Nameri sí:lungé, kérang mimong Arunasol Pradesh la: Jiya Bhoroli-é du:ri:na dung. == Kin-go == Bí Higher Secondary (HSC) ém pa:sdag lédudo murkong ngasodé a:na porinamém mépakpé ikang. == Adnam ager == Bí iskullo porina du:dokkéboi Ohomiya odokké Mising mé:tomém addungai. Sí:sa:-sí:dug dokké:boi ni:tom, so:nam odokké réngam lédulo du:la aipé mé:dungai. Dítag 1990 dokké mé:tomém adrobto. Mising agom dé bíkké ané agom dogom Ohomiya mé:tomém aipé kangkanpé addung. Réngamé aipé mé:bonam bíkké mé:tomé Ohom sokké lo:dípé lenné lutad lusar lo lenyarra lendung. Édé bulu – ‘Aamar Asom’, ‘Asomiya Pratidin’, ‘Aaji’, ‘Dainik Janambhumi’, ‘Dainik Asom’, ‘Asomiya Khabar’ atí-atí odokké lusar potin kídardé - ‘Prantik’, ‘Ranghar’, ‘Shree Moyee’, ‘Puwali’, ‘Nandini’, ‘Barta Pakhili’, ‘Prakash’, ‘Natun Prithibi’ atí-atí. Bikké tíkumna la:lennam akke:/akkéng mé:tom potin kídardé - (1)‘Mé:tom Titom’ (Mising lyrical poems- 2015) (2)‘Tumar Uthar Mou-Bagisa’t (2015)(3)’Ebati Apongor Sahabas’ (2015)(4) ‘Aaru Ei Bhalpuwa’ (2016) (5)‘Jinyar Junuka’ (2017) (6)'Bokar joon' (7)'Jyamitik kobita' odokké Chitraman Subba ké atsonsunam mé:tom 'Jivan ko afitabh' == Yammín/Aman == Bíkké pa:nam yammín/aman kídardé - (1) Doksiri 2023 gomlab aman (2) Samaj karmi Bikiram Pawegam sowarani bota == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] 8wn5lfh50qdu72d03pz720thrgb1djv 7240732 7240730 2026-07-06T08:02:12Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Yammín/Aman */ 7240732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gojen Mili''' bí Ohomiyapé adné, mitom odokké poyirné. == Onam == Bím dítag 1971, 1 mars do sunitpur mo:dumlok Balipara kérang Baligaon do:lu:do otagai. Édé do:lu:dé ajjongo:dogom aipé naré:pé du:né Mising do:lungko. Odokké mo:rum Nameri sí:lungé, kérang mimong Arunasol Pradesh la: Jiya Bhoroli-é du:ri:na dung. == Kin-go == Bí Higher Secondary (HSC) ém pa:sdag lédudo murkong ngasodé a:na porinamém mépakpé ikang. == Adnam ager == Bí iskullo porina du:dokkéboi Ohomiya odokké Mising mé:tomém addungai. Sí:sa:-sí:dug dokké:boi ni:tom, so:nam odokké réngam lédulo du:la aipé mé:dungai. Dítag 1990 dokké mé:tomém adrobto. Mising agom dé bíkké ané agom dogom Ohomiya mé:tomém aipé kangkanpé addung. Réngamé aipé mé:bonam bíkké mé:tomé Ohom sokké lo:dípé lenné lutad lusar lo lenyarra lendung. Édé bulu – ‘Aamar Asom’, ‘Asomiya Pratidin’, ‘Aaji’, ‘Dainik Janambhumi’, ‘Dainik Asom’, ‘Asomiya Khabar’ atí-atí odokké lusar potin kídardé - ‘Prantik’, ‘Ranghar’, ‘Shree Moyee’, ‘Puwali’, ‘Nandini’, ‘Barta Pakhili’, ‘Prakash’, ‘Natun Prithibi’ atí-atí. Bikké tíkumna la:lennam akke:/akkéng mé:tom potin kídardé - (1)‘Mé:tom Titom’ (Mising lyrical poems- 2015) (2)‘Tumar Uthar Mou-Bagisa’t (2015)(3)’Ebati Apongor Sahabas’ (2015)(4) ‘Aaru Ei Bhalpuwa’ (2016) (5)‘Jinyar Junuka’ (2017) (6)'Bokar joon' (7)'Jyamitik kobita' odokké Chitraman Subba ké atsonsunam mé:tom 'Jivan ko afitabh' == Yammín/Aman == Bíkké pa:nam yammín/aman kídardé - (1) Doksiri 2023 gomlab aman (2) Samaj karmi Bikiram Pawegam sowarani bota (3) Sasparsh Sahitya bota == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] fh7ar5bwz9a2xz1hjs5yr1mcv5iq4zn 7240744 7240732 2026-07-06T08:17:27Z Tatoyayo 2686294 7240744 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gojen Mili''' bí Ohomiyapé adné, mitom odokké poyirné. == Onam == Bím dítag 1971, 1 mars do sunitpur mo:dumlok Balipara kérang Baligaon do:lu:do otagai. Édé do:lu:dé ajjongo:dogom aipé naré:pé du:né Mising do:lungko. Odokké mo:rum Nameri sí:lungé, kérang mimong Arunasol Pradesh la: Jiya Bhoroli-é du:ri:na dung. == Kin-go == Bí Higher Secondary (HSC) ém pa:sdag lédudo murkong ngasodé a:na porinamém mépakpé ikang. == Adnam ager == Bí iskullo porina du:dokkéboi Ohomiya odokké Mising mé:tomém addungai. Sí:sa:-sí:dug dokké:boi ni:tom, so:nam odokké réngam lédulo du:la aipé mé:dungai. Dítag 1990 dokké mé:tomém adrobto. Mising agom dé bíkké ané agom dogom Ohomiya mé:tomém aipé kangkanpé addung. Réngamé aipé mé:bonam bíkké mé:tomé Ohom sokké lo:dípé lenné lutad lusar lo lenyarra lendung. Édé bulu – ‘Aamar Asom’, ‘Asomiya Pratidin’, ‘Aaji’, ‘Dainik Janambhumi’, ‘Dainik Asom’, ‘Asomiya Khabar’ atí-atí odokké lusar potin kídardé - ‘Prantik’, ‘Ranghar’, ‘Shree Moyee’, ‘Puwali’, ‘Nandini’, ‘Barta Pakhili’, ‘Prakash’, ‘Natun Prithibi’ atí-atí. Bikké tíkumna la:lennam akke:/akkéng mé:tom potin kídardé - (1)‘Mé:tom Titom’ (Mising lyrical poems- 2015) (2)‘Tumar Uthar Mou-Bagisa’t (2015)(3)’Ebati Apongor Sahabas’ (2015)(4) ‘Aaru Ei Bhalpuwa’ (2016) (5)‘Jinyar Junuka’ (2017) (6)'Bokar joon' (7)'Jyamitik kobita' odokké Chitraman Subba ké atsonsunam mé:tom 'Jivan ko afitabh' == Yammín/Aman == Bíkké pa:nam yammín/aman kídardé - (1) Doksiri 2023 gomlab aman (2) Samaj karmi Bikiram Pawegam sowarani bota (3) Sasparsh Sahitya bota == Ka:yi:sunam == (1) Lupsunam, 24 Jun, 2026 [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] 5plcyf0mpk8z38umowhcwyzp6tqs71b 0 3781326 7240377 7217341 2026-07-05T17:25:16Z Zakaria Tunsung 2586001 Databox 7240377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q25230902}} A '''Aké Arts and Book Festival''' ɩyɛ nuuhi maalɩ bambʋ tigiri baŋ maŋ tigi a Najɩɩrɩyɛ (Nigeria) paalʋŋ. A Nigeria sɛʋsɛʋra ŋa maŋ bʋɔna ka [[Wp/wlx/Lola Shoneyin|Lola Shoneyin]] la nɩɛ nɩ aŋ waanɩŋ a tigiri ŋa tigibu a [[Wp/wlx/Abeokuta|Abeokuta]] paalʋʋ puoŋ. A tigiri maŋ tigiŋ tɩ jɛgɩ nɩ ka nɩmpaanɩ aŋ ŋmɩra yieme bɩɩ sɛʋsɛʋrɩba bɩɩ bʋŋmaalɩ bagɩnɩba yuori do. A juŋ kaŋa jaa maŋ waanɛɛ ʋ yɛlɩpaalaa bɩɩ yieŋpaanɩ. A Aké Arts and Book tigiri ŋa a Afɩrɩka paalʋʋ jaa tigi-kpɔŋ yuoni jaa tige puoŋ jɛgɩ nɩŋ sɛʋsɛʋrɩba bɩɩ bagɩnɩba.<ref>https://brittlepaper.com/2018/06/fantastical-futures-ake-festival-2018-will-focus-on-a-re-imagined-africa/</ref> A tigiri ŋa tarɩyɛ ʋ yoŋ sɛsɛʋ duoho mʋɔlɩ-jie bɩɩ biŋ-jie baŋ bʋɔna ka ''Aké Review.'' [[Category:Wp/wlx]] 6au53xb88a496slq360e5nc20notzlo 7240378 7240377 2026-07-05T17:25:34Z Zakaria Tunsung 2586001 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q25230902]] 7240378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q25230902}} A '''Aké Arts and Book Festival''' ɩyɛ nuuhi maalɩ bambʋ tigiri baŋ maŋ tigi a Najɩɩrɩyɛ (Nigeria) paalʋŋ. A Nigeria sɛʋsɛʋra ŋa maŋ bʋɔna ka [[Wp/wlx/Lola Shoneyin|Lola Shoneyin]] la nɩɛ nɩ aŋ waanɩŋ a tigiri ŋa tigibu a [[Wp/wlx/Abeokuta|Abeokuta]] paalʋʋ puoŋ. A tigiri maŋ tigiŋ tɩ jɛgɩ nɩ ka nɩmpaanɩ aŋ ŋmɩra yieme bɩɩ sɛʋsɛʋrɩba bɩɩ bʋŋmaalɩ bagɩnɩba yuori do. A juŋ kaŋa jaa maŋ waanɛɛ ʋ yɛlɩpaalaa bɩɩ yieŋpaanɩ. A Aké Arts and Book tigiri ŋa a Afɩrɩka paalʋʋ jaa tigi-kpɔŋ yuoni jaa tige puoŋ jɛgɩ nɩŋ sɛʋsɛʋrɩba bɩɩ bagɩnɩba.<ref>https://brittlepaper.com/2018/06/fantastical-futures-ake-festival-2018-will-focus-on-a-re-imagined-africa/</ref> A tigiri ŋa tarɩyɛ ʋ yoŋ sɛsɛʋ duoho mʋɔlɩ-jie bɩɩ biŋ-jie baŋ bʋɔna ka ''Aké Review.'' [[Category:Wp/wlx]] {{INTERWIKI|Q25230902}} nb0nnu3myzcnb4k7thcjszwhm0e5tcq 14 3781335 7240342 7217371 2026-07-05T16:15:17Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Jambi]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240342 wikitext text/x-wiki Kato sipat bahaso Jambi [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Jambi]] hzuj1vsnlo2g1imte3az4eyoj8k8q8m 0 3781381 7240675 7239253 2026-07-06T06:34:00Z Mg. Hemchandra Mili 2672630 7240675 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karko Sondro Dole:''' (Ingraji: Karko Chandra Doley) bí Mising réngam ara:so ‘Kéba: nébíng’, ‘Membar’,‘Migang Ga:pong, Lamté Gípong’ émna yamminém minnígnam tani:ko.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipak Kumar Doley|title=Mitpan la:ma:nam Mising Tani:|pages=18-19|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Onam == Karko Sondro Dole:mé 1905 dítagdo Majuli boglo:lok Bhekelimukh émnam do:lu:do otagai. Bík abudok aminém Lasing Dole: odokké anédok aminém Laboi Dole: émtagai. Lasing Dole:ké auwo aumkai. Buluk aminé– Migbíng, Karbang odokké Karko. Bhekelimukh do:lu:dém a:né raggo bannyudnam lédupé odok du:né tani:kídí:dé gi:pid-gi:yidamkang. == Réngam ager == == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] c6zpf3awcglkmyf99tf1x6ic1ccfsno 7240677 7240675 2026-07-06T06:35:10Z Mg. Hemchandra Mili 2672630 7240677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karko Sondro Dole:''' (Ingraji: Karko Chandra Doley) bí Mising réngam ara:so ‘Kéba: nébíng’, ‘Membar’,‘Migang Ga:pong, Lamté Gípong’ émna yamminém minnígnam tani:ko.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipak Kumar Doley|title=Mitpan la:ma:nam Mising Tani:|pages=18-19|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Onam == Karko Sondro Dole:mé 1905 dítagdo Majuli boglo:lok Bhekelimukh émnam do:lu:do otagai. Bík abudok aminém Lasing Dole: odokké anédok aminém Laboi Dole: émtagai. Lasing Dole:ké auwo aumkai. Buluk aminé– Migbíng, Karbang odokké Karko. Bhekelimukh do:lu:dém a:né raggo bannyudnam lédupé odok du:né tani:kídí:dé gi:pid-gi:yidamkang. == Porinam == Aíké do:lu:do poko okumé kama:la Karko Sondro Dole:mé abudé Misamora do:lu:dok anyidok okumlo méla porimoka. == Réngam ager == == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] r0g70hdqm7xg3nm9hebtm6akbpxpm9t 7240678 7240677 2026-07-06T06:35:35Z Mg. Hemchandra Mili 2672630 7240678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karko Sondro Dole:''' (Ingraji: Karko Chandra Doley) bí Mising réngam ara:so ‘Kéba: nébíng’, ‘Membar’,‘Migang Ga:pong, Lamté Gípong’ émna yamminém minnígnam tani:ko.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipak Kumar Doley|title=Mitpan la:ma:nam Mising Tani:|pages=18-19|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Onam == Karko Sondro Dole:mé 1905 dítagdo Majuli boglo:lok Bhekelimukh émnam do:lu:do otagai. Bík abudok aminém Lasing Dole: odokké anédok aminém Laboi Dole: émtagai. Lasing Dole:ké auwo aumkai. Buluk aminé– Migbíng, Karbang odokké Karko. Bhekelimukh do:lu:dém a:né raggo bannyudnam lédupé odok du:né tani:kídí:dé gi:pid-gi:yidamkang. == Porinam == Aíké do:lu:do poko okumé kama:la Karko Sondro Dole:mé abudé Misamora do:lu:dok anyidok okumlo méla porimoka. 1917 dítagdo Aman pa:la Pobug ponamém pokurnam lédupé bí 20 mayilko mo:té:pé du:né Bon-gau M.V. Iskuldo porika. == Réngam ager == == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] 9nuweg1w2qeobmnuvqo3xu6y7bg2xt3 7240679 7240678 2026-07-06T06:36:21Z Mg. Hemchandra Mili 2672630 7240679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karko Sondro Dole:''' (Ingraji: Karko Chandra Doley) bí Mising réngam ara:so ‘Kéba: nébíng’, ‘Membar’,‘Migang Ga:pong, Lamté Gípong’ émna yamminém minnígnam tani:ko.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipak Kumar Doley|title=Mitpan la:ma:nam Mising Tani:|pages=18-19|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Onam == Karko Sondro Dole:mé 1905 dítagdo Majuli boglo:lok Bhekelimukh émnam do:lu:do otagai. Bík abudok aminém Lasing Dole: odokké anédok aminém Laboi Dole: émtagai. Lasing Dole:ké auwo aumkai. Buluk aminé– Migbíng, Karbang odokké Karko. Bhekelimukh do:lu:dém a:né raggo bannyudnam lédupé odok du:né tani:kídí:dé gi:pid-gi:yidamkang. == Porinam == Aíké do:lu:do poko okumé kama:la Karko Sondro Dole:mé abudé Misamora do:lu:dok anyidok okumlo méla porimoka. 1917 dítagdo Aman pa:la Pobug ponamém pokurnam lédupé bí 20 mayilko mo:té:pé du:né Bon-gau M.V. Iskuldo porika. Lédupé Jurhat Gobt. Boys Hai Iskuldo poka. Jurhat Gobt. Boys Hai Iskudlokké 1927 dítagdo bí metrigém pa:ska. Metrigdém pa:snam lédupé bí I.Sc. porikolo Kolkatapé gíka. == Réngam ager == == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] ibsofm44fuw5igswe2nzqrp795pnygt 7240680 7240679 2026-07-06T06:36:55Z Mg. Hemchandra Mili 2672630 7240680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karko Sondro Dole:''' (Ingraji: Karko Chandra Doley) bí Mising réngam ara:so ‘Kéba: nébíng’, ‘Membar’,‘Migang Ga:pong, Lamté Gípong’ émna yamminém minnígnam tani:ko.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipak Kumar Doley|title=Mitpan la:ma:nam Mising Tani:|pages=18-19|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Onam == Karko Sondro Dole:mé 1905 dítagdo Majuli boglo:lok Bhekelimukh émnam do:lu:do otagai. Bík abudok aminém Lasing Dole: odokké anédok aminém Laboi Dole: émtagai. Lasing Dole:ké auwo aumkai. Buluk aminé– Migbíng, Karbang odokké Karko. Bhekelimukh do:lu:dém a:né raggo bannyudnam lédupé odok du:né tani:kídí:dé gi:pid-gi:yidamkang. == Porinam == Aíké do:lu:do poko okumé kama:la Karko Sondro Dole:mé abudé Misamora do:lu:dok anyidok okumlo méla porimoka. 1917 dítagdo Aman pa:la Pobug ponamém pokurnam lédupé bí 20 mayilko mo:té:pé du:né Bon-gau M.V. Iskuldo porika. Lédupé Jurhat Gobt. Boys Hai Iskuldo poka. Jurhat Gobt. Boys Hai Iskudlokké 1927 dítagdo bí metrigém pa:ska. Metrigdém pa:snam lédupé bí I.Sc. porikolo Kolkatapé gíka. 1929 dítagdokké 1932 dítag do:pé West Benggollok Bonggobasi Kolej, Bidyasagor Kolej, Kus Biharlok Bhikturia Kolejlo porinam lédupé kinamko a:la Karko Sondro Dole:bí okumpé gílad kaku. == Réngam ager == == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] m1a56k03djbbb99fy63ddkl8u9m0rv3 0 3781388 7240663 7239268 2026-07-06T06:21:35Z Mg. Hemchandra Mili 2672630 7240663 wikitext text/x-wiki Pobug pokolok ponditpé ila Mising réngam ara:so se:kobulu ainé aminém pa:la gíka:ji, édé ara:dok ménggappénam amin ako Sumeswor Kuli:ké aminsé. “Ngok auwo pokolo gíyépé, pondiddé po:lo po:lolo dormangém pa:yépé. Ngo okkom pa:yén? Porai ge:mang” émna ngoluk taniyé réngam ara:lo ludo adído Pobug Pokolok poyirné Ponditpé ila Sumeswor Kuli:bí bojéko ko:ka:ngém poraila lédupé botténé tani:pé imoto.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipok Kr. Dole:|title=MITPANLA:MA:NAM MISING TANI:|pages=23-24|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Onam == == Ponam == == Réngam ager == == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] ir8xwdhe2k8r4xr1gessdk1i5d1apb8 7240664 7240663 2026-07-06T06:25:03Z Mg. Hemchandra Mili 2672630 7240664 wikitext text/x-wiki Pobug pokolok ponditpé ila Mising réngam ara:so se:kobulu ainé aminém pa:la gíka:ji, édé ara:dok ménggappénam amin ako Sumeswor Kuli:ké aminsé. “Ngok auwo pokolo gíyépé, pondiddé po:lo po:lolo dormangém pa:yépé. Ngo okkom pa:yén? Porai ge:mang” émna ngoluk taniyé réngam ara:lo ludo adído Pobug Pokolok poyirné Ponditpé ila Sumeswor Kuli:bí bojéko ko:ka:ngém poraila lédupé botténé tani:pé imoto.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipok Kr. Dole:|title=MITPANLA:MA:NAM MISING TANI:|pages=23-24|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Onam == Dhemaji mo:dumlok lekeké Sisi Paik mouja:dok Kuli do:lu:do Sumeswor Kuli:mé 1903 dítag dok ainé longékolo otagai. Sumeswor Kuli:ké abudok aminém Memera Kuli odokké anédok aminém Remoti Kuli émtagai. Memera Kuli:ké auwo aumkai. Buluk aminé– Alinath, Sumeswor la: Ukidhor Kuli. == Ponam == == Réngam ager == == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] kyp8wass8ztjevcgtt306pd7fzbsetv 7240665 7240664 2026-07-06T06:26:02Z Mg. Hemchandra Mili 2672630 7240665 wikitext text/x-wiki Pobug pokolok ponditpé ila Mising réngam ara:so se:kobulu ainé aminém pa:la gíka:ji, édé ara:dok ménggappénam amin ako Sumeswor Kuli:ké aminsé. “Ngok auwo pokolo gíyépé, pondiddé po:lo po:lolo dormangém pa:yépé. Ngo okkom pa:yén? Porai ge:mang” émna ngoluk taniyé réngam ara:lo ludo adído Pobug Pokolok poyirné Ponditpé ila Sumeswor Kuli:bí bojéko ko:ka:ngém poraila lédupé botténé tani:pé imoto.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipok Kr. Dole:|title=MITPANLA:MA:NAM MISING TANI:|pages=23-24|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Onam == Dhemaji mo:dumlok lekeké Sisi Paik mouja:dok Kuli do:lu:do Sumeswor Kuli:mé 1903 dítag dok ainé longékolo otagai. Sumeswor Kuli:ké abudok aminém Memera Kuli odokké anédok aminém Remoti Kuli émtagai. Memera Kuli:ké auwo aumkai. Buluk aminé– Alinath, Sumeswor la: Ukidhor Kuli. == Ponam == Aíké do:lung Pobug Pokodo porila lédupé Sumeswor Kuli:bí Normal Guru terningém pa:ska. Anindo bottépé poko okumé kama:la Sumeswor Kuli:bí pobad la:tomang. == Réngam ager == == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] 9a7t0cz0jtlsh8aguloozl85lwfbv53 7240666 7240665 2026-07-06T06:28:46Z Mg. Hemchandra Mili 2672630 7240666 wikitext text/x-wiki Pobug pokolok ponditpé ila Mising réngam ara:so se:kobulu ainé aminém pa:la gíka:ji, édé ara:dok ménggappénam amin ako Sumeswor Kuli:ké aminsé. “Ngok auwo pokolo gíyépé, pondiddé po:lo po:lolo dormangém pa:yépé. Ngo okkom pa:yén? Porai ge:mang” émna ngoluk taniyé réngam ara:lo ludo adído Pobug Pokolok poyirné Ponditpé ila Sumeswor Kuli:bí bojéko ko:ka:ngém poraila lédupé botténé tani:pé imoto.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipok Kr. Dole:|title=MITPANLA:MA:NAM MISING TANI:|pages=23-24|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Onam == Dhemaji mo:dumlok lekeké Sisi Paik mouja:dok Kuli do:lu:do Sumeswor Kuli:mé 1903 dítag dok ainé longékolo otagai. Sumeswor Kuli:ké abudok aminém Memera Kuli odokké anédok aminém Remoti Kuli émtagai. Memera Kuli:ké auwo aumkai. Buluk aminé– Alinath, Sumeswor la: Ukidhor Kuli. == Ponam == Aíké do:lung Pobug Pokodo porila lédupé Sumeswor Kuli:bí Normal Guru terningém pa:ska. Anindo bottépé poko okumé kama:la Sumeswor Kuli:bí pobad la:tomang. == Midang == Édé adídok Mising réngamém pu:po-jarponam légangé Hodou Ohom Miri Honmilon (Mising Ba:né Kébang)dok ardapé ager gerné Korjun Boruah Pe:guké érang ope:dok omé Anondoi Pe:gumé 1924 dítagdo érangé da:ro midangém da:la Sumeswor Kuli:képé la:bika. Bínyikké auwo appi:ko odokké ommé angngokai. Aokídí:dok aminé- Bolin, Bhubon, Prophullo la: Jowahorjyuti Kuli. Omékídí:dé– Akonmoti, Saneki, Lilimai, Ajudhya la: Priyoda bulu. Sumeswor Kuli:ké ao oi Jowahorjyuti Kuli:bí MBBS, MS pa:sla Porphisaré la: kinam ka:né daktor agerém gerka. Dr. Jowahorjyuti Kuli:bí Mising Agom Kéba:lok Kébang abupé ila agom- gomlab pu:po-jarponam agerém ardapé gerboka. Bí bojéko potinémsin atka. == Réngam ager == == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] kunakz7rpgoawrayzm2jy63pdmxqc1n 7240667 7240666 2026-07-06T06:30:45Z Mg. Hemchandra Mili 2672630 7240667 wikitext text/x-wiki Pobug pokolok ponditpé ila Mising réngam ara:so se:kobulu ainé aminém pa:la gíka:ji, édé ara:dok ménggappénam amin ako Sumeswor Kuli:ké aminsé. “Ngok auwo pokolo gíyépé, pondiddé po:lo po:lolo dormangém pa:yépé. Ngo okkom pa:yén? Porai ge:mang” émna ngoluk taniyé réngam ara:lo ludo adído Pobug Pokolok poyirné Ponditpé ila Sumeswor Kuli:bí bojéko ko:ka:ngém poraila lédupé botténé tani:pé imoto.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipok Kr. Dole:|title=MITPANLA:MA:NAM MISING TANI:|pages=23-24|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Onam == Dhemaji mo:dumlok lekeké Sisi Paik mouja:dok Kuli do:lu:do Sumeswor Kuli:mé 1903 dítag dok ainé longékolo otagai. Sumeswor Kuli:ké abudok aminém Memera Kuli odokké anédok aminém Remoti Kuli émtagai. Memera Kuli:ké auwo aumkai. Buluk aminé– Alinath, Sumeswor la: Ukidhor Kuli. == Ponam == Aíké do:lung Pobug Pokodo porila lédupé Sumeswor Kuli:bí Normal Guru terningém pa:ska. Anindo bottépé poko okumé kama:la Sumeswor Kuli:bí pobad la:tomang. == Midang == Édé adídok Mising réngamém pu:po-jarponam légangé Hodou Ohom Miri Honmilon (Mising Ba:né Kébang)dok ardapé ager gerné Korjun Boruah Pe:guké érang ope:dok omé Anondoi Pe:gumé 1924 dítagdo érangé da:ro midangém da:la Sumeswor Kuli:képé la:bika. Bínyikké auwo appi:ko odokké ommé angngokai. Aokídí:dok aminé- Bolin, Bhubon, Prophullo la: Jowahorjyuti Kuli. Omékídí:dé– Akonmoti, Saneki, Lilimai, Ajudhya la: Priyoda bulu. Sumeswor Kuli:ké ao oi Jowahorjyuti Kuli:bí MBBS, MS pa:sla Porphisaré la: kinam ka:né daktor agerém gerka. Dr. Jowahorjyuti Kuli:bí Mising Agom Kéba:lok Kébang abupé ila agom- gomlab pu:po-jarponam agerém ardapé gerboka. Bí bojéko potinémsin atka. == Poyirnépé ager gernam == 1928 dítagdokké Kuli Gau Pobug Pokodok Ponditpé Sumeswor Kuli:ké ila poyirra du:dodém édé pokodém British migomé tolíkka. Napí-naré:pé génam-bomnamém géla, adílok popénam ponamém adílo pomoné, poné ko:ka:ngém aipé lusíng- ka:sí:né Sumeswor Kuli:mé réngamé la: poné ko:ka:ngé aipé mé:tin-ka:tinsula ménggésudungai. Ake ake ané- abu, ko:ka:ngé kene:pé lusí:namém tadla bík kéra:lo:pé gía:pénamém pésodungai. 1950 dítagdok botténé tarémo:tondé Kuli Gau Pobug Poko okumdém tonnyutto. Pondit Sumeswor Kuli:bí édé pokodém Bormukoli Kuli do:lu:do mola ko:ka:ngém poraikaku. 1956 dítagdo édé pokodém Dhunaguri Pobug Pokodok lédulo lékomonam lédupé lekeké amindé yokpakkang. Adí a:la Sumeswor Kuli:bí 1973 dítagdo poyirnépé agerém gerra migom agerém gertérsuka. Migomé bím ‘Aginpé Poyirné’ yamminém bila toyumka. Bolin Kuli, Ohom Ru:bang Mirung Romesh Muhon Kuli: bulu Sumeswor Kuli:ké porainammai. == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] c9mvvkbnwf0sidf61oz63uwf5g4nv5a 7240669 7240667 2026-07-06T06:31:24Z Mg. Hemchandra Mili 2672630 7240669 wikitext text/x-wiki Pobug pokolok ponditpé ila Mising réngam ara:so se:kobulu ainé aminém pa:la gíka:ji, édé ara:dok ménggappénam amin ako Sumeswor Kuli:ké aminsé. “Ngok auwo pokolo gíyépé, pondiddé po:lo po:lolo dormangém pa:yépé. Ngo okkom pa:yén? Porai ge:mang” émna ngoluk taniyé réngam ara:lo ludo adído Pobug Pokolok poyirné Ponditpé ila Sumeswor Kuli:bí bojéko ko:ka:ngém poraila lédupé botténé tani:pé imoto.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipok Kr. Dole:|title=MITPANLA:MA:NAM MISING TANI:|pages=23-24|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Onam == Dhemaji mo:dumlok lekeké Sisi Paik mouja:dok Kuli do:lu:do Sumeswor Kuli:mé 1903 dítag dok ainé longékolo otagai. Sumeswor Kuli:ké abudok aminém Memera Kuli odokké anédok aminém Remoti Kuli émtagai. Memera Kuli:ké auwo aumkai. Buluk aminé– Alinath, Sumeswor la: Ukidhor Kuli. == Ponam == Aíké do:lung Pobug Pokodo porila lédupé Sumeswor Kuli:bí Normal Guru terningém pa:ska. Anindo bottépé poko okumé kama:la Sumeswor Kuli:bí pobad la:tomang. == Midang == Édé adídok Mising réngamém pu:po-jarponam légangé Hodou Ohom Miri Honmilon (Mising Ba:né Kébang)dok ardapé ager gerné Korjun Boruah Pe:guké érang ope:dok omé Anondoi Pe:gumé 1924 dítagdo érangé da:ro midangém da:la Sumeswor Kuli:képé la:bika. Bínyikké auwo appi:ko odokké ommé angngokai. Aokídí:dok aminé- Bolin, Bhubon, Prophullo la: Jowahorjyuti Kuli. Omékídí:dé– Akonmoti, Saneki, Lilimai, Ajudhya la: Priyoda bulu. Sumeswor Kuli:ké ao oi Jowahorjyuti Kuli:bí MBBS, MS pa:sla Porphisaré la: kinam ka:né daktor agerém gerka. Dr. Jowahorjyuti Kuli:bí Mising Agom Kéba:lok Kébang abupé ila agom- gomlab pu:po-jarponam agerém ardapé gerboka. Bí bojéko potinémsin atka. == Poyirnépé ager gernam == 1928 dítagdokké Kuli Gau Pobug Pokodok Ponditpé Sumeswor Kuli:ké ila poyirra du:dodém édé pokodém British migomé tolíkka. Napí-naré:pé génam-bomnamém géla, adílok popénam ponamém adílo pomoné, poné ko:ka:ngém aipé lusíng- ka:sí:né Sumeswor Kuli:mé réngamé la: poné ko:ka:ngé aipé mé:tin-ka:tinsula ménggésudungai. Ake ake ané- abu, ko:ka:ngé kene:pé lusí:namém tadla bík kéra:lo:pé gía:pénamém pésodungai. 1950 dítagdok botténé tarémo:tondé Kuli Gau Pobug Poko okumdém tonnyutto. Pondit Sumeswor Kuli:bí édé pokodém Bormukoli Kuli do:lu:do mola ko:ka:ngém poraikaku. 1956 dítagdo édé pokodém Dhunaguri Pobug Pokodok lédulo lékomonam lédupé lekeké amindé yokpakkang. Adí a:la Sumeswor Kuli:bí 1973 dítagdo poyirnépé agerém gerra migom agerém gertérsuka. Migomé bím ‘Aginpé Poyirné’ yamminém bila toyumka. Bolin Kuli, Ohom Ru:bang Mirung Romesh Muhon Kuli: bulu Sumeswor Kuli:ké porainammai. == Sinam == Aginpé Poyirné Pondit Sumeswor Kuli:bí míjínga:la 1978 dítagdo Bormukoli Kuli do:lu:do érangém, réngamém mépagla Ui amo:pé gíkangku. == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] c1drhgjqr6kfr8uofmzd0i47yyzygsi 0 3782657 7240748 7239228 2026-07-06T08:19:28Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* */ 7240748 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Biruson Bori''' bí Mising réngamlok tatgésunam Mibukoai. Bí Ohom odokké Arunasol Prodesh lok ake-ake mo:dum lo gígo:na tagil ka:nam odokké Mibu dagnam agerém gerdungai. Mibu dagla okum éra:lokké kinam-ramnam a:nam do:yingém kíkan bidungai. Odokké kapé imílo édé kinam-ramdé aiyekuji édém lukanbidungai. == Onam == Bím Lokhimpur mo:leglok O:guri (Putabil) do:lu:lo otagai. Bík ane-abu aminé posum Bogamol Bori odokké Ko:dén Bori. Binnyekké aoé annyiko odokké ome akoai. Odokbuluk Biruson Bori bí abí:né aoai. == Porinam == Bí Lokhimpur Tawon M. V. iskullo porika. Odo:boi bím Mibupé imonam léga:pé bím irné uyu kídaré gíbodungakui émna kinna:do. Kinnampé bím Lokhimpur Tawon lok rékampé du:né Homdiri anélo:pé bím irné uyu kídaré gíbonagkuna Mibu lok atí-atí do:yingém lukai gíkai dungai. == Okum rínggong == Bíkké yamnédok aminé Bharoti Bori. Buluké ao-ome kídardé - Urmila, Bogidoi, Jugonath, Kiron, Thunu, Ratna Kumar, Bhaigyobwoti (Susu) odokké Nilima (Sumai). == Réngam ager éla: Mibu A:bang== Bí Mising réngamké pu:po-jarpona du:nam léga:pé aipé mé:mi:nékai. Édémí:pina, kapé imílo Mising réngamlo kinam-ramnamé a:ma:yeji odokbuluk do:yingém Mibu ilam-gerlam ki réngamém lukanbidungai.Bíkké Mibu a:bangém mosí:na ménam léga:pé dítag 1968 do agom migang Taburam Taid odokké Nahendro Pa:dun binnye All India Radio, Guwahati lo recordingém moka. Mibu Biruson Bori: gognam Mibu a:bangékké lukantung - == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == <ref>1. Abhijit Pa:yeng (Luposuné), Gubindo Noro, Nébíng, 2001, Kangkin, Tamténg-, Uttor Lokhimpur Kangkin Kébang Moí:rnam, Lokhimpur</ref> [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] s99cedu3ln8wsg200i7umgy276ckuhh 7240749 7240748 2026-07-06T08:19:48Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* */ 7240749 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Biruson Bori''' bí Mising réngamlok tatgésunam Mibukoai. Bí Ohom odokké Arunasol Prodesh lok ake-ake mo:dum lo gígo:na tagil ka:nam odokké Mibu dagnam agerém gerdungai. Mibu dagla okum éra:lokké kinam-ramnam a:nam do:yingém kíkan bidungai. Odokké kapé imílo édé kinam-ramnamdé aiyekuji édém lukanbidungai. == Onam == Bím Lokhimpur mo:leglok O:guri (Putabil) do:lu:lo otagai. Bík ane-abu aminé posum Bogamol Bori odokké Ko:dén Bori. Binnyekké aoé annyiko odokké ome akoai. Odokbuluk Biruson Bori bí abí:né aoai. == Porinam == Bí Lokhimpur Tawon M. V. iskullo porika. Odo:boi bím Mibupé imonam léga:pé bím irné uyu kídaré gíbodungakui émna kinna:do. Kinnampé bím Lokhimpur Tawon lok rékampé du:né Homdiri anélo:pé bím irné uyu kídaré gíbonagkuna Mibu lok atí-atí do:yingém lukai gíkai dungai. == Okum rínggong == Bíkké yamnédok aminé Bharoti Bori. Buluké ao-ome kídardé - Urmila, Bogidoi, Jugonath, Kiron, Thunu, Ratna Kumar, Bhaigyobwoti (Susu) odokké Nilima (Sumai). == Réngam ager éla: Mibu A:bang== Bí Mising réngamké pu:po-jarpona du:nam léga:pé aipé mé:mi:nékai. Édémí:pina, kapé imílo Mising réngamlo kinam-ramnamé a:ma:yeji odokbuluk do:yingém Mibu ilam-gerlam ki réngamém lukanbidungai.Bíkké Mibu a:bangém mosí:na ménam léga:pé dítag 1968 do agom migang Taburam Taid odokké Nahendro Pa:dun binnye All India Radio, Guwahati lo recordingém moka. Mibu Biruson Bori: gognam Mibu a:bangékké lukantung - == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == <ref>1. Abhijit Pa:yeng (Luposuné), Gubindo Noro, Nébíng, 2001, Kangkin, Tamténg-, Uttor Lokhimpur Kangkin Kébang Moí:rnam, Lokhimpur</ref> [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] ctnd67h2cpnt1nwjxmd9pc80x8iiscj 7240751 7240749 2026-07-06T08:24:11Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Porinam */ 7240751 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Biruson Bori''' bí Mising réngamlok tatgésunam Mibukoai. Bí Ohom odokké Arunasol Prodesh lok ake-ake mo:dum lo gígo:na tagil ka:nam odokké Mibu dagnam agerém gerdungai. Mibu dagla okum éra:lokké kinam-ramnam a:nam do:yingém kíkan bidungai. Odokké kapé imílo édé kinam-ramnamdé aiyekuji édém lukanbidungai. == Onam == Bím Lokhimpur mo:leglok O:guri (Putabil) do:lu:lo otagai. Bík ane-abu aminé posum Bogamol Bori odokké Ko:dén Bori. Binnyekké aoé annyiko odokké ome akoai. Odokbuluk Biruson Bori bí abí:né aoai. == Porinam == Kinnampé bí Lokhimpur Tawon M. V. iskullo porika. Odo:boi bím Mibupé imonam léga:pé bím irné uyu kídaré gíbodungakui émna kinna:do. Kinnampé bím Lokhimpur Tawon lok rékampé du:né Homdiri a:nélo:pé bím irné uyu kídaré gíbonangkuna Mibu lok atí-atí do:yingém a:né asi ara:lo durbutsuna du:mona lukai gíkai dungai. == Okum rínggong == Bíkké yamnédok aminé Bharoti Bori. Buluké ao-ome kídardé - Urmila, Bogidoi, Jugonath, Kiron, Thunu, Ratna Kumar, Bhaigyobwoti (Susu) odokké Nilima (Sumai). == Réngam ager éla: Mibu A:bang== Bí Mising réngamké pu:po-jarpona du:nam léga:pé aipé mé:mi:nékai. Édémí:pina, kapé imílo Mising réngamlo kinam-ramnamé a:ma:yeji odokbuluk do:yingém Mibu ilam-gerlam ki réngamém lukanbidungai.Bíkké Mibu a:bangém mosí:na ménam léga:pé dítag 1968 do agom migang Taburam Taid odokké Nahendro Pa:dun binnye All India Radio, Guwahati lo recordingém moka. Mibu Biruson Bori: gognam Mibu a:bangékké lukantung - == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == <ref>1. Abhijit Pa:yeng (Luposuné), Gubindo Noro, Nébíng, 2001, Kangkin, Tamténg-, Uttor Lokhimpur Kangkin Kébang Moí:rnam, Lokhimpur</ref> [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] 4ozgj3dvso38ydh9lf9mwgksm2hdwiv 7240753 7240751 2026-07-06T08:26:25Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Réngam ager éla: Mibu A:bang */ 7240753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Biruson Bori''' bí Mising réngamlok tatgésunam Mibukoai. Bí Ohom odokké Arunasol Prodesh lok ake-ake mo:dum lo gígo:na tagil ka:nam odokké Mibu dagnam agerém gerdungai. Mibu dagla okum éra:lokké kinam-ramnam a:nam do:yingém kíkan bidungai. Odokké kapé imílo édé kinam-ramnamdé aiyekuji édém lukanbidungai. == Onam == Bím Lokhimpur mo:leglok O:guri (Putabil) do:lu:lo otagai. Bík ane-abu aminé posum Bogamol Bori odokké Ko:dén Bori. Binnyekké aoé annyiko odokké ome akoai. Odokbuluk Biruson Bori bí abí:né aoai. == Porinam == Kinnampé bí Lokhimpur Tawon M. V. iskullo porika. Odo:boi bím Mibupé imonam léga:pé bím irné uyu kídaré gíbodungakui émna kinna:do. Kinnampé bím Lokhimpur Tawon lok rékampé du:né Homdiri a:nélo:pé bím irné uyu kídaré gíbonangkuna Mibu lok atí-atí do:yingém a:né asi ara:lo durbutsuna du:mona lukai gíkai dungai. == Okum rínggong == Bíkké yamnédok aminé Bharoti Bori. Buluké ao-ome kídardé - Urmila, Bogidoi, Jugonath, Kiron, Thunu, Ratna Kumar, Bhaigyobwoti (Susu) odokké Nilima (Sumai). == Réngam ager éla: Mibu A:bang== Bí Mising réngamké pu:po-jarpona du:nam léga:pé aipé mé:mi:nékai. Édémí:pina, kapé imílo Mising réngamlo kinam-ramnamé a:ma:yeji odokbuluk do:yingém Mibu ilam-gerlam ki réngamém lukanbidungai.Bíkké Mibu a:bangém mosí:na ménam léga:pé dítag 1968 do agom migang Taburam Taid odokké Nahendro Pa:dun binnye All India Radio, Guwahati lo recordingém moka. Mibu Biruson Bori:ké gognam Mibu a:bangékké lukantung - == Sinam == == Ka:yi:sunam == <ref>1. Abhijit Pa:yeng (Luposuné), Gubindo Noro, Nébíng, 2001, Kangkin, Tamténg-, Uttor Lokhimpur Kangkin Kébang Moí:rnam, Lokhimpur</ref> [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] dlocwy5ps6nw21xrqgr4jle0hrj36hw 2 3783689 7240174 7230491 2026-07-05T13:23:35Z Microko 2583897 7240174 wikitext text/x-wiki Plantillas, cotores... ye Wikipedia on Angliscanó lachardas pre a Wikipedia on Caló ===Plantillas=== Clear: Clandipén Db-g8: Db-g8 Documentation: Sichardipén First word: Lao brotobó Main other: Aver baró Ombox: Aver caja ye penipén Other uses: Aver usos Pagetype: Sila ye lil Preloaded template: Plantilla chibada anglal Preload notice: Aviso ye chibipén anglal Red: Laló SDcat (Short Description cat): PChcat (Penipén Chinorrí cat) Short description: Penipén chinorrí Sandbox other: Aver pruebas Space: Espacio Test case: Caso ye prueba Testcases notice: Aviso ye aver pruebas Testcases other: Aver pruebas Trim: Chinar ===Cotores=== Arguments: Chibipenes Category handler: Lachardador ye categorías Check for unknown parameters: Dicar parámetros najanés Documentation: Sichardipén Error: Marfida Hatnote: Aviso ye sheró Hatnote list: Lista ye aviso ye sheró If preview: Si dikipén anglal Message box: Caja ye penipén Namespace detect: Dicar lugar Pagetype: Sila ye lil String: Dori Wikitext Parsing: Diquipén ye wikitexto Yesno: Unguena ===Categorías=== Pages using short description with unknown parameters: Liles sar penipén chinorrí y parámetros najanés Pages with empty short description: Liles sar penipén chinorrí nanje Pages with lower-case short description: Liles sar penipén chinorrí on minúsculas ... with long short description: ... sar penipén chinorrí lunga ... with short description: ... sar penipén chinorrí Wikipedia preloaded templates: Plantillas ye Wikipedia sar chibipén anglal ===Sufijos=== /blacklist: /lista chorrí /configuration: /lachardipén /data: /tachipenes /disambiguation: /desambiguación /mirror: /diclarí /rfd: /myn (/manguelipén ye najabar) /setindex: /lista ye ajunipén /shared: /ajunao /softredirect: /lidiapén bujurí ===Abrevios y laos clave=== doc: sic 29kzw1eeerb53q20crd8l829tqahoop 0 3784160 7240135 7232011 2026-07-05T12:30:08Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 /* */ 7240135 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Es Brenebon''' adolah hidangan es has [[:id:Manado|Manado]], [[:id:Sulawesi_Utara|Sulawesi Utara]] yang bahan utamonyo kacang merah. Kato "Brenebon" dewek bearti ''bruine bonen'' (kacang cokelat atau merah) yang berasal dari [[:id:Bahasa_Belanda|bahaso Belando]]. Masuknyo kacang merah (''[[:id:Phaseolus_vulgaris|Phaseolus vulgaris]]'') ko awalnyo berasal dari Amerika ksudah tu dibawa ke Eropa pas abad ke-16 oleh penjelajah asal Spanyol, sudah tu ahirnyo menyebar ke Indonesia lewat [[:id:VOC|VOC]] Belando sejak tahun 1600-an. <ref>{{Wp/jax/Cite web|last=Admin|date=2019-03-16|title=Asal Usul Sup Brenebon - Kelung|url=https://kelung.id/asal-usul-sup-brenebon/|language=en-US|access-date=2026-01-18}}</ref> Di kota Manado, brenebon awalnyo dikenal dengan sup kacang gurih dengan isian daging sapi atau babi, sudah tu beberapo waktu beadaptasi jadi idangan es. Idangan ko biasanyo jadi idangan favorit masarakat pas siang ari pas cuaca panas soalnyo mage sensasi dingin yang nyegari. karno tu, es ko mudah dijumpoi di rumah makan, warung pinggir jalan, atau dibuat dewek di rumah karno resepnyo yang sedehana. <ref>{{Wp/jax/Cite web|title=Es Brenebon, Kacang Merah Khas Manado yang Menyegarkan|url=https://indonesiakaya.com/pustaka-indonesia/es-brenebon-kacang-merah-khas-manado-yang-menyegarkan/|website=Indonesia Kaya|access-date=2026-01-18}}</ref> Es Brenebon berisi kacang merah yang direbus lunak, sudah tu diidang dengan es serut, sirup, [[:id:Susu_kental_manis|susu kental manis]], coklat sampe jadi idangan yang gurih. Selain nyegari, idangan ko tekenal kayo nutrisi karno ngandung beberapo manfaat macam kalsium, zat besi dan protein nabati untuk nyago stamina tubuh di tengah panas. rhos49lfslm71s5gn202cbtydeijjws 7240137 7240135 2026-07-05T12:30:34Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q137816648]] 7240137 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Es Brenebon''' adolah hidangan es has [[:id:Manado|Manado]], [[:id:Sulawesi_Utara|Sulawesi Utara]] yang bahan utamonyo kacang merah. Kato "Brenebon" dewek bearti ''bruine bonen'' (kacang cokelat atau merah) yang berasal dari [[:id:Bahasa_Belanda|bahaso Belando]]. Masuknyo kacang merah (''[[:id:Phaseolus_vulgaris|Phaseolus vulgaris]]'') ko awalnyo berasal dari Amerika ksudah tu dibawa ke Eropa pas abad ke-16 oleh penjelajah asal Spanyol, sudah tu ahirnyo menyebar ke Indonesia lewat [[:id:VOC|VOC]] Belando sejak tahun 1600-an. <ref>{{Wp/jax/Cite web|last=Admin|date=2019-03-16|title=Asal Usul Sup Brenebon - Kelung|url=https://kelung.id/asal-usul-sup-brenebon/|language=en-US|access-date=2026-01-18}}</ref> Di kota Manado, brenebon awalnyo dikenal dengan sup kacang gurih dengan isian daging sapi atau babi, sudah tu beberapo waktu beadaptasi jadi idangan es. Idangan ko biasanyo jadi idangan favorit masarakat pas siang ari pas cuaca panas soalnyo mage sensasi dingin yang nyegari. karno tu, es ko mudah dijumpoi di rumah makan, warung pinggir jalan, atau dibuat dewek di rumah karno resepnyo yang sedehana. <ref>{{Wp/jax/Cite web|title=Es Brenebon, Kacang Merah Khas Manado yang Menyegarkan|url=https://indonesiakaya.com/pustaka-indonesia/es-brenebon-kacang-merah-khas-manado-yang-menyegarkan/|website=Indonesia Kaya|access-date=2026-01-18}}</ref> Es Brenebon berisi kacang merah yang direbus lunak, sudah tu diidang dengan es serut, sirup, [[:id:Susu_kental_manis|susu kental manis]], coklat sampe jadi idangan yang gurih. Selain nyegari, idangan ko tekenal kayo nutrisi karno ngandung beberapo manfaat macam kalsium, zat besi dan protein nabati untuk nyago stamina tubuh di tengah panas. {{INTERWIKI|Q137816648}} agb5cyboxpfymhcrvoeqnz8uagcml5g 7240138 7240137 2026-07-05T12:30:58Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Muhamad Izzul Fiqih moved page [[Wp/jax/Es Brenebon]] to [[Wp/jax/Es brenebon]]: Namo jenis, jadi dak perlu hurup besak 7240137 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Es Brenebon''' adolah hidangan es has [[:id:Manado|Manado]], [[:id:Sulawesi_Utara|Sulawesi Utara]] yang bahan utamonyo kacang merah. Kato "Brenebon" dewek bearti ''bruine bonen'' (kacang cokelat atau merah) yang berasal dari [[:id:Bahasa_Belanda|bahaso Belando]]. Masuknyo kacang merah (''[[:id:Phaseolus_vulgaris|Phaseolus vulgaris]]'') ko awalnyo berasal dari Amerika ksudah tu dibawa ke Eropa pas abad ke-16 oleh penjelajah asal Spanyol, sudah tu ahirnyo menyebar ke Indonesia lewat [[:id:VOC|VOC]] Belando sejak tahun 1600-an. <ref>{{Wp/jax/Cite web|last=Admin|date=2019-03-16|title=Asal Usul Sup Brenebon - Kelung|url=https://kelung.id/asal-usul-sup-brenebon/|language=en-US|access-date=2026-01-18}}</ref> Di kota Manado, brenebon awalnyo dikenal dengan sup kacang gurih dengan isian daging sapi atau babi, sudah tu beberapo waktu beadaptasi jadi idangan es. Idangan ko biasanyo jadi idangan favorit masarakat pas siang ari pas cuaca panas soalnyo mage sensasi dingin yang nyegari. karno tu, es ko mudah dijumpoi di rumah makan, warung pinggir jalan, atau dibuat dewek di rumah karno resepnyo yang sedehana. <ref>{{Wp/jax/Cite web|title=Es Brenebon, Kacang Merah Khas Manado yang Menyegarkan|url=https://indonesiakaya.com/pustaka-indonesia/es-brenebon-kacang-merah-khas-manado-yang-menyegarkan/|website=Indonesia Kaya|access-date=2026-01-18}}</ref> Es Brenebon berisi kacang merah yang direbus lunak, sudah tu diidang dengan es serut, sirup, [[:id:Susu_kental_manis|susu kental manis]], coklat sampe jadi idangan yang gurih. Selain nyegari, idangan ko tekenal kayo nutrisi karno ngandung beberapo manfaat macam kalsium, zat besi dan protein nabati untuk nyago stamina tubuh di tengah panas. {{INTERWIKI|Q137816648}} agb5cyboxpfymhcrvoeqnz8uagcml5g 7240140 7240138 2026-07-05T12:31:34Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 /* */ 7240140 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Es Brenebon''' adolah hidangan es has [[:id:Manado|Manado]], [[:id:Sulawesi_Utara|Sulawesi Utara]] yang bahan utamonyo kacang merah. Kato "Brenebon" dewek bearti ''bruine bonen'' (kacang cokelat atau merah) yang berasal dari [[:id:Bahasa_Belanda|bahaso Belando]]. Masuknyo kacang merah (''[[:id:Phaseolus_vulgaris|Phaseolus vulgaris]]'') ko awalnyo berasal dari Amerika ksudah tu dibawa ke Eropa pas abad ke-16 oleh penjelajah asal Spanyol, sudah tu ahirnyo menyebar ke Indonesia lewat [[:id:VOC|VOC]] Belando sejak tahun 1600-an. <ref>{{Wp/jax/Cite web|last=Admin|date=2019-03-16|title=Asal Usul Sup Brenebon - Kelung|url=https://kelung.id/asal-usul-sup-brenebon/|language=en-US|access-date=2026-01-18}}</ref> Di kota Manado, brenebon awalnyo dikenal dengan sup kacang gurih dengan isian daging sapi atau babi, sudah tu beberapo waktu beadaptasi jadi idangan es. Idangan ko biasanyo jadi idangan favorit masarakat pas siang ari pas cuaca panas soalnyo mage sensasi dingin yang nyegari. karno tu, es ko mudah dijumpoi di rumah makan, warung pinggir jalan, atau dibuat dewek di rumah karno resepnyo yang sedehana. <ref>{{Wp/jax/Cite web|title=Es Brenebon, Kacang Merah Khas Manado yang Menyegarkan|url=https://indonesiakaya.com/pustaka-indonesia/es-brenebon-kacang-merah-khas-manado-yang-menyegarkan/|website=Indonesia Kaya|access-date=2026-01-18}}</ref> Es Brenebon berisi kacang merah yang direbus lunak, sudah tu diidang dengan es serut, sirup, [[:id:Susu_kental_manis|susu kental manis]], coklat sampe jadi idangan yang gurih. Selain nyegari, idangan ko tekenal kayo nutrisi karno ngandung beberapo manfaat macam kalsium, zat besi dan protein nabati untuk nyago stamina tubuh di tengah panas. ==Daptar pustako== {{INTERWIKI|Q137816648}} j29wch070i4dxo1r39mgayw69gdflap 7240141 7240140 2026-07-05T12:32:08Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wp/jax/Idangan]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240141 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Es Brenebon''' adolah hidangan es has [[:id:Manado|Manado]], [[:id:Sulawesi_Utara|Sulawesi Utara]] yang bahan utamonyo kacang merah. Kato "Brenebon" dewek bearti ''bruine bonen'' (kacang cokelat atau merah) yang berasal dari [[:id:Bahasa_Belanda|bahaso Belando]]. Masuknyo kacang merah (''[[:id:Phaseolus_vulgaris|Phaseolus vulgaris]]'') ko awalnyo berasal dari Amerika ksudah tu dibawa ke Eropa pas abad ke-16 oleh penjelajah asal Spanyol, sudah tu ahirnyo menyebar ke Indonesia lewat [[:id:VOC|VOC]] Belando sejak tahun 1600-an. <ref>{{Wp/jax/Cite web|last=Admin|date=2019-03-16|title=Asal Usul Sup Brenebon - Kelung|url=https://kelung.id/asal-usul-sup-brenebon/|language=en-US|access-date=2026-01-18}}</ref> Di kota Manado, brenebon awalnyo dikenal dengan sup kacang gurih dengan isian daging sapi atau babi, sudah tu beberapo waktu beadaptasi jadi idangan es. Idangan ko biasanyo jadi idangan favorit masarakat pas siang ari pas cuaca panas soalnyo mage sensasi dingin yang nyegari. karno tu, es ko mudah dijumpoi di rumah makan, warung pinggir jalan, atau dibuat dewek di rumah karno resepnyo yang sedehana. <ref>{{Wp/jax/Cite web|title=Es Brenebon, Kacang Merah Khas Manado yang Menyegarkan|url=https://indonesiakaya.com/pustaka-indonesia/es-brenebon-kacang-merah-khas-manado-yang-menyegarkan/|website=Indonesia Kaya|access-date=2026-01-18}}</ref> Es Brenebon berisi kacang merah yang direbus lunak, sudah tu diidang dengan es serut, sirup, [[:id:Susu_kental_manis|susu kental manis]], coklat sampe jadi idangan yang gurih. Selain nyegari, idangan ko tekenal kayo nutrisi karno ngandung beberapo manfaat macam kalsium, zat besi dan protein nabati untuk nyago stamina tubuh di tengah panas. ==Daptar pustako== {{INTERWIKI|Q137816648}} [[Category:Wp/jax/Idangan]] 1yxetmmfvb0g2ii6unz7zptqfs8fz0q 0 3784168 7240133 7232034 2026-07-05T12:28:59Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wp/jax/Idangan]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240133 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sambal rica iris''' adolah salah sikok sambal has dari Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Rasanyo yang pedas, gurih, dan punyo aroma has yang ngugah selero, muat sambal rica iris ko tekenal bahkan diluar Manado. Rica dalam bahaso Manado artinyo pedas yang sering dihubungkan jugo dengan ungkapan "mulut rica-rica" untuk nunjukan orang dengan kebiasaan becakap dengan kato-kato pedas. Tebuat dari macam-macam rempah, campuran cabe, dan bumbu-bumbu penyedap lainnyo. Mencampurkan macam-macam rempah sampe menghasilkan raso pedas yang has, sedikit asam, dan aroma yang ngugugah selero. Sambal rica iris biasayo dipadukan dengan makanan macam ikan, ayam, bebek, bahkan seafood. Namun, sambal rica - rica biso dinikmati jadi cocolan atau pelengkap idangan lain. Sambal rica iris jugo dikenal sebagai ''dabu-dabu lilang'' yang dibedakan oleh teknik pengolahan bahannyo yang diiris, bukan diulek. Istilah ''dabu-dabu'' merujuk pado sambal, sementaro ''lilang'' berarti dipotong atau diiris. Dengan demikian, dabu-dabu lilang dapat diartikan sebagai sambal yang diolah dari bahan-bahan yang dipotong-potong tdengan idal melalui proses penghalusan, serta aroma segar yang menjadi ciri hasnyo [[Category:Wp/jax/Idangan]] j2vd8rnq27dg3u01m0v61lkxyhrvrn0 7240134 7240133 2026-07-05T12:29:26Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q137834536]] 7240134 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sambal rica iris''' adolah salah sikok sambal has dari Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Rasanyo yang pedas, gurih, dan punyo aroma has yang ngugah selero, muat sambal rica iris ko tekenal bahkan diluar Manado. Rica dalam bahaso Manado artinyo pedas yang sering dihubungkan jugo dengan ungkapan "mulut rica-rica" untuk nunjukan orang dengan kebiasaan becakap dengan kato-kato pedas. Tebuat dari macam-macam rempah, campuran cabe, dan bumbu-bumbu penyedap lainnyo. Mencampurkan macam-macam rempah sampe menghasilkan raso pedas yang has, sedikit asam, dan aroma yang ngugugah selero. Sambal rica iris biasayo dipadukan dengan makanan macam ikan, ayam, bebek, bahkan seafood. Namun, sambal rica - rica biso dinikmati jadi cocolan atau pelengkap idangan lain. Sambal rica iris jugo dikenal sebagai ''dabu-dabu lilang'' yang dibedakan oleh teknik pengolahan bahannyo yang diiris, bukan diulek. Istilah ''dabu-dabu'' merujuk pado sambal, sementaro ''lilang'' berarti dipotong atau diiris. Dengan demikian, dabu-dabu lilang dapat diartikan sebagai sambal yang diolah dari bahan-bahan yang dipotong-potong tdengan idal melalui proses penghalusan, serta aroma segar yang menjadi ciri hasnyo [[Category:Wp/jax/Idangan]] {{INTERWIKI|Q137834536}} o9yj5fehkn6ijazkyus9g751aqy9wov 0 3784173 7240129 7232300 2026-07-05T12:27:04Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q139816855]] 7240129 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soto Krandegan''' adolah salah satu makanan khas Banjarnegara. Tampilan dari Soto Krandegan ko mirip dengan opor. Tapi pas dinikmati rasanyo jauh beda. Soto krandegan dibuat dari campuran kuah kuning dengan santan yang dicampur dengan tulang-tulang dan daging sapi. Soto krandegan sering diidangkan dengan ketupat yang diguyur kuah santan dan ditambah toge, irisan daun bawang, bawang goreng, serta irisan daging sapi == Ciri has == Soto Khas dari Banjarnegara yang banyak dikenal dengan Soto Krandegan iko adolah soto yang unik. Beda dengan Soto Banjar dan Soto Sokaraja yang dicampur dengan kuah bening dan kacang tanah, atau Soto Grombyang yang bewarno itam pekat karno tambahan kluwek, ataupun Soto Bangkong karno kuah beningnyo, bedo jugo dengan Soto Kudus yang has dengan daging kerbonyo. Soto Banjarnegara bekuah kuning sekilas mirip dengan opor, tapi pas nyubo rasanyo, soto ko jauh beda dengan opor. Campuran kuah kuning yang dicampur santan dan direbus dengan tulang-tulang serto daging sapi yang nambah gurih dari soto. Soto Krandegan kebanyaan diidang dengan irisan ketupat yang disiram kuah santan kuning, sudah tu ditambahi toge mudo, irisan daun bawang, bawang goreng, kerupuk, dan yang utamo adolah daging sapi yang sudah direbus samo kuah soto itu. Bagi pecinto pedas, Soto Krandegan dapat dinikmati dengan nambah sambal di dalam kuah sotonyo. {{INTERWIKI|Q139816855}} dtonq9vs502q0axjmglxktkb0m1t09s 7240130 7240129 2026-07-05T12:27:34Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wp/jax/Idangan]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240130 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soto Krandegan''' adolah salah satu makanan khas Banjarnegara. Tampilan dari Soto Krandegan ko mirip dengan opor. Tapi pas dinikmati rasanyo jauh beda. Soto krandegan dibuat dari campuran kuah kuning dengan santan yang dicampur dengan tulang-tulang dan daging sapi. Soto krandegan sering diidangkan dengan ketupat yang diguyur kuah santan dan ditambah toge, irisan daun bawang, bawang goreng, serta irisan daging sapi == Ciri has == Soto Khas dari Banjarnegara yang banyak dikenal dengan Soto Krandegan iko adolah soto yang unik. Beda dengan Soto Banjar dan Soto Sokaraja yang dicampur dengan kuah bening dan kacang tanah, atau Soto Grombyang yang bewarno itam pekat karno tambahan kluwek, ataupun Soto Bangkong karno kuah beningnyo, bedo jugo dengan Soto Kudus yang has dengan daging kerbonyo. Soto Banjarnegara bekuah kuning sekilas mirip dengan opor, tapi pas nyubo rasanyo, soto ko jauh beda dengan opor. Campuran kuah kuning yang dicampur santan dan direbus dengan tulang-tulang serto daging sapi yang nambah gurih dari soto. Soto Krandegan kebanyaan diidang dengan irisan ketupat yang disiram kuah santan kuning, sudah tu ditambahi toge mudo, irisan daun bawang, bawang goreng, kerupuk, dan yang utamo adolah daging sapi yang sudah direbus samo kuah soto itu. Bagi pecinto pedas, Soto Krandegan dapat dinikmati dengan nambah sambal di dalam kuah sotonyo. {{INTERWIKI|Q139816855}} [[Category:Wp/jax/Idangan]] 3gk15zz6a87yovg9ikgc3i18nyfwbc5 0 3784174 7240127 7232060 2026-07-05T12:25:26Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wp/jax/Idangan]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240127 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pepes mlanding teri''' adolah makanan tradisional has dari daerah Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Jawo Tengah.<ref /> Makanan ko pepes ikan teri yang dicampur dengan bumbu rempah has, kelapo parut dan biji ''mlanding'' yang dibungkus dengan daun pisang. Makanan ko rasonyo gurih, pedas dan asin. Pepes mlanding teri ko punyo aroma harum yang khas yang muncul dari rempah dan daun pisang.<ref /> == Penyajian == Pepes mlanding teri useringnyo diidang jadi lauk pendamping nasi dengan sayur, sambal dan lalapan.^{&#x5B;''butuh rujukan''&#x5D;} == Nilai Gizi == Pepes mlanding teri ngandung sumber protein yang berasal dari ikan teri dan biji mlanding, jugo memiliki kandungan serat dari bahan nabati yang dipake, salah sikoknyo kelapo parut. Proses masaknyo dengan caro dikukus jadi kandungan gizi dari bahan makanan relatif lebih tejago.<ref /> [[Category:Wp/jax/Idangan]] 7c7q7ec4qk69ndzpykq5idoot3x2cel 7240128 7240127 2026-07-05T12:26:15Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q139585819]] 7240128 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pepes mlanding teri''' adolah makanan tradisional has dari daerah Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Jawo Tengah.<ref /> Makanan ko pepes ikan teri yang dicampur dengan bumbu rempah has, kelapo parut dan biji ''mlanding'' yang dibungkus dengan daun pisang. Makanan ko rasonyo gurih, pedas dan asin. Pepes mlanding teri ko punyo aroma harum yang khas yang muncul dari rempah dan daun pisang.<ref /> == Penyajian == Pepes mlanding teri useringnyo diidang jadi lauk pendamping nasi dengan sayur, sambal dan lalapan.^{&#x5B;''butuh rujukan''&#x5D;} == Nilai Gizi == Pepes mlanding teri ngandung sumber protein yang berasal dari ikan teri dan biji mlanding, jugo memiliki kandungan serat dari bahan nabati yang dipake, salah sikoknyo kelapo parut. Proses masaknyo dengan caro dikukus jadi kandungan gizi dari bahan makanan relatif lebih tejago.<ref /> [[Category:Wp/jax/Idangan]] {{INTERWIKI|Q139585819}} 9bfz0rdh010rf857ij5c5b3tn0ike4r 10 3784391 7240636 7236687 2026-07-06T04:46:39Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240636 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ယှာဖွီပါ''' [[:Category:Wt/rki/ဘာသာစကားတိ အားနုန်း|ဘာသာစကားတိ အားနုန်း]] <p style="line-height: 110%"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> [[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/က|က]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ခ|ခ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဂ|ဂ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဃ|ဃ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/င|င]] ,[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/စ|စ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဆ|ဆ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဇ|ဇ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဈ|ဈ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဉ|ဉ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ည|ည]] ,[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဋ|ဋ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဌ|ဌ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဍ|ဍ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဎ|ဎ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဏ|ဏ]] ,[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/တ|တ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ထ|ထ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဒ|ဒ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဓ|ဓ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/န|န]],<br> [[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ပ|ပ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဖ|ဖ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဗ|ဗ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဘ|ဘ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/မ|မ]] ,[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ယ|ယ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ရ|ရ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/လ|လ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဝ|ဝ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/သ|သ]] ,[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဟ|ဟ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဠ|ဠ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/အ|အ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဣ|ဣ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဤ|ဤ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဥ|ဥ]],[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဧ|ဧ]] ,[[Special:Allpages/Wt/rki/ဩ|ဩ]] </span></p> |- <noinclude> [[Category:Wt/rki/ပင်မစာမျက်နှာ တမ်းပလက်တိ]] [[Category:Wt/rki/]] </noinclude> 533huzooqws0y5dbd62vhqdph7j72cj 14 3784409 7240699 7239914 2026-07-06T07:37:10Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q30430398]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240699 wikitext text/x-wiki ဘာသာစကားတိ အားနုန်း [[Category:Wt/rki/ပင်မကဏ္ဍ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q30430398}} 7yeemcmg49bboiy38749aw0if1xh2pk 14 3784625 7240713 7236698 2026-07-06T07:53:25Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240713 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/ဘာသာစကားတိ အားနုန်း]] {{INTERWIKI|Q105714756}} em2iak2cl1m87w0t8v5ox3dizi33khp 14 3784759 7240692 7239912 2026-07-06T07:13:56Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{INTERWIKI|Q1281}} hahjgfdlkin2lnvn0chadu6jyxp6c62 828 3784765 7240207 7234084 2026-07-05T13:55:03Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240207 Scribunto text/plain local debug_track_module = "Module:Wt/rki/debug/track" local table_get_metamethod_module = "Module:Wt/rki/table/getMetamethod" local require = require local type = type local function debug_track(...) debug_track = require(debug_track_module) return debug_track(...) end local function get_metamethod(...) get_metamethod = require(table_get_metamethod_module) return get_metamethod(...) end --[==[ Return {true} if the input is a function or functor (an object which can be called like a function, because it has a {__call} metamethod). Note: if the input is an object with a {__call} metamethod, but this function is not able to find it because the object's metatable is protected with {__metatable}, then it will return {false} by default, or {nil} if the {allow_maybe} flag is set.]==] return function(obj, allow_maybe) if type(obj) == "function" then return true end -- An object is callable if it has a __call metamethod, so try to get it -- with get_metamethod(). local success, __call = get_metamethod(obj, "__call") -- If this succeeds, `obj` will only be callable if the __call metamethod is -- a function (i.e. it can't itself be a callable table), so don't recurse -- to check it. if __call and type(__call) == "function" then return true -- If not, then the metatable is protected, so it's not possible to know if -- `obj` is callable without actually calling it. elseif not success then debug_track("fun/isCallable/protected metatable") if allow_maybe then return nil end end return false end qvv1yso8kl55zphzyegx9o3gxqpnfgc 828 3784766 7240210 7236682 2026-07-05T13:57:40Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240210 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local languages_module = "Module:Wt/rki/languages" local maintenance_category_module = "Module:Wt/rki/maintenance category" local string_compare_module = "Module:Wt/rki/string/compare" local string_decode_entities_module = "Module:Wt/rki/string/decodeEntities" local string_remove_comments_module = "Module:Wt/rki/string/removeComments" local string_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/rki/string utilities" local table_module = "Module:Wt/rki/table" local template_parser_module = "Module:Wt/rki/template parser" local mw = mw local string = string local table = table local ustring = mw.ustring local concat = table.concat local find = string.find local format = string.format local gsub = string.gsub local insert = table.insert local load_data = mw.loadData local match = string.match local new_title = mw.title.new local pairs = pairs local require = require local sub = string.sub local toNFC = ustring.toNFC local toNFD = ustring.toNFD local ugsub = ustring.gsub local function class_else_type(...) class_else_type = require(template_parser_module).class_else_type return class_else_type(...) end local function decode_entities(...) decode_entities = require(string_decode_entities_module) return decode_entities(...) end local function encode_entities(...) encode_entities = require(string_utilities_module).encode_entities return encode_entities(...) end local function get_category(...) get_category = require(maintenance_category_module).get_category return get_category(...) end local function get_lang(...) get_lang = require(languages_module).getByCode return get_lang(...) end local function list_to_set(...) list_to_set = require(table_module).listToSet return list_to_set(...) end local function parse(...) parse = require(template_parser_module).parse return parse(...) end local function remove_comments(...) remove_comments = require(string_remove_comments_module) return remove_comments(...) end local function split(...) split = require(string_utilities_module).split return split(...) end local function string_compare(...) string_compare = require(string_compare_module) return string_compare(...) end local function uupper(...) uupper = require(string_utilities_module).upper return uupper(...) end --[==[ Loaders for objects, which load data (or some other object) into some variable, which can then be accessed as "foo or get_foo()", where the function get_foo sets the object to "foo" and then returns it. This ensures they are only loaded when needed, and avoids the need to check for the existence of the object each time, since once "foo" has been set, "get_foo" will not be called again.]==] local langnames local function get_langnames() langnames, get_langnames = load_data("Module:Wt/rki/languages/canonical names"), nil return langnames end -- Combining character data used when categorising unusual characters. These resolve into two patterns, used to find -- single combining characters (i.e. character + diacritic(s)) or double combining characters (i.e. character + -- diacritic(s) + character). -- Charsets are in the format used by Unicode's UnicodeSet tool: https://util.unicode.org/UnicodeJsps/list-unicodeset.jsp. -- Single combining characters. -- Charset: [[:M:]&[:^Canonical_Combining_Class=/^Double_/:]&[:^subhead=Grapheme joiner:]&[:^Variation_Selector=Yes:]] -- Note: concatenating hundreds of lines at once gives an error, so () are used every 150 lines to break it up into chunks. local comb_chars_single = ("\204\128-\205\142" .. -- U+0300-U+034E "\205\144-\205\155" .. -- U+0350-U+035B "\205\163-\205\175" .. -- U+0363-U+036F "\210\131-\210\137" .. -- U+0483-U+0489 "\214\145-\214\189" .. -- U+0591-U+05BD "\214\191" .. -- U+05BF "\215\129" .. -- U+05C1 "\215\130" .. -- U+05C2 "\215\132" .. -- U+05C4 "\215\133" .. -- U+05C5 "\215\135" .. -- U+05C7 "\216\144-\216\154" .. -- U+0610-U+061A "\217\139-\217\159" .. -- U+064B-U+065F "\217\176" .. -- U+0670 "\219\150-\219\156" .. -- U+06D6-U+06DC "\219\159-\219\164" .. -- U+06DF-U+06E4 "\219\167" .. -- U+06E7 "\219\168" .. -- U+06E8 "\219\170-\219\173" .. -- U+06EA-U+06ED "\220\145" .. -- U+0711 "\220\176-\221\138" .. -- U+0730-U+074A "\222\166-\222\176" .. -- U+07A6-U+07B0 "\223\171-\223\179" .. -- U+07EB-U+07F3 "\223\189" .. -- U+07FD "\224\160\150-\224\160\153" .. -- U+0816-U+0819 "\224\160\155-\224\160\163" .. -- U+081B-U+0823 "\224\160\165-\224\160\167" .. -- U+0825-U+0827 "\224\160\169-\224\160\173" .. -- U+0829-U+082D "\224\161\153-\224\161\155" .. -- U+0859-U+085B "\224\162\151-\224\162\159" .. -- U+0897-U+089F "\224\163\138-\224\163\161" .. -- U+08CA-U+08E1 "\224\163\163-\224\164\131" .. -- U+08E3-U+0903 "\224\164\186-\224\164\188" .. -- U+093A-U+093C "\224\164\190-\224\165\143" .. -- U+093E-U+094F "\224\165\145-\224\165\151" .. -- U+0951-U+0957 "\224\165\162" .. -- U+0962 "\224\165\163" .. -- U+0963 "\224\166\129-\224\166\131" .. -- U+0981-U+0983 "\224\166\188" .. -- U+09BC "\224\166\190-\224\167\132" .. -- U+09BE-U+09C4 "\224\167\135" .. -- U+09C7 "\224\167\136" .. -- U+09C8 "\224\167\139-\224\167\141" .. -- U+09CB-U+09CD "\224\167\151" .. -- U+09D7 "\224\167\162" .. -- U+09E2 "\224\167\163" .. -- U+09E3 "\224\167\190" .. -- U+09FE "\224\168\129-\224\168\131" .. -- U+0A01-U+0A03 "\224\168\188" .. -- U+0A3C "\224\168\190-\224\169\130" .. -- U+0A3E-U+0A42 "\224\169\135" .. -- U+0A47 "\224\169\136" .. -- U+0A48 "\224\169\139-\224\169\141" .. -- U+0A4B-U+0A4D "\224\169\145" .. -- U+0A51 "\224\169\176" .. -- U+0A70 "\224\169\177" .. -- U+0A71 "\224\169\181" .. -- U+0A75 "\224\170\129-\224\170\131" .. -- U+0A81-U+0A83 "\224\170\188" .. -- U+0ABC "\224\170\190-\224\171\133" .. -- U+0ABE-U+0AC5 "\224\171\135-\224\171\137" .. -- U+0AC7-U+0AC9 "\224\171\139-\224\171\141" .. -- U+0ACB-U+0ACD "\224\171\162" .. -- U+0AE2 "\224\171\163" .. -- U+0AE3 "\224\171\186-\224\171\191" .. -- U+0AFA-U+0AFF "\224\172\129-\224\172\131" .. -- U+0B01-U+0B03 "\224\172\188" .. -- U+0B3C "\224\172\190-\224\173\132" .. -- U+0B3E-U+0B44 "\224\173\135" .. -- U+0B47 "\224\173\136" .. -- U+0B48 "\224\173\139-\224\173\141" .. -- U+0B4B-U+0B4D "\224\173\149-\224\173\151" .. -- U+0B55-U+0B57 "\224\173\162" .. -- U+0B62 "\224\173\163" .. -- U+0B63 "\224\174\130" .. -- U+0B82 "\224\174\190-\224\175\130" .. -- U+0BBE-U+0BC2 "\224\175\134-\224\175\136" .. -- U+0BC6-U+0BC8 "\224\175\138-\224\175\141" .. -- U+0BCA-U+0BCD "\224\175\151" .. -- U+0BD7 "\224\176\128-\224\176\132" .. -- U+0C00-U+0C04 "\224\176\188" .. -- U+0C3C "\224\176\190-\224\177\132" .. -- U+0C3E-U+0C44 "\224\177\134-\224\177\136" .. -- U+0C46-U+0C48 "\224\177\138-\224\177\141" .. -- U+0C4A-U+0C4D "\224\177\149" .. -- U+0C55 "\224\177\150" .. -- U+0C56 "\224\177\162" .. -- U+0C62 "\224\177\163" .. -- U+0C63 "\224\178\129-\224\178\131" .. -- U+0C81-U+0C83 "\224\178\188" .. -- U+0CBC "\224\178\190-\224\179\132" .. -- U+0CBE-U+0CC4 "\224\179\134-\224\179\136" .. -- U+0CC6-U+0CC8 "\224\179\138-\224\179\141" .. -- U+0CCA-U+0CCD "\224\179\149" .. -- U+0CD5 "\224\179\150" .. -- U+0CD6 "\224\179\162" .. -- U+0CE2 "\224\179\163" .. -- U+0CE3 "\224\179\179" .. -- U+0CF3 "\224\180\128-\224\180\131" .. -- U+0D00-U+0D03 "\224\180\187" .. -- U+0D3B "\224\180\188" .. -- U+0D3C "\224\180\190-\224\181\132" .. -- U+0D3E-U+0D44 "\224\181\134-\224\181\136" .. -- U+0D46-U+0D48 "\224\181\138-\224\181\141" .. -- U+0D4A-U+0D4D "\224\181\151" .. -- U+0D57 "\224\181\162" .. -- U+0D62 "\224\181\163" .. -- U+0D63 "\224\182\129-\224\182\131" .. -- U+0D81-U+0D83 "\224\183\138" .. -- U+0DCA "\224\183\143-\224\183\148" .. -- U+0DCF-U+0DD4 "\224\183\150" .. -- U+0DD6 "\224\183\152-\224\183\159" .. -- U+0DD8-U+0DDF "\224\183\178" .. -- U+0DF2 "\224\183\179" .. -- U+0DF3 "\224\184\177" .. -- U+0E31 "\224\184\180-\224\184\186" .. -- U+0E34-U+0E3A "\224\185\135-\224\185\142" .. -- U+0E47-U+0E4E "\224\186\177" .. -- U+0EB1 "\224\186\180-\224\186\188" .. -- U+0EB4-U+0EBC "\224\187\136-\224\187\142" .. -- U+0EC8-U+0ECE "\224\188\152" .. -- U+0F18 "\224\188\153" .. -- U+0F19 "\224\188\181" .. -- U+0F35 "\224\188\183" .. -- U+0F37 "\224\188\185" .. -- U+0F39 "\224\188\190" .. -- U+0F3E "\224\188\191" .. -- U+0F3F "\224\189\177-\224\190\132" .. -- U+0F71-U+0F84 "\224\190\134" .. -- U+0F86 "\224\190\135" .. -- U+0F87 "\224\190\141-\224\190\151" .. -- U+0F8D-U+0F97 "\224\190\153-\224\190\188" .. -- U+0F99-U+0FBC "\224\191\134" .. -- U+0FC6 "\225\128\171-\225\128\190" .. -- U+102B-U+103E "\225\129\150-\225\129\153" .. -- U+1056-U+1059 "\225\129\158-\225\129\160" .. -- U+105E-U+1060 "\225\129\162-\225\129\164" .. -- U+1062-U+1064 "\225\129\167-\225\129\173" .. -- U+1067-U+106D "\225\129\177-\225\129\180" .. -- U+1071-U+1074 "\225\130\130-\225\130\141" .. -- U+1082-U+108D "\225\130\143" .. -- U+108F "\225\130\154-\225\130\157" .. -- U+109A-U+109D "\225\141\157-\225\141\159" .. -- U+135D-U+135F "\225\156\146-\225\156\149" .. -- U+1712-U+1715 "\225\156\178-\225\156\180" .. -- U+1732-U+1734 "\225\157\146" .. -- U+1752 "\225\157\147" .. -- U+1753 "\225\157\178" .. -- U+1772 "\225\157\179" .. -- U+1773 "\225\158\180-\225\159\147") .. -- U+17B4-U+17D3 ("\225\159\157" .. -- U+17DD "\225\162\133" .. -- U+1885 "\225\162\134" .. -- U+1886 "\225\162\169" .. -- U+18A9 "\225\164\160-\225\164\171" .. -- U+1920-U+192B "\225\164\176-\225\164\187" .. -- U+1930-U+193B "\225\168\151-\225\168\155" .. -- U+1A17-U+1A1B "\225\169\149-\225\169\158" .. -- U+1A55-U+1A5E "\225\169\160-\225\169\188" .. -- U+1A60-U+1A7C "\225\169\191" .. -- U+1A7F "\225\170\176-\225\171\142" .. -- U+1AB0-U+1ACE "\225\172\128-\225\172\132" .. -- U+1B00-U+1B04 "\225\172\180-\225\173\132" .. -- U+1B34-U+1B44 "\225\173\171-\225\173\179" .. -- U+1B6B-U+1B73 "\225\174\128-\225\174\130" .. -- U+1B80-U+1B82 "\225\174\161-\225\174\173" .. -- U+1BA1-U+1BAD "\225\175\166-\225\175\179" .. -- U+1BE6-U+1BF3 "\225\176\164-\225\176\183" .. -- U+1C24-U+1C37 "\225\179\144-\225\179\146" .. -- U+1CD0-U+1CD2 "\225\179\148-\225\179\168" .. -- U+1CD4-U+1CE8 "\225\179\173" .. -- U+1CED "\225\179\180" .. -- U+1CF4 "\225\179\183-\225\179\185" .. -- U+1CF7-U+1CF9 "\225\183\128-\225\183\140" .. -- U+1DC0-U+1DCC "\225\183\142-\225\183\187" .. -- U+1DCE-U+1DFB "\225\183\189-\225\183\191" .. -- U+1DFD-U+1DFF "\226\131\144-\226\131\176" .. -- U+20D0-U+20F0 "\226\179\175-\226\179\177" .. -- U+2CEF-U+2CF1 "\226\181\191" .. -- U+2D7F "\226\183\160-\226\183\191" .. -- U+2DE0-U+2DFF "\227\128\170-\227\128\175" .. -- U+302A-U+302F "\227\130\153" .. -- U+3099 "\227\130\154" .. -- U+309A "\234\153\175-\234\153\178" .. -- U+A66F-U+A672 "\234\153\180-\234\153\189" .. -- U+A674-U+A67D "\234\154\158" .. -- U+A69E "\234\154\159" .. -- U+A69F "\234\155\176" .. -- U+A6F0 "\234\155\177" .. -- U+A6F1 "\234\160\130" .. -- U+A802 "\234\160\134" .. -- U+A806 "\234\160\139" .. -- U+A80B "\234\160\163-\234\160\167" .. -- U+A823-U+A827 "\234\160\172" .. -- U+A82C "\234\162\128" .. -- U+A880 "\234\162\129" .. -- U+A881 "\234\162\180-\234\163\133" .. -- U+A8B4-U+A8C5 "\234\163\160-\234\163\177" .. -- U+A8E0-U+A8F1 "\234\163\191" .. -- U+A8FF "\234\164\166-\234\164\173" .. -- U+A926-U+A92D "\234\165\135-\234\165\147" .. -- U+A947-U+A953 "\234\166\128-\234\166\131" .. -- U+A980-U+A983 "\234\166\179-\234\167\128" .. -- U+A9B3-U+A9C0 "\234\167\165" .. -- U+A9E5 "\234\168\169-\234\168\182" .. -- U+AA29-U+AA36 "\234\169\131" .. -- U+AA43 "\234\169\140" .. -- U+AA4C "\234\169\141" .. -- U+AA4D "\234\169\187-\234\169\189" .. -- U+AA7B-U+AA7D "\234\170\176" .. -- U+AAB0 "\234\170\178-\234\170\180" .. -- U+AAB2-U+AAB4 "\234\170\183" .. -- U+AAB7 "\234\170\184" .. -- U+AAB8 "\234\170\190" .. -- U+AABE "\234\170\191" .. -- U+AABF "\234\171\129" .. -- U+AAC1 "\234\171\171-\234\171\175" .. -- U+AAEB-U+AAEF "\234\171\181" .. -- U+AAF5 "\234\171\182" .. -- U+AAF6 "\234\175\163-\234\175\170" .. -- U+ABE3-U+ABEA "\234\175\172" .. -- U+ABEC "\234\175\173" .. -- U+ABED "\239\172\158" .. -- U+FB1E "\239\184\160-\239\184\175" .. -- U+FE20-U+FE2F "\240\144\135\189" .. -- U+101FD "\240\144\139\160" .. -- U+102E0 "\240\144\141\182-\240\144\141\186" .. -- U+10376-U+1037A "\240\144\168\129-\240\144\168\131" .. -- U+10A01-U+10A03 "\240\144\168\133" .. -- U+10A05 "\240\144\168\134" .. -- U+10A06 "\240\144\168\140-\240\144\168\143" .. -- U+10A0C-U+10A0F "\240\144\168\184-\240\144\168\186" .. -- U+10A38-U+10A3A "\240\144\168\191" .. -- U+10A3F "\240\144\171\165" .. -- U+10AE5 "\240\144\171\166" .. -- U+10AE6 "\240\144\180\164-\240\144\180\167" .. -- U+10D24-U+10D27 "\240\144\181\169-\240\144\181\173" .. -- U+10D69-U+10D6D "\240\144\186\171" .. -- U+10EAB "\240\144\186\172" .. -- U+10EAC "\240\144\187\188-\240\144\187\191" .. -- U+10EFC-U+10EFF "\240\144\189\134-\240\144\189\144" .. -- U+10F46-U+10F50 "\240\144\190\130-\240\144\190\133" .. -- U+10F82-U+10F85 "\240\145\128\128-\240\145\128\130" .. -- U+11000-U+11002 "\240\145\128\184-\240\145\129\134" .. -- U+11038-U+11046 "\240\145\129\176" .. -- U+11070 "\240\145\129\179" .. -- U+11073 "\240\145\129\180" .. -- U+11074 "\240\145\129\191-\240\145\130\130" .. -- U+1107F-U+11082 "\240\145\130\176-\240\145\130\186" .. -- U+110B0-U+110BA "\240\145\131\130" .. -- U+110C2 "\240\145\132\128-\240\145\132\130" .. -- U+11100-U+11102 "\240\145\132\167-\240\145\132\180" .. -- U+11127-U+11134 "\240\145\133\133" .. -- U+11145 "\240\145\133\134" .. -- U+11146 "\240\145\133\179" .. -- U+11173 "\240\145\134\128-\240\145\134\130" .. -- U+11180-U+11182 "\240\145\134\179-\240\145\135\128" .. -- U+111B3-U+111C0 "\240\145\135\137-\240\145\135\140" .. -- U+111C9-U+111CC "\240\145\135\142" .. -- U+111CE "\240\145\135\143" .. -- U+111CF "\240\145\136\172-\240\145\136\183" .. -- U+1122C-U+11237 "\240\145\136\190" .. -- U+1123E "\240\145\137\129" .. -- U+11241 "\240\145\139\159-\240\145\139\170" .. -- U+112DF-U+112EA "\240\145\140\128-\240\145\140\131" .. -- U+11300-U+11303 "\240\145\140\187" .. -- U+1133B "\240\145\140\188" .. -- U+1133C "\240\145\140\190-\240\145\141\132" .. -- U+1133E-U+11344 "\240\145\141\135" .. -- U+11347 "\240\145\141\136" .. -- U+11348 "\240\145\141\139-\240\145\141\141" .. -- U+1134B-U+1134D "\240\145\141\151" .. -- U+11357 "\240\145\141\162" .. -- U+11362 "\240\145\141\163" .. -- U+11363 "\240\145\141\166-\240\145\141\172" .. -- U+11366-U+1136C "\240\145\141\176-\240\145\141\180" .. -- U+11370-U+11374 "\240\145\142\184-\240\145\143\128" .. -- U+113B8-U+113C0 "\240\145\143\130" .. -- U+113C2 "\240\145\143\133" .. -- U+113C5 "\240\145\143\135-\240\145\143\138" .. -- U+113C7-U+113CA "\240\145\143\140-\240\145\143\144" .. -- U+113CC-U+113D0 "\240\145\143\146" .. -- U+113D2 "\240\145\143\161" .. -- U+113E1 "\240\145\143\162" .. -- U+113E2 "\240\145\144\181-\240\145\145\134" .. -- U+11435-U+11446 "\240\145\145\158" .. -- U+1145E "\240\145\146\176-\240\145\147\131" .. -- U+114B0-U+114C3 "\240\145\150\175-\240\145\150\181" .. -- U+115AF-U+115B5 "\240\145\150\184-\240\145\151\128" .. -- U+115B8-U+115C0 "\240\145\151\156" .. -- U+115DC "\240\145\151\157" .. -- U+115DD "\240\145\152\176-\240\145\153\128" .. -- U+11630-U+11640 "\240\145\154\171-\240\145\154\183" .. -- U+116AB-U+116B7 "\240\145\156\157-\240\145\156\171" .. -- U+1171D-U+1172B "\240\145\160\172-\240\145\160\186" .. -- U+1182C-U+1183A "\240\145\164\176-\240\145\164\181" .. -- U+11930-U+11935 "\240\145\164\183" .. -- U+11937 "\240\145\164\184" .. -- U+11938 "\240\145\164\187-\240\145\164\190" .. -- U+1193B-U+1193E "\240\145\165\128") .. -- U+11940 ("\240\145\165\130" .. -- U+11942 "\240\145\165\131" .. -- U+11943 "\240\145\167\145-\240\145\167\151" .. -- U+119D1-U+119D7 "\240\145\167\154-\240\145\167\160" .. -- U+119DA-U+119E0 "\240\145\167\164" .. -- U+119E4 "\240\145\168\129-\240\145\168\138" .. -- U+11A01-U+11A0A "\240\145\168\179-\240\145\168\185" .. -- U+11A33-U+11A39 "\240\145\168\187-\240\145\168\190" .. -- U+11A3B-U+11A3E "\240\145\169\135" .. -- U+11A47 "\240\145\169\145-\240\145\169\155" .. -- U+11A51-U+11A5B "\240\145\170\138-\240\145\170\153" .. -- U+11A8A-U+11A99 "\240\145\176\175-\240\145\176\182" .. -- U+11C2F-U+11C36 "\240\145\176\184-\240\145\176\191" .. -- U+11C38-U+11C3F "\240\145\178\146-\240\145\178\167" .. -- U+11C92-U+11CA7 "\240\145\178\169-\240\145\178\182" .. -- U+11CA9-U+11CB6 "\240\145\180\177-\240\145\180\182" .. -- U+11D31-U+11D36 "\240\145\180\186" .. -- U+11D3A "\240\145\180\188" .. -- U+11D3C "\240\145\180\189" .. -- U+11D3D "\240\145\180\191-\240\145\181\133" .. -- U+11D3F-U+11D45 "\240\145\181\135" .. -- U+11D47 "\240\145\182\138-\240\145\182\142" .. -- U+11D8A-U+11D8E "\240\145\182\144" .. -- U+11D90 "\240\145\182\145" .. -- U+11D91 "\240\145\182\147-\240\145\182\151" .. -- U+11D93-U+11D97 "\240\145\187\179-\240\145\187\182" .. -- U+11EF3-U+11EF6 "\240\145\188\128" .. -- U+11F00 "\240\145\188\129" .. -- U+11F01 "\240\145\188\131" .. -- U+11F03 "\240\145\188\180-\240\145\188\186" .. -- U+11F34-U+11F3A "\240\145\188\190-\240\145\189\130" .. -- U+11F3E-U+11F42 "\240\145\189\154" .. -- U+11F5A "\240\147\145\128" .. -- U+13440 "\240\147\145\135-\240\147\145\149" .. -- U+13447-U+13455 "\240\150\132\158-\240\150\132\175" .. -- U+1611E-U+1612F "\240\150\171\176-\240\150\171\180" .. -- U+16AF0-U+16AF4 "\240\150\172\176-\240\150\172\182" .. -- U+16B30-U+16B36 "\240\150\189\143" .. -- U+16F4F "\240\150\189\145-\240\150\190\135" .. -- U+16F51-U+16F87 "\240\150\190\143-\240\150\190\146" .. -- U+16F8F-U+16F92 "\240\150\191\164" .. -- U+16FE4 "\240\150\191\176" .. -- U+16FF0 "\240\150\191\177" .. -- U+16FF1 "\240\155\178\157" .. -- U+1BC9D "\240\155\178\158" .. -- U+1BC9E "\240\156\188\128-\240\156\188\173" .. -- U+1CF00-U+1CF2D "\240\156\188\176-\240\156\189\134" .. -- U+1CF30-U+1CF46 "\240\157\133\165-\240\157\133\169" .. -- U+1D165-U+1D169 "\240\157\133\173-\240\157\133\178" .. -- U+1D16D-U+1D172 "\240\157\133\187-\240\157\134\130" .. -- U+1D17B-U+1D182 "\240\157\134\133-\240\157\134\139" .. -- U+1D185-U+1D18B "\240\157\134\170-\240\157\134\173" .. -- U+1D1AA-U+1D1AD "\240\157\137\130-\240\157\137\132" .. -- U+1D242-U+1D244 "\240\157\168\128-\240\157\168\182" .. -- U+1DA00-U+1DA36 "\240\157\168\187-\240\157\169\172" .. -- U+1DA3B-U+1DA6C "\240\157\169\181" .. -- U+1DA75 "\240\157\170\132" .. -- U+1DA84 "\240\157\170\155-\240\157\170\159" .. -- U+1DA9B-U+1DA9F "\240\157\170\161-\240\157\170\175" .. -- U+1DAA1-U+1DAAF "\240\158\128\128-\240\158\128\134" .. -- U+1E000-U+1E006 "\240\158\128\136-\240\158\128\152" .. -- U+1E008-U+1E018 "\240\158\128\155-\240\158\128\161" .. -- U+1E01B-U+1E021 "\240\158\128\163" .. -- U+1E023 "\240\158\128\164" .. -- U+1E024 "\240\158\128\166-\240\158\128\170" .. -- U+1E026-U+1E02A "\240\158\130\143" .. -- U+1E08F "\240\158\132\176-\240\158\132\182" .. -- U+1E130-U+1E136 "\240\158\138\174" .. -- U+1E2AE "\240\158\139\172-\240\158\139\175" .. -- U+1E2EC-U+1E2EF "\240\158\147\172-\240\158\147\175" .. -- U+1E4EC-U+1E4EF "\240\158\151\174" .. -- U+1E5EE "\240\158\151\175" .. -- U+1E5EF "\240\158\163\144-\240\158\163\150" .. -- U+1E8D0-U+1E8D6 "\240\158\165\132-\240\158\165\138") -- U+1E944-U+1E94A -- Double combining characters. -- Charset: [[:M:]&[:Canonical_Combining_Class=/^Double_/:]&[:^subhead=Grapheme joiner:]&[:^Variation_Selector=Yes:]] local comb_chars_double = "\205\156-\205\162" .. -- U+035C-U+0362 "\225\183\141" .. -- U+1DCD "\225\183\188" -- U+1DFC -- Variation selectors etc.; separated out so that we don't get categories for them. -- Charset: [[:M:]&[[:subhead=Grapheme joiner:][:Variation_Selector=Yes:]]]. local comb_chars_other = "\205\143" .. -- U+034F "\225\160\139-\225\160\141" .. -- U+180B-U+180D "\225\160\143" .. -- U+180F "\239\184\128-\239\184\143" .. -- U+FE00-U+FE0F "\243\160\132\128-\243\160\135\175" -- U+E0100-U+E01EF local comb_chars_all = comb_chars_single .. comb_chars_double .. comb_chars_other local comb_chars = { combined_single = "[^" .. comb_chars_all .. "][" .. comb_chars_single .. comb_chars_other .. "]+%f[^" .. comb_chars_all .. "]", combined_double = "[^" .. comb_chars_all .. "][" .. comb_chars_single .. comb_chars_other .. "]*[" .. comb_chars_double .. "]+[" .. comb_chars_all .. "]*.[" .. comb_chars_single .. comb_chars_other .. "]*", diacritics_single = "[" .. comb_chars_single .. "]", diacritics_double = "[" .. comb_chars_double .. "]", diacritics_all = "[" .. comb_chars_all .. "]" } -- Somewhat curated list from https://unicode.org/Public/emoji/16.0/emoji-sequences.txt. -- NOTE: There are lots more emoji sequences involving non-emoji Plane 0 symbols followed by 0xFE0F, which we don't -- (yet?) handle. local emoji_chars = "\226\140\154" .. -- U+231A (⌚) "\226\140\155" .. -- U+231B (⌛) "\226\140\168" .. -- U+2328 (⌨) "\226\143\143" .. -- U+23CF (⏏) "\226\143\169-\226\143\179" .. -- U+23E9-U+23F3 (⏩-⏳) "\226\143\184-\226\143\186" .. -- U+23F8-U+23FA (⏸-⏺) "\226\150\170" .. -- U+25AA (▪) "\226\150\171" .. -- U+25AB (▫) "\226\150\182" .. -- U+25B6 (▶) "\226\151\128" .. -- U+25C0 (◀) "\226\151\187-\226\151\190" .. -- U+25FB-U+25FE (◻-◾) "\226\152\128-\226\152\132" .. -- U+2600-U+2604 (☀-☄) "\226\152\142" .. -- U+260E (☎) "\226\152\145" .. -- U+2611 (☑) "\226\152\148" .. -- U+2614 (☔) "\226\152\149" .. -- U+2615 (☕) "\226\152\152" .. -- U+2618 (☘) "\226\152\157" .. -- U+261D (☝) "\226\152\160" .. -- U+2620 (☠) "\226\152\162" .. -- U+2622 (☢) "\226\152\163" .. -- U+2623 (☣) "\226\152\166" .. -- U+2626 (☦) "\226\152\170" .. -- U+262A (☪) "\226\152\174" .. -- U+262E (☮) "\226\152\175" .. -- U+262F (☯) "\226\152\184-\226\152\186" .. -- U+2638-U+263A (☸-☺) "\226\153\136-\226\153\147" .. -- U+2648-U+2653 (♈-♓) "\226\153\159" .. -- U+265F (♟) "\226\153\160" .. -- U+2660 (♠) "\226\153\163" .. -- U+2663 (♣) "\226\153\165" .. -- U+2665 (♥) "\226\153\166" .. -- U+2666 (♦) "\226\153\168" .. -- U+2668 (♨) "\226\153\187" .. -- U+267B (♻) "\226\153\190" .. -- U+267E (♾) "\226\153\191" .. -- U+267F (♿) "\226\154\146-\226\154\151" .. -- U+2692-U+2697 (⚒-⚗) "\226\154\153" .. -- U+2699 (⚙) "\226\154\155" .. -- U+269B (⚛) "\226\154\156" .. -- U+269C (⚜) "\226\154\160" .. -- U+26A0 (⚠) "\226\154\161" .. -- U+26A1 (⚡) "\226\154\170" .. -- U+26AA (⚪) "\226\154\171" .. -- U+26AB (⚫) "\226\154\176" .. -- U+26B0 (⚰) "\226\154\177" .. -- U+26B1 (⚱) "\226\154\189" .. -- U+26BD (⚽) "\226\154\190" .. -- U+26BE (⚾) "\226\155\132" .. -- U+26C4 (⛄) "\226\155\133" .. -- U+26C5 (⛅) "\226\155\136" .. -- U+26C8 (⛈) "\226\155\142" .. -- U+26CE (⛎) "\226\155\143" .. -- U+26CF (⛏) "\226\155\145" .. -- U+26D1 (⛑) "\226\155\147" .. -- U+26D3 (⛓) "\226\155\148" .. -- U+26D4 (⛔) "\226\155\169" .. -- U+26E9 (⛩) "\226\155\170" .. -- U+26EA (⛪) "\226\155\176-\226\155\181" .. -- U+26F0-U+26F5 (⛰-⛵) "\226\155\183-\226\155\186" .. -- U+26F7-U+26FA (⛷-⛺) "\226\155\189" .. -- U+26FD (⛽) "\226\156\130" .. -- U+2702 (✂) "\226\156\133" .. -- U+2705 (✅) "\226\156\136-\226\156\141" .. -- U+2708-U+270D (✈-✍) "\226\156\143" .. -- U+270F (✏) "\226\156\146" .. -- U+2712 (✒) "\226\156\148" .. -- U+2714 (✔) "\226\156\150" .. -- U+2716 (✖) "\226\156\157" .. -- U+271D (✝) "\226\156\161" .. -- U+2721 (✡) "\226\156\168" .. -- U+2728 (✨) "\226\156\179" .. -- U+2733 (✳) "\226\156\180" .. -- U+2734 (✴) "\226\157\132" .. -- U+2744 (❄) "\226\157\135" .. -- U+2747 (❇) "\226\157\140" .. -- U+274C (❌) "\226\157\142" .. -- U+274E (❎) "\226\157\147-\226\157\149" .. -- U+2753-U+2755 (❓-❕) "\226\157\151" .. -- U+2757 (❗) "\226\157\163" .. -- U+2763 (❣) "\226\157\164" .. -- U+2764 (❤) "\226\158\149-\226\158\151" .. -- U+2795-U+2797 (➕-➗) "\226\158\161" .. -- U+27A1 (➡) "\226\158\176" .. -- U+27B0 (➰) "\226\158\191" .. -- U+27BF (➿) "\226\164\180" .. -- U+2934 (⤴) "\226\164\181" .. -- U+2935 (⤵) "\226\172\133-\226\172\135" .. -- U+2B05-U+2B07 (⬅-⬇) "\226\172\155" .. -- U+2B1B (⬛) "\226\172\156" .. -- U+2B1C (⬜) "\226\173\144" .. -- U+2B50 (⭐) "\226\173\149" .. -- U+2B55 (⭕) "\227\128\176" .. -- U+3030 (〰) "\227\128\189" .. -- U+303D (〽) "\227\138\151" .. -- U+3297 (㊗) "\227\138\153" .. -- U+3299 (㊙) "\240\159\128\132" .. -- U+1F004 (🀄) "\240\159\131\143" .. -- U+1F0CF (🃏) "\240\159\133\176" .. -- U+1F170 (🅰) "\240\159\133\177" .. -- U+1F171 (🅱) "\240\159\133\190" .. -- U+1F17E (🅾) "\240\159\133\191" .. -- U+1F17F (🅿) "\240\159\134\142" .. -- U+1F18E (🆎) "\240\159\134\145-\240\159\134\154" .. -- U+1F191-U+1F19A (🆑-🆚) "\240\159\136\129" .. -- U+1F201 (🈁) "\240\159\136\130" .. -- U+1F202 (🈂) "\240\159\136\154" .. -- U+1F21A (🈚) "\240\159\136\175" .. -- U+1F22F (🈯) "\240\159\136\178-\240\159\136\186" .. -- U+1F232-U+1F23A (🈲-🈺) "\240\159\137\144" .. -- U+1F250 (🉐) "\240\159\137\145" .. -- U+1F251 (🉑) "\240\159\140\128-\240\159\153\143" .. -- U+1F300-U+1F64F (🌀-🙏) "\240\159\154\128-\240\159\155\151" .. -- U+1F680-U+1F6D7 (🚀-🛗) "\240\159\155\156-\240\159\155\172" .. -- U+1F6DC-U+1F6EC (🛜-🛬) "\240\159\155\176-\240\159\155\188" .. -- U+1F6F0-U+1F6FC (🛰-🛼) "\240\159\159\160-\240\159\159\171" .. -- U+1F7E0-U+1F7EB (🟠-🟫) "\240\159\159\176" .. -- U+1F7F0 (🟰) "\240\159\164\140-\240\159\169\147" .. -- U+1F90C-U+1FA53 (🤌-🩓) "\240\159\169\160-\240\159\169\173" .. -- U+1FA60-U+1FA6D (🩠-🩭) "\240\159\169\176-\240\159\169\188" .. -- U+1FA70-U+1FA7C (🩰-🩼) "\240\159\170\128-\240\159\170\137" .. -- U+1FA80-U+1FA89 (🪀-🪉) "\240\159\170\143-\240\159\171\134" .. -- U+1FA8F-U+1FAC6 (🪏-🫆) "\240\159\171\142-\240\159\171\156" .. -- U+1FACE-U+1FADC (🫎-🫜) "\240\159\171\159-\240\159\171\169" .. -- U+1FADF-U+1FAE9 (🫟-🫩) "\240\159\171\176-\240\159\171\184" -- U+1FAF0-U+1FAF8 (🫰-🫸) local unsupported_characters local function get_unsupported_characters() unsupported_characters, get_unsupported_characters = {}, nil for k, v in pairs(load_data("Module:Wt/rki/links/data").unsupported_characters) do unsupported_characters[v] = k end return unsupported_characters end -- The list of unsupported titles and invert it (so the keys are pagenames and values are canonical titles). local unsupported_titles local function get_unsupported_titles() unsupported_titles, get_unsupported_titles = {}, nil for k, v in pairs(load_data("Module:Wt/rki/links/data").unsupported_titles) do unsupported_titles[v] = k end return unsupported_titles end --[==[ Given a pagename (or {nil} for the current page), create and return a data structure describing the page. The returned object includes the following fields: * `comb_chars`: A table containing various Lua character class patterns for different types of combined characters (those that decompose into multiple characters in the NFD decomposition). The patterns are meant to be used with {mw.ustring.find()}. The keys are: ** `single`: Single combining characters (character + diacritic), without surrounding brackets; ** `double`: Double combining characters (character + diacritic + character), without surrounding brackets; ** `vs`: Variation selectors, without surrounding brackets; ** `all`: Concatenation of `single` + `double` + `vs`, without surrounding brackets; ** `diacritics_single`: Like `single` but with surrounding brackets; ** `diacritics_double`: Like `double` but with surrounding brackets; ** `diacritics_all`: Like `all` but with surrounding brackets; ** `combined_single`: Lua pattern for matching a spacing character followed by one or more single combining characters; ** `combined_double`: Lua pattern for matching a combination of two spacing characters separated by one or more double combining characters, possibly also with single combining characters; * `emoji_pattern`: A Lua character class pattern (including surrounding brackets) that matches emojis. Meant to be used with {mw.ustring.find()}. * `L2_list`: Ordered list of L2 headings on the page, with the extra key `n` that gives the length of the list. * `L2_sections`: Lookup table of L2 headings on the page, where the key is the section number assigned by the preprocessor, and the value is the L2 heading name. Once an invocation has got its actual section number from get_current_L2 in [[Module:Wt/rki/pages]], it can use this table to determine its parent L2. TODO: We could expand this to include subsections, to check POS headings are correct etc. * `unsupported_titles`: Map from pagenames to canonical titles for unsupported-title pages. * `namespace`: Namespace of the pagename. * `ns`: Namespace table for the page from mw.site.namespaces (TODO: merge with `namespace` above). * `full_raw_pagename`: Full version of the '''RAW''' pagename (i.e. unsupported-title pages aren't canonicalized); including the namespace and the root (portion before the slash). * `pagename`: Canonicalized subpage portion of the pagename (unsupported-title pages are canonicalized). * `decompose_pagename`: Equivalent of `pagename` in NFD decomposition. * `pagename_len`: Length of `pagename` in Unicode chars, where combinations of spacing character + decomposed diacritic are treated as single characters. * `explode_pagename`: Set of characters found in `pagename`. The keys are characters (where combinations of spacing character + decomposed diacritic are treated as single characters). * `encoded_pagename`: FIXME: Document me. * `pagename_defaultsort`: FIXME: Document me. * `raw_defaultsort`: FIXME: Document me. * `wikitext_topic_cat`: FIXME: Document me. * `wikitext_langname_cat`: FIXME: Document me. ]==] function export.process_page(pagename) local data = { comb_chars = comb_chars, emoji_pattern = "[" .. emoji_chars .. "]", unsupported_titles = unsupported_titles or get_unsupported_titles() } local cats = {} data.cats = cats -- We cannot store `raw_title` in `data` because it contains a metatable. local raw_title local function bad_pagename() if not pagename then error("Internal error: Something wrong, `data.pagename` not specified but current title contains illegal characters") else error(format("Bad value for `data.pagename`: '%s', which must not contain illegal characters", pagename)) end end if pagename then -- for testing, doc pages, etc. raw_title = new_title(pagename) if not raw_title then bad_pagename() end else raw_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end local nsText = raw_title.nsText data.namespace = nsText data.ns = mw.site.namespaces[raw_title.namespace] local full_raw_pagename = raw_title.fullText data.full_raw_pagename = full_raw_pagename local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- WARNING: `content` may be nil, e.g. if we're substing a template like {{Wt/rki/ja-new}} on a not-yet-created page -- or if the module specifies the subpage as `data.pagename` (which many modules do) and we're in an Appendix -- or other non-mainspace page. We used to make the latter an error but there are too many modules that do it, -- and substing on a nonexistent page is totally legit, and we don't actually need to be able to access the -- content of the page. local content = raw_title:getContent() -- Get the pagename. pagename = gsub(raw_title.subpageText, "^Unsupported titles/(.+)", function(m) insert(cats, "အထောက်အပံ့မပီးထားရေ ခေါင်းစဉ်တိ") local title = (unsupported_titles or get_unsupported_titles())[m] if title then return title end -- Substitute pairs of "`". Those not used for escaping should be escaped as "`grave`", but might not be, -- so if a pair don't form a match, the closing "`" should become the opening "`" of the next match attempt. -- This has to be done manually, instead of using gsub. local open_pos = find(m, "`") if not open_pos then return m end title = {sub(m, 1, open_pos - 1)} while true do local close_pos = find(m, "`", open_pos + 1) if not close_pos then -- Add "`" plus any remaining characters. insert(title, sub(m, open_pos)) break end local escape = sub(m, open_pos, close_pos) local ch = (unsupported_characters or get_unsupported_characters())[escape] -- Match found, so substitute the character and move to the first "`" after the match if found, or -- otherwise return. if ch then insert(title, ch) local nxt_pos = close_pos + 1 open_pos = find(m, "`", nxt_pos) -- Add any characters between the match and the next "`" or end. if open_pos then insert(title, sub(m, nxt_pos, open_pos - 1)) else insert(title, sub(m, nxt_pos)) break end -- Match not found, so make the closing "`" the opening "`" of the next attempt. else -- Add the failed match, except for the closing "`". insert(title, sub(m, open_pos, close_pos - 1)) open_pos = close_pos end end return concat(title) end) -- Save pagename, as local variable will be destructively modified. data.pagename = pagename -- Decompose the pagename in Unicode normalization form D. data.decompose_pagename = toNFD(pagename) -- Explode the current page name into a character table, taking decomposed combining characters into account. local explode_pagename = {} local pagename_len = 0 local function explode(char) explode_pagename[char] = true pagename_len = pagename_len + 1 return "" end pagename = ugsub(pagename, comb_chars.combined_double, explode) pagename = gsub(ugsub(pagename, comb_chars.combined_single, explode), ".[\128-\191]*", explode) data.explode_pagename = explode_pagename data.pagename_len = pagename_len -- Generate DEFAULTSORT. data.encoded_pagename = encode_entities(data.pagename) data.pagename_defaultsort = get_lang("mul"):makeSortKey(data.encoded_pagename) frame:callParserFunction("DEFAULTSORT", data.pagename_defaultsort) data.raw_defaultsort = uupper(raw_title.text) -- Make `L2_list` and `L2_sections`, note raw wikitext use of {{Wt/rki/DEFAULTSORT:}} and {{Wt/rki/DISPLAYTITLE:}}, then add categories if any unwanted L1 headings are found, the L2 headings are in the wrong order, or they don't match a canonical language name. -- Note: HTML comments shouldn't be removed from `content` until after this step, as they can affect the result. do local L2_list, L2_list_len, L2_sections, sort_cache, prev, rc = {}, 0, {}, {} local new_cats, L2_wrong_order = {} local function get_weight(L2) if L2 == "ဘုံဝေါဟာရ" then return "\1" elseif L2 == "အင်္ဂလိပ်" then return "\2" elseif match(L2, "^[%z\1-\b\14-!#-&(-,.-\127]+$") then return L2 end local weight = sort_cache[L2] if weight then return weight end weight = toNFC(ugsub(ugsub(toNFD(L2), "[" .. comb_chars_all .. "'\"ʻʼ]+", ""), "[%s%-]+", " ")) sort_cache[L2] = weight return weight end local function handle_heading(heading) local level = heading.level if level > 2 then return end local name = heading:get_name() -- heading:get_name() will return nil if there are any newline characters in the preprocessed heading name (e.g. from an expanded template). In such cases, the preprocessor section count still increments (since it's calculated pre-expansion), but the heading will fail, so the L2 count shouldn't be incremented. if name == nil then return end L2_list_len = L2_list_len + 1 L2_list[L2_list_len] = name L2_sections[heading.section] = name -- Also add any L1s, since they terminate the preceding L2, but add a maintenance category since it's probably a mistake. if level == 1 then new_cats["Pages with unwanted L1 headings"] = true end -- Check the heading is in the right order. -- FIXME: we need a more sophisticated sorting method which handles non-diacritic special characters (e.g. Magɨ). if prev and not ( L2_wrong_order or string_compare(get_weight(prev), get_weight(name)) ) then -- new_cats["အစီအစဉ်မှားနီရေ ဘာသာစကားခေါင်းစီးတိပါရေ စာမျက်နှာတိ"] = true L2_wrong_order = true end -- Check it's a canonical language name. if not (langnames or get_langnames())[name] then -- new_cats["စံမဟုတ်ရေ ဘာသာစကားခေါင်းစီးတိပါရေ စာမျက်နှာတိ"] = true end prev = name end local function handle_template(template) local name = template:get_name() if name == "DEFAULTSORT:" then new_cats["Pages with DEFAULTSORT conflicts"] = true elseif name == "DISPLAYTITLE:" then new_cats["Pages with DISPLAYTITLE conflicts"] = true elseif name == "reconstructed" then rc = true end end if content then for node in parse(content):iterate_nodes() do local node_class = class_else_type(node) if node_class == "heading" then handle_heading(node) elseif node_class == "template" then handle_template(node) elseif node_class == "parameter" then new_cats["Pages with raw triple-brace template parameters"] = true end end end L2_list.n = L2_list_len data.L2_list = L2_list data.L2_sections = L2_sections insert(cats, get_category("ရီးသွင်းချက်တိပါရေ စာမျက်နှာတိ")) -- insert(cats, get_category(format("ရီးသွင်းချက် %s ခု ပါရေ စာမျက်နှာတိ", L2_list_len, L2_list_len == 1 and "y" or "ies"))) for cat in pairs(new_cats) do insert(cats, get_category(cat)) end if nsText == "ပြန်ပနာတည်ဆောက်ခြင်း" and not rc then local langname = match(full_raw_pagename, "^ပြန်ပနာတည်ဆောက်ခြင်း:([^/]+)/.") if langname then insert(cats, get_category(langname .. " entries missing Template:reconstructed")) end end end ------ 4. Parse page for maintenance categories. ------ -- Use of tab characters. if content and find(content, "\t", 1, true) then insert(cats, get_category("Pages with tab characters")) end -- Unencoded character(s) in title. local IDS = list_to_set{"⿰", "⿱", "⿲", "⿳", "⿴", "⿵", "⿶", "⿷", "⿸", "⿹", "⿺", "⿻", "⿼", "⿽", "⿾", "⿿", "㇯"} for char in pairs(explode_pagename) do if IDS[char] and char ~= data.pagename then insert(cats, "Terms containing unencoded characters") break end end -- Raw wikitext use of a topic or langname category. Also check if any raw sortkeys have been used. do local wikitext_topic_cat = {} local wikitext_langname_cat = {} local raw_sortkey -- If a raw sortkey has been found, add it to the relevant table. -- If there's no table (or the index is just `true`), create one first. local function add_cat_table(t, lang, sortkey) local t_lang = t[lang] if not sortkey then if not t_lang then t[lang] = true end return elseif t_lang == true or not t_lang then t_lang = {} t[lang] = t_lang end t_lang[uupper(decode_entities(sortkey))] = true end local function process_category(content, cat, colon, nxt) local pipe = find(cat, "|", colon + 1, true) -- Categories cannot end "|]]". if pipe == #cat then return end local title = new_title(pipe and sub(cat, 1, pipe - 1) or cat) if not (title and title.namespace == 14) then return end -- Get the sortkey (if any), then canonicalize category title. local sortkey = pipe and sub(cat, pipe + 1) or nil cat = title.text if sortkey then raw_sortkey = true -- If the sortkey contains "[", the first "]" of a final "]]]" is treated as part of the sortkey. if find(sortkey, "[", 1, true) and sub(content, nxt, nxt) == "]" then sortkey = sortkey .. "]" end end local code = match(cat, "^([%w%-.]+):") if code then add_cat_table(wikitext_topic_cat, code, sortkey) return end -- Split by word. cat = split(cat, " ", true, true) -- Formerly we looked for the language name anywhere in the category. This is simply wrong -- because there are no categories like 'Alsatian French lemmas' (only L2 languages -- have langname categories), but doing it this way wrongly catches things like [[Category:Wt/rki/Shapsug Adyghe]] -- in [[Category:Wt/rki/Adyghe entries with language name categories using raw markup]]. local n = #cat - 1 if n <= 0 then return end -- Go from longest to shortest and stop once we've found a language name. Going from shortest -- to longest or not stopping after a match risks falsely matching (e.g.) German Low German -- categories as German. repeat local name = concat(cat, " ", 1, n) if (langnames or get_langnames())[name] then add_cat_table(wikitext_langname_cat, name, sortkey) return end n = n - 1 until n == 0 end if content then -- Remove comments, then iterate over category links. content = remove_comments(content, "BOTH") local head = find(content, "[[", 1, true) while head do local close = find(content, "]]", head + 2, true) if not close then break end -- Make sure there are no intervening "[[" between head and close. local open = find(content, "[[", head + 2, true) while open and open < close do head = open open = find(content, "[[", head + 2, true) end local cat = sub(content, head + 2, close - 1) -- Locate the colon, and weed out most unwanted links. "[ _\128-\244]*" catches valid whitespace, and ensures any category links using the colon trick are ignored. We match all non-ASCII characters, as there could be multibyte spaces, and mw.title.new will filter out any remaining false-positives; this is a lot faster than running mw.title.new on every link. local colon = match(cat, "^[ _\128-\244]*[Cc][Aa][Tt][EeGgOoRrYy _\128-\244]*():") if colon then process_category(content, cat, colon, close + 2) end head = open end end data.wikitext_topic_cat = wikitext_topic_cat data.wikitext_langname_cat = wikitext_langname_cat if raw_sortkey then insert(cats, get_category("Pages with raw sortkeys")) end end return data end return export qu6v4escxbr6s0jyvctjaozhkns63nz 828 3784768 7240197 7234089 2026-07-05T13:48:09Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240197 Scribunto text/plain local m_langdata = require("Module:Wt/rki/languages/data") -- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data). local function u(...) u = require("Module:Wt/rki/string utilities").char return u(...) end local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} m["maa"] = { "San Jerónimo Tecóatl Mazatec", 7692927, "omq-maz", "Latn", } m["mab"] = { "Yutanduchi Mixtec", 12645448, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mad"] = { "မဒူရာ", 36213, "poz-msa", "Latn, Java", } m["mae"] = { "Bo-Rukul", 34967, "nic-ple", "Latn", } m["maf"] = { "Mafa", 35819, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["mag"] = { "မဂါဟီ", -- Not to be confused with Magadhi Prakrit (pra-mag) 33728, "inc-bih", "Deva, Kthi", translit = { Deva = "bho-translit", Kthi = "bho-Kthi-translit", }, } m["mai"] = { "မိုင်သီလီ", 36109, "inc-bih", "Deva, Tirh, Kthi, Newa", translit = { Deva = "mai-translit", Tirh = "mai-Tirh-translit", Kthi = "bho-Kthi-translit", }, } m["maj"] = { "Jalapa de Díaz Mazatec", 3915999, "omq-maz", "Latn", } m["mak"] = { "မကာဆာ", 33643, "poz-ssw", "Latn, Bugi, Maka", } m["mam"] = { "Mam", 33467, "myn", "Latn", } m["man"] = { "Mandingo", 35772, "dmn-man", "Latn", } m["maq"] = { "Chiquihuitlán Mazatec", 5101757, "omq-maz", "Latn", } m["mas"] = { "မာဆိုင်", 35787, "sdv-lma", "Latn", } m["mat"] = { "Matlatzinca", 12953704, "omq", "Latn", } m["mau"] = { "Huautla Mazatec", 36230, "omq-maz", "Latn", } m["mav"] = { "Sateré-Mawé", 6794475, "tup", "Latn", } m["maw"] = { "Mampruli", 35804, "nic-wov", "Latn", } m["max"] = { "North Moluccan Malay", 7056136, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "ms", } m["maz"] = { "Central Mazahua", 36228, "oto", "Latn", } m["mba"] = { "Higaonon", 5753411, "mno", "Latn", } m["mbb"] = { "Western Bukidnon Manobo", 7987643, "mno", "Latn", } m["mbc"] = { "Macushi", 56633, "sai-pem", "Latn", } m["mbd"] = { "Dibabawon Manobo", 18755523, "mno", "Latn", } m["mbe"] = { "Molale", 3319444, "nai-plp", "Latn", } m["mbf"] = { "Baba Malay", 18642798, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "ms", } m["mbh"] = { "Mangseng", 6749147, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mbi"] = { "Ilianen Manobo", 14916911, "mno", "Latn", } m["mbj"] = { "Nadëb", 3335011, "sai-nad", "Latn", } m["mbk"] = { "Malol", 6744477, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mbl"] = { "Maxakalí", 3029682, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["mbm"] = { "Ombamba", 36407, "bnt-mbt", "Latn", } m["mbn"] = { "Macaguán", 3273980, "sai-guh", "Latn", } m["mbo"] = { -- is, like 'bqz', 'bsi' and 'bss', a dialect of Manenguba "Mbo (Cameroon)", 36011, "bnt-mne", "Latn", } m["mbp"] = { "Wiwa", 3012604, "cba", "Latn", } m["mbq"] = { "Maisin", 3448149, nil, "Latn", } m["mbr"] = { "Nukak Makú", 3346228, "sai-nad", "Latn", } m["mbs"] = { "Sarangani Manobo", 7423093, "mno", "Latn", } m["mbt"] = { "Matigsalug Manobo", 6787447, "mno", "Latn", } m["mbu"] = { "Mbula-Bwazza", 3913324, "nic-jrn", "Latn", } m["mbv"] = { "Mbulungish", 36003, "alv-nal", "Latn", } m["mbw"] = { "Maring", 3293280, nil, "Latn", } m["mbx"] = { "Sepik Mari", 6760942, "paa-spk", "Latn", } m["mby"] = { "Memoni", 4180871, "inc-snd", "Gujr, ur-Arab", } m["mbz"] = { "Amoltepec Mixtec", 13583504, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mca"] = { "Maca", 3281043, "sai-mtc", "Latn", } m["mcb"] = { "Machiguenga", 3915441, "awd", "Latn", } m["mcc"] = { "Bitur", 4919173, } m["mcd"] = { "Sharanahua", 12953881, "sai-pan", "Latn", } m["mce"] = { "Itundujia Mixtec", 12953727, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mcf"] = { "Matsés", 2981620, "sai-pan", "Latn", } m["mcg"] = { "Mapoyo", 56946, "sai-map", "Latn", } m["mch"] = { "Ye'kwana", 3082027, "sai-car", "Latn", sort_key = { remove_diacritics = "%-%s", from = {"'", "ñ", "ö", "sh", "ü"}, to = {"’", "n" .. p[1], "o" .. p[1], "s" .. p[1], "u" .. p[1]} } } m["mci"] = { "Mese", 6821190, } m["mcj"] = { "Mvanip", 3913281, "nic-mmb", "Latn", } m["mck"] = { "Mbunda", 34170, "bnt-clu", "Latn", } m["mcl"] = { "Macaguaje", 6722435, "sai-tuc", "Latn", } m["mcm"] = { "Kristang", 2669169, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "pt", } m["mcn"] = { "Masana", 56668, "cdc-mas", } m["mco"] = { "Coatlán Mixe", 25559716, "nai-miz", "Latn", } m["mcp"] = { "Makaa", 35803, "bnt-mka", } m["mcq"] = { "Ese", 5397551, "ngf", "Latn", } m["mcr"] = { "Menya", 11732444, "ngf", } m["mcs"] = { "Mambai", 6748872, "alv-mbm", } m["mcu"] = { "Cameroon Mambila", 19359039, "nic-mmb", "Latn", } m["mcv"] = { "Minanibai", 6863167, "ngf", } m["mcw"] = { "Mawa", 3441333, "cdc-est", "Latn", } m["mcx"] = { "Mpiemo", 35908, "bnt-bek", } m["mcy"] = { "South Watut", 12953293, "poz-ocw", } m["mcz"] = { "Mawan", 11732429, "ngf-mad", } m["mda"] = { "Mada (Nigeria)", 3915843, "nic-nin", "Latn", } m["mdb"] = { "Morigi", 6912195, "paa-kiw", } m["mdc"] = { "Male", 6742927, "ngf-mad", } m["mdd"] = { "Mbum", 36170, "alv-mbm", } m["mde"] = { "Bura Mabang", 35860, "ssa", "Arab, Latn", } m["mdf"] = { "မို့ခ်ရှာ", 13343, "urj-mdv", "Cyrl", translit = "mdf-translit", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.acute}, override_translit = true, sort_key = "mdf-sortkey", } m["mdg"] = { "Massalat", 759984, } m["mdh"] = { "Maguindanao", 33717, "phi", "Latn, Arab", } m["mdi"] = { "Mamvu", 3033594, "csu-mle", } m["mdj"] = { "Mangbetu", 56327, "csu-maa", } m["mdk"] = { "Mangbutu", 6748877, "csu-mle", } m["mdl"] = { "Maltese Sign Language", 6744816, "sgn", } m["mdm"] = { "Mayogo", 6797580, "nic-nke", "Latn", } m["mdn"] = { "Mbati", 36165, "bnt-ngn", } m["mdp"] = { "Mbala", 6799583, "bnt-pen", } m["mdq"] = { "Mbole", 6799727, "bnt-mbe", } m["mdr"] = { "Mandar", 35995, "poz-ssw", "Bugi, Latn", } m["mds"] = { "Maria", 3448673, } m["mdt"] = { "Mbere", 36062, "bnt-mbt", } m["mdu"] = { "Mboko", 36058, "bnt-mbo", } m["mdv"] = { "Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec", 12953722, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mdw"] = { "Mbosi", 36035, "bnt-mbo", } m["mdx"] = { "Dizin", 35313, "omv-diz", } m["mdy"] = { "Maale", 795327, "omv-ome", } m["mdz"] = { "Suruí Do Pará", 10322149, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["mea"] = { "Menka", 36078, "nic-grs", "Latn", } m["meb"] = { "Ikobi-Mena", 11732241, "ngf", "Latn", } m["mec"] = { "Mara", 6772774, } m["med"] = { "Melpa", 36166, } m["mee"] = { "Mengen", 3305831, "poz-ocw", } m["mef"] = { "Megam", 6808589, } m["meg"] = { "Mea", 12952836, "poz-cln", } m["meh"] = { "Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec", 7070686, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mei"] = { "Midob", 36007, "nub", "Latn", } m["mej"] = { "Meyah", 11732436, "paa-wpa", } m["mek"] = { "Mekeo", 3304803, "poz-ocw", } m["mel"] = { "Central Melanau", 18638319, "poz-swa", "Latn", } m["mem"] = { "Mangala", 6748664, } m["men"] = { "မန်ဒဲ", 1478672, "dmn-msw", "Latn, Mend", } m["meo"] = { "Kedah Malay", 4925684, "poz-mly", "Latn, ms-Arab, Thai", entry_name = { from = {u(0xF70F)}, to = {"ญ"} }, sort_key = {Thai = "Thai-sortkey"}, } m["mep"] = { "Miriwung", 3111847, "aus-jar", "Latn", } m["meq"] = { "Merey", 3502314, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["mer"] = { "မီရု", 13313, "bnt-kka", "Latn", } m["mes"] = { "Masmaje", 3440448, } m["met"] = { "Mato", 3299190, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["meu"] = { "Motu", 33516, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mev"] = { "Mano", 3913286, "dmn-mda", "Latn", } m["mew"] = { "Maaka", 3438764, "cdc-wst", "Latn", } m["mey"] = { "Hassaniya Arabic", 56231, "sem-arb", "Arab", } m["mez"] = { "Menominee", 13363, "alg", "Latn", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = "·"}, } m["mfa"] = { "Pattani Malay", 1199751, "poz-mly", "Latn, ms-Arab, Thai", entry_name = { from = {u(0xF70F)}, to = {"ญ"} }, sort_key = {Thai = "Thai-sortkey"}, } m["mfb"] = { "Bangka", 3258818, "poz-mly", "Latn, Arab", } m["mfc"] = { "Mba", 4286464, "nic-mbc", "Latn", } m["mfd"] = { "Mendankwe-Nkwen", 11129537, "nic-nge", "Latn", } m["mfe"] = { "မောရစ်ရှ", 33661, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "fr", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["mff"] = { "Naki", 36083, "nic-bbe", "Latn", } m["mfg"] = { "Mixifore", 3914478, "dmn-mok", } m["mfh"] = { "Matal", 3501751, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["mfi"] = { "Wandala", 3441249, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["mfj"] = { "Mefele", 3501871, "cdc-cbm", } m["mfk"] = { "North Mofu", 56303, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["mfl"] = { "Putai", 56291, } m["mfm"] = { "Marghi South", 56248, } m["mfn"] = { "Cross River Mbembe", 3915395, "nic-uce", "Latn", } m["mfo"] = { "Mbe", 36075, "nic-eko", "Latn", } m["mfp"] = { "Makassar Malay", 12952776, "qfa-mix", "Latn", ancestors = "ms, mak" } m["mfq"] = { "Moba", 19921578, "nic-grm", "Latn", } m["mfr"] = { "Marrithiyel", 6773014, "aus-dal", "Latn", } m["mfs"] = { "Mexican Sign Language", 3915511, "sgn", "Latn", -- when documented } m["mft"] = { "Mokerang", 3319387, "poz-aay", "Latn", } m["mfu"] = { "Mbwela", 11004988, "bnt-clu", ancestors = "lch", } m["mfv"] = { "Mandjak", 35822, "alv-pap", } m["mfw"] = { "Mulaha", 6933720, } m["mfx"] = { "Melo", 6813268, "omv-nom", } m["mfy"] = { "Mayo", 56729, "azc-trc", "Latn", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = c.acute}, } m["mfz"] = { "Mabaan", 20526385, "sdv", } m["mga"] = { "အလယ်ပိုင်း အိုင်းရစ်ရှ်", 36116, "cel-gae", "Latn", ancestors = "sga", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.dotabove .. c.diaer .. "·"}, sort_key = "mga-sortkey", } m["mgb"] = { "Mararit", 56359, "sdv-tmn", } m["mgc"] = { "Morokodo", 6913216, "csu-bbk", "Latn", } m["mgd"] = { "Moru", 6915014, "csu-mma", } m["mge"] = { "Mango", 713659, "csu-sar", "Latn", } m["mgf"] = { "Maklew", 6739816, } m["mgg"] = { "Mpongmpong", 35924, "bnt-bek", } m["mgh"] = { "မာခူဝါ-မီအီတို", 33604, "bnt-mak", "Latn", ancestors = "vmw", } m["mgi"] = { "Jili", 3914497, "nic-pls", } m["mgj"] = { "Abureni", 3441256, "nic-cde", "Latn", } m["mgk"] = { "Mawes", 6794395, "paa", } m["mgl"] = { "Maleu-Kilenge", 3281884, } m["mgm"] = { "Mambae", 35774, "poz-tim", "Latn", } m["mgn"] = { "Mbangi", 11017443, "nic-ngd", "Latn", } m["mgo"] = { "မီတာ", 36054, "nic-mom", "Latn", } m["mgp"] = { "Eastern Magar", 12952758, "sit-gma", "Deva, Latn", } m["mgq"] = { "Malila", 6743679, "bnt-mby", "Latn", } m["mgr"] = { "Mambwe-Lungu", 626210, "bnt-mwi", "Latn", } m["mgs"] = { "Manda (Tanzania)", 16939267, "bnt-bki", } m["mgt"] = { "Mongol", 11260674, "paa", "Latn", } m["mgu"] = { "Mailu", 3278246, "ngf", } m["mgv"] = { "Matengo", 6786446, "bnt-mbi", "Latn", } m["mgw"] = { "Matumbi", 6791974, "bnt-mbi", "Latn", } m["mgy"] = { "Mbunga", 6799817, "bnt-kil", } m["mgz"] = { "Mbugwe", 3426367, "bnt-mra", } m["mha"] = { "Manda (India)", 56760, "dra-kki", "Orya", translit = "kxv-translit", } m["mhb"] = { "Mahongwe", 35816, "bnt-kel", } m["mhc"] = { "Mocho", 1941682, "myn", } m["mhd"] = { "Mbugu", 36152, "qfa-mix", "Latn", ancestors = "asa", } m["mhe"] = { "Besisi", 2742262, "mkh-asl", "Latn", } m["mhf"] = { "Mamaa", 6745346, "ngf-fin", "Latn", } m["mhg"] = { "Marrgu", 6772812, } m["mhi"] = { "Ma'di", 56670, "csu-mma", } m["mhj"] = { "Mogholi", 13336, "xgn", "fa-Arab, Latn", } m["mhk"] = { "Mungaka", 36068, "nic-nun", "Latn", } m["mhl"] = { "Mauwake", 6794095, "ngf-mad", } m["mhm"] = { "Makhuwa-Moniga", 6900145, "bnt-mak", } m["mhn"] = { "Mòcheno", 268130, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "bar", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = c.grave}, } m["mho"] = { "Mashi", 10962737, "bnt-kav", "Latn", } m["mhp"] = { "Balinese Malay", 12473441, "crp", "Latn, Bali, ms-Arab", } m["mhq"] = { "Mandan", 1957120, "sio", "Latn", } m["mhr"] = { "Eastern Mari", 3906614, "chm", "Cyrl", translit = "chm-translit", override_translit = true, entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute}, sort_key = { from = {"ё", "ҥ", "ӧ", "ӱ"}, to = {"е" .. p[1], "н" .. p[1], "о" .. p[1], "у" .. p[1]} } } m["mhs"] = { "Buru (Indonesia)", 2928650, "poz-cma", "Latn", } m["mht"] = { "Mandahuaca", 6747924, "awd-nwk", } m["mhu"] = { "Taraon", 56400, "sit-gsi", "Latn", } m["mhw"] = { "Mbukushu", 2691548, } m["mhx"] = { "Lhao Vo", 11149315, "tbq-brm", "Latn", } m["mhy"] = { "Ma'anyan", 2328761, "poz-bre", "Latn", } m["mhz"] = { "Mor (Austronesian)", 2122792, "poz-hce", "Latn", } m["mia"] = { "Miami", 56523, "alg", "Latn", } m["mib"] = { "Atatláhuca Mixtec", 32093046, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mic"] = { "Mi'kmaq", 13321, "alg-eas", "Latn", } m["mid"] = { "မစ်ခ်မက်ခ်", 6991742, "sem-ase", "Mand", ancestors = "myz", } m["mie"] = { "Ocotepec Mixtec", 25559575, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mif"] = { "Mofu-Gudur", 1365132, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["mig"] = { "San Miguel el Grande Mixtec", 12953719, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mih"] = { "Chayuco Mixtec", 13583510, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mii"] = { "Chigmecatitlán Mixtec", 12953724, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mij"] = { "Mungbam", 34725, "nic-beb", "Latn", } m["mik"] = { "Mikasuki", 13316, "nai-mus", "Latn", } m["mil"] = { "Peñoles Mixtec", 42411307, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mim"] = { "Alacatlatzala Mixtec", 14697894, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["min"] = { "စူကူမီနန်", 13324, "poz-mly", "Latn, Arab", } m["mio"] = { "Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec", 7196415, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mip"] = { "Apasco-Apoala Mixtec", 13583505, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["miq"] = { "Miskito", 1516803, "nai-min", "Latn", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.circ}, } m["mir"] = { "Isthmus Mixe", 6088873, "nai-miz", "Latn", } m["mit"] = { "Southern Puebla Mixtec", 7570345, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["miu"] = { "Cacaloxtepec Mixtec", 12953723, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["miw"] = { "Akoye", 3327462, "ngf", "Latn", } m["mix"] = { "Mixtepec Mixtec", 6884125, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["miy"] = { "Ayutla Mixtec", 13583508, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["miz"] = { "Coatzospan Mixtec", 3317290, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mjb"] = { "Makalero", 35729, "ngf", "Latn", } m["mjc"] = { "San Juan Colorado Mixtec", 12953718, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mjd"] = { "Northwest Maidu", 3198700, "nai-mdu", "Latn", } m["mje"] = { "Muskum", 3913334, } -- mjg "Monguor" is not recognized as a language, but it is a family code m["mji"] = { "Kim Mun", 1115317, "hmx-mie", "Latn", } m["mjj"] = { "Mawak", 11732427, "ngf-mad", } m["mjk"] = { "Matukar", 6791963, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mjl"] = { "Mandeali", 6747931, "him", "Deva, Takr", translit = "hi-translit", } m["mjm"] = { "Medebur", 6805227, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mjn"] = { "Mebu", 6804364, "ngf-fin", } m["mjo"] = { "Malankuravan", 14916887, "dra-mal", } m["mjp"] = { "Malapandaram", 10575729, "dra-tam", } m["mjq"] = { "Malaryan", 12952773, "dra-mal", } m["mjr"] = { "Malavedan", 12952775, "dra-mal", "Mlym", translit = "ml-translit", } m["mjs"] = { "Miship", 3441264, "cdc-wst", "Latn", } m["mjt"] = { "Sawriya Paharia", 33907, "dra-mlo", "Beng, Deva", } m["mju"] = { "Manna-Dora", 10576453, "dra-tel", } m["mjv"] = { "Mannan", 3286037, "dra-tam", "Mlym, Taml", translit = { Mlym = "ml-translit", Taml = "ta-translit", }, } m["mjw"] = { "Karbi", 56591, "tbq-kuk", "Latn", } m["mjx"] = { "Mahali", 12953686, "mun", } m["mjy"] = { "Mahican", 3182562, "alg-eas", "Latn", } m["mjz"] = { "Majhi", 6737786, "inc-bih", } m["mka"] = { "Mbre", 3450154, "nic", --unclassified within niger-congo tho } m["mkb"] = { "Mal Paharia", 6583595, "inc-eas", "Deva", } m["mkc"] = { "Siliput", 7515090, "qfa-tor", "Latn", } m["mke"] = { "Mawchi", 21403317, } m["mkf"] = { "Miya", 43328, "cdc-wst", "Latn", } m["mkg"] = { "Mak (China)", 3280623, "qfa-kms", } m["mki"] = { "Dhatki", 32480, "raj", } m["mkj"] = { "Mokilese", 2335528, "poz-mic", "Latn", } m["mkk"] = { "Byep", 35052, "bnt-mka", } m["mkl"] = { "Mokole", 36047, "alv-yor", "Latn", } m["mkm"] = { "Moklen", 3319380, } m["mkn"] = { "Kupang Malay", 18458203, "crp", "Latn", } m["mko"] = { "Mingang Doso", 3915382, "alv-bwj", } m["mkp"] = { "Moikodi", 6894594, "ngf", } m["mkq"] = { "Bay Miwok", 3460957, "nai-you", "Latn", } m["mkr"] = { "Malas", 11732402, "ngf-mad", } m["mks"] = { "Silacayoapan Mixtec", 7514027, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mkt"] = { "Vamale", 14916907, "poz-cln", "Latn", } m["mku"] = { "Konyanka Maninka", 11163298, "dmn-mnk", } m["mkv"] = { "Mav̋ea", 3073532, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["mkx"] = { "Cinamiguin Manobo", 12953697, "mno", "Latn", } m["mky"] = { "East Makian", 3512690, "poz-hce", "Latn", } m["mkz"] = { "Makasae", 35782, "ngf", "Latn", } m["mla"] = { "Tamambo", 1153276, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["mlb"] = { "Mbule", 35843, "nic-ymb", "Latn", } m["mlc"] = { "Caolan", 3446682, "tai-cho", "Latn, Hani", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mle"] = { "Manambu", 11732406, "paa-spk", "Latn", } m["mlf"] = { "Mal", 3281057, "mkh-khm", } m["mlh"] = { "Mape", 6753787, } m["mli"] = { "Malimpung", 12473435, } m["mlj"] = { "Miltu", 3441310, } m["mlk"] = { "Ilwana", 6001357, "bnt-sab", } m["mll"] = { "Malua Bay", 6744946, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["mlm"] = { "Mulam", 3092284, "qfa-kms", "Latn", } m["mln"] = { "Malango", 3281522, "poz-sls", "Latn", } m["mlo"] = { "Mlomp", 36009, "alv-bak", } m["mlp"] = { "Bargam", 4860543, "ngf-mad", "Latn", } m["mlq"] = { "Western Maninkakan", 11028033, "dmn-wmn", } m["mlr"] = { "Vame", 3515088, } m["mls"] = { "Masalit", 56557, "ssa", } m["mlu"] = { "To'abaita", 36645, "poz-sls", "Latn", } m["mlv"] = { "Mwotlap", 2475538, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["mlw"] = { "Moloko", 1965222, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["mlx"] = { "Malfaxal", 2157421, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["mlz"] = { "Malaynon", 18755512, "phi", } m["mma"] = { "Mama", 3913963, "nic-jrn", } m["mmb"] = { "Momina", 6897297, } m["mmc"] = { "Michoacán Mazahua", 12953705, "oto", "Latn", } m["mmd"] = { "Maonan", 3092293, "qfa-kms", "Latn", } m["mme"] = { "Tirax", 3276286, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["mmf"] = { "Mundat", 56263, "cdc-wst", "Latn", } m["mmg"] = { "North Ambrym", 2842468, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["mmh"] = { "Mehináku", 3501838, "awd", "Latn", } m["mmi"] = { "Musar", 6940113, "ngf-mad", } m["mmj"] = { "Majhwar", 6737795, } m["mmk"] = { "Mukha-Dora", 6933447, } m["mml"] = { "Man Met", 3194984, "mkh-pal", } m["mmm"] = { "Maii", 6735599, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["mmn"] = { "Mamanwa", 3206623, "phi", "Latn", } m["mmo"] = { "Mangga Buang", 12952294, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mmp"] = { "Musan", 2605703, "paa-asa", } m["mmq"] = { "Aisi", 6940074, "ngf-mad", "Latn", } m["mmr"] = { "Western Xiangxi Miao", 3307901, "hmn", "Latn", } m["mmt"] = { "Malalamai", 3281496, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mmu"] = { "Mmaala", 13123461, "nic-ymb", "Latn", } m["mmv"] = { "Miriti", 6873567, "sai-tuc", "Latn", } m["mmw"] = { "Emae", 3051961, "poz-pnp", "Latn", } m["mmx"] = { "Madak", 3275205, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mmy"] = { "Migaama", 56259, "cdc-est", "Latn", } m["mmz"] = { "Mabaale", 11003249, "bnt-ngn", } m["mna"] = { "Mbula", 3303572, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mnb"] = { "Muna", 6935584, "poz-mun", "Latn", } m["mnc"] = { "မန်ချူး", 33638, "tuw-jrc", "mnc-Mong, Latn", ancestors = "juc", translit = "mnc-translit", } m["mnd"] = { "Mondé", 6898840, "tup", "Latn", } m["mne"] = { "Naba", 760732, "csu-bgr", } m["mnf"] = { "Mundani", 35839, "nic-mom", "Latn", } m["mng"] = { "Eastern Mnong", 12953747, "mkh-ban", "Latn, Khmr", } m["mnh"] = { "Mono (Congo)", 33501, "bad-cnt", "Latn", } m["mni"] = { "မဏိပူရ", 33868, "sit", "Mtei, Beng", ancestors = "omp", translit = {Mtei = "Mtei-translit"}, } m["mnj"] = { "Munji", 33639, "ira-mny", "Arab", } m["mnk"] = { "Mandinka", 33678, "dmn-wmn", "Latn", } m["mnl"] = { "Tiale", 6744350, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["mnm"] = { "Mapena", 11732415, } m["mnn"] = { "Southern Mnong", 23857582, "mkh-ban", } m["mnp"] = { "Northern Min", 36457, "zhx-inm", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", translit = "zh-translit", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["mnq"] = { "Minriq", 2742268, "mkh-asl", } m["mnr"] = { "Mono (California)", 33591, "azc-num", "Latn", } m["mnt"] = { "Maykulan", 3915696, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["mnu"] = { "Mer", 6817854, } m["mnv"] = { "Rennellese", 3397346, "poz-pnp", "Latn", } m["mnw"] = { "မွန်", 13349, "mkh-mnc", "Mymr", ancestors = "mkh-mmn", translit = "mnw-translit", sort_key = { from = {"ျ", "ြ", "ွ", "ှ", "ၞ", "ၟ", "ၠ", "ၚ", "ဿ"}, to = {"္ယ", "္ရ", "္ဝ", "္ဟ", "္န", "္မ", "္လ", "င", "သ္သ"} }, } m["mnx"] = { "Manikion", 3507964, "paa-wpa", } m["mny"] = { "Manyawa", 11002622, "bnt-mak", ancestors = "vmw", } m["mnz"] = { "Moni", 6899857, } m["moa"] = { "Mwan", 3320111, "dmn-nbe", "Latn", } m["moc"] = { "Mocoví", 3027906, "sai-guc", "Latn", } m["mod"] = { "Mobilian", 13333, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "cho, cic", } m["moe"] = { "Montagnais", 13351, "alg", "Latn", ancestors = "cr", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.macron}, } m["mog"] = { "Mongondow", 3058458, "phi", "Latn", } m["moh"] = { "မိုဟော့ခ်", 13339, "iro-nor", "Latn", ancestors = "iro-omo", } m["moi"] = { "Mboi", 3914417, "alv-yun", } m["moj"] = { "Monzombo", 11154772, "nic-nkk", "Latn", } m["mok"] = { "Morori", 6913275, } m["mom"] = { "Monimbo", 56542, } m["moo"] = { "Monom", 6901726, "mkh-ban", } m["mop"] = { "Mopan Maya", 36183, "myn", "Latn", } m["moq"] = { "Mor (Papuan)", 11732468, "paa", } m["mor"] = { "Moro", 36172, "alv-hei", "Latn", } m["mos"] = { "မိုစီ", 36096, "nic-mre", "Latn", } m["mot"] = { "Barí", 2886281, "cba", "Latn", } m["mou"] = { "Mogum", 3440473, "cdc-est", "Latn", } m["mov"] = { "Mojave", 56510, "nai-yuc", "Latn", } m["mow"] = { "Moi (Congo)", 11124792, "bnt-bmo", "Latn", } m["mox"] = { "Molima", 3319495, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["moy"] = { "Shekkacho", 56827, "omv-gon", } m["moz"] = { "Mukulu", 3440403, "cdc-est", } m["mpa"] = { "Mpoto", 6928303, "bnt-mbi", } m["mpb"] = { "Mullukmulluk", 6741120, } m["mpc"] = { "Mangarayi", 6748829, } m["mpd"] = { "Machinere", 12953681, "awd", "Latn", } m["mpe"] = { "Majang", 56724, "sdv", } m["mpg"] = { "Marba", 56614, "cdc-mas", } m["mph"] = { "Maung", 6792550, "aus-wdj", "Latn", } m["mpi"] = { "Mpade", 3280670, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["mpj"] = { "Martu Wangka", 3295916, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["mpk"] = { "Mbara (Chad)", 3912770, "cdc-cbm", } m["mpl"] = { "Middle Watut", 15887910, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mpm"] = { "Yosondúa Mixtec", 12953741, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mpn"] = { "Mindiri", 6863842, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mpo"] = { "Miu", 6883668, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mpp"] = { "Migabac", 11732448, } m["mpq"] = { "Matís", 3299145, "sai-pan", "Latn", } m["mpr"] = { "Vangunu", 3554582, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mps"] = { "Dadibi", 5208077, "ngf", "Latn", } m["mpt"] = { "Mian", 12952846, "ngf-okk", "Latn", } m["mpu"] = { "Makuráp", 3281037, "tup", "Latn", } m["mpv"] = { "Mungkip", 11732485, "ngf-fin", "Latn", } m["mpw"] = { "Mapidian", 6753812, "awd", "Latn", } m["mpx"] = { "Misima-Paneati", 6875666, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mpy"] = { "Mapia", 3287224, "poz-mic", "Latn", } m["mpz"] = { "Mpi", 6928276, "tbq-bka", } m["mqa"] = { "Maba", 3273750, } m["mqb"] = { "Mbuko", 3502213, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["mqc"] = { "Mangole", 6749097, "poz-cma", "Latn", } m["mqe"] = { "Matepi", 11732426, "ngf-mad", } m["mqf"] = { "Momuna", 6897518, } m["mqg"] = { "Kota Bangun Kutai Malay", 12952778, } m["mqh"] = { "Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec", 12953740, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mqi"] = { "Mariri", 6765544, } m["mqj"] = { "Mamasa", 6745452, "poz-ssw", "Latn", } m["mqk"] = { "Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo", 12953700, "mno", } m["mql"] = { "Mbelime", 4286473, "nic-eov", } m["mqm"] = { "South Marquesan", 19694214, "poz-pep", "Latn", } m["mqn"] = { "Moronene", 642581, "poz-btk", "Latn", } m["mqo"] = { "Modole", 11732457, "paa-nha", } m["mqp"] = { "Manipa", 6749799, "poz-cma", "Latn", } m["mqq"] = { "Minokok", 18642293, } m["mqr"] = { "Mander", 6747979, "paa-tkw", } m["mqs"] = { "West Makian", 3033575, "paa-nha", "Latn", } m["mqt"] = { "Mok", 13018559, "mkh-pal", } m["mqu"] = { "Mandari", 3285426, "sdv-bri", } m["mqv"] = { "Mosimo", 11732478, "ngf-mad", "Latn", } m["mqw"] = { "Murupi", 11732486, "ngf-mad", "Latn", } m["mqx"] = { "Mamuju", 6746004, "poz-ssw", "Latn", } m["mqy"] = { "Manggarai", 3285748, "poz-cet", "Latn", } m["mqz"] = { "Malasanga", 14916889, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mra"] = { "Mlabri", 3073465, "mkh", } m["mrb"] = { "Sungwadia", 3293299, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["mrc"] = { "Maricopa", 56386, "nai-yuc", "Latn", } m["mrd"] = { "Western Magar", 22303263, "sit-gma", "Deva", } m["mre"] = { "Martha's Vineyard Sign Language", 33494, "sgn", "Latn, Sgnw", } m["mrf"] = { "Elseng", 3915667, "paa-brd", } m["mrg"] = { "Mising", 3316328, "sit-tan", "Latn, Beng, Deva", ancestors = "adi", } m["mrh"] = { "Mara Chin", 4175893, "tbq-kuk", "Latn", } m["mrj"] = { "Western Mari", 1776032, "chm", "Cyrl", translit = "chm-translit", sort_key = "mrj-sortkey", } m["mrk"] = { "Hmwaveke", 5873712, "poz-cln", "Latn", } m["mrl"] = { "Mortlockese", 3324598, "poz-mic", "Latn", } m["mrm"] = { "Mwerlap", 3331115, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["mrn"] = { "Cheke Holo", 2962165, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mro"] = { "Mru", 1951521, "sit-mru", "Latn, Mroo", } m["mrp"] = { "Morouas", 6913299, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["mrq"] = { "North Marquesan", 2603808, "poz-pep", "Latn", } m["mrr"] = { "Hill Maria", 27602, "dra-mdy", "Deva", } m["mrs"] = { "Maragus", 6754640, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["mrt"] = { "Margi", 56241, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["mru"] = { "Mono (Cameroon)", 11031964, "alv-mbm", "Latn", } m["mrv"] = { "Mangarevan", 36237, "poz-pep", "Latn", } m["mrw"] = { "Maranao", 33800, "phi", "Latn, Arab", } m["mrx"] = { "Dineor", 5278044, "paa-tkw", } m["mry"] = { "Karaga Mandaya", 6747925, "phi", } m["mrz"] = { "Marind", 6763970, } m["msb"] = { "Masbatenyo", 33948, "phi", "Latn", } m["msc"] = { "Sankaran Maninka", 11155812, "dmn-mnk", } m["msd"] = { "Yucatec Maya Sign Language", 34281, "sgn", "Latn", -- when documented } m["mse"] = { "Musey", 56328, "cdc-mas", } m["msf"] = { "Mekwei", 4544752, "paa-nim", "Latn", } m["msg"] = { "Moraid", 6909020, } m["msi"] = { "Sabah Malay", 10867404, "crp", } m["msj"] = { "Ma", 6720909, "nic-mbc", "Latn", } m["msk"] = { "Mansaka", 12952800, "phi", "Latn", } m["msl"] = { "Molof", 4300950, } m["msm"] = { "Agusan Manobo", 12953696, "mno", "Latn", } m["msn"] = { "Vurës", 3563857, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["mso"] = { "Mombum", 6897079, } m["msp"] = { "Maritsauá", 6765915, "tup", "Latn", } m["msq"] = { "Caac", 2932212, "poz-cln", "Latn", } m["msr"] = { "Mongolian Sign Language", 3915499, "sgn", } m["mss"] = { "West Masela", 12952816, "poz-tim", } m["msu"] = { "Musom", 6943041, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["msv"] = { "Maslam", 3502273, } m["msw"] = { "Mansoanka", 35814, } m["msx"] = { "Moresada", 11732475, } m["msy"] = { "Aruamu", 3501809, "paa", "Latn", } m["msz"] = { "Momare", 6897030, } m["mta"] = { "Cotabato Manobo", 12953698, "mno", "Latn", } m["mtb"] = { "Anyin Morofo", 3502338, "alv-ctn", "Latn", ancestors = "any", } m["mtc"] = { "Munit", 11732482, "ngf-mad", } m["mtd"] = { "Mualang", 3073458, "poz-mly", "Latn", } m["mte"] = { "Alu", 33503, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mtf"] = { "Murik (New Guinea)", 7050035, "paa-lsp", "Latn", } m["mtg"] = { "Una", 5580728, } m["mth"] = { "Munggui", 6936018, "poz-hce", "Latn", } m["mti"] = { "Maiwa (New Guinea)", 6737223, "ngf", "Latn", } m["mtj"] = { "Moskona", 11288953, } m["mtk"] = { "Mbe'", 10964025, "nic-nka", "Latn", } m["mtl"] = { "Montol", 3440457, "cdc-wst", "Latn", } m["mtm"] = { "Mator", 20669419, "syd", "Cyrl", } m["mtn"] = { "Matagalpa", 3490756, "nai-min", } m["mto"] = { "Totontepec Mixe", 7828400, "nai-miz", "Latn", } m["mtp"] = { "Wichí Lhamtés Nocten", 5908756, "sai-wic", "Latn", } m["mtq"] = { "Muong", 3236789, "mkh-vie", "Latn", sort_key = "vi-sortkey", } m["mtr"] = { "Mewari", 2992857, "raj", "Deva", translit = "hi-translit", -- for now } m["mts"] = { "Yora", 3572572, "sai-pan", "Latn", } m["mtt"] = { "Mota", 3325052, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["mtu"] = { "Tututepec Mixtec", 7857069, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mtv"] = { "Asaro'o", 3503684, "ngf-fin", "Latn", } m["mtw"] = { "Magahat", 6729600, "phi", } m["mtx"] = { "Tidaá Mixtec", 7800805, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mty"] = { "Nabi", 6956858, "qfa-tor", "Latn", } m["mua"] = { "မွန်ဒန်", 36032, "alv-mbm", } m["mub"] = { "Mubi", 3440518, "cdc-est", "Latn", } m["muc"] = { "Mbu'", 35868, "nic-beb", "Latn", } m["mud"] = { "Mednyj Aleut", 1977419, "qfa-mix", ancestors = "ale, ru" } m["mue"] = { "Media Lengua", 36066, "qfa-mix", "Latn", ancestors = "es, qu", } m["mug"] = { "Musgu", 3123545, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["muh"] = { "Mündü", 35981, "nic-nke", "Latn", } m["mui"] = { "Musi", 615660, "poz-mly", "Latn", } m["muj"] = { "Mabire", 3440437, } m["mul"] = { "ဘုံဝေါဟာရ", 7834564, "qfa-not", "All", -- NOTE: The following sort keys are used in process_page() in [[Module:Wt/rki/headword/page]], which generates -- the default sort key for the page (corresponding to {{Wt/rki/DEFAULTSORT:...}}) by generating a sort key for -- the pagename using `makeSortKey()` called on language object "mul". Currently this just handles -- Japanese sort keys. -- -- FIXME: This should be smarter and use the language of the page if there's only one. sort_key = { Hani = "Hani-sortkey", Jpan = "Jpan-sortkey", Hrkt = "Hira-sortkey", -- Sort all kana as Hira. Hira = "Hira-sortkey", Kana = "Hira-sortkey", }, standardChars = "AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz" .. c.punc, } m["mum"] = { "Maiwala", 12952764, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["muo"] = { "Nyong", 36373, "alv-lek", } m["mup"] = { "Malvi", 33413, "raj", "Deva", translit = "hi-translit" } m["muq"] = { "Eastern Xiangxi Miao", 27431376, "hmn", } m["mur"] = { "Murle", 56727, "sdv", } m["mus"] = { "ခရိချ", 523014, "nai-mus", "Latn", } m["mut"] = { "Western Muria", 12952886, "dra-mur", } m["muu"] = { "Yaaku", 34222, "cus-eas", } m["muv"] = { "Muthuvan", 3327420, "dra-tam", } m["mux"] = { "Bo-Ung", 15831607, } m["muy"] = { "Muyang", 3502301, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["muz"] = { "Mursi", 36013, "sdv", } m["mva"] = { "Manam", 6746851, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mvb"] = { "Mattole", 20824, "ath-pco", "Latn", } m["mvd"] = { "Mamboru", 578815, "poz", } m["mvg"] = { "Yucuañe Mixtec", 25562736, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mvh"] = { "Mire", 3441359, } m["mvi"] = { "Miyako", 36218, "jpx-sry", "Jpan", translit = s["jpx-translit"], display_text = s["jpx-displaytext"], entry_name = s["jpx-entryname"], sort_key = s["jpx-sortkey"], } m["mvk"] = { "Mekmek", 6810592, "paa-yua", } m["mvl"] = { "Mbara (Australia)", 6799620, "aus-pam", } m["mvm"] = { "Muya", 2422759, "sit-qia", } m["mvn"] = { "Minaveha", 6863278, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mvo"] = { "Marovo", 3294683, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mvp"] = { "Duri", 3915414, "poz-ssw", "Latn", } m["mvq"] = { "Moere", 11732458, "ngf-mad", } m["mvr"] = { "Marau", 6755069, "poz-hce", "Latn", } m["mvs"] = { "Massep", 3502895, "paa-tkw", } m["mvt"] = { "Mpotovoro", 6928305, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["mvu"] = { "Marfa", 713633, } m["mvv"] = { "Tagal Murut", 7675300, "poz-san", "Latn", } m["mvw"] = { "Machinga", 12952754, "bnt-rvm", } m["mvx"] = { "Meoswar", 6817777, "poz-hce", "Latn", } m["mvy"] = { "Indus Kohistani", 33399, "inc-koh", "Arab", } m["mvz"] = { "Mesqan", 6821677, "sem-eth", } m["mwa"] = { "Mwatebu", 14916896, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mwb"] = { "Juwal", 6319103, "qfa-tor", "Latn", } m["mwc"] = { "Are", 29277, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mwe"] = { "Mwera", 6944725, "bnt-rvm", "Latn", } m["mwf"] = { "Murrinh-Patha", 2980398, "aus-dal", "Latn", } m["mwg"] = { "Aiklep", 3399652, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mwh"] = { "Mouk-Aria", 3325498, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mwi"] = { "Labo", 2157452, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["mwk"] = { "Kita Maninkakan", 3015523, "dmn-wmn", } m["mwl"] = { "မီရန်ဒီးဇ်", 13330, "roa-asl", "Latn", } m["mwm"] = { "Sar", 56850, "csu-sar", "Latn", } m["mwn"] = { "Nyamwanga", 6944666, "bnt-mwi", } m["mwo"] = { "Sungwadaga", 3276435, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["mwp"] = { "Kala Lagaw Ya", 2591262, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["mwq"] = { "Mün Chin", 331340, "tbq-kuk", } m["mwr"] = { "Marwari", 56312, "raj", "Deva, Mahj", translit = { Deva = "hi-translit", -- for now Mahj = "Mahj-translit", }, } m["mws"] = { "Mwimbi-Muthambi", 15632357, "bnt-kka", "Latn", } m["mwt"] = { "Moken", 18648701, "poz", } m["mwu"] = { "Mittu", 6883573, "csu-bbk", "Latn", } m["mwv"] = { "Mentawai", 13365, "poz-nws", "Latn", } m["mww"] = { "White Hmong", 3138829, "hmn", "Latn, Hmng, Hmnp", } m["mwz"] = { "Moingi", 11011905, } m["mxa"] = { "Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec", 12953739, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mxb"] = { "Tezoatlán Mixtec", 3317286, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mxd"] = { "Modang", 6888037, "poz", } m["mxe"] = { "Mele-Fila", 3305008, "poz-pnp", "Latn", } m["mxf"] = { "Malgbe", 3502224, } m["mxg"] = { "Mbangala", 6799612, "bnt-yak", } m["mxh"] = { "Mvuba", 6944591, "csu-mle", "Latn", } m["mxi"] = { "Mozarabic", 317044, "roa-ibe", "Arab, Hebr, Latn", translit = "mxi-translit", display_text = { Hebr = "Hebr-common", }, entry_name = { Arab = "ar-entryname", Hebr = "Hebr-common", }, sort_key = { Hebr = "Hebr-common", }, } m["mxj"] = { "Miju", 56332, "sit-mdz", "Latn, Deva", } m["mxk"] = { "Monumbo", 6906792, "qfa-tor", } m["mxl"] = { "Maxi Gbe", 35770, "alv-gbe", } m["mxm"] = { "Meramera", 6817936, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["mxn"] = { "Moi (Indonesia)", 11732459, "paa", } m["mxo"] = { "Mbowe", 10962309, "bnt-kav", } m["mxp"] = { "Tlahuitoltepec Mixe", 7810697, } m["mxq"] = { "Juquila Mixe", 25559721, } m["mxr"] = { "Murik (Malaysia)", 3328150, nil, "Latn", } m["mxs"] = { "Huitepec Mixtec", 12953729, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mxt"] = { "Jamiltepec Mixtec", 12953730, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mxu"] = { "Mada (Cameroon)", 3441206, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["mxv"] = { "Metlatónoc Mixtec", 36363, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mxw"] = { "Namo", 12952923, } m["mxx"] = { "Mahou", 11004334, "dmn-mnk", } m["mxy"] = { "Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec", 7070684, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mxz"] = { "Central Masela", 42575433, "poz-tim", "Latn", } m["myb"] = { "Mbay", 3033565, "csu-sar", "Latn", } m["myc"] = { "Mayeka", 11129517, "bnt-boa", } m["mye"] = { "Myene", 35832, "bnt-tso", "Latn", } m["myf"] = { "Bambassi", 56540, "omv-mao", "Latn", } m["myg"] = { "Manta", 35799, "nic-mom", "Latn", } m["myh"] = { "Makah", 3280640, "wak", "Latn", } m["myj"] = { "Mangayat", 35988, "nic-ser", } m["myk"] = { "Mamara Senoufo", 36187, "alv-sma", "Latn", } m["myl"] = { "Moma", 6897018, "poz", } m["mym"] = { "Me'en", 3408516, "sdv", } m["myo"] = { "Anfillo", 34928, "omv-gon", } m["myp"] = { "Pirahã", 33825, "sai-mur", "Latn", } m["myr"] = { "Muniche", 3915654, } m["mys"] = { "Mesmes", 3508617, "sem-eth", } m["myu"] = { "Mundurukú", 746723, "tup", "Latn", } m["myv"] = { "အီဇယာ", 29952, "urj-mdv", "Cyrl", translit = "myv-translit", override_translit = true, } m["myw"] = { "Muyuw", 3502878, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["myx"] = { "Masaba", 12952814, "bnt-msl", "Latn", } m["myy"] = { "Macuna", 3275059, "sai-tuc", "Latn", } m["myz"] = { "Classical Mandaic", 25559314, "sem-ase", "Mand", } m["mza"] = { "Santa María Zacatepec Mixtec", 8063756, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["mzb"] = { "Northern Saharan Berber", 11156769, "ber", "Arab, Latn, Tfng", } m["mzc"] = { "Madagascar Sign Language", 12715020, "sgn", } m["mzd"] = { "Malimba", 35806, "bnt-saw", } m["mze"] = { "Morawa", 6909384, } m["mzg"] = { "Monastic Sign Language", 3217333, "sgn", } m["mzh"] = { "Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay", 7998197, "sai-wic", "Latn", } m["mzi"] = { "Ixcatlán Mazatec", 6101049, "omq-maz", "Latn", } m["mzj"] = { "Manya", 11006832, "dmn-mnk", } m["mzk"] = { "Nigeria Mambila", 11004163, "nic-mmb", "Latn", } m["mzl"] = { "Mazatlán Mixe", 25559728, } m["mzm"] = { "Mumuye", 36021, "alv-mum", "Latn", } m["mzn"] = { "မာဇန်ဒါရန်နီ", 13356, "ira-msh", "mzn-Arab", } m["mzo"] = { "Matipuhy", 6787588, "sai-kui", "Latn", } m["mzp"] = { "Movima", 1659701, "qfa-iso", } m["mzq"] = { "Mori Atas", 3324070, "poz-btk", } m["mzr"] = { "Marúbo", 3296011, "sai-pan", "Latn", } m["mzs"] = { "Macanese", 35785, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "pt", sort_key = {Latn = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ .. c.tilde .. c.diaer .. c.cedilla}}, } m["mzt"] = { "Mintil", 6869641, "mkh-asl", } m["mzu"] = { "Inapang", 6013569, "paa", "Latn", } m["mzv"] = { "Manza", 36038, "gba-eas", } m["mzw"] = { "Deg", 35183, "nic-gnw", "Latn", } m["mzx"] = { "Mawayana", 6794377, "awd", } m["mzy"] = { "Mozambican Sign Language", 6927809, "sgn", } m["mzz"] = { "Maiadomu", 6735234, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } return require("Module:Wt/rki/languages").finalizeData(m, "language") 9fiterzgr7up7y4scqbc64f6t10jw7n 828 3784769 7240198 7234090 2026-07-05T13:48:43Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240198 Scribunto text/plain local m_langdata = require("Module:Wt/rki/languages/data") -- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data). local function u(...) u = require("Module:Wt/rki/string utilities").char return u(...) end local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} m["uam"] = { "Uamué", 3441418, } m["uan"] = { "Kuan", 6441085, } m["uar"] = { "Tairuma", 7676386, "ngf", } m["uba"] = { "Ubang", 3914467, "nic-ben", "Latn", } m["ubi"] = { "Ubi", 56264, } m["ubl"] = { "Buhi'non Bikol", 18664494, "phi", "Latn", } m["ubr"] = { "Ubir", 3547642, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["ubu"] = { "Umbu-Ungu", 12953245, "ngf", "Latn", } m["uby"] = { "Ubykh", 36931, "cau-nwc", "Cyrl, Latn", translit = "uby-translit", override_translit = true, display_text = {Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-displaytext"]}, entry_name = { Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-entryname"], Latn = s["cau-Latn-entryname"], }, sort_key = "uby-sortkey", } m["uda"] = { "Uda", 11011951, "nic-lcr", } m["ude"] = { "Udihe", 13235, "tuw-udg", "Cyrl", } m["udg"] = { "Muduga", 16886762, "dra-imd", "Mlym", translit = "ml-translit", } m["udi"] = { "Udi", 36867, "cau-esm", "Cyrl, Latn, Armn, Geor", ancestors = "xag", translit = { Cyrl = "udi-translit", Armn = "Armn-translit", Geor = "Geor-translit", }, override_translit = true, display_text = {Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-displaytext"]}, entry_name = { Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-entryname"], Latn = s["cau-Latn-entryname"], }, } m["udj"] = { "Ujir", 14916906, "poz-cet", } m["udl"] = { "Uldeme", 3515078, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["udm"] = { "အူမူရတ်", 13238, "urj-prm", "Cyrl", translit = "udm-translit", override_translit = true, sort_key = "udm-sortkey", } m["udu"] = { "Uduk", 3182573, "ssa-kom", } m["ues"] = { "Kioko", 18343036, } m["ufi"] = { "Ufim", 7877531, "ngf-fin", "Latn", } m["uga"] = { "Ugaritic", 36928, "sem-nwe", "Ugar", translit = { Ugar = "uga-translit", } } m["ugb"] = { "Kuku-Ugbanh", 10549854, } m["uge"] = { "Ughele", 966303, "poz-ocw", } m["ugn"] = { "Ugandan Sign Language", 7877677, "sgn", } m["ugo"] = { "Gong", 3448919, "tbq-lob", "Thai", sort_key = "Thai-sortkey", } m["ugy"] = { "Uruguayan Sign Language", 7901470, "sgn", } m["uha"] = { "Uhami", 3913328, "alv-nwd", "Latn", } m["uhn"] = { "Damal", 4748974, } m["uis"] = { "Uisai", 7878123, "paa-sbo", } m["uiv"] = { "Iyive", 11128658, "nic-tvc", "Latn", } m["uji"] = { "Tanjijili", 3914939, "nic-pls", } m["uka"] = { "Kaburi", 6344482, } m["ukg"] = { "Ukuriguma", 7878623, "ngf-mad", } m["ukh"] = { "Ukhwejo", 36623, "bnt-bek", } m["ukk"] = { "Muak Sa-aak", 23807993, "mkh-pal", "Latn", } m["ukl"] = { "Ukrainian Sign Language", 10322106, "sgn", } m["ukp"] = { "Ukpe-Bayobiri", 3914470, "nic-ben", "Latn", } m["ukq"] = { "Ukwa", 7878635, "nic-ief", } m["uks"] = { "Kaapor Sign Language", 3322101, "sgn", } m["uku"] = { "Ukue", 3913387, "alv-nwd", "Latn", } m["ukw"] = { "Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni", 36636, "alv", "Latn", } m["uky"] = { "Kuuk Yak", 6448719, "aus-psw", "Latn", } m["ula"] = { "Fungwa", 5509187, "nic-shi", } m["ulb"] = { "Olukumi", 36722, "alv-yor", "Latn", entry_name = {Latn = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.macron}}, sort_key = { from = {"ch", "ẹ", "gb", "gh", "gw", "kp", "kw", "ọ", "ṣ"}, to = {"c" .. p[1], "e" .. p[1], "g" .. p[1], "g" .. p[2], "g" .. p[3], "k" .. p[1], "k" .. p[2], "o" .. p[1], "s" .. p[1]} }, } m["ulc"] = { "Ulch", 13239, "tuw-nan", "Cyrl, Latn", entry_name = { from = {"['’]"}, to = {"ʼ"} }, sort_key = "ulc-sortkey", } m["ule"] = { "Lule", 12635889, nil, "Latn", } m["ulf"] = { "Afra", 4477735, "paa-pau", } m["uli"] = { "Ulithian", 36842, "poz-mic", } m["ulk"] = { "Meriam", 788174, "ngf", "Latn", } m["ull"] = { "Ullatan", 8761579, "dra-mal", } m["ulm"] = { "Ulumanda'", 3501892, } m["uln"] = { "Unserdeutsch", 13244, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "de", } m["ulu"] = { "Uma' Lung", 3548186, "poz-swa", } m["ulw"] = { "Ulwa", 2405552, } m["uma"] = { "Umatilla", 12953952, "nai-shp", "Latn", ancestors = "nai-spt", } m["umb"] = { "အူဘန်ဒူ", 36983, "bnt", "Latn", } m["umc"] = { "Marrucinian", 36110, "itc-sbl", "Ital, Latn", translit = { Ital = "Ital-translit", }, display_text = { Latn = s["itc-Latn-displaytext"] }, entry_name = { Latn = s["itc-Latn-entryname"] }, sort_key = { Latn = s["itc-Latn-sortkey"] }, } m["umd"] = { "Umbindhamu", 7881346, "aus-pmn", } m["umg"] = { "Umbuygamu", 3915677, "aus-pmn", } m["umi"] = { "Ukit", 7878321, } m["umm"] = { "Umon", 3915448, "nic-ucn", "Latn", } m["umn"] = { "Makyan Naga", 6740516, "sit-kch", } m["umo"] = { "Umotína", 7881740, "sai-mje", } m["ump"] = { "Umpila", 12953954, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["umr"] = { "Umbugarla", 2980392, } m["ums"] = { "Pendau", 7162371, "poz-tot", } m["umu"] = { "Munsee", 56547, "del", "Latn", entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.acute .. c.breve}, } m["una"] = { "North Watut", 15887898, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["und"] = { "မဆုံးဖြတ်နိုင်သော", 22282914, "qfa-not", "All", } m["une"] = { "Uneme", 3913357, "alv-yek", "Latn", } m["ung"] = { "Ngarinyin", 1284885, "aus-wor", "Latn", } m["unk"] = { "Enawené-Nawé", 3307184, "awd", "Latn", } m["unm"] = { "Unami", 3549180, "del", "Latn", --[===[Don't strip diacritics from entry names, per [[WT:Grease pit/2020/May]]. entry_name = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.diaer},]===] } m["unn"] = { "Kurnai", 61676882, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["unr"] = { "Mundari", 3327828, "mun", "Nagm, Deva, Onao", -- Onao is used by Bhumij, which may be a separate language; remove if it gets split out translit = "hi-translit", -- for now } m["unu"] = { "Unubahe", 7897776, } m["unx"] = { "Munda", 36264959, "mun", "Latn", } m["unz"] = { "Unde Kaili", 12953596, "poz-kal", "Latn", } m["uok"] = { "Uokha", 3441216, "alv-edo", "Latn", } m["uon"] = { "Kulon", 11182000, "map", "Latn", } m["upi"] = { "Umeda", 7881465, "paa-brd", } m["upv"] = { "Northeast Malakula", 13249, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["ura"] = { "Urarina", 1579560, } m["urb"] = { "Urubú-Kaapor", 13893353, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["urc"] = { "Urningangg", 10710522, } m["ure"] = { "Uru", 2992892, } m["urf"] = { "Uradhi", 3915680, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["urg"] = { "Urigina", 7900603, "ngf", "Latn", } m["urh"] = { "Urhobo", 36663, "alv-swd", "Latn", } m["uri"] = { "Urim", 7900609, "qfa-tor", "Latn", } m["urk"] = { "Urak Lawoi'", 7899573, "poz-mly", "Thai", sort_key = "Thai-sortkey", } m["url"] = { "Urali", 7899602, "dra-kod", "Knda", } m["urm"] = { "Urapmin", 7899769, "ngf-okk", } m["urn"] = { "Uruangnirin", 7901389, "poz-cet", "Latn", } m["uro"] = { "Ura (Papua New Guinea)", 3121049, "paa-bng", "Latn", } m["urp"] = { "Uru-Pa-In", 7901376, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["urr"] = { "Löyöp", 3272124, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["urt"] = { "Urat", 3502084, "qfa-tor", "Latn", } m["uru"] = { "Urumi", 7901530, "tup", "Latn", } m["urv"] = { "Uruava", 36875, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["urw"] = { "Sop", 7562808, "ngf-mad", "Latn", } m["urx"] = { "Urimo", 7900611, "qfa-tor", "Latn", } m["ury"] = { "Orya", 7105295, "paa-tkw", "Latn", } m["urz"] = { "Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau", 10266012, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["usa"] = { "Usarufa", 7901714, "paa-kag", "Latn", } m["ush"] = { "Ushojo", 3540446, "inc-shn", "ur-Arab", } m["usi"] = { "Usui", 12644231, } m["usk"] = { "Usaghade", 3914048, "nic-lcr", "Latn", } m["usp"] = { "Uspanteco", 36728, "myn", "Latn", } m["uss"] = { "Saare", 63313662, "nic-knn", "Latn", } m["usu"] = { "Uya", 7904082, } m["uta"] = { "Otank", 3913990, "nic-tvc", "Latn", } m["ute"] = { "Ute", 13260, "azc-num", "Latn", } m["uth"] = { "Hun", 63313668, "nic-knn", "Latn", } m["utp"] = { "Aba", 2841465, "poz-tem", "Latn", } m["utr"] = { "Etulo", 35262, "alv-ido", "Latn", } m["utu"] = { "Utu", 7903469, "ngf-mad", } m["uum"] = { "Urum", 13257, "trk-kcu", "Cyrl", } m["uun"] = { "Kulon-Pazeh", 36435, "map", "Latn", } m["uur"] = { "Ura (Vanuatu)", 7899531, "poz-vns", "Latn", } m["uuu"] = { "U", 953082, "mkh-pal", } m["uve"] = { "West Uvean", 36837, "poz-pnp", "Latn", } m["uvh"] = { "Uri", 7900540, "ngf-fin", "Latn", } m["uvl"] = { "Lote", 3259972, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["uwa"] = { "Kuku-Uwanh", 3915687, "aus-pmn", } m["uya"] = { "Doko-Uyanga", 7904095, "nic-ucr", "Latn", } return require("Module:Wt/rki/languages").finalizeData(m, "language") 5mh22eigibcqf95ksfujyhz9apjwl3e 828 3784772 7240199 7234102 2026-07-05T13:49:09Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240199 Scribunto text/plain -- Capture patterns used by [[Module:Wt/rki/languages]] to prevent formatting from being disrupted while text is being processed. -- Certain character sequences are substituted beforehand to make pattern matching more straightforward: -- "\1" = "[[" -- "\2" = "]]" return { "((</?link>))\0", -- Special link formatting added by [[Module:Wt/rki/links]] "((<[^<>\1\2]+>))", -- HTML tag "((\1[Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee]:[^\1\2]+\2))\0", -- File "((\1[Ii][Mm][Aa][Gg][Ee]:[^\1\2]+\2))\0", -- Image "((\1[Cc][Aa][Tt][Ee][Gg][Oo][Rr][Yy]:[^\1\2]+\2))\0", -- Category "((\1[Cc][Aa][Tt]:[^\1\2]+\2))\0", -- Category "((\1)[^\1\2|]+(\2))\0", -- Bare internal link "((\1)[^\1\2|]-(|)[^\1\2]-(\2))\0", -- Piped internal link "((%[https?://[^[%] ]+)[^[%]]*(%]))\0", -- External link "((\127'\"`UNIQ%-%-%l+%-%x+%-+QINU`\"'\127))", -- Strip marker "('*(''').-'*('''))", -- Bold "('*('').-'*(''))" -- Italics } i99g7r48rnw9m5iqpuyad5znxif9y1j 828 3784773 7240201 7234103 2026-07-05T13:51:03Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240201 Scribunto text/plain local subexport = {} local require_when_needed = require("Module:Wt/rki/require when needed") local cp = require_when_needed("Module:Wt/rki/string utilities", "codepoint") local floor = math.floor local get_plaintext = require_when_needed("Module:Wt/rki/utilities", "get_plaintext") local get_script = require_when_needed("Module:Wt/rki/scripts", "getByCode") local insert = table.insert local ipairs = ipairs local min = math.min local pairs = pairs local setmetatable = setmetatable local sort = table.sort local split = require_when_needed("Module:Wt/rki/string utilities", "split") local table_len = require_when_needed("Module:Wt/rki/table", "length") local type = type -- Copied from [[Module:Wt/rki/Unicode data]]. local function binaryRangeSearch(codepoint, ranges) local low, mid, high low, high = 1, ranges.length or table_len(ranges) while low <= high do mid = floor((low + high) / 2) local range = ranges[mid] if codepoint < range[1] then high = mid - 1 elseif codepoint <= range[2] then return range, mid else low = mid + 1 end end return nil, mid end -- Copied from [[Module:Wt/rki/Unicode data]]. local function linearRangeSearch(codepoint, ranges) for i, range in ipairs(ranges) do if codepoint < range[1] then break elseif codepoint <= range[2] then return range end end end local function compareRanges(range1, range2) return range1[1] < range2[1] end -- Save previously used codepoint ranges in case another character is in the -- same range. local rangesCache = {} --[=[ Takes a codepoint or a character and finds the script code(s) (if any) that are appropriate for it based on the codepoint, using the data module [[Module:Wt/rki/scripts/recognition data]]. The data module was generated from the patterns in [[Module:Wt/rki/scripts/data]] using [[Module:Wt/rki/User:Erutuon/script recognition]]. By default, it returns only the first script code if there are multiple matches (i.e. the code we take to be the default). If `all_scripts` is set, then a table of all matching codes is returned. ]=] local charToScriptData function subexport.charToScript(char, all_scripts) charToScriptData = charToScriptData or mw.loadData("Module:Wt/rki/scripts/recognition data") local t = type(char) local codepoint if t == "string" then local etc codepoint, etc = cp(char, 1, 2) if etc then error("bad argument #1 to 'charToScript' (expected a single character)") end elseif t == "number" then codepoint = char else error(("bad argument #1 to 'charToScript' (expected string or a number, got %s)") :format(t)) end local ret = {} local individualMatch = charToScriptData.individual[codepoint] if individualMatch then ret = split(individualMatch, "%s*,%s*", true) else local range if rangesCache[1] then range = linearRangeSearch(codepoint, rangesCache) if range then for i, script in ipairs(range) do if i > 2 then insert(ret, script) if not all_scripts then break end end end end end if not ret[1] then local index = floor(codepoint / 0x1000) range = linearRangeSearch(index, charToScriptData.blocks) if not range and charToScriptData[index] then range = binaryRangeSearch(codepoint, charToScriptData[index]) if range then insert(rangesCache, range) sort(rangesCache, compareRanges) end end if range then for i, script in ipairs(range) do if i > 2 then insert(ret, script) if not all_scripts then break end end end end end end if not ret[1] then insert(ret, "None") end if all_scripts then return ret else return ret[1] end end --[=[ Finds the best script for a string in a language-agnostic way. Converts each character to a codepoint. Iterates the counter for the script code if the codepoint is in the list of individual characters, or if it is in one of the defined ranges in the 4096-character block that it belongs to. Each script has a two-part counter, for primary and secondary matches. Primary matches are when the script is the first one listed; otherwise, it's a secondary match. When comparing scripts, first the total of both are compared (i.e. the overall number of matches). If these are the same, the number of primary and then secondary matches are used as tiebreakers. For example, this is used to ensure that `Grek` takes priority over `Polyt` if no characters which exclusively match `Polyt` are found, as `Grek` is a subset of `Polyt`. If `none_is_last_resort_only` is specified, this will never return None if any characters in `text` belong to a script. Otherwise, it will return None if there are more characters that don't belong to a script than belong to any individual script. (FIXME: This behavior is probably wrong, and `none_is_last_resort_only` should probably become the default.) ]=] function subexport.findBestScriptWithoutLang(text, none_is_last_resort_only) -- `scripts` contains counters for any scripts detected so far. Jpan and Kore are handled as special-cases, as they are combinations of other scripts. local scripts_mt = {Jpan = true, Kore = true} local weights_mt = { __lt = function(a, b) if a[1] + a[2] ~= b[1] + b[2] then return a[1] + a[2] < b[1] + b[2] elseif a[1] ~= b[1] then return a[1] < b[1] elseif a[2] ~= b[2] then return a[2] < b[2] else return false end end } scripts_mt.__index = function(t, k) local ret = {} if k == "Jpan" and scripts_mt.Jpan then for i = 1, 2 do ret[i] = t["Hani"][i] + t["Hira"][i] + t["Kana"][i] end elseif k == "Kore" and scripts_mt.Kore then for i = 1, 2 do ret[i] = t["Hani"][i] + t["Hang"][i] end else for i = 1, 2 do insert(ret, 0) end end return setmetatable(ret, weights_mt) end local scripts = setmetatable({}, scripts_mt) text = get_plaintext(text) local combined_scripts = { Jpan = {["Hani"] = true, ["Hira"] = true, ["Kana"] = true}, Kore = {["Hani"] = true, ["Hang"] = true} } for character in text:gmatch(".[\128-\191]*") do for i, script in ipairs(subexport.charToScript(character, true)) do if not none_is_last_resort_only or script ~= "None" then scripts[script] = scripts[script] local weight = min(i, 2) scripts[script][weight] = scripts[script][weight] + 1 end end end -- Check the combined script counts. If a single constituent has the same count (i.e. it's the only one), discard the combined script. for combined_script, set in pairs(combined_scripts) do for script in pairs(set) do scripts[combined_script] = scripts[combined_script] if (scripts[script][1] + scripts[script][2]) == (scripts[combined_script][1] + scripts[combined_script][2]) then scripts[combined_script] = nil break end end end local bestScript local greatestCount for script, count in pairs(scripts) do if (not greatestCount) or greatestCount < count then bestScript = script greatestCount = count end end bestScript = bestScript or "None" return get_script(bestScript) end return subexport 6jj26wjphgc0jooj0xoklwhr70osvvf 828 3784776 7240188 7234106 2026-07-05T13:40:11Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240188 Scribunto text/plain local load_module = "Module:Wt/rki/load" local string_char_module = "Module:Wt/rki/string/char" local find = string.find local gsub = string.gsub local match = string.match local require = require local tonumber = tonumber local function u(...) u = require(string_char_module) return u(...) end local entities local function get_entities() entities, get_entities = require(load_module).load_data("Module:Wt/rki/data/entities"), nil return entities end local function decode_entity(hash, x, code) -- "#" isn't included in "[%w\128-\255]", so if no "#" is found then it's a -- a named entity or a false match. if hash == "" then return (entities or get_entities())[x .. code] end -- Exclude numbers that don't fit the expected format. local cp if x == "" then cp = match(code, "^()%d+$") and tonumber(code) else cp = match(code, "^()%x+$") and tonumber(code, 16) end -- Exclude surrogates (U+D800 to U+DFFF) and codepoints that are too high. return cp and ( cp <= 0xD7FF or cp >= 0xE000 and cp <= 0x10FFFF ) and u(cp) or nil end return function(str) -- As an optimisation, only do a full search with gsub() if plain searches -- for "&" and ";" find anything. local amp = find(str, "&", nil, true) -- Search for ";" after the point "&" was found. return amp and find(str, ";", amp + 1, true) and -- Non-ASCII characters aren't valid in proper HTML named entities, but -- MediaWiki uses them in some nonstandard aliases (which have also been -- included in [[Module:Wt/rki/data/entities]]), so include them anyway. gsub(str, "&(#?)([xX]?)([%w\128-\255]+);", decode_entity) or str end c0va5nfnylsi123mzpuvhy50r5nl3mk 828 3784777 7240189 7234107 2026-07-05T13:40:38Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240189 Scribunto text/plain -- TO BE REPLACED BY encode_entities in [[Module:Wt/rki/string utilities]]. This function decodes on input by default to prevent double-encoding, which the new function does not, so implementations need to take this into account when being converted. local debug_track_module = "Module:Wt/rki/debug/track" local string_decode_entities_module = "Module:Wt/rki/string/decodeEntities" local string_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/rki/string utilities" local require = require local function decode_entities(...) decode_entities = require(string_decode_entities_module) return decode_entities(...) end local function encode_entities(...) encode_entities = require(string_utilities_module).encode_entities return encode_entities(...) end local function track(...) track = require(debug_track_module) return track(...) end return function(str, charset, raw) if not raw then local decoded = decode_entities(str) if decoded ~= str then track("string/encode entities/decoded first") end str = decoded end return encode_entities(str, charset, nil, true) end fdgsipb0jf9htmiovkhygm4np288ths 828 3784778 7240194 7234109 2026-07-05T13:46:38Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240194 Scribunto text/plain local m = {} m["abjad"] = { "abjad", 185087, otherNames = {"consonantary", "consonantal alphabet"}, } m["abugida"] = { "abugida", 335806, otherNames = {"alphasyllabary"}, } m["alphabet"] = { "alphabet", 9779, category = "alphabetic writing system", } m["logography"] = { "logography", 3953107, otherNames = {"ideography"}, category = "logographic writing system", } m["pictography"] = { "pictography", 860735, category = "pictographic writing system", } m["semisyllabary"] = { "semisyllabary", 3781304, otherNames = {"semi-syllabary"}, } m["syllabary"] = { "syllabary", 182133, } return require("Module:Wt/rki/languages").finalizeData(m, "writing system") 6hvr1xyzo8f0jwp9jrlz8rqvnih8uub 10 3784840 7240797 7234665 2026-07-06T09:47:57Z ङघिञ 2644823 7240797 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%; width: 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{{#invoke:Wp/pih/InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image2}}}|size={{{image2_width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{#if:{{{upright2|}}}|{{{upright2}}}|{{{upright|1}}}}}|alt={{{image2_alt|}}}}} {{!}}- {{#if:{{{image2_caption|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" {{!}} {{{image2_caption}}} {{!}}- }} }} |- style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{#if:{{{status|}}}|{{Wp/pih/Infobox Taxon/species|{{{status_system|}}}|{{{status|}}}|{{{status_ref|}}}|extinction_date={{{extinct|}}}|colour={{{colour|}}} }} }} |-{{#if:{{{status2|}}}|{{taxobox/species|{{{status2_system|}}}|{{{status2|}}}|{{{status2_ref|}}}|extinction_date={{{extinct|}}}|colour={{{colour|}}}|number=2 }} }} |-{{#if:{{{status3}}}|{{taxobox/species|{{{status3_system|}}}|{{{status3|}}}|{{{status3_ref|}}}|extinction_date={{{extinct|}}}|colour={{{colour|}}}|number=3 }} }} |- ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" | {{#if:{{{virus_group|{{{virus|}}}}}}|[[Virus classification]]|{{#if:{{{ichnos|}}}|[[Trace fossil classification]]|{{#if:{{{veterovata|}}}|[[Egg fossil#Classification|Egg fossil classification]]|[[Wp/pih/Taxonomy (biolojii)|Scientific classification]]}} }} }} {{#if:{{{edit link|}}}|{{edit taxonomy|{{{parent|}}} | {{{edit link}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{classification_status|}}} | <br/><span style="font-weight:normal">({{{classification_status}}})</span> | }} |- {{#if:{{{parent|}}}|{{#invoke:Wp/pih/Autotaxobox|taxoboxList|{{{parent}}}| display_taxa={{{display_taxa|1}}}| authority={{{authority|}}}| parent_authority={{{parent_authority|}}}| gparent_authority={{{grandparent_authority|}}}| ggparent_authority={{{greatgrandparent_authority|}}}| gggparent_authority={{{greatgreatgrandparent_authority|}}}| ggggparent_authority={{{greatgreatgreatgrandparent_authority|}}}| offset={{{offset|0}}}| bold_first={{{bold_first|{{#if:{{{species|}}}|link|bold}}}}}| virus={{{virus|no}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{virus_group|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=group |link= {{#switch:{{lc:{{{virus_group}}} }} |i=Group I <small>([[dsDNA virus|dsDNA]])</small> |ii=Group II <small>([[ssDNA virus|ssDNA]])</small> |iii=Group III <small>([[Double-stranded RNA viruses|dsRNA]])</small> |iv=Group IV <small>([[Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus|(+)ssRNA]])</small> |v=Group V <small>([[Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus|(−)ssRNA]])</small> |vi=Group VI <small>([[ssRNA-RT virus|ssRNA-RT]])</small> |vi/vii=Groups VI and VII |vii=Group VII <small>([[dsDNA-RT virus|dsDNA-RT]])</small> |{{{virus_group}}} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superdomain|}}}|{{Wp/pih/taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superdomain}}} | auth={{{unranked_superdomain_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superdomain|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superdomain|link={{{superdomain}}} | auth={{{superdomain_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_domain|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_domain}}} | auth={{{unranked_domain_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{domain|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=domain|link={{{domain}}} | auth={{{domain_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superregnum|}}}|{{Wp/pih/taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superregnum}}} | auth={{{unranked_superregnum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superregnum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superregnum|link={{{superregnum}}} | auth={{{superregnum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_regnum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_regnum}}} | auth={{{unranked_regnum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{regnum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=regnum|link={{{regnum}}} | auth={{{regnum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subregnum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subregnum}}} | auth={{{unranked_subregnum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subregnum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subregnum|link={{{subregnum}}} | auth={{{subregnum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superdivisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superdivisio}}} | auth={{{unranked_superdivisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superdivisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superdivisio|link={{{superdivisio}}} | auth={{{superdivisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superphylum}}} | auth={{{unranked_superphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superphylum|link={{{superphylum}}} | auth={{{superphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_divisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_divisio}}} | auth={{{unranked_divisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{divisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=divisio|link={{{divisio}}} | auth={{{divisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_phylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_phylum}}} | auth={{{unranked_phylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=phylum|link={{{phylum}}} | auth={{{phylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subdivisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subdivisio}}} | auth={{{unranked_subdivisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subdivisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subdivisio|link={{{subdivisio}}} | auth={{{subdivisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subphylum}}} | auth={{{unranked_subphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subphylum|link={{{subphylum}}} | auth={{{subphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_infraphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_infraphylum}}} | auth={{{unranked_infraphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{infraphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=infraphylum|link={{{infraphylum}}} | auth={{{infraphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_microphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_microphylum}}} | auth={{{unranked_microphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{microphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=microphylum|link={{{microphylum}}} | auth={{{microphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_nanophylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_nanophylum}}} | auth={{{unranked_nanophylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{nanophylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=nanophylum|link={{{nanophylum}}} | auth={{{nanophylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superclassis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superclassis}}} | auth={{{unranked_superclassis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superclassis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superclassis|link={{{superclassis}}} | auth={{{superclassis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_classis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_classis}}} | auth={{{unranked_classis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{classis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=classis|link={{{classis}}} | auth={{{classis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subclassis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subclassis}}} | auth={{{unranked_subclassis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subclassis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subclassis|link={{{subclassis}}} | auth={{{subclassis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_infraclassis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_infraclassis}}} | auth={{{unranked_infraclassis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{infraclassis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=infraclassis|link={{{infraclassis}}} | auth={{{infraclassis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_magnordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_magnordo}}} | auth={{{unranked_magnordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{magnordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=magnordo|link={{{magnordo}}} | auth={{{magnordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superordo}}} | auth={{{unranked_superordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superordo|link={{{superordo}}} | auth={{{superordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_ordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_ordo}}} | auth={{{unranked_ordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{ordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=ordo|link={{{ordo}}} | auth={{{ordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subordo}}} | auth={{{unranked_subordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subordo|link={{{subordo}}} | auth={{{subordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_infraordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_infraordo}}} | auth={{{unranked_infraordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{infraordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=infraordo|link={{{infraordo}}} | auth={{{infraordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_parvordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_parvordo}}} | auth={{{unranked_parvordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{parvordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=parvorder|link={{{parvordo}}} | auth={{{parvordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_zoodivisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_zoodivisio}}} | auth={{{unranked_zoodivisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{zoodivisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=zoodivisio|link={{{zoodivisio}}} | auth={{{zoodivisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_zoosectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_zoosectio}}} | auth={{{unranked_zoosectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{zoosectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=zoosectio|link={{{zoosectio}}} | auth={{{zoosectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_zoosubsectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_zoosubsectio}}} | auth={{{unranked_zoosubsectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{zoosubsectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=zoosubsectio|link={{{zoosubsectio}}} | auth={{{zoosubsectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superfamilia|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superfamilia}}} | auth={{{unranked_superfamilia_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superfamilia|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superfamilia|link={{{superfamilia}}} | auth={{{superfamilia_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_familia|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_familia}}} | auth={{{unranked_familia_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{familia|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=familia|link={{{familia}}} | auth={{{familia_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subfamilia|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subfamilia}}} | auth={{{unranked_subfamilia_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subfamilia|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subfamilia|link={{{subfamilia}}} | auth={{{subfamilia_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_supertribus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_supertribus}}} | auth={{{unranked_supertribus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{supertribus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=supertribus|link={{{supertribus}}} | auth={{{supertribus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_tribus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_tribus}}} | auth={{{unranked_tribus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{tribus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=tribus|link={{{tribus}}} | auth={{{tribus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subtribus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subtribus}}} | auth={{{unranked_subtribus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subtribus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subtribus|link={{{subtribus}}} | auth={{{subtribus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_alliance|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_alliance}}} | auth={{{unranked_alliance_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{alliance|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=alliance|link={{{alliance}}} | auth={{{alliance_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_genus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_genus}}} | auth={{{unranked_genus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{genus|}}}| {{taxonomy|rank=genus|link={{{genus}}}|auth={{{genus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subgenus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subgenus}}} | auth={{{unranked_subgenus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subgenus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subgenus|link={{{subgenus}}} | auth={{{subgenus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_sectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_sectio}}} | auth={{{unranked_sectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{sectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=sectio|link={{{sectio}}} | auth={{{sectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subsectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subsectio}}} | auth={{{unranked_subsectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subsectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subsectio|link={{{subsectio}}} | auth={{{subsectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_series|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_series}}} | auth={{{unranked_series_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{series|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=series|link={{{series}}} | auth={{{series_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subseries|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subseries}}} | auth={{{unranked_subseries_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subseries|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subseries|link={{{subseries}}}|auth={{{subseries_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_species_group|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_species_group}}} | auth={{{unranked_species_group_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{species_group|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=species group|link={{{species_group}}} | auth={{{species_group_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_species_subgroup|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_species_subgroup}}} | auth={{{unranked_species_subgroup_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{species_subgroup|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=species subgroup|link={{{species_subgroup}}} | auth={{{species_subgroup_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_species_complex|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_species_complex}}} | auth={{{unranked_species_complex_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{species_complex|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=species complex|link={{{species_complex}}} | auth={{{species_complex_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_species|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_species}}} | auth={{{unranked_species_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=species|link={{{species}}} | auth={{{species_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subspecies|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subspecies}}} | auth={{{unranked_subspecies_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subspecies|link={{{subspecies}}} | auth={{{subspecies_authority|}}} }} }} |- {{#if:{{{unranked_varietas|{{{unranked_variety|}}}}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_varietas|{{{unranked_variety|}}}}}} | auth={{{unranked_varietas_authority|{{{unranked_variety_authority|}}}}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{varietas|{{{variety|}}}}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=varietas|link={{{varietas|{{{variety}}}}}} | auth={{{varietas_authority|{{{variety_authority|}}}}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{forma|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=forma|link={{{forma}}} | auth={{{forma_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{virus_infrasp|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank={{{virus_infrasp_rank|RANK MISSING}}}|link={{{virus_infrasp}}} | auth= }} }} |- {{#if:{{{binomial|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Wp/pih/Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]] {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} <b><span class="binomial">{{{binomial}}}</span></b><br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{binomial_authority|}}}</div> }} |- style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{#if:{{{trinomial|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} [[{{#switch:{{{regnum|}}}|[[Animalia]]|[[Animal]]ia|Animalia=Trinomen|[[Plantae]]|[[Plant]]ae|Plantae|[[Fungi]]|[[Wp/pih/Fungus|Fungi]]|Fungi|[[Archaeplastida]]|Archaeplastida=Infraspecific name (botany)|Trinomial nomenclature}}|Trinomial name]] {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} <b><span class="trinomial">{{{trinomial}}}</span></b><br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{trinomial_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_genus|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour|}}} }}"{{!}} [[Wp/pih/Type genus|Type genus]]{{{type_genus_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_genus}}}<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{type_genus_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_ichnogenus|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour|}}} }}"{{!}} [[Wp/pih/Type genus|Type ichnogenus]]{{{type_ichnogenus_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_ichnogenus}}}<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{type_ichnogenus_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_oogenus|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour|}}} }}"{{!}} [[Wp/pih/Type genus|Type oogenus]]{{{type_oogenus_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_oogenus}}}<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{type_oogenus_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_species|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Type species]]{{{type_species_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_species}}}<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{type_species_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_ichnospecies|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Type species|Type ichnospecies]]{{{type_ichnospecies_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_ichnospecies}}}<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{type_ichnospecies_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_oospecies|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Type species|Type oospecies]]{{{type_oospecies_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_oospecies}}}<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{type_oospecies_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_strain|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Type strain]]{{#if:{{{type_strain_ref|}}}|{{{type_strain_ref}}}|}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_strain}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{subdivision|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} {{{subdivision_ranks}}}{{{subdivision_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: left" {{!}} {{{subdivision|}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{possible_subdivision|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} {{{possible_subdivision_ranks}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: left" {{!}} {{{possible_subdivision|}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{diversity|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Wp/pih/Biodiversity|Diversity]]{{{diversity_ref|}}} {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACEE}} | {{ns:0}} | [[Category:Wp/pih/Articles using diversity taxobox]] | }} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#if:{{{diversity_link|}}}|[[{{{diversity_link|}}}|{{{diversity|}}}]]|{{{diversity|}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{range_map|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#invoke:Wp/pih/InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{range_map}}}|size={{{range_map_width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{#if:{{{range_map_upright|}}}|{{{range_map_upright}}}|{{{upright|1}}}}}|alt={{{range_map_alt|}}}}} {{!}}- {{#if:{{{range_map_caption|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" {{!}} {{{range_map_caption}}} {{!}}- }} }} {{#if:{{{binomial2|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} '''{{{binomial2}}}'''<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{binomial2_authority|}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{trinomial2|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} '''{{{trinomial2}}}'''<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{trinomial2_authority|}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{range_map2|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#invoke:Wp/pih/InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{range_map2}}}|size={{{range_map2_width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{#if:{{{range_map2_upright|}}}|{{{range_map2_upright}}}|{{{upright|1}}}}}|alt={{{range_map2_alt|}}}}} {{!}}- {{#if:{{{range_map2_caption|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" {{!}} {{{range_map2_caption}}} {{!}}- }} }} {{#if:{{{binomial3|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} '''{{{binomial3}}}'''<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{binomial3_authority|}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{trinomial3|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} '''{{{trinomial3}}}'''<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{trinomial3_authority|}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{range_map3|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#invoke:Wp/pih/InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{range_map3}}}|size={{{range_map3_width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{#if:{{{range_map3_upright|}}}|{{{range_map3_upright}}}|{{{upright|1}}}}}|alt={{{range_map3_alt|}}}}} {{!}}- {{#if:{{{range_map3_caption|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" {{!}} {{{range_map3_caption}}} {{!}}- }} }} {{#if:{{{binomial4|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} '''{{{binomial4}}}'''<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{binomial4_authority|}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{trinomial4|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} '''{{{trinomial4}}}'''<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{trinomial4_authority|}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{range_map4|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#invoke:Wp/pih/InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{range_map4}}}|size={{{range_map4_width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{#if:{{{range_map4_upright|}}}|{{{range_map4_upright}}}|{{{upright|1}}}}}|alt={{{range_map4_alt|}}}}} {{!}}- {{#if:{{{range_map4_caption|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" {{!}} {{{range_map4_caption}}} }} }} |- {{#if:{{{synonyms|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]]{{{synonyms_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: left" {{!}} {{{synonyms}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{audio|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[List of animal sounds|Audio]]{{{audio_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{audio}}}|size={{{audio_width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{{audio_upright|}}} |alt={{{audio_alt|}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{audio_caption|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: {{{audio_caption_align|center}}}; font-size: 88%" {{!}} {{{audio_caption}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{footer|}}}| {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: left" {{!}} {{{footer}}} {{!}}- }} |}<templatestyles src="Template:Wp/pih/Taxobox/core/styles.css" /><!-- Define any categories to be displayed on the page here: -->{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}<!-- -->| [[Category:Articles with 'species' microformats]]<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{colour|none}}}|{{Taxobox/Error_colour}}| [[Category:Taxoboxes with the error color]]}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{colour|none}}}|{{Taxobox colour|incertae sedis}}| [[Category:Taxoboxes with the incertae sedis color]]}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{colour|none}}}|{{Taxobox colour|}}| [[Category:Taxoboxes with no color]]}}<!-- -->{{Taxonbar/candidate}}<!-- -->}}<noinclude>{{Wp/pih/documentation|Template:Wp/pih/Infobox Taxon/core/doc}}</noinclude> e1faawsa5u69avbuzg730wpu0zvgme4 7240799 7240797 2026-07-06T09:48:36Z ङघिञ 2644823 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q15292999]] 7240799 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%; width: 22em; border-radius: 10px; border-collapse: separate; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; float: right; box-shadow: 0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0.1,0.2,0.1,0.2);" |- ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}}| }}" | {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{PAGENAME}} }}{{#if:{{{temporal_range|}}}|<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: {{{temporal_range}}}</div>}} |- {{#if:{{{image|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#invoke:Wp/pih/InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image}}}|size={{{image_width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{{upright|1}}}|alt={{{image_alt|}}}}} {{!}}- {{#if:{{{image_caption|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: {{{image_caption_align|center}}}; font-size: 88%" {{!}} {{{image_caption}}} {{!}}- }} }} {{#if:{{{image2|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#invoke:Wp/pih/InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image2}}}|size={{{image2_width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{#if:{{{upright2|}}}|{{{upright2}}}|{{{upright|1}}}}}|alt={{{image2_alt|}}}}} {{!}}- {{#if:{{{image2_caption|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" {{!}} {{{image2_caption}}} {{!}}- }} }} |- style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{#if:{{{status|}}}|{{Wp/pih/Infobox Taxon/species|{{{status_system|}}}|{{{status|}}}|{{{status_ref|}}}|extinction_date={{{extinct|}}}|colour={{{colour|}}} }} }} |-{{#if:{{{status2|}}}|{{taxobox/species|{{{status2_system|}}}|{{{status2|}}}|{{{status2_ref|}}}|extinction_date={{{extinct|}}}|colour={{{colour|}}}|number=2 }} }} |-{{#if:{{{status3}}}|{{taxobox/species|{{{status3_system|}}}|{{{status3|}}}|{{{status3_ref|}}}|extinction_date={{{extinct|}}}|colour={{{colour|}}}|number=3 }} }} |- ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" | {{#if:{{{virus_group|{{{virus|}}}}}}|[[Virus classification]]|{{#if:{{{ichnos|}}}|[[Trace fossil classification]]|{{#if:{{{veterovata|}}}|[[Egg fossil#Classification|Egg fossil classification]]|[[Wp/pih/Taxonomy (biolojii)|Scientific classification]]}} }} }} {{#if:{{{edit link|}}}|{{edit taxonomy|{{{parent|}}} | {{{edit link}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{classification_status|}}} | <br/><span style="font-weight:normal">({{{classification_status}}})</span> | }} |- {{#if:{{{parent|}}}|{{#invoke:Wp/pih/Autotaxobox|taxoboxList|{{{parent}}}| display_taxa={{{display_taxa|1}}}| authority={{{authority|}}}| parent_authority={{{parent_authority|}}}| gparent_authority={{{grandparent_authority|}}}| ggparent_authority={{{greatgrandparent_authority|}}}| gggparent_authority={{{greatgreatgrandparent_authority|}}}| ggggparent_authority={{{greatgreatgreatgrandparent_authority|}}}| offset={{{offset|0}}}| bold_first={{{bold_first|{{#if:{{{species|}}}|link|bold}}}}}| virus={{{virus|no}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{virus_group|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=group |link= {{#switch:{{lc:{{{virus_group}}} }} |i=Group I <small>([[dsDNA virus|dsDNA]])</small> |ii=Group II <small>([[ssDNA virus|ssDNA]])</small> |iii=Group III <small>([[Double-stranded RNA viruses|dsRNA]])</small> |iv=Group IV <small>([[Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus|(+)ssRNA]])</small> |v=Group V <small>([[Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus|(−)ssRNA]])</small> |vi=Group VI <small>([[ssRNA-RT virus|ssRNA-RT]])</small> |vi/vii=Groups VI and VII |vii=Group VII <small>([[dsDNA-RT virus|dsDNA-RT]])</small> |{{{virus_group}}} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superdomain|}}}|{{Wp/pih/taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superdomain}}} | auth={{{unranked_superdomain_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superdomain|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superdomain|link={{{superdomain}}} | auth={{{superdomain_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_domain|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_domain}}} | auth={{{unranked_domain_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{domain|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=domain|link={{{domain}}} | auth={{{domain_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superregnum|}}}|{{Wp/pih/taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superregnum}}} | auth={{{unranked_superregnum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superregnum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superregnum|link={{{superregnum}}} | auth={{{superregnum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_regnum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_regnum}}} | auth={{{unranked_regnum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{regnum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=regnum|link={{{regnum}}} | auth={{{regnum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subregnum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subregnum}}} | auth={{{unranked_subregnum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subregnum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subregnum|link={{{subregnum}}} | auth={{{subregnum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superdivisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superdivisio}}} | auth={{{unranked_superdivisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superdivisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superdivisio|link={{{superdivisio}}} | auth={{{superdivisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superphylum}}} | auth={{{unranked_superphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superphylum|link={{{superphylum}}} | auth={{{superphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_divisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_divisio}}} | auth={{{unranked_divisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{divisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=divisio|link={{{divisio}}} | auth={{{divisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_phylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_phylum}}} | auth={{{unranked_phylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{phylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=phylum|link={{{phylum}}} | auth={{{phylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subdivisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subdivisio}}} | auth={{{unranked_subdivisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subdivisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subdivisio|link={{{subdivisio}}} | auth={{{subdivisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subphylum}}} | auth={{{unranked_subphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subphylum|link={{{subphylum}}} | auth={{{subphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_infraphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_infraphylum}}} | auth={{{unranked_infraphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{infraphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=infraphylum|link={{{infraphylum}}} | auth={{{infraphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_microphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_microphylum}}} | auth={{{unranked_microphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{microphylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=microphylum|link={{{microphylum}}} | auth={{{microphylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_nanophylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_nanophylum}}} | auth={{{unranked_nanophylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{nanophylum|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=nanophylum|link={{{nanophylum}}} | auth={{{nanophylum_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superclassis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superclassis}}} | auth={{{unranked_superclassis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superclassis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superclassis|link={{{superclassis}}} | auth={{{superclassis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_classis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_classis}}} | auth={{{unranked_classis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{classis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=classis|link={{{classis}}} | auth={{{classis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subclassis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subclassis}}} | auth={{{unranked_subclassis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subclassis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subclassis|link={{{subclassis}}} | auth={{{subclassis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_infraclassis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_infraclassis}}} | auth={{{unranked_infraclassis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{infraclassis|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=infraclassis|link={{{infraclassis}}} | auth={{{infraclassis_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_magnordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_magnordo}}} | auth={{{unranked_magnordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{magnordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=magnordo|link={{{magnordo}}} | auth={{{magnordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superordo}}} | auth={{{unranked_superordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superordo|link={{{superordo}}} | auth={{{superordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_ordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_ordo}}} | auth={{{unranked_ordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{ordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=ordo|link={{{ordo}}} | auth={{{ordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subordo}}} | auth={{{unranked_subordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subordo|link={{{subordo}}} | auth={{{subordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_infraordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_infraordo}}} | auth={{{unranked_infraordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{infraordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=infraordo|link={{{infraordo}}} | auth={{{infraordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_parvordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_parvordo}}} | auth={{{unranked_parvordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{parvordo|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=parvorder|link={{{parvordo}}} | auth={{{parvordo_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_zoodivisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_zoodivisio}}} | auth={{{unranked_zoodivisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{zoodivisio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=zoodivisio|link={{{zoodivisio}}} | auth={{{zoodivisio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_zoosectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_zoosectio}}} | auth={{{unranked_zoosectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{zoosectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=zoosectio|link={{{zoosectio}}} | auth={{{zoosectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_zoosubsectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_zoosubsectio}}} | auth={{{unranked_zoosubsectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{zoosubsectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=zoosubsectio|link={{{zoosubsectio}}} | auth={{{zoosubsectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_superfamilia|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_superfamilia}}} | auth={{{unranked_superfamilia_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{superfamilia|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=superfamilia|link={{{superfamilia}}} | auth={{{superfamilia_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_familia|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_familia}}} | auth={{{unranked_familia_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{familia|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=familia|link={{{familia}}} | auth={{{familia_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subfamilia|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subfamilia}}} | auth={{{unranked_subfamilia_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subfamilia|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subfamilia|link={{{subfamilia}}} | auth={{{subfamilia_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_supertribus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_supertribus}}} | auth={{{unranked_supertribus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{supertribus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=supertribus|link={{{supertribus}}} | auth={{{supertribus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_tribus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_tribus}}} | auth={{{unranked_tribus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{tribus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=tribus|link={{{tribus}}} | auth={{{tribus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subtribus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subtribus}}} | auth={{{unranked_subtribus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subtribus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subtribus|link={{{subtribus}}} | auth={{{subtribus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_alliance|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_alliance}}} | auth={{{unranked_alliance_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{alliance|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=alliance|link={{{alliance}}} | auth={{{alliance_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_genus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_genus}}} | auth={{{unranked_genus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{genus|}}}| {{taxonomy|rank=genus|link={{{genus}}}|auth={{{genus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subgenus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subgenus}}} | auth={{{unranked_subgenus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subgenus|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subgenus|link={{{subgenus}}} | auth={{{subgenus_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_sectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_sectio}}} | auth={{{unranked_sectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{sectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=sectio|link={{{sectio}}} | auth={{{sectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subsectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subsectio}}} | auth={{{unranked_subsectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subsectio|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subsectio|link={{{subsectio}}} | auth={{{subsectio_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_series|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_series}}} | auth={{{unranked_series_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{series|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=series|link={{{series}}} | auth={{{series_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subseries|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subseries}}} | auth={{{unranked_subseries_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subseries|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subseries|link={{{subseries}}}|auth={{{subseries_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_species_group|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_species_group}}} | auth={{{unranked_species_group_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{species_group|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=species group|link={{{species_group}}} | auth={{{species_group_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_species_subgroup|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_species_subgroup}}} | auth={{{unranked_species_subgroup_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{species_subgroup|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=species subgroup|link={{{species_subgroup}}} | auth={{{species_subgroup_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_species_complex|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_species_complex}}} | auth={{{unranked_species_complex_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{species_complex|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=species complex|link={{{species_complex}}} | auth={{{species_complex_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_species|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_species}}} | auth={{{unranked_species_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{species|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=species|link={{{species}}} | auth={{{species_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{unranked_subspecies|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_subspecies}}} | auth={{{unranked_subspecies_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{subspecies|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=subspecies|link={{{subspecies}}} | auth={{{subspecies_authority|}}} }} }} |- {{#if:{{{unranked_varietas|{{{unranked_variety|}}}}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=unranked|link={{{unranked_varietas|{{{unranked_variety|}}}}}} | auth={{{unranked_varietas_authority|{{{unranked_variety_authority|}}}}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{varietas|{{{variety|}}}}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=varietas|link={{{varietas|{{{variety}}}}}} | auth={{{varietas_authority|{{{variety_authority|}}}}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{forma|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank=forma|link={{{forma}}} | auth={{{forma_authority|}}} }} }} {{#if:{{{virus_infrasp|}}}|{{taxonomy|rank={{{virus_infrasp_rank|RANK MISSING}}}|link={{{virus_infrasp}}} | auth= }} }} |- {{#if:{{{binomial|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Wp/pih/Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]] {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} <b><span class="binomial">{{{binomial}}}</span></b><br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{binomial_authority|}}}</div> }} |- style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{#if:{{{trinomial|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} [[{{#switch:{{{regnum|}}}|[[Animalia]]|[[Animal]]ia|Animalia=Trinomen|[[Plantae]]|[[Plant]]ae|Plantae|[[Fungi]]|[[Wp/pih/Fungus|Fungi]]|Fungi|[[Archaeplastida]]|Archaeplastida=Infraspecific name (botany)|Trinomial nomenclature}}|Trinomial name]] {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} <b><span class="trinomial">{{{trinomial}}}</span></b><br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{trinomial_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_genus|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour|}}} }}"{{!}} [[Wp/pih/Type genus|Type genus]]{{{type_genus_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_genus}}}<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{type_genus_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_ichnogenus|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour|}}} }}"{{!}} [[Wp/pih/Type genus|Type ichnogenus]]{{{type_ichnogenus_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_ichnogenus}}}<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{type_ichnogenus_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_oogenus|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour|}}} }}"{{!}} [[Wp/pih/Type genus|Type oogenus]]{{{type_oogenus_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_oogenus}}}<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{type_oogenus_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_species|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Type species]]{{{type_species_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_species}}}<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{type_species_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_ichnospecies|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Type species|Type ichnospecies]]{{{type_ichnospecies_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_ichnospecies}}}<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{type_ichnospecies_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_oospecies|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Type species|Type oospecies]]{{{type_oospecies_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_oospecies}}}<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{type_oospecies_authority|}}}</div> }} |- {{#if:{{{type_strain|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Type strain]]{{#if:{{{type_strain_ref|}}}|{{{type_strain_ref}}}|}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{{type_strain}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{subdivision|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} {{{subdivision_ranks}}}{{{subdivision_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: left" {{!}} {{{subdivision|}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{possible_subdivision|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} {{{possible_subdivision_ranks}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: left" {{!}} {{{possible_subdivision|}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{diversity|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Wp/pih/Biodiversity|Diversity]]{{{diversity_ref|}}} {{#ifeq: {{NAMESPACEE}} | {{ns:0}} | [[Category:Wp/pih/Articles using diversity taxobox]] | }} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#if:{{{diversity_link|}}}|[[{{{diversity_link|}}}|{{{diversity|}}}]]|{{{diversity|}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{range_map|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#invoke:Wp/pih/InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{range_map}}}|size={{{range_map_width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{#if:{{{range_map_upright|}}}|{{{range_map_upright}}}|{{{upright|1}}}}}|alt={{{range_map_alt|}}}}} {{!}}- {{#if:{{{range_map_caption|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" {{!}} {{{range_map_caption}}} {{!}}- }} }} {{#if:{{{binomial2|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} '''{{{binomial2}}}'''<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{binomial2_authority|}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{trinomial2|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} '''{{{trinomial2}}}'''<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{trinomial2_authority|}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{range_map2|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#invoke:Wp/pih/InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{range_map2}}}|size={{{range_map2_width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{#if:{{{range_map2_upright|}}}|{{{range_map2_upright}}}|{{{upright|1}}}}}|alt={{{range_map2_alt|}}}}} {{!}}- {{#if:{{{range_map2_caption|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" {{!}} {{{range_map2_caption}}} {{!}}- }} }} {{#if:{{{binomial3|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} '''{{{binomial3}}}'''<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{binomial3_authority|}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{trinomial3|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} '''{{{trinomial3}}}'''<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{trinomial3_authority|}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{range_map3|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#invoke:Wp/pih/InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{range_map3}}}|size={{{range_map3_width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{#if:{{{range_map3_upright|}}}|{{{range_map3_upright}}}|{{{upright|1}}}}}|alt={{{range_map3_alt|}}}}} {{!}}- {{#if:{{{range_map3_caption|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" {{!}} {{{range_map3_caption}}} {{!}}- }} }} {{#if:{{{binomial4|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} '''{{{binomial4}}}'''<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{binomial4_authority|}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{trinomial4|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} '''{{{trinomial4}}}'''<br/><div style="font-size: 85%;">{{{trinomial4_authority|}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{range_map4|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#invoke:Wp/pih/InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{range_map4}}}|size={{{range_map4_width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{#if:{{{range_map4_upright|}}}|{{{range_map4_upright}}}|{{{upright|1}}}}}|alt={{{range_map4_alt|}}}}} {{!}}- {{#if:{{{range_map4_caption|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" {{!}} {{{range_map4_caption}}} }} }} |- {{#if:{{{synonyms|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]]{{{synonyms_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: left" {{!}} {{{synonyms}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{audio|}}}| ! colspan=2 style="color:inherit; text-align: center{{#if:{{{colour|}}}|{{;}} background-color: {{{colour}}} }}" {{!}} [[List of animal sounds|Audio]]{{{audio_ref|}}} {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: center" {{!}} {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{audio}}}|size={{{audio_width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{{audio_upright|}}} |alt={{{audio_alt|}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{audio_caption|}}}| {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: {{{audio_caption_align|center}}}; font-size: 88%" {{!}} {{{audio_caption}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{footer|}}}| {{!}}- {{!}} colspan=2 style="text-align: left" {{!}} {{{footer}}} {{!}}- }} |}<templatestyles src="Template:Wp/pih/Taxobox/core/styles.css" /><!-- Define any categories to be displayed on the page here: -->{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}<!-- -->| [[Category:Articles with 'species' microformats]]<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{colour|none}}}|{{Taxobox/Error_colour}}| [[Category:Taxoboxes with the error color]]}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{colour|none}}}|{{Taxobox colour|incertae sedis}}| [[Category:Taxoboxes with the incertae sedis color]]}}<!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{colour|none}}}|{{Taxobox colour|}}| [[Category:Taxoboxes with no color]]}}<!-- -->{{Taxonbar/candidate}}<!-- -->}}<noinclude>{{Wp/pih/documentation|Template:Wp/pih/Infobox Taxon/core/doc}} {{INTERWIKI|Q15292999}} </noinclude> r42jqbpjcoavfipn1tplw8d1smcotge 14 3784849 7240149 7234688 2026-07-05T12:36:02Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240149 wikitext text/x-wiki Lema bedasarkan bahaso {{INTERWIKI|Q30524912}} [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso]] gxy9dnwl89zpozy3y3lbfzyr2jdzxh7 828 3784853 7240185 7234693 2026-07-05T13:36:09Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240185 Scribunto text/plain local next = next local date_and_time = "mw:Help:Magic words#Date and time" local escaped_characters = "mw:Help:Magic words#Escaped characters" local formatting = "mw:Help:Magic words#Formatting" local labeled_section_transclusion = "mw:Extension:Labeled Section Transclusion" local liquidthreads = "mw:Extension:LiquidThreads" local localization_functions = "mw:Help:Magic words#Localization functions" local localization_variables = "mw:Help:Magic words#Localization variables" local miscellaneous = "mw:Help:Magic words#Miscellaneous" local namespaces = "mw:Help:Magic words#Namespaces" local namespaces_2 = "mw:Help:Magic words#Namespaces 2" local noexternallanglinks = "mw:Wikibase/Installation/Advanced configuration#noexternallanglinks" local page_names = "mw:Help:Magic words#Page names" local parser_functions_ext = "mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##" -- ## is not a typo local statistics = "mw:Help:Magic words#Statistics" local substitution = "mw:Manual:Substitution" local technical_metadata = "mw:Help:Magic words#Technical metadata" local technical_metadata_of_another_page = "mw:Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page" local transclusion_modifiers = "mw:Help:Magic words#Transclusion modifiers" local url_data = "mw:Help:Magic words#URL data" local data = {} for k, v in next, { ["!"] = { parser_variable = escaped_characters, case_sensitive = false }, ["#BABEL"] = { parser_function = "mw:Extension:Babel#Usage", case_sensitive = false }, ["#bcp47"] = { -- Case-sensitive lowercase. parser_function = localization_functions, parser_variable = localization_functions, -- Not a typo. case_sensitive = true }, ["#CATEGORYTREE"] = { parser_function = "mw:Extension:CategoryTree#The {{Wt/rki/#categorytree}} parser function", case_sensitive = false }, ["#COMMASEPARATEDLIST"] = { parser_function = formatting, case_sensitive = false }, ["#dir"] = { -- Case-sensitive lowercase. parser_function = localization_functions, parser_variable = localization_functions, -- Not a typo. case_sensitive = true }, ["#EXPR"] = { parser_function = parser_functions_ext .. "expr", case_sensitive = false }, ["#FORMAL"] = { parser_function = localization_functions, case_sensitive = true }, ["#FORMATDATE"] = { aliases = {"#DATEFORMAT"}, parser_function = formatting, case_sensitive = false }, ["#IF"] = { parser_function = parser_functions_ext .. "if", case_sensitive = false }, ["#IFEQ"] = { parser_function = parser_functions_ext .. "ifeq", case_sensitive = false }, ["#IFERROR"] = { parser_function = parser_functions_ext .. "iferror", case_sensitive = false }, ["#IFEXIST"] = { parser_function = parser_functions_ext .. "ifexist", case_sensitive = false }, ["#IFEXPR"] = { parser_function = parser_functions_ext .. "ifexpr", case_sensitive = false }, ["#interlanguagelink"] = { -- Case-sensitive lowercase. parser_function = miscellaneous, case_sensitive = true }, ["#interwikilink"] = { -- Case-sensitive lowercase. parser_function = miscellaneous, case_sensitive = true }, ["#INVOKE"] = { parser_function = "mw:Extension:Scribunto#Usage", case_sensitive = false }, ["#LANGUAGE"] = { parser_function = localization_functions, parser_variable = localization_functions, -- Not a typo. case_sensitive = false }, ["#LQTPAGELIMIT"] = { parser_function = liquidthreads, case_sensitive = false }, ["#LST"] = { aliases = {"#SECTION"}, parser_function = labeled_section_transclusion, case_sensitive = false }, ["#LSTH"] = { aliases = {"#SECTION-H"}, parser_function = labeled_section_transclusion, case_sensitive = false }, ["#LSTX"] = { aliases = {"#SECTION-X"}, parser_function = labeled_section_transclusion, case_sensitive = false }, ["#PROPERTY"] = { parser_function = "m:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax", case_sensitive = false }, ["#REL2ABS"] = { parser_function = parser_functions_ext .. "rel2abs", case_sensitive = false }, ["#SPECIAL"] = { parser_function = miscellaneous, case_sensitive = false }, ["#SPECIALE"] = { parser_function = miscellaneous, case_sensitive = false }, ["#STATEMENTS"] = { parser_function = "d:WD:How to use data on Wikimedia projects#Parser function", case_sensitive = false }, ["#SWITCH"] = { parser_function = parser_functions_ext .. "switch", case_sensitive = false }, ["#TAG"] = { parser_function = miscellaneous, case_sensitive = false }, ["#TARGET"] = { parser_function = "mw:Extension:MassMessage#Parser function delivery lists", case_sensitive = false }, ["#TIME"] = { parser_function = parser_functions_ext .. "time", case_sensitive = false }, ["#timef"] = { -- Case-sensitive lowercase. parser_function = parser_functions_ext, case_sensitive = true }, ["#timefl"] = { -- Case-sensitive lowercase. parser_function = parser_functions_ext, case_sensitive = true }, ["#TIMEL"] = { parser_function = parser_functions_ext .. "timel", case_sensitive = false }, ["#TITLEPARTS"] = { parser_function = parser_functions_ext .. "titleparts", case_sensitive = false }, ["#USELIQUIDTHREADS"] = { parser_function = liquidthreads, case_sensitive = false }, ["="] = { parser_variable = escaped_characters, case_sensitive = false }, ["ANCHORENCODE"] = { parser_function = url_data, case_sensitive = false }, ["ARTICLEPATH"] = { parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = false }, ["BASEPAGENAME"] = { parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["BASEPAGENAMEE"] = { parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["BIDI"] = { parser_function = formatting, case_sensitive = false }, ["CANONICALURL"] = { parser_function = url_data, case_sensitive = false }, ["CANONICALURLE"] = { parser_function = url_data, case_sensitive = false }, ["CASCADINGSOURCES"] = { parser_function = technical_metadata_of_another_page, parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["CONTENTLANGUAGE"] = { aliases = {"CONTENTLANG"}, parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTDAY"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTDAY2"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTDAYNAME"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTDOW"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTHOUR"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTMONTH"] = { aliases = {"CURRENTMONTH2"}, parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTMONTH1"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTMONTHABBREV"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTMONTHNAME"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTTIME"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTTIMESTAMP"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTVERSION"] = { parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTWEEK"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["CURRENTYEAR"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["DEFAULTSORT"] = { aliases = {"DEFAULTCATEGORYSORT", "DEFAULTSORTKEY"}, parser_function = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["DIRECTIONMARK"] = { aliases = {"DIRMARK"}, parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["DISPLAYTITLE"] = { parser_function = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["FILEPATH"] = { parser_function = url_data, case_sensitive = false }, ["FORMATNUM"] = { parser_function = formatting, case_sensitive = false }, ["FULLPAGENAME"] = { parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["FULLPAGENAMEE"] = { parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["FULLURL"] = { parser_function = url_data, case_sensitive = false }, ["FULLURLE"] = { parser_function = url_data, case_sensitive = false }, ["GENDER"] = { parser_function = localization_functions, case_sensitive = false }, ["GRAMMAR"] = { parser_function = localization_functions, case_sensitive = false }, ["INT"] = { parser_function = localization_functions, case_sensitive = false }, ["LC"] = { parser_function = formatting, case_sensitive = false }, ["LCFIRST"] = { parser_function = formatting, case_sensitive = false }, ["LOCALDAY"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["LOCALDAY2"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["LOCALDAYNAME"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["LOCALDOW"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["LOCALHOUR"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["LOCALMONTH"] = { aliases = {"LOCALMONTH2"}, parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["LOCALMONTH1"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["LOCALMONTHABBREV"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["LOCALMONTHNAME"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["LOCALMONTHNAMEGEN"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["LOCALTIME"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["LOCALTIMESTAMP"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["LOCALURL"] = { parser_function = url_data, case_sensitive = false }, ["LOCALURLE"] = { parser_function = url_data, case_sensitive = false }, ["LOCALWEEK"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["LOCALYEAR"] = { parser_variable = date_and_time, case_sensitive = true }, ["MSG"] = { transclusion_modifier = transclusion_modifiers, priority = 2, case_sensitive = false }, ["MSGNW"] = { transclusion_modifier = transclusion_modifiers, priority = 2, case_sensitive = false }, ["NAMESPACE"] = { parser_function = namespaces, parser_variable = namespaces, case_sensitive = true }, ["NAMESPACEE"] = { parser_function = namespaces, parser_variable = namespaces, case_sensitive = true }, ["NAMESPACENUMBER"] = { parser_function = namespaces, parser_variable = namespaces, case_sensitive = true }, ["NOEXTERNALLANGLINKS"] = { parser_function = noexternallanglinks, parser_variable = noexternallanglinks, case_sensitive = false }, ["NS"] = { parser_function = namespaces_2, case_sensitive = false }, ["NSE"] = { parser_function = namespaces_2, case_sensitive = false }, ["NUMBERINGROUP"] = { aliases = {"NUMINGROUP"}, parser_function = statistics, case_sensitive = true }, ["NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS"] = { parser_function = statistics, parser_variable = statistics, case_sensitive = true }, ["NUMBEROFADMINS"] = { parser_function = statistics, parser_variable = statistics, case_sensitive = true }, ["NUMBEROFARTICLES"] = { parser_function = statistics, parser_variable = statistics, case_sensitive = true }, ["NUMBEROFEDITS"] = { parser_function = statistics, parser_variable = statistics, case_sensitive = true }, ["NUMBEROFFILES"] = { parser_function = statistics, parser_variable = statistics, case_sensitive = true }, ["NUMBEROFPAGES"] = { parser_function = statistics, parser_variable = statistics, case_sensitive = true }, ["NUMBEROFUSERS"] = { parser_function = statistics, parser_variable = statistics, case_sensitive = true }, ["PADLEFT"] = { parser_function = formatting, case_sensitive = false }, ["PADRIGHT"] = { parser_function = formatting, case_sensitive = false }, ["PAGEID"] = { parser_function = technical_metadata_of_another_page, parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = false }, ["PAGELANGUAGE"] = { parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["PAGENAME"] = { parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["PAGENAMEE"] = { parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["PAGESINCATEGORY"] = { aliases = {"PAGESINCAT"}, parser_function = statistics, case_sensitive = true }, ["PAGESIZE"] = { parser_function = technical_metadata_of_another_page, case_sensitive = true }, ["PLURAL"] = { parser_function = localization_functions, case_sensitive = false }, ["PROTECTIONEXPIRY"] = { parser_function = { technical_metadata, technical_metadata_of_another_page }, case_sensitive = true }, ["PROTECTIONLEVEL"] = { parser_function = { technical_metadata, technical_metadata_of_another_page }, case_sensitive = true }, ["RAW"] = { transclusion_modifier = transclusion_modifiers, priority = 3, case_sensitive = false }, ["REVISIONDAY"] = { parser_function = technical_metadata_of_another_page, parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["REVISIONDAY2"] = { parser_function = technical_metadata_of_another_page, parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["REVISIONID"] = { parser_function = technical_metadata_of_another_page, parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["REVISIONMONTH"] = { parser_function = technical_metadata_of_another_page, parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["REVISIONMONTH1"] = { parser_function = technical_metadata_of_another_page, parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["REVISIONSIZE"] = { parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["REVISIONTIMESTAMP"] = { parser_function = technical_metadata_of_another_page, parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["REVISIONUSER"] = { parser_function = technical_metadata_of_another_page, parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["REVISIONYEAR"] = { parser_function = technical_metadata_of_another_page, parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["ROOTPAGENAME"] = { parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["ROOTPAGENAMEE"] = { parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["SAFESUBST"] = { transclusion_modifier = substitution, priority = 1, case_sensitive = false }, ["SCRIPTPATH"] = { parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = false }, ["SERVER"] = { parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = false }, ["SERVERNAME"] = { parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = false }, ["SITENAME"] = { parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = true }, ["STYLEPATH"] = { parser_variable = technical_metadata, case_sensitive = false }, ["SUBJECTPAGENAME"] = { aliases = {"ARTICLEPAGENAME"}, parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["SUBJECTPAGENAMEE"] = { aliases = {"ARTICLEPAGENAMEE"}, parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["SUBJECTSPACE"] = { aliases = {"ARTICLESPACE"}, parser_function = namespaces, parser_variable = namespaces, case_sensitive = true }, ["SUBJECTSPACEE"] = { aliases = {"ARTICLESPACEE"}, parser_function = namespaces, parser_variable = namespaces, case_sensitive = true }, ["SUBPAGENAME"] = { parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["SUBPAGENAMEE"] = { parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["SUBST"] = { transclusion_modifier = substitution, priority = 1, case_sensitive = false }, ["TALKPAGENAME"] = { parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["TALKPAGENAMEE"] = { parser_function = page_names, parser_variable = page_names, case_sensitive = true }, ["TALKSPACE"] = { parser_function = namespaces, parser_variable = namespaces, case_sensitive = true }, ["TALKSPACEE"] = { parser_function = namespaces, parser_variable = namespaces, case_sensitive = true }, ["UC"] = { parser_function = formatting, case_sensitive = false }, ["UCFIRST"] = { parser_function = formatting, case_sensitive = false }, ["URLENCODE"] = { parser_function = url_data, case_sensitive = false }, ["USERLANGUAGE"] = { parser_variable = localization_variables, case_sensitive = true }, } do data[k] = v if not v.name then v.name = k end local aliases = v.aliases if aliases then for i = 1, #aliases do data[aliases[i]] = v end v.aliases = nil end end return data r0xupvcwffs0t7cphybsws5x3nf7zij 828 3784856 7240193 7234699 2026-07-05T13:45:26Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240193 Scribunto text/plain local load_module = "Module:Wt/rki/load" local scribunto_module = "Module:Wt/rki/Scribunto" local title_get_current_namespace_module = "Module:Wt/rki/title/getCurrentNamespace" local title_get_current_title_module = "Module:Wt/rki/title/getCurrentTitle" local title_get_main_page_title_module = "Module:Wt/rki/title/getMainPageTitle" local byte = string.byte local find = string.find local match = string.match local new_title = mw.title.new local reverse = string.reverse local sub = string.sub local type = type local function get_current_title(...) get_current_title = require(title_get_current_title_module) return get_current_title(...) end local function get_main_page_title(...) get_main_page_title = require(title_get_main_page_title_module) return get_main_page_title(...) end local function php_ltrim(...) php_ltrim = require(scribunto_module).php_ltrim return php_ltrim(...) end local function php_rtrim(...) php_rtrim = require(scribunto_module).php_rtrim return php_rtrim(...) end local current_pagename local function get_current_pagename() -- Call mw.title.getCurrentTitle() directly rather than the modified version -- at [[Module:Wt/rki/title/getCurrentTitle]], as it doesn't do anything extra when -- no fragment argument is given, so there's no point in loading it. current_pagename, get_current_pagename = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText, nil return current_pagename end local namespace_has_subpages local function get_namespace_has_subpages() namespace_has_subpages, get_namespace_has_subpages = require(load_module).load_data(title_get_current_namespace_module).hasSubpages, nil return namespace_has_subpages end local function split_text(text) -- Split off the fragment. local hash, target, fragment = find(text, "#", nil, true) if hash then target, fragment = sub(text, 1, hash - 1), sub(text, hash) else target, fragment = text, "" end return php_rtrim(target), fragment end --[==[ A modified version of {mw.title.new}: * It is no longer possible to generate title objects for the empty string by inputting a title starting with {"#"}. Such empty string titles do not represent a valid page, and are broken in various ways (e.g. attempting to access certain keys results in an error); see [[phab:T240678]]. * There are two additional boolean flags: ** If {allowOnlyFragment} is set, string inputs starting with {#} are handled analogously to links (e.g. the input {"#foo"} returns a title object for the current page with the addition of the fragment {"foo"}, analogous to the link [[#foo]]). As a special case, the input {"#"} returns the title for the main page (see TitleValue.php). ** If {allowRelative} is set, inputs representing relative titles will work (e.g. {"/foo"} and {"../"}, analogous to the relative links [[/foo]] and [[../]]).]==] return function(text_or_id, defaultNamespace, allowOnlyFragment, allowRelative) -- Process relative titles in the same way as normalizeSubpageLink() in -- Linker.php. if ( allowRelative and type(text_or_id) == "string" and -- Distinguish nil and false for the purposes of calling the getter. (namespace_has_subpages == nil and get_namespace_has_subpages() or namespace_has_subpages) ) then -- For both kinds of relative title, `text_or_id` has to be split into -- `target` and `fragment` (if any). `target` has to be trimmed, but -- as an optimisation, only do a left-trim on `text_or_id`, which is -- sufficient for the initial checks for potential relative titles, as -- this avoids unnecessary splitting/trimming in the vast majority of -- cases where the title won't be relative. In the cases where it is, -- `target` will then be right-trimmed once it has been split out of -- `text_or_id`. text_or_id = php_ltrim(text_or_id) local init = byte(text_or_id) -- If the target starts with "/", it's treated as a subpage of the -- current page. Final slashes are trimmed, but this can't affect the -- intervening slash (e.g. "[[///]]" refers to "[[{{PAGENAME}}/]]"). if init == 0x2F then -- / local target, fragment = split_text(text_or_id) text_or_id, defaultNamespace = (current_pagename or get_current_pagename()) .. (match(target, "^/.*[^/]") or "/") .. fragment, nil -- If the title starts with "../", trim it and any further "../" that -- follow, and go up that many subpage levels. Then, treat any -- additional text as a subpage of that page. Final slashes are trimmed. elseif init == 0x2E and sub(text_or_id, 2, 3) == "./" then -- ../ local n, target, fragment = 4, split_text(text_or_id) while sub(target, n, n + 2) == "../" do n = n + 3 end -- Retain an initial "/". target = sub(target, n - 1) -- Trim the relevant number of subpages from the pagename. local pagename, i = reverse(current_pagename or get_current_pagename()), 0 for _ = 1, (n - 1) / 3 do i = find(pagename, "/", i + 1, true) -- Fail if there aren't enough slashes. if not i then return nil end end -- Add the subpage text; since the intervening "/" is retained in -- `target`, it can be trimmed along with any other final slashes -- (e.g. [[..///]] refers to "{{BASEPAGENAME}}".) text_or_id, defaultNamespace = reverse(sub(pagename, i + 1)) .. (match(target, "^.*[^/]") or "") .. fragment, nil end end local title = new_title(text_or_id, defaultNamespace) if not title then return nil elseif title.prefixedText ~= "" then return title -- If `prefixedText` is the empty string, the input only has a fragment. elseif not allowOnlyFragment then return nil end -- Retrieve the fragment: if it's the empty string, return a title object -- for the main page (which is where the link [[#]] resolves); otherwise, -- return a current title object using [[Module:Wt/rki/title/getCurrentTitle]], -- which sets the fragment on the returned title to the string passed in. -- (Note that inputs like "##foo" aren't interpreted as the main page with -- the fragment "foo"; instead, it's a fragment for the section "#foo" on -- the current page, since "#" is itself a valid fragment character.) local fragment = title.fragment return fragment == "" and get_main_page_title() or get_current_title(fragment) end pu4x5uf9cyojydtkzh3mqo2rroryesm 14 3784860 7240328 7234713 2026-07-05T16:09:22Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 /* */ 7240328 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:[[Wt/jax/Bahaso|Bahaso]] {{INTERWIKI|Q30430398}} [[Category:Wt/jax/Utamo]] a99irouthqmtg9louru5yelegggwu64 14 3784863 7240332 7234726 2026-07-05T16:11:56Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240332 wikitext text/x-wiki Kategori ko merupokan kategori paling tinggi di sistem kategori Wikikato bahaso Jambi. {{INTERWIKI|Q1281}} [[Category:Wt/jax]] 59fr2ah8zlk9u7w29cs9tkclgrdlvyn 828 3784864 7240192 7234723 2026-07-05T13:44:53Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240192 Scribunto text/plain local table_get_metamethod_module = "Module:Wt/rki/table/getMetamethod" local error = error local rawequal = rawequal local type = type local function get_metamethod(...) get_metamethod = require(table_get_metamethod_module) return get_metamethod(...) end local title_eq, title_lt local function get_title_mm() local success, eq, lt = get_metamethod(mw.title.getCurrentTitle(), "__eq", "__lt") if not success then error("Failed to fetch current title") -- this should never happen end title_eq, title_lt, get_title_mm = eq, lt, nil return eq end --[==[ Returns {true} if the input is a title object, or {false} if not.]==] return function(obj) if not (obj and type(obj) == "table") then return false end local success, eq, lt = get_metamethod(obj, "__eq", "__lt") -- There's no foolproof method for checking for a title object, but the -- __eq and __lt metamethods should always be the same. Also discount titles -- that only have fragments (returned by mw.title.new() and -- mw.title.makeTitle() if the input starts with "#"), since they cannot -- represent a valid page, and are broken in various ways (e.g. attempting -- to access certain keys results in an error); see [[phab:T240678]]. return success and eq ~= nil and lt ~= nil and rawequal(eq, (title_eq or get_title_mm())) and rawequal(lt, title_lt) and obj.prefixedText ~= "" end 82gxskkzbc75uvs9441a1p6s71pcbml 828 3784865 7240190 7234729 2026-07-05T13:42:09Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240190 Scribunto text/plain local table_get_unprotected_metatable = "Module:Wt/rki/table/getUnprotectedMetatable" local rawget = rawget local select = select local function get_unprotected_metatable(...) get_unprotected_metatable = require(table_get_unprotected_metatable) return get_unprotected_metatable(...) end local function get_metamethod(n, i, mt, mm, ...) if mt then mm = rawget(mt, mm) else mm = nil end if i == n then return mm end return mm, get_metamethod(n, i + 1, mt, ...) end --[==[ Takes an input value and any number of metamethods, and attempts to retrieve the values at those keys in the value's metatable. Returns a boolean stating whether the value's metamethods are findable, followed by a return value for each metamethod. A value's metamethods are findable if it does not have a protected metatable, so the first return value is {true} if the value either has a metatable which does not contain the {__metatable} metamethod, or it has no metatable at all. If the value does have a protected metatable, the first return value is {false}, and all remaining return values default to {nil}.]==] return function(t, ...) local mt, n = get_unprotected_metatable(t), select("#", ...) -- get_unprotected_metatable() returns the metatable if it's unprotected, -- false if it's protected, or nil if there is no metatable. It checks -- whether a metatable is protected by trying pcall(setmetatable, t), -- so it's always possible to determine accurately. if n == 0 then return mt ~= false end return mt ~= false, get_metamethod(n, 1, mt, ...) end qxgyuhhnav8zzmdtghox8mt6ly3k9ey 14 3785231 7240719 7236700 2026-07-06T07:55:16Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q106678664]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240719 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် ဘာသာစကား]] {{INTERWIKI|Q106678664}} euk2qj4xdfeze64meaiuzkhu2kkcr1u 14 3785234 7240747 7236719 2026-07-06T08:18:41Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q7482890]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240747 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/ပင်မကဏ္ဍ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7482890}} cxxgye2pz0bppn6qtqwhx0086hcz1ny 0 3785662 7240126 7238424 2026-07-05T12:24:19Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wp/jax/Idangan]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240126 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamir''', kadang ditulis '''Khamir''' ({{lang-jv|ꦏ꦳ꦩꦶꦂ}}) atau jugo dikenali dengan '''samir''' adaloh makanan has Pemalang. Hadirnyo kue khamir awalnyo dibawak oleh warga asal negara Arab Saudi yang tinggal di Mulyoharjo. Secaro fisik, kue ko punyo bentuk bulat dan pipih dengan warno kecokelatan. Sekilas tampilannyo mirip dengan kue apem atau serabi, namun kue kamir punyo ukuran yang lebih besak serto tekstur yang lebih tebal. Kue ko tebuat dari adonan terigu, mentega, dan telor, kadang dicampur dengan bahan macam pisang ambon atau tape. Kamir ado duo jenis, yaitu kamir beras dan kamir terigu. Di pasaran Kota Pemalang, lebih banyak kamir terigu karno yang tahan lamo sedangkan kamir beras cuma bedasarkan pesanan. Beberapo orang nyebutnyo dengan namo '''Samir'''. == Bentuk kamir == Kue ko bebentuk bundar, pipih bewarno coklat dan hampir nyeruoi kue apem atau serabi tapi dikit lebih besak dan bantet. Sedangkan ukurannyo macam-macam, yang besak sampe sebesak lingkaran pinggan makan. Sedangkan yang kecik sebesak lingkaran mangkuk. Ukuran-ukuran itu tegantung yang mesan. Bahkan pernah nak dibuat ukuran raksasa tapi gagal karno idak masak merato.^{&#x5B;''butuh rujukan''&#x5D;} Tahapan utamo dalam bentukan adonan ssampe nyerupoi roti iyolah proses fermentasi adonan tepung make khamir roti. Fermentasi tu befungsi menghasilkan gas karbon dioksida (CO2)<ref name=":1" /> yang buat adonan ngembang. Selain itu, khamir jugo menghasilkan senyawo asam dan alkohol yang jugo memberikan aroma has pado roti [[Category:Wp/jax/Idangan]] 1onz1e2camybklyj8hm8rv4e1p43lse 0 3785664 7240123 7238428 2026-07-05T12:20:29Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 /* */ Biki, kodenyo pakek Jax, jangan lupo jax 7240123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/jax/bahaso|jax}} {{Wt/jax/palak|jax}} {{Wt/jax/-n-|jax}} # [[Wt/jax/ruponyo|ruponyo]] l2dprgz9jmyy28diz2mz32oz06pfrnq 7240125 7240123 2026-07-05T12:22:03Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 /* */ 7240125 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/jax/bahaso|jax}}== {{Wt/jax/head|jax}} {{Wt/jax/-adv-|jax}} # [[Wt/jax/ruponyo|ruponyo]] 9r7qdx71k824hzlt751zu0g373ielj7 0 3785769 7240455 7238719 2026-07-05T20:57:14Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240455 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/mnc/-en-}} == # [[Wp/mnc/ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ|ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] qregqehgnf27x5ft9l8n3um2eykdnc7 0 3785882 7240758 7239528 2026-07-06T08:33:53Z Sree1959 2594881 பக்க தலைப்புகள் சில மாற்றப்பட்டன 7240758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Disclaimerbox|'''முக்கியம்:''' இங்கே பட்டியலிடப்பட்டுள்ள கொள்கைகளுக்கு மேலதிகமாக, விக்கிப்பயணம் அனைத்து [[:meta:Meta:Policies and guidelines|உலகளாவிய விக்கிமீடியா கொள்கைகளுக்கும்]] உட்பட்டது.}} {| style="width:100%; border-spacing:5px 1px;" |- | style="width:33%; padding:10px; vertical-align:top; background-color:#ddddff; color: black;" | {{Wy/ta/Shortcut|[[Wy/ta/கொள்கை|கொள்கை]]<br>[[Wy/ta/கொள்கைகள்|கொள்கைகள்]]<br>[[Wy/ta/கொள்கை சுருக்கம்|கொள்கை சுருக்கம்]]<br>[[Wy/ta/விப:கொசு|விப:கொசு]]}} '''இந்தப் பக்கம் தமிழ் விக்கிப்பயணத்தின் கொள்கைகளுக்கான ஒரு வழிகாட்டியாகும். உங்கள் கேள்விக்கான விடையை இங்கேயோ அல்லது [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:அடிக்கடி கேட்கப்படும் கேள்விகள்|அடிக்கடி கேட்கப்படும் கேள்விகள்]] பகுதியிலோ காண முடியாவிட்டால், [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:பயணிகள் மன்றம்|பயணிகள் மன்றத்தில்]] கேளுங்கள். __TOC__ <inputbox> bgcolor = transparent type = fulltext prefix = Wy/ta/ width = 30 searchbuttonlabel = கொள்கைப் பக்கங்களைத் தேடவும் </inputbox> |} ==வழிகாட்டும் கோட்பாடுகள்== :''இவை நமது பணிகளுக்கும் கொள்கைக்கும் ஊக்கமளிக்கும் அடிப்படை கோட்பாடுகளாகும்.'' ;[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:பயணியே முதன்மையானவர்|பயணியே முதன்மையானவர்]] {{Wy/ta/Shortcut|[[Wy/ta/பமு|பமு]]<br />[[Wy/ta/நபமு|நபமு]]}} :'''சுருக்கம்:''' ''பயணியின் கண்ணோட்டத்தில் எது சிறந்ததோ, அதன்படியே நமது பணிகள் அமைகின்றன.'' :'''குறிப்பு:''' இதையே நமது '''''முதன்மைக் கொள்கை''''' என்று கூறலாம். <!--:தொடர்புடைய பக்கங்கள்: எதுவும் காணப்படவில்லை--> ;[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:குறிக்கோள்களும் அல்லாதவையும்|குறிக்கோள்களும் அல்லாதவையும்]]: {{Wy/ta/Shortcut|[[Wy/ta/குறிக்கோள்கள்|குறிக்கோள்கள்]]}} :'''சுருக்கம்:''' ''உலகளாவிய அளவில் இலவசமான, முழுமையான, புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்ட மற்றும் நம்பகமான பயண வழிகாட்டியை உருவாக்குவதே நமது குறிக்கோள்.'' :தொடர்புடைய பக்கங்கள்: :*[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:இதை எங்கு சேர்க்கலாம்?|இதை எங்கு சேர்க்கலாம்?]] ([[Wy/ta/இஎசே|இஎசே]]) :*[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை என்றால் என்ன?|கட்டுரை என்றால் என்ன?]] ([[Wy/ta/கஎஎ|கஎஎ]]) ;[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:ஒருமித்த கருத்து|ஒருமித்த கருத்து]] {{Wy/ta/Shortcut|[[Wy/ta/ஒகருத்து|ஒகருத்து]]}} :'''சுருக்கம்:''' ''பெரும்பாலான முடிவுகள் வாக்கெடுப்புக்கு மாறாக ஒருமித்த கருத்தை எட்டுவதன் மூலமே எடுக்கப்படுகின்றன — எனவே, விவாதத்திற்குரிய விஷயங்களில் உங்கள் வாதங்களை முன்வைத்து ஒருமித்த கருத்தை உருவாக்குங்கள்.'' :தொடர்புடைய பக்கங்கள்: :*[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கருத்து கோரும் விண்ணப்பங்கள்|கருத்து கோரும் விண்ணப்பங்கள்]] :*[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:பயணிகள் மன்றம்|பயணிகள் மன்றம்]] ;[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:தயங்காமல் செயல்படுங்கள்!|தயங்காமல் செயல்படுங்கள்!]] {{Wy/ta/Shortcut|[[Wy/ta/விபதசெ|விபதசெ]]<br />[[Wy/ta/செயல்படுங்கள்|செயல்படுங்கள்]]}} :'''சுருக்கம்:''' ''கச்சிதமாக இருக்க வேண்டும் என்றோ, தவறுகள் நேர்ந்துவிடுமோ என்றோ கவலைப்பட வேண்டாம். ஒரு விஷயத்தைச் செய்ய வேண்டியிருந்தால், துணிந்து களத்தில் இறங்கி அதைச் செய்யுங்கள். கட்டுரைகளில் பயனுள்ள திருத்தங்களை மேற்கொள்ளுங்கள்.'' <!--:தொடர்புடைய பக்கங்கள்: - எதுவும் காணப்படவில்லை--> ==முக்கிய உள்ளடக்கக் கொள்கைகள்== முக்கிய உள்ளடக்கக் கொள்கைகள் என்பவை, நமது பயண வழிகாட்டியை வாசகர்களுக்கு நாம் எழுதி, வழங்கும் முறையைக் குறிக்கின்றன. <!-- குறிப்பு: இந்தக் முக்கிய உள்ளடக்கக் கொள்கைகள் எழுத்து நடையைக் குறிப்பிட வேண்டும்/இணைக்க வேண்டும். அதுபோலவே நேர்மாறாகவும் --> ;[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:நியாயமாக இருங்கள்|நியாயமாக இருங்கள்]] {{Wy/ta/Shortcut|[[Wy/ta/விப:நிஇ]]}} :'''சுருக்கம்:''' ''பயண இலக்குகளைப் பற்றிய விவரங்கள் புகழ்வதாக இல்லாவிவிடினும், நியாயமாக விவரியுங்கள். பயணிகள் சரியான முடிவுகளை எடுப்பதற்கு உதவும் வகையில் உண்மையான தகவல்களை வழங்குங்கள்.'' :தொடர்புடைய பக்கங்கள்: :*[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:தவிர்க்க வேண்டிய சொற்கள்|தவிர்க்க வேண்டிய சொற்கள்]] ;[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:விளம்பரப்படுத்தாதீர்கள்|விளம்பரப்படுத்தாதீர்கள்]] {{Wy/ta/Shortcut|[[Wy/ta/விளவே|விளவே]]<br />[[Wy/ta/தரகு|தரகு]]<br />[[Wy/ta/வேவிளம்|வேவிளம்]]}} :'''சுருக்கம்:''' ''அந்தந்த நிறுவனம் அல்லது சுற்றுலாத் தலத்தைப் பற்றிய விவரங்கள் தெளிவான, நேர்மையான மற்றும் சுருக்கமான சொற்களில் பட்டியலிடப்பட்டிருக்க வேண்டும். ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட இடத்தில் ஒரு வணிக நிறுவனம் ஒரு முறை மட்டுமே பட்டியலிடப்பட வேண்டும். விளம்பரப்படுத்தும் நோக்கம் கொண்டதாகத் தோன்றும் திருத்தங்கள் நீக்கப்படலாம்.'' :தொடர்புடைய பக்கங்கள்: :*[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:தவிர்க்க வேண்டிய சொற்கள்|தவிர்க்க வேண்டிய சொற்கள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயண கொள்கைகள்]] crcp6xbpe1lbctmvi2xi6vx9hpkdfu0 10 3785995 7240348 7239872 2026-07-05T16:20:10Z Sree1959 2594881 வார்ப்புரு மாற்றியமைக்கப்பட்டது. 7240348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Documentation subpage}} {{Wy/ta/Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Wy/ta/Ambox/styles.css}} __NOTOC__ <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> ==History== This is the <nowiki>{{Wy/ta/Ambox}}</nowiki> or '''Article message box''' meta-template. It is used to build article message box templates such as <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Wy/ta/Style|style]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki>. It offers several different colours, uses default images if no image parameter is given, and has some other features. This template is a derived work. It is, however, NOT exactly the same as Wikipedia's template of the same name! All [[Template:Wy/ta/Ambox/styles.css|CSS]] has been integrated into the template, and therefore some features are not available. However it is still a very useful template! ==Usage Instructions== Example to display a notice: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Wy/ta/Ambox | type = notice | text = There's an issue with this page! | fix = To fix it, you can edit! }} </syntaxhighlight> The code above should return: {{Wy/ta/Ambox | type = notice | text = Hello world! }} The type parameter defines the colour of the left bar, and the image that is used by default. The type is chosen not on aesthetics but is based on the type of issue that the template describes. The seven available types and their default images are shown below. {{Wy/ta/Ambox |type= speedy |text= <code><nowiki>|type= speedy</nowiki></code> – speedy deletion issues, such as <nowiki>{{Speedy}}</nowiki> }} {{Wy/ta/Ambox |type= delete |text= <code><nowiki>|type= delete</nowiki></code> – deletion issues, such as <nowiki>{{vfd}}</nowiki> }} {{Wy/ta/Ambox |type= content |text= <code><nowiki>|type= content</nowiki></code> – content issues, such as <nowiki>{{Movetodistrict}}</nowiki> }} {{Wy/ta/Ambox |type= style |text= <code><nowiki>|type= style</nowiki></code> – style issues, such as <nowiki>{{style}}</nowiki> }} {{Wy/ta/Ambox |type= notice |text= <code><nowiki>|type= notice</nowiki></code> – article notices, such as <nowiki>{{Districts discussion}}</nowiki> }} {{Wy/ta/Ambox |type= move |text= <code><nowiki>|type= move</nowiki></code> – merge, split and transwiki proposals, such as <nowiki>{{Merge}}</nowiki> }} {{Wy/ta/Ambox |type= protection |text= <code><nowiki>|type= protection</nowiki></code> – protection notices, such as <nowiki>{{Protected}}</nowiki> }} <!-- {{Wy/ta/Ambox |type= approval |text= <code><nowiki>|type= approval</nowiki></code> – approval issues, not used by any template }} --> The box and text will not appear in printed copies of pages; this is by design, as page maintenance notices are only of value if the user is online and able to edit the page to fix the issues. ==See also== * [[Template:Wy/ta/Imbox]] — image message box * [[Template:Wy/ta/Mbox]] — multi namespace message box * [[Template:Wy/ta/Ombox]] — other pages message box (e.g. policy or help pages) * [[Template:Wy/ta/Tmbox]] — talk page message box <includeonly> <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS HERE, THANKS --> [[Category:Wy/ta/Templates using TemplateStyles]] </includeonly> 7qgsngfxd8xlphm9qjbln1jf1peq3j9 14 3786008 7240702 7239905 2026-07-06T07:41:18Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q32857296]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240702 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/ဘာသာစကားတိ အားနုန်း]] {{INTERWIKI|Q32857296}} 92arhsdirkim58yj73xp3mhkfy9g3ei 14 3786009 7240703 7239906 2026-07-06T07:42:25Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q106678898]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240703 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/မွန် ဘာသာစကား]] {{INTERWIKI|Q106678898}} 1ndcbc1ymck14c9rhapxfzxyan0axbr 14 3786010 7240705 7239907 2026-07-06T07:49:27Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q32856488]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240705 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/မွန် တည်ပုဒ်တိ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q32856488}} 20call9u0fg805bc5wz325ptjljbw9t 14 3786012 7240742 7239910 2026-07-06T08:14:11Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q128935336]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240742 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/ပင်မကဏ္ဍ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q128935336}} bhap7wirstyl1r95nay8pqfzh1xgq0k 10 3786022 7240736 7240016 2026-07-06T08:08:56Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q140446997]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240736 wikitext text/x-wiki ''စောဝင်း (ဂေါယာမြေ), "ရခိုင်အက္ခရာ ရခိုင်စာ"'' (ဂစ္ဆပစာပေ၊ ၂၀၂၀)။[https://rakhinethargreecapee.com/book_dt.php?id=84] <noinclude> [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင်ကိုးကားတမ်းပလိတ်တိ|MED]] {{INTERWIKI|Q140446997}} </noinclude> lmfcdn1frje2iw9zd35wf72imiwu1a6 0 3786047 7240158 7240043 2026-07-05T13:02:37Z ExfactoLexander 2596303 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q7925]] 7240158 wikitext text/x-wiki Ô-ùh nü khīam ùh-ûi jē nühê nong ô-ùh nü thingmie nü khiam a iulüku shau je. [[File:Āpōutíng ô-ùh.jpg|thumb|Ô-ùh khìam]] == Nyūyō == == Āpōutíng == == Nyūlāh == == Ākākèi == == Nyūthí == == Àthàplüchām == [[Category:Wp/kix]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7925}} hdidickqj3xotahtmkey572edf8u37h 7240241 7240158 2026-07-05T14:19:58Z Gracefounder 2686068 7240241 wikitext text/x-wiki Ô-ùh nü khīam ùh-ûi jē nühê nong ô-ùh nü thingmie nü khiam a iulüku shau je. [[File:Āpōutíng ô-ùh.jpg|thumb|Ô-ùh khìam]] == Nyūyō == Ô-ùh. atēi nāi ō-nü tshôukü lām jē nông nāiüh khíam hōi nü thīngmíe à īu-lü kü shòng vā jé nühè thīngmíe nü nóng ō-nyu nü líu shōng nōijé. Kütá āteí nāi thīngmíe hōi nü piochōu ká-e, nühè líeh küta nōng nāi lōuhü ô-ùh nü ô-shí jé, ô-ùh nü āteí nāi tsüo àkhím vā jè jāngkü ô-ùh ātáu nü kō ô-ô kü nōí jē. Ô-ùh nütü nōng ô-ùi kütà lóu hü nóng thīngmíe à īu-lükü khāushá shí kütā lōuhü nōng ô-ùi shíkü nōngteí lí lēm lēm kü nōí jē ô-ùh nü. == Āpōutíng == == Nyūlāh == == Ākākèi == == Nyūthí == == Àthàplüchām == [[Category:Wp/kix]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7925}} c85l0we0fbpdd9yocsfoeg6a7w79khe 7240263 7240241 2026-07-05T14:47:24Z Gracefounder 2686068 7240263 wikitext text/x-wiki Ô-ùh nü khīam ùh-ûi jē nühê nong ô-ùh nü thingmie nü khiam a iulüku shau je. [[File:Āpōutíng ô-ùh.jpg|thumb|Ô-ùh khìam]] == Nyūyō == Ô-ùh. atēi nāi ō-nü tshôukü lām jē nông nāiüh khíam hōi nü thīngmíe à īu-lü kü shòng vā jé nühè thīngmíe nü nóng ō-nyu nü líu shōng nōijé. Kütá āteí nāi thīngmíe hōi nü piochōu ká-e, nühè líeh küta nōng nāi lōuhü ô-ùh nü ô-shí jé, ô-ùh nü āteí nāi tsüo àkhím vā jè jāngkü ô-ùh ātáu nü kō ô-ô kü nōí jē. Ô-ùh nütü nōng ô-ùi kütà lóu hü nóng thīngmíe à īu-lükü khāushá shí kütā lōuhü nōng ô-ùi shíkü nōngteí lí lēm lēm kü nōí jē ô-ùh nü. == Āpōutíng == Ô-ùh nü apouting tsak a-oki jin sheu theuthü āteítü nai ou nü jü ou kü nai tü a-oki jin sheu theuthü tshôukü tshek,nông oh ô-ùh nü tshôukü āpōutíng tsak noi. Ô-ùh nü ô nai tü alum thsou shōng jē nühê khiam nü lükuhü asheu ah ep jē. Ô-ùh aleih nü (June)Pīekānyú (July) Pêi-âm (August) Pâisǜkhìam nühê (September) Tsōukūm kü nōng aleih kü alum thsao mouthi kü meikü shong jē, pai chaim au chaim nühê nühê sango. == Nyūlāh == == Ākākèi == == Nyūthí == == Àthàplüchām == [[Category:Wp/kix]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7925}} fhlco3o8ezzrfkbctko3jw5dqgnkqy4 7240602 7240263 2026-07-06T01:55:05Z Gracefounder 2686068 7240602 wikitext text/x-wiki Ô-ùh nü khīam ùh-ûi jē nühê nong ô-ùh nü thingmie nü khiam a iulüku shau je. [[File:Āpōutíng ô-ùh.jpg|thumb|Ô-ùh khìam]] == Nyūyō == Ô-ùh. atēi nāi ō-nü tshôukü lām jē nông nāiüh khíam hōi nü thīngmíe à īu-lü kü shòng vā jé nühè thīngmíe nü nóng ō-nyu nü líu shōng nōijé. Kütá āteí nāi thīngmíe hōi nü piochōu ká-e, nühè líeh küta nōng nāi lōuhü ô-ùh nü ô-shí jé, ô-ùh nü āteí nāi tsüo àkhím vā jè jāngkü ô-ùh ātáu nü kō ô-ô kü nōí jē. Ô-ùh nütü nōng ô-ùi kütà lóu hü nóng thīngmíe à īu-lükü khāushá shí kütā lōuhü nōng ô-ùi shíkü nōngteí lí lēm lēm kü nōí jē ô-ùh nü. == Āpōutíng == Ô-ùh nü apouting tsak a-oki jin sheu theuthü āteítü nai ou nü jü ou kü nai tü a-oki jin sheu theuthü tshôukü tshek,nông oh ô-ùh nü tshôukü āpōutíng tsak noi. Ô-ùh nü ô nai tü alum thsou shōng jē nühê khiam nü lükuhü asheu ah ep jē. Ô-ùh aleih nü (June)Pīekānyú (July) Pêi-âm (August) Pâisǜkhìam nühê (September) Tsōukūm kü nōng aleih kü alum thsao mouthi kü meikü shong jē, pai chaim au chaim nühê nühê sango. == Nyūlāh == Atao tsak kü Haiming ta nyiekü kheunyo tsak noiküla nühe apa mouhva nye, küta apa ji üh apa ta liam kü apa mo va jin nü ko shi, nühe nong Haiming ta nyiekü noi jin nü long a iu kü va,küta apa jie lükuhü nong long nü ta kiangluh kü long a iu loh va hü kü nōí küla. Nong a-o noi nye ta monglam je nühe atei nai nong long nüta tou-e nong nai ô-ùh ô-shí nyu nü tshoukü shi je. == Ākākèi == == Nyūthí == == Àthàplüchām == [[Category:Wp/kix]] {{INTERWIKI|Q7925}} p5iaspjzs2eyy8zzqo5q8lof86vy6np 2 3786077 7240118 2026-07-05T12:10:46Z Елиминира 2692164 /* */ 7240118 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/yi]] r0mj3vyipdn1mk1oztoi92e85qfdfws 7240124 7240118 2026-07-05T12:20:29Z Елиминира 2692164 7240124 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/syl]] 8v3azyja3g5hll2mopjj9akdxwsqdm0 7240426 7240124 2026-07-05T20:05:38Z Елиминира 2692164 7240426 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/l]] cjr71b5l0m5n7n8jrtdbglyvaovm4um 7240427 7240426 2026-07-05T20:06:06Z Елиминира 2692164 7240427 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/lg]] efs8cetk1x9k1t73s7nqw5a4i18e82k 7240428 7240427 2026-07-05T20:07:29Z Елиминира 2692164 7240428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/lb]] 7zpjg7976jh5i2b3jithfqpnzr6ted1 7240429 7240428 2026-07-05T20:09:11Z Елиминира 2692164 7240429 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wq/lb]] iftddku8fvs7v3siijuzaagnsp73zzv 3 3786078 7240119 2026-07-05T12:10:47Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7240119 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 12:10, 5 July 2026 (UTC) cv81ai07albmq77v3vi15l5shnutn6b 10 3786079 7240120 2026-07-05T12:11:36Z Deepturquoise 2613705 + 7240120 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Citakan ieu dianggo pikeun navigasi dina buku [[Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena]]. [[Category:Aksara Ngalagena]]</noinclude><includeonly><div class="noprint" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: xx-large;">— [[../ᮊ/]] [[../ᮌ/]] [[../ᮍ/]] [[../ᮎ/]] [[../ᮏ/]] [[../ᮑ/]] [[../ᮒ/]] [[../ᮓ/]] [[../ᮔ/]] [[../ᮕ/]] [[../ᮘ/]] [[../ᮙ/]] [[../ᮚ/]] [[../ᮛ/]] [[../ᮜ/]] [[../ᮝ/]] [[../ᮞ/]] [[../ᮠ/]] [[../ᮖ/]] [[../ᮋ/]] [[../ᮗ/]] [[../V/]] [[../W/]] [[../ᮟ/]] [[../ᮐ/]] [[../ᮮ/]] [[../ᮯ/]] —</div></includeonly> mweu6looyo8fi4f9e8ezpnnajxazsgd 7240146 7240120 2026-07-05T12:34:41Z Deepturquoise 2613705 7240146 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Citakan ieu dianggo pikeun navigasi dina buku [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena|Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena]]. [[Category:Aksara Ngalagena]]</noinclude><includeonly><div class="noprint" style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: xx-large;">— [[../ᮊ/]] [[../ᮌ/]] [[../ᮍ/]] [[../ᮎ/]] [[../ᮏ/]] [[../ᮑ/]] [[../ᮒ/]] [[../ᮓ/]] [[../ᮔ/]] [[../ᮕ/]] [[../ᮘ/]] [[../ᮙ/]] [[../ᮚ/]] [[../ᮛ/]] [[../ᮜ/]] [[../ᮝ/]] [[../ᮞ/]] [[../ᮠ/]] [[../ᮖ/]] [[../ᮋ/]] [[../ᮗ/]] [[../V/]] [[../W/]] [[../ᮟ/]] [[../ᮐ/]] [[../ᮮ/]] [[../ᮯ/]] —</div></includeonly> 13kgqcl66kj6k5rg0lh0dmitl45zo38 7240159 7240146 2026-07-05T13:04:11Z Deepturquoise 2613705 7240159 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="line-height: 1; text-align: center;"> <div style="font-size: 400%;">'''{{{1|ᮊ}}}''' ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ {{{2|'''ᮊ'''ᮓᮧᮀᮓᮧᮀ}}}</div> <div style="clear: both; margin: 2em;"> [[File:{{{gambar|Spondias_dulcis3.jpg}}}|center|{{{px|400}}}px]] </div> <div style="clear: both; font-size: x-large;"> — [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮊ|ᮊ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮌ|ᮌ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮍ|ᮍ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮎ|ᮎ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮏ|ᮏ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮑ|ᮑ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮒ|ᮒ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮓ|ᮓ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮔ|ᮔ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮕ|ᮕ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮘ|ᮘ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮙ|ᮙ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮚ|ᮚ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮛ|ᮛ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮜ|ᮜ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮝ|ᮝ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮞ|ᮞ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮠ|ᮠ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮖ|ᮖ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮋ|ᮋ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮗ|ᮗ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮟ|ᮟ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮐ|ᮐ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮮ|ᮮ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮯ|ᮯ]] — </div> </div> 36iawnwz0frexpsyhiggd0pr8zpw8h2 7240164 7240159 2026-07-05T13:11:13Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Deepturquoise moved page [[Template:Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena]] to [[Template:Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Ngalagena]] 7240159 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="line-height: 1; text-align: center;"> <div style="font-size: 400%;">'''{{{1|ᮊ}}}''' ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ {{{2|'''ᮊ'''ᮓᮧᮀᮓᮧᮀ}}}</div> <div style="clear: both; margin: 2em;"> [[File:{{{gambar|Spondias_dulcis3.jpg}}}|center|{{{px|400}}}px]] </div> <div style="clear: both; font-size: x-large;"> — [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮊ|ᮊ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮌ|ᮌ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮍ|ᮍ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮎ|ᮎ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮏ|ᮏ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮑ|ᮑ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮒ|ᮒ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮓ|ᮓ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮔ|ᮔ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮕ|ᮕ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮘ|ᮘ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮙ|ᮙ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮚ|ᮚ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮛ|ᮛ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮜ|ᮜ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮝ|ᮝ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮞ|ᮞ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮠ|ᮠ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮖ|ᮖ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮋ|ᮋ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮗ|ᮗ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮟ|ᮟ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮐ|ᮐ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮮ|ᮮ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮯ|ᮯ]] — </div> </div> 36iawnwz0frexpsyhiggd0pr8zpw8h2 7240172 7240164 2026-07-05T13:20:26Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Deepturquoise moved page [[Template:Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Ngalagena]] to [[Template:Wb/su/Ngalagena]] 7240159 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="line-height: 1; text-align: center;"> <div style="font-size: 400%;">'''{{{1|ᮊ}}}''' ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ {{{2|'''ᮊ'''ᮓᮧᮀᮓᮧᮀ}}}</div> <div style="clear: both; margin: 2em;"> [[File:{{{gambar|Spondias_dulcis3.jpg}}}|center|{{{px|400}}}px]] </div> <div style="clear: both; font-size: x-large;"> — [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮊ|ᮊ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮌ|ᮌ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮍ|ᮍ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮎ|ᮎ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮏ|ᮏ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮑ|ᮑ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮒ|ᮒ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮓ|ᮓ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮔ|ᮔ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮕ|ᮕ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮘ|ᮘ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮙ|ᮙ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮚ|ᮚ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮛ|ᮛ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮜ|ᮜ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮝ|ᮝ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮞ|ᮞ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮠ|ᮠ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮖ|ᮖ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮋ|ᮋ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮗ|ᮗ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮟ|ᮟ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮐ|ᮐ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮮ|ᮮ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮯ|ᮯ]] — </div> </div> 36iawnwz0frexpsyhiggd0pr8zpw8h2 7240195 7240172 2026-07-05T13:47:13Z Deepturquoise 2613705 7240195 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="line-height: 1; text-align: center;"> <div style="font-size: 400%;">'''{{{1|ᮊ}}}''' ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ {{{2|'''ᮊ'''ᮓᮧᮀᮓᮧᮀ}}}</div> <div style="clear: both; margin: 2em;"> [[File:{{{gambar|Spondias_dulcis3.jpg}}}|center|{{{px|400}}}px]]<br/><div style="font-size: 300%;">{{{3|(Kadongdong)}}}</div> </div> <div style="clear: both; font-size: x-large;"> — [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮊ|ᮊ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮌ|ᮌ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮍ|ᮍ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮎ|ᮎ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮏ|ᮏ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮑ|ᮑ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮒ|ᮒ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮓ|ᮓ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮔ|ᮔ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮕ|ᮕ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮘ|ᮘ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮙ|ᮙ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮚ|ᮚ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮛ|ᮛ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮜ|ᮜ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮝ|ᮝ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮞ|ᮞ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮠ|ᮠ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮖ|ᮖ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮋ|ᮋ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮗ|ᮗ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮟ|ᮟ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮐ|ᮐ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮮ|ᮮ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮯ|ᮯ]] — </div> </div> 4wnzz5e9f28k8s683gnhx55grtfmiah 7240234 7240195 2026-07-05T14:15:09Z Deepturquoise 2613705 7240234 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="line-height: 1; text-align: center;"> <div style="font-size: 400%;">'''{{{1|ᮊ}}}''' ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ {{{2|'''ᮊ'''ᮓᮧᮀᮓᮧᮀ}}}</div> <div style="clear: both; margin: 2em;"> [[File:{{{gambar|Spondias_dulcis3.jpg}}}|center|{{{px|400}}}px]]<br/><div style="font-size: 300%;">{{{3|(Kadongdong)}}}</div> </div> <div style="clear: both; font-size: x-large;"> — [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮊ|ᮊ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮌ|ᮌ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮍ|ᮍ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮎ|ᮎ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮏ|ᮏ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮑ|ᮑ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮒ|ᮒ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮓ|ᮓ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮔ|ᮔ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮕ|ᮕ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮘ|ᮘ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮙ|ᮙ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮚ|ᮚ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮛ|ᮛ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮜ|ᮜ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮝ|ᮝ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮞ|ᮞ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮠ|ᮠ]] ᮖ ᮋ ᮗ ᮟ ᮐ ᮮ ᮯ — </div> </div> t0pdzqee080mggc3gsq11t1f048w1ys 7240750 7240234 2026-07-06T08:21:33Z Deepturquoise 2613705 7240750 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="line-height: 1; text-align: center;"> <div style="font-size: 400%;">'''{{{1|ᮊ}}}''' ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ {{{2|'''ᮊ'''ᮓᮧᮀᮓᮧᮀ}}}</div> <div style="clear: both; margin: 2em;"> [[File:{{{gambar|Spondias_dulcis3.jpg}}}|center|{{{px|400}}}px]]<br/><div style="font-size: 300%;">{{{3|(Kadongdong)}}}</div> </div> <div style="clear: both; font-size: x-large;"> — [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮊ|ᮊ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮌ|ᮌ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮍ|ᮍ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮎ|ᮎ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮏ|ᮏ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮑ|ᮑ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮒ|ᮒ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮓ|ᮓ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮔ|ᮔ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮕ|ᮕ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮘ|ᮘ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮙ|ᮙ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮚ|ᮚ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮛ|ᮛ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮜ|ᮜ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮝ|ᮝ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮞ|ᮞ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮠ|ᮠ]] ᮖ ᮋ ᮗ ᮟ ᮐ ᮮ ᮯ — </div> </div> <noinclude>[[Category:Wb/su]]</noinclude> qphkjcn9tt0jj39k0fv3wj6cohjjvyk 0 3786080 7240122 2026-07-05T12:18:49Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Created page with "== {{Wt/jax/lang|id}} == {{Wt/jax/head|id}} {{Wt/jax/n|id}} # [[Wt/jax/Sundo|Sundo]] [[Category:Wt/jax]]" 7240122 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/jax/lang|id}} == {{Wt/jax/head|id}} {{Wt/jax/n|id}} # [[Wt/jax/Sundo|Sundo]] [[Category:Wt/jax]] tieuzz346wmgveczbnfvjsdoyig1wl5 14 3786081 7240131 2026-07-05T12:27:53Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Created page with "Kumpulan:Idangan" 7240131 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:Idangan 9yhj6bzr2fxzi14khvzye0nrp93832c 0 3786082 7240136 2026-07-05T12:30:20Z Deepturquoise 2613705 + 7240136 wikitext text/x-wiki Ieu buku mangrupakeun proyék dina Wikibarudak, pikeun murangkalih anu diajar kénéh aksara Sunda. Aturanana ieu buku dibacakeun ku kolot atawa guru ka murangkalih supados aranjeunna wawuh kana aksara Sunda. <div style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: xx-large;">'''Aksara Ngalagena'''</div> <center>[[File:Sunda Ka.png|200px]] [[File:Sunda Ga.png|200px]] [[File:Sunda Nga.png|200px]]</center> <noinclude><div style="font-size: x-large; text-align: center; margin: 0px auto 0px auto;">— [[../ᮊ/]] [[../ᮌ/]] [[../ᮍ/]] [[../ᮎ/]] [[../ᮏ/]] [[../ᮑ/]] [[../ᮒ/]] [[../ᮓ/]] [[../ᮔ/]] [[../ᮕ/]] [[../ᮘ/]] [[../ᮙ/]] [[../ᮚ/]] [[../ᮛ/]] [[../ᮜ/]] [[../ᮝ/]] [[../ᮞ/]] [[../ᮠ/]] [[../ᮖ/]] [[../ᮋ/]] [[../ᮗ/]] [[../V/]] [[../W/]] [[../ᮟ/]] [[../ᮐ/]] [[../ᮮ/]] [[../ᮯ/]] —<br/> </div> [[Category:Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena| ]] </noinclude> [[Category:Wb/su]] p5bkuwz4vqomwwv1ed4absbpq0y4mey 7240179 7240136 2026-07-05T13:28:08Z Deepturquoise 2613705 7240179 wikitext text/x-wiki Ieu buku mangrupakeun proyék dina Wikibarudak, pikeun murangkalih anu diajar kénéh aksara Sunda. Aturanana ieu buku dibacakeun ku kolot atawa guru ka murangkalih supados aranjeunna wawuh kana aksara Sunda. <div style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: xx-large;">'''Aksara Ngalagena'''</div> <center>[[File:Sunda Ka.png|200px]] [[File:Sunda Ga.png|200px]] [[File:Sunda Nga.png|200px]]</center> <div style="clear: both; font-size: x-large;">— [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮊ|ᮊ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮌ|ᮌ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮍ|ᮍ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮎ|ᮎ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮏ|ᮏ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮑ|ᮑ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮒ|ᮒ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮓ|ᮓ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮔ|ᮔ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮕ|ᮕ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮘ|ᮘ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮙ|ᮙ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮚ|ᮚ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮛ|ᮛ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮜ|ᮜ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮝ|ᮝ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮞ|ᮞ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮠ|ᮠ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮖ|ᮖ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮋ|ᮋ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮗ|ᮗ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮟ|ᮟ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮐ|ᮐ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮮ|ᮮ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮯ|ᮯ]] — </div> [[Category:Wb/su]] h8y5iof1bn3bjupepo53rgg1lndo5rz 7240182 7240179 2026-07-05T13:31:19Z Deepturquoise 2613705 7240182 wikitext text/x-wiki Ieu buku mangrupakeun proyék dina Wikibarudak, pikeun murangkalih anu diajar kénéh aksara Sunda. Aturanana ieu buku dibacakeun ku kolot atawa guru ka murangkalih supados aranjeunna wawuh kana aksara Sunda. <div style="width: 100%; text-align: center; font-size: xx-large;">'''Aksara Ngalagena'''</div> <center>[[File:Sunda Ka.png|200px]] [[File:Sunda Ga.png|200px]] [[File:Sunda Nga.png|200px]]</center> <div style="clear: both; font-size: x-large;">— [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮊ|ᮊ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮌ|ᮌ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮍ|ᮍ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮎ|ᮎ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮏ|ᮏ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮑ|ᮑ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮒ|ᮒ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮓ|ᮓ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮔ|ᮔ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮕ|ᮕ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮘ|ᮘ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮙ|ᮙ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮚ|ᮚ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮛ|ᮛ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮜ|ᮜ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮝ|ᮝ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮞ|ᮞ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮠ|ᮠ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮖ|ᮖ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮋ|ᮋ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮗ|ᮗ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮟ|ᮟ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮐ|ᮐ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮮ|ᮮ]] [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮯ|ᮯ]] — </div> [[Category:Wb/su]] qfppnhs9jg556xqqb3xjv104z0fsdpk 0 3786083 7240139 2026-07-05T12:30:58Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Muhamad Izzul Fiqih moved page [[Wp/jax/Es Brenebon]] to [[Wp/jax/Es brenebon]]: Namo jenis, jadi dak perlu hurup besak 7240139 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/jax/Es brenebon]] 21goi7nssm1cdc3g5wrom0ey312prcm 0 3786084 7240142 2026-07-05T12:32:16Z Deepturquoise 2613705 + 7240142 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''ᮊ''' ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ '''ᮊ'''ᮓᮧᮀᮓᮧᮀ</div> [[File:Spondias_dulcis3.jpg|400px|center]] <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">(Kadongdong)</div> {{Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena}} [[Category:Wb/su]] p24rmttyt3q05lrb2eehu3l9i0alwye 7240160 7240142 2026-07-05T13:05:00Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Deepturquoise moved page [[Wb/su/ᮊ]] to [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮊ]] 7240142 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''ᮊ''' ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ '''ᮊ'''ᮓᮧᮀᮓᮧᮀ</div> [[File:Spondias_dulcis3.jpg|400px|center]] <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">(Kadongdong)</div> {{Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena}} [[Category:Wb/su]] p24rmttyt3q05lrb2eehu3l9i0alwye 7240168 7240160 2026-07-05T13:13:40Z Deepturquoise 2613705 7240168 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">'''ᮊ''' ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ '''ᮊ'''ᮓᮧᮀᮓᮧᮀ</div> [[File:Spondias_dulcis3.jpg|400px|center]] <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">(Kadongdong)</div> {{Wikibarudak:Ngalagena}} [[Category:Wb/su]] lt5tqekivmiwilnp7nqumpowjr4ckjp 7240186 7240168 2026-07-05T13:37:42Z Deepturquoise 2613705 7240186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮊ|'''ᮊ'''ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪|gambar=Spondias_dulcis3.jpg}} <div style="text-align: center; font-size: 400%;">(Kadongdong)</div> [[Category:Wb/su]] kvtu0ztxx9dioa5fpvbiu5kgnbx56h7 7240191 7240186 2026-07-05T13:44:05Z Deepturquoise 2613705 7240191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮊ|'''ᮊ'''ᮓᮧᮀᮓᮧᮀ|gambar=Spondias_dulcis3.jpg}} [[Category:Wb/su]] 5i6iyhze73l423nil2cuw8y7s79yw0r 7240196 7240191 2026-07-05T13:47:55Z Deepturquoise 2613705 7240196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮊ|'''ᮊ'''ᮓᮧᮀᮓᮧᮀ|gambar=Spondias_dulcis3.jpg|(Kadongdong)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] llral1h57fua6ip1u8pregeeu088por 14 3786085 7240145 2026-07-05T12:34:29Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Created page with "Kumpulan:Bahaso Sasak" 7240145 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:Bahaso Sasak b1cnvcaxz5zo4hm0jxditusbchawlkp 7240147 7240145 2026-07-05T12:35:14Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q32859935]] 7240147 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:Bahaso Sasak {{INTERWIKI|Q32859935}} khelj8t7tnzrgbwkwt8ij26so4a14u0 7240148 7240147 2026-07-05T12:35:35Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso di Indonesia]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240148 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:Bahaso Sasak {{INTERWIKI|Q32859935}} [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso di Indonesia]] pypo2xc96mc6d3sk4uovgy2jemkkl45 14 3786086 7240152 2026-07-05T12:37:31Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Created page with "Kumpulan:Bahaso Betawi" 7240152 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:Bahaso Betawi cljgre8u496xb2urmldm79tohk9zof7 7240153 7240152 2026-07-05T12:38:11Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240153 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:Bahaso Betawi [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso]] tovx5p5ps5daaibmz7suuprr6xfo8qt 7240154 7240153 2026-07-05T12:38:30Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso di Indonesia]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240154 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:Bahaso Betawi [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso]] [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso di Indonesia]] 8y2s35d5z9s27sjj2i4eag7hiodwogw 7240155 7240154 2026-07-05T12:38:46Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q31831204]] 7240155 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:Bahaso Betawi [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso]] [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso di Indonesia]] {{INTERWIKI|Q31831204}} 7j09ov9i6z4fc5dd2erm216qqdtgmv5 0 3786087 7240161 2026-07-05T13:05:00Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Deepturquoise moved page [[Wb/su/ᮊ]] to [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮊ]] 7240161 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena/ᮊ]] abyhzndnwzhet0tu4ncptarsl846s3q 0 3786088 7240162 2026-07-05T13:05:50Z Cefena J 2632258 Created page with "==Jaku Iban== ===Reti=== ====Jaku nama==== {{Wt/iba/head|iba|jaku nama}} #orang ke [[Wt/iba/bejaku|bejaku]] #: {{Wt/iba/ux|iba|Iya mih '''pejaku''' ke kami sebilik.}} ===Sebut=== * {{Wt/iba/hyph|iba| pe|ja|ku }} [[Category:Wt/iba]]" 7240162 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Jaku Iban== ===Reti=== ====Jaku nama==== {{Wt/iba/head|iba|jaku nama}} #orang ke [[Wt/iba/bejaku|bejaku]] #: {{Wt/iba/ux|iba|Iya mih '''pejaku''' ke kami sebilik.}} ===Sebut=== * {{Wt/iba/hyph|iba| pe|ja|ku }} [[Category:Wt/iba]] c1qpdnffpw4nzz2iu5tyr0i1tbgzmfn 0 3786089 7240163 2026-07-05T13:08:35Z AyamMadu 2679056 Created page with "==Jaku Iban== ===Reti=== ====Jaku pengawa==== {{Wt/iba/head|iba|jaku nama}} #gaya utai ti besedia deka nyepit #: {{Wt/iba/ux|iba|Ketam nya '''rangang''' ikan kena makai iya.}} ===Sebut=== * {{Wt/iba/hyph|iba|ra|ngang | }} [[Category:Wt/iba]]" 7240163 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Jaku Iban== ===Reti=== ====Jaku pengawa==== {{Wt/iba/head|iba|jaku nama}} #gaya utai ti besedia deka nyepit #: {{Wt/iba/ux|iba|Ketam nya '''rangang''' ikan kena makai iya.}} ===Sebut=== * {{Wt/iba/hyph|iba|ra|ngang | }} [[Category:Wt/iba]] 2a1rcqced83adaui5sdrvgpz7we60r7 10 3786090 7240165 2026-07-05T13:11:13Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Deepturquoise moved page [[Template:Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena]] to [[Template:Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Ngalagena]] 7240165 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Ngalagena]] 0ntfz88upcgljmls7bxatjgsi7lspne 0 3786091 7240170 2026-07-05T13:16:43Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹwəɴ/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # စက်ဆုပ်ဖွယ်ကောင်းရေ။ လိုလားခြင်းမဟိ ဖြစ်တေ။ # ထိကိုင် စားသုံးဖို့ပင် မဝံ့ဖြစ်တေ။ ===..." 7240170 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹwəɴ/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # စက်ဆုပ်ဖွယ်ကောင်းရေ။ လိုလားခြင်းမဟိ ဖြစ်တေ။ # ထိကိုင် စားသုံးဖို့ပင် မဝံ့ဖြစ်တေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # [[Wt/rki/loathsome|loathsome]], [[Wt/rki/disgusting|disgusting]], [[Wt/rki/repulsive|repulsive]], or revolting. # [[Wt/rki/unpalatable|unpalatable]] or sickening (to the extent that one dare not touch or consume it). === ဗမာ === # စက်ဆုပ်ဖွယ်ကောင်းသည်။ လိုလားခြင်းမရှိ ဖြစ်သည်။ # ထိကိုင် စားသုံးရန်ပင် မဝံ့နိုင်ဖြစ်သည်။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 6jfxa8w8axwp33g8qba2hp9d3qjq79i 10 3786092 7240173 2026-07-05T13:20:26Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Deepturquoise moved page [[Template:Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Ngalagena]] to [[Template:Wb/su/Ngalagena]] 7240173 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wb/su/Ngalagena]] 4xlb0e19szcw8csfcyceapap95u8zmb 828 3786093 7240175 2026-07-05T13:24:30Z Microko 2583897 Created page with "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Format link -- -- Makes a wikilink from the given link and display values. Links are escaped -- with colons if necessary, and links to sections are detected and displayed -- with " § " as a separator rather than the standard MediaWiki "#". Used in -- the {{format link}} template. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local libraryUtil = require(..." 7240175 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Format link -- -- Makes a wikilink from the given link and display values. Links are escaped -- with colons if necessary, and links to sections are detected and displayed -- with " § " as a separator rather than the standard MediaWiki "#". Used in -- the {{format link}} template. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeForNamedArg = libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg local mArguments -- lazily initialise [[Module:Arguments]] local mError -- lazily initialise [[Module:Error]] local yesno -- lazily initialise [[Module:Yesno]] local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function getArgs(frame) -- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and -- blanks are removed. mArguments = require('Module:Wp/rmq/Chibipenes') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end local function removeInitialColon(s) -- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end local function maybeItalicize(s, shouldItalicize) -- Italicize s if s is a string and the shouldItalicize parameter is true. if s and shouldItalicize then return '<i>' .. s .. '</i>' else return s end end local function parseLink(link) -- Parse a link and return a table with the link's components. -- These components are: -- - link: the link, stripped of any initial colon (always present) -- - page: the page name (always present) -- - section: the page name (may be nil) -- - display: the display text, if manually entered after a pipe (may be nil) link = removeInitialColon(link) -- Find whether a faux display value has been added with the {{!}} magic -- word. local prePipe, display = link:match('^(.-)|(.*)$') link = prePipe or link -- Find the page, if it exists. -- For links like [[#Bar]], the page will be nil. local preHash, postHash = link:match('^(.-)#(.*)$') local page if not preHash then -- We have a link like [[Foo]]. page = link elseif preHash ~= '' then -- We have a link like [[Foo#Bar]]. page = preHash end -- Find the section, if it exists. local section if postHash and postHash ~= '' then section = postHash end return { link = link, page = page, section = section, display = display, } end local function formatDisplay(parsed, options) -- Formats a display string based on a parsed link table (matching the -- output of parseLink) and an options table (matching the input options for -- _formatLink). local page = maybeItalicize(parsed.page, options.italicizePage) local section = maybeItalicize(parsed.section, options.italicizeSection) if (not section) then return page elseif (not page) then return mw.ustring.format('§&nbsp;%s', section) else return mw.ustring.format('%s §&nbsp;%s', page, section) end end local function missingArgError(target) mError = require('Module:Wp/rmq/Marfida') return mError.error{message = 'Error: no link or target specified! ([[' .. target .. '#Errors|help]])' } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Main functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.formatLink(frame) -- The formatLink export function, for use in templates. yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local args = getArgs(frame) local link = args[1] or args.link local target = args[3] or args.target if not (link or target) then return missingArgError('Template:Wp/rmq/Formato ye enlace') end return p._formatLink{ link = link, display = args[2] or args.display, target = target, italicizePage = yesno(args.italicizepage), italicizeSection = yesno(args.italicizesection), categorizeMissing = args.categorizemissing } end function p._formatLink(options) -- The formatLink export function, for use in modules. checkType('_formatLink', 1, options, 'table') local function check(key, expectedType) --for brevity checkTypeForNamedArg( '_formatLink', key, options[key], expectedType or 'string', true ) end check('link') check('display') check('target') check('italicizePage', 'boolean') check('italicizeSection', 'boolean') check('categorizeMissing') -- Normalize link and target and check that at least one is present if options.link == '' then options.link = nil end if options.target == '' then options.target = nil end if not (options.link or options.target) then return missingArgError('Module:Format link') end local parsed = parseLink(options.link) local display = options.display or parsed.display local catMissing = options.categorizeMissing local category = '' -- Find the display text if not display then display = formatDisplay(parsed, options) end -- Handle the target option if present if options.target then local parsedTarget = parseLink(options.target) parsed.link = parsedTarget.link parsed.page = parsedTarget.page end -- Test if page exists if a diagnostic category is specified if catMissing and (mw.ustring.len(catMissing) > 0) then local title = nil if parsed.page then title = mw.title.new(parsed.page) end if title and (not title.isExternal) then local success, exists = pcall(function() return title.exists end) if success and not exists then category = mw.ustring.format('[[Category:%s]]', catMissing) end end end -- Format the result as a link if parsed.link == display then return mw.ustring.format('[[:%s]]%s', parsed.link, category) else return mw.ustring.format('[[:%s|%s]]%s', parsed.link, display, category) end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Derived convenience functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.formatPages(options, pages) -- Formats an array of pages using formatLink and the given options table, -- and returns it as an array. Nil values are not allowed. local ret = {} for i, page in ipairs(pages) do ret[i] = p._formatLink{ link = page, categorizeMissing = options.categorizeMissing, italicizePage = options.italicizePage, italicizeSection = options.italicizeSection } end return ret end return p mp3r16pmw5vrpn2nn4jxigut3kc92k5 828 3786094 7240176 2026-07-05T13:24:58Z Microko 2583897 Created page with "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Hatnote list -- -- -- -- This module produces and formats lists for use in hatnotes. In particular, -- -- it implements the for-see list, i.e. lists of "For X, see Y" statements, -- -- as used in {{about}}, {{redirect}}, and their variants. Also introd..." 7240176 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Hatnote list -- -- -- -- This module produces and formats lists for use in hatnotes. In particular, -- -- it implements the for-see list, i.e. lists of "For X, see Y" statements, -- -- as used in {{about}}, {{redirect}}, and their variants. Also introduced -- -- are andList & orList helpers for formatting lists with those conjunctions. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local mArguments --initialize lazily local mFormatLink = require('Module:Wp/rmq/Formato ye enlace') local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- List stringification helper functions -- -- These functions are used for stringifying lists, usually page lists inside -- the "Y" portion of "For X, see Y" for-see items. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --default options table used across the list stringification functions local stringifyListDefaultOptions = { conjunction = "and", separator = ",", altSeparator = ";", space = " ", formatted = false } --Searches display text only local function searchDisp(haystack, needle) return string.find( string.sub(haystack, (string.find(haystack, '|') or 0) + 1), needle ) end -- Stringifies a list generically; probably shouldn't be used directly local function stringifyList(list, options) -- Type-checks, defaults, and a shortcut checkType("stringifyList", 1, list, "table") if #list == 0 then return nil end checkType("stringifyList", 2, options, "table", true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(stringifyListDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end local s = options.space -- Format the list if requested if options.formatted then list = mFormatLink.formatPages( {categorizeMissing = mHatnote.missingTargetCat}, list ) end -- Set the separator; if any item contains it, use the alternate separator local separator = options.separator for k, v in pairs(list) do if searchDisp(v, separator) then separator = options.altSeparator break end end -- Set the conjunction, apply Oxford comma, and force a comma if #1 has "§" local conjunction = s .. options.conjunction .. s if #list == 2 and searchDisp(list[1], "§") or #list > 2 then conjunction = separator .. conjunction end -- Return the formatted string return mw.text.listToText(list, separator .. s, conjunction) end --DRY function function p.conjList (conj, list, fmt) return stringifyList(list, {conjunction = conj, formatted = fmt}) end -- Stringifies lists with "and" or "or" function p.andList (...) return p.conjList("and", ...) end function p.orList (...) return p.conjList("or", ...) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- For see -- -- Makes a "For X, see [[Y]]." list from raw parameters. Intended for the -- {{about}} and {{redirect}} templates and their variants. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --default options table used across the forSee family of functions local forSeeDefaultOptions = { andKeyword = 'and', title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, otherText = 'other uses', forSeeForm = 'For %s, see %s.', } --Collapses duplicate punctuation at end of string, ignoring italics and links local function punctuationCollapse (text) return text:match("[.?!]('?)%1(%]?)%2%.$") and text:sub(1, -2) or text end -- Structures arguments into a table for stringification, & options function p.forSeeArgsToTable (args, from, options) -- Type-checks and defaults checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 1, args, 'table') checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 2, from, 'number', true) from = from or 1 checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 3, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(forSeeDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- maxArg's gotten manually because getArgs() and table.maxn aren't friends local maxArg = 0 for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' and k > maxArg then maxArg = k end end -- Structure the data out from the parameter list: -- * forTable is the wrapper table, with forRow rows -- * Rows are tables of a "use" string & a "pages" table of pagename strings -- * Blanks are left empty for defaulting elsewhere, but can terminate list local forTable = {} local i = from local terminated = false -- If there is extra text, and no arguments are given, give nil value -- to not produce default of "For other uses, see foo (disambiguation)" if options.extratext and i > maxArg then return nil end -- Loop to generate rows repeat -- New empty row local forRow = {} -- On blank use, assume list's ended & break at end of this loop forRow.use = args[i] if not args[i] then terminated = true end -- New empty list of pages forRow.pages = {} -- Insert first pages item if present table.insert(forRow.pages, args[i + 1]) -- If the param after next is "and", do inner loop to collect params -- until the "and"'s stop. Blanks are ignored: "1|and||and|3" → {1, 3} while args[i + 2] == options.andKeyword do if args[i + 3] then table.insert(forRow.pages, args[i + 3]) end -- Increment to next "and" i = i + 2 end -- Increment to next use i = i + 2 -- Append the row table.insert(forTable, forRow) until terminated or i > maxArg return forTable end -- Stringifies a table as formatted by forSeeArgsToTable function p.forSeeTableToString (forSeeTable, options) -- Type-checks and defaults checkType("forSeeTableToString", 1, forSeeTable, "table", true) checkType("forSeeTableToString", 2, options, "table", true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(forSeeDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- Stringify each for-see item into a list local strList = {} if forSeeTable then for k, v in pairs(forSeeTable) do local useStr = v.use or options.otherText local pagesStr = p.andList(v.pages, true) or mFormatLink._formatLink{ categorizeMissing = mHatnote.missingTargetCat, link = mHatnote.disambiguate(options.title) } local forSeeStr = string.format(options.forSeeForm, useStr, pagesStr) forSeeStr = punctuationCollapse(forSeeStr) table.insert(strList, forSeeStr) end end if options.extratext then table.insert(strList, punctuationCollapse(options.extratext..'.')) end -- Return the concatenated list return table.concat(strList, ' ') end -- Produces a "For X, see [[Y]]" string from arguments. Expects index gaps -- but not blank/whitespace values. Ignores named args and args < "from". function p._forSee (args, from, options) local forSeeTable = p.forSeeArgsToTable(args, from, options) return p.forSeeTableToString(forSeeTable, options) end -- As _forSee, but uses the frame. function p.forSee (frame, from, options) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return p._forSee(mArguments.getArgs(frame), from, options) end return p 5kzskllog1enjzidu7kfodo0b2gfzkl 828 3786095 7240177 2026-07-05T13:25:29Z Microko 2583897 Created page with "local mHatnote = require('Module:Wp/rmq/Aviso ye sheró') local mHatlist = require('Module:Wp/rmq/Lista ye aviso ye sheró') local mArguments --initialize lazily local mTableTools --initialize lazily local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local p = {} -- Produces standard {{other uses}} implementation function p.otheruses(frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local args =..." 7240177 Scribunto text/plain local mHatnote = require('Module:Wp/rmq/Aviso ye sheró') local mHatlist = require('Module:Wp/rmq/Lista ye aviso ye sheró') local mArguments --initialize lazily local mTableTools --initialize lazily local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local p = {} -- Produces standard {{other uses}} implementation function p.otheruses(frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local args = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(mArguments.getArgs(frame)) local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText return p._otheruses(args, {title=title}) end --Implements "other [x]" templates with otherText supplied at invocation function p.otherX(frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local x = frame.args[1] local args = mTableTools.compressSparseArray( mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) ) local options = { title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText, otherText = x } return p._otheruses(args, options) end -- Main generator function p._otheruses(args, options) --Type-checks and defaults checkType('_otheruses', 1, args, 'table', true) args = args or {} checkType('_otheruses', 2, options, 'table') if not (options.defaultPage or options.title) then error('No default title data provided in "_otheruses" options table', 2) end local emptyArgs = true for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then emptyArgs = false break end end if emptyArgs then args = { options.defaultPage or mHatnote.disambiguate(options.title, options.disambiguator) } end --Generate and return hatnote local text = mHatlist.forSeeTableToString({{ use = options.otherText and "other " .. options.otherText or nil, pages = args }}) return mHatnote._hatnote(text) end return p s75jnvf2zmkr5wtwgq7ouv2vg4bnn6x 0 3786096 7240178 2026-07-05T13:26:12Z Microko 2583897 Created page with "{{Wp/rmq/Penipén chinorrí|Ciudad autónoma gachicaní on noroeste ye África}} {{Wp/rmq/Aver usos|Melilla (desambiguación)}} THIS PAGE IS STILL UNDER CONSTRUCTION. [[Category:Wp/rmq]]" 7240178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/rmq/Penipén chinorrí|Ciudad autónoma gachicaní on noroeste ye África}} {{Wp/rmq/Aver usos|Melilla (desambiguación)}} THIS PAGE IS STILL UNDER CONSTRUCTION. [[Category:Wp/rmq]] 7elsvoiy49uv8i8mj5rb564jsf9zib7 14 3786097 7240180 2026-07-05T13:28:08Z Microko 2583897 Created page with "[[Wp/rmq]]" 7240180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/rmq]] gl5pn33bd9u9f5bsbzm6909ab58h47t 0 3786098 7240200 2026-07-05T13:49:36Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံကောင်းခမန်း === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹwəɴkáʊɴkʰmáɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ရွံဖွယ်ကောင်းရေ အရာ။ မသတီစရာ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # A [[Wt/rki/loathsome|loathsome]], [[Wt/rki/disgusting|disgusting]], or abominable thing; something repuls..." 7240200 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံကောင်းခမန်း === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹwəɴkáʊɴkʰmáɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ရွံဖွယ်ကောင်းရေ အရာ။ မသတီစရာ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # A [[Wt/rki/loathsome|loathsome]], [[Wt/rki/disgusting|disgusting]], or abominable thing; something repulsive or sickening. === ဗမာ === # ရွံဖွယ်ကောင်းသော အရာ။ မသတီစရာ။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] imacqbyceletv4b8iwa7kb3clpobj67 0 3786099 7240202 2026-07-05T13:51:12Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮌ|'''ᮌ'''ᮔᮞ᮪|gambar=Ananas_comosus_005.JPG|(Ganas)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮌ|'''ᮌ'''ᮔᮞ᮪|gambar=Ananas_comosus_005.JPG|(Ganas)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] qgez82mk704hi04hmrz2knqsaioe9gq 0 3786100 7240203 2026-07-05T13:51:15Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံကောင်းထမန်း === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹwəɴkáʊɴtʰmáɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ရွံဖွယ်ကောင်းရေ အရာ။ မသတီစရာ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # A [[Wt/rki/loathsome|loathsome]], [[Wt/rki/disgusting|disgusting]], or abominable thing; something repuls..." 7240203 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံကောင်းထမန်း === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹwəɴkáʊɴtʰmáɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ရွံဖွယ်ကောင်းရေ အရာ။ မသတီစရာ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # A [[Wt/rki/loathsome|loathsome]], [[Wt/rki/disgusting|disgusting]], or abominable thing; something repulsive or sickening. === ဗမာ === # ရွံဖွယ်ကောင်းသော အရာ။ မသတီစရာ။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 6slkso9lqxf51pf4n9c52hplzpe6l3q 0 3786101 7240204 2026-07-05T13:53:21Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮎ|'''ᮎᮀ'''ᮊᮥᮓᮥ|gambar=Morinda_citrifolia,_Fruit.jpg|(Cangkudu)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮎ|'''ᮎᮀ'''ᮊᮥᮓᮥ|gambar=Morinda_citrifolia,_Fruit.jpg|(Cangkudu)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] 8w7e8m5hu9cb8evctpzqcey8mfu0lfx 0 3786102 7240205 2026-07-05T13:54:36Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံစရာ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹwəɴsɹà/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ရွံဖွယ်ကောင်းရေ အရာ။ မသတီစရာ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # A [[Wt/rki/loathsome|loathsome]], [[Wt/rki/disgusting|disgusting]], or abominable thing; something repulsive or sickening. === ဗမာ =..." 7240205 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံစရာ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹwəɴsɹà/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ရွံဖွယ်ကောင်းရေ အရာ။ မသတီစရာ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # A [[Wt/rki/loathsome|loathsome]], [[Wt/rki/disgusting|disgusting]], or abominable thing; something repulsive or sickening. === ဗမာ === # ရွံဖွယ်ကောင်းသော အရာ။ မသတီစရာ။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] kcrjho7y2ocwpk2yjdei82ud811euoi 0 3786103 7240206 2026-07-05T13:54:59Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮏ|'''ᮏ'''ᮌᮧᮀ|gambar=GEM_corn.jpg|(Jagong)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮏ|'''ᮏ'''ᮌᮧᮀ|gambar=GEM_corn.jpg|(Jagong)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] krncqx9qlo0juav77j73l9bqqi3n8gy 0 3786104 7240211 2026-07-05T13:57:47Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮒ|'''ᮒᮀ'''ᮊᮤᮜ᮪|gambar=Melinjo_(Gnetum_gnemon)_(6863727669).jpg|(Tangkil)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮒ|'''ᮒᮀ'''ᮊᮤᮜ᮪|gambar=Melinjo_(Gnetum_gnemon)_(6863727669).jpg|(Tangkil)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] krkcwm0d26tx1upk2aqvjgus7v4aj74 0 3786105 7240212 2026-07-05T13:59:30Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮓ|'''ᮓ'''ᮝᮨᮌᮔ᮪|gambar=Pura_Luhur_Tamba_Waras,_Tabanan-9611_09.jpg|(Dawegan)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮓ|'''ᮓ'''ᮝᮨᮌᮔ᮪|gambar=Pura_Luhur_Tamba_Waras,_Tabanan-9611_09.jpg|(Dawegan)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] alhysiqg7ax3uwlmqzcp61ssly9z5th 0 3786106 7240213 2026-07-05T14:01:14Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮔ|'''ᮔᮀ'''ᮊ ᮝᮜᮔ᮪ᮓ|gambar=Soursop,_Annona_muricata.jpg|(Nangka Walanda)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮔ|'''ᮔᮀ'''ᮊ ᮝᮜᮔ᮪ᮓ|gambar=Soursop,_Annona_muricata.jpg|(Nangka Walanda)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] 90ngthufodpo76malwtioo8r2ai8i2q 0 3786107 7240218 2026-07-05T14:03:34Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮕ|'''ᮕ'''ᮛᮦ|gambar=Oryza_sativa_Ear_rice_Stugaru_roman_rice_IMG_3971.jpg|(Paré)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮕ|'''ᮕ'''ᮛᮦ|gambar=Oryza_sativa_Ear_rice_Stugaru_roman_rice_IMG_3971.jpg|(Paré)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] 1g2h2hehbiz0nhag1w52fn8exq3quc6 14 3786108 7240219 2026-07-05T14:04:02Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Created page with "[[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် ဘာသာစကား]]" 7240219 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် ဘာသာစကား]] tw1r8qe2penpk6phrw49wvocol8wti5 7240728 7240219 2026-07-06T07:59:36Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q140446965]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240728 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် ဘာသာစကား]] {{INTERWIKI|Q140446965}} o7rppofg8dhiz8vo1vse0qv13swszmj 0 3786109 7240220 2026-07-05T14:05:05Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮘ|'''ᮘ'''ᮜᮤᮀᮘᮤᮀ|gambar=Carambola_Starfruit.jpg|(Balingbing)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮘ|'''ᮘ'''ᮜᮤᮀᮘᮤᮀ|gambar=Carambola_Starfruit.jpg|(Balingbing)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] a3ez5nqwl30y5w0y82ngwg7vxvkbu2z 14 3786110 7240221 2026-07-05T14:05:31Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Created page with "[[Category:Wt/rki/မြန်မာ စာလုံးနီရာ]]" 7240221 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/မြန်မာ စာလုံးနီရာ]] ibp7lad4d2qr8u93h2pacoyivpm22og 7240223 7240221 2026-07-05T14:06:25Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 7240223 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/ဘာသာစကားတိ အားနုန်း]] jj322kk76xqhp9gssp860dx6tl0v49r 7240700 7240223 2026-07-06T07:38:24Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q8329278]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240700 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/ဘာသာစကားတိ အားနုန်း]] {{INTERWIKI|Q8329278}} o32zy8m8rw0zgbp8p4m1tvxjbivtqd7 14 3786111 7240222 2026-07-05T14:05:42Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Created page with "[[Category:Wt/rki/မြန်မာ ဘာသာစကား]]" 7240222 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/မြန်မာ ဘာသာစကား]] sypsvbchjwygj4vnx59qestsr1ppwh1 7240701 7240222 2026-07-06T07:39:33Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q31436695]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240701 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/မြန်မာ ဘာသာစကား]] {{INTERWIKI|Q31436695}} oj73lp7ez1latdmjateykzp7n6z21yh 0 3786112 7240224 2026-07-05T14:06:57Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮙ|'''ᮙᮀ'''ᮌᮥ|gambar=Mangosteens_-_whole_and_opened.jpg|(Manggu)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮙ|'''ᮙᮀ'''ᮌᮥ|gambar=Mangosteens_-_whole_and_opened.jpg|(Manggu)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] 5m1l7939n70pt7lc1b1ikl9ytwboy0d 0 3786113 7240226 2026-07-05T14:08:53Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮛ|'''ᮛ'''ᮙ᮪ᮘᮥᮒᮔ᮪|gambar=Nephelium_lappaceum201907mx.jpg|(Rambutan)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮛ|'''ᮛ'''ᮙ᮪ᮘᮥᮒᮔ᮪|gambar=Nephelium_lappaceum201907mx.jpg|(Rambutan)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] bdvyzp8m305bmn9pttymvjfhnpreqej 0 3786114 7240227 2026-07-05T14:10:02Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮜ|'''ᮜ'''ᮏ|gambar=YosriLengkuas1.jpg|(Laja)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮜ|'''ᮜ'''ᮏ|gambar=YosriLengkuas1.jpg|(Laja)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] 8lqenj78kmhtf0bxmjnnh3zsbvi4p9r 0 3786115 7240229 2026-07-05T14:11:22Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮝ|'''ᮝ'''ᮜᮥᮂ|gambar=Chayote_from_Kattappana,_Kerala.jpg|(Waluh)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮝ|'''ᮝ'''ᮜᮥᮂ|gambar=Chayote_from_Kattappana,_Kerala.jpg|(Waluh)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] fa68lhgcqekagtj87x78ug8vgi2xcwp 0 3786116 7240231 2026-07-05T14:12:36Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮞ|'''ᮞ'''ᮛᮤᮊᮚ|gambar=SugarappleFL.jpg|(Sarikaya)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮞ|'''ᮞ'''ᮛᮤᮊᮚ|gambar=SugarappleFL.jpg|(Sarikaya)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] smyvte04dmlu0z668w7i2kwo81dd6nu 0 3786117 7240232 2026-07-05T14:13:38Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "{{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮠ|'''ᮠ'''ᮔ᮪ᮏᮥᮃᮀ|gambar=Tiberries.jpg|(Hanjuang)}} [[Category:Wb/su]]" 7240232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wb/su/Ngalagena|ᮠ|'''ᮠ'''ᮔ᮪ᮏᮥᮃᮀ|gambar=Tiberries.jpg|(Hanjuang)}} [[Category:Wb/su]] p0tngyn2enj5y7sxpn7bqyylncz0n8y 0 3786118 7240233 2026-07-05T14:14:52Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံကောင်းဖနန်း === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹwəɴkáʊɴpʰnáɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # မသတီစရာ။ ထိကိုင်စားသုံးရန် မနှစ်မြို့ဖွယ်။ # တပ်မက်မှု ကင်းခြင်း။ စက်ဆုပ်ခြင်း။ ဖ..." 7240233 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံကောင်းဖနန်း === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹwəɴkáʊɴpʰnáɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # မသတီစရာ။ ထိကိုင်စားသုံးရန် မနှစ်မြို့ဖွယ်။ # တပ်မက်မှု ကင်းခြင်း။ စက်ဆုပ်ခြင်း။ ဖယ်ကြဉ်စွန့်ခွာလိုမှု။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # A [[Wt/rki/disgusting|disgusting]] or unpalatable thing; something repulsive to touch or consume. # [[Wt/rki/disgust|disgust]], [[Wt/rki/abhorrence|abhorrence]], or loathing; the desire to reject, avoid, or turn away from something due to revulsion. === ဗမာ === # မသတီစရာ။ ထိကိုင်စားသုံးရန် မနှစ်မြို့ဖွယ်။ # တပ်မက်မှု ကင်းခြင်း။ စက်ဆုပ်ခြင်း။ ဖယ်ကြဉ်စွန့်ခွာလိုမှု။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] ouirdqputov9fwm3jn0hu2y5jn616eu 0 3786119 7240236 2026-07-05T14:15:33Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 Created page with "Patsho Town ==Ālívá== ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== [[Category:Wp/kix]]" 7240236 wikitext text/x-wiki Patsho Town ==Ālívá== ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== [[Category:Wp/kix]] pknrdpe53vbjkz8i82jugosm463jxmw 7240238 7240236 2026-07-05T14:18:27Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Hòikàm */ 7240238 wikitext text/x-wiki Patsho Town ==Ālívá== ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== ==Tûathìh== ==Ānyî-àmūa== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 35f5p3mmiem974sc6sxngvhrh3bmzt5 7240243 7240238 2026-07-05T14:20:56Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Ānyî-àmūa */ 7240243 wikitext text/x-wiki Patsho Town ==Ālívá== ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== ==Tûathìh== ==Ānyî-àmūa== ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] i3pxu7fhva0je6ugea7cen4hakyq26e 7240246 7240243 2026-07-05T14:25:13Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* */ 7240246 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== ==Tûathìh== ==Ānyî-àmūa== ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 0fj3o9oqnc2gclbgjl2r86t6a92ongm 7240251 7240246 2026-07-05T14:35:43Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Ālívá */ 7240251 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü nōk āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== ==Tûathìh== ==Ānyî-àmūa== ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] j4xbdnzkzvii34j44el33ttd13x1rtw 7240255 7240251 2026-07-05T14:38:45Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 7240255 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü nōk āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. ==Tûathìh== ==Ānyî-àmūa== ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 3emudulg6satv397tn58rjlfzqt2vye 7240257 7240255 2026-07-05T14:41:46Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Hòikàm */ 7240257 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü nōk āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== ==Ānyî-àmūa== ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] dgqcn7s94n8615hsoaaumbr6fhuauxm 7240327 7240257 2026-07-05T16:06:18Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 7240327 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü nōk āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē 2. Āum hāi āchìm mīeshēu. Jetie nói nyē 3. Tsūihàng pāpūo nü mīepòng. K. Thungo nói nyē. Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] hdfrenepsc7116zr2nteo81gmc8q8uv 7240333 7240327 2026-07-05T16:12:09Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Ānyî-àmūa */ 7240333 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü nōk āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē 2. Āum hāi āchìm mīeshēu. Jetie nói nyē 3. Tsūihàng pāpūo nü mīepòng. K. Thungo nói nyē. Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] c7vi7hecg27htbmii2ryst03s5xorbv 7240343 7240333 2026-07-05T16:16:23Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Ānyî-àmūa */ 7240343 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü nōk āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē 2. Āum hāi āchìm mīeshēu. Jetie nói nyē 3. Tsūihàng pāpūo nü mīepòng. K. Thungo nói nyē. Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 5axaiorpjyurlilfhtahsxej2t9l81p 7240349 7240343 2026-07-05T16:20:51Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Tûathìh */ 7240349 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü nōk āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē 2. Āum hāi āchìm mīeshēu. Jetie nói nyē 3. Tsūihàng pāpūo nü mīepòng. K. Thungo nói nyē. Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] b3f5tewn7p1p00zcm6ig3cii6525qki 7240355 7240349 2026-07-05T16:24:16Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 7240355 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü nōk āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie # Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 99btuwdh20sgl2vqiukpys23djrqy3c 7240357 7240355 2026-07-05T16:26:25Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Tûathìh */ 7240357 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü nōk āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. ==Pàusǜpòu== ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] a69vb4rno26v0xi10zpwcxhye8to9w5 7240360 7240357 2026-07-05T16:38:17Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Pàusǜpòu */ 7240360 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü nōk āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi língpūo língnyu kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu tsūihāng # Pàusüpòu tsíngtsêu. # Pàusüpòu níesüyîe # Pàusüpòu jàmlüh péilüh # Pàusüpòu shài. # Pàusüpòu tshíesükhīam # Pàusüpòu # # # ==Hòik àm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu n. nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 7xv7vpmdoi19qfmug5nj79i83mtt6lq 7240362 7240360 2026-07-05T16:39:34Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Pàusǜpòu */ 7240362 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü nōk āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi língpūo língnyu kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu tsūihāng # Pàusüpòu tsíngtsêu. # Pàusüpòu níesüyîe # Pàusüpòu jàmlüh péilüh # Pàusüpòu shài. # Pàusüpòu tshíesükhīam # Pàusüpòu tsémsünyíh. ==Hòik àm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu n. nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] h0aequ32439od732ue0m8z5vjec3iy2 7240363 7240362 2026-07-05T16:40:03Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Hòik àm */ 7240363 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü nōk āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi língpūo língnyu kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu tsūihāng # Pàusüpòu tsíngtsêu. # Pàusüpòu níesüyîe # Pàusüpòu jàmlüh péilüh # Pàusüpòu shài. # Pàusüpòu tshíesükhīam # Pàusüpòu tsémsünyíh. ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu n. nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] abe0usrt5zelrlspo53d2ug6f87i35p 7240364 7240363 2026-07-05T16:44:46Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Ālívá */ 7240364 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü ākhèu tsāk nói nōk nühé āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. Pātshò: Nōk Town: Nōk shóng tsāk nühé ākhèu tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi língpūo língnyu kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu tsūihāng # Pàusüpòu tsíngtsêu. # Pàusüpòu níesüyîe # Pàusüpòu jàmlüh péilüh # Pàusüpòu shài. # Pàusüpòu tshíesükhīam # Pàusüpòu tsémsünyíh. ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu n. nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 26na043679cvyvwglox5pl035jh5t33 7240365 7240364 2026-07-05T16:54:49Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Nyūthíe */ 7240365 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü ākhèu tsāk nói nōk nühé āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. Pātshò: Nōk Town: Nōk shóng tsāk nühé ākhèu tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi língpūo língnyu kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu tsūihāng # Pàusüpòu tsíngtsêu. # Pàusüpòu níesüyîe # Pàusüpòu jàmlüh péilüh # Pàusüpòu shài. # Pàusüpòu tshíesükhīam # Pàusüpòu tsémsünyíh. ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu n. nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town khèunyōh hōi āpém ==Āthāp nü ā-ók kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü ālumshá tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü āvîshā tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói nyē, lōuhnyìh kíkí ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu nyīelüm kíuhkü ānói kó.lūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 0vxf29wgxaejveioinmrnyxyybu9ywy 7240366 7240365 2026-07-05T16:57:16Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 7240366 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü ākhèu tsāk nói nōk nühé āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. Pātshò: Nōk Town: Nōk shóng tsāk nühé ākhèu tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi língpūo língnyu kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu tsūihāng # Pàusüpòu tsíngtsêu. # Pàusüpòu níesüyîe # Pàusüpòu jàmlüh péilüh # Pàusüpòu shài. # Pàusüpòu tshíesükhīam # Pàusüpòu tsémsünyíh. ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu n. nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town khèunyōh hōi āpém nü ā-ók kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü ālumshá tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü āvîshā tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói nyē, lōuhnyìh kíkí ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu nyīelüm kíuhkü ānói kó. [[Category:Wp/kix]] ilse1alucrf420ug7ifhez2oefv2sns 7240367 7240366 2026-07-05T16:58:02Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Nyūthíe */ 7240367 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü ākhèu tsāk nói nōk nühé āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. Pātshò: Nōk Town: Nōk shóng tsāk nühé ākhèu tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi língpūo língnyu kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu tsūihāng # Pàusüpòu tsíngtsêu. # Pàusüpòu níesüyîe # Pàusüpòu jàmlüh péilüh # Pàusüpòu shài. # Pàusüpòu tshíesükhīam # Pàusüpòu tsémsünyíh. ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu n. nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town khèunyōh hōi āpém nü ā-ók kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü ālumshá tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü āvîshā tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói nyē, lōuhnyìh kíkí ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu nyīelüm kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 3tx7450ck8zk0a9w7kvga0jbxzr1yxw 7240369 7240367 2026-07-05T17:04:51Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* */ 7240369 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. </ref>Patsho is one of the largest and most important villages in the [[Wp/kix/Noklak district|district]].<ref name="C2011"> ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü ākhèu tsāk nói nōk nühé āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. Pātshò: Nōk Town: Nōk shóng tsāk nühé ākhèu tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi língpūo língnyu kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu tsūihāng # Pàusüpòu tsíngtsêu. # Pàusüpòu níesüyîe # Pàusüpòu jàmlüh péilüh # Pàusüpòu shài. # Pàusüpòu tshíesükhīam # Pàusüpòu tsémsünyíh. ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu n. nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town khèunyōh hōi āpém nü ā-ók kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü ālumshá tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü āvîshā tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói nyē, lōuhnyìh kíkí ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu nyīelüm kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 2ccuip9gpkr7gt05121y6tv11jax1l9 7240370 7240369 2026-07-05T17:06:22Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* */ 7240370 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü ākhèu tsāk nói nōk nühé āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. Pātshò: Nōk Town: Nōk shóng tsāk nühé ākhèu tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi língpūo língnyu kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu tsūihāng # Pàusüpòu tsíngtsêu. # Pàusüpòu níesüyîe # Pàusüpòu jàmlüh péilüh # Pàusüpòu shài. # Pàusüpòu tshíesükhīam # Pàusüpòu tsémsünyíh. ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu n. nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town khèunyōh hōi āpém nü ā-ók kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü ālumshá tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü āvîshā tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói nyē, lōuhnyìh kíkí ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu nyīelüm kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 3tx7450ck8zk0a9w7kvga0jbxzr1yxw 7240371 7240370 2026-07-05T17:07:55Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Ālívá */ 7240371 wikitext text/x-wiki Pātshò Town hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé jāmkhèu 80 khèunyōh hāuvī 150 kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü ākhèu tsāk nói nōk nühé āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. Pātshò: Nōknyu Town: Nōk shóng tsāk nühé ākhèu tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi língpūo língnyu kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu tsūihāng # Pàusüpòu tsíngtsêu. # Pàusüpòu níesüyîe # Pàusüpòu jàmlüh péilüh # Pàusüpòu shài. # Pàusüpòu tshíesükhīam # Pàusüpòu tsémsünyíh. ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu n. nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town khèunyōh hōi āpém nü ā-ók kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü ālumshá tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü āvîshā tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói nyē, lōuhnyìh kíkí ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu nyīelüm kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 1cqnxjg5xudhoa2wkiiec6ejhgx3oqc 7240372 7240371 2026-07-05T17:10:20Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* */ 7240372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pātshò''' '''Town''' hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé '''jāmkhèu''' '''80''' ''''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' '''150''' kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi khìamkhā 08 mōngkü ākhèu tsāk nói nōk nühé āshóngtīng ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó ālumtshōu āhàupóngkü kī jē. Pātshò: Nōknyu Town: Nōk shóng tsāk nühé ākhèu tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi língpūo língnyu kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu tsūihāng # Pàusüpòu tsíngtsêu. # Pàusüpòu níesüyîe # Pàusüpòu jàmlüh péilüh # Pàusüpòu shài. # Pàusüpòu tshíesükhīam # Pàusüpòu tsémsünyíh. ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu n. nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town khèunyōh hōi āpém nü ā-ók kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü ālumshá tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü āvîshā tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói nyē, lōuhnyìh kíkí ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu nyīelüm kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 4so31zr61omcqo4jofd9zlmkikec14e 7240373 7240372 2026-07-05T17:13:33Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Ālívá */ 7240373 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pātshò''' '''Town''' hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé '''jāmkhèu''' '''80''' ''''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' '''150''' kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi '''khìamkhā''' '''08''' mōngkü '''ākhèu''' tsāk nói nyē nühé '''āshóngtīng''' ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó '''ālumtshōu''' '''āhàupóngkü''' kī jē. ''Pātshò'': '''Nōknyu''' ''Town'': Nōk '''āshóng''' tsāk nühé '''ākhèu''' tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi língpūo língnyu kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu tsūihāng # Pàusüpòu tsíngtsêu. # Pàusüpòu níesüyîe # Pàusüpòu jàmlüh péilüh # Pàusüpòu shài. # Pàusüpòu tshíesükhīam # Pàusüpòu tsémsünyíh. ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu n. nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town khèunyōh hōi āpém nü ā-ók kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü ālumshá tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü āvîshā tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói nyē, lōuhnyìh kíkí ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu nyīelüm kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 4awb71ls56w96athrsc493bgl3i997w 7240374 7240373 2026-07-05T17:15:14Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Pàusǜpòu */ 7240374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pātshò''' '''Town''' hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé '''jāmkhèu''' '''80''' ''''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' '''150''' kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi '''khìamkhā''' '''08''' mōngkü '''ākhèu''' tsāk nói nyē nühé '''āshóngtīng''' ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó '''ālumtshōu''' '''āhàupóngkü''' kī jē. ''Pātshò'': '''Nōknyu''' ''Town'': Nōk '''āshóng''' tsāk nühé '''ākhèu''' tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi '''língpūo''' '''língnyu''' kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu '''tsūihāng''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsíngtsêu''' # Pàusüpòu '''níesüyîe''' # Pàusüpòu '''jàmlüh péilüh''' # Pàusüpòu '''shài''' # Pàusüpòu '''tshíesükhīam''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsémsünyíh''' ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu n. nyë nühé Head GB nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh. 2. Pātshò Town Sports United. 3. Pātshò Town Students Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public Organisation. 5. Police. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town khèunyōh hōi āpém nü ā-ók kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü ālumshá tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü āvîshā tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói nyē, lōuhnyìh kíkí ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu nyīelüm kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] eemj3pvscofjbbhtkw4te7bzpomhkgp 7240375 7240374 2026-07-05T17:17:02Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Hòikàm */ 7240375 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pātshò''' '''Town''' hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé '''jāmkhèu''' '''80''' ''''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' '''150''' kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi '''khìamkhā''' '''08''' mōngkü '''ākhèu''' tsāk nói nyē nühé '''āshóngtīng''' ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó '''ālumtshōu''' '''āhàupóngkü''' kī jē. ''Pātshò'': '''Nōknyu''' ''Town'': Nōk '''āshóng''' tsāk nühé '''ākhèu''' tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi '''língpūo''' '''língnyu''' kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu '''tsūihāng''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsíngtsêu''' # Pàusüpòu '''níesüyîe''' # Pàusüpòu '''jàmlüh péilüh''' # Pàusüpòu '''shài''' # Pàusüpòu '''tshíesükhīam''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsémsünyíh''' ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé '''Head''' '''GB''' nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist '''Tûathìh'''. 2. Pātshò Town '''Sports''' United. 3. Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public '''Organisation'''. 5. '''Police'''. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town khèunyōh hōi āpém nü ā-ók kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü ālumshá tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü āvîshā tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói nyē, lōuhnyìh kíkí ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu nyīelüm kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 1ojbg0pvbmb5ksm5rmvoar3uknd6cqw 7240376 7240375 2026-07-05T17:22:47Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Hòikàm */ 7240376 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pātshò''' '''Town''' hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé '''jāmkhèu''' '''80''' ''''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' '''150''' kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi '''khìamkhā''' '''08''' mōngkü '''ākhèu''' tsāk nói nyē nühé '''āshóngtīng''' ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó '''ālumtshōu''' '''āhàupóngkü''' kī jē. ''Pātshò'': '''Nōknyu''' ''Town'': Nōk '''āshóng''' tsāk nühé '''ākhèu''' tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi '''língpūo''' '''língnyu''' kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu '''tsūihāng''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsíngtsêu''' # Pàusüpòu '''níesüyîe''' # Pàusüpòu '''jàmlüh péilüh''' # Pàusüpòu '''shài''' # Pàusüpòu '''tshíesükhīam''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsémsünyíh''' ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé '''Head''' '''GB''' nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist '''Tûathìh'''. 2. Pātshò Town '''Sports''' United. 3. Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public '''Organisation'''. 5. '''Police'''. 6. Chàm mé jām '''GBS'''. 7. '''Hospital''' Mūolījàm. 8. '''Government office''' chīkāmjâm. Āyīe lüm pōngkü kī nyē. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü 1991 nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo 25th Ālumshá sümāi nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. T. Langshie thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . Jetie #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. K Thungo Nōng kōu āmónglàm hōi āpém ōukóngkü tsülīeh nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü Catholic hāi āmkhàm kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town khèunyōh hōi āpém nü ā-ók kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü ālumshá tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü āvîshā tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói nyē, lōuhnyìh kíkí ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu nyīelüm kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] kcp93i2p5wk7ojrxytkpwt3xx9pmo54 7240586 7240376 2026-07-06T00:08:06Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Tûathìh */ 7240586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pātshò''' '''Town''' hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé '''jāmkhèu''' '''80''' ''''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' '''150''' kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi '''khìamkhā''' '''08''' mōngkü '''ākhèu''' tsāk nói nyē nühé '''āshóngtīng''' ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó '''ālumtshōu''' '''āhàupóngkü''' kī jē. ''Pātshò'': '''Nōknyu''' ''Town'': Nōk '''āshóng''' tsāk nühé '''ākhèu''' tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi '''língpūo''' '''língnyu''' kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu '''tsūihāng''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsíngtsêu''' # Pàusüpòu '''níesüyîe''' # Pàusüpòu '''jàmlüh péilüh''' # Pàusüpòu '''shài''' # Pàusüpòu '''tshíesükhīam''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsémsünyíh''' ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé '''Head''' '''GB''' nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist '''Tûathìh'''. 2. Pātshò Town '''Sports''' United. 3. Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public '''Organisation'''. 5. '''Police'''. 6. Chàm mé jām '''GBS'''. 7. '''Hospital''' Mūolījàm. 8. '''Government office''' chīkāmjâm. Āyīe lüm pōngkü kī nyē. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü '''1991 ''' nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo '''25th''' '''Ālumshá''' '''sümāi''' nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. '''T'''. '''Langshie''' thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . '''Jetie''' #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. '''K''' '''Thungo''' Nōng kōu '''āmónglàm''' hōi āpém '''ōukóngkü''' '''tsülīeh''' nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü '''Catholic''' hāi āmkhàm jām kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town Students Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. 57th Thūonōknyù mōngkü phühthànghāuví 200 kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. Penie Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü ānyîamōa ēpkü nōkhîng nü mêikü īulü hé jē nühé chōng chíkàmthāng nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh ēpkü nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town khèunyōh hōi āpém nü ā-ók kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü ālumshá tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü āvîshā tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói nyē, lōuhnyìh kíkí ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu nyīelüm kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] cj8qj6eqa3345mtkhnhr7ckl8mhsdyl 7240587 7240586 2026-07-06T00:10:16Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Ānyî-àmūa */ 7240587 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pātshò''' '''Town''' hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé '''jāmkhèu''' '''80''' ''''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' '''150''' kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi '''khìamkhā''' '''08''' mōngkü '''ākhèu''' tsāk nói nyē nühé '''āshóngtīng''' ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó '''ālumtshōu''' '''āhàupóngkü''' kī jē. ''Pātshò'': '''Nōknyu''' ''Town'': Nōk '''āshóng''' tsāk nühé '''ākhèu''' tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi '''língpūo''' '''língnyu''' kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu '''tsūihāng''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsíngtsêu''' # Pàusüpòu '''níesüyîe''' # Pàusüpòu '''jàmlüh péilüh''' # Pàusüpòu '''shài''' # Pàusüpòu '''tshíesükhīam''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsémsünyíh''' ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé '''Head''' '''GB''' nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist '''Tûathìh'''. 2. Pātshò Town '''Sports''' United. 3. Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public '''Organisation'''. 5. '''Police'''. 6. Chàm mé jām '''GBS'''. 7. '''Hospital''' Mūolījàm. 8. '''Government office''' chīkāmjâm. Āyīe lüm pōngkü kī nyē. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü '''1991 ''' nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo '''25th''' '''Ālumshá''' '''sümāi''' nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. '''T'''. '''Langshie''' thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . '''Jetie''' #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. '''K''' '''Thungo''' Nōng kōu '''āmónglàm''' hōi āpém '''ōukóngkü''' '''tsülīeh''' nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü '''Catholic''' hāi āmkhàm jām kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. '''57th''' '''Thūonōknyù''' mōngkü '''phühthànghāuví''' '''200''' kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. '''Penie''' Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü '''ānyîamōa''' ēpkü nōkhîng nü '''mêikü''' īulü hé jē nühé chōng '''chíkàmthāng''' nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh '''ēpkü''' nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town khèunyōh hōi āpém nü ā-ók kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü ālumshá tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü āvîshā tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói nyē, lōuhnyìh kíkí ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu nyīelüm kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] gro694hpz4kdhdmlre26vs3i4v7m2gk 7240588 7240587 2026-07-06T00:13:26Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Nyūthíe */ 7240588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pātshò''' '''Town''' hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé '''jāmkhèu''' '''80''' ''''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' '''150''' kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi '''khìamkhā''' '''08''' mōngkü '''ākhèu''' tsāk nói nyē nühé '''āshóngtīng''' ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó '''ālumtshōu''' '''āhàupóngkü''' kī jē. ''Pātshò'': '''Nōknyu''' ''Town'': Nōk '''āshóng''' tsāk nühé '''ākhèu''' tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi '''língpūo''' '''língnyu''' kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu '''tsūihāng''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsíngtsêu''' # Pàusüpòu '''níesüyîe''' # Pàusüpòu '''jàmlüh péilüh''' # Pàusüpòu '''shài''' # Pàusüpòu '''tshíesükhīam''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsémsünyíh''' ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé '''Head''' '''GB''' nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist '''Tûathìh'''. 2. Pātshò Town '''Sports''' United. 3. Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public '''Organisation'''. 5. '''Police'''. 6. Chàm mé jām '''GBS'''. 7. '''Hospital''' Mūolījàm. 8. '''Government office''' chīkāmjâm. Āyīe lüm pōngkü kī nyē. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü '''1991 ''' nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo '''25th''' '''Ālumshá''' '''sümāi''' nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. '''T'''. '''Langshie''' thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . '''Jetie''' #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. '''K''' '''Thungo''' Nōng kōu '''āmónglàm''' hōi āpém '''ōukóngkü''' '''tsülīeh''' nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü '''Catholic''' hāi āmkhàm jām kī jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. '''57th''' '''Thūonōknyù''' mōngkü '''phühthànghāuví''' '''200''' kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. '''Penie''' Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü '''ānyîamōa''' ēpkü nōkhîng nü '''mêikü''' īulü hé jē nühé chōng '''chíkàmthāng''' nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh '''ēpkü''' nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town '''khèunyōh''' hōi āpém '''Kōuh-ô''' nü '''ā-ók''' kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü '''ālumshá''' tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü '''āvîshā''' tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói, lōuhnyìh '''kíkí''' ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu '''nyīelüm''' kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] bcl60ruuqf0y54ooh7bhz7z5as7vh8q 7240589 7240588 2026-07-06T00:18:22Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* tāupūo */ 7240589 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pātshò''' '''Town''' hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé '''jāmkhèu''' '''80''' ''''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' '''150''' kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi '''khìamkhā''' '''08''' mōngkü '''ākhèu''' tsāk nói nyē nühé '''āshóngtīng''' ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó '''ālumtshōu''' '''āhàupóngkü''' kī jē. ''Pātshò'': '''Nōknyu''' ''Town'': Nōk '''āshóng''' tsāk nühé '''ākhèu''' tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi '''língpūo''' '''língnyu''' kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu '''tsūihāng''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsíngtsêu''' # Pàusüpòu '''níesüyîe''' # Pàusüpòu '''jàmlüh péilüh''' # Pàusüpòu '''shài''' # Pàusüpòu '''tshíesükhīam''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsémsünyíh''' ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé '''Head''' '''GB''' nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist '''Tûathìh'''. 2. Pātshò Town '''Sports''' United. 3. Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public '''Organisation'''. 5. '''Police'''. 6. Chàm mé jām '''GBS'''. 7. '''Hospital''' Mūolījàm. 8. '''Government office''' chīkāmjâm. Āyīe lüm pōngkü kī nyē. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü '''1991 ''' nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo '''25th''' '''Ālumshá''' '''sümāi''' nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. '''T'''. '''Langshie''' thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . '''Jetie''' #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. '''K''' '''Thungo''' Nōng kōu '''āmónglàm''' hōi āpém '''ōukóngkü''' '''tsülīeh''' nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü '''Catholic''' hāi āmkhàm jām kī jē. ==tāupūo== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh '''Āum''' '''hòikàm''' nü '''tāupūo''' nü tā āshái tā pāutsângkü tīu jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. '''57th''' '''Thūonōknyù''' mōngkü '''phühthànghāuví''' '''200''' kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. '''Penie''' Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü '''ānyîamōa''' ēpkü nōkhîng nü '''mêikü''' īulü hé jē nühé chōng '''chíkàmthāng''' nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh '''ēpkü''' nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town '''khèunyōh''' hōi āpém '''Kōuh-ô''' nü '''ā-ók''' kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü '''ālumshá''' tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü '''āvîshā''' tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói, lōuhnyìh '''kíkí''' ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu '''nyīelüm''' kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] qhhz3y6xdvaop9qv6kfukljqutkqy9c 7240590 7240589 2026-07-06T00:18:39Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 7240590 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pātshò''' '''Town''' hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé '''jāmkhèu''' '''80''' ''''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' '''150''' kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi '''khìamkhā''' '''08''' mōngkü '''ākhèu''' tsāk nói nyē nühé '''āshóngtīng''' ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó '''ālumtshōu''' '''āhàupóngkü''' kī jē. ''Pātshò'': '''Nōknyu''' ''Town'': Nōk '''āshóng''' tsāk nühé '''ākhèu''' tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi '''língpūo''' '''língnyu''' kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu '''tsūihāng''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsíngtsêu''' # Pàusüpòu '''níesüyîe''' # Pàusüpòu '''jàmlüh péilüh''' # Pàusüpòu '''shài''' # Pàusüpòu '''tshíesükhīam''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsémsünyíh''' ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé '''Head''' '''GB''' nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist '''Tûathìh'''. 2. Pātshò Town '''Sports''' United. 3. Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public '''Organisation'''. 5. '''Police'''. 6. Chàm mé jām '''GBS'''. 7. '''Hospital''' Mūolījàm. 8. '''Government office''' chīkāmjâm. Āyīe lüm pōngkü kī nyē. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü '''1991 ''' nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo '''25th''' '''Ālumshá''' '''sümāi''' nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. '''T'''. '''Langshie''' thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . '''Jetie''' #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. '''K''' '''Thungo''' Nōng kōu '''āmónglàm''' hōi āpém '''ōukóngkü''' '''tsülīeh''' nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü '''Catholic''' hāi āmkhàm jām kī jē. ==Tāupūo== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh '''Āum''' '''hòikàm''' nü '''tāupūo''' nü tā āshái tā pāutsângkü tīu jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. '''57th''' '''Thūonōknyù''' mōngkü '''phühthànghāuví''' '''200''' kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. '''Penie''' Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü '''ānyîamōa''' ēpkü nōkhîng nü '''mêikü''' īulü hé jē nühé chōng '''chíkàmthāng''' nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh '''ēpkü''' nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town '''khèunyōh''' hōi āpém '''Kōuh-ô''' nü '''ā-ók''' kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü '''ālumshá''' tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü '''āvîshā''' tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói, lōuhnyìh '''kíkí''' ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu '''nyīelüm''' kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] jxngtfq0jt0sk4ui17iuzimff5cszde 7240593 7240590 2026-07-06T00:26:26Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Hòikàm */ 7240593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pātshò''' '''Town''' hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé '''jāmkhèu''' '''80''' ''''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' '''150''' kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi '''khìamkhā''' '''08''' mōngkü '''ākhèu''' tsāk nói nyē nühé '''āshóngtīng''' ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó '''ālumtshōu''' '''āhàupóngkü''' kī jē. ''Pātshò'': '''Nōknyu''' ''Town'': Nōk '''āshóng''' tsāk nühé '''ākhèu''' tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi '''língpūo''' '''língnyu''' kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu '''tsūihāng''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsíngtsêu''' # Pàusüpòu '''níesüyîe''' # Pàusüpòu '''jàmlüh péilüh''' # Pàusüpòu '''shài''' # Pàusüpòu '''tshíesükhīam''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsémsünyíh''' ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé '''Head''' '''GB''' nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist '''Tûathìh'''. 2. Pātshò Town '''Sports''' United. 3. Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public '''Organisation'''. 5. '''Police'''. 6. Chàm mé jām '''GBS'''. 7. '''Hospital''' Mūolījàm. 8. '''Government office''' chīkāmjâm. Āyīe lüm pōngkü kī nyē. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü '''1991 ''' nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo '''25th''' '''Ālumshá''' '''sümāi''' nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. '''T'''. '''Langshie''' thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . '''Jetie''' #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. '''K''' '''Thungo''' Nōng kōu '''āmónglàm''' hōi āpém '''ōukóngkü''' '''tsülīeh''' nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü '''Catholic''' hāi āmkhàm jām kī jē. ==Tāupūo== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh '''Āum''' '''hòikàm''' nü '''tāupūo''' nü tā āshái tā pāutsângkü tīu jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. '''57th''' '''Thūonōknyù''' mōngkü '''phühthànghāuví''' '''200''' kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. '''Penie''' Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü '''ānyîamōa''' ēpkü nōkhîng nü '''mêikü''' īulü hé jē nühé chōng '''chíkàmthāng''' nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh '''ēpkü''' nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town '''khèunyōh''' hōi āpém '''Kōuh-ô''' nü '''ā-ók''' kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü '''ālumshá''' tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü '''āvîshā''' tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói, lōuhnyìh '''kíkí''' ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu '''nyīelüm''' kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] ekkoyrpujjatsea3zowsvlml583tgvv 7240604 7240593 2026-07-06T01:59:25Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Ālívá */ 7240604 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pātshò''' '''Town''' hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé ki jē nühé '''jāmkhèu''' '''80''' ''''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' '''150''' kīnglé ki je. ==Ālívá== Pātshò Town hāi '''khìamkhā''' '''08''' mōngkü '''ākhèu''' tsāk nói nyē nühé '''āshóngtīng''' ōngkü tsāk nói jē, nōng nōk nü kó '''ālumtshōu''' '''āhàupóngkü''' kī jē. Pātshò Town ātháh: ''Pātshò'': '''Nōknyu''' ''Town'': Nōk '''āshóng''' tsāk nühé '''ākhèu''' tsāk. ==Pàusǜpòu== Pātshò Town hāi '''língpūo''' '''língnyu''' kī kü shì, lōuhnyìh shìsàukü nōng shéu kâkéi jē Ākâkéi jü nü # Pàusüpòu '''tsūihāng''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsíngtsêu''' # Pàusüpòu '''níesüyîe''' # Pàusüpòu '''jàmlüh péilüh''' # Pàusüpòu '''shài''' # Pàusüpòu '''tshíesükhīam''' # Pàusüpòu '''tsémsünyíh''' ==Hòikàm== Pātshò Town mōngkü hōikám nōng shéu nói nyë nühé '''Head''' '''GB''' nü kī jē. 1. Pātshò Town Baptist '''Tûathìh'''. 2. Pātshò Town '''Sports''' United. 3. Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union. 4. Pātshò Town Public '''Organisation'''. 5. '''Police'''. 6. Chàm mé jām '''GBS'''. 7. '''Hospital''' Mūolījàm. 8. '''Government office''' chīkāmjâm. Āyīe lüm pōngkü kī nyē. ==Tûathìh== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh nü '''1991 ''' nài tsülōh nyē nühé pūo '''25th''' '''Ālumshá''' '''sümāi''' nü shàu hīe nyē. # Āmpāu nü mīepòng. '''T'''. '''Langshie''' thīh jē # Āum hāi āchìm miesheu . '''Jetie''' #Tûathìh tsūihāng tāi á mīepòng. '''K''' '''Thungo''' Nōng kōu '''āmónglàm''' hōi āpém '''ōukóngkü''' '''tsülīeh''' nü lōuhkü tsükīuh jē. Pātshò Town mōngkü '''Catholic''' hāi āmkhàm jām kī jē. ==Tāupūo== Pātshò Town Baptist Tûathìh '''Āum''' '''hòikàm''' nü '''tāupūo''' nü tā āshái tā pāutsângkü tīu jē. ==Ānyî-àmūa== 1.Pātshò Town '''Students''' Union nü pūo 2026 nü tā 25th Ālumshá nü shàu hīe. 2. '''57th''' '''Thūonōknyù''' mōngkü '''phühthànghāuví''' '''200''' kīnglé nói jē. Nühé nōng kó mīepòng. '''Penie''' Lāmthêu thīh jē. 3. Chàm mé hái jàngkü '''ānyîamōa''' ēpkü nōkhîng nü '''mêikü''' īulü hé jē nühé chōng '''chíkàmthāng''' nü khèunyōh āpîotíng üh '''ēpkü''' nói. ==Nyūthíe== Pātshò Town '''khèunyōh''' hōi āpém '''Kōuh-ô''' nü '''ā-ók''' kíuh shì nühé nōkhîng nü thèuthü '''ālumshá''' tsāk kíuh jē ātèitünái nōkhîng ōngkü '''āvîshā''' tsāk Pātshò Town kü nói, lōuhnyìh '''kíkí''' ālümkü mêikü nói nyē nōngtéiphìe Kōuh-ô hāu '''nyīelüm''' kíuhkü ānói kó. ==Āthāplūchám== [[Category:Wp/kix]] 10e8mowcc4za72b4qi4639ne85dfxr0 0 3786120 7240237 2026-07-05T14:15:39Z Elmelson Mikekerry 2661924 Created page with "==Jaku Iban== ===Reti=== ====Jaku nama==== #senapang ti ditanka dikena meti jelu besai #: {{Wt/iba/ux|iba|Pamang mantai '''belatik''' iya ti udah dikena iya begiga jelu remaung kemaya hari iya agi biak suba. }} ===Sebut=== * {{Wt/iba/hyph|iba|be |la|tik }} [[Category:Wt/iba]]" 7240237 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Jaku Iban== ===Reti=== ====Jaku nama==== #senapang ti ditanka dikena meti jelu besai #: {{Wt/iba/ux|iba|Pamang mantai '''belatik''' iya ti udah dikena iya begiga jelu remaung kemaya hari iya agi biak suba. }} ===Sebut=== * {{Wt/iba/hyph|iba|be |la|tik }} [[Category:Wt/iba]] 5t7nokhplqhqg7otxre1n6tqrr2tp2k 3 3786121 7240240 2026-07-05T14:19:22Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7240240 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 14:19, 5 July 2026 (UTC) 8cxp7wdf34c9bstbg6pamu5jqizyu7w 14 3786122 7240242 2026-07-05T14:20:40Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Created page with "[[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် ဘာသာစကား]]" 7240242 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/ရခိုင် ဘာသာစကား]] tw1r8qe2penpk6phrw49wvocol8wti5 0 3786123 7240245 2026-07-05T14:24:45Z Sekiyen 2692190 Created page with "[[File:Centipede.jpg|thumb|šešeri]] '''šešeri''' serengge [[Wp/mnc/umiyaha|umiyaha]] i emu hacin. bethe labdu kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]]" 7240245 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Centipede.jpg|thumb|šešeri]] '''šešeri''' serengge [[Wp/mnc/umiyaha|umiyaha]] i emu hacin. bethe labdu kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] iaxxu7zz3vels28enerkdogr369h490 7240248 7240245 2026-07-05T14:28:30Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7240248 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Centipede.jpg|thumb|šešeri]] '''šešeri''' serengge [[Wp/mnc/Umiyaha|Umiyaha]] i emu hacin. bethe labdu kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] 2u4d4hmq13y9wyyg8vygooe1dtmj6va 7240252 7240248 2026-07-05T14:35:51Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7240252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Centipede.jpg|thumb|šešeri]] '''šešeri''' serengge [[Wp/mnc/Umiyaha|umiyaha]] i emu hacin. bethe labdu kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] m18ifm2wq98gcl7s3cy7i6wsx27m0n7 7240253 7240252 2026-07-05T14:36:20Z Sekiyen 2692190 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q43447]] 7240253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Centipede.jpg|thumb|šešeri]] '''šešeri''' serengge [[Wp/mnc/Umiyaha|umiyaha]] i emu hacin. bethe labdu kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q43447}} ay2pmo1lrmf3hurgl8316zqjjqetsj9 0 3786124 7240249 2026-07-05T14:31:13Z Sekiyen 2692190 Created page with "[[File:Meat eater ant feeding on honey02.jpg|thumb|umiyaha i emke ojoro yerhuwe]] '''umiyaha''' serengge gurgu dolo sukū mangga beye komso be sembi. [[Category:Wp/mnc]]" 7240249 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Meat eater ant feeding on honey02.jpg|thumb|umiyaha i emke ojoro yerhuwe]] '''umiyaha''' serengge gurgu dolo sukū mangga beye komso be sembi. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] d29d2pcfbn7yas7rpseeivc1g045etz 7240254 7240249 2026-07-05T14:37:10Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7240254 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Meat eater ant feeding on honey02.jpg|thumb|umiyaha i emke ojoro yerhuwe]] '''umiyaha''' serengge gurgu dolo sukū mangga beye komso be sembi. si umiyaha kai. ilan beye. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] m81zapr4l4c1tgtlb44zomx1t02ainc 0 3786125 7240250 2026-07-05T14:33:22Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Created page with "'''အာ''' ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/a/}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == အာ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သင်ရိုးသရ။ သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမာ နှစ်လုံးမြောက် သရ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === second in the set..." 7240250 wikitext text/x-wiki '''အာ''' ===အသံထွက်=== * {{Wt/rki/MLCTS|/a/}} == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == အာ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သင်ရိုးသရ။ သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးမာ နှစ်လုံးမြောက် သရ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === second in the set of twelve vowels traditionally taught in the learning of Arakan language === ဗမာ === သင်ရိုးသရ။ သင်ရိုးသရ နှစ်ဆယ့်နှစ်လုံးတွင် နှစ်လုံးမြောက် သရ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == အာ၃ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔ၃/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အာ ဆိုပနာ ပစကို ဟရေ။ (ကျီး၊ သတ္တဝါ) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === gape - rent [as in မောင်မင်းရာဇာ၊ ကွဲ~ယက်လျက်] open [as in ဖူးငုံများ~လျက်] [of crows] caw blab [as in အပိုမပြောကေ လာမ~ဂေ] === ဗမာ === အာ ဟူ၍ ပါးစပ်ကို ဟသည်။ (ကျီး၊ သတ္တဝါ) == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == အာ၄ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔ၄/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အော်မြည်စွာ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === shout === ဗမာ === အော်မြည်သည် == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == အာ၅ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ʔ၅/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ငိုရေ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === cry === ဗမာ === ငိုသည် == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} * {{Template:Wt/rki/RASB}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 4bxjjkbfhw59c7cg76ss74tulfocuqi 14 3786126 7240258 2026-07-05T14:42:28Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Created page with "[[Category:Wt/rki/မြန်မာ ဘာသာစကား]]" 7240258 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/မြန်မာ ဘာသာစကား]] sypsvbchjwygj4vnx59qestsr1ppwh1 0 3786127 7240261 2026-07-05T14:45:36Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n./}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာကို အတန်ငယ် တွန့်ခါ လှုပ်ရှားရေ။ #: ''"သားရွံ့လာကေ၊ တောင်ညာရမှာ၊ ဝမ်းကခြင့်လို့"'' (နာရဒ) # (..." 7240261 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n./}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာကို အတန်ငယ် တွန့်ခါ လှုပ်ရှားရေ။ #: ''"သားရွံ့လာကေ၊ တောင်ညာရမှာ၊ ဝမ်းကခြင့်လို့"'' (နာရဒ) # (ဥပစာ) လှုပ်ရှားရွှင်မြူးရေ။ မငြိမ်မသက် ဟိရေ။ # ကြောက်လန့်ရေ။ ရွံ့ထိတ်တေ။ #: ''"နောက်လာရန်ကို၊ ရွံ့မတွန့်ပဲ၊ နေဝံ့ရေလေ"'' (ရာမ) # တုန််လှုပ်ချောက်ချားရေ။ #: ''"ကြောက်ရွံ့အားကြီး၊ ဘီလူးရုပ်သွင်၊ ဖြုတ်ချည်းမြင်သော်၊ ရှင်ရှင်ကျွီးလို့"'' (ရာမ) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # To [[Wt/rki/shiver|shiver]], twitch, or flinch slightly (of the body). # (Metaphorically) To be [[Wt/rki/restless|restless]], lively, or animated. # To fear, [[Wt/rki/dread|dread]], or shrink back in apprehension. # To be [[Wt/rki/terrified|terrified]], shaken, or deeply startled. === ဗမာ === # ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာကို အတန်ငယ် တွန့်ခါ လှုပ်ရှားသည်။ #: ''"သားရွံ့လာကေ၊ တောင်ညာရမှာ၊ ဝမ်းကခြင့်လို့"'' (နာရဒ) # (ဥပစာ) လှုပ်ရှားမြူးကြွသည်။ မငြိမ်မသက် ရှိသည်။ # ကြောက်လန့်သည်။ ရွံ့ထိတ်သည်။ #: ''"နောက်လာရန်ကို၊ ရွံ့မတွန့်ပဲ၊ နေဝံ့ရေလေ"'' (ရာမ) # တုန််လှုပ်ချောက်ချားသည်။ #: ''"ကြောက်ရွံ့အားကြီး၊ ဘီလူးရုပ်သွင်၊ ဖြုတ်ချည်းမြင်သော်၊ ရှင်ရှင်ကျွီးလို့"'' (ရာမ) == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] dqf4hgianx148pt6thvr5u4q0sxttp9 14 3786128 7240264 2026-07-05T14:47:50Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Created page with "[[Category:Wt/rki/မြန်မာ ဘာသာစကား]]" 7240264 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/မြန်မာ ဘာသာစကား]] sypsvbchjwygj4vnx59qestsr1ppwh1 0 3786129 7240267 2026-07-05T14:58:13Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံခရေ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹwəɴkʰɹè/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === စက်ဆုပ်မှုနန့် ကြောက်တေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === none === ဗမာ === စက်ဆုပ်သော အားဖြင့် ကြောက်သည်။ === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/hea..." 7240267 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံခရေ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹwəɴkʰɹè/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === စက်ဆုပ်မှုနန့် ကြောက်တေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === none === ဗမာ === စက်ဆုပ်သော အားဖြင့် ကြောက်သည်။ === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === စက်ဆုပ်သော စိတ်နှင့် ယှဉ်သည့် ဖယ်ခွာလိုမှု။ "အလယ်ရွာ အိမ်မျှောင်ဥ၊ တစ်ဥစားရေ ရွံခရေ၊ နှစ်ဥစားရေ ရွံခရေ။" (တေး) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === none === ဗမာ === စက်ဆုပ်သော စိတ်နှင့် ယှဉ်သည့် ဖယ်ခွာလိုမှု။ "အလယ်ရွာ အိမ်မျှောင်ဥ၊ တစ်ဥစားရေ ရွံခရေ၊ နှစ်ဥစားရေ ရွံခရေ။" (တေး) == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] nj6a6obzcxdn3o12n8ugkkzkgjcp7ry 828 3786130 7240269 2026-07-05T15:03:29Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Created page with "local m_langdata = require("Module:Wt/rki/languages/data") -- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data). local function u(...) u = require("Module:Wt/rki/string utilities").char return u(...) end local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} -- Ainu varieties m["ain-hok"] = { "Hokkaido Ainu", 20968488, "ain", aliases = {"Hokkaidō Ainu"}, } m["ain-kur"] = { "Kuril Ainu", 209..." 7240269 Scribunto text/plain local m_langdata = require("Module:Wt/rki/languages/data") -- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data). local function u(...) u = require("Module:Wt/rki/string utilities").char return u(...) end local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} -- Ainu varieties m["ain-hok"] = { "Hokkaido Ainu", 20968488, "ain", aliases = {"Hokkaidō Ainu"}, } m["ain-kur"] = { "Kuril Ainu", 20967012, "ain", } m["ain-sak"] = { "Sakhalin Ainu", 20747371, "ain", } -- Akan varieties m["tw"] = { "Twi Akan", 36850, "ak", aliases = {"Twi"}, } m["tw-abr"] = { "Bono Twi", 34831, "tw", aliases = {"Bono", "Abron", "Brong"}, } m["tw-asa"] = { "Asante Twi", 19261685, "tw", aliases = {"Asante", "Ashanti", "Ashante"}, } m["tw-aku"] = { "Akuapem Twi", 31150449, "tw", aliases = {"Akuapem", "Akuapim", "Akwapem Twi", "Akwapi"}, } m["fat"] = { "Fante Akan", 35570, "ak", aliases = {"Fante", "Fanti", "Fantse", "Mfantse"}, } -- Albanian varieties m["aln"] = { "Gheg Albanian", 181037, "sq", aliases = {"Gheg"}, } m["aae"] = { "Arbëresh Albanian", 1075302, "als", aliases = {"Arbëreshë", "Arbëresh"}, } m["aat"] = { "Arvanitika Albanian", 29347, "als", aliases = {"Arvanitika"}, } m["als"] = { "Tosk Albanian", 180937, "sq", aliases = {"Tosk"}, } -- Bantu varieties m["bnt-cmn"] = { "Common Bantu", nil, "bnt-pro", } -- Semitic varieties -- Akkadian varieties m["akk-old"] = { "Old Akkadian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-obb"] = { "Old Babylonian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-oas"] = { "Old Assyrian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-mbb"] = { "Middle Babylonian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-mas"] = { "Middle Assyrian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-nbb"] = { "Neo-Babylonian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-nas"] = { "Neo-Assyrian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-lbb"] = { "Late Babylonian", nil, "akk", } m["akk-stb"] = { "Standard Babylonian", nil, "akk", } -- Arabic varieties m["jrb"] = { "Judeo-Arabic", 37733, "ar", } -- Aramaic varieties m["arc-bib"] = { "Biblical Aramaic", 843235, "arc", family = "sem-are", } m["arc-cpa"] = { "Christian Palestinian Aramaic", 60790119, "arc", family = "sem-arw", aliases = {"Melkite Aramaic", "Palestinian Syriac", "Syropalestinian Aramaic"}, } m["arc-imp"] = { "Imperial Aramaic", 7079491, "arc", aliases = {"Official Aramaic"}, } m["arc-hat"] = { "Hatran Aramaic", 3832926, "arc", family = "sem-are", } m["arc-jla"] = { "Jewish Literary Aramaic", 105952842, "arc", } m["arc-nab"] = { "Nabataean Aramaic", 36178, "arc", } m["arc-old"] = { "Old Aramaic", 3398392, "arc", } m["arc-pal"] = { "Palmyrene Aramaic", 1510113, "arc", family = "sem-arw", } m["tmr"] = { "Jewish Babylonian Aramaic", 33407, "arc", family = "sem-ase", } m["jpa"] = { "Jewish Palestinian Aramaic", 948909, "arc", family = "sem-arw", aliases = {"Galilean Aramaic"}, } -- Catalan varieties m["ca-val"] = { "Valencian", 32641, "ca", } -- Central Nicobarese varieties m["ncb-cam"] = { "Camorta", 5026908, "ncb", aliases = {"Kamorta"}, } m["ncb-kat"] = { "Katchal", 17064263, "ncb", aliases = {"Tehnu"}, } m["ncb-nan"] = { "Nancowry", 6962504, "ncb", aliases = {"Nankwari"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Chinese varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- ------------- Old Chinese, Middle Chinese ------------- m["och-ear"] = { "အစောပိုင်း ရှေးဟောင်းတရုတ်", nil, "och", } m["och-lat"] = { "ခေတ်နှောင်း ရှေးဟောင်းတရုတ်", nil, "och", } m["ltc-ear"] = { "အစောပိုင်း အလယ်တရုတ်", nil, "ltc", } m["ltc-lat"] = { "နှောင်းပိုင်း အလယ်တရုတ်", nil, "ltc", } ------------- Classical/Literary varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-cii"] = { "Ci", 1091366, "lzh", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-yue"] = { "Classical Cantonese", nil, "lzh", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-cmn"] = { "Classical Mandarin", nil, "lzh", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-tai"] = { "Classical Taishanese", nil, "lzh", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-cmn-TW"] = { "Classical Taiwanese Mandarin", nil, "lzh-cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-VI"] = { "Vietnamese Classical Chinese", 17034227, "lzh", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-KO"] = { "Korean Classical Chinese", 10496257, "lzh", ietf_subtag = "lzh-KR" -- KR = South Korea, as there is no code for Korea as a whole } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["lzh-lit"] = { "Literary Chinese", nil, "lzh", } -- FIXME: Temporary. FIXME: Do we need this? How does it differ from Old Chinese? m["lzh-pre"] = { "Pre-Classical Chinese", nil, "lzh", } ------------- Written Vernacular varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-wvc"] = { "Written vernacular Mandarin", 783605, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. FIXME: How does this differ from "Literary Cantonese"? m["yue-wvc"] = { "Written vernacular Cantonese", nil, "yue", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["zhx-tai-wvc"] = { "Written vernacular Taishanese", nil, "zhx-tai", } ------------- Mandarin varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. NOTE: The Linguist List assigns the "w:Beijing dialect" (Wikidata 1147606) the code "cmn-bej" and -- the larger "w:Beijing Mandarin (division of Mandarin)" dialect group (Wikidata 2169652; what we call "Beijingic -- Mandarin", after Glottolog) the code "cmn-bei". m["cmn-bei"] = { "Beijing Mandarin", 1147606, "cmn-bec", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-bec"] = { "Beijingic Mandarin", 2169652, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. NOTE: The Linguist List uses the code cmn-zho. m["cmn-cep"] = { "Central Plains Mandarin", 3048775, "cmn", aliases = {"Zhongyuan Mandarin"}, } m["cmn-ear"] = { "အစောပိုင်း မက်ဒရင်", 837169, "cmn", ancestors = "ltc", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-gua"] = { "Guanzhong Mandarin", 3431648, "cmn-cep", } -- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Guiliu Mandarin, which in turn is a subdialect of Southwestern Mandarin. m["cmn-gui"] = { "Guilin Mandarin", 11111636, "cmn-sow", } m["cmn-jhu"] = { "Jianghuai Mandarin", 2128953, "cmn", aliases = {"Lower Yangtze Mandarin"}, } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-lan"] = { "Lanyin Mandarin", 662754, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-MY"] = { "Malaysian Mandarin", 13646143, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-nan"] = { "Nanjing Mandarin", 2681098, "cmn-jhu", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-noe"] = { "Northeastern Mandarin", 1064504, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-PH"] = { "Philippine Mandarin", 7185155, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-SG"] = { "Singapore Mandarin", 1048980, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-sow"] = { "Southwestern Mandarin", 2609239, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Jilu Mandarin. m["cmn-tia"] = { "Tianjin Mandarin", 7800220, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. NOTE: Wikidata also has Q4380827 "Taiwanese Mandarin", defined as "rare dialect of Standard Chinese -- (Mandarin) used in Taiwan, which is strongly influenced by Taiwanese Hokkien; mostly used by elderlies" and having no -- English Wikipedia article (but see w:zh:臺灣國語). m["cmn-TW"] = { "Taiwanese Mandarin", 262828, "cmn", } -- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Wu-Tian Mandarin, in turn a subdialect of Southwestern Mandarin. -- Given the code cmn-xwu in the Linguist List. m["cmn-wuh"] = { "Wuhan Mandarin", 11124731, "cmn-sow", aliases = {"Wuhanese"}, } -- FIXME: Temporary. Appears to be a subdialect of Lanyin Mandarin. m["cmn-xin"] = { "Xining Mandarin", nil, "cmn-lan", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["cmn-yan"] = { "Yangzhou Mandarin", nil, "cmn-jhu", } ------------- Cantonese varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. m["yue-gua"] = { "Guangzhou Cantonese", nil, "yue", } -- FIXME: Temporary. Given the codes yue-yue or yue-can in the Linguist List. m["yue-HK"] = { "Hong Kong Cantonese", 5894342, "yue", } -- FIXME: Temporary. FIXME: How does this differ from "Written vernacular Cantonese"? m["yue-lit"] = { "Literary Cantonese", 2472605, "yue", } ------------- Wu varieties ------------- m["wuu-han"] = { "Hangzhounese", 5648144, "wuu", } m["wuu-nin"] = { "Ningbonese", 3972199, "wuu", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["wuu-nor"] = { "Northern Wu", 7675988, "wuu", aliases = {"Taihu Wu"}, } -- FIXME: Temporary? Subvariety of Taihu Wu. NOTE: "chm" stands for Chongming, the main dialect, to avoid a conflict -- with Shanghainese. m["wuu-chm"] = { "Shadi Wu", 6112340, "wuu-nor", } m["wuu-sha"] = { "Shanghainese", 36718, "wuu-nor", } m["wuu-suz"] = { "Suzhounese", 831744, "wuu-nor", } -- FIXME: Temporary. May be converted into a full language and/or split. m["wuu-wen"] = { "Wenzhounese", 710218, "wuu", } ------------- Xiang varieties ------------- m["hsn-lou"] = { "Loudi Xiang", 10943823, "hsn-old", } m["hsn-hya"] = { "Hengyang Xiang", 20689035, "hsn-hzh", } m["hsn-hzh"] = { "Hengzhou Xiang", nil, "hsn", } m["hsn-new"] = { "New Xiang", 7012696, "hsn", aliases = {"Chang-Yi"}, } m["hsn-old"] = { "Old Xiang", 7085453, "hsn", aliases = {"Lou-Shao"}, } ------------- Hakka varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-dab"] = { "Dabu Hakka", 19855566, "hak", -- formerly hak-TW but seems to be spoken primary in Dabu County in Guangdong } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-eam"] = { "Early Modern Hakka", nil, "hak", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-hai"] = { "Hailu Hakka", 17038519, "hak", -- often considered a Taiwanese lect but also spoken in [[Shanwei]], [[Guangdong]] } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-hui"] = { "Huiyang Hakka", 16873881, "hak", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-hui-MY"] = { "Malaysian Huiyang Hakka", nil, "hak-hui", } -- FIXME: Temporary. Similar to and possibly the parent of Sixian Hakka in Taiwan. m["hak-mei"] = { "Meixian Hakka", 839295, "hak", aliases = {"Moiyan Hakka", "Meizhou Hakka"}, } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-six"] = { "Sixian Hakka", 9668261, "hak-TW", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-TW"] = { "Taiwanese Hakka", 2391532, "hak", } -- FIXME: Temporary. m["hak-zha"] = { "Zhao'an Hakka", 6703311, "hak", aliases = {"Zhangzhou Hakka"}, } -- Southern Min varieties -- m["nan-anx"] = { "Anxi Hokkien", 97064149, "nan-qua", } m["nan-cha"] = { "Changtai Hokkien", nil, "nan-zha", } m["nan-hou"] = { "Houlu Min", 19855492, "nan-dat", } m["nan-hui"] = { "Hui'an Hokkien", 16241797, "nan-qua", } m["nan-jin"] = { "Jinjiang Hokkien", 11089375, "nan-qua", } m["nan-kin"] = { "Kinmenese Hokkien", 56278342, "nan-xia", aliases = {"Kinmen Hokkien"}, } m["nan-med"] = { "Medan Hokkien", 6805114, "nan-zha", } m["nan-pen"] = { "Penang Hokkien", 11120689, "nan-zha", } m["nan-hbl-PH"] = { "Philippine Hokkien", 3236692, "nan-qua", } m["nan-qia"] = { "Qianlu Min", 19842517, "nan-dat", } m["nan-qua"] = { "Quanzhou Hokkien", 2251677, "nan-hbl", aliases = {"Chinchew", "Choanchew"}, } -- FIXME: Temporary? Derived from both Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien. m["nan-hbl-SG"] = { "Singapore Hokkien", 3846528, "nan-hbl", } m["nan-spm"] = { "Southern Malaysian Hokkien", 7570322, "nan-qua", aliases = {"Southern Malaysia Hokkien", "Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien", "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Hokkien"} } m["nan-hbl-TW"] = { "Taiwanese Hokkien", 36778, "nan-hbl", } m["nan-ton"] = { "Tong'an Hokkien", nil, "nan-xia", } m["nan-xia"] = { "Xiamen Hokkien", 68744, "nan-hbl", aliases = {"Amoy", "Amoyese", "Amoynese", "Xiamenese"}, } m["nan-yon"] = { "Yongchun Hokkien", 65118728, "nan-qua", } m["nan-zha"] = { "Zhangzhou Hokkien", 8070492, "nan-hbl", aliases = {"Changchew", "Chiangchew", "Changchow"}, } m["nan-zho"] = { "Zhao'an Hokkien", 65118728, "nan-zha", aliases = {"Zhao'an", "Chawan", "Chawan Hokkien"}, } m["nan-zhp"] = { "Zhangping Hokkien", 15937822, "nan-zha", } ------------- Other Min varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. Affiliation within Min uncertain; some combination of Eastern and Southern. m["zhx-zho"] = { "Zhongshan Min", 8070958, "zh", } ------------- Other Chinese varieties ------------- -- FIXME: Temporary. Affiliation within Chinese uncertain; possibly Yue. m["zhx-dan"] = { "Danzhou Chinese", 2578935, "zh", } ------------- Chinese romanization varieties ------------- -- [[Wiktionary:Information desk/2022/June#Etymology Coding Issue]] -- [[Wiktionary:Grease pit/2022/June#Transliteration Systems in Etymologies 2]] m["cmn-pinyin"] = { "Hanyu Pinyin", 42222, "cmn", aliases = {"Pinyin"}, } m["cmn-tongyong"] = { "Tongyong Pinyin", 700739, "cmn", } m["cmn-wadegiles"] = { "Wade–Giles", 208442, "cmn", aliases = {"Wade-Giles", "Wade Giles"}, } m["zh-postal"] = { "Postal Romanization", 151868, "zh", } -- Chinese cyrillization m["cmn-palladius"] = { "Palladius", 1234239, "cmn", aliases = {"Palladius system"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Coptic varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["cop-akh"] = { "Akhmimic Coptic", 125176464, "cop", aliases = {"Akhmimic"}, } m["cop-boh"] = { "Bohairic Coptic", 890733, "cop", aliases = {"Bohairic", "Memphitic Coptic", "Memphitic"}, } m["cop-ggg"] = { "Coptic Dialect G", nil, "cop", aliases = {"Dialect G", "Mansuric Coptic", "Mansuric"}, } m["cop-jjj"] = { "Coptic Dialect J", nil, "cop", } m["cop-kkk"] = { "Coptic Dialect K", nil, "cop", } m["cop-ppp"] = { "Coptic Dialect P", nil, "cop", aliases = {"Proto-Theban Coptic", "Palaeo-Theban Coptic"}, } m["cop-fay"] = { "Fayyumic Coptic", 1399115, "cop", aliases = {"Fayyumic", "Faiyumic Coptic", "Faiyumic", "Fayumic Coptic", "Fayumic", "Bashmuric Coptic", "Bashmuric"}, } m["cop-her"] = { "Hermopolitan Coptic", nil, "cop", aliases = {"Hermopolitan", "Coptic Dialect H", "Ashmuninic", "Ashmuninic Coptic"}, } m["cop-lyc"] = { "Lycopolitan Coptic", nil, "cop", aliases = { "Lycopolitan", "Assiutic Coptic", "Asyutic Coptic", "Assiutic", "Asyutic", "Lyco-Diospolitan Coptic", "Lyco-Diospolitan", "Subakhmimic Coptic", "Subakhmimic" }, } m["cop-old"] = { "Old Coptic", 115518040, "cop", } m["cop-oxy"] = { "Oxyrhynchite Coptic", nil, "cop", aliases = {"Oxyrhynchite", "Mesokemic Coptic", "Mesokemic", "Middle Egyptian Coptic"}, } m["cop-ply"] = { "Proto-Lycopolitan Coptic", nil, "cop", aliases = {"Coptic Dialect i", "Proto-Lyco-Diospolitan Coptic"}, } m["cop-sah"] = { "Sahidic Coptic", 2645851, "cop", aliases = {"Sahidic", "Saidic Coptic", "Saidic", "Thebaic Coptic", "Thebaic"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Dutch varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["nl-BE"] = { "Belgian Dutch", 34147, "nl", aliases = { "Flemish", "Flemish Dutch", "Southern Dutch"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Low Saxon varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["act"] = { "Achterhoeks", 153627, "nds-nl", aliases = {"Achterhoek", "Achterhooks"}, } m["drt"] = { "Drents", 2736709, "nds-nl", aliases = {"Drèents", "Dreins", "Dreints", "Drints"}, } m["frs"] = { "East Frisian Low German", 149208, "nds-de", aliases = {"East Frisian", "East Frisian Low Saxon"}, } m["gos"] = { "Gronings", 508854, "nds-nl", aliases = {"Grunnegs", "Grönnegs"}, } m["nds-lpr"] = { "Low Prussian", 33982, "nds-de", } m["sdz"] = { "Sallands", 3436668, "nds-nl", aliases = {"Sallaans", "Sallaands"}, } m["stl"] = { "Stellingwerfs", 506010, "nds-nl", aliases = {"Stellingwarfs"}, } m["twd"] = { "Twents", 497363, "nds-nl", aliases = {"Tweants"}, } m["vel"] = { "Veluws", 2484810, "nds-nl", } m["wep"] = { "Westphalian", 505655, "nds-de", aliases = {"Westfalish", "Westphalien"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Egyptian varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["egy-old"] = { "Old Egyptian", 447117, "egy", } m["egy-mid"] = { "Middle Egyptian", 657330, "egy", aliases = {"Classical Egyptian"}, } m["egy-nmi"] = { "Neo-Middle Egyptian", 123735278, "egy", aliases = {"Égyptien de tradition", "Traditional Egyptian"}, } m["egy-lat"] = { "Late Egyptian", 1852329, "egy", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Elamite varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["elx-old"] = { "Old Elamite", nil, "elx", } m["elx-mid"] = { "Middle Elamite", nil, "elx", } m["elx-neo"] = { "Neo-Elamite", nil, "elx", } m["elx-ach"] = { "Achaemenid Elamite", nil, "elx", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- English and Scots varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- English varieties m["en-AU"] = { "Australian English", 44679, "en", } m["en-GB"] = { "British English", 7979, "en", } m["en-GB-SCT"] = { "Scottish English", 44676, "en-GB", } m["en-GB-WLS"] = { "Welsh English", 44676, "en-GB", } m["en-IM"] = { "Manx English", 6753295, "en-GB", } m["en-aae"] = { "Australian Aboriginal English", 783347, "en-AU", } m["en-ear"] = { "Early Modern English", 1472196, "en", ancestors = "enm", aliases = {"Early New English"}, } m["en-geo"] = { "Geordie English", 653421, "en", ancestors = "enm-nor", } m["en-IE"] = { -- FIXME: "IE" doesn't cover Northern Ireland "Irish English", 665624, "en", } m["en-uls"] = { "Ulster English", 6840826, "en-IE", } m["en-GB-NIR"] = { "Northern Irish English", 6840826, -- actually the code for Ulster English "en-uls", } m["en-NNN"] = { -- NA = Namibia; NNN is NATO 3-letter code for North America "မြောက်အမေရိကန် အင်္ဂလိပ်", 7053766, "en", ietf_subtag = "en-021" -- 021 = UN M49 code for "Northern America" (i.e. North America wihout Central America or the Caribbean) } m["en-US"] = { "အမေရိကန် အင်္ဂလိပ်", 7976, "en-NNN", } m["en-NZ"] = { "နယူးဇီလန် အင်္ဂလိပ်", 44661, "en" } m["en-ZA"] = { "South African English", 1156228, "en" } m["en-US-CA"] = { "California English", 1026812, "en-US", } m["en-CA"] = { "ကနေဒါ အင်္ဂလိပ်", 44676, "en-US", } m["en-HK"] = { "ဟောင်ကောင် အင်္ဂလိပ်", 1068863, "en", } m["en-IN"] = { "အိန္ဒိယ အင်္ဂလိပ်", 1348800, "en", } m["pld"] = { "Polari", 1359130, "en", } -- Scots varieties m["sco-ins"] = { "Insular Scots", 16919205, "sco", } m["sco-uls"] = { "Ulster Scots", 201966, "sco", } m["sco-nor"] = { "Northern Scots", 16928150, "sco", } m["sco-sou"] = { "South Scots", 7570457, "sco", aliases = {"Southern Scots", "Borders Scots"}, } -- Middle English varieties m["enm-esc"] = { -- Part of Middle English until it developed into Middle Scots. "Early Scots", 5326738, "enm", ancestors = "enm-nor", aliases = {"Old Scots", "Scottish Middle English"}, } m["enm-nor"] = { "Northern Middle English", nil, "enm", ancestors = "ang-nor", aliases = {"Northumbrian Middle English"}, } -- Old English varieties -- Includes both Mercian and Northumbrian. m["ang-ang"] = { "Anglian Old English", nil, "ang", } m["ang-ken"] = { "Kentish Old English", 11687485, "ang", } m["ang-mer"] = { "Mercian Old English", 602072, "ang-ang", } m["ang-nor"] = { "Northumbrian Old English", 1798915, "ang-ang", } --[[ m["ang-wsx"] = { "West Saxon Old English", nil, "ang", } ]] ----------------------------------------------------- -- French and French-based creole varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["fro-nor"] = { "Old Northern French", 2044917, "fro", aliases = {"Old Norman", "Old Norman French"}, } m["fro-pic"] = { "Picard Old French", nil, "fro", } m["xno"] = { "Anglo-Norman", 35214, "fro-nor", } m["xno-law"] = { "Law French", 2044323, "xno", } m["zrp"] = { "Zarphatic", 36994, "fro", aliases = {"Judeo-French"} } m["fr-CA"] = { "Canadian French", 1450506, "fr", } m["fr-CH"] = { "Swiss French", 1480152, "fr", } m["fr-aca"] = { "Acadian French", 415109, "fr", } m["fr-lou"] = { "Louisiana French", 3083213, "fr", } m["fr-mis"] = { "Missouri French", 3083210, "fr", } m["frc"] = { "Cajun French", 880301, "fr-lou", } m["ht-sdm"] = { "Saint Dominican Creole French", nil, "ht", ancestors = "fr", } -- Norman varieties m["nrf-grn"] = { "Guernsey Norman", 56428, "nrf", aliases = {"Guernsey"}, } m["nrf-jer"] = { "Jersey Norman", 56430, "nrf", aliases = {"Jersey"}, } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Brythonic varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["bry-ear"] = { "Early Brythonic", nil, "cel-bry-pro", } m["bry-lat"] = { "Late Brythonic", nil, "cel-bry-pro", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Gaulish varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["xcg"] = { "Cisalpine Gaulish", 3832927, "cel-gau", } m["xtg"] = { "Transalpine Gaulish", 29977, "cel-gau", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Portuguese varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["pt-BR"] = { "Brazilian Portuguese", 750553, "pt", } m["pt-PT"] = { "European Portuguese", 922399, "pt", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Spanish varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["es-ear"] = { "Early Modern Spanish", 5364419, "es", } m["es-AR"] = { "Rioplatense Spanish", 509780, "es", } m["es-BO"] = { "Bolivian Spanish", 510730, "es", } m["es-CL"] = { "Chilean Spanish", 857295, "es", } m["es-CO"] = { "Colombian Spanish", 1115875, "es", } m["es-CU"] = { "Cuban Spanish", 824909, "es", } m["es-MX"] = { "Mexican Spanish", 616620, "es", } m["es-PE"] = { "Peruvian Spanish", 736236, "es", } m["es-PH"] = { "Philippine Spanish", 22091406, "es", } m["es-US"] = { "United States Spanish", 2301077, "es", aliases = {"US Spanish"}, } --use label "US Spanish" to put Spanish terms in this category m["es-PR"] = { "Puerto Rican Spanish", 7258609, "es", } m["es-VE"] = { "Venezuelan Spanish", 840017, "es", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Fula varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["fuc"] = { "Pulaar", 1420205, "ff", } m["fuf"] = { "Pular", 3915357, "ff", } m["ffm"] = { "Maasina Fulfulde", 3915322, "ff", } m["fue"] = { -- no enwiki entry as of yet but frwiki and pmswiki have one "Borgu Fulfulde", 12952426, "ff", } m["fuh"] = { -- no enwiki entry as of yet but frwiki and pmswiki have one "Western Niger Fulfulde", 12952430, "ff", } m["fuq"] = { -- no enwiki entry as of yet but frwiki, hrwiki and pmswiki have one "Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde", 12628799, "ff", } m["fuv"] = { -- no enwiki entry as of yet but dewiki, frwiki, hrwiki, pmswiki and swwiki have one "Nigerian Fulfulde", 36129, "ff", } m["fub"] = { -- no enwiki entry as of yet but dewiki, frwiki, hrwiki, pmswiki, ptwiki, swwiki and yowiki have one "Adamawa Fulfulde", 34776, "ff", } m["fui"] = { -- no enwiki entry as of yet but pmswiki and swwiki have one "Bagirmi Fulfulde", 11003859, "ff", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- German(ic) varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- (modern) German varieties m["de-AT"] = { "Austrian German", 306626, "de", } m["de-AT-vie"] = { "Viennese German", 56474, "de-AT", } m["de-CH"] = { "Switzerland German", 1366643, "de", aliases = {"Schweizer Hochdeutsch", "Swiss Standard German", "Swiss High German"}, } m["de-bal"] = { "Baltic German", 15785413, "de", } m["ksh"] = { "Kölsch", 4624, "gmw-cfr", } m["pfl"] = { "Palatine German", 23014, "gmw-rfr", aliases = {"Pfälzisch", "Pälzisch", "Palatinate German"}, } m["sli"] = { "Silesian East Central German", 152965, "gmw-ecg", aliases = {"Silesian"}, } m["sxu"] = { "Upper Saxon German", 699284, "gmw-ecg", } -- Old High German varieties m["lng"] = { "Lombardic", 35972, "goh", } -- Proto-West Germanic varieties m["frk"] = { "Frankish", 10860505, "gmw-pro", family = "gmw-frk", aliases = {"Old Frankish"}, } m["gem-sue"] = { "Suevic", 134600275, "gmw-pro", aliases = {"Suebian"}, } m["gmw-afr-pro"] = { "Proto-Anglo-Frisian", 134603379, "gmw-nsg-pro", family = "gmw-afr", } m["gmw-nsg-pro"] = { "Proto-North Sea Germanic", 134603374, "gmw-pro", family = "gmw-nsg", aliases = {"Proto-Ingvaeonic"}, } -- Alemannic German varieties m["gsw-low"] = { "Low Alemannic German", 503724, "gsw", } m["gsw-FR-als"] = { "Alsatian Alemannic German", 8786, "gsw-low", } m["gsw-hig"] = { "High Alemannic German", 503728, "gsw", } m["gsw-hst"] = { "Highest Alemannic German", 687538, "gsw", } m["wae"] = { "Walser German", 680517, "gsw-hst", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Old Norse varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["non-grn"] = { "Greenlandic Norse", 855236, "non-own", } m["non-oen"] = { "Old East Norse", 10498031, "non", ancestors = "non", } m["non-own"] = { "Old West Norse", 2377483, "non", ancestors = "non", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Old Swedish varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["gmq-osw-lat"] = { "Late Old Swedish", 10723594, "gmq-osw", ancestors = "gmq-osw", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Greek varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["qsb-grc"] = { "Pre-Greek", 965052, "und", family = "qfa-sub", } m["grc-aeo"] = { "Aeolic Greek", 406373, "grc", aliases = {"Lesbic Greek", "Lesbian Greek", "Aeolian Greek"}, } m["grc-arc"] = { "Arcadian Greek", nil, "grc-arp", } m["grc-arp"] = { "Arcadocypriot Greek", 499602, "grc", } m["grc-att"] = { "Attic Greek", 506588, "grc", } m["grc-boi"] = { "Boeotian Greek", 406373, "grc-aeo", } m["grc-dor"] = { "Doric Greek", 285494, "grc", } m["grc-ela"] = { "Elean Greek", nil, "grc", } m["grc-epc"] = { "Epic Greek", 990062, "grc", aliases = {"Homeric Greek"}, } m["grc-ion"] = { "Ionic Greek", 504165, "grc", } m["grc-koi"] = { "Koine Greek", 107358, "grc", ancestors = "grc-att", aliases = {"Hellenistic Greek"}, } m["grc-kre"] = { "Cretan Ancient Greek", -- to distinguish from Cretan Greek below nil, "grc-dor", } m["grc-opl"] = { "Opuntian Locrian", nil, "grc", } m["grc-ozl"] = { "Ozolian Locrian", nil, "grc", } m["grc-pam"] = { "Pamphylian Greek", 2271793, "grc", } m["grc-ths"] = { "Thessalian Greek", 406373, "grc-aeo", } m["gkm"] = { "Byzantine Greek", 36387, "grc", ancestors = "grc-koi", aliases = {"Medieval Greek"}, } m["el-cyp"] = { "Cypriot Greek", 245899, "el", aliases = {"Cypriotic Greek"}, } m["el-pap"] = { "Paphian Greek", nil, "el", } m["el-crt"] = { "Cretan Greek", 588306, "el", } m["el-kth"] = { "Katharevousa", 35961, "el", ancestors = "gkm", aliases = {"Katharevousa Greek"}, } m["el-kal"] = { "Kaliarda", nil, "el", } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Hebrew varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["hbo"] = { "Biblical Hebrew", 1982248, "he", aliases = {"Classical Hebrew"}, } m["he-mis"] = { "Mishnaic Hebrew", 1649362, "he", ancestors = "hbo", } m["he-med"] = { "Medieval Hebrew", 2712572, "he", ancestors = "he-mis", } m["he-IL"] = { "Israeli Hebrew", 8141, "he", } m["bsh-kat"] = { "Kativiri", 2605045, "bsh", aliases = {"Katə́viri"}, } m["xvi"] = { "Kamviri", 1193495, "bsh", aliases = {"Kamvíri"}, } m["bsh-mum"] = { "Mumviri", nil, aliases = {"Mumvíri"}, "bsh" } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Inuit varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["esi"] = { "North Alaskan Inupiatun", nil, "ik" } m["esk"] = { "Northwest Alaskan Inupiatun", 25559714, "ik" } ----------------------------------------------------- -- Iranian varieties -- ----------------------------------------------------- m["qsb-bma"] = { "the BMAC substrate", 133187435, "und", family = "qfa-sub", aliases = {"the Bactria-Margiana substrate", "the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex substrate"}, } -- Historical and current Iranian dialects m["ae-old"] = { "Old Avestan", 29572, "ae", aliases = {"Gathic Avestan"}, } m["ae-yng"] = { "Younger Avestan", 29572, "ae-old", aliases = {"Young Avestan"}, } m["bcc"] = { "Southern Balochi", 33049, "bal", aliases = {"Southern Baluchi"}, } m["bgp"] = { "Eastern Balochi", 33049, "bal", aliases = {"Eastern Baluchi"}, } m["bgn"] = { "Western Balochi", 33049, "bal", aliases = {"Western Baluchi"}, } m["bsg-ban"] = { "Bandari", nil, "bsg", } m["bsg-hor"] = { "Hormozi", nil, "bsg", } m["bsg-min"] = { "Minabi", nil, "bsg", } m["kho-old"] = { "Old Khotanese", nil, "kho", } m["kho-lat"] = { "Late Khotanese", nil, "kho-old", } m["peo-ear"] = { "Early Old Persian", nil, "peo", } m["peo-lat"] = { "Late Old Persian", nil, "peo", } m["pal-ear"] = { "Early Middle Persian", nil, "pal", } m["pal-lat"] = { "Late Middle Persian", nil, "pal", ancestors = "pal-ear", } m["ps-nwe"] = { "Northwestern Pashto", nil, "ps", } m["ps-cgi"] = { "Central Ghilzay", nil, "ps-nwe", } m["ps-mah"] = { "Mahsudi", nil, "ps-nwe", } m["ps-nea"] = { "Northeastern Pashto", nil, "ps", } m["ps-afr"] = { "Afridi", nil, "ps-nea", } m["ps-bng"] = { "Bangash", nil, "ps-nea", } m["ps-xat"] = { "Khatak", nil, "ps-nea", } m["ps-pes"] = { "Peshawari", nil, "ps-nea", } m["ps-sea"] = { "Southeastern Pashto", nil, "ps", } m["ps-ban"] = { "Bannu", nil, "ps-sea", } m["ps-kak"] = { "Kakari", nil, "ps-sea", } m["ps-ser"] = { "Sher", nil, "ps-sea", } m["ps-waz"] = { "Waziri", 12274473, "ps-sea", } m["ps-swe"] = { "Southwestern Pashto", nil, "ps", } m["ps-kan"] = { "Kandahari", nil, "ps-swe", } m["ps-jad"] = { "Jadrani", nil, "ps", ancestors = "ira-pat-pro" } m["xme-azr"] = { "Old Azari", nil, "xme-ott", aliases = {"Old Azeri", "Azari", "Azeri", "Āḏarī", "Adari", "Adhari"}, } m["xme-ttc-cen"] = { "Central Tati", nil, "xme-ott", } m["xme-ttc-eas"] = { "Eastern Tati", nil, "xme-ott", } m["xme-ttc-nor"] = { "Northern Tati", nil, "xme-ott", } m["xme-ttc-sou"] = { "Southern Tati", nil, "xme-ott", } m["xme-ttc-wes"] = { "Western Tati", nil, "xme-ott", } m["xmn"] = { "Manichaean Middle Persian", nil, "pal-lat", } m["fa-ear"] = { "Early New Persian", 127413796, "fa", ancestors = "pal-lat", translit = "fa-cls-translit", } m["fa-cls"] = { "Classical Persian", 9168, "fa", ancestors = "fa-ear", translit = "fa-cls-translit", } m["fa-ira"] = { "Iranian Persian", 3513637, "fa", aliases = {"Modern Persian", "Western Persian"}, translit = "fa-ira-translit", } m["prs"] = { "Dari", 178440, "fa", aliases = {"Dari Persian", "Central Persian", "Eastern Persian", "Afghan Persian"}, translit = "fa-cls-translit", } m["haz"] = { "Hazaragi", 33398, "prs", translit = "fa-cls-translit", } m["os-dig"] = { "Digor Ossetian", 3027861, "os", aliases = {"Digoron", "Digor"}, } m["os-iro"] = { "Iron Ossetian", nil, "os", aliases = {"Iron"}, } m["sog-ear"] = { "Early Sogdian", nil, "sog", } m["sog-lat"] = { "Late Sogdian", nil, "sog-ear", } m["ro-MD"] = { "Moldovan", 36392, "ro", aliases = {"Moldavian"}, } m["oru-kan"] = { "Kaniguram", 6363164, "oru", } m["oru-log"] = { "Logar", nil, "oru", } m["oos"] = { "Old Ossetic", 65455882, "xln", } m["oos-ear"] = { "Early Old Ossetic", nil, "oos", } m["oos-lat"] = { "Late Old Ossetic", nil, "oos", } m["rdb-jir"] = { "Jirofti", nil, "rdb", } m["rdb-kah"] = { "Kahnuji", nil, "rdb", } -- Southwestern Fars lects m["fay-bur"] = { "Burenjani", nil, "fay", } m["fay-bsh"] = { "Bushehri", nil, "fay", } m["fay-dsh"] = { "Dashtaki", nil, "fay", } m["fay-dav"] = { "Davani", 5228140, "fay", } m["fay-eze"] = { "Emamzada Esmaili", nil, "fay", } m["fay-gav"] = { "Gavkoshaki", nil, "fay", } m["fay-kho"] = { "Khollari", nil, "fay", } m["fay-kon"] = { "Kondazi", nil, "fay", } m["fay-kzo"] = { "Old Kazeruni", nil, "fay", } m["fay-mas"] = { "Masarami", nil, "fay", } m["fay-pap"] = { "Papuni", nil, "fay", } m["fay-sam"] = { "Samghani", nil, "fay", } m["fay-shr"] = { "Shirazi", nil, "fay", } m["fay-sho"] = { "Old Shirazi", nil, "fay", } m["fay-sam"] = { "Samghani", nil, "fay", } m["fay-kar"] = { "Khargi", nil, "fay", } m["fay-sor"] = { "Sorkhi", nil, "fay", } -- Talysh lects m["tly-cen"] = { "Central Talysh", nil, "tly", } m["tly-asa"] = { "Asalemi", nil, "tly-cen", } m["tly-kar"] = { "Karganrudi", nil, "tly-cen", } m["tly-tul"] = { "Tularudi", nil, "tly-cen", } m["tly-tal"] = { "Taleshdulabi", nil, "tly-cen", } m["tly-nor"] = { "Northern Talysh", nil, "tly", } m["tly-aze"] = { "Azerbaijani Talysh", nil, "tly-nor", } m["tly-anb"] = { "Anbarani", nil, "tly-nor", } m["tly-sou"] = { "Southern Talysh", nil, "tly", } m["tly-fum"] = { "Fumani", nil, "tly-sou", } m["tly-msu"] = { "Masulei", nil, "tly-sou", } m["tly-msa"] = { "Masali", nil, "tly-sou", } m["tly-san"] = { "Shandarmani", nil, "tly-sou", } -- Tafreshi lects m["xme-amo"] = { "Amorehi", nil, "xme-taf", } m["atn"] = { "Ashtiani", 3436590, "xme-taf", } m["xme-bor"] = { "Borujerdi", nil, "xme-taf", } m["xme-ham"] = { "Hamadani", 6302426, "xme-taf", } m["xme-kah"] = { "Kahaki", nil, "xme-taf", } m["vaf"] = { "Vafsi", 32611, "xme-taf", } -- Kermanic lects m["kfm"] = { "Khunsari", 6403030, "xme-ker", } m["xme-mah"] = { "Mahallati", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-von"] = { "Vonishuni", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-bdr"] = { "Badrudi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-del"] = { "Delijani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-kas"] = { "Kashani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-kes"] = { "Kesehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-mey"] = { "Meymehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["ntz"] = { "Natanzi", 6968399, "xme-ker", } m["xme-abz"] = { "Abuzeydabadi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-aby"] = { "Abyanehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-far"] = { "Farizandi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-jow"] = { "Jowshaqani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-nas"] = { "Nashalji", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-qoh"] = { "Qohrudi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-yar"] = { "Yarandi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["soj"] = { "Soi", 7930463, "xme-ker", aliases = {"Sohi"}, } m["xme-tar"] = { "Tari", nil, "xme-ker", } m["gzi"] = { "Gazi", 5529130, "xme-ker", } m["xme-sed"] = { "Sedehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-ard"] = { "Ardestani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-zef"] = { "Zefrehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-isf"] = { "Isfahani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-kaf"] = { "Kafroni", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-vrz"] = { "Varzenehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-xur"] = { "Khuri", nil, "xme-ker", } m["nyq"] = { "Nayini", 6983146, "xme-ker", } m["xme-ana"] = { "Anaraki", nil, "xme-ker", } m["gbz"] = { "Zoroastrian Dari", 32389, "xme-ker", aliases = {"Behdināni", "Gabri", "Gavrŭni", "Gabrōni"}, } m["xme-krm"] = { "Kermani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-yaz"] = { "Yazdi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-bid"] = { "Bidhandi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-bij"] = { "Bijagani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-cim"] = { "Chimehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-han"] = { "Hanjani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-kom"] = { "Komjani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-nar"] = { "Naraqi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-nus"] = { "Nushabadi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-qal"] = { "Qalhari", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-trh"] = { "Tarehi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-val"] = { "Valujerdi", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-var"] = { "Varani", nil, "xme-ker", } m["xme-zor"] = { "Zori", nil, "xme-ker", } -- Ramandi lects m["tks-ebr"] = { "Ebrahimabadi", nil, "tks", } m["tks-sag"] = { "Sagzabadi", nil, "tks", } m["tks-esf"] = { "Esfarvarini", nil, "tks", } m["tks-tak"] = { "Takestani", nil, "tks", } m["tks-cal"] = { "Chali Tati", nil, "tks", aliases = {"Chāli"}, } m["tks-dan"] = { "Danesfani", nil, "tks", } m["tks-xia"] = { "Khiaraji", nil, "tks", } m["tks-xoz"] = { "Khoznini", nil, "tks", } -- Shughni dialects m["sgh-bro"] = { "Bartangi-Oroshori", nil, "sgh", } m["sgh-bar"] = { "Bartangi", nil, "sgh-bro", } m["sgh-oro"] = { "Oroshori", nil, "sgh-bro", aliases = {"Roshorvi"}, } m["sgh-rsx"] = { "Roshani-Khufi", nil, "sgh", } m["sgh-xuf"] = { "Khufi", 2562249, "sgh-rsx", aliases = {"Xufi", "Xūfī"}, } m["sgh-ros"] = { "Roshani", 2597566, "sgh-rsx", aliases = {"Rushani", "Rōšāni"}, } m["sgh-xgb"] = { "Khughni-Bajui", nil, "sgh", } m["sgh-xug"] = { "Khughni", nil, "sgh-xgb", } m["sgh-baj"] = { "Bajui", nil, "sgh-xgb", } -- Indo-Aryan varieties m["inc-mit"] = { "Mitanni", 1986700, "inc-pro", } m["bra-old"] = { "Old Braj", nil, "bra", } m["gu-kat"] = { "Kathiyawadi", nil, "gu", aliases = {"Kathiyawadi Gujarati", "Kathiawadi"}, } m["gu-lda"] = { "Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati", nil, "gu", aliases = {"Lisan ud-Dawat", "LDA"}, } m["hi-mum"] = { "Bombay Hindi", 3543151, "hi", aliases = {"Mumbai Hindi", "Bambaiyya Hindi"}, } m["hi-mid"] = { "Middle Hindi", nil, "inc-ohi", ancestors = "inc-ohi", } m["pnb"] = { "Western Panjabi", 58635, "pa", "pa-Arab", } m["sa-bhs"] = { "Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit", 248758, "sa", } m["sa-bra"] = { "Brahmanic Sanskrit", 36858, "sa", } m["sa-cls"] = { "Classical Sanskrit", 11059, "sa", } m["sa-neo"] = { "New Sanskrit", 11059, "sa", } m["sa-ved"] = { "Vedic Sanskrit", 36858, "sa", ietf_subtag = "vsn" -- should we make this the actual code? } m["si-med"] = { "Medieval Sinhalese", nil, "si", aliases = {"Medieval Sinhala"}, } m["kok-mid"] = { "Middle Konkani", nil, "kok", aliases = {"Medieval Konkani"}, } m["kok-old"] = { "Old Konkani", nil, "kok", aliases = {"Early Konkani"}, } -- Indian subcontinent languages -- Dhivehi varieties m["dv-mul"] = { "Mulaku Dhivehi", nil, "dv", aliases = {"Mulaku Divehi", "Mulaku Bas"}, } m["dv-huv"] = { "Huvadhu Dhivehi", nil, "dv", aliases = {"Huvadhu Divehi", "Huvadhu Bas"}, } m["dv-add"] = { "Addu Dhivehi", nil, "dv", aliases = {"Addu Divehi", "Addu Bas"}, } -- Dravidian varieties m["ta-mid"] = { "Middle Tamil", 20987434, "ta", } m["kn-hav"] = { "Havigannada", 24276369, "kn", } m["kn-kun"] = { "Kundagannada", 6444255, "kn", } -- Prakrits m["pra-ard"] = { "Ardhamagadhi Prakrit", 35217, "pra", aliases = {"Ardhamagadhi"}, } m["pra-hel"] = { "Helu Prakrit", 15080869, "pra", aliases = {"Elu", "Elu Prakrit", "Helu"}, } m["pra-kha"] = { "Khasa Prakrit", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Khasa"}, } m["pra-mag"] = { "Magadhi Prakrit", -- Not to be confused with Magahi (mag) 2652214, "pra", aliases = {"Magadhi"}, } m["pra-mah"] = { "Maharastri Prakrit", 2586773, "pra", aliases = {"Maharashtri Prakrit", "Maharastri", "Maharashtri"}, } m["pra-pai"] = { "Paisaci Prakrit", 2995607, "pra-sau", aliases = {"Paisaci", "Paisachi"}, ancestors = "pra-sau" } m["pra-sau"] = { "Sauraseni Prakrit", 2452885, "pra", aliases = {"Sauraseni", "Shauraseni"}, } m["pra-ava"] = { "Avanti", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Avanti Prakrit"}, } m["pra-pra"] = { "Pracya", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Pracya Prakrit"}, } m["pra-bah"] = { "Bahliki", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Bahliki Prakrit"}, } m["pra-dak"] = { "Daksinatya", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Daksinatya Prakrit"}, } m["pra-sak"] = { "Sakari", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Sakari Prakrit"}, } m["pra-can"] = { "Candali", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Candali Prakrit"}, } m["pra-sab"] = { "Sabari", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Sabari Prakrit"}, } m["pra-abh"] = { "Abhiri", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Abhiri Prakrit"}, } m["pra-dra"] = { "Dramili", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Dramili Prakrit"}, } m["pra-odr"] = { "Odri", nil, "pra", aliases = {"Odri Prakrit"}, } -- Apabhramsas m["inc-aav"] = { "Avahattha", nil, "inc-apa", aliases = {"Abahattha"}, } m["inc-asa"] = { "Sauraseni Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-apa", } m["inc-agu"] = { "Gurjara Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-apa", } m["inc-aka"] = { "Kasmiri Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-apa", } m["inc-ama"] = { "Maharastri Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-apa", } m["inc-ata"] = { "Takka Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-apa", } m["inc-avr"] = { "Vracada Apabhramsa", nil, "inc-apa", } -- Italian, Latin and other Italic varieties m["roa-oit"] = { "Old Italian", nil, "it", } m["it-CH"] = { "Switzerland Italian", 672147, "it", } -- Latin varieties by period m["itc-ola"] = { "Old Latin", 12289, "la", "Latn, Ital", } m["itc-lan"] = { "Lanuvian", 16890829, "itc-ola", aliases = {"Lanuvine"}, } m["itc-pra"] = { "Praenestine", 16889772, "itc-ola", aliases = {"Praenestinian"}, } m["la-cla"] = { "Classical Latin", 253854, "la", } m["la-vul"] = { "Vulgar Latin", 37560, "la-cla", } m["la-lat"] = { "Late Latin", 1503113, "la", ancestors = "la-cla", } m["la-med"] = { "Medieval Latin", 1163234, "la", ancestors = "la-lat", } m["la-eme"] = { "Early Medieval Latin", nil, "la-med", } m["la-ecc"] = { "Ecclesiastical Latin", 1247932, "la", aliases = {"Church Latin", "Liturgical Latin"}, ancestors = "la-lat", } m["la-ren"] = { "Renaissance Latin", 499083, "la", ancestors = "la-med", } m["la-new"] = { "New Latin", 1248221, "la", aliases = {"Modern Latin"}, ancestors = "la-ren", } m["la-con"] = { "Contemporary Latin", 1246397, "la-new", } m["roa-pro"] = { "Proto-Romance", 3408029, "la-lat", ancestors = "la-vul", } -- other Italic lects m["xfa-cap"] = { "Capenate", 133182969, "xfa", } m["osc-luc"] = { "Lucanian", 3265025, "osc", } m["osc-sam"] = { "Samnite", 133184287, "osc", } -- Malay and related varieties m["ms-old"] = { "Old Malay", nil, "ms", } m["ms-cla"] = { "Classical Malay", nil, "ms", ancestors = "ms-old", } m["pse-bsm"] = { "Besemah", nil, "pse", } m["bew-kot"] = { "Betawi Kota", nil, "bew", } m["bew-ora"] = { "Betawi Ora", nil, "bew", } m["bew-udi"] = { "Betawi Udik", nil, "bew", } -- Mongolic lects m["xng-ear"] = { "Early Middle Mongol", nil, "xng", } m["xng-lat"] = { "Late Middle Mongol", nil, "xng", ancestors = "xng-ear", } m["mn-kha"] = { "Khalkha Mongolian", 6399808, "mn", aliases = {"Khalkha"}, } m["mn-ord"] = { "Ordos Mongolian", 716904, "mn", aliases = {"Ordos"}, } m["mn-cha"] = { "Chakhar Mongolian", 907425, "mn", aliases = {"Chakhar"}, } m["mn-khr"] = { "Khorchin Mongolian", 3196210, "mn", aliases = {"Khorchin"}, } -- Japanese varieties m["ja-mid"] = { "Middle Japanese", 6841474, "ojp", ancestors = "ojp", } m["ja-mid-ear"] = { "Early Middle Japanese", 182695, "ja-mid", } m["ja-mid-lat"] = { "Late Middle Japanese", 1816184, "ja-mid", ancestors = "ja-mid-ear", } m["ja-ear"] = { "Early Modern Japanese", 5326692, "ja", ancestors = "ja-mid-lat", } m["ojp-eas"] = { "Eastern Old Japanese", 65247957, "ojp", } -- Kartvelian varieties m["ka-mid"] = { "Middle Georgian", nil, "ka", ancestors = "oge", } -- Korean varieties m["oko-lat"] = { "ခေတ်နှောင်း ရှေးဟောင်းကိုရီးယား", nil, "oko", } m["okm-ear"] = { "အစောပိုင်း ခေတ်လယ် ကိုရီးယား", nil, "okm", } m["ko-cen"] = { "ဗဟို ကိုရီးယား", nil, "ko", } m["ko-gyg"] = { "Gyeonggi Korean", 485492, "ko-cen", aliases = {"Seoul Korean"}, } m["ko-chu"] = { "Chungcheong Korean", 625800, "ko-cen", aliases = {"Hoseo Korean"}, } m["ko-hwa"] = { "Hwanghae Korean", 16183706, "ko-cen", } m["ko-gan"] = { "Gangwon Korean", 11260444, "ko-cen", aliases = {"Yeongdong Korean"}, } m["ko-gys"] = { "Gyeongsang Korean", 488002, "ko", aliases = {"Southeastern Korean"}, } m["ko-jeo"] = { "Jeolla Korean", 11250166, "ko", aliases = {"Southwestern Korean"}, } m["ko-pyo"] = { "Pyongan Korean", 7263142, "ko", aliases = {"Northwestern Korean"}, } m["ko-ham"] = { "Hamgyong Korean", 860702, "ko", aliases = {"Northeastern Korean"}, } m["ko-yuk"] = { "Yukjin Korean", 16171275, "ko", aliases = {"Yukchin Korean", "Ryukjin Korean", "Ryukchin Korean"}, } -- Occitan varieties m["oc-auv"] = { "Auvergnat", 35359, "oc", aliases = {"Auvernhat", "Auvergnese"}, } m["oc-gas"] = { "Gascon", 35735, "oc", } -- standardized dialect of Gascon m["oc-ara"] = { "Aranese", 10196, "oc-gas", } m["oc-lan"] = { "Languedocien", 942602, "oc", aliases = {"Lengadocian"}, } m["oc-lim"] = { "Limousin", 427614, "oc", } m["oc-pro"] = { "Provençal", 241243, "oc", aliases = {"Provencal"}, } m["oc-pro-old"] = { "Old Provençal", 2779185, "pro", } m["oc-viv"] = { "Vivaro-Alpine", 1649613, "oc", } m["oc-jud"] = { "Shuadit", 56472, "oc", aliases = { "Chouhadite", "Chouhadit", "Chouadite", "Chouadit", "Shuhadit", "Judeo-Occitan", "Judæo-Occitan", "Judaeo-Occitan", "Judeo-Provençal", "Judæo-Provençal", "Judaeo-Provençal", "Judeo-Provencal", "Judaeo-Provencal", "Judeo-Comtadin", "Judæo-Comtadin", "Judaeo-Comtadin", }, } -- Old Tupi varieties m["tpw-lga"] = { "Língua Geral Amazônica", 18275323, "tpw", aliases = {"Língua Geral"}, } -- Oromo varieties m["hae"] = { "Harar Oromo", 5330355, "om", aliases = {"Eastern Oromo"}, } m["gax"] = { "Borana", 2910610, "om", aliases = {"Southern Oromo"}, } m["orc"] = { "Orma", 2919128, "om", } m["ssn"] = { "Waata", 3501553, "om", } -- Phillipine varieties m["tl-old"] = { "Old Tagalog", 12967437, "tl", } m["tl-cls"] = { "Classical Tagalog", nil, "tl", } -- Pre-Roman substrates m["qsb-ibe"] = { "Paleo-Hispanic", 246801, "und", family = "qfa-sub", aliases = {"Palaeo-Hispanic", "Paleohispanic", "Palaeohispanic", "Paleo-Iberian", "Palaeo-Iberian"}, } m["qsb-bal"] = { "Paleo-Balkan", 1815070, "und", family = "qfa-sub", aliases = {"Palaeo-Balkan", "Paleobalkan", "Palaeobalkan"}, } -- Sardinian varieties m["sc-src"] = { "Logudorese", 777974, "sc", aliases = {"Logudorese Sardinian"}, } m["sc-nuo"] = { "Nuorese", nil, "sc-src", aliases = {"Nuorese Sardinian"}, } m["sc-sro"] = { "Campidanese", 35348, "sc", aliases = {"Campidanese Sardinian"}, } -- Rwanda-Rundi varieties m["rw-kin"] = { "Kinyarwanda", 33573, "rw", aliases = {"Rwanda"}, } m["rw-run"] = { "Kirundi", 33583, "rw", aliases = {"Rundi"}, } -- Slavic varieties m["cs-ear"] = { "Early Modern Czech", nil, "cs", ancestors = "zlw-ocs" } m["cu-bgm"] = { "Middle Bulgarian", 12294897, "cu", ancestors = "cu" } m["zle-mru"] = { "Middle Russian", 35228, "ru", "Cyrs", ancestors = "orv", translit = "ru-translit", } m["zle-mbe"] = { "Middle Belarusian", 13211, "zle-ort", } m["zle-muk"] = { "Middle Ukrainian", 13211, "zle-ort", } m["zlw-mpl"] = { "Middle Polish", 402878, "pl", ancestors = "zlw-opl", entry_name = { remove_diacritics = c.acute, remove_exceptions = {"Ć", "ć", "Ń", "ń", "Ó", "ó", "Ś", "ś", "Ź", "ź"}, }, } m["pl-gre"] = { "Greater Polish", 4106789, "pl", } m["pl-les"] = { "Lesser Polish", 361709, "pl", } m["pl-mas"] = { "Masovian Polish", 4274559, "pl", } m["pl-gor"] = { "Goral", 452889, "pl", } m["zle-ops"] = { "Old Pskovian", 4167885, "zle-ono", } -- Serbo-Croatian varieties m["ckm"] = { "Chakavian Serbo-Croatian", 337565, "sh", aliases = {"Čakavian"}, } m["kjv"] = { "Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian", 838165, "sh", } m["sh-tor"] = { -- Linguist code srp-tor "Torlakian Serbo-Croatian", 1078803, "sh", aliases = {"Torlak"}, } -- Tibetic lects m["adx"] = { "Amdo Tibetan", 56509, "bo", } m["kbg"] = { "Khamba", 12952626, "bo", } m["khg"] = { "Khams Tibetan", 56601, "bo", } m["tsk"] = { "Tseku", 11159532, "bo", } -- Tuareg lects m["thv"] = { "Tamahaq", 56703, "tmh", } m["ttq"] = { "Tawellemmet", 56390, "tmh", } m["taq"] = { "Tamasheq", 4670066, "tmh", } m["thz"] = { "Tayert", 56388, "tmh", } m["thv-ght"] = { "Ghat", 47012900, "thv", } -- Turkic lects m["trk-cmn-pro"] = { "Proto-Common Turkic", 1126028, "trk-pro", } m["trk-ogr-pro"] = { "Proto-Oghur", 1422731, "trk-pro", family = "trk-ogr", } m["trk-bul-pro"] = { "Proto-Bulgar", nil, "trk-ogr-pro", } m["trk-ogz-pro"] = { "Proto-Oghuz", 494600, "trk-pro", family = "trk-ogz", aliases = {"Southwestern Common Turkic"}, } m["crh-dbj"] = { "Dobrujan Tatar", 12811566, "crh", aliases = {"Romanian Tatar"}, } m["cv-ana"] = { "Anatri Chuvash", nil, "cv", aliases = {"Anatri", "Lower Chuvash"}, } m["cv-mid"] = { "Middle Chuvash", nil, "cv", ancestors = "cv-old", } m["cv-old"] = { "Old Chuvash", nil, "cv", ancestors = "xbo-vol", } m["cv-vir"] = { "Viryal Chuvash", 4278332, "cv", aliases = {"Viryal", "Upper Chuvash"}, } m["kjh-fyu"] = { "Fuyu Kyrgyz", 2598963, "kjh", aliases = {"Fuyu Kirgiz", "Fuyu Kirghiz", "Manchurian Kyrgyz", "Manchurian Kirgiz", "Manchurian Kirghiz"}, } m["klj-arg"] = { "Arghu", 33455, "klj", ancestors = "trk-cmn-pro", } m["otk-kir"] = { "Old Kirghiz", 83142, "otk", aliases = {"Yenisei Turkic"}, } m["otk-ork"] = { "Orkhon Turkic", 31295480, "otk", } m["qwm-cum"] = { "Cuman", 1075050, "qwm", aliases = {"Kuman", "Polovtsian", "Polovcian"}, } m["qwm-arm"] = { "Armeno-Kipchak", 2027503, "qwm", ancestors = "qwm-cum", aliases = {"Xıpçaχ tili", "Tatarça"}, } m["qwm-mam"] = { "Mamluk-Kipchak", 4279942, "qwm", aliases = {"Mameluk-Kipchak"}, } m["az-cls"] = { "Classical Azerbaijani", nil, "az", aliases = {"Classical Azeri"}, } m["qxq"] = { "Qashqai", 13192, "az", aliases = {"Qaşqay", "Qashqayi", "Kashkai", "Kashkay"}, } m["tr-CY"] = { "Cypriot Turkish", 7917392, "tr", } m["xbo-dan"] = { "Danube Bulgar", nil, "xbo", } m["xbo-vol"] = { "Volga Bulgar", nil, "xbo", } -- Uralic lects m["mns-eas"] = { "Eastern Mansi", 30311755, "mns-cen", } m["mns-wes"] = { "Western Mansi", 30311756, "mns-cen", } -- Other lects m["alv-kro"] = { "Kromanti", 1093206, "crp-mar", } m["bat-pro"] = { "Proto-Baltic", 1703347, "ine-bsl-pro", } m["es-lun"] = { "Lunfardo", 1401612, "es", } m["fiu-pro"] = { "Proto-Finno-Ugric", 79890, "urj-pro", } m["iro-ohu"] = { "Old Wendat", nil, "wdt", } m["iro-omo"] = { "Old Mohawk", nil, "moh", } m["iro-oon"] = { "Old Onondaga", nil, "ono", } m["okz-ang"] = { "Angkorian Old Khmer", nil, "okz", wikipedia_article = "Khmer language#Historical periods", } m["okz-pre"] = { "Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer", nil, "okz", wikipedia_article = "Khmer language#Historical periods", } m["mul-tax"] = { "taxonomic name", 522190, "mul", } m["tai-shz"] = { "Shangsi Zhuang", 13216, "za", } m["tbq-pro"] = { "ရှေးဦး-တိဘက်-ဗမာနွယ်", 7251864, "sit-pro", } m["th-old"] = { "Old Thai", nil, "tai-swe-pro", wikipedia_article = "Thai language#Old Thai", } m["th-suk"] = { "Sukhothai Old Thai", -- 1238-1438. Cannot use "Sukhothai Thai" as Sukhothai is the current city and "Sukhothai Thai" is a lect. nil, "th-old", aliases = {"Sukhothai Siamese"}, wikipedia_article = "Thai language#Old Thai", } m["th-ayu"] = { "Ayutthaya Old Thai", -- 1351-1767. Cannot use "Ayutthaya Thai" as Ayutthaya is the current city. nil, "th-old", aliases = {"Ayutthaya Siamese"}, wikipedia_article = "Thai language#Old Thai", } m["urj-fpr-pro"] = { "Proto-Finno-Permic", nil, "urj-pro", } --[[ m["th-new"] = { "Hacked Thai", -- temporary for testing new translit/display methods nil, "th", translit = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit", display_text = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit", entry_name = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit", preprocess_links = "User:Benwing2/th-scraping-translit", } ]] return require("Module:Wt/rki/languages").finalizeData(m, "language", true) kmqzo7lev927h30o5w268mjllt4rbay 0 3786131 7240271 2026-07-05T15:04:55Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့ကိရွံ့ကာ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n.kìɹʊ̀n.kà/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ဝင့်ကြွားလိုရေ စိတ်နန့်။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # [[Wt/rki/boastfully|boastfully]], [[Wt/rki/proudly|proudly]], Wt/rki/arrogantly|..." 7240271 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့ကိရွံ့ကာ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n.kìɹʊ̀n.kà/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ဝင့်ကြွားလိုရေ စိတ်နန့်။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # [[Wt/rki/boastfully|boastfully]], [[Wt/rki/proudly|proudly]], [[Wt/rki/arrogantly|arrogantly]], with a desire to show off or brag. === ဗမာ === # ဝင့်ကြွားပလွှားလိုသော စိတ်ဖြင့်။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] ftqyk73apbveubh8j9i5sogznjg43l5 10 3786132 7240272 2026-07-05T15:05:04Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/rki/etymology/templates|cognate}}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{Wt/rki/cog|und|test}}{{documentation}} [[fa:الگو:cognate]]</noinclude>" 7240272 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/rki/etymology/templates|cognate}}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{Wt/rki/cog|und|test}}{{documentation}} [[fa:الگو:cognate]]</noinclude> htl31466u6b0ot7rkkkarsgu8znmdcv 0 3786133 7240273 2026-07-05T15:06:41Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့ကီရွံ့ကား === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n.kìɹʊ̀n.kàː/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ကိုယ့်ကိုယ်ကို ဂုဏ်တင်ဝင့်ကြွားလိုရေ စိတ်နန့်။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # Wt/rki/boas..." 7240273 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့ကီရွံ့ကား === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n.kìɹʊ̀n.kàː/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ကိုယ့်ကိုယ်ကို ဂုဏ်တင်ဝင့်ကြွားလိုရေ စိတ်နန့်။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # [[Wt/rki/boastfully|boastfully]], [[Wt/rki/proudly|proudly]], [[Wt/rki/arrogantly|arrogantly]], with a desire to show off or brag. === ဗမာ === # မိမိကိုယ်ကို ဂုဏ်တင်ပလွှားလိုသော စိတ်ဖြင့်။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 9hmw4wv32ityahdix6mv1p43pjza166 0 3786134 7240276 2026-07-05T15:10:39Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့တီရွံ့တွန့် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n.tíɹʊ̀n.tʊ̰ɴ/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # အီးအီးသက်သာ ရွိရုံမျှ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # [[Wt/rki/slowly|slowly]], [[Wt/rki/sluggishly|sluggishly]], leisurely, or..." 7240276 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့တီရွံ့တွန့် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n.tíɹʊ̀n.tʊ̰ɴ/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # အီးအီးသက်သာ ရွိရုံမျှ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # [[Wt/rki/slowly|slowly]], [[Wt/rki/sluggishly|sluggishly]], leisurely, or barely moving. === ဗမာ === # ဖြည်းဖြည်းသက်သာ ရွေ့ရုံမျှ။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] sw6mtdrpkdi8zv13vy4jb1vemjk57f3 14 3786135 7240278 2026-07-05T15:14:00Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Created page with "[[Category:Wt/rki/ပင်မကဏ္ဍ]]" 7240278 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/ပင်မကဏ္ဍ]] jxy6zmi9f5m1fpw49yneuf9drw30w7o 7240698 7240278 2026-07-06T07:35:35Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 [[d:Q33661559]] သို့ အင်တာဝီကီလင့်ခ်တိ ထည့်ခြင်း 7240698 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wt/rki/ပင်မကဏ္ဍ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q33661559}} bpg4hkij1vym449sgzs5fy5sy4y9wwl 0 3786136 7240279 2026-07-05T15:14:18Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့ပီရွံ့ပါး === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n.píɹʊ̀n.pà:/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ခန္ဓာကိုယ်ကို စိကေ လူးလွန့်ပနာ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # [[Wt/rki/writhedly|writhedly]], Wt/rki/squirmingly|squirm..." 7240279 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့ပီရွံ့ပါး === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n.píɹʊ̀n.pà:/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ခန္ဓာကိုယ်ကို စိကေ လူးလွန့်ပနာ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # [[Wt/rki/writhedly|writhedly]], [[Wt/rki/squirmingly|squirmingly]], twisting and turning the body slightly. === ဗမာ === # ကိုယ်ခန္ဓာကို အတန်ငယ် လူးလွန့်လျက်။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 27dhh2lpscxr52vwfy21cy6ql8x8pyw 0 3786137 7240280 2026-07-05T15:16:57Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့ရွံ့ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n.ɹʊ̀n./}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # မဝံ့မရဲ။ တွန့်ဆုတ် တွန့်ဆုတ်။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # [[Wt/rki/hesitantly|hesitantly]], [[Wt/rki/timidly|timidly]], reluctantly, or shrinking..." 7240280 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့ရွံ့ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n.ɹʊ̀n./}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # မဝံ့မရဲ။ တွန့်ဆုတ် တွန့်ဆုတ်။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # [[Wt/rki/hesitantly|hesitantly]], [[Wt/rki/timidly|timidly]], reluctantly, or shrinking back with indecision. === ဗမာ === # မဝံ့မရဲ။ တွန့်ဆုတ် ဆိုင်းတွလျက်။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] fgubeqregbnejdky2wxacy1h4yiaw3p 0 3786138 7240282 2026-07-05T15:19:31Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့ရွံ့တွန့်တွန့် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n.ɹʊ̀n.tʊ̰ɴtʊ̰ɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # မဝံ့မရဲ။ တွန့်ဆုတ် တွန့်ဆုတ်။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # [[Wt/rki/hesitancy|hesitancy]], [[Wt/rki/timidity|timidity]], reluctance, shyness, or..." 7240282 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွံ့ရွံ့တွန့်တွန့် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀n.ɹʊ̀n.tʊ̰ɴtʊ̰ɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # မဝံ့မရဲ။ တွန့်ဆုတ် တွန့်ဆုတ်။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # [[Wt/rki/hesitancy|hesitancy]], [[Wt/rki/timidity|timidity]], reluctance, shyness, or the state of shrinking back with indecision. === ဗမာ === # မဝံ့မရဲ။ ရှက်ရွံ့လျက်။ တွန့်ဆုတ်လျက်။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] bdaysn1ibx7et7hwyxr4ixhp7n9hql3 828 3786139 7240283 2026-07-05T15:19:35Z Sree1959 2594881 மோட்யூல் உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7240283 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Message box configuration -- -- -- -- This module contains configuration data for [[Module:Message box]]. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- return { ambox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'ambox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'ambox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'ambox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'ambox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'ambox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'ambox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'ambox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', allowBlankParams = {'talk', 'sect', 'date', 'issue', 'fix', 'subst', 'hidden'}, allowSmall = true, smallParam = 'left', smallClass = 'mbox-small-left', substCheck = true, classes = {'metadata', 'ambox'}, imageEmptyCell = true, imageCheckBlank = true, imageSmallSize = '20x20px', imageCellDiv = true, useCollapsibleTextFields = true, imageRightNone = true, sectionDefault = 'article', allowMainspaceCategories = true, templateCategory = 'Page message templates', templateCategoryRequireName = true, templateErrorCategory = 'Page message templates with missing parameters', templateErrorParamsToCheck = {'issue', 'fix', 'subst'}, removalNotice = '<small>[[w:Help:Maintenance template removal|Learn how and when to remove this message]]</small>', templatestyles = 'Module:Wy/ta/Message box/ambox.css' }, cmbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'cmbox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'cmbox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'cmbox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'cmbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'cmbox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'cmbox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'cmbox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'cmbox'}, imageEmptyCell = true, templatestyles = 'Module:Wy/ta/Message box/cmbox.css' }, fmbox = { types = { warning = { class = 'fmbox-warning', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, editnotice = { class = 'fmbox-editnotice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' }, system = { class = 'fmbox-system', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'system', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'fmbox'}, imageEmptyCell = false, imageRightNone = false, templatestyles = 'Module:Wy/ta/Message box/fmbox.css' }, imbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'imbox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'imbox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'imbox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'imbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'imbox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'imbox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, license = { class = 'imbox-license licensetpl', image = 'Imbox-license.svg' }, ["license-related"] = { class = 'imbox-license', image = 'Imbox-license.svg' }, featured = { class = 'imbox-featured', image = 'Cscr-featured.svg', imageNeedsLink = true }, notice = { class = 'imbox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'imbox'}, imageEmptyCell = true, below = true, templateCategory = 'File message boxes', templatestyles = 'Module:Wy/ta/Message box/imbox.css' }, ombox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'ombox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'ombox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'ombox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'ombox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'ombox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'ombox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'ombox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'ombox'}, allowSmall = true, imageEmptyCell = true, imageRightNone = true, templatestyles = 'Module:Wy/ta/Message box/ombox.css' }, tmbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'tmbox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'tmbox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'tmbox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'tmbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'tmbox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'tmbox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'tmbox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'tmbox'}, allowSmall = true, imageRightNone = true, imageEmptyCell = true, templateCategory = 'Talk message boxes', templatestyles = 'Module:Message box/tmbox.css' } } algpirn2jwx4r6xhmffj9ei9vskcpq5 10 3786140 7240284 2026-07-05T15:19:38Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Created page with "{{#invoke:Wt/rki/character info|show<noinclude>|0xfffd</noinclude>}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>{{#if:{{{Wt/rki/image|}}}|[[Category:Wt/rki/character info/new with image]]}}" 7240284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Wt/rki/character info|show<noinclude>|0xfffd</noinclude>}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>{{#if:{{{Wt/rki/image|}}}|[[Category:Wt/rki/character info/new with image]]}} sumacji1y97pjstwlodncxhn3jh0pmu 828 3786141 7240287 2026-07-05T15:22:55Z Sree1959 2594881 மோட்யூல் உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7240287 sanitized-css text/css .ombox { margin: 4px 0; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; /* Default "notice" gray */ background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--color-base, #202122); } /* For the "small=yes" option. */ .ombox.mbox-small { font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.25em; } .ombox-speedy { border: 2px solid #b32424; /* Red */ background-color: #fee7e6; /* Pink */ } .ombox-delete { border: 2px solid #b32424; /* Red */ } .ombox-content { border: 1px solid #f28500; /* Orange */ } .ombox-style { border: 1px solid #fc3; /* Yellow */ } .ombox-move { border: 1px solid #9932cc; /* Purple */ } .ombox-protection { border: 2px solid #a2a9b1; /* Gray-gold */ } .ombox .mbox-text { border: none; /* @noflip */ padding: 0.25em 0.9em; width: 100%; } .ombox .mbox-image { border: none; /* @noflip */ padding: 2px 0 2px 0.9em; text-align: center; } .ombox .mbox-imageright { border: none; /* @noflip */ padding: 2px 0.9em 2px 0; text-align: center; } /* An empty narrow cell */ .ombox .mbox-empty-cell { border: none; padding: 0; width: 1px; } .ombox .mbox-invalid-type { text-align: center; } @media (min-width: 720px) { .ombox { margin: 4px 10%; } .ombox.mbox-small { /* @noflip */ clear: right; /* @noflip */ float: right; /* @noflip */ margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 238px; } } /** T367463 */ body.skin--responsive table.ombox img { max-width: none !important; } @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .ombox-speedy { background-color: #310402; /* Dark red, same hue/saturation as light */ } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .ombox-speedy { background-color: #310402; /* Dark red, same hue/saturation as light */ } } 5gv8lkpvzcasyypj8kwtvyoliam8iq0 828 3786142 7240290 2026-07-05T15:29:05Z Sree1959 2594881 மோட்யூல் உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7240290 Scribunto text/plain -- This module produces hatnote links and links to related articles. It -- implements the {{Wy/ta/Hatnote}} and {{Wy/ta/Format link}} meta-templates and includes -- helper functions for other Lua hatnote modules. local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeForNamedArg = libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg local mArguments -- lazily initialise [[Module:Wy/ta/Arguments]] local yesno -- lazily initialise [[Module:Wy/ta/Yesno]] local formatLink -- lazily initialise [[Module:Wy/ta/Format link]] ._formatLink local p = {} -- Helper functions local function getArgs(frame) -- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and -- blanks are removed. mArguments = require('Module:Wy/ta/Arguments') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end local function removeInitialColon(s) -- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end function p.defaultClasses(inline) -- Provides the default hatnote classes as a space-separated string; useful -- for hatnote-manipulation modules like [[Module:Hatnote group]]. return (inline == 1 and 'hatnote-inline' or 'hatnote') .. ' ' .. 'navigation-not-searchable' end function p.disambiguate(page, disambiguator) -- Formats a page title with a disambiguation parenthetical, -- i.e. "Example" → "Example (disambiguation)". checkType('disambiguate', 1, page, 'string') checkType('disambiguate', 2, disambiguator, 'string', true) disambiguator = disambiguator or 'disambiguation' return mw.ustring.format('%s (%s)', page, disambiguator) end function p.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon) -- Finds the namespace id (namespace number) of a link or a pagename. This -- function will not work if the link is enclosed in double brackets. Colons -- are trimmed from the start of the link by default. To skip colon -- trimming, set the removeColon parameter to false. checkType('findNamespaceId', 1, link, 'string') checkType('findNamespaceId', 2, removeColon, 'boolean', true) if removeColon ~= false then link = removeInitialColon(link) end local namespace = link:match('^(.-):') if namespace then local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[namespace] if nsTable then return nsTable.id end end return 0 end function p.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory, title) -- Formats an error message to be returned to wikitext. If -- addTrackingCategory is not false after being returned from -- [[Module:Wy/ta/Yesno]], and if we are not on a talk page, a tracking category -- is added. checkType('makeWikitextError', 1, msg, 'string') checkType('makeWikitextError', 2, helpLink, 'string', true) yesno = require('Module:Wy/ta/Yesno') title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Make the help link text. local helpText if helpLink then helpText = ' ([[' .. helpLink .. '|help]])' else helpText = '' end -- Make the category text. local category if not title.isTalkPage -- Don't categorise talk pages and title.namespace ~= 2 -- Don't categorise userspace and yesno(addTrackingCategory) ~= false -- Allow opting out then category = 'Hatnote templates with errors' category = mw.ustring.format( '[[%s:%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, category ) else category = '' end return mw.ustring.format( '<strong class="error">Error: %s%s.</strong>%s', msg, helpText, category ) end local curNs = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace p.missingTargetCat = -- Default missing target category, exported for use in related modules ((curNs == 0) or (curNs == 14)) and 'Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page' or nil function p.quote(title) -- Wraps titles in quotation marks. If the title starts/ends with a -- quotation mark, kerns that side as with {{-'}} local quotationMarks = { ["'"]=true, ['"']=true, ['“']=true, ["‘"]=true, ['”']=true, ["’"]=true } local quoteLeft, quoteRight = -- Test if start/end are quotation marks quotationMarks[string.sub(title, 1, 1)], quotationMarks[string.sub(title, -1, -1)] if quoteLeft or quoteRight then title = mw.html.create("span"):wikitext(title) end if quoteLeft then title:css("padding-left", "0.15em") end if quoteRight then title:css("padding-right", "0.15em") end return '"' .. tostring(title) .. '"' end -- Hatnote: Produces standard hatnote text. Implements the {{Wy/ta/Hatnote}} template. function p.hatnote(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local s = args[1] if not s then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no text specified', 'Template:Wy/ta/Hatnote#Errors', args.category ) end return p._hatnote(s, { extraclasses = args.extraclasses, selfref = args.selfref }) end function p._hatnote(s, options) checkType('_hatnote', 1, s, 'string') checkType('_hatnote', 2, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} local inline = options.inline local hatnote = mw.html.create(inline == 1 and 'span' or 'div') local extraclasses if type(options.extraclasses) == 'string' then extraclasses = options.extraclasses end hatnote :attr('role', 'note') :addClass(p.defaultClasses(inline)) :addClass(extraclasses) :addClass(options.selfref and 'selfref' or nil) :wikitext(s) return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Wy/ta/Hatnote/styles.css' } } .. tostring(hatnote) end return p 5fl26hkw3bcujnab4k4yw2en4linyhv 828 3786143 7240291 2026-07-05T15:31:02Z Sree1959 2594881 மோட்யூல் உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7240291 sanitized-css text/css .hatnote { font-style: italic; } /* Limit structure CSS to divs because of [[Module:Wy/ta/Hatnote inline]] */ div.hatnote { margin-bottom: 0.5em; /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; } .hatnote i { font-style: normal; } /** The templatestyles element inserts a link element before hatnotes. * TODO: Remove link if/when WMF resolves T200206 */ .hatnote + link + .hatnote { margin-top: -0.5em; } @media print { .ns-0 .hatnote { display: none !important; } } md0uc9sguocwgqz6af2ecv39bff6iy1 3 3786144 7240294 2026-07-05T15:32:27Z Rsjaffe 1118943 Rsjaffe moved page [[User talk:Renamed user 7ac1f43d306d4b5f596ea383293c4226]] to [[User talk:Nyxaros]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 7ac1f43d306d4b5f596ea383293c4226|Renamed user 7ac1f43d306d4b5f596ea383293c4226]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Nyxaros|Nyxaros]]" 7240294 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:Nyxaros]] llllpkchic7t2zezbxndia0bs2ksncg 828 3786145 7240297 2026-07-05T15:34:32Z Sree1959 2594881 மோட்யூல் உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7240297 Scribunto text/plain -- This module produces and formats lists for use in hatnotes. In particular, it -- implements the for-see list, i.e. lists of "For X, see Y" statements, as used -- in {{Wy/ta/About}} and {{Wy/ta/Redirect}}, and their variants. Also introduced are -- andList & orList helpers for formatting lists with those conjunctions. local mArguments --initialize lazily local mFormatLink = require('Module:Wy/ta/Format link') local mHatnote = require('Module:Wy/ta/Hatnote') local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local p = {} -- List stringification helper functions -- These functions are used for stringifying lists, usually page lists inside -- the "Y" portion of "For X, see Y" for-see items. Starting by defining the -- default options table used across the list stringification functions. local stringifyListDefaultOptions = { conjunction = "and", separator = ",", altSeparator = ";", space = " ", formatted = false } --Searches display text only local function searchDisp(haystack, needle) return string.find( string.sub(haystack, (string.find(haystack, '|') or 0) + 1), needle ) end -- Stringifies a list generically; probably shouldn't be used directly local function stringifyList(list, options) -- Type-checks, defaults, and a shortcut checkType("stringifyList", 1, list, "table") if #list == 0 then return nil end checkType("stringifyList", 2, options, "table", true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(stringifyListDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end local s = options.space -- Format the list if requested if options.formatted then list = mFormatLink.formatPages( {categorizeMissing = mHatnote.missingTargetCat}, list ) end -- Set the separator; if any item contains it, use the alternate separator local separator = options.separator for k, v in pairs(list) do if searchDisp(v, separator) then separator = options.altSeparator break end end -- Set the conjunction, apply Oxford comma, and force a comma if #1 has "§" local conjunction = s .. options.conjunction .. s if #list == 2 and searchDisp(list[1], "§") or #list > 2 then conjunction = separator .. conjunction end -- Return the formatted string return mw.text.listToText(list, separator .. s, conjunction) end -- DRY function function p.conjList (conj, list, fmt) return stringifyList(list, {conjunction = conj, formatted = fmt}) end -- Stringifies lists with "and" or "or" function p.andList (...) return p.conjList("and", ...) end function p.orList (...) return p.conjList("or", ...) end -- For see -- Makes a "For X, see [[Y]]." list from raw parameters. Intended for the -- {{Wy/ta/About}} and {{Wy/ta/Redirect}} templates and their variants. Starting by defining -- the default options table used across the forSee family of functions. local forSeeDefaultOptions = { andKeyword = 'and', title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, otherText = 'other uses', forSeeForm = 'For %s, see %s.', } -- Collapses duplicate punctuation at end of string, ignoring italics and links. local function punctuationCollapse (text) return text:match("[.?!]('?)%1(%]?)%2%.$") and text:sub(1, -2) or text end -- Structures arguments into a table for stringification, & options function p.forSeeArgsToTable (args, from, options) -- Type-checks and defaults checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 1, args, 'table') checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 2, from, 'number', true) from = from or 1 checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 3, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(forSeeDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- maxArg's gotten manually because getArgs() and table.maxn aren't friends local maxArg = 0 for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' and k > maxArg then maxArg = k end end -- Structure the data out from the parameter list: -- * forTable is the wrapper table, with forRow rows -- * Rows are tables of a "use" string & a "pages" table of pagename strings -- * Blanks are left empty for defaulting elsewhere, but can terminate list local forTable = {} local i = from local terminated = false -- If there is extra text, and no arguments are given, give nil value -- to not produce default of "For other uses, see foo (disambiguation)" if options.extratext and i > maxArg then return nil end -- Loop to generate rows repeat -- New empty row local forRow = {} -- On blank use, assume list's ended & break at end of this loop forRow.use = args[i] if not args[i] then terminated = true end -- New empty list of pages forRow.pages = {} -- Insert first pages item if present table.insert(forRow.pages, args[i + 1]) -- If the param after next is "and", do inner loop to collect params -- until the "and"'s stop. Blanks are ignored: "1|and||and|3" → {1, 3} while args[i + 2] == options.andKeyword do if args[i + 3] then table.insert(forRow.pages, args[i + 3]) end -- Increment to next "and" i = i + 2 end -- Increment to next use i = i + 2 -- Append the row table.insert(forTable, forRow) until terminated or i > maxArg return forTable end -- Stringifies a table as formatted by forSeeArgsToTable function p.forSeeTableToString (forSeeTable, options) -- Type-checks and defaults checkType("forSeeTableToString", 1, forSeeTable, "table", true) checkType("forSeeTableToString", 2, options, "table", true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(forSeeDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- Stringify each for-see item into a list local strList = {} if forSeeTable then for k, v in pairs(forSeeTable) do local useStr = v.use or options.otherText local pagesStr = p.andList(v.pages, true) or mFormatLink._formatLink{ categorizeMissing = mHatnote.missingTargetCat, link = mHatnote.disambiguate(options.title) } local forSeeStr = string.format(options.forSeeForm, useStr, pagesStr) forSeeStr = punctuationCollapse(forSeeStr) table.insert(strList, forSeeStr) end end if options.extratext then table.insert(strList, punctuationCollapse(options.extratext..'.')) end -- Return the concatenated list return table.concat(strList, ' ') end -- Produces a "For X, see [[Wy/ta/Y]]" string from arguments. Expects index gaps but -- not blank/whitespace values. Ignores named args and args < "from". function p._forSee (args, from, options) local forSeeTable = p.forSeeArgsToTable(args, from, options) return p.forSeeTableToString(forSeeTable, options) end -- As _forSee, but uses the frame. function p.forSee (frame, from, options) mArguments = require('Module:Wy/ta/Arguments') return p._forSee(mArguments.getArgs(frame), from, options) end return p ftm213wjsocqwvnv1evlxdhnh31vjs7 0 3786146 7240300 2026-07-05T15:36:45Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ́ɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # တုပ်ချိုင် ဆွဲဆိုင်းထားရန် လိမ်ကျစ်ထားရေ ကြိုး။ # တဖက်နှင့်တဖက် အားပြိုင်လို့ ဆွဲရေ ကြိုး။ #: ''"ရထား..." 7240300 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ́ɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # တုပ်ချိုင် ဆွဲဆိုင်းထားရန် လိမ်ကျစ်ထားရေ ကြိုး။ # တဖက်နှင့်တဖက် အားပြိုင်လို့ ဆွဲရေ ကြိုး။ #: ''"ရထားသူကြီး၊ ရွန် မပီး၊ ရွန် ပီးလို့ပင်၊ မငင်ချင်"'' (တေး) # ဟိသင့်၊ ပြုသင့်၊ ပြောသင့်စွာထက် ပိုရေ။ #: ''"မင်းစကားပြောစွာ ရွန် (လွန်)ရေ"'' (အရပ်) # ဖီဆန်ရေ။ ပယ်ရေ။ #: ''"မိဘကို ရွန် ဆန် မပြောရ"'' (အရပ်) # ဖြတ်သန်း ကူးမြောက်တေ။ #: ''"တံထားကို ရွန် (လွန်) ပြီးမှ"'' (အရပ်) # အချိန်ကာလ ကုန်ဆုံးရေ။ #: ''"နှစ်ရက် ရွန်် မြောက်၊ သုံးရက်ရောက်က"'' #: ''"ပန်းပွင့် ရွန် ကေ၊ ပန်သူများ၊ အရွယ် ရွန်ကေ ယူသူရှား၊ ရွန်ရေ ပန်းကို ဘုရားတင်လို့မရ"'' (အရပ်) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # A [[Wt/rki/rope|rope]] or cord (made of twisted strands for binding or suspension). # A [[Wt/rki/tug-of-war|tug-of-war]] rope; a rope used for pulling or contesting strength. # To [[Wt/rki/exceed|exceed]], surpass, or go beyond the proper limit (excessive). # To [[Wt/rki/disobey|disobey]], defy, or object to. # To [[Wt/rki/cross|cross]], pass over, or transit. # To [[Wt/rki/expire|expire]], elapse, or pass away (of time or lifespan). === ဗမာ === # တုပ်ချည် ဆွဲဆိုင်းထားရန် လိမ်ကျစ်ထားသော ကြိုး။ # တစ်ဘက်နှင့်တစ်ဘက် အားပြိုင်၍ ဆွဲသောကြိုး။ #: ''"ရထားသူကြီး၊ ရွန် မပီး၊ ရွန် ပီးလို့ပင်၊ မငင်ချင်"'' (တေး) # ရှိသင့်၊ ပြုသင့်၊ ပြောသင့်သည်ထက် ပိုကဲသည်။ #: ''"မင်းစကားပြောစွာ ရွန် (လွန်)ရေ"'' (အရပ်) # ဖီဆန်သည်။ ပယ်သည်။ #: ''"မိဘကို ရွန် ဆန် မပြောရ"'' (အရပ်) # ဖြတ်သန်း ကူးမြောက်သည်။ #: ''"တံထားကို ရွန် (လွန်) ပြီးမှ"'' (အရပ်) # အချိန်ကာလ ကုန်ရွေ့သည်။ #: ''"နှစ်ရက် ရွန်် မြောက်၊ သုံးရက်ရောက်က"'' #: ''"ပန်းပွင့် ရွန် ကေ၊ ပန်သူများ၊ အရွယ် ရွန်ကေ ယူသူရှား၊ ရွန်ရေ ပန်းကို ဘုရားတင်လို့မရ"'' (အရပ်) === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # လက်ကိုင်ကောက် ထိပ်ဖူးနန့် ဖိပြီး အသွားရစ်လည်ပနာ ဝင်အောင်လှည့်ဖောက်ရရေ ကိရိယာ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # An [[Wt/rki/auger|auger]], [[Wt/rki/gimlet|gimlet]], or brace-and-bit drill (a hand tool used for boring holes). === ဗမာ === # လက်ကိုင်ကောက် ထိပ်ဖူးဖြင့် ဖိ၍ အသွားရစ်လည်၍ ဝင်အောင်လှည့်ဖောက်ရသော ကိရိယာ။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 7sc9ykt5yn8jzneb0y0zwiiz9shrvei 828 3786147 7240303 2026-07-05T15:42:54Z Sree1959 2594881 மோட்யூல் உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7240303 Scribunto text/plain -- This module provides easy processing of arguments passed to Scribunto from -- #invoke. It is intended for use by other Lua modules, and should not be -- called from #invoke directly. local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local arguments = {} -- Generate four different tidyVal functions, so that we don't have to check the -- options every time we call it. local function tidyValDefault(key, val) if type(val) == 'string' then val = val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') if val == '' then return nil else return val end else return val end end local function tidyValTrimOnly(key, val) if type(val) == 'string' then return val:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') else return val end end local function tidyValRemoveBlanksOnly(key, val) if type(val) == 'string' then if val:find('%S') then return val else return nil end else return val end end local function tidyValNoChange(key, val) return val end local function matchesTitle(given, title) local tp = type( given ) return (tp == 'string' or tp == 'number') and mw.title.new( given ).prefixedText == title end local translate_mt = { __index = function(t, k) return k end } function arguments.getArgs(frame, options) checkType('getArgs', 1, frame, 'table', true) checkType('getArgs', 2, options, 'table', true) frame = frame or {} options = options or {} --[[ -- Set up argument translation. --]] options.translate = options.translate or {} if getmetatable(options.translate) == nil then setmetatable(options.translate, translate_mt) end if options.backtranslate == nil then options.backtranslate = {} for k,v in pairs(options.translate) do options.backtranslate[v] = k end end if options.backtranslate and getmetatable(options.backtranslate) == nil then setmetatable(options.backtranslate, { __index = function(t, k) if options.translate[k] ~= k then return nil else return k end end }) end --[[ -- Get the argument tables. If we were passed a valid frame object, get the -- frame arguments (fargs) and the parent frame arguments (pargs), depending -- on the options set and on the parent frame's availability. If we weren't -- passed a valid frame object, we are being called from another Lua module -- or from the debug console, so assume that we were passed a table of args -- directly, and assign it to a new variable (luaArgs). --]] local fargs, pargs, luaArgs if type(frame.args) == 'table' and type(frame.getParent) == 'function' then if options.wrappers then --[[ -- The wrappers option makes Module:Arguments look up arguments in -- either the frame argument table or the parent argument table, but -- not both. This means that users can use either the #invoke syntax -- or a wrapper template without the loss of performance associated -- with looking arguments up in both the frame and the parent frame. -- Module:Arguments will look up arguments in the parent frame -- if it finds the parent frame's title in options.wrapper; -- otherwise it will look up arguments in the frame object passed -- to getArgs. --]] local parent = frame:getParent() if not parent then fargs = frame.args else local title = parent:getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '') local found = false if matchesTitle(options.wrappers, title) then found = true elseif type(options.wrappers) == 'table' then for _,v in pairs(options.wrappers) do if matchesTitle(v, title) then found = true break end end end -- We test for false specifically here so that nil (the default) acts like true. if found or options.frameOnly == false then pargs = parent.args end if not found or options.parentOnly == false then fargs = frame.args end end else -- options.wrapper isn't set, so check the other options. if not options.parentOnly then fargs = frame.args end if not options.frameOnly then local parent = frame:getParent() pargs = parent and parent.args or nil end end if options.parentFirst then fargs, pargs = pargs, fargs end else luaArgs = frame end -- Set the order of precedence of the argument tables. If the variables are -- nil, nothing will be added to the table, which is how we avoid clashes -- between the frame/parent args and the Lua args. local argTables = {fargs} argTables[#argTables + 1] = pargs argTables[#argTables + 1] = luaArgs --[[ -- Generate the tidyVal function. If it has been specified by the user, we -- use that; if not, we choose one of four functions depending on the -- options chosen. This is so that we don't have to call the options table -- every time the function is called. --]] local tidyVal = options.valueFunc if tidyVal then if type(tidyVal) ~= 'function' then error( "bad value assigned to option 'valueFunc'" .. '(function expected, got ' .. type(tidyVal) .. ')', 2 ) end elseif options.trim ~= false then if options.removeBlanks ~= false then tidyVal = tidyValDefault else tidyVal = tidyValTrimOnly end else if options.removeBlanks ~= false then tidyVal = tidyValRemoveBlanksOnly else tidyVal = tidyValNoChange end end --[[ -- Set up the args, metaArgs and nilArgs tables. args will be the one -- accessed from functions, and metaArgs will hold the actual arguments. Nil -- arguments are memoized in nilArgs, and the metatable connects all of them -- together. --]] local args, metaArgs, nilArgs, metatable = {}, {}, {}, {} setmetatable(args, metatable) local function mergeArgs(tables) --[[ -- Accepts multiple tables as input and merges their keys and values -- into one table. If a value is already present it is not overwritten; -- tables listed earlier have precedence. We are also memoizing nil -- values, which can be overwritten if they are 's' (soft). --]] for _, t in ipairs(tables) do for key, val in pairs(t) do if metaArgs[key] == nil and nilArgs[key] ~= 'h' then local tidiedVal = tidyVal(key, val) if tidiedVal == nil then nilArgs[key] = 's' else metaArgs[key] = tidiedVal end end end end end --[[ -- Define metatable behaviour. Arguments are memoized in the metaArgs table, -- and are only fetched from the argument tables once. Fetching arguments -- from the argument tables is the most resource-intensive step in this -- module, so we try and avoid it where possible. For this reason, nil -- arguments are also memoized, in the nilArgs table. Also, we keep a record -- in the metatable of when pairs and ipairs have been called, so we do not -- run pairs and ipairs on the argument tables more than once. We also do -- not run ipairs on fargs and pargs if pairs has already been run, as all -- the arguments will already have been copied over. --]] metatable.__index = function (t, key) --[[ -- Fetches an argument when the args table is indexed. First we check -- to see if the value is memoized, and if not we try and fetch it from -- the argument tables. When we check memoization, we need to check -- metaArgs before nilArgs, as both can be non-nil at the same time. -- If the argument is not present in metaArgs, we also check whether -- pairs has been run yet. If pairs has already been run, we return nil. -- This is because all the arguments will have already been copied into -- metaArgs by the mergeArgs function, meaning that any other arguments -- must be nil. --]] if type(key) == 'string' then key = options.translate[key] end local val = metaArgs[key] if val ~= nil then return val elseif metatable.donePairs or nilArgs[key] then return nil end for _, argTable in ipairs(argTables) do local argTableVal = tidyVal(key, argTable[key]) if argTableVal ~= nil then metaArgs[key] = argTableVal return argTableVal end end nilArgs[key] = 'h' return nil end metatable.__newindex = function (t, key, val) -- This function is called when a module tries to add a new value to the -- args table, or tries to change an existing value. if type(key) == 'string' then key = options.translate[key] end if options.readOnly then error( 'could not write to argument table key "' .. tostring(key) .. '"; the table is read-only', 2 ) elseif options.noOverwrite and args[key] ~= nil then error( 'could not write to argument table key "' .. tostring(key) .. '"; overwriting existing arguments is not permitted', 2 ) elseif val == nil then --[[ -- If the argument is to be overwritten with nil, we need to erase -- the value in metaArgs, so that __index, __pairs and __ipairs do -- not use a previous existing value, if present; and we also need -- to memoize the nil in nilArgs, so that the value isn't looked -- up in the argument tables if it is accessed again. --]] metaArgs[key] = nil nilArgs[key] = 'h' else metaArgs[key] = val end end local function translatenext(invariant) local k, v = next(invariant.t, invariant.k) invariant.k = k if k == nil then return nil elseif type(k) ~= 'string' or not options.backtranslate then return k, v else local backtranslate = options.backtranslate[k] if backtranslate == nil then -- Skip this one. This is a tail call, so this won't cause stack overflow return translatenext(invariant) else return backtranslate, v end end end metatable.__pairs = function () -- Called when pairs is run on the args table. if not metatable.donePairs then mergeArgs(argTables) metatable.donePairs = true end return translatenext, { t = metaArgs } end local function inext(t, i) -- This uses our __index metamethod local v = t[i + 1] if v ~= nil then return i + 1, v end end metatable.__ipairs = function (t) -- Called when ipairs is run on the args table. return inext, t, 0 end return args end return arguments 5qx9tzlul9ser30uxj9nbasjt92cevn 828 3786148 7240306 2026-07-05T15:48:41Z Sree1959 2594881 மோட்யூல் உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7240306 Scribunto text/plain -- Convert a value from one unit of measurement to another. -- Example: {{convert|123|lb|kg}} --> 123 pounds (56 kg) -- See [[:en:Template:Convert/Transwiki guide]] if copying to another wiki. local MINUS = '−' -- Unicode U+2212 MINUS SIGN (UTF-8: e2 88 92) local abs = math.abs local floor = math.floor local format = string.format local log10 = math.log10 local ustring = mw.ustring local ulen = ustring.len local usub = ustring.sub -- Configuration options to keep magic values in one location. -- Conversion data and message text are defined in separate modules. local config, maxsigfig local numdot -- must be '.' or ',' or a character which works in a regex local numsep, numsep_remove, numsep_remove2 local data_code, all_units local text_code local varname -- can be a code to use variable names that depend on value local from_en_table -- to translate an output string of en digits to local language local to_en_table -- to translate an input string of digits in local language to en -- Use translation_table in convert/text to change the following. local en_default -- true uses lang=en unless convert has lang=local or local digits local group_method = 3 -- code for how many digits are in a group local per_word = 'per' -- for units like "liters per kilometer" local plural_suffix = 's' -- only other useful value is probably '' to disable plural unit names local omitsep -- true to omit separator before local symbol/name -- All units should be defined in the data module. However, to cater for quick changes -- and experiments, any unknown unit is looked up in an extra data module, if it exists. -- That module would be transcluded in only a small number of pages, so there should be -- little server overhead from making changes, and changes should propagate quickly. local extra_module -- name of module with extra units local extra_units -- nil or table of extra units from extra_module -- Some options in the invoking template can set variables used later in the module. local currency_text -- for a user-defined currency symbol: {{convert|12|$/ha|$=€}} (euro replaces dollar) local function from_en(text) -- Input is a string representing a number in en digits with '.' decimal mark, -- without digit grouping (which is done just after calling this). -- Return the translation of the string with numdot and digits in local language. if numdot ~= '.' then text = text:gsub('%.', numdot) end if from_en_table then text = text:gsub('%d', from_en_table) end return text end local function to_en(text) -- Input is a string representing a number in the local language with -- an optional numdot decimal mark and numsep digit grouping. -- Return the translation of the string with '.' mark and en digits, -- and no separators (they have to be removed here to handle cases like -- numsep = '.' and numdot = ',' with input "1.234.567,8"). if to_en_table then text = ustring.gsub(text, '%d', to_en_table) end if numsep_remove then text = text:gsub(numsep_remove, '') end if numsep_remove2 then text = text:gsub(numsep_remove2, '') end if numdot ~= '.' then text = text:gsub(numdot, '.') end return text end local function decimal_mark(text) -- Return ',' if text probably is using comma for decimal mark, or has no decimal mark. -- Return '.' if text probably is using dot for decimal mark. -- Otherwise return nothing (decimal mark not known). if not text:find('[.,]') then return ',' end text = text:gsub('^%-', ''):gsub('%+%d+/%d+$', ''):gsub('[Ee]%-?%d+$', '') local decimal = text:match('^0?([.,])%d+$') or text:match('%d([.,])%d?%d?$') or text:match('%d([.,])%d%d%d%d+$') if decimal then return decimal end if text:match('%.%d+%.') then return ',' end if text:match('%,%d+,') then return '.' end end local add_warning, with_separator -- forward declarations local function to_en_with_check(text, parms) -- Version of to_en() for a wiki using numdot = ',' and numsep = '.' to check -- text (an input number as a string) which might have been copied from enwiki. -- For example, in '1.234' the '.' could be a decimal mark or a group separator. -- From viwiki. if to_en_table then text = ustring.gsub(text, '%d', to_en_table) end if decimal_mark(text) == '.' then local original = text text = text:gsub(',', '') -- for example, interpret "1,234.5" as an enwiki value if parms then add_warning(parms, 0, 'cvt_enwiki_num', original, with_separator({}, text)) end else if numsep_remove then text = text:gsub(numsep_remove, '') end if numsep_remove2 then text = text:gsub(numsep_remove2, '') end if numdot ~= '.' then text = text:gsub(numdot, '.') end end return text end local function omit_separator(id) -- Return true if there should be no separator before id (a unit symbol or name). -- For zhwiki, there should be no separator if id uses local characters. -- The following kludge should be a sufficient test. if omitsep then if id:sub(1, 2) == '-{' then -- for "-{...}-" content language variant return true end if id:byte() > 127 then local first = usub(id, 1, 1) if first ~= 'Å' and first ~= '°' and first ~= 'µ' then return true end end end return id:sub(1, 1) == '/' -- no separator before units like "/ha" end local spell_module -- name of module that can spell numbers local speller -- function from that module to handle spelling (set if needed) local wikidata_module, wikidata_data_module -- names of Wikidata modules local wikidata_code, wikidata_data -- exported tables from those modules (set if needed) local function set_config(args) -- Set configuration options from template #invoke or defaults. config = args maxsigfig = config.maxsigfig or 14 -- maximum number of significant figures local data_module, text_module local sandbox = config.sandbox and ('/' .. config.sandbox) or '' data_module = "Module:Wy/ta/Convert/data" .. sandbox text_module = "Module:Wy/ta/Convert/text" .. sandbox extra_module = "Module:Wy/ta/Convert/extra" .. sandbox wikidata_module = "Module:Wy/ta/Convert/wikidata" .. sandbox wikidata_data_module = "Module:Wy/ta/Convert/wikidata/data" .. sandbox spell_module = "Module:Wy/ta/ConvertNumeric" data_code = mw.loadData(data_module) text_code = mw.loadData(text_module) all_units = data_code.all_units local translation = text_code.translation_table if translation then numdot = translation.numdot numsep = translation.numsep if numdot == ',' and numsep == '.' then if text_code.all_messages.cvt_enwiki_num then to_en = to_en_with_check end end if translation.group then group_method = translation.group end if translation.per_word then per_word = translation.per_word end if translation.plural_suffix then plural_suffix = translation.plural_suffix end varname = translation.varname from_en_table = translation.from_en local use_workaround = true if use_workaround then -- 2013-07-05 workaround bug by making a copy of the required table. -- mw.ustring.gsub fails with a table (to_en_table) as the replacement, -- if the table is accessed via mw.loadData. local source = translation.to_en if source then to_en_table = {} for k, v in pairs(source) do to_en_table[k] = v end end else to_en_table = translation.to_en end if translation.lang == 'en default' then en_default = true -- for hiwiki end omitsep = translation.omitsep -- for zhwiki end numdot = config.numdot or numdot or '.' -- decimal mark before fractional digits numsep = config.numsep or numsep or ',' -- group separator for numbers -- numsep should be ',' or '.' or '' or '&nbsp;' or a Unicode character. -- numsep_remove must work in a regex to identify separators to be removed. if numsep ~= '' then numsep_remove = (numsep == '.') and '%.' or numsep end if numsep ~= ',' and numdot ~= ',' then numsep_remove2 = ',' -- so numbers copied from enwiki will work end end local function collection() -- Return a table to hold items. return { n = 0, add = function (self, item) self.n = self.n + 1 self[self.n] = item end, } end local function divide(numerator, denominator) -- Return integers quotient, remainder resulting from dividing the two -- given numbers, which should be unsigned integers. local quotient, remainder = floor(numerator / denominator), numerator % denominator if not (0 <= remainder and remainder < denominator) then -- Floating point limits may need this, as in {{convert|160.02|Ym|ydftin}}. remainder = 0 end return quotient, remainder end local function split(text, delimiter) -- Return a numbered table with fields from splitting text. -- The delimiter is used in a regex without escaping (for example, '.' would fail). -- Each field has any leading/trailing whitespace removed. local t = {} text = text .. delimiter -- to get last item for item in text:gmatch('%s*(.-)%s*' .. delimiter) do table.insert(t, item) end return t end local function strip(text) -- If text is a string, return its content with no leading/trailing -- whitespace. Otherwise return nil (a nil argument gives a nil result). if type(text) == 'string' then return text:match("^%s*(.-)%s*$") end end local function table_len(t) -- Return length (<100) of a numbered table to replace #t which is -- documented to not work if t is accessed via mw.loadData(). for i = 1, 100 do if t[i] == nil then return i - 1 end end end local function wanted_category(catkey, catsort, want_warning) -- Return message category if it is wanted in current namespace, -- otherwise return ''. local cat local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title then local nsdefault = '0' -- default namespace: '0' = article; '0,10' = article and template local namespace = title.namespace for _, v in ipairs(split(config.nscat or nsdefault, ',')) do if namespace == tonumber(v) then cat = text_code.all_categories[want_warning and 'warning' or catkey] if catsort and catsort ~= '' and cat:sub(-2) == ']]' then cat = cat:sub(1, -3) .. '|' .. mw.text.nowiki(usub(catsort, 1, 20)) .. ']]' end break end end end return cat or '' end local function message(parms, mcode, is_warning) -- Return wikitext for an error message, including category if specified -- for the message type. -- mcode = numbered table specifying the message: -- mcode[1] = 'cvt_xxx' (string used as a key to get message info) -- mcode[2] = 'parm1' (string to replace '$1' if any in message) -- mcode[3] = 'parm2' (string to replace '$2' if any in message) -- mcode[4] = 'parm3' (string to replace '$3' if any in message) local msg if type(mcode) == 'table' then if mcode[1] == 'cvt_no_output' then -- Some errors should cause convert to output an empty string, -- for example, for an optional field in an infobox. return '' end msg = text_code.all_messages[mcode[1]] end parms.have_problem = true local function subparm(fmt, ...) local rep = {} for i, v in ipairs({...}) do rep['$' .. i] = v end return (fmt:gsub('$%d+', rep)) end if msg then local parts = {} local regex, replace = msg.regex, msg.replace for i = 1, 3 do local limit = 40 local s = mcode[i + 1] if s then if regex and replace then s = s:gsub(regex, replace) limit = nil -- allow long "should be" messages end -- Escape user input so it does not break the message. -- To avoid tags (like {{convert|1<math>23</math>|m}}) breaking -- the mouseover title, any strip marker starting with char(127) is -- replaced with '...' (text not needing i18n). local append local pos = s:find(string.char(127), 1, true) if pos then append = '...' s = s:sub(1, pos - 1) end if limit and ulen(s) > limit then s = usub(s, 1, limit) append = '...' end s = mw.text.nowiki(s) .. (append or '') else s = '?' end parts['$' .. i] = s end local function ispreview() -- Return true if a prominent message should be shown. if parms.test == 'preview' or parms.test == 'nopreview' then -- For testing, can preview a real message or simulate a preview -- when running automated tests. return parms.test == 'preview' end local success, revid = pcall(function () return (parms.frame):preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') end) return success and (revid == '') end local want_warning = is_warning and not config.warnings and -- show unobtrusive warnings if config.warnings not configured not msg.nowarn -- but use msg settings, not standard warning, if specified local title = string.gsub(msg[1] or 'Missing message', '$%d+', parts) local text = want_warning and '*' or msg[2] or 'Missing message' local cat = wanted_category(msg[3], mcode[2], want_warning) local anchor = msg[4] or '' local fmtkey = ispreview() and 'cvt_format_preview' or (want_warning and 'cvt_format2' or msg.format or 'cvt_format') local fmt = text_code.all_messages[fmtkey] or 'convert: bug' return subparm(fmt, title:gsub('"', '&quot;'), text, cat, anchor) end return 'Convert internal error: unknown message' end function add_warning(parms, level, key, text1, text2) -- for forward declaration above -- If enabled, add a warning that will be displayed after the convert result. -- A higher level is more verbose: more kinds of warnings are displayed. -- To reduce output noise, only the first warning is displayed. if level <= (tonumber(config.warnings) or 1) then if parms.warnings == nil then parms.warnings = message(parms, { key, text1, text2 }, true) end end end local function spell_number(parms, inout, number, numerator, denominator) -- Return result of spelling (number, numerator, denominator), or -- return nil if spelling is not available or not supported for given text. -- Examples (each value must be a string or nil): -- number numerator denominator output -- ------ --------- ----------- ------------------- -- "1.23" nil nil one point two three -- "1" "2" "3" one and two thirds -- nil "2" "3" two thirds if not speller then local function get_speller(module) return require(module).spell_number end local success success, speller = pcall(get_speller, spell_module) if not success or type(speller) ~= 'function' then add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_no_spell', 'spell') return nil end end local case if parms.spell_upper == inout then case = true parms.spell_upper = nil -- only uppercase first word in a multiple unit end local sp = not parms.opt_sp_us local adj = parms.opt_adjectival return speller(number, numerator, denominator, case, sp, adj) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- BEGIN: Code required only for built-in units. -- LATER: If need much more code, move to another module to simplify this module. local function speed_of_sound(altitude) -- This is for the Mach built-in unit of speed. -- Return speed of sound in metres per second at given altitude in feet. -- If no altitude given, use default (zero altitude = sea level). -- Table gives speed of sound in miles per hour at various altitudes: -- altitude = -17,499 to 302,499 feet -- mach_table[a + 4] = s where -- a = (altitude / 5000) rounded to nearest integer (-3 to 60) -- s = speed of sound (mph) at that altitude -- LATER: Should calculate result from an interpolation between the next -- lower and higher altitudes in table, rather than rounding to nearest. -- From: http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/atmosphere/q0112.shtml local mach_table = { -- a = 799.5, 787.0, 774.2, 761.207051, -- -3 to 0 748.0, 734.6, 721.0, 707.0, 692.8, 678.3, 663.5, 660.1, 660.1, 660.1, -- 1 to 10 660.1, 660.1, 660.1, 662.0, 664.3, 666.5, 668.9, 671.1, 673.4, 675.6, -- 11 to 20 677.9, 683.7, 689.9, 696.0, 702.1, 708.1, 714.0, 719.9, 725.8, 731.6, -- 21 to 30 737.3, 737.7, 737.7, 736.2, 730.5, 724.6, 718.8, 712.9, 707.0, 701.1, -- 31 to 40 695.0, 688.9, 682.8, 676.6, 670.4, 664.1, 657.8, 652.9, 648.3, 643.7, -- 41 to 50 639.1, 634.4, 629.6, 624.8, 620.0, 615.2, 613.2, 613.2, 613.2, 613.5, -- 51 to 60 } altitude = altitude or 0 local a = (altitude < 0) and -altitude or altitude a = floor(a / 5000 + 0.5) if altitude < 0 then a = -a end if a < -3 then a = -3 elseif a > 60 then a = 60 end return mach_table[a + 4] * 0.44704 -- mph converted to m/s end -- END: Code required only for built-in units. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ local function get_range(word) -- Return a range (string or table) corresponding to word (like "to"), -- or return nil if not a range word. local ranges = text_code.ranges return ranges.types[word] or ranges.types[ranges.aliases[word]] end local function check_mismatch(unit1, unit2) -- If unit1 cannot be converted to unit2, return an error message table. -- This allows conversion between units of the same type, and between -- Nm (normally torque) and ftlb (energy), as in gun-related articles. -- This works because Nm is the base unit (scale = 1) for both the -- primary type (torque), and the alternate type (energy, where Nm = J). -- A match occurs if the primary types are the same, or if unit1 matches -- the alternate type of unit2, and vice versa. That provides a whitelist -- of which conversions are permitted between normally incompatible types. if unit1.utype == unit2.utype or (unit1.utype == unit2.alttype and unit1.alttype == unit2.utype) then return nil end return { 'cvt_mismatch', unit1.utype, unit2.utype } end local function override_from(out_table, in_table, fields) -- Copy the specified fields from in_table to out_table, but do not -- copy nil fields (keep any corresponding field in out_table). for _, field in ipairs(fields) do if in_table[field] then out_table[field] = in_table[field] end end end local function shallow_copy(t) -- Return a shallow copy of table t. -- Do not need the features and overhead of the Scribunto mw.clone(). local result = {} for k, v in pairs(t) do result[k] = v end return result end local unit_mt = { -- Metatable to get missing values for a unit that does not accept SI prefixes. -- Warning: The boolean value 'false' is returned for any missing field -- so __index is not called twice for the same field in a given unit. __index = function (self, key) local value if key == 'name1' or key == 'sym_us' then value = self.symbol elseif key == 'name2' then value = self.name1 .. plural_suffix elseif key == 'name1_us' then value = self.name1 if not rawget(self, 'name2_us') then -- If name1_us is 'foot', do not make name2_us by appending plural_suffix. self.name2_us = self.name2 end elseif key == 'name2_us' then local raw1_us = rawget(self, 'name1_us') if raw1_us then value = raw1_us .. plural_suffix else value = self.name2 end elseif key == 'link' then value = self.name1 else value = false end rawset(self, key, value) return value end } local function prefixed_name(unit, name, index) -- Return unit name with SI prefix inserted at correct position. -- index = 1 (name1), 2 (name2), 3 (name1_us), 4 (name2_us). -- The position is a byte (not character) index, so use Lua's sub(). local pos = rawget(unit, 'prefix_position') if type(pos) == 'string' then pos = tonumber(split(pos, ',')[index]) end if pos then return name:sub(1, pos - 1) .. unit.si_name .. name:sub(pos) end return unit.si_name .. name end local unit_prefixed_mt = { -- Metatable to get missing values for a unit that accepts SI prefixes. -- Before use, fields si_name, si_prefix must be defined. -- The unit must define _symbol, _name1 and -- may define _sym_us, _name1_us, _name2_us -- (_sym_us, _name2_us may be defined for a language using sp=us -- to refer to a variant unrelated to U.S. units). __index = function (self, key) local value if key == 'symbol' then value = self.si_prefix .. self._symbol elseif key == 'sym_us' then value = rawget(self, '_sym_us') if value then value = self.si_prefix .. value else value = self.symbol end elseif key == 'name1' then value = prefixed_name(self, self._name1, 1) elseif key == 'name2' then value = rawget(self, '_name2') if value then value = prefixed_name(self, value, 2) else value = self.name1 .. plural_suffix end elseif key == 'name1_us' then value = rawget(self, '_name1_us') if value then value = prefixed_name(self, value, 3) else value = self.name1 end elseif key == 'name2_us' then value = rawget(self, '_name2_us') if value then value = prefixed_name(self, value, 4) elseif rawget(self, '_name1_us') then value = self.name1_us .. plural_suffix else value = self.name2 end elseif key == 'link' then value = self.name1 else value = false end rawset(self, key, value) return value end } local unit_per_mt = { -- Metatable to get values for a per unit of form "x/y". -- This is never called to determine a unit name or link because per units -- are handled as a special case. -- Similarly, the default output is handled elsewhere, and for a symbol -- this is only called from get_default() for default_exceptions. __index = function (self, key) local value if key == 'symbol' then local per = self.per local unit1, unit2 = per[1], per[2] if unit1 then value = unit1[key] .. '/' .. unit2[key] else value = '/' .. unit2[key] end elseif key == 'sym_us' then value = self.symbol elseif key == 'scale' then local per = self.per local unit1, unit2 = per[1], per[2] value = (unit1 and unit1.scale or 1) * self.scalemultiplier / unit2.scale else value = false end rawset(self, key, value) return value end } local function make_per(unitcode, unit_table, ulookup) -- Return true, t where t is a per unit with unit codes expanded to unit tables, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. local result = { unitcode = unitcode, utype = unit_table.utype, per = {} } override_from(result, unit_table, { 'invert', 'iscomplex', 'default', 'link', 'symbol', 'symlink' }) result.symbol_raw = (result.symbol or false) -- to distinguish between a defined exception and a metatable calculation local prefix for i, v in ipairs(unit_table.per) do if i == 1 and v == '' then -- First unit symbol can be empty; that gives a nil first unit table. elseif i == 1 and text_code.currency[v] then prefix = currency_text or v else local success, t = ulookup(v) if not success then return false, t end result.per[i] = t end end local multiplier = unit_table.multiplier if not result.utype then -- Creating an automatic per unit. local unit1 = result.per[1] local utype = (unit1 and unit1.utype or prefix or '') .. '/' .. result.per[2].utype local t = data_code.per_unit_fixups[utype] if t then if type(t) == 'table' then utype = t.utype or utype result.link = result.link or t.link multiplier = multiplier or t.multiplier else utype = t end end result.utype = utype end result.scalemultiplier = multiplier or 1 result.vprefix = prefix or false -- set to non-nil to avoid calling __index return true, setmetatable(result, unit_per_mt) end local function lookup(parms, unitcode, what, utable, fails, depth) -- Return true, t where t is a copy of the unit's converter table, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. -- Parameter 'what' determines whether combination units are accepted: -- 'no_combination' : single unit only -- 'any_combination' : single unit or combination or output multiple -- 'only_multiple' : single unit or output multiple only -- Parameter unitcode is a symbol (like 'g'), with an optional SI prefix (like 'kg'). -- If, for example, 'kg' is in this table, that entry is used; -- otherwise the prefix ('k') is applied to the base unit ('g'). -- If unitcode is a known combination code (and if allowed by what), -- a table of output multiple unit tables is included in the result. -- For compatibility with the old template, an underscore in a unitcode is -- replaced with a space so usage like {{convert|350|board_feet}} works. -- Wikignomes may also put two spaces or "&nbsp;" in combinations, so -- replace underscore, "&nbsp;", and multiple spaces with a single space. utable = utable or parms.unittable or all_units fails = fails or {} depth = depth and depth + 1 or 1 if depth > 9 then -- There are ways to mistakenly define units which result in infinite -- recursion when lookup() is called. That gives a long delay and very -- confusing error messages, so the depth parameter is used as a guard. return false, { 'cvt_lookup', unitcode } end if unitcode == nil or unitcode == '' then return false, { 'cvt_no_unit' } end unitcode = unitcode:gsub('_', ' '):gsub('&nbsp;', ' '):gsub(' +', ' ') local function call_make_per(t) return make_per(unitcode, t, function (ucode) return lookup(parms, ucode, 'no_combination', utable, fails, depth) end ) end local t = utable[unitcode] if t then if t.shouldbe then return false, { 'cvt_should_be', t.shouldbe } end if t.sp_us then parms.opt_sp_us = true end local target = t.target -- nil, or unitcode is an alias for this target if target then local success, result = lookup(parms, target, what, utable, fails, depth) if not success then return false, result end override_from(result, t, { 'customary', 'default', 'link', 'symbol', 'symlink' }) local multiplier = t.multiplier if multiplier then result.multiplier = tostring(multiplier) result.scale = result.scale * multiplier end return true, result end if t.per then return call_make_per(t) end local combo = t.combination -- nil or a table of unitcodes if combo then local multiple = t.multiple if what == 'no_combination' or (what == 'only_multiple' and not multiple) then return false, { 'cvt_bad_unit', unitcode } end -- Recursively create a combination table containing the -- converter table of each unitcode. local result = { utype = t.utype, multiple = multiple, combination = {} } local cvt = result.combination for i, v in ipairs(combo) do local success, t = lookup(parms, v, multiple and 'no_combination' or 'only_multiple', utable, fails, depth) if not success then return false, t end cvt[i] = t end return true, result end local result = shallow_copy(t) result.unitcode = unitcode if result.prefixes then result.si_name = '' result.si_prefix = '' return true, setmetatable(result, unit_prefixed_mt) end return true, setmetatable(result, unit_mt) end local SIprefixes = text_code.SIprefixes for plen = SIprefixes[1] or 2, 1, -1 do -- Look for an SI prefix; should never occur with an alias. -- Check for longer prefix first ('dam' is decametre). -- SIprefixes[1] = prefix maximum #characters (as seen by mw.ustring.sub). local prefix = usub(unitcode, 1, plen) local si = SIprefixes[prefix] if si then local t = utable[usub(unitcode, plen+1)] if t and t.prefixes then local result = shallow_copy(t) result.unitcode = unitcode result.si_name = parms.opt_sp_us and si.name_us or si.name result.si_prefix = si.prefix or prefix result.scale = t.scale * 10 ^ (si.exponent * t.prefixes) return true, setmetatable(result, unit_prefixed_mt) end end end -- Accept user-defined combinations like "acre+m2+ha" or "acre m2 ha" for output. -- If '+' is used, each unit code can include a space, and any error is fatal. -- If ' ' is used and if each space-separated word is a unit code, it is a combo, -- but errors are not fatal so the unit code can be looked up as an extra unit. local err_is_fatal local combo = collection() if unitcode:find('+', 1, true) then err_is_fatal = true for item in (unitcode .. '+'):gmatch('%s*(.-)%s*%+') do if item ~= '' then combo:add(item) end end elseif unitcode:find('%s') then for item in unitcode:gmatch('%S+') do combo:add(item) end end if combo.n > 1 then local function lookup_combo() if what == 'no_combination' or what == 'only_multiple' then return false, { 'cvt_bad_unit', unitcode } end local result = { combination = {} } local cvt = result.combination for i, v in ipairs(combo) do local success, t = lookup(parms, v, 'only_multiple', utable, fails, depth) if not success then return false, t end if i == 1 then result.utype = t.utype else local mismatch = check_mismatch(result, t) if mismatch then return false, mismatch end end cvt[i] = t end return true, result end local success, result = lookup_combo() if success or err_is_fatal then return success, result end end -- Accept any unit with an engineering notation prefix like "e6cuft" -- (million cubic feet), but not chained prefixes like "e3e6cuft", -- and not if the unit is a combination or multiple, -- and not if the unit has an offset or is a built-in. -- Only en digits are accepted. local exponent, baseunit = unitcode:match('^e(%d+)(.*)') if exponent then local engscale = text_code.eng_scales[exponent] if engscale then local success, result = lookup(parms, baseunit, 'no_combination', utable, fails, depth) if success and not (result.offset or result.builtin or result.engscale) then result.unitcode = unitcode -- 'e6cuft' not 'cuft' result.defkey = unitcode -- key to lookup default exception result.engscale = engscale result.scale = result.scale * 10 ^ tonumber(exponent) return true, result end end end -- Look for x/y; split on right-most slash to get scale correct (x/y/z is x/y per z). local top, bottom = unitcode:match('^(.-)/([^/]+)$') if top and not unitcode:find('e%d') then -- If valid, create an automatic per unit for an "x/y" unit code. -- The unitcode must not include extraneous spaces. -- Engineering notation (apart from at start and which has been stripped before here), -- is not supported so do not make a per unit if find text like 'e3' in unitcode. local success, result = call_make_per({ per = {top, bottom} }) if success then return true, result end end if not parms.opt_ignore_error and not get_range(unitcode) then -- Want the "what links here" list for the extra_module to show only cases -- where an extra unit is used, so do not require it if invoked from {{val}} -- or if looking up a range word which cannot be a unit. if not extra_units then local success, extra = pcall(function () return require(extra_module).extra_units end) if success and type(extra) == 'table' then extra_units = extra end end if extra_units then -- A unit in one data table might refer to a unit in the other table, so -- switch between them, relying on fails or depth to terminate loops. if not fails[unitcode] then fails[unitcode] = true local other = (utable == all_units) and extra_units or all_units local success, result = lookup(parms, unitcode, what, other, fails, depth) if success then return true, result end end end end if to_en_table then -- At fawiki it is common to translate all digits so a unit like "km2" becomes "km۲". local en_code = ustring.gsub(unitcode, '%d', to_en_table) if en_code ~= unitcode then return lookup(parms, en_code, what, utable, fails, depth) end end return false, { 'cvt_unknown', unitcode } end local function valid_number(num) -- Return true if num is a valid number. -- In Scribunto (different from some standard Lua), when expressed as a string, -- overflow or other problems are indicated with text like "inf" or "nan" -- which are regarded as invalid here (each contains "n"). if type(num) == 'number' and tostring(num):find('n', 1, true) == nil then return true end end local function hyphenated(name, parts) -- Return a hyphenated form of given name (for adjectival usage). -- The name may be linked and the target of the link must not be changed. -- Hypothetical examples: -- [[long ton|ton]] → [[long ton|ton]] (no change) -- [[tonne|long ton]] → [[tonne|long-ton]] -- [[metric ton|long ton]] → [[metric ton|long-ton]] -- [[long ton]] → [[long ton|long-ton]] -- Input can also have multiple links in a single name like: -- [[United States customary units|U.S.]] [[US gallon|gallon]] -- [[mile]]s per [[United States customary units|U.S.]] [[quart]] -- [[long ton]]s per [[short ton]] -- Assume that links cannot be nested (never like "[[abc[[def]]ghi]]"). -- This uses a simple and efficient procedure that works for most cases. -- Some units (if used) would require more, and can later think about -- adding a method to handle exceptions. -- The procedure is to replace each space with a hyphen, but -- not a space after ')' [for "(pre-1954&nbsp;US) nautical mile"], and -- not spaces immediately before '(' or in '(...)' [for cases like -- "British thermal unit (ISO)" and "Calorie (International Steam Table)"]. if name:find(' ', 1, true) then if parts then local pos if name:sub(1, 1) == '(' then pos = name:find(')', 1, true) if pos then return name:sub(1, pos+1) .. name:sub(pos+2):gsub(' ', '-') end elseif name:sub(-1) == ')' then pos = name:find('(', 1, true) if pos then return name:sub(1, pos-2):gsub(' ', '-') .. name:sub(pos-1) end end return name:gsub(' ', '-') end parts = collection() for before, item, after in name:gmatch('([^[]*)(%[%[[^[]*%]%])([^[]*)') do if item:find(' ', 1, true) then local prefix local plen = item:find('|', 1, true) if plen then prefix = item:sub(1, plen) item = item:sub(plen + 1, -3) else prefix = item:sub(1, -3) .. '|' item = item:sub(3, -3) end item = prefix .. hyphenated(item, parts) .. ']]' end parts:add(before:gsub(' ', '-') .. item .. after:gsub(' ', '-')) end if parts.n == 0 then -- No link like "[[...]]" was found in the original name. parts:add(hyphenated(name, parts)) end return table.concat(parts) end return name end local function hyphenated_maybe(parms, want_name, sep, id, inout) -- Return s, f where -- s = id, possibly modified -- f = true if hyphenated -- Possible modifications: hyphenate; prepend '-'; append mid text. if id == nil or id == '' then return '' end local mid = (inout == (parms.opt_flip and 'out' or 'in')) and parms.mid or '' if want_name then if parms.opt_adjectival then return '-' .. hyphenated(id) .. mid, true end if parms.opt_add_s and id:sub(-1) ~= 's' then id = id .. 's' -- for nowiki end end return sep .. id .. mid end local function use_minus(text) -- Return text with Unicode minus instead of '-', if present. if text:sub(1, 1) == '-' then return MINUS .. text:sub(2) end return text end local function digit_groups(parms, text, method) -- Return a numbered table of groups of digits (left-to-right, in local language). -- Parameter method is a number or nil: -- 3 for 3-digit grouping (default), or -- 2 for 3-then-2 grouping (only for digits before decimal mark). local len_right local len_left = text:find('.', 1, true) if len_left then len_right = #text - len_left len_left = len_left - 1 else len_left = #text end local twos = method == 2 and len_left > 5 local groups = collection() local run = len_left local n if run < 4 or (run == 4 and parms.opt_comma5) then if parms.opt_gaps then n = run else n = #text end elseif twos then n = run % 2 == 0 and 1 or 2 else n = run % 3 == 0 and 3 or run % 3 end while run > 0 do groups:add(n) run = run - n n = (twos and run > 3) and 2 or 3 end if len_right then if groups.n == 0 then groups:add(0) end if parms.opt_gaps and len_right > 3 then local want4 = not parms.opt_gaps3 -- true gives no gap before trailing single digit local isfirst = true run = len_right while run > 0 do n = (want4 and run == 4) and 4 or (run > 3 and 3 or run) if isfirst then isfirst = false groups[groups.n] = groups[groups.n] + 1 + n else groups:add(n) end run = run - n end else groups[groups.n] = groups[groups.n] + 1 + len_right end end local pos = 1 for i, length in ipairs(groups) do groups[i] = from_en(text:sub(pos, pos + length - 1)) pos = pos + length end return groups end function with_separator(parms, text) -- for forward declaration above -- Input text is a number in en digits with optional '.' decimal mark. -- Return an equivalent, formatted for display: -- with a custom decimal mark instead of '.', if wanted -- with thousand separators inserted, if wanted -- digits in local language -- The given text is like '123' or '123.' or '12345.6789'. -- The text has no sign (caller inserts that later, if necessary). -- When using gaps, they are inserted before and after the decimal mark. -- Separators are inserted only before the decimal mark. -- A trailing dot (as in '123.') is removed because their use appears to -- be accidental, and such a number should be shown as '123' or '123.0'. -- It is useful for convert to suppress the dot so, for example, '4000.' -- is a simple way of indicating that all the digits are significant. if text:sub(-1) == '.' then text = text:sub(1, -2) end if #text < 4 or parms.opt_nocomma or numsep == '' then return from_en(text) end local groups = digit_groups(parms, text, group_method) if parms.opt_gaps then if groups.n <= 1 then return groups[1] or '' end local nowrap = '<span style="white-space: nowrap">' local gap = '<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">' local close = '</span>' return nowrap .. groups[1] .. gap .. table.concat(groups, close .. gap, 2, groups.n) .. close .. close end return table.concat(groups, numsep) end -- An input value like 1.23e12 is displayed using scientific notation (1.23×10¹²). -- That also makes the output use scientific notation, except for small values. -- In addition, very small or very large output values use scientific notation. -- Use format(fmtpower, significand, '10', exponent) where each argument is a string. local fmtpower = '%s<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>%s^%s' local function with_exponent(parms, show, exponent) -- Return wikitext to display the implied value in scientific notation. -- Input uses en digits; output uses digits in local language. return format(fmtpower, with_separator(parms, show), from_en('10'), use_minus(from_en(tostring(exponent)))) end local function make_sigfig(value, sigfig) -- Return show, exponent that are equivalent to the result of -- converting the number 'value' (where value >= 0) to a string, -- rounded to 'sigfig' significant figures. -- The returned items are: -- show: a string of digits; no sign and no dot; -- there is an implied dot before show. -- exponent: a number (an integer) to shift the implied dot. -- Resulting value = tonumber('.' .. show) * 10^exponent. -- Examples: -- make_sigfig(23.456, 3) returns '235', 2 (.235 * 10^2). -- make_sigfig(0.0023456, 3) returns '235', -2 (.235 * 10^-2). -- make_sigfig(0, 3) returns '000', 1 (.000 * 10^1). if sigfig <= 0 then sigfig = 1 elseif sigfig > maxsigfig then sigfig = maxsigfig end if value == 0 then return string.rep('0', sigfig), 1 end local exp, fracpart = math.modf(log10(value)) if fracpart >= 0 then fracpart = fracpart - 1 exp = exp + 1 end local digits = format('%.0f', 10^(fracpart + sigfig)) if #digits > sigfig then -- Overflow (for sigfig=3: like 0.9999 rounding to "1000"; need "100"). digits = digits:sub(1, sigfig) exp = exp + 1 end assert(#digits == sigfig, 'Bug: rounded number has wrong length') return digits, exp end -- Fraction output format. local fracfmt = { { -- Like {{frac}} (fraction slash). -- 1/2 : sign, numerator, denominator -- 1+2/3 : signed_wholenumber, numerator, denominator '<span class="frac nowrap">%s^%s&frasl;_%s</span>', '<span class="frac nowrap">%s<span class="visualhide">&nbsp;</span>^%s&frasl;_%s</span>', }, { -- Like {{sfrac}} (fraction horizontal bar). -- 1//2 : sign, numerator, denominator (sign should probably be before the fraction, but then it can wrap, and html is already too long) -- 1+2//3 : signed_wholenumber, numerator, denominator '<span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;">%s%s</span><span class="visualhide">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">%s</span></span>', '<span class="sfrac nowrap">%s<span class="visualhide">&nbsp;</span><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;">%s</span><span class="visualhide">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">%s</span></span></span>', }, } local function format_fraction(parms, inout, negative, wholestr, numstr, denstr, do_spell, style) -- Return wikitext for a fraction, possibly spelled. -- Inputs use en digits and have no sign; output uses digits in local language. local wikitext if not style then style = parms.opt_fraction_horizontal and 2 or 1 end if wholestr == '' then wholestr = nil end if wholestr then local decorated = with_separator(parms, wholestr) if negative then decorated = MINUS .. decorated end local fmt = fracfmt[style][2] wikitext = format(fmt, decorated, from_en(numstr), from_en(denstr)) else local sign = negative and MINUS or '' wikitext = format(fracfmt[style][1], sign, from_en(numstr), from_en(denstr)) end if do_spell then if negative then if wholestr then wholestr = '-' .. wholestr else numstr = '-' .. numstr end end wikitext = spell_number(parms, inout, wholestr, numstr, denstr) or wikitext end return wikitext end local function format_number(parms, show, exponent, isnegative) -- Parameter show is a string or a table containing strings. -- Each string is a formatted number in en digits and optional '.' decimal mark. -- A table represents a fraction: integer, numerator, denominator; -- if a table is given, exponent must be nil. -- Return t where t is a table with fields: -- show = wikitext formatted to display implied value -- (digits in local language) -- is_scientific = true if show uses scientific notation -- clean = unformatted show (possibly adjusted and with inserted '.') -- (en digits) -- sign = '' or MINUS -- exponent = exponent (possibly adjusted) -- The clean and exponent fields can be used to calculate the -- rounded absolute value, if needed. -- -- The value implied by the arguments is found from: -- exponent is nil; and -- show is a string of digits (no sign), with an optional dot; -- show = '123.4' is value 123.4, '1234' is value 1234.0; -- or: -- exponent is an integer indicating where dot should be; -- show is a string of digits (no sign and no dot); -- there is an implied dot before show; -- show does not start with '0'; -- show = '1234', exponent = 3 is value 0.1234*10^3 = 123.4. -- -- The formatted result: -- * Is for an output value and is spelled if wanted and possible. -- * Includes a Unicode minus if isnegative and not spelled. -- * Uses a custom decimal mark, if wanted. -- * Has digits grouped where necessary, if wanted. -- * Uses scientific notation if requested, or for very small or large values -- (which forces result to not be spelled). -- * Has no more than maxsigfig significant digits -- (same as old template and {{#expr}}). local xhi, xlo -- these control when scientific notation (exponent) is used if parms.opt_scientific then xhi, xlo = 4, 2 -- default for output if input uses e-notation elseif parms.opt_scientific_always then xhi, xlo = 0, 0 -- always use scientific notation (experimental) else xhi, xlo = 10, 4 -- default end local sign = isnegative and MINUS or '' local maxlen = maxsigfig local tfrac if type(show) == 'table' then tfrac = show show = tfrac.wholestr assert(exponent == nil, 'Bug: exponent given with fraction') end if not tfrac and not exponent then local integer, dot, decimals = show:match('^(%d*)(%.?)(.*)') if integer == '0' or integer == '' then local zeros, figs = decimals:match('^(0*)([^0]?.*)') if #figs == 0 then if #zeros > maxlen then show = '0.' .. zeros:sub(1, maxlen) end elseif #zeros >= xlo then show = figs exponent = -#zeros elseif #figs > maxlen then show = '0.' .. zeros .. figs:sub(1, maxlen) end elseif #integer >= xhi then show = integer .. decimals exponent = #integer else maxlen = maxlen + #dot if #show > maxlen then show = show:sub(1, maxlen) end end end if exponent then local function zeros(n) return string.rep('0', n) end if #show > maxlen then show = show:sub(1, maxlen) end if exponent > xhi or exponent <= -xlo or (exponent == xhi and show ~= '1' .. zeros(xhi - 1)) then -- When xhi, xlo = 10, 4 (the default), scientific notation is used if the -- rounded value satisfies: value >= 1e9 or value < 1e-4 (1e9 = 0.1e10), -- except if show is '1000000000' (1e9), for example: -- {{convert|1000000000|m|m|sigfig=10}} → 1,000,000,000 metres (1,000,000,000 m) local significand if #show > 1 then significand = show:sub(1, 1) .. '.' .. show:sub(2) else significand = show end return { clean = '.' .. show, exponent = exponent, sign = sign, show = sign .. with_exponent(parms, significand, exponent-1), is_scientific = true, } end if exponent >= #show then show = show .. zeros(exponent - #show) -- result has no dot elseif exponent <= 0 then show = '0.' .. zeros(-exponent) .. show else show = show:sub(1, exponent) .. '.' .. show:sub(exponent+1) end end local formatted_show if tfrac then show = tostring(tfrac.value) -- to set clean in returned table formatted_show = format_fraction(parms, 'out', isnegative, tfrac.wholestr, tfrac.numstr, tfrac.denstr, parms.opt_spell_out) else if isnegative and show:match('^0.?0*$') then sign = '' -- don't show minus if result is negative but rounds to zero end formatted_show = sign .. with_separator(parms, show) if parms.opt_spell_out then formatted_show = spell_number(parms, 'out', sign .. show) or formatted_show end end return { clean = show, sign = sign, show = formatted_show, is_scientific = false, -- to avoid calling __index } end local function extract_fraction(parms, text, negative) -- If text represents a fraction, return -- value, altvalue, show, denominator -- where -- value is a number (value of the fraction in argument text) -- altvalue is an alternate interpretation of any fraction for the hands -- unit where "12.1+3/4" means 12 hands 1.75 inches -- show is a string (formatted text for display of an input value, -- and is spelled if wanted and possible) -- denominator is value of the denominator in the fraction -- Otherwise, return nil. -- Input uses en digits and '.' decimal mark (input has been translated). -- Output uses digits in local language and local decimal mark, if any. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Originally this function accepted x+y/z where x, y, z were any valid -- numbers, possibly with a sign. For example '1.23e+2+1.2/2.4' = 123.5, -- and '2-3/8' = 1.625. However, such usages were found to be errors or -- misunderstandings, so since August 2014 the following restrictions apply: -- x (if present) is an integer or has a single digit after decimal mark -- y and z are unsigned integers -- e-notation is not accepted -- The overall number can start with '+' or '-' (so '12+3/4' and '+12+3/4' -- and '-12-3/4' are valid). -- Any leading negative sign is removed by the caller, so only inputs -- like the following are accepted here (may have whitespace): -- negative = false false true (there was a leading '-') -- text = '2/3' '+2/3' '2/3' -- text = '1+2/3' '+1+2/3' '1-2/3' -- text = '12.3+1/2' '+12.3+1/2' '12.3-1/2' -- Values like '12.3+1/2' are accepted, but are intended only for use -- with the hands unit (not worth adding code to enforce that). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ local leading_plus, prefix, numstr, slashes, denstr = text:match('^%s*(%+?)%s*(.-)%s*(%d+)%s*(/+)%s*(%d+)%s*$') if not leading_plus then -- Accept a single U+2044 fraction slash because that may be pasted. leading_plus, prefix, numstr, denstr = text:match('^%s*(%+?)%s*(.-)%s*(%d+)%s*⁄%s*(%d+)%s*$') slashes = '/' end local numerator = tonumber(numstr) local denominator = tonumber(denstr) if numerator == nil or denominator == nil or (negative and leading_plus ~= '') then return nil end local whole, wholestr if prefix == '' then wholestr = '' whole = 0 else -- Any prefix must be like '12+' or '12-' (whole number and fraction sign); -- '12.3+' and '12.3-' are also accepted (single digit after decimal point) -- because '12.3+1/2 hands' is valid (12 hands 3½ inches). local num1, num2, frac_sign = prefix:match('^(%d+)(%.?%d?)%s*([+%-])$') if num1 == nil then return nil end if num2 == '' then -- num2 must be '' or like '.1' but not '.' or '.12' wholestr = num1 else if #num2 ~= 2 then return nil end wholestr = num1 .. num2 end if frac_sign ~= (negative and '-' or '+') then return nil end whole = tonumber(wholestr) if whole == nil then return nil end end local value = whole + numerator / denominator if not valid_number(value) then return nil end local altvalue = whole + numerator / (denominator * 10) local style = #slashes -- kludge: 1 or 2 slashes can be used to select style if style > 2 then style = 2 end local wikitext = format_fraction(parms, 'in', negative, leading_plus .. wholestr, numstr, denstr, parms.opt_spell_in, style) return value, altvalue, wikitext, denominator end local function extract_number(parms, text, another, no_fraction) -- Return true, info if can extract a number from text, -- where info is a table with the result, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. -- Input can use en digits or digits in local language and can -- have references at the end. Accepting references is intended -- for use in infoboxes with a field for a value passed to convert. -- Parameter another = true if the expected value is not the first. -- Before processing, the input text is cleaned: -- * Any thousand separators (valid or not) are removed. -- * Any sign is replaced with '-' (if negative) or '' (otherwise). -- That replaces Unicode minus with '-'. -- If successful, the returned info table contains named fields: -- value = a valid number -- altvalue = a valid number, usually same as value but different -- if fraction used (for hands unit) -- singular = true if value is 1 or -1 (to use singular form of units) -- clean = cleaned text with any separators and sign removed -- (en digits and '.' decimal mark) -- show = text formatted for output, possibly with ref strip markers -- (digits in local language and custom decimal mark) -- The resulting show: -- * Is for an input value and is spelled if wanted and possible. -- * Has a rounded value, if wanted. -- * Has digits grouped where necessary, if wanted. -- * If negative, a Unicode minus is used; otherwise the sign is -- '+' (if the input text used '+'), or is '' (if no sign in input). text = strip(text or '') local reference local pos = text:find('\127', 1, true) if pos then local before = text:sub(1, pos - 1) local remainder = text:sub(pos) local refs = {} while #remainder > 0 do local ref, spaces ref, spaces, remainder = remainder:match('^(\127[^\127]*UNIQ[^\127]*%-ref[^\127]*\127)(%s*)(.*)') if ref then table.insert(refs, ref) else refs = {} break end end if #refs > 0 then text = strip(before) reference = table.concat(refs) end end local clean = to_en(text, parms) if clean == '' then return false, { another and 'cvt_no_num2' or 'cvt_no_num' } end local isnegative, propersign = false, '' -- most common case local singular, show, denominator local value = tonumber(clean) local altvalue if value then local sign = clean:sub(1, 1) if sign == '+' or sign == '-' then propersign = (sign == '+') and '+' or MINUS clean = clean:sub(2) end if value < 0 then isnegative = true value = -value end else local valstr for _, prefix in ipairs({ '-', MINUS, '&minus;' }) do -- Including '-' sets isnegative in case input is a fraction like '-2-3/4'. local plen = #prefix if clean:sub(1, plen) == prefix then valstr = clean:sub(plen + 1) if valstr:match('^%s') then -- "- 1" is invalid but "-1 - 1/2" is ok return false, { 'cvt_bad_num', text } end break end end if valstr then isnegative = true propersign = MINUS clean = valstr value = tonumber(clean) end if value == nil then if not no_fraction then value, altvalue, show, denominator = extract_fraction(parms, clean, isnegative) end if value == nil then return false, { 'cvt_bad_num', text } end if value <= 1 then singular = true -- for example, "½ mile" or "one half mile" (singular unit) end end end if not valid_number(value) then -- for example, "1e310" may overflow return false, { 'cvt_invalid_num' } end if show == nil then -- clean is a non-empty string with no spaces, and does not represent a fraction, -- and value = tonumber(clean) is a number >= 0. -- If the input uses e-notation, show will be displayed using a power of ten, but -- we use the number as given so it might not be normalized scientific notation. -- The input value is spelled if specified so any e-notation is ignored; -- that allows input like 2e6 to be spelled as "two million" which works -- because the spell module converts '2e6' to '2000000' before spelling. local function rounded(value, default, exponent) local precision = parms.opt_ri if precision then local fmt = '%.' .. format('%d', precision) .. 'f' local result = fmt:format(tonumber(value) + 2e-14) -- fudge for some common cases of bad rounding if not exponent then singular = (tonumber(result) == 1) end return result end return default end singular = (value == 1) local scientific local significand, exponent = clean:match('^([%d.]+)[Ee]([+%-]?%d+)') if significand then show = with_exponent(parms, rounded(significand, significand, exponent), exponent) scientific = true else show = with_separator(parms, rounded(value, clean)) end show = propersign .. show if parms.opt_spell_in then show = spell_number(parms, 'in', propersign .. rounded(value, clean)) or show scientific = false end if scientific then parms.opt_scientific = true end end if isnegative and (value ~= 0) then value = -value altvalue = -(altvalue or value) end return true, { value = value, altvalue = altvalue or value, singular = singular, clean = clean, show = show .. (reference or ''), denominator = denominator, } end local function get_number(text) -- Return v, f where: -- v = nil (text is not a number) -- or -- v = value of text (text is a number) -- f = true if value is an integer -- Input can use en digits or digits in local language, -- but no separators, no Unicode minus, and no fraction. if text then local number = tonumber(to_en(text)) if number then local _, fracpart = math.modf(number) return number, (fracpart == 0) end end end local function gcd(a, b) -- Return the greatest common denominator for the given values, -- which are known to be positive integers. if a > b then a, b = b, a end if a <= 0 then return b end local r = b % a if r <= 0 then return a end if r == 1 then return 1 end return gcd(r, a) end local function fraction_table(value, denominator) -- Return value as a string or a table: -- * If result is a string, there is no fraction, and the result -- is value formatted as a string of en digits. -- * If result is a table, it represents a fraction with named fields: -- wholestr, numstr, denstr (strings of en digits for integer, numerator, denominator). -- The result is rounded to the nearest multiple of (1/denominator). -- If the multiple is zero, no fraction is included. -- No fraction is included if value is very large as the fraction would -- be unhelpful, particularly if scientific notation is required. -- Input value is a non-negative number. -- Input denominator is a positive integer for the desired fraction. if value <= 0 then return '0' end if denominator <= 0 or value > 1e8 then return format('%.2f', value) end local integer, decimals = math.modf(value) local numerator = floor((decimals * denominator) + 0.5 + 2e-14) -- add fudge for some common cases of bad rounding if numerator >= denominator then integer = integer + 1 numerator = 0 end local wholestr = tostring(integer) if numerator > 0 then local div = gcd(numerator, denominator) if div > 1 then numerator = numerator / div denominator = denominator / div end return { wholestr = (integer > 0) and wholestr or '', numstr = tostring(numerator), denstr = tostring(denominator), value = value, } end return wholestr end local function preunits(count, preunit1, preunit2) -- If count is 1: -- ignore preunit2 -- return p1 -- else: -- preunit1 is used for preunit2 if the latter is empty -- return p1, p2 -- where: -- p1 is text to insert before the input unit -- p2 is text to insert before the output unit -- p1 or p2 may be nil to mean "no preunit" -- Using '+' gives output like "5+ feet" (no space before, but space after). local function withspace(text, wantboth) -- Return text with space before and, if wantboth, after. -- However, no space is added if there is a space or '&nbsp;' or '-' -- at that position ('-' is for adjectival text). -- There is also no space if text starts with '&' -- (e.g. '&deg;' would display a degree symbol with no preceding space). local char = text:sub(1, 1) if char == '&' then return text -- an html entity can be used to specify the exact display end if not (char == ' ' or char == '-' or char == '+') then text = ' ' .. text end if wantboth then char = text:sub(-1, -1) if not (char == ' ' or char == '-' or text:sub(-6, -1) == '&nbsp;') then text = text .. ' ' end end return text end local PLUS = '+ ' preunit1 = preunit1 or '' local trim1 = strip(preunit1) if count == 1 then if trim1 == '' then return nil end if trim1 == '+' then return PLUS end return withspace(preunit1, true) end preunit1 = withspace(preunit1) preunit2 = preunit2 or '' local trim2 = strip(preunit2) if trim1 == '+' then if trim2 == '' or trim2 == '+' then return PLUS, PLUS end preunit1 = PLUS end if trim2 == '' then if trim1 == '' then return nil, nil end preunit2 = preunit1 elseif trim2 == '+' then preunit2 = PLUS elseif trim2 == '&#32;' then -- trick to make preunit2 empty preunit2 = nil else preunit2 = withspace(preunit2) end return preunit1, preunit2 end local function range_text(range, want_name, parms, before, after, inout) -- Return before .. rtext .. after -- where rtext is the text that separates two values in a range. local rtext, adj_text, exception if type(range) == 'table' then -- Table must specify range text for ('off' and 'on') or ('input' and 'output'), -- and may specify range text for 'adj=on', -- and may specify exception = true. rtext = range[want_name and 'off' or 'on'] or range[((inout == 'in') == (parms.opt_flip == true)) and 'output' or 'input'] adj_text = range['adj'] exception = range['exception'] else rtext = range end if parms.opt_adjectival then if want_name or (exception and parms.abbr_org == 'on') then rtext = adj_text or rtext:gsub(' ', '-'):gsub('&nbsp;', '-') end end if rtext == '–' and after:sub(1, #MINUS) == MINUS then rtext = '&nbsp;– ' end return before .. rtext .. after end local function get_composite(parms, iparm, in_unit_table) -- Look for a composite input unit. For example, {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} -- would result in a call to this function with -- iparm = 3 (parms[iparm] = "2", just after the first unit) -- in_unit_table = (unit table for "yd"; contains value 1 for number of yards) -- Return true, iparm, unit where -- iparm = index just after the composite units (7 in above example) -- unit = composite unit table holding all input units, -- or return true if no composite unit is present in parms, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. local default, subinfo local composite_units, count = { in_unit_table }, 1 local fixups = {} local total = in_unit_table.valinfo[1].value local subunit = in_unit_table while subunit.subdivs do -- subdivs is nil or a table of allowed subdivisions local subcode = strip(parms[iparm+1]) local subdiv = subunit.subdivs[subcode] or subunit.subdivs[(all_units[subcode] or {}).target] if not subdiv then break end local success success, subunit = lookup(parms, subcode, 'no_combination') if not success then return false, subunit end -- should never occur success, subinfo = extract_number(parms, parms[iparm]) if not success then return false, subinfo end iparm = iparm + 2 subunit.inout = 'in' subunit.valinfo = { subinfo } -- Recalculate total as a number of subdivisions. -- subdiv[1] = number of subdivisions per previous unit (integer > 1). total = total * subdiv[1] + subinfo.value if not default then -- set by the first subdiv with a default defined default = subdiv.default end count = count + 1 composite_units[count] = subunit if subdiv.unit or subdiv.name then fixups[count] = { unit = subdiv.unit, name = subdiv.name, valinfo = subunit.valinfo } end end if count == 1 then return true -- no error and no composite unit end for i, fixup in pairs(fixups) do local unit = fixup.unit local name = fixup.name if not unit or (count > 2 and name) then composite_units[i].fixed_name = name else local success, alternate = lookup(parms, unit, 'no_combination') if not success then return false, alternate end -- should never occur alternate.inout = 'in' alternate.valinfo = fixup.valinfo composite_units[i] = alternate end end return true, iparm, { utype = in_unit_table.utype, scale = subunit.scale, -- scale of last (least significant) unit valinfo = { { value = total, clean = subinfo.clean, denominator = subinfo.denominator } }, composite = composite_units, default = default or in_unit_table.default } end local function translate_parms(parms, kv_pairs) -- Update fields in parms by translating each key:value in kv_pairs to terms -- used by this module (may involve translating from local language to English). -- Also, checks are performed which may display warnings, if enabled. -- Return true if successful or return false, t where t is an error message table. currency_text = nil -- local testing can hold module in memory; must clear globals local accept_any_text = { input = true, qid = true, qual = true, stylein = true, styleout = true, tracking = true, } if kv_pairs.adj and kv_pairs.sing then -- For enwiki (before translation), warn if attempt to use adj and sing -- as the latter is a deprecated alias for the former. if kv_pairs.adj ~= kv_pairs.sing and kv_pairs.sing ~= '' then add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_unknown_option', 'sing=' .. kv_pairs.sing) end kv_pairs.sing = nil end kv_pairs.comma = kv_pairs.comma or config.comma -- for plwiki who want default comma=5 for loc_name, loc_value in pairs(kv_pairs) do local en_name = text_code.en_option_name[loc_name] if en_name then local en_value if en_name == '$' or en_name == 'frac' or en_name == 'sigfig' then if loc_value == '' then add_warning(parms, 2, 'cvt_empty_option', loc_name) elseif en_name == '$' then -- Value should be a single character like "€" for the euro currency symbol, but anything is accepted. currency_text = (loc_value == 'euro') and '€' or loc_value else local minimum local number, is_integer = get_number(loc_value) if en_name == 'frac' then minimum = 2 if number and number < 0 then parms.opt_fraction_horizontal = true number = -number end else minimum = 1 end if number and is_integer and number >= minimum then en_value = number else add_warning(parms, 1, (en_name == 'frac' and 'cvt_bad_frac' or 'cvt_bad_sigfig'), loc_name .. '=' .. loc_value) end end elseif accept_any_text[en_name] then en_value = loc_value ~= '' and loc_value or nil -- accept non-empty user text with no validation if en_name == 'input' then -- May have something like {{convert|input=}} (empty input) if source is an infobox -- with optional fields. In that case, want to output nothing rather than an error. parms.input_text = loc_value -- keep input because parms.input is nil if loc_value == '' end else en_value = text_code.en_option_value[en_name][loc_value] if en_value and en_value:sub(-1) == '?' then en_value = en_value:sub(1, -2) add_warning(parms, -1, 'cvt_deprecated', loc_name .. '=' .. loc_value) end if en_value == nil then if loc_value == '' then add_warning(parms, 2, 'cvt_empty_option', loc_name) else add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_unknown_option', loc_name .. '=' .. loc_value) end elseif en_value == '' then en_value = nil -- an ignored option like adj=off elseif type(en_value) == 'string' and en_value:sub(1, 4) == 'opt_' then for _, v in ipairs(split(en_value, ',')) do local lhs, rhs = v:match('^(.-)=(.+)$') if rhs then parms[lhs] = tonumber(rhs) or rhs else parms[v] = true end end en_value = nil end end parms[en_name] = en_value else add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_unknown_option', loc_name .. '=' .. loc_value) end end local abbr_entered = parms.abbr local cfg_abbr = config.abbr if cfg_abbr then -- Don't warn if invalid because every convert would show that warning. if cfg_abbr == 'on always' then parms.abbr = 'on' elseif cfg_abbr == 'off always' then parms.abbr = 'off' elseif parms.abbr == nil then if cfg_abbr == 'on default' then parms.abbr = 'on' elseif cfg_abbr == 'off default' then parms.abbr = 'off' end end end if parms.abbr then if parms.abbr == 'unit' then parms.abbr = 'on' parms.number_word = true end parms.abbr_org = parms.abbr -- original abbr, before any flip elseif parms.opt_hand_hh then parms.abbr_org = 'on' parms.abbr = 'on' else parms.abbr = 'out' -- default is to abbreviate output only (use symbol, not name) end if parms.opt_order_out then -- Disable options that do not work in a useful way with order=out. parms.opt_flip = nil -- override adj=flip parms.opt_spell_in = nil parms.opt_spell_out = nil parms.opt_spell_upper = nil end if parms.opt_spell_out and not abbr_entered then parms.abbr = 'off' -- should show unit name when spelling the output value end if parms.opt_flip then local function swap_in_out(option) local value = parms[option] if value == 'in' then parms[option] = 'out' elseif value == 'out' then parms[option] = 'in' end end swap_in_out('abbr') swap_in_out('lk') if parms.opt_spell_in and not parms.opt_spell_out then -- For simplicity, and because it does not appear to be needed, -- user cannot set an option to spell the output only. parms.opt_spell_in = nil parms.opt_spell_out = true end end if parms.opt_spell_upper then parms.spell_upper = parms.opt_flip and 'out' or 'in' end if parms.opt_table or parms.opt_tablecen then if abbr_entered == nil and parms.lk == nil then parms.opt_values = true end parms.table_align = parms.opt_table and 'right' or 'center' end if parms.table_align or parms.opt_sortable_on then parms.need_table_or_sort = true end local disp_joins = text_code.disp_joins local default_joins = disp_joins['b'] parms.join_between = default_joins[3] or '; ' local disp = parms.disp if disp == nil then -- special case for the most common setting parms.joins = default_joins elseif disp == 'x' then -- Later, parms.joins is set from the input parameters. else -- Old template does this. local abbr = parms.abbr if disp == 'slash' then if abbr_entered == nil then disp = 'slash-nbsp' elseif abbr == 'in' or abbr == 'out' then disp = 'slash-sp' else disp = 'slash-nosp' end elseif disp == 'sqbr' then if abbr == 'on' then disp = 'sqbr-nbsp' else disp = 'sqbr-sp' end end parms.joins = disp_joins[disp] or default_joins parms.join_between = parms.joins[3] or parms.join_between parms.wantname = parms.joins.wantname end if (en_default and not parms.opt_lang_local and (parms[1] or ''):find('%d')) or parms.opt_lang_en then from_en_table = nil end if en_default and from_en_table then -- For hiwiki: localized symbol/name is defined with the US symbol/name field, -- and is used if output uses localized numbers. parms.opt_sp_us = true end return true end local function get_values(parms) -- If successful, update parms and return true, v, i where -- v = table of input values -- i = index to next entry in parms after those processed here -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. local valinfo = collection() -- numbered table of input values local range = collection() -- numbered table of range items (having, for example, 2 range items requires 3 input values) local had_nocomma -- true if removed "nocomma" kludge from second parameter (like "tonocomma") local parm2 = strip(parms[2]) if parm2 and parm2:sub(-7, -1) == 'nocomma' then parms[2] = strip(parm2:sub(1, -8)) parms.opt_nocomma = true had_nocomma = true end local function extractor(i) -- If the parameter is not a value, try unpacking it as a range ("1-23" for "1 to 23"). -- However, "-1-2/3" is a negative fraction (-1⅔), so it must be extracted first. -- Do not unpack a parameter if it is like "3-1/2" which is sometimes incorrectly -- used instead of "3+1/2" (and which should not be interpreted as "3 to ½"). -- Unpacked items are inserted into the parms table. -- The tail recursion allows combinations like "1x2 to 3x4". local valstr = strip(parms[i]) -- trim so any '-' as a negative sign will be at start local success, result = extract_number(parms, valstr, i > 1) if not success and valstr and i < 20 then -- check i to limit abuse local lhs, sep, rhs = valstr:match('^(%S+)%s+(%S+)%s+(%S.*)') if lhs and not (sep == '-' and rhs:match('/')) then if sep:find('%d') then return success, result -- to reject {{convert|1 234 567|m}} with a decent message (en only) end parms[i] = rhs table.insert(parms, i, sep) table.insert(parms, i, lhs) return extractor(i) end if not valstr:match('%-.*/') then for _, sep in ipairs(text_code.ranges.words) do local start, stop = valstr:find(sep, 2, true) -- start at 2 to skip any negative sign for range '-' if start then parms[i] = valstr:sub(stop + 1) table.insert(parms, i, sep) table.insert(parms, i, valstr:sub(1, start - 1)) return extractor(i) end end end end return success, result end local i = 1 local is_change while true do local success, info = extractor(i) -- need to set parms.opt_nocomma before calling this if not success then return false, info end i = i + 1 if is_change then info.is_change = true -- value is after "±" and so is a change (significant for range like {{convert|5|±|5|°C}}) is_change = nil end valinfo:add(info) local range_item = get_range(strip(parms[i])) if not range_item then break end i = i + 1 range:add(range_item) if type(range_item) == 'table' then -- For range "x", if append unit to some values, append it to all. parms.in_range_x = parms.in_range_x or range_item.in_range_x parms.out_range_x = parms.out_range_x or range_item.out_range_x parms.abbr_range_x = parms.abbr_range_x or range_item.abbr_range_x is_change = range_item.is_range_change end end if range.n > 0 then if range.n > 30 then -- limit abuse, although 4 is a more likely upper limit return false, { 'cvt_invalid_num' } -- misleading message but it will do end parms.range = range elseif had_nocomma then return false, { 'cvt_unknown', parm2 } end return true, valinfo, i end local function simple_get_values(parms) -- If input is like "{{convert|valid_value|valid_unit|...}}", -- return true, i, in_unit, in_unit_table -- i = index in parms of what follows valid_unit, if anything. -- The valid_value is not negative and does not use a fraction, and -- no options requiring further processing of the input are used. -- Otherwise, return nothing or return false, parm1 for caller to interpret. -- Testing shows this function is successful for 96% of converts in articles, -- and that on average it speeds up converts by 8%. local clean = to_en(strip(parms[1] or ''), parms) if parms.opt_ri or parms.opt_spell_in or #clean > 10 or not clean:match('^[0-9.]+$') then return false, clean end local value = tonumber(clean) if not value then return end local info = { value = value, altvalue = value, singular = (value == 1), clean = clean, show = with_separator(parms, clean), } local in_unit = strip(parms[2]) local success, in_unit_table = lookup(parms, in_unit, 'no_combination') if not success then return end in_unit_table.valinfo = { info } return true, 3, in_unit, in_unit_table end local function wikidata_call(parms, operation, ...) -- Return true, s where s is the result of a Wikidata operation, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. local function worker(...) wikidata_code = wikidata_code or require(wikidata_module) wikidata_data = wikidata_data or mw.loadData(wikidata_data_module) return wikidata_code[operation](wikidata_data, ...) end local success, status, result = pcall(worker, ...) if success then return status, result end if parms.opt_sortable_debug then -- Use debug=yes to crash if an error while accessing Wikidata. error('Error accessing Wikidata: ' .. status, 0) end return false, { 'cvt_wd_fail' } end local function get_parms(parms, args) -- If successful, update parms and return true, unit where -- parms is a table of all arguments passed to the template -- converted to named arguments, and -- unit is the input unit table; -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. -- For special processing (not a convert), can also return -- true, wikitext where wikitext is the final result. -- The returned input unit table may be for a fake unit using the specified -- unit code as the symbol and name, and with bad_mcode = message code table. -- MediaWiki removes leading and trailing whitespace from the values of -- named arguments. However, the values of numbered arguments include any -- whitespace entered in the template, and whitespace is used by some -- parameters (example: the numbered parameters associated with "disp=x"). local kv_pairs = {} -- table of input key:value pairs where key is a name; needed because cannot iterate parms and add new fields to it for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' or k == 'test' then -- parameter "test" is reserved for testing and is not translated parms[k] = v else kv_pairs[k] = v end end if parms.test == 'wikidata' then local ulookup = function (ucode) -- Use empty table for parms so it does not accumulate results when used repeatedly. return lookup({}, ucode, 'no_combination') end return wikidata_call(parms, '_listunits', ulookup) end local success, msg = translate_parms(parms, kv_pairs) if not success then return false, msg end if parms.input then success, msg = wikidata_call(parms, '_adjustparameters', parms, 1) if not success then return false, msg end end local success, i, in_unit, in_unit_table = simple_get_values(parms) if not success then if type(i) == 'string' and i:match('^NNN+$') then -- Some infoboxes have examples like {{convert|NNN|m}} (3 or more "N"). -- Output an empty string for these. return false, { 'cvt_no_output' } end local valinfo success, valinfo, i = get_values(parms) if not success then return false, valinfo end in_unit = strip(parms[i]) i = i + 1 success, in_unit_table = lookup(parms, in_unit, 'no_combination') if not success then in_unit = in_unit or '' if parms.opt_ignore_error then -- display given unit code with no error (for use with {{val}}) in_unit_table = '' -- suppress error message and prevent processing of output unit end in_unit_table = setmetatable({ symbol = in_unit, name2 = in_unit, utype = in_unit, scale = 1, default = '', defkey = '', linkey = '', bad_mcode = in_unit_table }, unit_mt) end in_unit_table.valinfo = valinfo end if parms.test == 'msg' then -- Am testing the messages produced when no output unit is specified, and -- the input unit has a missing or invalid default. -- Set two units for testing that. -- LATER: Remove this code. if in_unit == 'chain' then in_unit_table.default = nil -- no default elseif in_unit == 'rd' then in_unit_table.default = "ft!X!m" -- an invalid expression end end in_unit_table.inout = 'in' -- this is an input unit if not parms.range then local success, inext, composite_unit = get_composite(parms, i, in_unit_table) if not success then return false, inext end if composite_unit then in_unit_table = composite_unit i = inext end end if in_unit_table.builtin == 'mach' then -- As with old template, a number following Mach as the input unit is the altitude, -- and there is no way to specify an altitude for the output unit. -- Could put more code in this function to get any output unit and check for -- an altitude following that unit. local success, info = extract_number(parms, parms[i], false, true) if success then i = i + 1 in_unit_table.altitude = info.value end end local word = strip(parms[i]) i = i + 1 local precision, is_bad_precision local function set_precision(text) local number, is_integer = get_number(text) if number then if is_integer then precision = number else precision = text is_bad_precision = true end return true -- text was used for precision, good or bad end end if word and not set_precision(word) then parms.out_unit = parms.out_unit or word if set_precision(strip(parms[i])) then i = i + 1 end end if parms.opt_adj_mid then word = parms[i] i = i + 1 if word then -- mid-text words if word:sub(1, 1) == '-' then parms.mid = word else parms.mid = ' ' .. word end end end if parms.opt_one_preunit then parms[parms.opt_flip and 'preunit2' or 'preunit1'] = preunits(1, parms[i]) i = i + 1 end if parms.disp == 'x' then -- Following is reasonably compatible with the old template. local first = parms[i] or '' local second = parms[i+1] or '' i = i + 2 if strip(first) == '' then -- user can enter '&#32;' rather than ' ' to avoid the default first = ' [&nbsp;' .. first second = '&nbsp;]' .. second end parms.joins = { first, second } elseif parms.opt_two_preunits then local p1, p2 = preunits(2, parms[i], parms[i+1]) i = i + 2 if parms.preunit1 then -- To simplify documentation, allow unlikely use of adj=pre with disp=preunit -- (however, an output unit must be specified with adj=pre and with disp=preunit). parms.preunit1 = parms.preunit1 .. p1 parms.preunit2 = p2 else parms.preunit1, parms.preunit2 = p1, p2 end end if precision == nil then if set_precision(strip(parms[i])) then i = i + 1 end end if is_bad_precision then add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_bad_prec', precision) else parms.precision = precision end for j = i, i + 3 do local parm = parms[j] -- warn if find a non-empty extraneous parameter if parm and parm:match('%S') then add_warning(parms, 1, 'cvt_unknown_option', parm) break end end return true, in_unit_table end local function record_default_precision(parms, out_current, precision) -- If necessary, adjust parameters and return a possibly adjusted precision. -- When converting a range of values where a default precision is required, -- that default is calculated for each value because the result sometimes -- depends on the precise input and output values. This function may cause -- the entire convert process to be repeated in order to ensure that the -- same default precision is used for each individual convert. -- If that were not done, a range like 1000 to 1000.4 may give poor results -- because the first output could be heavily rounded, while the second is not. -- For range 1000.4 to 1000, this function can give the second convert the -- same default precision that was used for the first. if not parms.opt_round_each then local maxdef = out_current.max_default_precision if maxdef then if maxdef < precision then parms.do_convert_again = true out_current.max_default_precision = precision else precision = out_current.max_default_precision end else out_current.max_default_precision = precision end end return precision end local function default_precision(parms, invalue, inclean, denominator, outvalue, in_current, out_current, extra) -- Return a default value for precision (an integer like 2, 0, -2). -- If denominator is not nil, it is the value of the denominator in inclean. -- Code follows procedures used in old template. local fudge = 1e-14 -- {{Order of magnitude}} adds this, so we do too local prec, minprec, adjust local subunit_ignore_trailing_zero local subunit_more_precision -- kludge for "in" used in input like "|2|ft|6|in" local composite = in_current.composite if composite then subunit_ignore_trailing_zero = true -- input "|2|st|10|lb" has precision 0, not -1 if composite[#composite].exception == 'subunit_more_precision' then subunit_more_precision = true -- do not use standard precision with input like "|2|ft|6|in" end end if denominator and denominator > 0 then prec = math.max(log10(denominator), 1) else -- Count digits after decimal mark, handling cases like '12.345e6'. local exponent local integer, dot, decimals, expstr = inclean:match('^(%d*)(%.?)(%d*)(.*)') local e = expstr:sub(1, 1) if e == 'e' or e == 'E' then exponent = tonumber(expstr:sub(2)) end if dot == '' then prec = subunit_ignore_trailing_zero and 0 or -integer:match('0*$'):len() else prec = #decimals end if exponent then -- So '1230' and '1.23e3' both give prec = -1, and '0.00123' and '1.23e-3' give 5. prec = prec - exponent end end if in_current.istemperature and out_current.istemperature then -- Converting between common temperatures (°C, °F, °R, K); not keVT. -- Kelvin value can be almost zero, or small but negative due to precision problems. -- Also, an input value like -300 C (below absolute zero) gives negative kelvins. -- Calculate minimum precision from absolute value. adjust = 0 local kelvin = abs((invalue - in_current.offset) * in_current.scale) if kelvin < 1e-8 then -- assume nonzero due to input or calculation precision problem minprec = 2 else minprec = 2 - floor(log10(kelvin) + fudge) -- 3 sigfigs in kelvin end else if invalue == 0 or outvalue <= 0 then -- We are never called with a negative outvalue, but it might be zero. -- This is special-cased to avoid calculation exceptions. return record_default_precision(parms, out_current, 0) end if out_current.exception == 'integer_more_precision' and floor(invalue) == invalue then -- With certain output units that sometimes give poor results -- with default rounding, use more precision when the input -- value is equal to an integer. An example of a poor result -- is when input 50 gives a smaller output than input 49.5. -- Experiment shows this helps, but it does not eliminate all -- surprises because it is not clear whether "50" should be -- interpreted as "from 45 to 55" or "from 49.5 to 50.5". adjust = -log10(in_current.scale) elseif subunit_more_precision then -- Conversion like "{{convert|6|ft|1|in|cm}}" (where subunit is "in") -- has a non-standard adjust value, to give more output precision. adjust = log10(out_current.scale) + 2 else adjust = log10(abs(invalue / outvalue)) end adjust = adjust + log10(2) -- Ensure that the output has at least two significant figures. minprec = 1 - floor(log10(outvalue) + fudge) end if extra then adjust = extra.adjust or adjust minprec = extra.minprec or minprec end return record_default_precision(parms, out_current, math.max(floor(prec + adjust), minprec)) end local function convert(parms, invalue, info, in_current, out_current) -- Convert given input value from one unit to another. -- Return output_value (a number) if a simple convert, or -- return f, t where -- f = true, t = table of information with results, or -- f = false, t = error message table. local inscale = in_current.scale local outscale = out_current.scale if not in_current.iscomplex and not out_current.iscomplex then return invalue * (inscale / outscale) -- minimize overhead for most common case end if in_current.invert or out_current.invert then -- Inverted units, such as inverse length, inverse time, or -- fuel efficiency. Built-in units do not have invert set. if (in_current.invert or 1) * (out_current.invert or 1) < 0 then return 1 / (invalue * inscale * outscale) end return invalue * (inscale / outscale) elseif in_current.offset then -- Temperature (there are no built-ins for this type of unit). if info.is_change then return invalue * (inscale / outscale) end return (invalue - in_current.offset) * (inscale / outscale) + out_current.offset else -- Built-in unit. local in_builtin = in_current.builtin local out_builtin = out_current.builtin if in_builtin and out_builtin then if in_builtin == out_builtin then return invalue end -- There are no cases (yet) where need to convert from one -- built-in unit to another, so this should never occur. return false, { 'cvt_bug_convert' } end if in_builtin == 'mach' or out_builtin == 'mach' then local adjust if in_builtin == 'mach' then inscale = speed_of_sound(in_current.altitude) adjust = outscale / 0.1 else outscale = speed_of_sound(out_current.altitude) adjust = 0.1 / inscale end return true, { outvalue = invalue * (inscale / outscale), adjust = log10(adjust) + log10(2), } elseif in_builtin == 'hand' then -- 1 hand = 4 inches; 1.2 hands = 6 inches. -- Decimals of a hand are only defined for the first digit, and -- the first fractional digit should be a number of inches (1, 2 or 3). -- However, this code interprets the entire fractional part as the number -- of inches / 10 (so 1.75 inches would be 0.175 hands). -- A value like 12.3 hands is exactly 12*4 + 3 inches; base default precision on that. local integer, fracpart = math.modf(invalue) local inch_value = 4 * integer + 10 * fracpart -- equivalent number of inches local factor = inscale / outscale if factor == 4 then -- Am converting to inches: show exact result, and use "inches" not "in" by default. if parms.abbr_org == nil then out_current.usename = true end local show = format('%g', abs(inch_value)) -- show and clean are unsigned if not show:find('e', 1, true) then return true, { invalue = inch_value, outvalue = inch_value, clean = show, show = show, } end end local outvalue = (integer + 2.5 * fracpart) * factor local fracstr = info.clean:match('%.(.*)') or '' local fmt if fracstr == '' then fmt = '%.0f' else fmt = '%.' .. format('%d', #fracstr - 1) .. 'f' end return true, { invalue = inch_value, clean = format(fmt, inch_value), outvalue = outvalue, minprec = 0, } end end return false, { 'cvt_bug_convert' } -- should never occur end local function user_style(parms, i) -- Return text for a user-specified style for a table cell, or '' if none, -- given i = 1 (input style) or 2 (output style). local style = parms[(i == 1) and 'stylein' or 'styleout'] if style then style = style:gsub('"', '') if style ~= '' then if style:sub(-1) ~= ';' then style = style .. ';' end return style end end return '' end local function make_table_or_sort(parms, invalue, info, in_current, scaled_top) -- Set options to handle output for a table or a sort key, or both. -- The text sort key is based on the value resulting from converting -- the input to a fake base unit with scale = 1, and other properties -- required for a conversion derived from the input unit. -- For other modules, return the sort key in a hidden span element, and -- the scaled value used to generate the sort key. -- If scaled_top is set, it is the scaled value of the numerator of a per unit -- to be combined with this unit (the denominator) to make the sort key. -- Scaling only works with units that convert with a factor (not temperature). local sortkey, scaled_value if parms.opt_sortable_on then local base = { -- a fake unit with enough fields for a valid convert scale = 1, invert = in_current.invert and 1, iscomplex = in_current.iscomplex, offset = in_current.offset and 0, } local outvalue, extra = convert(parms, invalue, info, in_current, base) if extra then outvalue = extra.outvalue end if in_current.istemperature then -- Have converted to kelvin; assume numbers close to zero have a -- rounding error and should be zero. if abs(outvalue) < 1e-12 then outvalue = 0 end end if scaled_top and outvalue ~= 0 then outvalue = scaled_top / outvalue end scaled_value = outvalue if not valid_number(outvalue) then if outvalue < 0 then sortkey = '1000000000000000000' else sortkey = '9000000000000000000' end elseif outvalue == 0 then sortkey = '5000000000000000000' else local mag = floor(log10(abs(outvalue)) + 1e-14) local prefix if outvalue > 0 then prefix = 7000 + mag else prefix = 2999 - mag outvalue = outvalue + 10^(mag+1) end sortkey = format('%d', prefix) .. format('%015.0f', floor(outvalue * 10^(14-mag))) end end local sortspan if sortkey and not parms.table_align then sortspan = parms.opt_sortable_debug and '<span data-sort-value="' .. sortkey .. '♠"><span style="border:1px solid">' .. sortkey .. '♠</span></span>' or '<span data-sort-value="' .. sortkey .. '♠"></span>' parms.join_before = sortspan end if parms.table_align then local sort if sortkey then sort = ' data-sort-value="' .. sortkey .. '"' if parms.opt_sortable_debug then parms.join_before = '<span style="border:1px solid">' .. sortkey .. '</span>' end else sort = '' end local style = 'style="text-align:' .. parms.table_align .. ';' local joins = {} for i = 1, 2 do joins[i] = (i == 1 and '' or '\n|') .. style .. user_style(parms, i) .. '"' .. sort .. '|' end parms.table_joins = joins end return sortspan, scaled_value end local cvt_to_hand local function cvtround(parms, info, in_current, out_current) -- Return true, t where t is a table with the conversion results; fields: -- show = rounded, formatted string with the result of converting value in info, -- using the rounding specified in parms. -- singular = true if result (after rounding and ignoring any negative sign) -- is "1", or like "1.00", or is a fraction with value < 1; -- (and more fields shown below, and a calculated 'absvalue' field). -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. -- Input info.clean uses en digits (it has been translated, if necessary). -- Output show uses en or non-en digits as appropriate, or can be spelled. if out_current.builtin == 'hand' then return cvt_to_hand(parms, info, in_current, out_current) end local invalue = in_current.builtin == 'hand' and info.altvalue or info.value local outvalue, extra = convert(parms, invalue, info, in_current, out_current) if parms.need_table_or_sort then parms.need_table_or_sort = nil -- process using first input value only make_table_or_sort(parms, invalue, info, in_current) end if extra then if not outvalue then return false, extra end invalue = extra.invalue or invalue outvalue = extra.outvalue end if not valid_number(outvalue) then return false, { 'cvt_invalid_num' } end local isnegative if outvalue < 0 then isnegative = true outvalue = -outvalue end local precision, show, exponent local denominator = out_current.frac if denominator then show = fraction_table(outvalue, denominator) else precision = parms.precision if not precision then if parms.sigfig then show, exponent = make_sigfig(outvalue, parms.sigfig) elseif parms.opt_round then local n = parms.opt_round if n == 0.5 then local integer, fracpart = math.modf(floor(2 * outvalue + 0.5) / 2) if fracpart == 0 then show = format('%.0f', integer) else show = format('%.1f', integer + fracpart) end else show = format('%.0f', floor((outvalue / n) + 0.5) * n) end else local inclean = info.clean if extra then inclean = extra.clean or inclean show = extra.show end if not show then precision = default_precision(parms, invalue, inclean, info.denominator, outvalue, in_current, out_current, extra) end end end end if precision then if precision >= 0 then local fudge if precision <= 8 then -- Add a fudge to handle common cases of bad rounding due to inability -- to precisely represent some values. This makes the following work: -- {{convert|-100.1|C|K}} and {{convert|5555000|um|m|2}}. -- Old template uses #expr round, which invokes PHP round(). -- LATER: Investigate how PHP round() works. fudge = 2e-14 else fudge = 0 end local fmt = '%.' .. format('%d', precision) .. 'f' local success success, show = pcall(format, fmt, outvalue + fudge) if not success then return false, { 'cvt_big_prec', tostring(precision) } end else precision = -precision -- #digits to zero (in addition to any digits after dot) local shift = 10 ^ precision show = format('%.0f', outvalue/shift) if show ~= '0' then exponent = #show + precision end end end local t = format_number(parms, show, exponent, isnegative) if type(show) == 'string' then -- Set singular using match because on some systems 0.99999999999999999 is 1.0. if exponent then t.singular = (exponent == 1 and show:match('^10*$')) else t.singular = (show == '1' or show:match('^1%.0*$')) end else t.fraction_table = show t.singular = (outvalue <= 1) -- cannot have 'fraction == 1', but if it were possible it would be singular end t.raw_absvalue = outvalue -- absolute value before rounding return true, setmetatable(t, { __index = function (self, key) if key == 'absvalue' then -- Calculate absolute value after rounding, if needed. local clean, exponent = rawget(self, 'clean'), rawget(self, 'exponent') local value = tonumber(clean) -- absolute value (any negative sign has been ignored) if exponent then value = value * 10^exponent end rawset(self, key, value) return value end end }) end function cvt_to_hand(parms, info, in_current, out_current) -- Convert input to hands, inches. -- Return true, t where t is a table with the conversion results; -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. if parms.abbr_org == nil then out_current.usename = true -- default is to show name not symbol end local precision = parms.precision local frac = out_current.frac if not frac and precision and precision > 1 then frac = (precision == 2) and 2 or 4 end local out_next = out_current.out_next if out_next then -- Use magic knowledge to determine whether the next unit is inches without requiring i18n. -- The following ensures that when the output combination "hand in" is used, the inches -- value is rounded to match the hands value. Also, displaying say "61½" instead of 61.5 -- is better as 61.5 implies the value is not 61.4. if out_next.exception == 'subunit_more_precision' then out_next.frac = frac end end -- Convert to inches; calculate hands from that. local dummy_unit_table = { scale = out_current.scale / 4, frac = frac } local success, outinfo = cvtround(parms, info, in_current, dummy_unit_table) if not success then return false, outinfo end local tfrac = outinfo.fraction_table local inches = outinfo.raw_absvalue if tfrac then inches = floor(inches) -- integer part only; fraction added later else inches = floor(inches + 0.5) -- a hands measurement never shows decimals of an inch end local hands, inches = divide(inches, 4) outinfo.absvalue = hands + inches/4 -- supposed to be the absolute rounded value, but this is close enough local inchstr = tostring(inches) -- '0', '1', '2' or '3' if precision and precision <= 0 then -- using negative or 0 for precision rounds to nearest hand hands = floor(outinfo.raw_absvalue/4 + 0.5) inchstr = '' elseif tfrac then -- Always show an integer before fraction (like "15.0½") because "15½" means 15-and-a-half hands. inchstr = numdot .. format_fraction(parms, 'out', false, inchstr, tfrac.numstr, tfrac.denstr) else inchstr = numdot .. from_en(inchstr) end outinfo.show = outinfo.sign .. with_separator(parms, format('%.0f', hands)) .. inchstr return true, outinfo end local function evaluate_condition(value, condition) -- Return true or false from applying a conditional expression to value, -- or throw an error if invalid. -- A very limited set of expressions is supported: -- v < 9 -- v * 9 < 9 -- where -- 'v' is replaced with value -- 9 is any number (as defined by Lua tonumber) -- only en digits are accepted -- '<' can also be '<=' or '>' or '>=' -- In addition, the following form is supported: -- LHS and RHS -- where -- LHS, RHS = any of above expressions. local function compare(value, text) local arithop, factor, compop, limit = text:match('^%s*v%s*([*]?)(.-)([<>]=?)(.*)$') if arithop == nil then error('Invalid default expression', 0) elseif arithop == '*' then factor = tonumber(factor) if factor == nil then error('Invalid default expression', 0) end value = value * factor end limit = tonumber(limit) if limit == nil then error('Invalid default expression', 0) end if compop == '<' then return value < limit elseif compop == '<=' then return value <= limit elseif compop == '>' then return value > limit elseif compop == '>=' then return value >= limit end error('Invalid default expression', 0) -- should not occur end local lhs, rhs = condition:match('^(.-%W)and(%W.*)') if lhs == nil then return compare(value, condition) end return compare(value, lhs) and compare(value, rhs) end local function get_default(value, unit_table) -- Return true, s where s = name of unit's default output unit, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. -- Some units have a default that depends on the input value -- (the first value if a range of values is used). -- If '!' is in the default, the first bang-delimited field is an -- expression that uses 'v' to represent the input value. -- Example: 'v < 120 ! small ! big ! suffix' (suffix is optional) -- evaluates 'v < 120' as a boolean with result -- 'smallsuffix' if (value < 120), or 'bigsuffix' otherwise. -- Input must use en digits and '.' decimal mark. local default = data_code.default_exceptions[unit_table.defkey or unit_table.symbol] or unit_table.default if not default then local per = unit_table.per if per then local function a_default(v, u) local success, ucode = get_default(v, u) if not success then return '?' -- an unlikely error has occurred; will cause lookup of default to fail end -- Attempt to use only the first unit if a combination or output multiple. -- This is not bulletproof but should work for most cases. -- Where it does not work, the convert will need to specify the wanted output unit. local t = all_units[ucode] if t then local combo = t.combination if combo then -- For a multiple like ftin, the "first" unit (ft) is last in the combination. local i = t.multiple and table_len(combo) or 1 ucode = combo[i] end else -- Try for an automatically generated combination. local item = ucode:match('^(.-)%+') or ucode:match('^(%S+)%s') if all_units[item] then return item end end return ucode end local unit1, unit2 = per[1], per[2] local def1 = (unit1 and a_default(value, unit1) or unit_table.vprefix or '') local def2 = a_default(1, unit2) -- 1 because per unit of denominator return true, def1 .. '/' .. def2 end return false, { 'cvt_no_default', unit_table.symbol } end if default:find('!', 1, true) == nil then return true, default end local t = split(default, '!') if #t == 3 or #t == 4 then local success, result = pcall(evaluate_condition, value, t[1]) if success then default = result and t[2] or t[3] if #t == 4 then default = default .. t[4] end return true, default end end return false, { 'cvt_bad_default', unit_table.symbol } end local linked_pages -- to record linked pages so will not link to the same page more than once local function unlink(unit_table) -- Forget that the given unit has previously been linked (if it has). -- That is needed when processing a range of inputs or outputs when an id -- for the first range value may have been evaluated, but only an id for -- the last value is displayed, and that id may need to be linked. linked_pages[unit_table.unitcode or unit_table] = nil end local function make_link(link, id, unit_table) -- Return wikilink "[[link|id]]", possibly abbreviated as in examples: -- [[Mile|mile]] --> [[mile]] -- [[Mile|miles]] --> [[mile]]s -- However, just id is returned if: -- * no link given (so caller does not need to check if a link was defined); or -- * link has previously been used during the current convert (to avoid overlinking). local link_key if unit_table then link_key = unit_table.unitcode or unit_table else link_key = link end if not link or link == '' or linked_pages[link_key] then return id end linked_pages[link_key] = true -- Following only works for language en, but it should be safe on other wikis, -- and overhead of doing it generally does not seem worthwhile. local l = link:sub(1, 1):lower() .. link:sub(2) if link == id or l == id then return '[[' .. id .. ']]' elseif link .. 's' == id or l .. 's' == id then return '[[' .. id:sub(1, -2) .. ']]s' else return '[[' .. link .. '|' .. id .. ']]' end end local function variable_name(clean, unit_table) -- For slwiki, a unit name depends on the value. -- Parameter clean is the unsigned rounded value in en digits, as a string. -- Value Source Example for "m" -- integer 1: name1 meter (also is the name of the unit) -- integer 2: var{1} metra -- integer 3 and 4: var{2} metri -- integer else: var{3} metrov (0 and 5 or more) -- real/fraction: var{4} metra -- var{i} means the i'th field in unit_table.varname if it exists and has -- an i'th field, otherwise name2. -- Fields are separated with "!" and are not empty. -- A field for a unit using an SI prefix has the prefix name inserted, -- replacing '#' if found, or before the field otherwise. local vname if clean == '1' then vname = unit_table.name1 elseif unit_table.varname then local i if clean == '2' then i = 1 elseif clean == '3' or clean == '4' then i = 2 elseif clean:find('.', 1, true) then i = 4 else i = 3 end if i > 1 and varname == 'pl' then i = i - 1 end vname = split(unit_table.varname, '!')[i] end if vname then local si_name = rawget(unit_table, 'si_name') or '' local pos = vname:find('#', 1, true) if pos then vname = vname:sub(1, pos - 1) .. si_name .. vname:sub(pos + 1) else vname = si_name .. vname end return vname end return unit_table.name2 end local function linked_id(parms, unit_table, key_id, want_link, clean) -- Return final unit id (symbol or name), optionally with a wikilink, -- and update unit_table.sep if required. -- key_id is one of: 'symbol', 'sym_us', 'name1', 'name1_us', 'name2', 'name2_us'. local abbr_on = (key_id == 'symbol' or key_id == 'sym_us') if abbr_on and want_link then local symlink = rawget(unit_table, 'symlink') if symlink then return symlink -- for exceptions that have the linked symbol built-in end end local multiplier = rawget(unit_table, 'multiplier') local per = unit_table.per if per then local paren1, paren2 = '', '' -- possible parentheses around bottom unit local unit1 = per[1] -- top unit_table, or nil local unit2 = per[2] -- bottom unit_table if abbr_on then if not unit1 then unit_table.sep = '' -- no separator in "$2/acre" end if not want_link then local symbol = unit_table.symbol_raw if symbol then return symbol -- for exceptions that have the symbol built-in end end if (unit2.symbol):find('⋅', 1, true) then paren1, paren2 = '(', ')' end end local key_id2 -- unit2 is always singular if key_id == 'name2' then key_id2 = 'name1' elseif key_id == 'name2_us' then key_id2 = 'name1_us' else key_id2 = key_id end local result if abbr_on then result = '/' elseif omitsep then result = per_word elseif unit1 then result = ' ' .. per_word .. ' ' else result = per_word .. ' ' end if want_link and unit_table.link then if abbr_on or not varname then result = (unit1 and linked_id(parms, unit1, key_id, false, clean) or '') .. result .. linked_id(parms, unit2, key_id2, false, '1') else result = (unit1 and variable_name(clean, unit1) or '') .. result .. variable_name('1', unit2) end if omit_separator(result) then unit_table.sep = '' end return make_link(unit_table.link, result, unit_table) end if unit1 then result = linked_id(parms, unit1, key_id, want_link, clean) .. result if unit1.sep then unit_table.sep = unit1.sep end elseif omitsep then unit_table.sep = '' end return result .. paren1 .. linked_id(parms, unit2, key_id2, want_link, '1') .. paren2 end if multiplier then -- A multiplier (like "100" in "100km") forces the unit to be plural. multiplier = from_en(multiplier) if not omitsep then multiplier = multiplier .. (abbr_on and '&nbsp;' or ' ') end if not abbr_on then if key_id == 'name1' then key_id = 'name2' elseif key_id == 'name1_us' then key_id = 'name2_us' end end else multiplier = '' end local id = unit_table.fixed_name or ((varname and not abbr_on) and variable_name(clean, unit_table) or unit_table[key_id]) if omit_separator(id) then unit_table.sep = '' end if want_link then local link = data_code.link_exceptions[unit_table.linkey or unit_table.symbol] or unit_table.link if link then local before = '' local i = unit_table.customary if i == 1 and parms.opt_sp_us then i = 2 -- show "U.S." not "US" end if i == 3 and abbr_on then i = 4 -- abbreviate "imperial" to "imp" end local customary = text_code.customary_units[i] if customary then -- LATER: This works for language en only, but it's esoteric so ignore for now. local pertext if id:sub(1, 1) == '/' then -- Want unit "/USgal" to display as "/U.S. gal", not "U.S. /gal". pertext = '/' id = id:sub(2) elseif id:sub(1, 4) == 'per ' then -- Similarly want "per U.S. gallon", not "U.S. per gallon" (but in practice this is unlikely to be used). pertext = 'per ' id = id:sub(5) else pertext = '' end -- Omit any "US"/"U.S."/"imp"/"imperial" from start of id since that will be inserted. local removes = (i < 3) and { 'US&nbsp;', 'US ', 'U.S.&nbsp;', 'U.S. ' } or { 'imp&nbsp;', 'imp ', 'imperial ' } for _, prefix in ipairs(removes) do local plen = #prefix if id:sub(1, plen) == prefix then id = id:sub(plen + 1) break end end before = pertext .. make_link(customary.link, customary[1]) .. ' ' end id = before .. make_link(link, id, unit_table) end end return multiplier .. id end local function make_id(parms, which, unit_table) -- Return id, f where -- id = unit name or symbol, possibly modified -- f = true if id is a name, or false if id is a symbol -- using the value for index 'which', and for 'in' or 'out' (unit_table.inout). -- Result is '' if no symbol/name is to be used. -- In addition, set unit_table.sep = ' ' or '&nbsp;' or '' -- (the separator that caller will normally insert before the id). if parms.opt_values then unit_table.sep = '' return '' end local inout = unit_table.inout local info = unit_table.valinfo[which] local abbr_org = parms.abbr_org local adjectival = parms.opt_adjectival local lk = parms.lk local want_link = (lk == 'on' or lk == inout) local usename = unit_table.usename local singular = info.singular local want_name if usename then want_name = true else if abbr_org == nil then if parms.wantname then want_name = true end if unit_table.usesymbol then want_name = false end end if want_name == nil then local abbr = parms.abbr if abbr == 'on' or abbr == inout or (abbr == 'mos' and inout == 'out') then want_name = false else want_name = true end end end local key if want_name then if lk == nil and unit_table.builtin == 'hand' then want_link = true end if parms.opt_use_nbsp then unit_table.sep = '&nbsp;' else unit_table.sep = ' ' end if parms.opt_singular then local value if inout == 'in' then value = info.value else value = info.absvalue end if value then -- some unusual units do not always set value field value = abs(value) singular = (0 < value and value < 1.0001) end end if unit_table.engscale then -- engscale: so "|1|e3kg" gives "1 thousand kilograms" (plural) singular = false end key = (adjectival or singular) and 'name1' or 'name2' if parms.opt_sp_us then key = key .. '_us' end else if unit_table.builtin == 'hand' then if parms.opt_hand_hh then unit_table.symbol = 'hh' -- LATER: might want i18n applied to this end end unit_table.sep = '&nbsp;' key = parms.opt_sp_us and 'sym_us' or 'symbol' end return linked_id(parms, unit_table, key, want_link, info.clean), want_name end local function decorate_value(parms, unit_table, which, number_word) -- If needed, update unit_table so values will be shown with extra information. -- For consistency with the old template (but different from fmtpower), -- the style to display powers of 10 includes "display:none" to allow some -- browsers to copy, for example, "10³" as "10^3", rather than as "103". local info local engscale = unit_table.engscale local prefix = unit_table.vprefix if engscale or prefix then info = unit_table.valinfo[which] if info.decorated then return -- do not redecorate if repeating convert end info.decorated = true if engscale then local inout = unit_table.inout local abbr = parms.abbr if (abbr == 'on' or abbr == inout) and not parms.number_word then info.show = info.show .. '<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">' .. from_en('10') .. '</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s>^{' .. from_en(tostring(engscale.exponent)) .. '}' elseif number_word then local number_id local lk = parms.lk if lk == 'on' or lk == inout then number_id = make_link(engscale.link, engscale[1]) else number_id = engscale[1] end -- WP:NUMERAL recommends "&nbsp;" in values like "12 million". info.show = info.show .. (parms.opt_adjectival and '-' or '&nbsp;') .. number_id end end if prefix then info.show = prefix .. info.show end end end local function process_input(parms, in_current) -- Processing required once per conversion. -- Return block of text to represent input (value/unit). if parms.opt_output_only or parms.opt_output_number_only or parms.opt_output_unit_only then parms.joins = { '', '' } return '' end local first_unit local composite = in_current.composite -- nil or table of units if composite then first_unit = composite[1] else first_unit = in_current end local id1, want_name = make_id(parms, 1, first_unit) local sep = first_unit.sep -- separator between value and unit, set by make_id local preunit = parms.preunit1 if preunit then sep = '' -- any separator is included in preunit else preunit = '' end if parms.opt_input_unit_only then parms.joins = { '', '' } if composite then local parts = { id1 } for i, unit in ipairs(composite) do if i > 1 then table.insert(parts, (make_id(parms, 1, unit))) end end id1 = table.concat(parts, ' ') end if want_name and parms.opt_adjectival then return preunit .. hyphenated(id1) end return preunit .. id1 end if parms.opt_also_symbol and not composite and not parms.opt_flip then local join1 = parms.joins[1] if join1 == ' (' or join1 == ' [' then parms.joins = { ' [' .. first_unit[parms.opt_sp_us and 'sym_us' or 'symbol'] .. ']' .. join1 , parms.joins[2] } end end if in_current.builtin == 'mach' and first_unit.sep ~= '' then -- '' means omitsep with non-enwiki name local prefix = id1 .. '&nbsp;' local range = parms.range local valinfo = first_unit.valinfo local result = prefix .. valinfo[1].show if range then -- For simplicity and because more not needed, handle one range item only. local prefix2 = make_id(parms, 2, first_unit) .. '&nbsp;' result = range_text(range[1], want_name, parms, result, prefix2 .. valinfo[2].show, 'in') end return preunit .. result end if composite then -- Simplify: assume there is no range, and no decoration. local mid = (not parms.opt_flip) and parms.mid or '' local sep1 = '&nbsp;' local sep2 = ' ' if parms.opt_adjectival and want_name then sep1 = '-' sep2 = '-' end if omitsep and sep == '' then -- Testing the id of the most significant unit should be sufficient. sep1 = '' sep2 = '' end local parts = { first_unit.valinfo[1].show .. sep1 .. id1 } for i, unit in ipairs(composite) do if i > 1 then table.insert(parts, unit.valinfo[1].show .. sep1 .. (make_id(parms, 1, unit))) end end return table.concat(parts, sep2) .. mid end local add_unit = (parms.abbr == 'mos') or parms[parms.opt_flip and 'out_range_x' or 'in_range_x'] or (not want_name and parms.abbr_range_x) local range = parms.range if range and not add_unit then unlink(first_unit) end local id = range and make_id(parms, range.n + 1, first_unit) or id1 local extra, was_hyphenated = hyphenated_maybe(parms, want_name, sep, id, 'in') if was_hyphenated then add_unit = false end local result local valinfo = first_unit.valinfo if range then for i = 0, range.n do local number_word if i == range.n then add_unit = false number_word = true end decorate_value(parms, first_unit, i+1, number_word) local show = valinfo[i+1].show if add_unit then show = show .. first_unit.sep .. (i == 0 and id1 or make_id(parms, i+1, first_unit)) end if i == 0 then result = show else result = range_text(range[i], want_name, parms, result, show, 'in') end end else decorate_value(parms, first_unit, 1, true) result = valinfo[1].show end return result .. preunit .. extra end local function process_one_output(parms, out_current) -- Processing required for each output unit. -- Return block of text to represent output (value/unit). local inout = out_current.inout -- normally 'out' but can be 'in' for order=out local id1, want_name = make_id(parms, 1, out_current) local sep = out_current.sep -- set by make_id local preunit = parms.preunit2 if preunit then sep = '' -- any separator is included in preunit else preunit = '' end if parms.opt_output_unit_only then if want_name and parms.opt_adjectival then return preunit .. hyphenated(id1) end return preunit .. id1 end if out_current.builtin == 'mach' and out_current.sep ~= '' then -- '' means omitsep with non-enwiki name local prefix = id1 .. '&nbsp;' local range = parms.range local valinfo = out_current.valinfo local result = prefix .. valinfo[1].show if range then -- For simplicity and because more not needed, handle one range item only. result = range_text(range[1], want_name, parms, result, prefix .. valinfo[2].show, inout) end return preunit .. result end local add_unit = (parms[parms.opt_flip and 'in_range_x' or 'out_range_x'] or (not want_name and parms.abbr_range_x)) and not parms.opt_output_number_only local range = parms.range if range and not add_unit then unlink(out_current) end local id = range and make_id(parms, range.n + 1, out_current) or id1 local extra, was_hyphenated = hyphenated_maybe(parms, want_name, sep, id, inout) if was_hyphenated then add_unit = false end local result local valinfo = out_current.valinfo if range then for i = 0, range.n do local number_word if i == range.n then add_unit = false number_word = true end decorate_value(parms, out_current, i+1, number_word) local show = valinfo[i+1].show if add_unit then show = show .. out_current.sep .. (i == 0 and id1 or make_id(parms, i+1, out_current)) end if i == 0 then result = show else result = range_text(range[i], want_name, parms, result, show, inout) end end else decorate_value(parms, out_current, 1, true) result = valinfo[1].show end if parms.opt_output_number_only then return result end return result .. preunit .. extra end local function make_output_single(parms, in_unit_table, out_unit_table) -- Return true, item where item = wikitext of the conversion result -- for a single output (which is not a combination or a multiple); -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. if parms.opt_order_out and in_unit_table.unitcode == out_unit_table.unitcode then out_unit_table.valinfo = in_unit_table.valinfo else out_unit_table.valinfo = collection() for _, v in ipairs(in_unit_table.valinfo) do local success, info = cvtround(parms, v, in_unit_table, out_unit_table) if not success then return false, info end out_unit_table.valinfo:add(info) end end return true, process_one_output(parms, out_unit_table) end local function make_output_multiple(parms, in_unit_table, out_unit_table) -- Return true, item where item = wikitext of the conversion result -- for an output which is a multiple (like 'ftin'); -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. local inout = out_unit_table.inout -- normally 'out' but can be 'in' for order=out local multiple = out_unit_table.multiple -- table of scaling factors (will not be nil) local combos = out_unit_table.combination -- table of unit tables (will not be nil) local abbr = parms.abbr local abbr_org = parms.abbr_org local disp = parms.disp local want_name = (abbr_org == nil and (disp == 'or' or disp == 'slash')) or not (abbr == 'on' or abbr == inout or abbr == 'mos') local want_link = (parms.lk == 'on' or parms.lk == inout) local mid = parms.opt_flip and parms.mid or '' local sep1 = '&nbsp;' local sep2 = ' ' if parms.opt_adjectival and want_name then sep1 = '-' sep2 = '-' end local do_spell = parms.opt_spell_out parms.opt_spell_out = nil -- so the call to cvtround does not spell the value local function make_result(info, isfirst) local fmt, outvalue, sign local results = {} for i = 1, #combos do local tfrac, thisvalue, strforce local out_current = combos[i] out_current.inout = inout local scale = multiple[i] if i == 1 then -- least significant unit ('in' from 'ftin') local decimals out_current.frac = out_unit_table.frac local success, outinfo = cvtround(parms, info, in_unit_table, out_current) if not success then return false, outinfo end if isfirst then out_unit_table.valinfo = { outinfo } -- in case output value of first least significant unit is needed end sign = outinfo.sign tfrac = outinfo.fraction_table if outinfo.is_scientific then strforce = outinfo.show decimals = '' elseif tfrac then decimals = '' else local show = outinfo.show -- number as a string in local language local p1, p2 = show:find(numdot, 1, true) decimals = p1 and show:sub(p2 + 1) or '' -- text after numdot, if any end fmt = '%.' .. ulen(decimals) .. 'f' -- to reproduce precision if decimals == '' then if tfrac then outvalue = floor(outinfo.raw_absvalue) -- integer part only; fraction added later else outvalue = floor(outinfo.raw_absvalue + 0.5) -- keep all integer digits of least significant unit end else outvalue = outinfo.absvalue end end if scale then outvalue, thisvalue = divide(outvalue, scale) else thisvalue = outvalue end local id if want_name then if varname then local clean if strforce or tfrac then clean = '.1' -- dummy value to force name for floating point else clean = format(fmt, thisvalue) end id = variable_name(clean, out_current) else local key = 'name2' if parms.opt_adjectival then key = 'name1' elseif tfrac then if thisvalue == 0 then key = 'name1' end elseif parms.opt_singular then if 0 < thisvalue and thisvalue < 1.0001 then key = 'name1' end else if thisvalue == 1 then key = 'name1' end end id = out_current[key] end else id = out_current['symbol'] end if i == 1 and omit_separator(id) then -- Testing the id of the least significant unit should be sufficient. sep1 = '' sep2 = '' end if want_link then local link = out_current.link if link then id = make_link(link, id, out_current) end end local strval local spell_inout = (i == #combos or outvalue == 0) and inout or '' -- trick so the last value processed (first displayed) has uppercase, if requested if strforce and outvalue == 0 then sign = '' -- any sign is in strforce strval = strforce -- show small values in scientific notation; will only use least significant unit elseif tfrac then local wholestr = (thisvalue > 0) and tostring(thisvalue) or nil strval = format_fraction(parms, spell_inout, false, wholestr, tfrac.numstr, tfrac.denstr, do_spell) else strval = (thisvalue == 0) and from_en('0') or with_separator(parms, format(fmt, thisvalue)) if do_spell then strval = spell_number(parms, spell_inout, strval) or strval end end table.insert(results, strval .. sep1 .. id) if outvalue == 0 then break end fmt = '%.0f' -- only least significant unit can have a non-integral value end local reversed, count = {}, #results for i = 1, count do reversed[i] = results[count + 1 - i] end return true, sign .. table.concat(reversed, sep2) end local valinfo = in_unit_table.valinfo local success, result = make_result(valinfo[1], true) if not success then return false, result end local range = parms.range if range then for i = 1, range.n do local success, result2 = make_result(valinfo[i+1]) if not success then return false, result2 end result = range_text(range[i], want_name, parms, result, result2, inout) end end return true, result .. mid end local function process(parms, in_unit_table, out_unit_table) -- Return true, s, outunit where s = final wikitext result, -- or return false, t where t is an error message table. linked_pages = {} local success, bad_output local bad_input_mcode = in_unit_table.bad_mcode -- nil if input unit is a valid convert unit local out_unit = parms.out_unit if out_unit == nil or out_unit == '' or type(out_unit) == 'function' then if bad_input_mcode or parms.opt_input_unit_only then bad_output = '' else local getdef = type(out_unit) == 'function' and out_unit or get_default success, out_unit = getdef(in_unit_table.valinfo[1].value, in_unit_table) parms.out_unit = out_unit if not success then bad_output = out_unit end end end if not bad_output and not out_unit_table then success, out_unit_table = lookup(parms, out_unit, 'any_combination') if success then local mismatch = check_mismatch(in_unit_table, out_unit_table) if mismatch then bad_output = mismatch end else bad_output = out_unit_table end end local lhs, rhs local flipped = parms.opt_flip and not bad_input_mcode if bad_output then rhs = (bad_output == '') and '' or message(parms, bad_output) elseif parms.opt_input_unit_only then rhs = '' else local combos -- nil (for 'ft' or 'ftin'), or table of unit tables (for 'm ft') if not out_unit_table.multiple then -- nil/false ('ft' or 'm ft'), or table of factors ('ftin') combos = out_unit_table.combination end local frac = parms.frac -- nil or denominator of fraction for output values if frac then -- Apply fraction to the unit (if only one), or to non-SI units (if a combination), -- except that if a precision is also specified, the fraction only applies to -- the hand unit; that allows the following result: -- {{convert|156|cm|in hand|1|frac=2}} → 156 centimetres (61.4 in; 15.1½ hands) -- However, the following is handled elsewhere as a special case: -- {{convert|156|cm|hand in|1|frac=2}} → 156 centimetres (15.1½ hands; 61½ in) if combos then local precision = parms.precision for _, unit in ipairs(combos) do if unit.builtin == 'hand' or (not precision and not unit.prefixes) then unit.frac = frac end end else out_unit_table.frac = frac end end local outputs = {} local imax = combos and #combos or 1 -- 1 (single unit) or number of unit tables if imax == 1 then parms.opt_order_out = nil -- only useful with an output combination end if not flipped and not parms.opt_order_out then -- Process left side first so any duplicate links (from lk=on) are suppressed -- on right. Example: {{convert|28|e9pc|e9ly|abbr=off|lk=on}} lhs = process_input(parms, in_unit_table) end for i = 1, imax do local success, item local out_current = combos and combos[i] or out_unit_table out_current.inout = 'out' if i == 1 then if imax > 1 and out_current.builtin == 'hand' then out_current.out_next = combos[2] -- built-in hand can influence next unit in a combination end if parms.opt_order_out then out_current.inout = 'in' end end if out_current.multiple then success, item = make_output_multiple(parms, in_unit_table, out_current) else success, item = make_output_single(parms, in_unit_table, out_current) end if not success then return false, item end outputs[i] = item end if parms.opt_order_out then lhs = outputs[1] table.remove(outputs, 1) end local sep = parms.table_joins and parms.table_joins[2] or parms.join_between rhs = table.concat(outputs, sep) end if flipped or not lhs then local input = process_input(parms, in_unit_table) if flipped then lhs = rhs rhs = input else lhs = input end end if parms.join_before then lhs = parms.join_before .. lhs end local wikitext if bad_input_mcode then if bad_input_mcode == '' then wikitext = lhs else wikitext = lhs .. message(parms, bad_input_mcode) end elseif parms.table_joins then wikitext = parms.table_joins[1] .. lhs .. parms.table_joins[2] .. rhs else wikitext = lhs .. parms.joins[1] .. rhs .. parms.joins[2] end if parms.warnings and not bad_input_mcode then wikitext = wikitext .. parms.warnings end return true, wikitext, out_unit_table end local function main_convert(frame) -- Do convert, and if needed, do it again with higher default precision. local parms = { frame = frame } -- will hold template arguments, after translation set_config(frame.args) local success, result = get_parms(parms, frame:getParent().args) if success then if type(result) ~= 'table' then return tostring(result) end local in_unit_table = result local out_unit_table for _ = 1, 2 do -- use counter so cannot get stuck repeating convert success, result, out_unit_table = process(parms, in_unit_table, out_unit_table) if success and parms.do_convert_again then parms.do_convert_again = false else break end end end -- If input=x gives a problem, the result should be just the user input -- (if x is a property like P123 it has been replaced with ''). -- An unknown input unit would display the input and an error message -- with success == true at this point. -- Also, can have success == false with a message that outputs an empty string. if parms.input_text then if success and not parms.have_problem then return result end local cat if parms.tracking then -- Add a tracking category using the given text as the category sort key. -- There is currently only one type of tracking, but in principle multiple -- items could be tracked, using different sort keys for convenience. cat = wanted_category('tracking', parms.tracking) end return parms.input_text .. (cat or '') end return success and result or message(parms, result) end local function _unit(unitcode, options) -- Helper function for Module:Val to look up a unit. -- Parameter unitcode must be a string to identify the wanted unit. -- Parameter options must be nil or a table with optional fields: -- value = number (for sort key; default value is 1) -- scaled_top = nil for a normal unit, or a number for a unit which is -- the denominator of a per unit (for sort key) -- si = { 'symbol', 'link' } -- (a table with two strings) to make an SI unit -- that will be used for the look up -- link = true if result should be [[linked]] -- sort = 'on' or 'debug' if result should include a sort key in a -- span element ('debug' makes the key visible) -- name = true for the name of the unit instead of the symbol -- us = true for the US spelling of the unit, if any -- Return nil if unitcode is not a non-empty string. -- Otherwise return a table with fields: -- text = requested symbol or name of unit, optionally linked -- scaled_value = input value adjusted by unit scale; used for sort key -- sortspan = span element with sort key like that provided by {{ntsh}}, -- calculated from the result of converting value -- to a base unit with scale 1. -- unknown = true if the unitcode was not known unitcode = strip(unitcode) if unitcode == nil or unitcode == '' then return nil end set_config({}) linked_pages = {} options = options or {} local parms = { abbr = options.name and 'off' or 'on', lk = options.link and 'on' or nil, opt_sp_us = options.us and true or nil, opt_ignore_error = true, -- do not add pages using this function to 'what links here' for Module:Convert/extra opt_sortable_on = options.sort == 'on' or options.sort == 'debug', opt_sortable_debug = options.sort == 'debug', } if options.si then -- Make a dummy table of units (just one unit) for lookup to use. -- This makes lookup recognize any SI prefix in the unitcode. local symbol = options.si[1] or '?' parms.unittable = { [symbol] = { _name1 = symbol, _name2 = symbol, _symbol = symbol, utype = symbol, scale = symbol == 'g' and 0.001 or 1, prefixes = 1, default = symbol, link = options.si[2], }} end local success, unit_table = lookup(parms, unitcode, 'no_combination') if not success then unit_table = setmetatable({ symbol = unitcode, name2 = unitcode, utype = unitcode, scale = 1, default = '', defkey = '', linkey = '' }, unit_mt) end local value = tonumber(options.value) or 1 local clean = tostring(abs(value)) local info = { value = value, altvalue = value, singular = (clean == '1'), clean = clean, show = clean, } unit_table.inout = 'in' unit_table.valinfo = { info } local sortspan, scaled_value if options.sort then sortspan, scaled_value = make_table_or_sort(parms, value, info, unit_table, options.scaled_top) end return { text = make_id(parms, 1, unit_table), sortspan = sortspan, scaled_value = scaled_value, unknown = not success and true or nil, } end return { convert = main_convert, _unit = _unit } seyns5hebgr35j2xcio380rdnt27x83 828 3786149 7240311 2026-07-05T15:53:12Z Sree1959 2594881 மோட்யூல் உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7240311 Scribunto text/plain -- Conversion data used by [[Module:Wy/ta/Convert]] which uses mw.loadData() for -- read-only access to this module so that it is loaded only once per page. -- See [[:en:Template:Convert/Transwiki guide]] if copying to another wiki. -- -- These data tables follow: -- all_units all properties for a unit, including default output -- default_exceptions exceptions for default output ('kg' and 'g' have different defaults) -- link_exceptions exceptions for links ('kg' and 'g' have different links) -- -- These tables are generated by a script which reads the wikitext of a page that -- documents the required properties of each unit; see [[:en:Module:Convert/doc]]. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local all_units = { ["Gy"] = { _name1 = "gray", _symbol = "Gy", utype = "absorbed radiation dose", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "rad", link = "Gray (unit)", }, ["rad"] = { _name1 = "rad", _symbol = "rad", utype = "absorbed radiation dose", scale = 0.01, prefixes = 1, default = "Gy", link = "Rad (unit)", }, ["cm/s2"] = { name1 = "centimetre per second squared", name1_us = "centimeter per second squared", name2 = "centimetres per second squared", name2_us = "centimeters per second squared", symbol = "cm/s²", utype = "acceleration", scale = 0.01, default = "ft/s2", link = "Gal (unit)", }, ["ft/s2"] = { name1 = "foot per second squared", name2 = "feet per second squared", symbol = "ft/s²", utype = "acceleration", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s2", }, ["g0"] = { name1 = "standard gravity", name2 = "standard gravities", symbol = "''g₀''", utype = "acceleration", scale = 9.80665, default = "m/s2", }, ["km/hs"] = { name1 = "kilometre per hour per second", name1_us = "kilometer per hour per second", name2 = "kilometres per hour per second", name2_us = "kilometers per hour per second", symbol = "km/(h⋅s)", utype = "acceleration", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mph/s", link = "Acceleration", }, ["km/s2"] = { name1 = "kilometre per second squared", name1_us = "kilometer per second squared", name2 = "kilometres per second squared", name2_us = "kilometers per second squared", symbol = "km/s²", utype = "acceleration", scale = 1000, default = "mph/s", link = "Acceleration", }, ["m/s2"] = { name1 = "metre per second squared", name1_us = "meter per second squared", name2 = "metres per second squared", name2_us = "meters per second squared", symbol = "m/s²", utype = "acceleration", scale = 1, default = "ft/s2", }, ["mph/s"] = { name1 = "mile per hour per second", name2 = "miles per hour per second", symbol = "mph/s", utype = "acceleration", scale = 0.44704, default = "km/hs", link = "Acceleration", }, ["km/h/s"] = { target = "km/hs", }, ["standard gravity"] = { target = "g0", }, ["1000sqft"] = { name1 = "thousand square feet", name2 = "thousand square feet", symbol = "1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft", utype = "area", scale = 92.90304, default = "m2", link = "Square foot", }, ["a"] = { _name1 = "are", _symbol = "a", utype = "area", scale = 100, prefixes = 1, default = "sqft", link = "Hectare#Are", }, ["acre"] = { symbol = "acre", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 4046.8564224, default = "ha", subdivs = { ["rood"] = { 4, default = "ha" }, ["sqperch"] = { 160, default = "ha" } }, }, ["acre-sing"] = { target = "acre", }, ["arpent"] = { symbol = "arpent", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 3418.89, default = "ha", }, ["cda"] = { name1 = "cuerda", symbol = "cda", utype = "area", scale = 3930.395625, default = "ha acre", }, ["daa"] = { name1 = "decare", symbol = "daa", utype = "area", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", }, ["dunam"] = { symbol = "dunam", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", }, ["dunum"] = { symbol = "dunum", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", link = "Dunam", }, ["ha"] = { name1 = "hectare", symbol = "ha", utype = "area", scale = 10000, default = "acre", }, ["hectare"] = { name1 = "hectare", symbol = "ha", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 10000, default = "acre", }, ["Irish acre"] = { name1 = "Irish acre", symbol = "Irish&nbsp;acres", utype = "area", scale = 6555.2385024, default = "ha", link = "Acre (Irish)", }, ["m2"] = { _name1 = "square metre", _name1_us= "square meter", _symbol = "m²", prefix_position= 8, utype = "area", scale = 1, prefixes = 2, default = "sqft", link = "Square metre", }, ["pondemaat"] = { name1 = "pondemaat", name2 = "pondemaat", symbol = "pond", utype = "area", scale = 3674.363358816, default = "m2", link = ":nl:pondemaat", }, ["pyeong"] = { name2 = "pyeong", symbol = "pyeong", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 3.3057851239669422, default = "m2", }, ["rai"] = { name2 = "rai", symbol = "rai", utype = "area", scale = 1600, default = "m2", link = "Rai (unit)", }, ["rood"] = { symbol = "rood", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 1011.7141056, default = "sqft m2", subdivs = { ["sqperch"] = { 40, default = "m2" } }, link = "Rood (unit)", }, ["sqfoot"] = { name1 = "square foot", name2 = "square foot", symbol = "sq&nbsp;ft", utype = "area", scale = 0.09290304, default = "m2", }, ["sqft"] = { name1 = "square foot", name2 = "square feet", symbol = "sq&nbsp;ft", utype = "area", scale = 0.09290304, default = "m2", }, ["sqin"] = { name1 = "square inch", name2 = "square inches", symbol = "sq&nbsp;in", utype = "area", scale = 0.00064516, default = "cm2", }, ["sqmi"] = { name1 = "square mile", symbol = "sq&nbsp;mi", utype = "area", scale = 2589988.110336, default = "km2", }, ["sqnmi"] = { name1 = "square nautical mile", symbol = "sq&nbsp;nmi", utype = "area", scale = 3429904, default = "km2 sqmi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["sqperch"] = { name2 = "perches", symbol = "perch", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 25.29285264, default = "m2", link = "Perch (unit)#Area", }, ["sqverst"] = { symbol = "square verst", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 1138062.24, default = "km2 sqmi", link = "Verst", }, ["sqyd"] = { name1 = "square yard", symbol = "sq&nbsp;yd", utype = "area", scale = 0.83612736, default = "m2", }, ["tsubo"] = { name2 = "tsubo", symbol = "tsubo", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 3.3057851239669422, default = "m2", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Area", }, ["acres"] = { target = "acre", }, ["are"] = { target = "a", }, ["decare"] = { target = "daa", }, ["foot2"] = { target = "sqfoot", }, ["ft2"] = { target = "sqft", }, ["in2"] = { target = "sqin", symbol = "in²", }, ["km²"] = { target = "km2", }, ["mi2"] = { target = "sqmi", }, ["million acre"] = { target = "e6acre", }, ["million acres"] = { target = "e6acre", }, ["million hectares"] = { target = "e6ha", }, ["m²"] = { target = "m2", }, ["nmi2"] = { target = "sqnmi", }, ["pond"] = { target = "pondemaat", }, ["sq arp"] = { target = "arpent", }, ["sqkm"] = { target = "km2", }, ["sqm"] = { target = "m2", }, ["square verst"] = { target = "sqverst", }, ["verst2"] = { target = "sqverst", }, ["yd2"] = { target = "sqyd", }, ["m2/ha"] = { name1 = "square metre per hectare", name1_us = "square meter per hectare", name2 = "square metres per hectare", name2_us = "square meters per hectare", symbol = "m²/ha", utype = "area per unit area", scale = 0.0001, default = "sqft/acre", link = "Basal area", }, ["sqft/acre"] = { name1 = "square foot per acre", name2 = "square feet per acre", symbol = "sq&nbsp;ft/acre", utype = "area per unit area", scale = 2.295684113865932e-5, default = "m2/ha", link = "Basal area", }, ["cent"] = { name1 = "cent", symbol = "¢", utype = "cent", scale = 1, default = "cent", link = "Cent (currency)", }, ["¢"] = { target = "cent", }, ["A.h"] = { name1 = "ampere hour", symbol = "A⋅h", utype = "charge", scale = 3600, default = "coulomb", }, ["coulomb"] = { _name1 = "coulomb", _symbol = "C", utype = "charge", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "e", link = "Coulomb", }, ["e"] = { name1 = "elementary charge", symbol = "''e''", utype = "charge", scale = 1.602176487e-19, default = "coulomb", }, ["g-mol"] = { name1 = "gram-mole", symbol = "g&#8209;mol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 1, default = "lbmol", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol"] = { name1 = "gram-mole", symbol = "gmol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 1, default = "lbmol", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol"] = { name1 = "kilomole", symbol = "kmol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 1000, default = "lbmol", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["lb-mol"] = { name1 = "pound-mole", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 453.59237, default = "mol", link = "Mole (unit)#Other units called \"mole\"", }, ["lbmol"] = { name1 = "pound-mole", symbol = "lbmol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 453.59237, default = "mol", link = "Mole (unit)#Other units called \"mole\"", }, ["mol"] = { name1 = "mole", symbol = "mol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 1, default = "lbmol", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kgCO2/L"] = { name1 = "kilogram per litre", name1_us = "kilogram per liter", name2 = "kilograms per litre", name2_us = "kilograms per liter", symbol = "kg(CO₂)/L", utype = "co2 per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "lbCO2/USgal", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lbCO2/USgal"] = { name1 = "pound per US gallon", name2 = "pounds per US gallon", symbol = "lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal", utype = "co2 per unit volume", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kgCO2/L", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["oz/lb"] = { per = { "oz", "lb" }, utype = "concentration", default = "mg/kg", }, ["mg/kg"] = { per = { "mg", "kg" }, utype = "concentration", default = "oz/lb", }, ["g/dm3"] = { name1 = "gram per cubic decimetre", name1_us = "gram per cubic decimeter", name2 = "grams per cubic decimetre", name2_us = "grams per cubic decimeter", symbol = "g/dm³", utype = "density", scale = 1, default = "kg/m3", link = "Density", }, ["g/L"] = { name1 = "gram per litre", name1_us = "gram per liter", name2 = "grams per litre", name2_us = "grams per liter", symbol = "g/L", utype = "density", scale = 1, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["g/mL"] = { name1 = "gram per millilitre", name1_us = "gram per milliliter", name2 = "grams per millilitre", name2_us = "grams per milliliter", symbol = "g/mL", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["g/ml"] = { name1 = "gram per millilitre", name1_us = "gram per milliliter", name2 = "grams per millilitre", name2_us = "grams per milliliter", symbol = "g/ml", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["kg/dm3"] = { name1 = "kilogram per cubic decimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per cubic decimeter", name2 = "kilograms per cubic decimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per cubic decimeter", symbol = "kg/dm³", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuft", link = "Density", }, ["kg/L"] = { name1 = "kilogram per litre", name1_us = "kilogram per liter", name2 = "kilograms per litre", name2_us = "kilograms per liter", symbol = "kg/L", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/USgal", link = "Density", }, ["kg/l"] = { name1 = "kilogram per litre", name1_us = "kilogram per liter", name2 = "kilograms per litre", name2_us = "kilograms per liter", symbol = "kg/l", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/USgal", link = "Density", }, ["kg/m3"] = { name1 = "kilogram per cubic metre", name1_us = "kilogram per cubic meter", name2 = "kilograms per cubic metre", name2_us = "kilograms per cubic meter", symbol = "kg/m³", utype = "density", scale = 1, default = "lb/cuyd", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuft"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic foot", name2 = "pounds per cubic foot", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "density", scale = 16.018463373960142, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuin"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds per cubic inch", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuyd"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic yard", name2 = "pounds per cubic yard", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;yd", utype = "density", scale = 0.5932764212577829, default = "kg/m3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/impgal"] = { name1 = "pound per imperial gallon", name2 = "pounds per imperial gallon", symbol = "lb/imp&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 99.776372663101697, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lb/in3"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds per cubic inch", symbol = "lb/cu&thinsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/U.S.gal"] = { name1 = "pound per U.S. gallon", name2 = "pounds per U.S. gallon", symbol = "lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lb/USbu"] = { name1 = "pound per US bushel", name2 = "pounds per US bushel", symbol = "lb/US&nbsp;bu", utype = "density", scale = 12.871859780974471, default = "kg/m3", link = "Bushel", }, ["lb/USgal"] = { name1 = "pound per US gallon", name2 = "pounds per US gallon", symbol = "lb/US&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lbm/cuin"] = { name1 = "pound mass per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds mass per cubic inch", symbol = "lbm/cu&thinsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["mg/L"] = { name1 = "milligram per litre", name1_us = "milligram per liter", name2 = "milligrams per litre", name2_us = "milligrams per liter", symbol = "mg/L", utype = "density", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["oz/cuin"] = { name1 = "ounce per cubic inch", name2 = "ounces per cubic inch", symbol = "oz/cu&nbsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 1729.9940443876951, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["g/cm3"] = { per = { "g", "cm3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuin", }, ["g/m3"] = { per = { "g", "m3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuyd", link = "Density", }, ["Mg/m3"] = { per = { "Mg", "m3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuft", }, ["mg/l"] = { per = { "mg", "l" }, utype = "density", default = "oz/cuin", }, ["μg/dL"] = { per = { "μg", "dL" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuin", }, ["μg/l"] = { per = { "μg", "l" }, utype = "density", default = "oz/cuin", }, ["lb/ft3"] = { target = "lb/cuft", }, ["lb/yd3"] = { target = "lb/cuyd", }, ["lbm/in3"] = { target = "lbm/cuin", }, ["mcg/dL"] = { target = "μg/dL", }, ["oz/in3"] = { target = "oz/cuin", }, ["ug/dL"] = { target = "μg/dL", }, ["ug/l"] = { target = "μg/l", }, ["B.O.T.U."] = { name1 = "Board of Trade Unit", symbol = "B.O.T.U.", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["bboe"] = { name1 = "barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "bboe", utype = "energy", scale = 6117863200, default = "GJ", }, ["BOE"] = { name1 = "barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "BOE", utype = "energy", scale = 6117863200, default = "GJ", }, ["BTU"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit", symbol = "BTU", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", }, ["Btu"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit", symbol = "Btu", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", }, ["BTU-39F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (39°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (39°F)", symbol = "BTU_39°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1059.67, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-39F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (39°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (39°F)", symbol = "Btu_39°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1059.67, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-59F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (59°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (59°F)", symbol = "BTU_59°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.804, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-59F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (59°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (59°F)", symbol = "Btu_59°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.804, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-60F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (60°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (60°F)", symbol = "BTU_60°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.68, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-60F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (60°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (60°F)", symbol = "Btu_60°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.68, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-63F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (63°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (63°F)", symbol = "BTU_63°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.6, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-63F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (63°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (63°F)", symbol = "Btu_63°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.6, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-ISO"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (ISO)", name2 = "British thermal units (ISO)", symbol = "BTU_ISO", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.056, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-ISO"] = { target = "BTU-ISO", }, ["BTU-IT"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (IT)", name2 = "British thermal units (IT)", symbol = "BTU_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-IT"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (IT)", name2 = "British thermal units (IT)", symbol = "Btu_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-mean"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (mean)", name2 = "British thermal units (mean)", symbol = "BTU_mean", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.87, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-mean"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (mean)", name2 = "British thermal units (mean)", symbol = "Btu_mean", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.87, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-th"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (thermochemical)", name2 = "British thermal units (thermochemical)", symbol = "BTU_th", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.35026444, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-th"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (thermochemical)", name2 = "British thermal units (thermochemical)", symbol = "Btu_th", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.35026444, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Cal"] = { name1 = "calorie", symbol = "Cal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", }, ["cal"] = { name1 = "calorie", symbol = "cal", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184, default = "J", }, ["Cal-15"] = { name1 = "Calorie (15°C)", name2 = "Calories (15°C)", symbol = "Cal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-15"] = { name1 = "calorie (15°C)", name2 = "calories (15°C)", symbol = "cal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1858, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal-IT"] = { name1 = "Calorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "Calories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "Cal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-IT"] = { name1 = "calorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "calories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "cal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal-th"] = { name1 = "Calorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "Calories (thermochemical)", symbol = "Cal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-th"] = { name1 = "calorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "calories (thermochemical)", symbol = "cal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["ccatm"] = { name1 = "cubic centimetre-atmosphere", name1_us = "cubic centimeter-atmosphere", symbol = "cc⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 0.101325, default = "mJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["CHU-IT"] = { name1 = "Celsius heat unit (International Table)", name2 = "Celsius heat units (International Table)", symbol = "CHU_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1899.100534716, default = "kJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["cm3atm"] = { name1 = "cubic centimetre-atmosphere", name1_us = "cubic centimeter-atmosphere", symbol = "cm³⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 0.101325, default = "mJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["cufootatm"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of atmosphere", name2 = "cubic foot of atmosphere", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft&nbsp;atm", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["cufootnaturalgas"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of natural gas", name2 = "cubic foot of natural gas", symbol = "cuftnaturalgas", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 1055055.85262, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["cuftatm"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of atmosphere", name2 = "cubic feet of atmosphere", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft&nbsp;atm", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["cuftnaturalgas"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of natural gas", name2 = "cubic feet of natural gas", symbol = "cuftnaturalgas", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 1055055.85262, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["cuydatm"] = { name1 = "cubic yard of atmosphere", name2 = "cubic yards of atmosphere", symbol = "cu&nbsp;yd&nbsp;atm", utype = "energy", scale = 77468.5209852288, default = "kJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["Eh"] = { name1 = "Hartree", symbol = "''E''_h", utype = "energy", scale = 4.35974417e-18, default = "eV", }, ["erg"] = { symbol = "erg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0000001, default = "μJ", }, ["eV"] = { name1 = "electronvolt", symbol = "eV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176487e-19, default = "aJ", }, ["feV"] = { name1 = "femtoelectronvolt", symbol = "feV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176487e-34, default = "yJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["foe"] = { symbol = "foe", utype = "energy", scale = 1e44, default = "YJ", link = "Foe (unit)", }, ["ftlb"] = { name1 = "foot-pound", symbol = "ft⋅lb", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftlb-f"] = { name1 = "foot-pound force", name2 = "foot-pounds force", symbol = "ft⋅lb_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftlbf"] = { name1 = "foot-pound force", name2 = "foot-pounds force", symbol = "ft⋅lbf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftpdl"] = { name1 = "foot-poundal", symbol = "ft⋅pdl", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0421401100938048, default = "J", }, ["GeV"] = { name1 = "gigaelectronvolt", symbol = "GeV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176487e-10, default = "nJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["GLatm"] = { name1 = "gigalitre-atmosphere", name1_us = "gigaliter-atmosphere", symbol = "GL⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 101325000000, default = "GJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["Glatm"] = { name1 = "gigalitre-atmosphere", name1_us = "gigaliter-atmosphere", symbol = "Gl⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 101325000000, default = "GJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["gTNT"] = { name2 = "grams of TNT", symbol = "gram of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["Gtoe"] = { name1 = "gigatonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "gigatonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "Gtoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e19, default = "EJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["GtonTNT"] = { name2 = "gigatons of TNT", symbol = "gigaton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e18, default = "EJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["GtTNT"] = { name2 = "gigatonnes of TNT", symbol = "gigatonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e18, default = "EJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["GW.h"] = { name1 = "gigawatt-hour", symbol = "GW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e12, default = "TJ", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["GWh"] = { name1 = "gigawatt-hour", symbol = "GWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e12, default = "TJ", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["hph"] = { name1 = "horsepower-hour", symbol = "hp⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 2684519.537696172792, default = "kWh", link = "Horsepower", }, ["impgalatm"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon-atmosphere", symbol = "imp gal⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 460.63256925, default = "J", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["inlb"] = { name1 = "inch-pound", symbol = "in⋅lb", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inlb-f"] = { name1 = "inch-pound force", name2 = "inch-pounds force", symbol = "in⋅lb_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inlbf"] = { name1 = "inch-pound force", name2 = "inch-pounds force", symbol = "in⋅lbf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inoz-f"] = { name1 = "inch-ounce force", name2 = "inch-ounces force", symbol = "in⋅oz_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.00706155181422604375, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inozf"] = { name1 = "inch-ounce force", name2 = "inch-ounces force", symbol = "in⋅ozf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.00706155181422604375, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["J"] = { _name1 = "joule", _symbol = "J", utype = "energy", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "cal", link = "Joule", }, ["kBOE"] = { name1 = "kilo barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "kilo barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "kBOE", utype = "energy", scale = 6.1178632e12, default = "TJ", link = "Barrel of oil equivalent", }, ["kcal"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie", symbol = "kcal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-15"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (15°C)", name2 = "kilocalories (15°C)", symbol = "kcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-IT"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "kilocalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "kcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-th"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "kilocalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "kcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kerg"] = { name1 = "kiloerg", symbol = "kerg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0001, default = "mJ", link = "Erg", }, ["keV"] = { name1 = "kiloelectronvolt", symbol = "keV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176487e-16, default = "fJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["kgTNT"] = { name2 = "kilograms of TNT", symbol = "kilogram of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["kLatm"] = { name1 = "kilolitre-atmosphere", name1_us = "kiloliter-atmosphere", symbol = "kL⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 101325, default = "kJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["klatm"] = { name1 = "kilolitre-atmosphere", name1_us = "kiloliter-atmosphere", symbol = "kl⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 101325, default = "kJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["kt(TNT)"] = { name1 = "kilotonne", name1_us = "kiloton", symbol = "kt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktoe"] = { name1 = "kilotonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "kilotonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "ktoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e13, default = "TJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["ktonTNT"] = { name1 = "kiloton of TNT", name2 = "kilotons of TNT", symbol = "kt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktTNT"] = { name2 = "kilotonnes of TNT", symbol = "kilotonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["kW.h"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour", symbol = "kW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["kWh"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour", symbol = "kWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["Latm"] = { name1 = "litre-atmosphere", name1_us = "liter-atmosphere", symbol = "L⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 101.325, default = "J", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["latm"] = { name1 = "litre-atmosphere", name1_us = "liter-atmosphere", symbol = "l⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 101.325, default = "J", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["m3atm"] = { name1 = "cubic metre-atmosphere", name1_us = "cubic meter-atmosphere", symbol = "m³⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 101325, default = "kJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["Mcal"] = { name1 = "megacalorie", symbol = "Mcal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal"] = { name1 = "millicalorie", symbol = "mcal", utype = "energy", scale = 0.004184, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-15"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (15°C)", name2 = "megacalories (15°C)", symbol = "Mcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185800, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-15"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (15°C)", name2 = "millicalories (15°C)", symbol = "mcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0041858, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-IT"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "megacalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "Mcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186800, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-IT"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "millicalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "mcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0041868, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-th"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "megacalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "Mcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-th"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "millicalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "mcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 0.004184, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Merg"] = { name1 = "megaerg", symbol = "Merg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.1, default = "J", link = "Erg", }, ["merg"] = { name1 = "millierg", symbol = "merg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0000000001, default = "μJ", link = "Erg", }, ["MeV"] = { name1 = "megaelectronvolt", symbol = "MeV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176487e-13, default = "pJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["meV"] = { name1 = "millielectronvolt", symbol = "meV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176487e-22, default = "zJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["MLatm"] = { name1 = "megalitre-atmosphere", name1_us = "megaliter-atmosphere", symbol = "ML⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 101325000, default = "MJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["Mlatm"] = { name1 = "megalitre-atmosphere", name1_us = "megaliter-atmosphere", symbol = "Ml⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 101325000, default = "MJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["mLatm"] = { name1 = "millilitre-atmosphere", name1_us = "milliliter-atmosphere", symbol = "L⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 0.101325, default = "mJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["mlatm"] = { name1 = "millilitre-atmosphere", name1_us = "milliliter-atmosphere", symbol = "l⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 0.101325, default = "mJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["MMBtu"] = { name1 = "million British thermal units", name2 = "million British thermal units", symbol = "MMBtu", utype = "energy", scale = 1055055852.62, default = "GJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Mt(TNT)"] = { name1 = "megatonne", name1_us = "megaton", symbol = "Mt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["Mtoe"] = { name1 = "megatonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "megatonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "Mtoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e16, default = "PJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["MtonTNT"] = { name1 = "megaton of TNT", name2 = "megatons of TNT", symbol = "Mt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["mtonTNT"] = { name2 = "millitons of TNT", symbol = "milliton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtTNT"] = { name2 = "megatonnes of TNT", symbol = "megatonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["mtTNT"] = { name2 = "millitonnes of TNT", symbol = "millitonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MW.h"] = { name1 = "megawatt-hour", symbol = "MW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000000, default = "GJ", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["mW.h"] = { name1 = "milliwatt-hour", symbol = "mW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6, default = "J", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["MWh"] = { name1 = "megawatt-hour", symbol = "MWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000000, default = "GJ", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["mWh"] = { name1 = "milliwatt-hour", symbol = "mWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6, default = "J", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["neV"] = { name1 = "nanoelectronvolt", symbol = "neV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176487e-28, default = "yJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["PeV"] = { name1 = "petaelectronvolt", symbol = "PeV", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0001602176487, default = "mJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["peV"] = { name1 = "picoelectronvolt", symbol = "peV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176487e-31, default = "yJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["PSh"] = { name1 = "Pferdestärkenstunde", symbol = "PSh", utype = "energy", scale = 2647795.5, default = "kWh", }, ["quad"] = { name1 = "quadrillion British thermal units", name2 = "quadrillion British thermal units", symbol = "quad", utype = "energy", scale = 1.054804e18, default = "EJ", link = "Quad (unit)", }, ["Ry"] = { name1 = "rydberg", symbol = "Ry", utype = "energy", scale = 2.1798741e-18, default = "eV", link = "Rydberg constant", }, ["scc"] = { name1 = "standard cubic centimetre", name1_us = "standard cubic centimeter", symbol = "scc", utype = "energy", scale = 0.101325, default = "mJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["scf"] = { name1 = "standard cubic foot", name2 = "standard cubic feet", symbol = "scf", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["scfoot"] = { name1 = "standard cubic foot", name2 = "standard cubic foot", symbol = "scf", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["scy"] = { name1 = "standard cubic yard", symbol = "scy", utype = "energy", scale = 77468.5209852288, default = "kJ", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["sl"] = { name1 = "standard litre", name1_us = "standard liter", symbol = "sl", utype = "energy", scale = 101.325, default = "J", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["t(TNT)"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "ton", symbol = "t", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TeV"] = { name1 = "teraelectronvolt", symbol = "TeV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176487e-7, default = "μJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["th"] = { name1 = "thermie", symbol = "th", utype = "energy", scale = 4186800, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["thm-EC"] = { name1 = "therm (EC)", name2 = "therms (EC)", symbol = "thm (EC)", utype = "energy", scale = 105506000, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["thm-UK"] = { name1 = "therm (UK)", name2 = "therms (UK)", symbol = "thm (UK)", utype = "energy", scale = 105505585.257348, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["thm-US"] = { name1 = "therm (US)", name1_us = "therm (U.S.)", name2 = "therms (US)", name2_us = "therms (U.S.)", symbol = "thm (US)", sym_us = "thm (U.S.)", utype = "energy", scale = 105480400, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["toe"] = { name1 = "tonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "tonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "toe", utype = "energy", scale = 41868000000, default = "GJ", }, ["tonTNT"] = { name2 = "tons of TNT", symbol = "ton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["tTNT"] = { name2 = "tonnes of TNT", symbol = "tonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TtonTNT"] = { name2 = "teratons of TNT", symbol = "teraton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e21, default = "ZJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TtTNT"] = { name2 = "teratonnes of TNT", symbol = "teratonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e21, default = "ZJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TW.h"] = { name1 = "terawatt-hour", symbol = "TW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e15, default = "PJ", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["TWh"] = { name1 = "terawatt-hour", symbol = "TWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e15, default = "PJ", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["USgalatm"] = { name1 = "US gallon-atmosphere", name1_us = "U.S. gallon-atmosphere", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal⋅atm", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;gal⋅atm", utype = "energy", scale = 383.5568490138, default = "J", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["W.h"] = { name1 = "watt-hour", symbol = "W⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600, default = "kJ", }, ["Wh"] = { name1 = "watt-hour", symbol = "Wh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600, default = "kJ", }, ["μerg"] = { name1 = "microerg", symbol = "μerg", utype = "energy", scale = 1e-13, default = "nJ", link = "Erg", }, ["μeV"] = { name1 = "microelectronvolt", symbol = "μeV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176487e-25, default = "yJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["μW.h"] = { name1 = "microwatt-hour", symbol = "μW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0036, default = "mJ", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["μWh"] = { name1 = "microwatt-hour", symbol = "μWh", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0036, default = "mJ", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["-kW.h"] = { target = "kW.h", link = "Kilowatt hour", }, ["btu"] = { target = "BTU", }, ["Calorie"] = { target = "Cal", }, ["ft.lbf"] = { target = "ftlbf", }, ["ft·lbf"] = { target = "ftlbf", }, ["g-cal-15"] = { target = "cal-15", }, ["g-cal-IT"] = { target = "cal-IT", }, ["g-cal-th"] = { target = "cal-th", }, ["g-kcal-15"] = { target = "kcal-15", }, ["g-kcal-IT"] = { target = "kcal-IT", }, ["g-kcal-th"] = { target = "kcal-th", }, ["g-Mcal-15"] = { target = "Mcal-15", }, ["g-mcal-15"] = { target = "mcal-15", }, ["g-Mcal-IT"] = { target = "Mcal-IT", }, ["g-mcal-IT"] = { target = "mcal-IT", }, ["g-Mcal-th"] = { target = "Mcal-th", }, ["g-mcal-th"] = { target = "mcal-th", }, ["GW-h"] = { target = "GW.h", }, ["GW·h"] = { target = "GW.h", }, ["Hartree"] = { target = "Eh", }, ["hp.h"] = { target = "hph", }, ["in.lb-f"] = { target = "inlb-f", }, ["in.lbf"] = { target = "inlbf", }, ["in.oz-f"] = { target = "inoz-f", }, ["in.ozf"] = { target = "inozf", }, ["kbboe"] = { target = "kBOE", symbol = "kbboe", }, ["kg-cal-15"] = { target = "Cal-15", }, ["kg-cal-IT"] = { target = "Cal-IT", }, ["kg-cal-th"] = { target = "Cal-th", }, ["kW-h"] = { target = "kW.h", }, ["kW·h"] = { target = "kW.h", }, ["MW-h"] = { target = "MW.h", }, ["mW-h"] = { target = "mW.h", }, ["MW·h"] = { target = "MW.h", }, ["TW-h"] = { target = "TW.h", }, ["U.S.galatm"] = { target = "USgalatm", sp_us = true, }, ["uerg"] = { target = "μerg", }, ["ueV"] = { target = "μeV", }, ["usgalatm"] = { target = "USgalatm", }, ["uW-h"] = { target = "μW.h", }, ["uW.h"] = { target = "μW.h", }, ["uWh"] = { target = "μWh", }, ["W-h"] = { target = "W.h", }, ["eVpar"] = { _name1 = "electronvolt", _symbol = "eV", utype = "energy per chemical amount", scale = 96485.329522144166, prefixes = 1, default = "kcal/mol", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["kcal/mol"] = { per = { "kcal", "mol" }, utype = "energy per chemical amount", default = "kJ/mol", link = "Kilocalorie per mole", }, ["kJ/mol"] = { per = { "kJ", "mol" }, utype = "energy per chemical amount", default = "kcal/mol", link = "Joule per mole", }, ["kWh/100 km"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometres", name1_us = "kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometers", name2 = "kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometres", name2_us = "kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometers", symbol = "kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 36, default = "MJ/km kWh/mi", link = "Watt-hour", }, ["kWh/100 mi"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour per 100 miles", name2 = "kilowatt-hours per 100 miles", symbol = "kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 22.3694, default = "mpge", link = "Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", }, ["MJ/100 km"] = { name1 = "megajoule per 100 kilometres", name1_us = "megajoule per 100 kilometers", name2 = "megajoules per 100 kilometres", name2_us = "megajoules per 100 kilometers", symbol = "MJ/100&nbsp;km", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 10, default = "BTU/mi", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["mpge"] = { name1 = "mile per gallon gasoline equivalent", name2 = "miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", symbol = "mpg&#8209;e", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 13e-6, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "kWh/100 mi", link = "Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", }, ["BTU/mi"] = { per = { "BTU", "mi" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km", }, ["kJ/km"] = { per = { "kJ", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "BTU/mi", }, ["kWh/km"] = { per = { "-kW.h", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "MJ/km kWh/mi", }, ["kWh/mi"] = { per = { "-kW.h", "mi" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "kWh/km MJ/km", }, ["MJ/km"] = { per = { "MJ", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "BTU/mi", }, ["mpg-e"] = { target = "mpge", }, ["BTU/lb"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit per pound", name2 = "British thermal units per pound", symbol = "BTU/lb", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 429.92261414790346, default = "kJ/kg", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["cal/g"] = { name1 = "calorie per gram", name2 = "calories per gram", symbol = "cal/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184, default = "J/g", }, ["GJ/kg"] = { name1 = "gigajoule per kilogram", name2 = "gigajoules per kilogram", symbol = "GJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1e9, default = "ktTNT/t", link = "Specific energy", }, ["J/g"] = { name1 = "joule per gram", name2 = "joules per gram", symbol = "J/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "kcal/g", link = "Specific energy", }, ["kcal/g"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie per gram", name2 = "kilocalories per gram", symbol = "kcal/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000, default = "kJ/g", }, ["kJ/g"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per gram", name2 = "kilojoules per gram", symbol = "kJ/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000000, default = "kcal/g", link = "Specific energy", }, ["kJ/kg"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per kilogram", name2 = "kilojoules per kilogram", symbol = "kJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "BTU/lb", link = "Specific energy", }, ["ktonTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "kilotons of TNT per metric ton", symbol = "kiloton of TNT per metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktTNT/t"] = { name2 = "kilotonnes of TNT per tonne", symbol = "kilotonne of TNT per tonne", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtonTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "megatons of TNT per metric ton", symbol = "megaton of TNT per metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "megatonnes of TNT per tonne", symbol = "megatonne of TNT per tonne", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TJ/kg"] = { name1 = "terajoule per kilogram", name2 = "terajoules per kilogram", symbol = "TJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1e12, default = "MtTNT/MT", link = "Specific energy", }, ["Cal/g"] = { per = { "Cal", "g" }, utype = "energy per unit mass", default = "kJ/g", }, ["BTU/cuft"] = { per = { "BTU", "cuft" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/12USoz(mL)serve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USoz(mL)serve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/12USoz(ml)serve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USoz(ml)serve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/l", }, ["Cal/12USozserve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USozserve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/USoz"] = { per = { "Cal", "USoz" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/ml", }, ["kJ/L"] = { per = { "kJ", "L" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["kJ/l"] = { per = { "kJ", "l" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["kJ/ml"] = { per = { "kJ", "ml" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "Cal/USoz", }, ["MJ/m3"] = { per = { "MJ", "m3" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["Sv"] = { _name1 = "sievert", _symbol = "Sv", utype = "equivalent radiation dose", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "rem", link = "Sievert", }, ["rem"] = { _name1 = "rem", _symbol = "rem", utype = "equivalent radiation dose", scale = 0.01, prefixes = 1, default = "Sv", link = "Roentgen equivalent man", }, ["g/km"] = { name1 = "gram per kilometre", name1_us = "gram per kilometer", name2 = "grams per kilometre", name2_us = "grams per kilometer", symbol = "g/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1e-6, default = "oz/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["g/mi"] = { name1 = "gram per mile", name2 = "grams per mile", symbol = "g/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 6.2137119223733397e-7, default = "g/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["gCO2/km"] = { name1 = "gram of CO₂ per kilometre", name1_us = "gram of CO₂ per kilometer", name2 = "grams of CO₂ per kilometre", name2_us = "grams of CO₂ per kilometer", symbol = "g(CO₂)/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1e-6, default = "ozCO2/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["gCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "gram of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "grams of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "g(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 6.2137119223733397e-7, default = "gCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["kg/km"] = { name1 = "kilogram per kilometre", name1_us = "kilogram per kilometer", name2 = "kilograms per kilometre", name2_us = "kilograms per kilometer", symbol = "kg/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["kgCO2/km"] = { name1 = "kilogram of CO₂ per kilometre", name1_us = "kilogram of CO₂ per kilometer", name2 = "kilograms of CO₂ per kilometre", name2_us = "kilograms of CO₂ per kilometer", symbol = "kg(CO₂)/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.001, default = "lbCO2/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lb/mi"] = { name1 = "pound per mile", name2 = "pounds per mile", symbol = "lb/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.00028184923173665794, default = "kg/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lbCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "pound of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "pounds of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "lb(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.00028184923173665794, default = "kgCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["oz/mi"] = { name1 = "ounce per mile", name2 = "ounces per mile", symbol = "oz/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1.7615576983541121e-5, default = "g/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["ozCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "ounce of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "ounces of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "oz(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1.7615576983541121e-5, default = "gCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["cuft/a"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per annum", name2 = "cubic feet per annum", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/a", utype = "flow", scale = 8.9730672142368242e-10, default = "m3/a", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/d"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per day", name2 = "cubic feet per day", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/d", utype = "flow", scale = 3.2774128000000003e-7, default = "m3/d", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/h"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per hour", name2 = "cubic feet per hour", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/h", utype = "flow", scale = 7.8657907200000004e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/min"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per minute", name2 = "cubic feet per minute", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/min", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00047194744319999999, default = "m3/min", link = "Cubic foot#cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/s"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per second", name2 = "cubic feet per second", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/s", utype = "flow", scale = 28316846592e-12, default = "m3/s", }, ["cumi/a"] = { name1 = "cubic mile per annum", name2 = "cubic miles per annum", symbol = "cu&nbsp;mi/a", utype = "flow", scale = 132.08171170940057, default = "km3/a", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuyd/h"] = { name1 = "cubic yard per hour", name2 = "cubic yards per hour", symbol = "cuyd/h", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00021237634944000001, default = "m3/h", link = "Cubic foot per minute", }, ["cuyd/s"] = { name1 = "cubic yard per second", name2 = "cubic yards per second", symbol = "cu&nbsp;yd/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.76455485798400002, default = "m3/s", }, ["Goilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "billion barrels per year", name2 = "billion barrels per year", symbol = "Gbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933836, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["impgal/h"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per hour", name2 = "imperial gallons per hour", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.2628027777777779e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", }, ["impgal/min"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per minute", name2 = "imperial gallons per minute", symbol = "imp gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 7.5768166666666671e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["impgal/s"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per second", name2 = "imperial gallons per second", symbol = "impgal/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00454609, default = "m3/s", link = "Imperial gallons per second", }, ["km3/a"] = { name1 = "cubic kilometre per annum", name1_us = "cubic kilometer per annum", name2 = "cubic kilometres per annum", name2_us = "cubic kilometers per annum", symbol = "km³/a", utype = "flow", scale = 31.68808781402895, default = "cumi/a", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["km3/d"] = { name1 = "cubic kilometre per day", name1_us = "cubic kilometer per day", name2 = "cubic kilometres per day", name2_us = "cubic kilometers per day", symbol = "km³/d", utype = "flow", scale = 11574.074074074075, default = "cuft/d", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["koilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels per year", name2 = "thousand barrels per year", symbol = "kbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933841e-6, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["koilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels per day", name2 = "thousand barrels per day", symbol = "kbbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 0.0018401307283333335, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["L/h"] = { name1 = "litre per hour", name1_us = "liter per hour", name2 = "litres per hour", name2_us = "liters per hour", symbol = "L/h", utype = "flow", scale = 2.7777777777777776e-7, default = "impgal/h USgal/h", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["L/min"] = { name1 = "litre per minute", name1_us = "liter per minute", name2 = "litres per minute", name2_us = "liters per minute", symbol = "L/min", utype = "flow", scale = 1.6666666666666667e-5, default = "impgal/min USgal/min", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["L/s"] = { name1 = "litre per second", name1_us = "liter per second", name2 = "litres per second", name2_us = "liters per second", symbol = "L/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.001, default = "cuft/s", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/a"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per annum", name1_us = "cubic meter per annum", name2 = "cubic metres per annum", name2_us = "cubic meters per annum", symbol = "m³/a", utype = "flow", scale = 3.1688087814028947e-8, default = "cuft/a", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/d"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per day", name1_us = "cubic meter per day", name2 = "cubic metres per day", name2_us = "cubic meters per day", symbol = "m³/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "cuft/d", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/h"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per hour", name1_us = "cubic meter per hour", name2 = "cubic metres per hour", name2_us = "cubic meters per hour", symbol = "m³/h", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "cuft/h", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/min"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per minute", name1_us = "cubic meter per minute", name2 = "cubic metres per minute", name2_us = "cubic meters per minute", symbol = "m³/min", utype = "flow", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "cuft/min", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/s"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per second", name1_us = "cubic meter per second", name2 = "cubic metres per second", name2_us = "cubic meters per second", symbol = "m³/s", utype = "flow", scale = 1, default = "cuft/s", }, ["Moilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "million barrels per year", name2 = "million barrels per year", symbol = "Mbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 0.0050380033629933837, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["Moilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "million barrels per day", name2 = "million barrels per day", symbol = "Mbbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.8401307283333335, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["oilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "barrel per year", name2 = "barrels per year", symbol = "bbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933841e-9, default = "m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["oilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "barrel per day", name2 = "barrels per day", symbol = "bbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.8401307283333336e-6, default = "m3/d", }, ["Toilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "trillion barrels per year", name2 = "trillion barrels per year", symbol = "Tbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5038.0033629933832, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["U.S.gal/d"] = { name1 = "U.S. gallon per day", name2 = "U.S. gallons per day", symbol = "U.S.&nbsp;gal/d", utype = "flow", scale = 4.3812636388888893e-8, default = "m3/s", customary= 1, }, ["U.S.gal/h"] = { name1 = "gallon per hour", name2 = "gallons per hour", symbol = "gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.0515032733333334e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", customary= 2, }, ["U.S.gal/min"] = { name1 = "U.S. gallon per minute", name2 = "U.S. gallons per minute", symbol = "U.S.&nbsp;gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 6.3090196400000003e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal/a"] = { name1 = "US gallon per year", name2 = "US gallons per year", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/a", utype = "flow", scale = 1.1995246102365199e-10, default = "m3/s", }, ["USgal/d"] = { name1 = "US gallon per day", name2 = "US gallons per day", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/d", utype = "flow", scale = 4.3812636388888893e-8, default = "m3/s", }, ["USgal/h"] = { name1 = "gallon per hour", name2 = "gallons per hour", symbol = "gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.0515032733333334e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", customary= 1, }, ["USgal/min"] = { name1 = "US gallon per minute", name2 = "US gallons per minute", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 6.3090196400000003e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal/s"] = { name1 = "US gallon per second", name1_us = "U.S. gallon per second", name2 = "US gallons per second", name2_us = "U.S. gallons per second", symbol = "USgal/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "m3/s", link = "US gallons per second", }, ["ft3/a"] = { target = "cuft/a", }, ["ft3/d"] = { target = "cuft/d", }, ["ft3/h"] = { target = "cuft/h", }, ["ft3/s"] = { target = "cuft/s", }, ["Gcuft/a"] = { target = "e9cuft/a", }, ["Gcuft/d"] = { target = "e9cuft/d", }, ["kcuft/a"] = { target = "e3cuft/a", }, ["kcuft/d"] = { target = "e3cuft/d", }, ["kcuft/s"] = { target = "e3cuft/s", }, ["Mcuft/a"] = { target = "e6cuft/a", }, ["Mcuft/d"] = { target = "e6cuft/d", }, ["Mcuft/s"] = { target = "e6cuft/s", }, ["m³/s"] = { target = "m3/s", }, ["Tcuft/a"] = { target = "e12cuft/a", }, ["Tcuft/d"] = { target = "e12cuft/d", }, ["u.s.gal/min"] = { target = "U.S.gal/min", }, ["usgal/min"] = { target = "USgal/min", }, ["-LTf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LTf", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["-STf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "STf", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["dyn"] = { name1 = "dyne", symbol = "dyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.00001, default = "gr-f", }, ["g-f"] = { name1 = "gram-force", name2 = "grams-force", symbol = "g_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN oz-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["gf"] = { name1 = "gram-force", name2 = "grams-force", symbol = "gf", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN ozf", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["gr-f"] = { name1 = "grain-force", name2 = "grains-force", symbol = "gr_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.0006354602307515, default = "μN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["grf"] = { name1 = "grain-force", name2 = "grains-force", symbol = "grf", utype = "force", scale = 0.0006354602307515, default = "μN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["kdyn"] = { name1 = "kilodyne", symbol = "kdyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.01, default = "oz-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["kg-f"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force", name2 = "kilograms-force", symbol = "kg_f", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lb-f", }, ["kgf"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force", name2 = "kilograms-force", symbol = "kgf", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lbf", }, ["kp"] = { name1 = "kilopond", symbol = "kp", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lb-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["L/T-f"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "L/T_f", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["L/Tf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "L/Tf", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["lb-f"] = { name1 = "pound-force", name2 = "pounds-force", symbol = "lb_f", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["lbf"] = { name1 = "pound-force", name2 = "pounds-force", symbol = "lbf", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["lb(f)"] = { name1 = "pound", symbol = "lb", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["LT-f"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LT_f", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["LTf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LTf", usename = 1, utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["Mdyn"] = { name1 = "megadyne", symbol = "Mdyn", utype = "force", scale = 10, default = "lb-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["mdyn"] = { name1 = "millidyne", symbol = "mdyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000001, default = "gr-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["mg-f"] = { name1 = "milligram-force", name2 = "milligrams-force", symbol = "mg_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN gr-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["mgf"] = { name1 = "milligram-force", name2 = "milligrams-force", symbol = "mgf", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN grf", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["Mp"] = { name1 = "megapond", symbol = "Mp", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LT-f ST-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["mp"] = { name1 = "millipond", symbol = "mp", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN gr-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["N"] = { _name1 = "newton", _symbol = "N", utype = "force", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "lb-f", link = "Newton (unit)", }, ["oz-f"] = { name1 = "ounce-force", name2 = "ounces-force", symbol = "oz_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.2780138203095378125, default = "mN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["ozf"] = { name1 = "ounce-force", name2 = "ounces-force", symbol = "ozf", utype = "force", scale = 0.2780138203095378125, default = "mN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["p"] = { name1 = "pond", symbol = "p", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN oz-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["pdl"] = { name1 = "poundal", symbol = "pdl", utype = "force", scale = 0.138254954376, default = "N", }, ["S/T-f"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "S/T_f", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["S/Tf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "S/Tf", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["ST-f"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "ST_f", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["STf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "STf", usename = 1, utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["t-f"] = { name1 = "tonne-force", name2 = "tonnes-force", symbol = "t_f", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LT-f ST-f", link = "Ton-force#Tonne-force", }, ["tf"] = { name1 = "tonne-force", name2 = "tonnes-force", symbol = "tf", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LTf STf", link = "Ton-force#Tonne-force", }, ["dyne"] = { target = "dyn", }, ["newtons"] = { target = "N", }, ["poundal"] = { target = "pdl", }, ["tonne-force"] = { target = "tf", }, ["impgal/mi"] = { per = { "@impgal", "mi" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "l/km USgal/mi", }, ["km/L"] = { per = { "km", "L" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["km/l"] = { per = { "km", "l" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["L/100 km"] = { per = { "L", "100km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|L/100&nbsp;km]]", }, ["l/100 km"] = { per = { "l", "100km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|l/100&nbsp;km]]", }, ["L/km"] = { per = { "L", "km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["l/km"] = { per = { "l", "km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["mi/impqt"] = { per = { "mi", "impqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/U.S.qt"] = { per = { "mi", "U.S.qt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/USqt"] = { per = { "mi", "USqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/usqt"] = { per = { "mi", "usqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mpgimp"] = { per = { "mi", "@impgal" }, symbol = "mpg_&#8209;imp", utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/100 km+mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[Imperial units|imp]]}", }, ["mpgus"] = { per = { "mi", "+USgal" }, symbol = "mpg_&#8209;US", utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/100 km+mpgimp", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|US]]}", }, ["U.S.gal/mi"] = { per = { "*U.S.gal", "mi" }, sp_us = true, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "l/km impgal/mi", }, ["usgal/mi"] = { per = { "+USgal", "mi" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "l/km impgal/mi", }, ["L/100km"] = { target = "L/100 km", }, ["l/100km"] = { target = "l/100 km", }, ["mpg"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{mpgus%} for miles per US gallon or %{mpgimp%} for miles per imperial gallon (not %{mpg%})", }, ["mpgU.S."] = { target = "mpgus", symbol = "mpg_&#8209;U.S.", sp_us = true, symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]}", }, ["mpgu.s."] = { target = "mpgus", symbol = "mpg_&#8209;U.S.", sp_us = true, symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]}", }, ["mpgUS"] = { target = "mpgus", }, ["USgal/mi"] = { target = "usgal/mi", }, ["kPa/m"] = { per = { "kPa", "-m-frac" }, utype = "fracture gradient", default = "psi/ft", }, ["psi/ft"] = { per = { "psi", "-ft-frac" }, utype = "fracture gradient", default = "kPa/m", }, ["cm/km"] = { name1 = "centimetre per kilometre", name1_us = "centimeter per kilometer", name2 = "centimetres per kilometre", name2_us = "centimeters per kilometer", symbol = "cm/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00001, default = "ft/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["ft/mi"] = { name1 = "foot per mile", name2 = "feet per mile", symbol = "ft/mi", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00018939393939393939, default = "v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["ft/nmi"] = { name1 = "foot per nautical mile", name2 = "feet per nautical mile", symbol = "ft/nmi", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00016457883369330455, default = "v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["in/ft"] = { name1 = "inch per foot", name2 = "inches per foot", symbol = "in/ft", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.083333333333333329, default = "mm/m", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["in/mi"] = { name1 = "inch per mile", name2 = "inches per mile", symbol = "in/mi", utype = "gradient", scale = 1.5782828282828283e-5, default = "v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["m/km"] = { name1 = "metre per kilometre", name1_us = "meter per kilometer", name2 = "metres per kilometre", name2_us = "meters per kilometer", symbol = "m/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.001, default = "ft/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["mm/km"] = { name1 = "millimetre per kilometre", name1_us = "millimeter per kilometer", name2 = "millimetres per kilometre", name2_us = "millimeters per kilometer", symbol = "mm/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.000001, default = "in/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["mm/m"] = { name1 = "millimetre per metre", name1_us = "millimeter per meter", name2 = "millimetres per metre", name2_us = "millimeters per meter", symbol = "mm/m", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.001, default = "in/ft", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["admi"] = { name1 = "admiralty mile", symbol = "nmi&nbsp;(admiralty)", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["AU"] = { name1 = "astronomical unit", symbol = "AU", utype = "length", scale = 149597870700, default = "km mi", }, ["Brnmi"] = { name1 = "British nautical mile", symbol = "(Brit)&nbsp;nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["bu"] = { name2 = "bu", symbol = "bu", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0030303030303030303, default = "mm", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Length", }, ["ch"] = { name1 = "chain", symbol = "ch", utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 66, default = "m" }, ["yd"] = { 22, default = "m" } }, link = "Chain (unit)", }, ["chlk"] = { name1 = "[[Chain (unit)|chain]]", symbol = "[[Chain (unit)|ch]]", utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", link = "", }, ["chain"] = { symbol = "chain", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 66, default = "m" }, ["yd"] = { 22, default = "m" } }, link = "Chain (unit)", }, ["chainlk"] = { symbol = "[[Chain (unit)|chain]]", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", link = "", }, ["dpcm"] = { name2 = "dot/cm", symbol = "dot/cm", utype = "length", scale = 100, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "dpi", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["dpi"] = { name2 = "DPI", symbol = "DPI", utype = "length", scale = 39.370078740157481, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "pitch", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["fathom"] = { symbol = "fathom", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 1.8288, default = "ft m", }, ["foot"] = { name1 = "foot", name2 = "foot", symbol = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, default = "m", subdivs = { ["in"] = { 12, default = "m" } }, link = "Foot (unit)", }, ["ft"] = { name1 = "foot", name2 = "feet", symbol = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, exception= "integer_more_precision", default = "m", subdivs = { ["in"] = { 12, default = "m" } }, link = "Foot (unit)", }, ["furlong"] = { symbol = "furlong", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 201.168, default = "ft m", }, ["Gly"] = { name1 = "gigalight-year", symbol = "Gly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e24, default = "Mpc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["Gpc"] = { name1 = "gigaparsec", symbol = "Gpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e25, default = "Gly", link = "Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs", }, ["hand"] = { name1 = "hand", symbol = "h", utype = "length", builtin = "hand", scale = 0.1016, iscomplex= true, default = "in cm", link = "Hand (unit)", }, ["in"] = { name1 = "inch", name2 = "inches", symbol = "in", utype = "length", scale = 0.0254, exception= "subunit_more_precision", default = "mm", }, ["inabbreviated"] = { name2 = "in", symbol = "in", utype = "length", scale = 0.0254, default = "mm", link = "Inch", }, ["kly"] = { name1 = "kilolight-year", symbol = "kly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e18, default = "pc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["kpc"] = { name1 = "kiloparsec", symbol = "kpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e19, default = "kly", link = "Parsec#Parsecs and kiloparsecs", }, ["LD"] = { name1 = "lunar distance", symbol = "LD", utype = "length", scale = 384403000, default = "km mi", link = "Lunar distance (astronomy)", }, ["league"] = { symbol = "league", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 4828.032, default = "km", link = "League (unit)", }, ["ly"] = { name1 = "light-year", symbol = "ly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e15, default = "AU", }, ["m"] = { _name1 = "metre", _name1_us= "meter", _symbol = "m", utype = "length", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft", link = "Metre", }, ["mi"] = { name1 = "mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", subdivs = { ["ch"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chlk"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chain"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chainlk"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["ft"] = { 5280, default = "km" }, ["furlong"] = { 8, default = "km" }, ["yd"] = { 1760, default = "km" } }, }, ["mil"] = { symbol = "mil", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0000254, default = "mm", link = "Thousandth of an inch", }, ["Mly"] = { name1 = "megalight-year", symbol = "Mly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e21, default = "kpc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["Mpc"] = { name1 = "megaparsec", symbol = "Mpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e22, default = "Mly", link = "Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs", }, ["NM"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "NM", utype = "length", scale = 1852, default = "km mi", }, ["nmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1852, default = "km mi", }, ["oldUKnmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", }, ["oldUSnmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", }, ["pc"] = { name1 = "parsec", symbol = "pc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e16, default = "ly", }, ["perch"] = { name2 = "perches", symbol = "perch", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["pitch"] = { name2 = "μm", symbol = "μm", utype = "length", scale = 1e-6, default = "dpi", defkey = "pitch", linkey = "pitch", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["pole"] = { symbol = "pole", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["pre1954U.S.nmi"] = { name1 = "(pre-1954&nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile", symbol = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["pre1954USnmi"] = { name1 = "(pre-1954&nbsp;US) nautical mile", name1_us = "(pre-1954&nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile", symbol = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi", sym_us = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["rd"] = { name1 = "rod", symbol = "rd", utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["royal cubit"] = { name1 = "royal cubit", symbol = "cu", utype = "length", scale = 0.524, default = "mm", }, ["rtkm"] = { name1 = "route kilometre", name1_us = "route kilometer", symbol = "km", utype = "length", scale = 1000, default = "mi", link = "Kilometre", }, ["rtmi"] = { name1 = "route mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", link = "Mile", }, ["shaku"] = { name2 = "shaku", symbol = "shaku", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.30303030303030304, default = "m", link = "Shaku (unit)", }, ["sm"] = { name1 = "smoot", symbol = "sm", utype = "length", scale = 1.70180, default = "m", link = "Smoot (unit)", }, ["smi"] = { name1 = "statute mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", subdivs = { ["chain"] = { 80, default = "km" } }, }, ["solar radius"] = { name1 = "solar radius", name2 = "solar radii", symbol = "''R''_☉", utype = "length", scale = 695700e3, default = "km", }, ["sun"] = { name2 = "sun", symbol = "sun", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.030303030303030304, default = "mm", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Length", }, ["thou"] = { name2 = "thou", symbol = "thou", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0000254, default = "mm", link = "Thousandth of an inch", }, ["verst"] = { symbol = "verst", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 1066.8, default = "km mi", }, ["yd"] = { name1 = "yard", symbol = "yd", utype = "length", scale = 0.9144, default = "m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 3, default = "m" } }, }, ["μin"] = { name1 = "microinch", name2 = "microinches", symbol = "μin", utype = "length", scale = 0.0000000254, default = "nm", link = "SI prefix#Non-metric units", }, ["Å"] = { name1 = "ångström", symbol = "Å", utype = "length", scale = 0.0000000001, default = "in", }, ["Hz"] = { _name1 = "hertz", _name2 = "hertz", _symbol = "Hz", utype = "length", scale = 3.3356409519815204e-9, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, prefixes = 1, default = "m", link = "Hertz", }, ["-ft-frac"] = { target = "ft", link = "Fracture gradient", }, ["-in-stiff"] = { target = "in", link = "Stiffness", }, ["-m-frac"] = { target = "m", link = "Fracture gradient", }, ["-m-stiff"] = { target = "m", link = "Stiffness", }, ["100km"] = { target = "km", multiplier= 100, }, ["admiralty nmi"] = { target = "oldUKnmi", }, ["angstrom"] = { target = "Å", }, ["au"] = { target = "AU", symbol = "au", }, ["feet"] = { target = "ft", }, ["hands"] = { target = "hand", }, ["inch"] = { target = "in", }, ["light-year"] = { target = "ly", }, ["meter"] = { target = "m", sp_us = true, }, ["meters"] = { target = "m", sp_us = true, }, ["metre"] = { target = "m", }, ["metres"] = { target = "m", }, ["micrometre"] = { target = "μm", }, ["micron"] = { target = "μm", default = "μin", }, ["mile"] = { target = "mi", }, ["miles"] = { target = "mi", }, ["parsec"] = { target = "pc", }, ["rod"] = { target = "rd", }, ["smoot"] = { target = "sm", }, ["uin"] = { target = "μin", }, ["yard"] = { target = "yd", }, ["yards"] = { target = "yd", }, ["yds"] = { target = "yd", }, ["dtex"] = { name1 = "decitex", name2 = "decitex", symbol = "dtex", utype = "linear density", scale = 1e-7, default = "lb/yd", link = "Units of textile measurement#Tex", }, ["kg/cm"] = { name1 = "kilogram per centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per centimeter", name2 = "kilograms per centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per centimeter", symbol = "kg/cm", utype = "linear density", scale = 100, default = "lb/yd", link = "Linear density", }, ["kg/m"] = { name1 = "kilogram per metre", name1_us = "kilogram per meter", name2 = "kilograms per metre", name2_us = "kilograms per meter", symbol = "kg/m", utype = "linear density", scale = 1, default = "lb/yd", link = "Linear density", }, ["lb/ft"] = { name1 = "pound per foot", name2 = "pounds per foot", symbol = "lb/ft", utype = "linear density", scale = 1.4881639435695539, default = "kg/m", link = "Linear density", }, ["lb/yd"] = { name1 = "pound per yard", name2 = "pounds per yard", symbol = "lb/yd", utype = "linear density", scale = 0.49605464785651798, default = "kg/m", link = "Linear density", }, ["G"] = { _name1 = "gauss", _name2 = "gauss", _symbol = "G", utype = "magnetic field strength", scale = 0.0001, prefixes = 1, default = "T", link = "Gauss (unit)", }, ["T"] = { _name1 = "tesla", _symbol = "T", utype = "magnetic field strength", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "G", link = "Tesla (unit)", }, ["A/m"] = { name1 = "ampere per metre", name1_us = "ampere per meter", name2 = "amperes per metre", name2_us = "amperes per meter", symbol = "A/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1, default = "Oe", link = "Magnetic field#Units", }, ["kA/m"] = { name1 = "kiloampere per metre", name1_us = "kiloampere per meter", name2 = "kiloamperes per metre", name2_us = "kiloamperes per meter", symbol = "kA/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1000, default = "kOe", link = "Magnetic field#Units", }, ["MA/m"] = { name1 = "megaampere per metre", name1_us = "megaampere per meter", name2 = "megaamperes per metre", name2_us = "megaamperes per meter", symbol = "MA/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1e6, default = "kOe", link = "Magnetic field#Units", }, ["Oe"] = { _name1 = "oersted", _symbol = "Oe", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 79.5774715, prefixes = 1, default = "kA/m", link = "Oersted", }, ["-Lcwt"] = { name1 = "hundredweight", name2 = "hundredweight", symbol = "cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb", }, ["-Scwt"] = { name1 = "hundredweight", name2 = "hundredweight", symbol = "cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb", }, ["-ST"] = { name1 = "short ton", symbol = "ST", utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["carat"] = { symbol = "carat", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.0002, default = "g", link = "Carat (mass)", }, ["drachm"] = { name1_us = "dram", symbol = "drachm", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.001771845195, default = "g", link = "Dram (unit)", }, ["dram"] = { target = "drachm", }, ["dwt"] = { name1 = "pennyweight", symbol = "dwt", utype = "mass", scale = 0.00155517384, default = "oz g", }, ["DWton"] = { symbol = "deadweight ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "DWtonne", link = "Tonnage", }, ["DWtonne"] = { symbol = "deadweight tonne", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "DWton", link = "Tonnage", }, ["g"] = { _name1 = "gram", _symbol = "g", utype = "mass", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "oz", link = "Gram", }, ["gr"] = { name1 = "grain", symbol = "gr", utype = "mass", scale = 0.00006479891, default = "g", link = "Grain (unit)", }, ["Gt"] = { name1 = "gigatonne", symbol = "Gt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["impgalh2o"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon of water", name2 = "imperial gallons of water", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal H₂O", utype = "mass", scale = 4.5359236999999499, default = "lb kg", link = "Imperial gallon", }, ["kt"] = { name1 = "kilotonne", symbol = "kt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["lb"] = { name1 = "pound", symbol = "lb", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237, exception= "integer_more_precision", default = "kg", subdivs = { ["oz"] = { 16, default = "kg" } }, link = "Pound (mass)", }, ["Lcwt"] = { name1 = "long hundredweight", name2 = "long hundredweight", symbol = "Lcwt", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb", subdivs = { ["qtr"] = { 4, default = "kg" }, ["st"] = { 8, default = "kg" } }, link = "Hundredweight", }, ["long cwt"] = { name1 = "long hundredweight", name2 = "long hundredweight", symbol = "long&nbsp;cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["qtr"] = { 4, default = "kg" } }, link = "Hundredweight", }, ["long qtr"] = { name1 = "long quarter", symbol = "long&nbsp;qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 12.70058636, default = "lb kg", link = "Avoirdupois", }, ["LT"] = { symbol = "long ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Lcwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Lcwt" } }, }, ["lt"] = { name1 = "long ton", symbol = "LT", utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Lcwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Lcwt" } }, }, ["metric ton"] = { symbol = "metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "long ton", link = "Tonne", }, ["MT"] = { name1 = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["Mt"] = { name1 = "megatonne", symbol = "Mt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["oz"] = { name1 = "ounce", symbol = "oz", utype = "mass", scale = 0.028349523125, default = "g", }, ["ozt"] = { name1 = "troy ounce", symbol = "ozt", utype = "mass", scale = 0.0311034768, default = "oz g", }, ["pdr"] = { name1 = "pounder", symbol = "pdr", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237, default = "kg", link = "Pound (mass)", }, ["qtr"] = { name1 = "quarter", symbol = "qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 12.70058636, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["lb"] = { 28, default = "kg" } }, link = "Avoirdupois", }, ["Scwt"] = { name1 = "short hundredweight", name2 = "short hundredweight", symbol = "Scwt", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb", link = "Hundredweight", }, ["short cwt"] = { name1 = "short hundredweight", name2 = "short hundredweight", symbol = "short&nbsp;cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb kg", link = "Hundredweight", }, ["short qtr"] = { name1 = "short quarter", symbol = "short&nbsp;qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 11.33980925, default = "lb kg", link = "Avoirdupois", }, ["ST"] = { symbol = "short ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Scwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Scwt" } }, }, ["shtn"] = { name1 = "short ton", symbol = "sh&nbsp;tn", utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["shton"] = { symbol = "ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["solar mass"] = { name1 = "solar mass", name2 = "solar masses", symbol = "''M''_☉", utype = "mass", scale = 1.98855e30, default = "kg", }, ["st"] = { name1 = "stone", name2 = "stone", symbol = "st", utype = "mass", scale = 6.35029318, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["lb"] = { 14, default = "kg lb" } }, link = "Stone (unit)", }, ["t"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "LT ST", }, ["tonne"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "shton", }, ["troy pound"] = { symbol = "troy pound", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.3732417216, default = "lb kg", link = "Troy weight", }, ["usgalh2o"] = { name1 = "US gallon of water", name1_us = "U.S. gallon of water", name2 = "US gallons of water", name2_us = "U.S. gallons of water", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal H₂O", utype = "mass", scale = 3.7776215836051126, default = "lb kg", link = "United States customary units#Fluid volume", }, ["viss"] = { name2 = "viss", symbol = "viss", utype = "mass", scale = 1.632932532, default = "kg", link = "Myanmar units of measurement#Mass", }, ["billion tonne"] = { target = "e9t", }, ["kilogram"] = { target = "kg", }, ["kilotonne"] = { target = "kt", }, ["lbs"] = { target = "lb", }, ["lbt"] = { target = "troy pound", }, ["lcwt"] = { target = "Lcwt", }, ["long ton"] = { target = "LT", }, ["mcg"] = { target = "μg", }, ["million tonne"] = { target = "e6t", }, ["scwt"] = { target = "Scwt", }, ["short ton"] = { target = "ST", }, ["stone"] = { target = "st", }, ["thousand tonne"] = { target = "e3t", }, ["tonnes"] = { target = "t", }, ["kg/kW"] = { name1 = "kilogram per kilowatt", name2 = "kilograms per kilowatt", symbol = "kg/kW", utype = "mass per unit power", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/hp", link = "Kilowatt", }, ["lb/hp"] = { name1 = "pound per horsepower", name2 = "pounds per horsepower", symbol = "lb/hp", utype = "mass per unit power", scale = 0.00060827738784176115, default = "kg/kW", link = "Horsepower", }, ["kg/h"] = { per = { "kg", "h" }, utype = "mass per unit time", default = "lb/h", }, ["lb/h"] = { per = { "lb", "h" }, utype = "mass per unit time", default = "kg/h", }, ["g-mol/d"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per day", name2 = "gram-moles per day", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/h"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per hour", name2 = "gram-moles per hour", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/min"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per minute", name2 = "gram-moles per minute", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "g-mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/s"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per second", name2 = "gram-moles per second", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lb-mol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/d"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per day", name2 = "gram-moles per day", symbol = "gmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/h"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per hour", name2 = "gram-moles per hour", symbol = "gmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/min"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per minute", name2 = "gram-moles per minute", symbol = "gmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "gmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/s"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per second", name2 = "gram-moles per second", symbol = "gmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lbmol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/d"] = { name1 = "kilomole per day", name2 = "kilomoles per day", symbol = "kmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.011574074074074073, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/h"] = { name1 = "kilomole per hour", name2 = "kilomoles per hour", symbol = "kmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/min"] = { name1 = "kilomole per minute", name2 = "kilomoles per minute", symbol = "kmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 16.666666666666668, default = "mol/s", link = "Kilomole (unit)", }, ["kmol/s"] = { name1 = "kilomole per second", name2 = "kilomoles per second", symbol = "kmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1000, default = "lb-mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["lb-mol/d"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per day", name2 = "pound-moles per day", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.0052499116898148141, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)#Other units called \"mole\"", }, ["lb-mol/h"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per hour", name2 = "pound-moles per hour", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.12599788055555555, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)#Other units called \"mole\"", }, ["lb-mol/min"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per minute", name2 = "pound-moles per minute", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 7.5598728333333334, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)#Other units called \"mole\"", }, ["lb-mol/s"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per second", name2 = "pound-moles per second", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 453.59237, default = "kmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)#Other units called \"mole\"", }, ["lbmol/d"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per day", name2 = "pound-moles per day", symbol = "lbmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.0052499116898148141, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)#Other units called \"mole\"", }, ["lbmol/h"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per hour", name2 = "pound-moles per hour", symbol = "lbmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.12599788055555555, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)#Other units called \"mole\"", }, ["lbmol/min"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per minute", name2 = "pound-moles per minute", symbol = "lbmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 7.5598728333333334, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)#Other units called \"mole\"", }, ["lbmol/s"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per second", name2 = "pound-moles per second", symbol = "lbmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 453.59237, default = "kmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)#Other units called \"mole\"", }, ["mmol/s"] = { name1 = "millimole per second", name2 = "millimoles per second", symbol = "mmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.001, default = "lb-mol/d", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/d"] = { name1 = "mole per day", name2 = "moles per day", symbol = "mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/h"] = { name1 = "mole per hour", name2 = "moles per hour", symbol = "mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/min"] = { name1 = "mole per minute", name2 = "moles per minute", symbol = "mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/s"] = { name1 = "mole per second", name2 = "moles per second", symbol = "mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lb-mol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["μmol/s"] = { name1 = "micromole per second", name2 = "micromoles per second", symbol = "μmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.000001, default = "lb-mol/d", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["umol/s"] = { target = "μmol/s", }, ["/acre"] = { name1 = "per acre", name2 = "per acre", symbol = "/acre", utype = "per unit area", scale = 0.00024710538146716532, default = "/ha", link = "Acre", }, ["/ha"] = { name1 = "per hectare", name2 = "per hectare", symbol = "/ha", utype = "per unit area", scale = 100e-6, default = "/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["/sqcm"] = { name1 = "per square centimetre", name1_us = "per square centimeter", name2 = "per square centimetre", name2_us = "per square centimeter", symbol = "/cm²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e4, default = "/sqin", link = "Square centimetre", }, ["/sqin"] = { name1 = "per square inch", name2 = "per square inch", symbol = "/in²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1550.0031000062002, default = "/sqcm", link = "Square inch", }, ["/sqkm"] = { name1 = "per square kilometre", name1_us = "per square kilometer", name2 = "per square kilometre", name2_us = "per square kilometer", symbol = "/km²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e-6, default = "/sqmi", link = "Square kilometre", }, ["/sqmi"] = { name1 = "per square mile", name2 = "per square mile", symbol = "/sq&nbsp;mi", utype = "per unit area", scale = 3.8610215854244582e-7, default = "/sqkm", link = "Square mile", }, ["PD/acre"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per acre", name2 = "inhabitants per acre", symbol = "/acre", utype = "per unit area", scale = 0.00024710538146716532, default = "PD/ha", link = "Acre", }, ["PD/ha"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per hectare", name2 = "inhabitants per hectare", symbol = "/ha", utype = "per unit area", scale = 100e-6, default = "PD/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["PD/sqkm"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per square kilometre", name1_us = "inhabitant per square kilometer", name2 = "inhabitants per square kilometre", name2_us = "inhabitants per square kilometer", symbol = "/km²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e-6, default = "PD/sqmi", link = "Square kilometre", }, ["PD/sqmi"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per square mile", name2 = "inhabitants per square mile", symbol = "/sq&nbsp;mi", utype = "per unit area", scale = 3.8610215854244582e-7, default = "PD/sqkm", link = "Square mile", }, ["/cm2"] = { target = "/sqcm", }, ["/in2"] = { target = "/sqin", }, ["/km2"] = { target = "/sqkm", }, ["pd/acre"] = { target = "PD/acre", }, ["pd/ha"] = { target = "PD/ha", }, ["PD/km2"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/km2"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["PD/km²"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/sqkm"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/sqmi"] = { target = "PD/sqmi", }, ["/l"] = { name1 = "per litre", name1_us = "per liter", name2 = "per litre", name2_us = "per liter", symbol = "/l", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "/usgal", link = "Litre", }, ["/USgal"] = { name1 = "per gallon", name2 = "per gallon", symbol = "/gal", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 264.172052, default = "/l", link = "US gallon", customary= 2, }, ["/usgal"] = { target = "/USgal", }, ["bhp"] = { name1 = "brake horsepower", name2 = "brake horsepower", symbol = "bhp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Brake horsepower", }, ["Cal/d"] = { name1 = "large calorie per day", name2 = "large calories per day", symbol = "Cal/d", utype = "power", scale = 0.048425925925925928, default = "kJ/d", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal/h"] = { name1 = "large calorie per hour", name2 = "large calories per hour", symbol = "Cal/h", utype = "power", scale = 1.1622222222222223, default = "kJ/h", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal/h"] = { name1 = "calorie per hour", name2 = "calories per hour", symbol = "cal/h", utype = "power", scale = 0.0011622222222222223, default = "W", link = "Calorie", }, ["CV"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "CV", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["hk"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "hk", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["hp"] = { name1 = "horsepower", name2 = "horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", }, ["hp-electric"] = { name1 = "electric horsepower", name2 = "electric horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 746, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Electrical horsepower", }, ["hp-electrical"] = { name1 = "electrical horsepower", name2 = "electrical horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 746, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Electrical horsepower", }, ["hp-metric"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["ihp"] = { name1 = "indicated horsepower", name2 = "indicated horsepower", symbol = "ihp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Indicated horsepower", }, ["kcal/h"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie per hour", name2 = "kilocalories per hour", symbol = "kcal/h", utype = "power", scale = 1.1622222222222223, default = "kW", link = "Calorie", }, ["kJ/d"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per day", name2 = "kilojoules per day", symbol = "kJ/d", utype = "power", scale = 0.011574074074074073, default = "Cal/d", link = "Kilojoule", }, ["kJ/h"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per hour", name2 = "kilojoules per hour", symbol = "kJ/h", utype = "power", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "W", link = "Kilojoule", }, ["PS"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "PS", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["shp"] = { name1 = "shaft horsepower", name2 = "shaft horsepower", symbol = "shp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Shaft horsepower", }, ["W"] = { _name1 = "watt", _symbol = "W", utype = "power", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "hp", link = "Watt", }, ["BTU/h"] = { per = { "BTU", "h" }, utype = "power", default = "W", }, ["Btu/h"] = { per = { "Btu", "h" }, utype = "power", default = "W", }, ["BHP"] = { target = "bhp", }, ["btu/h"] = { target = "BTU/h", }, ["HP"] = { target = "hp", }, ["Hp"] = { target = "hp", }, ["hp-mechanical"] = { target = "hp", }, ["IHP"] = { target = "ihp", }, ["SHP"] = { target = "shp", }, ["whp"] = { target = "hp", }, ["hp/lb"] = { name1 = "horsepower per pound", name2 = "horsepower per pound", symbol = "hp/lb", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1643.986806, default = "kW/kg", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/LT"] = { name1 = "horsepower per long ton", name2 = "horsepower per long ton", symbol = "hp/LT", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.73392268125000004, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/ST"] = { name1 = "horsepower per short ton", name2 = "horsepower per short ton", symbol = "hp/ST", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.821993403, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/t"] = { name1 = "horsepower per tonne", name2 = "horsepower per tonne", symbol = "hp/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.74569987158227022, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["kW/kg"] = { name1 = "kilowatt per kilogram", name2 = "kilowatts per kilogram", symbol = "kW/kg", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "hp/lb", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["kW/t"] = { name1 = "kilowatt per tonne", name2 = "kilowatts per tonne", symbol = "kW/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1, default = "PS/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["PS/t"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower per tonne", name2 = "metric horsepower per tonne", symbol = "PS/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.73549875, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["shp/lb"] = { name1 = "shaft horsepower per pound", name2 = "shaft horsepower per pound", symbol = "shp/lb", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1643.986806, default = "kW/kg", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/tonne"] = { target = "hp/t", symbol = "hp/tonne", default = "kW/tonne", }, ["kW/tonne"] = { target = "kW/t", symbol = "kW/tonne", }, ["-lb/in2"] = { name1 = "pound per square inch", name2 = "pounds per square inch", symbol = "lb/in²", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa kgf/cm2", link = "Pounds per square inch", }, ["atm"] = { name1 = "standard atmosphere", symbol = "atm", utype = "pressure", scale = 101325, default = "kPa", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["Ba"] = { name1 = "barye", symbol = "Ba", utype = "pressure", scale = 0.1, default = "Pa", }, ["bar"] = { symbol = "bar", utype = "pressure", scale = 100000, default = "kPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["dbar"] = { name1 = "decibar", symbol = "dbar", utype = "pressure", scale = 10000, default = "kPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["inHg"] = { name1 = "inch of mercury", name2 = "inches of mercury", symbol = "inHg", utype = "pressure", scale = 3386.388640341, default = "kPa", }, ["kBa"] = { name1 = "kilobarye", symbol = "kBa", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Barye", }, ["kg-f/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram-force per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms-force per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms-force per square centimeter", symbol = "kg_f/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["kg/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per square centimeter", symbol = "kg/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["kgf/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram-force per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms-force per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms-force per square centimeter", symbol = "kgf/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["ksi"] = { name1 = "kilopound per square inch", name2 = "kilopounds per square inch", symbol = "ksi", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894757.2931683613, default = "MPa", link = "Pounds per square inch", }, ["lbf/in2"] = { name1 = "pound-force per square inch", name2 = "pounds-force per square inch", symbol = "lbf/in²", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa kgf/cm2", link = "Pounds-force per square inch", }, ["mb"] = { name1 = "millibar", symbol = "mb", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["mbar"] = { name1 = "millibar", symbol = "mbar", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["mmHg"] = { name1 = "millimetre of mercury", name1_us = "millimeter of mercury", name2 = "millimetres of mercury", name2_us = "millimeters of mercury", symbol = "mmHg", utype = "pressure", scale = 133.322387415, default = "kPa", link = "Millimeter of mercury", }, ["Pa"] = { _name1 = "pascal", _symbol = "Pa", utype = "pressure", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "psi", link = "Pascal (unit)", }, ["psf"] = { name1 = "pound per square foot", name2 = "pounds per square foot", symbol = "psf", utype = "pressure", scale = 47.880258980335839, default = "kPa", link = "Pounds per square inch", }, ["psi"] = { name1 = "pound per square inch", name2 = "pounds per square inch", symbol = "psi", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa", link = "Pounds per square inch", }, ["Torr"] = { name1 = "torr", symbol = "Torr", utype = "pressure", scale = 133.32236842105263, default = "kPa", }, ["N/cm2"] = { per = { "N", "cm2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "psi", }, ["N/m2"] = { per = { "N", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "psi", }, ["g/cm2"] = { per = { "g", "cm2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["g/m2"] = { per = { "g", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kg/ha"] = { per = { "kg", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kg/m2"] = { per = { "kg", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/1000sqft"] = { per = { "lb", "1000sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/acre"] = { per = { "lb", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/sqft"] = { per = { "lb", "sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/sqyd"] = { per = { "lb", "sqyd" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["LT/acre"] = { per = { "LT", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "t/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["MT/ha"] = { per = { "MT", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "LT/acre ST/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["oz/sqft"] = { per = { "oz", "sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["oz/sqyd"] = { per = { "oz", "sqyd" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["ST/acre"] = { per = { "ST", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "t/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["t/ha"] = { per = { "t", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "LT/acre ST/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["tonne/acre"] = { per = { "tonne", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "tonne/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["tonne/ha"] = { per = { "tonne", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "tonne/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kgfpsqcm"] = { target = "kgf/cm2", }, ["kgpsqcm"] = { target = "kg/cm2", }, ["kN/m2"] = { target = "kPa", }, ["lb/in2"] = { target = "lbf/in2", }, ["torr"] = { target = "Torr", }, ["Bq"] = { _name1 = "becquerel", _symbol = "Bq", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "pCi", link = "Becquerel", }, ["Ci"] = { _name1 = "curie", _symbol = "Ci", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 3.7e10, prefixes = 1, default = "GBq", link = "Curie", }, ["Rd"] = { _name1 = "rutherford", _symbol = "Rd", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 1e6, prefixes = 1, default = "MBq", link = "Rutherford (unit)", }, ["cm/h"] = { name1 = "centimetre per hour", name1_us = "centimeter per hour", name2 = "centimetres per hour", name2_us = "centimeters per hour", symbol = "cm/h", utype = "speed", scale = 2.7777777777777775e-6, default = "in/h", link = "Metre per second", }, ["cm/s"] = { name1 = "centimetre per second", name1_us = "centimeter per second", name2 = "centimetres per second", name2_us = "centimeters per second", symbol = "cm/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.01, default = "in/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["cm/year"] = { name1 = "centimetre per year", name1_us = "centimeter per year", name2 = "centimetres per year", name2_us = "centimeters per year", symbol = "cm/year", utype = "speed", scale = 3.168873850681143e-10, default = "in/year", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["foot/s"] = { name1 = "foot per second", name2 = "foot per second", symbol = "ft/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s", }, ["ft/min"] = { name1 = "foot per minute", name2 = "feet per minute", symbol = "ft/min", utype = "speed", scale = 0.00508, default = "m/min", link = "Feet per second", }, ["ft/s"] = { name1 = "foot per second", name2 = "feet per second", symbol = "ft/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s", link = "Feet per second", }, ["furlong per fortnight"] = { name2 = "furlongs per fortnight", symbol = "furlong per fortnight", usename = 1, utype = "speed", scale = 0.00016630952380952381, default = "km/h mph", link = "FFF system", }, ["in/h"] = { name1 = "inch per hour", name2 = "inches per hour", symbol = "in/h", utype = "speed", scale = 7.0555555555555559e-6, default = "cm/h", link = "Inch", }, ["in/s"] = { name1 = "inch per second", name2 = "inches per second", symbol = "in/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.0254, default = "cm/s", link = "Inch", }, ["in/year"] = { name1 = "inch per year", name2 = "inches per year", symbol = "in/year", utype = "speed", scale = 8.0489395807301024e-10, default = "cm/year", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["isp"] = { name1 = "second", symbol = "s", utype = "speed", scale = 9.80665, default = "km/s", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["km/d"] = { name1 = "kilometre per day", name1_us = "kilometer per day", name2 = "kilometres per day", name2_us = "kilometers per day", symbol = "km/d", utype = "speed", scale = 1.1574074074074074e-2, default = "mi/d", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["km/h"] = { name1 = "kilometre per hour", name1_us = "kilometer per hour", name2 = "kilometres per hour", name2_us = "kilometers per hour", symbol = "km/h", utype = "speed", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mph", link = "Kilometres per hour", }, ["km/s"] = { name1 = "kilometre per second", name1_us = "kilometer per second", name2 = "kilometres per second", name2_us = "kilometers per second", symbol = "km/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1000, default = "mi/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["kn"] = { name1 = "knot", symbol = "kn", utype = "speed", scale = 0.51444444444444448, default = "km/h mph", link = "Knot (unit)", }, ["kNs/kg"] = { name2 = "kN&#8209;s/kg", symbol = "kN&#8209;s/kg", utype = "speed", scale = 1000, default = "isp", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["m/min"] = { name1 = "metre per minute", name1_us = "meter per minute", name2 = "metres per minute", name2_us = "meters per minute", symbol = "m/min", utype = "speed", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "ft/min", link = "Metre per second", }, ["m/s"] = { name1 = "metre per second", name1_us = "meter per second", name2 = "metres per second", name2_us = "meters per second", symbol = "m/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1, default = "ft/s", }, ["Mach"] = { name2 = "Mach", symbol = "Mach", utype = "speed", builtin = "mach", scale = 0, iscomplex= true, default = "km/h mph", link = "Mach number", }, ["mi/d"] = { name1 = "mile per day", name2 = "miles per day", symbol = "mi/d", utype = "speed", scale = 1.8626666666666667e-2, default = "km/d", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["mi/s"] = { name1 = "mile per second", name2 = "miles per second", symbol = "mi/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1609.344, default = "km/s", link = "Mile", }, ["mm/h"] = { name1 = "millimetre per hour", name1_us = "millimeter per hour", name2 = "millimetres per hour", name2_us = "millimeters per hour", symbol = "mm/h", utype = "speed", scale = 2.7777777777777781e-7, default = "in/h", link = "Metre per second", }, ["mph"] = { name1 = "mile per hour", name2 = "miles per hour", symbol = "mph", utype = "speed", scale = 0.44704, default = "km/h", link = "Miles per hour", }, ["Ns/kg"] = { name2 = "N&#8209;s/kg", symbol = "N&#8209;s/kg", utype = "speed", scale = 1, default = "isp", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["si tsfc"] = { name2 = "g/(kN⋅s)", symbol = "g/(kN⋅s)", utype = "speed", scale = 9.9999628621379242e-7, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "tsfc", link = "Thrust specific fuel consumption", }, ["tsfc"] = { name2 = "lb/(lbf⋅h)", symbol = "lb/(lbf⋅h)", utype = "speed", scale = 2.832545036049801e-5, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "si tsfc", link = "Thrust specific fuel consumption", }, ["cm/y"] = { target = "cm/year", }, ["cm/yr"] = { target = "cm/year", }, ["in/y"] = { target = "in/year", }, ["in/yr"] = { target = "in/year", }, ["knot"] = { target = "kn", }, ["knots"] = { target = "kn", }, ["kph"] = { target = "km/h", }, ["mi/h"] = { target = "mph", }, ["mm/s"] = { per = { "mm", "s" }, utype = "speed", default = "in/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["C"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius", name2 = "degrees Celsius", symbol = "°C", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = -273.15, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "F", link = "Celsius", }, ["F"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit", symbol = "°F", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 0.55555555555555558, offset = 32-273.15*(9/5), iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "C", link = "Fahrenheit", }, ["K"] = { _name1 = "kelvin", _symbol = "K", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, prefixes = 1, default = "C F", link = "Kelvin", }, ["keVT"] = { name1 = "kiloelectronvolt", symbol = "keV", utype = "temperature", scale = 11.604505e6, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, default = "MK", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["R"] = { name1 = "degree Rankine", name2 = "degrees Rankine", symbol = "°R", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 0.55555555555555558, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "K F C", link = "Rankine scale", }, ["Celsius"] = { target = "C", }, ["°C"] = { target = "C", }, ["°F"] = { target = "F", }, ["°R"] = { target = "R", }, ["C-change"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius change", name2 = "degrees Celsius change", symbol = "°C", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 1, default = "F-change", link = "Celsius", }, ["F-change"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit change", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit change", symbol = "°F", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 0.55555555555555558, default = "C-change", link = "Fahrenheit", }, ["K-change"] = { name1 = "kelvin change", name2 = "kelvins change", symbol = "K", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 1, default = "F-change", link = "Kelvin", }, ["°C-change"] = { target = "C-change", }, ["°F-change"] = { target = "F-change", }, ["century"] = { name1 = "century", name2 = "centuries", symbol = "ha", utype = "time", scale = 3155760000, default = "Gs", }, ["d"] = { name1 = "day", symbol = "d", utype = "time", scale = 86400, default = "ks", }, ["decade"] = { name1 = "decade", symbol = "daa", utype = "time", scale = 315576000, default = "Ms", }, ["dog year"] = { name1 = "dog year", symbol = "dog yr", utype = "time", scale = 220903200, default = "years", link = "List of unusual units of measurement#Dog year", }, ["fortnight"] = { symbol = "fortnight", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 1209600, default = "week", }, ["h"] = { name1 = "hour", symbol = "h", utype = "time", scale = 3600, default = "ks", }, ["long billion year"] = { name1 = "billion years", name2 = "billion years", symbol = "Ta", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000000, default = "Es", link = "Annum", }, ["millennium"] = { name1 = "millennium", name2 = "millennia", symbol = "ka", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000, default = "Gs", }, ["milliard year"] = { name1 = "milliard years", name2 = "milliard years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["million year"] = { name1 = "million years", name2 = "million years", symbol = "Ma", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000, default = "Ts", link = "Annum", }, ["min"] = { name1 = "minute", symbol = "min", utype = "time", scale = 60, default = "s", }, ["month"] = { symbol = "month", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 2629800, default = "Ms", }, ["months"] = { name1 = "month", symbol = "mo", utype = "time", scale = 2629800, default = "year", }, ["s"] = { _name1 = "second", _symbol = "s", utype = "time", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "min", link = "Second", }, ["short billion year"] = { name1 = "billion years", name2 = "billion years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["short trillion year"] = { name1 = "trillion years", name2 = "trillion years", symbol = "Ta", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000000, default = "Es", link = "Annum", }, ["thousand million year"] = { name1 = "thousand million years", name2 = "thousand million years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["wk"] = { symbol = "week", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 604800, default = "Ms", }, ["year"] = { name1 = "year", symbol = "a", utype = "time", scale = 31557600, default = "Ms", link = "Annum", }, ["years"] = { name1 = "year", symbol = "yr", utype = "time", scale = 31557600, default = "Ms", link = "Annum", }, ["byr"] = { target = "short billion year", }, ["day"] = { target = "d", }, ["days"] = { target = "d", }, ["dog yr"] = { target = "dog year", }, ["Gyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["hour"] = { target = "h", }, ["hours"] = { target = "h", }, ["kMyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["kmyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["kyr"] = { target = "millennium", }, ["long byr"] = { target = "long billion year", }, ["minute"] = { target = "min", }, ["minutes"] = { target = "min", }, ["mth"] = { target = "month", }, ["Myr"] = { target = "million year", }, ["myr"] = { target = "million year", }, ["second"] = { target = "s", }, ["seconds"] = { target = "s", }, ["tmyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["tryr"] = { target = "short trillion year", }, ["tyr"] = { target = "millennium", }, ["week"] = { target = "wk", }, ["weeks"] = { target = "wk", }, ["yr"] = { target = "year", }, ["kg.m"] = { name1 = "kilogram metre", name1_us = "kilogram meter", symbol = "kg⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kgf.m"] = { name1 = "kilogram force-metre", name1_us = "kilogram force-meter", symbol = "kgf⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kgm"] = { name1 = "kilogram metre", name1_us = "kilogram meter", symbol = "kg⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["lb-fft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "ft⋅lb_f", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lb.ft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "lb⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lb.in"] = { name1 = "pound force-inch", symbol = "lb⋅in", utype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mN.m", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lbfft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "lbf⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lbft"] = { name1 = "pound-foot", name2 = "pound-feet", symbol = "lb⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["m.kg-f"] = { name1 = "metre kilogram-force", name1_us = "meter kilogram-force", name2 = "metre kilograms-force", name2_us = "meter kilograms-force", symbol = "m⋅kg_f", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["m.kgf"] = { name1 = "metre kilogram-force", name1_us = "meter kilogram-force", name2 = "metre kilograms-force", name2_us = "meter kilograms-force", symbol = "m⋅kgf", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["mN.m"] = { name1 = "millinewton metre", name1_us = "millinewton meter", symbol = "mN⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 0.001, default = "lb.in", link = "Newton metre", }, ["Nm"] = { _name1 = "newton metre", _name1_us= "newton meter", _symbol = "N⋅m", utype = "torque", alttype = "energy", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "lbfft", link = "Newton metre", }, ["kN/m"] = { per = { "kN", "-m-stiff" }, utype = "torque", default = "lbf/in", }, ["lbf/in"] = { per = { "lbf", "-in-stiff" }, utype = "torque", default = "kN/m", }, ["lb-f.ft"] = { target = "lb-fft", }, ["lbf.ft"] = { target = "lbfft", }, ["lbf·ft"] = { target = "lbfft", }, ["lb·ft"] = { target = "lb.ft", }, ["mkg-f"] = { target = "m.kg-f", }, ["mkgf"] = { target = "m.kgf", }, ["N.m"] = { target = "Nm", }, ["N·m"] = { target = "Nm", }, ["-12USoz(mL)serve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "mL", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["-12USoz(ml)serve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "ml", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["-12USozserve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "mL", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["acre foot"] = { name1 = "acre foot", name2 = "acre foot", symbol = "acre⋅ft", utype = "volume", scale = 1233.48183754752, default = "m3", }, ["acre ft"] = { name1 = "acre foot", name2 = "acre feet", symbol = "acre⋅ft", utype = "volume", scale = 1233.48183754752, default = "m3", }, ["AUtbsp"] = { name1 = "Australian tablespoon", symbol = "AU&nbsp;tbsp", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000020, default = "ml", }, ["Bcuft"] = { name1 = "billion cubic foot", name2 = "billion cubic feet", symbol = "billion cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "Gl", link = "Cubic foot", }, ["bdft"] = { name1 = "board foot", name2 = "board feet", symbol = "bd&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["board feet"] = { name2 = "board feet", symbol = "board foot", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["board foot"] = { name2 = "board foot", symbol = "board foot", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["cc"] = { name1 = "cubic centimetre", name1_us = "cubic centimeter", symbol = "cc", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000001, default = "cuin", }, ["CID"] = { name1 = "cubic inch", name2 = "cubic inches", symbol = "cu&nbsp;in", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000016387064, default = "cc", link = "Cubic inch#Engine displacement", }, ["cord"] = { symbol = "cord", utype = "volume", scale = 3.624556363776, default = "m3", link = "Cord (unit)", }, ["cufoot"] = { name1 = "cubic foot", name2 = "cubic foot", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.028316846592, default = "m3", }, ["cuft"] = { name1 = "cubic foot", name2 = "cubic feet", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.028316846592, default = "m3", }, ["cuin"] = { name1 = "cubic inch", name2 = "cubic inches", symbol = "cu&nbsp;in", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000016387064, default = "cm3", }, ["cumi"] = { name1 = "cubic mile", symbol = "cu&nbsp;mi", utype = "volume", scale = 4168181825.440579584, default = "km3", }, ["cuyd"] = { name1 = "cubic yard", symbol = "cu&nbsp;yd", utype = "volume", scale = 0.764554857984, default = "m3", }, ["firkin"] = { symbol = "firkin", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.04091481, default = "l impgal USgal", link = "Firkin (unit)", }, ["foot3"] = { target = "cufoot", }, ["Goilbbl"] = { name1 = "billion barrels", name2 = "billion barrels", symbol = "Gbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987294.928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["gr water"] = { name1 = "grains water", name2 = "grains water", symbol = "gr H₂O", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00000006479891, default = "cm3", link = "Grain (unit)", }, ["grt"] = { name1 = "gross register ton", symbol = "grt", utype = "volume", scale = 2.8316846592, default = "m3", link = "Gross register tonnage", }, ["impbbl"] = { name1 = "imperial barrel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.16365924, default = "l impgal USgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["impbsh"] = { name1 = "imperial bushel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bsh", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03636872, default = "l impgal USdrygal", }, ["impbu"] = { name1 = "imperial bushel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bu", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03636872, default = "m3", }, ["impgal"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00454609, default = "l USgal", }, ["impgi"] = { name1 = "gill", symbol = "gi", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0001420653125, default = "ml USoz", link = "Gill (unit)", }, ["impkenning"] = { name1 = "imperial kenning", symbol = "kenning", utype = "volume", scale = 0.01818436, default = "l USdrygal", link = "Kenning (unit)", }, ["impoz"] = { name1 = "imperial fluid ounce", symbol = "imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0000284130625, default = "ml USoz", }, ["imppk"] = { name1 = "imperial peck", symbol = "pk", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00909218, default = "l USdrygal", link = "Peck", }, ["imppt"] = { name1 = "imperial pint", symbol = "imp&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00056826125, default = "l", }, ["impqt"] = { name1 = "imperial quart", symbol = "imp&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0011365225, default = "ml USoz", customary= 3, }, ["kilderkin"] = { symbol = "kilderkin", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.08182962, default = "l impgal USgal", }, ["koilbbl"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels", name2 = "thousand barrels", symbol = "kbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158.987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["L"] = { _name1 = "litre", _name1_us= "liter", _symbol = "L", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "impgal USgal", link = "Litre", }, ["l"] = { _name1 = "litre", _name1_us= "liter", _symbol = "l", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "impgal USgal", link = "Litre", }, ["m3"] = { _name1 = "cubic metre", _name1_us= "cubic meter", _symbol = "m³", prefix_position= 7, utype = "volume", scale = 1, prefixes = 3, default = "cuft", link = "Cubic metre", }, ["Mbbl"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels", name2 = "thousand barrels", symbol = "Mbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158.987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["MMoilbbl"] = { name1 = "million barrels", name2 = "million barrels", symbol = "MMbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987.294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["Moilbbl"] = { name1 = "million barrels", name2 = "million barrels", symbol = "Mbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987.294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["MTON"] = { name1 = "measurement ton", symbol = "MTON", utype = "volume", scale = 1.13267386368, default = "m3", }, ["MUSgal"] = { name1 = "million US gallons", name1_us = "million U.S. gallons", name2 = "million US gallons", name2_us = "million U.S. gallons", symbol = "million US&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "million U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 3785.411784, default = "Ml", link = "US gallon", }, ["oilbbl"] = { name1 = "barrel", symbol = "bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.158987294928, default = "m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["stere"] = { symbol = "stere", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 1, default = "cuft", }, ["Toilbbl"] = { name1 = "trillion barrels", name2 = "trillion barrels", symbol = "Tbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["USbbl"] = { name1 = "US barrel", name1_us = "U.S. barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.119240471196, default = "l USgal impgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USbeerbbl"] = { name1 = "US beer barrel", name1_us = "U.S. beer barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.117347765304, default = "l USgal impgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USbsh"] = { name1 = "US bushel", name1_us = "U.S. bushel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bsh", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bsh", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03523907016688, default = "l USdrygal impgal", link = "Bushel", }, ["USbu"] = { name1 = "US bushel", name1_us = "U.S. bushel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bu", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bu", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03523907016688, default = "l USdrygal impgal", link = "Bushel", }, ["USdrybbl"] = { name1 = "US dry barrel", name1_us = "U.S. dry barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.11562819898508, default = "m3", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USdrygal"] = { name1 = "US dry gallon", name1_us = "U.S. dry gallon", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00440488377086, default = "l", link = "Gallon", }, ["USdrypt"] = { name1 = "US dry pint", name1_us = "U.S. dry pint", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0005506104713575, default = "ml", link = "Pint", }, ["USdryqt"] = { name1 = "US dry quart", name1_us = "U.S. dry quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001101220942715, default = "ml", link = "Quart", }, ["USflgal"] = { name1 = "US gallon", name1_us = "U.S. gallon", symbol = "US fl gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "l impgal", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal"] = { name1 = "US gallon", name1_us = "U.S. gallon", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "l impgal", }, ["USgi"] = { name1 = "gill", symbol = "gi", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0001182941183, default = "ml impoz", link = "Gill (unit)", }, ["USkenning"] = { name1 = "US kenning", name1_us = "U.S. kenning", symbol = "US&nbsp;kenning", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;kenning", utype = "volume", scale = 0.01761953508344, default = "l impgal", link = "Kenning (unit)", }, ["USmin"] = { name1 = "US minim", name1_us = "U.S. minim", symbol = "US&nbsp;min", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;min", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000000061611519921875, default = "ml", link = "Minim (unit)", }, ["USoz"] = { name1 = "US fluid ounce", name1_us = "U.S. fluid ounce", symbol = "US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0000295735295625, default = "ml", }, ["USpk"] = { name1 = "US peck", name1_us = "U.S. peck", symbol = "US&nbsp;pk", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;pk", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00880976754172, default = "l impgal", link = "Peck", }, ["USpt"] = { name1 = "US pint", name1_us = "U.S. pint", symbol = "US&nbsp;pt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000473176473, default = "l imppt", link = "Pint", }, ["USqt"] = { name1 = "US quart", name1_us = "U.S. quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000946352946, default = "ml", link = "Quart", customary= 1, }, ["USquart"] = { name1 = "US quart", name1_us = "U.S. quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000946352946, default = "ml impoz", link = "Quart", }, ["UStbsp"] = { name1 = "US tablespoon", name1_us = "U.S. tablespoon", symbol = "US&nbsp;tbsp", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;tbsp", utype = "volume", scale = 1.4786764781250001e-5, default = "ml", }, ["winecase"] = { symbol = "case", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.009, default = "l", link = "Case (goods)", }, ["*U.S.drygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", sp_us = true, customary= 2, }, ["*U.S.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, default = "L impgal", customary= 2, }, ["+USdrygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", customary= 1, }, ["+usfloz"] = { target = "USoz", link = "Fluid ounce", customary= 1, }, ["+USgal"] = { target = "USgal", customary= 1, }, ["+USoz"] = { target = "USoz", customary= 1, }, ["@impgal"] = { target = "impgal", link = "Gallon", customary= 3, }, ["acre feet"] = { target = "acre ft", }, ["acre-feet"] = { target = "acre ft", }, ["acre-ft"] = { target = "acre ft", }, ["acre.foot"] = { target = "acre foot", }, ["acre.ft"] = { target = "acre ft", }, ["acre·ft"] = { target = "acre ft", }, ["bushels"] = { target = "USbsh", }, ["cid"] = { target = "CID", }, ["ft3"] = { target = "cuft", }, ["gal"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["gallon"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallon%})", }, ["gallons"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallons%})", }, ["Gcuft"] = { target = "e9cuft", }, ["impfloz"] = { target = "impoz", }, ["Impgal"] = { target = "impgal", }, ["in3"] = { target = "cuin", symbol = "in³", }, ["kcuft"] = { target = "e3cuft", }, ["kcum"] = { target = "e3m3", }, ["km³"] = { target = "km3", }, ["liter"] = { target = "L", sp_us = true, }, ["liters"] = { target = "L", sp_us = true, }, ["litre"] = { target = "L", }, ["litres"] = { target = "L", }, ["Mcuft"] = { target = "e6cuft", }, ["Mcum"] = { target = "e6m3", }, ["Mft3"] = { target = "e6cuft", }, ["mi3"] = { target = "cumi", }, ["m³"] = { target = "m3", }, ["Pcuft"] = { target = "e15cuft", }, ["pt"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USpt%} for US pints or %{imppt%} for imperial pints (not %{pt%})", }, ["qt"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USqt%} for US quarts or %{impqt%} for imperial quarts (not %{qt%})", }, ["Tcuft"] = { target = "e12cuft", }, ["Tft3"] = { target = "e12cuft", }, ["U.S.bbl"] = { target = "USbbl", sp_us = true, default = "l U.S.gal impgal", }, ["U.S.beerbbl"] = { target = "USbeerbbl", sp_us = true, default = "l U.S.gal impgal", }, ["U.S.bsh"] = { target = "USbsh", sp_us = true, default = "l U.S.drygal impgal", }, ["U.S.bu"] = { target = "USbu", sp_us = true, default = "l U.S.drygal impgal", }, ["U.S.drybbl"] = { target = "USdrybbl", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.drygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.drypt"] = { target = "USdrypt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.dryqt"] = { target = "USdryqt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.flgal"] = { target = "USflgal", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.floz"] = { target = "USoz", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, default = "L impgal", link = "U.S. gallon", }, ["u.s.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, default = "L impgal", link = "U.S. gallon", }, ["U.S.gi"] = { target = "USgi", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.kenning"] = { target = "USkenning", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.oz"] = { target = "USoz", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.pk"] = { target = "USpk", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.pt"] = { target = "USpt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.qt"] = { target = "USqt", sp_us = true, default = "L impqt", customary= 2, }, ["usbbl"] = { target = "USbbl", }, ["usbeerbbl"] = { target = "USbeerbbl", }, ["usbsh"] = { target = "USbsh", }, ["usbu"] = { target = "USbu", }, ["usdrybbl"] = { target = "USdrybbl", }, ["usdrygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", }, ["usdrypt"] = { target = "USdrypt", }, ["usdryqt"] = { target = "USdryqt", }, ["USfloz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["usfloz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["USGAL"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["usgal"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["usgi"] = { target = "USgi", }, ["uskenning"] = { target = "USkenning", }, ["usoz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["uspk"] = { target = "USpk", }, ["uspt"] = { target = "USpt", }, ["usqt"] = { target = "USqt", }, ["yd3"] = { target = "cuyd", }, ["cuft/sqmi"] = { per = { "cuft", "sqmi" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["m3/ha"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per hectare", name1_us = "cubic meter per hectare", name2 = "cubic metres per hectare", name2_us = "cubic meters per hectare", symbol = "m³/ha", utype = "volume per unit area", scale = 0.0001, default = "USbu/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["m3/km2"] = { per = { "m3", "km2" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "cuft/sqmi", }, ["U.S.gal/acre"] = { per = { "U.S.gal", "acre" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["USbu/acre"] = { name2 = "US bushels per acre", symbol = "US bushel per acre", usename = 1, utype = "volume per unit area", scale = 8.7077638761350888e-6, default = "m3/ha", link = "Bushel", }, ["USgal/acre"] = { per = { "USgal", "acre" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["cuyd/mi"] = { per = { "cuyd", "mi" }, utype = "volume per unit length", default = "m3/km", }, ["m3/km"] = { per = { "m3", "km" }, utype = "volume per unit length", default = "cuyd/mi", }, ["mich"] = { combination= { "ch", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["michlk"] = { combination= { "chlk", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["michainlk"] = { combination= { "chainlk", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["miydftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft", "yd", "mi" }, multiple = { 12, 3, 1760 }, utype = "length", }, ["mift"] = { combination= { "ft", "mi" }, multiple = { 5280 }, utype = "length", }, ["ydftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft", "yd" }, multiple = { 12, 3 }, utype = "length", }, ["ydft"] = { combination= { "ft", "yd" }, multiple = { 3 }, utype = "length", }, ["ftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft" }, multiple = { 12 }, utype = "length", }, ["footin"] = { combination= { "in", "foot" }, multiple = { 12 }, utype = "length", }, ["handin"] = { combination= { "in", "hand" }, multiple = { 4 }, utype = "length", }, ["lboz"] = { combination= { "oz", "lb" }, multiple = { 16 }, utype = "mass", }, ["stlb"] = { combination= { "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["stlboz"] = { combination= { "oz", "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 16, 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["st and lb"] = { combination= { "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["GN LTf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN STf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN LTf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN STf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["LTf STf"] = { combination= { "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN LTf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN STf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["STf LTf"] = { combination= { "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["L/100 km mpgimp"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgimp" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["l/100 km mpgimp"] = { combination= { "l/100 km", "mpgimp" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["L/100 km mpgUS"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["L/100 km mpgus"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["l/100 km mpgus"] = { combination= { "l/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["mpgimp L/100 km"] = { combination= { "mpgimp", "L/100 km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["LT ST t"] = { combination= { "lt", "-ST", "t" }, utype = "mass", }, ["LT t ST"] = { combination= { "lt", "t", "-ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ST LT t"] = { combination= { "-ST", "lt", "t" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ST t LT"] = { combination= { "-ST", "t", "lt" }, utype = "mass", }, ["t LT ST"] = { combination= { "t", "lt", "-ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ton"] = { combination= { "LT", "ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["kPa kg/cm2"] = { combination= { "kPa", "kgf/cm2" }, utype = "pressure", }, ["kPa lb/in2"] = { combination= { "kPa", "-lb/in2" }, utype = "pressure", }, ["floz"] = { combination= { "impoz", "USoz" }, utype = "volume", }, } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local default_exceptions = { -- Prefixed units with a default different from that of the base unit. -- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (unitcode for engineering notation). ["cm²"] = "sqin", ["dm²"] = "sqin", ["e3acre"] = "km2", ["e3m2"] = "e6sqft", ["e6acre"] = "km2", ["e6ha"] = "e6acre", ["e6km2"] = "e6sqmi", ["e6m2"] = "e6sqft", ["e6sqft"] = "v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2", ["e6sqmi"] = "e6km2", ["hm²"] = "acre", ["km²"] = "sqmi", ["mm²"] = "sqin", ["aJ"] = "eV", ["e3BTU"] = "MJ", ["e6BTU"] = "GJ", ["EJ"] = "kWh", ["fJ"] = "keV", ["GJ"] = "kWh", ["MJ"] = "kWh", ["PJ"] = "kWh", ["pJ"] = "MeV", ["TJ"] = "kWh", ["YJ"] = "kWh", ["yJ"] = "μeV", ["ZJ"] = "kWh", ["zJ"] = "meV", ["e12cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a", ["e12cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d", ["e12m3/a"] = "Tcuft/a", ["e12m3/d"] = "Tcuft/d", ["e3cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", ["e3cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d", ["e3cuft/s"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s", ["e3m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a", ["e3m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d", ["e3m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s", ["e3USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", ["e6cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", ["e6cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d", ["e6cuft/s"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s", ["e6m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a", ["e6m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d", ["e6m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s", ["e6USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", ["e9cuft/a"] = "m3/a", ["e9cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d", ["e9m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a", ["e9m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d", ["e9m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s", ["e9USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a", ["e9USgal/s"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s", ["nN"] = "gr-f", ["μN"] = "gr-f", ["mN"] = "oz-f", ["am"] = "in", ["cm"] = "in", ["dam"] = "ft", ["dm"] = "in", ["e12km"] = "e12mi", ["e12mi"] = "e12km", ["e3AU"] = "ly", ["e3km"] = "e3mi", ["e3mi"] = "e3km", ["e6km"] = "e6mi", ["e6mi"] = "e6km", ["e9km"] = "AU", ["e9mi"] = "e9km", ["Em"] = "mi", ["fm"] = "in", ["Gm"] = "mi", ["hm"] = "ft", ["km"] = "mi", ["mm"] = "in", ["Mm"] = "mi", ["nm"] = "in", ["Pm"] = "mi", ["pm"] = "in", ["Tm"] = "mi", ["Ym"] = "mi", ["ym"] = "in", ["Zm"] = "mi", ["zm"] = "in", ["μm"] = "in", ["e12lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt", ["e3lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t", ["e3ozt"] = "v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t", ["e3t"] = "LT ST", ["e6carat"] = "t", ["e6lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne", ["e6ozt"] = "lb kg", ["e6ST"] = "Mt", ["e6t"] = "LT ST", ["e9lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt", ["e9t"] = "LT ST", ["Gg"] = "lb", ["kg"] = "lb", ["mg"] = "gr", ["Mg"] = "LT ST", ["ng"] = "gr", ["μg"] = "gr", ["mBq"] = "fCi", ["kBq"] = "nCi", ["MBq"] = "μCi", ["GBq"] = "mCi", ["TBq"] = "Ci", ["PBq"] = "kCi", ["EBq"] = "kCi", ["fCi"] = "mBq", ["pCi"] = "Bq", ["nCi"] = "Bq", ["μCi"] = "kBq", ["mCi"] = "MBq", ["kCi"] = "TBq", ["MCi"] = "PBq", ["ns"] = "μs", ["μs"] = "ms", ["ms"] = "s", ["ks"] = "h", ["Ms"] = "week", ["Gs"] = "decade", ["Ts"] = "millennium", ["Ps"] = "million year", ["Es"] = "thousand million year", ["MK"] = "keVT", ["cL"] = "impoz usoz", ["cl"] = "impoz usoz", ["cm³"] = "cuin", ["dL"] = "impoz usoz", ["dl"] = "impoz usoz", ["mm³"] = "cuin", ["dm³"] = "cuin", ["e12cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3", ["e12impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e12m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft", ["e12U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e12USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e15cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3", ["e15m3"] = "Pcuft", ["e3bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e3cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3", ["e3impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e3m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft", ["e3U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e3USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e6bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6cuyd"] = "v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e6L"] = "USgal", ["e6m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft", ["e6U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e6USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e9bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", ["e9cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", ["e9impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["e9m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft", ["e9U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["e9USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["GL"] = "cuft", ["Gl"] = "cuft", ["kL"] = "cuft", ["kl"] = "cuft", ["km³"] = "cumi", ["mL"] = "impoz usoz", ["ml"] = "impoz usoz", ["Ml"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft", ["ML"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft", ["TL"] = "cumi", ["Tl"] = "cumi", ["μL"] = "cuin", ["μl"] = "cuin", } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local link_exceptions = { -- Prefixed units with a linked article different from that of the base unit. -- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (not unitcode). ["mm²"] = "Square millimetre", ["cm²"] = "Square centimetre", ["dm²"] = "Square decimetre", ["km²"] = "Square kilometre", ["kJ"] = "Kilojoule", ["MJ"] = "Megajoule", ["fm"] = "Femtometre", ["pm"] = "Picometre", ["nm"] = "Nanometre", ["μm"] = "Micrometre", ["mm"] = "Millimetre", ["cm"] = "Centimetre", ["dm"] = "Decimetre", ["dam"] = "Decametre", ["hm"] = "Hectometre", ["km"] = "Kilometre", ["Mm"] = "Megametre", ["Gm"] = "Gigametre", ["Tm"] = "Terametre", ["Pm"] = "Petametre", ["Em"] = "Exametre", ["Zm"] = "Zettametre", ["Ym"] = "Yottametre", ["μg"] = "Microgram", ["mg"] = "Milligram", ["kg"] = "Kilogram", ["Mg"] = "Tonne", ["yW"] = "Yoctowatt", ["zW"] = "Zeptowatt", ["aW"] = "Attowatt", ["fW"] = "Femtowatt", ["pW"] = "Picowatt", ["nW"] = "Nanowatt", ["μW"] = "Microwatt", ["mW"] = "Milliwatt", ["kW"] = "Kilowatt", ["MW"] = "Megawatt", ["GW"] = "Gigawatt", ["TW"] = "Terawatt", ["PW"] = "Petawatt", ["EW"] = "Exawatt", ["ZW"] = "Zettawatt", ["YW"] = "Yottawatt", ["as"] = "Attosecond", ["fs"] = "Femtosecond", ["ps"] = "Picosecond", ["ns"] = "Nanosecond", ["μs"] = "Microsecond", ["ms"] = "Millisecond", ["ks"] = "Kilosecond", ["Ms"] = "Megasecond", ["Gs"] = "Gigasecond", ["Ts"] = "Terasecond", ["Ps"] = "Petasecond", ["Es"] = "Exasecond", ["Zs"] = "Zettasecond", ["Ys"] = "Yottasecond", ["mm³"] = "Cubic millimetre", ["cm³"] = "Cubic centimetre", ["dm³"] = "Cubic decimetre", ["dam³"] = "Cubic decametre", ["km³"] = "Cubic kilometre", ["μL"] = "Microlitre", ["μl"] = "Microlitre", ["mL"] = "Millilitre", ["ml"] = "Millilitre", ["cL"] = "Centilitre", ["cl"] = "Centilitre", ["dL"] = "Decilitre", ["dl"] = "Decilitre", ["daL"] = "Decalitre", ["dal"] = "Decalitre", ["hL"] = "Hectolitre", ["hl"] = "Hectolitre", ["kL"] = "Kilolitre", ["kl"] = "Kilolitre", ["ML"] = "Megalitre", ["Ml"] = "Megalitre", ["GL"] = "Gigalitre", ["Gl"] = "Gigalitre", ["TL"] = "Teralitre", ["Tl"] = "Teralitre", ["PL"] = "Petalitre", ["Pl"] = "Petalitre", } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local per_unit_fixups = { -- Automatically created per units of form "x/y" may have their unit type -- changed, for example, "length/time" is changed to "speed". -- Other adjustments can also be specified. ["/area"] = "per unit area", ["/volume"] = "per unit volume", ["area/area"] = "area per unit area", ["energy/length"] = "energy per unit length", ["energy/mass"] = "energy per unit mass", ["energy/time"] = { utype = "power", link = "Power (physics)" }, ["energy/volume"] = "energy per unit volume", ["force/area"] = { utype = "pressure", link = "Pressure" }, ["length/length"] = { utype = "gradient", link = "Grade (slope)" }, ["length/time"] = { utype = "speed", link = "Speed" }, ["length/time/time"] = { utype = "acceleration", link = "Acceleration" }, ["mass/area"] = { utype = "pressure", multiplier = 9.80665 }, ["mass/length"] = "linear density", ["mass/mass"] = "concentration", ["mass/power"] = "mass per unit power", ["mass/time"] = "mass per unit time", ["mass/volume"] = { utype = "density", link = "Density" }, ["power/mass"] = "power per unit mass", ["power/volume"] = { link = "Power density" }, ["pressure/length"] = "fracture gradient", ["speed/time"] = { utype = "acceleration", link = "Acceleration" }, ["volume/area"] = "volume per unit area", ["volume/length"] = "volume per unit length", ["volume/time"] = "flow", } return { all_units = all_units, default_exceptions = default_exceptions, link_exceptions = link_exceptions, per_unit_fixups = per_unit_fixups, } 8hb9ypau6m9w3jzeclddtwym1di8zlw 828 3786150 7240313 2026-07-05T15:55:26Z Sree1959 2594881 மோட்யூல் உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7240313 Scribunto text/plain -- Text used by Module:Wy/ta/Convert for tawikivoyage. -- This is a separate module to simplify translation for use on another wiki. -- See [[:en:Template:Convert/Transwiki guide]] if copying to another wiki. -- Some units accept an SI prefix before the unit code, such as "kg" for kilogram. local SIprefixes = { -- The prefix field is what the prefix should be, if different from the prefix used. ['Y'] = { exponent = 24, name = 'yotta', }, ['Z'] = { exponent = 21, name = 'zetta', }, ['E'] = { exponent = 18, name = 'exa' , }, ['P'] = { exponent = 15, name = 'peta' , }, ['T'] = { exponent = 12, name = 'tera' , }, ['G'] = { exponent = 9, name = 'giga' , }, ['M'] = { exponent = 6, name = 'mega' , }, ['k'] = { exponent = 3, name = 'kilo' , }, ['h'] = { exponent = 2, name = 'hecto', }, ['da']= { exponent = 1, name = 'deca' , name_us = 'deka' }, ['d'] = { exponent = -1, name = 'deci' , }, ['c'] = { exponent = -2, name = 'centi', }, ['m'] = { exponent = -3, name = 'milli', }, ['μ'] = { exponent = -6, name = 'micro', }, -- key = 'GREEK SMALL LETTER MU' (U+03BC) utf-8 CE BC ['µ'] = { exponent = -6, name = 'micro', prefix = 'μ' }, -- key = 'MICRO SIGN' (U+00B5) utf-8 C2 B5 ['u'] = { exponent = -6, name = 'micro', prefix = 'μ' }, -- not an SI prefix, but allow for people typing this ['n'] = { exponent = -9, name = 'nano' , }, ['p'] = { exponent =-12, name = 'pico' , }, ['f'] = { exponent =-15, name = 'femto', }, ['a'] = { exponent =-18, name = 'atto' , }, ['z'] = { exponent =-21, name = 'zepto', }, ['y'] = { exponent =-24, name = 'yocto', }, } -- Some units can be qualified with one of the following prefixes, when linked. local customary_units = { { "US", link = "United States customary units" }, { "U.S.", link = "United States customary units" }, { "imperial", link = "Imperial units" }, { "imp", link = "Imperial units" }, } -- Names when using engineering notation (a prefix of "eN" where N is a number; example "e6km"). -- key = { "name", link = "article title", exponent = numeric_key_value } -- If lk=on and link is defined, the name of the number will appear as a link. local eng_scales = { ["3"] = { "thousand", exponent = 3 }, ["6"] = { "million", exponent = 6 }, ["9"] = { "billion", link = "1000000000 (number)", exponent = 9 }, ["12"] = { "trillion", link = "1000000000000 (number)", exponent = 12 }, ["15"] = { "quadrillion", link = "1000000000000000 (number)", exponent = 15 }, } local all_categories = { unit = "[[Category:Convert errors]]", option = "[[Category:Convert errors]]", warning = '[[Category:Convert errors]]', tracking = '[[Category:Convert tracking]]', } -- For some error messages, the following puts the wanted style around -- each unit code marked like '...%{ft%}...'. local unitcode_regex = '%%([{}])' local unitcode_replace = { ['{'] = '"', ['}'] = '"' } -- no longer need the more elaborate substitute used before 2013-09-28 -- All messages that may be displayed if a problem occurs. local all_messages = { -- Message format string: $1=title, $2=text, $3=category, $4=anchor. -- Each displayed message starts with "Convert:" so can easily locate by searching article. cvt_format = '<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i>[[Help:Convert messages#$4|<span title="Convert: $1">convert: $2</span>]]</i>]</sup>$3<span class="error"></span>', cvt_format2 = '<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[[Help:Convert messages#$4|<span title="Convert: $1">$2</span>]]</sup>$3<span class="error"></span>', cvt_format_preview = '<strong class="error">Error in convert: $1 [[Help:Convert messages#$4|(help)]]</strong>$3', -- Each of following messages is a table: -- { [1] = 'title', -- mouseover title text -- [2] = 'text', -- link text displayed in article -- [3] = 'category key', -- key to lookup category in all_categories -- [4] = 'anchor', -- anchor for link to relevant section on help page -- regex = gsub_regex, -- replace = gsub_table, -- } Mouseover title text Link text CatKey Anchor cvt_bad_input = { 'input "$1" must be a number and unit' , 'invalid input' , 'option', 'invalid_input' }, cvt_bad_num = { 'Value "$1" must be a number' , 'invalid number' , 'option', 'invalid_number' }, cvt_big_prec = { 'Precision "$1" is too large' , 'precision too large' , 'option', 'precision_too_large' }, cvt_invalid_num = { 'Number has overflowed' , 'number overflow' , 'option', 'number_overflow' }, cvt_no_num = { 'Needs the number to be converted' , 'needs a number' , 'option', 'needs_number' }, cvt_no_num2 = { 'Needs another number for a range' , 'needs another number', 'option', 'needs_another_number' }, cvt_bad_frac = { '"$1" needs an integer above 1' , 'invalid fraction' , 'option', 'invalid_fraction' }, cvt_bad_prec = { 'Precision "$1" must be an integer' , 'invalid precision' , 'option', 'invalid_precision' }, cvt_bad_sigfig = { '"$1" needs a positive integer' , 'invalid sigfig' , 'option', 'invalid_sigfig' }, cvt_empty_option = { 'Ignored empty option "$1"' , 'empty option' , 'option', 'empty_option' }, cvt_deprecated = { 'Option "$1" is deprecated' , '*' , 'option', 'deprecated_option', format = 'cvt_format2', nowarn = true }, cvt_no_spell = { 'Spelling is not available' , 'bug, ask for help' , 'option', 'ask_for_help' }, cvt_unknown_option = { 'Ignored invalid option "$1"' , 'invalid option' , 'option', 'invalid_option' }, cvt_wd_fail = { 'Unable to access Wikidata' , 'wikidata problem' , 'option', 'wikidata_problem' }, cvt_bad_default = { 'Unit "$1" has an invalid default' , 'bug, ask for help' , 'unit' , 'ask_for_help' }, cvt_bad_unit = { 'Unit "$1" is invalid here' , 'unit invalid here' , 'unit' , 'unit_invalid_here' }, cvt_no_default = { 'Unit "$1" has no default output unit' , 'bug, ask for help' , 'unit' , 'ask_for_help' }, cvt_no_unit = { 'Needs name of unit' , 'needs unit name' , 'unit' , 'needs_unit_name' }, cvt_unknown = { 'Unit name "$1" is not known' , 'unknown unit' , 'unit' , 'unknown_unit' }, cvt_should_be = { '$1' , 'ambiguous unit' , 'unit' , 'ambiguous_unit', regex = unitcode_regex, replace = unitcode_replace }, cvt_mismatch = { 'Cannot convert "$1" to "$2"' , 'unit mismatch' , 'unit' , 'unit_mismatch' }, cvt_bug_convert = { 'Bug: Cannot convert between specified units', 'bug, ask for help' , 'unit' , 'ask_for_help' }, cvt_lookup = { 'Unit "$1" is incorrectly defined' , 'bug, ask for help' , 'unit' , 'ask_for_help' }, } -- Text to join input value/unit with output value/unit. local disp_joins = { -- [1]=before output, [2]=after output, [3]=between outputs in a combination; default "; " -- [wantname] gives default abbr=off ["or"] = { " or " , "" , " or ", wantname = true }, ["sqbr-sp"] = { " [" , "]" }, ["sqbr-nbsp"] = { "&nbsp;[" , "]" }, ["comma"] = { ", " , "" , ", " }, ["slash-sp"] = { " / " , "" , wantname = true }, ["slash-nbsp"] = { "&nbsp;/ ", "" , wantname = true }, ["slash-nosp"] = { "/" , "" , wantname = true }, ["b"] = { " (" , ")" }, ["(or)"] = { " (" , ")", " or " }, ["br"] = { "<br />" , "" , wantname = true }, ["br()"] = { "<br />(" , ")", wantname = true }, } -- Text to separate values in a range. local range_types = { -- Specifying a table requires either: -- * "off" and "on" values (for "abbr=off" and "abbr=on"), or -- * "input" and "output" values (for LHS and RHS); -- other fields are optional. -- When "adj=on|abbr=off" applies, spaces in range text are replaced with hyphens. -- With "exception = true", that also occurs with "adj=on|abbr=on". -- If "adj" is defined here, that text (unchanged) is used with "adj=on". ["+"] = " + ", [","] = ",&nbsp;", [", and"] = ", and ", [", or"] = ", or ", ["by"] = " by ", ["-"] = "–", ["to about"] = " to about ", ["and"] = { off = " and ", on = " and ", exception = true }, ["and(-)"] = { input = " and ", output = "–" }, ["or"] = { off = " or " , on = " or " , exception = true }, ["to"] = { off = " to " , on = " to " , exception = true }, ["to(-)"] = { input = "&nbsp;to ", output = "–" }, ["+/-"] = { off = "&nbsp;±&nbsp;", on = "&nbsp;±&nbsp;", adj = "&nbsp;±&nbsp;", is_range_change = true }, ["by(x)"] = { input = " by ", output = " ×&nbsp;", out_range_x = true }, ["x"] = { off = " by ", on = " ×&nbsp;", abbr_range_x = true }, ["xx"] = "&nbsp;×&nbsp;", ["*"] = "×", ["/"] = "&thinsp;/&thinsp;", -- for a table of high/low temperatures with {{convert|83|/|63|F|disp=br()|abbr=values}} } local range_aliases = { -- ["alternative name for a range"] = "standard range name" ["–"] = "-", ["&ndash;"] = "-", ["×"] = "x", ["&times;"] = "x", ["±"] = "+/-", ["&plusmn;"] = "+/-", } -- Convert accepts range text delimited with whitespace, for example, {{convert|1 to 2|ft}}. -- In addition, the following "words" are accepted without spaces, for example, {{convert|1-2|ft}}. -- Words must be in correct order for searching, for example, 'x' after 'xx'. local range_words = { '-', '–', 'xx', 'x', '*' } local ranges = { types = range_types, aliases = range_aliases, words = range_words, } -- Valid option names. local en_option_name = { -- ["local text for option name"] = "en name used in this module" ["$"] = "$", ["abbr"] = "abbr", ["adj"] = "adj", ["comma"] = "comma", ["debug"] = "debug", ["disp"] = "disp", ["frac"] = "frac", ["input"] = "input", ["lang"] = "lang", ["lk"] = "lk", ["order"] = "order", ["qid"] = "qid", ["qual"] = "qual", ["qualifier"] = "qual", ["round"] = "round", ["sigfig"] = "sigfig", ["sing"] = "adj", -- "sing" is an old alias for "adj" ["sortable"] = "sortable", ["sp"] = "sp", ["spell"] = "spell", ["stylein"] = "stylein", ["styleout"] = "styleout", ["tracking"] = "tracking", } -- Valid option values. -- Convention: parms.opt_xxx refers to an option that is set here -- (not intended to be set by the template which invokes this module). -- Example: At enwiki, "abbr" includes: -- ["comma"] = "opt_nocomma" -- As a result, if the template uses abbr=comma, Module:Wy/ta/Convert sets: -- parms["opt_nocomma"] = true -- parms["abbr"] = nil -- Therefore parms.abbr will be nil, or will have one of the listed values -- that do not start with "opt_". -- An option value of form "xxx?" is the same as "xxx" but shows the input as deprecated. local en_option_value = { -- $=x is handled as a special case: x should be a currency symbol that will be used instead of "$" ["abbr"] = { -- ["local text for option value"] = "en value used in this module" ["def"] = "", -- ignored (some wrapper templates call convert with "abbr=def" to mean "default abbreviation") ["h"] = "on", -- abbr=on + use "h" for hand unit (default) ["hh"] = "opt_hand_hh", -- abbr=on + use "hh" for hand unit ["in"] = "in", -- use symbol for LHS unit ["none"] = "off", -- old name for "off" ["off"] = "off", -- use name for all units ["on"] = "on", -- use symbol for all units ["out"] = "out", -- use symbol for RHS unit (default) ["unit"] = "unit", -- abbr=on but abbreviate units only: e6km → million km (not ×10⁶ km) ["values"] = "opt_values", -- show only input and output numbers, not units ["~"] = "opt_also_symbol", -- show input unit symbol as well as name }, ["adj"] = { ["mid"] = "opt_adjectival, opt_adj_mid", -- adj=on with user-specified text after input unit (between input and output) ["off"] = "", -- ignored (off is the default) ["on"] = "opt_adjectival", -- unit name is singular and hyphenated ["pre"] = "opt_one_preunit", -- user-specified text before input unit ["ri0"] = "opt_ri=0", -- round input with precision = 0 ["ri1"] = "opt_ri=1", -- round input with precision = 1 ["ri2"] = "opt_ri=2", -- round input with precision = 2 ["ri3"] = "opt_ri=3", -- round input with precision = 3 }, ["comma"] = { ["5"] = "opt_comma5", -- only use numsep grouping if 5 or more digits ["gaps"] = "opt_gaps", -- use gaps, not numsep, to separate groups of digits ["gaps3"] = "opt_gaps, opt_gaps3", -- group only in threes rather than default of no gap before a single digit after decimal mark ["off"] = "opt_nocomma", -- no numsep in input or output numbers }, ["debug"] = { ["yes"] = "opt_sortable_debug", -- make the normally hidden sort key visible }, ["disp"] = { ["5"] = "opt_round=5?", -- round output value to nearest 5 ["b"] = "b", -- join: '(...)' ["(or)"] = "(or)", -- join: '(...)' with 'or' between outputs in a combination ["br"] = "br", -- join: '<br />' ["br()"] = "br()", -- join: '<br />(...)' ["comma"] = "comma", -- join: ',' ["flip"] = "opt_flip", -- reverse order of input/output ["number"] = "opt_output_number_only", -- display output value (not input, and not output symbol/name) ["or"] = "or", -- join: 'or' ["out"] = "opt_output_only", ["output number only"] = "opt_output_number_only", ["output only"] = "opt_output_only", ["preunit"] = "opt_two_preunits", -- user-specified text before input and output units ["sqbr"] = "sqbr", -- join: '[...]' ["table"] = "opt_table", -- output is suitable for a table cell with align="right" ["tablecen"] = "opt_tablecen", -- output is suitable for a table cell with align="center" ["unit"] = "opt_input_unit_only", -- display input symbol/name (not output, and not input value) ["unit or text"] = "opt_input_unit_only, opt_ignore_error", -- display input symbol/name, or given unit code if not known ["unit2"] = "opt_output_unit_only", ["x"] = "x", -- join: <first>...<second> (user-specified text) }, -- frac=x is handled as a special case: x must be an integer (possibly in local language) = 2 or more -- input=x is handled as a special case: x should be <value><space><unitcode> or <wikidata-property-id> ["lang"] = { -- language for output digits (both en and local digits are always accepted for input) ["en"] = "opt_lang_en", -- use en digits for numbers, regardless of local language ["local"] = "opt_lang_local", -- use local digits for numbers (default, although config can change default to en) }, ["lk"] = { ["in"] = "in", -- link LHS unit name or symbol ["off"] = "off", -- do not link: same as default except for hand unit ["on"] = "on", -- link all unit names or symbols (but not twice for the same unit) ["out"] = "out", -- link RHS unit name or symbol }, ["order"] = { ["flip"] = "opt_flip", -- reverse order of input/output ["out"] = "opt_order_out", -- do not show input; instead, use order in output combination, with the first output shown as the input }, -- qid=x is handled as a special case: x should be a Wikidata Q item identifier. -- qual=x is handled as a special case: x should be a Wikidata Q item identifier. ["round"] = { ["0.5"] = "opt_round=0.5", -- round output value to nearest 0.5 ["5"] = "opt_round=5", -- round output value to nearest 5 ["10"] = "opt_round=10", -- round output value to nearest 10 (same as but clearer than "|-1") ["25"] = "opt_round=25", -- round output value to nearest 25 ["50"] = "opt_round=50", -- round output value to nearest 50 ["each"] = "opt_round_each", -- using default precision in a range, round each output separately (default uses highest precision of each item in range) }, -- sigfig=x is handled as a special case: x must be an integer (possibly in local language) = 1 or more ["sortable"] = { ["off"] = "", -- ignored (off is the default) ["on"] = "opt_sortable_on", -- output sort key for use in a sortable table, based on value from converting to a standard base unit ["debug"] = "opt_sortable_on, opt_sortable_debug", -- |sortable=debug is the same as |sortable=on|debug=yes }, ["sp"] = { ["us"] = "opt_sp_us", -- use U.S. spelling (like "meter" instead of default "metre") }, ["spell"] = { -- only English spelling is supported; not scientific notation; only some fractions ["in"] = "opt_spell_in", -- spell input value in words ["In"] = "opt_spell_in, opt_spell_upper", -- spell input value in words with first letter uppercase ["on"] = "opt_spell_in, opt_spell_out", -- spell input and output values in words ["On"] = "opt_spell_in, opt_spell_out, opt_spell_upper", -- same, with first letter of first word in result uppercase }, -- stylein=x is handled as a special case: x can be any text -- styleout=x is handled as a special case: x can be any text -- tracking=x is handled as a special case: x can be any text } return { SIprefixes = SIprefixes, all_categories = all_categories, all_messages = all_messages, currency = { ['$'] = true, ['£'] = true, ['€'] = true, ['₱'] = true, ['₽'] = true, ['¥'] = true }, customary_units = customary_units, disp_joins = disp_joins, en_option_name = en_option_name, en_option_value = en_option_value, eng_scales = eng_scales, ranges = ranges, } rexd8cksanmpuhudd1pwfjaj4qk3mwe 0 3786151 7240316 2026-07-05T15:56:54Z Kluntjekniiper 2659379 Created page with "[[File:Oppidum manching osttor.JPG|thumb|As blokbaau rekunstruäärt ooster pôort fan 't [[Wp/frs/Oppidum fan Manching|Oppidum fan Manching]]]] [[File:Eckverband in Rundholz.JPG|thumb|Simpel haukferkammen bii rundholten]] [[File:Schwalbenschwanzverbindung1.JPG|thumb|Fertannen in d' swóólfkesteert-ferband]] '''Blokkbaau''' is 'n holtbaautechnik, däi al siit 't neolitikum bekent is. Dat hannelt sük um 'n massiifbaauwîis, däi f'râal in Europó un Óósien ferbred't..." 7240316 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oppidum manching osttor.JPG|thumb|As blokbaau rekunstruäärt ooster pôort fan 't [[Wp/frs/Oppidum fan Manching|Oppidum fan Manching]]]] [[File:Eckverband in Rundholz.JPG|thumb|Simpel haukferkammen bii rundholten]] [[File:Schwalbenschwanzverbindung1.JPG|thumb|Fertannen in d' swóólfkesteert-ferband]] '''Blokkbaau''' is 'n holtbaautechnik, däi al siit 't neolitikum bekent is. Dat hannelt sük um 'n massiifbaauwîis, däi f'râal in Europó un Óósien ferbred't is un ooverweegend in d' huusbaau (blokhuus) un föör anner fâast baauwaarken inset't word't. D'r tau tellent t.b. befastigensanlóógen, püt- un wóóterbaauwaarken, grünnens- un fundómentbaauwaarken. [[Category:Wp/frs]] im7lhihlrsrk6ehmckujl1nyhcmc23w 7240358 7240316 2026-07-05T16:33:53Z Kluntjekniiper 2659379 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q884694]] 7240358 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oppidum manching osttor.JPG|thumb|As blokbaau rekunstruäärt ooster pôort fan 't [[Wp/frs/Oppidum fan Manching|Oppidum fan Manching]]]] [[File:Eckverband in Rundholz.JPG|thumb|Simpel haukferkammen bii rundholten]] [[File:Schwalbenschwanzverbindung1.JPG|thumb|Fertannen in d' swóólfkesteert-ferband]] '''Blokkbaau''' is 'n holtbaautechnik, däi al siit 't neolitikum bekent is. Dat hannelt sük um 'n massiifbaauwîis, däi f'râal in Europó un Óósien ferbred't is un ooverweegend in d' huusbaau (blokhuus) un föör anner fâast baauwaarken inset't word't. D'r tau tellent t.b. befastigensanlóógen, püt- un wóóterbaauwaarken, grünnens- un fundómentbaauwaarken. [[Category:Wp/frs]] {{INTERWIKI|Q884694}} qmyypd07n0981mxprhgyzu601z1pxwd 7240879 7240358 2026-07-06T10:43:35Z WikiFayo95 2609576 7240879 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Oppidum manching osttor.JPG|thumb|As blokbaau rekunstruäärt ooster pôort fan 't [[Wp/frs/Oppidum fan Manching|Oppidum fan Manching]]]] [[File:Eckverband in Rundholz.JPG|thumb|Simpel haukferkammen bii rundholten]] [[File:Schwalbenschwanzverbindung1.JPG|thumb|Fertannen in d' swóólfkesteert-ferband]] '''Blokkbaau''' is 'n holtbaautechnik, däi al siit 't neolitikum bekent is. Dat hannelt sük um 'n massiifbaauwîis, däi f'râal in Europó un Óósien ferbred't is un ooverweegend in d' huusbaau (blokhuus) un föör anner fâast baauwaarken inset't word't. D'r tau tellent t.b. befastigensanlóógen, püt- un wóóterbaauwaarken, grünnens- un fundómentbaauwaarken. ==Baautechnik== Däi blokmüer, däi in d' reegel up 'n stäinen fundóment of 'n haardholtróómen (fautboomen) uplieğt, undstaajt döör dat upnannerskichten fan liegend holt. Däi läengt fan dat t' beskikken stóónd stamholt bestemt däi gröet't fan dat mäist rechtwinkeliğ of fäärkantiğ baauwaark. Däi holten köönent as rundholt, offlakt of fäärkantiğ flakt holt of sóóğt kantholt (bâalk) ferbaaut weesen. [[Category:Wp/frs]] {{INTERWIKI|Q884694}} hgw93py5mchajkl2m59x2yt4ql93ez7 3 3786152 7240326 2026-07-05T16:05:44Z J ansari 2521989 J ansari moved page [[User talk:塚ちゃん]] to [[User talk:山梨の仙人]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/塚ちゃん|塚ちゃん]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/山梨の仙人|山梨の仙人]]" 7240326 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:山梨の仙人]] eht6izyopulqdr2cgwidvdn9rd8ch20 14 3786153 7240335 2026-07-05T16:12:59Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Created page with "Kumpulan:Kato keterangan bahaso Sasak" 7240335 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:Kato keterangan bahaso Sasak hp5av9sk6xhsbikdsy3lvx2hu90zap5 7240336 7240335 2026-07-05T16:13:32Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Sasak]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240336 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:Kato keterangan bahaso Sasak [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Sasak]] o6yx8q3wv0mrgbhxxmkttkyp1byi9ch 0 3786154 7240338 2026-07-05T16:14:09Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Created page with "=={{Wt/jax/lang|jax}}== [[Category:Wt/jax]]" 7240338 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/jax/lang|jax}}== [[Category:Wt/jax]] jdx047trvdasppk90z0cl1ssdky92cv 7240340 7240338 2026-07-05T16:14:48Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 /* Bahaso Jambi */ 7240340 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/jax/lang|jax}}== {{Wt/jax/head|jax}} {{Wt/jax/-adj-|jax}} # jamak dari [[Wt/jax/pelan|pelan]] [[Category:Wt/jax]] eh3jl20n8obwob8xw12f8jkylj13t8f 10 3786155 7240339 2026-07-05T16:14:28Z Sree1959 2594881 வார்ப்புரு உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7240339 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Wy/ta/Ambox |type = style |text = இந்தக் கட்டுரை நமது '''[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:நடை கையேடு|நடை கையேடு]]'''&nbsp; விதிமுறைகளுக்கு இணங்கவில்லை, அல்லது மேலும் திருத்தங்கள் தேவைப்படுகின்றன. |fix = [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:தயங்காமல் செயல்படுங்கள்!|தயங்காமல் செயல்படுங்கள்!]] {{#if: {{{1|}}} | இந்தப் 'பரிந்துரைக்கப்பட்ட தீர்வுகளை'ப் பயன்படுத்தவும்: {{{1}}} | [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:ஒரு பக்கத்தை எவ்வாறு திருத்துவது|அதை மேம்படுத்த உதவுங்கள்.]]!{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NS:0}}|[[Category:Wy/ta/Articles needing style fixes without suggested fixes]]}} }} }}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NS:0}}|[[Category:Wy/ta/Articles needing style fixes]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Wy/ta/Documentation}}</noinclude> fuu1wdfzz5o8oggr2aj7xgllds02qkd 0 3786156 7240350 2026-07-05T16:21:34Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Created page with "== {{Wt/jax/lang|jax}} == {{Wt/jax/head|jax|num=1}} {{Wt/jax/-n-|jax}} # [[Wt/jax/awan|awan]] dekat samo tanah # asap yang bercampur samo debu {{Wt/jax/head|jax|num=2}} {{Wt/jax/-adj-|jax}} # banyak [[Wt/jax/gawean|gawean]] [[Category:Wt/jax]]" 7240350 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/jax/lang|jax}} == {{Wt/jax/head|jax|num=1}} {{Wt/jax/-n-|jax}} # [[Wt/jax/awan|awan]] dekat samo tanah # asap yang bercampur samo debu {{Wt/jax/head|jax|num=2}} {{Wt/jax/-adj-|jax}} # banyak [[Wt/jax/gawean|gawean]] [[Category:Wt/jax]] ev5dpd0amt6j6s4n18pvykmioc1a3ad 14 3786157 7240351 2026-07-05T16:22:14Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 Created page with "Kumpulan:Istilah penomoran bahaso Jambi" 7240351 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:Istilah penomoran bahaso Jambi 8d7jphcn1hlm655dqes0lxou0vrtgaq 7240352 7240351 2026-07-05T16:22:30Z Muhamad Izzul Fiqih 2584756 added [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Jambi]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7240352 wikitext text/x-wiki Kumpulan:Istilah penomoran bahaso Jambi [[Category:Wt/jax/Bahaso Jambi]] e08lviy5b51h8ww3bc32s4e531b8535 10 3786158 7240368 2026-07-05T16:59:43Z Sree1959 2594881 வார்ப்புரு உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7240368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Documentation subpage}} __NOTOC__ வடிவமைப்பு அல்லது பிற சிக்கல்கள் இருப்பதைக் குறிக்க, இந்த வார்ப்புருவை கட்டுரைகளில் சேர்க்கலாம். இந்தக் குறியீடு கட்டுரையின் அடிப்பகுதியில் சேர்க்கப்பட வேண்டும். கட்டுரையை எவ்வாறு சரிசெய்யலாம் என்பது குறித்த பரிந்துரையைக் கொண்ட ஒற்றை அளவுருவுடன் இந்தக் குறிச்சொல் எப்போதும் அழைக்கப்பட வேண்டும்; அதாவது, எந்தப் பகுதி அல்லது பகுதிகளில் மாற்றங்கள் தேவைப்படுகின்றன என்பது போன்ற தகவல்கள் அதில் இருக்க வேண்டும். உதாரணமாக: :<nowiki>{{Style|"உண்ணுக", "பருகுக" ஆகிய பிரிவுகளில் உள்ள பட்டியல்கள், தரப்படுத்தப்பட்ட [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:பட்டியல்கள்|பட்டியல்]] வார்ப்புருக்களைப் பயன்படுத்தும் வகையில் மாற்றப்பட வேண்டும்.}}</nowiki> ...விளைவு: {{Wy/ta/Style|"உண்ணுக", "பருகுக" ஆகிய பிரிவுகளில் உள்ள பட்டியல்கள், தரப்படுத்தப்பட்ட [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:பட்டியல்கள்|பட்டியல்]] வார்ப்புருக்களைப் பயன்படுத்தும் வகையில் மாற்றப்பட வேண்டும்.}} எந்தவொரு உள்ளீட்டுத் தரவும் இல்லாமல் இக்குறியீட்டைப் பயன்படுத்தினால், கட்டுரையை எவ்வாறு சரிசெய்வது என்பது குறித்த பொதுவான செய்தி மட்டுமே கிடைக்கும்; ஆனால், எந்தக் குறிப்பிட்ட சிக்கலைச் சரிசெய்ய வேண்டும் என்பது தெளிவாகத் தெரியாமல் போகக்கூடும் என்பதால் இம்முறையைத் தவிர்க்க வேண்டும். உள்ளீட்டுத் தரவு ஏதுமின்றி இவார்ப்புருவை அழைத்தால் பின்வருமாறு அமையும்: {{Wy/ta/Style}} இந்த வார்ப்புருவுடன் குறியிடப்பட்ட கட்டுரைகளின் பட்டியலுக்கு, [[:Category:Wy/ta/Articles needing style fixes]] ஐப் பார்க்கவும். [[:Category:Wy/ta/Articles needing style fixes without suggested fixes]] இதில், இந்த வார்ப்புருவுடன் குறியிடப்பட்ட கட்டுரைகளின் பட்டியல் உள்ளது, மேலும் பரிந்துரைக்கப்பட்ட தீர்வு எதுவும் வழங்கப்படவில்லை. <includeonly> <!-- categories --> [[Category:Wy/ta/Maintenance templates]] </includeonly> lephyq4hag7rcdai0865q0z90csuz8b 0 3786159 7240387 2026-07-05T18:13:10Z Gwazali Dominic 2687146 Created page with " Tsivu (Wu uta̱ ta̱ a kucci elentsa̱ tsuna̱sara,þeofð u revu'u wivu) ai ɗa matara ma̱ ili yi zaro na̱ ulanbu wu urevu va̱ za va̱ ili i ko gba wo'o na̱ zava ili i u cha shi adama putsa za na̱ ili yayi. [[Category:Wp/tsw]]" 7240387 wikitext text/x-wiki Tsivu (Wu uta̱ ta̱ a kucci elentsa̱ tsuna̱sara,þeofð u revu'u wivu) ai ɗa matara ma̱ ili yi zaro na̱ ulanbu wu urevu va̱ za va̱ ili i ko gba wo'o na̱ zava ili i u cha shi adama putsa za na̱ ili yayi. [[Category:Wp/tsw]] 5801zel50foqv0b5l5kyvmhbj7gezkv 10 3786160 7240415 2026-07-05T19:13:29Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 创建页面 7240415 wikitext text/x-wiki nikan gisun rfico9gtnnc7d1mhzr0zmf4hvx0kkon 7240416 7240415 2026-07-05T19:16:34Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨ᠋ᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} (nikan gisun) 46lfw734s1ym6ka9rlwkjcjkzh6r3at 7240471 7240416 2026-07-05T21:22:53Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨ᠋ᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} (nikan gisun) [[Category:Wt/mnc/nikan gisun]] 8l1lulfx1xihqtmnlvctoncsiynxh24 7240472 7240471 2026-07-05T21:24:39Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨ᠋ᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} (nikan gisun) <includeonly>[[Category:Wt/mnc/nikan gisun]]</includeonly> 6tefbx5n93u9h7b4q0nntocn9g8ga0a 7240503 7240472 2026-07-05T21:45:11Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠨ᠋ᡳᡴᠠᠨ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} (nikan gisun) <includeonly>[[Category:Wt/mnc]][[Category:Wt/mnc/nikan gisun]]</includeonly> mjvqznaan1h5qydbzqozpyrr2zs91e8 0 3786161 7240417 2026-07-05T19:17:21Z Sekiyen 2692190 Created page with "'''Archilochus''' serengge julge geris i arahasi kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]]" 7240417 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Archilochus''' serengge julge geris i arahasi kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] c6vt6kfxy5tjognr90h2z0iec8qxlwz 7240418 7240417 2026-07-05T19:17:59Z Sekiyen 2692190 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q776502]] 7240418 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Archilochus''' serengge julge geris i arahasi kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q776502}} 1cffy8cfzeesaxmbuj6pvslk1xcnetg 7240420 7240418 2026-07-05T19:19:16Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7240420 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Archilochus 01 pushkin.jpg|thumb|Archilochos]] '''Archilochus''' (jilgan : arkilokos) serengge julge geris i arahasi kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q776502}} jc2ftrnhi7v2u57r6gb9qkbrxmynckz 7240421 7240420 2026-07-05T19:19:29Z Sekiyen 2692190 /* */ 7240421 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Archilochus 01 pushkin.jpg|thumb|Archilochos]] '''Archilochus''' (jilgan : arkilokus) serengge julge geris i arahasi kai. [[Category:Wp/mnc]] {{INTERWIKI|Q776502}} 73nhdb4y9l0v5v6p5693l90u3kvvxc9 10 3786162 7240419 2026-07-05T19:19:13Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ᠴᠠᡤᠠᠨ}} (aisilara bithe cagan)" 7240419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠯᠠᡵᠠ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ᠴᠠᡤᠠᠨ}} (aisilara bithe cagan) oaqll5y9p2b6vwizq0nr44rem9pqq4l 0 3786163 7240422 2026-07-05T19:20:02Z Gwazali Dominic 2687146 /* */ 7240422 wikitext text/x-wiki Amad Diallo (A matsain ta̱ O rana Kupa na̱ zata̱ 11 o Woto wo Cindere a'wan 2002), a mantsa mo ro a̱ tsa̱ la'a ta̱ ɗe yi na̱ ala ta̱ nda Amad, ayi za ma̱ la̱tsa̱ ma uro va̱ a̱ɓa̱ɓa̱ na̱ nge'en va̱ eɓele ko gba e memere ɗa iɗa ya̱ Ivory Coast ɗa oɓolo na̱ Manchester United. {{Wp/tsw/Databox|item=Q72603655}} e0qocqdfwt0hbicnkvacdn44gqzl12t 7240425 7240422 2026-07-05T20:02:37Z Gwazali Dominic 2687146 /* */ 7240425 wikitext text/x-wiki Amad Diallo (A matsain ta̱ O rana Kupa na̱ zata̱ 11 o Woto wo Cindere a'wan 2002), a mantsa mo ro a̱ tsa̱ la'a ta̱ ɗe yi na̱ ala ta̱ nda Amad, ayi za ma̱ la̱tsa̱ ma uro va̱ a̱ɓa̱ɓa̱ na̱ nge'en va̱ eɓele ko gba e memere ɗa iɗa ya̱ Ivory Coast ɗa oɓolo na̱ Manchester United. {{Wp/tsw/Databox|item=Q72603655}} A matsain ta̱ iɗa ya̱ Ivory Coast, Amad u yuwan ta̱ mmalu atyo e iɗa ya̱ Italy ayi a̱ mawun. Reve u oɓolo aci na̱ Olopu Olobo na̱ ri a̱ iɗa ya̱ Atalanta a'wan 2015, u ba̱ta̱ u na̱ u lyuwai ejere Campionato Primavera 1. A̱ tsuma̱ a'wan 2019, u lywa ta̱ uro o rana wu nya na̱ u la̱tsa̱ yi iɗa ya̱ yi na̱ ufaru. A̱tsuma̱ a'wan 2021 o woto va̱ ufaru, Amad reme ta̱ a̱ la̱tsa̱ sa Manchester United, reve u tsa̱ra̱ wi isawa̱ u yuwan ro na̱ la'ai Kuppa Kuppa na̱ kucci 90 u shi ta̱ o ro va̱ tanta na̱ Rangers oɓolo na̱ Sunderland. Amad fara ta̱ la̱tsa̱ iɗa ya̱ yi Ivory Coast a̱ɓa̱ɓa̱ a̱tsuma̱ woto wa̱ ta'atsu a'wan 2021, amantsa ma ma̱ la̱tsa̱ ma̱ oro kohi va̱ iɗa ya̱ Afirika. Wi i sawan ta̱ iɗa ya̱ yi waru ma̱ la̱tsa̱ ma̱ oro kohi va̱ iɗa ya̱ Afirika a'wan 2025 na̱ uro kohi va̱ u duniya suru FIFA. e126qst7vaoz0ag91rpbi8gvmr7amz6 10 3786164 7240423 2026-07-05T19:20:05Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡤᡝᠪᡠᠩᡤᡝ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ}} (gebungge hergen)" 7240423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡤᡝᠪᡠᠩᡤᡝ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ}} (gebungge hergen) mu7ns2wdo78hmhy1x19ad6ea7hh6jyh 0 3786165 7240430 2026-07-05T20:30:00Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{-zh}}== ==={{-noun-}}=== # [[be]]" 7240430 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{-zh}}== ==={{-noun-}}=== # [[be]] ryljhsfgdezf9tngerztmg7vv2fnhy6 7240432 7240430 2026-07-05T20:31:11Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240432 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/be|be]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] lmcr6dn97851ru729nbpydzsz81ckfl 0 3786166 7240431 2026-07-05T20:30:35Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{-zh}}== ==={{-noun-}}=== # [[be]]" 7240431 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{-zh}}== ==={{-noun-}}=== # [[be]] ryljhsfgdezf9tngerztmg7vv2fnhy6 7240440 7240431 2026-07-05T20:35:49Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240440 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=鱼饵}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/be|be]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] t88o1qrfd5ow8qpji7t75tr1rpxa7f4 7240560 7240440 2026-07-05T22:41:15Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 /* {{Wt/mnc/-noun-}} */ 7240560 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=鱼饵}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/beten|beten]]; nimaha welmiyeme butara [[Wt/mnc/beten|beten]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] 50hbm2021bious6bgekag75opnpk16a 0 3786167 7240433 2026-07-05T20:33:31Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=经书}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/bithe|bithe]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240433 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=经书}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/bithe|bithe]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] ly0jw9jv88qbz6p6aj5wbj61kus71nt 10 3786168 7240434 2026-07-05T20:33:47Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/mnc/zh-forms|make}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}} </noinclude>" 7240434 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/mnc/zh-forms|make}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}} </noinclude> nuzq29jn7q9mr1z6zncg1g7h1oe76tb 0 3786169 7240435 2026-07-05T20:33:53Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=文章}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/bithe|bithe]]; [[Wt/mnc/šu|šu]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240435 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=文章}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/bithe|bithe]]; [[Wt/mnc/šu|šu]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] pflkuj3dei0qdi6z49y2yc2elc6q13r 0 3786170 7240436 2026-07-05T20:34:11Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=文字}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/bithe|bithe]]; [[Wt/mnc/šu|šu]] # [[Wt/mnc/hergen|hergen]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240436 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=文字}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/bithe|bithe]]; [[Wt/mnc/šu|šu]] # [[Wt/mnc/hergen|hergen]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] covtgeaqsoqvqy0ynnxosgdrw8ieohr 828 3786171 7240437 2026-07-05T20:34:26Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local links = require("Module:links") local lang = require("Module:languages") local m_data = require("Module:zh-forms/data") local m_scripts = require("Module:scripts") local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local concat = table.concat local explode = m_str_utils.explode_utf8 local find = m_str_utils.find local get_section = require("Module:pages").get_section local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local insert = table.insert local len = m_str_..." 7240437 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local links = require("Module:links") local lang = require("Module:languages") local m_data = require("Module:zh-forms/data") local m_scripts = require("Module:scripts") local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local concat = table.concat local explode = m_str_utils.explode_utf8 local find = m_str_utils.find local get_section = require("Module:pages").get_section local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local insert = table.insert local len = m_str_utils.len local match = m_str_utils.match local new_title = mw.title.new local sub = m_str_utils.sub local u = m_str_utils.char local Hani_chars = m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters() local nonbreaking_hyphen = u(0x2011) local sc = { ["trad"] = "Hant", ["simp"] = "Hans", ["both"] = "Hani", } -- Change one variant character to another variant character. -- Currently, only do so once. Return false if there is more than one character to change, or if there is no change. function export.change_to_variant(text) local count = 0 local text = gsub(text, ('([%s])'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both), function(char) count = count + 1 if (count > 1) then return '' end -- add |t2= manually, please local this_char_index = find(m_data.chars_variant_both, char) local first_or_second = (this_char_index % 2) local other_char_index = this_char_index + (first_or_second == 1 and 1 or -1) return sub(m_data.chars_variant_both, other_char_index, other_char_index) end) return (count == 1 and text or '') end local zh_link_impl = nil local function zh_link(...) if zh_link_impl == nil then zh_link_impl = require("Module:zh/link") end return zh_link_impl.link(...) end function export.make(frame) local params = { [1] = { list = true, allow_holes = true, allow_empty = true }, ["s"] = { list = true }, ["t"] = { list = true }, ["ss"] = {}, ["ns"] = {}, ["alt"] = {}, ["type"] = {}, ["delink"] = {}, ["lit"] = {}, ["note"] = {}, ["gloss"] = {}, ["align"] = {} } local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local comp_type = args["type"] local s, t = {}, {} local annotation = {} local pagename = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local content = current_title:getContent() if not frame:getParent().args["t"] then insert(t, 1, current_title.subpageText) end for i = 1, #args.s do if (#args.s == 1) and pagename == args.s[i] then error('Redundant text in |s=.') end insert(s, args.s[i]) end for i = 1, #args.t do if (#args.t == 1) and pagename == args.t[i] then error('Redundant text in |t=.') end insert(t, args.t[i]) end local t1 = t[1] local t1_len = len(t1) -- temp tracking if #s == 0 and require("Module:zh").ts(t1) ~= t1 then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a simplified form') end if #t == 1 then local to_variant = export.change_to_variant(t1) if (to_variant ~= '') then -- automatically generate a |t2= insert(t, export.change_to_variant(t1)) elseif find(t1, ('[%s]'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both .. m_data.chars_variant_one)) then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a variant form') end end s.name = "simp" t.name = "trad" if #t ~= 1 and #s == 0 then insert(s, t1) end local function asterisk(term, iscomp) if iscomp and t1_len > 1 then return "" end if term == current_title.subpageText or not (new_title(term) or {}).exists then return "" end local content = new_title(term):getContent() content = gsub(content, "zh%-pron", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "zh%-see", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "[^Ꙁ]", "") return len(content) > 1 and '^{<span class="explain" title="This form has one or more other meanings.">*</span>}' or '' end local function var_fmt(length, color) return '\n|-\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background: ' .. (color or 'var(--wikt-palette-cyan, #eaffff)') .. ';color:inherit;font-weight: normal;font-size: smaller;" colspan="2" |' end local function char_gap(length, script, last) return '\n| style="min-width:2em;padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em; background-color:var(--wikt-palette-white, #ffffff);color:inherit;' .. (last and 'border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);border' .. (length ~= 1 and '-bottom' or '') .. ': 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ' or 'border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ') .. 'font-size:x-large" lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '" | ' end local function header(length, var_count) return ((length > 3 or var_count * length > 5 or args.align == 'left') and '{|' or '{| class="floatright"') .. ' style="clear: right;margin: 1em 0 1em 1em;border-collapse: collapse;text-align: center"' .. (length ~= 1 and '\n|-\n! colspan=2|' or '') end local function gloss_fmt(word, colspan, length) return '\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0);color:inherit;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;width:min-content;" colspan=' .. (colspan or 1) ..'|' end local function form_fmt(text, length, script) local fmtd_text = {} for i,value in ipairs(text) do fmtd_text[i] = links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = value } .. asterisk(value, false) end return length ~= 1 and ((length > 8 and '' or '<span style="font-size:140%">') .. '(<span lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '">' .. concat(fmtd_text, "/") .. '</span>)' .. (length > 8 and '' or '</span>')) or '' end local function char_fmt(text, length, script) return (#text ~= 1 and (char_gap(length, script) .. concat(text, char_gap(length, script), 1, #text-1)) or '') .. char_gap(length, script, true) .. text[#text] end local word_division = {} local i = 1 local decomposable if comp_type then for index in mw.text.gsplit(comp_type, "", true) do if find(sub(t1, i, i), '[，%-]') then insert(word_division, { i, i } ) i = i + 1 elseif sub(t1, i, i) == '…' then insert(word_division, { i, i + 1 } ) i = i + 2 end insert(word_division, { i, i + index - 1 } ) i = i + index end if i - 1 ~= len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) and not find(concat(t) .. concat(s), "[⿰⿱⿲⿳⿴⿵⿶⿷⿸⿹⿺⿻]") then error("'type' parameter does not match word length.") end else for i = 1, t1_len do insert(word_division, { i, i } ) end decomposable = len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) > 2 and true or false end local delink = {} if args["delink"] then if args["delink"] == "y" then for del_index, _ in ipairs(word_division) do delink[del_index] = "yes" end else for position in mw.text.gsplit(args["delink"], ",") do delink[tonumber(position)] = "yes" end end end local char_set = { ['simp'] = {}, ['trad'] = {} } local identity = #s == 0 and {t} or {s,t} local uncreated = {} for _, id in ipairs(identity) do for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local char_string = "" for j = 1, #id do local word_form = sub(id[j], position[1], position[2]) if not find(char_string, word_form) then char_string = (char_string ~= "" and (char_string .. '/') or "") .. word_form end end if not find(char_string, '[，%-]') then local hash = {} for thing in mw.text.gsplit(char_string, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) do insert(hash, links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = thing } .. asterisk(thing, true)) end char_string = concat(hash, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) end insert(char_set[id.name], char_string) end for _, item in ipairs(id) do if not (new_title(item) or {}).exists and item ~= current_title.subpageText then insert(uncreated, '"[[' .. item .. ']]"') end end end local scripts = { [m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters()] = "Hani" , [m_scripts.getByCode("Latn"):getCharacters()] = "Latn", ["0-9０-９"] = "Numb", [m_scripts.getByCode("Polyt"):getCharacters()] = "Grek", [m_scripts.getByCode("Bopo"):getCharacters()] = "Bopo" } local script = {} for range, script_name in pairs(scripts) do if find(t1, '[' .. range .. ']') then insert(script, script_name) end end if find(t1, "([^─…]+)%1") and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and t1_len < 7 then if gsub(comp_type or "", "1", "") == "" then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') elseif find(t1, "([^…][^…]+)%1") or find(concat(char_set['trad'], " "), "([^─…%[%]a-z]+)%1") then local evil for _, component in ipairs(char_set['trad']) do if len(component) > 1 then local comp_content = new_title(links.remove_links(component)):getContent() or false if not comp_content or find(comp_content, "|gloss=-") or not find(comp_content, "==Chinese==") then evil = true end end end if not evil then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') end end end insert(annotation, #script > 1 and '[[Category:Chinese terms written in multiple scripts]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (decomposable and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and not args['note'] and not args['lit']) and '[[Category:Chinese entries with potentially decomposable titles]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (#uncreated > 0 and current_title.nsText == "") and '[[Category:Chinese terms with uncreated forms]]' .. '<small class="attentionseeking">(' .. (#uncreated == 1 and 'This form' or 'These forms') .. ' in the hanzi box ' .. (#uncreated == 1 and 'does' or 'do') .. ' not have a page created for ' .. (#uncreated == 1 and 'it' or 'them') .. ' yet: ' .. concat(uncreated, ", ") .. '.)</small>' or nil) local ss = "" if args["ss"] then ss = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. '[[w:Second round of simplified Chinese characters|2nd round simp.]]' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ss"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local ns = "" if args["ns"] then ns = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. 'nonstandard simp.' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ns"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local altforms = "" if args["alt"] then local altform_list = {} for altform in mw.text.gsplit(args["alt"], ",") do local altdecomp = mw.text.split(altform, ":") local altdecomp2 = mw.text.split(altdecomp[1], "-") local altdecomp3 = altdecomp2[2] and ' <span style="font-size:80%"><i>' .. altdecomp2[2] .. '</i></span>' or '' insert(altform_list, '<span style="white-space:nowrap;">' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { altdecomp2[1], tr = (altdecomp[2] or "-") }, current_title.subpageText) .. altdecomp3 .. '</span>') end if #altform_list > 5 then altforms = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="Chinese alternative forms">' .. '<div class="vsShow">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>", 1, 5) .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>") .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' else altforms = concat(altform_list, "<br>") end altforms = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. 'alternative forms' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. altforms end local anagrams = "" if t1_len >= 2 and t1_len <= 5 then local function generate_anagrams(term, n, anagrams, checked) if n == 0 then local anagram = concat(term) if checked[anagram] then return end local title = new_title(anagram) if not title then return end title = title:getContent() if title and get_section(title, "Chinese", 2) then insert(anagrams, anagram) end checked[anagram] = true else for i = 1, n do generate_anagrams(term, n - 1, anagrams, checked) local i = n % 2 == 0 and i or 1 term[i], term[n] = term[n], term[i] end end return anagrams end local term, checked = explode(t1), {[t1] = true} anagrams = generate_anagrams(term, #term, {}, checked) local anagrams_num = #anagrams for i = 1, anagrams_num do anagrams[i] = "<span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. zh_link(nil, nil, {anagrams[i], tr = "-"}, current_title.subpageText) .. "</span>" end if anagrams_num == 0 then anagrams = "" else anagrams = concat(anagrams, "<br>") local label = anagrams_num == 1 and "anagram" or "anagrams" anagrams = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. label .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. anagrams end end local literal = (args["lit"] or args["note"]) and '\n|-' .. gloss_fmt(t1_len, #word_division + 2, t1_len) .. (args["lit"] and '<i>Literally:</i> “' .. args["lit"] .. (find(args["lit"], "%.$") and "”" or "”.") or args["note"]) or "" local gloss = {} if args['gloss'] == '-' then gloss = { gloss_fmt(t1_len * 1.6, #word_division, t1_len) .. '<i>phonetic</i>' } elseif t1_len == 1 then gloss = {}--{ gloss_fmt(1.6, #word_division) .. '-' } else for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local character = sub(t1, position[1], position[2]) local gloss_text = args[1][i] -- Load glosses module if no gloss was supplied and the word is a single character. if not gloss_text and position[1] == position[2] then local glosses = mw.loadData("Module:zh/data/glosses") gloss_text = glosses.glosses[character] or "" gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "{{taxlink|([^{}]+)}}", function (taxlink_text) local taxlink_args, argi = {}, 1 for arg in mw.text.gsplit(taxlink_text, "|") do local arg_split = mw.text.split(arg, "=") if arg_split[2] then taxlink_args[arg_split[1]] = arg_split[2] else taxlink_args[argi] = (arg ~= "" and arg or nil) argi = argi + 1 end end local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'taxlink', args = taxlink_args } end) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") and not find(glosses.nonlemma, character) then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found for Chinese character') end end if gloss_text == "-" then gloss_text = "''phonetic''" end if not gloss_text then gloss_text = "" end --[[ To ensure that suffixes are not broken up between lines, like this: - ist ]] if find(gloss_text, "-", nil, true) then gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "^%-", nonbreaking_hyphen) gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "(%s)%-", "%1" .. nonbreaking_hyphen) end if gloss_text == "" and position[2] > position[1] then local content = new_title(character):getContent() or false if content then gloss_text = require("Module:zh/extract").extract_gloss(content, false) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found but entry exists') end --[[ if not string.match(content, character) then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/compounds not mentioned in derived terms on the component pages') end ]]-- else if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese redlinks/zh-forms]]') end end end gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]+;", ";") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]*$", "") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";+", ";") if len(gsub(gloss_text, '[^;]', '')) > 2 then gloss_text = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="glosses"><div class="vsShow">' .. match(gloss_text, '^[^;]+;[^;]+;[^;]+') .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. gloss_text .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' end local word_length = match(character, '[，…%-]') and 0 or (delink[i] and len(character) or len(character) * (len(gsub(char_set['trad'][i], '[^/]', '')) + 1)) insert(gloss, gloss_fmt(word_length, 1, t1_len) .. gloss_text) end end if content then --[[ local applicable_pos = { ["Noun"] = 1, ["Verb"] = 1, ["Adjective"] = 1, ["Adverb"] = 1, ["Definitions"] = 1, ["Pronunciation"] = 1 } local previous_level = 2 local subheading_wanted ]]-- --[=[ -- Used under headers for Chinese varieties, for instance in [[āu-piah]] local Chinese_section = string.match(content, "\n==Chinese==\n(.-)\n==[^=]") if not Chinese_section then error("No Chinese section found.") end --]=] if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Definitions===") then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/no definitions section found') end --[[ disable, {{zh-der}} has been deprecated so this expression will always be false if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Compounds===") and string.match(content, "zh-der") then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/derived terms probably needing renaming') end ]]-- --[[ comment out relatively expensive parsing for equals, heading_text in string.gmatch(content, "\n(%=%=+)([^%=]+)%=%=+") do local current_level = #equals if subheading_wanted and current_level ~= previous_level + 1 then if applicable_pos[heading_text] then error("The heading \"===Etymology ''n''===\" or \"===Pronunciation ''n''===\" must be followed by a subheading one level lower.") end end previous_level = current_level subheading_wanted = string.find(heading_text, " [0-9]+") and true or false end ]]-- end local simp_note = "" --This is not a complete list! if #identity == 1 and find(m_data.chars_unified, '[' .. t1 .. ']') then simp_note = '^{<span class="explain" title="Using the same code point' .. (t1_len > 1 and 's' or '') .. ' as the traditional form due to Han unification. Without proper font support, it may be displayed as the same as the traditional form.">#</span>}' char_set['simp'] = char_set['trad'] end return concat{ header(t1_len, math.max(#t, #s)), concat(gloss, ""), ((#identity == 1 and simp_note == '') and (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Simplified Chinese|simp.]] and [[Traditional Chinese|trad.]]<br>' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'both') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'both')) or var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Traditional Chinese|trad.]] ' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'trad') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'trad') .. (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Simplified Chinese|simp.]] ' .. simp_note .. form_fmt(#s == 0 and t or s, t1_len, 'simp') .. char_fmt(char_set['simp'], t1_len, 'simp')) ), ss, ns, altforms, anagrams, literal, '\n|}', concat(annotation) } end return export mevat2vqs2t6htunx9q9kfj6mp9lu3j 7240439 7240437 2026-07-05T20:35:43Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240439 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local links = require("Module:Wt/mnc/links") local lang = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages") local m_data = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh-forms/data") local m_scripts = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts") local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local concat = table.concat local explode = m_str_utils.explode_utf8 local find = m_str_utils.find local get_section = require("Module:pages").get_section local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local insert = table.insert local len = m_str_utils.len local match = m_str_utils.match local new_title = mw.title.new local sub = m_str_utils.sub local u = m_str_utils.char local Hani_chars = m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters() local nonbreaking_hyphen = u(0x2011) local sc = { ["trad"] = "Hant", ["simp"] = "Hans", ["both"] = "Hani", } -- Change one variant character to another variant character. -- Currently, only do so once. Return false if there is more than one character to change, or if there is no change. function export.change_to_variant(text) local count = 0 local text = gsub(text, ('([%s])'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both), function(char) count = count + 1 if (count > 1) then return '' end -- add |t2= manually, please local this_char_index = find(m_data.chars_variant_both, char) local first_or_second = (this_char_index % 2) local other_char_index = this_char_index + (first_or_second == 1 and 1 or -1) return sub(m_data.chars_variant_both, other_char_index, other_char_index) end) return (count == 1 and text or '') end local zh_link_impl = nil local function zh_link(...) if zh_link_impl == nil then zh_link_impl = require("Module:zh/link") end return zh_link_impl.link(...) end function export.make(frame) local params = { [1] = { list = true, allow_holes = true, allow_empty = true }, ["s"] = { list = true }, ["t"] = { list = true }, ["ss"] = {}, ["ns"] = {}, ["alt"] = {}, ["type"] = {}, ["delink"] = {}, ["lit"] = {}, ["note"] = {}, ["gloss"] = {}, ["align"] = {} } local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local comp_type = args["type"] local s, t = {}, {} local annotation = {} local pagename = mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local content = current_title:getContent() if not frame:getParent().args["t"] then insert(t, 1, current_title.subpageText) end for i = 1, #args.s do if (#args.s == 1) and pagename == args.s[i] then error('Redundant text in |s=.') end insert(s, args.s[i]) end for i = 1, #args.t do if (#args.t == 1) and pagename == args.t[i] then error('Redundant text in |t=.') end insert(t, args.t[i]) end local t1 = t[1] local t1_len = len(t1) -- temp tracking if #s == 0 and require("Module:zh").ts(t1) ~= t1 then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a simplified form') end if #t == 1 then local to_variant = export.change_to_variant(t1) if (to_variant ~= '') then -- automatically generate a |t2= insert(t, export.change_to_variant(t1)) elseif find(t1, ('[%s]'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both .. m_data.chars_variant_one)) then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a variant form') end end s.name = "simp" t.name = "trad" if #t ~= 1 and #s == 0 then insert(s, t1) end local function asterisk(term, iscomp) if iscomp and t1_len > 1 then return "" end if term == current_title.subpageText or not (new_title(term) or {}).exists then return "" end local content = new_title(term):getContent() content = gsub(content, "zh%-pron", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "zh%-see", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "[^Ꙁ]", "") return len(content) > 1 and '^{<span class="explain" title="This form has one or more other meanings.">*</span>}' or '' end local function var_fmt(length, color) return '\n|-\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background: ' .. (color or 'var(--wikt-palette-cyan, #eaffff)') .. ';color:inherit;font-weight: normal;font-size: smaller;" colspan="2" |' end local function char_gap(length, script, last) return '\n| style="min-width:2em;padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em; background-color:var(--wikt-palette-white, #ffffff);color:inherit;' .. (last and 'border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);border' .. (length ~= 1 and '-bottom' or '') .. ': 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ' or 'border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ') .. 'font-size:x-large" lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '" | ' end local function header(length, var_count) return ((length > 3 or var_count * length > 5 or args.align == 'left') and '{|' or '{| class="floatright"') .. ' style="clear: right;margin: 1em 0 1em 1em;border-collapse: collapse;text-align: center"' .. (length ~= 1 and '\n|-\n! colspan=2|' or '') end local function gloss_fmt(word, colspan, length) return '\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0);color:inherit;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;width:min-content;" colspan=' .. (colspan or 1) ..'|' end local function form_fmt(text, length, script) local fmtd_text = {} for i,value in ipairs(text) do fmtd_text[i] = links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = value } .. asterisk(value, false) end return length ~= 1 and ((length > 8 and '' or '<span style="font-size:140%">') .. '(<span lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '">' .. concat(fmtd_text, "/") .. '</span>)' .. (length > 8 and '' or '</span>')) or '' end local function char_fmt(text, length, script) return (#text ~= 1 and (char_gap(length, script) .. concat(text, char_gap(length, script), 1, #text-1)) or '') .. char_gap(length, script, true) .. text[#text] end local word_division = {} local i = 1 local decomposable if comp_type then for index in mw.text.gsplit(comp_type, "", true) do if find(sub(t1, i, i), '[，%-]') then insert(word_division, { i, i } ) i = i + 1 elseif sub(t1, i, i) == '…' then insert(word_division, { i, i + 1 } ) i = i + 2 end insert(word_division, { i, i + index - 1 } ) i = i + index end if i - 1 ~= len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) and not find(concat(t) .. concat(s), "[⿰⿱⿲⿳⿴⿵⿶⿷⿸⿹⿺⿻]") then error("'type' parameter does not match word length.") end else for i = 1, t1_len do insert(word_division, { i, i } ) end decomposable = len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) > 2 and true or false end local delink = {} if args["delink"] then if args["delink"] == "y" then for del_index, _ in ipairs(word_division) do delink[del_index] = "yes" end else for position in mw.text.gsplit(args["delink"], ",") do delink[tonumber(position)] = "yes" end end end local char_set = { ['simp'] = {}, ['trad'] = {} } local identity = #s == 0 and {t} or {s,t} local uncreated = {} for _, id in ipairs(identity) do for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local char_string = "" for j = 1, #id do local word_form = sub(id[j], position[1], position[2]) if not find(char_string, word_form) then char_string = (char_string ~= "" and (char_string .. '/') or "") .. word_form end end if not find(char_string, '[，%-]') then local hash = {} for thing in mw.text.gsplit(char_string, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) do insert(hash, links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = thing } .. asterisk(thing, true)) end char_string = concat(hash, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) end insert(char_set[id.name], char_string) end for _, item in ipairs(id) do if not (new_title(item) or {}).exists and item ~= current_title.subpageText then insert(uncreated, '"[[' .. item .. ']]"') end end end local scripts = { [m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters()] = "Hani" , [m_scripts.getByCode("Latn"):getCharacters()] = "Latn", ["0-9０-９"] = "Numb", [m_scripts.getByCode("Polyt"):getCharacters()] = "Grek", [m_scripts.getByCode("Bopo"):getCharacters()] = "Bopo" } local script = {} for range, script_name in pairs(scripts) do if find(t1, '[' .. range .. ']') then insert(script, script_name) end end if find(t1, "([^─…]+)%1") and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and t1_len < 7 then if gsub(comp_type or "", "1", "") == "" then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') elseif find(t1, "([^…][^…]+)%1") or find(concat(char_set['trad'], " "), "([^─…%[%]a-z]+)%1") then local evil for _, component in ipairs(char_set['trad']) do if len(component) > 1 then local comp_content = new_title(links.remove_links(component)):getContent() or false if not comp_content or find(comp_content, "|gloss=-") or not find(comp_content, "==Chinese==") then evil = true end end end if not evil then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') end end end insert(annotation, #script > 1 and '[[Category:Chinese terms written in multiple scripts]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (decomposable and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and not args['note'] and not args['lit']) and '[[Category:Chinese entries with potentially decomposable titles]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (#uncreated > 0 and current_title.nsText == "") and '[[Category:Chinese terms with uncreated forms]]' .. '<small class="attentionseeking">(' .. (#uncreated == 1 and 'This form' or 'These forms') .. ' in the hanzi box ' .. (#uncreated == 1 and 'does' or 'do') .. ' not have a page created for ' .. (#uncreated == 1 and 'it' or 'them') .. ' yet: ' .. concat(uncreated, ", ") .. '.)</small>' or nil) local ss = "" if args["ss"] then ss = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. '[[w:Second round of simplified Chinese characters|2nd round simp.]]' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ss"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local ns = "" if args["ns"] then ns = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. 'nonstandard simp.' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ns"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local altforms = "" if args["alt"] then local altform_list = {} for altform in mw.text.gsplit(args["alt"], ",") do local altdecomp = mw.text.split(altform, ":") local altdecomp2 = mw.text.split(altdecomp[1], "-") local altdecomp3 = altdecomp2[2] and ' <span style="font-size:80%"><i>' .. altdecomp2[2] .. '</i></span>' or '' insert(altform_list, '<span style="white-space:nowrap;">' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { altdecomp2[1], tr = (altdecomp[2] or "-") }, current_title.subpageText) .. altdecomp3 .. '</span>') end if #altform_list > 5 then altforms = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="Chinese alternative forms">' .. '<div class="vsShow">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>", 1, 5) .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>") .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' else altforms = concat(altform_list, "<br>") end altforms = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. 'alternative forms' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. altforms end local anagrams = "" if t1_len >= 2 and t1_len <= 5 then local function generate_anagrams(term, n, anagrams, checked) if n == 0 then local anagram = concat(term) if checked[anagram] then return end local title = new_title(anagram) if not title then return end title = title:getContent() if title and get_section(title, "Chinese", 2) then insert(anagrams, anagram) end checked[anagram] = true else for i = 1, n do generate_anagrams(term, n - 1, anagrams, checked) local i = n % 2 == 0 and i or 1 term[i], term[n] = term[n], term[i] end end return anagrams end local term, checked = explode(t1), {[t1] = true} anagrams = generate_anagrams(term, #term, {}, checked) local anagrams_num = #anagrams for i = 1, anagrams_num do anagrams[i] = "<span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. zh_link(nil, nil, {anagrams[i], tr = "-"}, current_title.subpageText) .. "</span>" end if anagrams_num == 0 then anagrams = "" else anagrams = concat(anagrams, "<br>") local label = anagrams_num == 1 and "anagram" or "anagrams" anagrams = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. label .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. anagrams end end local literal = (args["lit"] or args["note"]) and '\n|-' .. gloss_fmt(t1_len, #word_division + 2, t1_len) .. (args["lit"] and '<i>Literally:</i> “' .. args["lit"] .. (find(args["lit"], "%.$") and "”" or "”.") or args["note"]) or "" local gloss = {} if args['gloss'] == '-' then gloss = { gloss_fmt(t1_len * 1.6, #word_division, t1_len) .. '<i>phonetic</i>' } elseif t1_len == 1 then gloss = {}--{ gloss_fmt(1.6, #word_division) .. '-' } else for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local character = sub(t1, position[1], position[2]) local gloss_text = args[1][i] -- Load glosses module if no gloss was supplied and the word is a single character. if not gloss_text and position[1] == position[2] then local glosses = mw.loadData("Module:zh/data/glosses") gloss_text = glosses.glosses[character] or "" gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "{{taxlink|([^{}]+)}}", function (taxlink_text) local taxlink_args, argi = {}, 1 for arg in mw.text.gsplit(taxlink_text, "|") do local arg_split = mw.text.split(arg, "=") if arg_split[2] then taxlink_args[arg_split[1]] = arg_split[2] else taxlink_args[argi] = (arg ~= "" and arg or nil) argi = argi + 1 end end local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'taxlink', args = taxlink_args } end) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") and not find(glosses.nonlemma, character) then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found for Chinese character') end end if gloss_text == "-" then gloss_text = "''phonetic''" end if not gloss_text then gloss_text = "" end --[[ To ensure that suffixes are not broken up between lines, like this: - ist ]] if find(gloss_text, "-", nil, true) then gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "^%-", nonbreaking_hyphen) gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "(%s)%-", "%1" .. nonbreaking_hyphen) end if gloss_text == "" and position[2] > position[1] then local content = new_title(character):getContent() or false if content then gloss_text = require("Module:zh/extract").extract_gloss(content, false) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found but entry exists') end --[[ if not string.match(content, character) then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/compounds not mentioned in derived terms on the component pages') end ]]-- else if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese redlinks/zh-forms]]') end end end gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]+;", ";") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]*$", "") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";+", ";") if len(gsub(gloss_text, '[^;]', '')) > 2 then gloss_text = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="glosses"><div class="vsShow">' .. match(gloss_text, '^[^;]+;[^;]+;[^;]+') .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. gloss_text .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' end local word_length = match(character, '[，…%-]') and 0 or (delink[i] and len(character) or len(character) * (len(gsub(char_set['trad'][i], '[^/]', '')) + 1)) insert(gloss, gloss_fmt(word_length, 1, t1_len) .. gloss_text) end end if content then --[[ local applicable_pos = { ["Noun"] = 1, ["Verb"] = 1, ["Adjective"] = 1, ["Adverb"] = 1, ["Definitions"] = 1, ["Pronunciation"] = 1 } local previous_level = 2 local subheading_wanted ]]-- --[=[ -- Used under headers for Chinese varieties, for instance in [[āu-piah]] local Chinese_section = string.match(content, "\n==Chinese==\n(.-)\n==[^=]") if not Chinese_section then error("No Chinese section found.") end --]=] if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Definitions===") then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/no definitions section found') end --[[ disable, {{zh-der}} has been deprecated so this expression will always be false if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Compounds===") and string.match(content, "zh-der") then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/derived terms probably needing renaming') end ]]-- --[[ comment out relatively expensive parsing for equals, heading_text in string.gmatch(content, "\n(%=%=+)([^%=]+)%=%=+") do local current_level = #equals if subheading_wanted and current_level ~= previous_level + 1 then if applicable_pos[heading_text] then error("The heading \"===Etymology ''n''===\" or \"===Pronunciation ''n''===\" must be followed by a subheading one level lower.") end end previous_level = current_level subheading_wanted = string.find(heading_text, " [0-9]+") and true or false end ]]-- end local simp_note = "" --This is not a complete list! if #identity == 1 and find(m_data.chars_unified, '[' .. t1 .. ']') then simp_note = '^{<span class="explain" title="Using the same code point' .. (t1_len > 1 and 's' or '') .. ' as the traditional form due to Han unification. Without proper font support, it may be displayed as the same as the traditional form.">#</span>}' char_set['simp'] = char_set['trad'] end return concat{ header(t1_len, math.max(#t, #s)), concat(gloss, ""), ((#identity == 1 and simp_note == '') and (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Simplified Chinese|simp.]] and [[Traditional Chinese|trad.]]<br>' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'both') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'both')) or var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Traditional Chinese|trad.]] ' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'trad') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'trad') .. (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Simplified Chinese|simp.]] ' .. simp_note .. form_fmt(#s == 0 and t or s, t1_len, 'simp') .. char_fmt(char_set['simp'], t1_len, 'simp')) ), ss, ns, altforms, anagrams, literal, '\n|}', concat(annotation) } end return export 3uixszkfqalb4dop1zlf0h9gpoeeoyv 7240441 7240439 2026-07-05T20:37:10Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240441 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local links = require("Module:Wt/mnc/links") local lang = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages") local m_data = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh-forms/data") local m_scripts = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts") local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local concat = table.concat local explode = m_str_utils.explode_utf8 local find = m_str_utils.find local get_section = require("Module:Wt/mnc/pages").get_section local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local insert = table.insert local len = m_str_utils.len local match = m_str_utils.match local new_title = mw.title.new local sub = m_str_utils.sub local u = m_str_utils.char local Hani_chars = m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters() local nonbreaking_hyphen = u(0x2011) local sc = { ["trad"] = "Hant", ["simp"] = "Hans", ["both"] = "Hani", } -- Change one variant character to another variant character. -- Currently, only do so once. Return false if there is more than one character to change, or if there is no change. function export.change_to_variant(text) local count = 0 local text = gsub(text, ('([%s])'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both), function(char) count = count + 1 if (count > 1) then return '' end -- add |t2= manually, please local this_char_index = find(m_data.chars_variant_both, char) local first_or_second = (this_char_index % 2) local other_char_index = this_char_index + (first_or_second == 1 and 1 or -1) return sub(m_data.chars_variant_both, other_char_index, other_char_index) end) return (count == 1 and text or '') end local zh_link_impl = nil local function zh_link(...) if zh_link_impl == nil then zh_link_impl = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/link") end return zh_link_impl.link(...) end function export.make(frame) local params = { [1] = { list = true, allow_holes = true, allow_empty = true }, ["s"] = { list = true }, ["t"] = { list = true }, ["ss"] = {}, ["ns"] = {}, ["alt"] = {}, ["type"] = {}, ["delink"] = {}, ["lit"] = {}, ["note"] = {}, ["gloss"] = {}, ["align"] = {} } local args = require("Module:Wt/mnc/parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local comp_type = args["type"] local s, t = {}, {} local annotation = {} local pagename = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local content = current_title:getContent() if not frame:getParent().args["t"] then insert(t, 1, current_title.subpageText) end for i = 1, #args.s do if (#args.s == 1) and pagename == args.s[i] then error('Redundant text in |s=.') end insert(s, args.s[i]) end for i = 1, #args.t do if (#args.t == 1) and pagename == args.t[i] then error('Redundant text in |t=.') end insert(t, args.t[i]) end local t1 = t[1] local t1_len = len(t1) -- temp tracking if #s == 0 and require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh").ts(t1) ~= t1 then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a simplified form') end if #t == 1 then local to_variant = export.change_to_variant(t1) if (to_variant ~= '') then -- automatically generate a |t2= insert(t, export.change_to_variant(t1)) elseif find(t1, ('[%s]'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both .. m_data.chars_variant_one)) then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a variant form') end end s.name = "simp" t.name = "trad" if #t ~= 1 and #s == 0 then insert(s, t1) end local function asterisk(term, iscomp) if iscomp and t1_len > 1 then return "" end if term == current_title.subpageText or not (new_title(term) or {}).exists then return "" end local content = new_title(term):getContent() content = gsub(content, "zh%-pron", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "zh%-see", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "[^Ꙁ]", "") return len(content) > 1 and '^{<span class="explain" title="This form has one or more other meanings.">*</span>}' or '' end local function var_fmt(length, color) return '\n|-\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background: ' .. (color or 'var(--wikt-palette-cyan, #eaffff)') .. ';color:inherit;font-weight: normal;font-size: smaller;" colspan="2" |' end local function char_gap(length, script, last) return '\n| style="min-width:2em;padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em; background-color:var(--wikt-palette-white, #ffffff);color:inherit;' .. (last and 'border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);border' .. (length ~= 1 and '-bottom' or '') .. ': 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ' or 'border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ') .. 'font-size:x-large" lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '" | ' end local function header(length, var_count) return ((length > 3 or var_count * length > 5 or args.align == 'left') and '{|' or '{| class="floatright"') .. ' style="clear: right;margin: 1em 0 1em 1em;border-collapse: collapse;text-align: center"' .. (length ~= 1 and '\n|-\n! colspan=2|' or '') end local function gloss_fmt(word, colspan, length) return '\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0);color:inherit;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;width:min-content;" colspan=' .. (colspan or 1) ..'|' end local function form_fmt(text, length, script) local fmtd_text = {} for i,value in ipairs(text) do fmtd_text[i] = links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = value } .. asterisk(value, false) end return length ~= 1 and ((length > 8 and '' or '<span style="font-size:140%">') .. '(<span lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '">' .. concat(fmtd_text, "/") .. '</span>)' .. (length > 8 and '' or '</span>')) or '' end local function char_fmt(text, length, script) return (#text ~= 1 and (char_gap(length, script) .. concat(text, char_gap(length, script), 1, #text-1)) or '') .. char_gap(length, script, true) .. text[#text] end local word_division = {} local i = 1 local decomposable if comp_type then for index in mw.text.gsplit(comp_type, "", true) do if find(sub(t1, i, i), '[，%-]') then insert(word_division, { i, i } ) i = i + 1 elseif sub(t1, i, i) == '…' then insert(word_division, { i, i + 1 } ) i = i + 2 end insert(word_division, { i, i + index - 1 } ) i = i + index end if i - 1 ~= len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) and not find(concat(t) .. concat(s), "[⿰⿱⿲⿳⿴⿵⿶⿷⿸⿹⿺⿻]") then error("'type' parameter does not match word length.") end else for i = 1, t1_len do insert(word_division, { i, i } ) end decomposable = len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) > 2 and true or false end local delink = {} if args["delink"] then if args["delink"] == "y" then for del_index, _ in ipairs(word_division) do delink[del_index] = "yes" end else for position in mw.text.gsplit(args["delink"], ",") do delink[tonumber(position)] = "yes" end end end local char_set = { ['simp'] = {}, ['trad'] = {} } local identity = #s == 0 and {t} or {s,t} local uncreated = {} for _, id in ipairs(identity) do for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local char_string = "" for j = 1, #id do local word_form = sub(id[j], position[1], position[2]) if not find(char_string, word_form) then char_string = (char_string ~= "" and (char_string .. '/') or "") .. word_form end end if not find(char_string, '[，%-]') then local hash = {} for thing in mw.text.gsplit(char_string, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) do insert(hash, links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = thing } .. asterisk(thing, true)) end char_string = concat(hash, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) end insert(char_set[id.name], char_string) end for _, item in ipairs(id) do if not (new_title(item) or {}).exists and item ~= current_title.subpageText then insert(uncreated, '"[[' .. item .. ']]"') end end end local scripts = { [m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters()] = "Hani" , [m_scripts.getByCode("Latn"):getCharacters()] = "Latn", ["0-9０-９"] = "Numb", [m_scripts.getByCode("Polyt"):getCharacters()] = "Grek", [m_scripts.getByCode("Bopo"):getCharacters()] = "Bopo" } local script = {} for range, script_name in pairs(scripts) do if find(t1, '[' .. range .. ']') then insert(script, script_name) end end if find(t1, "([^─…]+)%1") and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and t1_len < 7 then if gsub(comp_type or "", "1", "") == "" then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') elseif find(t1, "([^…][^…]+)%1") or find(concat(char_set['trad'], " "), "([^─…%[%]a-z]+)%1") then local evil for _, component in ipairs(char_set['trad']) do if len(component) > 1 then local comp_content = new_title(links.remove_links(component)):getContent() or false if not comp_content or find(comp_content, "|gloss=-") or not find(comp_content, "==Chinese==") then evil = true end end end if not evil then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') end end end insert(annotation, #script > 1 and '[[Category:Chinese terms written in multiple scripts]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (decomposable and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and not args['note'] and not args['lit']) and '[[Category:Chinese entries with potentially decomposable titles]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (#uncreated > 0 and current_title.nsText == "") and '[[Category:Chinese terms with uncreated forms]]' .. '<small class="attentionseeking">(' .. (#uncreated == 1 and 'This form' or 'These forms') .. ' in the hanzi box ' .. (#uncreated == 1 and 'does' or 'do') .. ' not have a page created for ' .. (#uncreated == 1 and 'it' or 'them') .. ' yet: ' .. concat(uncreated, ", ") .. '.)</small>' or nil) local ss = "" if args["ss"] then ss = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. '[[w:Second round of simplified Chinese characters|2nd round simp.]]' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ss"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local ns = "" if args["ns"] then ns = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. 'nonstandard simp.' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ns"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local altforms = "" if args["alt"] then local altform_list = {} for altform in mw.text.gsplit(args["alt"], ",") do local altdecomp = mw.text.split(altform, ":") local altdecomp2 = mw.text.split(altdecomp[1], "-") local altdecomp3 = altdecomp2[2] and ' <span style="font-size:80%"><i>' .. altdecomp2[2] .. '</i></span>' or '' insert(altform_list, '<span style="white-space:nowrap;">' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { altdecomp2[1], tr = (altdecomp[2] or "-") }, current_title.subpageText) .. altdecomp3 .. '</span>') end if #altform_list > 5 then altforms = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="Chinese alternative forms">' .. '<div class="vsShow">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>", 1, 5) .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>") .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' else altforms = concat(altform_list, "<br>") end altforms = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. 'alternative forms' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. altforms end local anagrams = "" if t1_len >= 2 and t1_len <= 5 then local function generate_anagrams(term, n, anagrams, checked) if n == 0 then local anagram = concat(term) if checked[anagram] then return end local title = new_title(anagram) if not title then return end title = title:getContent() if title and get_section(title, "Chinese", 2) then insert(anagrams, anagram) end checked[anagram] = true else for i = 1, n do generate_anagrams(term, n - 1, anagrams, checked) local i = n % 2 == 0 and i or 1 term[i], term[n] = term[n], term[i] end end return anagrams end local term, checked = explode(t1), {[t1] = true} anagrams = generate_anagrams(term, #term, {}, checked) local anagrams_num = #anagrams for i = 1, anagrams_num do anagrams[i] = "<span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. zh_link(nil, nil, {anagrams[i], tr = "-"}, current_title.subpageText) .. "</span>" end if anagrams_num == 0 then anagrams = "" else anagrams = concat(anagrams, "<br>") local label = anagrams_num == 1 and "anagram" or "anagrams" anagrams = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. label .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. anagrams end end local literal = (args["lit"] or args["note"]) and '\n|-' .. gloss_fmt(t1_len, #word_division + 2, t1_len) .. (args["lit"] and '<i>Literally:</i> “' .. args["lit"] .. (find(args["lit"], "%.$") and "”" or "”.") or args["note"]) or "" local gloss = {} if args['gloss'] == '-' then gloss = { gloss_fmt(t1_len * 1.6, #word_division, t1_len) .. '<i>phonetic</i>' } elseif t1_len == 1 then gloss = {}--{ gloss_fmt(1.6, #word_division) .. '-' } else for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local character = sub(t1, position[1], position[2]) local gloss_text = args[1][i] -- Load glosses module if no gloss was supplied and the word is a single character. if not gloss_text and position[1] == position[2] then local glosses = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/glosses") gloss_text = glosses.glosses[character] or "" gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "{{taxlink|([^{}]+)}}", function (taxlink_text) local taxlink_args, argi = {}, 1 for arg in mw.text.gsplit(taxlink_text, "|") do local arg_split = mw.text.split(arg, "=") if arg_split[2] then taxlink_args[arg_split[1]] = arg_split[2] else taxlink_args[argi] = (arg ~= "" and arg or nil) argi = argi + 1 end end local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'taxlink', args = taxlink_args } end) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") and not find(glosses.nonlemma, character) then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found for Chinese character') end end if gloss_text == "-" then gloss_text = "''phonetic''" end if not gloss_text then gloss_text = "" end --[[ To ensure that suffixes are not broken up between lines, like this: - ist ]] if find(gloss_text, "-", nil, true) then gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "^%-", nonbreaking_hyphen) gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "(%s)%-", "%1" .. nonbreaking_hyphen) end if gloss_text == "" and position[2] > position[1] then local content = new_title(character):getContent() or false if content then gloss_text = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/extract").extract_gloss(content, false) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found but entry exists') end --[[ if not string.match(content, character) then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/compounds not mentioned in derived terms on the component pages') end ]]-- else if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese redlinks/zh-forms]]') end end end gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]+;", ";") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]*$", "") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";+", ";") if len(gsub(gloss_text, '[^;]', '')) > 2 then gloss_text = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="glosses"><div class="vsShow">' .. match(gloss_text, '^[^;]+;[^;]+;[^;]+') .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. gloss_text .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' end local word_length = match(character, '[，…%-]') and 0 or (delink[i] and len(character) or len(character) * (len(gsub(char_set['trad'][i], '[^/]', '')) + 1)) insert(gloss, gloss_fmt(word_length, 1, t1_len) .. gloss_text) end end if content then --[[ local applicable_pos = { ["Noun"] = 1, ["Verb"] = 1, ["Adjective"] = 1, ["Adverb"] = 1, ["Definitions"] = 1, ["Pronunciation"] = 1 } local previous_level = 2 local subheading_wanted ]]-- --[=[ -- Used under headers for Chinese varieties, for instance in [[āu-piah]] local Chinese_section = string.match(content, "\n==Chinese==\n(.-)\n==[^=]") if not Chinese_section then error("No Chinese section found.") end --]=] if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Definitions===") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no definitions section found') end --[[ disable, {{zh-der}} has been deprecated so this expression will always be false if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Compounds===") and string.match(content, "zh-der") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/derived terms probably needing renaming') end ]]-- --[[ comment out relatively expensive parsing for equals, heading_text in string.gmatch(content, "\n(%=%=+)([^%=]+)%=%=+") do local current_level = #equals if subheading_wanted and current_level ~= previous_level + 1 then if applicable_pos[heading_text] then error("The heading \"===Etymology ''n''===\" or \"===Pronunciation ''n''===\" must be followed by a subheading one level lower.") end end previous_level = current_level subheading_wanted = string.find(heading_text, " [0-9]+") and true or false end ]]-- end local simp_note = "" --This is not a complete list! if #identity == 1 and find(m_data.chars_unified, '[' .. t1 .. ']') then simp_note = '^{<span class="explain" title="Using the same code point' .. (t1_len > 1 and 's' or '') .. ' as the traditional form due to Han unification. Without proper font support, it may be displayed as the same as the traditional form.">#</span>}' char_set['simp'] = char_set['trad'] end return concat{ header(t1_len, math.max(#t, #s)), concat(gloss, ""), ((#identity == 1 and simp_note == '') and (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Simplified Chinese|simp.]] and [[Traditional Chinese|trad.]]<br>' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'both') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'both')) or var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Traditional Chinese|trad.]] ' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'trad') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'trad') .. (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Simplified Chinese|simp.]] ' .. simp_note .. form_fmt(#s == 0 and t or s, t1_len, 'simp') .. char_fmt(char_set['simp'], t1_len, 'simp')) ), ss, ns, altforms, anagrams, literal, '\n|}', concat(annotation) } end return export 4us601gru2k358e7zeft18qf4ur38mc 7240452 7240441 2026-07-05T20:49:27Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240452 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local links = require("Module:Wt/mnc/links") local lang = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages") local m_data = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh-forms/data") local m_scripts = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts") local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local concat = table.concat local explode = m_str_utils.explode_utf8 local find = m_str_utils.find local get_section = require("Module:Wt/mnc/pages").get_section local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local insert = table.insert local len = m_str_utils.len local match = m_str_utils.match local new_title = mw.title.new local sub = m_str_utils.sub local u = m_str_utils.char local Hani_chars = m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters() local nonbreaking_hyphen = u(0x2011) local sc = { ["trad"] = "Hant", ["simp"] = "Hans", ["both"] = "Hani", } -- Change one variant character to another variant character. -- Currently, only do so once. Return false if there is more than one character to change, or if there is no change. function export.change_to_variant(text) local count = 0 local text = gsub(text, ('([%s])'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both), function(char) count = count + 1 if (count > 1) then return '' end -- add |t2= manually, please local this_char_index = find(m_data.chars_variant_both, char) local first_or_second = (this_char_index % 2) local other_char_index = this_char_index + (first_or_second == 1 and 1 or -1) return sub(m_data.chars_variant_both, other_char_index, other_char_index) end) return (count == 1 and text or '') end local zh_link_impl = nil local function zh_link(...) if zh_link_impl == nil then zh_link_impl = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/link") end return zh_link_impl.link(...) end function export.make(frame) local params = { [1] = { list = true, allow_holes = true, allow_empty = true }, ["s"] = { list = true }, ["t"] = { list = true }, ["ss"] = {}, ["ns"] = {}, ["alt"] = {}, ["type"] = {}, ["delink"] = {}, ["lit"] = {}, ["note"] = {}, ["gloss"] = {}, ["align"] = {} } local args = require("Module:Wt/mnc/parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local comp_type = args["type"] local s, t = {}, {} local annotation = {} local pagename = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local content = current_title:getContent() if not frame:getParent().args["t"] then insert(t, 1, current_title.subpageText) end for i = 1, #args.s do if (#args.s == 1) and pagename == args.s[i] then error('Redundant text in |s=.') end insert(s, args.s[i]) end for i = 1, #args.t do if (#args.t == 1) and pagename == args.t[i] then error('Redundant text in |t=.') end insert(t, args.t[i]) end local t1 = t[1] local t1_len = len(t1) -- temp tracking if #s == 0 and require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh").ts(t1) ~= t1 then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a simplified form') end if #t == 1 then local to_variant = export.change_to_variant(t1) if (to_variant ~= '') then -- automatically generate a |t2= insert(t, export.change_to_variant(t1)) elseif find(t1, ('[%s]'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both .. m_data.chars_variant_one)) then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a variant form') end end s.name = "simp" t.name = "trad" if #t ~= 1 and #s == 0 then insert(s, t1) end local function asterisk(term, iscomp) if iscomp and t1_len > 1 then return "" end if term == current_title.subpageText or not (new_title(term) or {}).exists then return "" end local content = new_title(term):getContent() content = gsub(content, "zh%-pron", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "zh%-see", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "[^Ꙁ]", "") return len(content) > 1 and '^{<span class="explain" title="This form has one or more other meanings.">*</span>}' or '' end local function var_fmt(length, color) return '\n|-\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background: ' .. (color or 'var(--wikt-palette-cyan, #eaffff)') .. ';color:inherit;font-weight: normal;font-size: smaller;" colspan="2" |' end local function char_gap(length, script, last) return '\n| style="min-width:2em;padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em; background-color:var(--wikt-palette-white, #ffffff);color:inherit;' .. (last and 'border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);border' .. (length ~= 1 and '-bottom' or '') .. ': 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ' or 'border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ') .. 'font-size:x-large" lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '" | ' end local function header(length, var_count) return ((length > 3 or var_count * length > 5 or args.align == 'left') and '{|' or '{| class="floatright"') .. ' style="clear: right;margin: 1em 0 1em 1em;border-collapse: collapse;text-align: center"' .. (length ~= 1 and '\n|-\n! colspan=2|' or '') end local function gloss_fmt(word, colspan, length) return '\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0);color:inherit;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;width:min-content;" colspan=' .. (colspan or 1) ..'|' end local function form_fmt(text, length, script) local fmtd_text = {} for i,value in ipairs(text) do fmtd_text[i] = links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = value } .. asterisk(value, false) end return length ~= 1 and ((length > 8 and '' or '<span style="font-size:140%">') .. '(<span lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '">' .. concat(fmtd_text, "/") .. '</span>)' .. (length > 8 and '' or '</span>')) or '' end local function char_fmt(text, length, script) return (#text ~= 1 and (char_gap(length, script) .. concat(text, char_gap(length, script), 1, #text-1)) or '') .. char_gap(length, script, true) .. text[#text] end local word_division = {} local i = 1 local decomposable if comp_type then for index in mw.text.gsplit(comp_type, "", true) do if find(sub(t1, i, i), '[，%-]') then insert(word_division, { i, i } ) i = i + 1 elseif sub(t1, i, i) == '…' then insert(word_division, { i, i + 1 } ) i = i + 2 end insert(word_division, { i, i + index - 1 } ) i = i + index end if i - 1 ~= len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) and not find(concat(t) .. concat(s), "[⿰⿱⿲⿳⿴⿵⿶⿷⿸⿹⿺⿻]") then error("'type' parameter does not match word length.") end else for i = 1, t1_len do insert(word_division, { i, i } ) end decomposable = len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) > 2 and true or false end local delink = {} if args["delink"] then if args["delink"] == "y" then for del_index, _ in ipairs(word_division) do delink[del_index] = "yes" end else for position in mw.text.gsplit(args["delink"], ",") do delink[tonumber(position)] = "yes" end end end local char_set = { ['simp'] = {}, ['trad'] = {} } local identity = #s == 0 and {t} or {s,t} local uncreated = {} for _, id in ipairs(identity) do for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local char_string = "" for j = 1, #id do local word_form = sub(id[j], position[1], position[2]) if not find(char_string, word_form) then char_string = (char_string ~= "" and (char_string .. '/') or "") .. word_form end end if not find(char_string, '[，%-]') then local hash = {} for thing in mw.text.gsplit(char_string, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) do insert(hash, links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = thing } .. asterisk(thing, true)) end char_string = concat(hash, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) end insert(char_set[id.name], char_string) end for _, item in ipairs(id) do if not (new_title(item) or {}).exists and item ~= current_title.subpageText then insert(uncreated, '"[[' .. item .. ']]"') end end end local scripts = { [m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters()] = "Hani" , [m_scripts.getByCode("Latn"):getCharacters()] = "Latn", ["0-9０-９"] = "Numb", [m_scripts.getByCode("Polyt"):getCharacters()] = "Grek", [m_scripts.getByCode("Bopo"):getCharacters()] = "Bopo" } local script = {} for range, script_name in pairs(scripts) do if find(t1, '[' .. range .. ']') then insert(script, script_name) end end if find(t1, "([^─…]+)%1") and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and t1_len < 7 then if gsub(comp_type or "", "1", "") == "" then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') elseif find(t1, "([^…][^…]+)%1") or find(concat(char_set['trad'], " "), "([^─…%[%]a-z]+)%1") then local evil for _, component in ipairs(char_set['trad']) do if len(component) > 1 then local comp_content = new_title(links.remove_links(component)):getContent() or false if not comp_content or find(comp_content, "|gloss=-") or not find(comp_content, "==Chinese==") then evil = true end end end if not evil then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') end end end insert(annotation, #script > 1 and '[[Category:Chinese terms written in multiple scripts]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (decomposable and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and not args['note'] and not args['lit']) and '[[Category:Chinese entries with potentially decomposable titles]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (#uncreated > 0 and current_title.nsText == "") and '[[Category:Chinese terms with uncreated forms]]' .. '<small class="attentionseeking">(' .. (#uncreated == 1 and '' or '') .. '' .. (#uncreated == 1 and '' or '') .. 'hacin edelembi' .. (#uncreated == 1 and '' or '') .. ': ' .. concat(uncreated, ", ") .. '.)</small>' or nil) local ss = "" if args["ss"] then ss = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. '[[w:Second round of simplified Chinese characters|2nd round simp.]]' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ss"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local ns = "" if args["ns"] then ns = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. 'nonstandard simp.' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ns"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local altforms = "" if args["alt"] then local altform_list = {} for altform in mw.text.gsplit(args["alt"], ",") do local altdecomp = mw.text.split(altform, ":") local altdecomp2 = mw.text.split(altdecomp[1], "-") local altdecomp3 = altdecomp2[2] and ' <span style="font-size:80%"><i>' .. altdecomp2[2] .. '</i></span>' or '' insert(altform_list, '<span style="white-space:nowrap;">' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { altdecomp2[1], tr = (altdecomp[2] or "-") }, current_title.subpageText) .. altdecomp3 .. '</span>') end if #altform_list > 5 then altforms = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="Chinese alternative forms">' .. '<div class="vsShow">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>", 1, 5) .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>") .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' else altforms = concat(altform_list, "<br>") end altforms = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. 'alternative forms' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. altforms end local anagrams = "" if t1_len >= 2 and t1_len <= 5 then local function generate_anagrams(term, n, anagrams, checked) if n == 0 then local anagram = concat(term) if checked[anagram] then return end local title = new_title(anagram) if not title then return end title = title:getContent() if title and get_section(title, "Chinese", 2) then insert(anagrams, anagram) end checked[anagram] = true else for i = 1, n do generate_anagrams(term, n - 1, anagrams, checked) local i = n % 2 == 0 and i or 1 term[i], term[n] = term[n], term[i] end end return anagrams end local term, checked = explode(t1), {[t1] = true} anagrams = generate_anagrams(term, #term, {}, checked) local anagrams_num = #anagrams for i = 1, anagrams_num do anagrams[i] = "<span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. zh_link(nil, nil, {anagrams[i], tr = "-"}, current_title.subpageText) .. "</span>" end if anagrams_num == 0 then anagrams = "" else anagrams = concat(anagrams, "<br>") local label = anagrams_num == 1 and "anagram" or "anagrams" anagrams = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. label .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. anagrams end end local literal = (args["lit"] or args["note"]) and '\n|-' .. gloss_fmt(t1_len, #word_division + 2, t1_len) .. (args["lit"] and '<i>Literally:</i> “' .. args["lit"] .. (find(args["lit"], "%.$") and "”" or "”.") or args["note"]) or "" local gloss = {} if args['gloss'] == '-' then gloss = { gloss_fmt(t1_len * 1.6, #word_division, t1_len) .. '<i>phonetic</i>' } elseif t1_len == 1 then gloss = {}--{ gloss_fmt(1.6, #word_division) .. '-' } else for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local character = sub(t1, position[1], position[2]) local gloss_text = args[1][i] -- Load glosses module if no gloss was supplied and the word is a single character. if not gloss_text and position[1] == position[2] then local glosses = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/glosses") gloss_text = glosses.glosses[character] or "" gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "{{taxlink|([^{}]+)}}", function (taxlink_text) local taxlink_args, argi = {}, 1 for arg in mw.text.gsplit(taxlink_text, "|") do local arg_split = mw.text.split(arg, "=") if arg_split[2] then taxlink_args[arg_split[1]] = arg_split[2] else taxlink_args[argi] = (arg ~= "" and arg or nil) argi = argi + 1 end end local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'taxlink', args = taxlink_args } end) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") and not find(glosses.nonlemma, character) then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found for Chinese character') end end if gloss_text == "-" then gloss_text = "''phonetic''" end if not gloss_text then gloss_text = "" end --[[ To ensure that suffixes are not broken up between lines, like this: - ist ]] if find(gloss_text, "-", nil, true) then gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "^%-", nonbreaking_hyphen) gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "(%s)%-", "%1" .. nonbreaking_hyphen) end if gloss_text == "" and position[2] > position[1] then local content = new_title(character):getContent() or false if content then gloss_text = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/extract").extract_gloss(content, false) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found but entry exists') end --[[ if not string.match(content, character) then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/compounds not mentioned in derived terms on the component pages') end ]]-- else if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese redlinks/zh-forms]]') end end end gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]+;", ";") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]*$", "") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";+", ";") if len(gsub(gloss_text, '[^;]', '')) > 2 then gloss_text = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="glosses"><div class="vsShow">' .. match(gloss_text, '^[^;]+;[^;]+;[^;]+') .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. gloss_text .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' end local word_length = match(character, '[，…%-]') and 0 or (delink[i] and len(character) or len(character) * (len(gsub(char_set['trad'][i], '[^/]', '')) + 1)) insert(gloss, gloss_fmt(word_length, 1, t1_len) .. gloss_text) end end if content then --[[ local applicable_pos = { ["Noun"] = 1, ["Verb"] = 1, ["Adjective"] = 1, ["Adverb"] = 1, ["Definitions"] = 1, ["Pronunciation"] = 1 } local previous_level = 2 local subheading_wanted ]]-- --[=[ -- Used under headers for Chinese varieties, for instance in [[āu-piah]] local Chinese_section = string.match(content, "\n==Chinese==\n(.-)\n==[^=]") if not Chinese_section then error("No Chinese section found.") end --]=] if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Definitions===") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no definitions section found') end --[[ disable, {{zh-der}} has been deprecated so this expression will always be false if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Compounds===") and string.match(content, "zh-der") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/derived terms probably needing renaming') end ]]-- --[[ comment out relatively expensive parsing for equals, heading_text in string.gmatch(content, "\n(%=%=+)([^%=]+)%=%=+") do local current_level = #equals if subheading_wanted and current_level ~= previous_level + 1 then if applicable_pos[heading_text] then error("The heading \"===Etymology ''n''===\" or \"===Pronunciation ''n''===\" must be followed by a subheading one level lower.") end end previous_level = current_level subheading_wanted = string.find(heading_text, " [0-9]+") and true or false end ]]-- end local simp_note = "" --This is not a complete list! if #identity == 1 and find(m_data.chars_unified, '[' .. t1 .. ']') then simp_note = '^{<span class="explain" title="Using the same code point' .. (t1_len > 1 and 's' or '') .. ' as the traditional form due to Han unification. Without proper font support, it may be displayed as the same as the traditional form.">#</span>}' char_set['simp'] = char_set['trad'] end return concat{ header(t1_len, math.max(#t, #s)), concat(gloss, ""), ((#identity == 1 and simp_note == '') and (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Simplified Chinese|simp.]] and [[Traditional Chinese|trad.]]<br>' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'both') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'both')) or var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Traditional Chinese|trad.]] ' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'trad') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'trad') .. (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Simplified Chinese|simp.]] ' .. simp_note .. form_fmt(#s == 0 and t or s, t1_len, 'simp') .. char_fmt(char_set['simp'], t1_len, 'simp')) ), ss, ns, altforms, anagrams, literal, '\n|}', concat(annotation) } end return export amfsceeoqye7mr7qc1iwar2oppcp6kp 7240453 7240452 2026-07-05T20:54:09Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240453 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local links = require("Module:Wt/mnc/links") local lang = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages") local m_data = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh-forms/data") local m_scripts = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts") local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local concat = table.concat local explode = m_str_utils.explode_utf8 local find = m_str_utils.find local get_section = require("Module:Wt/mnc/pages").get_section local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local insert = table.insert local len = m_str_utils.len local match = m_str_utils.match local new_title = mw.title.new local sub = m_str_utils.sub local u = m_str_utils.char local Hani_chars = m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters() local nonbreaking_hyphen = u(0x2011) local sc = { ["trad"] = "Hant", ["simp"] = "Hans", ["both"] = "Hani", } -- Change one variant character to another variant character. -- Currently, only do so once. Return false if there is more than one character to change, or if there is no change. function export.change_to_variant(text) local count = 0 local text = gsub(text, ('([%s])'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both), function(char) count = count + 1 if (count > 1) then return '' end -- add |t2= manually, please local this_char_index = find(m_data.chars_variant_both, char) local first_or_second = (this_char_index % 2) local other_char_index = this_char_index + (first_or_second == 1 and 1 or -1) return sub(m_data.chars_variant_both, other_char_index, other_char_index) end) return (count == 1 and text or '') end local zh_link_impl = nil local function zh_link(...) if zh_link_impl == nil then zh_link_impl = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/link") end return zh_link_impl.link(...) end function export.make(frame) local params = { [1] = { list = true, allow_holes = true, allow_empty = true }, ["s"] = { list = true }, ["t"] = { list = true }, ["ss"] = {}, ["ns"] = {}, ["alt"] = {}, ["type"] = {}, ["delink"] = {}, ["lit"] = {}, ["note"] = {}, ["gloss"] = {}, ["align"] = {} } local args = require("Module:Wt/mnc/parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local comp_type = args["type"] local s, t = {}, {} local annotation = {} local pagename = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local content = current_title:getContent() if not frame:getParent().args["t"] then insert(t, 1, current_title.subpageText) end for i = 1, #args.s do if (#args.s == 1) and pagename == args.s[i] then error('Redundant text in |s=.') end insert(s, args.s[i]) end for i = 1, #args.t do if (#args.t == 1) and pagename == args.t[i] then error('Redundant text in |t=.') end insert(t, args.t[i]) end local t1 = t[1] local t1_len = len(t1) -- temp tracking if #s == 0 and require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh").ts(t1) ~= t1 then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a simplified form') end if #t == 1 then local to_variant = export.change_to_variant(t1) if (to_variant ~= '') then -- automatically generate a |t2= insert(t, export.change_to_variant(t1)) elseif find(t1, ('[%s]'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both .. m_data.chars_variant_one)) then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a variant form') end end s.name = "simp" t.name = "trad" if #t ~= 1 and #s == 0 then insert(s, t1) end local function asterisk(term, iscomp) if iscomp and t1_len > 1 then return "" end if term == current_title.subpageText or not (new_title(term) or {}).exists then return "" end local content = new_title(term):getContent() content = gsub(content, "zh%-pron", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "zh%-see", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "[^Ꙁ]", "") return len(content) > 1 and '^{<span class="explain" title="This form has one or more other meanings.">*</span>}' or '' end local function var_fmt(length, color) return '\n|-\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background: ' .. (color or 'var(--wikt-palette-cyan, #eaffff)') .. ';color:inherit;font-weight: normal;font-size: smaller;" colspan="2" |' end local function char_gap(length, script, last) return '\n| style="min-width:2em;padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em; background-color:var(--wikt-palette-white, #ffffff);color:inherit;' .. (last and 'border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);border' .. (length ~= 1 and '-bottom' or '') .. ': 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ' or 'border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ') .. 'font-size:x-large" lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '" | ' end local function header(length, var_count) return ((length > 3 or var_count * length > 5 or args.align == 'left') and '{|' or '{| class="floatright"') .. ' style="clear: right;margin: 1em 0 1em 1em;border-collapse: collapse;text-align: center"' .. (length ~= 1 and '\n|-\n! colspan=2|' or '') end local function gloss_fmt(word, colspan, length) return '\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0);color:inherit;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;width:min-content;" colspan=' .. (colspan or 1) ..'|' end local function form_fmt(text, length, script) local fmtd_text = {} for i,value in ipairs(text) do fmtd_text[i] = links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = value } .. asterisk(value, false) end return length ~= 1 and ((length > 8 and '' or '<span style="font-size:140%">') .. '(<span lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '">' .. concat(fmtd_text, "/") .. '</span>)' .. (length > 8 and '' or '</span>')) or '' end local function char_fmt(text, length, script) return (#text ~= 1 and (char_gap(length, script) .. concat(text, char_gap(length, script), 1, #text-1)) or '') .. char_gap(length, script, true) .. text[#text] end local word_division = {} local i = 1 local decomposable if comp_type then for index in mw.text.gsplit(comp_type, "", true) do if find(sub(t1, i, i), '[，%-]') then insert(word_division, { i, i } ) i = i + 1 elseif sub(t1, i, i) == '…' then insert(word_division, { i, i + 1 } ) i = i + 2 end insert(word_division, { i, i + index - 1 } ) i = i + index end if i - 1 ~= len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) and not find(concat(t) .. concat(s), "[⿰⿱⿲⿳⿴⿵⿶⿷⿸⿹⿺⿻]") then error("'type' parameter does not match word length.") end else for i = 1, t1_len do insert(word_division, { i, i } ) end decomposable = len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) > 2 and true or false end local delink = {} if args["delink"] then if args["delink"] == "y" then for del_index, _ in ipairs(word_division) do delink[del_index] = "yes" end else for position in mw.text.gsplit(args["delink"], ",") do delink[tonumber(position)] = "yes" end end end local char_set = { ['simp'] = {}, ['trad'] = {} } local identity = #s == 0 and {t} or {s,t} local uncreated = {} for _, id in ipairs(identity) do for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local char_string = "" for j = 1, #id do local word_form = sub(id[j], position[1], position[2]) if not find(char_string, word_form) then char_string = (char_string ~= "" and (char_string .. '/') or "") .. word_form end end if not find(char_string, '[，%-]') then local hash = {} for thing in mw.text.gsplit(char_string, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) do insert(hash, links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = thing } .. asterisk(thing, true)) end char_string = concat(hash, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) end insert(char_set[id.name], char_string) end for _, item in ipairs(id) do if not (new_title(item) or {}).exists and item ~= current_title.subpageText then insert(uncreated, '"[[' .. item .. ']]"') end end end local scripts = { [m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters()] = "Hani" , [m_scripts.getByCode("Latn"):getCharacters()] = "Latn", ["0-9０-９"] = "Numb", [m_scripts.getByCode("Polyt"):getCharacters()] = "Grek", [m_scripts.getByCode("Bopo"):getCharacters()] = "Bopo" } local script = {} for range, script_name in pairs(scripts) do if find(t1, '[' .. range .. ']') then insert(script, script_name) end end if find(t1, "([^─…]+)%1") and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and t1_len < 7 then if gsub(comp_type or "", "1", "") == "" then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') elseif find(t1, "([^…][^…]+)%1") or find(concat(char_set['trad'], " "), "([^─…%[%]a-z]+)%1") then local evil for _, component in ipairs(char_set['trad']) do if len(component) > 1 then local comp_content = new_title(links.remove_links(component)):getContent() or false if not comp_content or find(comp_content, "|gloss=-") or not find(comp_content, "==Chinese==") then evil = true end end end if not evil then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') end end end insert(annotation, #script > 1 and '[[Category:Chinese terms written in multiple scripts]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (decomposable and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and not args['note'] and not args['lit']) and '[[Category:Chinese entries with potentially decomposable titles]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (#uncreated > 0 and current_title.nsText == "") and '[[Category:Chinese terms with uncreated forms]]' .. '<small class="attentionseeking">(' .. (#uncreated == 1 and '' or '') .. '' .. (#uncreated == 1 and '' or '') .. 'hacin edelembi' .. (#uncreated == 1 and '' or '') .. ': ' .. concat(uncreated, ", ") .. '.)</small>' or nil) local ss = "" if args["ss"] then ss = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. '[[w:Second round of simplified Chinese characters|2nd round simp.]]' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ss"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local ns = "" if args["ns"] then ns = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. 'nonstandard simp.' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ns"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local altforms = "" if args["alt"] then local altform_list = {} for altform in mw.text.gsplit(args["alt"], ",") do local altdecomp = mw.text.split(altform, ":") local altdecomp2 = mw.text.split(altdecomp[1], "-") local altdecomp3 = altdecomp2[2] and ' <span style="font-size:80%"><i>' .. altdecomp2[2] .. '</i></span>' or '' insert(altform_list, '<span style="white-space:nowrap;">' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { altdecomp2[1], tr = (altdecomp[2] or "-") }, current_title.subpageText) .. altdecomp3 .. '</span>') end if #altform_list > 5 then altforms = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="Chinese alternative forms">' .. '<div class="vsShow">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>", 1, 5) .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>") .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' else altforms = concat(altform_list, "<br>") end altforms = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. 'alternative forms' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. altforms end local anagrams = "" if t1_len >= 2 and t1_len <= 5 then local function generate_anagrams(term, n, anagrams, checked) if n == 0 then local anagram = concat(term) if checked[anagram] then return end local title = new_title(anagram) if not title then return end title = title:getContent() if title and get_section(title, "Chinese", 2) then insert(anagrams, anagram) end checked[anagram] = true else for i = 1, n do generate_anagrams(term, n - 1, anagrams, checked) local i = n % 2 == 0 and i or 1 term[i], term[n] = term[n], term[i] end end return anagrams end local term, checked = explode(t1), {[t1] = true} anagrams = generate_anagrams(term, #term, {}, checked) local anagrams_num = #anagrams for i = 1, anagrams_num do anagrams[i] = "<span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. zh_link(nil, nil, {anagrams[i], tr = "-"}, current_title.subpageText) .. "</span>" end if anagrams_num == 0 then anagrams = "" else anagrams = concat(anagrams, "<br>") local label = anagrams_num == 1 and "anagram" or "anagrams" anagrams = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. label .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. anagrams end end local literal = (args["lit"] or args["note"]) and '\n|-' .. gloss_fmt(t1_len, #word_division + 2, t1_len) .. (args["lit"] and '<i>Literally:</i> “' .. args["lit"] .. (find(args["lit"], "%.$") and "”" or "”.") or args["note"]) or "" local gloss = {} if args['gloss'] == '-' then gloss = { gloss_fmt(t1_len * 1.6, #word_division, t1_len) .. '<i>phonetic</i>' } elseif t1_len == 1 then gloss = {}--{ gloss_fmt(1.6, #word_division) .. '-' } else for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local character = sub(t1, position[1], position[2]) local gloss_text = args[1][i] -- Load glosses module if no gloss was supplied and the word is a single character. if not gloss_text and position[1] == position[2] then local glosses = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/glosses") gloss_text = glosses.glosses[character] or "" gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "{{taxlink|([^{}]+)}}", function (taxlink_text) local taxlink_args, argi = {}, 1 for arg in mw.text.gsplit(taxlink_text, "|") do local arg_split = mw.text.split(arg, "=") if arg_split[2] then taxlink_args[arg_split[1]] = arg_split[2] else taxlink_args[argi] = (arg ~= "" and arg or nil) argi = argi + 1 end end local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'taxlink', args = taxlink_args } end) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") and not find(glosses.nonlemma, character) then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found for Chinese character') end end if gloss_text == "-" then gloss_text = "''phonetic''" end if not gloss_text then gloss_text = "" end --[[ To ensure that suffixes are not broken up between lines, like this: - ist ]] if find(gloss_text, "-", nil, true) then gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "^%-", nonbreaking_hyphen) gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "(%s)%-", "%1" .. nonbreaking_hyphen) end if gloss_text == "" and position[2] > position[1] then local content = new_title(character):getContent() or false if content then gloss_text = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/extract").extract_gloss(content, false) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found but entry exists') end --[[ if not string.match(content, character) then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/compounds not mentioned in derived terms on the component pages') end ]]-- else if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese redlinks/zh-forms]]') end end end gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]+;", ";") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]*$", "") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";+", ";") if len(gsub(gloss_text, '[^;]', '')) > 2 then gloss_text = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="glosses"><div class="vsShow">' .. match(gloss_text, '^[^;]+;[^;]+;[^;]+') .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. gloss_text .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' end local word_length = match(character, '[，…%-]') and 0 or (delink[i] and len(character) or len(character) * (len(gsub(char_set['trad'][i], '[^/]', '')) + 1)) insert(gloss, gloss_fmt(word_length, 1, t1_len) .. gloss_text) end end if content then --[[ local applicable_pos = { ["Noun"] = 1, ["Verb"] = 1, ["Adjective"] = 1, ["Adverb"] = 1, ["Definitions"] = 1, ["Pronunciation"] = 1 } local previous_level = 2 local subheading_wanted ]]-- --[=[ -- Used under headers for Chinese varieties, for instance in [[āu-piah]] local Chinese_section = string.match(content, "\n==Chinese==\n(.-)\n==[^=]") if not Chinese_section then error("No Chinese section found.") end --]=] if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Definitions===") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no definitions section found') end --[[ disable, {{zh-der}} has been deprecated so this expression will always be false if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Compounds===") and string.match(content, "zh-der") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/derived terms probably needing renaming') end ]]-- --[[ comment out relatively expensive parsing for equals, heading_text in string.gmatch(content, "\n(%=%=+)([^%=]+)%=%=+") do local current_level = #equals if subheading_wanted and current_level ~= previous_level + 1 then if applicable_pos[heading_text] then error("The heading \"===Etymology ''n''===\" or \"===Pronunciation ''n''===\" must be followed by a subheading one level lower.") end end previous_level = current_level subheading_wanted = string.find(heading_text, " [0-9]+") and true or false end ]]-- end local simp_note = "" --This is not a complete list! if #identity == 1 and find(m_data.chars_unified, '[' .. t1 .. ']') then simp_note = '^{<span class="explain" title="Using the same code point' .. (t1_len > 1 and 's' or '') .. ' as the traditional form due to Han unification. Without proper font support, it may be displayed as the same as the traditional form.">#</span>}' char_set['simp'] = char_set['trad'] end return concat{ header(t1_len, math.max(#t, #s)), concat(gloss, ""), ((#identity == 1 and simp_note == '') and (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Simplified Chinese|xolokon.]] and [[Traditional Chinese|largin.]]<br>' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'both') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'both')) or var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Traditional Chinese|largin.]] ' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'trad') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'trad') .. (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[Simplified Chinese|xolokon.]] ' .. simp_note .. form_fmt(#s == 0 and t or s, t1_len, 'simp') .. char_fmt(char_set['simp'], t1_len, 'simp')) ), ss, ns, altforms, anagrams, literal, '\n|}', concat(annotation) } end return export owrtellzy9ue1curz4tvivnehpewvv8 7240466 7240453 2026-07-05T21:11:27Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240466 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local links = require("Module:Wt/mnc/links") local lang = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages") local m_data = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh-forms/data") local m_scripts = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts") local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local concat = table.concat local explode = m_str_utils.explode_utf8 local find = m_str_utils.find local get_section = require("Module:Wt/mnc/pages").get_section local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local insert = table.insert local len = m_str_utils.len local match = m_str_utils.match local new_title = mw.title.new local sub = m_str_utils.sub local u = m_str_utils.char local Hani_chars = m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters() local nonbreaking_hyphen = u(0x2011) local sc = { ["trad"] = "Hant", ["simp"] = "Hans", ["both"] = "Hani", } -- Change one variant character to another variant character. -- Currently, only do so once. Return false if there is more than one character to change, or if there is no change. function export.change_to_variant(text) local count = 0 local text = gsub(text, ('([%s])'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both), function(char) count = count + 1 if (count > 1) then return '' end -- add |t2= manually, please local this_char_index = find(m_data.chars_variant_both, char) local first_or_second = (this_char_index % 2) local other_char_index = this_char_index + (first_or_second == 1 and 1 or -1) return sub(m_data.chars_variant_both, other_char_index, other_char_index) end) return (count == 1 and text or '') end local zh_link_impl = nil local function zh_link(...) if zh_link_impl == nil then zh_link_impl = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/link") end return zh_link_impl.link(...) end function export.make(frame) local params = { [1] = { list = true, allow_holes = true, allow_empty = true }, ["s"] = { list = true }, ["t"] = { list = true }, ["ss"] = {}, ["ns"] = {}, ["alt"] = {}, ["type"] = {}, ["delink"] = {}, ["lit"] = {}, ["note"] = {}, ["gloss"] = {}, ["align"] = {} } local args = require("Module:Wt/mnc/parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local comp_type = args["type"] local s, t = {}, {} local annotation = {} local pagename = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local content = current_title:getContent() if not frame:getParent().args["t"] then insert(t, 1, current_title.subpageText) end for i = 1, #args.s do if (#args.s == 1) and pagename == args.s[i] then error('|s= de fulu bithe bi.') end insert(s, args.s[i]) end for i = 1, #args.t do if (#args.t == 1) and pagename == args.t[i] then error('|t= de fulu bithe bi.') end insert(t, args.t[i]) end local t1 = t[1] local t1_len = len(t1) -- temp tracking if #s == 0 and require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh").ts(t1) ~= t1 then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a simplified form') end if #t == 1 then local to_variant = export.change_to_variant(t1) if (to_variant ~= '') then -- automatically generate a |t2= insert(t, export.change_to_variant(t1)) elseif find(t1, ('[%s]'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both .. m_data.chars_variant_one)) then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a variant form') end end s.name = "simp" t.name = "trad" if #t ~= 1 and #s == 0 then insert(s, t1) end local function asterisk(term, iscomp) if iscomp and t1_len > 1 then return "" end if term == current_title.subpageText or not (new_title(term) or {}).exists then return "" end local content = new_title(term):getContent() content = gsub(content, "zh%-pron", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "zh%-see", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "[^Ꙁ]", "") return len(content) > 1 and '^{<span class="explain" title="This form has one or more other meanings.">*</span>}' or '' end local function var_fmt(length, color) return '\n|-\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background: ' .. (color or 'var(--wikt-palette-cyan, #eaffff)') .. ';color:inherit;font-weight: normal;font-size: smaller;" colspan="2" |' end local function char_gap(length, script, last) return '\n| style="min-width:2em;padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em; background-color:var(--wikt-palette-white, #ffffff);color:inherit;' .. (last and 'border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);border' .. (length ~= 1 and '-bottom' or '') .. ': 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ' or 'border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ') .. 'font-size:x-large" lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '" | ' end local function header(length, var_count) return ((length > 3 or var_count * length > 5 or args.align == 'left') and '{|' or '{| class="floatright"') .. ' style="clear: right;margin: 1em 0 1em 1em;border-collapse: collapse;text-align: center"' .. (length ~= 1 and '\n|-\n! colspan=2|' or '') end local function gloss_fmt(word, colspan, length) return '\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0);color:inherit;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;width:min-content;" colspan=' .. (colspan or 1) ..'|' end local function form_fmt(text, length, script) local fmtd_text = {} for i,value in ipairs(text) do fmtd_text[i] = links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = value } .. asterisk(value, false) end return length ~= 1 and ((length > 8 and '' or '<span style="font-size:140%">') .. '(<span lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '">' .. concat(fmtd_text, "/") .. '</span>)' .. (length > 8 and '' or '</span>')) or '' end local function char_fmt(text, length, script) return (#text ~= 1 and (char_gap(length, script) .. concat(text, char_gap(length, script), 1, #text-1)) or '') .. char_gap(length, script, true) .. text[#text] end local word_division = {} local i = 1 local decomposable if comp_type then for index in mw.text.gsplit(comp_type, "", true) do if find(sub(t1, i, i), '[，%-]') then insert(word_division, { i, i } ) i = i + 1 elseif sub(t1, i, i) == '…' then insert(word_division, { i, i + 1 } ) i = i + 2 end insert(word_division, { i, i + index - 1 } ) i = i + index end if i - 1 ~= len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) and not find(concat(t) .. concat(s), "[⿰⿱⿲⿳⿴⿵⿶⿷⿸⿹⿺⿻]") then error("'type' parameter does not match word length.") end else for i = 1, t1_len do insert(word_division, { i, i } ) end decomposable = len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) > 2 and true or false end local delink = {} if args["delink"] then if args["delink"] == "y" then for del_index, _ in ipairs(word_division) do delink[del_index] = "yes" end else for position in mw.text.gsplit(args["delink"], ",") do delink[tonumber(position)] = "yes" end end end local char_set = { ['simp'] = {}, ['trad'] = {} } local identity = #s == 0 and {t} or {s,t} local uncreated = {} for _, id in ipairs(identity) do for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local char_string = "" for j = 1, #id do local word_form = sub(id[j], position[1], position[2]) if not find(char_string, word_form) then char_string = (char_string ~= "" and (char_string .. '/') or "") .. word_form end end if not find(char_string, '[，%-]') then local hash = {} for thing in mw.text.gsplit(char_string, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) do insert(hash, links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = thing } .. asterisk(thing, true)) end char_string = concat(hash, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) end insert(char_set[id.name], char_string) end for _, item in ipairs(id) do if not (new_title(item) or {}).exists and item ~= current_title.subpageText then insert(uncreated, '"[[' .. item .. ']]"') end end end local scripts = { [m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters()] = "Hani" , [m_scripts.getByCode("Latn"):getCharacters()] = "Latn", ["0-9０-９"] = "Numb", [m_scripts.getByCode("Polyt"):getCharacters()] = "Grek", [m_scripts.getByCode("Bopo"):getCharacters()] = "Bopo" } local script = {} for range, script_name in pairs(scripts) do if find(t1, '[' .. range .. ']') then insert(script, script_name) end end if find(t1, "([^─…]+)%1") and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and t1_len < 7 then if gsub(comp_type or "", "1", "") == "" then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') elseif find(t1, "([^…][^…]+)%1") or find(concat(char_set['trad'], " "), "([^─…%[%]a-z]+)%1") then local evil for _, component in ipairs(char_set['trad']) do if len(component) > 1 then local comp_content = new_title(links.remove_links(component)):getContent() or false if not comp_content or find(comp_content, "|gloss=-") or not find(comp_content, "==Chinese==") then evil = true end end end if not evil then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') end end end insert(annotation, #script > 1 and '[[Category:Chinese terms written in multiple scripts]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (decomposable and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and not args['note'] and not args['lit']) and '[[Category:Chinese entries with potentially decomposable titles]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (#uncreated > 0 and current_title.nsText == "") and '[[Category:Chinese terms with uncreated forms]]' .. '<small class="attentionseeking">(' .. (#uncreated == 1 and '' or '') .. '' .. (#uncreated == 1 and '' or '') .. 'hacin edelembi' .. (#uncreated == 1 and '' or '') .. ': ' .. concat(uncreated, ", ") .. '.)</small>' or nil) local ss = "" if args["ss"] then ss = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. '[[w:Second round of simplified Chinese characters|2nd round simp.]]' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ss"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local ns = "" if args["ns"] then ns = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. 'nonstandard simp.' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ns"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local altforms = "" if args["alt"] then local altform_list = {} for altform in mw.text.gsplit(args["alt"], ",") do local altdecomp = mw.text.split(altform, ":") local altdecomp2 = mw.text.split(altdecomp[1], "-") local altdecomp3 = altdecomp2[2] and ' <span style="font-size:80%"><i>' .. altdecomp2[2] .. '</i></span>' or '' insert(altform_list, '<span style="white-space:nowrap;">' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { altdecomp2[1], tr = (altdecomp[2] or "-") }, current_title.subpageText) .. altdecomp3 .. '</span>') end if #altform_list > 5 then altforms = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="Chinese alternative forms">' .. '<div class="vsShow">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>", 1, 5) .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>") .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' else altforms = concat(altform_list, "<br>") end altforms = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. 'alternative forms' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. altforms end local anagrams = "" if t1_len >= 2 and t1_len <= 5 then local function generate_anagrams(term, n, anagrams, checked) if n == 0 then local anagram = concat(term) if checked[anagram] then return end local title = new_title(anagram) if not title then return end title = title:getContent() if title and get_section(title, "Chinese", 2) then insert(anagrams, anagram) end checked[anagram] = true else for i = 1, n do generate_anagrams(term, n - 1, anagrams, checked) local i = n % 2 == 0 and i or 1 term[i], term[n] = term[n], term[i] end end return anagrams end local term, checked = explode(t1), {[t1] = true} anagrams = generate_anagrams(term, #term, {}, checked) local anagrams_num = #anagrams for i = 1, anagrams_num do anagrams[i] = "<span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. zh_link(nil, nil, {anagrams[i], tr = "-"}, current_title.subpageText) .. "</span>" end if anagrams_num == 0 then anagrams = "" else anagrams = concat(anagrams, "<br>") local label = anagrams_num == 1 and "anagram" or "anagrams" anagrams = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. label .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. anagrams end end local literal = (args["lit"] or args["note"]) and '\n|-' .. gloss_fmt(t1_len, #word_division + 2, t1_len) .. (args["lit"] and '<i>Literally:</i> “' .. args["lit"] .. (find(args["lit"], "%.$") and "”" or "”.") or args["note"]) or "" local gloss = {} if args['gloss'] == '-' then gloss = { gloss_fmt(t1_len * 1.6, #word_division, t1_len) .. '<i>phonetic</i>' } elseif t1_len == 1 then gloss = {}--{ gloss_fmt(1.6, #word_division) .. '-' } else for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local character = sub(t1, position[1], position[2]) local gloss_text = args[1][i] -- Load glosses module if no gloss was supplied and the word is a single character. if not gloss_text and position[1] == position[2] then local glosses = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/glosses") gloss_text = glosses.glosses[character] or "" gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "{{taxlink|([^{}]+)}}", function (taxlink_text) local taxlink_args, argi = {}, 1 for arg in mw.text.gsplit(taxlink_text, "|") do local arg_split = mw.text.split(arg, "=") if arg_split[2] then taxlink_args[arg_split[1]] = arg_split[2] else taxlink_args[argi] = (arg ~= "" and arg or nil) argi = argi + 1 end end local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'taxlink', args = taxlink_args } end) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") and not find(glosses.nonlemma, character) then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found for Chinese character') end end if gloss_text == "-" then gloss_text = "''phonetic''" end if not gloss_text then gloss_text = "" end --[[ To ensure that suffixes are not broken up between lines, like this: - ist ]] if find(gloss_text, "-", nil, true) then gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "^%-", nonbreaking_hyphen) gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "(%s)%-", "%1" .. nonbreaking_hyphen) end if gloss_text == "" and position[2] > position[1] then local content = new_title(character):getContent() or false if content then gloss_text = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/extract").extract_gloss(content, false) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found but entry exists') end --[[ if not string.match(content, character) then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/compounds not mentioned in derived terms on the component pages') end ]]-- else if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese redlinks/zh-forms]]') end end end gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]+;", ";") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]*$", "") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";+", ";") if len(gsub(gloss_text, '[^;]', '')) > 2 then gloss_text = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="glosses"><div class="vsShow">' .. match(gloss_text, '^[^;]+;[^;]+;[^;]+') .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. gloss_text .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' end local word_length = match(character, '[，…%-]') and 0 or (delink[i] and len(character) or len(character) * (len(gsub(char_set['trad'][i], '[^/]', '')) + 1)) insert(gloss, gloss_fmt(word_length, 1, t1_len) .. gloss_text) end end if content then --[[ local applicable_pos = { ["Noun"] = 1, ["Verb"] = 1, ["Adjective"] = 1, ["Adverb"] = 1, ["Definitions"] = 1, ["Pronunciation"] = 1 } local previous_level = 2 local subheading_wanted ]]-- --[=[ -- Used under headers for Chinese varieties, for instance in [[āu-piah]] local Chinese_section = string.match(content, "\n==Chinese==\n(.-)\n==[^=]") if not Chinese_section then error("No Chinese section found.") end --]=] if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Definitions===") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no definitions section found') end --[[ disable, {{zh-der}} has been deprecated so this expression will always be false if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Compounds===") and string.match(content, "zh-der") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/derived terms probably needing renaming') end ]]-- --[[ comment out relatively expensive parsing for equals, heading_text in string.gmatch(content, "\n(%=%=+)([^%=]+)%=%=+") do local current_level = #equals if subheading_wanted and current_level ~= previous_level + 1 then if applicable_pos[heading_text] then error("The heading \"===Etymology ''n''===\" or \"===Pronunciation ''n''===\" must be followed by a subheading one level lower.") end end previous_level = current_level subheading_wanted = string.find(heading_text, " [0-9]+") and true or false end ]]-- end local simp_note = "" --This is not a complete list! if #identity == 1 and find(m_data.chars_unified, '[' .. t1 .. ']') then simp_note = '^{<span class="explain" title="Using the same code point' .. (t1_len > 1 and 's' or '') .. ' as the traditional form due to Han unification. Without proper font support, it may be displayed as the same as the traditional form.">#</span>}' char_set['simp'] = char_set['trad'] end return concat{ header(t1_len, math.max(#t, #s)), concat(gloss, ""), ((#identity == 1 and simp_note == '') and (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[šolokon nikan hergen|šolokon.]] and [[largin nikan hergen|largin.]]<br>' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'both') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'both')) or var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[largin nikan hergen|largin.]] ' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'trad') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'trad') .. (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[šolokon nikan hergen|šolokon.]] ' .. simp_note .. form_fmt(#s == 0 and t or s, t1_len, 'simp') .. char_fmt(char_set['simp'], t1_len, 'simp')) ), ss, ns, altforms, anagrams, literal, '\n|}', concat(annotation) } end return export 5wa4myjtfsz1piohjqbd73l4f7udgyx 7240467 7240466 2026-07-05T21:12:34Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240467 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local links = require("Module:Wt/mnc/links") local lang = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages") local m_data = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh-forms/data") local m_scripts = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts") local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local concat = table.concat local explode = m_str_utils.explode_utf8 local find = m_str_utils.find local get_section = require("Module:Wt/mnc/pages").get_section local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local insert = table.insert local len = m_str_utils.len local match = m_str_utils.match local new_title = mw.title.new local sub = m_str_utils.sub local u = m_str_utils.char local Hani_chars = m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters() local nonbreaking_hyphen = u(0x2011) local sc = { ["trad"] = "Hant", ["simp"] = "Hans", ["both"] = "Hani", } -- Change one variant character to another variant character. -- Currently, only do so once. Return false if there is more than one character to change, or if there is no change. function export.change_to_variant(text) local count = 0 local text = gsub(text, ('([%s])'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both), function(char) count = count + 1 if (count > 1) then return '' end -- add |t2= manually, please local this_char_index = find(m_data.chars_variant_both, char) local first_or_second = (this_char_index % 2) local other_char_index = this_char_index + (first_or_second == 1 and 1 or -1) return sub(m_data.chars_variant_both, other_char_index, other_char_index) end) return (count == 1 and text or '') end local zh_link_impl = nil local function zh_link(...) if zh_link_impl == nil then zh_link_impl = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/link") end return zh_link_impl.link(...) end function export.make(frame) local params = { [1] = { list = true, allow_holes = true, allow_empty = true }, ["s"] = { list = true }, ["t"] = { list = true }, ["ss"] = {}, ["ns"] = {}, ["alt"] = {}, ["type"] = {}, ["delink"] = {}, ["lit"] = {}, ["note"] = {}, ["gloss"] = {}, ["align"] = {} } local args = require("Module:Wt/mnc/parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local comp_type = args["type"] local s, t = {}, {} local annotation = {} local pagename = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local content = current_title:getContent() if not frame:getParent().args["t"] then insert(t, 1, current_title.subpageText) end for i = 1, #args.s do if (#args.s == 1) and pagename == args.s[i] then error('|s= de fulu bithe bi.') end insert(s, args.s[i]) end for i = 1, #args.t do if (#args.t == 1) and pagename == args.t[i] then error('|t= de fulu bithe bi.') end insert(t, args.t[i]) end local t1 = t[1] local t1_len = len(t1) -- temp tracking if #s == 0 and require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh").ts(t1) ~= t1 then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a simplified form') end if #t == 1 then local to_variant = export.change_to_variant(t1) if (to_variant ~= '') then -- automatically generate a |t2= insert(t, export.change_to_variant(t1)) elseif find(t1, ('[%s]'):format(m_data.chars_variant_both .. m_data.chars_variant_one)) then require('Module:debug').track('zh-forms/entry possibly missing a variant form') end end s.name = "simp" t.name = "trad" if #t ~= 1 and #s == 0 then insert(s, t1) end local function asterisk(term, iscomp) if iscomp and t1_len > 1 then return "" end if term == current_title.subpageText or not (new_title(term) or {}).exists then return "" end local content = new_title(term):getContent() content = gsub(content, "zh%-pron", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "zh%-see", "Ꙁ") content = gsub(content, "[^Ꙁ]", "") return len(content) > 1 and '^{<span class="explain" title="This form has one or more other meanings.">*</span>}' or '' end local function var_fmt(length, color) return '\n|-\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background: ' .. (color or 'var(--wikt-palette-cyan, #eaffff)') .. ';color:inherit;font-weight: normal;font-size: smaller;" colspan="2" |' end local function char_gap(length, script, last) return '\n| style="min-width:2em;padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em; background-color:var(--wikt-palette-white, #ffffff);color:inherit;' .. (last and 'border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);border' .. (length ~= 1 and '-bottom' or '') .. ': 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ' or 'border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); ') .. 'font-size:x-large" lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '" | ' end local function header(length, var_count) return ((length > 3 or var_count * length > 5 or args.align == 'left') and '{|' or '{| class="floatright"') .. ' style="clear: right;margin: 1em 0 1em 1em;border-collapse: collapse;text-align: center"' .. (length ~= 1 and '\n|-\n! colspan=2|' or '') end local function gloss_fmt(word, colspan, length) return '\n! style="padding: 0.' .. (length > 8 and '3' or '5') .. 'em;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa);background:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0);color:inherit;font-weight:normal;font-size:85%;width:min-content;" colspan=' .. (colspan or 1) ..'|' end local function form_fmt(text, length, script) local fmtd_text = {} for i,value in ipairs(text) do fmtd_text[i] = links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = value } .. asterisk(value, false) end return length ~= 1 and ((length > 8 and '' or '<span style="font-size:140%">') .. '(<span lang="zh-' .. sc[script] .. '" class="' .. sc[script] .. '">' .. concat(fmtd_text, "/") .. '</span>)' .. (length > 8 and '' or '</span>')) or '' end local function char_fmt(text, length, script) return (#text ~= 1 and (char_gap(length, script) .. concat(text, char_gap(length, script), 1, #text-1)) or '') .. char_gap(length, script, true) .. text[#text] end local word_division = {} local i = 1 local decomposable if comp_type then for index in mw.text.gsplit(comp_type, "", true) do if find(sub(t1, i, i), '[，%-]') then insert(word_division, { i, i } ) i = i + 1 elseif sub(t1, i, i) == '…' then insert(word_division, { i, i + 1 } ) i = i + 2 end insert(word_division, { i, i + index - 1 } ) i = i + index end if i - 1 ~= len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) and not find(concat(t) .. concat(s), "[⿰⿱⿲⿳⿴⿵⿶⿷⿸⿹⿺⿻]") then error("'type' parameter does not match word length.") end else for i = 1, t1_len do insert(word_division, { i, i } ) end decomposable = len(gsub(t1, '…+$', '')) > 2 and true or false end local delink = {} if args["delink"] then if args["delink"] == "y" then for del_index, _ in ipairs(word_division) do delink[del_index] = "yes" end else for position in mw.text.gsplit(args["delink"], ",") do delink[tonumber(position)] = "yes" end end end local char_set = { ['simp'] = {}, ['trad'] = {} } local identity = #s == 0 and {t} or {s,t} local uncreated = {} for _, id in ipairs(identity) do for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local char_string = "" for j = 1, #id do local word_form = sub(id[j], position[1], position[2]) if not find(char_string, word_form) then char_string = (char_string ~= "" and (char_string .. '/') or "") .. word_form end end if not find(char_string, '[，%-]') then local hash = {} for thing in mw.text.gsplit(char_string, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) do insert(hash, links.language_link{ lang = lang.getByCode("zh"), term = thing } .. asterisk(thing, true)) end char_string = concat(hash, (delink[i] and "" or "/")) end insert(char_set[id.name], char_string) end for _, item in ipairs(id) do if not (new_title(item) or {}).exists and item ~= current_title.subpageText then insert(uncreated, '"[[' .. item .. ']]"') end end end local scripts = { [m_scripts.getByCode("Hani"):getCharacters()] = "Hani" , [m_scripts.getByCode("Latn"):getCharacters()] = "Latn", ["0-9０-９"] = "Numb", [m_scripts.getByCode("Polyt"):getCharacters()] = "Grek", [m_scripts.getByCode("Bopo"):getCharacters()] = "Bopo" } local script = {} for range, script_name in pairs(scripts) do if find(t1, '[' .. range .. ']') then insert(script, script_name) end end if find(t1, "([^─…]+)%1") and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and t1_len < 7 then if gsub(comp_type or "", "1", "") == "" then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') elseif find(t1, "([^…][^…]+)%1") or find(concat(char_set['trad'], " "), "([^─…%[%]a-z]+)%1") then local evil for _, component in ipairs(char_set['trad']) do if len(component) > 1 then local comp_content = new_title(links.remove_links(component)):getContent() or false if not comp_content or find(comp_content, "|gloss=-") or not find(comp_content, "==Chinese==") then evil = true end end end if not evil then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese reduplications]]') end end end insert(annotation, #script > 1 and '[[Category:Chinese terms written in multiple scripts]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (decomposable and args['gloss'] ~= '-' and not args['note'] and not args['lit']) and '[[Category:Wt/mnc/nikan gisun with potentially decomposable titles]]' or nil) insert(annotation, (#uncreated > 0 and current_title.nsText == "") and '[[Category:Wt/mnc/nikan gisun with uncreated forms]]' .. '<small class="attentionseeking">(' .. (#uncreated == 1 and '' or '') .. '' .. (#uncreated == 1 and '' or '') .. 'hacin edelembi' .. (#uncreated == 1 and '' or '') .. ': ' .. concat(uncreated, ", ") .. '.)</small>' or nil) local ss = "" if args["ss"] then ss = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. '[[w:Second round of simplified Chinese characters|2nd round simp.]]' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ss"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local ns = "" if args["ns"] then ns = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #ffffe0)') .. 'nonstandard simp.' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, 'simp', true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { "*" .. args["ns"], tr = "-" }, current_title.subpageText) end local altforms = "" if args["alt"] then local altform_list = {} for altform in mw.text.gsplit(args["alt"], ",") do local altdecomp = mw.text.split(altform, ":") local altdecomp2 = mw.text.split(altdecomp[1], "-") local altdecomp3 = altdecomp2[2] and ' <span style="font-size:80%"><i>' .. altdecomp2[2] .. '</i></span>' or '' insert(altform_list, '<span style="white-space:nowrap;">' .. zh_link(nil, nil, { altdecomp2[1], tr = (altdecomp[2] or "-") }, current_title.subpageText) .. altdecomp3 .. '</span>') end if #altform_list > 5 then altforms = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="Chinese alternative forms">' .. '<div class="vsShow">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>", 1, 5) .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. concat(altform_list, "<br>") .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' else altforms = concat(altform_list, "<br>") end altforms = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. 'alternative forms' .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. altforms end local anagrams = "" if t1_len >= 2 and t1_len <= 5 then local function generate_anagrams(term, n, anagrams, checked) if n == 0 then local anagram = concat(term) if checked[anagram] then return end local title = new_title(anagram) if not title then return end title = title:getContent() if title and get_section(title, "Chinese", 2) then insert(anagrams, anagram) end checked[anagram] = true else for i = 1, n do generate_anagrams(term, n - 1, anagrams, checked) local i = n % 2 == 0 and i or 1 term[i], term[n] = term[n], term[i] end end return anagrams end local term, checked = explode(t1), {[t1] = true} anagrams = generate_anagrams(term, #term, {}, checked) local anagrams_num = #anagrams for i = 1, anagrams_num do anagrams[i] = "<span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. zh_link(nil, nil, {anagrams[i], tr = "-"}, current_title.subpageText) .. "</span>" end if anagrams_num == 0 then anagrams = "" else anagrams = concat(anagrams, "<br>") local label = anagrams_num == 1 and "anagram" or "anagrams" anagrams = var_fmt(t1_len, 'var(--wikt-palette-palegreen, #e2f6e2)') .. label .. sub(char_gap(t1_len, "trad", true), 1, -45) .. '; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-right: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#aaa)"' .. ' colspan="' .. #word_division .. '"|' .. anagrams end end local literal = (args["lit"] or args["note"]) and '\n|-' .. gloss_fmt(t1_len, #word_division + 2, t1_len) .. (args["lit"] and '<i>Literally:</i> “' .. args["lit"] .. (find(args["lit"], "%.$") and "”" or "”.") or args["note"]) or "" local gloss = {} if args['gloss'] == '-' then gloss = { gloss_fmt(t1_len * 1.6, #word_division, t1_len) .. '<i>phonetic</i>' } elseif t1_len == 1 then gloss = {}--{ gloss_fmt(1.6, #word_division) .. '-' } else for i, position in ipairs(word_division) do local character = sub(t1, position[1], position[2]) local gloss_text = args[1][i] -- Load glosses module if no gloss was supplied and the word is a single character. if not gloss_text and position[1] == position[2] then local glosses = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/glosses") gloss_text = glosses.glosses[character] or "" gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "{{taxlink|([^{}]+)}}", function (taxlink_text) local taxlink_args, argi = {}, 1 for arg in mw.text.gsplit(taxlink_text, "|") do local arg_split = mw.text.split(arg, "=") if arg_split[2] then taxlink_args[arg_split[1]] = arg_split[2] else taxlink_args[argi] = (arg ~= "" and arg or nil) argi = argi + 1 end end local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'taxlink', args = taxlink_args } end) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") and not find(glosses.nonlemma, character) then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found for Chinese character') end end if gloss_text == "-" then gloss_text = "''phonetic''" end if not gloss_text then gloss_text = "" end --[[ To ensure that suffixes are not broken up between lines, like this: - ist ]] if find(gloss_text, "-", nil, true) then gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "^%-", nonbreaking_hyphen) gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, "(%s)%-", "%1" .. nonbreaking_hyphen) end if gloss_text == "" and position[2] > position[1] then local content = new_title(character):getContent() or false if content then gloss_text = require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/extract").extract_gloss(content, false) if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no gloss found but entry exists') end --[[ if not string.match(content, character) then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/compounds not mentioned in derived terms on the component pages') end ]]-- else if gloss_text == "" and find(character, "^[" .. Hani_chars .. "]+$") then insert(annotation, '[[Category:Chinese redlinks/zh-forms]]') end end end gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]+;", ";") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";[^a-zA-Z0-9]*$", "") gloss_text = gsub(gloss_text, ";+", ";") if len(gsub(gloss_text, '[^;]', '')) > 2 then gloss_text = '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="glosses"><div class="vsShow">' .. match(gloss_text, '^[^;]+;[^;]+;[^;]+') .. '</div><div class="vsHide">' .. gloss_text .. '</div><span class="vsToggleElement" style="display:block;width:fit-content;margin:auto">&nbsp;</span></div>' end local word_length = match(character, '[，…%-]') and 0 or (delink[i] and len(character) or len(character) * (len(gsub(char_set['trad'][i], '[^/]', '')) + 1)) insert(gloss, gloss_fmt(word_length, 1, t1_len) .. gloss_text) end end if content then --[[ local applicable_pos = { ["Noun"] = 1, ["Verb"] = 1, ["Adjective"] = 1, ["Adverb"] = 1, ["Definitions"] = 1, ["Pronunciation"] = 1 } local previous_level = 2 local subheading_wanted ]]-- --[=[ -- Used under headers for Chinese varieties, for instance in [[āu-piah]] local Chinese_section = string.match(content, "\n==Chinese==\n(.-)\n==[^=]") if not Chinese_section then error("No Chinese section found.") end --]=] if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Definitions===") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/no definitions section found') end --[[ disable, {{zh-der}} has been deprecated so this expression will always be false if t1_len == 1 and not string.match(content, "===Compounds===") and string.match(content, "zh-der") then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('zh-forms/derived terms probably needing renaming') end ]]-- --[[ comment out relatively expensive parsing for equals, heading_text in string.gmatch(content, "\n(%=%=+)([^%=]+)%=%=+") do local current_level = #equals if subheading_wanted and current_level ~= previous_level + 1 then if applicable_pos[heading_text] then error("The heading \"===Etymology ''n''===\" or \"===Pronunciation ''n''===\" must be followed by a subheading one level lower.") end end previous_level = current_level subheading_wanted = string.find(heading_text, " [0-9]+") and true or false end ]]-- end local simp_note = "" --This is not a complete list! if #identity == 1 and find(m_data.chars_unified, '[' .. t1 .. ']') then simp_note = '^{<span class="explain" title="Using the same code point' .. (t1_len > 1 and 's' or '') .. ' as the traditional form due to Han unification. Without proper font support, it may be displayed as the same as the traditional form.">#</span>}' char_set['simp'] = char_set['trad'] end return concat{ header(t1_len, math.max(#t, #s)), concat(gloss, ""), ((#identity == 1 and simp_note == '') and (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[šolokon nikan hergen|šolokon.]] and [[largin nikan hergen|largin.]]<br>' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'both') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'both')) or var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[largin nikan hergen|largin.]] ' .. form_fmt(t, t1_len, 'trad') .. char_fmt(char_set['trad'], t1_len, 'trad') .. (var_fmt(t1_len) .. '[[šolokon nikan hergen|šolokon.]] ' .. simp_note .. form_fmt(#s == 0 and t or s, t1_len, 'simp') .. char_fmt(char_set['simp'], t1_len, 'simp')) ), ss, ns, altforms, anagrams, literal, '\n|}', concat(annotation) } end return export kaucfuhwapbm9zjri2cr5a0gpbidu55 828 3786172 7240438 2026-07-05T20:35:11Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} export.chars_variant_both = '濕溼裡裏群羣床牀衛衞污汙為爲偽僞秘祕麵麪喧諠線綫眾衆雞鷄真眞啟啓' export.chars_variant_one = '臺輓遊閒' -- result of comparing the utf32-cn.map and utf32-tw.map files that are at https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-han-sans/tree/release/Resources export.chars_unified = "⺼㑤㑦㒈㒼㓁㓲㕙㕯㕹㖗㖘㖨㖿㗛㗳㗾㙂㙇㙈㙎㙳㚚㚥㚪㚬㚰㚱㚵㚹㚼㛁㛃㛄㛅㛇㛈㛓㛔..." 7240438 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} export.chars_variant_both = '濕溼裡裏群羣床牀衛衞污汙為爲偽僞秘祕麵麪喧諠線綫眾衆雞鷄真眞啟啓' export.chars_variant_one = '臺輓遊閒' -- result of comparing the utf32-cn.map and utf32-tw.map files that are at https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-han-sans/tree/release/Resources export.chars_unified = 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return export akhi2gqxf10xv7howhdevb1lrj2hr7x 828 3786173 7240442 2026-07-05T20:37:36Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local error = error local select = select --[==[ Given a table, value and an arbitrary number of keys, will successively access subtables using each key in turn, and sets the value at the final key. For example, if {t} is { {} }, {export.setNested(t, "foo", 1, 2, 3)} will modify {t} to { {[1] = {[2] = {[3] = "foo"} } } }. If no subtable exists for a given key value, one will be created, but the function will throw an error if a non-table value is found at an intermedia..." 7240442 Scribunto text/plain local error = error local select = select --[==[ Given a table, value and an arbitrary number of keys, will successively access subtables using each key in turn, and sets the value at the final key. For example, if {t} is { {} }, {export.setNested(t, "foo", 1, 2, 3)} will modify {t} to { {[1] = {[2] = {[3] = "foo"} } } }. If no subtable exists for a given key value, one will be created, but the function will throw an error if a non-table value is found at an intermediary key. Note: the parameter order (table, value, keys) differs from functions like rawset, because the number of keys can be arbitrary. This is to avoid situations where an additional argument must be appended to arbitrary lists of variables, which can be awkward and error-prone: for example, when handling variable arguments ({...}) or function return values.]==] return function(...) local n = select("#", ...) if n < 3 then error("Must provide a table, value and at least one key.") end local t, v, k = ... for i = 4, n do local next_t = t[k] if next_t == nil then -- If there's no next table while setting nil, there's nothing more -- to do. if v == nil then return end next_t = {} t[k] = next_t end t, k = next_t, select(i, ...) end t[k] = v end 1jxfjipchypy8qfjkmtb9b9sal1bcc1 828 3786174 7240443 2026-07-05T20:38:01Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "nikan gisun." 7240443 wikitext text/x-wiki nikan gisun. oozokom498hku2htxrdcbnomqbttxkq 828 3786175 7240444 2026-07-05T20:40:08Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local error = error local select = select --[==[ Given a table and an arbitrary number of keys, will successively access subtables using each key in turn, returning the value at the final key. For example, if {t} is { {[1] = {[2] = {[3] = "foo"}}}}, {export.getNested(t, 1, 2, 3)} will return {"foo"}. If no subtable exists for a given key value, returns nil, but will throw an error if a non-table is found at an intermediary key.]==] return function(...) local n = selec..." 7240444 Scribunto text/plain local error = error local select = select --[==[ Given a table and an arbitrary number of keys, will successively access subtables using each key in turn, returning the value at the final key. For example, if {t} is { {[1] = {[2] = {[3] = "foo"}}}}, {export.getNested(t, 1, 2, 3)} will return {"foo"}. If no subtable exists for a given key value, returns nil, but will throw an error if a non-table is found at an intermediary key.]==] return function(...) local n = select("#", ...) if n < 2 then error("Must provide a table and at least one key.") end local t, k = ... for i = 3, n do local v = t[k] if v == nil then return nil end t, k = v, select(i, ...) end return t[k] end tm1q0pycz7xr0ute9n4h4yhpf1jzo33 828 3786176 7240445 2026-07-05T20:40:35Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local pcall = pcall local at_limit local function is_redirect(title) return title.isRedirect end --[==[ Returns the title object of the redirect target if title page is a redirect. Checking {title.redirectTarget} will transclude the title page, which may be undesirable when checking large numbers of titles. To avoid this, this function will attempt to check the {title.isRedirect} key first, only checking {title.redirectTarget} if it is confirmed that the title is a..." 7240445 Scribunto text/plain local pcall = pcall local at_limit local function is_redirect(title) return title.isRedirect end --[==[ Returns the title object of the redirect target if title page is a redirect. Checking {title.redirectTarget} will transclude the title page, which may be undesirable when checking large numbers of titles. To avoid this, this function will attempt to check the {title.isRedirect} key first, only checking {title.redirectTarget} if it is confirmed that the title is a redirect. However, doing so will increment the expensive function count, which has a limit of 500. Once the limit has been reached, this function reverts to checking {title.redirectTarget} directly instead. The {force_transclusion} flag may be set to force the use of transclusion ({title.redirectTarget}) in all instances, which can be used to avoid incrementing the expensive function count; this is sometimes useful when making a large number of checks, as hitting the expensive function limit can be disruptive to other modules or templates.]==] return function(title, force_transclusion) if not (force_transclusion or at_limit) then local success, result = pcall(is_redirect, title) if not success then at_limit = true elseif not result then return false end end local redirect = title.redirectTarget if not redirect then return false end -- If the original title had a fragment, carry it over to the redirect. local fragment = title.fragment if fragment and fragment ~= "" then redirect.fragment = fragment end return redirect end 0fmvtjkqug22ktp797jksqoi89g47pw 828 3786177 7240447 2026-07-05T20:42:32Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 TODO: translate 7240447 Scribunto text/plain return { ["'Are'are"] = "alu", ["A'ou"] = "aou", ["A-Hmao"] = "hmd", ["A-Pucikwar"] = "apq", ["Aari"] = "aiw", ["Aasax"] = "aas", ["Aba"] = "utp", ["Abaga"] = "abg", ["Abai"] = "poz-abi", ["Abai Sungai"] = "abf", ["Abanyom"] = "abm", ["Abau"] = "aau", ["Abaza"] = "abq", ["Abenaki"] = "abe", ["Abenlen Ayta"] = "abp", ["Abidji"] = "abi", ["Abinomn"] = "bsa", ["Abipón"] = "axb", ["Abishira"] = "ash", ["Abkhaz"] = "ab", ["Abom"] = "aob", ["Abon"] = "abo", ["Aborlan Tagbanwa"] = "tbw", ["Abu"] = "ado", ["Abu'"] = "aah", ["Abua"] = "abn", ["Abui"] = "abz", ["Abun"] = "kgr", ["Abung"] = "abl", ["Abure"] = "abu", ["Abureni"] = "mgj", ["Abé"] = "aba", ["Acatepec Me'phaa"] = "tpx", ["Acehnese"] = "ace", ["Achagua"] = "aca", ["Achang"] = "acn", ["Ache"] = "yif", ["Acheron"] = "acz", ["Achi"] = "acr", ["Acholi"] = "ach", ["Achuar"] = "acu", ["Achumawi"] = "acv", ["Aché"] = "guq", ["Acroá"] = "acs", ["Adai"] = "xad", ["Adamorobe Sign Language"] = "ads", ["Adang"] = "adn", ["Adangbe"] = "adq", ["Adangme"] = "ada", ["Adap"] = "adp", ["Adasen"] = "tiu", ["Adele"] = "ade", ["Adhola"] = "adh", ["Adi"] = "adi", ["Adioukrou"] = "adj", ["Adithinngithigh"] = "dth", ["Adivasi Odia"] = "ort", ["Adiwasi Garasia"] = "gas", ["Adnyamathanha"] = "adt", ["Adonara"] = "adr", ["Aduge"] = "adu", ["Adzera"] = "adz", ["Adûni"] = "art-adu", ["Aeka"] = "aez", ["Aekyom"] = "awi", ["Aequian"] = "xae", ["Aer"] = "aeq", ["Afade"] = "aal", ["Afar"] = "aa", ["Afghan Sign Language"] = "afg", ["Afitti"] = "aft", ["Afra"] = "ulf", ["Afrihili"] = "afh", ["Afrikaans"] = "af", ["Afro-Seminole Creole"] = "afs", ["Agarabi"] = "agd", ["Agariya"] = "agi", ["Agatu"] = "agc", ["Agavotaguerra"] = "avo", ["Agawam"] = "alg-aga", ["Aghem"] = "agq", ["Aghu"] = "ahh", ["Aghu Tharrnggala"] = "gtu", ["Aghul"] = "agx", ["Aghwan"] = "xag", ["Agi"] = "aif", ["Agob"] = "kit", ["Agoi"] = "ibm", ["Aguacateca"] = "agu", ["Aguano"] = "aga", ["Aguaruna"] = "agr", ["Aguna"] = "aug", ["Agusan Manobo"] = "msm", ["Agutaynen"] = "agn", ["Agwagwune"] = "yay", ["Ahanta"] = "aha", ["Ahirani"] = "ahr", ["Ahom"] = "aho", ["Ahtna"] = "aht", ["Ahwai"] = "nfd", ["Ai-Cham"] = "aih", ["Aighon"] = "aix", ["Aikanã"] = "tba", ["Aiklep"] = "mwg", ["Aimele"] = "ail", ["Aimol"] = "aim", ["Ainbai"] = "aic", ["Ainu"] = "ain", ["Aiome"] = "aki", ["Airoran"] = "air", ["Aisi"] = "mmq", ["Aiton"] = "aio", ["Aja (East Africa)"] = "aja", ["Aja (West Africa)"] = "ajg", ["Ajawa"] = "ajw", ["Ajië"] = "aji", ["Ak"] = "akq", ["Aka (Central Africa)"] = "axk", ["Aka (Sudan)"] = "soh", ["Aka-Bea"] = "abj", ["Aka-Bo"] = "akm", ["Aka-Cari"] = "aci", ["Aka-Kede"] = "akx", ["Aka-Kol"] = "aky", ["Aka-Kora"] = "ack", ["Akan"] = "ak", ["Akar-Bale"] = "acl", ["Akaselem"] = "aks", ["Akatek"] = "knj", ["Akawaio"] = "ake", ["Ake"] = "aik", ["Akebu"] = "keu", ["Akei"] = "tsr", ["Akeu"] = "aeu", ["Akha"] = "ahk", ["Akhvakh"] = "akv", ["Akkadian"] = "akk", ["Akkala Sami"] = "sia", ["Aklanon"] = "akl", ["Akolet"] = "akt", ["Akoose"] = "bss", ["Akoye"] = "miw", ["Akpa"] = "akf", ["Akpes"] = "ibe", ["Akrukay"] = "afi", ["Akuku"] = "ayk", ["Akum"] = "aku", ["Akuntsu"] = "aqz", ["Akurio"] = "ako", ["Akwa"] = "akw", ["Akyaung Ari"] = "nqy", ["Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language"] = "syy", ["Alaba"] = "alw", ["Alabama"] = "akz", ["Alabat Island Agta"] = "dul", ["Alacatlatzala Mixtec"] = "mim", ["Alago"] = "ala", ["Alagwa"] = "wbj", ["Alak"] = "alk", ["Alamblak"] = "amp", ["Alangan"] = "alj", ["Alanic"] = "xln", ["Alapmunte"] = "apv", ["Alas-Kluet Batak"] = "btz", ["Alawa"] = "alh", ["Alazapa"] = "nai-ala", ["Albanian"] = "sq", ["Albanian Sign Language"] = "sqk", ["Alchuka"] = "tuw-alk", ["Alcozauca Mixtec"] = "xta", ["Alege"] = "alf", ["Alekano"] = "gah", ["Alemannic German"] = "gsw", ["Aleut"] = "ale", ["Algerian Arabic"] = "arq", ["Algerian Sign Language"] = "asp", ["Algonquin"] = "alq", ["Ali"] = "aiy", ["Alladian"] = "ald", ["Allar"] = "all", ["Allentiac"] = "sai-all", ["Alngith"] = "aid", ["Alo Phola"] = "ypo", ["Alorese"] = "aol", ["Aloápam Zapotec"] = "zaq", ["Alsea"] = "aes", ["Alu"] = "mte", ["Alu Kurumba"] = "xua", ["Alugu"] = "aub", ["Alumu-Tesu"] = "aab", ["Alune"] = "alp", ["Alungul"] = "aus-alu", ["Aluo"] = "yna", ["Alur"] = "alz", ["Alutiiq"] = "ems", ["Alutor"] = "alr", ["Alviri-Vidari"] = "avd", ["Alyawarr"] = "aly", ["Ama"] = "amm", ["Amahai"] = "amq", ["Amahuaca"] = "amc", ["Amaimon"] = "ali", ["Amal"] = "aad", ["Amanab"] = "amn", ["Amanayé"] = "ama", ["Amara"] = "aie", ["Amarakaeri"] = "amr", ["Amarasi"] = "aaz", ["Amarizana"] = "awd-ama", ["Amasi"] = "alv-ama", ["Amatlán Zapotec"] = "zpo", ["Amba"] = "rwm", ["Ambai"] = "amk", ["Ambakich"] = "aew", ["Ambala Ayta"] = "abc", ["Ambelau"] = "amv", ["Ambele"] = "ael", ["Amblong"] = "alm", ["Ambo"] = "amb", ["Ambonese Malay"] = "abs", ["Ambrak"] = "aag", ["Ambul"] = "apo", ["Ambulas"] = "abt", ["Amdang"] = "amj", ["Amele"] = "aey", ["American Sign Language"] = "ase", ["Amganad Ifugao"] = "ifa", ["Amharic"] = "am", ["Ami"] = "amy", ["Amis"] = "ami", ["Ammonite"] = "sem-amm", ["Amo"] = "amo", ["Amol"] = "alx", ["Amoltepec Mixtec"] = "mbz", ["Amondawa"] = "adw", ["Amorite"] = "sem-amo", ["Ampanang"] = "apg", ["Ampari Dogon"] = "aqd", ["Amri Karbi"] = "ajz", ["Amto"] = "amt", ["Amurdag"] = "amg", ["Ana Tinga Dogon"] = "dti", ["Anaang"] = "anw", ["Anakalangu"] = "akg", ["Anam"] = "pda", ["Anambé"] = "aan", ["Anamgura"] = "imi", ["Anasi"] = "bpo", ["Anauyá"] = "awd-ana", ["Ancient Greek"] = "grc", ["Ancient Ligurian"] = "xlg", ["Ancient Macedonian"] = "xmk", ["Ancient North Arabian"] = "xna", ["Ancient Zapotec"] = "xzp", ["Andai"] = "afd", ["Andajin"] = "ajn", ["Andalusian Arabic"] = "xaa", ["Andaman Creole Hindi"] = "hca", ["Andaqui"] = "ana", ["Andarum"] = "aod", ["Andegerebinha"] = "adg", ["Andh"] = "anr", ["Andi"] = "ani", ["Andio"] = "bzb", ["Andjingith"] = "aus-and", ["Andoa"] = "anb", ["Andoque"] = "ano", ["Andoquero"] = "sai-and", ["Andra-Hus"] = "anx", ["Aneityum"] = "aty", ["Anem"] = "anz", ["Aneme Wake"] = "aby", ["Anfillo"] = "myo", ["Angaataha"] = "agm", ["Angaité"] = "aqt", ["Angal"] = "age", ["Angal Enen"] = "aoe", ["Angal Heneng"] = "akh", ["Angami"] = "njm", ["Angevin"] = "roa-ang", ["Angguruk Yali"] = "yli", ["Angika"] = "anp", ["Angkamuthi"] = "avm", ["Angkola Batak"] = "akb", ["Angkula"] = "aus-ang", ["Angloromani"] = "rme", ["Angolar"] = "aoa", ["Angor"] = "agg", ["Angoram"] = "aog", ["Angosturas Tunebo"] = "tnd", ["Anguthimri"] = "awg", ["Ani Phowa"] = "ypn", ["Anii"] = "blo", ["Animere"] = "anf", ["Anindilyakwa"] = "aoi", ["Anjam"] = "boj", ["Ankave"] = "aak", ["Anmatyerre"] = "amx", ["Annobonese"] = "fab", ["Anong"] = "nun", ["Anor"] = "anj", ["Anserma"] = "ans", ["Ansus"] = "and", ["Antakarinya"] = "ant", ["Antigua and Barbuda Creole English"] = "aig", ["Antillean Creole"] = "gcf", ["Anu"] = "anl", ["Anuak"] = "anu", ["Anufo"] = "cko", ["Anuki"] = "aui", ["Anus"] = "auq", ["Anuta"] = "aud", ["Anyi"] = "any", ["Anyin Morofo"] = "mtb", ["Anāl"] = "anm", ["Aoheng"] = "pni", ["Aore"] = "aor", ["Ap Ma"] = "kbx", ["Apabhramsa"] = "inc-apa", ["Apalachee"] = "xap", ["Apalaí"] = "apy", ["Apali"] = "ena", ["Apasco-Apoala Mixtec"] = "mip", ["Apatani"] = "apt", ["Apiaká"] = "api", ["Apinayé"] = "apn", ["Apma"] = "app", ["Apolista"] = "awd-apo", ["Apro"] = "ahp", ["Apurinã"] = "apu", ["Apurucayali Ashéninka"] = "cpc", ["Aputai"] = "apx", ["Arabana"] = "ard", ["Arabela"] = "arl", ["Arabic"] = "ar", ["Aragonese"] = "an", ["Araki"] = "akr", ["Arakwal"] = "rkw", ["Aralle-Tabulahan"] = "atq", ["Aramaic"] = "arc", ["Arammba"] = "stk", ["Aranadan"] = "aaf", ["Aranama-Tamique"] = "xrt", ["Arandai"] = "jbj", ["Araona"] = "aro", ["Arapaho"] = "arp", ["Arapaso"] = "arj", ["Arara-Karo"] = "arr", ["Ararandewára"] = "xaj", ["Araweté"] = "awt", ["Arawum"] = "awm", ["Arbore"] = "arv", ["Archi"] = "aqc", ["Are"] = "mwc", ["Areba"] = "aea", ["Arem"] = "aem", ["Argentine Sign Language"] = "aed", ["Argobba"] = "agj", ["Arguni"] = "agf", ["Arhuaco"] = "arh", ["Arhâ"] = "aqr", ["Arhö"] = "aok", ["Ari"] = "aac", ["Aribwatsa"] = "laz", ["Aribwaung"] = "ylu", ["Arifama-Miniafia"] = "aai", ["Arigidi"] = "aqg", ["Arikapú"] = "ark", ["Arikara"] = "ari", ["Arikem"] = "ait", ["Arin"] = "xrn", ["Aringa"] = "luc", ["Armazic"] = "xrm", ["Armenian"] = "hy", ["Armenian Sign Language"] = "aen", ["Aromanian"] = "rup", ["Arop-Lokep"] = "apr", ["Arop-Sissano"] = "aps", ["Arosi"] = "aia", ["Arritinngithigh"] = "rrt", ["Arta"] = "atz", ["Arua"] = "aru", ["Aruamu"] = "msy", ["Aruek"] = "aur", ["Aruop"] = "lsr", ["Arutani"] = "atx", ["Aruá"] = "arx", ["Arára (Mato Grosso)"] = "axg", ["Arára (Pará)"] = "aap", ["As"] = "asz", ["Asaba"] = "seo", ["Asaro'o"] = "mtv", ["Ashe"] = "ahs", ["Ashkun"] = "ask", ["Asho Chin"] = "csh", ["Ashokan Prakrit"] = "inc-ash", ["Ashraaf"] = "cus-ash", ["Asháninka"] = "cni", ["Asi"] = "bno", ["Asilulu"] = "asl", ["Askopan"] = "eiv", ["Asoa"] = "asv", ["Assamese"] = "as", ["Assan"] = "xss", ["Assangori"] = "sjg", ["Assiniboine"] = "asb", ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic"] = "aii", ["Asturian"] = "ast", ["Asu"] = "aum", ["Asue Awyu"] = "psa", ["Asumboa"] = "aua", ["Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec"] = "zoo", ["Asuri"] = "asr", ["Ata"] = "atm", ["Ata Manobo"] = "atd", ["Atakapa"] = "aqp", ["Atampaya"] = "amz", ["Atanques"] = "cba-ata", ["Atatláhuca Mixtec"] = "mib", ["Atauran"] = "adb", ["Atayal"] = "tay", ["Atemble"] = "ate", ["Ateso"] = "teo", ["Athpare"] = "aph", ["Ati"] = "atk", ["Atikamekw"] = "atj", ["Atohwaim"] = "aqm", ["Atong (Cameroon)"] = "ato", ["Atong (India)"] = "aot", ["Atorada"] = "aox", ["Atsahuaca"] = "atc", ["Atsam"] = "cch", ["Atsugewi"] = "atw", ["Attapady Kurumba"] = "pkr", ["Attié"] = "ati", ["Au"] = "avt", ["Auhelawa"] = "kud", ["Aukan"] = "djk", ["Aulua"] = "aul", ["Aurá"] = "aux", ["Aushi"] = "auh", ["Aushiri"] = "avs", ["Auslan"] = "asf", ["Austral"] = "aut", ["Australian Aboriginal Sign Language"] = "asw", ["Australian Kriol"] = "rop", ["Austrian Sign Language"] = "asq", ["Auwe"] = "smf", ["Auyana"] = "auy", ["Auye"] = "auu", ["Auyokawa"] = "auo", ["Avar"] = "av", ["Avatime"] = "avn", ["Avau"] = "avb", ["Avava"] = "tmb", ["Avestan"] = "ae", ["Avikam"] = "avi", ["Avokaya"] = "avu", ["Avá-Canoeiro"] = "avv", ["Awa (China)"] = "vwa", ["Awa (New Guinea)"] = "awb", ["Awa-Cuaiquer"] = "kwi", ["Awabakal"] = "awk", ["Awadhi"] = "awa", ["Awak"] = "awo", ["Awar"] = "aya", ["Awara"] = "awx", ["Awbono"] = "awh", ["Aweer"] = "bob", ["Awera"] = "awr", ["Awetí"] = "awe", ["Awing"] = "azo", ["Awjila"] = "auj", ["Awngi"] = "awn", ["Awngthim"] = "gwm", ["Awtuw"] = "kmn", ["Awun"] = "aww", ["Awutu"] = "afu", ["Awyi"] = "auw", ["Axamb"] = "ahb", ["Axi"] = "yix", ["Ayabadhu"] = "ayd", ["Ayautla Mazatec"] = "vmy", ["Ayere"] = "aye", ["Ayerrerenge"] = "axe", ["Ayi"] = "ayq", ["Ayizi"] = "yyz", ["Ayizo"] = "ayb", ["Aymara"] = "ay", ["Ayomán"] = "sai-ayo", ["Ayoquesco Zapotec"] = "zaf", ["Ayoreo"] = "ayo", ["Ayu"] = "ayu", ["Ayutla Mixtec"] = "miy", ["Azerbaijani"] = "az", ["Azha"] = "aza", ["Azhe"] = "yiz", ["Azoyú Me'phaa"] = "tpc", ["Baa"] = "kwb", ["Baagandji"] = "drl", ["Baan"] = "bvj", ["Baangi"] = "bqx", ["Baatonum"] = "bba", ["Baba"] = "bbw", ["Baba Malay"] = "mbf", ["Babango"] = "bbm", ["Babanki"] = "bbk", ["Babatana"] = "baa", ["Babine-Witsuwit'en"] = "bcr", ["Babole"] = "bvx", ["Babungo"] = "bav", ["Babuza"] = "bzg", ["Bacama"] = "bcy", ["Bacanese Malay"] = "btj", ["Bactrian"] = "xbc", ["Bada"] = "bhz", ["Badaga"] = "bfq", ["Badanchi"] = "bau", ["Bade"] = "bde", ["Badeshi"] = "bdz", ["Badimaya"] = "bia", ["Badjiri"] = "jbi", ["Baduy"] = "bac", ["Badyara"] = "pbp", ["Baeggu"] = "bvd", ["Baekje"] = "pkc", ["Baelelea"] = "bvc", ["Baenan"] = "sai-bae", ["Baetora"] = "btr", ["Bafanji"] = "bfj", ["Bafaw"] = "bwt", ["Bafia"] = "ksf", ["Bafut"] = "bfd", ["Baga Kaloum"] = "bqf", ["Baga Koga"] = "bgo", ["Baga Manduri"] = "bmd", ["Baga Pokur"] = "bcg", ["Baga Sitemu"] = "bsp", ["Baga Sobané"] = "bsv", ["Bagheli"] = "bfy", ["Bagirmi"] = "bmi", ["Bago-Kusuntu"] = "bqg", ["Bagri"] = "bgq", ["Bagua"] = "sai-bag", ["Bagupi"] = "bpi", ["Bagusa"] = "bqb", ["Bagvalal"] = "kva", ["Baha"] = "yha", ["Baham"] = "bdw", ["Bahamian Creole"] = "bah", ["Baharna Arabic"] = "abv", ["Bahau"] = "bhv", ["Bahinemo"] = "bjh", ["Bahing"] = "bhj", ["Bahnar"] = "bdq", ["Bahonsuai"] = "bsu", ["Bai (South Sudan)"] = "bdj", ["Baibai"] = "bbf", ["Baikeno"] = "bkx", ["Bailang"] = "tbq-blg", ["Baima"] = "bqh", ["Baimak"] = "bmx", ["Bainouk Gubeeher"] = "alv-bgu", ["Bainouk-Gunyaamolo"] = "bcz", ["Bainouk-Gunyuño"] = "bab", ["Bainouk-Samik"] = "bcb", ["Baiso"] = "bsw", ["Baissa Fali"] = "fah", ["Bajan"] = "bjs", ["Bajelani"] = "bjm", ["Bajjika"] = "vjk", ["Baka"] = "bkc", ["Bakairí"] = "bkq", ["Bakaka"] = "bqz", ["Bakhtiari"] = "bqi", ["Baki"] = "bki", ["Bakoko"] = "bkh", ["Bakole"] = "kme", ["Bakpinka"] = "bbs", ["Bakulung"] = "bbu", ["Bakumpai"] = "bkr", ["Bakung"] = "xkl", ["Bakwé"] = "bjw", ["Bala"] = "tuw-bal", ["Balaesang"] = "bls", ["Balangao"] = "blw", ["Balangingi"] = "sse", ["Balanta-Ganja"] = "bjt", ["Balanta-Kentohe"] = "ble", ["Balantak"] = "blz", ["Balau"] = "blg", ["Baldemu"] = "bdn", ["Bali"] = "bcp", ["Baliledo"] = "poz-bal", ["Balinese"] = "ban", ["Balinese Malay"] = "mhp", ["Balkan Gagauz Turkish"] = "bgx", ["Balkan Romani"] = "rmn", ["Balo"] = "bqo", ["Baloi"] = "biz", ["Balong"] = "bnt-bal", ["Balti"] = "bft", ["Baltic Romani"] = "rml", ["Baluan-Pam"] = "blq", ["Baluchi"] = "bal", ["Bamako Sign Language"] = "bog", ["Bamali"] = "bbq", ["Bambalang"] = "bmo", ["Bambam"] = "ptu", ["Bambara"] = "bm", ["Bambassi"] = "myf", ["Bambili-Bambui"] = "baw", ["Bamenyam"] = "bce", ["Bamu"] = "bcf", ["Bamukumbit"] = "bqt", ["Bamum"] = "bax", ["Bamunka"] = "bvm", ["Bamwe"] = "bmg", ["Ban Khor Sign Language"] = "bfk", ["Bana"] = "bcw", ["Banao Itneg"] = "bjx", ["Banaro"] = "byz", ["Banda"] = "bnd", ["Banda Malay"] = "bpq", ["Banda-Bambari"] = "liy", ["Banda-Banda"] = "bpd", ["Banda-Mbrès"] = "bqk", ["Banda-Ndélé"] = "bfl", ["Banda-Yangere"] = "yaj", ["Bandi"] = "bza", ["Bandial"] = "bqj", ["Bandjalang"] = "bdy", ["Bangala"] = "bxg", ["Bangandu"] = "bgf", ["Bangba"] = "bbe", ["Banggai"] = "bgz", ["Bangi"] = "bni", ["Bangime"] = "dba", ["Bangka"] = "mfb", ["Bangolan"] = "bgj", ["Bangru"] = "sit-ban", ["Bangubangu"] = "bnx", ["Bangwinji"] = "bsj", ["Baniva"] = "bvv", ["Baniwa"] = "bwi", ["Banjarese"] = "bjn", ["Banka"] = "bxw", ["Bankan Tey Dogon"] = "dbw", ["Bankon"] = "abb", ["Banoni"] = "bcm", ["Bantawa"] = "bap", ["Bantayanon"] = "bfx", ["Bantik"] = "bnq", ["Banyumasan"] = "map-bms", ["Baoule"] = "bci", ["Baraamu"] = "brd", ["Barai"] = "bbb", ["Barakai"] = "baj", ["Baram Kayan"] = "kys", ["Barama"] = "bbg", ["Barambu"] = "brm", ["Baramu"] = "bmz", ["Barapasi"] = "brp", ["Baras"] = "brs", ["Barasana"] = "bsn", ["Barbareño"] = "boi", ["Barclayville Grebo"] = "gry", ["Bardi"] = "bcj", ["Barein"] = "bva", ["Bargam"] = "mlp", ["Bari"] = "bfa", ["Bariai"] = "bch", ["Bariji"] = "bjc", ["Barikanchi"] = "bxo", ["Barikewa"] = "jbk", ["Barngarla"] = "bjb", ["Barok"] = "bjk", ["Barombi"] = "bbi", ["Barranbinya"] = "aus-bra", ["Barro Negro Tunebo"] = "tbn", ["Barrow Point"] = "bpt", ["Baruga"] = "bjz", ["Barunggam"] = "aus-brm", ["Baruya"] = "byr", ["Barwe"] = "bwg", ["Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic"] = "bjf", ["Baré"] = "bae", ["Barí"] = "mot", ["Basa"] = "bzw", ["Basa-Gumna"] = "bsl", ["Basa-Gurmana"] = "buj", ["Basaa"] = "bas", ["Basap"] = "bdb", ["Basay"] = "byq", ["Bashkardi"] = "bsg", ["Bashkir"] = "ba", ["Basketo"] = "bst", ["Basque"] = "eu", ["Basque-Icelandic Pidgin"] = "crp-bip", ["Bassa"] = "bsq", ["Bassa-Kontagora"] = "bsr", ["Bassari"] = "bsc", ["Bassossi"] = "bsi", ["Bata"] = "bta", ["Bataan Ayta"] = "ayt", ["Batad Ifugao"] = "ifb", ["Batanga"] = "bnm", ["Batek"] = "btq", ["Bateri"] = "btv", ["Bathari"] = "bhm", ["Bati (Cameroon)"] = "btc", ["Bati (Indonesia)"] = "bvt", ["Bats"] = "bbl", ["Batu"] = "btu", ["Batui"] = "zbt", ["Batuley"] = "bay", ["Bau"] = "bbd", ["Bau Bidayuh"] = "sne", ["Bauchi"] = "bsf", ["Bauni"] = "bpe", ["Baure"] = "brg", ["Bauria"] = "bge", ["Bauro"] = "bxa", ["Bauwaki"] = "bwk", ["Bauzi"] = "bvz", ["Bavarian"] = "bar", ["Bawm Chin"] = "bgr", ["Bay Miwok"] = "mkq", ["Bayali"] = "bjy", ["Baybayanon"] = "bvy", ["Baygo"] = "byg", ["Bayogoula"] = "nai-bay", ["Bayono"] = "byl", ["Bayot"] = "bda", ["Bayungu"] = "bxj", ["Bazigar"] = "bfr", ["Beami"] = "beo", ["Beary"] = "dra-bry", ["Beaver"] = "bea", ["Beba"] = "bfp", ["Bebe"] = "bzv", ["Bebele"] = "beb", ["Bebeli"] = "bek", ["Bebil"] = "bxp", ["Bedik"] = "tnr", ["Bedjond"] = "bjv", ["Bedoanas"] = "bed", ["Beeke"] = "bkf", ["Beele"] = "bxq", ["Beembe"] = "beq", ["Beezen"] = "bnz", ["Befang"] = "bby", ["Begbere-Ejar"] = "bqv", ["Beja"] = "bej", ["Bekati'"] = "bei", ["Bekwarra"] = "bkv", ["Bekwel"] = "bkw", ["Belait"] = "beg", ["Belanda Bor"] = "bxb", ["Belanda Viri"] = "bvi", ["Belarusian"] = "be", ["Belhariya"] = "byw", ["Beli (New Guinea)"] = "bey", ["Beli (South Sudan)"] = "blm", ["Belizean Creole"] = "bzj", ["Bella Coola"] = "blc", ["Bellari"] = "brw", ["Belter Creole"] = "art-bel", ["Bemba"] = "bem", ["Bembe"] = "bmb", ["Ben Tey"] = "dbt", ["Bena"] = "yun", ["Benabena"] = "bef", ["Bench"] = "bcq", ["Bende"] = "bdp", ["Bendi"] = "bct", ["Beneraf"] = "bnv", ["Beng"] = "nhb", ["Benga"] = "bng", ["Bengali"] = "bn", ["Benggoi"] = "bgy", ["Bengkala Sign Language"] = "bqy", ["Bentong"] = "bnu", ["Benyadu'"] = "byd", ["Beothuk"] = "bue", ["Bepour"] = "bie", ["Bera"] = "brf", ["Berakou"] = "bxv", ["Berau Malay"] = "bve", ["Berawan"] = "lod", ["Berbice Creole Dutch"] = "brc", ["Bergish"] = "gmw-bgh", ["Berik"] = "bkl", ["Berinomo"] = "bit", ["Berom"] = "bom", ["Berta"] = "wti", ["Berti"] = "byt", ["Besisi"] = "mhe", ["Besme"] = "bes", ["Besoa"] = "bep", ["Betaf"] = "bfe", ["Betawi"] = "bew", ["Bete"] = "byf", ["Bete-Bendi"] = "btt", ["Betoi"] = "sai-bet", ["Betta Kurumba"] = "xub", ["Bezhta"] = "kap", ["Bhadrawahi"] = "bhd", ["Bhalay"] = "bhx", ["Bharia"] = "bha", ["Bhatri"] = "bgw", ["Bhattiyali"] = "bht", ["Bhaya"] = "bhe", ["Bhele"] = "bhy", ["Bhilali"] = "bhi", ["Bhili"] = "bhb", ["Bhojpuri"] = "bho", ["Bhoti Kinnauri"] = "nes", ["Bhunjia"] = "bhu", ["Biafada"] = "bif", ["Biage"] = "bdf", ["Biak"] = "bhw", ["Biali"] = "beh", ["Bian Marind"] = "bpv", ["Biangai"] = "big", ["Biao"] = "byk", ["Biao Mon"] = "bmt", ["Biao-Jiao Mien"] = "bje", ["Biatah Bidayuh"] = "bth", ["Bibaali"] = "bcn", ["Bibbulman"] = "xbp", ["Bidiyo"] = "bid", ["Bidyara"] = "bym", ["Bidyogo"] = "bjg", ["Biem"] = "bmc", ["Bierebo"] = "bnk", ["Bieria"] = "brj", ["Biete"] = "biu", ["Big Nambas"] = "nmb", ["Biga"] = "bhc", ["Bigambal"] = "xbe", ["Bih"] = "ibh", ["Bihari"] = "bh", ["Bijori"] = "bix", ["Bikya"] = "byb", ["Bila"] = "bip", ["Bilaspuri"] = "kfs", ["Bilba"] = "bpz", ["Bilbil"] = "brz", ["Bile"] = "bil", ["Biliau"] = "bcu", ["Biloxi"] = "bll", ["Bilua"] = "blb", ["Bilur"] = "bxf", ["Bima"] = "bhp", ["Bimin"] = "bhl", ["Bimoba"] = "bim", ["Bina"] = "bmn", ["Binahari"] = "bxz", ["Binandere"] = "bhg", ["Binawa"] = "byj", ["Bindal"] = "xbd", ["Bine"] = "bon", ["Binji"] = "bpj", ["Binongan Itneg"] = "itb", ["Bintauna"] = "bne", ["Bintulu"] = "bny", ["Binukid"] = "bkd", ["Binumarien"] = "bjr", ["Bipi"] = "biq", ["Birao"] = "brr", ["Birgid"] = "brk", ["Birgit"] = "btf", ["Birhor"] = "biy", ["Biri"] = "bzr", ["Biritai"] = "bqq", ["Birri"] = "bvq", ["Birrpayi"] = "xbj", ["Birwa"] = "brl", ["Biseni"] = "ije", ["Bishnupriya Manipuri"] = "bpy", ["Bishuo"] = "bwh", ["Bisis"] = "bnw", ["Bislama"] = "bi", ["Bisorio"] = "bir", ["Bissa"] = "bib", ["Bisu"] = "bzi", ["Bit"] = "bgk", ["Bitare"] = "brt", ["Bitur"] = "mcc", ["Biwat"] = "bwm", ["Biyo"] = "byo", ["Biyom"] = "bpm", ["Blablanga"] = "blp", ["Black Speech"] = "art-bsp", ["Blackfoot"] = "bla", ["Blafe"] = "bfh", ["Blagar"] = "beu", ["Blang"] = "blr", ["Blin"] = "byn", ["Bo"] = "bgl", ["Bo-Rukul"] = "mae", ["Bo-Ung"] = "mux", ["Boano (Maluku)"] = "bzn", ["Boano (Sulawesi)"] = "bzl", ["Bobongko"] = "bgb", ["Bobot"] = "bty", ["Bodo (Central Africa)"] = "boy", ["Bodo (India)"] = "brx", ["Bodo Gadaba"] = "gbj", ["Bodo Parja"] = "bdv", ["Bofi"] = "bff", ["Boga"] = "bvw", ["Bogaya"] = "boq", ["Boghom"] = "bux", ["Boguru"] = "bqu", ["Bohtan Neo-Aramaic"] = "bhn", ["Boikin"] = "bzf", ["Bokar"] = "sit-bok", ["Bokha"] = "ybk", ["Boko"] = "bqc", ["Bokobaru"] = "bus", ["Bokoto"] = "bdt", ["Bokyi"] = "bky", ["Bola"] = "bnp", ["Bolak"] = "art-blk", ["Bolango"] = "bld", ["Bole"] = "bol", ["Bolgo"] = "bvo", ["Bolia"] = "bli", ["Bolinao"] = "smk", ["Bolivian Sign Language"] = "bvl", ["Boloki"] = "bkt", ["Bolon"] = "bof", ["Bolondo"] = "bzm", ["Bolyu"] = "ply", ["Bom"] = "bmf", ["Boma Nkuu"] = "bnt-bon", ["Boma Yumu"] = "bnt-boy", ["Bomboli"] = "bml", ["Bomboma"] = "bws", ["Bomitaba"] = "zmx", ["Bomu"] = "bmq", ["Bomwali"] = "bmw", ["Bon Gula"] = "glc", ["Bonan"] = "peh", ["Bondei"] = "bou", ["Bondo"] = "bfw", ["Bondoukou Kulango"] = "kzc", ["Bondum Dom Dogon"] = "dbu", ["Bonerate"] = "bna", ["Bonggi"] = "bdg", ["Bonggo"] = "bpg", ["Bongili"] = "bui", ["Bongo"] = "bot", ["Bongu"] = "bpu", ["Bonjo"] = "bok", ["Bonkeng"] = "bvg", ["Bonkiman"] = "bop", ["Bookan"] = "bnb", ["Boon"] = "bnl", ["Boor"] = "bvf", ["Bora"] = "boa", ["Border Kuna"] = "kvn", ["Borei"] = "gai", ["Boro"] = "xxb", ["Borong"] = "ksr", ["Boruca"] = "brn", ["Borôro"] = "bor", ["Boselewa"] = "bwf", ["Bosngun"] = "bqs", ["Bote-Majhi"] = "bmj", ["Botlikh"] = "bph", ["Botolan Sambal"] = "sbl", ["Bouna Kulango"] = "nku", ["Bouni"] = "suo", ["Bourbonnais-Berrichon"] = "roa-bbn", ["Bourguignon"] = "roa-brg", ["Bouyei"] = "pcc", ["Bozaba"] = "bzo", ["Bragat"] = "aof", ["Brahui"] = "brh", ["Braj"] = "bra", ["Brazilian Sign Language"] = "bzs", ["Brek Karen"] = "kvl", ["Brem"] = "buq", ["Breri"] = "brq", ["Breton"] = "br", ["Bribri"] = "bzd", ["British Sign Language"] = "bfi", ["Brokkat"] = "bro", ["Brokpake"] = "sgt", ["Brokskat"] = "bkk", ["Brooke's Point Palawano"] = "plw", ["Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin"] = "bpl", ["Brunei Bisaya"] = "bsb", ["Brunei Malay"] = "kxd", ["Bruny Island"] = "xpz", ["Bu"] = "jid", ["Bu-Nao Bunu"] = "bwx", ["Bua"] = "bub", ["Bualkhaw Chin"] = "cbl", ["Buamu"] = "box", ["Bube"] = "bvb", ["Bubi"] = "buw", ["Bubia"] = "bbx", ["Budeh Stieng"] = "stt", ["Budibud"] = "btp", ["Budong-Budong"] = "bdx", ["Budu"] = "buu", ["Budukh"] = "bdk", ["Buduma"] = "bdm", ["Budza"] = "bja", ["Buena Vista Yokuts"] = "yok-bvy", ["Bugan"] = "bbh", ["Bughotu"] = "bgt", ["Buginese"] = "bug", ["Buglere"] = "sab", ["Bugun"] = "bgg", ["Buhi'non Bikol"] = "ubl", ["Buhid"] = "bku", ["Buhutu"] = "bxh", ["Bujhyal"] = "byh", ["Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh"] = "sdo", ["Bukat"] = "bvk", ["Bukawa"] = "buk", ["Bukhari"] = "bhh", ["Bukit Malay"] = "bvu", ["Bukitan"] = "bkn", ["Bukiyip"] = "ape", ["Buksa"] = "tkb", ["Bukusu"] = "bxk", ["Bulgar"] = "xbo", ["Bulgarian"] = "bg", ["Bulgarian Sign Language"] = "bqn", ["Bulgebi"] = "bmp", ["Buli (Ghana)"] = "bwu", ["Buli (Indonesia)"] = "bzq", ["Bulo Stieng"] = "sti", ["Bulu (Cameroon)"] = "bum", ["Bulu (New Guinea)"] = "bjl", ["Bulungan"] = "blj", ["Bum"] = "bmv", ["Bumaji"] = "byp", ["Bumang"] = "bvp", ["Bumbita Arapesh"] = "aon", ["Bumthangkha"] = "kjz", ["Bun"] = "buv", ["Buna"] = "bvn", ["Bunaba"] = "bck", ["Bunak"] = "bfn", ["Bunama"] = "bdd", ["Bundeli"] = "bns", ["Bung"] = "bqd", ["Bungain"] = "but", ["Bunganditj"] = "xbg", ["Bungku"] = "bkz", ["Bungu"] = "wun", ["Bunoge"] = "dgb", ["Bunun"] = "bnn", ["Buol"] = "blf", ["Bura"] = "bwr", ["Bura Mabang"] = "mde", ["Burak"] = "bys", ["Buraka"] = "bkg", ["Burarra"] = "bvr", ["Burate"] = "bti", ["Burduna"] = "bxn", ["Bure"] = "bvh", ["Burgundian"] = "gme-bur", ["Burji"] = "bji", ["Burmbar"] = "vrt", ["Burmese"] = "my", ["Burmeso"] = "bzu", ["Buru (Indonesia)"] = "mhs", ["Buru (Nigeria)"] = "bqw", ["Burui"] = "bry", ["Burumakok"] = "aip", ["Burun"] = "bdi", ["Burundian Sign Language"] = "lsb", ["Burunge"] = "bds", ["Burushaski"] = "bsk", ["Burusu"] = "bqr", ["Buruwai"] = "asi", ["Buryat"] = "bua", ["Busa"] = "bqp", ["Busam"] = "bxs", ["Busami"] = "bsm", ["Busang Kayan"] = "bfg", ["Bushoong"] = "buf", ["Buso"] = "bso", ["Busoa"] = "bup", ["Bussa"] = "dox", ["Busuu"] = "bju", ["Butbut Kalinga"] = "kyb", ["Butchulla"] = "xby", ["Butmas-Tur"] = "bnr", ["Butuanon"] = "btw", ["Buwal"] = "bhs", ["Buyeo"] = "xpy", ["Buyu"] = "byi", ["Buyuan Jino"] = "jiy", ["Bwa"] = "bww", ["Bwaidoka"] = "bwd", ["Bwala"] = "bnt-bwa", ["Bwanabwana"] = "tte", ["Bwatoo"] = "bwa", ["Bwe Karen"] = "bwe", ["Bwela"] = "bwl", ["Bwile"] = "bwc", ["Bwisi"] = "bwz", ["Byangsi"] = "bee", ["Byep"] = "mkk", ["Bädi Kanum"] = "khd", ["Caac"] = "msq", ["Cabiyarí"] = "cbb", ["Cabre"] = "awd-cab", ["Cabécar"] = "cjp", ["Cacaloxtepec Mixtec"] = "miu", ["Cacaopera"] = "ccr", ["Cacgia Roglai"] = "roc", ["Cacua"] = "cbv", ["Cacán"] = "sai-cac", ["Caddo"] = "cad", ["Cafundó"] = "ccd", ["Cahuarano"] = "cah", ["Cahuilla"] = "chl", ["Caijia"] = "sit-cai", ["Cajonos Zapotec"] = "zad", ["Caka"] = "ckx", ["Cakfem-Mushere"] = "cky", ["Calabrian Greek"] = "grk-cal", ["Calamian Tagbanwa"] = "tbk", ["Calusa"] = "nai-cal", ["Caluyanun"] = "clu", ["Caló"] = "rmq", ["Camarines Norte Agta"] = "abd", ["Cambodian Sign Language"] = "csx", ["Cameroon Mambila"] = "mcu", ["Cameroon Pidgin"] = "wes", ["Campalagian"] = "cml", ["Camsá"] = "kbh", ["Camtho"] = "cmt", ["Camunic"] = "xcc", ["Candoshi-Shapra"] = "cbu", ["Canela"] = "ram", ["Canichana"] = "caz", ["Cantabrian"] = "roa-can", ["Cantonese"] = "yue", ["Cao Miao"] = "cov", ["Caolan"] = "mlc", ["Capanahua"] = "kaq", ["Capiznon"] = "cps", ["Cappadocian Greek"] = "cpg", ["Caquinte"] = "cot", ["Car Nicobarese"] = "caq", ["Cara"] = "cfd", ["Carabayo"] = "cby", ["Caramanta"] = "crf", ["Caranqui"] = "sai-caq", ["Carapana"] = "cbc", ["Carian"] = "xcr", ["Cariay"] = "awd-kar", ["Caribbean Hindustani"] = "hns", ["Caribbean Javanese"] = "jvn", ["Carijona"] = "cbd", ["Carolina Algonquian"] = "crr", ["Carolinian"] = "cal", ["Carpathian Romani"] = "rmc", ["Carpathian Rusyn"] = "rue", ["Carrier"] = "crx", ["Cashibo-Cacataibo"] = "cbr", ["Cashinahua"] = "cbs", ["Casiguran Dumagat Agta"] = "dgc", ["Casuarina Coast Asmat"] = "asc", ["Catacao"] = "sai-cat", ["Catalan"] = "ca", ["Catalan Sign Language"] = "csc", ["Catawba"] = "chc", ["Catuquinaru"] = "sai-ctq", ["Catío Chibcha"] = "cba-cat", ["Cavineña"] = "cav", ["Cayubaba"] = "cyb", ["Cayuga"] = "cay", ["Cayuse"] = "xcy", ["Cazcan"] = "azc-caz", ["Cañari"] = "sai-cnr", ["Cebaara"] = "sef", ["Cebuano"] = "ceb", ["Celtiberian"] = "xce", ["Cen"] = "cen", ["Central Asmat"] = "cns", ["Central Atlas Tamazight"] = "tzm", ["Central Awyu"] = "awu", ["Central Bai"] = "bca", ["Central Bikol"] = "bcl", ["Central Bontoc"] = "lbk", ["Central Cagayan Agta"] = "agt", ["Central Dusun"] = "dtp", ["Central Franconian"] = "gmw-cfr", ["Central Grebo"] = "grv", ["Central Huasteca Nahuatl"] = "nch", ["Central Huishui Hmong"] = "hmc", ["Central Kurdish"] = "ckb", ["Central Mahuatlán Zapotec"] = "zam", ["Central Malay"] = "pse", ["Central Mansi"] = "mns-cen", ["Central Masela"] = "mxz", ["Central Mashan Hmong"] = "hmm", ["Central Mazahua"] = "maz", ["Central Melanau"] = "mel", ["Central Min"] = "czo", ["Central Mnong"] = "cmo", ["Central Nahuatl"] = "nhn", ["Central Nicobarese"] = "ncb", ["Central Ojibwa"] = "ojc", ["Central Palawano"] = "plc", ["Central Pame"] = "pbs", ["Central Pomo"] = "poo", ["Central Puebla Nahuatl"] = "ncx", ["Central Sama"] = "sml", ["Central Siberian Yupik"] = "ess", ["Central Sierra Miwok"] = "csm", ["Central Subanen"] = "syb", ["Central Tagbanwa"] = "tgt", ["Central Tarahumara"] = "tar", ["Central Teke"] = "nzu", ["Central Tunebo"] = "tuf", ["Centúúm"] = "cet", ["Cerma"] = "cme", ["Ch'olti'"] = "myn-chl", ["Ch'orti'"] = "caa", ["Chaap Wuurong"] = "tjw", ["Chachi"] = "cbi", ["Chadian Arabic"] = "shu", ["Chadian Sign Language"] = "cds", ["Chadong"] = "cdy", ["Chagatai"] = "chg", ["Chaha"] = "sem-cha", ["Chaima"] = "ciy", ["Chairel"] = "sit-cha", ["Chak"] = "ckh", ["Chakali"] = "cli", ["Chakma"] = "ccp", ["Chala"] = "cll", ["Chaldean Neo-Aramaic"] = "cld", ["Chali"] = "tgf", ["Chamacoco"] = "ceg", ["Chamalal"] = "cji", ["Chamba Daka"] = "ccg", ["Chamba Leko"] = "ndi", ["Chambeali"] = "cdh", ["Chambri"] = "can", ["Chamicuro"] = "ccc", ["Chamling"] = "rab", ["Chamorro"] = "ch", ["Champenois"] = "roa-cha", ["Chang"] = "nbc", ["Changriwa"] = "cga", ["Changthang"] = "cna", ["Chantyal"] = "chx", ["Chaná"] = "sai-chn", ["Chané"] = "caj", ["Chapacura"] = "sai-chp", ["Chara"] = "cra", ["Charrua"] = "sai-chr", ["Chaudangsi"] = "cdn", ["Chaura"] = "crv", ["Chavacano"] = "cbk", ["Chayahuita"] = "cbt", ["Chayuco Mixtec"] = "mih", ["Chazumba Mixtec"] = "xtb", ["Che"] = "ruk", ["Chechen"] = "ce", ["Cheke Holo"] = "mrn", ["Chemakum"] = "xch", ["Chenapian"] = "cjn", ["Chenchu"] = "cde", ["Chenoua"] = "cnu", ["Chepang"] = "cdm", ["Chepya"] = "ycp", ["Cherepon"] = "cpn", ["Cherokee"] = "chr", ["Chesu"] = "ych", ["Chetco-Tolowa"] = "ctc", ["Chewong"] = "cwg", ["Cheyenne"] = "chy", ["Chhattisgarhi"] = "hne", ["Chhintange"] = "ctn", ["Chhulung"] = "cur", ["Chiangmai Sign Language"] = "csd", ["Chiapanec"] = "cip", ["Chibcha"] = "chb", ["Chicahuaxtla Triqui"] = "trs", ["Chichewa"] = "ny", ["Chichicapan Zapotec"] = "zpv", ["Chichimeca-Jonaz"] = "pei", ["Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma"] = "coh", ["Chickasaw"] = "cic", ["Chicomuceltec"] = "cob", ["Chiduruma"] = "dug", ["Chigmecatitlán Mixtec"] = "mii", ["Chilcotin"] = "clc", ["Chilean Sign Language"] = "csg", ["Chilisso"] = "clh", ["Chiltepec Chinantec"] = "csa", ["Chimalapa Zoque"] = "zoh", ["Chimariko"] = "cid", ["Chimila"] = "cbg", ["Chimwiini"] = "bnt-cmw", ["Chinali"] = "cih", ["Chinbon Chin"] = "cnb", ["Chinese"] = "zh", ["Chinese Pidgin English"] = "cpi", ["Chinese Pidgin Russian"] = "crp-cpr", ["Chinese Sign Language"] = "csl", ["Chinook"] = "chh", ["Chinook Jargon"] = "chn", ["Chipaya"] = "cap", ["Chipewyan"] = "chp", ["Chiquihuitlán Mazatec"] = "maq", ["Chiquimulilla"] = "nai-chi", ["Chiquitano"] = "cax", ["Chiricahua"] = "apm", ["Chirino"] = "sai-chi", ["Chiripá"] = "nhd", ["Chiru"] = "cdf", ["Chitimacha"] = "ctm", ["Chitkuli Kinnauri"] = "cik", ["Chittagonian"] = "ctg", ["Chitwania Tharu"] = "the", ["Chiwere"] = "iow", ["Choapan Zapotec"] = "zpc", ["Chocangaca"] = "cgk", ["Chochotec"] = "coz", ["Choctaw"] = "cho", ["Chodri"] = "cdi", ["Chokri Naga"] = "nri", ["Chokwe"] = "cjk", ["Chol"] = "ctu", ["Cholón"] = "cht", ["Chong"] = "cog", ["Choni"] = "cda", ["Chono"] = "sai-cno", ["Chontal Maya"] = "chf", ["Chopi"] = "cce", ["Chothe Naga"] = "nct", ["Chrau"] = "crw", ["Chru"] = "cje", ["Chuabo"] = "chw", ["Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao"] = "cqd", ["Chuave"] = "cjv", ["Chug"] = "cvg", ["Chuj"] = "cac", ["Chuka"] = "cuh", ["Chukchi"] = "ckt", ["Chukwa"] = "cuw", ["Chulym"] = "clw", ["Chumburung"] = "ncu", ["Chungli Ao"] = "njo-jgl", ["Churahi"] = "cdj", ["Church Slavonic"] = "zls-chs", ["Churuya"] = "sai-chu", ["Chut"] = "scb", ["Chuukese"] = "chk", ["Chuvan"] = "xcv", ["Chuvash"] = "cv", ["Chácobo"] = "cao", ["Ci Gbe"] = "cib", ["Cia-Cia"] = "cia", ["Cibak"] = "ckl", ["Cicipu"] = "awc", ["Ciguayo"] = "nai-cig", ["Cimbrian"] = "cim", ["Cinamiguin Manobo"] = "mkx", ["Cinda-Regi-Tiyal"] = "cdr", ["Cineni"] = "cie", ["Cinta Larga"] = "cin", ["Cishingini"] = "asg", ["Citak"] = "txt", ["Ciwogai"] = "tgd", ["Classical Chinese"] = "lzh", ["Classical Gaelic"] = "ghc", ["Classical Guarani"] = "gn-cls", ["Classical Mandaic"] = "myz", ["Classical Mongolian"] = "cmg", ["Classical Nahuatl"] = "nci", ["Classical Newar"] = "nwc", ["Classical Quechua"] = "qwc", ["Classical Syriac"] = "syc", ["Classical Tibetan"] = "xct", ["Coahuilteco"] = "xcw", ["Coast Miwok"] = "csi", ["Coastal Kadazan"] = "kzj", ["Coastal Konjo"] = "kjc", ["Coatecas Altas Zapotec"] = "zca", ["Coatepec Nahuatl"] = "naz", ["Coatlán Mixe"] = "mco", ["Coatlán Zapotec"] = "zps", ["Coatzospan Mixtec"] = "miz", ["Cocama"] = "cod", ["Cochimi"] = "coj", ["Cocopa"] = "coc", ["Cocos Islands Malay"] = "coa", ["Coeruna"] = "sai-coe", ["Coeur d'Alene"] = "crd", ["Cofán"] = "con", ["Cogui"] = "kog", ["Col"] = "liw", ["Colombian Sign Language"] = "csn", ["Colonia Tovar German"] = "gct", ["Columbia-Wenatchi"] = "col", ["Colán"] = "sai-col", ["Comaltepec Chinantec"] = "cco", ["Comanche"] = "com", ["Comechingon"] = "sai-cmg", ["Comecrudo"] = "xcm", ["Communicationssprache"] = "art-com", ["Como Karim"] = "cfg", ["Comox"] = "coo", ["Con"] = "cno", ["Coos"] = "csz", ["Copainalá Zoque"] = "zoc", ["Copala Triqui"] = "trc", ["Copallén"] = "sai-cop", ["Coptic"] = "cop", ["Coquille"] = "coq", ["Cora"] = "crn", ["Cori"] = "cry", ["Cornish"] = "kw", ["Coroado Puri"] = "sai-crd", ["Corsican"] = "co", ["Cosoleacaque Nahuatl"] = "nhk", ["Costa Rican Sign Language"] = "csr", ["Cotabato Manobo"] = "mta", ["Cotoname"] = "xcn", ["Cowlitz"] = "cow", ["Coyaima"] = "coy", ["Coyotepec Popoloca"] = "pbf", ["Coyutla Totonac"] = "toc", ["Cree"] = "cr", ["Creek"] = "mus", ["Crimean Gothic"] = "gme-cgo", ["Crimean Tatar"] = "crh", ["Croatian Sign Language"] = "csq", ["Cross River Mbembe"] = "mfn", ["Crow"] = "cro", ["Cruzeño"] = "crz", ["Cua"] = "cua", ["Cuban Sign Language"] = "csf", ["Cubeo"] = "cub", ["Cueva"] = "sai-cva", ["Cuiba"] = "cui", ["Cuitlatec"] = "cuy", ["Culina"] = "cul", ["Culli"] = "sai-cul", ["Cumanagoto"] = "cuo", ["Cumbric"] = "xcb", ["Cun"] = "cuq", ["Cung"] = "cug", ["Cupeño"] = "cup", ["Curonian"] = "xcu", ["Curripaco"] = "kpc", ["Cutchi-Swahili"] = "ccl", ["Cuvok"] = "cuv", ["Cuyamecalco Mixtec"] = "xtu", ["Cuyunon"] = "cyo", ["Cwi Bwamu"] = "bwy", ["Cypriot Arabic"] = "acy", ["Czech"] = "cs", ["Czech Sign Language"] = "cse", ["Cèmuhî"] = "cam", ["Cốông"] = "cnc", ["Da'a Kaili"] = "kzf", ["Daai Chin"] = "dao", ["Daakaka"] = "bpa", ["Daantanai'"] = "lni", ["Daasanach"] = "dsh", ["Daba"] = "dbq", ["Dabarre"] = "dbr", ["Dabe"] = "dbe", ["Dacian"] = "xdc", ["Dadanitic"] = "sem-dad", ["Dadi Dadi"] = "dda", ["Dadibi"] = "mps", ["Dadiya"] = "dbd", ["Daga"] = "dgz", ["Dagaari Dioula"] = "dgd", ["Dagba"] = "dgk", ["Dagbani"] = "dag", ["Dagik"] = "dec", ["Dagoman"] = "dgn", ["Dahalik"] = "dlk", ["Dahalo"] = "dal", ["Daho-Doo"] = "das", ["Dai"] = "dij", ["Dair"] = "drb", ["Dairi Batak"] = "btd", ["Dakka"] = "dkk", ["Dakota"] = "dak", ["Dakpa"] = "dka", ["Dalmatian"] = "dlm", ["Daloa Bété"] = "bev", ["Dama (Nigeria)"] = "dmm", ["Dama (Sierra Leone)"] = "dmn-dam", ["Damakawa"] = "dam", ["Damal"] = "uhn", ["Dambi"] = "dac", ["Dameli"] = "dml", ["Dampelas"] = "dms", ["Dan"] = "dnj", ["Danaru"] = "dnr", ["Danau"] = "dnu", ["Dandami Maria"] = "daq", ["Dangaléat"] = "daa", ["Dangaura Tharu"] = "thl", ["Danish"] = "da", ["Danish Sign Language"] = "dsl", ["Dano"] = "aso", ["Danu"] = "dnv", ["Danuwar"] = "dhw", ["Dao"] = "daz", ["Daonda"] = "dnd", ["Dar Daju Daju"] = "djc", ["Dar Fur Daju"] = "daj", ["Dar Sila Daju"] = "dau", ["Darai"] = "dry", ["Dargwa"] = "dar", ["Darkinjung"] = "xda", ["Darlong"] = "dln", ["Darmiya"] = "drd", ["Daro-Matu Melanau"] = "dro", ["Darumbal"] = "xgm", ["Dass"] = "dot", ["Datian Min"] = "nan-dat", ["Datooga"] = "tcc", ["Daungwurrung"] = "dgw", ["Daur"] = "dta", ["Davawenyo"] = "daw", ["Dawawa"] = "dww", ["Dawera-Daweloor"] = "ddw", ["Dawro"] = "dwr", ["Day"] = "dai", ["Dayi"] = "dax", ["Dazaga"] = "dzg", ["Deccani"] = "dcc", ["Dedua"] = "ded", ["Defaka"] = "afn", ["Defi Gbe"] = "gbh", ["Deg"] = "mzw", ["Deg Xinag"] = "ing", ["Degema"] = "deg", ["Degenan"] = "dge", ["Dehwari"] = "deh", ["Dela-Oenale"] = "row", ["Delo"] = "ntr", ["Delta Yokuts"] = "yok-dly", ["Dem"] = "dem", ["Dema"] = "dmx", ["Demisa"] = "dei", ["Demotic Egyptian"] = "egx-dem", ["Demta"] = "dmy", ["Dena'ina"] = "tfn", ["Dendi"] = "ddn", ["Dengese"] = "dez", ["Dengka"] = "dnk", ["Deno"] = "dbb", ["Denya"] = "anv", ["Dení"] = "dny", ["Deori"] = "der", ["Desano"] = "des", ["Desiya"] = "dso", ["Dewas Rai"] = "dwz", ["Dewoin"] = "dee", ["Dezfuli"] = "def", ["Dghwede"] = "dgh", ["Dhaiso"] = "dhs", ["Dhalandji"] = "dhl", ["Dhangu"] = "dhg", ["Dhanki"] = "dhn", ["Dhao"] = "nfa", ["Dharug"] = "xdk", ["Dhatki"] = "mki", ["Dhimal"] = "dhi", ["Dhivehi"] = "dv", ["Dhodia"] = "dho", ["Dhofari Arabic"] = "adf", ["Dhudhuroa"] = "ddr", ["Dhundhari"] = "dhd", ["Dhungaloo"] = "dhx", ["Dhurga"] = "dhu", ["Dhuwal"] = "dwu", ["Dhuwaya"] = "dwy", ["Dia"] = "dia", ["Dibabawon Manobo"] = "mbd", ["Dibiyaso"] = "dby", ["Dibo"] = "dio", ["Dicamay Agta"] = "duy", ["Didinga"] = "did", ["Dieri"] = "dif", ["Digo"] = "dig", ["Dii"] = "dur", ["Dijim-Bwilim"] = "cfa", ["Dilling"] = "dil", ["Dima"] = "jma", ["Dimasa"] = "dis", ["Dimbong"] = "dii", ["Dime"] = "dim", ["Dinapigue Agta"] = "phi-din", ["Dineor"] = "mrx", ["Ding"] = "diz", ["Dinka"] = "din", ["Diodio"] = "ddi", ["Dirasha"] = "gdl", ["Diri"] = "dwa", ["Dirim"] = "dir", ["Disa"] = "dsi", ["Ditammari"] = "tbz", ["Ditidaht"] = "dtd", ["Diuwe"] = "diy", ["Diuxi-Tilantongo Mixtec"] = "xtd", ["Dixon Reef"] = "dix", ["Dizin"] = "mdx", ["Djadjawurrung"] = "dja", ["Djambarrpuyngu"] = "djr", ["Djangun"] = "djf", ["Djauan"] = "djn", ["Djawi"] = "djw", ["Djimini"] = "dyi", ["Djinang"] = "dji", ["Djinba"] = "djb", ["Djiwarli"] = "djl", ["Dobel"] = "kvo", ["Dobu"] = "dob", ["Doe"] = "doe", ["Doga"] = "dgg", ["Doghoro"] = "dgx", ["Dogoso"] = "dgs", ["Dogosé"] = "dos", ["Dogri"] = "doi", ["Dogrib"] = "dgr", ["Dogul Dom"] = "dbg", ["Doka"] = "dbi", ["Doko-Uyanga"] = "uya", ["Dolgan"] = "dlg", ["Dom"] = "doa", ["Domaaki"] = "dmk", ["Domari"] = "rmt", ["Dominican Sign Language"] = "doq", ["Dompo"] = "doy", ["Domu"] = "dof", ["Domung"] = "dev", ["Dondo"] = "dok", ["Dong"] = "doh", ["Dongo"] = "doo", ["Dongolawi"] = "kzh", ["Dongotono"] = "ddd", ["Dongshanba Lalo"] = "yik", ["Dongxiang"] = "sce", ["Donno So Dogon"] = "dds", ["Doondo"] = "dde", ["Dorasque"] = "cba-dor", ["Dori'o"] = "dor", ["Dorig"] = "wwo", ["Doromu-Koki"] = "kqc", ["Dorze"] = "doz", ["Doso"] = "dol", ["Doteli"] = "dty", ["Dothraki"] = "art-dtk", ["Doura"] = "don", ["Doutai"] = "tds", ["Doyayo"] = "dow", ["Drehu"] = "dhv", ["Drung"] = "duu", ["Duala"] = "dua", ["Duano"] = "dup", ["Duau"] = "dva", ["Dubli"] = "dub", ["Dubu"] = "dmu", ["Dugun"] = "ndu", ["Duguri"] = "dbm", ["Dugwor"] = "dme", ["Duhwa"] = "kbz", ["Duit"] = "cba-dui", ["Duke"] = "nke", ["Dukhan"] = "trk-dkh", ["Dulbu"] = "dbo", ["Duli"] = "duz", ["Duma"] = "dma", ["Dumaitic"] = "sem-dum", ["Dumbea"] = "duf", ["Dumi"] = "dus", ["Dumpas"] = "dmv", ["Dumun"] = "dui", ["Duna"] = "duc", ["Dungan"] = "dng", ["Dungmali"] = "raa", ["Dungra Bhil"] = "duh", ["Dungu"] = "dbv", ["Dupaningan Agta"] = "duo", ["Dura"] = "drq", ["Duri"] = "mvp", ["Duriankere"] = "dbn", ["Duruwa"] = "pci", ["Dusner"] = "dsn", ["Dusun Deyah"] = "dun", ["Dusun Malang"] = "duq", ["Dusun Witu"] = "duw", ["Dutch"] = "nl", ["Dutch Sign Language"] = "dse", ["Duun"] = "dux", ["Duupa"] = "dae", ["Duvle"] = "duv", ["Duwai"] = "dbp", ["Duwet"] = "gve", ["Dwang"] = "nnu", ["Dyaabugay"] = "dyy", ["Dyaberdyaber"] = "dyb", ["Dyan"] = "dya", ["Dyangadi"] = "dyn", ["Dyirbal"] = "dbl", ["Dyugun"] = "dyd", ["Dyula"] = "dyu", ["Dza"] = "jen", ["Dzala"] = "dzl", ["Dzando"] = "dzn", ["Dzao Min"] = "bpn", ["Dzodinka"] = "add", ["Dzongkha"] = "dz", ["Dzuun"] = "dnn", ["Dâw"] = "kwa", ["E"] = "eee", ["E'ma Buyang"] = "yzg", ["Early Assamese"] = "inc-oas", ["Early Modern Korean"] = "ko-ear", ["Early Old Oghuz"] = "trk-eog", ["Early Tripuri"] = "xtr", ["East Central German"] = "gmw-ecg", ["East Circassian"] = "kbd", ["East Damar"] = "dmr", ["East Franconian"] = "vmf", ["East Futuna"] = "fud", ["East Kewa"] = "kjs", ["East Limba"] = "lma", ["East Masela"] = "vme", ["East Miraya Bikol"] = "rbl", ["East Nyala"] = "nle", ["East Tarangan"] = "tre", ["East Yugur"] = "yuy", ["Eastern Acipa"] = "acp", ["Eastern Arrernte"] = "aer", ["Eastern Bolivian Guarani"] = "gui", ["Eastern Bontoc"] = "ebk", ["Eastern Bru"] = "bru", ["Eastern Canadian Inuktitut"] = "ike", ["Eastern Cham"] = "cjm", ["Eastern Durango Nahuatl"] = "azd", ["Eastern Gorkha Tamang"] = "tge", ["Eastern Highland Chatino"] = "cly", ["Eastern Highland Otomi"] = "otm", ["Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl"] = "nhe", ["Eastern Huishui Hmong"] = "hme", ["Eastern Karaboro"] = "xrb", ["Eastern Katu"] = "ktv", ["Eastern Kayah"] = "eky", ["Eastern Keres"] = "kee", ["Eastern Khanty"] = "kca-eas", ["Eastern Krahn"] = "kqo", ["Eastern Lalu"] = "yit", ["Eastern Lawa"] = "lwl", ["Eastern Magar"] = "mgp", ["Eastern Maninkakan"] = "emk", ["Eastern Mari"] = "mhr", ["Eastern Meohang"] = "emg", ["Eastern Min"] = "cdo", ["Eastern Mnong"] = "mng", ["Eastern Muria"] = "emu", ["Eastern Ngad'a"] = "nea", ["Eastern Nisu"] = "nos", ["Eastern Ojibwa"] = "ojg", ["Eastern Parbate Kham"] = "kif", ["Eastern Penan"] = "pez", ["Eastern Pomo"] = "peb", ["Eastern Pwo"] = "kjp", ["Eastern Qiandong Miao"] = "hmq", ["Eastern Subanun"] = "sfe", ["Eastern Tamang"] = "taj", ["Eastern Tawbuid"] = "bnj", ["Eastern Xiangxi Miao"] = "muq", ["Eastern Xwla Gbe"] = "gbx", ["Ebira"] = "igb", ["Eblaite"] = "xeb", ["Ebrié"] = "ebr", ["Ebughu"] = "ebg", ["Ecuadorian Sign Language"] = "ecs", ["Ede Cabe"] = "cbj", ["Ede Ica"] = "ica", ["Ede Idaca"] = "idd", ["Ede Ije"] = "ijj", ["Ede Nago"] = "nqg", ["Edera Awyu"] = "awy", ["Edo"] = "bin", ["Edolo"] = "etr", ["Edomite"] = "xdm", ["Edopi"] = "dbf", ["Efai"] = "efa", ["Efe"] = "efe", ["Efik"] = "efi", ["Efutop"] = "ofu", ["Ega"] = "ega", ["Eggon"] = "ego", ["Egyptian"] = "egy", ["Egyptian Arabic"] = "arz", ["Egyptian Sign Language"] = "esl", ["Ehueun"] = "ehu", ["Eipomek"] = "eip", ["Eitiep"] = "eit", ["Ejagham"] = "etu", ["Ejamat"] = "eja", ["Ekajuk"] = "eka", ["Ekari"] = "ekg", ["Ekele"] = "khy", ["Eki"] = "eki", ["Ekit"] = "eke", ["Ekpeye"] = "ekp", ["El Alto Zapotec"] = "zpp", ["El Hugeirat"] = "elh", ["El Molo"] = "elo", ["Elamite"] = "elx", ["Eleme"] = "elm", ["Elepi"] = "ele", ["Elfdalian"] = "ovd", ["Elip"] = "ekm", ["Elkei"] = "elk", ["Eloi"] = "art-elo", ["Elotepec Zapotec"] = "zte", ["Eloyi"] = "afo", ["Elseng"] = "mrf", ["Elu"] = "elu", ["Elymian"] = "xly", ["Emae"] = "mmw", ["Emai"] = "ema", ["Eman"] = "emn", ["Embaloh"] = "emb", ["Emberá-Baudó"] = "bdc", ["Emberá-Catío"] = "cto", ["Emberá-Chamí"] = "cmi", ["Emberá-Tadó"] = "tdc", ["Embu"] = "ebu", ["Emem"] = "enr", ["Emerillon"] = "eme", ["Emilian"] = "egl", ["Emplawas"] = "emw", ["En"] = "enc", ["Enawené-Nawé"] = "unk", ["Ende"] = "end", ["Enga"] = "enq", ["Engenni"] = "enn", ["Enggano"] = "eno", ["English"] = "en", ["Enlhet"] = "enl", ["Enrekang"] = "ptt", ["Enu"] = "enu", ["Enwan"] = "env", ["Enwang"] = "enw", ["Enxet"] = "enx", ["Enya"] = "gey", ["Eotile"] = "eot", ["Epena"] = "sja", ["Epi-Olmec"] = "xep", ["Epie"] = "epi", ["Epigraphic Mayan"] = "emy", ["Eravallan"] = "era", ["Erave"] = "kjy", ["Ere"] = "twp", ["Erie"] = "iro-ere", ["Eritai"] = "ert", ["Erokwanas"] = "erw", ["Erre"] = "err", ["Erromintxela"] = "emx", ["Ersu"] = "ers", ["Eruwa"] = "erh", ["Erzya"] = "myv", ["Esan"] = "ish", ["Ese"] = "mcq", ["Ese Ejja"] = "ese", ["Eshtehardi"] = "esh", ["Esimbi"] = "ags", ["Eskayan"] = "esy", ["Esmeralda"] = "sai-esm", ["Esperanto"] = "eo", ["Esselen"] = "esq", ["Estado de México Otomi"] = "ots", ["Estonian"] = "et", ["Estonian Sign Language"] = "eso", ["Esuma"] = "esm", ["Etchemin"] = "etc", ["Etebi"] = "etb", ["Eten"] = "etx", ["Eteocretan"] = "ecr", ["Eteocypriot"] = "ecy", ["Ethiopian Sign Language"] = "eth", ["Etkywan"] = "ich", ["Eton (Cameroon)"] = "eto", ["Eton (Vanuatu)"] = "etn", ["Etruscan"] = "ett", ["Etulo"] = "utr", ["Evant"] = "bzz", ["Even"] = "eve", ["Evenki"] = "evn", ["Ewage-Notu"] = "nou", ["Ewarhuyana"] = "sai-ewa", ["Ewe"] = "ee", ["Ewondo"] = "ewo", ["Extremaduran"] = "ext", ["Eyak"] = "eya", ["Ezaa"] = "eza", ["Fagani"] = "faf", ["Faifi"] = "fif", ["Faire Atta"] = "azt", ["Faiwol"] = "fai", ["Fakkanci"] = "gel", ["Fala"] = "fax", ["Falam Chin"] = "cfm", ["Fali"] = "fli", ["Faliscan"] = "xfa", ["Fam"] = "fam", ["Fanagalo"] = "fng", ["Fanamaket"] = "bjp", ["Fang (Bantu)"] = "fan", ["Fang (Beboid)"] = "fak", ["Fania"] = "fni", ["Far Western Muria"] = "fmu", ["Farefare"] = "gur", ["Faroese"] = "fo", ["Fas"] = "fqs", ["Fasu"] = "faa", ["Fataleka"] = "far", ["Fataluku"] = "ddg", ["Fayu"] = "fau", ["Fe'fe'"] = "fmp", ["Fedan"] = "pdn", ["Fembe"] = "agl", ["Fer"] = "kah", ["Feroge"] = "fer", ["Fiji Hindi"] = "hif", ["Fijian"] = "fj", ["Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac"] = "tlp", ["Fingallian"] = "gmw-fin", ["Finnish"] = "fi", ["Finnish Sign Language"] = "fse", ["Finnish-Swedish Sign Language"] = "fss", ["Finongan"] = "fag", ["Fipa"] = "fip", ["Firan"] = "fir", ["Fiwaga"] = "fiw", ["Flemish Sign Language"] = "vgt", ["Flinders Island"] = "fln", ["Foau"] = "flh", ["Fogaha"] = "ber-fog", ["Foi"] = "foi", ["Foia Foia"] = "ffi", ["Folopa"] = "ppo", ["Foma"] = "fom", ["Fon"] = "fon", ["Fongoro"] = "fgr", ["Foodo"] = "fod", ["Forak"] = "frq", ["Fordata"] = "frd", ["Fore"] = "for", ["Forest Enets"] = "enf", ["Forest Nenets"] = "yrk-for", ["Fortsenal"] = "frt", ["Fox"] = "sac", ["Franc-Comtois"] = "roa-fcm", ["Francisco León Zoque"] = "zos", ["Franco-Provençal"] = "frp", ["French"] = "fr", ["French Belgian Sign Language"] = "sfb", ["French Sign Language"] = "fsl", ["Friulian"] = "fur", ["Fula"] = "ff", ["Fuliiru"] = "flr", ["Fulniô"] = "fun", ["Fum"] = "fum", ["Fungwa"] = "ula", ["Fur"] = "fvr", ["Furu"] = "fuu", ["Futuna-Aniwa"] = "fut", ["Fuyug"] = "fuy", ["Fwe"] = "fwe", ["Fwâi"] = "fwa", ["Fyam"] = "pym", ["Fyer"] = "fie", ["Ga"] = "gaa", ["Ga'anda"] = "gqa", ["Ga'dang"] = "gdg", ["Gaa"] = "ttb", ["Gaam"] = "tbi", ["Gabadi"] = "kbt", ["Gabi"] = "gbw", ["Gabri"] = "gab", ["Gabrielino-Fernandeño"] = "xgf", ["Gadang"] = "gdk", ["Gaddang"] = "gad", ["Gaddi"] = "gbk", ["Gade"] = "ged", ["Gadjerawang"] = "gdh", ["Gadsup"] = "gaj", ["Gafat"] = "gft", ["Gagadu"] = "gbu", ["Gagauz"] = "gag", ["Gagnoa Bété"] = "btg", ["Gahri"] = "bfu", ["Gaikundi"] = "gbf", ["Gaina"] = "gcn", ["Gal"] = "gap", ["Galambu"] = "glo", ["Galatian"] = "xga", ["Galela"] = "gbi", ["Galeya"] = "gar", ["Galice"] = "gce", ["Galician"] = "gl", ["Galindian"] = "xgl", ["Gallaecian"] = "cel-gal", ["Gallo"] = "roa-gal", ["Gallo-Italic of Basilicata"] = "roa-gib", ["Gallo-Italic of Sicily"] = "roa-gis", ["Gallurese"] = "sdn", ["Galo"] = "adl", ["Galoli"] = "gal", ["Gamale Kham"] = "kgj", ["Gambera"] = "gma", ["Gamela"] = "sai-gam", ["Gamilaraay"] = "kld", ["Gamit"] = "gbl", ["Gamkonora"] = "gak", ["Gamo"] = "gmv", ["Gamo-Ningi"] = "bte", ["Gan"] = "gan", ["Gana"] = "gnq", ["Ganang"] = "gne", ["Gandhari"] = "pgd", ["Gane"] = "gzn", ["Ganggalida"] = "gcd", ["Ganglau"] = "ggl", ["Gangte"] = "gnb", ["Gangulu"] = "gnl", ["Gants"] = "gao", ["Ganza"] = "gza", ["Ganzi"] = "gnz", ["Gao"] = "gga", ["Gapapaiwa"] = "pwg", ["Garawa"] = "wrk", ["Garhwali"] = "gbm", ["Garifuna"] = "cab", ["Garingbal"] = "xgi", ["Garo"] = "grt", ["Garre"] = "gex", ["Garus"] = "gyb", ["Garza"] = "xgr", ["Gashowu Yokuts"] = "yok-gsy", ["Gata'"] = "gaq", ["Gaulish"] = "cel-gau", ["Gavak"] = "dmc", ["Gavar"] = "gou", ["Gavião do Jiparaná"] = "gvo", ["Gawar-Bati"] = "gwt", ["Gawwada"] = "gwd", ["Gaya"] = "zra", ["Gayil"] = "gyl", ["Gayo"] = "gay", ["Gayón"] = "sai-gay", ["Gbagyi"] = "gbr", ["Gban"] = "ggu", ["Gbanu"] = "gbv", ["Gbanziri"] = "gbg", ["Gbari"] = "gby", ["Gbaya-Bossangoa"] = "gbp", ["Gbaya-Bozoum"] = "gbq", ["Gbaya-Mbodomo"] = "gmm", ["Gbayi"] = "gyg", ["Gbesi Gbe"] = "gbs", ["Gbii"] = "ggb", ["Gbin"] = "xgb", ["Gbiri-Niragu"] = "grh", ["Gboloo Grebo"] = "gec", ["Gciriku"] = "diu", ["Gcwi"] = "gwj", ["Ge"] = "hmj", ["Ge'ez"] = "gez", ["Geba Karen"] = "kvq", ["Gebe"] = "gei", ["Gedaged"] = "gdd", ["Gedeo"] = "drs", ["Geji"] = "gji", ["Geko Karen"] = "ghk", ["Gela"] = "nlg", ["Gele'"] = "sbc", ["Geme"] = "geq", ["Gen"] = "gej", ["Gende"] = "gaf", ["Gengle"] = "geg", ["Georgian"] = "ka", ["Gepo"] = "ygp", ["Gera"] = "gew", ["Gerka"] = "gek", ["German"] = "de", ["German Sign Language"] = "gsg", ["Geruma"] = "gea", ["Geser-Gorom"] = "ges", ["Geshiza"] = "ero-gsz", ["Gey"] = "guv", ["Ghadames"] = "gha", ["Ghanaian Sign Language"] = "gse", ["Ghandruk Sign Language"] = "gds", ["Ghanongga"] = "ghn", ["Ghari"] = "gri", ["Ghayavi"] = "bmk", ["Ghera"] = "ghr", ["Ghomala'"] = "bbj", ["Ghomara"] = "gho", ["Ghotuo"] = "aaa", ["Ghulfan"] = "ghl", ["Giangan"] = "bgi", ["Gibanawa"] = "gib", ["Gidar"] = "gid", ["Gikyode"] = "acd", ["Gilaki"] = "glk", ["Gilbertese"] = "gil", ["Gilima"] = "gix", ["Gimi (Austronesian)"] = "gip", ["Gimi (Papuan)"] = "gim", ["Gimme"] = "kmp", ["Gimnime"] = "gmn", ["Ginuman"] = "gnm", ["Girawa"] = "bbr", ["Girirra"] = "gii", ["Giryama"] = "nyf", ["Githabul"] = "gih", ["Gitua"] = "ggt", ["Gitxsan"] = "git", ["Giyug"] = "giy", ["Gizrra"] = "tof", ["Glaro-Twabo"] = "glr", ["Glavda"] = "glw", ["Glio-Oubi"] = "oub", ["Glosa"] = "igs", ["Gnau"] = "gnu", ["Goa'uld"] = "art-gld", ["Goaria"] = "gig", ["Gobasi"] = "goi", ["Gobu"] = "gox", ["Godié"] = "god", ["Godoberi"] = "gdo", ["Godwari"] = "gdx", ["Goemai"] = "ank", ["Gofa"] = "gof", ["Gogo"] = "gog", ["Gogodala"] = "ggw", ["Goguryeo"] = "zkg", ["Gojri"] = "gju", ["Gokana"] = "gkn", ["Gokhy"] = "tbq-gkh", ["Gola"] = "gol", ["Golin"] = "gvf", ["Golpa"] = "lja", ["Gondi"] = "gon", ["Gone Dau"] = "goo", ["Gong"] = "ugo", ["Gongduk"] = "goe", ["Gonja"] = "gjn", ["Goo"] = "gov", ["Gooniyandi"] = "gni", ["Gor"] = "gqr", ["Gorakor"] = "goc", ["Gorap"] = "goq", ["Goreng"] = "xgg", ["Gorontalo"] = "gor", ["Gorovu"] = "grq", ["Gorwaa"] = "gow", ["Gothic"] = "got", ["Gottscheerish"] = "gmw-gts", ["Goundo"] = "goy", ["Gourmanchéma"] = "gux", ["Gowlan"] = "goj", ["Gowro"] = "gwf", ["Gozarkhani"] = "goz", ["Grangali"] = "nli", ["Grass Koiari"] = "kbk", ["Greek"] = "el", ["Greek Sign Language"] = "gss", ["Green Gelao"] = "giq", ["Green Hmong"] = "hnj", ["Greenlandic"] = "kl", ["Grenadian Creole English"] = "gcl", ["Gresi"] = "grs", ["Groma"] = "gro", ["Gros Ventre"] = "ats", ["Gua"] = "gwx", ["Guachí"] = "sai-gua", ["Guahibo"] = "guh", ["Guajajára"] = "gub", ["Guajá"] = "gvj", ["Guambiano"] = "gum", ["Guamo"] = "sai-gmo", ["Guanano"] = "gvc", ["Guanche"] = "gnc", ["Guarayu"] = "gyr", ["Guatemalan Sign Language"] = "gsm", ["Guató"] = "gta", ["Guayabero"] = "guo", ["Guazacapán"] = "nai-guz", ["Gudang"] = "xgd", ["Gudanji"] = "nji", ["Gude"] = "gde", ["Gudu"] = "gdu", ["Guduf-Gava"] = "gdf", ["Guerrero Amuzgo"] = "amu", ["Guerrero Nahuatl"] = "ngu", ["Guevea de Humboldt Zapotec"] = "zpg", ["Gugadj"] = "ggd", ["Gugu Badhun"] = "gdc", ["Gugu Warra"] = "wrw", ["Guhu-Samane"] = "ghs", ["Guianese Creole"] = "gcr", ["Guiberoua Bété"] = "bet", ["Guinau"] = "awd-gnu", ["Guinea Kpelle"] = "gkp", ["Guinea-Bissau Creole"] = "pov", ["Guinea-Bissau Sign Language"] = "lgs", ["Guinean Sign Language"] = "gus", ["Guiqiong"] = "gqi", ["Gujarati"] = "gu", ["Gula"] = "glu", ["Gula'alaa"] = "gmb", ["Gulay"] = "gvl", ["Gule"] = "gly", ["Gulf Arabic"] = "afb", ["Gullah"] = "gul", ["Gumalu"] = "gmu", ["Gumatj"] = "gnn", ["Gumawana"] = "gvs", ["Gumuz"] = "guk", ["Gun"] = "guw", ["Gundi"] = "gdi", ["Gunditjmara"] = "gjm", ["Gundungurra"] = "xrd", ["Gungabula"] = "gyf", ["Gungu"] = "rub", ["Guntai"] = "gnt", ["Gunu"] = "yas", ["Gunwinggu"] = "gup", ["Gunya"] = "gyy", ["Gupa-Abawa"] = "gpa", ["Gupapuyngu"] = "guf", ["Gur Lama"] = "las", ["Guragone"] = "gge", ["Guramalum"] = "grz", ["Gurani"] = "hac", ["Gureng Gureng"] = "gnr", ["Gurgula"] = "ggg", ["Guriaso"] = "grx", ["Gurindji"] = "gue", ["Gurindji Kriol"] = "gjr", ["Gurmana"] = "gvm", ["Guro"] = "goa", ["Gurung"] = "gvr", ["Guruntum"] = "grd", ["Gusan"] = "gsn", ["Gusii"] = "guz", ["Gusilay"] = "gsl", ["Gutnish"] = "gmq-gut", ["Guugu Yimidhirr"] = "kky", ["Guwa"] = "xgw", ["Guwamu"] = "gwu", ["Guwar"] = "aus-guw", ["Guya"] = "gka", ["Guyanese Creole English"] = "gyn", ["Guyani"] = "gvy", ["Guébie"] = "gie", ["Gvoko"] = "ngs", ["Gwa"] = "gwb", ["Gwahatike"] = "dah", ["Gwak"] = "jgk", ["Gwamhi-Wuri"] = "bga", ["Gwandara"] = "gwn", ["Gwara"] = "alv-gwa", ["Gweda"] = "grw", ["Gweno"] = "gwe", ["Gwere"] = "gwr", ["Gwich'in"] = "gwi", ["Gyalsumdo"] = "gyo", ["Gyele"] = "gyi", ["Gyem"] = "gye", ["Güenoa"] = "sai-gue", ["Habu"] = "hbu", ["Hachijō"] = "jpx-hcj", ["Hadiyya"] = "hdy", ["Hadoti"] = "hoj", ["Hadrami"] = "xhd", ["Hadza"] = "hts", ["Haeke"] = "aek", ["Hahon"] = "hah", ["Haida"] = "hai", ["Haigwai"] = "hgw", ["Hailufeng Min"] = "nan-hlh", ["Hainanese"] = "hnm", ["Hainyaxo Bozo"] = "bzx", ["Haiphong Sign Language"] = "haf", ["Haisla"] = "has", ["Haitian Creole"] = "ht", ["Haitian Vodoun Culture Language"] = "hvc", ["Haiǁom"] = "hgm", ["Haji"] = "hji", ["Hajong"] = "haj", ["Hakka"] = "hak", ["Hakö"] = "hao", ["Halang"] = "hal", ["Halang Doan"] = "hld", ["Halbi"] = "hlb", ["Halia"] = "hla", ["Halkomelem"] = "hur", ["Hamap"] = "hmu", ["Hamba"] = "hba", ["Hamer-Banna"] = "amf", ["Hamtai"] = "hmt", ["Hanga"] = "hag", ["Hanga Hundi"] = "wos", ["Hani"] = "hni", ["Hanoi Sign Language"] = "hab", ["Hanunoo"] = "hnn", ["Harami"] = "xha", ["Harappan"] = "xiv", ["Harari"] = "har", ["Haraza"] = "nub-har", ["Harijan Kinnauri"] = "kjo", ["Haroi"] = "hro", ["Harsusi"] = "hss", ["Haruai"] = "tmd", ["Haruku"] = "hrk", ["Haryanvi"] = "bgc", ["Harzani"] = "hrz", ["Hasaitic"] = "sem-has", ["Hasha"] = "ybj", ["Hassaniya Arabic"] = "mey", ["Hatam"] = "had", ["Hattic"] = "xht", ["Hausa"] = "ha", ["Hausa Sign Language"] = "hsl", ["Haush"] = "sai-hau", ["Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai"] = "yuf", ["Haveke"] = "hvk", ["Havu"] = "hav", ["Hawai'i Pidgin Sign Language"] = "hps", ["Hawaiian"] = "haw", ["Hawaiian Creole"] = "hwc", ["Haya"] = "hay", ["Hdi"] = "xed", ["Hebrew"] = "he", ["Hehe"] = "heh", ["Heiban"] = "hbn", ["Heiltsuk"] = "hei", ["Helong"] = "heg", ["Hema"] = "nix", ["Hemba"] = "hem", ["Hember Avu"] = "mmi", ["Herdé"] = "hed", ["Herero"] = "hz", ["Hermit"] = "llf", ["Hernican"] = "xhr", ["Hewa"] = "ham", ["Heyo"] = "auk", ["Hibito"] = "hib", ["Hidatsa"] = "hid", ["Higaonon"] = "mba", ["High Valyrian"] = "art-vlh", ["Highland Konjo"] = "kjk", ["Highland Oaxaca Chontal"] = "chd", ["Highland Popoluca"] = "poi", ["Highland Puebla Nahuatl"] = "azz", ["Highland Totonac"] = "tos", ["Hijazi Arabic"] = "acw", ["Hijuk"] = "hij", ["Hiligaynon"] = "hil", ["Hill Maria"] = "mrr", ["Himarimã"] = "hir", ["Hindi"] = "hi", ["Hindi Dogri"] = "dgo", ["Hinduri"] = "hii", ["Hinukh"] = "gin", ["Hiri Motu"] = "ho", ["Hismaic"] = "sem-his", ["Hitchiti"] = "nai-hit", ["Hittite"] = "hit", ["Hitu"] = "htu", ["Hiw"] = "hiw", ["Hixkaryana"] = "hix", ["Hlai"] = "lic", ["Hlepho Phowa"] = "yhl", ["Hlersu"] = "hle", ["Hmar"] = "hmr", ["Hmong Don"] = "hmf", ["Hmong Dô"] = "hmv", ["Hmong Shua"] = "hmz", ["Hmwaveke"] = "mrk", ["Ho"] = "hoc", ["Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language"] = "hos", ["Hoava"] = "hoa", ["Hobyót"] = "hoh", ["Hoia Hoia"] = "hhi", ["Hokkien"] = "nan-hbl", ["Holikachuk"] = "hoi", ["Holiya"] = "hoy", ["Holma"] = "hod", ["Holoholo"] = "hoo", ["Holu"] = "hol", ["Homa"] = "hom", ["Honduran Lenca"] = "len", ["Honduras Sign Language"] = "hds", ["Hone"] = "juh", ["Hong Kong Sign Language"] = "hks", ["Honi"] = "how", ["Hopi"] = "hop", ["Horned Miao"] = "hrm", ["Horo"] = "hor", ["Horom"] = "hoe", ["Hote"] = "hot", ["Hoti"] = "hti", ["Hovongan"] = "hov", ["Hoyahoya"] = "hhy", ["Hozo"] = "hoz", ["Hpon"] = "hpo", ["Hrangkhol"] = "hra", ["Hruso"] = "hru", ["Hrê"] = "hre", ["Hu"] = "huo", ["Huachipaeri"] = "hug", ["Huambisa"] = "hub", ["Huaorani"] = "auc", ["Huarijio"] = "var", ["Huaulu"] = "hud", ["Huautla Mazatec"] = "mau", ["Huave"] = "huv", ["Huaxcaleca Nahuatl"] = "nhq", ["Huba"] = "hbb", ["Huehuetla Tepehua"] = "tee", ["Huetar"] = "cba-hue", ["Huichol"] = "hch", ["Huilliche"] = "huh", ["Huitepec Mixtec"] = "mxs", ["Huizhou"] = "czh", ["Hukumina"] = "huw", ["Hula"] = "hul", ["Hulaulá"] = "huy", ["Huli"] = "hui", ["Hulung"] = "huk", ["Humburi Senni"] = "hmb", ["Humene"] = "huf", ["Hun"] = "uth", ["Hunde"] = "hke", ["Hung"] = "hnu", ["Hungana"] = "hum", ["Hungarian"] = "hu", ["Hungarian Sign Language"] = "hsh", ["Hungworo"] = "nat", ["Hunjara-Kaina Ke"] = "hkk", ["Hunnic"] = "xhc", ["Hunsrik"] = "hrx", ["Hunzib"] = "huz", ["Hupa"] = "hup", ["Hupdë"] = "jup", ["Hupla"] = "hap", ["Hurrian"] = "xhu", ["Hutterisch"] = "geh", ["Hwana"] = "hwo", ["Hya"] = "hya", ["Hyam"] = "jab", ["Hän"] = "haa", ["Hértevin"] = "hrt", ["I-Wak"] = "iwk", ["Iaai"] = "iai", ["Iamalele"] = "yml", ["Iatmul"] = "ian", ["Iau"] = "tmu", ["Ibali Teke"] = "tek", ["Ibaloi"] = "ibl", ["Iban"] = "iba", ["Ibanag"] = "ibg", ["Ibani"] = "iby", ["Ibatan"] = "ivb", ["Iberian"] = "xib", ["Ibibio"] = "ibb", ["Ibino"] = "ibn", ["Iboko"] = "bkp", ["Ibu"] = "ibu", ["Ibuoro"] = "ibr", ["Icelandic"] = "is", ["Icelandic Sign Language"] = "icl", ["Iceve-Maci"] = "bec", ["Ida'an"] = "dbj", ["Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki"] = "ida", ["Idaté"] = "idt", ["Idere"] = "ide", ["Idesa"] = "ids", ["Idi"] = "idi", ["Idiom Neutral"] = "mis-idn", ["Ido"] = "io", ["Idoma"] = "idu", ["Idon"] = "idc", ["Idu"] = "clk", ["Idun"] = "ldb", ["Iduna"] = "viv", ["Ifo"] = "iff", ["Ifè"] = "ife", ["Igala"] = "igl", ["Igana"] = "igg", ["Igbo"] = "ig", ["Igede"] = "ige", ["Ignaciano"] = "ign", ["Igo"] = "ahl", ["Iguta"] = "nar", ["Igwe"] = "igw", ["Iha"] = "ihp", ["Ihievbe"] = "ihi", ["Ija-Zuba"] = "vki", ["Ik"] = "ikx", ["Ika"] = "ikk", ["Ikaranggal"] = "ikr", ["Ikizu"] = "ikz", ["Iko"] = "iki", ["Ikobi-Mena"] = "meb", ["Ikoma"] = "ntk", ["Ikpeng"] = "txi", ["Ikpeshi"] = "ikp", ["Ikposo"] = "kpo", ["Iku-Gora-Ankwa"] = "ikv", ["Ikulu"] = "ikl", ["Ikwere"] = "ikw", ["Ikwo"] = "iqw", ["Ila"] = "ilb", ["Ile Ape"] = "ila", ["Ilgar"] = "ilg", ["Ili Turki"] = "ili", ["Ili'uun"] = "ilu", ["Ilianen Manobo"] = "mbi", ["Illyrian"] = "xil", ["Ilocano"] = "ilo", ["Ilongot"] = "ilk", ["Ilue"] = "ilv", ["Ilwana"] = "mlk", ["Imbongu"] = "imo", ["Imonda"] = "imn", ["Imroing"] = "imr", ["Inabaknon"] = "abx", ["Inapang"] = "mzu", ["Inari Sami"] = "smn", ["Indanga"] = "bnt-ind", ["Indian Sign Language"] = "ins", ["Indo-Portuguese"] = "idb", ["Indonesian"] = "id", ["Indonesian Bajau"] = "bdl", ["Indonesian Sign Language"] = "inl", ["Indri"] = "idr", ["Indus Kohistani"] = "mvy", ["Inebu One"] = "oin", ["Ineseño"] = "inz", ["Inga"] = "inb", ["Ingrian"] = "izh", ["Ingush"] = "inh", ["Inlaod Itneg"] = "iti", ["Inoke-Yate"] = "ino", ["Inonhan"] = "loc", ["Inor"] = "ior", ["Inpui Naga"] = "nkf", ["Interlingua"] = "ia", ["Interlingue"] = "ie", ["International Sign"] = "ils", ["Interslavic"] = "isv", ["Intha"] = "int", ["Inuinnaqtun"] = "esx-inq", ["Inuit Sign Language"] = "iks", ["Inuktitut"] = "iu", ["Inuktun"] = "esx-ink", ["Inupiaq"] = "ik", ["Inuvialuktun"] = "ikt", ["Ipai"] = "nai-ipa", ["Ipalapa Amuzgo"] = "azm", ["Ipiko"] = "ipo", ["Ipili"] = "ipi", ["Ipulo"] = "ass", ["Iquito"] = "iqu", ["Ir"] = "irr", ["Irantxe"] = "irn", ["Iranun"] = "ill", ["Iraqi Arabic"] = "acm", ["Iraqw"] = "irk", ["Irarutu"] = "irh", ["Iraya"] = "iry", ["Iresim"] = "ire", ["Irish"] = "ga", ["Irish Sign Language"] = "isg", ["Irula"] = "iru", ["Isabi"] = "isa", ["Isan"] = "tts", ["Isanzu"] = "isn", ["Isarog Agta"] = "agk", ["Isaurian"] = "mis-isa", ["Isconahua"] = "isc", ["Isebe"] = "igo", ["Ishkashimi"] = "isk", ["Isinai"] = "inn", ["Isirawa"] = "srl", ["Islander Creole English"] = "icr", ["Isnag"] = "isd", ["Isoko"] = "iso", ["Israeli Sign Language"] = "isr", ["Isthmus Mixe"] = "mir", ["Isthmus Zapotec"] = "zai", ["Istriot"] = "ist", ["Istro-Romanian"] = "ruo", ["Isu"] = "isu", ["Isubu"] = "szv", ["Italian"] = "it", ["Italian Sign Language"] = "ise", ["Italiot Greek"] = "grk-ita", ["Itawit"] = "itv", ["Itelmen"] = "itl", ["Itene"] = "ite", ["Iteri"] = "itr", ["Itik"] = "itx", ["Ito"] = "itw", ["Itonama"] = "ito", ["Itsekiri"] = "its", ["Itu Mbon Uzo"] = "itm", ["Itundujia Mixtec"] = "mce", ["Itza'"] = "itz", ["Iu Mien"] = "ium", ["Ivatan"] = "ivv", ["Iwaidja"] = "ibd", ["Iwal"] = "kbm", ["Iwam"] = "iwm", ["Iwur"] = "iwo", ["Ixcatec"] = "ixc", ["Ixcatlán Mazatec"] = "mzi", ["Ixil"] = "ixl", ["Ixtayutla Mixtec"] = "vmj", ["Ixtenco Otomi"] = "otz", ["Iyayu"] = "iya", ["Iyive"] = "uiv", ["Iyo"] = "nca", ["Iyo'wujwa Chorote"] = "crq", ["Iyojwa'ja Chorote"] = "crt", ["Izere"] = "izr", ["Izi"] = "izz", ["Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo"] = "izi", ["Izon"] = "ijc", ["Izora"] = "cbo", ["Iñapari"] = "inp", ["Jabem"] = "jae", ["Jabutí"] = "jbt", ["Jad"] = "jda", ["Jadgali"] = "jdg", ["Jah Hut"] = "jah", ["Jahanka"] = "jad", ["Jair Awyu"] = "awv", ["Jakaltek"] = "jac", ["Jakati"] = "jat", ["Jalapa de Díaz Mazatec"] = "maj", ["Jalkunan"] = "bxl", ["Jamaican Country Sign Language"] = "jcs", ["Jamaican Creole"] = "jam", ["Jamaican Sign Language"] = "jls", ["Jamamadí"] = "jaa", ["Jambi Malay"] = "jax", ["Jamiltepec Mixtec"] = "mxt", ["Jaminjung"] = "djd", ["Jamsay"] = "djm", ["Jamtish"] = "gmq-jmk", ["Jandavra"] = "jnd", ["Janday"] = "jan", ["Jangkang"] = "djo", ["Jangshung"] = "jna", ["Janji"] = "jni", ["Japanese"] = "ja", ["Japanese Sign Language"] = "jsl", ["Japhug"] = "sit-jap", ["Japrería"] = "jru", ["Jaqaru"] = "jqr", ["Jara"] = "jaf", ["Jarai"] = "jra", ["Jarawa"] = "anq", ["Jaru"] = "ddj", ["Jassic"] = "ysc", ["Jaunsari"] = "jns", ["Javanese"] = "jv", ["Javindo"] = "jvd", ["Jawe"] = "jaz", ["Jaya"] = "jyy", ["Jebero"] = "jeb", ["Jeh"] = "jeh", ["Jehai"] = "jhi", ["Jeikó"] = "sai-jko", ["Jeju"] = "jje", ["Jemez"] = "tow", ["Jenaama Bozo"] = "bze", ["Jeng"] = "jeg", ["Jennu Kurumba"] = "xuj", ["Jere"] = "jer", ["Jeri Kuo"] = "jek", ["Jersey Dutch"] = "gmw-jdt", ["Jeru"] = "akj", ["Jerung"] = "jee", ["Jhankot Sign Language"] = "jhs", ["Jiamao"] = "jio", ["Jiba"] = "juo", ["Jibu"] = "jib", ["Jicarilla"] = "apj", ["Jie"] = "mis-jie", ["Jiiddu"] = "jii", ["Jilbe"] = "jie", ["Jili"] = "mgi", ["Jilim"] = "jil", ["Jimi"] = "jmi", ["Jimjimen"] = "jim", ["Jin"] = "cjy", ["Jina"] = "jia", ["Jingpho"] = "kac", ["Jingulu"] = "jig", ["Jiongnai Bunu"] = "pnu", ["Jirajara"] = "sai-jrj", ["Jirel"] = "jul", ["Jiru"] = "jrr", ["Jita"] = "jit", ["Jizhao"] = "mis-jzh", ["Jju"] = "kaj", ["Joba"] = "job", ["Jofotek-Bromnya"] = "jbr", ["Jola-Fonyi"] = "dyo", ["Jola-Kasa"] = "csk", ["Jonkor Bourmataguil"] = "jeu", ["Jordanian Sign Language"] = "jos", ["Jorá"] = "jor", ["Jowulu"] = "jow", ["Ju"] = "juu", ["Juang"] = "jun", ["Juba Arabic"] = "pga", ["Judeo-Italian"] = "itk", ["Judeo-Persian"] = "jpr", ["Judeo-Tat"] = "jdt", ["Jukun Takum"] = "jbu", ["Jumaytepeque"] = "nai-jum", ["Jumjum"] = "jum", ["Jumla Sign Language"] = "jus", ["Jumli"] = "jml", ["Jungle Inga"] = "inj", ["Juquila Mixe"] = "mxq", ["Jur Modo"] = "bex", ["Juray"] = "juy", ["Jurchen"] = "juc", ["Jurúna"] = "jur", ["Jutiapa"] = "nai-jtp", ["Jutish"] = "jut", ["Juwal"] = "mwb", ["Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"] = "vmc", ["Juǀ'hoan"] = "ktz", ["Jwira-Pepesa"] = "jwi", ["Júma"] = "jua", ["K'iche'"] = "quc", ["Kaamba"] = "xku", ["Kaan"] = "ldl", ["Kaang Chin"] = "ckn", ["Kaansa"] = "gna", ["Kaapor Sign Language"] = "uks", ["Kaba"] = "ksp", ["Kabalai"] = "kvf", ["Kabatei"] = "xkp", ["Kabba-Laka"] = "lap", ["Kabishiana"] = "tup-kab", ["Kabiye"] = "kbp", ["Kabola"] = "klz", ["Kabore One"] = "onk", ["Kabras"] = "lkb", ["Kaburi"] = "uka", ["Kabutra"] = "kbu", ["Kabuverdianu"] = "kea", ["Kabwa"] = "cwa", ["Kabwari"] = "kcw", ["Kabyle"] = "kab", ["Kachama-Ganjule"] = "kcx", ["Kachari"] = "xac", ["Kachchi"] = "kfr", ["Kachi Koli"] = "gjk", ["Kacipo-Balesi"] = "koe", ["Kaco'"] = "xkk", ["Kadai"] = "kzd", ["Kadar"] = "kej", ["Kadara"] = "kad", ["Kadaru"] = "kdu", ["Kadiwéu"] = "kbc", ["Kado"] = "kdv", ["Kadu (Myanmar)"] = "zkd", ["Kadugli"] = "xtc", ["Kaduo"] = "ktp", ["Kaera"] = "jka", ["Kafa"] = "kbr", ["Kafoa"] = "kpu", ["Kagan Kalagan"] = "kll", ["Kagate"] = "syw", ["Kagayanen"] = "cgc", ["Kagoma"] = "kdm", ["Kagoro"] = "xkg", ["Kagulu"] = "kki", ["Kahe"] = "hka", ["Kahua"] = "agw", ["Kaian"] = "kct", ["Kaibobo"] = "kzb", ["Kaidipang"] = "kzp", ["Kaiep"] = "kbw", ["Kaikadi"] = "kep", ["Kaike"] = "kzq", ["Kaiku"] = "kkq", ["Kaimbulawa"] = "zka", ["Kaimbé"] = "xai", ["Kaingang"] = "kgp", ["Kairak"] = "ckr", ["Kairiru"] = "kxa", ["Kairui-Midiki"] = "krd", ["Kais"] = "kzm", ["Kaitag"] = "xdq", ["Kaivi"] = "kce", ["Kaiwá"] = "kgk", ["Kaiy"] = "tcq", ["Kajakse"] = "ckq", ["Kajali"] = "xkj", ["Kajaman"] = "kag", ["Kakabai"] = "kqf", ["Kakabe"] = "kke", ["Kakanda"] = "kka", ["Kaki Ae"] = "tbd", ["Kakihum"] = "kxe", ["Kako"] = "kkj", ["Kakwa"] = "keo", ["Kala"] = "kcl", ["Kala Lagaw Ya"] = "mwp", ["Kalaamaya"] = "lkm", ["Kalabakan"] = "kve", ["Kalabari"] = "ijn", ["Kalabra"] = "kzz", ["Kalagan"] = "kqe", ["Kalaktang Monpa"] = "kkf", ["Kalam"] = "kmh", ["Kalami"] = "gwc", ["Kalamsé"] = "knz", ["Kalanadi"] = "wkl", ["Kalanga"] = "kck", ["Kalao"] = "kly", ["Kalapuya"] = "kyl", ["Kalarko"] = "kba", ["Kalasha"] = "kls", ["Kalasuri"] = "xme-kls", ["Kalašma"] = "ine-kal", ["Kalenjin"] = "kln", ["Kalinago"] = "crb", ["Kalkatungu"] = "ktg", ["Kalkoti"] = "xka", ["Kallawaya"] = "caw", ["Kalmyk"] = "xal", ["Kalo Finnish Romani"] = "rmf", ["Kalou"] = "ywa", ["Kaluli"] = "bco", ["Kalumpang"] = "kli", ["Kam"] = "kdx", ["Kamakan"] = "vkm", ["Kamang"] = "woi", ["Kamano"] = "kbq", ["Kamantan"] = "kci", ["Kamar"] = "keq", ["Kamara"] = "jmr", ["Kamarian"] = "kzx", ["Kamaru"] = "kgx", ["Kamarupi Prakrit"] = "inc-kam", ["Kamasa"] = "klp", ["Kamasau"] = "kms", ["Kamassian"] = "xas", ["Kamayo"] = "kyk", ["Kamayurá"] = "kay", ["Kamba"] = "kam", ["Kambaata"] = "ktb", ["Kambaira"] = "kyy", ["Kambera"] = "xbr", ["Kamberataro"] = "kbv", ["Kamberau"] = "irx", ["Kambiwá"] = "xbw", ["Kami"] = "kmi", ["Kamkata-viri"] = "bsh", ["Kamo"] = "kcq", ["Kamoro"] = "kgq", ["Kamta"] = "rkt", ["Kamu"] = "xmu", ["Kamula"] = "xla", ["Kamwe"] = "hig", ["Kanakanabu"] = "xnb", ["Kanakuru"] = "kna", ["Kanamari"] = "knm", ["Kanashi"] = "xns", ["Kanasi"] = "soq", ["Kandas"] = "kqw", ["Kandawo"] = "gam", ["Kande"] = "kbs", ["Kang"] = "kyp", ["Kanga"] = "kcp", ["Kangean"] = "kkv", ["Kanggape"] = "igm", ["Kangjia"] = "kxs", ["Kango"] = "kty", ["Kango-Sua"] = "kzy", ["Kangri"] = "xnr", ["Kaniet"] = "ktk", ["Kanikkaran"] = "kev", ["Kaningdon-Nindem"] = "kdp", ["Kaningi"] = "kzo", ["Kaningra"] = "knr", ["Kaninuwa"] = "wat", ["Kanite"] = "kmu", ["Kanjari"] = "kft", ["Kanju"] = "kbe", ["Kankanaey"] = "kne", ["Kannada"] = "kn", ["Kannada Kurumba"] = "kfi", ["Kannauji"] = "bjj", ["Kanowit"] = "kxn", ["Kanoé"] = "kxo", ["Kansa"] = "ksk", ["Kantosi"] = "xkt", ["Kanu"] = "khx", ["Kanufi"] = "kni", ["Kanuri"] = "kr", ["Kanyok"] = "kny", ["Kao"] = "kax", ["Kaonde"] = "kqn", ["Kap"] = "ykm", ["Kapampangan"] = "pam", ["Kapauri"] = "khp", ["Kapin"] = "tbx", ["Kapinawá"] = "xpn", ["Kapingamarangi"] = "kpg", ["Kapriman"] = "dju", ["Kaptiau"] = "kbi", ["Kapya"] = "klo", ["Kaqchikel"] = "cak", ["Kaqchikel-K'iche' Mixed Language"] = "ckz", ["Kara (New Guinea)"] = "leu", ["Kara (Tanzania)"] = "reg", ["Karachay-Balkar"] = "krc", ["Karadjeri"] = "gbd", ["Karaga Mandaya"] = "mry", ["Karaim"] = "kdr", ["Karajá"] = "kpj", ["Karakalpak"] = "kaa", ["Karakhanid"] = "xqa", ["Karami"] = "xar", ["Karamojong"] = "kdj", ["Karang"] = "kzr", ["Karanga"] = "kth", ["Karankawa"] = "zkk", ["Karao"] = "kyj", ["Karas"] = "kgv", ["Karata"] = "kpt", ["Karawa"] = "xrw", ["Karbi"] = "mjw", ["Kare (Central Africa)"] = "kbn", ["Kare (New Guinea)"] = "kmf", ["Karekare"] = "kai", ["Karelian"] = "krl", ["Karey"] = "kyd", ["Kari"] = "kbj", ["Kari'na"] = "car", ["Karian"] = "bql", ["Karingani"] = "kgn", ["Karipuna"] = "kuq", ["Karipúna Creole French"] = "kmv", ["Kariri"] = "kzw", ["Karitiâna"] = "ktn", ["Kariya"] = "kil", ["Kariyarra"] = "vka", ["Karkar-Yuri"] = "yuj", ["Karkin"] = "krb", ["Karko"] = "kko", ["Karnai"] = "bbv", ["Karo"] = "kxh", ["Karo Batak"] = "btx", ["Karok"] = "kyh", ["Karolanos"] = "kyn", ["Karon"] = "krx", ["Karon Dori"] = "kgw", ["Karore"] = "xkx", ["Karranga"] = "xrq", ["Karuwali"] = "rxw", ["Kasanga"] = "ccj", ["Kasem"] = "xsm", ["Kashaya"] = "kju", ["Kashmiri"] = "ks", ["Kashubian"] = "csb", ["Kasiguranin"] = "ksn", ["Kaska"] = "kkz", ["Kaskean"] = "zsk", ["Kaskihá"] = "gva", ["Kassite"] = "mis-kas", ["Kassonke"] = "kao", ["Kasua"] = "khs", ["Kataang"] = "kgd", ["Katabaga"] = "ktq", ["Katawixi"] = "xat", ["Katembri"] = "sai-kat", ["Kathlamet"] = "nai-kat", ["Kathoriya Tharu"] = "tkt", ["Kathu"] = "ykt", ["Katkari"] = "kfu", ["Katla"] = "kcr", ["Kato"] = "ktw", ["Katso"] = "kaf", ["Katua"] = "kta", ["Katukina"] = "knt", ["Kaulong"] = "pss", ["Kaur"] = "vkk", ["Kaure"] = "bpp", ["Kaurna"] = "zku", ["Kauwera"] = "xau", ["Kavalan"] = "ckv", ["Kavet"] = "krv", ["Kawacha"] = "kcb", ["Kawaiisu"] = "xaw", ["Kawe"] = "kgb", ["Kawishana"] = "awd-kaw", ["Kawésqar"] = "alc", ["Kaxararí"] = "ktx", ["Kaxuyana"] = "kbb", ["Kayabí"] = "kyz", ["Kayagar"] = "kyt", ["Kayan"] = "pdu", ["Kayan Mahakam"] = "xay", ["Kayan River Kayan"] = "xkn", ["Kayapa Kallahan"] = "kak", ["Kayapó"] = "txu", ["Kayardild"] = "gyd", ["Kayeli"] = "kzl", ["Kayong"] = "kxy", ["Kayort"] = "kyv", ["Kaytetye"] = "gbb", ["Kayupulau"] = "kzu", ["Kazakh"] = "kk", ["Kazukuru"] = "kzk", ["Ke'o"] = "xxk", ["Keak"] = "keh", ["Keapara"] = "khz", ["Kedah Malay"] = "meo", ["Kedang"] = "ksx", ["Keder"] = "kdy", ["Kehu"] = "khh", ["Kei"] = "kei", ["Keiga"] = "kec", ["Kein"] = "bmh", ["Keiyo"] = "eyo", ["Kela-Yela"] = "kel", ["Kelabit"] = "kzi", ["Kelantan Peranakan Hokkien"] = "mis-hkl", ["Keley-I Kallahan"] = "ify", ["Keliko"] = "kbo", ["Kelo"] = "xel", ["Kelon"] = "kyo", ["Kemak"] = "kem", ["Kembayan"] = "xem", ["Kemberano"] = "bzp", ["Kembra"] = "xkw", ["Kemezung"] = "dmo", ["Kemi Sami"] = "sjk", ["Kemiehua"] = "kfj", ["Kemtuik"] = "kmt", ["Kenaboi"] = "xbn", ["Kenati"] = "gat", ["Kendayan"] = "knx", ["Kendeje"] = "klf", ["Kendem"] = "kvm", ["Kenga"] = "kyq", ["Keningau Murut"] = "kxi", ["Keninjal"] = "knl", ["Kensiu"] = "kns", ["Kenswei Nsei"] = "ndb", ["Kenyan Sign Language"] = "xki", ["Kenyang"] = "ken", ["Kenyi"] = "lke", ["Keoru-Ahia"] = "xeu", ["Kepkiriwát"] = "kpn", ["Kepo'"] = "kuk", ["Kera"] = "ker", ["Kerak"] = "hhr", ["Kereho"] = "xke", ["Kerek"] = "krk", ["Kerewe"] = "ked", ["Kerewo"] = "kxz", ["Kerinci"] = "kvr", ["Kermanic"] = "xme-ker", ["Ket"] = "ket", ["Ketangalan"] = "kae", ["Kete"] = "kcv", ["Ketengban"] = "xte", ["Ketum"] = "ktt", ["Kewa"] = "kew", ["Keyagana"] = "kyg", ["Kgalagadi"] = "xkv", ["Khakas"] = "kjh", ["Khalaj"] = "klj", ["Khaling"] = "klr", ["Khamnigan Mongol"] = "ykh", ["Khamti"] = "kht", ["Khamyang"] = "ksu", ["Khana"] = "ogo", ["Khandeshi"] = "khn", ["Khao"] = "xao", ["Kharam Naga"] = "kfw", ["Kharia"] = "khr", ["Kharia Thar"] = "ksy", ["Khasi"] = "kha", ["Khayo"] = "lko", ["Khazar"] = "zkz", ["Khe"] = "kqg", ["Khehek"] = "tlx", ["Khengkha"] = "xkf", ["Khetrani"] = "xhe", ["Khezha Naga"] = "nkh", ["Khiamniungan Naga"] = "kix", ["Khinalug"] = "kjj", ["Khirwar"] = "kwx", ["Khisa"] = "kqm", ["Khitan"] = "zkt", ["Khlula"] = "ykl", ["Khmer"] = "km", ["Khmu"] = "kjg", ["Khoekhoe"] = "naq", ["Khoibu Naga"] = "nkb", ["Khoini"] = "xkc", ["Kholok"] = "ktc", ["Kholosi"] = "inc-kho", ["Khorasani Turkish"] = "kmz", ["Khorezmian Turkic"] = "zkh", ["Khotanese"] = "kho", ["Khowar"] = "khw", ["Khroskyabs"] = "jiq", ["Khua"] = "xhv", ["Khuen"] = "khf", ["Khumi Chin"] = "cnk", ["Khvarshi"] = "khv", ["Khwarezmian"] = "xco", ["Khwe"] = "xuu", ["Kháng"] = "kjm", ["Khün"] = "kkh", ["Kiautschou German Pidgin"] = "crp-kia", ["Kibala"] = "blv", ["Kibena"] = "bez", ["Kibet"] = "kie", ["Kibiri"] = "prm", ["Kichwa"] = "qwe-kch", ["Kickapoo"] = "kic", ["Kikai"] = "kzg", ["Kikami"] = "kcu", ["Kikuyu"] = "ki", ["Kildin Sami"] = "sjd", ["Kili"] = "tuw-kli", ["Kilit"] = "xme-klt", ["Kilivila"] = "kij", ["Kiliwa"] = "klb", ["Kilmeri"] = "kih", ["Kim"] = "kia", ["Kim Mun"] = "mji", ["Kimaama"] = "kig", ["Kimaragang"] = "kqr", ["Kimbu"] = "kiv", ["Kimbundu"] = "kmb", ["Kimki"] = "sbt", ["Kimré"] = "kqp", ["Kinabalian"] = "cbw", ["Kinalakna"] = "kco", ["Kinaray-a"] = "krj", ["Kinga"] = "zga", ["Kings River Yokuts"] = "yok-kry", ["Kinikinao"] = "gqn", ["Kinnauri"] = "kfk", ["Kintaq"] = "knq", ["Kinuku"] = "kkd", ["Kioko"] = "ues", ["Kiong"] = "kkm", ["Kiorr"] = "xko", ["Kiowa"] = "kio", ["Kipchak"] = "qwm", ["Kipfokomo"] = "pkb", ["Kipsigis"] = "sgc", ["Kiput"] = "kyi", ["Kir-Balar"] = "kkr", ["Kire"] = "geb", ["Kirfi"] = "kks", ["Kirike"] = "okr", ["Kirikiri"] = "kiy", ["Kirya-Konzel"] = "fkk", ["Kis"] = "kis", ["Kisa"] = "lks", ["Kisan"] = "xis", ["Kisankasa"] = "kqh", ["Kisar"] = "kje", ["Kisi"] = "kiz", ["Kistane"] = "gru", ["Kita Maninkakan"] = "mwk", ["Kitanemuk"] = "azc-ktn", ["Kitembo"] = "tbt", ["Kitja"] = "gia", ["Kitsai"] = "kii", ["Kituba"] = "ktu", ["Kiunum"] = "wei", ["Kla"] = "lda", ["Klallam"] = "clm", ["Klamath-Modoc"] = "kla", ["Klao"] = "klu", ["Klias River Kadazan"] = "kqt", ["Klingon"] = "tlh", ["Knaanic"] = "czk", ["Ko"] = "fuj", ["Koalib"] = "kib", ["Koasati"] = "cku", ["Koba"] = "kpd", ["Kobiana"] = "kcj", ["Kobol"] = "kgu", ["Kobon"] = "kpw", ["Koch"] = "kdq", ["Kochila Tharu"] = "thq", ["Koda"] = "cdz", ["Kodaku"] = "ksz", ["Kodava"] = "kfa", ["Kodeoha"] = "vko", ["Kodi"] = "kod", ["Kodia"] = "kwp", ["Koenoem"] = "kcs", ["Kofa"] = "kso", ["Kofei"] = "kpi", ["Kofyar"] = "kwl", ["Kohin"] = "kkx", ["Kohistani Shina"] = "plk", ["Koho"] = "kpm", ["Kohumono"] = "bcs", ["Koi"] = "kkt", ["Koibal"] = "zkb", ["Koireng"] = "nkd", ["Koitabu"] = "kqi", ["Koiwat"] = "kxt", ["Kok-Nar"] = "gko", ["Kok-Paponk"] = "okg", ["Kokata"] = "ktd", ["Kokborok"] = "trp", ["Koke"] = "kou", ["Koko-Bera"] = "kkp", ["Kokoda"] = "xod", ["Kokola"] = "kzn", ["Kokota"] = "kkk", ["Kol (Cameroon)"] = "biw", ["Kol (New Guinea)"] = "kol", ["Kola"] = "kvv", ["Kolami"] = "kfb", ["Kolbila"] = "klc", ["Kolhe"] = "ekl", ["Kolibugan Subanon"] = "skn", ["Kolom"] = "klm", ["Koluwawa"] = "klx", ["Kom (Cameroon)"] = "bkm", ["Kom (India)"] = "kmm", ["Koma"] = "kmy", ["Komba"] = "kpf", ["Kombai"] = "tyn", ["Kombio"] = "xbi", ["Komering"] = "kge", ["Komi-Permyak"] = "koi", ["Komi-Yazva"] = "urj-kya", ["Komi-Zyrian"] = "kpv", ["Kominimung"] = "xoi", ["Komo"] = "xom", ["Komodo"] = "kvh", ["Kompane"] = "kvp", ["Komyandaret"] = "kzv", ["Kon Keu"] = "kkn", ["Konabéré"] = "bbo", ["Konai"] = "kxw", ["Konda"] = "knd", ["Konda-Dora"] = "kfc", ["Kondekor"] = "gau", ["Koneraw"] = "kdw", ["Kongo"] = "kg", ["Konkani"] = "kok", ["Konkomba"] = "xon", ["Konni"] = "kma", ["Kono (Guinea)"] = "knu", ["Kono (Nigeria)"] = "klk", ["Kono (Sierra Leone)"] = "kno", ["Konomala"] = "koa", ["Konomihu"] = "nai-knm", ["Konongo"] = "kcz", ["Konso"] = "kxc", ["Konyak Naga"] = "nbe", ["Konyanka Maninka"] = "mku", ["Konzo"] = "koo", ["Koonzime"] = "ozm", ["Koorete"] = "kqy", ["Kopar"] = "xop", ["Kopkaka"] = "opk", ["Korafe-Yegha"] = "kpr", ["Korak"] = "koz", ["Korana"] = "kqz", ["Korandje"] = "kcy", ["Korean"] = "ko", ["Korean Sign Language"] = "kvk", ["Koreguaje"] = "coe", ["Koresh-e Rostam"] = "okh", ["Korku"] = "kfq", ["Korlai Creole Portuguese"] = "vkp", ["Koro (India)"] = "jkr", ["Koro (Vanuatu)"] = "krf", ["Koro (West Africa)"] = "kfo", ["Koromfé"] = "kfz", ["Koromira"] = "kqj", ["Koromu"] = "xes", ["Koronadal Blaan"] = "bpr", ["Koroni"] = "xkq", ["Korop"] = "krp", ["Koropó"] = "xxr", ["Koroshi"] = "ktl", ["Korowai"] = "khe", ["Korra Koraga"] = "kfd", ["Korubo"] = "xor", ["Korupun-Sela"] = "kpq", ["Korwa"] = "kfp", ["Koryak"] = "kpy", ["Kosadle"] = "kiq", ["Kosarek Yale"] = "kkl", ["Koshin"] = "kid", ["Kosraean"] = "kos", ["Kota (Gabon)"] = "koq", ["Kota (India)"] = "kfe", ["Kota Bangun Kutai Malay"] = "mqg", ["Kota Marudu Talantang"] = "grm", ["Kotafon Gbe"] = "kqk", ["Kotava"] = "avk", ["Koti"] = "eko", ["Kott"] = "zko", ["Kou"] = "snz", ["Kouya"] = "kyf", ["Kovai"] = "kqb", ["Kove"] = "kvc", ["Kowaki"] = "xow", ["Kowiai"] = "kwh", ["Koy Sanjaq Surat"] = "kqd", ["Koya"] = "kff", ["Koyaga"] = "kga", ["Koyo"] = "koh", ["Koyra Chiini"] = "khq", ["Koyraboro Senni"] = "ses", ["Koyukon"] = "koy", ["Kpagua"] = "kuw", ["Kpala"] = "kpl", ["Kpan"] = "kpk", ["Kpasam"] = "pbn", ["Kpati"] = "koc", ["Kpatili"] = "kym", ["Kpee"] = "cpo", ["Kpelle"] = "kpe", ["Kpessi"] = "kef", ["Kplang"] = "kph", ["Krache"] = "kye", ["Krahô"] = "xra", ["Kraol"] = "rka", ["Krenak"] = "kqq", ["Kresh"] = "krs", ["Krevinian"] = "zkv", ["Kreye"] = "xre", ["Krikati-Timbira"] = "xri", ["Krim"] = "krm", ["Krio"] = "kri", ["Krisa"] = "ksi", ["Kristang"] = "mcm", ["Krobu"] = "kxb", ["Krongo"] = "kgo", ["Kru'ng"] = "krr", ["Krymchak"] = "jct", ["Kryts"] = "kry", ["Ktunaxa"] = "kut", ["Kua"] = "tyu", ["Kua-nsi"] = "ykn", ["Kuamasi"] = "yku", ["Kuan"] = "uan", ["Kuanhua"] = "xnh", ["Kube"] = "kgf", ["Kubi"] = "kof", ["Kubo"] = "jko", ["Kubu"] = "kvb", ["Kucong"] = "lkc", ["Kudiya"] = "kfg", ["Kudmali"] = "kyw", ["Kudu-Camo"] = "kov", ["Kugama"] = "kow", ["Kugbo"] = "kes", ["Kugu-Muminh"] = "xmh", ["Kui (India)"] = "kxu", ["Kui (Indonesia)"] = "kvd", ["Kuijau"] = "dkr", ["Kuikúro"] = "kui", ["Kujarge"] = "vkj", ["Kuk"] = "kfn", ["Kukatja"] = "kux", ["Kukele"] = "kez", ["Kukkuzi"] = "urj-kuk", ["Kukna"] = "kex", ["Kuku-Mangk"] = "xmq", ["Kuku-Mu'inh"] = "xmp", ["Kuku-Thaypan"] = "typ", ["Kuku-Ugbanh"] = "ugb", ["Kuku-Uwanh"] = "uwa", ["Kuku-Yalanji"] = "gvn", ["Kula"] = "tpg", ["Kulaal"] = "glj", ["Kulere"] = "kul", ["Kulfa"] = "kxj", ["Kulina"] = "xpk", ["Kulisusu"] = "vkl", ["Kullu Pahari"] = "kfx", ["Kulon"] = "uon", ["Kulung"] = "kle", ["Kumak"] = "nee", ["Kumalu"] = "ksl", ["Kumam"] = "kdi", ["Kuman"] = "kue", ["Kumaoni"] = "kfy", ["Kumarbhag Paharia"] = "kmj", ["Kumba"] = "ksm", ["Kumbainggar"] = "kgs", ["Kumbaran"] = "wkb", ["Kumbewaha"] = "xks", ["Kumeyaay"] = "nai-kum", ["Kumhali"] = "kra", ["Kumu"] = "kmw", ["Kumukio"] = "kuo", ["Kumyk"] = "kum", ["Kumzari"] = "zum", ["Kuna"] = "cuk", ["Kunama"] = "kun", ["Kunbarlang"] = "wlg", ["Kunda"] = "kdn", ["Kundal Shahi"] = "shd", ["Kunduvadi"] = "wku", ["Kung"] = "kfl", ["Kungarakany"] = "ggk", ["Kungardutyi"] = "gdt", ["Kunggari"] = "kgl", ["Kungkari"] = "lku", ["Kuni"] = "kse", ["Kuni-Boazi"] = "kvg", ["Kunigami"] = "xug", ["Kunimaipa"] = "kup", ["Kunja"] = "pep", ["Kunjen"] = "kjn", ["Kunyi"] = "njx", ["Kunza"] = "kuz", ["Kuo"] = "xuo", ["Kuot"] = "kto", ["Kupa"] = "kug", ["Kupang Malay"] = "mkn", ["Kupia"] = "key", ["Kupsabiny"] = "kpz", ["Kur"] = "kuv", ["Kura Ede Nago"] = "nqk", ["Kurama"] = "krh", ["Kuranko"] = "knk", ["Kuri"] = "nbn", ["Kuria"] = "kuj", ["Kurichiya"] = "kfh", ["Kurmukar"] = "kfv", ["Kurnai"] = "unn", ["Kurrama"] = "vku", ["Kursav"] = "faj", ["Kurti"] = "ktm", ["Kurtjar"] = "gdj", ["Kurtöp"] = "xkz", ["Kurudu"] = "kjr", ["Kurux"] = "kru", ["Kuruáya"] = "kyr", ["Kusaal"] = "kus", ["Kusaghe"] = "ksg", ["Kushi"] = "kuh", ["Kustenau"] = "awd-kus", ["Kusu"] = "ksv", ["Kusunda"] = "kgg", ["Kutang Ghale"] = "ght", ["Kutep"] = "kub", ["Kuthant"] = "xut", ["Kutto"] = "kpa", ["Kutu"] = "kdc", ["Kuturmi"] = "khj", ["Kuuk Thaayorre"] = "thd", ["Kuuk Yak"] = "uky", ["Kuuku-Ya'u"] = "kuy", ["Kuvale"] = "olu", ["Kuvi"] = "kxv", ["Kuwaa"] = "blh", ["Kuwaataay"] = "cwt", ["Kuwani"] = "paa-kwn", ["Kuy"] = "kdt", ["Kven"] = "fkv", ["Kw'adza"] = "wka", ["Kwa'"] = "bko", ["Kwaami"] = "ksq", ["Kwadi"] = "kwz", ["Kwaio"] = "kwd", ["Kwaja"] = "kdz", ["Kwak"] = "kwq", ["Kwak'wala"] = "kwk", ["Kwakum"] = "kwu", ["Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai"] = "qwt", ["Kwama"] = "kmq", ["Kwambi"] = "kwm", ["Kwamera"] = "tnk", ["Kwami"] = "ktf", ["Kwamtim One"] = "okk", ["Kwang"] = "kvi", ["Kwanga"] = "kwj", ["Kwangali"] = "kwn", ["Kwanja"] = "knp", ["Kwanka"] = "bij", ["Kwanyama"] = "kj", ["Kwara'ae"] = "kwf", ["Kwasio"] = "nmg", ["Kwaya"] = "kya", ["Kwaza"] = "xwa", ["Kwegu"] = "xwg", ["Kwer"] = "kwr", ["Kwerba"] = "kwe", ["Kwerba Mamberamo"] = "xwr", ["Kwere"] = "cwe", ["Kwerisa"] = "kkb", ["Kwese"] = "kws", ["Kwesten"] = "kwt", ["Kwini"] = "gww", ["Kwinsu"] = "kuc", ["Kwinti"] = "kww", ["Kwoma"] = "kmo", ["Kwomtari"] = "kwo", ["Kyak"] = "bka", ["Kyaka"] = "kyc", ["Kyakala"] = "tuw-kkl", ["Kyan-Karyaw Naga"] = "nqq", ["Kyenele"] = "kql", ["Kyenga"] = "tye", ["Kyerung"] = "kgy", ["Kyrgyz"] = "ky", ["Kâte"] = "kmg", ["Kélé"] = "keb", ["Kómnzo"] = "paa-kmn", ["La'bi"] = "lbi", ["Laal"] = "gdm", ["Laalaa"] = "cae", ["Laba"] = "lau", ["Label"] = "lbb", ["Labir"] = "jku", ["Labo"] = "mwi", ["Labo Phowa"] = "ypb", ["Laboya"] = "lmy", ["Labu"] = "lbu", ["Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan"] = "dtb", ["Lacandon"] = "lac", ["Lachi"] = "lbt", ["Lachiguiri Zapotec"] = "zpa", ["Lachixío Zapotec"] = "zpl", ["Ladakhi"] = "lbj", ["Ladin"] = "lld", ["Ladino"] = "lad", ["Ladji-Ladji"] = "llj", ["Laeko-Libuat"] = "lkl", ["Lafofa"] = "laf", ["Laghu"] = "lgb", ["Laghuu"] = "lgh", ["Lagwan"] = "kot", ["Laha (Indonesia)"] = "lhh", ["Laha (Vietnam)"] = "lha", ["Lahanan"] = "lhn", ["Lahnda"] = "lah", ["Lahta Karen"] = "kvt", ["Lahu"] = "lhu", ["Lahu Shi"] = "lhi", ["Lahul Lohar"] = "lhl", ["Lai"] = "cnh", ["Laimbue"] = "lmx", ["Laitu Chin"] = "clj", ["Laiyolo"] = "lji", ["Lak"] = "lbe", ["Laka"] = "lak", ["Lakalei"] = "lka", ["Lake Miwok"] = "lmw", ["Lakha"] = "lkh", ["Laki"] = "lki", ["Lakkia"] = "lbc", ["Lakon"] = "lkn", ["Lakondê"] = "lkd", ["Lakota"] = "lkt", ["Lakota Dida"] = "dic", ["Lala (New Guinea)"] = "nrz", ["Lala (South Africa)"] = "bnt-lal", ["Lala-Bisa"] = "leb", ["Lala-Roba"] = "lla", ["Lalana Chinantec"] = "cnl", ["Lama Bai"] = "lay", ["Lamaholot"] = "slp", ["Lamalera"] = "lmr", ["Lamang"] = "hia", ["Lamatuka"] = "lmq", ["Lamba"] = "lam", ["Lambadi"] = "lmn", ["Lambichhong"] = "lmh", ["Lambya"] = "lai", ["Lame"] = "bma", ["Lamenu"] = "lmu", ["Lamet"] = "lbn", ["Lamja-Dengsa-Tola"] = "ldh", ["Lamkang"] = "lmk", ["Lamma"] = "lev", ["Lamnso'"] = "lns", ["Lamogai"] = "lmg", ["Lampung Api"] = "ljp", ["Lamu"] = "llh", ["Lamu-Lamu"] = "lby", ["Lanas Lobu"] = "ruu", ["Landoma"] = "ldm", ["Lang'e"] = "yne", ["Langbashe"] = "lna", ["Langi"] = "lag", ["Langnian Buyang"] = "yln", ["Lango (Sudan)"] = "lno", ["Lango (Uganda)"] = "laj", ["Lanima"] = "lnw", ["Lanoh"] = "lnh", ["Lao"] = "lo", ["Lao Naga"] = "nlq", ["Laomian"] = "lwm", ["Laopang"] = "lbg", ["Laos Sign Language"] = "lso", ["Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec"] = "ztl", ["Lapine"] = "art-lap", ["Lapuyan Subanun"] = "laa", ["Laragia"] = "lrg", ["Larantuka Malay"] = "lrt", ["Lardil"] = "lbz", ["Larestani"] = "lrl", ["Larike-Wakasihu"] = "alo", ["Laro"] = "lro", ["Larteh"] = "lar", ["Laru"] = "lan", ["Larëvat"] = "lrv", ["Lasalimu"] = "llm", ["Lasgerdi"] = "lsa", ["Lashi"] = "lsi", ["Lasi"] = "lss", ["Latgalian"] = "ltg", ["Latin"] = "la", ["Latu"] = "ltu", ["Latundê"] = "ltn", ["Latvian"] = "lv", ["Latvian Sign Language"] = "lsl", ["Lau"] = "llu", ["Laua"] = "luf", ["Lauan"] = "llx", ["Lauje"] = "law", ["Laura"] = "lur", ["Laurentian"] = "lre", ["Lavatbura-Lamusong"] = "lbv", ["Lave"] = "brb", ["Laven"] = "lbo", ["Lavukaleve"] = "lvk", ["Lawangan"] = "lbx", ["Lawi"] = "lvi", ["Lawu"] = "lwu", ["Lawunuia"] = "tgi", ["Layakha"] = "lya", ["Laz"] = "lzz", ["Laze"] = "tbq-laz", ["Lealao Chinantec"] = "cle", ["Leco"] = "lec", ["Ledo Kaili"] = "lew", ["Leelau"] = "ldk", ["Lefa"] = "lfa", ["Lega-Mwenga"] = "lgm", ["Lega-Shabunda"] = "lea", ["Legbo"] = "agb", ["Legenyem"] = "lcc", ["Lehali"] = "tql", ["Leinong Naga"] = "lzn", ["Leipon"] = "lek", ["Leitre"] = "paa-lei", ["Leizhou Min"] = "luh", ["Lela"] = "dri", ["Lelak"] = "llk", ["Lele (Chad)"] = "lln", ["Lele (Congo)"] = "lel", ["Lele (Guinea)"] = "llc", ["Lele (New Guinea)"] = "lle", ["Lelemi"] = "lef", ["Lelepa"] = "lpa", ["Lembena"] = "leq", ["Lemerig"] = "lrz", ["Lemio"] = "lei", ["Lemnian"] = "xle", ["Lemolang"] = "ley", ["Lemoro"] = "ldj", ["Lenakel"] = "tnl", ["Lendu"] = "led", ["Lengilu"] = "lgi", ["Lengo"] = "lgr", ["Lengola"] = "lej", ["Lenje"] = "leh", ["Lenkau"] = "ler", ["Lenyima"] = "ldg", ["Leonese"] = "roa-leo", ["Lepcha"] = "lep", ["Lepki"] = "lpe", ["Lepontic"] = "xlp", ["Lere"] = "gnh", ["Lese"] = "les", ["Lesing-Gelimi"] = "let", ["Letemboi"] = "nms", ["Leti"] = "lti", ["Levuka"] = "lvu", ["Lewo"] = "lww", ["Lewo Eleng"] = "lwe", ["Lewotobi"] = "lwt", ["Leyigha"] = "ayi", ["Lezgi"] = "lez", ["Lhao Vo"] = "mhx", ["Lhokpu"] = "lhp", ["Li'o"] = "ljl", ["Liabuku"] = "lix", ["Liana-Seti"] = "ste", ["Liangmai Naga"] = "njn", ["Liberia Kpelle"] = "xpe", ["Liberian Kreyol"] = "lir", ["Libido"] = "liq", ["Libinza"] = "liz", ["Libon Bikol"] = "lbl", ["Liburnian"] = "xli", ["Libyan Arabic"] = "ayl", ["Libyan Sign Language"] = "lbs", ["Ligbi"] = "lig", ["Ligenza"] = "lgz", ["Ligurian"] = "lij", ["Lihir"] = "lih", ["Lika"] = "lik", ["Liki"] = "lio", ["Likila"] = "lie", ["Likuba"] = "kxx", ["Likum"] = "lib", ["Likwala"] = "kwc", ["Lilau"] = "lll", ["Lillooet"] = "lil", ["Limassa"] = "bme", ["Limbu"] = "lif", ["Limbum"] = "lmp", ["Limburgish"] = "li", ["Limi"] = "ylm", ["Limilngan"] = "lmc", ["Limos Kalinga"] = "kmk", ["Lindu"] = "klw", ["Linear A"] = "lab", ["Lingala"] = "ln", ["Lingao"] = "onb", ["Lingkhim"] = "lii", ["Lingua Franca Nova"] = "lfn", ["Linngithigh"] = "lnj", ["Lipan"] = "apl", ["Lipo"] = "lpo", ["Lisabata-Nuniali"] = "lcs", ["Lisela"] = "lcl", ["Lish"] = "lsh", ["Lishana Deni"] = "lsd", ["Lishanid Noshan"] = "aij", ["Lishán Didán"] = "trg", ["Lisu"] = "lis", ["Lithuanian"] = "lt", ["Lithuanian Sign Language"] = "lls", ["Little Swanport"] = "aus-lsw", ["Litzlitz"] = "lzl", ["Livonian"] = "liv", ["Livvi"] = "olo", ["Lizu"] = "sit-liz", ["Lo-Toga"] = "lht", ["Loarki"] = "lrk", ["Lobala"] = "loq", ["Lobi"] = "lob", ["Lodhi"] = "lbm", ["Logba"] = "lgq", ["Logo"] = "log", ["Logol"] = "lof", ["Logooli"] = "rag", ["Logorik"] = "liu", ["Lojban"] = "jbo", ["Lokaa"] = "yaz", ["Loko"] = "lok", ["Lokono"] = "arw", ["Lokoya"] = "lky", ["Lola"] = "lcd", ["Lolak"] = "llq", ["Lole"] = "llg", ["Lolo"] = "llb", ["Loloda"] = "loa", ["Lolopo"] = "ycl", ["Loma"] = "lom", ["Lomaiviti"] = "lmv", ["Lomakka"] = "loi", ["Lomavren"] = "rmi", ["Lombard"] = "lmo", ["Lombi"] = "lmi", ["Lombo"] = "loo", ["Lomwe"] = "ngl", ["Loncong"] = "lce", ["Long Phuri Naga"] = "lpn", ["Long Wat"] = "ttw", ["Longgu"] = "lgu", ["Longjia"] = "sit-lnj", ["Longto"] = "wok", ["Longuda"] = "lnu", ["Longyan Min"] = "nan-lnx", ["Loniu"] = "los", ["Lonwolwol"] = "crc", ["Loo"] = "ldo", ["Lopa"] = "lop", ["Lope"] = "yiu", ["Lopi"] = "lov", ["Lopit"] = "lpx", ["Lorang"] = "lrn", ["Lorediakarkar"] = "lnn", ["Lorrain"] = "roa-lor", ["Lote"] = "uvl", ["Lotha Naga"] = "njh", ["Lotud"] = "dtr", ["Lotuko"] = "lot", ["Lou"] = "loj", ["Louisiana Creole"] = "lou", ["Loun"] = "lox", ["Loup A"] = "xlo", ["Loup B"] = "xlb", ["Lovono"] = "vnk", ["Low German"] = "nds", ["Lower Burdekin"] = "xbb", ["Lower Chehalis"] = "cea", ["Lower Grand Valley Dani"] = "dni", ["Lower Mandobo"] = "bwp", ["Lower Nossob"] = "nsb", ["Lower Sorbian"] = "dsb", ["Lower Southern Aranda"] = "axl", ["Lower Ta'oih"] = "tto", ["Lower Tanana"] = "taa", ["Lowland Oaxaca Chontal"] = "clo", ["Lowland Tarahumara"] = "tac", ["Loxicha Zapotec"] = "ztp", ["Lozi"] = "loz", ["Luang"] = "lex", ["Luba-Kasai"] = "lua", ["Luba-Katanga"] = "lu", ["Lubila"] = "kcc", ["Lubu"] = "lcf", ["Lubuagan Kalinga"] = "knb", ["Luchazi"] = "lch", ["Lucumí"] = "luq", ["Ludian"] = "lud", ["Lufu"] = "ldq", ["Luganda"] = "lg", ["Lugbara"] = "lgg", ["Luguru"] = "ruf", ["Luhu"] = "lcq", ["Luhya"] = "luy", ["Luimbi"] = "lum", ["Luiseño"] = "lui", ["Lukpa"] = "dop", ["Lule"] = "ule", ["Lule Sami"] = "smj", ["Lumba-Yakkha"] = "luu", ["Lumbu"] = "lup", ["Lumun"] = "lmd", ["Lun Bawang"] = "lnd", ["Luna"] = "luj", ["Lunanakha"] = "luk", ["Lunda"] = "lun", ["Lungga"] = "lga", ["Luo"] = "luo", ["Luopohe Hmong"] = "hml", ["Luren"] = "sit-lrn", ["Luri (Nigeria)"] = "ldd", ["Lusengo"] = "lse", ["Lushootseed"] = "lut", ["Lusi"] = "khl", ["Lusitanian"] = "xls", ["Lutachoni"] = "lts", ["Lutos"] = "ndy", ["Lutuv"] = "clt", ["Luvale"] = "lue", ["Luwati"] = "luv", ["Luwian"] = "xlu", ["Luwo"] = "lwo", ["Luxembourgish"] = "lb", ["Luyana"] = "lyn", ["Lwalu"] = "lwa", ["Lwel"] = "lvl", ["Lycian"] = "xlc", ["Lydian"] = "xld", ["Lyngngam"] = "lyg", ["Lyélé"] = "lee", ["Láadan"] = "ldn", ["Láá Láá Bwamu"] = "bwj", ["Löyöp"] = "urr", ["Lü"] = "khb", ["Ma"] = "msj", ["Ma Manda"] = "skc", ["Ma'anyan"] = "mhy", ["Ma'di"] = "mhi", ["Ma'ya"] = "slz", ["Maaka"] = "mew", ["Maale"] = "mdy", ["Maasai"] = "mas", ["Maay"] = "ymm", ["Maba"] = "mqa", ["Mabaale"] = "mmz", ["Mabaan"] = "mfz", ["Mabaka Valley Kalinga"] = "kkg", ["Mabire"] = "muj", ["Maca"] = "mca", ["Macaguaje"] = "mcl", ["Macaguán"] = "mbn", ["Macanese"] = "mzs", ["Macau Pidgin Portuguese"] = "crp-mpp", ["Macedonian"] = "mk", ["Machame"] = "jmc", ["Machiguenga"] = "mcb", ["Machinere"] = "mpd", ["Machinga"] = "mvw", ["Macoris"] = "nai-mac", ["Macuna"] = "myy", ["Macushi"] = "mbc", ["Mada (Cameroon)"] = "mxu", ["Mada (Nigeria)"] = "mda", ["Madagascar Sign Language"] = "mzc", ["Madak"] = "mmx", ["Maden"] = "xmx", ["Madhi Madhi"] = "dmd", ["Madi"] = "grg", ["Madngele"] = "zml", ["Madukayang Kalinga"] = "kmd", ["Madurese"] = "mad", ["Maeng Itneg"] = "itt", ["Mafa"] = "maf", ["Mag-Anchi Ayta"] = "sgb", ["Mag-Indi Ayta"] = "blx", ["Magahat"] = "mtw", ["Magahi"] = "mag", ["Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec"] = "xtm", ["Magi"] = "gkd", ["Magiyi"] = "gmg", ["Magoma"] = "gmx", ["Magori"] = "zgr", ["Maguindanao"] = "mdh", ["Mahali"] = "mjx", ["Mahasu Pahari"] = "bfz", ["Mahican"] = "mjy", ["Mahongwe"] = "mhb", ["Mahou"] = "mxx", ["Maia"] = "sks", ["Maiadomu"] = "mzz", ["Maiani"] = "tnh", ["Maii"] = "mmm", ["Mailu"] = "mgu", ["Maindo"] = "cwb", ["Maipure"] = "awd-mpr", ["Mairasi"] = "zrs", ["Maisin"] = "mbq", ["Maithili"] = "mai", ["Maiwa (Indonesia)"] = "wmm", ["Maiwa (New Guinea)"] = "mti", ["Maiwala"] = "mum", ["Majang"] = "mpe", ["Majera"] = "xmj", ["Majhi"] = "mjz", ["Majhwar"] = "mmj", ["Mak (China)"] = "mkg", ["Mak (Nigeria)"] = "pbl", ["Makaa"] = "mcp", ["Makah"] = "myh", ["Makalero"] = "mjb", ["Makasae"] = "mkz", ["Makasar"] = "mak", ["Makassar Malay"] = "mfp", ["Makayam"] = "aup", ["Makhuwa"] = "vmw", ["Makhuwa-Marrevone"] = "xmc", ["Makhuwa-Meetto"] = "mgh", ["Makhuwa-Moniga"] = "mhm", ["Makhuwa-Saka"] = "xsq", ["Makhuwa-Shirima"] = "vmk", ["Maklew"] = "mgf", ["Makolkol"] = "zmh", ["Makonde"] = "kde", ["Maku"] = "xak", ["Maku'a"] = "lva", ["Makuri Naga"] = "jmn", ["Makuráp"] = "mpu", ["Makwe"] = "ymk", ["Makyan Naga"] = "umn", ["Mal"] = "mlf", ["Mal Paharia"] = "mkb", ["Mala (New Guinea)"] = "ped", ["Mala (Nigeria)"] = "ruy", ["Mala Malasar"] = "ima", ["Malaccan Creole Malay"] = "ccm", ["Malagasy"] = "mg", ["Malalamai"] = "mmt", ["Malalí"] = "sai-mal", ["Malango"] = "mln", ["Malankuravan"] = "mjo", ["Malapandaram"] = "mjp", ["Malaryan"] = "mjq", ["Malas"] = "mkr", ["Malasanga"] = "mqz", ["Malasar"] = "ymr", ["Malavedan"] = "mjr", ["Malawi Lomwe"] = "lon", ["Malawian Sign Language"] = "lws", ["Malay"] = "ms", ["Malayalam"] = "ml", ["Malayic Dayak"] = "xdy", ["Malaynon"] = "mlz", ["Malaysian Sign Language"] = "xml", ["Malba Birifor"] = "bfo", ["Male"] = "mdc", ["Malecite-Passamaquoddy"] = "pqm", ["Maleng"] = "pkt", ["Maleu-Kilenge"] = "mgl", ["Malfaxal"] = "mlx", ["Malgana"] = "vml", ["Malgbe"] = "mxf", ["Mali"] = "gcc", ["Malibu"] = "sai-mlb", ["Malila"] = "mgq", ["Malimba"] = "mzd", ["Malimpung"] = "mli", ["Malinaltepec Tlapanec"] = "tcf", ["Malol"] = "mbk", ["Maltese"] = "mt", ["Maltese Sign Language"] = "mdl", ["Malua Bay"] = "mll", ["Malvi"] = "mup", ["Maléku Jaíka"] = "gut", ["Mam"] = "mam", ["Mama"] = "mma", ["Mamaa"] = "mhf", ["Mamaindé"] = "wmd", ["Mamanwa"] = "mmn", ["Mamara"] = "myk", ["Mamasa"] = "mqj", ["Mambae"] = "mgm", ["Mambai"] = "mcs", ["Mamboru"] = "mvd", ["Mambwe-Lungu"] = "mgr", ["Mampruli"] = "maw", ["Mamuju"] = "mqx", ["Mamulique"] = "emm", ["Mamusi"] = "kdf", ["Mamvu"] = "mdi", ["Man Met"] = "mml", ["Manado Malay"] = "xmm", ["Manam"] = "mva", ["Manambu"] = "mle", ["Manangba"] = "nmm", ["Manangkari"] = "znk", ["Manao"] = "awd-man", ["Manat"] = "pmr", ["Manchu"] = "mnc", ["Manda (Australia)"] = "zma", ["Manda (India)"] = "mha", ["Manda (Tanzania)"] = "mgs", ["Mandahuaca"] = "mht", ["Mandaic"] = "mid", ["Mandailing Batak"] = "btm", ["Mandalorian"] = "art-man", ["Mandan"] = "mhq", ["Mandandanyi"] = "zmk", ["Mandar"] = "mdr", ["Mandara"] = "tbf", ["Mandari"] = "mqu", ["Mandarin"] = "cmn", ["Mandeali"] = "mjl", ["Mander"] = "mqr", ["Mandingo"] = "man", ["Mandinka"] = "mnk", ["Mandjak"] = "mfv", ["Manem"] = "jet", ["Mang"] = "zng", ["Mangala"] = "mem", ["Mangarayi"] = "mpc", ["Mangarevan"] = "mrv", ["Mangas"] = "zns", ["Mangayat"] = "myj", ["Mangbetu"] = "mdj", ["Mangbutu"] = "mdk", ["Mangerr"] = "zme", ["Mangga Buang"] = "mmo", ["Manggarai"] = "mqy", ["Mangghuer"] = "mjg-mgr", ["Mango"] = "mge", ["Mangole"] = "mqc", ["Mangseng"] = "mbh", ["Manigri-Kambolé Ede Nago"] = "xkb", ["Manipa"] = "mqp", ["Manipuri"] = "mni", ["Mankanya"] = "knf", ["Mankiyali"] = "nlm", ["Manna-Dora"] = "mju", ["Mannan"] = "mjv", ["Mano"] = "mev", ["Manombai"] = "woo", ["Mansaka"] = "msk", ["Mansoanka"] = "msw", ["Manta"] = "myg", ["Mantsi"] = "nty", ["Manumanaw Karen"] = "kxf", ["Manus Koro"] = "kxr", ["Manusela"] = "wha", ["Manx"] = "gv", ["Manya"] = "mzj", ["Manyawa"] = "mny", ["Manza"] = "mzv", ["Mao Naga"] = "nbi", ["Maonan"] = "mmd", ["Maore Comorian"] = "swb", ["Mape"] = "mlh", ["Mapena"] = "mnm", ["Mapia"] = "mpy", ["Mapidian"] = "mpw", ["Mapos Buang"] = "bzh", ["Mapoyo"] = "mcg", ["Mapudungun"] = "arn", ["Mapun"] = "sjm", ["Mara"] = "mec", ["Mara Chin"] = "mrh", ["Marachi"] = "lri", ["Maraghei"] = "vmh", ["Maragus"] = "mrs", ["Maram Naga"] = "nma", ["Marama"] = "lrm", ["Maranao"] = "mrw", ["Maranungku"] = "zmr", ["Mararit"] = "mgb", ["Marathi"] = "mr", ["Maratino"] = "sai-mar", ["Marau"] = "mvr", ["Marawan"] = "awd-mar", ["Marba"] = "mpg", ["Marenje"] = "vmr", ["Marfa"] = "mvu", ["Margany"] = "zmc", ["Marghi South"] = "mfm", ["Margi"] = "mrt", ["Mari (Austronesian)"] = "hob", ["Mari (Sepik)"] = "mbx", ["Maria"] = "mds", ["Mariaté"] = "awd-mrt", ["Maricopa"] = "mrc", ["Maridan"] = "zmd", ["Maridjabin"] = "zmj", ["Marik"] = "dad", ["Marimanindji"] = "zmm", ["Marind"] = "mrz", ["Maring"] = "mbw", ["Maring Naga"] = "nng", ["Maringarr"] = "zmt", ["Mariri"] = "mqi", ["Maritime Sign Language"] = "nsr", ["Maritsauá"] = "msp", ["Mariupol Greek"] = "grk-mar", ["Mariyedi"] = "zmy", ["Marka"] = "rkm", ["Markweeta"] = "enb", ["Marma"] = "rmz", ["Maroon Spirit Language"] = "crp-mar", ["Marovo"] = "mvo", ["Marrgu"] = "mhg", ["Marriammu"] = "xru", ["Marrithiyel"] = "mfr", ["Marrucinian"] = "umc", ["Marshallese"] = "mh", ["Marsian"] = "ims", ["Martha's Vineyard Sign Language"] = "mre", ["Marti Ke"] = "zmg", ["Martu Wangka"] = "mpj", ["Martuthunira"] = "vma", ["Marwari"] = "mwr", ["Marúbo"] = "mzr", ["Masaba"] = "myx", ["Masadiit Itneg"] = "tis", ["Masakará"] = "sai-msk", ["Masalit"] = "mls", ["Masana"] = "mcn", ["Masbate Sorsogon"] = "bks", ["Masbatenyo"] = "msb", ["Mashco Piro"] = "cuj", ["Mashi"] = "mho", ["Masimasi"] = "ism", ["Masiwang"] = "bnf", ["Maskelynes"] = "klv", ["Maslam"] = "msv", ["Masmaje"] = "mes", ["Massachusett"] = "wam", ["Massalat"] = "mdg", ["Massep"] = "mvs", ["Matagalpa"] = "mtn", ["Matal"] = "mfh", ["Matanawi"] = "sai-mat", ["Matbat"] = "xmt", ["Matengo"] = "mgv", ["Matepi"] = "mqe", ["Matigsalug Manobo"] = "mbt", ["Matipuhy"] = "mzo", ["Matlatzinca"] = "mat", ["Mato"] = "met", ["Mator"] = "mtm", ["Matsés"] = "mcf", ["Mattole"] = "mvb", ["Matukar"] = "mjk", ["Matumbi"] = "mgw", ["Matya Samo"] = "stj", ["Matís"] = "mpq", ["Maung"] = "mph", ["Mauritian Creole"] = "mfe", ["Mauritian Sign Language"] = "lsy", ["Mauwake"] = "mhl", ["Mav̋ea"] = "mkv", ["Mawa"] = "mcw", ["Mawak"] = "mjj", ["Mawan"] = "mcz", ["Mawayana"] = "mzx", ["Mawchi"] = "mke", ["Mawes"] = "mgk", ["Maxakalí"] = "mbl", ["Maxi Gbe"] = "mxl", ["Maya Samo"] = "sym", ["Mayaguduna"] = "xmy", ["Mayangna"] = "yan", ["Mayawali"] = "yxa", ["Maybrat"] = "ayz", ["Mayeka"] = "myc", ["Mayi-Thakurti"] = "xyt", ["Maykulan"] = "mnt", ["Maynas"] = "sai-mys", ["Mayo"] = "mfy", ["Mayogo"] = "mdm", ["Mayoyao Ifugao"] = "ifu", ["Mazagway"] = "dkx", ["Mazaltepec Zapotec"] = "zpy", ["Mazanderani"] = "mzn", ["Mazatlán Mazatec"] = "vmz", ["Mazatlán Mixe"] = "mzl", ["Mba"] = "mfc", ["Mbabaram"] = "vmb", ["Mbala"] = "mdp", ["Mbalanhu"] = "lnb", ["Mbandja"] = "zmz", ["Mbangala"] = "mxg", ["Mbangi"] = "mgn", ["Mbangwe"] = "zmn", ["Mbara (Australia)"] = "mvl", ["Mbara (Chad)"] = "mpk", ["Mbariman-Gudhinma"] = "zmv", ["Mbati"] = "mdn", ["Mbato"] = "gwa", ["Mbay"] = "myb", ["Mbe"] = "mfo", ["Mbe'"] = "mtk", ["Mbelime"] = "mql", ["Mbere"] = "mdt", ["Mbesa"] = "zms", ["Mbiywom"] = "aus-mbi", ["Mbo (Cameroon)"] = "mbo", ["Mbo (Congo)"] = "zmw", ["Mboi"] = "moi", ["Mboko"] = "mdu", ["Mbole"] = "mdq", ["Mbonga"] = "xmb", ["Mbongno"] = "bgu", ["Mbosi"] = "mdw", ["Mbowe"] = "mxo", ["Mbre"] = "mka", ["Mbu'"] = "muc", ["Mbudum"] = "xmd", ["Mbugu"] = "mhd", ["Mbugwe"] = "mgz", ["Mbuko"] = "mqb", ["Mbukushu"] = "mhw", ["Mbula"] = "mna", ["Mbula-Bwazza"] = "mbu", ["Mbule"] = "mlb", ["Mbulungish"] = "mbv", ["Mbum"] = "mdd", ["Mbunda"] = "mck", ["Mbunga"] = "mgy", ["Mburku"] = "bbt", ["Mbuun"] = "zmp", ["Mbwela"] = "mfu", ["Mbya Guarani"] = "gun", ["Me'en"] = "mym", ["Mebu"] = "mjn", ["Mecayapan Nahuatl"] = "nhx", ["Medebur"] = "mjm", ["Medefaidrin"] = "dmf", ["Media Lengua"] = "mue", ["Mednyj Aleut"] = "mud", ["Medumba"] = "byv", ["Mefele"] = "mfj", ["Megam"] = "mef", ["Megleno-Romanian"] = "ruq", ["Mehek"] = "nux", ["Mehináku"] = "mmh", ["Mehri"] = "gdq", ["Mekeo"] = "mek", ["Mekmek"] = "mvk", ["Mekwei"] = "msf", ["Mekéns"] = "skf", ["Mel-Khaonh"] = "hkn", ["Mele-Fila"] = "mxe", ["Melo"] = "mfx", ["Melpa"] = "med", ["Memoni"] = "mby", ["Mendalam Kayan"] = "xkd", ["Mendankwe-Nkwen"] = "mfd", ["Mende (New Guinea)"] = "sim", ["Mende (Sierra Leone)"] = "men", ["Mengaka"] = "xmg", ["Mengen"] = "mee", ["Mengisa"] = "leo", ["Menien"] = "sai-men", ["Menka"] = "mea", ["Menominee"] = "mez", ["Mentawai"] = "mwv", ["Menya"] = "mcr", ["Meoswar"] = "mvx", ["Mer"] = "mnu", ["Meramera"] = "mxm", ["Merei"] = "lmb", ["Merey"] = "meq", ["Meriam"] = "ulk", ["Meroitic"] = "xmr", ["Meru"] = "mer", ["Mesaka"] = "iyo", ["Mese"] = "mci", ["Mesme"] = "zim", ["Mesmes"] = "mys", ["Mesqan"] = "mvz", ["Messapic"] = "cms", ["Meta'"] = "mgo", ["Metlatónoc Mixtec"] = "mxv", ["Mewari"] = "mtr", ["Mewati"] = "wtm", ["Mexican Sign Language"] = "mfs", ["Meyah"] = "mej", ["Mezontla Popoloca"] = "pbe", ["Mezquital Otomi"] = "ote", ["Meänkieli"] = "fit", ["Mfinu"] = "zmf", ["Mfumte"] = "nfu", ["Mgbo"] = "gmz", ["Mi'kmaq"] = "mic", ["Miami"] = "mia", ["Mian"] = "mpt", ["Miani"] = "pla", ["Micha"] = "yiq", ["Michif"] = "crg", ["Michigamea"] = "cmm", ["Michoacán Mazahua"] = "mmc", ["Michoacán Nahuatl"] = "ncl", ["Mid Grand Valley Dani"] = "dnt", ["Mid-Southern Banda"] = "bjo", ["Middle Armenian"] = "axm", ["Middle Assamese"] = "inc-mas", ["Middle Bengali"] = "inc-mbn", ["Middle Breton"] = "xbm", ["Middle Chinese"] = "ltc", ["Middle Cornish"] = "cnx", ["Middle Dutch"] = "dum", ["Middle English"] = "enm", ["Middle French"] = "frm", ["Middle Gujarati"] = "inc-mgu", ["Middle High German"] = "gmh", ["Middle Irish"] = "mga", ["Middle Kannada"] = "dra-mkn", ["Middle Khmer"] = "xhm", ["Middle Korean"] = "okm", ["Middle Low German"] = "gml", ["Middle Median"] = "xme-mid", ["Middle Mon"] = "mkh-mmn", ["Middle Mongol"] = "xng", ["Middle Newar"] = "nwx", ["Middle Norwegian"] = "gmq-mno", ["Middle Odia"] = "inc-mor", ["Middle Persian"] = "pal", ["Middle Scots"] = "gmw-msc", ["Middle Vietnamese"] = "mkh-mvi", ["Middle Watut"] = "mpl", ["Middle Welsh"] = "wlm", ["Midob"] = "mei", ["Migaama"] = "mmy", ["Migabac"] = "mpp", ["Miji"] = "sjl", ["Miju"] = "mxj", ["Mikasuki"] = "mik", ["Milang"] = "tbq-mil", ["Mili"] = "ymh", ["Millcayac"] = "sai-mil", ["Miltu"] = "mlj", ["Miluk"] = "iml", ["Milyan"] = "imy", ["Mimi of Decorse"] = "mis-mmd", ["Mimi of Nachtigal"] = "mis-mmn", ["Min Nan"] = "nan", ["Mina"] = "hna", ["Minaean"] = "inm", ["Minang"] = "xrg", ["Minangkabau"] = "min", ["Minaveha"] = "mvn", ["Minderico"] = "drc", ["Mindiri"] = "mpn", ["Mingang Doso"] = "mko", ["Mingo"] = "iro-min", ["Mingrelian"] = "xmf", ["Minica Huitoto"] = "hto", ["Minidien"] = "wii", ["Minjungbal"] = "xjb", ["Minkin"] = "xxm", ["Minoan"] = "omn", ["Minokok"] = "mqq", ["Minriq"] = "mnq", ["Mintil"] = "mzt", ["Mirandese"] = "mwl", ["Mire"] = "mvh", ["Mirgan"] = "zrg", ["Miriti"] = "mmv", ["Miriwoong"] = "mep", ["Miriwoong Sign Language"] = "rsm", ["Mirning"] = "gmr", ["Mirpur Panjabi"] = "pmu", ["Misantla Totonac"] = "tlc", ["Miship"] = "mjs", ["Misima-Paneati"] = "mpx", ["Mising"] = "mrg", ["Miskito"] = "miq", ["Mitla Zapotec"] = "zaw", ["Mitlatongo Mixtec"] = "vmm", ["Mittu"] = "mwu", ["Mituku"] = "zmq", ["Miu"] = "mpo", ["Miwa"] = "vmi", ["Mixed Great Andamanese"] = "gac", ["Mixifore"] = "mfg", ["Mixtepec Mixtec"] = "mix", ["Mixtepec Zapotec"] = "zpm", ["Miya"] = "mkf", ["Miyako"] = "mvi", ["Miyobe"] = "soy", ["Mizo"] = "lus", ["Mlabri"] = "mra", ["Mlahsö"] = "lhs", ["Mlap"] = "kja", ["Mlomp"] = "mlo", ["Mmaala"] = "mmu", ["Mmani"] = "buy", ["Mmen"] = "bfm", ["Mo"] = "wkd", ["Mo'da"] = "gbn", ["Moabite"] = "obm", ["Moba"] = "mfq", ["Mobilian"] = "mod", ["Mobu"] = "ahm", ["Mocana"] = "sai-mcn", ["Mochi"] = "old", ["Mochica"] = "omc", ["Mocho"] = "mhc", ["Mocoví"] = "moc", ["Modang"] = "mxd", ["Modole"] = "mqo", ["Moere"] = "mvq", ["Mofu-Gudur"] = "mif", ["Mogholi"] = "mhj", ["Mogum"] = "mou", ["Mohawk"] = "moh", ["Mohegan-Pequot"] = "xpq", ["Moi (Congo)"] = "mow", ["Moi (Indonesia)"] = "mxn", ["Moikodi"] = "mkp", ["Moingi"] = "mwz", ["Mojave"] = "mov", ["Moji"] = "ymi", ["Mok"] = "mqt", ["Mokati"] = "wnb", ["Moken"] = "mwt", ["Mokerang"] = "mft", ["Mokilese"] = "mkj", ["Moklen"] = "mkm", ["Mokole"] = "mkl", ["Mokpwe"] = "bri", ["Moksha"] = "mdf", ["Molale"] = "mbe", ["Molbog"] = "pwm", ["Moldova Sign Language"] = "vsi", ["Molengue"] = "bxc", ["Molima"] = "mox", ["Molmo One"] = "aun", ["Molo"] = "zmo", ["Molof"] = "msl", ["Moloko"] = "mlw", ["Mom Jango"] = "ver", ["Moma"] = "myl", ["Momare"] = "msz", ["Mombo Dogon"] = "dmb", ["Mombum"] = "mso", ["Momina"] = "mmb", ["Momuna"] = "mqf", ["Mon"] = "mnw", ["Monastic Sign Language"] = "mzg", ["Mondropolon"] = "npn", ["Mondé"] = "mnd", ["Mongghul"] = "mjg-mgl", ["Mongo"] = "lol", ["Mongolian"] = "mn", ["Mongolian Sign Language"] = "msr", ["Mongondow"] = "mog", ["Mongsen Ao"] = "njo-mng", ["Moni"] = "mnz", ["Monimbo"] = "mom", ["Mono (California)"] = "mnr", ["Mono (Cameroon)"] = "mru", ["Mono (Congo)"] = "mnh", ["Monom"] = "moo", ["Monsang Naga"] = "nmh", ["Montagnais"] = "moe", ["Montana Salish"] = "fla", ["Montol"] = "mtl", ["Monumbo"] = "mxk", ["Monzombo"] = "moj", ["Moo"] = "gwg", ["Moore"] = "mos", ["Moose Cree"] = "crm", ["Mopan Maya"] = "mop", ["Mor (Austronesian)"] = "mhz", ["Mor (Papuan)"] = "moq", ["Moraid"] = "msg", ["Moran"] = "tbq-mor", ["Morawa"] = "mze", ["Morelos Nahuatl"] = "nhm", ["Morerebi"] = "xmo", ["Moresada"] = "msx", ["Mori Atas"] = "mzq", ["Mori Bawah"] = "xmz", ["Morigi"] = "mdb", ["Moriori"] = "rrm", ["Moro"] = "mor", ["Moroccan Amazigh"] = "zgh", ["Moroccan Arabic"] = "ary", ["Moroccan Sign Language"] = "xms", ["Morokodo"] = "mgc", ["Morom"] = "bdo", ["Moronene"] = "mqn", ["Morori"] = "mok", ["Morouas"] = "mrp", ["Mortlockese"] = "mrl", ["Moru"] = "mgd", ["Mosimo"] = "mqv", ["Moskona"] = "mtj", ["Mota"] = "mtt", ["Motembo"] = "tmv", ["Motu"] = "meu", ["Mouk-Aria"] = "mwh", ["Mount Iraya Agta"] = "atl", ["Mount Iriga Agta"] = "agz", ["Mountain Koiari"] = "kpx", ["Mouwase"] = "jmw", ["Movima"] = "mzp", ["Moyadan Itneg"] = "ity", ["Moyon Naga"] = "nmo", ["Mozambican Sign Language"] = "mzy", ["Mozarabic"] = "mxi", ["Mpade"] = "mpi", ["Mpalitjanh"] = "xpj", ["Mpi"] = "mpz", ["Mpiemo"] = "mcx", ["Mpiin"] = "bnt-mpi", ["Mpinda"] = "pnd", ["Mpongmpong"] = "mgg", ["Mpoto"] = "mpa", ["Mpotovoro"] = "mvt", ["Mpuono"] = "bnt-mpu", ["Mpur"] = "akc", ["Mro Chin"] = "cmr", ["Mru"] = "mro", ["Mser"] = "kqx", ["Muak Sa-aak"] = "ukk", ["Mualang"] = "mtd", ["Mubami"] = "tsx", ["Mubi"] = "mub", ["Mucuchí"] = "sai-muc", ["Muda"] = "ymd", ["Mudburra"] = "dmw", ["Mudu Koraga"] = "vmd", ["Muduapa"] = "wiv", ["Muduga"] = "udg", ["Muellama"] = "sai-mue", ["Mufian"] = "aoj", ["Muher"] = "sem-mhr", ["Muinane"] = "bmr", ["Mukha-Dora"] = "mmk", ["Mukulu"] = "moz", ["Mulaha"] = "mfw", ["Mulam"] = "mlm", ["Mulao"] = "giu", ["Mullu Kurumba"] = "kpb", ["Mullukmulluk"] = "mpb", ["Muluridyi"] = "vmu", ["Mum"] = "kqa", ["Mumuye"] = "mzm", ["Muna"] = "mnb", ["Munda"] = "unx", ["Mundabli"] = "boe", ["Mundang"] = "mua", ["Mundani"] = "mnf", ["Mundari"] = "unr", ["Mundat"] = "mmf", ["Mundolinco"] = "art-mun", ["Mundurukú"] = "myu", ["Mungaka"] = "mhk", ["Mungbam"] = "mij", ["Munggui"] = "mth", ["Mungkip"] = "mpv", ["Muniche"] = "myr", ["Munit"] = "mtc", ["Munji"] = "mnj", ["Munsee"] = "umu", ["Muong"] = "mtq", ["Mur Pano"] = "tkv", ["Muratayak"] = "asx", ["Murik (Malaysia)"] = "mxr", ["Murik (New Guinea)"] = "mtf", ["Murkim"] = "rmh", ["Murle"] = "mur", ["Murrinh-Patha"] = "mwf", ["Mursi"] = "muz", ["Murui Huitoto"] = "huu", ["Murupi"] = "mqw", ["Muruwari"] = "zmu", ["Musan"] = "mmp", ["Musasa"] = "smm", ["Musey"] = "mse", ["Musgu"] = "mug", ["Musi"] = "mui", ["Muskum"] = "mje", ["Musom"] = "msu", ["Mussau-Emira"] = "emi", ["Muthuvan"] = "muv", ["Mutu"] = "tuc", ["Muya"] = "mvm", ["Muyang"] = "muy", ["Muyuw"] = "myw", ["Muzi"] = "ymz", ["Muzo"] = "sai-muz", ["Mvanip"] = "mcj", ["Mvuba"] = "mxh", ["Mwaghavul"] = "sur", ["Mwakai"] = "mgt", ["Mwali Comorian"] = "wlc", ["Mwan"] = "moa", ["Mwani"] = "wmw", ["Mwatebu"] = "mwa", ["Mwera"] = "mwe", ["Mwerlap"] = "mrm", ["Mwimbi-Muthambi"] = "mws", ["Mwotlap"] = "mlv", ["Mycenaean Greek"] = "gmy", ["Myene"] = "mye", ["Mysian"] = "yms", ["Mzieme Naga"] = "nme", ["Mághdì"] = "gmd", ["Mòcheno"] = "mhn", ["Mün Chin"] = "mwq", ["Mündü"] = "muh", ["Māori"] = "mi", ["Mạ"] = "cma", ["N'Ko"] = "nqo", ["Na"] = "nbt", ["Naaba"] = "nao", ["Naba"] = "mne", ["Nabak"] = "naf", ["Nabi"] = "mty", ["Nachering"] = "ncd", ["Nadruvian"] = "ndf", ["Nadëb"] = "mbj", ["Nafaanra"] = "nfr", ["Nafi"] = "srf", ["Nafri"] = "nxx", ["Naga Pidgin"] = "nag", ["Nagarchal"] = "nbg", ["Nage"] = "nxe", ["Nagtipunan Agta"] = "phi-nag", ["Nagu"] = "ngr", ["Nagumi"] = "ngv", ["Nahali"] = "nlx", ["Nahari"] = "nhh", ["Nahavaq"] = "sns", ["Nahuatl"] = "nah", ["Nai"] = "bio", ["Najdi Arabic"] = "ars", ["Naka'ela"] = "nae", ["Nakai"] = "nkj", ["Nakame"] = "nib", ["Nakanai"] = "nak", ["Nakara"] = "nck", ["Nake"] = "nbk", ["Naki"] = "mff", ["Nakwi"] = "nax", ["Nalca"] = "nlc", ["Nali"] = "nss", ["Nalik"] = "nal", ["Nalu"] = "naj", ["Nalögo"] = "nlz", ["Nama"] = "nmx", ["Namakura"] = "nmk", ["Namat"] = "nkm", ["Nambikwara"] = "nab", ["Nambo"] = "ncm", ["Nambya"] = "nmq", ["Namia"] = "nnm", ["Namiae"] = "nvm", ["Namibian Sign Language"] = "nbs", ["Namla"] = "naa", ["Namo"] = "mxw", ["Namonuito"] = "nmt", ["Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua"] = "bwb", ["Namuyi"] = "nmy", ["Nanai"] = "gld", ["Nancere"] = "nnc", ["Nande"] = "nnb", ["Nandi"] = "niq", ["Nanerige"] = "sen", ["Nanga Dama Dogon"] = "nzz", ["Nankina"] = "nnk", ["Nanti"] = "cox", ["Nanticoke"] = "nnt", ["Nanubae"] = "afk", ["Naolan"] = "nai-nao", ["Napu"] = "npy", ["Nar Phu"] = "npa", ["Nara"] = "nrb", ["Narak"] = "nac", ["Narango"] = "nrg", ["Narim"] = "loh", ["Naro"] = "nhr", ["Narom"] = "nrm", ["Narragansett"] = "xnt", ["Narua"] = "nru", ["Narungga"] = "nnr", ["Naruo"] = "ylo", ["Nasal"] = "nsy", ["Nasarian"] = "nvh", ["Nasioi"] = "nas", ["Naskapi"] = "nsk", ["Nasu"] = "ywq", ["Natagaimas"] = "nts", ["Natchez"] = "ncz", ["Nateni"] = "ntm", ["Natioro"] = "nti", ["Natú"] = "sai-nat", ["Natügu"] = "ntu", ["Nauete"] = "nxa", ["Naukanski"] = "ynk", ["Nauna"] = "ncn", ["Nauo"] = "nwo", ["Nauruan"] = "na", ["Navajo"] = "nv", ["Navut"] = "nsw", ["Nawaru"] = "nwr", ["Nawathinehena"] = "nwa", ["Nawdm"] = "nmz", ["Nawuri"] = "naw", ["Naxi"] = "nxq", ["Nayi"] = "noz", ["Naʼvi"] = "art-nav", ["Ncane"] = "ncr", ["Nchumbulu"] = "nlu", ["Nda'nda'"] = "nnz", ["Ndai"] = "gke", ["Ndaka"] = "ndk", ["Ndali"] = "ndh", ["Ndam"] = "ndm", ["Ndamba"] = "ndj", ["Ndambomo"] = "nxo", ["Ndasa"] = "nda", ["Ndau"] = "ndc", ["Nde-Gbite"] = "ned", ["Nde-Nsele-Nta"] = "ndd", ["Ndemli"] = "nml", ["Ndendeule"] = "dne", ["Ndengereko"] = "ndg", ["Nding"] = "eli", ["Ndjébbana"] = "djj", ["Ndo"] = "ndp", ["Ndobo"] = "ndw", ["Ndoe"] = "nbb", ["Ndogo"] = "ndz", ["Ndolo"] = "ndl", ["Ndom"] = "nqm", ["Ndombe"] = "ndq", ["Ndonga"] = "ng", ["Ndoola"] = "ndr", ["Ndrulo"] = "dno", ["Nduga"] = "ndx", ["Ndumu"] = "nmd", ["Ndunda"] = "nuh", ["Ndunga"] = "ndt", ["Ndut"] = "ndv", ["Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin"] = "njt", ["Ndzwani Comorian"] = "wni", ["Neapolitan"] = "nap", ["Nedebang"] = "nec", ["Nefamese"] = "nef", ["Nefusa"] = "jbn", ["Negerhollands"] = "dcr", ["Negeri Sembilan Malay"] = "zmi", ["Negidal"] = "neg", ["Nehan"] = "nsn", ["Nek"] = "nif", ["Nekgini"] = "nkg", ["Neko"] = "nej", ["Neku"] = "nek", ["Neme"] = "nex", ["Nemi"] = "nem", ["Nen"] = "nqn", ["Nend"] = "anh", ["Nengone"] = "nen", ["Neo"] = "neu", ["Nepalese Sign Language"] = "nsp", ["Nepali"] = "ne", ["Nete"] = "net", ["Neve'ei"] = "vnm", ["Neverver"] = "lgk", ["New Caledonian Javanese"] = "jas", ["New River Shasta"] = "nai-nrs", ["New Zealand Sign Language"] = "nzs", ["Newar"] = "new", ["Neyo"] = "ney", ["Nez Perce"] = "nez", ["Nga La"] = "hlt", ["Ngaanyatjarra"] = "ntj", ["Ngadha"] = "nxg", ["Ngadjunmaya"] = "nju", ["Ngadjuri"] = "jui", ["Ngaiawang"] = "nwg", ["Ngaing"] = "nnf", ["Ngaju"] = "nij", ["Ngala"] = "nud", ["Ngalakan"] = "nig", ["Ngalkbun"] = "ngk", ["Ngalum"] = "szb", ["Ngam"] = "nmc", ["Ngamambo"] = "nbv", ["Ngambay"] = "sba", ["Ngamini"] = "nmv", ["Ngamo"] = "nbh", ["Ngan'gityemerri"] = "nam", ["Nganakarti"] = "xnk", ["Nganasan"] = "nio", ["Ngandi"] = "nid", ["Ngando (Central African Republic)"] = "ngd", ["Ngando (Congo)"] = "nxd", ["Ngandyera"] = "nne", ["Ngangam"] = "gng", ["Ngantangarra"] = "ntg", ["Nganyaywana"] = "nyx", ["Ngardi"] = "rxd", ["Ngarigu"] = "xni", ["Ngarinman"] = "nbj", ["Ngarinyin"] = "ung", ["Ngarla"] = "nrk", ["Ngarluma"] = "nrl", ["Ngarrindjeri"] = "nay", ["Ngas"] = "anc", ["Ngasa"] = "nsg", ["Ngatik Men's Creole"] = "ngm", ["Ngawn Chin"] = "cnw", ["Ngawun"] = "nxn", ["Ngazidja Comorian"] = "zdj", ["Ngbaka"] = "nga", ["Ngbaka Ma'bo"] = "nbm", ["Ngbaka Manza"] = "ngg", ["Ngbee"] = "jgb", ["Ngbinda"] = "nbd", ["Ngbundu"] = "nuu", ["Ngelima"] = "agh", ["Ngemba"] = "nge", ["Ngen of Djonkro"] = "gnj", ["Ngendelengo"] = "nql", ["Ngeq"] = "ngt", ["Ngete"] = "nnn", ["Nggem"] = "nbq", ["Nggwahyi"] = "ngx", ["Ngie"] = "ngj", ["Ngiemboon"] = "nnh", ["Ngile"] = "jle", ["Ngindo"] = "nnq", ["Ngiti"] = "niy", ["Ngiyambaa"] = "wyb", ["Ngizim"] = "ngi", ["Ngkoth"] = "aus-ngk", ["Ngkâlmpw Kanum"] = "kcd", ["Ngochang"] = "tbq-ngo", ["Ngom"] = "nra", ["Ngomba"] = "jgo", ["Ngombale"] = "nla", ["Ngombe (Central African Republic)"] = "nmj", ["Ngombe (Congo)"] = "ngc", ["Ngong"] = "nnx", ["Ngongo"] = "noq", ["Ngoni"] = "ngo", ["Ngoreme"] = "ngq", ["Ngoshie"] = "nsh", ["Ngul"] = "nlo", ["Ngulu"] = "ngp", ["Nguluwan"] = "nuw", ["Ngumbi"] = "nui", ["Ngunawal"] = "xul", ["Ngundi"] = "ndn", ["Ngundu"] = "nue", ["Ngungwel"] = "ngz", ["Ngurmbur"] = "nrx", ["Nguôn"] = "nuo", ["Ngwaba"] = "ngw", ["Ngwe"] = "nwe", ["Ngwo"] = "ngn", ["Ngäbere"] = "gym", ["Nhanda"] = "nha", ["Nheengatu"] = "yrl", ["Nhirrpi"] = "hrp", ["Nhuwala"] = "nhf", ["Nias"] = "nia", ["Nicaraguan Creole"] = "bzk", ["Nicaraguan Sign Language"] = "ncs", ["Nicola"] = "ath-nic", ["Niellim"] = "nie", ["Nigeria Mambila"] = "mzk", ["Nigerian Pidgin"] = "pcm", ["Nigerian Sign Language"] = "nsi", ["Nihali"] = "nll", ["Nii"] = "nii", ["Niksek"] = "gbe", ["Nila"] = "nil", ["Nilamba"] = "nim", ["Nimadi"] = "noe", ["Nimanbur"] = "nmp", ["Nimbari"] = "nmr", ["Nimboran"] = "nir", ["Nimi"] = "nis", ["Nimo"] = "niw", ["Nimoa"] = "nmw", ["Ninam"] = "shb", ["Nindi"] = "nxi", ["Ningera"] = "nby", ["Ninggerum"] = "nxr", ["Ningil"] = "niz", ["Ninia Yali"] = "nlk", ["Ninzo"] = "nin", ["Nipsan"] = "nps", ["Nisa"] = "njs", ["Nisenan"] = "nsz", ["Nisga'a"] = "ncg", ["Nisi"] = "yso", ["Niuafo'ou"] = "num", ["Niuatoputapu"] = "nkp", ["Niuean"] = "niu", ["Nivaclé"] = "cag", ["Nivkh"] = "niv", ["Niwer Mil"] = "hrc", ["Niya Prakrit"] = "pra-niy", ["Njalgulgule"] = "njl", ["Njebi"] = "nzb", ["Njen"] = "njj", ["Njerep"] = "njr", ["Njyem"] = "njy", ["Nkami"] = "nkq", ["Nkangala"] = "nkn", ["Nkari"] = "nkz", ["Nkem-Nkum"] = "isi", ["Nkhumbi"] = "khu", ["Nkongho"] = "nkc", ["Nkonya"] = "nko", ["Nkoroo"] = "nkx", ["Nkoya"] = "nka", ["Nkukoli"] = "nbo", ["Nkutu"] = "nkw", ["Nnam"] = "nbp", ["Noakhali"] = "oak", ["Nobiin"] = "fia", ["Nobonob"] = "gaw", ["Nocamán"] = "nom", ["Nocte"] = "njb", ["Nogai"] = "nog", ["Noipä"] = "npx", ["Noiri"] = "noi", ["Nokuku"] = "nkk", ["Nomaande"] = "lem", ["Nomane"] = "nof", ["Nomatsiguenga"] = "not", ["Nomlaki"] = "nol", ["Nomu"] = "noh", ["Nong Zhuang"] = "zhn", ["Nonuya"] = "noj", ["Nooksack"] = "nok", ["Noon"] = "snf", ["Noone"] = "nhu", ["Nootka"] = "nuk", ["Nopala Chatino"] = "cya", ["Noric"] = "nrc", ["Norman"] = "nrf", ["Norn"] = "nrn", ["Norra"] = "nrr", ["North Ambrym"] = "mmg", ["North Asmat"] = "nks", ["North Awyu"] = "yir", ["North Babar"] = "bcd", ["North Boma"] = "boh", ["North Central Mixe"] = "neq", ["North Efate"] = "llp", ["North Fali"] = "fll", ["North Frisian"] = "frr", ["North Giziga"] = "gis", ["North Levantine Arabic"] = "apc", ["North Marquesan"] = "mrq", ["North Mesopotamian Arabic"] = "ayp", ["North Mofu"] = "mfk", ["North Moluccan Malay"] = "max", ["North Muyu"] = "kti", ["North Nuaulu"] = "nni", ["North Picene"] = "nrp", ["North Slavey"] = "scs", ["North Tairora"] = "tbg", ["North Tanna"] = "tnn", ["North Tukang Besi"] = "khc", ["North Wahgi"] = "whg", ["North Watut"] = "una", ["Northeast Kiwai"] = "kiw", ["Northeast Maidu"] = "nmu", ["Northeast Malakula"] = "upv", ["Northeast Pashayi"] = "aee", ["Northeastern Dinka"] = "dip", ["Northeastern Pomo"] = "pef", ["Northern Alta"] = "aqn", ["Northern Altai"] = "atv", ["Northern Amami Ōshima"] = "ryn", ["Northern Bontoc"] = "rbk", ["Northern Catanduanes Bikol"] = "cts", ["Northern Dagara"] = "dgi", ["Northern East Cree"] = "crl", ["Northern Emberá"] = "emp", ["Northern Ghale"] = "ghh", ["Northern Grebo"] = "gbo", ["Northern Guiyang Hmong"] = "huj", ["Northern Haida"] = "hdn", ["Northern Hindko"] = "hno", ["Northern Huishui Hmong"] = "hmi", ["Northern Kalapuya"] = "nrt", ["Northern Kam"] = "doc", ["Northern Khanty"] = "kca-nor", ["Northern Khmer"] = "kxm", ["Northern Kissi"] = "kqs", ["Northern Kurdish"] = "kmr", ["Northern Lorung"] = "lbr", ["Northern Luri"] = "lrc", ["Northern Mansi"] = "mns-nor", ["Northern Mashan Hmong"] = "hmp", ["Northern Min"] = "mnp", ["Northern Muji"] = "ymx", ["Northern Ndebele"] = "nd", ["Northern Ngbandi"] = "ngb", ["Northern Nisu"] = "yiv", ["Northern Nuni"] = "nuv", ["Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl"] = "nhy", ["Northern Ohlone"] = "cst", ["Northern One"] = "onr", ["Northern Paiute"] = "pao", ["Northern Pame"] = "pmq", ["Northern Pinghua"] = "cnp", ["Northern Pomo"] = "pej", ["Northern Puebla Nahuatl"] = "ncj", ["Northern Pumi"] = "pmi", ["Northern Pwo"] = "pww", ["Northern Qiandong Miao"] = "hea", ["Northern Qiang"] = "cng", ["Northern Rengma Naga"] = "nnl", ["Northern Roglai"] = "rog", ["Northern Saharan Berber"] = "mzb", ["Northern Sami"] = "se", ["Northern Selkup"] = "sel-nor", ["Northern Sierra Miwok"] = "nsq", ["Northern Sotho"] = "nso", ["Northern Subanen"] = "stb", ["Northern Tarahumara"] = "thh", ["Northern Tepehuan"] = "ntp", ["Northern Thai"] = "nod", ["Northern Tidung"] = "ntd", ["Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"] = "xtn", ["Northern Toussian"] = "tsp", ["Northern Tujia"] = "tji", ["Northern Tutchone"] = "ttm", ["Northern Valley Yokuts"] = "yok-nvy", ["Northern Yukaghir"] = "ykg", ["Northwest Gbaya"] = "gya", ["Northwest Maidu"] = "mjd", ["Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec"] = "mxa", ["Northwest Pashayi"] = "glh", ["Northwestern Dinka"] = "diw", ["Northwestern Fars"] = "faz", ["Northwestern Ojibwa"] = "ojb", ["Norwegian"] = "no", ["Norwegian Bokmål"] = "nb", ["Norwegian Nynorsk"] = "nn", ["Norwegian Sign Language"] = "nsl", ["Notre"] = "bly", ["Notsi"] = "ncf", ["Nottoway"] = "ntw", ["Nottoway-Meherrin"] = "nwy", ["Novial"] = "nov", ["Noy"] = "noy", ["Nsari"] = "asj", ["Nsenga"] = "nse", ["Nshi"] = "nsc", ["Nsong"] = "soo", ["Nsongo"] = "nsx", ["Ntcham"] = "bud", ["Ntomba"] = "nto", ["Ntra'ngith"] = "dgt", ["Nubaca"] = "baf", ["Nubi"] = "kcn", ["Nuer"] = "nus", ["Nuguria"] = "nur", ["Nuk"] = "noc", ["Nukak Makú"] = "mbr", ["Nukna"] = "klt", ["Nukuini"] = "nuc", ["Nukumanu"] = "nuq", ["Nukunu"] = "nnv", ["Nukunul"] = "xnu", ["Nukuoro"] = "nkr", ["Numana"] = "nbr", ["Numanggang"] = "nop", ["Numbami"] = "sij", ["Nume"] = "tgs", ["Numidian"] = "nxm", ["Numèè"] = "kdk", ["Nungali"] = "nug", ["Nunggubuyu"] = "nuy", ["Nungon"] = "paa-nun", ["Nungu"] = "rin", ["Nuosu"] = "ii", ["Nupbikha"] = "npb", ["Nupe"] = "nup", ["Nusa Laut"] = "nul", ["Nusu"] = "nuf", ["Nutabe"] = "cba-nut", ["Nyabwa"] = "nwb", ["Nyagrong Minyag"] = "ero-nya", ["Nyah Kur"] = "cbn", ["Nyaheun"] = "nev", ["Nyakyusa"] = "nyy", ["Nyali"] = "nlj", ["Nyam"] = "nmi", ["Nyamal"] = "nly", ["Nyambo"] = "now", ["Nyamusa-Molo"] = "nwm", ["Nyamwanga"] = "mwn", ["Nyamwezi"] = "nym", ["Nyaneka"] = "nyk", ["Nyang'i"] = "nyp", ["Nyanga (Congo)"] = "nyj", ["Nyanga (Togo)"] = "ayg", ["Nyanga-li"] = "nyc", ["Nyangatom"] = "nnj", ["Nyangbo"] = "nyb", ["Nyangga"] = "nny", ["Nyangumarta"] = "nna", ["Nyankole"] = "nyn", ["Nyarafolo"] = "sev", ["Nyaturu"] = "rim", ["Nyaw"] = "nyw", ["Nyawaygi"] = "nyt", ["Nyelâyu"] = "yly", ["Nyemba"] = "nba", ["Nyengo"] = "nye", ["Nyenkha"] = "neh", ["Nyeu"] = "nyl", ["Nyigina"] = "nyh", ["Nyiha"] = "nih", ["Nyika"] = "nkt", ["Nyimang"] = "nyi", ["Nyindrou"] = "lid", ["Nyindu"] = "nyg", ["Nyishi"] = "njz", ["Nyiyaparli"] = "xny", ["Nyokon"] = "nvo", ["Nyole (Kenya)"] = "nyd", ["Nyole (Uganda)"] = "nuj", ["Nyong"] = "muo", ["Nyoro"] = "nyo", ["Nyulnyul"] = "nyv", ["Nyunga"] = "nys", ["Nyungwe"] = "nyu", ["Nzadi"] = "nzd", ["Nzakambay"] = "nzy", ["Nzakara"] = "nzk", ["Nzanyi"] = "nja", ["Nzima"] = "nzi", ["Ná-Meo"] = "neo", ["Nùng"] = "nut", ["Nüpode Huitoto"] = "hux", ["Nǀuu"] = "ngh", ["O'chi'chi'"] = "xoc", ["O'du"] = "tyh", ["O'odham"] = "ood", ["Obanliku"] = "bzy", ["Obispeño"] = "obi", ["Oblo"] = "obl", ["Obo Manobo"] = "obo", ["Obokuitai"] = "afz", ["Obolo"] = "ann", ["Obulom"] = "obu", ["Ocaina"] = "oca", ["Occitan"] = "oc", ["Ocotepec Mixtec"] = "mie", ["Ocotlán Zapotec"] = "zac", ["Od"] = "odk", ["Odia"] = "or", ["Odiai"] = "bhf", ["Odoodee"] = "kkc", ["Odual"] = "odu", ["Odut"] = "oda", ["Ofayé"] = "opy", ["Ofo"] = "ofo", ["Ogbah"] = "ogc", ["Ogbia"] = "ogb", ["Ogbogolo"] = "ogg", ["Ogbronuagum"] = "ogu", ["Ogea"] = "eri", ["Oirata"] = "oia", ["Ojibwe"] = "oj", ["Ojitlán Chinantec"] = "chj", ["Okanagan"] = "oka", ["Okiek"] = "oki", ["Okinawan"] = "ryu", ["Okinoerabu"] = "okn", ["Oko-Eni-Osayen"] = "oks", ["Oko-Juwoi"] = "okj", ["Okobo"] = "okb", ["Okodia"] = "okd", ["Okolod"] = "kqv", ["Okpamheri"] = "opa", ["Okpe (Northwestern Edo)"] = "okx", ["Okpe (Southwestern Edo)"] = "oke", ["Okpela"] = "atg", ["Oksapmin"] = "opm", ["Oku"] = "oku", ["Okwanuchu"] = "nai-okw", ["Old Anatolian Turkish"] = "trk-oat", ["Old Armenian"] = "xcl", ["Old Avar"] = "oav", ["Old Awadhi"] = "inc-oaw", ["Old Bengali"] = "inc-obn", ["Old Breton"] = "obt", ["Old Burmese"] = "obr", ["Old Catalan"] = "roa-oca", ["Old Cham"] = "ocm", ["Old Chinese"] = "och", ["Old Church Slavonic"] = "cu", ["Old Cornish"] = "oco", ["Old Czech"] = "zlw-ocs", ["Old Danish"] = "gmq-oda", ["Old Dutch"] = "odt", ["Old East Slavic"] = "orv", ["Old English"] = "ang", ["Old French"] = "fro", ["Old Frisian"] = "ofs", ["Old Galician-Portuguese"] = "roa-opt", ["Old Georgian"] = "oge", ["Old Gujarati"] = "inc-ogu", ["Old Gutnish"] = "gmq-ogt", ["Old High German"] = "goh", ["Old Hindi"] = "inc-ohi", ["Old Hungarian"] = "ohu", ["Old Irish"] = "sga", ["Old Japanese"] = "ojp", ["Old Javanese"] = "kaw", ["Old Kannada"] = "dra-okn", ["Old Kentish Sign Language"] = "okl", ["Old Khmer"] = "okz", ["Old Komi"] = "urj-koo", ["Old Korean"] = "oko", ["Old Leonese"] = "roa-ole", ["Old Lithuanian"] = "olt", ["Old Manipuri"] = "omp", ["Old Marathi"] = "omr", ["Old Median"] = "xme-old", ["Old Mon"] = "omx", ["Old Navarro-Aragonese"] = "roa-ona", ["Old Norse"] = "non", ["Old Novgorodian"] = "zle-ono", ["Old Nubian"] = "onw", ["Old Occitan"] = "pro", ["Old Odia"] = "inc-oor", ["Old Persian"] = "peo", ["Old Polish"] = "zlw-opl", ["Old Prussian"] = "prg", ["Old Punjabi"] = "inc-opa", ["Old Ruthenian"] = "zle-ort", ["Old Saxon"] = "osx", ["Old Slovak"] = "zlw-osk", ["Old South Arabian"] = "sem-srb", ["Old Spanish"] = "osp", ["Old Sundanese"] = "osn", ["Old Swedish"] = "gmq-osw", ["Old Tamil"] = "oty", ["Old Tati"] = "xme-ott", ["Old Telugu"] = "dra-ote", ["Old Tibetan"] = "otb", ["Old Tupi"] = "tpw", ["Old Turkic"] = "otk", ["Old Uyghur"] = "oui", ["Old Welsh"] = "owl", ["Olekha"] = "ole", ["Ollari"] = "gdb", ["Olo"] = "ong", ["Oloma"] = "olm", ["Olrat"] = "olr", ["Olu'bo"] = "lul", ["Olukumi"] = "ulb", ["Olulumo-Ikom"] = "iko", ["Oluta Popoluca"] = "plo", ["Olutsotso"] = "lto", ["Omagua"] = "omg", ["Omaha-Ponca"] = "oma", ["Omani Arabic"] = "acx", ["Omba"] = "omb", ["Ombamba"] = "mbm", ["Ombo"] = "oml", ["Ometepec Nahuatl"] = "nht", ["Omi"] = "omi", ["Omok"] = "omk", ["Omotik"] = "omt", ["Omurano"] = "omu", ["Oneida"] = "one", ["Ong"] = "oog", ["Ongota"] = "bxe", ["Onin"] = "oni", ["Onjob"] = "onj", ["Ono"] = "ons", ["Onobasulu"] = "onn", ["Onondaga"] = "ono", ["Ontong Java"] = "ojv", ["Oorlams"] = "oor", ["Opao"] = "opo", ["Opata"] = "opt", ["Opuuo"] = "lgn", ["Opón"] = "sai-opo", ["Oraon Sadri"] = "sdr", ["Orejón"] = "ore", ["Oring"] = "org", ["Orizaba Nahuatl"] = "nlv", ["Orléanais"] = "roa-orl", ["Ormu"] = "orz", ["Ormuri"] = "oru", ["Oro"] = "orx", ["Oro Win"] = "orw", ["Oroch"] = "oac", ["Oroha"] = "ora", ["Orok"] = "oaa", ["Orokaiva"] = "okv", ["Oroko"] = "bdu", ["Orokolo"] = "oro", ["Oromo"] = "om", ["Oroqen"] = "orh", ["Orowe"] = "bpk", ["Oruma"] = "orr", ["Orya"] = "ury", ["Osage"] = "osa", ["Osamayi"] = "syx", ["Osatu"] = "ost", ["Oscan"] = "osc", ["Osing"] = "osi", ["Ososo"] = "oso", ["Ossetian"] = "os", ["Ot Danum"] = "otd", ["Otank"] = "uta", ["Oti"] = "oti", ["Otomaco"] = "sai-oto", ["Otoro"] = "otr", ["Ottawa"] = "otw", ["Ottoman Turkish"] = "ota", ["Otuke"] = "otu", ["Ouma"] = "oum", ["Oune"] = "oue", ["Owa"] = "stn", ["Owenia"] = "wsr", ["Owiniga"] = "owi", ["Oy"] = "oyb", ["Oya'oya"] = "oyy", ["Oyda"] = "oyd", ["Ozolotepec Zapotec"] = "zao", ["Ozumacín Chinantec"] = "chz", ["Pa"] = "ppt", ["Pa Di"] = "pdi", ["Pa'a"] = "pqa", ["Pa'o Karen"] = "blk", ["Pa-Hng"] = "pha", ["Paamese"] = "pma", ["Paasaal"] = "sig", ["Pacahuara"] = "pcp", ["Pacoh"] = "pac", ["Padoe"] = "pdo", ["Paelignian"] = "pgn", ["Paeonian"] = "ine-pae", ["Pagi"] = "pgi", ["Pagibete"] = "pae", ["Pagu"] = "pgu", ["Pahanan Agta"] = "apf", ["Pahari-Potwari"] = "phr", ["Pahi"] = "lgt", ["Pahlavani"] = "phv", ["Pai Tavytera"] = "pta", ["Paicî"] = "pri", ["Paikoneka"] = "awd-pai", ["Paipai"] = "ppi", ["Paite"] = "pck", ["Paiwan"] = "pwn", ["Pajapan Nahuatl"] = "nhp", ["Pajonal Ashéninka"] = "cjo", ["Pak-Tong"] = "pkg", ["Pakanha"] = "pkn", ["Pakistan Sign Language"] = "pks", ["Paku"] = "pku", ["Paku Karen"] = "jkp", ["Pal"] = "abw", ["Palaic"] = "plq", ["Palaka"] = "plr", ["Palantla Chinantec"] = "cpa", ["Palauan"] = "pau", ["Palawan Batak"] = "bya", ["Paleni"] = "pnl", ["Palenquero"] = "pln", ["Palewyami Yokuts"] = "yok-ply", ["Pali"] = "pi", ["Palikur"] = "plu", ["Paliyan"] = "pcf", ["Pallanganmiddang"] = "pmd", ["Palor"] = "fap", ["Palta"] = "sai-pal", ["Palu'e"] = "ple", ["Paluan"] = "plz", ["Palula"] = "phl", ["Palya Bareli"] = "bpx", ["Pam"] = "pmn", ["Pambia"] = "pmb", ["Pamigua"] = "sai-pam", ["Pamlico"] = "pmk", ["Pamona"] = "pmf", ["Pamosu"] = "hih", ["Pamplona Atta"] = "att", ["Pana (Central Africa)"] = "pnz", ["Pana (West Africa)"] = "pnq", ["Panamanian Sign Language"] = "lsp", ["Panamint"] = "par", ["Panare"] = "pbh", ["Panará"] = "kre", ["Panasuan"] = "psn", ["Panawa"] = "pwb", ["Pancana"] = "pnp", ["Panchpargania"] = "tdb", ["Pande"] = "bkj", ["Pangasinan"] = "pag", ["Pangseng"] = "pgs", ["Pangutaran Sama"] = "slm", ["Pangwa"] = "pbr", ["Pangwali"] = "pgg", ["Panim"] = "pnr", ["Paniya"] = "pcg", ["Pankararé"] = "pax", ["Pankararú"] = "paz", ["Pankhu"] = "pkh", ["Pannei"] = "pnc", ["Pannonian Rusyn"] = "rsk", ["Panobo"] = "pno", ["Panyi Bai"] = "bfc", ["Panyjima"] = "pnw", ["Panzaleo"] = "sai-pnz", ["Pao"] = "ppa", ["Papantla Totonac"] = "top", ["Papapana"] = "ppn", ["Papar"] = "dpp", ["Papasena"] = "pas", ["Papel"] = "pbo", ["Papi"] = "ppe", ["Papiamentu"] = "pap", ["Papora"] = "ppu", ["Papua New Guinean Sign Language"] = "pgz", ["Papuan Malay"] = "pmy", ["Papuma"] = "ppm", ["Para Naga"] = "pzn", ["Parachi"] = "prc", ["Paraguayan Guarani"] = "gug", ["Paraguayan Sign Language"] = "pys", ["Parakanã"] = "pak", ["Paranan"] = "prf", ["Paranawát"] = "paf", ["Paratió"] = "sai-par", ["Paraujano"] = "pbg", ["Parauk"] = "prk", ["Parawen"] = "prw", ["Pardhan"] = "pch", ["Pardhi"] = "pcl", ["Pare"] = "asa", ["Pareci"] = "pab", ["Paredarerme"] = "xpd", ["Parenga"] = "pcj", ["Parkari Koli"] = "kvx", ["Parthian"] = "xpr", ["Parya"] = "paq", ["Pará Gavião"] = "gvp", ["Pashto"] = "ps", ["Pasi"] = "psq", ["Pass Valley Yali"] = "yac", ["Pasé"] = "awd-pas", ["Patagón"] = "sai-ptg", ["Patamona"] = "pbc", ["Patani"] = "ptn", ["Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe"] = "pth", ["Patep"] = "ptp", ["Pathiya"] = "pty", ["Patpatar"] = "gfk", ["Pattani"] = "lae", ["Pattani Malay"] = "mfa", ["Pattapu"] = "ptq", ["Patwin"] = "pwi", ["Paulohi"] = "plh", ["Paumarí"] = "pad", ["Paunaka"] = "pnk", ["Pauri Bareli"] = "bfb", ["Pauserna"] = "psm", ["Pawaia"] = "pwa", ["Pawnee"] = "paw", ["Payaguá"] = "sai-pyg", ["Pazeh"] = "pzh", ["Pe"] = "pai", ["Pear"] = "pcb", ["Peba"] = "sai-peb", ["Pech"] = "pay", ["Pecheneg"] = "xpc", ["Peerapper"] = "xpw", ["Peere"] = "pfe", ["Pei"] = "ppq", ["Pekal"] = "pel", ["Pela"] = "bxd", ["Pele-Ata"] = "ata", ["Pemon"] = "aoc", ["Penang Sign Language"] = "psg", ["Penchal"] = "pek", ["Pendau"] = "ums", ["Pengo"] = "peg", ["Pennsylvania German"] = "pdc", ["Penobscot"] = "aaq", ["Penrhyn"] = "pnh", ["Pentlatch"] = "ptw", ["Perai"] = "wet", ["Peranakan Indonesian"] = "pea", ["Perema"] = "wom", ["Perené Ashéninka"] = "prq", ["Pericú"] = "nai-per", ["Pero"] = "pip", ["Persian"] = "fa", ["Persian Sign Language"] = "psc", ["Peruvian Sign Language"] = "prl", ["Petapa Zapotec"] = "zpe", ["Petats"] = "pex", ["Petjo"] = "pey", ["Peñoles Mixtec"] = "mil", ["Phai"] = "prt", ["Phake"] = "phk", ["Phala"] = "ypa", ["Phana'"] = "phq", ["Phangduwali"] = "phw", ["Phende"] = "pem", ["Philippine Sign Language"] = "psp", ["Philistine"] = "mis-phi", ["Phimbi"] = "phm", ["Phoenician"] = "phn", ["Phola"] = "ypg", ["Pholo"] = "yip", ["Phom"] = "nph", ["Phong-Kniang"] = "pnx", ["Phrae Pwo"] = "kjt", ["Phrygian"] = "xpg", ["Phu Thai"] = "pht", ["Phuan"] = "phu", ["Phudagi"] = "phd", ["Phuie"] = "pug", ["Phukha"] = "phh", ["Phuma"] = "ypm", ["Phunoi"] = "pho", ["Phuong"] = "phg", ["Phupa"] = "ypp", ["Phupha"] = "yph", ["Phuthi"] = "bnt-phu", ["Phuza"] = "ypz", ["Piamatsina"] = "ptr", ["Piame"] = "pin", ["Piapoco"] = "pio", ["Piaroa"] = "pid", ["Picard"] = "pcd", ["Pichinglis"] = "fpe", ["Pichis Ashéninka"] = "cpu", ["Pictish"] = "xpi", ["Picuris"] = "nai-pic", ["Pidgin Delaware"] = "dep", ["Pidgin Iha"] = "ihb", ["Pidgin Onin"] = "onx", ["Piedmontese"] = "pms", ["Pijao"] = "pij", ["Pije"] = "piz", ["Pijin"] = "pis", ["Pilagá"] = "plg", ["Pileni"] = "piv", ["Pima Bajo"] = "pia", ["Pimbwe"] = "piw", ["Pinai-Hagahai"] = "pnn", ["Pingelapese"] = "pif", ["Pini"] = "pii", ["Pinigura"] = "pnv", ["Pinjarup"] = "pnj", ["Pinji"] = "pic", ["Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec"] = "mio", ["Pintiini"] = "pti", ["Pintupi-Luritja"] = "piu", ["Pinyin"] = "pny", ["Pipil"] = "ppl", ["Pirahã"] = "myp", ["Piratapuyo"] = "pir", ["Pirlatapa"] = "bxi", ["Piro"] = "pie", ["Pirriya"] = "xpa", ["Pisabo"] = "pig", ["Pisaflores Tepehua"] = "tpp", ["Piscataway"] = "psy", ["Pisidian"] = "xps", ["Pitcairn-Norfolk"] = "pih", ["Pite Sami"] = "sje", ["Piti"] = "pcn", ["Pitjantjatjara"] = "pjt", ["Pitta-Pitta"] = "pit", ["Piu"] = "pix", ["Piya-Kwonci"] = "piy", ["Plains Apache"] = "apk", ["Plains Cree"] = "crk", ["Plains Indian Sign Language"] = "psd", ["Plains Miwok"] = "pmw", ["Plapo Krumen"] = "ktj", ["Plautdietsch"] = "pdt", ["Playero"] = "gob", ["Pnar"] = "pbv", ["Pochuri Naga"] = "npo", ["Pochutec"] = "xpo", ["Podoko"] = "pbi", ["Pogali"] = "hkh", ["Pogolo"] = "poy", ["Pohnpeian"] = "pon", ["Poitevin-Saintongeais"] = "roa-poi", ["Pokangá"] = "pok", ["Poke"] = "pof", ["Pol"] = "pmm", ["Polabian"] = "pox", ["Polci"] = "plj", ["Polish"] = "pl", ["Polish Sign Language"] = "pso", ["Polonombauk"] = "plb", ["Pom"] = "pmo", ["Ponam"] = "ncc", ["Pondi"] = "lnm", ["Pongu"] = "png", ["Ponosakan"] = "pns", ["Pontic Greek"] = "pnt", ["Ponyo"] = "npg", ["Poqomam"] = "poc", ["Poqomchi'"] = "poh", ["Porohanon"] = "prh", ["Port Sandwich"] = "psw", ["Port Sorell"] = "xpl", ["Port Vato"] = "ptv", ["Portuguese"] = "pt", ["Portuguese Sign Language"] = "psr", ["Potawatomi"] = "pot", ["Potiguára"] = "pog", ["Poumei Naga"] = "pmx", ["Pouye"] = "bye", ["Powari"] = "pwr", ["Powhatan"] = "pim", ["Poyanáwa"] = "pyn", ["Prakrit"] = "pra", ["Prasuni"] = "prn", ["Pre-Samnite"] = "itc-psa", ["Primitive Irish"] = "pgl", ["Principense"] = "pre", ["Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza"] = "cau-abz-pro", ["Proto-Afroasiatic"] = "afa-pro", ["Proto-Albanian"] = "sqj-pro", ["Proto-Algic"] = "aql-pro", ["Proto-Algonquian"] = "alg-pro", ["Proto-Amuesha-Chamicuro"] = "awd-amc-pro", ["Proto-Anatolian"] = "ine-ana-pro", ["Proto-Andian"] = "cau-and-pro", ["Proto-Apachean"] = "apa-pro", ["Proto-Arawa"] = "auf-pro", ["Proto-Arawak"] = "awd-pro", ["Proto-Armenian"] = "hyx-pro", ["Proto-Arnhem"] = "aus-arn-pro", ["Proto-Aroid"] = "omv-aro-pro", ["Proto-Aslian"] = "mkh-asl-pro", ["Proto-Atayalic"] = "map-ata-pro", ["Proto-Athabaskan"] = "ath-pro", ["Proto-Atlantic-Congo"] = "alv-pro", ["Proto-Austroasiatic"] = "aav-pro", ["Proto-Austronesian"] = "map-pro", ["Proto-Avaro-Andian"] = "cau-ava-pro", ["Proto-Bahnaric"] = "mkh-ban-pro", ["Proto-Bai"] = "sit-bai-pro", ["Proto-Balto-Slavic"] = "ine-bsl-pro", ["Proto-Bantoid"] = "nic-bod-pro", ["Proto-Bantu"] = "bnt-pro", ["Proto-Basque"] = "euq-pro", ["Proto-Batak"] = "btk-pro", ["Proto-Be"] = "qfa-onb-pro", ["Proto-Be-Tai"] = "qfa-bet-pro", ["Proto-Benue-Congo"] = "nic-bco-pro", ["Proto-Berber"] = "ber-pro", ["Proto-Binanderean"] = "ngf-bin-pro", ["Proto-Bodish"] = "sit-bdi-pro", ["Proto-Bodo-Garo"] = "tbq-bdg-pro", ["Proto-Bongo-Bagirmi"] = "csu-bba-pro", ["Proto-Boran"] = "sai-bor-pro", ["Proto-Brythonic"] = "cel-bry-pro", ["Proto-Bua"] = "alv-bua-pro", ["Proto-Bungku-Tolaki"] = "poz-btk-pro", ["Proto-Burmish"] = "tbq-brm-pro", ["Proto-Caddoan"] = "cdd-pro", ["Proto-Cangin"] = "alv-cng-pro", ["Proto-Cariban"] = "sai-car-pro", ["Proto-Celtic"] = "cel-pro", ["Proto-Central Chadic"] = "cdc-cbm-pro", ["Proto-Central Dravidian"] = "dra-cen-pro", ["Proto-Central Jê"] = "sai-cje-pro", ["Proto-Central Naga"] = "sit-aao-pro", ["Proto-Central New South Wales"] = "aus-cww-pro", ["Proto-Central Sudanic"] = "csu-pro", ["Proto-Central Togo"] = "alv-gtm-pro", ["Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian"] = "poz-cet-pro", ["Proto-Cerrado"] = "sai-cer-pro", ["Proto-Chadic"] = "cdc-pro", ["Proto-Chamic"] = "cmc-pro", ["Proto-Chatino"] = "omq-cha-pro", ["Proto-Chibchan"] = "cba-pro", ["Proto-Chimakuan"] = "chi-pro", ["Proto-Chinookan"] = "nai-ckn-pro", ["Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan"] = "qfa-cka-pro", ["Proto-Chumash"] = "nai-chu-pro", ["Proto-Circassian"] = "cau-cir-pro", ["Proto-Cupan"] = "azc-cup-pro", ["Proto-Cushitic"] = "cus-pro", ["Proto-Daju"] = "sdv-daj-pro", ["Proto-Daly"] = "aus-dal-pro", ["Proto-Dangari"] = "inc-dng-pro", ["Proto-Dargwa"] = "cau-drg-pro", ["Proto-Dizoid"] = "omv-diz-pro", ["Proto-Dravidian"] = "dra-pro", ["Proto-Eastern Jebel"] = "sdv-eje-pro", ["Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian"] = "pqe-pro", ["Proto-Eastern Oti-Volta"] = "nic-eov-pro", ["Proto-Eastern Polynesian"] = "poz-pep-pro", ["Proto-Edekiri"] = "alv-edk-pro", ["Proto-Edoid"] = "alv-edo-pro", ["Proto-Ersuic"] = "sit-ers-pro", ["Proto-Eskimo"] = "esx-esk-pro", ["Proto-Eskimo-Aleut"] = "esx-pro", ["Proto-Fali"] = "alv-fli-pro", ["Proto-Finnic"] = "urj-fin-pro", ["Proto-Gbaya"] = "gba-pro", ["Proto-Gbe"] = "alv-gbe-pro", ["Proto-Georgian-Zan"] = "ccs-gzn-pro", ["Proto-Germanic"] = "gem-pro", ["Proto-Graeco-Phrygian"] = "ine-grp-pro", ["Proto-Grassfields"] = "nic-grf-pro", ["Proto-Great Andamanese"] = "qfa-adm-pro", ["Proto-Guang"] = "alv-gng-pro", ["Proto-Gur"] = "nic-gur-pro", ["Proto-Gurunsi"] = "nic-gns-pro", ["Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih"] = "poz-hce-pro", ["Proto-Heiban"] = "alv-hei-pro", ["Proto-Hellenic"] = "grk-pro", ["Proto-Highland East Cushitic"] = "cus-hec-pro", ["Proto-Hlai"] = "qfa-lic-pro", ["Proto-Hmong-Mien"] = "hmx-pro", ["Proto-Hmongic"] = "hmn-pro", ["Proto-Hrusish"] = "sit-hrs-pro", ["Proto-Hurro-Urartian"] = "qfa-hur-pro", ["Proto-Idomoid"] = "alv-ido-pro", ["Proto-Igboid"] = "alv-igb-pro", ["Proto-Ijoid"] = "ijo-pro", ["Proto-Indo-Aryan"] = "inc-pro", ["Proto-Indo-European"] = "ine-pro", ["Proto-Indo-Iranian"] = "iir-pro", ["Proto-Inuit"] = "esx-inu-pro", ["Proto-Iranian"] = "ira-pro", ["Proto-Iroquoian"] = "iro-pro", ["Proto-Italic"] = "itc-pro", ["Proto-Iwaidjan"] = "aus-wdj-pro", ["Proto-Japonic"] = "jpx-pro", ["Proto-Jukunoid"] = "nic-jkn-pro", ["Proto-Jê"] = "sai-jee-pro", ["Proto-Kadu"] = "qfa-kad-pro", ["Proto-Kalamian"] = "phi-kal-pro", ["Proto-Kalapuyan"] = "nai-klp-pro", ["Proto-Kam-Sui"] = "qfa-kms-pro", ["Proto-Kampa"] = "awd-kmp-pro", ["Proto-Kamta"] = "inc-krd-pro", ["Proto-Karen"] = "kar-pro", ["Proto-Kartvelian"] = "ccs-pro", ["Proto-Katuic"] = "mkh-kat-pro", ["Proto-Kham"] = "sit-kha-pro", ["Proto-Khanty"] = "kca-pro", ["Proto-Khasian"] = "aav-khs-pro", ["Proto-Khmeric"] = "mkh-kmr-pro", ["Proto-Khmuic"] = "mkh-khm-pro", ["Proto-Kho-Bwa"] = "sit-khb-pro", ["Proto-Khoe"] = "khi-kho-pro", ["Proto-Koman"] = "ssa-kom-pro", ["Proto-Komisenian"] = "ira-kms-pro", ["Proto-Koreanic"] = "qfa-kor-pro", ["Proto-Kra"] = "qfa-kra-pro", ["Proto-Kra-Dai"] = "qfa-tak-pro", ["Proto-Kru"] = "kro-pro", ["Proto-Kuki-Chin"] = "tbq-kuk-pro", ["Proto-Kuliak"] = "ssa-klk-pro", ["Proto-Kurdish"] = "ku-pro", ["Proto-Kwa"] = "alv-kwa-pro", ["Proto-Lalo"] = "tbq-lal-pro", ["Proto-Lampungic"] = "poz-lgx-pro", ["Proto-Lezghian"] = "cau-lzg-pro", ["Proto-Lolo-Burmese"] = "tbq-lob-pro", ["Proto-Loloish"] = "tbq-lol-pro", ["Proto-Lower Cross River"] = "nic-lcr-pro", ["Proto-Luish"] = "sit-luu-pro", ["Proto-Maidun"] = "nai-mdu-pro", ["Proto-Malayic"] = "poz-mly-pro", ["Proto-Malayo-Chamic"] = "poz-mcm-pro", ["Proto-Malayo-Polynesian"] = "poz-pro", ["Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan"] = "poz-msa-pro", ["Proto-Mande"] = "dmn-pro", ["Proto-Mangbetu"] = "csu-maa-pro", ["Proto-Mansi"] = "mns-pro", ["Proto-Mari"] = "chm-pro", ["Proto-Masa"] = "cdc-mas-pro", ["Proto-Mayan"] = "myn-pro", ["Proto-Mazatec"] = "omq-maz-pro", ["Proto-Medo-Parthian"] = "ira-mpr-pro", ["Proto-Micronesian"] = "poz-mic-pro", ["Proto-Mienic"] = "hmx-mie-pro", ["Proto-Min"] = "zhx-min-pro", ["Proto-Mixe-Zoque"] = "nai-miz-pro", ["Proto-Mixtec"] = "omq-mxt-pro", ["Proto-Mixtecan"] = "omq-mix-pro", ["Proto-Mon-Khmer"] = "mkh-pro", ["Proto-Mongolic"] = "xgn-pro", ["Proto-Monic"] = "mkh-mnc-pro", ["Proto-Mordvinic"] = "urj-mdv-pro", ["Proto-Mumuye"] = "alv-mum-pro", ["Proto-Munda"] = "mun-pro", ["Proto-Munji-Yidgha"] = "ira-mny-pro", ["Proto-Muskogean"] = "nai-mus-pro", ["Proto-Na-Dene"] = "xnd-pro", ["Proto-Nahuan"] = "azc-nah-pro", ["Proto-Naish"] = "sit-nas-pro", ["Proto-Nakh"] = "cau-nkh-pro", ["Proto-Nawiki"] = "awd-nwk-pro", ["Proto-Nguni"] = "bnt-ngu-pro", ["Proto-Nicobarese"] = "aav-nic-pro", ["Proto-Niger-Congo"] = "nic-pro", ["Proto-Nilo-Saharan"] = "ssa-pro", ["Proto-Nilotic"] = "sdv-nil-pro", ["Proto-Norse"] = "gmq-pro", ["Proto-North Dravidian"] = "dra-nor-pro", ["Proto-North Halmahera"] = "paa-nha-pro", ["Proto-North Iroquoian"] = "iro-nor-pro", ["Proto-North Sarawak"] = "poz-swa-pro", ["Proto-Northeast Caucasian"] = "cau-nec-pro", ["Proto-Northern Jê"] = "sai-nje-pro", ["Proto-Northern Naga"] = "sit-kon-pro", ["Proto-Northwest Caucasian"] = "cau-nwc-pro", ["Proto-Nubian"] = "nub-pro", ["Proto-Nuclear Polynesian"] = "poz-pnp-pro", ["Proto-Numic"] = "azc-num-pro", ["Proto-Nupoid"] = "alv-nup-pro", ["Proto-Nuristani"] = "iir-nur-pro", ["Proto-Nyima"] = "sdv-nyi-pro", ["Proto-Nyulnyulan"] = "aus-nyu-pro", ["Proto-Oceanic"] = "poz-oce-pro", ["Proto-Ogoni"] = "nic-ogo-pro", ["Proto-Omotic"] = "omv-pro", ["Proto-Ongan"] = "qfa-ong-pro", ["Proto-Oti-Volta"] = "nic-ovo-pro", ["Proto-Oto-Manguean"] = "omq-pro", ["Proto-Oto-Pamean"] = "omq-otp-pro", ["Proto-Otomi"] = "oto-otm-pro", ["Proto-Otomian"] = "oto-pro", ["Proto-Pakanic"] = "mkh-pkn-pro", ["Proto-Palaungic"] = "mkh-pal-pro", ["Proto-Pama-Nyungan"] = "aus-pam-pro", ["Proto-Paresi-Waura"] = "awd-prw-pro", ["Proto-Pathan"] = "ira-pat-pro", ["Proto-Pearic"] = "mkh-pea-pro", ["Proto-Permic"] = "urj-prm-pro", ["Proto-Philippine"] = "phi-pro", ["Proto-Plateau"] = "nic-plt-pro", ["Proto-Plateau Penutian"] = "nai-plp-pro", ["Proto-Pnar-Khasi-Lyngngam"] = "aav-pkl-pro", ["Proto-Polynesian"] = "poz-pol-pro", ["Proto-Pomo"] = "nai-pom-pro", ["Proto-Puroik"] = "sit-khp-pro", ["Proto-Quechuan"] = "qwe-pro", ["Proto-Rukai"] = "dru-pro", ["Proto-Ryukyuan"] = "jpx-ryu-pro", ["Proto-Sabaki"] = "bnt-sab-pro", ["Proto-Saka"] = "xsc-sak-pro", ["Proto-Saka-Wakhi"] = "xsc-skw-pro", ["Proto-Salish"] = "sal-pro", ["Proto-Samic"] = "smi-pro", ["Proto-Samoyedic"] = "syd-pro", ["Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi"] = "ira-sgi-pro", ["Proto-Sara"] = "csu-sar-pro", ["Proto-Sarmatian"] = "xsc-sar-pro", ["Proto-Scythian"] = "xsc-pro", ["Proto-Selkup"] = "sel-pro", ["Proto-Semitic"] = "sem-pro", ["Proto-Shughni-Roshani"] = "ira-shr-pro", ["Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami"] = "ira-shy-pro", ["Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji"] = "ira-sym-pro", ["Proto-Sino-Tibetan"] = "sit-pro", ["Proto-Siouan"] = "sio-pro", ["Proto-Siouan-Catawban"] = "nai-sca-pro", ["Proto-Slavic"] = "sla-pro", ["Proto-Sogdic"] = "ira-sgc-pro", ["Proto-Somaloid"] = "cus-som-pro", ["Proto-Songhay"] = "son-pro", ["Proto-Sotho-Tswana"] = "bnt-sts-pro", ["Proto-South Cushitic"] = "cus-sou-pro", ["Proto-South Dravidian"] = "dra-sou-pro", ["Proto-South Dravidian I"] = "dra-sdo-pro", ["Proto-South Dravidian II"] = "dra-sdt-pro", ["Proto-South Sulawesi"] = "poz-ssw-pro", ["Proto-Southern Jê"] = "sai-sje-pro", ["Proto-Southwestern Tai"] = "tai-swe-pro", ["Proto-Ta-Arawak"] = "awd-taa-pro", ["Proto-Tai"] = "tai-pro", ["Proto-Takic"] = "azc-tak-pro", ["Proto-Taman"] = "sdv-tmn-pro", ["Proto-Tamangic"] = "sit-tam-pro", ["Proto-Tangkhulic"] = "sit-tng-pro", ["Proto-Tani"] = "sit-tan-pro", ["Proto-Taranoan"] = "sai-tar-pro", ["Proto-Tatic"] = "xme-ttc-pro", ["Proto-Tocharian"] = "ine-toc-pro", ["Proto-Totozoquean"] = "nai-tot-pro", ["Proto-Trans-New Guinea"] = "ngf-pro", ["Proto-Triqui"] = "omq-tri-pro", ["Proto-Tsezian"] = "cau-tsz-pro", ["Proto-Tsimshianic"] = "nai-tsi-pro", ["Proto-Tungusic"] = "tuw-pro", ["Proto-Tupi-Guarani"] = "tup-gua-pro", ["Proto-Tupian"] = "tup-pro", ["Proto-Turkic"] = "trk-pro", ["Proto-Ubangian"] = "nic-ubg-pro", ["Proto-Ugric"] = "urj-ugr-pro", ["Proto-Upper Cross River"] = "nic-ucr-pro", ["Proto-Uralic"] = "urj-pro", ["Proto-Utian"] = "nai-utn-pro", ["Proto-Uto-Aztecan"] = "azc-pro", ["Proto-Vietic"] = "mkh-vie-pro", ["Proto-Volta-Congo"] = "nic-vco-pro", ["Proto-Volta-Niger"] = "alv-von-pro", ["Proto-West Germanic"] = "gmw-pro", ["Proto-West Semitic"] = "sem-wes-pro", ["Proto-Western Kho-Bwa"] = "sit-khw-pro", ["Proto-Western Mande"] = "dmn-mdw-pro", ["Proto-Witotoan"] = "sai-wit-pro", ["Proto-Yeniseian"] = "qfa-yen-pro", ["Proto-Yoruba"] = "alv-yor-pro", ["Proto-Yoruboid"] = "alv-yrd-pro", ["Proto-Yukaghir"] = "qfa-yuk-pro", ["Proto-Yupik"] = "ypk-pro", ["Proto-Zapotec"] = "omq-zpc-pro", ["Proto-Zapotecan"] = "omq-zap-pro", ["Proto-Zaza-Gorani"] = "ira-zgr-pro", ["Providencia Sign Language"] = "prz", ["Psikye"] = "kvj", ["Puare"] = "pux", ["Pudtol Atta"] = "atp", ["Puebla Mazatec"] = "pbm", ["Puelche"] = "pue", ["Puerto Rican Sign Language"] = "psl", ["Puimei Naga"] = "npu", ["Puinave"] = "pui", ["Puiron"] = "sit-prn", ["Pukapukan"] = "pkp", ["Pulabu"] = "pup", ["Puluwat"] = "puw", ["Puma"] = "pum", ["Pumpokol"] = "xpm", ["Pumé"] = "yae", ["Punan Aput"] = "pud", ["Punan Bah-Biau"] = "pna", ["Punan Batu"] = "pnm", ["Punan Merah"] = "puf", ["Punan Merap"] = "puc", ["Punan Tubu"] = "puj", ["Punic"] = "xpu", ["Punjabi"] = "pa", ["Punu"] = "puu", ["Puoc"] = "puo", ["Puquina"] = "puq", ["Puragi"] = "pru", ["Purari"] = "iar", ["Purepecha"] = "pua", ["Puri"] = "prr", ["Purik"] = "prx", ["Purisimeño"] = "puy", ["Puroik"] = "suv", ["Puruborá"] = "pur", ["Puruhá"] = "sai-prh", ["Purukotó"] = "sai-pur", ["Purum"] = "pub", ["Putai"] = "mfl", ["Putoh"] = "put", ["Putukwam"] = "afe", ["Puxian Min"] = "cpx", ["Puyo-Paekche"] = "xpp", ["Puyuma"] = "pyu", ["Pwaamèi"] = "pme", ["Pwapwâ"] = "pop", ["Pyapun"] = "pcw", ["Pye Krumen"] = "pye", ["Pyemmairre"] = "xpb", ["Pyen"] = "pyy", ["Pykobjê"] = "sai-pyk", ["Pyu (Myanmar)"] = "pyx", ["Pyu (New Guinea)"] = "pby", ["Páez"] = "pbb", ["Pááfang"] = "pfa", ["Päri"] = "lkr", ["Pémono"] = "pev", ["Pévé"] = "lme", ["Pökoot"] = "pko", ["Q'anjob'al"] = "kjb", ["Q'eqchi"] = "kek", ["Qabiao"] = "laq", ["Qaqet"] = "byx", ["Qatabanian"] = "xqt", ["Qau"] = "gqu", ["Qila Muji"] = "ymq", ["Qimant"] = "ahg", ["Quapaw"] = "qua", ["Quebec Sign Language"] = "fcs", ["Quechua"] = "qu", ["Quenya"] = "qya", ["Querétaro Otomi"] = "otq", ["Quetzaltepec Mixe"] = "pxm", ["Queyu"] = "qvy", ["Quiavicuzas Zapotec"] = "zpj", ["Quileute"] = "qui", ["Quimbaya"] = "sai-qmb", ["Quinault"] = "qun", ["Quinigua"] = "nai-qng", ["Quinqui"] = "quq", ["Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec"] = "ztq", ["Quiotepec Chinantec"] = "chq", ["Quiripi"] = "qyp", ["Quitemo"] = "sai-qtm", ["Rabha"] = "rah", ["Rabona"] = "sai-rab", ["Rade"] = "rad", ["Raetic"] = "xrr", ["Raga"] = "lml", ["Rahambuu"] = "raz", ["Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo"] = "mqk", ["Rajbanshi"] = "rjs", ["Raji"] = "rji", ["Rajong"] = "rjg", ["Rajput Garasia"] = "gra", ["Rakahanga-Manihiki"] = "rkh", ["Rakhine"] = "rki", ["Ralte"] = "ral", ["Rama"] = "rma", ["Ramandi"] = "tks", ["Ramanos"] = "sai-ram", ["Ramoaaina"] = "rai", ["Ramopa"] = "kjx", ["Rampi"] = "lje", ["Rana Tharu"] = "thr", ["Rang"] = "rax", ["Rangkas"] = "rgk", ["Ranglong"] = "rnl", ["Rao"] = "rao", ["Rapa"] = "ray", ["Rapa Nui"] = "rap", ["Rapoisi"] = "kyx", ["Rapting"] = "rpt", ["Rara Bakati'"] = "lra", ["Rarotongan"] = "rar", ["Rasawa"] = "rac", ["Ratagnon"] = "btn", ["Ratahan"] = "rth", ["Rathawi"] = "rtw", ["Rathwi Bareli"] = "bgd", ["Raute"] = "rau", ["Ravula"] = "yea", ["Rawa"] = "rwo", ["Rawang"] = "raw", ["Rawat"] = "jnl", ["Rawo"] = "rwa", ["Rayón Zoque"] = "zor", ["Razajerdi"] = "rat", ["Razihi"] = "rzh", ["Reang"] = "ria", ["Red Gelao"] = "gir", ["Reel"] = "atu", ["Rejang"] = "rej", ["Rejang Kayan"] = "ree", ["Reli"] = "rei", ["Rema"] = "bow", ["Rembarunga"] = "rmb", ["Rembong"] = "reb", ["Remo"] = "rem", ["Remontado Agta"] = "agv", ["Rempi"] = "rmp", ["Remun"] = "lkj", ["Rendille"] = "rel", ["Rengao"] = "ren", ["Rennellese"] = "mnv", ["Repanbitip"] = "rpn", ["Rer Bare"] = "rer", ["Rerau"] = "rea", ["Rerep"] = "pgk", ["Reshe"] = "res", ["Resígaro"] = "rgr", ["Retta"] = "ret", ["Reyesano"] = "rey", ["Rhine Franconian"] = "gmw-rfr", ["Riang"] = "ril", ["Riantana"] = "ran", ["Ribun"] = "rir", ["Rigwe"] = "iri", ["Rikbaktsa"] = "rkb", ["Rinconada Bikol"] = "bto", ["Rincón Zapotec"] = "zar", ["Ringgou"] = "rgu", ["Ririo"] = "rri", ["Ritarungo"] = "rit", ["Riung"] = "riu", ["Riverain Sango"] = "snj", ["Rogo"] = "rod", ["Rohingya"] = "rhg", ["Roma"] = "rmm", ["Romagnol"] = "rgn", ["Romam"] = "rmx", ["Romani"] = "rom", ["Romanian"] = "ro", ["Romanian Sign Language"] = "rms", ["Romano-Greek"] = "rge", ["Romano-Serbian"] = "rsb", ["Romanova"] = "rmv", ["Romansh"] = "rm", ["Romblomanon"] = "rol", ["Rombo"] = "rof", ["Romkun"] = "rmk", ["Ron"] = "cla", ["Ronga"] = "rng", ["Rongga"] = "ror", ["Rongmei Naga"] = "nbu", ["Rongpo"] = "rnp", ["Ronji"] = "roe", ["Roon"] = "rnn", ["Roria"] = "rga", ["Roro"] = "rro", ["Rotokas"] = "roo", ["Rotuman"] = "rtm", ["Rouran"] = "mis-rou", ["Roviana"] = "rug", ["Ruching Palaung"] = "pce", ["Rudbari"] = "rdb", ["Rufiji"] = "rui", ["Ruga"] = "ruh", ["Rukai"] = "dru", ["Rukiga"] = "cgg", ["Ruma"] = "ruz", ["Rumai Palaung"] = "rbb", ["Rumu"] = "klq", ["Runga"] = "rou", ["Rungtu"] = "rtc", ["Rungus"] = "drg", ["Rungwa"] = "rnw", ["Russenorsk"] = "crp-rsn", ["Russian"] = "ru", ["Russian Sign Language"] = "rsl", ["Rutul"] = "rut", ["Ruuli"] = "ruc", ["Ruwund"] = "rnd", ["Rwa"] = "rwk", ["Rwanda-Rundi"] = "rw", ["Rwandan Sign Language"] = "rsn", ["Réunion Creole French"] = "rcf", ["S'gaw Karen"] = "ksw", ["Sa"] = "sax", ["Sa'a"] = "apb", ["Sa'ban"] = "snv", ["Sa'och"] = "scq", ["Saafi-Saafi"] = "sav", ["Saam"] = "raq", ["Saamia"] = "lsm", ["Saanich"] = "str", ["Saare"] = "uss", ["Saaroa"] = "sxr", ["Saba"] = "saa", ["Sabaean"] = "xsa", ["Sabah Bisaya"] = "bsy", ["Sabah Malay"] = "msi", ["Sabanê"] = "sae", ["Sabaot"] = "spy", ["Sabine"] = "sbv", ["Sabir"] = "pml", ["Sabu"] = "hvn", ["Sabüm"] = "sbo", ["Sacapulteco"] = "quv", ["Sadri"] = "sck", ["Saek"] = "skb", ["Saep"] = "spd", ["Safaitic"] = "sem-saf", ["Safaliba"] = "saf", ["Safeyoka"] = "apz", ["Safwa"] = "sbk", ["Sagala"] = "sbm", ["Sagalla"] = "tga", ["Sahaptin"] = "nai-spt", ["Saho"] = "ssy", ["Sahu"] = "saj", ["Saisiyat"] = "xsy", ["Sajau Basap"] = "sjb", ["Sakachep"] = "sch", ["Sakam"] = "skm", ["Sakao"] = "sku", ["Sakata"] = "skt", ["Sake"] = "sak", ["Sakizaya"] = "szy", ["Sala"] = "shq", ["Salampasu"] = "slx", ["Salar"] = "slr", ["Salas"] = "sgu", ["Saleman"] = "sau", ["Saliba (Colombia)"] = "slc", ["Saliba (New Guinea)"] = "sbe", ["Salinan"] = "sln", ["Salt-Yui"] = "sll", ["Saluan"] = "loe", ["Salumá"] = "slj", ["Salvadoran Lenca"] = "nai-sln", ["Salvadoran Sign Language"] = "esn", ["Sam"] = "snx", ["Sama"] = "smd", ["Samalian"] = "sem-sam", ["Samaritan Aramaic"] = "sam", ["Samaritan Hebrew"] = "smp", ["Samarokena"] = "tmj", ["Samatao"] = "ysd", ["Samba"] = "smx", ["Sambali"] = "xsb", ["Sambalpuri"] = "spv", ["Sambe"] = "xab", ["Samberigi"] = "ssx", ["Samburu"] = "saq", ["Samei"] = "smh", ["Samo"] = "smq", ["Samoan"] = "sm", ["Samoan Plantation Pidgin"] = "crp-spp", ["Samogitian"] = "sgs", ["Samosa"] = "swm", ["Sampang"] = "rav", ["Samre"] = "sxm", ["Samtao"] = "stu", ["Samvedi"] = "smv", ["San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec"] = "ztm", ["San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec"] = "zpx", ["San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca"] = "pow", ["San Jerónimo Tecóatl Mazatec"] = "maa", ["San Juan Atzingo Popoloca"] = "poe", ["San Juan Colorado Mixtec"] = "mjc", ["San Juan Guelavía Zapotec"] = "zab", ["San Juan Quiahije Chatino"] = "omq-sjq", ["San Juan Teita Mixtec"] = "xtj", ["San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca"] = "pps", ["San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca"] = "pls", ["San Martín Itunyoso Triqui"] = "trq", ["San Miguel Creole French"] = "scf", ["San Miguel Piedras Mixtec"] = "xtp", ["San Miguel el Grande Mixtec"] = "mig", ["San Pablo Güilá Zapotec"] = "ztu", ["San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo"] = "azg", ["San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec"] = "zpf", ["San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec"] = "zpt", ["Sanapaná"] = "spn", ["Sanaviron"] = "sai-san", ["Sandawe"] = "sad", ["Sanga (Congo)"] = "sng", ["Sanga (Nigeria)"] = "xsn", ["Sanggau"] = "scg", ["Sangil"] = "snl", ["Sangir"] = "sxn", ["Sangisari"] = "sgr", ["Sangkong"] = "sgk", ["Sanglechi"] = "sgy", ["Sango"] = "sg", ["Sangtam Naga"] = "nsa", ["Sangu (Gabon)"] = "snq", ["Sangu (Tanzania)"] = "sbp", ["Sani"] = "ysn", ["Sanie"] = "ysy", ["Saniyo-Hiyewe"] = "sny", ["Sankaran Maninka"] = "msc", ["Sansi"] = "ssi", ["Sanskrit"] = "sa", ["Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec"] = "ztn", ["Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoloca"] = "pca", ["Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec"] = "zpn", ["Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec"] = "mdv", ["Santa María La Alta Nahuatl"] = "nhz", ["Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec"] = "zpi", ["Santa María Zacatepec Mixtec"] = "mza", ["Santa Teresa Cora"] = "cok", ["Santali"] = "sat", ["Santiago Xanica Zapotec"] = "zpr", ["Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec"] = "zas", ["Sanumá"] = "xsu", ["Sanxiang Min"] = "nan-zsh", ["Sapa"] = "tys", ["Saparua"] = "spr", ["Sapará"] = "sai-sap", ["Sapo"] = "krn", ["Saponi"] = "spi", ["Saposa"] = "sps", ["Sapuan"] = "spu", ["Sapé"] = "spc", ["Sar"] = "mwm", ["Sara"] = "sre", ["Sara Kaba"] = "sbz", ["Sara Kaba Deme"] = "kwg", ["Sara Kaba Náà"] = "kwv", ["Saraiki"] = "skr", ["Saramaccan"] = "srm", ["Sarangani Blaan"] = "bps", ["Sarangani Manobo"] = "mbs", ["Sarasira"] = "zsa", ["Saraveca"] = "sar", ["Sarawak Malay"] = "poz-sml", ["Sardinian"] = "sc", ["Sarikoli"] = "srh", ["Sarli"] = "sdf", ["Sartang"] = "onp", ["Sarua"] = "swy", ["Sarudu"] = "sdu", ["Saruga"] = "sra", ["Sasak"] = "sas", ["Sasaru"] = "sxs", ["Sassarese"] = "sdc", ["Satawalese"] = "stw", ["Saterland Frisian"] = "stq", ["Sateré-Mawé"] = "mav", ["Sathmar Swabian"] = "gmw-stm", ["Saudi Arabian Sign Language"] = "sdl", ["Saurashtra"] = "saz", ["Sauri"] = "srt", ["Sause"] = "sao", ["Sausi"] = "ssj", ["Savi"] = "sdg", ["Savosavo"] = "svs", ["Sawai"] = "szw", ["Saweru"] = "swr", ["Sawi"] = "saw", ["Sawila"] = "swt", ["Sawriya Paharia"] = "mjt", ["Saxwe Gbe"] = "sxw", ["Saya"] = "say", ["Sayula Popoluca"] = "pos", ["Scanian"] = "gmq-scy", ["Scots"] = "sco", ["Scottish Gaelic"] = "gd", ["Seba"] = "kdg", ["Sebat Bet Gurage"] = "sgw", ["Seberuang"] = "sbx", ["Sebop"] = "sib", ["Sebuyau"] = "snb", ["Sechelt"] = "sec", ["Sechura"] = "sai-sec", ["Secoya"] = "sey", ["Sedang"] = "sed", ["Sedoa"] = "tvw", ["Seenku"] = "sos", ["Segai"] = "sge", ["Segeju"] = "seg", ["Seget"] = "sbg", ["Sehwi"] = "sfw", ["Seimat"] = "ssg", ["Seit-Kaitetu"] = "hik", ["Sekani"] = "sek", ["Sekapan"] = "skp", ["Sekar"] = "skz", ["Seke"] = "skj", ["Sekele"] = "vaj", ["Seki"] = "syi", ["Seko Padang"] = "skx", ["Seko Tengah"] = "sko", ["Sekpele"] = "lip", ["Selangor Sign Language"] = "kgi", ["Selaru"] = "slu", ["Selayar"] = "sly", ["Selee"] = "snw", ["Selepet"] = "spl", ["Selk'nam"] = "ona", ["Selonian"] = "sxl", ["Selungai Murut"] = "slg", ["Seluwasan"] = "sws", ["Sema"] = "nsm", ["Semai"] = "sea", ["Semandang"] = "sdm", ["Semaq Beri"] = "szc", ["Sembakung Murut"] = "sbr", ["Semelai"] = "sza", ["Semigallian"] = "xzm", ["Semimi"] = "etz", ["Semnam"] = "ssm", ["Semnani"] = "smy", ["Sempan"] = "xse", ["Sena"] = "seh", ["Senara"] = "seq", ["Senaya"] = "syn", ["Sene"] = "sej", ["Seneca"] = "see", ["Sengele"] = "szg", ["Senggi"] = "snu", ["Sengo"] = "spk", ["Sengseng"] = "ssz", ["Senhaja de Srair"] = "sjs", ["Sensi"] = "sni", ["Sentani"] = "set", ["Senthang Chin"] = "sez", ["Sentinelese"] = "std", ["Sepa (Indonesia)"] = "spb", ["Sepa (New Guinea)"] = "spe", ["Sepen"] = "spm", ["Sepik Iwam"] = "iws", ["Sera"] = "sry", ["Serbo-Croatian"] = "sh", ["Sere"] = "swf", ["Serer"] = "srr", ["Seri"] = "sei", ["Serili"] = "sve", ["Seroa"] = "kqu", ["Serrano"] = "ser", ["Seru"] = "szd", ["Serua"] = "srw", ["Serudung Murut"] = "srk", ["Serui-Laut"] = "seu", ["Seta"] = "stf", ["Setaman"] = "stm", ["Seti"] = "sbi", ["Severn Ojibwa"] = "ojs", ["Sewa Bay"] = "sew", ["Seychelles Sign Language"] = "lsw", ["Seychellois Creole"] = "crs", ["Seze"] = "sze", ["Sha"] = "scw", ["Shabak"] = "sdb", ["Shabo"] = "sbf", ["Shahmirzadi"] = "srz", ["Shahrudi"] = "shm", ["Shall-Zwall"] = "sha", ["Shama-Sambuga"] = "sqa", ["Shamang"] = "xsh", ["Shambala"] = "ksb", ["Shan"] = "shn", ["Shanenawa"] = "swo", ["Shanga"] = "sho", ["Shangzhai"] = "jih", ["Shaojiang Min"] = "sjc", ["Shaozhou Tuhua"] = "zhx-sht", ["Sharanahua"] = "mcd", ["Shark Bay"] = "ssv", ["Sharwa"] = "swq", ["Shasta"] = "sht", ["Shatt"] = "shj", ["Shau"] = "sqh", ["Shawnee"] = "sjw", ["She"] = "shx", ["Shebayo"] = "awd-she", ["Shehri"] = "shv", ["Shekkacho"] = "moy", ["Sheko"] = "she", ["Shelta"] = "sth", ["Shendu"] = "shl", ["Sheni"] = "scv", ["Sherbro"] = "bun", ["Sherdukpen"] = "sdp", ["Sherpa"] = "xsr", ["Sheshi Kham"] = "kip", ["Shetland"] = "scz", ["Shi"] = "shr", ["Shihhi Arabic"] = "ssh", ["Shiki"] = "gua", ["Shilluk"] = "shk", ["Shina"] = "scl", ["Shinasha"] = "bwo", ["Shipibo-Conibo"] = "shp", ["Shixing"] = "sxg", ["Sholaga"] = "sle", ["Shom Peng"] = "sii", ["Shona"] = "sn", ["Shoo-Minda-Nye"] = "bcv", ["Shor"] = "cjs", ["Shoshone"] = "shh", ["Shua"] = "shg", ["Shuar"] = "jiv", ["Shughni"] = "sgh", ["Shumashti"] = "sts", ["Shumcho"] = "scu", ["Shuswap"] = "shs", ["Shuwa-Zamani"] = "ksa", ["Shwai"] = "shw", ["Shwe Palaung"] = "pll", ["Sialum"] = "slw", ["Siamou"] = "sif", ["Sian"] = "spg", ["Siane"] = "snp", ["Siang"] = "sya", ["Siar-Lak"] = "sjr", ["Sibe"] = "nco", ["Siberian Tatar"] = "sty", ["Sibu Melanau"] = "sdx", ["Sicanian"] = "sxc", ["Sicel"] = "scx", ["Sichuanese"] = "zhx-sic", ["Sicilian"] = "scn", ["Sicite"] = "sep", ["Siculo-Arabic"] = "sqr", ["Sidamo"] = "sid", ["Sidetic"] = "xsd", ["Sie"] = "erg", ["Sierra Leone Sign Language"] = "sgx", ["Sierra Negra Nahuatl"] = "nsu", ["Sierra de Juárez Zapotec"] = "zaa", ["Sighu"] = "sxe", ["Sihan"] = "snr", ["Sika"] = "ski", ["Sikaiana"] = "sky", ["Sikaritai"] = "tty", ["Sikiana"] = "sik", ["Sikkimese"] = "sip", ["Sikule"] = "skh", ["Sila"] = "slt", ["Silacayoapan Mixtec"] = "mks", ["Silesian"] = "szl", ["Silimo"] = "wul", ["Siliput"] = "mkc", ["Silopi"] = "xsp", ["Silt'e"] = "stv", ["Simaa"] = "sie", ["Simalungun Batak"] = "bts", ["Simba"] = "sbw", ["Simbali"] = "smg", ["Simbari"] = "smb", ["Simbo"] = "sbb", ["Simeku"] = "smz", ["Simeulue"] = "smr", ["Simte"] = "smt", ["Sinacantán"] = "nai-sin", ["Sinagen"] = "siu", ["Sinasina"] = "sst", ["Sinaugoro"] = "snc", ["Sindarin"] = "sjn", ["Sindhi"] = "sd", ["Sindhi Bhil"] = "sbn", ["Sindihui Mixtec"] = "xts", ["Singa"] = "sgm", ["Singapore Sign Language"] = "sls", ["Singpho"] = "sgp", ["Sinhalese"] = "si", ["Sinicahua Mixtec"] = "xti", ["Sininkere"] = "skq", ["Sinte Romani"] = "rmo", ["Sinyar"] = "sys", ["Sinúfana"] = "sai-sin", ["Sio"] = "xsi", ["Siona"] = "snn", ["Sipakapense"] = "qum", ["Sira"] = "swj", ["Siraya"] = "fos", ["Sirenik"] = "ysr", ["Siri"] = "sir", ["Siriano"] = "sri", ["Sirionó"] = "srq", ["Sirmauri"] = "srx", ["Siroi"] = "ssd", ["Sirva"] = "sbq", ["Sisaala"] = "sld", ["Sissano"] = "sso", ["Situ"] = "sit-sit", ["Siuslaw"] = "sis", ["Sivandi"] = "siy", ["Sivia Sign Language"] = "lsv", ["Siwai"] = "siw", ["Siwi"] = "siz", ["Siwu"] = "akp", ["Siyin Chin"] = "csy", ["Skalvian"] = "svx", ["Ske"] = "ske", ["Skepi Creole Dutch"] = "skw", ["Skolt Sami"] = "sms", ["Skou"] = "skv", ["Slavomolisano"] = "svm", ["Slovak"] = "sk", ["Slovakian Sign Language"] = "svk", ["Slovene"] = "sl", ["Slovincian"] = "zlw-slv", ["Small Flowery Miao"] = "sfm", ["Smärky Kanum"] = "kxq", ["So'a"] = "ssq", ["Sobei"] = "sob", ["Sochiapam Chinantec"] = "cso", ["Soga"] = "xog", ["Sogdian"] = "sog", ["Sok"] = "skk", ["Sokna"] = "swn", ["Soko"] = "soc", ["Sokoro"] = "sok", ["Solano"] = "xso", ["Soli"] = "sby", ["Solombala English"] = "crp-slb", ["Solomon Islands Sign Language"] = "szs", ["Solon"] = "tuw-sol", ["Solong"] = "aaw", ["Solos"] = "sol", ["Som"] = "smc", ["Somali"] = "so", ["Somba-Siawari"] = "bmu", ["Somra"] = "ntx", ["Somrai"] = "sor", ["Somray"] = "smu", ["Somyev"] = "kgt", ["Sonaga"] = "ysg", ["Sonde"] = "shc", ["Songe"] = "sop", ["Songlai Chin"] = "csj", ["Songomeno"] = "soe", ["Songoora"] = "sod", ["Sonha"] = "soi", ["Sonia"] = "siq", ["Soninke"] = "snk", ["Sonsorolese"] = "sov", ["Soo"] = "teu", ["Sop"] = "urw", ["Soqotri"] = "sqt", ["Sora"] = "srb", ["Sori-Harengan"] = "sbh", ["Sorkhei"] = "sqo", ["Sorothaptic"] = "sxo", ["Sorsogon Ayta"] = "ays", ["Sos Kundi"] = "sdk", ["Sota Kanum"] = "krz", ["Sotho"] = "st", ["Sou"] = "sqq", ["Sougb"] = "mnx", ["South African Sign Language"] = "sfs", ["South Awyu"] = "aws", ["South Boma"] = "bnt-sbo", ["South Central Banda"] = "lnl", ["South Central Dinka"] = "dib", ["South Efate"] = "erk", ["South Fali"] = "fal", ["South Giziga"] = "giz", ["South Lembata"] = "lmf", ["South Levantine Arabic"] = "ajp", ["South Marquesan"] = "mqm", ["South Muyu"] = "kts", ["South Nuaulu"] = "nxl", ["South Picene"] = "spx", ["South Slavey"] = "xsl", ["South Tairora"] = "omw", ["South Tukang Besi"] = "bhq", ["South Ucayali Ashéninka"] = "cpy", ["South Watut"] = "mcy", ["Southeast Ambrym"] = "tvk", ["Southeast Babar"] = "vbb", ["Southeast Ijo"] = "ijs", ["Southeast Pashayi"] = "psi", ["Southeast Tasmanian"] = "xpf", ["Southeastern Dinka"] = "dks", ["Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec"] = "zpd", ["Southeastern Kolami"] = "nit", ["Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec"] = "mxy", ["Southeastern Pomo"] = "pom", ["Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl"] = "npl", ["Southeastern Tarahumara"] = "tcu", ["Southeastern Tepehuan"] = "stp", ["Southern Alta"] = "agy", ["Southern Altai"] = "alt", ["Southern Amami Ōshima"] = "ams", ["Southern Bai"] = "bfs", ["Southern Birifor"] = "biv", ["Southern Bobo"] = "bwq", ["Southern Bontoc"] = "obk", ["Southern Carrier"] = "caf", ["Southern Catanduanes Bikol"] = "bln", ["Southern Dagaare"] = "dga", ["Southern East Cree"] = "crj", ["Southern Ghale"] = "ghe", ["Southern Grebo"] = "grj", ["Southern Guiyang Hmong"] = "hmy", ["Southern Haida"] = "hax", ["Southern Hindko"] = "hnd", ["Southern Kalapuya"] = "sxk", ["Southern Kalinga"] = "ksc", ["Southern Kam"] = "kmc", ["Southern Khanty"] = "kca-sou", ["Southern Kissi"] = "kss", ["Southern Kiwai"] = "kjd", ["Southern Kurdish"] = "sdh", ["Southern Lolopo"] = "ysp", ["Southern Lorung"] = "lrr", ["Southern Luri"] = "luz", ["Southern Ma'di"] = "snm", ["Southern Mansi"] = "mns-sou", ["Southern Mashan Hmong"] = "hma", ["Southern Mnong"] = "mnn", ["Southern Muji"] = "ymc", ["Southern Ndebele"] = "nr", ["Southern Ngbandi"] = "nbw", ["Southern Nicobarese"] = "nik", ["Southern Nisu"] = "nsd", ["Southern Nuni"] = "nnw", ["Southern Ohlone"] = "css", ["Southern One"] = "osu", ["Southern Pame"] = "pmz", ["Southern Pinghua"] = "csp", ["Southern Pomo"] = "peq", ["Southern Puebla Mixtec"] = "mit", ["Southern Pumi"] = "pmj", ["Southern Qiandong Miao"] = "hms", ["Southern Qiang"] = "qxs", ["Southern Rengma Naga"] = "nre", ["Southern Rincon Zapotec"] = "zsr", ["Southern Roglai"] = "rgs", ["Southern Sama"] = "ssb", ["Southern Sami"] = "sma", ["Southern Samo"] = "sbd", ["Southern Selkup"] = "sel-sou", ["Southern Sierra Miwok"] = "skd", ["Southern Thai"] = "sou", ["Southern Tidung"] = "itd", ["Southern Tiwa"] = "tix", ["Southern Toussian"] = "wib", ["Southern Tujia"] = "tjs", ["Southern Tutchone"] = "tce", ["Southern Valley Yokuts"] = "yok-svy", ["Southern Yukaghir"] = "yux", ["Southwest Gbaya"] = "gso", ["Southwest Palawano"] = "plv", ["Southwest Pashayi"] = "psh", ["Southwest Tanna"] = "nwi", ["Southwestern Bontoc"] = "vbk", ["Southwestern Dinka"] = "dik", ["Southwestern Fars"] = "fay", ["Southwestern Guiyang Hmong"] = "hmg", ["Southwestern Huishui Hmong"] = "hmh", ["Southwestern Nisu"] = "nsv", ["Southwestern Tarahumara"] = "twr", ["Southwestern Tepehuan"] = "tla", ["Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"] = "meh", ["Sowa"] = "sww", ["Sowanda"] = "sow", ["Soyaltepec Mazatec"] = "vmp", ["Soyaltepec Mixtec"] = "vmq", ["Spanish"] = "es", ["Spanish Sign Language"] = "ssp", ["Spiti Bhoti"] = "spt", ["Spokane"] = "spo", ["Squamish"] = "squ", ["Sranan Tongo"] = "srn", ["Sri Lankan Creole Malay"] = "sci", ["Sri Lankan Sign Language"] = "sqs", ["Stau"] = "ero-tau", ["Stod Bhoti"] = "sbu", ["Stoney"] = "sto", ["Suabo"] = "szp", ["Suau"] = "swp", ["Suba"] = "sxb", ["Suba-Simbiti"] = "ssc", ["Subi"] = "xsj", ["Subiya"] = "sbs", ["Subtiaba"] = "sut", ["Sudanese Arabic"] = "apd", ["Sudest"] = "tgo", ["Sudovian"] = "xsv", ["Suena"] = "sue", ["Suga"] = "sgi", ["Suganga"] = "sug", ["Sugut Dusun"] = "kzs", ["Sui"] = "swi", ["Suki"] = "sui", ["Suku"] = "sub", ["Sukuma"] = "suk", ["Sukur"] = "syk", ["Sukurum"] = "zsu", ["Sula"] = "szn", ["Sulka"] = "sua", ["Sulod"] = "srg", ["Suma"] = "sqm", ["Sumariup"] = "siv", ["Sumau"] = "six", ["Sumbawa"] = "smw", ["Sumbwa"] = "suw", ["Sumerian"] = "sux", ["Sumtu Chin"] = "csv", ["Sunam"] = "ssk", ["Sundanese"] = "su", ["Sungwadaga"] = "mwo", ["Sungwadia"] = "mrb", ["Sunum"] = "ymn", ["Sunwar"] = "suz", ["Suoy"] = "syo", ["Supyire"] = "spp", ["Sur"] = "tdl", ["Surbakhal"] = "sbj", ["Suri"] = "suq", ["Surigaonon"] = "sgd", ["Surjapuri"] = "sjp", ["Sursurunga"] = "sgz", ["Suruahá"] = "swx", ["Surubu"] = "sde", ["Suruí"] = "sru", ["Suruí Do Pará"] = "mdz", ["Susquehannock"] = "sqn", ["Susu"] = "sus", ["Susuami"] = "ssu", ["Suundi"] = "sdj", ["Suwawa"] = "swu", ["Suyá"] = "suy", ["Svan"] = "sva", ["Swabian"] = "swg", ["Swahili"] = "sw", ["Swampy Cree"] = "csw", ["Swazi"] = "ss", ["Swedish"] = "sv", ["Swedish Sign Language"] = "swl", ["Swiss-French Sign Language"] = "ssr", ["Swiss-German Sign Language"] = "sgg", ["Swiss-Italian Sign Language"] = "slf", ["Swo"] = "sox", ["Syenara"] = "shz", ["Sylheti"] = "syl", ["Sácata"] = "sai-sac", ["São Paulo Kaingáng"] = "zkp", ["Sãotomense"] = "cri", ["Sîshëë"] = "sih", ["Sô"] = "sss", ["T'en"] = "tct", ["Taabwa"] = "tap", ["Taba"] = "mky", ["Tabaa Zapotec"] = "zat", ["Tabancale"] = "sai-tab", ["Tabaru"] = "tby", ["Tabasaran"] = "tab", ["Tabasco Nahuatl"] = "nhc", ["Tabasco Zoque"] = "zoq", ["Tabla"] = "tnm", ["Tabo"] = "knv", ["Tabriak"] = "tzx", ["Tacahua Mixtec"] = "xtt", ["Tacana"] = "tna", ["Tachawit"] = "shy", ["Tadaksahak"] = "dsq", ["Tadyawan"] = "tdy", ["Tae'"] = "rob", ["Tafi"] = "tcd", ["Tafreshi"] = "xme-taf", ["Tagabawa"] = "bgs", ["Tagakaulu Kalagan"] = "klg", ["Tagal Murut"] = "mvv", ["Tagalog"] = "tl", ["Tagbu"] = "tbm", ["Tagdal"] = "tda", ["Tagish"] = "tgx", ["Tagoi"] = "tag", ["Tagwana"] = "tgw", ["Tahitian"] = "ty", ["Tahltan"] = "tht", ["Tai"] = "taw", ["Tai Daeng"] = "tyr", ["Tai Dam"] = "blt", ["Tai Do"] = "tyj", ["Tai Dón"] = "twh", ["Tai Hang Tong"] = "thc", ["Tai Hongjin"] = "tiz", ["Tai Laing"] = "tjl", ["Tai Loi"] = "tlq", ["Tai Long"] = "thi", ["Tai Nüa"] = "tdd", ["Tai Pao"] = "tpo", ["Tai Thanh"] = "tmm", ["Tai Ya"] = "cuu", ["Taiap"] = "gpn", ["Taikat"] = "aos", ["Taimyr Pidgin Russian"] = "crp-tpr", ["Tainae"] = "ago", ["Tairuma"] = "uar", ["Taishanese"] = "zhx-tai", ["Taita"] = "dav", ["Taivoan"] = "tvx", ["Taiwan Sign Language"] = "tss", ["Taje"] = "pee", ["Tajik"] = "tg", ["Tajiki Arabic"] = "abh", ["Tajio"] = "tdj", ["Tajuasohn"] = "tja", ["Takelma"] = "tkm", ["Takia"] = "tbc", ["Takua"] = "tkz", ["Takuu"] = "nho", ["Takwane"] = "tke", ["Tal"] = "tal", ["Tala"] = "tak", ["Talaud"] = "tld", ["Taliabu"] = "tlv", ["Talieng"] = "tdf", ["Talinga-Bwisi"] = "tlj", ["Talise"] = "tlr", ["Tallán"] = "sai-tal", ["Talodi"] = "tlo", ["Taloki"] = "tlk", ["Talondo'"] = "tln", ["Talossan"] = "tzl", ["Talu"] = "yta", ["Talysh"] = "tly", ["Tama (Chad)"] = "tma", ["Tama (Colombia)"] = "ten", ["Tamagario"] = "tcg", ["Tamambo"] = "mla", ["Taman (Indonesia)"] = "tmn", ["Taman (Myanmar)"] = "tcl", ["Tamanaku"] = "tmz", ["Tamazola Mixtec"] = "vmx", ["Tambas"] = "tdk", ["Tambora"] = "xxt", ["Tambotalo"] = "tls", ["Tami"] = "tmy", ["Tamil"] = "ta", ["Tamki"] = "tax", ["Tamnim Citak"] = "tml", ["Tampias Lobu"] = "low", ["Tampuan"] = "tpu", ["Tampulma"] = "tpm", ["Tanacross"] = "tcb", ["Tanahmerah"] = "tcm", ["Tanapag"] = "tpv", ["Tanchangya"] = "tnv", ["Tandaganon"] = "tgn", ["Tandia"] = "tni", ["Tanema"] = "tnx", ["Tangale"] = "tan", ["Tangam"] = "sit-tgm", ["Tanggu"] = "tgu", ["Tangkhul Naga"] = "nmf", ["Tangko"] = "tkx", ["Tangoa"] = "tgp", ["Tangsa"] = "nst", ["Tanguat"] = "tbs", ["Tangut"] = "txg", ["Tangwang"] = "mis-tnw", ["Tanimbili"] = "tbe", ["Tanimuca-Retuarã"] = "tnc", ["Tanjijili"] = "uji", ["Tanudan Kalinga"] = "kml", ["Tanzanian Sign Language"] = "tza", ["Taos"] = "twf", ["Tapachultec"] = "nai-tap", ["Taparita"] = "sai-tpr", ["Tapayuna"] = "sai-tap", ["Tapei"] = "afp", ["Tapieté"] = "tpj", ["Tapirapé"] = "taf", ["Tar Gula"] = "kcm", ["Tara Baka"] = "bdh", ["Tarairiú"] = "sai-trr", ["Tarantino"] = "roa-tar", ["Tarao"] = "tro", ["Taraon"] = "mhu", ["Tareng"] = "tgr", ["Tariana"] = "tae", ["Tarifit"] = "rif", ["Tarjumo"] = "txj", ["Tarok"] = "yer", ["Taroko"] = "trv", ["Tarpia"] = "tpf", ["Tartessian"] = "txr", ["Taruma"] = "tdm", ["Tasawaq"] = "twq", ["Tashelhit"] = "shi", ["Tasmate"] = "tmt", ["Tat"] = "ttt", ["Tataltepec Chatino"] = "cta", ["Tatana"] = "txx", ["Tatar"] = "tt", ["Tataviam"] = "azc-tat", ["Tatuyo"] = "tav", ["Tauade"] = "ttd", ["Taulil"] = "tuh", ["Taungyo"] = "tco", ["Taupota"] = "tpa", ["Tause"] = "tad", ["Taushiro"] = "trr", ["Tausug"] = "tsg", ["Tauya"] = "tya", ["Taveta"] = "tvs", ["Tavoyan"] = "tvn", ["Tavringer Romani"] = "rmu", ["Tawala"] = "tbo", ["Tawandê"] = "xtw", ["Tawang Monpa"] = "twm", ["Tawasa"] = "nai-taw", ["Taworta"] = "tbp", ["Tawoyan"] = "twy", ["Tawr Chin"] = "tcp", ["Tay Khang"] = "tnu", ["Taymanitic"] = "sem-tay", ["Tayo"] = "cks", ["Taíno"] = "tnq", ["Tboli"] = "tbl", ["Tchitchege"] = "tck", ["Tchumbuli"] = "bqa", ["Te'un"] = "tve", ["Teanu"] = "tkw", ["Tebul Sign Language"] = "tsy", ["Tebul Ure Dogon"] = "dtu", ["Tecpatlán Totonac"] = "tcw", ["Tedaga"] = "tuq", ["Tedim Chin"] = "ctd", ["Tee"] = "tkq", ["Tefaro"] = "tfo", ["Tegali"] = "ras", ["Tehit"] = "kps", ["Tehuelche"] = "teh", ["Teiwa"] = "twe", ["Tejalapan Zapotec"] = "ztt", ["Teke-Fuumu"] = "ifm", ["Teke-Kukuya"] = "kkw", ["Teke-Laali"] = "lli", ["Teke-Tege"] = "teg", ["Teke-Tsaayi"] = "tyi", ["Teke-Tyee"] = "tyx", ["Tektiteko"] = "ttc", ["Tela-Masbuar"] = "tvm", ["Telefol"] = "tlf", ["Telugu"] = "te", ["Teluti"] = "tlt", ["Tem"] = "kdh", ["Temascaltepec Nahuatl"] = "nhv", ["Tembé"] = "tqb", ["Teme"] = "tdo", ["Temein"] = "teq", ["Temi"] = "soz", ["Temiar"] = "tea", ["Temne"] = "tem", ["Temoaya Otomi"] = "ott", ["Temoq"] = "tmo", ["Tempasuk Dusun"] = "tdu", ["Ten'edn"] = "tnz", ["Tenango Otomi"] = "otn", ["Tene Kan Dogon"] = "dtk", ["Tenggarong Kutai Malay"] = "vkt", ["Tengger"] = "tes", ["Tenharim"] = "pah", ["Tenino"] = "tqn", ["Tenis"] = "tns", ["Tennet"] = "tex", ["Teochew"] = "nan-tws", ["Teojomulco Chatino"] = "omq-teo", ["Teop"] = "tio", ["Teor"] = "tev", ["Tepecano"] = "tep", ["Tepetotutla Chinantec"] = "cnt", ["Tepeuxila Cuicatec"] = "cux", ["Tepinapa Chinantec"] = "cte", ["Tepo Krumen"] = "ted", ["Teposcolula Mixtec"] = "omq-tel", ["Tequistlatec"] = "nai-teq", ["Ter Sami"] = "sjt", ["Tera"] = "ttr", ["Terebu"] = "trb", ["Terei"] = "buo", ["Terengganu Malay"] = "poz-ter", ["Tereno"] = "ter", ["Teressa"] = "tef", ["Tereweng"] = "twg", ["Teribe"] = "tfr", ["Terik"] = "tec", ["Termanu"] = "twu", ["Ternate"] = "tft", ["Ternateño"] = "tmg", ["Tese"] = "keg", ["Teshenawa"] = "twc", ["Tetela"] = "tll", ["Tetelcingo Nahuatl"] = "nhg", ["Tetete"] = "teb", ["Tetserret"] = "tez", ["Tetum"] = "tet", ["Tetun Dili"] = "tdt", ["Teushen"] = "sai-teu", ["Teutila Cuicatec"] = "cut", ["Tewa"] = "tew", ["Texcatepec Otomi"] = "otx", ["Texistepec Popoluca"] = "poq", ["Texmelucan Zapotec"] = "zpz", ["Tezoatlán Mixtec"] = "mxb", ["Tha"] = "thy", ["Thachanadan"] = "thn", ["Thado Chin"] = "tcz", ["Thai"] = "th", ["Thai Mon"] = "mnw-tha", ["Thai Sign Language"] = "tsq", ["Thai Song"] = "soa", ["Thaiphum Chin"] = "cth", ["Thakali"] = "ths", ["Thamudic"] = "sem-tha", ["Thangal Naga"] = "nki", ["Thangmi"] = "thf", ["Thao"] = "ssf", ["Tharaka"] = "thk", ["Tharrgari"] = "dhr", ["Thavung"] = "thm", ["Thawa"] = "xtv", ["Tho"] = "tou", ["Thompson"] = "thp", ["Thopho"] = "ytp", ["Thracian"] = "txh", ["Thu Lao"] = "tyl", ["Thulung"] = "tdh", ["Thurawal"] = "tbh", ["Thuri"] = "thu", ["Tiagba"] = "ahi", ["Tiale"] = "mnl", ["Tiang"] = "tbj", ["Tibea"] = "ngy", ["Tibetan"] = "bo", ["Tibetan Sign Language"] = "lsn", ["Ticuna"] = "tca", ["Tidaá Mixtec"] = "mtx", ["Tidore"] = "tvo", ["Tiemacèwè Bozo"] = "boo", ["Tiene"] = "tii", ["Tifal"] = "tif", ["Tigak"] = "tgc", ["Tigon Mbembe"] = "nza", ["Tigre"] = "tig", ["Tigrinya"] = "ti", ["Tii"] = "txq", ["Tijaltepec Mixtec"] = "xtl", ["Tikar"] = "tik", ["Tikopia"] = "tkp", ["Tilapa Otomi"] = "otl", ["Tillamook"] = "til", ["Tilquiapan Zapotec"] = "zts", ["Tilung"] = "tij", ["Tima"] = "tms", ["Timbe"] = "tim", ["Timor Pidgin"] = "tvy", ["Timote"] = "sai-tim", ["Timucua"] = "tjm", ["Timugon Murut"] = "tih", ["Tinani"] = "lbf", ["Tindi"] = "tin", ["Tingui-Boto"] = "tgv", ["Tinigua"] = "tit", ["Tinoc Kallahan"] = "tne", ["Tinputz"] = "tpz", ["Tinrin"] = "cir", ["Tipai"] = "nai-tip", ["Tippera"] = "tpe", ["Tira"] = "tic", ["Tirahi"] = "tra", ["Tiranige Diga Dogon"] = "tde", ["Tirax"] = "mme", ["Tiruray"] = "tiy", ["Tita"] = "tdq", ["Titan"] = "ttv", ["Tiv"] = "tiv", ["Tiwa"] = "lax", ["Tiwi"] = "tiw", ["Tiéfo"] = "tiq", ["Tiéyaxo Bozo"] = "boz", ["Tjurruru"] = "tju", ["Tlachichilco Tepehua"] = "tpt", ["Tlacoapa Me'phaa"] = "tpl", ["Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec"] = "ctl", ["Tlacolulita Zapotec"] = "zpk", ["Tlahuica"] = "ocu", ["Tlahuitoltepec Mixe"] = "mxp", ["Tlamacazapa Nahuatl"] = "nuz", ["Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec"] = "mqh", ["Tlingit"] = "tli", ["To"] = "toz", ["To'abaita"] = "mlu", ["Toaripi"] = "tqo", ["Toba"] = "tob", ["Toba Batak"] = "bbc", ["Toba-Maskoy"] = "tmf", ["Tobagonian Creole English"] = "tgh", ["Tobanga"] = "tng", ["Tobati"] = "tti", ["Tobelo"] = "tlb", ["Tobian"] = "tox", ["Tobilung"] = "tgb", ["Tobo"] = "tbv", ["Tocantins Asurini"] = "asu", ["Tocharian A"] = "xto", ["Tocharian B"] = "txb", ["Tocho"] = "taz", ["Toda"] = "tcx", ["Todrah"] = "tdr", ["Tofa"] = "kim", ["Tofanma"] = "tlg", ["Tofin Gbe"] = "tfi", ["Togbo-Vara Banda"] = "tor", ["Togoyo"] = "tgy", ["Tojolabal"] = "toj", ["Tok Pisin"] = "tpi", ["Toka-Leya"] = "dov", ["Tokano"] = "zuh", ["Tokelauan"] = "tkl", ["Toki Pona"] = "tok", ["Tokunoshima"] = "tkn", ["Tol"] = "jic", ["Tolai"] = "ksd", ["Tolaki"] = "lbw", ["Tolomako"] = "tlm", ["Tolowa"] = "tol", ["Toloza"] = "ytl", ["Toma"] = "tod", ["Tomadino"] = "tdi", ["Tombelala"] = "ttp", ["Tombonuo"] = "txa", ["Tombulu"] = "tom", ["Tomini"] = "txm", ["Tommeginne"] = "xpv", ["Tommo So"] = "dto", ["Tomo Kan Dogon"] = "dtm", ["Tomoip"] = "tqp", ["Tondano"] = "tdn", ["Tonga (Malawi)"] = "tog", ["Tonga (Mozambique)"] = "toh", ["Tonga (Zambia)"] = "toi", ["Tongan"] = "to", ["Tongwe"] = "tny", ["Tonjon"] = "tjn", ["Tonkawa"] = "tqw", ["Tonsawang"] = "tnw", ["Tonsea"] = "txs", ["Tontemboan"] = "tnt", ["Toogee"] = "xpx", ["Tooro"] = "ttj", ["Topoiyo"] = "toy", ["Toposa"] = "toq", ["Toraja-Sa'dan"] = "sda", ["Toram"] = "trj", ["Torau"] = "ttu", ["Toro"] = "tdv", ["Toro So Dogon"] = "dts", ["Toro Tegu Dogon"] = "dtt", ["Toromono"] = "tno", ["Torona"] = "tqr", ["Torres Strait Creole"] = "tcs", ["Torricelli"] = "tei", ["Torwali"] = "trw", ["Torá"] = "trz", ["Tosu"] = "sit-tos", ["Totela"] = "ttl", ["Toto"] = "txo", ["Totoli"] = "txe", ["Totomachapan Zapotec"] = "zph", ["Totontepec Mixe"] = "mto", ["Totoro"] = "ttk", ["Touo"] = "tqu", ["Toura"] = "neb", ["Towei"] = "ttn", ["Translingual"] = "mul", ["Transylvanian Saxon"] = "gmw-tsx", ["Traveller Danish"] = "rmd", ["Traveller Norwegian"] = "rmg", ["Traveller Scottish"] = "trl", ["Tregami"] = "trm", ["Tremembé"] = "tme", ["Trieng"] = "stg", ["Trimuris"] = "tip", ["Tring"] = "tgq", ["Tringgus"] = "trx", ["Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language"] = "lst", ["Trinidadian Creole English"] = "trf", ["Trinitario"] = "trn", ["Trió"] = "tri", ["Truká"] = "tka", ["Trumai"] = "tpy", ["Ts'ün-Lao"] = "tsl", ["Tsaangi"] = "tsa", ["Tsafiki"] = "cof", ["Tsakhur"] = "tkr", ["Tsakonian"] = "tsd", ["Tsakwambo"] = "kvz", ["Tsamai"] = "tsb", ["Tsat"] = "huq", ["Tsetsaut"] = "txc", ["Tsez"] = "ddo", ["Tshangla"] = "tsj", ["Tshobdun"] = "sit-tsh", ["Tshwa"] = "hio", ["Tsikimba"] = "kdl", ["Tsimané"] = "cas", ["Tsimshian"] = "tsi", ["Tsishingini"] = "tsw", ["Tso"] = "ldp", ["Tsogo"] = "tsv", ["Tsonga"] = "ts", ["Tsotsitaal"] = "fly", ["Tsou"] = "tsu", ["Tsucuba"] = "cbq", ["Tsum"] = "ttz", ["Tsuut'ina"] = "srs", ["Tsuvadi"] = "tvd", ["Tsuvan"] = "tsh", ["Tswa"] = "tsc", ["Tswana"] = "tn", ["Tswapong"] = "two", ["Tuamotuan"] = "pmt", ["Tuareg"] = "tmh", ["Tubar"] = "tbu", ["Tucano"] = "tuo", ["Tugen"] = "tuy", ["Tugun"] = "tzn", ["Tugutil"] = "tuj", ["Tuki"] = "bag", ["Tukpa"] = "tpq", ["Tukudede"] = "tkd", ["Tukumanféd"] = "tkf", ["Tula"] = "tul", ["Tule-Kaweah Yokuts"] = "yok-tky", ["Tulehu"] = "tlu", ["Tulishi"] = "tey", ["Tulu"] = "tcy", ["Tulu-Bohuai"] = "rak", ["Tulua"] = "aus-tul", ["Tuma-Irumu"] = "iou", ["Tumak"] = "tmc", ["Tumbuka"] = "tum", ["Tumi"] = "kku", ["Tumleo"] = "tmq", ["Tumshuqese"] = "xtq", ["Tumtum"] = "tbr", ["Tumulung Sisaala"] = "sil", ["Tundra Enets"] = "enh", ["Tundra Nenets"] = "yrk-tun", ["Tunen"] = "tvu", ["Tungag"] = "lcm", ["Tunggare"] = "trt", ["Tunia"] = "tug", ["Tunica"] = "tun", ["Tunisian Arabic"] = "aeb", ["Tunisian Berber"] = "sds", ["Tunisian Sign Language"] = "tse", ["Tunjung"] = "tjg", ["Tunni"] = "tqq", ["Tunumiisut"] = "esx-tut", ["Tunzu"] = "dza", ["Tuoba"] = "mis-tuo", ["Tuotomb"] = "ttf", ["Tuparí"] = "tpr", ["Tupinambá"] = "tpn", ["Tupinikin"] = "tpk", ["Tupuri"] = "tui", ["Turaka"] = "trh", ["Turdetanian"] = "mis-tdt", ["Turdulian"] = "mis-tdl", ["Turi"] = "trd", ["Turiwára"] = "twt", ["Turka"] = "tuz", ["Turkana"] = "tuv", ["Turkish"] = "tr", ["Turkish Sign Language"] = "tsm", ["Turkmen"] = "tk", ["Turks and Caicos Creole English"] = "tch", ["Turoyo"] = "tru", ["Turumsa"] = "tqm", ["Turung"] = "try", ["Tuscarora"] = "tus", ["Tutelo"] = "tta", ["Tutong"] = "ttg", ["Tutsa Naga"] = "tvt", ["Tutuba"] = "tmi", ["Tututepec Mixtec"] = "mtu", ["Tututni"] = "tuu", ["Tuvaluan"] = "tvl", ["Tuvan"] = "tyv", ["Tuwali Ifugao"] = "ifk", ["Tuwari"] = "tww", ["Tuwuli"] = "bov", ["Tuxináwa"] = "tux", ["Tuxá"] = "tud", ["Tuyuca"] = "tue", ["Tuyuhun"] = "mis-tuh", ["Twana"] = "twa", ["Twendi"] = "twn", ["Tyap"] = "kcg", ["Tyaraity"] = "woa", ["Tyerrernotepanner"] = "xph", ["Tz'utujil"] = "tzj", ["Tzeltal"] = "tzh", ["Tzotzil"] = "tzo", ["Tày"] = "tyz", ["Tày Tac"] = "tyt", ["Tây Bồi"] = "tas", ["Téén"] = "lor", ["Tübatulabal"] = "tub", ["U"] = "uuu", ["Uab Meto"] = "aoz", ["Uamué"] = "uam", ["Uare"] = "ksj", ["Ubaghara"] = "byc", ["Ubang"] = "uba", ["Ubi"] = "ubi", ["Ubir"] = "ubr", ["Ubykh"] = "uby", ["Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka"] = "cpb", ["Uda"] = "uda", ["Udi"] = "udi", ["Udihe"] = "ude", ["Udmurt"] = "udm", ["Uduk"] = "udu", ["Ufim"] = "ufi", ["Ugandan Sign Language"] = "ugn", ["Ugaritic"] = "uga", ["Ughele"] = "uge", ["Uhami"] = "uha", ["Uisai"] = "uis", ["Ujir"] = "udj", ["Ukaan"] = "kcf", ["Ukhwejo"] = "ukh", ["Ukit"] = "umi", ["Ukpe-Bayobiri"] = "ukp", ["Ukpet-Ehom"] = "akd", ["Ukrainian"] = "uk", ["Ukrainian Sign Language"] = "ukl", ["Ukue"] = "uku", ["Ukuriguma"] = "ukg", ["Ukwa"] = "ukq", ["Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni"] = "ukw", ["Ulau-Suain"] = "svb", ["Ulch"] = "ulc", ["Uldeme"] = "udl", ["Ulithian"] = "uli", ["Ullatan"] = "ull", ["Ulumanda'"] = "ulm", ["Ulwa (New Guinea)"] = "yla", ["Ulwa (Nicaragua)"] = "ulw", ["Uma"] = "ppk", ["Uma' Lasan"] = "xky", ["Uma' Lung"] = "ulu", ["Umanakaina"] = "gdn", ["Umatilla"] = "uma", ["Umbindhamu"] = "umd", ["Umbrian"] = "xum", ["Umbu-Ungu"] = "ubu", ["Umbugarla"] = "umr", ["Umbundu"] = "umb", ["Umbuygamu"] = "umg", ["Ume Sami"] = "sju", ["Umeda"] = "upi", ["Umiida"] = "xud", ["Umiray Dumaget Agta"] = "due", ["Umon"] = "umm", ["Umotína"] = "umo", ["Umpila"] = "ump", ["Una"] = "mtg", ["Unami"] = "unm", ["Unde Kaili"] = "unz", ["Undetermined"] = "und", ["Uneapa"] = "bbn", ["Uneme"] = "une", ["Unggaranggu"] = "xun", ["Unggumi"] = "xgu", ["Uni"] = "uni", ["Unserdeutsch"] = "uln", ["Unua"] = "onu", ["Unubahe"] = "unu", ["Uokha"] = "uok", ["Upper Chehalis"] = "cjh", ["Upper Grand Valley Dani"] = "dna", ["Upper Kinabatangan"] = "dmg", ["Upper Kuskokwim"] = "kuu", ["Upper Mandobo"] = "aax", ["Upper Necaxa Totonac"] = "tku", ["Upper Sorbian"] = "hsb", ["Upper Ta'oih"] = "tth", ["Upper Tanana"] = "tau", ["Upper Taromi"] = "tov", ["Upper Umpqua"] = "xup", ["Ura (New Guinea)"] = "uro", ["Ura (Vanuatu)"] = "uur", ["Uradhi"] = "urf", ["Urak Lawoi'"] = "urk", ["Urali"] = "url", ["Urapmin"] = "urm", ["Urarina"] = "ura", ["Urartian"] = "xur", ["Urat"] = "urt", ["Urdu"] = "ur", ["Urhobo"] = "urh", ["Uri"] = "uvh", ["Urigina"] = "urg", ["Urim"] = "uri", ["Urimo"] = "urx", ["Urningangg"] = "urc", ["Uru"] = "ure", ["Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau"] = "urz", ["Uru-Pa-In"] = "urp", ["Uruangnirin"] = "urn", ["Uruava"] = "urv", ["Urubú-Kaapor"] = "urb", ["Uruguayan Sign Language"] = "ugy", ["Urum"] = "uum", ["Urumi"] = "uru", ["Usaghade"] = "usk", ["Usan"] = "wnu", ["Usarufa"] = "usa", ["Ushojo"] = "ush", ["Usila Chinantec"] = "cuc", ["Uspanteco"] = "usp", ["Usui"] = "usi", ["Utarmbung"] = "omo", ["Ute"] = "ute", ["Utu"] = "utu", ["Uvbie"] = "evh", ["Uwinymil"] = "aus-uwi", ["Uya"] = "usu", ["Uyajitaya"] = "duk", ["Uyghur"] = "ug", ["Uzbek"] = "uz", ["Uzbeki Arabic"] = "auz", ["Uzekwe"] = "eze", ["Vaagri Booli"] = "vaa", ["Vaghri"] = "vgr", ["Vaghua"] = "tva", ["Vagla"] = "vag", ["Vai"] = "vai", ["Vaiphei"] = "vap", ["Vale"] = "vae", ["Valencian Sign Language"] = "vsv", ["Valle Nacional Chinantec"] = "cvn", ["Valley Maidu"] = "vmv", ["Valman"] = "van", ["Valpei"] = "vlp", ["Vamale"] = "mkt", ["Vame"] = "mlr", ["Vandalic"] = "xvn", ["Vangunu"] = "mpr", ["Vanimo"] = "vam", ["Vanji"] = "ira-wnj", ["Vanuma"] = "vau", ["Vao"] = "vao", ["Varhadi"] = "vah", ["Varisi"] = "vrs", ["Varli"] = "vav", ["Vasavi"] = "vas", ["Vayu"] = "vay", ["Veddah"] = "ved", ["Vehes"] = "val", ["Vemgo-Mabas"] = "vem", ["Venda"] = "ve", ["Venetan"] = "vec", ["Venetic"] = "xve", ["Venezuelan Sign Language"] = "vsl", ["Ventureño"] = "veo", ["Veps"] = "vep", ["Vera'a"] = "vra", ["Vestinian"] = "xvs", ["Vidunda"] = "vid", ["Viemo"] = "vig", ["Vietnamese"] = "vi", ["Vilamovian"] = "wym", ["Vilela"] = "vil", ["Vili"] = "vif", ["Vincentian Creole English"] = "svc", ["Vinitiri"] = "vmg", ["Virgin Islands Creole"] = "vic", ["Vishavan"] = "vis", ["Viti"] = "vit", ["Vitou"] = "vto", ["Viya"] = "gev", ["Vlax Romani"] = "rmy", ["Volapük"] = "vo", ["Volga German"] = "gmw-vog", ["Volscian"] = "xvo", ["Vono"] = "kch", ["Voro"] = "vor", ["Votic"] = "vot", ["Vumbu"] = "vum", ["Vunapu"] = "vnp", ["Vunjo"] = "vun", ["Vurës"] = "msn", ["Vute"] = "vut", ["Võro"] = "vro", ["Wa"] = "wbm", ["Wa'ema"] = "wag", ["Waama"] = "wwa", ["Waamwang"] = "wmn", ["Wab"] = "wab", ["Wabo"] = "wbb", ["Waboda"] = "kmx", ["Waci Gbe"] = "wci", ["Wadaginam"] = "wdg", ["Waddar"] = "wbq", ["Wadi Wadi"] = "xwd", ["Wadiyara Koli"] = "kxp", ["Wadjabangayi"] = "wdy", ["Wadjiginy"] = "wdj", ["Wadjigu"] = "wdu", ["Wae Rana"] = "wrx", ["Waffa"] = "waj", ["Wagawaga"] = "wgb", ["Wagaya"] = "wga", ["Wagdi"] = "wbr", ["Wageman"] = "waq", ["Wagi"] = "fad", ["Wahau Kayan"] = "whu", ["Wahau Kenyah"] = "whk", ["Wahgi"] = "wgi", ["Waigali"] = "wbk", ["Waigeo"] = "wgo", ["Waikuri"] = "nai-wai", ["Wailaki"] = "wlk", ["Wailapa"] = "wlr", ["Waima'a"] = "wmh", ["Waimaha"] = "bao", ["Waimiri-Atroari"] = "atr", ["Wainumá"] = "awd-wai", ["Waioli"] = "wli", ["Waitaká"] = "sai-wai", ["Waiwai"] = "waw", ["Waja"] = "wja", ["Wajarri"] = "wbv", ["Wajuk"] = "xwj", ["Waka"] = "wav", ["Wakawaka"] = "wkw", ["Wakhi"] = "wbl", ["Wakoná"] = "waf", ["Wala"] = "lgl", ["Walak"] = "wlw", ["Walangama"] = "nlw", ["Wali (Ghana)"] = "wlx", ["Wali (Sudan)"] = "wll", ["Waling"] = "wly", ["Walio"] = "wla", ["Walla Walla"] = "waa", ["Wallisian"] = "wls", ["Walloon"] = "wa", ["Walmajarri"] = "wmt", ["Wam"] = "wmo", ["Wamas"] = "wmc", ["Wambaya"] = "wmb", ["Wambon"] = "wms", ["Wambule"] = "wme", ["Wamey"] = "cou", ["Wamin"] = "wmi", ["Wampar"] = "lbq", ["Wampur"] = "waz", ["Wan"] = "wan", ["Wanap"] = "wnp", ["Wancho"] = "nnp", ["Wanda"] = "wbh", ["Wandala"] = "mfi", ["Wandamen"] = "wad", ["Wandarang"] = "wnd", ["Wandji"] = "wdd", ["Waneci"] = "wne", ["Wanga"] = "lwg", ["Wanggamala"] = "wnm", ["Wangganguru"] = "wgg", ["Wanggom"] = "wng", ["Wangkayutyuru"] = "wky", ["Wangkumara"] = "xwk", ["Wanham"] = "sai-wnm", ["Wanji"] = "wbi", ["Wanman"] = "wbt", ["Wannu"] = "jub", ["Wano"] = "wno", ["Wantoat"] = "wnc", ["Wanukaka"] = "wnk", ["Wanyi"] = "wny", ["Wané"] = "hwa", ["Wapan"] = "juk", ["Wapishana"] = "wap", ["Wappo"] = "wao", ["War-Jaintia"] = "aml", ["Wara"] = "wbf", ["Warao"] = "wba", ["Warapu"] = "wra", ["Waray Sorsogon"] = "srv", ["Waray-Waray"] = "war", ["Wardaman"] = "wrr", ["Wardandi"] = "wxw", ["Warekena"] = "gae", ["Warembori"] = "wsa", ["Wari'"] = "pav", ["Waris"] = "wrs", ["Waritai"] = "wbe", ["Wariyangga"] = "wri", ["Warji"] = "wji", ["Warkay-Bipim"] = "bgv", ["Warlmanpa"] = "wrl", ["Warlpiri"] = "wbp", ["Warluwara"] = "wrb", ["Warnang"] = "wrn", ["Waropen"] = "wrp", ["Warray"] = "wrz", ["Warrgamay"] = "wgy", ["Warrwa"] = "wwr", ["Waru"] = "wru", ["Warumungu"] = "wrm", ["Waruna"] = "wrv", ["Warungu"] = "wrg", ["Warwar Feni"] = "hrw", ["Wasco-Wishram"] = "wac", ["Wasembo"] = "gsp", ["Washo"] = "was", ["Waskia"] = "wsk", ["Wastek"] = "hus", ["Wasu"] = "wsu", ["Watakataui"] = "wtk", ["Watam"] = "wax", ["Wathaurong"] = "wth", ["Watiwa"] = "wtf", ["Watubela"] = "wah", ["Waube"] = "kop", ["Wauja"] = "wau", ["Wauyai"] = "wuy", ["Wawa"] = "www", ["Wawonii"] = "wow", ["Waxiang"] = "wxa", ["Wayampi"] = "oym", ["Wayana"] = "way", ["Wayanad Chetti"] = "ctt", ["Wayoró"] = "wyr", ["Wayumara"] = "sai-way", ["Wayuu"] = "guc", ["Wedau"] = "wed", ["Weh"] = "weh", ["Welaung"] = "weu", ["Weliki"] = "klh", ["Welsh"] = "cy", ["Welsh Romani"] = "rmw", ["Wemale"] = "weo", ["Wemba-Wemba"] = "xww", ["Weme Gbe"] = "wem", ["Wendat"] = "wdt", ["Weri"] = "wer", ["Wersing"] = "kvw", ["West Ambae"] = "nnd", ["West Central Banda"] = "bbp", ["West Circassian"] = "ady", ["West Coast Bajau"] = "bdr", ["West Damar"] = "drn", ["West Flemish"] = "vls", ["West Frisian"] = "fy", ["West Greenlandic Pidgin"] = "crp-gep", ["West Lembata"] = "lmj", ["West Makian"] = "mqs", ["West Masela"] = "mss", ["West Miraya Bikol"] = "fbl", ["West Tarangan"] = "txn", ["West Uvean"] = "uve", ["West-Central Limba"] = "lia", ["Western Apache"] = "apw", ["Western Arrernte"] = "are", ["Western Bolivian Guarani"] = "gnw", ["Western Bru"] = "brv", ["Western Bukidnon Manobo"] = "mbb", ["Western Cham"] = "cja", ["Western Dani"] = "dnw", ["Western Durango Nahuatl"] = "azn", ["Western Fijian"] = "wyy", ["Western Highland Chatino"] = "ctp", ["Western Huasteca Nahuatl"] = "nhw", ["Western Jicaque"] = "nai-wji", ["Western Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"] = "jmx", ["Western Karaboro"] = "kza", ["Western Katu"] = "kuf", ["Western Kayah"] = "kyu", ["Western Keres"] = "kjq", ["Western Krahn"] = "krw", ["Western Lalu"] = "ywl", ["Western Lawa"] = "lcp", ["Western Magar"] = "mrd", ["Western Maninkakan"] = "mlq", ["Western Mari"] = "mrj", ["Western Mashan Hmong"] = "hmw", ["Western Meohang"] = "raf", ["Western Muria"] = "mut", ["Western Neo-Aramaic"] = "amw", ["Western Ojibwa"] = "ojw", ["Western Parbate Kham"] = "kjl", ["Western Penan"] = "pne", ["Western Pwo"] = "pwo", ["Western Sisaala"] = "ssl", ["Western Subanon"] = "suc", ["Western Tamang"] = "tdg", ["Western Tawbuid"] = "twb", ["Western Totonac"] = "tqt", ["Western Tunebo"] = "tnb", ["Western Xiangxi Miao"] = "mmr", ["Western Xwla Gbe"] = "xwl", ["Western Yugur"] = "ybe", ["Wewaw"] = "wea", ["Weyewa"] = "wew", ["Weyto"] = "woy", ["White Gelao"] = "giw", ["White Hmong"] = "mww", ["White Lachi"] = "lwh", ["Whitesands"] = "tnp", ["Wiarumus"] = "tua", ["Wichita"] = "wic", ["Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay"] = "mzh", ["Wichí Lhamtés Nocten"] = "mtp", ["Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz"] = "wlv", ["Wik-Epa"] = "wie", ["Wik-Iiyanh"] = "wij", ["Wik-Keyangan"] = "wif", ["Wik-Me'anha"] = "wih", ["Wik-Mungkan"] = "wim", ["Wik-Ngathana"] = "wig", ["Wikalkan"] = "wik", ["Wikngenchera"] = "wua", ["Wilawila"] = "wil", ["Winnebago"] = "win", ["Wintu"] = "wnw", ["Winyé"] = "kst", ["Wipi"] = "gdr", ["Wiradjuri"] = "wrh", ["Wiraféd"] = "wir", ["Wirangu"] = "wgu", ["Wiru"] = "wiu", ["Wirö"] = "wpc", ["Wiwa"] = "mbp", ["Wiyot"] = "wiy", ["Wobé"] = "wob", ["Woccon"] = "xwc", ["Wogamusin"] = "wog", ["Wogeo"] = "woc", ["Woi"] = "wbw", ["Woiwurrung"] = "wyi", ["Wojenaka"] = "jod", ["Wolane"] = "wle", ["Wolani"] = "wod", ["Wolaytta"] = "wal", ["Woleaian"] = "woe", ["Wolio"] = "wlo", ["Wolof"] = "wo", ["Womo"] = "wmx", ["Wong-gie"] = "aus-won", ["Wongo"] = "won", ["Woods Cree"] = "cwd", ["Woria"] = "wor", ["Worimi"] = "kda", ["Worodougou"] = "jud", ["Worora"] = "wro", ["Wotapuri-Katarqalai"] = "wsv", ["Wotu"] = "wtw", ["Woun Meu"] = "noa", ["Written Oirat"] = "xwo", ["Wu"] = "wuu", ["Wudu"] = "wud", ["Wuhuan"] = "mis-wuh", ["Wulguru"] = "aus-wul", ["Wuliwuli"] = "wlu", ["Wulna"] = "wux", ["Wumboko"] = "bqm", ["Wumbvu"] = "wum", ["Wumeng"] = "ywu", ["Wunai Bunu"] = "bwn", ["Wunambal"] = "wub", ["Wurrugu"] = "wur", ["Wusa"] = "yig", ["Wushi"] = "bse", ["Wusi"] = "wsi", ["Wutung"] = "wut", ["Wutunhua"] = "wuh", ["Wuvulu-Aua"] = "wuv", ["Wyandot"] = "wya", ["Wára"] = "tci", ["Wãpha"] = "juw", ["Wè Southern"] = "gxx", ["Wè Western"] = "wec", ["Xadani Zapotec"] = "zax", ["Xakriabá"] = "xkr", ["Xamtanga"] = "xan", ["Xanaguía Zapotec"] = "ztg", ["Xavante"] = "xav", ["Xerénte"] = "xer", ["Xetá"] = "xet", ["Xhosa"] = "xh", ["Xianbei"] = "mis-xbi", ["Xiang"] = "hsn", ["Xibe"] = "sjo", ["Xicotepec de Juárez Totonac"] = "too", ["Xinca"] = "xin", ["Xingú Asuriní"] = "asn", ["Xiongnu"] = "mis-xnu", ["Xipaya"] = "xiy", ["Xiri"] = "xii", ["Xiriâna"] = "xir", ["Xishanba Lalo"] = "ywt", ["Xocó"] = "sai-xoc", ["Xokleng"] = "xok", ["Xukurú"] = "xoo", ["Xwela Gbe"] = "xwe", ["Xârâcùù"] = "ane", ["Xârâgurè"] = "axx", ["Yaa"] = "iyx", ["Yaaku"] = "muu", ["Yabarana"] = "yar", ["Yabaâna"] = "ybn", ["Yaben"] = "ybm", ["Yabong"] = "ybo", ["Yabula Yabula"] = "yxy", ["Yace"] = "ekr", ["Yaeyama"] = "rys", ["Yafi"] = "wfg", ["Yagara"] = "yxg", ["Yagaria"] = "ygr", ["Yaghnobi"] = "yai", ["Yagomi"] = "ygm", ["Yagua"] = "yad", ["Yagwoia"] = "ygw", ["Yahadian"] = "ner", ["Yahang"] = "rhp", ["Yahuna"] = "ynu", ["Yaka"] = "yaf", ["Yakaikeke"] = "ykk", ["Yakan"] = "yka", ["Yakima"] = "yak", ["Yakkha"] = "ybh", ["Yakoma"] = "yky", ["Yakut"] = "sah", ["Yala"] = "yba", ["Yalahatan"] = "jal", ["Yalakalore"] = "xyl", ["Yalarnnga"] = "ylr", ["Yale"] = "nce", ["Yaleba"] = "ylb", ["Yalunka"] = "yal", ["Yalálag Zapotec"] = "zpu", ["Yamap"] = "ymp", ["Yamba"] = "yam", ["Yamben"] = "ynb", ["Yambes"] = "ymb", ["Yambeta"] = "yat", ["Yamdena"] = "jmd", ["Yameo"] = "yme", ["Yami"] = "tao", ["Yaminahua"] = "yaa", ["Yamongeri"] = "ymg", ["Yamphu"] = "ybi", ["Yan-nhangu"] = "jay", ["Yana"] = "ynn", ["Yanda"] = "yda", ["Yanda Dogon"] = "dym", ["Yandjibara"] = "xyb", ["Yandruwandha"] = "ynd", ["Yanesha'"] = "ame", ["Yangben"] = "yav", ["Yangkaal"] = "aus-ynk", ["Yangkam"] = "bsx", ["Yangman"] = "jng", ["Yango"] = "yng", ["Yangulam"] = "ynl", ["Yangum Dey"] = "yde", ["Yangum Gel"] = "ygl", ["Yangum Mon"] = "ymo", ["Yankunytjatjara"] = "kdd", ["Yanomam"] = "wca", ["Yanomamö"] = "guu", ["Yansi"] = "yns", ["Yanyuwa"] = "jao", ["Yao (Africa)"] = "yao", ["Yao (South America)"] = "sai-yao", ["Yaosakor Asmat"] = "asy", ["Yaouré"] = "yre", ["Yapese"] = "yap", ["Yaqay"] = "jaq", ["Yaqui"] = "yaq", ["Yarawata"] = "yrw", ["Yareba"] = "yrb", ["Yareni Zapotec"] = "zae", ["Yarli"] = "yxl", ["Yarluyandi"] = "yry", ["Yarumá"] = "sai-yar", ["Yarí"] = "yri", ["Yasa"] = "yko", ["Yatay"] = "yty", ["Yatee Zapotec"] = "zty", ["Yatzachi Zapotec"] = "zav", ["Yau (Finisterre)"] = "yuw", ["Yau (Torricelli)"] = "yyu", ["Yaur"] = "jau", ["Yautepec Zapotec"] = "zpb", ["Yavitero"] = "yvt", ["Yawa"] = "yva", ["Yawalapití"] = "yaw", ["Yawanawa"] = "ywn", ["Yawarawarga"] = "yww", ["Yaweyuha"] = "yby", ["Yawijibaya"] = "jbw", ["Yawiyo"] = "ybx", ["Yawuru"] = "ywr", ["Yaygir"] = "xya", ["Yazghulami"] = "yah", ["Ye'kwana"] = "mch", ["Yei"] = "jei", ["Yekhee"] = "ets", ["Yekora"] = "ykr", ["Yele"] = "yle", ["Yelmek"] = "jel", ["Yelogu"] = "ylg", ["Yemaek"] = "hmk", ["Yemba"] = "ybb", ["Yemeni Arabic"] = "ayn", ["Yemsa"] = "jnj", ["Yendang"] = "yen", ["Yeni"] = "yei", ["Yenish"] = "yec", ["Yerakai"] = "yra", ["Yeretuar"] = "gop", ["Yeri"] = "yev", ["Yerong"] = "yrn", ["Yerukula"] = "yeu", ["Yeskwa"] = "yes", ["Yessan-Mayo"] = "yss", ["Yetfa"] = "yet", ["Yevanic"] = "yej", ["Yeyi"] = "yey", ["Yiddish"] = "yi", ["Yidgha"] = "ydg", ["Yidiny"] = "yii", ["Yil"] = "yll", ["Yilan Creole"] = "ycr", ["Yimas"] = "yee", ["Yimchungru Naga"] = "yim", ["Yinbaw Karen"] = "kvu", ["Yinchia"] = "yin", ["Yindjibarndi"] = "yij", ["Yindjilandji"] = "yil", ["Yine"] = "pib", ["Yinggarda"] = "yia", ["Yinhawangka"] = "ywg", ["Yiningayi"] = "ygi", ["Yintale Karen"] = "kvy", ["Yinwum"] = "yxm", ["Yir-Yoront"] = "yiy", ["Yirandali"] = "ljw", ["Yis"] = "yis", ["Yitha Yitha"] = "xth", ["Yoba"] = "yob", ["Yocoboué Dida"] = "gud", ["Yogad"] = "yog", ["Yoidik"] = "ydk", ["Yoke"] = "yki", ["Yola"] = "yol", ["Yolmo"] = "scp", ["Yolngu Sign Language"] = "ygs", ["Yoloxochitl Mixtec"] = "xty", ["Yom"] = "pil", ["Yombe"] = "yom", ["Yonaguni"] = "yoi", ["Yong"] = "yno", ["Yongkom"] = "yon", ["Yopno"] = "yut", ["Yora"] = "mts", ["Yoron"] = "yox", ["Yorta Yorta"] = "xyy", ["Yoruba"] = "yo", ["Yosondúa Mixtec"] = "mpm", ["Youle Jino"] = "jiu", ["Younuo Bunu"] = "buh", ["Yout Wam"] = "ytw", ["Yoy"] = "yoy", ["Yuanga"] = "nua", ["Yucatec Maya"] = "yua", ["Yucatec Maya Sign Language"] = "msd", ["Yuchi"] = "yuc", ["Yucuañe Mixtec"] = "mvg", ["Yucuna"] = "ycn", ["Yug"] = "yug", ["Yugambal"] = "yub", ["Yugoslavian Sign Language"] = "ysl", ["Yugul"] = "ygu", ["Yuhup"] = "yab", ["Yuki"] = "yuk", ["Yukpa"] = "yup", ["Yukuben"] = "ybl", ["Yulu"] = "yul", ["Yuma"] = "yum", ["Yumana"] = "awd-yum", ["Yup'ik"] = "esu", ["Yupiltepeque"] = "nai-yup", ["Yupua"] = "sai-yup", ["Yuqui"] = "yuq", ["Yuracare"] = "yuz", ["Yuri"] = "sai-yri", ["Yurok"] = "yur", ["Yuru"] = "ljx", ["Yurumanguí"] = "sai-yur", ["Yurutí"] = "yui", ["Yutanduchi Mixtec"] = "mab", ["Yuwana"] = "yau", ["Yuyu"] = "yxu", ["Yámana"] = "yag", ["Zaachila Zapotec"] = "ztx", ["Zabana"] = "kji", ["Zacatepec Chatino"] = "ctz", ["Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl"] = "nhi", ["Zaghawa"] = "zag", ["Zaiwa"] = "atb", ["Zakhring"] = "zkr", ["Zambian Sign Language"] = "zsl", ["Zan Gula"] = "zna", ["Zanaki"] = "zak", ["Zande"] = "zne", ["Zangskari"] = "zau", ["Zangwal"] = "zah", ["Zaniza Zapotec"] = "zpw", ["Zapotec"] = "zap", ["Zaramo"] = "zaj", ["Zari"] = "zaz", ["Zarma"] = "dje", ["Zauzou"] = "zal", ["Zay"] = "zwa", ["Zayein Karen"] = "kxk", ["Zayse-Zergulla"] = "zay", ["Zazaki"] = "zza", ["Zazao"] = "jaj", ["Zbu"] = "sit-zbu", ["Zealandic"] = "zea", ["Zeem"] = "zua", ["Zemba"] = "dhm", ["Zeme Naga"] = "nzm", ["Zenag"] = "zeg", ["Zenaga"] = "zen", ["Zenzontepec Chatino"] = "czn", ["Zhaba"] = "zhb", ["Zhang-Zhung"] = "xzh", ["Zhenan Min"] = "nan-zhe", ["Zhire"] = "zhi", ["Zhoa"] = "zhw", ["Zhuang"] = "za", ["Zhár"] = "jjr", ["Zia"] = "zia", ["Zialo"] = "zil", ["Zigula"] = "ziw", ["Zimakani"] = "zik", ["Zimba"] = "zmb", ["Zimbabwe Sign Language"] = "zib", ["Zinza"] = "zin", ["Zipser German"] = "gmw-zps", ["Zirenkel"] = "zrn", ["Ziriya"] = "zir", ["Zizilivakan"] = "ziz", ["Zo'é"] = "pto", ["Zokhuo"] = "yzk", ["Zoogocho Zapotec"] = "zpq", ["Zotung Chin"] = "czt", ["Zou"] = "zom", ["Zulgo-Gemzek"] = "gnd", ["Zulu"] = "zu", ["Zumaya"] = "zuy", ["Zumbun"] = "jmb", ["Zuni"] = "zun", ["Zuojiang Zhuang"] = "zzj", ["Zuwara"] = "ber-zuw", ["Zyphe"] = "zyp", ["Záparo"] = "zro", ["Àhàn"] = "ahn", ["Áncá"] = "acb", ["Äiwoo"] = "nfl", ["Äynu"] = "aib", ["Ömie"] = "aom", ["Önge"] = "oon", ["ǀXam"] = "xam", ["ǁAni"] = "hnh", ["ǁGana"] = "gnk", ["ǁXegwi"] = "xeg", ["ǂHoan"] = "huc", ["ǃKung"] = "khi-kun", ["ǃXóõ"] = "nmn", ["Ỹaroamë"] = "yro", } 0qknd7e2019sqh76vi8ctj5b2dznpqb 828 3786178 7240448 2026-07-05T20:42:52Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local string_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities" local table_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/table" -- In a locally installed Docker container containing Wiktionary, Wikibase is typically not installed because it's -- a real pain to get working properly. In such a case, `mw.wikibase` returns nil. We now have checks in the code -- below so it does reasonable things in the absence of Wikibase. local wikibase = mw.wikibase local category_name_ha..." 7240448 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local string_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities" local table_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/table" -- In a locally installed Docker container containing Wiktionary, Wikibase is typically not installed because it's -- a real pain to get working properly. In such a case, `mw.wikibase` returns nil. We now have checks in the code -- below so it does reasonable things in the absence of Wikibase. local wikibase = mw.wikibase local category_name_has_suffix -- defined as export.categoryNameHasSuffix below local get_entity = wikibase and wikibase.getEntity or nil local get_entity_id_for_title = wikibase and wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle or nil local gsub = string.gsub local ipairs = ipairs local match = string.match local select = select local sitelink = wikibase and wikibase.sitelink or nil local type = type local umatch = mw.ustring.match --[==[ Loaders for functions in other modules, which overwrite themselves with the target function when called. This ensures modules are only loaded when needed, retains the speed/convenience of locally-declared pre-loaded functions, and has no overhead after the first call, since the target functions are called directly in any subsequent calls.]==] local function case_insensitive_pattern(...) case_insensitive_pattern = require(string_utilities_module).case_insensitive_pattern return case_insensitive_pattern(...) end local function table_flatten(...) table_flatten = require(table_module).flatten return table_flatten(...) end --[==[ Loaders for objects, which load data (or some other object) into some variable, which can then be accessed as "foo or get_foo()", where the function get_foo sets the object to "foo" and then returns it. This ensures they are only loaded when needed, and avoids the need to check for the existence of the object each time, since once "foo" has been set, "get_foo" will not be called again.]==] local content_lang local function get_content_lang() content_lang, get_content_lang = mw.getContentLanguage(), nil return content_lang end -- Implementation of getAliases() for languages, etymology languages, -- families, scripts and writing systems. function export.getAliases(self) local aliases = self._aliases if aliases == nil then aliases = (self._data or self).aliases or {} self._aliases = aliases end return aliases end -- Implementation of getVarieties() for languages, etymology languages, -- families, scripts and writing systems. If `flatten` is passed in, -- flatten down to a list of strings; otherwise, keep the structure. function export.getVarieties(self, flatten) local varieties = self._varieties if varieties == nil then varieties = (self._data or self).varieties or {} self._varieties = varieties end if not flatten then return varieties end local flattened_varieties = self._flattened_varieties if flattened_varieties == nil then flattened_varieties = table_flatten(varieties) self._flattened_varieties = flattened_varieties end return flattened_varieties end -- Implementation of getOtherNames() for languages, etymology languages, -- families, scripts and writing systems. function export.getOtherNames(self) local other_names = self._other_names if other_names == nil then other_names = (self._data or self).other_names or {} self._other_names = other_names end return other_names end -- Implementation of getAllNames() for languages, etymology languages, -- families, scripts and writing systems. If `notCanonical` is set, -- the canonical name will be excluded. function export.getAllNames(self) local all_names = self._allNames if all_names == nil then all_names = table_flatten{ self:getCanonicalName(), self:getAliases(), self:getVarieties(), self:getOtherNames(), } self._allNames = all_names end return all_names end function export.hasType(self, ...) local n = select("#", ...) if n == 0 then error("Must specify at least one type.") end local types = self:getTypes() if not types[...] then return false elseif n == 1 then return true end local args = {...} for i = 2, n do if not types[args[i]] then return false end end return true end -- Implementation of template-callable getByCode() function for languages, -- etymology languages, families and scripts. `item` is the language, -- family or script in question; `args` is the arguments passed in by the -- module invocation; `extra_processing`, if specified, is a function of -- one argument (the requested property) and should return the value to -- be returned to the caller, or nil if the property isn't recognized. -- `extra_processing` is called after special-cased properties are handled -- and before general-purpose processing code that works for all string -- properties. function export.templateGetByCode(args, extra_processing) -- The item that the caller wanted to look up. local item, itemname, list = args[1], args[2] if itemname == "getAllNames" then list = item:getAllNames() elseif itemname == "getOtherNames" then list = item:getOtherNames() elseif itemname == "getAliases" then list = item:getAliases() elseif itemname == "getVarieties" then list = item:getVarieties(true) end if list then local index = args[3]; if index == "" then index = nil end index = tonumber(index or error("Numeric index of the desired item in the list (parameter 3) has not been specified.")) return list[index] or "" end if itemname == "getFamily" and item.getFamily then return item:getFamily():getCode() end if extra_processing then local retval = extra_processing(itemname) if retval then return retval end end if item[itemname] then local ret = item[itemname](item) if type(ret) == "string" then return ret end error("The function \"" .. itemname .. "\" did not return a string value.") end error("Requested invalid item name \"" .. itemname .. "\".") end -- Implementation of getCommonsCategory() for languages, etymology languages, -- families, scripts and writing systems. function export.getWikidataItem(self) local item = self._WikidataItem if item == nil then item = (self._data or self)[2] -- If the value is nil, it's cached as false. item = item ~= nil and (type(item) == "number" and "Q" .. item or item) or false self._WikidataItem = item end return item or nil end do local function get_wiki_article(self, project) local article -- If the project is enwiki, check the language data. if project == "enwiki" then article = (self._data or self).wikipedia_article if article then return article end end -- Otherwise, check the Wikidata item for a sitelink. local item = self:getWikidataItem() article = item and sitelink and sitelink(item, project) or false if article then return article end -- If there's still no article, try the parent (if any). local get_parent = self.getParent if get_parent then local parent = get_parent(self) if parent then return get_wiki_article(parent, project) end end return false end -- Implementation of getWikipediaArticle() for languages, etymology languages, -- families, scripts and writing systems. function export.getWikipediaArticle(self, noCategoryFallback, project) if project == nil then project = "enwiki" end local article if project == "enwiki" then article = self._wikipedia_article if article == nil then article = get_wiki_article(self, project) self._wikipedia_article = article end else -- If the project isn't enwiki, default to no category fallback, but -- this can be overridden by specifying the value `false`. if noCategoryFallback == nil then noCategoryFallback = true end local non_en_wikipedia_articles = self._non_en_wikipedia_articles if non_en_wikipedia_articles == nil then non_en_wikipedia_articles = {} self._non_en_wikipedia_articles = non_en_wikipedia_articles else article = non_en_wikipedia_articles[project] end if article == nil then article = get_wiki_article(self, project) non_en_wikipedia_articles[project] = article end end if article or noCategoryFallback then return article or nil end return (gsub(self:getCategoryName(), "Creole language", "Creole")) end end do local function get_commons_cat_claim(item) if item then local entity = get_entity and get_entity(item) or nil if entity then -- P373 is the "Commons category" property. local claim = entity:getBestStatements("P373")[1] return claim and ("Category:" .. claim.mainsnak.datavalue.value) or nil end end end local function get_commons_cat_sitelink(item) if item then local commons_sitelink = sitelink and sitelink(item, "commonswiki") or nil -- Reject any sitelinks that aren't categories. return commons_sitelink and match(commons_sitelink, "^Category:") and commons_sitelink or nil end end local function get_commons_cat(self) -- Checks are in decreasing order of likelihood for a useful match. -- Get the Commons Category claim from the object's item. local lang_item = self:getWikidataItem() local category = get_commons_cat_claim(lang_item) if category then return category end -- Otherwise, try the object's category's item. local langcat_item = get_entity_id_for_title and get_entity_id_for_title("Category:" .. self:getCategoryName()) or nil category = get_commons_cat_claim(langcat_item) if category then return category end -- If there's no P373 claim, there might be a sitelink on the -- object's category's item. category = get_commons_cat_sitelink(langcat_item) if category then return category end -- Otherwise, try for a sitelink on the object's own item. category = get_commons_cat_sitelink(lang_item) if category then return category end -- If there's still no category, try the parent (if any). local get_parent = self.getParent if get_parent then local parent = get_parent(self) if parent then return get_commons_cat(parent) end end return false end -- Implementation of getCommonsCategory() for languages, etymology -- languages, families, scripts and writing systems. function export.getCommonsCategory(self) local category category = self._commons_category -- Nil values cached as false. if category ~= nil then return category or nil end category = get_commons_cat(self) self._commons_category = category return category or nil end end function export.categoryNameHasSuffix(name, suffixes) for _, suffix in ipairs(suffixes) do if umatch(name, "%f[%w]" .. case_insensitive_pattern(suffix, "^.") .. "$") then return false end end return true end category_name_has_suffix = export.categoryNameHasSuffix function export.categoryNameToCode(name, suffix, data, suffixes) local truncated = match(name, "(.*)" .. suffix .. "$") if truncated and category_name_has_suffix(truncated, suffixes) then local code = data[truncated] or data[(content_lang or get_content_lang()):lcfirst(truncated)] if code ~= nil then return code end end if not category_name_has_suffix(name, suffixes) then return data[name] or data[(content_lang or get_content_lang()):lcfirst(name)] end return nil end return export shfcb39kbniotlb28cexamr4v0u4p57 828 3786179 7240449 2026-07-05T20:43:06Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "-- Capture patterns used by [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages]] to prevent formatting from being disrupted while text is being processed. -- Certain character sequences are substituted beforehand to make pattern matching more straightforward: -- "\1" = "[[" -- "\2" = "]]" return { "((</?link>))\0", -- Special link formatting added by [[Module:Wt/mnc/links]] "((<[^<>\1\2]+>))", -- HTML tag "((\1[Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee]:[^\1\2]+\2))\0", -- File "((\1[Ii][Mm][Aa][Gg][Ee]:[^\1\2]+\2))\0..." 7240449 Scribunto text/plain -- Capture patterns used by [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages]] to prevent formatting from being disrupted while text is being processed. -- Certain character sequences are substituted beforehand to make pattern matching more straightforward: -- "\1" = "[[" -- "\2" = "]]" return { "((</?link>))\0", -- Special link formatting added by [[Module:Wt/mnc/links]] "((<[^<>\1\2]+>))", -- HTML tag "((\1[Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee]:[^\1\2]+\2))\0", -- File "((\1[Ii][Mm][Aa][Gg][Ee]:[^\1\2]+\2))\0", -- Image "((\1[Cc][Aa][Tt][Ee][Gg][Oo][Rr][Yy]:[^\1\2]+\2))\0", -- Category "((\1[Cc][Aa][Tt]:[^\1\2]+\2))\0", -- Category "((\1)[^\1\2|]+(\2))\0", -- Bare internal link "((\1)[^\1\2|]-(|)[^\1\2]-(\2))\0", -- Piped internal link "((%[https?://[^[%] ]+)[^[%]]*(%]))\0", -- External link "((\127'\"`UNIQ%-%-%l+%-%x+%-+QINU`\"'\127))", -- Strip marker "('*(''').-'*('''))", -- Bold "('*('').-'*(''))" -- Italics } 7dnskxdcm7pspa2h9x4jrwkkpcnbuof 828 3786180 7240450 2026-07-05T20:45:06Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local next = next local pairs = pairs local type = type --[==[ Returns a clone of an object. If the object is a table, the value returned is a new table, but all subtables and functions are shared. Metamethods are respected unless the `raw` flag is set, but the returned table will have no metatable of its own.]==] return function(orig, raw) if type(orig) ~= "table" then return orig end local copy, iter, state, init = {} if raw then iter, state = next, orig else..." 7240450 Scribunto text/plain local next = next local pairs = pairs local type = type --[==[ Returns a clone of an object. If the object is a table, the value returned is a new table, but all subtables and functions are shared. Metamethods are respected unless the `raw` flag is set, but the returned table will have no metatable of its own.]==] return function(orig, raw) if type(orig) ~= "table" then return orig end local copy, iter, state, init = {} if raw then iter, state = next, orig else iter, state, init = pairs(orig) end for k, v in iter, state, init do copy[k] = v end return copy end t51fcj6fuqkknha7dzzm33l4y4ohb22 828 3786181 7240451 2026-07-05T20:45:23Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} --From CEDICT with significant adaptations, originally licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License. export.glosses = { ["一"] = "one; single; a; (before verbs) as soon as, once; (before a noun) entire (family, etc.)", ["丁"] = "4th [[heavenly stem]]; man; people; little cube; ''surname''", ["七"] = "seven", ["丈"] = "zhang (unit of measurement)", ["三"] = "three", ["上"] = "up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or..." 7240451 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --From CEDICT with significant adaptations, originally licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License. export.glosses = { ["一"] = "one; single; a; (before verbs) as soon as, once; (before a noun) entire (family, etc.)", ["丁"] = "4th [[heavenly stem]]; man; people; little cube; ''surname''", ["七"] = "seven", ["丈"] = "zhang (unit of measurement)", ["三"] = "three", ["上"] = "up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up", ["下"] = "under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter", ["丌"] = "''surname''", ["不"] = "not; no", ["丏"] = "hidden", ["丐"] = "beg for alms; beggar", ["丑"] = "2nd [[earthly branch]]; 1–3 a.m.; clown; ''surname''", ["且"] = "further; moreover", ["丕"] = "grand", ["世"] = "life; age; generation; era; world; lifetime", ["丘"] = "mound; hill; Confucius; given name", ["丙"] = "3rd [[heavenly stem]]", ["丞"] = "deputy", ["丟"] = "to lose; to put aside; to throw", ["並"] = "and; furthermore; (not) at all; simultaneously; also; together with; to combine; to join; to merge", ["丫"] = "fork; bifurcation", ["中"] = "middle; centre; within; among; in; while (doing something); during; China; Chinese; hit (the mark)", ["丮"] = "catch", ["丰"] = "buxom; good-looking; appearance and carriage of a person", ["丱"] = "tufts of hair", ["串"] = "to string together; to mix up; to conspire; to connect; (a measure word); string", ["丳"] = "skewer", ["丸"] = "pill", ["丹"] = "red; pellet; powder; cinnabar", ["主"] = "to own; to host; master; lord; primary", ["丼"] = "bowl of food; well", ["乂"] = "mow; to regulate", ["乃"] = "to be; thus; so; therefore; then; only; thereupon", ["久"] = "(long) time; (long) duration of time", ["乇"] = "to depend on, to entrust with", ["么"] = "small; one", ["之"] = "'s; him/her/it; this", ["乍"] = "for the first time; suddenly", ["乎"] = "(interrog. part.)", ["乏"] = "short of; tired", ["乒"] = "bing (onomat.)", ["乓"] = "bang (onomat.)", ["乖"] = "(of a child) obedient, well-behaved; clever", ["乘"] = "ride; mount; make use of; take advantage of; multiply; to avail of; to ride", ["乙"] = "2nd [[heavenly stem]]", ["乜"] = "squint; (dial.) what", ["九"] = "nine", ["乞"] = "beg", ["也"] = "also; too", ["乩"] = "to divine", ["乳"] = "breast; milk", ["乾"] = "dry; clean; male; strong; one of the Eight Trigrams; ''surname''", ["乿"] = "to cure, to heal", ["亂"] = "in confusion; disorderly", ["亃"] = "name of a kind of animal", ["亄"] = "covetous; greedy", ["了"] = "to know; to understand; (modal particle intensifying preceding clause); (completed action marker)", ["予"] = "to give; I", ["事"] = "matter; thing; item; work; affair", ["二"] = "two", ["亍"] = "step with right foot", ["于"] = "''surname''", ["云"] = "(classical) to say", ["互"] = "mutual", ["亓"] = "''surname''; his; her; its; their", ["五"] = "five", ["井"] = "warn; well", ["亙"] = "extend across; through", ["些"] = "some; few; several; (a measure word)", ["亞"] = "second; inferior; Asia", ["亟"] = "repeatedly; frequently; urgent", ["亡"] = "to die; to perish", ["亢"] = "overbearing", ["交"] = "to deliver; to turn over; to make friends; to intersect (lines); to pay (money)", ["亥"] = "12th [[earthly branch]]; 9–11 p.m.", ["亦"] = "also", ["亨"] = "prosperous", ["享"] = "enjoy", ["京"] = "capital; Beijing (abbrev.)", ["亭"] = "pavilion", ["亮"] = "light; bright", ["亳"] = "name of district in Anhui; capital of Yin", ["亶"] = "''surname''; sincere", ["亹"] = "resolute", ["人"] = "man; person; people", ["什"] = "tenth (used in fractions)", ["仁"] = "humane; kernel", ["仂"] = "surplus; tithe", ["仄"] = "oblique tone", ["仆"] = "fall prostrate", ["仇"] = "''surname''; match; mate; hatred; animosity; enmity; a rival; an enemy; feud", ["仈"] = "''surname''", ["今"] = "today; modern; present; current; this; now", ["介"] = "introduce; lie between; between", ["仍"] = "still; yet; to remain", ["仔"] = "minutely; young; duty; responsibility", ["仕"] = "an official", ["他"] = "he; him; other", ["仗"] = "battle", ["付"] = "pay", ["仙"] = "immortal", ["仚"] = "to fly", ["仝"] = "together; same", ["仞"] = "(measure)", ["仟"] = "thousand", ["仡"] = "strong; brave", ["代"] = "substitute; replace; generation; dynasty; geological era; era; age; period", ["令"] = "make or cause to be; order; command; decree; honourable", ["以"] = "to use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.)", ["仨"] = "three (of)", ["仰"] = "look up", ["仲"] = "2nd in seniority", ["仳"] = "to part", ["仵"] = "opponent", ["件"] = "a measure word for thing, clothes, item", ["任"] = "to assign; to appoint; office; responsibility", ["份"] = "share; portion; part", ["仿"] = "to imitate; to copy", ["伀"] = "restless; agitated", ["企"] = "plan a project; stand on tiptoe", ["伈"] = "nervous; fearful", ["伉"] = "husband; wife", ["伊"] = "he; she; ''surname''; Iraq (abbrev.); Iran (abbrev.)", ["伋"] = "unreal", ["伍"] = "associate with; five; company", ["伎"] = "craft", ["伏"] = "conceal (ambush); prostrate; submit", ["伐"] = "(v) cut down; fell; (v) dispatch an expedition against; descend upon", ["休"] = "to rest", ["伕"] = "porter", ["伙"] = "assistant; furniture; partner", ["伝"] = "summon; propagate, transmit", ["伢"] = "(''colloquial'') child", ["伯"] = "father's elder brother; senior; paternal elder uncle; eldest of brothers; respectful form of address", ["估"] = "estimate", ["伴"] = "partner; companion; associate; to accompany; comrade", ["伶"] = "solitary; lonely; actor; clever", ["伸"] = "to stretch; to extend", ["伺"] = "to watch; to wait; to examine; to spy; wait on", ["伻"] = "to cause", ["似"] = "to seem; to appear; similar; like; to resemble", ["伾"] = "multitudinous; powerful", ["佃"] = "farmer", ["但"] = "but; yet; however; only; merely; still", ["佇"] = "wait; look towards; turn one's back on", ["佈"] = "diffuse; extend; notify", ["佉"] = "''surname''", ["佌"] = "petty; wretched", ["位"] = "position; location; (measure word for persons); place; seat", ["低"] = "to lower (one's head); to let droop; to hang down; low; to incline; beneath", ["住"] = "to live; to dwell; to reside; to stop", ["佐"] = "assist", ["佑"] = "bless; protect", ["佔"] = "to occupy; to constitute; to make up; to account; to observe; to divine", ["何"] = "carry; what; how; why; which", ["佗"] = "carry on the back", ["佘"] = "''surname''", ["余"] = "extra; surplus; remaining; after; I; me", ["佚"] = "idle", ["佛"] = "Buddha; Buddhism", ["作"] = "to regard as; to take (someone) for; to do; to make", ["佝"] = "rickets", ["佞"] = "eloquent; talent", ["佟"] = "''surname''", ["你"] = "you", ["佡"] = "make effort, endeavour", ["佢"] = "(''Cantonese'') he", ["佣"] = "commission (for middleman)", ["佤"] = "[[w:Wa people|Wa people]]", ["佩"] = "to respect; wear (belt, etc.)", ["佪"] = "irresolute; move back and forth", ["佫"] = "''surname''", ["佬"] = "man; guy", ["佯"] = "pretend", ["佰"] = "(complicated form of) hundred (used to avoid fraud)", ["佳"] = "excellent", ["佴"] = "assistant", ["併"] = "amalgamate; combine", ["佶"] = "difficult to pronounce", ["佷"] = "to act contrary to", ["佸"] = "meet", ["佹"] = "almost succeed; crafty; suddenly", ["佺"] = "immortal", ["佻"] = "frivolous; unsteady; delay", ["佼"] = "handsome", ["佽"] = "''surname''; nimble; to help", ["佾"] = "row of dancers at sacrifices", ["使"] = "to make; to cause; to enable; to use; to employ; messenger", ["侀"] = "shape; statute", ["侁"] = "large crowd", ["侂"] = "to commission, to entrust to, to depute; to request, to ask", ["侃"] = "bold", ["侄"] = "nephew", ["侅"] = "to give; prepared for; included in; embraced in", ["來"] = "to come", ["侇"] = "a class, category; a corpse", ["侈"] = "extravagant; wasteful; exaggerating", ["例"] = "example; precedent; rule; case; instance", ["侍"] = "attend on", ["侐"] = "still; silent", ["侑"] = "urge to eat", ["侔"] = "similar; comparable; equal", ["侖"] = "arrange", ["侗"] = "ignorant; (ethnic group)", ["侘"] = "boast; despondent", ["侚"] = "buried with dead; die for a cause", ["供"] = "offer; sacrificial offering; trial statement; confession; offer (information, etc.); supply", ["侜"] = "conceal; to cover", ["依"] = "according to; depend on; near to; (''Eastern Min'') kinship prefix", ["侮"] = "insult", ["侯"] = "marquis", ["侵"] = "to invade; to infringe; to approach", ["侶"] = "companion", ["侷"] = "narrow", ["便"] = "advantageous; cheap; ordinary; plain; convenient; handy; easy; then; so; thus; to relieve oneself", ["俁"] = "big", ["係"] = "be; connection; relation; tie up; bind", ["促"] = "to hurry; to rush; to hasten; near; to promote", ["俄"] = "suddenly; very soon; Russian", ["俅"] = "ornamental cap", ["俊"] = "smart; eminent; handsome; talented", ["俎"] = "a stand for food at sacrifice", ["俏"] = "smart", ["俐"] = "clever", ["俑"] = "wooden figures buried with the dead", ["俓"] = "straight; pass", ["俔"] = "like", ["俗"] = "vulgar", ["俘"] = "prisoner of war", ["俚"] = "rustic", ["俛"] = "exhort", ["俜"] = "forlorn", ["保"] = "to defend; to protect; to insure or guarantee; to maintain; hold or keep; to guard", ["俞"] = "''surname''; accede", ["俟"] = "until; wait for", ["俠"] = "knight-errant; chivalrous; heroic", ["信"] = "letter; true; to believe; sign; evidence", ["修"] = "to decorate; to embellish; to repair; to build; to study; to write; to cultivate", ["俯"] = "look down; stoop", ["俱"] = "a social club; entirely; without exception", ["俳"] = "irresolute; not serious; variety show", ["俴"] = "short; shallow; thin plate", ["俵"] = "distribute", ["俶"] = "begin", ["俸"] = "salary", ["俺"] = "I (northern dialects)", ["俾"] = "to cause", ["倀"] = "groping; rash; reckless", ["倅"] = "deputy; second; sub-", ["倆"] = "(a numeral-measure word) two; both", ["倉"] = "barn; granary; storehouse; cabin; hold (in ship)", ["個"] = "(a measure word); individual", ["倌"] = "a groom", ["倍"] = "(two, three, etc.) -fold; times (multiplier); double; to increase or multiply", ["倏"] = "sudden; abrupt", ["們"] = "(plural marker for pronouns and a few animate nouns)", ["倒"] = "upset; turn over; to tip; to pour; to go home; to the contrary; inverted; to fall; to collapse; to topple; to change; to fail; bankrupt", ["倔"] = "crabby; tough", ["倖"] = "lucky", ["倘"] = "if", ["薇"] = "''[[Osmunda regalis]]''", ["候"] = "wait", ["倚"] = "to lean on; rely upon", ["倜"] = "energetic; exalted; magnanimous", ["借"] = "to lend; to borrow; excuse; pretext; by means of", ["倡"] = "initiate; instigate; introduce; lead", ["倢"] = "handsome", ["倣"] = "imitate", ["倦"] = "tired", ["倨"] = "haughty; arrogant", ["倩"] = "niece; plagiarize; winsome", ["倪"] = "''surname''", ["倫"] = "human relationship", ["倬"] = "noticeable, large; clear, distin", ["倭"] = "Japanese", ["值"] = "value; (to be) worth; to happen", ["偁"] = "to call", ["偃"] = "to lie supine; to stop; to fall down", ["假"] = "vacation; fake; false; artificial; to borrow; if; suppose", ["偈"] = "forceful; martial; Buddhist hymn; gatha; Buddhist verse", ["偉"] = "big; large; great", ["偌"] = "so; such; to such a degree", ["偎"] = "to cuddle", ["偏"] = "one-sided; to lean; to slant; prejudiced; inclined to one side", ["偓"] = "constrained", ["偕"] = "in company with", ["做"] = "to do; to make; to produce", ["停"] = "to stop; to halt; to park (a car)", ["偝"] = "disobey; stand back-to-back", ["偟"] = "agitated; alarmed", ["偢"] = "to stare at", ["健"] = "healthy", ["偨"] = "uneven", ["偩"] = "rely on; to resemble", ["偪"] = "close to; compel", ["偫"] = "wait for; lay in", ["偭"] = "transgress", ["偯"] = "to sob; wail", ["偲"] = "talented", ["側"] = "lean on one side; the side; to incline towards; to lean; inclined; lateral; side", ["偵"] = "to scout; to spy", ["偶"] = "accidental; image; pair; mate", ["偷"] = "to steal; to pilfer", ["偽"] = "false; fake; forged; bogus", ["傀"] = "grand; strange", ["傅"] = "instruct; tutor; instructor; adhere; apply", ["傌"] = "to curse, to revile, to abuse; to scold", ["傍"] = "near; nestle; near (approaching)", ["傎"] = "inversion; mistake", ["傑"] = "hero; heroic", ["傒"] = "of Jiangxi province; servant", ["傔"] = "servant", ["傖"] = "low fellow; rustic; rude; rough", ["傘"] = "umbrella; parasol", ["備"] = "to prepare; get ready; to provide or equip", ["傚"] = "imitate", ["傜"] = "Yao tribe", ["傞"] = "uneven; unsteady (in dancing)", ["傢"] = "furniture; tool", ["傣"] = "the Dai minority living in South China", ["催"] = "urge; press; expedite; prompt; hurry", ["傭"] = "hire; servant", ["傮"] = "finish, to go around", ["傯"] = "busy; hurried; despondent", ["傲"] = "proud; overbearing; insolent; arrogant", ["傳"] = "to pass on; to spread; to transmit; to infect; to transfer; to circulate; to conduct (electricity); biography", ["傴"] = "hunchbacked", ["債"] = "debt", ["傷"] = "injure; injury; wound", ["傺"] = "detain; hinder", ["傻"] = "foolish", ["傾"] = "to overturn; to collapse; to lean; to tend; to incline; to pour out", ["傿"] = "a fraudulent price; name of an immortal; an ancient place name", ["僂"] = "hunchback", ["僄"] = "light; airy", ["僅"] = "barely; only; merely", ["僇"] = "despise; insult", ["僉"] = "all", ["僊"] = "immortal", ["僎"] = "collect", ["像"] = "(look) like; similar (to); appearance; to appear; to seem; image; portrait; resemble; seem", ["僑"] = "emigrant; reside abroad", ["僕"] = "servant", ["僖"] = "cautious; merry; joyful", ["僚"] = "bureaucrat", ["僝"] = "to revile; to abuse", ["僣"] = "assume, usurp", ["僤"] = "great; severe", ["僥"] = "by mere luck", ["僦"] = "hire; to rent", ["僧"] = "monk", ["僨"] = "instigate; ruin; destroy", ["僩"] = "courageous; valiant", ["僬"] = "clever; pygmies", ["僭"] = "usurp", ["僮"] = "name of an ethnic group in Guangxi; boy", ["僯"] = "ashamed", ["僰"] = "name of an ethnic group", ["僱"] = "hire", ["僵"] = "rigid; deadlock; stiff (corpse)", ["價"] = "price; value; valence (on an atom); great; good; middleman; servant", ["僻"] = "low; rustic; secluded", ["僾"] = "indistinct; hazy", ["僿"] = "small, minute; lacking sincerity", ["儀"] = "apparatus; rites; appearance; present; ceremony", ["儂"] = "(Shanghai dial.) you", ["億"] = "a hundred million; calculate", ["儅"] = "stop", ["儆"] = "warn; admonish", ["儇"] = "ingenious; frivolous", ["儈"] = "broker", ["儉"] = "frugal; to be in need", ["儊"] = "rough and rugged", ["儋"] = "carry", ["儌"] = "by mere luck", ["儐"] = "best man; entertain", ["儒"] = "scholar; Confucian", ["儓"] = "servant", ["儔"] = "comrades; friends; companions", ["儕"] = "a class; a company; companion", ["儗"] = "doubtful; suspicious; emulate; imitate", ["儘"] = "to the utmost", ["儜"] = "weak; wearied; in distress", ["償"] = "to compensate; pay back; to recompense", ["儡"] = "to ruin", ["儤"] = "on night duty", ["儦"] = "walking to and fro", ["儩"] = "the end; to finish", ["優"] = "excellent; superior", ["儭"] = "to assist; to give alms", ["儱"] = "rude; barbarous", ["儲"] = "savings; to save; to deposit; to store; ''surname''", ["儳"] = "irregular; mixed", ["儵"] = "alternate form of 倏; sudden; abrupt", ["儷"] = "husband and wife", ["儸"] = "smart; clever", ["儹"] = "to accumulate, to hoard, to store up", ["儺"] = "exorcize demons", ["儻"] = "if; unexpectedly", ["儼"] = "majestic; dignified", ["儽"] = "lazy; tired out, worn fatigued", ["兀"] = "cut off the feet; rising to a height; towering; bald", ["允"] = "just; fair; to permit; to allow", ["元"] = "primary; first; fundamental; dollar; (dynasty)", ["兄"] = "elder brother", ["充"] = "fill; satisfy; fulfil; to act in place of; substitute; sufficient; full", ["兆"] = "omen; million; million million, trillion", ["兇"] = "fierce", ["先"] = "early; prior; former; in advance; first", ["光"] = "light; ray; bright", ["克"] = "gram; subdue; to restrain; to overcome", ["兌"] = "to cash", ["免"] = "to exempt; to remove; to avoid; to excuse", ["兒"] = "son; child; ''diminutive suffix''", ["兔"] = "rabbit", ["兕"] = "rhinoceros indicus", ["兗"] = "place name", ["党"] = "party", ["兜"] = "pocket", ["兝"] = "decigram, dg", ["兞"] = "milligram, mg", ["兟"] = "to advance", ["兢"] = "to be fearful; apprehensive", ["入"] = "to enter", ["內"] = "inside; inner; internal; within; interior", ["全"] = "all; whole; entire; every; complete", ["兩"] = "both; two; some; a few; tael", ["八"] = "eight", ["公"] = "just; honourable; public; common; fair; duke; mister", ["六"] = "six", ["兮"] = "(part.)", ["共"] = "all together; in while; to share; common; general; together; total", ["兵"] = "soldiers; a force; an army; weapons; arms; military; warlike", ["其"] = "his; her; its; theirs; that; such; it (refers to something preceding it)", ["具"] = "tool; device; utensil; equipment; instrument", ["典"] = "canon; dictionary", ["兼"] = "double; twice; simultaneous; holding two or more (official) posts at the same time", ["冀"] = "to hope; to look forward to; Hebei", ["冇"] = "not have (''dialectal'')", ["冉"] = "passing (of time)", ["冊"] = "book; a measure word for books; booklet", ["再"] = "again; once more; next in sequence; another", ["冑"] = "helmet", ["冒"] = "to cover; to emit; to manifest; to risk; bold; brave", ["冓"] = "inner rooms of palace; ten billions", ["冔"] = "cap of Yin dynasty", ["冕"] = "royal crown", ["冗"] = "extraneous", ["冘"] = "to move on; doubtful", ["冞"] = "deep", ["冠"] = "to head; hat; crown; crest; cap", ["冢"] = "great; mound", ["冤"] = "injustice; to wrong", ["冥"] = "dark; deep", ["冪"] = "power, exponent", ["冬"] = "winter", ["冰"] = "ice", ["冱"] = "congealed; frozen", ["冶"] = "smelt", ["冷"] = "cold", ["冼"] = "''surname''", ["冽"] = "cold and raw", ["凄"] = "intense cold; mournful", ["凅"] = "dried up; dry; exhausted, tired", ["准"] = "to allow; to grant; to permit; accurate; standard", ["凈"] = "clean", ["凊"] = "cool; fresh; to cool", ["凋"] = "withered", ["凌"] = "encroach; soar; thick ice", ["凍"] = "to freeze", ["凔"] = "cold", ["凜"] = "shiver with cold or fear", ["凝"] = "congeal; concentrate attention", ["凞"] = "bright, splendid, glorious", ["几"] = "a few; how many; small table", ["凡"] = "ordinary; every; all; whatever; worldly", ["凰"] = "female fenghuang", ["凱"] = "triumphant; victorious", ["凳"] = "bench; stool", ["凵"] = "receptacle", ["凶"] = "fierce; terrible; ominous", ["凸"] = "(adj.) convex; stick out", ["凹"] = "a depression; indentation; concave; hollow", ["出"] = "to go out; to come out; to occur; to produce; to go beyond; to rise; to put forth; to happen; (a measure word for dramas, plays, or operas)", ["函"] = "envelope; case; letter", ["刀"] = "knife", ["刁"] = "artful; wicked", ["刃"] = "edge of blade", ["分"] = "to divide; minute; (a measure word); (a unit of leng)", ["切"] = "close to; to cut; to slice", ["刈"] = "mow", ["刊"] = "to print; publish", ["刎"] = "cut across (throat)", ["刑"] = "punishment", ["划"] = "to row", ["刓"] = "trim", ["刖"] = "cut off the feet as punishment", ["列"] = "to arrange; to line up; row; file; series", ["刜"] = "to chop; strike", ["初"] = "initial; first; beginning; junior; basic", ["刡"] = "to scrape; to pare", ["判"] = "to judge; to sentence; to discriminate; to discern", ["別"] = "other; distinguish; contrary; difficult; awkward; leave; depart; separate; classify; another; do not; must not; to pin", ["刨"] = "eliminate; to dig; to question; a plane; to plane; level or make smooth", ["利"] = "advantage; benefit; profit; sharp", ["刪"] = "to delete", ["刮"] = "to scrape; to blow", ["到"] = "to (a place); until (a time); up to; to go; to arrive", ["刱"] = "establish, create; knife cut", ["刲"] = "cut open and clean", ["刳"] = "to cut open; rip up; scoop out", ["刵"] = "cut off the ears as punishment", ["制"] = "system; to make; to manufacture; to control; to regulate", ["刷"] = "brush; to swipe; to select", ["券"] = "deed; bond; contract; ticket", ["刺"] = "thorn; sting; prick; pierce; stab; thrust; assassinate; murder", ["刻"] = "quarter (hour); (a measure word); to carve; to engrave; to cut; oppressive", ["剁"] = "chop (meat)", ["剃"] = "shave", ["剄"] = "cut the throat", ["則"] = "(expresses contrast with a previous sentence or clause); standard; norm; rule; to imitate; to follow; then; principle", ["剉"] = "to break; deaden; to file; to chop", ["削"] = "to reduce; to pare (away); to cut (down); to scrape", ["剋"] = "to overcome; subdue; to overthrow; restrain; cut down; to be able to", ["剌"] = " to contradict; to slash, cut in two; cruel; obstinate", ["前"] = "front, forepart; in front; past; former; previous; last; before; preceding; earlier; ago; future; time ahead; first; top; battlefront; to move forward", ["剎"] = "to brake (car); Buddhist monastery or temple; a brief moment", ["剔"] = "pick (as teeth)", ["剖"] = "to cut", ["剚"] = "erect; stab", ["剛"] = "hard; firm; strong; just; barely; exactly", ["剜"] = "scoop out", ["剝"] = "peel; to skin", ["剟"] = "to prick; to cut blocks, to engrave", ["剡"] = "sharp; river in Zhejiang", ["剩"] = "have as remainder", ["剪"] = "cut with scissors; scissors", ["剮"] = "to cut flesh off from bone; lingchi", ["副"] = "secondary; auxiliary; deputy; assistant; vice-; (measure word for a pair)", ["割"] = "cut off", ["剴"] = "carefully; moderately", ["創"] = "begin; initiate; inaugurate; start; create; a wound; cut; injury; trauma", ["剷"] = "level off; root up", ["剸"] = "slash", ["剺"] = "mark", ["剽"] = "to rob; swift; nimble", ["剿"] = "destroy (bandits)", ["劁"] = "neuter", ["劃"] = "to delimit; to transfer; to assign; to differentiate; to mark off; to draw (a line); to delete; stroke of a Chinese character", ["劄"] = "write down", ["劇"] = "drama; play; show; severe", ["劈"] = "split in two; divide; hack; chop; split open", ["劉"] = "Liu (Chinese surname)", ["劊"] = "amputate, cut off", ["劌"] = "cut; injure", ["劍"] = "(double-edged) sword", ["劑"] = "dose; agent", ["劓"] = "cut off the nose", ["劖"] = "bore; cut; polish", ["劘"] = "whittle", ["劙"] = "a divide, to partition", ["力"] = "power; force; strength", ["功"] = "merit; achievement; result; service; accomplishment", ["加"] = "to add; plus", ["劣"] = "inferior", ["助"] = "to help; to assist", ["努"] = "to exert; to strive", ["劫"] = "plunder", ["劬"] = "labour", ["劭"] = "''surname''; stimulate to effort", ["劻"] = "zealous", ["劼"] = "careful; diligent; firm", ["劾"] = "impeach", ["勁"] = "stalwart; sturdy; strength", ["勃"] = "flourishing; prosperous; suddenly; abruptly", ["勇"] = "brave", ["勉"] = "exhort", ["勍"] = "violent; strong", ["勒"] = "strangle; rein in", ["動"] = "to move; to change; to use; to act", ["勖"] = "exhort; stimulate", ["勗"] = "exhort; stimulate", ["勘"] = "to investigate; to survey; to collate", ["務"] = "affair; business; matter", ["勛"] = "medal; merit", ["勝"] = "victorious; able to do; competent enough to", ["勞"] = "toil", ["募"] = "canvass for contributions; to recruit; to collect; to raise", ["勢"] = "power; force; tendency; conditions; influence", ["勣"] = "merit; accomplishment", ["勤"] = "diligent; frequent", ["勦"] = "destroy (bandits)", ["勩"] = "toil", ["勯"] = "exhausted", ["勰"] = "harmonious", ["勱"] = "put forth effort", ["勳"] = "medal; merit", ["勵"] = "exhort", ["勷"] = "haste", ["勸"] = "to advise; to urge; to try to persuade; exhort", ["勺"] = "ladle; spoon", ["勻"] = "even; evenly (divided); uniform", ["勾"] = "affair; to reach for (with hand); to cancel; to delineate; hook", ["勿"] = "do not", ["包"] = "to cover; to wrap; to hold; to include; to take charge of; package; wrapper; container; bag; to hold or embrace; bundle; packet; to contract (to or for)", ["匆"] = "hurried; hasty", ["匈"] = "Hungary; thorax; chest", ["匉"] = "noise of waters", ["匊"] = "receive with both hands", ["匋"] = "pottery", ["匏"] = "bottle gourd; ''Lagenaria vulgaris''", ["匕"] = "dagger; ladle; an ancient type of spoon", ["化"] = "to make into; to change into; -ization; to ... -ize; to transform", ["北"] = "north", ["匙"] = "spoon; key", ["匚"] = "box; basket", ["匜"] = "washbasin with a tubular handle", ["匝"] = "go round", ["匟"] = "couch for two", ["匠"] = "craftsman", ["匡"] = "correct", ["匣"] = "box", ["匪"] = "bandit; not", ["匭"] = "small box", ["匯"] = "remit; to converge (of rivers); to exchange", ["匱"] = "lacking; empty; exhausted", ["匹"] = "(measure word for horses, mules, a bolt of cloth); ordinary person; mate; one of a pair", ["匽"] = "to hide, to secrete, to repress; to bend", ["匾"] = "a tablet; a board with an inscription; a sign hung above a door", ["匿"] = "to hide", ["區"] = "area; region; district; small; distinguish; ''surname''", ["十"] = "ten", ["千"] = "thousand", ["卄"] = "twenty, twentieth", ["卅"] = "thirty", ["升"] = "to raise; to hoist; to promote; pint", ["午"] = "7th [[earthly branch]]; 11 a.m.–1 p.m., noon", ["卉"] = "plants", ["半"] = "half; semi-; incomplete; (after a number) and a half", ["卌"] = "40", ["卍"] = "swastika", ["卑"] = "low; base; vulgar; inferior; humble", ["卒"] = "die; soldier; abruptly; hurriedly", ["卓"] = "outstanding", ["協"] = "cooperate; harmonize; to help; to assist; to join", ["南"] = "south", ["博"] = "extensive; ample; rich; obtain; aim; to win; to get; plentiful; to gamble", ["卜"] = "to divine; foretell; turnip", ["卞"] = "hurried", ["占"] = "to divine", ["卡"] = "customs station; to be choked; to fasten; to clip; to wedge; checkpost; to check; to stop; to block; card", ["卣"] = "wine container", ["卦"] = "divinatory trigram", ["卬"] = "high; raise (head)", ["卮"] = "goblet", ["卯"] = "4th [[earthly branch]]; 5–7 a.m.", ["印"] = "stamp; seal; mark; print; India (abbrev.)", ["危"] = "danger; to endanger", ["卲"] = "''surname''", ["即"] = "namely; right away; to approach; to draw near", ["卵"] = "ovum", ["卷"] = "chapter; examination paper; to roll (up); to sweep up; to carry on", ["卸"] = "unload; take off", ["卹"] = "give relief; sympathy", ["卻"] = "but; yet; however; while; to go back; to decline; to retreat; nevertheless", ["卼"] = "uncomfortable; unsteady", ["卿"] = "(old) minister; (old) term of endearment between spouses; thou (poet.)", ["厂"] = "cliff; slope", ["厄"] = "adversity", ["厎"] = "whetstone", ["厔"] = "river bent", ["厖"] = "huge", ["厘"] = "one thousandth", ["厙"] = "''surname''", ["厚"] = "generous; thick (for flat things)", ["厜"] = "a mountain peak", ["厝"] = "(''Min'') house; bury; to place; dispose", ["原"] = "former; original; primary; raw; level; cause; source", ["厤"] = "to calculate; the calendar", ["厥"] = "his; its", ["厭"] = "loathe", ["厲"] = "severe", ["厴"] = "operculum", ["厹"] = "to trample; spear", ["去"] = "to go; to leave; to remove", ["參"] = "ginseng; take part in; participate; join; attend; to join; unequal; varied; irregular; to counsel; uneven; not uniform", ["叄"] = "three (formal form used on checks, etc.)", ["又"] = "(once) again; also; both... and...; again", ["叉"] = "to cross; be stuck; to diverge; to open (as legs); fork; pitchfork; prong; pick; cross; intersect", ["及"] = "to reach; and", ["友"] = "friend", ["反"] = "wrong side out or up; anti-", ["叔"] = "uncle in direct address", ["取"] = "to take; to get; to choose; to fetch", ["受"] = "to bear; to stand; to endure; (passive marker); to receive", ["叛"] = "to betray; to rebel; to revolt", ["叟"] = "old gentleman", ["叡"] = "astute; perspicacious", ["叢"] = "cluster; collection; collection of books; thicket", ["口"] = "mouth; (a measure word, for people, livestock or utensils)", ["古"] = "ancient; old", ["句"] = "(a measure word, for sentences or lines of verse); sentence", ["另"] = "other; another; separate; separately", ["叨"] = "be in receipt of; grumble; garrulous", ["叩"] = "knock", ["只"] = "only; merely; just; but", ["叫"] = "to call; to yell; to be called; to order", ["召"] = "to call together; to summon; to convene; ''surname''; name of an ancient state", ["叭"] = "denote a sound or sharp noise (gunfire, etc.)", ["叮"] = "sting (of mosquito); to ask", ["可"] = "can; may; able to; certain(ly); to suit; (particle used for emphasis)", ["台"] = "''surname''; (classical) you (in letters); platform; Taiwan (abbrev.)", ["叱"] = "to scold; shout at; to hoot at", ["史"] = "history", ["右"] = "right (-hand)", ["叵"] = "cannot; thereupon", ["司"] = "company; control", ["叻"] = "place names", ["叼"] = "(v.) hold something in the mouth", ["吁"] = "implore; sh; hush", ["吃"] = "eat; eradicate; destroy; receive; stammer", ["各"] = "each; every", ["吆"] = "shout", ["合"] = "to close; to gather; to join; to fit; all; together", ["吉"] = "lucky; Jilin Province (abbrev.)", ["吊"] = "to hang; to suspend", ["吋"] = "inch (English)", ["同"] = "like; same; similar; together; alike; with", ["名"] = "name; fame; to describe; place", ["后"] = "empress; queen; ''surname''", ["吏"] = "minor official", ["吐"] = "vomit; to spit", ["向"] = "direction; part; side; towards; to; guide; opposite to", ["吒"] = "upbraid", ["君"] = "monarch; lord; gentleman; ruler", ["吝"] = "stingy", ["吞"] = "to swallow; to take", ["吟"] = "moan; to hum", ["吠"] = "to bark", ["否"] = "clogged; evil; to negate; to deny; not", ["吧"] = "(modal particle indicating polite suggestion); ...right?; ...OK?; (onomat.); dumb", ["吩"] = "leave instructions; to order", ["吪"] = "move", ["含"] = "to keep; to contain", ["吭"] = "throat", ["吮"] = "to suck", ["吰"] = "clang", ["吱"] = "''phonetic''", ["吳"] = "''surname''; province of Jiangsu", ["吵"] = "to quarrel; to make a noise; noisy; to disturb by making a noise", ["吶"] = "(final part.); battle cry", ["吸"] = "to breathe; to suck in; to absorb; to inhale", ["吹"] = "to blow; blast; puff; boast; brag; end in failure", ["吻"] = "kiss; mouth", ["吼"] = "to roar; to shout", ["吾"] = "I; my", ["呀"] = "(final part.)", ["呂"] = "''surname''", ["呃"] = "hiccough", ["呆"] = "foolish; stupid; no expression; stay", ["呇"] = "star", ["呈"] = "to assume (a form); to submit; to petition; to show; to present; to offer", ["告"] = "to tell; to inform; to say", ["呎"] = "foot (English)", ["呏"] = "gallon; quart", ["呠"] = "to spurt; to blow out; to puff out; to snort", ["呡"] = "the corners of the mouth; the lips", ["呢"] = "woolen material; (question particle)", ["呤"] = "purine in chem. compound; whisper", ["呦"] = "bleating of the deer", ["呧"] = "vex", ["周"] = "encircle; circuit; complete; lap; week; cycle; all; every; attentive; thoughtful", ["呫"] = "whisper; lick, taste; petty", ["呬"] = "to rest", ["呱"] = "crying sound of child", ["味"] = "taste", ["呴"] = "breathe on; yawn; roar", ["呵"] = "expel breath; my goodness; (phonetic particle)", ["呶"] = "clamour", ["呷"] = "suck, swallow, drink", ["呸"] = "to spit (in contempt)", ["呺"] = "voice of anger vast, spacious", ["呻"] = "groan", ["呼"] = "to call; to cry; to shout; to breathe out; to exhale", ["命"] = "life; fate", ["呿"] = "to yawn", ["咀"] = "chew", ["咁"] = "(''Cantonese'') so", ["咂"] = "smack one's lips", ["咄"] = "noise of rage, cry out in anger", ["咆"] = "to roar", ["咇"] = "fragrant", ["咈"] = "oppose", ["咋"] = "loud noise; shout; suddenly; gnaw", ["和"] = "mix together; peace; harmony; and; with; union; cap (a poem); respond in singing; soft; warm", ["咍"] = "(interj.); happy; sound of laughter", ["咎"] = "blame", ["咐"] = "to order", ["咑"] = "da! (sound used to move animals along)", ["咒"] = "put a curse on", ["咕"] = "''an onomatopoeia''", ["咖"] = "coffee", ["咚"] = "boom (of a drum)", ["咠"] = "to whisper; to blame, to slander", ["咡"] = "space between mouth and ears", ["咢"] = "beat a drum; startle", ["咥"] = "loud laugh; gnaw; bite", ["咦"] = "expression of surprise", ["咧"] = "draw back corners of mouth; child's cry", ["咨"] = "consult", ["咩"] = "the bleating of sheep", ["咪"] = "sound to call cat", ["咫"] = "8 in. length unit of Zhou dynasty", ["咬"] = "bite; nip", ["咮"] = "beak of bird; peck at", ["咯"] = "part. indicating obviousness; cough (blood); to argue; debate; ''phonetic''", ["咱"] = "(inclusive) we", ["咳"] = "cough; sound of sighing", ["咷"] = "wail", ["咸"] = "all", ["咺"] = "glorious; sob; weep", ["咻"] = "call out; jeer", ["咼"] = "''surname''", ["咽"] = "to swallow; to choke (in crying); narrow pass; throat", ["咾"] = "a noise; a sound", ["咿"] = "(onomat.)", ["哀"] = "sorrow; grief; pity; to grieve for; to pity; to lament", ["品"] = "conduct; grade; thing; product; good", ["哂"] = "smile", ["哄"] = "deceive; coax; resound with laughter", ["哆"] = "quiver; woolen cloth", ["哇"] = "sound of child's crying", ["哈"] = "onomatopoeic representation of laughter", ["哉"] = "(exclamatory or interrog. part.)", ["哎"] = "an interjection; hey; lookout; why etc", ["哞"] = "moo (sound made by cow)", ["員"] = "person; employee; member", ["哢"] = "''phonetic''; -r + one (chem.)", ["哤"] = "jargon", ["哥"] = "elder brother", ["哦"] = "oh is that so; to chant", ["哨"] = "a whistle; sentry", ["哩"] = "mile; (part. for continued state); (onomat.)", ["哪"] = "which", ["哫"] = "to cajole", ["哭"] = "to cry; to weep", ["哮"] = "pant; roar; bark (of animals)", ["哲"] = "philosophy; wise", ["哺"] = "feed", ["哼"] = "(interj. of contempt); hum", ["哽"] = "choking", ["哿"] = "excellent; happy; well-being", ["唁"] = "condole with", ["唄"] = "to chant", ["唅"] = "a sound; to put in the mouth", ["唆"] = "incite; suck", ["唇"] = "lip", ["唈"] = "palpitation; short breathing", ["唉"] = "alas; oh dear; an interjection; to express realization or agreement (yes, oh, right, etc.)", ["唎"] = "(final part.); sound; noise", ["唏"] = "sound of sobbing", ["唐"] = "Tang dynasty (618–907)", ["唑"] = "azole", ["唔"] = "hold in mouth; bite; (''Cant.'') no/not", ["唚"] = "vomiting of animals; to use bad language", ["唧"] = "(onomat.); to pump (water)", ["唪"] = "recite; chant", ["唬"] = "intimidate; tiger's roar; to fool", ["售"] = "to sell", ["唯"] = "yes; only; alone", ["唱"] = "sing; to call loudly; to chant", ["唲"] = "forced laughter", ["唳"] = "cry of a crane or wild goose", ["唵"] = "syllable", ["唶"] = "sigh, groan; loud laughter", ["唷"] = "(exclamatory part.)", ["唸"] = "read aloud", ["唹"] = "to smile at", ["唾"] = "saliva; spit at", ["啀"] = "gnaw", ["啁"] = "twittering of birds", ["啃"] = "to gnaw; to nibble; to bite", ["啄"] = "to peck", ["商"] = "commerce; consult", ["啊"] = "an interjection; to express doubt or to question; to show realization; to stress; (interj. for surprise); (interj.) oh; (a modal particle showing affirmation, approval, or consent); (interj.); ah", ["啍"] = "move slowly", ["啎"] = "obstinate, disobedient, intractable", ["問"] = "to ask", ["啐"] = "sip; spit", ["啕"] = "wail", ["啖"] = "eat; taste; entice (with a bait)", ["啗"] = "eat; entice", ["啜"] = "drink; taste; sip; suck", ["啞"] = "dumb; mute; (onomat.)", ["啟"] = "to open; to start", ["啡"] = "coffee", ["啢"] = "ounce", ["啣"] = "hold in mouth", ["啤"] = "beer", ["啥"] = "(dialect) what", ["啦"] = "(an auxiliary word performing the grammatical functions of mood); fusion of le + a; (onomat.); ''phonetic''", ["啪"] = "An onomatopoeia of the sound of beating, clapping, etc.", ["啶"] = "-d + ine (chem.)", ["啻"] = "(not) just; (not) only", ["啼"] = "mourn; to cry; hoof", ["啽"] = "(''Cantonese'') to speak", ["啾"] = "wailing of child; chirp", ["喀"] = "(onomat.)", ["喁"] = "breathing (of fish)", ["喂"] = "(interjection) hello; to feed (someone or some animal); hey; telephone greeting", ["喃"] = "mumble in repetition", ["善"] = "good", ["喇"] = "''phonetic''; (onomat.)", ["喈"] = "harmonious (of music)", ["喉"] = "throat; larynx", ["喊"] = "call; cry; to shout", ["喋"] = "flowing flood; to chatter", ["喌"] = "syllable", ["喎"] = "a wry mouth", ["喏"] = "to salute; make one's curtsy", ["喑"] = "dumb", ["喒"] = "a dual pronoun, I, you and me, we two", ["喓"] = "grasshopper chirp; mosquito buzz", ["喔"] = "I see; oh", ["喘"] = "to gasp; to pant; asthma", ["喙"] = "beak; to pant", ["喚"] = "to call", ["喜"] = "to be fond of; to like; to enjoy; to be happy; to feel pleased; happiness; delight; glad", ["喝"] = "to drink; to shout; to shout applause", ["喟"] = "to sigh", ["喣"] = "to breathe upon", ["喤"] = "sobbing; sound of bell", ["喥"] = "(''Cantonese'') a place", ["喦"] = "talkative", ["喧"] = "clamour; noise", ["喨"] = "clear; resounding", ["喪"] = "lose (by death); mourning; funeral", ["喫"] = "eat", ["喬"] = "tall", ["喭"] = "condole with", ["單"] = "bill; list; form; single; only; sole; ''surname''; chieftain", ["喱"] = "grain weight", ["喲"] = "(interj.) Oh, sound made when expressing surprise; (idiom) used at end of sentence as an exclamation", ["喳"] = "twitter; chirp", ["喵"] = "meow (onomat. for cat's mewing)", ["喻"] = "allegory", ["喿"] = "chirping of birds", ["嗀"] = "to vomit", ["嗃"] = "scold with severity", ["嗄"] = "hoarse; ah (exclamatory part.)", ["嗅"] = "sense of smell", ["嗆"] = "choke; pungent; against wind", ["嗇"] = "stingy", ["嗈"] = "to choke", ["嗉"] = "crop (of bird)", ["嗊"] = "sing", ["嗎"] = "(question tag); morphine", ["嗐"] = "exclamation of regret", ["嗑"] = "to crack (seeds) with front teeth", ["嗒"] = "to despair", ["嗓"] = "throat; voice", ["嗔"] = "to be angry at", ["嗙"] = "boast", ["嗚"] = "(onomat. for humming)", ["嗛"] = "pouch; hold; content", ["嗜"] = "addicted to; fond of", ["嗝"] = "hiccup; belch", ["嗟"] = "sigh", ["嗡"] = "buzz; whirr", ["嗣"] = "to connect, inherit; descendants, heirs", ["嗤"] = "laugh at; jeer; scoff at; sneer at", ["嗥"] = "howl; bawl; to bark; roar", ["嗨"] = "oh alas", ["嗯"] = "(a groaning sound)", ["嗶"] = "beiges; serge", ["嗷"] = "loud clamour; the sound of wailing", ["嗹"] = "chattering", ["嗽"] = "cough", ["嗾"] = "to urge on; incite", ["嗿"] = "sound of many people eating", ["嘀"] = "''An onomatopoeia''", ["嘁"] = "whispering sound", ["嘂"] = "loud", ["嘆"] = "to sigh", ["嘈"] = "bustling; tumultuous; noisy", ["嘉"] = "excellent", ["嘍"] = "(part. expressing chagrin or resentment); subordinates in gang of bandits", ["嘎"] = "cackling sound", ["嘏"] = "far; grand; good fortune; longevity", ["嘐"] = "boastful; bombastic", ["嘒"] = "shrill sound; twinkling", ["嘓"] = "loud swallowing sound", ["嘔"] = "vomit", ["嘖"] = "(interj. of admiration or of disgust); to click one's tongue; to attempt to (find an opportunity to) speak", ["嘗"] = "to taste; flavour; indicator of past tense; already; ever; once; test; formerly", ["嘛"] = "(a modal particle)", ["嘜"] = "mark", ["嘟"] = "toot; honk", ["嘩"] = "cat-calling sound; clamour; noise; crashing sound", ["嘬"] = "suck; to gnaw; eat ravenously", ["嘮"] = "to chatter", ["嘯"] = "to hiss; to whistle", ["嘰"] = "grumble", ["嘲"] = "to ridicule; ridicule; mock", ["嘴"] = "mouth", ["嘵"] = "a cry of alarm; querulous", ["嘶"] = "hiss; neigh", ["嘸"] = "unclear; an expletive", ["嘹"] = "clear sound; cry (of cranes, etc.)", ["嘻"] = "laugh; giggle", ["嘿"] = "hey", ["噀"] = "spurt out of the mouth", ["噁"] = "", ["噂"] = "talk together", ["噅"] = "to speak falsely or wrongly; ugly", ["噉"] = "(''Cantonese'') this; in such way", ["噌"] = "sound of bells, etc; to scold; whoosh!", ["噎"] = "choke", ["噓"] = "exhale; hiss", ["噗"] = "sound of escaping laughter; water", ["噘"] = "to push (lips)", ["噙"] = "hold in the mouth", ["噚"] = "fathom", ["噞"] = "the movement of a fish's mouth at the surface of the water", ["噠"] = "''phonetic''; command to a horse; clatter (of horses' hooves)", ["噢"] = "oh!", ["噤"] = "unable to speak; silent", ["噥"] = "garrulous", ["器"] = "device; tool; utensil", ["噩"] = "startling", ["噪"] = "chirp; mixture of voices; noise; buzzing; clamour", ["噫"] = "(interj. of approval); belch", ["噬"] = "devour; to bite", ["噭"] = "shout", ["噯"] = "(interj. of regret); (interj. of disapproval)", ["噱"] = "loud laughter", ["噲"] = "''surname''; throat; to swallow", ["噳"] = "herd; stag; buck", ["噴"] = "fragrant; sneeze; to puff; to spout; to spray; to spurt", ["噸"] = "ton", ["噹"] = "dong (onomatopoeia for bell)", ["嚀"] = "enjoin", ["嚃"] = "to drink; to swallow", ["嚄"] = "(interj. of surprise); stunned and speechless", ["嚅"] = "chattering", ["嚆"] = "sound; noise", ["嚇"] = "to frighten; to scare; to intimidate; to threaten", ["嚌"] = "sip", ["嚎"] = "howl; bawl", ["嚏"] = "sneeze", ["嚐"] = "to taste", ["嚕"] = "grumble; chatter", ["嚙"] = "gnaw", ["嚚"] = "insincere; stupid", ["嚜"] = "be silent; final particle", ["嚥"] = "to swallow", ["嚦"] = "sound of splitting; cracking", ["嚨"] = "throat", ["嚬"] = "knit the brows", ["嚭"] = "great; great fortune", ["嚮"] = "guide; opposite to", ["嚲"] = "hang down", ["嚳"] = "name of an emperor", ["嚴"] = "(air or water) tight; stern; serious; strict; severe", ["嚵"] = "gluttonous; greedy", ["嚶"] = "calling of birds", ["嚷"] = "blurt out; to shout", ["嚼"] = "to chew", ["囀"] = "sing, chirp, warble, twitter", ["囁"] = "move the mouth as in speaking", ["囂"] = "clamour", ["囅"] = "smilingly", ["囈"] = "talk in sleep", ["囉"] = "subordinate in a gang of bandits; fussy; talkative", ["囊"] = "sack", ["囌"] = "loquacious; nag", ["囍"] = "double happiness", ["囑"] = "enjoin", ["囓"] = "gnaw", ["囔"] = "muttering, indistinct speech", ["囗"] = "enclosure", ["囚"] = "prisoner", ["四"] = "four", ["囝"] = "child", ["回"] = "to circle; to go back; to turn around; to answer; to return; to revolve; (a measure word for matters or actions) a time; Islam", ["囟"] = "skull; top of head", ["因"] = "cause; reason; because", ["囡"] = "one's daughter; to filch; to secrete", ["囤"] = "to store; hoard; bin for grain", ["囥"] = "to hide; store", ["囪"] = "window; chimney", ["囮"] = "decoy", ["困"] = "distress; sleepy; doze off", ["囷"] = "granary", ["囹"] = "prison", ["固"] = "hard; strong; solid; sure", ["囿"] = "park; to limit; be limited to", ["圂"] = "grain-fed animals; pigsty", ["圃"] = "garden; orchard", ["圄"] = "imprison", ["圈"] = "circle; ring; loop; to confine; enclose; pen (pig); a fold", ["圉"] = "prison; to keep the horse; one who keeps the horse; frontier", ["圊"] = "pigsty; rest-room", ["國"] = "country; state; nation", ["圌"] = "name of a mountain", ["圍"] = "to circle; to surround", ["園"] = "garden", ["圓"] = "circle; round; circular; spherical; (of the moon) full; unit of Chinese currency (Yuan); tactful; to justify", ["圖"] = "diagram; to plan; picture; drawing; chart", ["團"] = "regiment; round; circular; group; society", ["圛"] = "mist rolling upwards", ["圜"] = "circle; round; encircle", ["圞"] = "round", ["土"] = "earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian", ["在"] = "(located) at; in; exist; (before verbs) immediately involved in; right in the middle of doing", ["圩"] = "dike", ["圪"] = "''phonetic''", ["圬"] = "to plaster; whitewash", ["圭"] = "jade tablet", ["圮"] = "destroyed; injure", ["圯"] = "bridge, bank", ["地"] = "earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); -ly", ["圳"] = "furrow in field, small drainage", ["圻"] = "boundary; a border", ["址"] = "location; site", ["均"] = "equal; even; all; uniform", ["坊"] = "subdivision of a city", ["坋"] = "dust, earth; a bank of earth; to dig; to bring together", ["坌"] = "bring together; dust", ["坍"] = "collapse", ["坎"] = "pit; threshold", ["坐"] = "to sit; to take a seat; to take (a bus, aeroplane, etc.)", ["坑"] = "pit; to defraud", ["坒"] = "to compare; to match; to equal", ["坡"] = "slope", ["坤"] = "the earth-; female-principle", ["坦"] = "flat; open-hearted; level; smooth", ["坨"] = "lump; spherical substance", ["坩"] = "earthenware", ["坪"] = "a plain", ["坫"] = "stand for goblets", ["坭"] = "mud", ["坯"] = "unburnt earthenware", ["坰"] = "environs; wilderness", ["坱"] = "boundless (space); fine dust", ["坳"] = "a depression; cavity; hollow", ["坴"] = "a clod of earth; land", ["坵"] = "earthenware, earthenware vessel", ["坻"] = "place name; islet; rock in river", ["坼"] = "to crack; split; break; to chap", ["垂"] = "to hang (down); droop; dangle; bend down; hand down; bequeath; nearly; almost; to approach", ["型"] = "model", ["垓"] = "boundary", ["垔"] = "to restrain; to dam a stream and change its direction; a mound", ["垕"] = "thick", ["垗"] = "sacrifice", ["垚"] = "embankment", ["垛"] = "pile; battlement; target", ["垝"] = "dilapidated", ["垞"] = "place name", ["垟"] = "clay sheep buried with the dead", ["垠"] = "bank", ["垢"] = "dirt; disgrace", ["垣"] = "wall", ["垤"] = "anthill; mound", ["垮"] = "collapse", ["埂"] = "channel for irrigation", ["埃"] = "dirt; dust; angstrom", ["埆"] = "stony", ["埇"] = "raised path", ["埋"] = "to blame; bury", ["埌"] = "wasteland; wild", ["城"] = "city walls; city; town", ["埏"] = "boundary; to mix water with clay", ["埒"] = "enclosure, dike, embankment", ["埕"] = "earthen jar", ["埜"] = "open country, field; wilderness", ["域"] = "field; region; area; (taxonomy) domain", ["埠"] = "a jetty; port; a city; quay", ["埡"] = "character used in place names", ["埤"] = "low wall", ["埧"] = "diked pond", ["埭"] = "dam", ["埰"] = "allotment to a feudal noble", ["埳"] = "a pit, a hole, a snare, a danger; a crisis; a mortar", ["埴"] = "soil with large clay content", ["埵"] = "solid earth", ["埶"] = "skill; art", ["執"] = "execute (a plan); grasp", ["埸"] = "border", ["培"] = "to cultivate; to earth up", ["基"] = "base; foundation; basic; (chemistry) radical", ["埼"] = "headland", ["埽"] = "broom; dike", ["堀"] = "cave; hole", ["堂"] = "(main) hall; large room", ["堄"] = "[[parapet]]", ["堅"] = "strong; solid; firm; unyielding; resolute", ["堆"] = "a pile; a mass; heap; stack", ["堇"] = "yellow loam; clay; season; few", ["堈"] = "earthen jug, crock, cistern", ["堉"] = "fertile soil", ["堊"] = "to whitewash; to plaster", ["堋"] = "target in archery", ["堌"] = "place name", ["堍"] = "side of bridge", ["堎"] = "mound; tomb", ["堙"] = "bury; mound; to dam; close", ["堝"] = "", ["堞"] = "battlements", ["堠"] = "mounds for beacons", ["堡"] = "earthwork; castle; position of defence; stronghold; character used in place names", ["堤"] = "dike", ["堧"] = "adjoin", ["堨"] = "dam; to stop; check", ["堪"] = "endure", ["堭"] = "a dry moat outside a city wall; a dry ditch", ["堮"] = "a boundary; a border", ["堯"] = "''surname''; emperor Yao", ["堰"] = "weir", ["報"] = "to [[announce]]; to [[inform]]; report; newspaper; to [[repay]]; to recompense; revenge", ["堲"] = "hate", ["堳"] = "low wall", ["場"] = "courtyard; open space; place; field; a measure word; (a measure word, used for sport or recreation)", ["堵"] = "stop up", ["堽"] = "mound", ["堿"] = "alkali; soda", ["塈"] = "to brick a grave; to snuff out", ["塊"] = "piece; chunk; lump; (a measure word, for cloth, cake, soap); (measure word for chunks, lumps); yuan (unit of currency); fast (of a watch); swift; rapid; happy; joyful; soon; quick", ["塋"] = "a grave", ["塌"] = "collapse", ["塍"] = "raised path between fields", ["塏"] = "dry terrain", ["塑"] = "to model (a figure) in clay", ["塒"] = "hen roost", ["塓"] = "to plaster; whitewash (wall)", ["塔"] = "pagoda; tower", ["塕"] = "a gust of wind", ["塗"] = "to smear; daub", ["塘"] = "pond", ["塙"] = "truly", ["塚"] = "mound", ["塝"] = "the edge; border of a field", ["塞"] = "to stuff; to stop up; to squeeze in; strategic pass; piston; unenlightened; Serb (abbrev.); Serbian", ["塢"] = "dock; low wall", ["塤"] = "ancient porcelain wind-instrument", ["塥"] = "dry clay lump", ["填"] = "to fill in", ["塱"] = "raised bank; mud wall", ["塵"] = "dust; dirt; earth", ["塹"] = "moat around a city", ["塼"] = "brick", ["塽"] = "elevated prominent ground", ["塾"] = "private tutorage", ["塿"] = "small mound", ["墀"] = "courtyard", ["墁"] = "to plaster", ["境"] = "border; place; condition; boundary; circumstances; territory", ["墅"] = "villa", ["墈"] = "cliff", ["墉"] = "fortified wall", ["墊"] = "pad; cushion; mat", ["墐"] = "bury; plaster with mud", ["墓"] = "tomb", ["墜"] = "fall", ["墝"] = "stony soil", ["增"] = "to increase; to expand; to add", ["墟"] = "old burial grounds", ["墠"] = "level spot for sacrifices", ["墦"] = "a grave", ["墨"] = "China ink; ink stick; (abbrev.)", ["墩"] = "block; gate pillar; pier", ["墫"] = "goblet; bottle; wine-jar", ["墮"] = "degenerate; fall", ["墳"] = "a grave", ["墺"] = "building-plot", ["墾"] = "reclaim (land)", ["壁"] = "wall; rampart", ["壅"] = "obstruct; stop up", ["壆"] = "stiff, hard clay or rocky strata; crack in a jar", ["壇"] = "altar", ["壈"] = "disappointed", ["壎"] = "ancient porcelain wind-instrument", ["壑"] = "gully", ["壒"] = "dust; mud", ["壓"] = "to crush; to press; to push down; to keep under (control); in the first place", ["壔"] = "column; cylinder", ["壕"] = "air-raid shelter; trench", ["壖"] = "land on water edge or under wall", ["壘"] = "rampart", ["壙"] = "tomb", ["壚"] = "clay; shop", ["壝"] = "a mound, an embankment; the earthen altar to the god of the soil", ["壞"] = "bad; evil; rotten; spoiled", ["壟"] = "monopolize", ["壤"] = "soil; earth", ["壩"] = "dam; dyke; embankment", ["士"] = "scholar; warrior; knight", ["壬"] = "9th [[heavenly stem]]", ["壯"] = "to strengthen; strong; robust", ["壹"] = "one (alternate form of {{lang|zh|一}} used on checks)", ["壺"] = "pot; (a measure word)", ["壼"] = "palace corridor or passageway", ["壽"] = "(long) life", ["壿"] = "goblet; bottle; wine-jar", ["夆"] = "to butt (as horned animals)", ["夌"] = "to dawdle; the name of the father of the Emperor Yao", ["夏"] = "summer; Xia (proper name)", ["夔"] = "one-legged monster; respectful", ["夕"] = "dusk; evening", ["外"] = "outside; in addition; foreign; external", ["夗"] = "to turn over when asleep", ["夙"] = "morning", ["多"] = "many; much; a lot of; numerous; multi-", ["夜"] = "night", ["夠"] = "to reach; to be enough", ["夢"] = "to dream", ["夤"] = "late at night", ["夥"] = "assistant; partner; many; great; numerous", ["大"] = "big; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor", ["天"] = "day; sky; heaven", ["太"] = "too (much); very; extremely; highest; greatest", ["夫"] = "husband; man", ["夬"] = "decisive", ["夭"] = "tender; gentle; to die prematurely", ["央"] = "centre; to implore", ["夯"] = "to carry on the shoulder (forcefully); rammer; to ram; to strike forcefully", ["失"] = "to lose; to miss; to fail", ["夷"] = "safe; to raze; to exterminate; barbarian", ["夸"] = "to boast", ["夾"] = "hold between; clip; lined; narrow lane; folder; to press from both sides; to place in between", ["奄"] = "suddenly; to embrace; castrate; to delay", ["奇"] = "strange; odd; weird; wonderful; odd (Num)", ["奈"] = "how can one help", ["奉"] = "to receive (from superior); to offer; to revere", ["奎"] = "name of constellation; stride", ["奏"] = "present a memorial; to achieve; to play", ["奐"] = "excellent", ["契"] = "contract", ["奓"] = "extravagant", ["奔"] = "go to; towards; to hurry or rush; to run quickly; to elope", ["奕"] = "abundant; graceful", ["套"] = "to cover; covering; case; cover; (a measure word, a set of something); sheath", ["奘"] = "fat; stout; great", ["奚"] = "what; why", ["奜"] = "big", ["奠"] = "libation", ["奡"] = "haughty; vigorous", ["奢"] = "extravagant", ["奧"] = "obscure; mysterious", ["奩"] = "bridal trousseau", ["奪"] = "rob; snatch", ["奭"] = "''surname''; angry", ["奮"] = "exert oneself", ["奰"] = "anger", ["女"] = "female; woman; daughter", ["奴"] = "slave", ["奶"] = "breast; lady; milk", ["奸"] = "traitor", ["她"] = "she", ["好"] = "good; well; be fond of", ["妁"] = "''surname''; matchmaker", ["如"] = "as (if); such as", ["妃"] = "imperial concubine", ["妄"] = "absurd; fantastic", ["妊"] = "be pregnant", ["妍"] = "beautiful", ["妒"] = "jealous", ["妓"] = "prostitute", ["妖"] = "goblin; witch; devil; bewitching; enchanting; monster; phantom", ["妗"] = "wife of mother's brother", ["妙"] = "clever; wonderful", ["妝"] = "adornment; adorn", ["妞"] = "little girl", ["妣"] = "deceased mother", ["妤"] = "handsome; fair", ["妥"] = "secure; sound", ["妨"] = "hinder; harm", ["妮"] = "girl; phonetic \"ni\" (in girl's name)", ["妲"] = "concubine of last Shang emperor", ["妳"] = "you (fem.)", ["妵"] = "(feminine name); beautiful; fair", ["妹"] = "younger sister", ["妺"] = "wife of the last ruler of the Xia dynasty", ["妻"] = "wife; to marry off (a daughter)", ["妾"] = "concubine", ["姁"] = "chatter like old woman; cheerful", ["姅"] = "menstruation", ["姆"] = "governess", ["姊"] = "older sister", ["始"] = "begin", ["姍"] = "deprecate; lithe (of woman's walk)", ["姐"] = "older sister", ["姑"] = "paternal aunt", ["姒"] = "''surname''; wife of older brother", ["姓"] = "surname; family name; name", ["委"] = "give up; indeed; to commission; crooked", ["姘"] = "be a mistress or lover", ["姚"] = "''surname''", ["姜"] = "''surname''", ["姝"] = "pretty woman", ["姞"] = "''surname''", ["姣"] = "cunning; pretty", ["姤"] = "copulate; good", ["姥"] = "governess; old woman; (maternal) grandma", ["姦"] = "adultery", ["姨"] = "one's mother's sister; aunt", ["姪"] = "nephew (of the same surname)", ["姬"] = "''surname''; women", ["姱"] = "fascinating; pretty", ["姺"] = "name of an ancient state", ["姻"] = "marriage connections", ["姽"] = "quiet and nice", ["姿"] = "beauty; disposition; looks; appearance", ["娀"] = "name of an ancient state", ["威"] = "power; might; prestige", ["娃"] = "baby; doll", ["娉"] = "graceful", ["娑"] = "", ["娓"] = "active; comply with", ["娘"] = "mother; young lady", ["娛"] = "amuse", ["娜"] = "elegant; graceful", ["娟"] = "beautiful; graceful", ["娠"] = "pregnant", ["娣"] = "wife of a younger brother", ["娥"] = "good; beautiful", ["娩"] = "complaisant; agreeable; give birth to a child", ["娵"] = "(feminine name); (star)", ["娶"] = "take a wife", ["娸"] = "to ridicule; ugly", ["娼"] = "prostitute", ["婀"] = "graceful; willowy; unstable", ["婁"] = "(star); ''surname''", ["婆"] = "grandmother; matron; mother-in-law", ["婉"] = "graceful; tactful", ["婊"] = "prostitute; bitch", ["婐"] = "maid", ["婕"] = "handsome", ["婚"] = "to marry; marriage; wedding; to take a wife", ["婞"] = "upright", ["婢"] = "slave girl; maid servant", ["婤"] = "(feminine name)", ["婥"] = "weak; delicate", ["婦"] = "woman", ["婧"] = "modest; supple", ["婪"] = "avaricious", ["婬"] = "obscene, licentious, lewd", ["婭"] = "address term between sons-in-law", ["婷"] = "graceful", ["婺"] = "beautiful", ["婼"] = "recalcitrant", ["婿"] = "husband; son-in-law", ["媄"] = "beautiful", ["媊"] = "planet Venus in the morning", ["媒"] = "medium; intermediary; matchmaker; go-between", ["媕"] = "girl in love; undecided", ["媚"] = "flatter; charm", ["媛"] = "a beauty", ["媟"] = "to lust for", ["媢"] = "envious", ["媧"] = "''surname''; sister of Fu2 Xi1", ["媬"] = "governess; nurse", ["媮"] = "improper; irregular", ["媯"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["媲"] = "to match; to pair", ["媳"] = "daughter in law", ["媵"] = "maid escorting bride to new home", ["媸"] = "ugly woman", ["媺"] = "beautiful", ["媻"] = "to move", ["媼"] = "old woman", ["媽"] = "mother; mama", ["媾"] = "to marry; to copulate", ["媿"] = "ashamed", ["嫁"] = "marry (a husband)", ["嫂"] = "older brother's wife; sister-in-law", ["嫄"] = "name of an empress", ["嫈"] = "attentively; carefully", ["嫉"] = "jealousy; be jealous of", ["嫋"] = "delicate; graceful", ["嫌"] = "to dislike; to suspect", ["嫖"] = "visit a prostitute", ["嫗"] = "brood over; old woman; protect", ["嫘"] = "''surname''", ["嫚"] = "''surname''; insult", ["嫜"] = "husband's parent; lady in the moon", ["嫠"] = "widow", ["嫡"] = "first wife; son of first wife", ["嫣"] = "captivating", ["嫩"] = "tender; soft", ["嫪"] = "''surname''; lustful", ["嫫"] = "ugly woman", ["嫵"] = "flatter; to please", ["嫻"] = "elegant; refined", ["嫽"] = "good; smart; to play", ["嫿"] = "tranquil", ["嬃"] = "elder sister", ["嬈"] = "disturbance; graceful", ["嬉"] = "amusement", ["嬋"] = "beautiful; graceful", ["嬌"] = "lovable; pampered; tender; delicate; frail", ["嬔"] = "baby rabbit", ["嬖"] = "(treat as a) favourite", ["嬗"] = "changes and succession", ["嬙"] = "female court officials", ["嬛"] = "clever; pretty; place where supreme bestows books", ["嬝"] = "delicate; graceful", ["嬤"] = "ma; mamma", ["嬪"] = "imperial concubine", ["嬬"] = "mistress, concubine; weak", ["嬭"] = "breast; lady; milk", ["嬰"] = "infant; baby", ["嬲"] = "tease; disturb", ["嬴"] = "full; profit; win", ["嬸"] = "wife of father's younger brother", ["嬾"] = "lazy", ["嬿"] = "lovely", ["孀"] = "widow", ["孃"] = "mother; troubled", ["孅"] = "cunning; slender", ["孌"] = "beautiful", ["子"] = "child; son; (''noun suffix''); small thing; seed; egg; 1st [[earthly branch]]; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight;", ["孑"] = "alone; mosquito larvae; small", ["孓"] = "larvae of mosquito", ["孔"] = "hole; ''surname''", ["孕"] = "pregnant", ["孖"] = "twins", ["字"] = "letter; symbol; character; word", ["存"] = "exist; deposit; store; keep; survive", ["孚"] = "trust", ["孛"] = "comet", ["孜"] = "hard-working; industrious", ["孝"] = "filial", ["孟"] = "first month; eldest brother; ''surname''", ["孢"] = "spore", ["季"] = "season; period", ["孤"] = "lone; lonely", ["孥"] = "child; offspring", ["孩"] = "child", ["孫"] = "grandson", ["孰"] = "who; which; what", ["孱"] = "coward; weak; dodger", ["孳"] = "industrious; produce; bear", ["孵"] = "hatch", ["學"] = "learn; study; science; -ology", ["孺"] = "child", ["孻"] = "last", ["孽"] = "consequence of sin", ["孿"] = "twins", ["它"] = "it (used for things)", ["宄"] = "traitor", ["宅"] = "residence", ["宇"] = "room; universe", ["守"] = "to guard", ["安"] = "content; calm; still; quiet; to pacify; peace; how", ["宋"] = "''surname''; name of a dynasty", ["完"] = "to finish; to be over; whole; complete; entire", ["宏"] = "spacious", ["宓"] = "still; silent", ["宕"] = "dissipated; put off", ["宗"] = "school; sect; purpose; model; ancestor; family", ["官"] = "official; government; organ of body", ["宙"] = "universe", ["定"] = "to set; to fix; to determine; to decide; to stabilize; to order", ["宛"] = "similar; winding", ["宜"] = "proper; should; suitable; appropriate", ["客"] = "customer; visitor; guest", ["宣"] = "to declare (publicly); to announce", ["室"] = "room", ["宥"] = "forgive; help; profound", ["宦"] = "an official", ["宧"] = "northeastern corner of a room", ["宬"] = "library stack; storage", ["宮"] = "palace; uterus", ["宰"] = "slaughter; butcher; govern; rule; official", ["害"] = "to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity", ["宴"] = "feast; repose", ["宵"] = "night", ["家"] = "home; family; -ist; -er; -ian; measure word for stores and schools", ["宸"] = "imperial apartments", ["容"] = "to hold; to contain; to allow; appearance; look; countenance", ["宿"] = "(a) night; constellation; lodge for the night; old; former", ["寀"] = "feudal estate", ["寁"] = "swift", ["寂"] = "lonesome", ["寄"] = "lodge at; to mail; to send; to entrust; to depend", ["寅"] = "3rd [[earthly branch]]; 3–5 a.m.", ["密"] = "secret; confidential; close; thick; dense", ["寇"] = "bandit", ["富"] = "rich; abundant; to enrich; resource", ["寎"] = "nightmare; start in sleep", ["寐"] = "sleep soundly", ["寒"] = "cold; poor; to tremble", ["寓"] = "reside; residence", ["寔"] = "really; solid", ["寖"] = "immerse; soak", ["寘"] = "put aside, put down; discard", ["寙"] = "bad; useless; weak", ["寞"] = "lonesome", ["察"] = "examine; inquire; observe; inspect; look into; to examine", ["寠"] = "poor; rustic", ["寡"] = "few; widowed", ["寢"] = "lie down", ["寤"] = "awake from sleep", ["寥"] = "empty; lonesome; very few", ["實"] = "real; true; honest; really; solid", ["寧"] = "peaceful; rather; Ningxia (abbrev.)", ["寨"] = "stronghold; stockade", ["審"] = "to examine; to investigate; carefully; to try (in court)", ["寪"] = "''surname''", ["寫"] = "to write", ["寬"] = "lenient; wide; broad", ["寮"] = "Laos; fellow-official; hut", ["寰"] = "large domain", ["寵"] = "to love; to pamper; to spoil; to favour", ["寶"] = "a jewel or gem; a treasure; precious", ["寸"] = "a unit of length", ["寺"] = "Buddhist temple", ["封"] = "to confer; to grant; to seal; (a measure word)", ["尃"] = "to state to, to announce", ["射"] = "radio- (chem.); shoot", ["將"] = "a general; (will, shall, \"future tense\"); ready; prepared; to get; to use", ["專"] = "for a particular person, occasion, purpose; focused on one thing; special; expert; particular (to something); concentrated; specialized", ["尉"] = "milit. official; to quiet", ["尊"] = "to honour", ["尋"] = "to search; to look for; to seek", ["對"] = "couple; pair; to be opposite; to oppose; to face; for; to; correct (answer); to answer; to reply; to direct (towards something); right", ["導"] = "to transmit; to lead; to guide; to conduct; to direct", ["小"] = "small; tiny; few; young", ["少"] = "young; few; little; lack", ["尒"] = "thou", ["尕"] = "''phonetic''", ["尖"] = "point (of needle); sharp; shrewd; pointed", ["尚"] = "still; yet; to value; to esteem", ["尟"] = "few; rare", ["尢"] = "lame", ["尤"] = "outstanding; particularly; especially", ["尨"] = "shaggy dog; striped", ["尪"] = "feeble; lame", ["尬"] = "in an embarrassing situation", ["尰"] = "swell", ["就"] = "at once; then; right away; only; (emphasis); to approach; to move towards; to undertake", ["尸"] = "corpse", ["尹"] = "to rule; ''surname''", ["尺"] = "a Chinese foot (M); one-third of a metre; a ruler; a note musical note on traditional Chinese scale", ["尻"] = "end of spine", ["尼"] = "Buddhist nun; (often used in phonetic spellings)", ["尾"] = "tail", ["尿"] = "urinate; urine", ["局"] = "situation; office; (a measure word used for games) set or round office", ["屁"] = "to break wind; to fart", ["屄"] = "''a vulgar reference of vulva''; cunt", ["居"] = "reside", ["屆"] = "arrive at (place or time); period; to become due; measure words for events (e.g., meetings, elections)", ["屇"] = "cave; hole", ["屈"] = "bent; feel wronged", ["屋"] = "house; room", ["屌"] = "penis; to fuck", ["屍"] = "corpse", ["屎"] = "stool; faeces", ["屏"] = "(standing) screen; get rid of; put aside; reject; keep control; hold back", ["屐"] = "clogs", ["屑"] = "crumbs; filings; worth while", ["展"] = "to spread out; to postpone; to unfold; to use", ["屘"] = "the youngest", ["屙"] = "defecate", ["屜"] = "drawer; tier; tray", ["屝"] = "coarse; sandals", ["屠"] = "slaughter; slaughter man", ["屢"] = "time and again", ["屣"] = "slippers", ["層"] = "layer; floor; a measure word for layers; laminated; repeated; story (of a building); (maths) sheaf", ["履"] = "shoe; to tread on", ["屧"] = "wooden shoes", ["屨"] = "sandals", ["屩"] = "hemp sandals", ["屪"] = "penis", ["屬"] = "belong to; category; be subordinate to; (taxonomy) genus; be born in the year of (one of the 12 animals); family members; dependants; join together; fix one's attention on; concentrate on", ["屭"] = "gigantic strength", ["屮"] = "plants sprouting", ["屯"] = "to store up; to station (soldiers); difficult; stingy", ["山"] = "mountain; hill", ["屴"] = "high mountain range", ["屹"] = "high and steep", ["屺"] = "hill without trees", ["屼"] = "bare hill", ["岊"] = "mountain peak", ["岌"] = "lofty peak; perilous", ["岍"] = "name of a mountain", ["岐"] = "divergent; side road; steep", ["岑"] = "a small hill; ''surname''", ["岔"] = "branch in a road; astray; diverge", ["岝"] = "name of a mountain in Shandong", ["岡"] = "ridge; mound", ["岣"] = "name of a hill in Hunan", ["岧"] = "lofty peak", ["岨"] = "rocky hill", ["岩"] = "cliff; rock", ["岫"] = "cave; mountain peak", ["岬"] = "cape (geog.)", ["岱"] = "name of a mountain in Shandong", ["岳"] = "mountain; wife's father", ["岵"] = "wooded hill", ["岷"] = "name of a river in Sichuan", ["岸"] = "bank; shore; beach; coast", ["峇"] = "cave, cavern", ["峋"] = "ranges of hills", ["峒"] = "name of a mountain", ["峓"] = "place name", ["峙"] = "peak; to store", ["峞"] = "high and uneven", ["峨"] = "lofty; name of a mountain", ["峪"] = "valley", ["峭"] = "steep hill", ["峰"] = "peak; summit", ["峱"] = "name of a mountain", ["峴"] = "steep hill", ["島"] = "island", ["峹"] = "name of a mountain", ["峻"] = "steep", ["峽"] = "gorge", ["峿"] = "name of a mountain", ["崀"] = "place name in Hunan province", ["崆"] = "name of a mountain", ["崇"] = "high; dignified; lofty; to honour", ["崌"] = "mountain name", ["崍"] = "name of a mountain in Sichuan", ["崎"] = "mountainous", ["崑"] = "Kunlun mountains", ["崒"] = "rocky peaks; lofty and dangerous", ["崔"] = "high mountain; precipitous", ["崖"] = "precipice", ["崗"] = "mound; policeman's beat", ["崙"] = "Kunlun mountains", ["崚"] = "lofty (as of mountain)", ["崛"] = "towering as a peak", ["崞"] = "name of a mountain", ["崟"] = "high; rugged mountains; steep", ["崠"] = "place name in Guangxi province", ["崢"] = "excel; lofty", ["崤"] = "mountain in Henan", ["崦"] = "name of a mountain in Gansu", ["崧"] = "lofty; name of a mountain in Henan", ["崩"] = "collapse; fall into ruins", ["崮"] = "(element in mountain names)", ["崱"] = "lofty", ["崳"] = "county in Shandong province", ["崴"] = "high, lofty; precipitous", ["崶"] = "name of a legendary hill", ["崽"] = "young of animals", ["崿"] = "cliff; precipice", ["嵂"] = "rise sharply; to tower", ["嵇"] = "''surname''; name of a mountain", ["嵊"] = "name of a district in Zhejiang", ["嵌"] = "deep valley; inlay", ["嵎"] = "mountain range", ["嵐"] = "mountain mist", ["嵒"] = "cliff", ["嵙"] = "place name", ["嵩"] = "lofty; name of a mountain in Henan", ["嵫"] = "name of a mountain in Gansu", ["嵬"] = "rocky", ["嵯"] = "lofty (as of mountain)", ["嵼"] = "winding mountain path", ["嵾"] = "uneven; not uniform", ["嶁"] = "mountain peak", ["嶂"] = "cliff; range of peaks", ["嶄"] = "precipitous peak", ["嶇"] = "rugged", ["嶒"] = "lofty; precipitous", ["嶓"] = "name of a mountain", ["嶔"] = "loftiness (of mountain)", ["嶗"] = "name of a mountain in Shandong", ["嶙"] = "ranges of hills", ["嶝"] = "path leading up a mountain", ["嶞"] = "mountain peak", ["嶠"] = "highest peak", ["嶡"] = "sacrificial vessel; precipitous; mountainous", ["嶢"] = "high; steep; to tower", ["嶧"] = "name of hills in Shandong", ["嶨"] = "big rocky mountain", ["嶭"] = "elevated, lofty", ["嶮"] = "precipitous; rugged", ["嶰"] = "mountain valley", ["嶲"] = "a name of an old town in Sichuan; cuckoo; revolution of a wheel", ["嶴"] = "place name", ["嶷"] = "name of a mountain in Hunan", ["嶺"] = "mountain range", ["嶼"] = "islet", ["嶽"] = "mountain", ["巂"] = "place name in Sichuan", ["巃"] = "steep; precipitous (of mountain)", ["巇"] = "mountain-gorge; ravine", ["巉"] = "cliff", ["巋"] = "high and mighty (of mountain); hilly", ["巍"] = "high; lofty; towering; majestic", ["巒"] = "mountain ranges", ["巔"] = "summit", ["巖"] = "cliff", ["巘"] = "peak of mountain", ["川"] = "river; creek; plain; an area of level country; Sichuan province (abbrev.)", ["州"] = "province; prefecture; state; county", ["巟"] = "a watery waste; to reach", ["巡"] = "to patrol; to make one's rounds", ["巢"] = "nest", ["工"] = "work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labour", ["左"] = "left", ["巧"] = "opportunely; coincidentally; as it happens; skilful; timely", ["巨"] = "very large; huge; tremendous; gigantic", ["巫"] = "witch; Malay", ["差"] = "differ from; short of; to lack; poor; send; a messenger; a mission; to commission; uneven; difference; discrepancy; to differ; error; to err; to make a mistake", ["巰"] = "hydrosulfuryl", ["己"] = "6th [[heavenly stem]]; self", ["已"] = "already; to stop; then; afterwards", ["巳"] = "6th [[earthly branch]]; 9–11 a.m.", ["巴"] = "(suff. for certain nouns); to hope; to wish; Palestinian, Palestine (abbrev.); Pakistan (abbrev.); Pascal (unit of pressure)", ["巷"] = "lane; alley", ["巹"] = "nuptial wine cup", ["巽"] = "a sign in the trigram; obey", ["巾"] = "towel", ["巿"] = "revolve, make circuit, turn", ["市"] = "market; city", ["布"] = "to declare; to announce; to spread; to make known; spread; (cotton) cloth", ["帆"] = "sail", ["希"] = "to hope; rare; infrequent", ["帑"] = "treasury", ["帔"] = "cape", ["帕"] = "handkerchief", ["帖"] = "invitation card; notice; rubbing from incised inscription; fit snugly", ["帗"] = "object held by dancer", ["帘"] = "wine shop sign", ["帙"] = "book cover", ["帚"] = "broom", ["帛"] = "silk", ["帝"] = "emperor", ["帟"] = "canopy", ["帡"] = "shelter, screen, awning", ["帣"] = "a bag which holds 30 pecks", ["帥"] = "commander in chief; handsome; graceful; smart", ["帨"] = "handkerchief", ["師"] = "a division (milit.); teacher; master; expert; model", ["席"] = "banquet; woven mat; seat; place", ["帳"] = "account; mosquito net; tent; curtain; debt; credit", ["帶"] = "band; belt; girdle; ribbon; area; zone; region; wear; carry; lead; bring; consists of; show; and", ["帷"] = "curtain; screen", ["常"] = "always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant", ["帽"] = "hat; cap", ["幀"] = "frame; one of a pair (scrolls); picture", ["幃"] = "curtain; women's apartment; tent", ["幄"] = "tent", ["幅"] = "(measure word for textile or picture); width; roll", ["幋"] = "large scarf", ["幌"] = "advertising sign", ["幔"] = "curtain", ["幕"] = "stage curtain; tent", ["幗"] = "cap worn by women; feminine", ["幘"] = "conical cap", ["幙"] = "a curtain, a screen", ["幛"] = "hanging scroll", ["幟"] = "flag", ["幠"] = "arrogant; rude; to cover", ["幡"] = "banner", ["幢"] = "(measure word for houses); tents", ["幣"] = "money; coins; currency", ["幦"] = "chariot canopy", ["幨"] = "curtain in carriage; screen", ["幩"] = "ornamental tassel on bridle", ["幪"] = "cover", ["幫"] = "to assist; to support; to help; group; gang; party", ["幬"] = "canopy; curtain", ["幭"] = "carriage cover", ["幯"] = "wipe", ["幰"] = "curtain at front of carriage", ["干"] = "to concern; to interfere; shield; stem", ["平"] = "flat; level; equal; to make the same score; to tie; to draw; calm; peaceful", ["年"] = "year", ["幵"] = "even level. to raise in both hands", ["并"] = "and; also; together with", ["幸"] = "fortunate; lucky", ["幹"] = "main part of something; to manage; to work; to do; capable; tree trunk; to kill (slang)", ["幻"] = "fantasy", ["幼"] = "young", ["幽"] = "quiet; secluded", ["幾"] = "how much; how many; several; a few; almost", ["庀"] = "prepare", ["庄"] = "farm; village", ["庇"] = "to protect; cover; shelter; hide or harbour", ["庈"] = "(person)", ["庉"] = "a village; to dwell together", ["床"] = "bed; couch; (a measure word)", ["庋"] = "a cupboard or pantry to store", ["序"] = "order; sequence; preface", ["底"] = "background; bottom; base; (possessive part.); (subor. part.)", ["庖"] = "kitchen", ["店"] = "inn; shop; store", ["庚"] = "7th [[heavenly stem]]; age", ["府"] = "prefecture; mansion", ["庠"] = "asylum for the aged; school", ["庤"] = "prepare", ["庥"] = "protection; shade", ["度"] = "capacity; degree; standard", ["座"] = "seat; base; stand; measure word for large, solid things", ["庫"] = "warehouse; storehouse", ["庬"] = "huge", ["庭"] = "court; courtyard", ["庳"] = "low-built house", ["庴"] = "place name", ["庵"] = "hut; Buddhist convent; small Buddhist temple", ["庶"] = "ordinary", ["康"] = "peaceful; spongy (of radishes)", ["庸"] = "ordinary; to use", ["庹"] = "length of 2 outstretched arms", ["庾"] = "''surname''; name of a mountain", ["廁"] = "rest-room; toilet; lavatory", ["廂"] = "box (in theatre); side room", ["廄"] = "a stable", ["廆"] = "a room; the wall of a house; a man's name", ["廈"] = "tall building", ["廉"] = "uncorrupt; inexpensive", ["廊"] = "porch", ["廋"] = "to search; be concealed", ["廎"] = "room; small hall", ["廑"] = "careful; hut", ["廒"] = "granary", ["廓"] = "big; empty; open", ["廕"] = "shade", ["廖"] = "''surname''", ["廚"] = "kitchen", ["廛"] = "market place", ["廝"] = "servant", ["廞"] = "to prepare horses and chariots for battle", ["廟"] = "temple; monastery", ["廠"] = "factory; yard; depot; workhouse; works; (industrial) plant", ["廡"] = "veranda", ["廢"] = "abolish; crippled", ["廣"] = "wide; numerous; to spread", ["廧"] = "wall", ["廨"] = "office", ["廩"] = "government granary", ["廬"] = "hut", ["廱"] = "harmonious", ["廳"] = "(reception) hall; office", ["延"] = "to prolong; to extend; to delay", ["廷"] = "palace courtyard", ["建"] = "to establish; to found; to set up; to build; to construct", ["廾"] = "hands joined", ["廿"] = "twenty", ["弁"] = "cap", ["异"] = "(interj.); raise; to stop", ["弄"] = "to do; to manage; to handle; to play with; to fool with; to mess with; to fix; to toy with; lane; alley", ["弇"] = "to cover; trap", ["弈"] = "Chinese chess game", ["弊"] = "detriment; fraud; harm; defeat", ["弋"] = "to shoot", ["式"] = "type; form; pattern; style", ["弒"] = "murder a superior", ["弓"] = "a bow (weapon)", ["弔"] = "condole with; hang", ["引"] = "to lead; to divert (water); to guide", ["弗"] = "not", ["弘"] = "great; liberal", ["弛"] = "unstring a bow; slacken; relax; loosen", ["弝"] = "the part of a bow grasped when shooting", ["弟"] = "younger brother", ["弢"] = "bow case; to cover", ["弣"] = "handle of bow", ["弤"] = "carved bow", ["弦"] = "bow string; string of mus. instr.", ["弧"] = "arc", ["弨"] = "unbent bow", ["弩"] = "cross-bow", ["弭"] = "to stop; repress", ["弮"] = "a crossbow which discharged several bolts in succession", ["弰"] = "ends of a bow", ["弱"] = "weak; feeble; young; inferior", ["弳"] = "circular measure", ["張"] = "(a measure word); ''surname''; open up", ["強"] = "strength; force; power; powerful; better", ["弸"] = "full; stretch", ["弼"] = "assist", ["彀"] = "enough", ["彄"] = "nock at end of bow; stretch", ["彆"] = "contrary; difficult; awkward", ["彈"] = "bullet; shot; ball; to play (a stringed instrument); to pluck a string; impeach", ["彊"] = "strong; superior; compel; wilful", ["彌"] = "full; to fill", ["彎"] = "bend; bent", ["彔"] = "to carve wood", ["彖"] = "hog; to judge", ["彗"] = "comet", ["彘"] = "swine", ["彙"] = "class; collection", ["彝"] = "normal nature of man; rule", ["形"] = "to appear; to look; form; shape", ["彤"] = "red", ["彥"] = "accomplished; elegant", ["彧"] = "accomplished; elegant", ["彩"] = "(bright) colour; variety; applause; applaud; (lottery) prize", ["彪"] = "a tiger-cat; stripes; streaks; veins", ["彫"] = "engrave", ["彬"] = "ornamental; refined", ["彭"] = "''surname''", ["彰"] = "manifest", ["影"] = "picture; image; reflection; shadow", ["彳"] = "step with left foot", ["彴"] = "bridge", ["彸"] = "restless, agitated", ["役"] = "service", ["彼"] = "that; those; (one) another)", ["彽"] = "go to and fro", ["往"] = "toward; (of a train) bound for; to go (in a direction); past; previous; towards", ["征"] = "attack; levy (troops or taxes); journey; trip; expedition", ["徂"] = "to go; to reach", ["待"] = "wait; treat; deal with; need; about; intending to do something; stay; delay", ["徇"] = "follow; quick", ["很"] = "very; rather; quite", ["律"] = "law", ["後"] = "back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later", ["徐"] = "slow; gentle; ''surname''", ["徑"] = "path", ["徒"] = "apprentice; disciple", ["得"] = "get; obtain; gain; proper; suitable; proud; contented; allow; permit; ready; finished; a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect; degree or possibility; to have to; must; ought to; to need to", ["徙"] = "change one's residence", ["從"] = "from; obey; observe; follow; second cousin; lax; yielding; unhurried", ["徠"] = "to come", ["御"] = "defend; imperial; to drive", ["復"] = "again; recover; reply to a letter; to repeat; to duplicate", ["循"] = "to follow; to adhere to; to abide by", ["徬"] = "irresolute", ["徭"] = "compulsory service", ["微"] = "tiny; minute; clandestine; hide; elegant; exquisite", ["徯"] = "footpath; wait for", ["徵"] = "note in Chinese musical scale; levy (troops or taxes)", ["德"] = "Germany; virtue; goodness; morality; ethics; kindness; favour; character; kind", ["徹"] = "pervade; penetrate; pass through; thorough; penetrating", ["徻"] = "a wide room", ["徼"] = "boundary; go around; by mere luck", ["徽"] = "insignia", ["忀"] = "to stroll; to ramble", ["心"] = "heart; mind", ["必"] = "certainly; must; will; necessarily", ["忉"] = "grieved", ["忌"] = "avoid as taboo; jealous", ["忍"] = "to bear; to endure; to tolerate", ["忒"] = "excessive; to change", ["忖"] = "ponder; consider; guess", ["志"] = "the will", ["忘"] = "to forget; to overlook; to neglect", ["忙"] = "busy", ["忝"] = "to shame", ["忠"] = "loyal", ["忡"] = "grieved; distressed; sad; uneasy", ["忤"] = "disobedient; unfilial", ["忪"] = "restless; agitated", ["快"] = "fast; quick; swift", ["忭"] = "delighted; pleased", ["忮"] = "aggressive", ["忱"] = "sincerity; honesty", ["念"] = "to miss; to think of; to read; to study (a subject); to attend (a school); to read aloud; idea; remembrance; twenty", ["忸"] = "accustomed to; blush; be shy", ["忻"] = "happy", ["忽"] = "suddenly", ["忿"] = "vehement", ["怍"] = "ashamed", ["怎"] = "how", ["怏"] = "discontented", ["怒"] = "indignant", ["怔"] = "be startled", ["怕"] = "to be afraid; to fear", ["怖"] = "terror; terrified; afraid; frightened", ["怗"] = "peaceful; quiet", ["怙"] = "presume", ["怚"] = "dull, stupid, suspicious", ["怛"] = "distressed; alarmed; shocked; grieved", ["思"] = "to think; to consider", ["怞"] = "to grieve; sorrowful", ["怠"] = "idle; lazy; negligent; careless", ["怡"] = "harmony; pleased", ["急"] = "hurried; worried", ["怦"] = "impulsive", ["性"] = "sex; nature; suffix corresponding to -ness or -ity", ["怨"] = "blame; complain", ["怩"] = "shy, timid, bashful; look ashamed", ["怪"] = "queer; to blame", ["怫"] = "anxious; anger", ["怭"] = "frivolous; rude", ["怯"] = "afraid; rustic", ["怲"] = "sad; mournful", ["怳"] = "disappointed; flurried; indistinct", ["怵"] = "fearful; timid; to fear", ["怹"] = "a polite version of he", ["恁"] = "that, like this, thus, so, such", ["恂"] = "sincere", ["恃"] = "rely upon", ["恆"] = "permanent", ["恇"] = "to fear; apprehensive", ["恉"] = "purport", ["恌"] = "frivolous", ["恍"] = "disappointed; flurried; indistinct", ["恐"] = "afraid; frightened; to fear", ["恓"] = "troubled; vexed", ["恔"] = "cheerful", ["恕"] = "forgive", ["恙"] = "sickness", ["恚"] = "rage", ["恛"] = "disordered; indistinct doubtful; blurred", ["恝"] = "indifferent", ["恟"] = "scared, nervous", ["恢"] = "to restore; to recover; great", ["恣"] = "throw off restraint", ["恤"] = "give relief; sympathy", ["恥"] = "shame; disgrace", ["恧"] = "ashamed", ["恨"] = "to hate; regret", ["恩"] = "kind act (from above)", ["恪"] = "''surname''; respectful", ["恫"] = "frighten", ["恬"] = "quiet, calm, tranquil, peaceful", ["恭"] = "respectful", ["息"] = "rest; news; interest; breath", ["恰"] = "exactly; just", ["恿"] = "", ["悁"] = "impatient; angry; sad", ["悃"] = "sincere", ["悄"] = "quiet; sad", ["悅"] = "pleased", ["悆"] = "happy", ["悉"] = "in all cases; know", ["悊"] = "wise. to know intuitively", ["悌"] = "do one's duty as a younger brother", ["悍"] = "violent", ["悐"] = "respect, regard; to stand in awe of, to be alarmed", ["悒"] = "anxiety; worry", ["悔"] = "regret", ["悖"] = "perverse; rebellious; to rebel", ["悚"] = "frightened", ["悛"] = "to reform", ["悜"] = "obscure", ["悝"] = "sad; laugh at", ["悟"] = "comprehend", ["悠"] = "at ease; long (in time); sad", ["患"] = "misfortune; suffer (from illness); trouble; danger; worry; to contract (a disease)", ["您"] = "(''polite'') you", ["悰"] = "joy", ["悱"] = "want but cannot speak", ["悲"] = "sad; sadness; sorrow; grief", ["悴"] = "haggard; sad; downcast; distressed", ["悵"] = "regretful; upset; despair; depressed", ["悶"] = "melancholy; smother; stuffy", ["悸"] = "afraid", ["悻"] = "angry", ["悼"] = "mourn; lament", ["悽"] = "sorrowful", ["悾"] = "simple-minded; sincere", ["惄"] = "distressed; famished", ["情"] = "feeling; emotion; passion; situation", ["惆"] = "forlorn; vexed; disappointed", ["惇"] = "kindhearted", ["惋"] = "regret, be sorry; alarmed", ["惌"] = "to bear a grudge against", ["惎"] = "injure; vilify", ["惏"] = "avaricious; greedy", ["惑"] = "confuse", ["惓"] = "earnest", ["惔"] = "cheerful", ["惕"] = "fearful; respectful", ["惘"] = "desolate", ["惙"] = "mournful; uncertain", ["惚"] = "indistinct", ["惛"] = "confused; forgetful; silly", ["惜"] = "pity; regret; rue; begrudge", ["惝"] = "disappointed", ["惟"] = "only; think", ["惠"] = "favour; kind act (from above)", ["惡"] = "evil; to hate; to loathe; nauseated", ["惦"] = "think of; remember; miss", ["惰"] = "lazy", ["惱"] = "get mad", ["惲"] = "''surname''", ["想"] = "to think; to believe; to suppose; to wish; to want; to miss", ["惴"] = "anxious; worried", ["惶"] = "frightened", ["惷"] = "blunt; stupid; to wiggle (of worms)", ["惸"] = "alone; desolate", ["惹"] = "to provoke; to exasperate; to annoy", ["惺"] = "tranquil; understand", ["惻"] = "sorrowful", ["愀"] = "change countenance; worry", ["愁"] = "worry about", ["愃"] = "well-being", ["愆"] = "fault; transgression", ["愈"] = "heal; the more...the more; to recover; better", ["愉"] = "pleased", ["愊"] = "melancholy; sincere", ["愍"] = "pity; sympathize", ["愎"] = "perverse; obstinate", ["意"] = "idea; meaning; wish; desire; Italy (abbrev.)", ["愐"] = "shy", ["愒"] = "to desire", ["愓"] = "profligate", ["愔"] = "peaceful; solemn", ["愕"] = "startled", ["愚"] = "stupid", ["愛"] = "to love; affection; to be fond of; to like", ["愜"] = "cheerful; satisfied", ["感"] = "to feel; to move; to touch; to affect", ["愣"] = "to look distracted; to stare blankly; distracted; stupefied; blank", ["愧"] = "ashamed", ["愨"] = "honest", ["愫"] = "guileless; sincere", ["愬"] = "complain; sue; tell", ["愮"] = "distressed, agitated", ["愴"] = "mournful; sad; grieved; sorry", ["愷"] = "joyful; kind", ["愾"] = "anger", ["愿"] = "sincere; willing", ["慁"] = "confused; dishonour", ["慄"] = "afraid; trembling", ["慅"] = "agitated", ["慆"] = "rejoice", ["慇"] = "solicitous", ["慈"] = "compassionate; gentle; merciful; kind; humane", ["慉"] = "to foster; to bear", ["慊"] = "contented; dissatisfied", ["態"] = "appearance; state; attitude; (''linguistics'') voice", ["慌"] = "to get panicky; to lose one's head", ["慍"] = "indignant; feel hurt", ["慎"] = "cautious", ["慕"] = "admire", ["慘"] = "miserable; wretched; cruel; inhuman; seriously; badly; tragic", ["慚"] = "ashamed", ["慝"] = "evil thought", ["慟"] = "grief", ["慢"] = "slow", ["慣"] = "accustomed to; used to", ["慥"] = "sincere", ["慧"] = "intelligent", ["慨"] = "generous; sad", ["慪"] = "annoyed", ["慫"] = "arouse", ["慬"] = "brave; cautious; sad", ["慮"] = "anxiety", ["慰"] = "reassure", ["慱"] = "sad", ["慳"] = "stingy", ["慴"] = "terrified", ["慵"] = "careless", ["慶"] = "celebrate", ["慷"] = "generous; magnanimous", ["慼"] = "ashamed; grief", ["慾"] = "desire; wish", ["憀"] = "to rely on", ["憂"] = "worried", ["憃"] = "foolish, stupid, dull, silly", ["憊"] = "exhausted", ["憋"] = "hold in (urine); to hold (breath); to choke; stifle; restrain; hold back", ["憍"] = "arrogant", ["憎"] = "detest", ["憐"] = "to pity", ["憑"] = "lean against; proof; to rely on; to depend on; to be based on", ["憒"] = "confused; troubled", ["憔"] = "haggard", ["憖"] = "injured; moreover; preferably", ["憚"] = "dread; fear; dislike", ["憝"] = "dislike; hate", ["憤"] = "indignant; anger; resentment", ["憧"] = "irresolute; unsettled", ["憨"] = "silly; simple-minded", ["憩"] = "to rest", ["憪"] = "composed, contented", ["憫"] = "sympathize; to pity", ["憬"] = "awaken", ["憭"] = "clear; intelligible; severe; cold", ["憮"] = "disappointed; startled", ["憯"] = "already; sorrowful", ["憲"] = "statute; constitution", ["憶"] = "remember", ["憸"] = "artful; flattering", ["憺"] = "peace", ["憾"] = "regret", ["懂"] = "to understand; to know", ["懃"] = "solicitous; thoughtful", ["懅"] = "bashful; ashamed", ["懆"] = "anxious; sad", ["懇"] = "earnest", ["懈"] = "lax; negligent", ["應"] = "to answer; to respond; ought", ["懊"] = "to regret", ["懋"] = "be great; exert the mind", ["懌"] = "pleased; rejoice", ["懍"] = "fear", ["懟"] = "dislike; hate", ["懠"] = "angry", ["懣"] = "melancholy", ["懤"] = "grieved, pained", ["懥"] = "enraged", ["懦"] = "imbecile; timid", ["懨"] = "contented; peaceful", ["懫"] = "enraged; resentful; to hate; to desist", ["懮"] = "grievous; relaxed", ["懰"] = "lovely; beautiful", ["懲"] = "punish; discipline", ["懵"] = "stupid", ["懶"] = "lazy", ["懷"] = "to think of; to cherish; mind; heart; bosom", ["懸"] = "hang; suspend", ["懺"] = "feel remorse; regret; repent", ["懼"] = "to fear", ["懽"] = "pleased", ["懾"] = "afraid; be feared; to fear; to frighten; to intimidate", ["懿"] = "restrain; virtuous", ["戀"] = "feel attached to; long for; love", ["戁"] = "stand in awe", ["戄"] = "fear; be in awe; sudden glance", ["戇"] = "simple; stupid", ["戈"] = "spear", ["戊"] = "5th [[heavenly stem]]", ["戌"] = "11th [[earthly branch]]; 7–9 p.m.", ["戍"] = "garrison", ["戎"] = "weapon", ["成"] = "finish; complete; accomplish; become; turn into; win; succeed; one tenth", ["我"] = "I; me", ["戒"] = "swear off; warn against", ["戔"] = "narrow; small", ["或"] = "maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or", ["戚"] = "get close to; relative; sorrow; battle-axe", ["戛"] = "a lance; standing alone", ["戟"] = "a lance with two points", ["戠"] = "a sword. potter's clay. to gather", ["戡"] = "kill; suppress", ["戢"] = "collect oneself; put away", ["戣"] = "a lance", ["戤"] = "infringe upon a trade mark", ["戥"] = "small steelyard for weighing money", ["戩"] = "carry to the utmost; to cut", ["截"] = "a section; cut off (a length)", ["戭"] = "spear", ["戮"] = "kill", ["戰"] = "to fight; fight; war; battle", ["戲"] = "trick; drama; play; show", ["戳"] = "poke; pierce; prick; wooden or rubber stamp or seal", ["戴"] = "to put on; to respect; to bear; to support; wear (glasses, hat, gloves)", ["戶"] = "a household; door; family", ["戺"] = "door pivot", ["戽"] = "water bucket for irrigation", ["戾"] = "do violence; go against", ["房"] = "house", ["所"] = "actually; place; (''nominalization prefix'')", ["扁"] = "flat; tablet; inscription; small boat", ["扃"] = "shut", ["扆"] = "''surname''; screen", ["扇"] = "fan; to fan; (a measure word for doors, windows, etc.)", ["扈"] = "retinue", ["扉"] = "door with only one leaf", ["扊"] = "upright bar for fastening a door", ["手"] = "hand; convenient; -er", ["才"] = "ability; talent; endowment; gift; an expert; only (then); only if; just", ["扎"] = "to prick; to run or stick (a needle, etc.) into; penetrating (as of cold); struggle; to tie; to bind", ["扐"] = "divination by straw", ["扑"] = "to rush at; to throw oneself on", ["扒"] = "climb; crawl; snatch; pull (out); to strip; hold on to; cling to; dig up; rake; push aside", ["打"] = "beat; strike; break; mix up; build; fight; fetch; make; tie up; issue; shoot; calculate; since; from; dozen", ["扔"] = "throw", ["托"] = "to hold in one's hand; to entrust; to support in one's palm", ["扛"] = "carry on one's shoulder; lift overhead with both hands", ["扞"] = "ward off, withstand, resist", ["扠"] = "to fork", ["扡"] = "drag along", ["扢"] = "sprightful; clean; to rub", ["扣"] = "10 percent; button; detain", ["扤"] = "to move; sway", ["扦"] = "graft (tree); stick in", ["扭"] = "to turn; to twist; to grab; to wring", ["扮"] = "to disguise oneself; to dress up; adorn", ["扯"] = "pull; tear; to talk casually", ["扱"] = "collect; receive", ["扳"] = "climb up; pull; to pull or draw (up or out)", ["扶"] = "to support with hand; to help someone up; to help", ["批"] = "to ascertain; (measure word for batches, lots); to act on; to criticize; to pass on", ["扻"] = "to strike; to run against; to throw, as a stone", ["扼"] = "hold (strategic position)", ["扽"] = "to move, to shake", ["找"] = "to try to find; to look for; to call on (someone); to find; to seek; to return", ["承"] = "to bear; to carry; to hold; to continue; to undertake; to take charge; owing to; due to; to receive", ["技"] = "skill", ["抃"] = "strike; tap", ["抄"] = "to copy; to plagiarize; to search and seize; to go; to transcribe; to take a shortcut; to search and confiscate", ["抆"] = "wipe", ["抈"] = "to bend", ["抉"] = "dig; pick", ["把"] = "handle; (a measure word); (marker for direct-object); to hold; to contain; to grasp; to take hold of", ["抌"] = "to bale out water, to dip", ["抑"] = "to restrain; to restrict; to keep down; or", ["抒"] = "to strain; pour out", ["抓"] = "to grab; to catch; to arrest; to snatch", ["抔"] = "take up in both hands", ["投"] = "to throw; to send", ["抖"] = "shake out; tremble", ["抗"] = "to resist; to fight; to defy", ["折"] = "tenth (in price); to break; to fold; to turn; broken (as of rope, stick)", ["抨"] = "attack; impeach", ["披"] = "scatter; separate; to open; to unroll; to spread out", ["抬"] = "to lift; to raise; (of two or more persons) to carry", ["抱"] = "to hold; to carry (in one's arms); to hug or embrace; surround; cherish", ["抵"] = "hold up; on the whole; push against; to support; to resist; to reach; to arrive; mortgage", ["抶"] = "beat; flog", ["抹"] = "girdle; brassiere; to plaster; play; to smear", ["抻"] = "pull", ["押"] = "detain in custody", ["抽"] = "to draw out; to smoke (cigarettes); to pump", ["抿"] = "purse up (lips); to smooth", ["拂"] = "brush away", ["拄"] = "post; prop", ["拆"] = "to tear open; to tear down; to tear apart; to open", ["拇"] = "thumb", ["拉"] = "to pull; to play (string instruments); to drag; to draw", ["拊"] = "pat", ["拋"] = "to throw; to toss; to fling; to cast; to abandon", ["拌"] = "to mix; mix in; to toss (a salad)", ["拍"] = "to clap; to pat; to beat; to hit; to slap; to take (a picture)", ["拎"] = "to haul; to lift; to take", ["拏"] = "apprehend; take", ["拐"] = "kidnap; to turn", ["拑"] = "pliers; pincers; to clamp", ["拒"] = "to resist; to repel; to refuse", ["拓"] = "expand; support on palm; to develop; to open up; make rubbing", ["拔"] = "pull up; pull out; select; promote", ["拖"] = "dragging (brush stroke in painting); to drag along", ["拗"] = "stubborn; contrary; bend; break in two", ["拘"] = "adhere; capture; restrain", ["拙"] = "awkward; clumsy; dull; inelegant; (polite) my", ["拚"] = "stake all; disregard; reject", ["招"] = "provoke; to recruit", ["拜"] = "to pay respect; worship; visit; salute", ["拫"] = "to pull; to drag; to stop", ["括"] = "enclose; include", ["拭"] = "wipe", ["拯"] = "to raise; to aid; to support; to save; to rescue", ["拱"] = "fold hands in salute; to arch", ["拳"] = "fist", ["拴"] = "tie up", ["拶"] = "punish by squeezing fingers", ["拷"] = "to beat; to flog; to examine by torture", ["拼"] = "piece together; stake (all); spell; join together", ["拽"] = "throw; drag", ["拾"] = "pick up; ten (fraud-proof)", ["拿"] = "to hold; to seize; to catch; to apprehend; to take", ["持"] = "to grasp; to hold; support; manage; direct; maintain", ["挂"] = "hang; suspend", ["指"] = "finger; to point; to direct; to indicate", ["挈"] = "pull out; take family along", ["按"] = "to press (with the hand); to push; to control; to restrain; to check; pressing down (brush movement in painting); according to; in the light of", ["挌"] = "fight", ["挍"] = "compare; criticize", ["挎"] = "carry on one's arm; carry over one's shoulder or slung on one's side", ["挐"] = "apprehend; take", ["挑"] = "incite; carry on a pole; choose", ["挓"] = "to open out; to expand", ["挖"] = "to dig; to excavate; to scoop out", ["挨"] = "next to; suffer (hunger); endure; drag out; delay; stall; play for time; lean to; in order; in sequence", ["挪"] = "to shift; to move", ["挫"] = "be obstructed; fail; oppress; repress; lower the tone; bend back; dampen", ["振"] = "rouse", ["挲"] = "to stroke; to caress; to fondle", ["挶"] = "structure for carrying dirt", ["挹"] = "give up; ladle out; pour out", ["挺"] = "be straight and stiff; rather (good)", ["挽"] = "draw; pull; send funeral ode", ["挾"] = "clasp under the arm; coerce; hold between", ["捂"] = "to cover; to block; to resist", ["捃"] = "gather; to sort", ["捄"] = "to rescue", ["捅"] = "poke through", ["捆"] = "a bunch; tie together; bundle", ["捉"] = "to clutch; to grab; to capture", ["捋"] = "strip (cow, leaves, branch); stroke (beard)", ["捌"] = "complicated form of the numeral eight; split; (''Min'') to know", ["捍"] = "ward off (a blow)", ["捎"] = "bring or take (along)", ["捏"] = "to pinch (with one's fingers); to knead; to make up", ["捐"] = "to contribute; to donate; tax; to abandon", ["捕"] = "to catch; to seize; to capture", ["捗"] = "make progress", ["捘"] = "push", ["捥"] = "to bend the wrist", ["捧"] = "hold or offer with both hands", ["捨"] = "give up; abandon", ["捩"] = "tear; twist", ["捫"] = "lay hands on; to cover", ["捭"] = "weed; spread out; to open", ["捱"] = "dawdle; suffer", ["捲"] = "coil; to roll", ["捶"] = "beat with the fist; to hammer; to cudgel", ["捷"] = "victory; triumph; quick; prompt; rapid", ["捺"] = "(downwards-right concave character stroke); press down firmly", ["捻"] = "twirl (in the fingers)", ["捼"] = "to rub; to crumple", ["捽"] = "seize", ["掀"] = "lift (cover)", ["掂"] = "weigh in the hand", ["掃"] = "broom; to sweep", ["掄"] = "select; whirl (one's arm)", ["掇"] = "pick up", ["授"] = "to teach; to instruct; to award; to give", ["掉"] = "to drop; to fall", ["掊"] = "break up; hit; take up in both hands", ["掌"] = "palm (of hand); in charge of", ["掎"] = "drag", ["掏"] = "fish out (from pocket)", ["掐"] = "pick (flowers); to pinch", ["排"] = "row of logs or boards; a platoon; line up", ["掔"] = "lead along; substantial", ["掖"] = "tuck (in)", ["掗"] = "attach; brandish; hold", ["掘"] = "dig", ["掙"] = "to earn; to make (money); struggle", ["掛"] = "to hang; to put up; to suspend", ["掞"] = "easy; quiet", ["掠"] = "plunder", ["採"] = "to pick; to pluck; to collect; to select; to choose; to gather", ["探"] = "to explore; to search out; to scout; to visit", ["掣"] = "pull; obstruct; hinder; draw", ["掤"] = "arrow-quiver", ["接"] = "to extend; to connect; to receive; to join", ["控"] = "to accuse; to charge; to control; to sue", ["推"] = "push; refuse (responsibility); shove", ["掩"] = "cover up; to surprise", ["措"] = "put in order; arrange; administer; execute; take action on", ["掫"] = "beat the night watches; grasp", ["掮"] = "carry on shoulders", ["掯"] = "take by force", ["掰"] = "to break with both hands", ["掱"] = "pickpocket", ["掽"] = "meet with; to bump", ["掾"] = "official", ["揀"] = "choose; pick up", ["揃"] = "shear", ["揄"] = "draw out; let hanging", ["揅"] = "grind fine; study; research", ["揆"] = "consider; estimate", ["揉"] = "knead; massage; rub", ["揌"] = "to shake", ["揍"] = "beat up; break to pieces", ["揎"] = "pull up sleeves; strike with fists", ["描"] = "depict; to trace (a drawing); to copy; to touch up", ["提"] = "to carry; to lift; to put forward; (upwards character stroke); lifting (brush stroke in painting); to mention; carry (suspended)", ["插"] = "insert; stick in; pierce; to take part in; to interfere; to interpose", ["揕"] = "to hit; to thrust", ["揖"] = "greet (by raising the joined hands)", ["揗"] = "strike, hit with hand; tap", ["揚"] = "hurl; to raise; to scatter", ["換"] = "change; exchange", ["揜"] = "cover up; to surprise", ["揝"] = "to hold in the hand, to grasp; to wring", ["揠"] = "eradicate; pull up", ["握"] = "shake hands; to hold; to grasp", ["揣"] = "estimate; guess; figure; surmise; put into", ["揥"] = "get rid of; ivory hairpin", ["揩"] = "wipe", ["揪"] = "to clutch", ["揫"] = "gather; collect", ["揭"] = "lift off (a cover); divulge", ["揮"] = "scatter; wield; wipe away", ["揰"] = "poke out; punch; push into", ["揲"] = "sort out divining stalks", ["援"] = "to help; to assist; to aid", ["揵"] = "carry", ["揹"] = "carry on one's back", ["搆"] = "implicate; reach to", ["搉"] = "consult; knock; beat", ["搊"] = "pluck (stringed instrument)", ["搌"] = "bind; wipe", ["損"] = "to damage; injure; to lose; to harm", ["搎"] = "to rub with the hand; to stroke", ["搏"] = "fight; combat; seize", ["搐"] = "lead; pull", ["搒"] = "boat; to whip", ["搓"] = "to rub or roll between the hands or fingers; to twist", ["搔"] = "disturb; to scratch", ["搕"] = "to strike; to take in the hand", ["搖"] = "shake; to rock", ["搗"] = "pound; beat; hull; attack; disturb; stir", ["搘"] = "prop up", ["搜"] = "to search", ["搞"] = "to do; to make; to go in for; to set up; to get hold of; to take care of", ["搠"] = "daub; thrust", ["搡"] = "push back; push over", ["搢"] = "shake; stick into; strike", ["搤"] = "hold (strategic position)", ["搥"] = "beat with the fist; to hammer", ["搦"] = "take hold", ["搧"] = "to fan", ["搨"] = "make rubbing", ["搪"] = "keep out", ["搬"] = "remove; transport; move; shift", ["搭"] = "build (scaffolding); take (boat, train); hang; join; match; take passage", ["搯"] = "fish out (from pocket)", ["搰"] = "dig; mix", ["搴"] = "seize", ["搵"] = "press with finger; wipe", ["搶"] = "fight over; to rush; to scramble; to grab; to rob; to snatch; against wind", ["搷"] = "to beat; to winnow", ["搽"] = "apply (ointment, powder); smear; paint on", ["搾"] = "oppress; to extract", ["搿"] = "to hug", ["摀"] = "(v) seal up; muffle", ["摁"] = "to press (with finger)", ["摎"] = "to strangle; to inquire into", ["摑"] = "to slap", ["摒"] = "arrange; drive off; expel", ["摔"] = "throw on ground; to fall", ["摘"] = "to borrow; to pick (flowers, fruit); to pluck; to take; to select", ["摙"] = "to transport; to remove to take", ["摛"] = "to spread (fame); wield (pen)", ["摜"] = "fling; smash", ["摞"] = "pile up", ["摟"] = "to hug; to embrace; graft (money); solicit; to gather; to collect", ["摠"] = "general; in every case; to hold", ["摦"] = "wide; broad", ["摧"] = "break; destroy; devastate; ravage; repress", ["摩"] = "rub", ["摭"] = "pick up; to select", ["摮"] = "to rattle; to shake; to smite", ["摯"] = "sincere", ["摰"] = "to seize with the hand; to grasp. to advance. to breakdown", ["摲"] = "to cut down; mow", ["摳"] = "dig out (with finger); stingy", ["摴"] = "dice; gambling; to release", ["摶"] = "roll round with hand", ["摷"] = "to knock; strike", ["摸"] = "feel with the hand; to touch; to stroke; to grope; to feel (one's pulse); imitate; copy", ["摹"] = "imitate; copy", ["摺"] = "folded document; to fold", ["摻"] = "to grasp; mix", ["摽"] = "to fall; sign; to signal", ["撂"] = "to leave (it)", ["撅"] = "break off; stick up (as a tail)", ["撇"] = "(downwards-left curved character stroke); throw; cast away", ["撈"] = "fish up", ["撊"] = "valiant; wrathful", ["撋"] = "to rub between the hands", ["撏"] = "pull out, pluck; take hold of", ["撐"] = "support; prop-up; to pole a boat; to open; to overfill", ["撒"] = "to scatter; let go", ["撓"] = "to scratch", ["撕"] = "to tear", ["撙"] = "regulate; restrain", ["撚"] = "twirl (in the fingers)", ["撝"] = "wave, brandish; modest, humble", ["撞"] = "to hit; to strike; to meet by accident; to run into; to bump against; to bump into", ["撟"] = "correct", ["撢"] = "to dust", ["撣"] = "brush away; dust off; a brush or duster; to dust", ["撤"] = "remove; take away; withdraw", ["撥"] = "to push aside; to appropriate (money); to move; to set aside; group; batch; to poke; to stir", ["撦"] = "to tear; pull at", ["撩"] = "stitch; take; tease; lift up (skirt); pull up (sleeve)", ["撫"] = "to comfort; touch gently with hand", ["撬"] = "to lift", ["播"] = "sow; scatter; spread; broadcast", ["撮"] = "bring together; little bit; shovel; gather up; pick", ["撰"] = "compose; compile", ["撱"] = "clip; shorten; throw away", ["撲"] = "rush on", ["撳"] = "to press", ["撻"] = "flog; rapid", ["撼"] = "shake; to incite", ["撾"] = "beat", ["撿"] = "pick up; collect; gather", ["擁"] = "(v) gather round; rush in; crowd; throng; to hold; crowded; to support", ["擂"] = "beat (a drum); beat; to grind", ["擄"] = "take captive", ["擅"] = "usurp; without authority", ["擇"] = "pick over; to select; to choose; to pick", ["擉"] = "to pierce; to break through", ["擊"] = "to hit; to strike; to break", ["擋"] = "arrange; put in order; hinder; resist; obstruct; cover; keep off; a cover; to block (a blow); to get in the way of", ["操"] = "to hold; to drill; to exercise; to act; to do; to take in hand; to keep; to manage", ["擎"] = "to raise (hand)", ["擐"] = "pass through; to get into (armour)", ["擒"] = "capture", ["擔"] = "to carry on shoulder; to undertake; shoulder pole; burden; load; responsibility; picul (133.33 lbs.)", ["擖"] = "scrape", ["擗"] = "to beat the breast", ["擘"] = "thumb; break; tear; pierce; split; to analyse", ["據"] = "according to; to act in accordance with; to depend on; to seize; to occupy", ["擠"] = "crowded; to squeeze", ["擢"] = "pull out; select", ["擣"] = "stir; to pound", ["擤"] = "blow nose", ["擦"] = "to wipe; to erase; rubbing (brush stroke in painting); to clean; to polish", ["擩"] = "to stain, to dye", ["擫"] = "to press down", ["擬"] = "plan to", ["擭"] = "trap", ["擯"] = "reject; expel; discard; exclude; renounce", ["擰"] = "mistake; to twist; stubborn; to pinch; wring", ["擱"] = "to place", ["擲"] = "toss", ["擴"] = "enlarge", ["擷"] = "collect", ["擸"] = "to hold, to grasp; to hold the hair; to pull at", ["擺"] = "pendulum; to place; to display; to swing; to oscillate; to show; to move; to exhibit", ["擻"] = "shake; trembling", ["擽"] = "tickle; ticklish, funny", ["擾"] = "disturb", ["擿"] = "to select, to pick out from, to discard", ["攀"] = "climb up; pull", ["攃"] = "preceding", ["攄"] = "set forth; to spread", ["攆"] = "expel", ["攏"] = "collect; draw near to", ["攔"] = "cut off; hinder", ["攖"] = "oppose; to attack", ["攘"] = "throw into confusion", ["攙"] = "assist by the arm; mix; support; sustain", ["攛"] = "rush; stir up; throw; fling; hurry; rage", ["攜"] = "to carry; to take along; to bring along; to hold (hands)", ["攝"] = "assist; collect; absorb", ["攢"] = "collect; hoard; bring together", ["攣"] = "twisted; bent; crooked; cramped", ["攤"] = "spread out; vendor's stand", ["攩"] = "hinder; resist", ["攪"] = "to disturb; to annoy; to mix; to stir", ["攫"] = "seize (bird or animal)", ["攬"] = "monopolize; seize", ["攮"] = "to fend off; to stab", ["支"] = "(a measure word); to support; to sustain; to erect; to raise; branch; division; to draw money", ["攲"] = "up; uneven", ["收"] = "to receive; to accept; to collect; in care of (used on address line after name)", ["攷"] = "examine", ["攸"] = "distant, far; adverbial prefix", ["改"] = "to change; to alter; to transform; to correct", ["攻"] = "to attack; to accuse; to study", ["放"] = "to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out", ["政"] = "political; politics; government", ["敁"] = "to weigh in the hand, to estimate; to shake", ["敃"] = "strong; robust; vigorous", ["故"] = "happening; instance; reason; cause; deceased; old", ["效"] = "effect; efficacy; imitate", ["敉"] = "peaceful", ["敏"] = "keen; sensitive", ["救"] = "to save; to assist; to rescue", ["敔"] = "(ancient mus. instr.)", ["敕"] = "imperial orders", ["敖"] = "ramble", ["敗"] = "be defeated; to defeat; loss", ["敘"] = "narrate", ["教"] = "teach; teaching; religion", ["敜"] = "to fill up or cover up a hole", ["敝"] = "(polite) my; poor; ruined; shabby; worn out; defeated", ["敞"] = "spacious; uncovered", ["敢"] = "dare", ["散"] = "adjourn; scatter; leisurely; loosen; powdered medicine; to scatter; to come loose", ["敦"] = "kindhearted; place name", ["敧"] = "to pick up thing with chopsticks or pincers.", ["敪"] = "to weigh; cut; come without being invited", ["敬"] = "to respect; to venerate; to salute; to offer", ["敲"] = "extort; knock; to strike; to knock (at a door); to hit", ["敳"] = "able (in administrating)", ["整"] = "exactly; in good order; whole; complete; entire; in order; orderly", ["敵"] = "enemy; match", ["敷"] = "announce; apply", ["數"] = "number; figure; to count; to calculate; several; frequently; repeatedly", ["敹"] = "keep tidy and repaired; sew", ["敺"] = "expel; urge on", ["敻"] = "''surname''", ["敿"] = "tie up (laces)", ["斁"] = "be weary of", ["斂"] = "arrange; control oneself; gather", ["斃"] = "die violently", ["文"] = "language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle", ["斌"] = "ornamental; refined", ["斐"] = "''phonetic''; ''surname''; elegant", ["斑"] = "variegated", ["斒"] = "variegated; striped; marbled", ["斕"] = "variegated; particoloured", ["斗"] = "ladle; dipper; small; big; stars", ["料"] = "material; stuff; grain; feed; to expect; to anticipate; to guess", ["斛"] = "5 pecks (M)", ["斜"] = "slanting", ["斝"] = "jade cup with ears", ["斞"] = "a stack of grain; a measure of 16 dou3", ["斟"] = "pour; to deliberate", ["斠"] = "to measure", ["斡"] = "to turn", ["斢"] = "to plunder", ["斤"] = "catty; weight equal to 0.5 kg", ["斥"] = "blame; reprove; reprimand", ["斧"] = "hatchet", ["斨"] = "axe", ["斫"] = "chop; carve wood", ["斬"] = "behead; chop", ["斮"] = "cut off", ["斯"] = "''phonetic''; this", ["新"] = "new; newly; meso- (chem.)", ["斲"] = "chop; carve wood", ["斷"] = "to break; to judge; absolutely; decidedly", ["斸"] = "cut", ["方"] = "square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just", ["於"] = "in; at; to; from; by; than; out of; ''surname''", ["施"] = "distribute (alms); to do; to execute; to carry out", ["斿"] = "scallops along lower edge of flag", ["旁"] = "beside; one side; other; side; self", ["旂"] = "flag", ["旃"] = "felt; silken banner", ["旄"] = "aged; banner decorated with animal's tail", ["旅"] = "trip; travel", ["旆"] = "pennant; streamer", ["旋"] = "lathe; specially for an occasion; revolve", ["旌"] = "banner; make manifest", ["族"] = "race; nationality; ethnicity; clan", ["旐"] = "banner", ["旒"] = "tassel", ["旓"] = "serrated edges on a Chinese flag", ["旗"] = "banner; flag", ["旛"] = "pennant", ["旝"] = "banner, flag, streamer; insignia", ["旟"] = "banner with falcons; mussed up hair", ["旡"] = "choke on something eaten", ["既"] = "already; since; both... (and...)", ["日"] = "day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.)", ["旦"] = "dawn; morning; day-break; day", ["旨"] = "imperial decree; purport; aim; purpose", ["早"] = "early; morning", ["旬"] = "ten days; ten years", ["旭"] = "dawn; rising sun", ["旰"] = "sunset; evening", ["旱"] = "drought; dry", ["旴"] = "dawn", ["旺"] = "prosperous; flourishing; to prosper; to flourish", ["旻"] = "heaven", ["旼"] = "gentle and affable", ["旽"] = "morning sun, sunrise", ["昀"] = "sun light; used in personal name", ["昂"] = "high; soaring; raise; lift; expensive; to raise one's head", ["昃"] = "afternoon; decline", ["昄"] = "great; expansive", ["昆"] = "descendant; elder brother", ["昇"] = "ascend; peaceful", ["昉"] = "dawn; to begin", ["昊"] = "clear summer sky; vast", ["昌"] = "prosperous; flourish", ["明"] = "clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty", ["昏"] = "muddle-headed; twilight; to faint; to lose consciousness", ["昑"] = "bright", ["易"] = "change; easy; simple", ["昔"] = "past; former", ["昕"] = "dawn", ["昜"] = "to open out, to expand; bright, glorious", ["昝"] = "(a dual pronoun) you and me, we two", ["星"] = "star; satellite; small amount", ["映"] = "reflect; shine", ["昡"] = "long day; extended; relaxed", ["昤"] = "sunshine", ["春"] = "spring (time); gay; joyful; youthful; love; lust; life", ["昧"] = "conceal; dark", ["昨"] = "yesterday", ["昫"] = "warm", ["昭"] = "illustrious; manifest", ["是"] = "be; yes; this", ["昱"] = "bright light", ["昳"] = "the declining sun in the west", ["昴"] = "the Pleiades", ["昵"] = "familiar; to approach", ["昶"] = "bright; long day", ["昺"] = "bright; glorious", ["晁"] = "''surname''", ["時"] = "o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period", ["晃"] = "sway; to shade; dazzle", ["晅"] = "light of the sun; to dry in the sun", ["晉"] = "to advance; to be promoted; name of a dynasty and state", ["晌"] = "around noon", ["晏"] = "late; quiet", ["晒"] = "to sun", ["晚"] = "evening; night; late", ["晛"] = "to appear (of sun)", ["晜"] = "descendant; elder brother", ["晝"] = "daytime", ["晞"] = "dawn; dry in the sun", ["晟"] = "brightness of sun; splendour", ["晡"] = "3–5 p.m.", ["晢"] = "bright", ["晤"] = "meet (socially)", ["晥"] = "Anhui province", ["晦"] = "dark; night; unlucky", ["晨"] = "morning; dawn; daybreak", ["晬"] = "1st birthday of a child", ["普"] = "general; popular; everywhere; universal", ["景"] = "bright; circumstance; scenery", ["晰"] = "understanding", ["晴"] = "clear; fine (weather)", ["晶"] = "crystal", ["晷"] = "sunlight; time; sundial", ["智"] = "wisdom; knowledge", ["晾"] = "to dry in the air", ["暄"] = "genial and warm", ["暇"] = "leisure", ["暈"] = "dizzy; ring around moon or sun; confused; giddy; faint; swoon; lose consciousness; pass out", ["暉"] = "bright; radiant", ["暋"] = "strong; vigorous", ["暌"] = "in opposition to; separated from", ["暍"] = "hot", ["暐"] = "the bright shining of the sun", ["暑"] = "heat; hot weather; summer heat", ["暔"] = "name of a country", ["暖"] = "warm; toasty", ["暗"] = "dark; gloomy; hidden; secret", ["暘"] = "rising sun; sunshine", ["暝"] = "(''Southern Min'') night", ["暠"] = "daybreak; bright and brilliant", ["暢"] = "smooth; fluent; joyful; happy", ["暨"] = "and; reach to; the end", ["暫"] = "temporary; temporarily", ["暮"] = "evening; dusk; sunset; (''of time'') late; closing", ["暱"] = "familiar; to approach", ["暲"] = "bright; to rise (of sun)", ["暴"] = "sudden; violent; cruel; to show or expose; to injure", ["暵"] = "dry; hot", ["暸"] = "bright, clear", ["暹"] = "Siam", ["暻"] = "bright", ["暾"] = "sun above the horizon", ["曀"] = "obscure; sun hidden by clouds", ["曄"] = "bright light; to sparkle", ["曆"] = "calendar", ["曇"] = "dark clouds", ["曈"] = "sun about to rise", ["曉"] = "dawn; to know; to tell (someone something)", ["曏"] = "formerly", ["曖"] = "obscure; clandestine", ["曙"] = "dawn; the dawn of a new epoch (metaphor)", ["曚"] = "before day break", ["曛"] = "twilight; sunset", ["曜"] = "dazzle; glorious", ["曝"] = "to air; to sun", ["曠"] = "waste; wilderness", ["曦"] = "light of day", ["曨"] = "bright", ["曩"] = "in former times", ["曬"] = "to sun", ["曰"] = "to speak; to say", ["曲"] = "tune; song; bent; crooked; wrong", ["曳"] = "drag", ["更"] = "to change; more; even more; further; still; still more", ["曷"] = "why; how; when; what; where", ["書"] = "book; letter", ["曹"] = "a company; a class; a generation; ''surname''", ["曼"] = "handsome; large; long", ["曾"] = "(refers to something that happened previously); already; at some time in the past; before; once; great-grand (father)", ["替"] = "to substitute for; to take the place of; to replace; for; on behalf of; to stand in for", ["最"] = "(the) most; -est", ["朁"] = "if, supposing, nevertheless", ["會"] = "to meet; to gather; group; to assemble; association; be able to; be likely to; to balance an account; accounting", ["朅"] = "to leave; abandon", ["月"] = "moon; month", ["有"] = "to have; there is; there are; to exist; to be", ["朊"] = "protein", ["朋"] = "friend", ["服"] = "clothes; dress; garment; submit; take (medicine)", ["朏"] = "crescent moon", ["朐"] = "''surname''", ["朓"] = "scorch; western moon before sunrise", ["朔"] = "beginning; first day of lunar month", ["朕"] = "I; we (imperial use); subtle", ["朗"] = "clear; bright", ["朘"] = "wane, reduce, contract; exploit", ["望"] = "hope; expect; to visit; to gaze (into the distance); look towards; towards", ["朝"] = "morning; to face; towards; facing; direct; a dynasty; the imperial court; Korea, esp. N. Korea (abbrev.)", ["期"] = "a period of time; phase; stage; (used for issue of a periodical, courses of study); time; term; period; to hope", ["朠"] = "colour of the moon", ["朢"] = "15th day of month (lunar calendar)", ["朣"] = "light from the rising moon", ["朦"] = "deceive; indistinct", ["朧"] = "rising moon", ["木"] = "tree; wood", ["未"] = "not yet; 8th [[earthly branch]]; 1–3 p.m.", ["末"] = "end; final stage; latter part", ["本"] = "roots or stems of plants; origin; source; this; the current; root; foundation; basis; (a measure word)", ["札"] = "short note", ["朱"] = "''surname''; vermilion", ["朳"] = "tree", ["朴"] = "Celtis sinensis var. japonica", ["朵"] = "''classifier for flowers''", ["机"] = "machine; opportunity; secret", ["朽"] = "rotten", ["朾"] = "to bump", ["朿"] = "stab", ["杅"] = "bowl; tub", ["杆"] = "measure for guns; pole", ["杇"] = "to plaster; whitewash", ["杈"] = "branches of a tree; fork of a tree; pitchfork", ["杉"] = "(pine); fir", ["杌"] = "low stool", ["李"] = "''surname''; plum", ["杏"] = "apricot", ["材"] = "material", ["村"] = "village", ["杓"] = "ladle; (star)", ["杕"] = "lone-standing tree", ["杖"] = "cane, walking stick", ["杗"] = "ridge-pole in roof", ["杙"] = "post for tethering animals", ["杜"] = "fabricate; restrict; to prevent", ["杝"] = "(tree)", ["杞"] = "(willow); name of a feudal state", ["束"] = "bunch; (a measure word); to bind; to control", ["杠"] = "carrying pole; horizontal bar; footbridge", ["杪"] = "the limit; tip of branch", ["杭"] = "''surname''; Hangzhou", ["杯"] = "drinkware; cup; glass", ["杰"] = "hero; heroic", ["東"] = "east", ["杲"] = "high; sun shines brightly; to shine", ["杳"] = "dark and quiet; disappear", ["杴"] = "(iron) shovel", ["杵"] = "pestle; to poke", ["杶"] = "(tree)", ["杸"] = "to kill; a spear", ["杻"] = "handcuffs; red apricot", ["杼"] = "shuttle of a loom", ["松"] = "pine", ["板"] = "board; plank; plate; slab", ["枉"] = "in the wrong; in vain", ["枋"] = "Santalum album", ["枌"] = "(tree)", ["析"] = "to separate; to divide; to analyse", ["枒"] = "the coconut tree; rim", ["枓"] = "square base for Chinese flagstaff", ["枕"] = "pillow", ["林"] = "woods; forest", ["枘"] = "tenon; tool handle", ["枙"] = "tree knot", ["枚"] = "''classifier for small objects''", ["果"] = "fruit; result", ["枝"] = "branch; (a measure word)", ["枟"] = "wood streaks", ["枯"] = "withered; dried up", ["枰"] = "chess-like game", ["枲"] = "male nettle-hemp", ["枳"] = "(orange); hedge thorn", ["枴"] = "cane", ["枵"] = "empty; hollow of a tree", ["架"] = "to support; frame; rack; framework; measure word for planes, large vehicles, radios, etc.", ["枷"] = "cangue", ["枸"] = "{{taxlink|Hovenia acerba|species}}; ''[[Piper betle]]''", ["枹"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glandulifera|species}}", ["枻"] = "oar; stand for correcting a bow", ["柁"] = "main beam of roof", ["柂"] = "(tree)", ["柃"] = "{{taxlink|Eurya japonica|species}}", ["柄"] = "authority; handle; hilt", ["柅"] = "(tree); to stop", ["柈"] = "plate", ["柎"] = "calyx of flower", ["柏"] = "cypress; cedar; ''surname''", ["某"] = "(used before measure word and noun) some; (a) certain; so and so", ["柑"] = "large tangerine", ["柒"] = "seven (fraud-proof); (''Cantonese'') penis", ["染"] = "to catch (a disease); dye", ["柔"] = "soft", ["柘"] = "{{taxlink|Cudrania tricuspidata|species}}", ["柙"] = "cage; pen; scabbard", ["柚"] = "pomelo; shaddock", ["柜"] = "{{taxlink|Salix multinervis|species}}; cupboard; cabinet; wardrobe", ["柝"] = "watchman's rattle", ["柞"] = "{{vern|jolcham oak}} ({{taxlink|Quercus serrata|species}})", ["柟"] = "{{taxlink|Machilus nanmu|species}}", ["柢"] = "foundation; root", ["柣"] = "threshold", ["柤"] = "(hawthorn); {{taxlink|Chaenomeles japonica|species}}", ["查"] = "to research; to check; to investigate; to examine; to refer to; to search", ["柩"] = "bier", ["柬"] = "card; note; letter", ["柮"] = "wood scraps", ["柯"] = "handle of axe; stem", ["柰"] = "crab-apple; how can one help", ["柱"] = "pillar", ["柲"] = "weapon handle of bamboo strips", ["柳"] = "willow", ["柴"] = "firewood", ["柵"] = "fence", ["柶"] = "spoon; ladle", ["柷"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["柸"] = "to hate; bear grudge", ["柺"] = "old man's staff", ["柿"] = "persimmon", ["栒"] = "cross bar", ["栓"] = "bottle stopper; wooden pin; plug", ["栔"] = "carve; cut", ["栖"] = "to roost; to inhabit; to stay; habitat", ["栗"] = "chestnut", ["栝"] = "{{taxlink|Juniperus chinensis|species}}; measuring-frame", ["栟"] = "{{taxlink|Trachycarpus excelsa|species}}", ["校"] = "school; proofread; to check; to compare", ["栩"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus serrata|species}} ({{vern|jolcham oak}})", ["株"] = "(a measure word, use with plants); trunk of tree", ["栫"] = "fence; palisade", ["栭"] = "tree mushroom", ["栱"] = "post", ["栲"] = "mangrove", ["栳"] = "basket", ["栵"] = "hedge", ["核"] = "nuclear; atomic; stone (of fruit)", ["根"] = "radical (chem.); root; basis", ["栻"] = "(tree)", ["格"] = "frame; rule", ["栽"] = "to force; to stick in; to plant", ["桀"] = "(emperor of Xia dynasty); cruel", ["桁"] = "pole plate; purlin; ridge-pole", ["桂"] = "''[[Cinnamomum cassia]]''; Guangxi Autonomous Region (abbrev.)", ["桃"] = "peach", ["桄"] = "rung of ladder; {{taxlink|Arenga saccharifera|species}}", ["桅"] = "mast", ["框"] = "frame; door frame", ["案"] = "(legal) case; incident; record; file; table", ["桉"] = "{{taxlink|Eucalyptus globulus|species}}", ["桋"] = "(tree)", ["桌"] = "table", ["桎"] = "fetters", ["桐"] = "tung tree", ["桑"] = "mulberry tree", ["桓"] = "''surname''; {{taxlink|Sapindus mukurosi|species}}", ["桔"] = "tangerine; ''[[Platycodon grandiflorus]]''", ["桫"] = "''[[Stewartia pseudocamellia]]''", ["桭"] = "eaves; space between two pillars", ["桮"] = "cup", ["桯"] = "bed side stand", ["桲"] = "quince", ["桴"] = "beam; rafter", ["桶"] = "pail; bucket; bin; barrel", ["桷"] = "rafter; {{taxlink|Malus toringo|species}}", ["桹"] = "(palm)", ["桿"] = "stick; pole", ["梁"] = "beam of roof; bridge", ["梃"] = "a club (weapon)", ["梅"] = "plum flower", ["梆"] = "watchman's rattle", ["梊"] = "squeeze out of; extract", ["梏"] = "braces (med.); fetters; manacles", ["梐"] = "stockade", ["梓"] = "{{taxlink|Catalpa kaempferi|species}}", ["梔"] = "gardenia", ["梗"] = "stem", ["梜"] = "chopstick", ["條"] = "measure word for long, thin things (i.e. ribbon, river, etc.); a strip; item; article", ["梟"] = "brave; owl; {{taxlink|Strix uralensis|species}}", ["梠"] = "beam at the eaves", ["梡"] = "(tree); stand for sacrifice", ["梢"] = "tip of branch", ["梧"] = "{{taxlink|Sterculia platanifolia|species}}", ["梨"] = "pear", ["梩"] = "basket for removing earth; spade", ["梭"] = "shuttle", ["梯"] = "ladder", ["械"] = "tools", ["梱"] = "movable door sill", ["梲"] = "club (weapon); small pillar", ["梳"] = "comb", ["梴"] = "length (of a tree or beam); long", ["梵"] = "Brahma; Sanskrit", ["棄"] = "abandon; relinquish; to discard; to throw away", ["棉"] = "cotton", ["棋"] = "any chess-like game or game requiring strategy", ["棍"] = "stick", ["棐"] = "to strengthen; ''[[Torreya grandis]]''", ["棑"] = "raft; shield; stern of junk", ["棒"] = "a stick; club or cudgel; smart; capable; strong", ["棕"] = "palm tree; palm fibre; brown colour", ["棖"] = "door post", ["棗"] = "jujube", ["棘"] = "thorns", ["棚"] = "shed", ["棜"] = "tray for carrying sacrificial meats", ["棟"] = "roof beam", ["棠"] = "cherry-apple", ["棣"] = "[[Kerria japonica]]", ["棧"] = "warehouse", ["棨"] = "tally for going through a pass", ["棪"] = "(tree)", ["棫"] = "(oak); thorny shrub", ["棬"] = "bowl", ["森"] = "of trees, many", ["棯"] = "jujube tree", ["棰"] = "flog; whip", ["棱"] = "corner; square beam", ["棲"] = "to roost; to inhabit; to stay; habitat", ["棳"] = "small pillars that support the roof, those which rest on the main beam", ["棵"] = "''classifier for plants''", ["棸"] = "''surname''", ["棹"] = "table", ["棺"] = "coffin", ["棻"] = "kind of wood from which perfume is made", ["棼"] = "beams in roof; confused", ["椄"] = "to graft", ["椅"] = "chair", ["椈"] = "''[[Fagus sylvatica]]''", ["椊"] = "to fit a handle into a socket; a plug or cork", ["椋"] = "fruit", ["椌"] = "(wooden mus. instr.)", ["植"] = "to plant", ["椎"] = "spine; a hammer", ["椏"] = "forking branch", ["椐"] = "{{taxlink|Zelkowa acuminata|species}}", ["椑"] = "''[[Fagus sylvatica]]''", ["椒"] = "pepper", ["椓"] = "beat", ["椗"] = "(plant); anchor", ["椪"] = "{{taxlink|Machilus nanmu|species}}, variety of everg", ["椳"] = "the pivots, at the top and bottom of a Chinese door, on which the door turns", ["椴"] = "''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]''", ["椵"] = "(grapefruit)", ["椷"] = "a box; letters", ["椸"] = "clothes-horse", ["椹"] = "fruit of mulberry", ["椽"] = "beam; rafters", ["椿"] = "tree of heaven; {{taxlink|Cedrela chinensis|species}}; father", ["楀"] = "''surname''; (tree)", ["楂"] = "Chinese quince; hawthorn; fell trees; raft; to hew", ["楄"] = "basket-couch in coffin", ["楅"] = "ox yoke placed on the horns", ["楊"] = "''surname''; poplar", ["楎"] = "clothes-horse", ["楓"] = "maple", ["楔"] = "to wedge; wedge", ["楗"] = "door lock", ["楘"] = "ornaments on chariot-shaft", ["楙"] = "{{taxlink|Cydonia japonica|species}}", ["楚"] = "distinct; clear; orderly; pain; suffering; ancient place name; ''surname''", ["楛"] = "broken utensil; (tree)", ["楝"] = "{{taxlink|Melia japonica|species}}", ["楞"] = "corner; square beam", ["楟"] = "tree", ["楠"] = "{{taxlink|Machilus nanmu|species}}", ["楢"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glandulifera|species}}", ["楣"] = "lintel", ["楥"] = "to turn on a lathe", ["楦"] = "block (hat); stretch (shoe)", ["楨"] = "evergreen shrub", ["楩"] = "(tree)", ["楪"] = "small dish; window", ["楫"] = "oar; to row", ["楬"] = "a peg; tally; score", ["業"] = "business; occupation; study", ["楮"] = "{{taxlink|Broussonetia kasinoki|species}}", ["楯"] = "draw forth; horizontal railing", ["楰"] = "(tree)", ["極"] = "utmost; pole; extreme; to reach the limit", ["楷"] = "norm; model; (writing)", ["楸"] = "Catalpa; {{taxlink|Mallotus japonicus|species}}", ["楹"] = "pillar", ["概"] = "general; approximate", ["榃"] = "raised path between fields", ["榆"] = "elm", ["榎"] = "(evergreen shrub); {{taxlink|Celtis sinensis|species}}", ["榔"] = "(tree)", ["榕"] = "banyan tree; {{taxlink|Ficus wightiana|species}}", ["榖"] = "paper mulberry tree", ["榛"] = "hazel tree; {{taxlink|Corylus heterophylla|species}}", ["榜"] = "a notice or announcement; a list of names; public roll of successful examinees", ["榠"] = "Chinese quince", ["榡"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus dentata|species}}", ["榤"] = "a stump on which chickens roost", ["榥"] = "screen", ["榦"] = "tree trunk", ["榧"] = "''[[Torreya grandis]]''", ["榨"] = "salted vegetable; to extract", ["榪"] = "headboard", ["榫"] = "tenon and mortise", ["榭"] = "pavilion", ["榮"] = "glory; honoured", ["榱"] = "small rafter", ["榴"] = "pomegranate", ["榷"] = "footbridge; toll, levy; monopoly", ["榻"] = "couch", ["榼"] = "{{taxlink|Pusaetha scandens|species}}", ["榾"] = "scraps of wood", ["榿"] = "alder", ["槁"] = "dry; rotten (as wood)", ["槃"] = "big; wooden tray", ["槊"] = "long lance", ["構"] = "''[[Broussonetia papyrifera]]''; to construct; to form; to make up; to compose", ["槌"] = "hammer; mallet; pestle", ["槍"] = "gun; firearm; rifle; spear", ["槎"] = "a raft made of bamboo or wood; to fell trees; to hew", ["槐"] = "''[[Styphnolobium japonicum]]'' (syn. {{taxlink|Sophora japonica|species}})", ["槓"] = "carrying pole; horizontal bar", ["槔"] = "water pulley", ["槢"] = "a hard wood", ["槥"] = "coffin", ["槧"] = "wooden tablet; edition", ["槨"] = "outer coffin", ["槱"] = "ritual bonfire", ["槲"] = "oak; {{taxlink|Quercus dentata|species}}", ["槳"] = "oar; paddle", ["槻"] = "zelkova tree", ["槼"] = "{{taxlink|Elaeocarpus japonica|species}}", ["槽"] = "manger; trough; groove", ["槾"] = "(tree)", ["槿"] = "''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]''; transient", ["樁"] = "item; stump; stake; pile", ["樂"] = "music; happy; laugh; cheerful", ["樅"] = "{{taxlink|Abies firma|species}}", ["樊"] = "cage; fence", ["樏"] = "mountain-climbing shoes", ["樑"] = "beam of roof", ["樓"] = "house with more than 1 story; storied building; floor", ["樕"] = "shrub", ["樗"] = "[[Simaroubaceae]]", ["標"] = "the topmost branches of a tree; surface; sign; to mark; (outward) sign; indication; prize; award; bid", ["樛"] = "''surname''; hang down", ["樞"] = "hinge; pivot", ["樟"] = "camphor; ''[[Cinnamomum camphora]]''", ["樠"] = "elm; gum", ["模"] = "imitate; model; norm; pattern", ["樣"] = "manner; pattern; way; appearance; shape", ["樧"] = "{{taxlink|Zanthoxylum ailanthoides|species}}", ["樲"] = "acid variety of jujube plum", ["樴"] = "stake; picket", ["樵"] = "firewood; gather wood", ["樸"] = "Pak or Park (Korean surname); plain and simple", ["樹"] = "tree", ["樺"] = "{{taxlink|Betula japonica|species}}", ["樽"] = "goblet; bottle; wine-jar", ["樾"] = "shade of trees", ["樿"] = "(wood)", ["橁"] = "{{taxlink|Fraxinus bungeana|species}}", ["橆"] = "without, apart from, none; a negative", ["橈"] = "bent or twisted piece of wood", ["橋"] = "bridge", ["橐"] = "sack; tube for blowing fire", ["橕"] = "a prop; a shore", ["橘"] = "tangerine", ["橙"] = "orange tree; the colour orange; orange", ["橚"] = "tall and straight (of trees)", ["橛"] = "a peg; low post", ["機"] = "machine; opportunity; secret", ["橡"] = "{{vern|jolcham oak}} ({{taxlink|Quercus serrata|species}})", ["橢"] = "ellipse", ["橤"] = "dangle; hang loosely", ["橧"] = "dwelling on top of wooden stakes", ["橫"] = "unruly; horizontal; across; (horizontal character stroke)", ["橿"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glauca|species}}", ["檀"] = "sandal wood", ["檁"] = "cross-beam; ridge-pole", ["檄"] = "dispatch; order", ["檇"] = "wooden pestle or rammer", ["檉"] = "tamarisk", ["檍"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glauca|species}}", ["檐"] = "eaves", ["檑"] = "logs rolled down in defence of city", ["檔"] = "cross-piece; official records; grade (of goods); file; records; shelves", ["檖"] = "(tree)", ["檗"] = "{{taxlink|Phyllodendron amurense|species}}", ["檜"] = "{{taxlink|Juniperus chinensis|species}}", ["檟"] = "{{taxlink|Thea sinensis|species}}", ["檠"] = "instrument for straightening bows", ["檢"] = "to check; to examine; to inspect", ["檣"] = "boom; mast", ["檨"] = "mango", ["檬"] = "lemon", ["檮"] = "blockhead; wood-block", ["檯"] = "table; desk", ["檴"] = "(tree)", ["檸"] = "lemon", ["檻"] = "door sill; threshold; bar; railing", ["櫂"] = "oar, scull, paddle; row", ["櫃"] = "cupboard; cabinet; wardrobe", ["櫌"] = "harrow", ["櫓"] = "sculling oar", ["櫚"] = "", ["櫛"] = "comb out; weed out, eliminate", ["櫜"] = "weapon case", ["櫝"] = "cabinet; case; casket", ["櫞"] = "''[[Citrus medica]]''", ["櫟"] = "{{vern|jolcham oak}} ({{taxlink|Quercus serrata|species}})", ["櫥"] = "a wardrobe; case; cabinet", ["櫧"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glanca|species}}", ["櫨"] = "capital (of column); smoke tree", ["櫪"] = "stable", ["櫫"] = "{{taxlink|Zelkova acuminata|species}}", ["櫬"] = "{{taxlink|Sterculia plantanifolia|species}}; coffin", ["櫱"] = "shoots from an old stump", ["櫳"] = "bar; cage; gratings", ["櫸"] = "{{taxlink|Zeikowa acuminata|species}}", ["櫺"] = "lattice", ["櫻"] = "cherry", ["欃"] = "''[[Santalum album]]''; comet", ["欄"] = "fence; railing; hurdle; column; box (as on a document)", ["權"] = "authority; power; right", ["欐"] = "beam", ["欑"] = "gather", ["欒"] = "{{taxlink|Koelreuteria paniculata|species}}", ["欖"] = "olive", ["欙"] = "sedan", ["欞"] = "the lattice of a window a sill, a lintel", ["欠"] = "deficient; owe; to lack; yawn", ["次"] = "number of times; order; sequence; next; second(ary); (measure word)", ["欣"] = "happy", ["欨"] = "to blow or breathe upon to smile", ["欬"] = "cough; sound of laughter", ["欲"] = "desire; longing; appetite; wish", ["欷"] = "to sob", ["欹"] = "interjection", ["欺"] = "take unfair advantage of; to deceive; to cheat", ["欻"] = "suddenly; (onomat.); a crashing sound", ["欼"] = "drink", ["欽"] = "royal", ["款"] = "section; paragraph; funds", ["欿"] = "discontented with oneself", ["歁"] = "unsatisfied (of eating)", ["歃"] = "drink", ["歆"] = "pleased; moved", ["歇"] = "to rest", ["歈"] = "songs", ["歉"] = "apologize; deficient; to regret", ["歊"] = "vapour; steam", ["歌"] = "song", ["歎"] = "to sigh", ["歐"] = "''surname''; Europe", ["歔"] = "to snort", ["歕"] = "to puff; to spout", ["歙"] = "name of a district in Anhui", ["歛"] = "arrange; control oneself; gather", ["歜"] = "(person); angry", ["歟"] = "(interrog. part.)", ["歠"] = "sip; suck", ["歡"] = "joyous; happy; pleased", ["止"] = "to stop; prohibit; till", ["正"] = "just (right); main; upright; straight; correct; principle; Chinese 1st month of year", ["此"] = "this; these", ["步"] = "a step; a pace; walk; march; stages in a process", ["武"] = "martial; military", ["歧"] = "divergent; side road", ["歪"] = "askew", ["歲"] = "year; years old; (a measure word)", ["歷"] = "to experience; to undergo; to pass through; all; each; every; calendar", ["歸"] = "to go back; to return", ["歹"] = "bad; wicked; evil", ["死"] = "to die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid", ["歾"] = "to end; to die", ["歿"] = "to end; to die", ["殀"] = "die young, die prematurely", ["殂"] = "die", ["殃"] = "calamity", ["殄"] = "exterminate", ["殆"] = "dangerous; perilous; endanger; almost; probably; only", ["殈"] = "damage egg so it does not hatch", ["殉"] = "buried with dead; die for a cause", ["殊"] = "unique", ["殍"] = "die of starvation", ["殑"] = "swoon", ["殖"] = "grow; reproduce", ["殗"] = "sickness; repeated", ["殘"] = "destroy; spoil; ruin; injure; cruel; oppressive; savage; incomplete; disabled", ["殙"] = "to die by taking poison", ["殛"] = "put to death", ["殞"] = "perish; die", ["殢"] = "fatigue", ["殣"] = "die of hunger", ["殤"] = "die prematurely", ["殪"] = "exterminate", ["殫"] = "entirely; to exhaust", ["殭"] = "stiff (corpse)", ["殮"] = "prepare body for coffin", ["殯"] = "a funeral; to encoffin a corpse; to carry to burial", ["殰"] = "an abortion; stillborn", ["殲"] = "annihilate", ["殳"] = "''surname''; spear", ["段"] = "paragraph; section; segment", ["殷"] = "''surname''; dynasty; flourishing; roll of thunder; dark red", ["殺"] = "to kill; to murder; to slaughter", ["殼"] = "shell", ["殽"] = "mixed; viands", ["殿"] = "palace hall", ["毀"] = "to destroy; to damage; to ruin", ["毅"] = "perseverance", ["毆"] = "brawl", ["毈"] = "infertile egg", ["毋"] = "no; not", ["母"] = "female; mother", ["每"] = "each; every", ["毒"] = "poison; narcotics", ["毓"] = "to nourish; to rear", ["比"] = "side by side; compare; to gesture; than; ratio", ["毖"] = "careful; prevent", ["毗"] = "adjoin; border", ["毘"] = "adjoin; border", ["毚"] = "cunning; artful", ["毛"] = "hair; fur; one tenth of a yuan or dollar", ["毧"] = "down; felt", ["毫"] = "hair; drawing brush; (in the) least; one thousandth", ["毬"] = "ball", ["毯"] = "blanket; rug", ["毳"] = "fine animal hair", ["毷"] = "restless", ["毽"] = "jianzi", ["毿"] = "long-haired; shaggy", ["氂"] = "tail; tuft of hair", ["氄"] = "down or fine hair", ["氅"] = "overcoat", ["氈"] = "felt", ["氉"] = "restless, melancholy", ["氏"] = "clan name; maiden name", ["氐"] = "foundation; on the whole; name of an ancient tribe", ["民"] = "the people; nationality; citizen", ["氓"] = "people; vagrant; ruffian", ["气"] = "air; anger; gas", ["氕"] = "protium", ["氖"] = "neon", ["氘"] = "deuterium", ["氙"] = "xenon", ["氚"] = "tritium", ["氛"] = "miasma; vapour", ["氝"] = "neon", ["氟"] = "fluorine", ["氡"] = "radon", ["氣"] = "gas; air; smell; weather; vital breath; to make someone angry; to get angry; to be enraged", ["氥"] = "xenon", ["氦"] = "helium", ["氧"] = "oxygen", ["氨"] = "ammonia", ["氪"] = "krypton", ["氫"] = "hydrogen", ["氬"] = "argonium", ["氮"] = "nitrogen", ["氯"] = "chlorine", ["氰"] = "cyanogen; ethane dinitrile", ["氳"] = "heavy atmosphere", ["水"] = "water; river", ["永"] = "forever; always; perpetual(ly)", ["氾"] = "extensive; to overflow", ["氿"] = "mountain spring", ["汀"] = "sand-bank", ["汁"] = "juice", ["求"] = "to seek; to look for; to request; to demand; to beseech", ["汆"] = "boil for a short time", ["汊"] = "branching stream", ["汋"] = "to pour", ["汍"] = "shed tears", ["汎"] = "broad; vast; float; pan-", ["汐"] = "night tides; evening ebbtide", ["汔"] = "near", ["汕"] = "Swatow", ["汗"] = "perspiration; sweat", ["汛"] = "high water; sprinkle water", ["汜"] = "stream which returns after branching", ["汝"] = "thou", ["汞"] = "mercury", ["江"] = "river", ["池"] = "pond; reservoir", ["污"] = "dirt; filth", ["汧"] = "name of a river in Shangdong; marsh; float", ["汨"] = "name of a river", ["汩"] = "confused; extinguished", ["汪"] = "expanse of water; ooze; barking", ["汭"] = "river-bend", ["汰"] = "to discard; to eliminate; too", ["汲"] = "draw water from well", ["汳"] = "Henan; name of an ancient river", ["汴"] = "name of a river in Henan; Henan", ["汶"] = "name of a river", ["決"] = "breach (a dyke); to decide; to determine", ["汽"] = "steam; vapour", ["汾"] = "name of a river", ["沁"] = "name of a river", ["沂"] = "name of a river", ["沃"] = "fertile; rich", ["沄"] = "rushing of a torrent", ["沅"] = "name of a river", ["沆"] = "a ferry; fog; flowing", ["沇"] = "''surname''", ["沈"] = "sink; ''surname''; place name", ["沉"] = "submerge; immerse; sink; deep; profound; to lower; to drop", ["沌"] = "confused; turbid", ["沍"] = "congealed; frozen", ["沏"] = "to steep (tea)", ["沐"] = "bathe; cleanse; receive favours", ["沒"] = "have not; drowned; to end; to die; to inundate", ["沓"] = "again and again; many", ["沔"] = "inundation; name of a river", ["沕"] = "abstruse; profound", ["沖"] = "strong; powerful; forceful; dynamic; to punch; to rinse; to collide; to water; to rush; to dash (against); to wash out; to charge; highway; public road", ["沘"] = "name of a river", ["沙"] = "granule; hoarse; raspy; sand; powder; tsar", ["沚"] = "islet", ["沛"] = "copious; abundant", ["沫"] = "foam; suds", ["沬"] = "dawn; place name", ["沭"] = "river in Shandong", ["沮"] = "destroy; to stop", ["沰"] = "to let drop", ["沱"] = "tearful; to branch (of river)", ["河"] = "river", ["沴"] = "miasma", ["沷"] = "to remove evil; to cleanse; to wash away", ["沸"] = "boil", ["油"] = "oil; sly", ["沺"] = "turbulent", ["治"] = "to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); cure; treatment; to heal", ["沼"] = "pond; pool", ["沽"] = "buy; sell", ["沾"] = "infected by; moisten; receive favours", ["沿"] = "riverside (with -r); along", ["況"] = "moreover; situation", ["泂"] = "vast", ["泄"] = "divulge; leak out", ["泅"] = "submerge; swim under water", ["泆"] = "licentious, libertine, dissipate", ["泉"] = "fountain; spring", ["泊"] = "to anchor; touch at; to moor", ["泌"] = "secrete; pour off", ["泐"] = "write", ["泑"] = "the vitreous glaze on china, porcelain, etc.", ["泒"] = "name of a river", ["泓"] = "clear; vast and deep", ["泔"] = "slop from rinsing rice", ["法"] = "law; method; way; Buddhist teaching; Legalist; France (abbrev.)", ["泖"] = "still water", ["泗"] = "place name; snivel", ["泙"] = "sound of water splashing", ["泚"] = "clear; bright and brilliant; swea", ["泛"] = "float; general; vague", ["泜"] = "a river in Hebei province", ["泝"] = "go upstream; trace the source", ["泠"] = "''surname''; sound of water flowing", ["泡"] = "to steep; soak; bubble(s); foam; puffed; swollen", ["波"] = "wave; (''Cantonese'') ball", ["泣"] = "to sob", ["泥"] = "restrained; mud; paste; pulp", ["注"] = "to inject; to pour into; to concentrate; to pay attention; to note; to comment on; to record; to register; to annotate", ["泩"] = "rising of water", ["泫"] = "weep", ["泭"] = "a raft", ["泮"] = "melt", ["泯"] = "obliterate; submerge", ["泰"] = "safe; peaceful; most; Thai(land); grand", ["泱"] = "agitated (wind, cloud); boundless", ["泲"] = "clear wine; name of a river", ["泳"] = "swimming; to swim", ["泵"] = "pump", ["洄"] = "eddy; whirlpool", ["洊"] = "flowing water; successive", ["洋"] = "ocean; foreign", ["洌"] = "pure; cleanse", ["洎"] = "to reach; when", ["洏"] = "to flow (as water; tears)", ["洑"] = "undercurrent eddy", ["洒"] = "spill; sprinkle", ["洗"] = "to wash; to bathe", ["洙"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["洚"] = "flood", ["洛"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["洞"] = "cave; hole", ["洟"] = "snivel", ["津"] = "Tianjin; ferry", ["洧"] = "name of a river", ["洨"] = "river in hebei province", ["洩"] = "divulge; leak out", ["洪"] = "flood", ["洫"] = "to ditch; a moat", ["洮"] = "cleanse; name of a river", ["洱"] = "name of a river", ["洲"] = "continent; island", ["洳"] = "damp, boggy, marshy", ["洴"] = "wash; bleach (fabric)", ["洵"] = "truly; whirlpool", ["洶"] = "torrential rush; tumultuous", ["洸"] = "sparkling water", ["洹"] = "name of a river", ["洺"] = "name of a river", ["活"] = "to live; alive; living; work; workmanship", ["洼"] = "winding ditch", ["洽"] = "accord; make contact", ["派"] = "clique; school; group; faction; to dispatch", ["洿"] = "dig (a pond); stagnant water", ["流"] = "to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move", ["浙"] = "Zhejiang", ["浚"] = "deepen; enlighten; profound", ["浜"] = "stream; creek", ["浠"] = "name of a river in Hubei", ["浡"] = "full; gushing (of fountain)", ["浣"] = "to wash; to rinse; 10 day period in the month (during Tang dynasty)", ["浤"] = "sound of water surging", ["浥"] = "damp; moist", ["浦"] = "riverside; river mouth", ["浩"] = "grand; vast (water)", ["浪"] = "wave; breaker; unrestrained; dissipated", ["浬"] = "nautical mile", ["浭"] = "name of a river in Hebei", ["浮"] = "to float", ["浰"] = "attend (official functions)", ["浴"] = "bath; to bathe", ["海"] = "ocean; sea", ["浸"] = "immerse; soak; steep", ["浼"] = "ask a favour of", ["涂"] = "to smear; daub; to apply (paint); to spread", ["涅"] = "blacken", ["涇"] = "name of a river", ["消"] = "consume; news; subside; to disappear; to vanish", ["涉"] = "involve; concern; wade; to experience", ["涊"] = "muddy water", ["涌"] = "bubble up; rush forth", ["涎"] = "saliva; shamelessly", ["涑"] = "name of a river", ["涒"] = "planet Jupiter; vomit", ["涓"] = "brook; to select", ["涔"] = "overflow; rainwater; tearful", ["涕"] = "nasal mucus; tears", ["涘"] = "river bank", ["涪"] = "name of a river", ["涬"] = "watery expanse", ["涮"] = "rinse", ["涯"] = "border; horizon; shore", ["液"] = "liquid; fluid", ["涴"] = "to soil", ["涵"] = "contain", ["涷"] = "rainstorm", ["涸"] = "to dry; to dry up", ["涼"] = "cool; cold", ["涿"] = "place name", ["淀"] = "shallow water", ["淄"] = "black; name of a river", ["淅"] = "sound of rain; sleet etc.", ["淇"] = "name of a river", ["淊"] = "drown; submerge", ["淋"] = "diseases of the bladder; to drain; to drip", ["淌"] = "drip; to shed (tears)", ["淒"] = "intense cold; mournful", ["淓"] = "name of a river", ["淖"] = "slush; mud", ["淘"] = "cleanse; eliminate; to clean out; to wash", ["淙"] = "noise of water", ["淚"] = "tears", ["淜"] = "roar of dashing waves", ["淝"] = "name of a river", ["淞"] = "name of a river", ["淟"] = "turbid; muddy", ["淠"] = "luxuriant (of water plants)", ["淡"] = "insipid; diluted; weak; light in colour; tasteless; fresh; indifferent; nitrogen", ["淢"] = "moat; swift current", ["淤"] = "silt", ["淥"] = "clear (water); strain liquids", ["淦"] = "name of a river", ["淨"] = "clean; completely; only", ["淩"] = "''surname''; encroach; soar", ["淪"] = "perish", ["淫"] = "excessive; wanton; lewd; kinky; obscene", ["淬"] = "dip into water; to temper", ["淮"] = "name of a river", ["淰"] = "calm water", ["深"] = "deep; profound", ["淳"] = "genuine; pure; honest", ["淵"] = "abyss", ["淶"] = "brook; ripple", ["混"] = "to mix; to get along; thoughtless; confused; dirty; mix", ["淹"] = "drown; submerge", ["淺"] = "shallow; sound of moving water", ["添"] = "to add; to increase; to replenish", ["淼"] = "a flood; infinity", ["清"] = "clear; distinct; complete; pure", ["渙"] = "disperse expansive (of river)", ["渚"] = "islet; bank", ["減"] = "to lower; to decrease; to reduce; to subtract; to diminish", ["渝"] = "Chongqing", ["渟"] = "stagnant water", ["渠"] = "big; stream or canal; drain; ditch", ["渡"] = "to cross; to pass through; to ferry", ["渢"] = "buoyant; floating", ["渣"] = "dregs", ["渤"] = "Bohai Sea", ["渥"] = "enrich; moisten", ["渦"] = "eddy; whirlpool; name of a river", ["渧"] = "to drop, as liquids; a drop", ["渨"] = "a cove, a bay; a bend or nook in the hills; the curve of a bow", ["渫"] = "''surname''; get rid of; scatter", ["測"] = "side; to lean; to survey; to measure; conjecture", ["渭"] = "name of a river", ["渮"] = "place name", ["港"] = "harbour; Hong Kong (abbrev.)", ["渰"] = "(of cloud) forming or rising", ["渲"] = "wash (colour)", ["渴"] = "thirsty", ["游"] = "to walk; to tour; to roam; to swim; to travel", ["渺"] = "vague; remote", ["渼"] = "ripple pattern", ["渾"] = "muddy", ["湃"] = "to soak something in cold water to cool", ["湄"] = "brink; edge", ["湅"] = "boil raw silk", ["湊"] = "assemble; put together; press near; come together", ["湋"] = "to flow back (of water)", ["湍"] = "to rush (of water)", ["湎"] = "drunk", ["湑"] = "abundant; bright; strain spirits", ["湓"] = "flowing of water; name of a river", ["湔"] = "cleanse; name of a river", ["湖"] = "lake", ["湘"] = "name of a river; Hunan province (abbrev.)", ["湛"] = "deep; clear (water)", ["湜"] = "clear water; pure", ["湝"] = "flowing (of water)", ["湞"] = "river in Guangdong province", ["湟"] = "name of a river", ["湢"] = "public bathhouse", ["湣"] = "mixed, confused; pity", ["湧"] = "bubble up; rush forth", ["湩"] = "muddy, turbid; milk", ["湫"] = "marsh", ["湮"] = "to submerge", ["湯"] = "soup; hot water", ["湱"] = "dashing of waves", ["湲"] = "rushing (water)", ["溈"] = "name of a river in Shanxi", ["溉"] = "irrigate", ["溎"] = "name of a river", ["溏"] = "noncoagulative; pond", ["源"] = "root; source; origin", ["準"] = "accurate; standard", ["溘"] = "suddenly", ["溛"] = "to form hollow; pit", ["溜"] = "slip away; to skate", ["溝"] = "ditch; gutter", ["溟"] = "drizzle; sea", ["溠"] = "name of a river", ["溢"] = "overflow", ["溤"] = "name of a river", ["溥"] = "extensive; pervading", ["溦"] = "drizzle; (variant) valley; (variant) mould", ["溧"] = "name of a river", ["溪"] = "creek", ["溫"] = "(luke)warm; to review", ["溮"] = "river in Henan province", ["溯"] = "go upstream; trace the source", ["溱"] = "name of a river", ["溲"] = "urinate", ["溳"] = "river name", ["溴"] = "bromine", ["溶"] = "dissolve", ["溷"] = "disordered; privy", ["溺"] = "urinate; urine; drown; indulge; be addicted to", ["溼"] = "wet", ["溽"] = "damp; muggy", ["溾"] = "light rain", ["滁"] = "name of a river", ["滂"] = "rushing (water)", ["滃"] = "float (of clouds)", ["滄"] = "blue; green (colour of water); cold; vast (of water)", ["滅"] = "extinguish", ["滇"] = "Yunnan", ["滉"] = "bright expanse of water", ["滊"] = "[not in any dict., assumed var.]", ["滋"] = "excite; nourish; this", ["滌"] = "wash; cleanse", ["滎"] = "place name", ["滏"] = "name of a river in Hebei", ["滑"] = "comical; cunning; slippery; smooth", ["滓"] = "dregs; sediment", ["滔"] = "overflow; torrent-dash", ["滕"] = "''surname''; place name", ["滘"] = "place name in Guangdong", ["滫"] = "water in which rice was boiled", ["滬"] = "Shanghai", ["滮"] = "flowing of water", ["滯"] = "sluggish", ["滲"] = "to seep; to ooze; to horrify", ["滴"] = "a drop; to drip", ["滷"] = "brine; salt; gravy", ["滸"] = "bank of a river", ["滹"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["滾"] = "to boil; to roll", ["滿"] = "to fill; to fulfil; filled; packed; Manchurian", ["漁"] = "fisherman; to fish", ["漂"] = "to bleach; elegant; polished; to float; to drift", ["漆"] = "paint; lacquer", ["漈"] = "river bank", ["漉"] = "strain liquids", ["漊"] = "drizzle", ["漎"] = "a place where small streams flow into a large one", ["漏"] = "funnel; to leak; to let out; to divulge", ["漓"] = "pattering (of rain); seep through", ["演"] = "to develop; to evolve; to practise; to perform; to play; to act", ["漕"] = "transport by water; watercourse; canal", ["漘"] = "shore", ["漙"] = "heavy dew", ["漚"] = "steep; bubble; froth", ["漠"] = "desert; unconcerned", ["漢"] = "Chinese; name of a dynasty; man", ["漣"] = "ripple; tearful", ["漦"] = "go with current; mucus; spittle", ["漩"] = "eddy", ["漪"] = "ripple", ["漫"] = "free; unrestrained; inundate", ["漬"] = "saturate; soak", ["漭"] = "vast; expansive (of water)", ["漯"] = "name of a river", ["漰"] = "noise of dashing waves", ["漱"] = "to gargle; rinse (mouth); to wash; to scour", ["漲"] = "to swell; distend; to rise (of prices, rivers, etc.)", ["漳"] = "name of a river", ["漵"] = "name of a river", ["漶"] = "indecipherable", ["漷"] = "clashing of two currents", ["漸"] = "gradual; gradually; imbue", ["漼"] = "having the appearance of depth", ["漾"] = "overflow; swirl, ripple; be tossed", ["漿"] = "starch paste; broth; serum; to starch", ["潀"] = "gather; flow into (water); sound of waters flowing together", ["潁"] = "name of a river", ["潎"] = "rippling; pour", ["潏"] = "bubble up", ["潑"] = "splash; to spill; violent", ["潔"] = "clean", ["潕"] = "river in Henan", ["潗"] = "friendly; harmonious", ["潘"] = "''surname''", ["潚"] = "sound of rain and wind", ["潛"] = "hidden; latent; secret; to hide; to conceal; to submerge", ["潝"] = "agree", ["潞"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["潟"] = "saline land", ["潠"] = "spurt out of the mouth", ["潢"] = "dye paper; lake; pond; mount scroll", ["潤"] = "smooth; moist", ["潦"] = "flooded; heavy rain", ["潭"] = "deep; deep pool; pit", ["潮"] = "tide; current; damp; moist; humid", ["潯"] = "name of a river; steep bank", ["潰"] = "be dispersed; break down", ["潲"] = "driving rain; to sprinkle", ["潸"] = "tearfully", ["潺"] = "flow; trickle (of water)", ["潼"] = "high; name of a pass", ["潾"] = "clear (as of water)", ["潿"] = "still water", ["澀"] = "grating (of surfaces); tart; acerbic", ["澂"] = "clear and still water", ["澄"] = "settle (liquid); clear; limpid; clarify; purify; ''surname''", ["澆"] = "to water", ["澇"] = "flooded", ["澈"] = "clear (water); thorough", ["澉"] = "place name; wash", ["澌"] = "drain dry; to exhaust", ["澍"] = "moisture; timely rain", ["澐"] = "river waves", ["澒"] = "vast; infinite", ["澔"] = "grand; vast (of water)", ["澗"] = "mountain stream", ["澠"] = "name of a river in Shandong", ["澡"] = "bath", ["澣"] = "cleanse; bathe", ["澤"] = "beneficence; marsh", ["澥"] = "become watery; creek", ["澦"] = "place name in Sichuan", ["澧"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["澨"] = "bank; shore; name of a river", ["澬"] = "to rain continuously", ["澮"] = "drain; stream", ["澰"] = "full of water; trough", ["澱"] = "sediment; precipitate", ["澳"] = "deep bay; cove; bay; harbour; Australia (abbrev.); Macao", ["澴"] = "to return (of waves)", ["澶"] = "still (as of water); still water", ["澹"] = "tranquil; placid; quiet", ["澼"] = "bleach; to clean", ["激"] = "to arouse; to incite; to excite; to stimulate; sharp; fierce; violent", ["濁"] = "impure; muddy", ["濂"] = "name of a river in Hunan", ["濃"] = "concentrated; dense", ["濆"] = "edge of water", ["濇"] = "grating (of surfaces)", ["濈"] = "many", ["濉"] = "name of a river", ["濊"] = "vast; expansive (as of water)", ["濔"] = "many; numerous", ["濕"] = "moist; wet", ["濘"] = "muddy", ["濛"] = "drizzle; mist", ["濜"] = "river in Hubei province", ["濟"] = "aid; ferry; frugal", ["濠"] = "trench", ["濡"] = "dilatory; to moisten", ["濤"] = "big wave", ["濩"] = "cook; dashing of water", ["濫"] = "excessive; indiscriminate", ["濬"] = "deepen; enlighten; profound", ["濮"] = "name of a river", ["濯"] = "rinse; to cleanse", ["濰"] = "name of a river", ["濱"] = "shore; beach; coast; bank", ["濲"] = "name of a river in Hunan", ["濺"] = "splash", ["濼"] = "name of a river", ["濾"] = "to strain; to filter", ["瀁"] = "ripples", ["瀅"] = "clear; limpid (of water)", ["瀆"] = "ditch; trouble (some one to do)", ["瀉"] = "to flow (out) swiftly; diarrhoea", ["瀋"] = "place name; pour", ["瀌"] = "copious (of rain; snow)", ["瀍"] = "name of a river", ["瀏"] = "clear; deep (of water); swift", ["瀑"] = "waterfall; shower (rain)", ["瀔"] = "river name in Henan province", ["瀕"] = "near", ["瀘"] = "name of a river in Jiangxi; place name", ["瀚"] = "ocean; vastness", ["瀛"] = "ocean", ["瀝"] = "drip", ["瀟"] = "river name; sound of rain and wind", ["瀠"] = "eddy; small river", ["瀡"] = "slippery", ["瀣"] = "mist; vapour", ["瀦"] = "place where water stays", ["瀧"] = "name of a river in Guangdong; torrential (rain)", ["瀨"] = "name of a river; rushing of water", ["瀰"] = "overflowing", ["瀲"] = "full of water; trough", ["瀳"] = "to arrive (of water)", ["瀵"] = "name of a river; valley vapour", ["瀹"] = "cleanse; to boil", ["瀺"] = "sound of water", ["瀼"] = "dewy", ["瀾"] = "swelling water", ["灃"] = "name of a river", ["灄"] = "name of a river", ["灉"] = "name of a river; sluice", ["灌"] = "irrigate; pour", ["灑"] = "spill; sprinkle", ["灒"] = "to spatter, to splash, to scatter", ["灕"] = "name of a river; seep through", ["灘"] = "beach; shoal", ["灝"] = "vast (of water)", ["灞"] = "name of a river", ["灠"] = "pickle fruits", ["灢"] = "muddy; thick, muddy water", ["灣"] = "bay; gulf", ["灤"] = "name of a river", ["灥"] = "a group of springs", ["灨"] = "the River Gan in Jiangxi", ["灩"] = "tossing of billows", ["火"] = "fire; angry; fierce; fiery; thriving", ["灰"] = "grey; ash", ["灴"] = "to bake, to roast; to dry at a fire", ["灶"] = "kitchen stove", ["灸"] = "cauterize; moxibustion", ["灺"] = "candle stub", ["灼"] = "brilliant; cauterize", ["災"] = "disaster; calamity", ["炅"] = "''surname''", ["炊"] = "dress food; to steam; to cook food", ["炎"] = "flame; inflammation; -itis", ["炒"] = "saute; pan-fry; to fry; fried", ["炔"] = "alkyne", ["炕"] = "kang (a heatable brick bed)", ["炖"] = "stew slowly", ["炘"] = "mid-day glare; heat", ["炙"] = "broil", ["炤"] = "''surname''; shine on", ["炫"] = "dazzle; to show off", ["炬"] = "torch", ["炭"] = "charcoal", ["炮"] = "cannon; gun; firecracker", ["炯"] = "bright; clear", ["炰"] = "to roast", ["炱"] = "soot", ["炳"] = "bright; brilliant; luminous", ["炷"] = "candlewick; incense stick", ["炸"] = "explode; fry", ["為"] = "because of; for; to; act as; take...to be; to be; to do; to serve as; to become", ["烈"] = "ardent; intense; split; crack; rend", ["烊"] = "molten; smelt", ["烋"] = "to boil or fumigate", ["烏"] = "a crow; black; not; empty; void", ["烓"] = "three-cornered stove", ["烔"] = "hot; heated", ["烘"] = "bake; heat by fire", ["烙"] = "bake; flat iron; large cake", ["烜"] = "brilliant", ["烝"] = "advance; many; steam", ["烤"] = "to roast; bake; to broil", ["烯"] = "alkene", ["烳"] = "to travel by the light of torch", ["烴"] = "hydrocarbon", ["烷"] = "alkane", ["烹"] = "cuisine; cooking", ["烺"] = "blaze; light", ["烽"] = "beacon fire", ["焄"] = "fumes from sacrifice", ["焉"] = "where; how", ["焊"] = "welding", ["焌"] = "set fire", ["焓"] = "enthalpy", ["焙"] = "to dry over a fire; to bake", ["焚"] = "burn", ["焜"] = "brilliant", ["焞"] = "dim", ["焠"] = "to temper (as steel)", ["無"] = "not have", ["焦"] = "burnt; scorched; worried; anxious", ["焮"] = "heat; flame; inflammation", ["焰"] = "flame", ["焱"] = "flames", ["然"] = "so; thus; like this; -ly; correct; right", ["煁"] = "brazier", ["煃"] = "fiery; blazing", ["煆"] = "raging fire", ["煇"] = "bright; glorious", ["煉"] = "refine; smelt", ["煌"] = "brilliant", ["煍"] = "to colour by smoke", ["煎"] = "pan-fry", ["煐"] = "(person)", ["煒"] = "glow; raging fire", ["煖"] = "warm", ["煙"] = "cigarette; tobacco; smoke", ["煚"] = "fire", ["煜"] = "brilliant; glorious", ["煝"] = "be radiant; flaming; drought", ["煞"] = "baleful; bring to a stop; very; decrease; tighten", ["煟"] = "radiance of fire", ["煠"] = "to fry in fat or oil; to scald", ["煢"] = "alone", ["煤"] = "coal", ["煥"] = "brilliant; lustrous", ["照"] = "according to; in accordance with; to shine; to illuminate; to reflect; photograph", ["煨"] = "simmer; to roast in ashes", ["煩"] = "feel vexed; to bother", ["煬"] = "molten; smelt", ["煮"] = "to cook; to boil", ["煲"] = "pot or saucepan; to boil; cook or heat", ["煻"] = "to warm; to toast", ["煽"] = "fan into a flame; incite", ["熀"] = "dazzle", ["熄"] = "(v) extinguish; quench; go out (of fire)", ["熅"] = "to iron", ["熇"] = "dry", ["熉"] = "(yellow colour)", ["熊"] = "bear; to scold; to rebuke", ["熏"] = "to smoke; scent; fumigate", ["熒"] = "glimmer; glimmering; dazzling; perplexed; {{taxfmt|Polygonatum odoratum|species}} (syn. ''P. officinale'')", ["熔"] = "to smelt; fuse", ["熗"] = "cook in soy", ["熙"] = "prosperous; splendid", ["熛"] = "blaze; flame flaring", ["熟"] = "familiar; skilled; ripe; done; cooked", ["熠"] = "to glow; flash", ["熤"] = "(person)", ["熨"] = "an iron; to iron; reconciled; smooth", ["熬"] = "endure; to boil; stew; to simmer", ["熯"] = "to dry with fire", ["熰"] = "great drought; heat", ["熱"] = "heat; to heat up; fervent; hot (of weather); warm up", ["熲"] = "blaze", ["熳"] = "to spread", ["熵"] = "entropy", ["熸"] = "extinguish (of fire)", ["熹"] = "bright; warm", ["熾"] = "flame; blaze", ["熿"] = "brilliant", ["燀"] = "make a fire", ["燁"] = "blaze of fire; glorious", ["燂"] = "to heat; to scorch", ["燃"] = "burn; combustion", ["燄"] = "flame", ["燈"] = "lamp; light", ["燉"] = "stew", ["燊"] = "brisk; vigorous (of fire)", ["燋"] = "cauterize; scorch", ["燎"] = "singe", ["燏"] = "radiance of fire", ["燐"] = "phosphorus", ["燒"] = "to burn; to cook; to stew; to bake; to roast; fever", ["燔"] = "burn; to roast meat for sacrifice", ["燕"] = "swallow (bird); ''surname''; place name", ["燖"] = "warm up (food)", ["燙"] = "to scald; to burn; to iron; hot", ["燜"] = "cook in a covered vessel", ["營"] = "army; to deal in; to trade; to operate; to run; camp; nourishment; to manage", ["燠"] = "warm", ["燡"] = "blazing; radiant", ["燥"] = "dry; parched; impatient", ["燦"] = "glorious; bright; brilliant; lustrous; resplendent", ["燧"] = "fire; speculum", ["燨"] = "fire", ["燬"] = "blaze; destroy by fire", ["燭"] = "candle", ["燮"] = "harmony; harmonize", ["燴"] = "cooked in soy and vinegar", ["燹"] = "conflagration", ["燻"] = "to smoke; scent; fumigate", ["燼"] = "ashes; embers", ["燾"] = "cover over; to envelope", ["燿"] = "brilliant; glorious", ["爆"] = "to crack; to explode or burst", ["爇"] = "burn; heat; to burn", ["爍"] = "bright; luminous", ["爐"] = "stove", ["爓"] = "flame, brilliant", ["爚"] = "bright; fiery", ["爛"] = "rotten; decayed; well-cooked; mushy; broken; bad; to decay; completely", ["爝"] = "torch", ["爟"] = "light a fire", ["爨"] = "cooking-stove; to cook", ["爪"] = "claw", ["爬"] = "crawl; climb", ["爭"] = "struggle; fight", ["爰"] = "therefore; to lead on to", ["爵"] = "nobility; (ancient wine holder with 3 legs and loop handle)", ["父"] = "father", ["爸"] = "father; dad; pa; papa", ["爹"] = "dad", ["爺"] = "grandpa; etc.; old gentleman", ["爻"] = "lines on a trigram", ["爽"] = "invigorating; straightforward; frank; open; bright; clear", ["爾"] = "thus; so; like that; you; thou", ["牁"] = "place name", ["牂"] = "female sheep; place name", ["牄"] = "to walk rapidly", ["牆"] = "wall", ["片"] = "a slice; piece; flake; thin; slice; disc; sheet", ["版"] = "a register; a block of printing; an edition; version; page", ["牋"] = "letter; note-paper", ["牌"] = "cards; game pieces; signboard; plate; tablet", ["牏"] = "short board; plank", ["牒"] = "(official) document; dispatch", ["牓"] = "tablet; register", ["牖"] = "enlighten; lattice window", ["牘"] = "documents", ["牙"] = "tooth; ivory", ["牛"] = "ox; cow; bull", ["牝"] = "female", ["牟"] = "barley; to moo; usurp", ["牠"] = "it (used for animals)", ["牡"] = "male", ["牢"] = "firm; fast", ["牣"] = "fill up; to stuff", ["牧"] = "shepherd", ["物"] = "thing; object; matter", ["牮"] = "prop up", ["牯"] = "bullock; cow", ["牲"] = "domestic animal", ["牳"] = "(bovine)", ["牴"] = "to butt; resist", ["牷"] = "one-colour bullock", ["牸"] = "female of domestic animals", ["特"] = "special; unusual; extraordinary; male animal", ["牼"] = "shank bone of ox", ["牽"] = "lead along", ["牾"] = "to oppose; to gore", ["牿"] = "shed or pen for cattle", ["犀"] = "rhinoceros", ["犁"] = "plough", ["犆"] = "male animal", ["犉"] = "ox", ["犍"] = "bullock", ["犒"] = "give a bonus to", ["犖"] = "brindled ox; clear; eminent", ["犛"] = "black ox; yak", ["犢"] = "calf; sacrificial victim", ["犧"] = "sacrifice", ["犨"] = "panting of cow; grunting of ox", ["犬"] = "dog", ["犯"] = "to violate; to offend", ["犴"] = "jail", ["犵"] = "name of a tribe", ["犺"] = "fierce dog", ["狀"] = "accusation; suit; state; condition; strong; great", ["狂"] = "conceited; mad", ["狃"] = "accustomed to", ["狄"] = "barbarians; name of a tribe", ["狆"] = "Pekingese", ["狉"] = "be teeming with wild animals; fox-cub", ["狋"] = "appearance of angry dogs; the appearance of dogs fighting", ["狍"] = "roe deer", ["狎"] = "get close to, become intimate with; to neglect; to tease", ["狐"] = "fox", ["狒"] = "hamadryad baboon", ["狗"] = "dog", ["狘"] = "jump", ["狙"] = "(ape); to spy; lie in ambush", ["狠"] = "ruthless; fierce; severe", ["狡"] = "crafty; cunning; sly", ["狨"] = "''[[Callithrix jacchus]]'' (syn. ''Hapale jacchus'')", ["狩"] = "to hunt; to embark on an imperial tour", ["狫"] = "(derogatory) name of a tribe", ["狴"] = "(tapir); mythical tiger-like beast", ["狷"] = "rash, impetuous, impulsive; reserved, overcautious", ["狸"] = "[[raccoon dog]]; [[leopard cat]]", ["狹"] = "narrow; limited; narrow-minded", ["狺"] = "snarling of dogs", ["狻"] = "(mythical animal)", ["狼"] = "wolf", ["狽"] = "a legendary wolf; distressed; wretched", ["猇"] = "the scream or roar of a tiger; to intimidate; to scare", ["猈"] = "dog with short shinbone", ["猊"] = "(mythical animal); lion", ["猋"] = "whirlwind", ["猓"] = "monkey", ["猖"] = "mad; wild", ["猗"] = "(interj.)", ["猘"] = "mad dog", ["猙"] = "hideous; fierce-looking", ["猛"] = "ferocious; suddenly; fierce; violent; abrupt", ["猜"] = "to guess", ["猝"] = "abrupt; hurried", ["猥"] = "humble; rustic; plentiful", ["猩"] = "ape", ["猭"] = "ape; ''[[Hylobates agilis]]''", ["猱"] = "(monkey); scratch", ["猲"] = "short-snout dog; frightened; terrified", ["猴"] = "monkey", ["猶"] = "as if; still", ["猷"] = "to plan; to scheme", ["猺"] = "Yao tribe", ["猾"] = "sly", ["猿"] = "ape", ["獀"] = "dog (dial.); to hunt", ["獃"] = "stay; stupid", ["獄"] = "prison", ["獅"] = "lion", ["獉"] = "jungle", ["獍"] = "an animal which eats its mother", ["獎"] = "prize; award; encouragement", ["獐"] = "river deer; roebuck", ["獒"] = "mastiff", ["獗"] = "unruly; rude", ["獘"] = "collapse", ["獙"] = "die violently", ["獚"] = "spaniel", ["獝"] = "devil", ["獞"] = "name of a variety of dog; wild tribes in South China", ["獠"] = "fierce; hunt; name of a tribe", ["獢"] = "dog", ["獧"] = "timid; cautious", ["獨"] = "alone; independent; single; sole; only", ["獪"] = "crafty; cunning", ["獫"] = "long-snout dog", ["獮"] = "to hunt; kill", ["獯"] = "name of a tribe", ["獰"] = "fierce-looking", ["獲"] = "to catch; to obtain; to capture", ["獳"] = "angry dog", ["獵"] = "hunting", ["獷"] = "fierce, rude, uncivilized", ["獸"] = "beast; quadruped", ["獺"] = "otter", ["獻"] = "to offer", ["獼"] = "macaque", ["獾"] = "badger", ["玀"] = "name of a tribe", ["玁"] = "long-snout dog", ["玃"] = "a large ape found in W. China", ["玄"] = "black; mysterious", ["玅"] = "clever; wonderful", ["玆"] = "now, here; this; time, year", ["率"] = "to lead; command; rate; frequency", ["玈"] = "black", ["玉"] = "jade", ["王"] = "king; Wang (proper name)", ["玎"] = "jingling; tinkling", ["玓"] = "pearly", ["玔"] = "jade ring", ["玖"] = "(black stone); nine (fraud-proof)", ["玗"] = "half pr stone", ["玟"] = "veins in jade; jade-like stone", ["玠"] = "jade tablet indicating rank", ["玢"] = "porphyrites", ["玤"] = "(gem)", ["玥"] = "pearl used in sacrifice", ["玦"] = "half-circle jade ring", ["玨"] = "gems mounted together", ["玩"] = "curios; antiques; to play; to amuse oneself", ["玫"] = "a kind of fine stone", ["玳"] = "tortoise shell; turtle", ["玶"] = "name of one kind of jade", ["玷"] = "blemish; disgrace; flaw in jade", ["玻"] = "glass", ["玼"] = "clear (as in a gem)", ["珀"] = "amber", ["珂"] = "jade-like stone", ["珇"] = "carving on jade", ["珈"] = "gamma; jewellery", ["珊"] = "coral", ["珌"] = "gem on scabbard", ["珍"] = "precious thing; treasure", ["珓"] = "(divination device)", ["珔"] = "(jade)", ["珖"] = "(jade)", ["珙"] = "(gem)", ["珛"] = "quickly-deteriorating jade", ["珞"] = "neck-ornament", ["珠"] = "pearl; bead", ["珣"] = "(gem)", ["珥"] = "pearl or jade earring", ["珧"] = "mother-of-pearl", ["珩"] = "top gem of pendant from girdle", ["珪"] = "jade tablet; silicon", ["班"] = "team; class; rank; squad; a work shift; a measure word; ''surname''", ["珮"] = "girdle ornaments", ["珶"] = "white jade worn on belt", ["珺"] = "beautiful jade", ["珽"] = "sceptre", ["現"] = "appear; present; now; existing; current", ["琀"] = "gems or pearls formerly put into the mouth of a corpse", ["琁"] = "beautiful jade; star", ["球"] = "ball; sphere", ["琅"] = "(gem); tinkling of pendants", ["理"] = "to manage; to heed; to put in order; reason; logic; science; inner principle or structure", ["琇"] = "(jade)", ["琖"] = "wine cup", ["琚"] = "ornamental gems for belt", ["琛"] = "precious stone; gem", ["琠"] = "gem used as ear plug; jade earrings", ["琢"] = "to cut (gems)", ["琤"] = "tinkling of gems", ["琥"] = "amber", ["琦"] = "curio; valuable stone", ["琨"] = "(jade)", ["琪"] = "(white gem); angel", ["琫"] = "gem ornament of scabbard", ["琬"] = "ensign of royalty", ["琭"] = "(jade)", ["琮"] = "''surname''; octagonal jade badge", ["琯"] = "mus. instr.; to polish jade or gold", ["琰"] = "gem; glitter of gems", ["琱"] = "engrave gems", ["琲"] = "necklace", ["琳"] = "gem", ["琴"] = "qin; general name for certain instruments", ["琿"] = "(fine jade)", ["瑀"] = "(chalcedony)", ["瑁"] = "(jade)", ["瑂"] = "(stone which resembles jade)", ["瑄"] = "ornamental piece of jade", ["瑋"] = "(reddish jade); precious; rare", ["瑑"] = "engraved lines", ["瑔"] = "(jade; shell)", ["瑕"] = "blemish; flaw in jade", ["瑗"] = "large jade ring", ["瑚"] = "coral", ["瑛"] = "(crystal); lustrous", ["瑜"] = "excellence; lustre of gems", ["瑞"] = "lucky; auspicious; propitious; rayl (acoustical unit)", ["瑟"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["瑢"] = "gem ornaments for belts", ["瑣"] = "fragmentary; trifling", ["瑤"] = "(jade); Yao; mother-of-pearl", ["瑩"] = "lustre of gems", ["瑭"] = "(jade)", ["瑯"] = "(gem); tinkling of pendants", ["瑰"] = "(semi-precious stone); extraordinary", ["瑱"] = "jade ear-plug", ["瑲"] = "tinkling of gems", ["瑳"] = "lustre of gems", ["瑽"] = "tinkling of jade pendants", ["瑾"] = "brilliancy (of gems)", ["瑿"] = "a black stone like jade; jet", ["璀"] = "lustre of gems", ["璁"] = "(gem)", ["璅"] = "fragmentary; trifling", ["璆"] = "(gem); to tinkle", ["璇"] = "(jade)", ["璈"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["璊"] = "(gem); rouge", ["璋"] = "ancient stone ornament", ["璐"] = "(jade)", ["璘"] = "lustre of gem", ["璚"] = "(red stone); half-circle jade ring", ["璜"] = "semi-circular jade ornament", ["璞"] = "unpolished gem", ["璟"] = "lustre of gem", ["璠"] = "(gem)", ["璡"] = "jade-like stone", ["璣"] = "irregular pearl", ["璥"] = "(gem)", ["璦"] = "jasper; precious stone", ["璧"] = "piece of jade with hole in centre", ["璨"] = "gem; lustre of gem", ["璩"] = "(jade ring); ''surname''", ["璪"] = "pendant of pearls on coronet", ["璫"] = "pendant ornaments", ["璯"] = "jade ornament in the seams of cap", ["環"] = "bracelet; ring (not for finger); to surround; to loop; loop", ["璲"] = "pendant girdle-ornaments", ["璵"] = "(gem)", ["璸"] = "(pearl)", ["璺"] = "a crack, as in porcelain", ["璽"] = "ruler's seal", ["璿"] = "(jade)", ["瓀"] = "opaque; white quartz", ["瓊"] = "(red stone); beautiful", ["瓏"] = "a kind of jade that is for requesting rain and has the figure of Chinese dragon on", ["瓔"] = "necklace", ["瓖"] = "ornaments", ["瓘"] = "jade used for making goblets", ["瓚"] = "libation cup", ["瓛"] = "sceptre", ["瓜"] = "melon; claw; gourd; squash", ["瓞"] = "young melon", ["瓠"] = "gourd", ["瓢"] = "dipper; ladle", ["瓣"] = "petal; section", ["瓤"] = "pulp of fruit", ["瓦"] = "tile", ["瓮"] = "earthen jar; urn", ["瓴"] = "concave channels of tiling", ["瓶"] = "bottle; (a measure word); vase; pitcher", ["瓷"] = "chinaware; porcelain", ["瓻"] = "large wine jar", ["瓿"] = "a kind of vase", ["甀"] = "vase with a small mouth", ["甃"] = "brickwork of well", ["甄"] = "to mould; discriminate", ["甇"] = "earthen jar with long neck", ["甋"] = "a jar without ears", ["甌"] = "bowl; cup", ["甍"] = "rafters supporting tiles", ["甏"] = "a squat jar for holding wine, sauces etc.", ["甑"] = "cauldron; rice pot", ["甒"] = "(vase; jar)", ["甓"] = "glazed tile", ["甔"] = "big jar", ["甕"] = "earthen jar; urn", ["甖"] = "earthen jar with small mouth", ["甗"] = "earthenware vessel", ["甘"] = "sweet; willingly; Gansu province (abbrev.)", ["甚"] = "very; extremely; more (than); what", ["甜"] = "sweet", ["生"] = "to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw", ["甡"] = "multitude; crowd", ["產"] = "to reproduce; to produce; give birth; products; produce; resources; estate; property", ["甥"] = "nephew", ["甦"] = "revive", ["用"] = "to use", ["甩"] = "fling", ["甪"] = "''surname''; place name", ["甫"] = "honorific for men; just; just now", ["甬"] = "5 pecks (M); Ningpo", ["甭"] = "need not", ["甯"] = "peaceful", ["田"] = "field; farm", ["由"] = "follow; from; it is for...to; reason; cause; because of; due to; by; to; to leave it (to someone)", ["甲"] = "1st [[heavenly stem]]; armour; shell", ["申"] = "9th [[earthly branch]]; 3–5 p.m.; to extend; to state; to explain", ["男"] = "male", ["甸"] = "imperial domain; suburb", ["町"] = "raised path between fields", ["甽"] = "drain between fields, irrigation", ["甾"] = "steroid", ["甿"] = "people", ["畀"] = "confer on; give to", ["畇"] = "reclaimed land", ["畈"] = "field; farm", ["畋"] = "cultivate (land); to hunt", ["界"] = "boundary; scope; extent; circles; group; kingdom (taxonomy)", ["畎"] = "field drains", ["畏"] = "to fear", ["畔"] = "bank; field-path", ["留"] = "leave (message); to retain; to stay; to remain; to keep; to preserve", ["畚"] = "a basket or pan used for earth; manure etc", ["畛"] = "border; boundary; field-path", ["畜"] = "to raise (animals); livestock; domesticated animal; domestic animal", ["畝"] = "about 1; 6 acre (M)", ["畟"] = "sharp", ["畢"] = "the whole of; to finish; to complete; complete; full; finished", ["畤"] = "ancient sacrifice", ["略"] = "plan; strategy; outline; summary; slightly; rather; to rob; to plunder; to summarize", ["畦"] = "furrow; small plot of farm land", ["番"] = "(measure word for acts); deeds; foreign; ''surname''; place name", ["畫"] = "draw; picture; painting", ["畬"] = "cultivated field", ["畯"] = "overseer; steppe", ["異"] = "different; unusual; strange", ["當"] = "to act as; represent; equal; should; fitting; suitable; adequate; proper; replace; to be; to hold a position; manage; withstand; when; during; ought; match equally; same; obstruct; just at (a time or place); on the spot; right; just at", ["畷"] = "raised path between fields", ["畸"] = "fractional remains; odd", ["畹"] = "a field of 20 or 30 mu", ["畽"] = "place trodden by animals", ["畾"] = "fields divided by dikes", ["畿"] = "territory around the capital", ["疆"] = "border; boundary", ["疇"] = "arable fields; cultivated field; class; category", ["疊"] = "fold up; repeat", ["疋"] = "a bolt (of cloth)", ["疏"] = "negligent; sparse; thin", ["疐"] = "prostrate", ["疑"] = "to doubt; to misbelieve; to suspect", ["疔"] = "boil; carbuncle", ["疕"] = "facial skin disease; mange", ["疘"] = "anus", ["疚"] = "chronic disease", ["疝"] = "hernia", ["疢"] = "(disease)", ["疣"] = "nodule; wart", ["疤"] = "scar", ["疥"] = "scabies", ["疧"] = "sick", ["疫"] = "epidemic; plague", ["疲"] = "weary", ["疳"] = "rickets", ["疵"] = "blemish; flaw; defect", ["疶"] = "dysentery", ["疸"] = "jaundice", ["疹"] = "measles; rash", ["疼"] = "(it) hurts; love fondly; ache; pain; sore", ["疽"] = "gangrene", ["疾"] = "sickness; disease; hate; envy", ["疿"] = "prickly heat", ["痁"] = "malarial fever", ["痂"] = "scab", ["痄"] = "mumps", ["病"] = "ailment; illness; disease; fall ill; sick; defect", ["症"] = "disease; illness; indication or sign of disease", ["痊"] = "recover (from illness)", ["痌"] = "moaning in pain", ["痍"] = "bruise; sores", ["痏"] = "a bruise or contusion", ["痐"] = "roundworm; ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]''", ["痒"] = "to itch; to tickle", ["痔"] = "piles; haemorrhoid", ["痕"] = "scar; traces; (''Cantonese'') itchy", ["痗"] = "disease caused by anxiety", ["痘"] = "small pox", ["痙"] = "spasm", ["痚"] = "asthma; difficulty in breathing", ["痛"] = "ache; pain; sorrow", ["痞"] = "scoundrel; swelling of the liver", ["痠"] = "aching of limbs", ["痡"] = "sick; disabled", ["痢"] = "dysentery", ["痣"] = "birthmark; mole", ["痤"] = "acne", ["痦"] = "(flat) mole", ["痧"] = "cholera", ["痭"] = "menorrhagia", ["痯"] = "ill-looking", ["痰"] = "phlegm; spittle", ["痱"] = "prickly heat", ["痲"] = "leprosy; numb", ["痴"] = "imbecile; sentimental; stupid; foolish; silly", ["痵"] = "nervous start in sleep", ["痹"] = "paralysis, numbness", ["痺"] = "numb; paralysis", ["痻"] = "to be ill", ["痼"] = "obstinate disease", ["痾"] = "malady", ["痿"] = "atrophy", ["瘀"] = "haematoma; contusion; extravasated", ["瘁"] = "care-worn; distressed; tired; overworked; sick; weary", ["瘃"] = "chilblain", ["瘈"] = "furious; hydrophobia; madness", ["瘉"] = "heal", ["瘊"] = "wart", ["瘋"] = "insane; mad; wild", ["瘌"] = "scabies; scald-head", ["瘍"] = "ulcers; sores", ["瘏"] = "be injured; ill (of animals)", ["瘐"] = "maltreat (as prisoners)", ["瘓"] = "illness; numbness of the limbs", ["瘕"] = "obstruction in the intestine", ["瘖"] = "dumb", ["瘙"] = "itch", ["瘚"] = "to hiccup; the humours of the body", ["瘜"] = "a polypus", ["瘝"] = "incapacitated; inefficient", ["瘞"] = "bury; sacrifice", ["瘟"] = "epidemic; pestilence; plague", ["瘠"] = "barren; lean", ["瘡"] = "sore; skin ulcer", ["瘢"] = "mark; scar on the skin", ["瘤"] = "tumour", ["瘥"] = "disease; recover from disease", ["瘦"] = "tight; thin; lean", ["瘧"] = "malaria", ["瘨"] = "convulsions; crazy", ["瘭"] = "whitlow", ["瘯"] = "(skin disease)", ["瘰"] = "scrofula; tuberculosis of glands", ["瘲"] = "spasms or convulsions in young children, caused by indigestion", ["瘳"] = "convalesce; recover; heal", ["瘴"] = "malaria; miasma", ["瘵"] = "foci of tubercular infection", ["瘸"] = "lame", ["瘺"] = "fistula; sinus", ["瘼"] = "distress; sickness", ["療"] = "to treat; to cure", ["癃"] = "infirmity; retention of urine", ["癆"] = "tuberculosis", ["癇"] = "epilepsy; insanity", ["癈"] = "abrogate, terminate, discard", ["癉"] = "to hate; (disease)", ["癌"] = "cancer; carcinoma", ["癒"] = "heal", ["癖"] = "habit; hobby", ["癘"] = "sore caused by varnish poisoning", ["癙"] = "hidden; secret; scrofula", ["癜"] = "erythema; leucoderm", ["癟"] = "deflated; shrivelled; sunken; empty", ["癠"] = "sick; diseased", ["癡"] = "imbecile; sentimental; stupid; foolish; silly", ["癢"] = "itch", ["癤"] = "pimple, sore, boil", ["癥"] = "obstruction of bowels", ["癩"] = "scabies; skin disease", ["癪"] = "spasms, convulsions, hysteria", ["癬"] = "ringworm", ["癭"] = "goitre; knob on tree", ["癮"] = "addiction; craving", ["癰"] = "carbuncle", ["癱"] = "paralysed", ["癲"] = "convulsions; crazy", ["癸"] = "10th [[heavenly stem]]", ["登"] = "to go up; to climb; ascend; mount; register; note; to publish; to issue; to record", ["發"] = "to send out; to show (one's feeling); to issue; to develop", ["白"] = "white; empty; blank; bright; clear; plain; pure; gratuitous", ["百"] = "hundred", ["皁"] = "black; police runners, from the black clothes formerly worn by them", ["皂"] = "soap; black", ["的"] = "really and truly; aim; clear; (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle); of", ["皆"] = "all; each and every; in all cases", ["皇"] = "emperor; ''surname''", ["皈"] = "comply with; follow", ["皋"] = "bank; marsh", ["皎"] = "bright; white", ["皓"] = "bright; d (19th); white", ["皖"] = "Anhui", ["皙"] = "white", ["皚"] = "white (of snow, etc.)", ["皜"] = "clear; white", ["皝"] = "luminous; bright hoary, white", ["皞"] = "bright, brilliant", ["皤"] = "white", ["皦"] = "sparkling; bright", ["皪"] = "lustre (of pearls)", ["皫"] = "white", ["皭"] = "pure", ["皮"] = "leather; skin; fur", ["皰"] = "pimple", ["皴"] = "chapped; cracked", ["皸"] = "to chap", ["皺"] = "to wrinkle; wrinkled; to crease", ["皽"] = "scab", ["皿"] = "shallow container; rad. no. 108", ["盂"] = "container; cup", ["盃"] = "cup", ["盅"] = "cup", ["盆"] = "basin", ["盈"] = "full; filled; surplus", ["益"] = "benefit; increase", ["盍"] = "why not", ["盎"] = "abundant; bowl; dish; pot", ["盒"] = "small box; case", ["盔"] = "helmet", ["盚"] = "''surname''", ["盛"] = "flourishing; to hold; contain; to ladle; pick up with a utensil; ''surname''", ["盜"] = "steal; rob; plunder; a thief; bandit; robber", ["盝"] = "box case", ["盞"] = "''classifier for lamps or cups of drink''", ["盟"] = "oath; pledge; union; to ally", ["盡"] = "to use up; to exhaust; to end; to finish; to the utmost; exhausted; finished; to the limit (of something)", ["監"] = "supervisor; hard; strong; solid; firm; to supervise; to inspect; jail; prison", ["盤"] = "dish; tray; to build; to check; to examine; to transfer; (a measure word used for dishes of food or coils of wire); to coil", ["盥"] = "wash (especially hands)", ["盦"] = "container", ["盧"] = "''surname''", ["盩"] = "name of a district in Shaanxi", ["盪"] = "agitate; swing; sway", ["盬"] = "covered pot", ["盭"] = "unreasonable; violent", ["目"] = "eye; item; section; list; catalogue; table of contents; (taxonomy) order; goal; name; title", ["盯"] = "stare; gaze", ["盱"] = "''surname''; anxious; stare", ["盲"] = "blind", ["直"] = "straight; vertical; frank; directly; straightly; upright", ["盵"] = "''surname''", ["相"] = "each other; appearance; portrait; picture; one another; mutually", ["盹"] = "doze; nap", ["盻"] = "glare at", ["盼"] = "to hope for; to long for; to expect", ["盾"] = "shield", ["省"] = "comprehend; introspect; visit; frugal; save; to omit; to leave out; to save (money); province", ["眄"] = "ogle", ["眅"] = "show the whites of eyes", ["眇"] = "minute (small); subtle", ["眈"] = "gaze intently", ["眉"] = "eyebrow; upper margin", ["眊"] = "having poor eyesight", ["看"] = "to see; to look at; to look after; to take care of; to watch; to guard; it depends; think", ["眑"] = "sunken eyes; deep; abstruse", ["眕"] = "restrain anger", ["眙"] = "place name", ["眚"] = "cataract of the eye; error", ["眛"] = "blind; imperceptive", ["真"] = "real; true; genuine", ["眠"] = "sleep", ["眢"] = "inflamed eyelids; parched", ["眣"] = "prominent eyes", ["眥"] = "canthus", ["眨"] = "wink", ["眩"] = "dizzy; dazzled", ["眭"] = "evil look of deep-set eyes", ["眯"] = "blind (as with dust)", ["眴"] = "dazzled; dizzy", ["眵"] = "gritty secretion in eyes", ["眶"] = "eye socket", ["眷"] = "concern; wife and children", ["眸"] = "pupil of the eye", ["眹"] = "pupil", ["眺"] = "gaze afar", ["眼"] = "eye", ["眽"] = "to gaze; to ogle to look at", ["眾"] = "numerous; multitude; crowd", ["睅"] = "protuberant eyes", ["睆"] = "good-looking; cute", ["睇"] = "look down upon; (Cantonese) to look; to see; to look after; to think", ["睊"] = "look", ["睍"] = "goggle-eyed", ["睎"] = "to long for; to gaze at", ["睏"] = "sleepy; doze off", ["睒"] = "furtively glance; glittering", ["睖"] = "to stare straight ahead", ["睙"] = "to roll the eyeballs to look", ["睛"] = "eye", ["睜"] = "to open (eye)", ["睞"] = "gaze; stare", ["睟"] = "bright eye; clear", ["睠"] = "look fondly", ["睡"] = "to sleep", ["睢"] = "''surname''; stare", ["督"] = "supervise", ["睥"] = "look askance", ["睦"] = "friendly", ["睨"] = "look askance", ["睪"] = "testicle; to spy on", ["睫"] = "eyelashes", ["睬"] = "pay attention; take notice of; to care for", ["睯"] = "to be agonized; worried", ["睹"] = "observe; see", ["睽"] = "separated; stare", ["睿"] = "astute; perspicacious; farsighted", ["瞀"] = "indistinct vision; dim", ["瞄"] = "to aim", ["瞅"] = "to look", ["瞇"] = "to squint", ["瞋"] = "angry at", ["瞌"] = "doze off; sleepy", ["瞍"] = "blind", ["瞎"] = "blind", ["瞏"] = "gaze in terror; lonely", ["瞑"] = "close the eyes", ["瞕"] = "cataract in the eye", ["瞞"] = "conceal from", ["瞟"] = "cast a glance", ["瞠"] = "stare at something beyond reach", ["瞢"] = "eyesight obscured; to feel ashamed", ["瞥"] = "blink; glance", ["瞧"] = "look at", ["瞪"] = "stare at", ["瞫"] = "''surname''", ["瞬"] = "to wink", ["瞭"] = "look afar from a high place; clear", ["瞰"] = "bird's-eye view; glance", ["瞳"] = "pupil of the eye", ["瞵"] = "to stare at", ["瞷"] = "to spy", ["瞻"] = "gaze; view", ["瞼"] = "eyelid", ["瞽"] = "blind", ["瞿"] = "''surname''; startled", ["矇"] = "dim sighted; ignorant; deceive; cheat; hoodwink", ["矍"] = "''surname''; glance fearfully", ["矓"] = "hazy; unclear", ["矔"] = "brilliant (of eyes)", ["矗"] = "lofty; upright", ["矙"] = "bird's-eye view; glance", ["矚"] = "to gaze at; to stare at", ["矛"] = "spear; lance; pike", ["矜"] = "boast; esteem; sympathize", ["矞"] = "grand; elegant; propitious", ["矢"] = "arrow; dart", ["矣"] = "final particle", ["知"] = "to know; to be aware", ["矧"] = "(interrog.)", ["矩"] = "carpenter's square; rule", ["矬"] = "short", ["短"] = "lack; short", ["矮"] = "short (not tall)", ["矯"] = "dissemble; rectify", ["矰"] = "arrow with a streamer", ["矱"] = "standard; norm", ["石"] = "rock; stone; 10 pecks", ["矸"] = "a rock or cliff", ["矻"] = "to toil", ["矼"] = "stone bridge", ["矽"] = "silicon", ["砂"] = "sand; gravel; granule", ["砃"] = "white stone", ["砅"] = "cross stream by stepping on stones", ["砆"] = "agate; inferior gem", ["砌"] = "to build by laying bricks or stones", ["砍"] = "to chop", ["砑"] = "to calender", ["砒"] = "arsenic", ["研"] = "grind fine; study; research", ["砟"] = "fragments", ["砠"] = "rocky hill", ["砢"] = "a heap; pile (of rocks)", ["砣"] = "steelyard weight", ["砥"] = "baffle (pier); whetstone", ["砦"] = "stronghold; stockade", ["砧"] = "base for beating or chopping", ["砩"] = "name of a stone; dam up water with rocks", ["砫"] = "ancestral tablet", ["砭"] = "a stone probe; acupuncture", ["砮"] = "flint", ["砰"] = "sound of crashing; thunder", ["砲"] = "gun; cannon", ["砳"] = "rocky", ["破"] = "to break; to split; broken; damaged; worn out", ["砵"] = "alms bowl", ["砷"] = "arsenic", ["砸"] = "smash; smashed", ["硃"] = "vermilion", ["硅"] = "silicon", ["硍"] = "rumbling of rolling stones", ["硎"] = "whetstone", ["硒"] = "selenium", ["硜"] = "obstinate", ["硝"] = "saltpetre; to tan (leather)", ["硤"] = "place name", ["硫"] = "sulfur", ["硬"] = "hard; stiff; strong; firm", ["硭"] = "crude saltpetre", ["确"] = "authenticated; solid; firm", ["硯"] = "ink-stone", ["硻"] = "obstinate", ["硼"] = "boron", ["硾"] = "iodide; to weight", ["碃"] = "(stone)", ["碇"] = "anchor", ["碉"] = "Tibetan stone house", ["碌"] = "laborious; small stone; to record; to tape; to write down; to hire; to employ", ["碎"] = "to break down; to break into pieces; fragmentary", ["碏"] = "(gems)", ["碑"] = "a monument; an upright stone tablet; stele", ["碓"] = "pestle; pound with a pestle", ["碔"] = "inferior gem", ["碗"] = "bowl; cup", ["碘"] = "iodine", ["碚"] = "place name in Chongqing", ["碞"] = "cliff", ["碟"] = "dish; plate", ["碣"] = "stone tablet", ["碧"] = "green jade; bluish green; blue; jade", ["碩"] = "large; big", ["碪"] = "anvil", ["碫"] = "coarse stone (used for whetstone)", ["碬"] = "whetstone", ["碭"] = "stone with colour veins", ["碰"] = "to touch; to meet with; to bump", ["碲"] = "tellurium", ["碳"] = "carbon", ["碴"] = "fault; glass fragment; quarrel", ["確"] = "authenticated; solid; firm; real; true", ["碻"] = "solid; firm", ["碼"] = "a weight; number; yard; code; pile; stack", ["碾"] = "stone roller", ["磁"] = "magnetic; magnetism; porcelain", ["磅"] = "a measure word; pound (unit of measurement); scale; weigh", ["磈"] = "rocky; stony", ["磉"] = "stone plinth", ["磊"] = "lumpy; rock pile; uneven", ["磋"] = "deliberate; to polish", ["磎"] = "mountain stream, creek", ["磐"] = "firm; stable; rock", ["磑"] = "mill", ["磔"] = "tearing off limbs as punishment", ["磕"] = "to tap; knock", ["磚"] = "brick", ["磛"] = "cliff; peak", ["磠"] = "ammonium", ["磡"] = "dangerous sea-cliff", ["磣"] = "gritty", ["磥"] = "a heap of stones; boulders", ["磧"] = "moraine; rocks in shallow water", ["磨"] = "grindstone; to sharpen; to delay; hardship; to grind; to rub", ["磪"] = "a high mountain; precipitous", ["磬"] = "ancient percussion instrument made from stone or jade", ["磯"] = "breakwater; jetty", ["磴"] = "cliff-ledge; stone step", ["磷"] = "phosphorus", ["磹"] = "stone wedge", ["磺"] = "sulfur", ["磻"] = "name of a river in Shaanxi", ["磽"] = "stony soil", ["礁"] = "reef; shoal rock", ["礄"] = "bridge", ["礅"] = "stone block", ["礎"] = "foundation; base", ["礙"] = "to hinder; to obstruct; to block", ["礞"] = "(mineral)", ["礡"] = "fill; extend", ["礦"] = "ore; mine", ["礧"] = "roll stone down hill; stone pile", ["礪"] = "grind; sandstone", ["礫"] = "gravel; small stone", ["礬"] = "alum", ["礱"] = "grind; mill", ["礵"] = "arsenic", ["示"] = "to show; reveal", ["礽"] = "blessings", ["社"] = "society; group", ["礿"] = "spring imperial ancestral sacrifice", ["祀"] = "offer sacrifice to", ["祁"] = "''surname''", ["祂"] = "he, it (pronoun used for God)", ["祅"] = "calamity from terrestrial disorder", ["祆"] = "Ormazda, god of the Zoroastrians, extended to god of the Manicheans", ["祇"] = "but; only; earth-spirit; peace", ["祈"] = "implore; pray; please", ["祉"] = "felicity", ["祊"] = "side altar inside ancestral temple", ["祏"] = "stone shrine", ["祐"] = "protect", ["祓"] = "cleanse; remove evil", ["祔"] = "worship ancestors", ["祕"] = "secret", ["祖"] = "ancestor; forefather; grandparents", ["祗"] = "respectful(ly)", ["祚"] = "blessing; the throne", ["祛"] = "to exorcize", ["祜"] = "celestial blessing", ["祝"] = "invoke; pray to; wish; to express good wishes", ["神"] = "God; unusual; mysterious; soul; spirit; divine essence; lively; spiritual being", ["祟"] = "evil spirit", ["祠"] = "ancestral hall; temple", ["祥"] = "auspicious; propitious", ["祧"] = "ancestral hall", ["票"] = "bank note; ticket", ["祫"] = "triennial sacrifice to ancestors", ["祭"] = "offer sacrifice; hold memorial service", ["祲"] = "evil force", ["祺"] = "felicity", ["祼"] = "pour out libation", ["祿"] = "good fortune; official salary", ["禁"] = "to prohibit; to forbid; endure", ["禂"] = "to pray; prayer", ["禊"] = "purification ceremony", ["禋"] = "sacrifice", ["禍"] = "disaster", ["禎"] = "auspicious; lucky", ["福"] = "good fortune; happiness; luck; Fujian province (abbrev.); ''surname''", ["禔"] = "well-being", ["禕"] = "excellent; precious; rare", ["禖"] = "heir-requesting sacrifice", ["禘"] = "imperial ancestral sacrifice", ["禚"] = "place name", ["禜"] = "sacrifice", ["禠"] = "felicity; blessing", ["禡"] = "sacrifice to god of war", ["禢"] = "''surname''", ["禤"] = "''surname''", ["禦"] = "defend; resist", ["禧"] = "favourable luck; good fortune", ["禨"] = "omen; pray", ["禪"] = "abdicate; meditation; abstraction; (Zen) Buddhism", ["禫"] = "sacrifice at the end of mourning", ["禮"] = "gift; propriety; rite", ["禰"] = "temple of deceased father; ''surname''", ["禱"] = "prayer; pray; supplication", ["禳"] = "sacrifice for avoiding calamity", ["禴"] = "spring imperial ancestral sacrifice", ["禸"] = "trample", ["禹"] = "name of an emperor", ["禺"] = "(place); district", ["禽"] = "birds; fowl", ["禾"] = "cereal; grain", ["禿"] = "bald; blunt", ["秀"] = "to ear; beautiful; elegant; outstanding; to show; to display; show", ["私"] = "personal; private; selfish", ["秈"] = "common rice", ["秉"] = "to grasp; hold; maintain", ["秋"] = "autumn; fall; harvest time; a swing", ["秏"] = "to waste, to destroy, to diminish", ["科"] = "branch of study; administrative section; division; field; branch; stage directions; family (taxonomy); rules; laws; to mete out (punishment); to levy (taxes, etc.); to fine someone", ["秒"] = "(a measure word); second", ["秕"] = "grain not fully grown; husks; withered grain; unripe grain", ["秘"] = "secret", ["租"] = "rent; taxes", ["秠"] = "(millet)", ["秣"] = "feed a horse with grain; horse feed", ["秤"] = "steelyard; steel yard; scales", ["秦"] = "''surname''; name of a dynasty", ["秧"] = "shoots; sprouts", ["秩"] = "order; orderliness", ["秪"] = "only, merely", ["秫"] = "{{taxlink|Panicum italicum|species}}", ["秬"] = "black millet", ["秭"] = "billion", ["秷"] = "sound of reaping", ["秸"] = "stalks of millet, corn", ["移"] = "to move; to shift; to change; to alter; to remove", ["稀"] = "diluted; sparse", ["稂"] = "grass; weeds", ["稅"] = "taxes; duties", ["稈"] = "stalks of grain", ["稊"] = "grass; tares", ["程"] = "rule; order; regulations; formula; journey; procedure; sequence; ''surname''", ["稌"] = "glutinous rice", ["稍"] = "somewhat; a little", ["稑"] = "late-planted early-ripening grain", ["稔"] = "ripe grain", ["稗"] = "millet; {{taxlink|Panicum crus|species}}", ["稙"] = "early-planted crop", ["稚"] = "infantile; young", ["稛"] = "full", ["稜"] = "corner; square beam", ["稞"] = "(wheat)", ["稟"] = "natural property or endowment; report to (a superior)", ["稠"] = "dense; crowded; thick; many", ["種"] = "to plant; to cultivate; kind; type; race; breed; seed; species (taxonomy)", ["稱"] = "to call; to praise; to weigh; to estimate; to consider; to address; to name; to say; commend; steelyard; balanced; to fit; well-off; suitable", ["稷"] = "(millet)", ["稹"] = "accumulate; fine and close", ["稻"] = "paddy; rice", ["稼"] = "sow grain", ["稽"] = "bow to the ground; inspect; check", ["稿"] = "manuscript; draft; stalk of grain", ["穀"] = "grain; corn", ["穄"] = "(millet)", ["穆"] = "solemn", ["穇"] = "{{taxlink|Panicum frumentaceum|species}}", ["穈"] = "porridge; rice sprouts", ["穋"] = "late-planted early-ripening grain", ["穌"] = "revive", ["積"] = "to amass; to accumulate; to store; old; long-standing", ["穎"] = "clever; gifted", ["穗"] = "ear of grain", ["穜"] = "early-planted late-ripening grain", ["穟"] = "ear of grain", ["穠"] = "thickly clustered (as blossoms)", ["穡"] = "gather in harvest", ["穢"] = "dirt; filth", ["穧"] = "stack grain stalks evenly", ["穨"] = "become bald; decadent", ["穩"] = "settled; steady; stable", ["穫"] = "reap; harvest", ["穭"] = "wild grain", ["穮"] = "to weed", ["穰"] = "abundant; stalk of grain", ["穴"] = "hole; cave", ["穵"] = "dig; scoop out", ["究"] = "after all; to investigate; to study carefully", ["穸"] = "the gloom of the grave; a tomb or grave; death", ["穹"] = "arched; lofty; vast", ["空"] = "emptied; leisure; air; sky; empty; in vain", ["穿"] = "to bore through; pierce; perforate; penetrate; pass through; to dress; to wear; to put on; to thread", ["窀"] = "grave", ["突"] = "to dash; to move forward quickly", ["窄"] = "narrow", ["窅"] = "deep", ["窆"] = "put a coffin in grave", ["窈"] = "deep; quiet and elegant", ["窊"] = "lowland swamp", ["窋"] = "in a hole", ["窌"] = "cellar", ["窒"] = "obstruct; stop up", ["窔"] = "dark; deep; southeast corner of room", ["窕"] = "quiet and elegant", ["窖"] = "cellar", ["窗"] = "shutter; window", ["窘"] = "distressed; embarrassed", ["窞"] = "pit; cave", ["窟"] = "cave; hole", ["窠"] = "nest", ["窣"] = "rush out of a den; rustling", ["窨"] = "cellar; to scent tea with flowers", ["窩"] = "nest", ["窪"] = "depression; sunken; swamp", ["窬"] = "hole in a wall", ["窮"] = "exhausted; poor", ["窯"] = "kiln; oven", ["窳"] = "bad; useless; weak", ["窴"] = "fill in", ["窵"] = "deep; distant; profound", ["窶"] = "poor; rustic", ["窸"] = "disturbing noises", ["窺"] = "peep; pry into", ["窾"] = "hollow; ignorant", ["窿"] = "cavity; hole", ["竁"] = "dig a hole", ["竄"] = "flee; escape; run away; leap", ["竅"] = "intelligence; opening", ["竇"] = "hole; aperture; cavity; (anatomy) sinus", ["竊"] = "steal; secretly; personally", ["立"] = "set up; to stand", ["竑"] = "large; to estimate", ["站"] = "station; to stand; to halt; to stop", ["竟"] = "unexpectedly; actually; to go so far as to; indeed", ["章"] = "chapter; seal; section", ["竣"] = "complete; finish", ["童"] = "boy; child; children", ["竦"] = "horrified; incite; raise", ["竭"] = "exhaust", ["端"] = "end; extremity; item; port; to hold something level with both hands; to carry; regular", ["競"] = "to compete; to contend; to struggle", ["竹"] = "bamboo", ["竺"] = "''surname''", ["竽"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["竿"] = "pole", ["笄"] = "15 years old; hairpin for bun", ["笆"] = "an article made of bamboo strips; fence", ["笈"] = "trunks (for books)", ["笊"] = "", ["笎"] = "bamboo with black patches", ["笏"] = "tablet held at an audience", ["笐"] = "bamboos placed across wooden frames on which grain may be stored in damp climates", ["笑"] = "laugh; smile", ["笙"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["笛"] = "flute", ["笞"] = "to whip with bamboo strips", ["笠"] = "bamboo rain hat", ["笤"] = "", ["笥"] = "hamper; trunk", ["符"] = "mark; sign; talisman; to seal; to correspond (to); tally; symbol; written charm; to coincide", ["笨"] = "stupid; foolish; silly; slow-witted; clumsy", ["笪"] = "''surname''; rough bamboo mat", ["笫"] = "planks of bed; sleeping-mat", ["第"] = "(''ordinal prefix''); -th; rank", ["笭"] = "bamboo screen", ["笮"] = "board under tiles on roof; narrow", ["笰"] = "duster", ["笱"] = "basket for trapping fish", ["笲"] = "osier basket of brides", ["笳"] = "whistle made of reed", ["笵"] = "bamboo mould", ["笸"] = "flat basket-tray", ["笻"] = "note: song screen font is wrong. should be", ["筅"] = "bamboo brush for utensils", ["筆"] = "pen; pencil; writing brush; to write or compose; the strokes of Chinese characters", ["筇"] = "species of bamboo", ["筈"] = "arrow end", ["等"] = "class; rank; grade; equal to; same as; wait for; await; et cetera; and so on", ["筊"] = "bamboo rope", ["筋"] = "muscle", ["筌"] = "bamboo fish trap", ["筍"] = "bamboo shoot", ["筎"] = "thin outside skin of bamboo", ["筏"] = "raft (of logs)", ["筐"] = "basket", ["筑"] = "build; five-string lute", ["築"] = "build; five-string lute", ["筒"] = "tube; cylinder", ["答"] = "reply; answer; return; respond; echo; to answer; agree", ["策"] = "method; plan; policy; scheme", ["筘"] = "(a measure of width of cloth)", ["筠"] = "skin of bamboo", ["筤"] = "young bamboo", ["筥"] = "round bamboo basket", ["筦"] = "''surname''; to control; tube; pipe", ["筧"] = "bamboo water pipe", ["筩"] = "tube; cylinder", ["筭"] = "regard as; to figure", ["筮"] = "divine by stalk", ["筰"] = "cable", ["筱"] = "dwarf bamboo; thin bamboo", ["筲"] = "basket; bucket", ["筳"] = "bamboo pole; spindle", ["筴"] = "policy; scheme", ["筵"] = "bamboo mat for sitting", ["筷"] = "chopstick", ["筸"] = "name of a place in Henan", ["箂"] = "(bamboo)", ["箇"] = "general classifier", ["箊"] = "bamboo with thin; wide leaves", ["箋"] = "letter; note-paper", ["箍"] = "hoop; bind with hoops", ["箎"] = "bamboo flute with 8 holes", ["箏"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["箐"] = "to draw a bamboo bow or crossbow", ["箑"] = "fan", ["箔"] = "bamboo screen; door screen; metal foil; leaf; sheet; tinsel", ["箕"] = "winnow basket", ["算"] = "regard as; to figure; to calculate; to compute", ["箘"] = "bamboo shoots", ["箙"] = "quiver", ["箛"] = "(bamboo); trumpet for chariots", ["箜"] = "ancient string music instrument", ["箝"] = "pliers; pincers; to clamp", ["箠"] = "flog; whip", ["管"] = "to take care (of); to control; to manage; to be in charge of; to look after; to run; tube; pipe", ["箬"] = "(bamboo); skin of bamboo", ["箭"] = "arrow", ["箯"] = "bamboo sedan chair", ["箱"] = "box; trunk; chest", ["箴"] = "warn", ["箸"] = "chopsticks", ["箾"] = "hit with a pole; pole dance", ["節"] = "festival; section; segment; point; part; to economize; to save; temperate", ["篁"] = "(bamboo); bamboo grove", ["範"] = "model", ["篆"] = "seal characters", ["篇"] = "sheet; piece of writing; (a measure word); chapter; article", ["篋"] = "portfolio; trunk", ["篌"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["篔"] = "(bamboo)", ["篘"] = "basket for straining; to strain", ["篙"] = "pole for punting boats", ["篚"] = "round covered basket", ["篛"] = "cuticle of bamboo plant", ["篜"] = "bamboo", ["篝"] = "bamboo frame for drying clothes", ["篟"] = "luxuriant growth of bamboo", ["篠"] = "dwarf bamboo", ["篡"] = "to seize; to usurp", ["篢"] = "bamboo hat", ["篤"] = "serious (illness); sincere; true", ["篥"] = "bamboos good for poles; horn", ["篦"] = "fine-toothed comb; to comb", ["篧"] = "creel for trapping fish", ["篨"] = "crude bamboo mat", ["篩"] = "to filter; to sift; to sieve", ["篪"] = "bamboo flute with 8 holes", ["篰"] = "sieve-like utensil", ["篲"] = "broom", ["篳"] = "wicker", ["篴"] = "flute", ["篷"] = "sail", ["篹"] = "compose; compile; food; delicacies", ["篾"] = "bamboo splints for baskets", ["簁"] = "sieve; to sift, to strain", ["簃"] = "small house connected to large one", ["簆"] = "healds of a loom", ["簇"] = "crowded; frame work for silkworms; gather foliage; a measure word; bunch", ["簋"] = "round basket of bamboo", ["簌"] = "dense vegetation; sieve", ["簍"] = "deep basket", ["簏"] = "box; basket", ["簑"] = "raincape made of grass", ["簜"] = "(bamboo)", ["簞"] = "round basket for cooked rice", ["簟"] = "fine woven grass mat", ["簠"] = "basket used in state worship", ["簡"] = "simple", ["簣"] = "basket for carrying soil", ["簥"] = "large pipe", ["簦"] = "large umbrella for stalls", ["簧"] = "metallic reed; spring of lock", ["簨"] = "cross-beam for hanging bells", ["簪"] = "hairpin", ["簫"] = "(flute); pan pipes; xiao - a vertical bamboo flute", ["簬"] = "(bamboo)", ["簰"] = "bamboo raft", ["簷"] = "eaves", ["簸"] = "dust pan; toss (as waves); to winnow", ["簹"] = "(bamboo)", ["簻"] = "big; hunger", ["簽"] = "sign one's name", ["簾"] = "curtain", ["簿"] = "a book; a register; account-book", ["籀"] = "''surname''; (writing); develop", ["籃"] = "basket; goal", ["籊"] = "long bamboo (for fishing rod)", ["籌"] = "a tally; counter; ticket; plan; devise; manage", ["籍"] = "record; register; native place", ["籐"] = "rattan; cane", ["籓"] = "big winnow basket", ["籔"] = "basket for draining rice", ["籙"] = "chart; list; memorandum", ["籚"] = "basket made of rush; spear-shaft", ["籛"] = "''surname''", ["籜"] = "sheath around joints of bamboo", ["籟"] = "music; musical pipe with 3 reeds", ["籠"] = "basket; cage", ["籣"] = "bow case; quiver", ["籤"] = "a note; a stick; sign one's name", ["籥"] = "flute; key", ["籧"] = "crude bamboo mat", ["籩"] = "basket for fruits", ["籪"] = "bamboo fish trap", ["籫"] = "bamboo utensil", ["籬"] = "a fence", ["籮"] = "basket", ["籯"] = "slender basket for chopsticks", ["籲"] = "implore", ["米"] = "rice; metre", ["籵"] = "dm", ["籸"] = "residue from oil making", ["籹"] = "cakes of rice-flour and honey", ["籽"] = "seeds", ["粁"] = "kilometre", ["粉"] = "dust; powder", ["粑"] = "tsamba (food in Tibet)", ["粒"] = "a grain; a granule", ["粔"] = "cakes made from rice flour twisted into rings", ["粕"] = "grains in distilled liquor", ["粗"] = "coarse; rough; thick; unfinished; vulgar; rude; crude", ["粘"] = "to stick; paste; sticky", ["粞"] = "ground rice; thresh rice", ["粟"] = "grain; millet", ["粢"] = "common millet", ["粥"] = "congee; gruel; porridge", ["粨"] = "hectometre", ["粱"] = "millet", ["粲"] = "beautiful; bright; splendid; smilingly", ["粵"] = "Cantonese; Guangdong", ["粹"] = "pure; unmixed; essence", ["粺"] = "polished rice", ["粻"] = "food; white cooked rice", ["粼"] = "clear (as of water)", ["粽"] = "rice dumplings wrapped in leaves", ["精"] = "energy; perfect; excellent; refined; very; proficient", ["粿"] = "cooked rice for making cake", ["糅"] = "mix", ["糈"] = "official pay; sacrificial rice", ["糊"] = "paste; cream; muddled; scorched", ["糒"] = "food for a journey; cakes", ["糔"] = "to wash (rice; etc.)", ["糕"] = "cake", ["糖"] = "sugar; sweets; candy", ["糗"] = "''surname''; dry provisions", ["糙"] = "rough; coarse (in texture)", ["糜"] = "dissolved; rice-gruel; wasted", ["糝"] = "to mix (of powders)", ["糞"] = "manure; dung", ["糟"] = "alcohol dregs; to waste; decayed", ["糠"] = "husk", ["糢"] = "blurred", ["糧"] = "grain; provisions", ["糨"] = "starch; paste; to starch", ["糯"] = "glutinous rice", ["糰"] = "dumpling", ["糱"] = "fermenting grain; yeast", ["糲"] = "coarse (grain)", ["糴"] = "buy up (grain)", ["糶"] = "sell (grain from granary)", ["糸"] = "fine silk", ["系"] = "be; system; to tie; department; faculty", ["糾"] = "gather together; to investigate; to entangle; correct", ["紀"] = "discipline; age; era; period; order; record", ["紂"] = "name of an emperor; saddle crupper", ["紃"] = "bind; silk cords", ["約"] = "appointment; agreement; to arrange; to restrict; approximately; weigh", ["紅"] = "red; revolutionary; prosperity; bonus; popular", ["紆"] = "''surname''; cord; twist", ["紇"] = "tassels; knot", ["紈"] = "white; white silk", ["紉"] = "to string; to thread (needle)", ["紊"] = "involved; tangled; disorder", ["紋"] = "line; trace; mark", ["納"] = "to accept; to pay (taxes, etc.)", ["紐"] = "to turn; to wrench; button", ["紑"] = "bright; glossy (of silk)", ["紓"] = "slow; to free from", ["純"] = "pure; simple; unmixed; genuine", ["紕"] = "error; carelessness; spoiled silk", ["紗"] = "cotton yarn; muslin", ["紘"] = "cord for hat; vast", ["紙"] = "paper", ["級"] = "level; grade; rank; step", ["紛"] = "numerous; disorderly", ["紜"] = "numerous", ["紝"] = "thread used for weaving", ["紞"] = "silk fringe of a coronet", ["紟"] = "a sash; to tie", ["素"] = "plain; element", ["紡"] = "spin", ["索"] = "to search; to demand; to ask; to exact; large rope; isolated", ["紩"] = "to stitch; mend", ["紫"] = "purple; violet; imperial; palace", ["紬"] = "silk", ["紮"] = "tie with string or ribbon; bind with rope or cord; to stop", ["累"] = "accumulate; implicate; tired; cumbersome", ["細"] = "fine; minutely; thin; slender", ["紱"] = "ribbon for a seal; sash", ["紲"] = "leash; rein", ["紳"] = "member of gentry", ["紵"] = "Boehmeria nivea", ["紹"] = "connect; to introduce", ["紺"] = "violet or purple", ["紼"] = "heavy rope; rope of a bier", ["紽"] = "braid on a robe", ["紾"] = "crooked; obstinate; twist a cord", ["紿"] = "bind; pretend; to fool", ["絀"] = "crimson silk; deficiency; to stitch", ["絁"] = "rough, indelicate silk", ["終"] = "end; finish", ["絃"] = "string of mus. instr.", ["組"] = "to form; compose; make up; group; to organize; cord", ["絅"] = "monotone garment with no lining", ["絆"] = "to trip; stumble; hinder", ["絏"] = "leash; rein", ["結"] = "knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit); bond; to tie; to bind", ["絓"] = "anxious; coarse silk; fasten", ["絕"] = "cut short; extinct; to disappear; to vanish; absolutely; by no means", ["絖"] = "fine floss-silk or cotton", ["絛"] = "braid; cord; sash", ["絜"] = "marking line; pure; regulate; clean", ["絞"] = "hang (a criminal); to turn; to twist; to wind", ["絡"] = "net-like; small net", ["絢"] = "adorned; swift", ["給"] = "to supply; provide; to; for; for the benefit of; to give; to allow; to do something (for someone); (passive particle)", ["絨"] = "velvet; woolen", ["絪"] = "generative force; magic emanation", ["絮"] = "line with cotton wadding", ["絰"] = "hempen cloth worn by mourner", ["統"] = "to gather; to unite; to unify; whole", ["絲"] = "silk; thread; trace", ["絳"] = "purple-red", ["絹"] = "thick but loosely woven silk", ["絺"] = "fine fibres of hemp; linen", ["絻"] = "cap", ["絿"] = "urgent; pressing", ["綀"] = "a kind of sackcloth", ["綁"] = "to tie; bind or fasten together", ["綃"] = "raw silk", ["綅"] = "red silk crest of helmet", ["綆"] = "rope; well-rope", ["綈"] = "coarse greenish black pongee", ["綌"] = "coarse hempen fabric", ["綍"] = "heavy rope; ropes of a bier", ["綎"] = "silk braided cord", ["綏"] = "pacify", ["綑"] = "a bunch; tie together", ["經"] = "classics; sacred book; pass through; to undergo; scripture", ["綖"] = "cap tassels", ["綜"] = "to sum up", ["綠"] = "green", ["綢"] = "(light) silk", ["綣"] = "bound in a league", ["綦"] = "dark grey; superlative; variegated", ["綪"] = "dark red colour (of silk product)", ["綬"] = "cord on a seal", ["維"] = "to preserve; to maintain; to hold together; dimension", ["綮"] = "embroidered banner", ["綯"] = "bind; cord; twist", ["綰"] = "bind up; string together", ["綱"] = "head rope of a fishing net; guiding principle; key link; (taxonomy) class; outline; programme", ["網"] = "net; network", ["綴"] = "sew; stitch together; combine; link; connect", ["綵"] = "coloured; variegated", ["綸"] = "classify; silk thread; twist silk", ["綹"] = "skein; tuft; lock", ["綺"] = "beautiful; open-work silk", ["綻"] = "ripped seam", ["綽"] = "generous; ample; wide; spacious; well-off; cook by scalding (see 焯)", ["綾"] = "damask; thin silk", ["綿"] = "cotton; incessant; soft; downy", ["緁"] = "to join, to splice, to braid", ["緄"] = "cord; embroidered sash; sew", ["緅"] = "purple silk", ["緇"] = "Buddhists; black silk; dark", ["緊"] = "tight; nervous; strict", ["緋"] = "dark red; purple silk", ["緌"] = "strings of cap", ["緎"] = "seam", ["緒"] = "beginnings; clues; mental state; thread", ["緗"] = "light yellow colour", ["緘"] = "letters; to close; seal", ["緙"] = "to woof", ["線"] = "thread; string; wire; line", ["緝"] = "to stitch finely", ["緞"] = "satin", ["締"] = "closely joined; connection; knot", ["緡"] = "cord; fishing-line; string of coins", ["緣"] = "along; predestined affinity; reason; edge", ["緦"] = "fine linen", ["編"] = "weave; plait; organize; group; arrange; edit; compile; write; compose; fabricate", ["緩"] = "slow; sluggish; gradual; to postpone", ["緪"] = "a rope", ["緬"] = "Burma; distant", ["緯"] = "latitude", ["緰"] = "net", ["緱"] = "''surname''", ["緲"] = "indistinct", ["練"] = "to practise; to train; to perfect (one's skill); to drill", ["緶"] = "braid", ["緹"] = "orange red silk", ["緻"] = "fine and close", ["縃"] = "fine silk", ["縈"] = "wind around", ["縉"] = "red silk", ["縊"] = "hang; strangle oneself", ["縋"] = "let down with a rope", ["縏"] = "small bag; sack", ["縐"] = "crepe; wrinkle", ["縑"] = "thick waterproof silk", ["縕"] = "hemp; vague; mysterious; generative force; orange colour", ["縗"] = "mourning garments", ["縚"] = "braid; cord; sash", ["縛"] = "to bind; to tie", ["縝"] = "fine and close", ["縞"] = "plain white silk", ["縟"] = "adorned; beautiful", ["縠"] = "fine silk gauze", ["縡"] = "matter, affair", ["縢"] = "bind; cord; tie up", ["縣"] = "a district; county", ["縫"] = "crack; seam; to sew; to stitch", ["縭"] = "bridal veil or kerchief", ["縮"] = "to withdraw; to pull back; to contract; to shrink; to reduce", ["縯"] = "long", ["縰"] = "band for the hair", ["縱"] = "even if; release; vertical", ["縲"] = "bind; bond", ["縳"] = "tie up", ["縴"] = "boatman's tow-rope", ["縵"] = "plain thin silk; slow; unadorned", ["縶"] = "connect; tie up", ["縷"] = "state in detail; strand; thread", ["縹"] = "misty; indistinct", ["縻"] = "tie up", ["總"] = "always; to assemble; gather; total; overall; head; chief; general; in every case", ["績"] = "merit; accomplishment", ["縿"] = "fringe; ornament of banner", ["繁"] = "complicated; many; in great numbers", ["繃"] = "to have a taut face; to stretch; taut; to tie; to bind", ["繄"] = "interj.; sighing sound", ["繅"] = "reel silk from cocoons", ["繆"] = "to wind round; ''surname''", ["繇"] = "cause; means; interpretations of the trigrams; folk-song; forced labour", ["繈"] = "cloth for carrying baby on back", ["繐"] = "fine and loose cloth; tassel", ["繒"] = "to tie; to bind; ''surname''; silk fabrics", ["織"] = "weave", ["繕"] = "make a fair copy of", ["繖"] = "umbrella; parasol", ["繘"] = "a well-rope", ["繙"] = "translate", ["繚"] = "lines for a sail; wind round", ["繞"] = "go around; to wind (around)", ["繠"] = "dangle; hang loosely", ["繡"] = "to embroider", ["繢"] = "multi-colour; to draw", ["繣"] = "obstinate; perverse", ["繨"] = "a knot (of a rope)", ["繩"] = "rope", ["繪"] = "to draw; to paint", ["繫"] = "connect; to tie", ["繭"] = "cocoon", ["繯"] = "bind; tie; noose", ["繰"] = "to reel silk from cocoons", ["繳"] = "hand in; hand over", ["繸"] = "tassel", ["繹"] = "continuous; explain; unravel", ["繻"] = "fine silk", ["繼"] = "to continue; to follow after; then; afterwards; to go on with; to succeed; to inherit", ["繽"] = "helter-skelter; mixed colours; in confusion", ["繾"] = "attached to; loving", ["纁"] = "crimson", ["纂"] = "compile", ["纆"] = "bind; cord", ["纇"] = "flaw; knot", ["纈"] = "knot; tie a knot", ["纊"] = "fine floss-silk or cotton", ["續"] = "continue; replenish", ["纍"] = "bind; creep; dispirited", ["纏"] = "to bother; wind around; wrap round; coil; involve; annoy; tangle", ["纑"] = "hempen thread; to dress hemp", ["纓"] = "tassel of hat", ["纔"] = "just; not until", ["纕"] = "cord to hold up sleeves", ["纖"] = "fine; delicate; minute", ["纘"] = "carry on", ["纙"] = "string on which coins are strung", ["纚"] = "long; dangling; kerchief; rope", ["纛"] = "big banner; feather banner or fan", ["纜"] = "cable; hawser", ["缶"] = "pottery", ["缸"] = "jar; vat", ["缺"] = "lack; scarce; vacant post; to run short of", ["缽"] = "alms bowl; small earthenware basin", ["缾"] = "vase; bottle; pitcher", ["罃"] = "earthen jar with long neck", ["罄"] = "entirely; exhausted; stern", ["罅"] = "crack; grudge", ["罈"] = "earthen jar", ["罋"] = "earthen jar; urn", ["罌"] = "earthen jar with small mouth", ["罍"] = "jar; wooden drinking cup", ["罏"] = "pile of earth to keep wine jars", ["罐"] = "can; jar; pot", ["网"] = "a net", ["罔"] = "deceive; there is none", ["罕"] = "rare", ["罘"] = "net for catching the rabbit", ["罛"] = "large fishing net", ["罝"] = "net for catching rabbits", ["罟"] = "implicate; net for birds or fish", ["罠"] = "animal trap", ["罡"] = "(stars)", ["罣"] = "anxious about", ["罥"] = "impede", ["罦"] = "net for catching birds", ["罨"] = "foment; valve", ["罩"] = "cover; fish trap (basket); shade", ["罪"] = "guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin", ["罫"] = "squares of a chess board", ["罭"] = "drag-net", ["置"] = "to install; to place; to put", ["罰"] = "to punish; to penalize", ["署"] = "office; bureau", ["罵"] = "scold; abuse", ["罶"] = "creel; fish basket", ["罷"] = "(final part.); to stop; cease; dismiss; suspend; to quit; to finish", ["罹"] = "happen to; sorrow; suffer from", ["罻"] = "bird net", ["罽"] = "(fishing net); woolen rug", ["罾"] = "large square net", ["罿"] = "bird net", ["羃"] = "cover of cloth for food; veil", ["羅"] = "to collect; to gather; to catch; to shift; gauze", ["羆"] = "(bear)", ["羇"] = "inn; to lodge", ["羈"] = "halter; restrain", ["羊"] = "caprid", ["羋"] = "''surname''", ["羌"] = "educated; name of a tribe; strong", ["美"] = "beautiful; beauty; America", ["羑"] = "to lead", ["羔"] = "lamb", ["羖"] = "black ewe", ["羚"] = "antelope", ["羜"] = "five-month-old lamb", ["羝"] = "billy goat; ram", ["羞"] = "shy; ashamed; shame; bashful", ["羢"] = "wool of sheep", ["群"] = "crowd; flock; group", ["羥"] = "hydroxyl (radical)", ["羧"] = "(chem.) carboxyl (radical)", ["羨"] = "to envy", ["義"] = "justice; righteousness; meaning", ["羭"] = "black ram", ["羯"] = "castrated buck caprid", ["羰"] = "carbonyl (radical)", ["羱"] = "ovis ammon", ["羲"] = "''surname''; name of an emperor", ["羵"] = "spirit", ["羶"] = "rank odour (of sheep or goats)", ["羸"] = "entangled; lean", ["羹"] = "soup", ["羼"] = "confusion; sheep crowding", ["羽"] = "feather", ["羿"] = "name of a famous archer", ["翀"] = "soar", ["翁"] = "elderly person", ["翃"] = "to swarm (of insects)", ["翅"] = "wing", ["翊"] = "assist; ready to fly; respect", ["翌"] = "bright; tomorrow", ["翎"] = "tail feathers", ["翏"] = "the sound of the wind; to soar", ["習"] = "to practise; to study; habit", ["翔"] = "soar", ["翕"] = "agree", ["翛"] = "hastiness", ["翟"] = "''surname''; long-tail pheasant", ["翠"] = "bluish-green; green jade", ["翡"] = "green jade; kingfisher", ["翣"] = "wooden fan carried in procession", ["翥"] = "soar", ["翦"] = "cut with scissors; scissors", ["翩"] = "fly fast", ["翪"] = "uneven flight of a bird", ["翫"] = "play with", ["翬"] = "to fly; variegated pheasant", ["翮"] = "quill", ["翯"] = "glistening plumage of birds", ["翰"] = "pen", ["翱"] = "soar; hover", ["翳"] = "feather screen; to screen; to shade", ["翹"] = "outstanding; to raise", ["翻"] = "flit about; translate; turn over", ["翼"] = "wing", ["翽"] = "noise of bird's wings", ["翾"] = "flirtatious; short flight", ["翿"] = "feather banner or fan", ["耀"] = "brilliant; glorious", ["老"] = "old; aged; venerable; outdated; experienced; (affectionate prefix)", ["考"] = "to check; to verify; to test; to examine", ["耄"] = "aged", ["者"] = "-ist, -er (person); person (who does something)", ["耆"] = "man of sixty or seventy", ["耇"] = "wrinkled face of the elderly", ["耋"] = "aged; in one's eighties", ["而"] = "and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)", ["耍"] = "play with; to juggle", ["耎"] = "pliable", ["耏"] = "''surname''; beard", ["耐"] = "to withstand; to bear", ["耑"] = "concentrated; specialized", ["耒"] = "plough", ["耔"] = "hoe up soil around plants", ["耕"] = "to plough; to till", ["耗"] = "to waste; to spend; to consume; to squander; mouse; new", ["耘"] = "to weed", ["耙"] = "a rake; harrow", ["耜"] = "plough; ploughshare", ["耞"] = "flail", ["耡"] = "hoe", ["耤"] = "plough", ["耦"] = "pair; mate; ploughshare", ["耨"] = "hoe", ["耩"] = "to plough; to sow", ["耪"] = "to weed", ["耬"] = "drill for sowing grain", ["耰"] = "harrow", ["耳"] = "ear", ["耶"] = "(final part.); ''phonetic''", ["耷"] = "big ear; to droop", ["耽"] = "indulge; delay", ["耿"] = "bright", ["聃"] = "ears without rim", ["聆"] = "to listen", ["聊"] = "to chat; to have a chat; to kill time", ["聖"] = "holy; sacred; saint; sage", ["聘"] = "betrothed; engage (teacher); hire", ["聚"] = "form gathering; gather", ["聝"] = "cut off the left ear of the slain", ["聞"] = "hear; news; celebrated; sniff at", ["聯"] = "to ally; to unite; to join", ["聰"] = "quick at hearing; wise; clever; sharp-witted; intelligent; acute", ["聱"] = "difficult to pronounce", ["聲"] = "sound; voice; (a measure word, used for sounds); tone; noise", ["聳"] = "excite; raise up; to shrug; high; lofty; towering", ["聵"] = "born deaf; deaf", ["聶"] = "''surname''; whisper", ["職"] = "office; duty", ["聹"] = "earwax", ["聽"] = "let; allow; listen; hear; obey", ["聾"] = "deaf", ["聿"] = "introductory part.; pen", ["肄"] = "descendants; distress; practice", ["肅"] = "Gansu; respectful", ["肆"] = "four (fraud-proof); market", ["肇"] = "at first; devise; originate", ["肉"] = "meat; flesh", ["肋"] = "rib", ["肌"] = "flesh; muscle", ["肏"] = "to fuck", ["肐"] = "armpit, arms", ["肓"] = "region between heart and diaphragm", ["肕"] = "tough, strong, hard", ["肖"] = "similar; resembling; to resemble; to be like", ["肘"] = "elbow; pork shoulder", ["肙"] = "a small worm; to twist; to surround; empty", ["肚"] = "belly; tripe", ["肛"] = "anus", ["肜"] = "''surname''", ["肝"] = "liver", ["股"] = "share; portion; section; part; thigh; (a measure word, e.g., use with electric current); whiff", ["肢"] = "limb", ["肥"] = "fat; fertile; loose-fitting", ["肩"] = "shoulder", ["肪"] = "animal fat", ["肫"] = "gizzard", ["肮"] = "filthy", ["肯"] = "to agree; to consent; to be ready (to do something); willing", ["肱"] = "brachium; humerus", ["育"] = "nourish; to rear", ["肴"] = "meat dishes", ["肵"] = "table", ["肸"] = "giggle; scatter", ["肺"] = "lung", ["肼"] = "hydrazine", ["肽"] = "peptide", ["胂"] = "arsine", ["胃"] = "stomach", ["胄"] = "descendants", ["胊"] = "yoke", ["背"] = "learn by heart; the back of the body; to be burdened; to carry on the back or shoulder", ["胍"] = "guanidine", ["胎"] = "fetus; litter", ["胏"] = "dried meat with bone", ["胑"] = "wings of birds; legs of animals", ["胔"] = "rotten meat; bones of dead animal", ["胖"] = "fat; plump", ["胗"] = "gizzard", ["胙"] = "confer upon; sacrificial flesh", ["胚"] = "fetus", ["胛"] = "shoulder blade", ["胜"] = "peptide", ["胝"] = "callous", ["胞"] = "the placenta; womb", ["胠"] = "flank of animal; open", ["胡"] = "barbarian; recklessly; ''surname''", ["胤"] = "heir; inherit", ["胥"] = "all; assist; to store", ["胦"] = "the navel", ["胭"] = "rouge", ["胯"] = "thigh; leg", ["胰"] = "pancreas; soap", ["胱"] = "bladder", ["胲"] = "hydroxylamine", ["胳"] = "armpit", ["胴"] = "large intestine; torso", ["胸"] = "chest; bosom; heart; mind; thorax", ["胹"] = "to boil", ["胺"] = "amine", ["胼"] = "callous on hand or foot", ["能"] = "ability; can; may; capable; energy; able", ["胾"] = "cut meat into pieces; diced meat", ["脂"] = "fat", ["脅"] = "side of body; threaten", ["脆"] = "brittle; fragile; crisp; clear and loud voice; neat", ["脈"] = "mountain range; pulse", ["脊"] = "spine; back; ridge", ["脖"] = "neck", ["脘"] = "internal cavity of stomach", ["脛"] = "lower part of leg", ["脝"] = "fat; bloated", ["脞"] = "chopped meat; trifles", ["脡"] = "brisket meat; straight", ["脢"] = "meat on the back of an animal", ["脣"] = "lip", ["脤"] = "sacrificial meat (raw)", ["脥"] = "pelvic cavity; lower abdomen", ["脧"] = "fleece; extort; reduce", ["脩"] = "cultivate; repair; teacher's pay", ["脫"] = "to shed; to take off; to escape; to get away from", ["脬"] = "bladder", ["脯"] = "chest (thorax); candied fruit", ["脰"] = "neck; throat", ["脲"] = "urea", ["脹"] = "dropsical; swollen; to swell; to be bloated", ["脾"] = "spleen", ["腆"] = "make strong (as liquors); virtuous", ["腊"] = "preserved (meat)", ["腋"] = "armpit", ["腌"] = "to salt; pickle", ["腍"] = "be satiated; cooked; good-tasting", ["腎"] = "kidney", ["腐"] = "decay; rotten", ["腑"] = "internal organs", ["腒"] = "dried poultry", ["腓"] = "calf of leg; decay; protect", ["腔"] = "cavity of body; tune", ["腕"] = "wrist", ["腜"] = "quickening of the fetus", ["腠"] = "the tissue between the skin and the flesh", ["腥"] = "fishy (smell)", ["腦"] = "brain", ["腫"] = "swollen", ["腮"] = "gills; lower part of cheeks", ["腯"] = "fat (of pigs)", ["腰"] = "waist; lower back; pocket; middle", ["腱"] = "gristle", ["腳"] = "role; foot; base", ["腴"] = "fat on belly; fertile; rich", ["腶"] = "dried meat", ["腸"] = "intestines", ["腹"] = "abdomen; stomach; belly", ["腺"] = "gland", ["腿"] = "leg", ["膀"] = "to flirt; puffed (swollen); bladder; upper arm; wing", ["膂"] = "backbone; strength", ["膆"] = "crop of a bird; fat", ["膇"] = "swelling of foot", ["膈"] = "diaphragm", ["膊"] = "shoulder; upper arm", ["膋"] = "fat on intestines", ["膏"] = "ointment; paste", ["膕"] = "hollow", ["膗"] = "ugly and fat; too fat to move", ["膘"] = "fat of a stock animal", ["膙"] = "callous", ["膚"] = "skin", ["膛"] = "chest (of body); hollow space; throat", ["膜"] = "membrane; film; to prostrate", ["膝"] = "knee", ["膟"] = "sacrificial flesh", ["膠"] = "glue; gum", ["膣"] = "vagina", ["膦"] = "phosphine", ["膨"] = "swollen", ["膩"] = "greasy; tired of", ["膰"] = "cooked meat used in sacrifice", ["膲"] = "the three divisions of the viscera (med.)", ["膳"] = "meals", ["膴"] = "big piece of meat; dried meat", ["膵"] = "pancreas", ["膷"] = "hashed beef; soup", ["膺"] = "breast; receive", ["膻"] = "rank odour (of sheep or goats)", ["膽"] = "the gall; the nerve; courage; guts; gall bladder", ["膾"] = "minced fish or meat", ["膿"] = "pus", ["臀"] = "butt; buttocks", ["臂"] = "arm", ["臃"] = "swell up; swelling; fat", ["臄"] = "palate; sausage", ["臆"] = "feelings; opinion; thoughts", ["臇"] = "fat, rich; a stew of fish", ["臉"] = "face", ["臊"] = "bashfulness; smell of urine", ["臌"] = "dropsical; swollen", ["臍"] = "navel", ["臏"] = "kneecap; patella", ["臐"] = "lamb soup", ["臑"] = "soft", ["臕"] = "fat; gross, sleek", ["臘"] = "12th month of Chinese calendar; preserved (meat)", ["臙"] = "rouge", ["臚"] = "belly; skin; to state", ["臛"] = "meat broth", ["臝"] = "naked", ["臟"] = "viscera", ["臠"] = "skinny; sliced meat", ["臣"] = "statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official", ["臥"] = "to lie; to crouch", ["臧"] = "''surname''; good; lucky", ["臨"] = "to face; to overlook; to arrive; to be (just) about to; just before", ["自"] = "from; self; oneself; since", ["臬"] = "provincial judge", ["臭"] = "sense of smell; smell bad; stench; stink; smelly; to smell (bad)", ["臲"] = "tottering; unsteady", ["至"] = "arrive; most; to; until", ["致"] = "to send; to devote; to deliver; to cause; to convey", ["臺"] = "(measure word); platform; stage; terrace; stand; support; desk; station; broadcasting station", ["臻"] = "to reach; utmost", ["臼"] = "mortar", ["臾"] = "''surname''; a moment; little while", ["臿"] = "to separate the grain from the husk", ["舀"] = "to scoop", ["舁"] = "to lift; raise", ["舂"] = "to pound (grain); beat", ["舄"] = "shoe; slipper", ["舅"] = "maternal uncle", ["與"] = "and; to give; together with; take part in; (interrog. part.)", ["興"] = "interest; flourish; it is the fashion to; to become popular", ["舉"] = "to lift; to hold up; to cite; to enumerate; to act; to raise; to choose; to elect", ["舊"] = "old (opposite of new); former", ["舋"] = "offer blood in sacrifice", ["舌"] = "tongue", ["舍"] = "residence", ["舐"] = "to lick; lap", ["舒"] = "relax; stretch; slow", ["舔"] = "to lick; to lap", ["舖"] = "a store", ["舛"] = "mistaken; erroneous; contradictory", ["舜"] = "name of an emperor", ["舞"] = "to dance; to wield; to brandish", ["舟"] = "boat", ["舠"] = "kayak", ["舡"] = "boat; ship", ["航"] = "boat; ship; vessel; craft; to navigate; to sail", ["舫"] = "2 boats lashed together; large boat", ["般"] = "sort; kind; class; way; manner", ["舲"] = "small boat with windows", ["舳"] = "poop deck; stern of boat", ["舵"] = "helm; rudder", ["舶"] = "sea-going vessels; ship", ["舷"] = "sides of boat", ["舸"] = "barge", ["船"] = "a boat; vessel; ship", ["舺"] = "(boat)", ["艄"] = "stern of boat", ["艅"] = "a dispatch boat", ["艇"] = "small boat", ["艎"] = "fast-sailing boat", ["艑"] = "skiff", ["艕"] = "two boats fastened side by side", ["艖"] = "raft; boat", ["艗"] = "bow of a Chinese boat", ["艘"] = "measure word for boats and ships (mainland pronunciation); measure word for warships (Taiwan pronunciation)", ["艙"] = "cabin; the hold of a ship or aeroplane", ["艚"] = "sea-going junk", ["艜"] = "a long narrow vessel with two masts", ["艣"] = "sculling oar", ["艤"] = "moor a boat to the bank", ["艦"] = "warship", ["艨"] = "war-boat", ["艩"] = "tholepin", ["艫"] = "bow of ship", ["艬"] = "large ship", ["艭"] = "boat", ["艮"] = "blunt; tough; chewy; one of the eight diagrams; ''surname''", ["良"] = "good; very; very much", ["艱"] = "difficult; hard; hardship", ["色"] = "colour; dice; look; appearance", ["艴"] = "angry", ["艷"] = "glamorous", ["艸"] = "grass", ["艾"] = "''[[Artemisia vulgaris]]''; [[Chinese mugwort]]", ["芃"] = "luxuriant growth", ["芄"] = "{{taxlink|Metaplexis stauntoni|species}}", ["芊"] = "green; luxuriant growth", ["芋"] = "''[[Colocasia antiquorum]]''", ["芍"] = "{{taxlink|Paeonia albiflora|species}}", ["芑"] = "''[[Panicum miliaceum]]''", ["芒"] = "''[[Miscanthus sinensis]]''", ["芔"] = "a general term for plants", ["芘"] = "''[[Malva sylvestris]]''", ["芚"] = "green sprout; foolish", ["芝"] = "{{taxlink|Zoysia pungens|species}}", ["芟"] = "cut down; mow; scythe", ["芡"] = "''[[Euryale ferox]]''; cornstarch", ["芣"] = "(plantain)", ["芤"] = "hollow; scallion stalk", ["芥"] = "''[[Brassica juncea]]''", ["芧"] = "{{taxlink|Scirpus maritimus|species}}; small chestnut", ["芨"] = "{{taxlink|Bletilla striata|species}} (mucilaginous); Acronym for the Chinese Elder tree 菫草", ["芩"] = "{{taxlink|Phragmites japonicus|species}}", ["芫"] = "''[[Daphne genkwa]]''", ["芬"] = "fragrant", ["芭"] = "a kind of fragrant grass", ["芮"] = "''surname''; small", ["芯"] = "lamp pith; core", ["芰"] = "{{taxlink|Trapa natans|species}}; [[water caltrop]]", ["花"] = "flower; blossom; to spend; fancy pattern", ["芳"] = "fragrant", ["芴"] = "fluorine", ["芷"] = "angelica (type of iris; plant root used for medicine)", ["芸"] = "''[[Ruta graveolens]]''", ["芹"] = "[[Chinese celery]]", ["芻"] = "''surname''; cut grass; hay; straw; fodder", ["芼"] = "select; vegetables", ["芽"] = "bud; sprout", ["芾"] = "luxuriance of vegetation; small", ["苑"] = "park", ["苒"] = "luxuriant growth; passing (of time)", ["苓"] = "fungus; tuber", ["苔"] = "moss; coating (of tongue)", ["苕"] = "{{vern|Chinese trumpet vine}}", ["苗"] = "sprout; seedling; descendant; symptom of a trend; young; vaccine; Miao tribe", ["苙"] = "(herb); pigsty", ["苛"] = "severe; exacting", ["苞"] = "flower calyx; luxuriant; profuse", ["苟"] = "if indeed; thoughtless", ["苠"] = "multitude; skin of bamboo", ["苡"] = "[[Job's tears]]", ["苣"] = "lettuce", ["若"] = "to seem; like; as; if", ["苦"] = "bitter; intensely; miserable; painful", ["苧"] = "[[ramie]] (''[[Boehmeria nivea]]'')", ["苪"] = "bright; shining, splendid", ["苫"] = "straw mat; thatch", ["苯"] = "benzene", ["英"] = "flower; hero; brave; outstanding; Britain (abbrev.); English", ["苳"] = "''[[Petasites japonicus]]''", ["苴"] = "(hemp); ''surname''; sack cloth", ["苶"] = "weary; tired", ["苹"] = "(artemisia); duckweed", ["苺"] = "(wild rose)", ["苻"] = "{{taxlink|Angelica anomala|species}}", ["苾"] = "''phonetic''; fragrant", ["茀"] = "luxuriant growth", ["茁"] = "increase; sprout", ["茂"] = "luxuriant", ["范"] = "pattern; model; example; ''surname''", ["茄"] = "eggplant", ["茅"] = "thatch", ["茇"] = "betel", ["茈"] = "{{taxlink|Lithospermum officinale|species}}; water chestnut", ["茌"] = "name of a district in Shandong", ["茍"] = "if indeed; thoughtless", ["茖"] = "{{taxlink|Allium victorialis|species}}", ["茗"] = "''[[Camellia sinensis]]''; young leaves of tea", ["茛"] = "[[wolfsbane]]", ["茜"] = "[[common madder]] (''[[Rubia cordifolia]]'')", ["茞"] = "fragrant plant; angelica", ["茠"] = "to weed; to eradicate", ["茢"] = "rushes; sedges", ["茥"] = "{{taxlink|Rubus coreanus|species}}", ["茦"] = "pointed grass blade; to prick", ["茨"] = "''[[Tribulus terrestris]]''; thatched hut", ["茫"] = "vague; vast", ["茬"] = "grain stumps; crop", ["茭"] = "wild rice ({{taxlink|Zizania aquatica|species}}; {{taxlink|Oenanthe javanica|species}}", ["茱"] = "Cornelian cherry", ["茲"] = "herewith", ["茳"] = "Shichito matgrass ({{taxlink|Cyperus malaccensis|species}})", ["茴"] = "fennel", ["茵"] = "{{taxlink|Skimmia japonica|species}}; cushion", ["茶"] = "tea; tea plant", ["茷"] = "denseness of grass-foliage", ["茸"] = "confused; fluffy; luxuriant growth", ["茹"] = "eat; [[rubicene]] (chemistry)", ["荀"] = "''surname''", ["荁"] = "(vegetable); {{taxlink|Viola vaginata|species}}", ["荃"] = "(fragrant plant)", ["荄"] = "roots of plant", ["荅"] = "to answer; agree", ["荇"] = "{{taxlink|Limnanthemum nymphoides|species}}", ["荈"] = "{{taxlink|Thea sinensis|species}}", ["草"] = "grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty", ["荊"] = "thorns; brambles", ["荍"] = "buckwheat; herbal medicine", ["荏"] = "''[[Perilla frutescens]]''; soft", ["荐"] = "recommend (a person)", ["荑"] = "to weed; (grass)", ["荒"] = "out of practice; uncultivated", ["荳"] = "bean; peas", ["荵"] = "[[polemonium]]", ["荷"] = "peppermint; to carry burden; lotus", ["荻"] = "''[[Miscanthus sacchariflorus]]''", ["荼"] = "''[[Sonchus oleraceus]]''", ["莆"] = "place name", ["莊"] = "farm; village", ["莎"] = "(grass); ''[[Cyperus rotundus]]''; (insect); ''phonetic''", ["莒"] = "(fibrous plant)", ["莓"] = "berry", ["莔"] = "{{taxlink|Fritillaria verticillata|species}}", ["莕"] = "{{taxlink|Nymphoides peltatum|species}}", ["莖"] = "stalk; stem", ["莘"] = "{{taxlink|Asarum sieboldi|species}}; long; numerous", ["莙"] = "species of water plant", ["莚"] = "bamboo mat; feast, banquet", ["莛"] = "stalk of grass", ["莝"] = "to chop straw fine for animals", ["莞"] = "(district); smile; tabernaemontanus [[bulrush]]; ''surname''", ["莠"] = "''[[Setaria viridis]]''; vicious", ["莢"] = "pod", ["莦"] = "jungle grass; lair", ["莧"] = "{{taxlink|Amarantus mangostanus|species}}", ["莨"] = "{{taxlink|Scopalia japonica|species}} maxin", ["莩"] = "die of starvation; [[pellicle]] of culms", ["莪"] = "[[zedoary]]", ["莫"] = "do not; there is none who", ["莰"] = "[[camphane]]", ["莽"] = "''[[Illicium anisatum]]''; rude", ["莿"] = "{{taxlink|Urtica thunbergiana|species}}", ["菀"] = "luxuriance of growth", ["菁"] = "flower of leek", ["菅"] = "(grass); {{taxlink|Themeda forsbali|species}}", ["菆"] = "arrow; weeds", ["菇"] = "mushroom", ["菉"] = "''[[Arthraxon]]'' ciliare; green; rhodacene", ["菊"] = "chrysanthemum", ["菌"] = "bacteria; mould; mushroom; germ", ["菎"] = "beautiful jade; bamboo", ["菑"] = "''surname''; one-year-old field", ["菔"] = "turnip", ["菖"] = "calamus", ["菘"] = "(cabbage); {{taxlink|Brassica chinensis|species}}", ["菜"] = "dish (type of food); vegetables", ["菟"] = "dodder; cuscuta", ["菢"] = "hatch", ["菣"] = "{{taxlink|Artemisia carvifolia|species}}", ["菧"] = "stibene", ["菩"] = "Bodhisattva", ["菫"] = "the hidden violet ({{taxlink|Viola verecunda|species}})", ["華"] = "flowery; flourishing; magnificent; your; grey; corona; time; essence; China; Chinese; name of a mountain", ["菰"] = "[[Manchurian wild rice]] (''[[Zizania latifolia]]''); mushroom", ["菱"] = "{{taxlink|Trapa natans|species}}; water caltrop", ["菲"] = "rich; luxurious; phenanthrene (chemical); Philippines (abbrev.)", ["菴"] = "small Buddhist temple", ["菶"] = "expand; thick weeds", ["菸"] = "cigarette; tobacco", ["菺"] = "{{taxlink|Althaea rosea|species}}", ["菻"] = "ancient name for east Roman empire", ["菼"] = "''[[Miscanthus sacchariflorus]]''", ["菾"] = "sugar beet", ["萁"] = "stalks of pulse", ["萃"] = "collect; collection; dense; grassy; thick; assemble; gather", ["萆"] = "castor seed", ["萇"] = "carambola", ["萊"] = "''[[Chenopodium album]]''", ["萋"] = "luxuriant", ["萌"] = "(archaic) people; sprout; (neologism) moe, cute", ["萍"] = "duckweed", ["萎"] = "wither; spiritless; withered", ["萐"] = "(auspicious herb)", ["萑"] = "(reeds)", ["萘"] = "naphthalene", ["萩"] = "{{taxlink|Lespedeza bicolor|species}}", ["萬"] = "ten thousand; a great number; ''surname''", ["萱"] = "lemon [[daylily]] ({{taxlink|Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus|species}})", ["萴"] = "(medicinal herb)", ["萵"] = "(lettuce); ''[[Lactuca sativa]]''", ["萹"] = "''[[Polygonum aviculare]]''", ["萻"] = "small Buddhist temple", ["萼"] = "stem and calyx of flower", ["落"] = "to fall; to drop (behind); leave behind", ["葄"] = "straw cushion; pillow", ["葆"] = "dense foliage; to cover", ["葇"] = "{{taxlink|Elsholtzia ciliata|species}}", ["葉"] = "leaf; page", ["葍"] = "weeds", ["葎"] = "[[Japanese hop]] ({{taxlink|Humulus japonicus|species}})", ["葑"] = "turnip", ["葒"] = "herb", ["著"] = "''particle indicating the successful result of a verb''; to touch; to come in contact with; to feel; to be affected by; to catch fire; to fall asleep; to burn; particle attached after verb to indicate action in progress, like -ing ending; to make known; to show; to prove; to write; book; outstanding; to wear (clothes); to contact; to use; to apply; catch; receive; suffer", ["葙"] = "plumed or silver cockscomb ({{taxfmt|Celosia argentea|species}})", ["葚"] = "fruit of mulberry", ["葛"] = "coarse grass linen", ["葠"] = "ginseng", ["葡"] = "Portugal", -- only sense if used alone ["董"] = "supervise; to direct; director", ["葥"] = "{{taxlink|Rubus palmatus|species}}", ["葦"] = "reed; rush; ''[[Phragmites communis]]''", ["葩"] = "corolla of flower", ["葫"] = "", ["葬"] = "bury (the dead)", ["葭"] = "reed; ''[[Phragmites communis]]''", ["葯"] = "medicine; drug", ["葳"] = "luxuriant", ["葴"] = "''[[Physalis alkekengi]]''", ["葵"] = "sunflower", ["葶"] = "{{taxlink|Draba nemerosa|species}} bebe carpa", ["葷"] = "meat dish", ["葸"] = "feel insecure; unhappy", ["葹"] = "{{taxlink|Xanthium strumarium|species}}", ["葺"] = "to repair", ["葽"] = "{{taxlink|Polygala japonica|species}}; lush (grass)", ["蒂"] = "stem (of fruit)", ["蒎"] = "pinane", ["蒐"] = "search out (as data)", ["蒔"] = "to transplant (to uproot and replant in a different location); to plant", ["蒗"] = "(herb); place name", ["蒙"] = "Mongolia; cover", ["蒜"] = "garlic", ["蒞"] = "attend (official functions)", ["蒟"] = "betel", ["蒢"] = "hedysarum", ["蒨"] = "luxuriant growth", ["蒯"] = "a rush; {{taxlink|Scirpus cyperinus|species}}", ["蒱"] = "gambling-game; sedges", ["蒲"] = "calamus", ["蒴"] = "pod; capsule", ["蒸"] = "to steam", ["蒹"] = "reed", ["蒺"] = "''[[Tribulus terrestris]]''", ["蒻"] = "", ["蒼"] = "dark blue; fly; musca; deep green", ["蒽"] = "anthracene", ["蒿"] = "wormwood", ["蓀"] = "fragrant grass", ["蓁"] = "abundant, luxuriant vegetation", ["蓂"] = "lucky place", ["蓄"] = "to store", ["蓆"] = "woven mat", ["蓉"] = "", ["蓊"] = "a plant in bloom; thick", ["蓋"] = "cover; lid; top; canopy; to build", ["蓌"] = "to squat (in salutation)", ["蓍"] = "{{taxlink|Achillea sibirica|species}}", ["蓏"] = "fruit of plants (not of trees)", ["蓐"] = "mat; rushes", ["蓑"] = "rain coat made of straw, etc.", ["蓓"] = "(flower) bud", ["蓖"] = "the castor-oil plant", ["蓧"] = "bamboo basket", ["蓪"] = "{{taxlink|Aralia papyrifera|species}}", ["蓫"] = "(weed); {{taxlink|Phytolacca acinosa|species}}", ["蓬"] = "(grass); disheveled", ["蓮"] = "lotus", ["蓰"] = "(grass); increase five fold", ["蓴"] = "{{taxlink|Brasenia purpurea|species}}", ["蓷"] = "{{taxlink|Leonurus macranthus|species}}", ["蓺"] = "skill; art", ["蓼"] = "luxuriant growth; polygonum; smartweed", ["蓽"] = "bean; pulse", ["蔀"] = "cycle of 76 years; shade", ["蔂"] = "basket for carrying earth", ["蔆"] = "{{taxlink|Trapa natans|species}}; water caltrop", ["蔇"] = "luxuriant growth; extreme; reach", ["蔉"] = "to bank up the roots of plants", ["蔊"] = "{{taxlink|Nasturtium montanum|species}}", ["蔋"] = "dry; scorched", ["蔌"] = "''surname''; vegetables", ["蔎"] = "{{taxlink|Thea sinensis|species}}", ["蔑"] = "belittle; nothing", ["蔓"] = "creeper; to spread; {{taxlink|Brassica campestris|species}}", ["蔔"] = "turnip", ["蔕"] = "stem (of fruit)", ["蔗"] = "sugar cane", ["蔘"] = "ginseng; huge", ["蔙"] = "(herb)", ["蔚"] = "''surname''; place name; {{taxlink|Artemisia japonica|species}}; luxuriant", ["蔞"] = "{{taxlink|Arthemisia vulgaris|species}}; ''[[Piper betle]]''", ["蔟"] = "collect; frame for silk worm; nest", ["蔡"] = "''surname''", ["蔣"] = "''surname''", ["蔥"] = "scallion; green onion", ["蔦"] = "[[Grossulariaceae]]", ["蔫"] = "fade; wither", ["蔬"] = "vegetables", ["蔭"] = "shade", ["蔯"] = "a variety of artemisia", ["蔽"] = "to cover; to shield; to screen; to conceal", ["蔾"] = "[[Chenopodiaceae]]", ["蕃"] = "flourishing; to reproduce", ["蕆"] = "complete; prepare", ["蕈"] = "mould; mushroom", ["蕉"] = "banana", ["蕊"] = "stamen; pistil", ["蕍"] = "{{taxlink|Alisma plantago|species}}", ["蕎"] = "buckwheat", ["蕑"] = "''surname''; {{taxlink|Eupatorium chinense|species}}", ["蕓"] = "celza", ["蕕"] = "{{taxlink|Caryopteris divaricata|species}}", ["蕖"] = "lotus", ["蕗"] = "leucacene", ["蕘"] = "fuel; grass", ["蕙"] = "''[[Dipteryx odorata]]''", ["蕝"] = "coarse grass used to show rank", ["蕞"] = "assemble; small", ["蕡"] = "hemp seeds; luxurious; abundant", ["蕢"] = "''surname''; {{taxlink|Amaranthus mangostanus|species}}", ["蕣"] = "''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]''", ["蕤"] = "fringe; overladen with flowers", ["蕨"] = "{{taxlink|Pteridium aquilinum|species}}", ["蕩"] = "a pond; pool; wash; squander; sweep away; move; shake; dissolute", ["蕪"] = "overgrown with weeds", ["蕭"] = "mournful", ["蕸"] = "water-lily leaves", ["蕺"] = "''[[Houttuynia cordata]]''", ["蕻"] = "budding; flourishing", ["蕾"] = "bud", ["薀"] = "hippuris or mare's tail", ["薁"] = "{{taxlink|Prunus japonica|species}}", ["薃"] = "{{taxlink|Cyperus amuricus|species}}", ["薄"] = "thin; slight; meagre; small; ungenerous; unkind; mean; frivolous; despise; belittle; to approach; to go near; peppermint", ["薅"] = "pull out (weed)", ["薆"] = "to cover; to hide; to conceal", ["薈"] = "flourish", ["薉"] = "weedy", ["薊"] = "''[[Cirsium]]''; thistle", ["薌"] = "(Fujian drama)", ["薏"] = "germ of the lotus seed", ["薑"] = "ginger", ["薔"] = "wild rose", ["薖"] = "big; hungry-looking", ["薘"] = "''[[Plantago major]]''", ["薙"] = "shave; to weed", ["薛"] = "''surname''; wormwood", ["薜"] = "{{taxlink|Ficus pumila|species}}", ["薢"] = "woody climbing plant", ["薤"] = "{{taxlink|Allium bakeri|species}}; shallot; scallion", ["薦"] = "to recommend; to offer sacrifice; straw (mat); repeatedly", ["薧"] = "dried food", ["薨"] = "death of a prince; swarming", ["薩"] = "''surname''; Bodhisattva", ["薪"] = "fuel; salary", ["薯"] = "potato; yam", ["薰"] = "''[[Dipteryx odorata]]''", ["薳"] = "(grass); ''surname''", ["薶"] = "to bury; to stop up; dirty, filthy", ["薷"] = "{{taxlink|Elshotria paltrini|species}}", ["薸"] = "[[duckweed]]", ["薹"] = "{{taxlink|Carex dispalatha|species}}", ["薺"] = "''[[Capsella bursa-pastoris]]''", ["薽"] = "(grass); (orchid)", ["薾"] = "luxuriant growth of flower", ["薿"] = "luxuriant (of plants)", ["藄"] = "(fern)", ["藇"] = "''surname''; beautiful", ["藉"] = "by means of; in disorder", ["藋"] = "[[Chinese elder]]", ["藍"] = "blue; [[w:true indigo|indigo plant]]; ''surname''", ["藎"] = "''[[Arthraxon hispidus]]''; loyal", ["藏"] = "storehouse; depository; Buddhist or Taoist scripture; Zang; Tibet; to hide away; to conceal; to harbor; store; accumulate", ["藐"] = "despise; small", ["藕"] = "root of lotus", ["藘"] = "madder", ["藙"] = "{{taxlink|Zanthoxylum ailanthoides|species}}", ["藚"] = "{{taxlink|Alisma plantago|species}}", ["藜"] = "''[[Chenopodium album]]''", ["藝"] = "skill; art", ["藟"] = "bud; creeper; bramble", ["藤"] = "rattan; cane", ["藥"] = "medicine; drug; cure", ["藦"] = "{{taxlink|Metaplexis stauntoni|species}}", ["藨"] = "kind of raspberry", ["藪"] = "marsh; place of concourse", ["藶"] = "{{taxlink|Draba nemerosa vsr. hebecarpa|variety}}", ["藷"] = "potato; yam", ["藹"] = "friendly", ["藺"] = "''[[Juncus effusus]]''", ["藻"] = "(aquatic grasses); elegant", ["藾"] = "(fragrant labiate plant)", ["藿"] = "{{taxlink|Lophanthus rugosus|species}}; beans", ["蘀"] = "fallen leaves and bark", ["蘄"] = "(herb); implore; pray; place name", ["蘅"] = "{{taxlink|Asarum blumei|species}}", ["蘆"] = "rush; reed; ''[[Phragmites communis]]''", ["蘇"] = "(plant); place name; revive; Soviet", ["蘊"] = "bring together; collect", ["蘋"] = "apple; {{taxfmt|Marsileaceae|family}}; {{vern|clover fern}}", ["蘑"] = "mushroom", ["蘗"] = "shoots from an old stump", ["蘘"] = "a kind of wild ginger", ["蘚"] = "mosses on damp walls", ["蘢"] = "{{taxlink|Polygonum posumbu|species}}", ["蘤"] = "flower, blossoms", ["蘧"] = "''surname''; {{taxlink|Dianthus superbus|species}}", ["蘩"] = "{{taxlink|Artemisia stellariana|species}}", ["蘭"] = "orchid", ["蘵"] = "{{taxlink|Physalis angulata|species}}", ["蘸"] = "to dip in (ink, sauce, etc.)", ["蘺"] = "{{taxlink|Gracilaria confervoides|species}}", ["蘼"] = "millet", ["蘿"] = "radish", ["虀"] = "fragment; salted vegetables; spices", ["虆"] = "creeper; bramble; dirt-basket", ["虍"] = "stripes of tiger", ["虎"] = "tiger", ["虐"] = "oppressive; tyrannical", ["虒"] = "amphibious animal with one horn", ["虓"] = "roar of a tiger", ["虔"] = "devout", ["處"] = "a place; location; spot; point; office; department; bureau; respect; to reside; to live; to dwell; to be in; to stay; get along with; to be in a position of; deal with", ["虖"] = "exhale; scream of tiger; to call", ["虛"] = "devoid of content; void; false; empty; vain", ["虜"] = "take captive", ["虞"] = "forewarned; peace; worry", ["號"] = "number; call; name; roar; cry", ["虡"] = "bell pendant stand", ["虢"] = "name of an ancient state", ["虣"] = "cruel; violent", ["虥"] = "striped wild cat", ["虧"] = "deficiency; deficit", ["虩"] = "terrified", ["虫"] = "insect; worm", ["虯"] = "young dragon with horns", ["虱"] = "louse", ["虷"] = "worm", ["虹"] = "rainbow", ["虺"] = "poisonous snakes; sick; with no ambition", ["虻"] = "{{taxlink|Tabanus trigonus|species}}; house fly", ["蚊"] = "mosquito", ["蚋"] = "(mosquito); {{taxlink|Simulia lugubris|species}}; blackfly", ["蚌"] = "oysters; mussels", ["蚓"] = "earthworm", ["蚔"] = "green-frog", ["蚘"] = "tapeworm", ["蚜"] = "aphis", ["蚝"] = "hairy and poisonous caterpillars", ["蚡"] = "(mole)", ["蚤"] = "flea", ["蚧"] = "horned toad", ["蚨"] = "(water-beetle); money", ["蚩"] = "''surname''; ignorant; worm", ["蚳"] = "ant eggs", ["蚴"] = "larva", ["蚵"] = "oyster", ["蚶"] = "small clam; {{taxlink|Arca inflata|species}}", ["蚹"] = "{{taxlink|Eulota peliomphala|species}}", ["蚺"] = "a boa constrictor", ["蚻"] = "{{taxlink|Aphrophora maritima|species}}", ["蚿"] = "millipede", ["蛀"] = "termite; to bore (of insects)", ["蛁"] = "{{taxlink|Pomponia maculatiocollis|species}}", ["蛄"] = "mole-cricket", ["蛅"] = "a caterpillar", ["蛆"] = "maggot", ["蛇"] = "snake; serpent", ["蛋"] = "egg; oval shaped", ["蛌"] = "cricket", ["蛑"] = "insect which eats roots of seedlings", ["蛓"] = "(larva)", ["蛔"] = "roundworm; ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]''", ["蛘"] = "a weevil found in rice, etc.", ["蛙"] = "frog", ["蛚"] = "{{taxlink|Cyrtoxiphus ritsemae|species}}", ["蛛"] = "spider", ["蛜"] = "wood-louse", ["蛟"] = "scaly dragon", ["蛣"] = "beetle", ["蛤"] = "clam", ["蛩"] = "anxious; grasshopper; a cricket", ["蛭"] = "fluke; leech; hirudinea", ["蛵"] = "dragonfly", ["蛸"] = "octopus", ["蛹"] = "chrysalis; pupa", ["蛻"] = "exuviae of insects or reptiles", ["蛾"] = "moth", ["蜀"] = "Sichuan", ["蜂"] = "bee; wasp", ["蜃"] = "(mythical animal); clam; sea-serpent", ["蜅"] = "crab", ["蜆"] = "{{taxlink|Cyclina orientalis|species}}", ["蜇"] = "jellyfish; to sting", ["蜈"] = "centipede", ["蜊"] = "clam", ["蜍"] = "toad", ["蜎"] = "''surname''; larva of mosquito", ["蜑"] = "name of an ethnic group", ["蜓"] = "dragonfly", ["蜚"] = "gad-fly", ["蜛"] = "{{taxlink|Hydrophilus cognatus|species}}", ["蜜"] = "honey", ["蜞"] = "grapsus", ["蜡"] = "candle; wax", ["蜣"] = "dung beetle", ["蜥"] = "chameleon; {{taxlink|Eumeces latiscutatus|species}}", ["蜨"] = "butterfly", ["蜩"] = "cicada", ["蜮"] = "mythical creature; toad; worm", ["蜱"] = "(insect); egg of mantis", ["蜷"] = "{{taxlink|Melania libertina|species}}; wriggle (as a worm)", ["蜺"] = "Japanese cicada; rainbow", ["蜻"] = "dragonfly", ["蜿"] = "to move (as snake)", ["蝀"] = "rainbow", ["蝍"] = "a centipede", ["蝎"] = "scorpion", ["蝏"] = "(insect); {{taxlink|Leptogaster basiralis|species}}", ["蝕"] = "eat up slowly; eclipse", ["蝗"] = "locust", ["蝘"] = "{{taxlink|Hemidactylus bowringii|species}}", ["蝝"] = "young locust without wings", ["蝟"] = "hedgehog", ["蝠"] = "bat", ["蝡"] = "wriggle", ["蝣"] = "{{taxlink|Ephemera strigata|species}}", ["蝥"] = "Spanish fly; grain-eating grub", ["蝦"] = "shrimp; prawn", ["蝨"] = "louse", ["蝮"] = "venomous snake", ["蝯"] = "ape", ["蝶"] = "butterfly", ["蝻"] = "immature locusts", ["螄"] = "snail", ["螉"] = "{{taxlink|Ammophila infesta|species}}", ["融"] = "harmonious; melt; mild", ["螒"] = "{{taxlink|Aulacophora femoralis|species}}", ["螓"] = "small cicada with a square head", ["螗"] = "(cicada)", ["螘"] = "ant", ["螚"] = "{{taxlink|Eristalis tenax|species}}", ["螞"] = "(insect prefix)", ["螟"] = "{{taxlink|Heliothus armigera|species}}", ["螢"] = "firefly", ["螣"] = "flying dragon", ["螫"] = "to sting", ["螬"] = "larva of {{taxlink|Mimela lucidula|species}}", ["螭"] = "hornless dragon", ["螮"] = "", ["螯"] = "nippers; claw (of crab); chela; pincers; {{taxlink|Astacus fluviatilis|species}}", ["螳"] = "praying mantis", ["螺"] = "aquatic snail", ["螻"] = "mole-cricket; {{taxlink|Gryllotalpa africona|species}}", ["螽"] = "(grasshopper); {{taxlink|Gampsocleis mikado|species}}", ["螾"] = "the earthworm", ["螿"] = "{{taxlink|Cosmopsaltria opalifera|species}}", ["蟀"] = "cricket", ["蟄"] = "hibernate", ["蟆"] = "frog or toad", ["蟈"] = "frog or toad", ["蟊"] = "Spanish fly; grain-eating grub", ["蟒"] = "{{taxfmt|Python molurus|species}}", ["蟛"] = "(land-crab); ''{{ll|mul|Grapsus}}'' spp.", ["蟜"] = "(insect); ''surname''", ["蟠"] = "{{taxlink|Trichina spiralis|species}}; to coil", ["蟢"] = "(spider)", ["蟣"] = "nymph of louse", ["蟨"] = "the Siberian jerboa", ["蟪"] = "(cicada); {{taxlink|Platypleura kaempferi|species}}", ["蟬"] = "cicada", ["蟭"] = "eggs of mantis", ["蟲"] = "animal; insect", ["蟳"] = "(hairy sea-crab)", ["蟶"] = "mussel; razor clam; {{taxlink|Solecurtus constricta|species}}", ["蟷"] = "mantis", ["蟹"] = "crab", ["蟺"] = "earthworm", ["蟻"] = "ant", ["蟾"] = "toad; moon", ["蟿"] = "(insect); {{taxlink|Tryxalis masuta|species}}", ["蠁"] = "larvae", ["蠂"] = "{{taxlink|Podisma mikado|species}}", ["蠅"] = "fly; musca", ["蠆"] = "(scorpion); an insect", ["蠋"] = "caterpillar", ["蠍"] = "scorpion", ["蠓"] = "grasshopper; midge; sandfly", ["蠔"] = "oyster", ["蠕"] = "to squirm; to wiggle; to wriggle", ["蠖"] = "looper caterpillar", ["蠗"] = "(ape); (shell)", ["蠙"] = "pearl-oyster", ["蠛"] = "minute flies", ["蠜"] = "{{taxlink|Cyrtophyllus|genus}} spp.", ["蠟"] = "candle; wax", ["蠡"] = "wood-boring insect; calabash", ["蠢"] = "blunt; stupid; to wiggle (of worms); sluggish", ["蠣"] = "oyster", ["蠨"] = "long-legged spider", ["蠩"] = "a toad", ["蠮"] = "{{taxlink|Ammophila infesta|species}}", ["蠰"] = "{{taxlink|Cerambyx rugicollis|species}}", ["蠱"] = "insanity; poison", ["蠲"] = "bright; glow-worm; remit taxes", ["蠵"] = "large turtles", ["蠶"] = "silkworm", ["蠸"] = "{{taxlink|Aulacophora femoralis|species}}", ["蠹"] = "bookworm; {{taxlink|Lepisma saccharina|species}}", ["蠻"] = "barbarian; bullying; very; quite; rough; reckless", ["血"] = "blood", ["衁"] = "blood", ["衄"] = "bleed at the nose; check in battle", ["衈"] = "the blood of a sacrificial fowl which was sprinkled on doors and vessels", ["衊"] = "defiled with blood", ["行"] = "to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional", ["衍"] = "to spread out; to develop; to overflow; to amplify", ["衎"] = "pleased", ["衒"] = "to boast; to show off", ["術"] = "method; technique", ["衕"] = "lane", ["衖"] = "lane; alley", ["街"] = "street", ["衙"] = "office; yamen", ["衚"] = "lane", ["衛"] = "to guard; to protect; to defend; ''surname''", ["衝"] = "of great force; towards; dash against", ["衡"] = "to weigh; weight; measure", ["衢"] = "thoroughfare", ["衣"] = "gown; clothes; to dress; to wear", ["表"] = "surface; exterior; to watch; to show; express; an example; a list or table; a meter; a watch; chart; external", ["衩"] = "slit on either side of a garment; open seam of a garment", ["衫"] = "Chinese gown (unlined)", ["衭"] = "the lapel of a garment", ["衰"] = "weak; feeble; decline; wane; mourning garments", ["衲"] = "cassock; to line", ["衵"] = "women's undergarments", ["衷"] = "inner feelings", ["衽"] = "overlapping part of Chinese gown", ["衾"] = "coverlet; quilt", ["衿"] = "overlapping part of Chinese gown", ["袁"] = "''surname''", ["袂"] = "sleeve", ["袋"] = "a pouch; bag; sack; pocket", ["袍"] = "gown (lined)", ["袒"] = "to bare", ["袖"] = "sleeve", ["袗"] = "unlined garment", ["袚"] = "knee-pads; buskins", ["袞"] = "imperial robe", ["袟"] = "''surname''; book cover", ["袢"] = "robe", ["袤"] = "length; distance from north to south", ["袪"] = "sleeve opening", ["被"] = "by (marker for passive-voice sentences or clauses); quilt; blanket; to cover; to wear", ["袱"] = "bundle wrapped in cloth", ["袲"] = "place name", ["袷"] = "lined", ["袺"] = "lift up a dress", ["袽"] = "old rags", ["裀"] = "mat; underclothing", ["裁"] = "cut out (as a dress); cut; trim; reduce; diminish; decision; judgement", ["裂"] = "crack; split", ["裉"] = "s seam in a garment", ["裊"] = "delicate; graceful", ["裋"] = "coarse clothing of camel's hair", ["裌"] = "lined", ["裍"] = "a border or band on the edge of a dress", ["裎"] = "take off clothes", ["裏"] = "inside; internal; interior", ["裒"] = "collect", ["裔"] = "descendants; frontier", ["裕"] = "abundant", ["裘"] = "fur; fur coat", ["裙"] = "skirt", ["裛"] = "to wrap and bind; damp; dripping; wet; a book bag", ["補"] = "to repair; to patch; to mend; to make up for; to fill (a vacancy); to supplement", ["裝"] = "to dress up; costume; to pretend to be; to pack; to load; to install", ["裡"] = "inside; within; in; lining of clothing", ["裨"] = "to benefit; to aid; assistant; small; advantageous; profitable", ["裯"] = "bed curtain; coverlet", ["裱"] = "hang (paper); mount (painting)", ["裲"] = "waistcoat", ["裳"] = "lower garment; skirts; petticoats; garments", ["裴"] = "''surname''", ["裸"] = "naked", ["裹"] = "wrap around", ["製"] = "manufacture", ["裾"] = "garment", ["褂"] = "coat", ["複"] = "repeat, double, overlap", ["褉"] = "short garments", ["褊"] = "narrow; urgent", ["褌"] = "sacrificial robe of the empress", ["褎"] = "sleeve; ample flowing robes", ["褐"] = "brown", ["褒"] = "to praise", ["褓"] = "cloth for carrying baby on back", ["褔"] = "complex; double", ["褕"] = "loose garment", ["褘"] = "ceremonial gowns of a queen", ["褙"] = "paper or cloth pasted together", ["褚"] = "''surname''", ["褟"] = "inner shirt or singlet", ["褡"] = "cummerbund", ["褢"] = "to carry in the bosom or the sleeve; to wrap, to conceal", ["褥"] = "mattress", ["褦"] = "ignorant; sun hat", ["褧"] = "monotone garment with no lining", ["褪"] = "fade; take off (clothes)", ["褫"] = "strip; deprive of; to discharge; dismiss; undress", ["褯"] = "child's garment", ["褰"] = "lift up the skirts; lower garments", ["褱"] = "to carry in the bosom or the sleeve; to wrap, to conceal", ["褲"] = "drawers; trousers; pants", ["褵"] = "bride's veil or kerchief", ["褶"] = "pleat; crease; (archaic) court dress", ["褸"] = "soiled; tattered", ["褻"] = "licentious", ["褽"] = "collar", ["襁"] = "cloth for carrying baby on back", ["襄"] = "assist", ["襆"] = "hemless skirt; hood; turban", ["襋"] = "coat collar", ["襌"] = "garment without a lining", ["襏"] = "raincoat", ["襖"] = "coat; jacket; short and lined coat or robe", ["襚"] = "grave-clothes", ["襛"] = "bright light; warm dress", ["襜"] = "the front of clothes", ["襞"] = "creases; folds or pleats in a garment", ["襟"] = "overlapping part of Chinese gown", ["襠"] = "crotch; seat of a pair of trousers", ["襡"] = "short skirt or tunic", ["襢"] = "to bare", ["襤"] = "ragged garments", ["襦"] = "jacket; short coat", ["襪"] = "socks; stockings", ["襫"] = "raincoat", ["襬"] = "hem at the bottom of garment", ["襭"] = "carry with the front of a robe", ["襮"] = "embroidered collar; expose", ["襯"] = "give alms; underwear; to line; lining; contrast; assist", ["襲"] = "inherit; raid; suit of clothes", ["襴"] = "gown or robe", ["襶"] = "untidy (in dress)", ["襻"] = "a loop; a belt or band", ["襼"] = "sleeve of dress", ["襾"] = "cover; radical no. 146", ["西"] = "west", ["要"] = "important; vital; to want; to be going to; must; demand; ask; request; coerce", ["覂"] = "to throw a rider", ["覃"] = "''surname''; deep", ["覆"] = "to cover; to overflow; to reply to a letter; to overturn; to capsize", ["覈"] = "examine thoroughly", ["見"] = "to see; to meet; to appear; to interview", ["規"] = "compass; rule", ["覓"] = "seek", ["視"] = "to look at; to regard; to inspect", ["覗"] = "peek", ["覘"] = "keep at; to spy", ["覜"] = "have an audience", ["覡"] = "wizard", ["覦"] = "passionately desire", ["親"] = "dear; intimate; parent; relation; closely related; parents-in-law of one's offspring", ["覬"] = "covet; long for", ["覯"] = "complete; meet unexpectedly; see", ["覷"] = "to spy; watch for", ["覺"] = "feel; find that; thinking; awake; aware; a nap; a sleep", ["覽"] = "look over; to view", ["覿"] = "face to face", ["觀"] = "to look at; to watch; to observe; to behold; Taoist monastery", ["角"] = "horn; angle; role; actor; contend; horn-shaped; Chinese musical note", ["觔"] = "catty", ["觕"] = "coarse, rough, rude", ["觖"] = "dissatisfied", ["觚"] = "goblet; rule; law", ["觜"] = "mouth; (zodiacal sign)", ["觝"] = "to butt; resist", ["觡"] = "horns; antlers", ["解"] = "to loosen; to untie; to explain; to remove; to divide; to dissolve; to solve; solution; send under escort", ["觥"] = "big; cup made of horn; horn wine container", ["觩"] = "bent upwards; taut", ["觫"] = "tremble with fear", ["觭"] = "odd; one horn up and one horn down", ["觱"] = "fever; tartar horn", ["觳"] = "(measure); frightened", ["觴"] = "feast; goblet", ["觶"] = "goblet", ["觷"] = "to polish horn", ["觸"] = "knock against; touch; to feel", ["觼"] = "buckle; clasp; ring", ["觿"] = "ivory bodkin for undoing knots", ["言"] = "to speak; to say; talk; word", ["訂"] = "to agree; to conclude; to draw up; to subscribe to (a newspaper, etc.); to order", ["訃"] = "obituary notice", ["訇"] = "''surname''; sound of a crash", ["計"] = "to calculate; to compute; to count; reckon; ruse; to plan", ["訊"] = "to question; to ask; to interrogate; rapid; speedy; fast; news; information", ["討"] = "ask for; send punitive expedition; to demand; to marry", ["訏"] = "to boast; great; large", ["訐"] = "accuse; pry", ["訑"] = "arrogant; mean", ["訒"] = "slow in speech", ["訓"] = "example; pattern; to teach; to train; instruction", ["訕"] = "abuse; slander", ["訖"] = "finished", ["託"] = "entrust", ["記"] = "to remember; to note; mark; sign; to record", ["訛"] = "error; exhort; false", ["訝"] = "astounded", ["訟"] = "litigation", ["訢"] = "happy", ["訣"] = "farewell; secrets (of an art)", ["訥"] = "large; speak cautiously", ["訧"] = "fault; mistake", ["訪"] = "inquire; seek; visit", ["訬"] = "clamour, uproar, annoyance", ["設"] = "to set up; to arrange; to establish; to found; to display", ["許"] = "to allow; to permit; to praise; ''surname''", ["訴"] = "complain; sue; tell", ["訶"] = "to blame; ridicule in loud voice", ["訹"] = "to beguile with false stories", ["診"] = "examine or treat medically", ["註"] = "annotate", ["証"] = "prove, confirm, verify; proof", ["訾"] = "backbite; dislike; ''surname''; wealth", ["詀"] = "garrulous; to whisper; to joke", ["詁"] = "comment; explain", ["詅"] = "to sell", ["詆"] = "defame; to slander", ["詈"] = "curse; scold", ["詊"] = "pleasing; clever talk", ["詎"] = "how (interj. of surprise)", ["詐"] = "crafty; dishonest", ["詑"] = "cheat", ["詒"] = "a present in writing; bequeath", ["詔"] = "imperial order", ["評"] = "to discuss; to comment; to criticize; to judge; to choose (by public appraisal)", ["詖"] = "a half-truth; flatter", ["詗"] = "clever; to gossip; to spy", ["詘"] = "to bend; yield", ["詛"] = "curse; swear (oath)", ["詞"] = "word; phrase; classical Chinese poem", ["詠"] = "sing", ["詡"] = "brag; harmony; make known", ["詢"] = "inquire", ["詣"] = "go", ["試"] = "to test; to try; experiment; examination; test", ["詨"] = "kind of cicada, [[cosmopsaltria]]", ["詩"] = "poem; poetry; verse", ["詫"] = "surprised; to wander; to be astonished", ["詬"] = "sense of shame; to abuse", ["詭"] = "sly; crafty", ["詮"] = "explain; comment", ["詰"] = "investigate; restrain; scold", ["話"] = "spoken words; speech; dialect; language; talk; conversation; what someone said", ["該"] = "that; the above-mentioned; most likely; to deserve; should; ought to; owe", ["詳"] = "detailed; comprehensive", ["詵"] = "inform; inquire", ["詹"] = "excellent; verbose", ["詻"] = "harsh; forbidding", ["詼"] = "whimsical; humorous", ["詿"] = "deceive; disturb", ["誂"] = "tempt", ["誃"] = "to separate", ["誄"] = "eulogize the dead; eulogy", ["誅"] = "execute; punish", ["誆"] = "mislead; to swindle", ["誇"] = "to boast", ["誌"] = "sign; mark; to record; write a footnote", ["認"] = "to recognize; to know; to admit", ["誑"] = "deceive; lies", ["誓"] = "oath; vow; to swear; to pledge", ["誕"] = "birth; birthday; brag; boast; to increase", ["誘"] = "entice; tempt", ["誚"] = "ridicule; to blame", ["語"] = "speech; language; dialect; tell to", ["誠"] = "honest; sincere; true", ["誡"] = "commandment; prohibit", ["誣"] = "accuse falsely", ["誤"] = "mistake; error; to miss; to harm; to delay; to neglect", ["誥"] = "enjoin; grant (a title)", ["誦"] = "read aloud", ["誧"] = "huge; to admonish", ["誨"] = "admonish; instruct", ["說"] = "to speak; to say; persuade (politically)", ["誰"] = "who", ["課"] = "subject; class; lesson", ["誶"] = "abuse", ["誹"] = "slander", ["誼"] = "friendship", ["誾"] = "''surname''; respectful; speak gently", ["調"] = "harmonize; reconcile; blend; suit well; provoke; incite; mode (music); to move (troops); tune; tone; melody; to transfer", ["諂"] = "flatter; cajole", ["諄"] = "repeatedly (in giving advice)", ["諆"] = "deceive; contrive", ["談"] = "to speak; to talk; to converse; to chat; to discuss; ''surname''", ["諉"] = "shirk; give excuses", ["請"] = "to ask; to invite; please (do something); to treat (to a meal, etc.); to request", ["諍"] = "to admonish", ["諏"] = "choose; consult", ["諑"] = "complain", ["諒"] = "forgive", ["諕"] = "to intimidate", ["論"] = "to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius)", ["諗"] = "consult", ["諛"] = "flatter", ["諜"] = "to spy", ["諝"] = "deceit; knowledge", ["諞"] = "brag", ["諟"] = "examine; judge", ["諠"] = "clamour; noise; deceitful", ["諡"] = "confer such title; posthumous title", ["諢"] = "jest; nickname", ["諤"] = "honest speech", ["諦"] = "examine; truth (Buddhist)", ["諧"] = "harmonious", ["諫"] = "to admonish", ["諭"] = "order (from above)", ["諮"] = "consult", ["諱"] = "avoid mentioning; to taboo", ["諳"] = "be versed in; know well", ["諴"] = "bring into accord; sincerity", ["諵"] = "mumble in repetition", ["諶"] = "faithful; sincere", ["諷"] = "satirize", ["諸"] = "all; many; various", ["諺"] = "proverb", ["諼"] = "{{taxlink|Hemerocallis flava|species}}; false; forget", ["諾"] = "to promise; to yes", ["謀"] = "to plan; seek; scheme", ["謁"] = "to visit (a superior)", ["謂"] = "speak of", ["謄"] = "make a (clean) copy", ["謅"] = "make up (a story)", ["謆"] = "beguile; cajole", ["謇"] = "speak out boldly", ["謊"] = "lies; to lie", ["謍"] = "humming sound", ["謎"] = "riddle", ["謏"] = "small; induce", ["謐"] = "quiet", ["謑"] = "shame, disgrace", ["謖"] = "composed; rise; to begin", ["謗"] = "to slander; defame; speak ill of", ["謙"] = "modest", ["謚"] = "confer such title; posthumous title", ["講"] = "to talk; speech; to speak; to tell; to explain", ["謝"] = "to decline; to thank; gratitude", ["謠"] = "popular ballad; false rumour", ["謨"] = "plan; to practise", ["謪"] = "to consult; to deliberate; commerce", ["謫"] = "disgrace (an official); find fault", ["謬"] = "absurd; erroneous", ["謳"] = "sing ballads; songs", ["謷"] = "greatness; slander; sound of weeping", ["謹"] = "cautious", ["謼"] = "to shout; to mourn; to invoke", ["謾"] = "disrespect; neglect; slight; deceive", ["譁"] = "clamour; noise", ["譅"] = "talkative; loquacious", ["譆"] = "oh (denoting fright)", ["譈"] = "dislike; hate", ["證"] = "certificate; proof; to prove; to demonstrate; to confirm", ["譊"] = "wrangling, contention, to dispute", ["譎"] = "deceitful", ["譏"] = "ridicule", ["譒"] = "promulgate; to spread", ["譔"] = "compose; compile; discourse in praise", ["譖"] = "slander", ["識"] = "to record; write a footnote; to know; knowledge", ["譙"] = "ridicule; to blame; ''surname''; drum tower", ["譚"] = "talk; ''surname''", ["譜"] = "chart; list; score (music); spectrum (maths) (phys.)", ["譟"] = "disturbance; noise of crowd", ["警"] = "to alert; to warn; police", ["譫"] = "incoherent talk; talkative", ["譬"] = "give an example", ["譭"] = "defame; to slander", ["譯"] = "to translate; to interpret", ["議"] = "criticize; discuss", ["譴"] = "punishment; scold", ["護"] = "protect", ["譸"] = "deceive; to lie", ["譹"] = "to shout, roar, terrify; swiftly", ["譽"] = "reputation", ["譾"] = "shallow; stupid", ["讀"] = "to read; to study; comma; phrase marked by pause", ["讅"] = "investigate; try (in court)", ["讆"] = "to exaggerate; incredible", ["變"] = "to change; to become different; to transform; to vary; rebellion", ["讋"] = "be frightened", ["讌"] = "feast; repose", ["讎"] = "enmity; feud", ["讒"] = "slander; defame; misrepresent; to speak maliciously", ["讓"] = "to ask; to let; permit; have (someone do something); to yield; to allow", ["讕"] = "make a false charge", ["讖"] = "prophecy; omen", ["讙"] = "acclamation", ["讚"] = "to praise", ["讜"] = "advice; counsels", ["讞"] = "decide judicially", ["讟"] = "to murmur; to slander", ["谷"] = "valley", ["谽"] = "a mouth or opening", ["谿"] = "creek", ["豁"] = "opening; stake all; sacrifice; crack; slit; clear; open; exempt (from); liberal-minded; play Chinese finger game", ["豆"] = "bean; sacrificial vessel", ["豇"] = "cowpeas; black-eyed beans", ["豈"] = "how can it be that", ["豉"] = "salted fermented beans", ["豊"] = "abundant, lush, bountiful, plenty", ["豋"] = "ceremonial vessel", ["豌"] = "peas", ["豎"] = "(straight down character stroke); to erect; vertical", ["豏"] = "d (29th); half-grown beans", ["豐"] = "abundant; plentiful; great; ''surname''", ["豔"] = "glamorous", ["豕"] = "hog; swine", ["豖"] = "a shackled pig", ["豗"] = "clash; grunting of pigs", ["豚"] = "suckling pig", ["豜"] = "pig of 3 years", ["豝"] = "corned beef; female pig", ["象"] = "shape; form; appearance; elephant; image under a map (maths)", ["豢"] = "feed pigs and dogs; to rear", ["豦"] = "a wild boar; to fight", ["豨"] = "swine", ["豪"] = "grand; heroic; luxurious", ["豫"] = "beforehand; prepare; Henan Province (abbrev.)", ["豬"] = "hog; pig; swine", ["豭"] = "boar; male pig", ["豳"] = "name of an ancient city", ["豵"] = "litter of pigs; little pig", ["豶"] = "gelded pig", ["豷"] = "breathing of pigs", ["豸"] = "beast with long backbone; legless insect", ["豹"] = "leopard; panther", ["豺"] = "dhole", ["豻"] = "(canine); jail", ["貂"] = "sable; marten", ["貅"] = "(leopard)", ["貆"] = "badger", ["貉"] = "badger-like animal; name of a wild tribe; silent", ["貊"] = "name of a wild tribe; silent", ["貌"] = "appearance", ["貍"] = "wild cat", ["貓"] = "cat", ["貔"] = "(leopard)", ["貘"] = "tapir", ["貜"] = "(ape)", ["貝"] = "cowries; shell; valuables; shellfish", ["貞"] = "chaste", ["負"] = "lose; negative (maths, etc.); to bear; to carry (on one's back)", ["財"] = "money; wealth; riches; property; valuables", ["貢"] = "tribute; gifts", ["貤"] = "promote; reward", ["貧"] = "poor", ["貨"] = "goods; money; commodity", ["販"] = "deal in; trade in; to peddle; to sell", ["貪"] = "greedy", ["貫"] = "pierce; to string", ["責"] = "duty; responsibility; to reproach; to blame", ["貯"] = "to store; to save; stockpile", ["貰"] = "borrow; buy on credit; rent out", ["貲"] = "fine instead of punishment; property", ["貳"] = "two (fraud-proof)", ["貴"] = "expensive; noble; your (name); precious", ["貶"] = "to diminish; to demote; reduce or devaluate; disparage; censure; depreciate", ["買"] = "buy", ["貸"] = "lend on interest; borrow; loan; make excuses; pardon; forgive", ["貺"] = "bestow; confer", ["費"] = "to cost; to spend; fee; wasteful; expenses; ''surname''", ["貼"] = "to stick; to paste; to keep close to; to fit snugly; subsidize; allowance", ["貽"] = "bequeath", ["貿"] = "commerce; trade", ["賀"] = "congratulate", ["賁"] = "bright; energetic", ["賂"] = "bribe; bribery", ["賃"] = "to rent", ["賄"] = "bribe; bribery", ["賅"] = "''surname''; include in; prepare", ["資"] = "resources; capital; to provide; to supply; to support; money; expense", ["賈"] = "merchant; to buy", ["賊"] = "thief", ["賏"] = "pearls or shells strung together", ["賑"] = "to relieve (the distressed)", ["賒"] = "buy on credit", ["賓"] = "visitor; guest", ["賕"] = "to bribe", ["賙"] = "bestow alms", ["賚"] = "bestow; confer", ["賜"] = "confer; bestow; grant", ["賝"] = "(gem)", ["賞"] = "enjoy the beauty of; give; award", ["賠"] = "lose in trade; pay damage", ["賡"] = "continue (as a song)", ["賢"] = "worthy (person)", ["賣"] = "sell", ["賤"] = "inexpensive; lowly", ["賦"] = "poetic essay; taxation; bestow on; endow with", ["賧"] = "fine", ["賨"] = "tribute paid by Han dynasty tribes", ["質"] = "hostage; substance; nature; quality", ["賬"] = "account", ["賭"] = "bet; gamble", ["賮"] = "farewell presents", ["賴"] = "disclaim; rely; to blame", ["賵"] = "gift to the dead", ["賸"] = "have as remainder", ["賺"] = "cheat; swindle; earn; make a profit", ["賻"] = "contribute to funeral expenses", ["購"] = "to buy; to purchase", ["賽"] = "to compete; competition; match", ["賾"] = "mysterious", ["贄"] = "gifts to superiors", ["贅"] = "superfluous", ["贇"] = "good appearance", ["贈"] = "give present", ["贉"] = "pay an advance; silk book cover", ["贊"] = "to patronize; to support; to praise", ["贍"] = "to support; provide for", ["贏"] = "to beat; to win; to profit", ["贐"] = "farewell presents", ["贓"] = "booty; spoils", ["贔"] = "able to support great weight", ["贖"] = "redeem; to ransom", ["贗"] = "false", ["贛"] = "Jiangxi", ["赤"] = "red; scarlet; bare; naked", ["赦"] = "to pardon (a convict)", ["赧"] = "blush", ["赫"] = "distinguished; awe-inspiring", ["赬"] = "deep red", ["赭"] = "ochre", ["走"] = "to walk; to go; to move; to leave", ["赴"] = "go towards; go to; attend (a banquet, etc.); to go", ["起"] = "to rise; to raise; to get up", ["趁"] = "avail oneself of; take advantage of", ["趄"] = "recline; hesitate; mark time", ["超"] = "to exceed; overtake; surpass; transcend; ultra-; super-; to pass; to cross", ["越"] = "to exceed; to climb over; to surpass; the more ... the more", ["趑"] = "can't move; to falter", ["趒"] = "to jump, to climb over, to leap, to posture; a gangway", ["趔"] = "stumble", ["趕"] = "to catch up; to overtake; to hurry; to rush; to drive away", ["趙"] = "''surname''", ["趟"] = "a time; a trip", ["趡"] = "place name", ["趣"] = "interesting; to interest", ["趨"] = "to hasten; to hurry; walk fast", ["趫"] = "nimble; walk on stilts", ["趮"] = "easily provoked, hasty; fierce, cruel", ["趯"] = "to jump; way of stroke in calligraphy", ["趲"] = "hasten; urge", ["足"] = "foot; to be sufficient", ["趴"] = "to lie on one's stomach", ["趵"] = "jump; leap", ["趷"] = "to jolt", ["趹"] = "to gallop", ["趺"] = "instep; tarsus", ["趼"] = "callous", ["趾"] = "toe; foot", ["跁"] = "to squat; crouch", ["跂"] = "foot with six toes", ["跅"] = "careless", ["跆"] = "trample", ["跋"] = "travel; walk", ["跌"] = "to drop; to fall; to tumble", ["跏"] = "sit cross-legged", ["跐"] = "to trample, to step, to walk on the ball of the foot", ["跑"] = "to run; to escape", ["跕"] = "shuffle", ["跖"] = "sole of foot", ["跗"] = "instep; tarsus", ["跙"] = "weak, lame", ["跚"] = "limp", ["跛"] = "lame; crippled", ["距"] = "at a distance of; distance; to be apart", ["跟"] = "to follow; to go with; heel; with; and", ["跡"] = "footprint; mark; trace; vestige; sign; indication", ["跣"] = "barefooted", ["跤"] = "bones of leg; wrestle", ["跦"] = "pace back and forth; to walk", ["跧"] = "to curl up; crouch", ["跨"] = "step across; step astride", ["跩"] = "waddle; swagger", ["跪"] = "kneel", ["跫"] = "sound of trampling", ["跬"] = "brief; short step", ["跮"] = "hasty walking", ["路"] = "road; path; way", ["跱"] = "to squat; to stop", ["跲"] = "stumble", ["跳"] = "jump; hop; skip (a grade); to leap; to bounce; to beat", ["跴"] = "capture; step on", ["跺"] = "(v) stamp one's foot", ["跼"] = "cramped; narrow", ["跽"] = "kneel", ["踅"] = "to walk around; turn back midway; walk with one leg", ["踆"] = "squat", ["踉"] = "stagger; sway from side to side; jump", ["踊"] = "leap", ["踏"] = "step on", ["踐"] = "fulfil (a promise); tread; walk", ["踒"] = "to slip and sprain a limb", ["踔"] = "to get ahead; to stride; to excel", ["踖"] = "to step; walk reverently", ["踘"] = "leather ball", ["踜"] = "to stumble; to slip; to fall", ["踝"] = "ankle (bone)", ["踞"] = "be based upon; squat", ["踟"] = "hesitating; undecided; hesitant", ["踡"] = "to curl up", ["踢"] = "kick; play (football or soccer)", ["踣"] = "corpse; prostrate", ["踤"] = "butt against", ["踦"] = "shin", ["踧"] = "carefully; level; smooth", ["踩"] = "step upon; tread on; stamp", ["踫"] = "collide, bump into", ["踮"] = "tip toe", ["踰"] = "exceed; jump over", ["踱"] = "stroll, pace, walk slowly", ["踴"] = "leap", ["踵"] = "arrive; follow; heel", ["踶"] = "kick; tread on", ["踹"] = "kick; trample", ["踼"] = "to fall flat; to fall on the face", ["踽"] = "hunchbacked; walk alone", ["蹀"] = "tread on", ["蹁"] = "to limp", ["蹂"] = "trample", ["蹄"] = "hoof; pork shoulder", ["蹇"] = "difficulty; lame", ["蹈"] = "tread on; trample; stamp; fulfil", ["蹉"] = "error; slip; miss; err", ["蹊"] = "footpath", ["蹋"] = "step on", ["蹌"] = "stagger; sway from side to side; walk rapidly", ["蹐"] = "walk with short steps", ["蹓"] = "to stroll; walk a horse", ["蹔"] = "temporary; fleeting; ephemeral", ["蹕"] = "to clear streets when emperor tours", ["蹙"] = "urgent; wrinkled; contracted; to kick", ["蹚"] = "wade", ["蹜"] = "walk carefully", ["蹝"] = "slippers", ["蹟"] = "footprint; trace", ["蹠"] = "metatarsus; sole of foot; tread on", ["蹡"] = "(manner of walking)", ["蹢"] = "hoof", ["蹣"] = "limp", ["蹤"] = "footprint; trace; tracks", ["蹦"] = "to jump; bounce or hop", ["蹧"] = "to waste; spoil", ["蹩"] = "limp", ["蹬"] = "step into (as tight shoe)", ["蹭"] = "rub against; walk slowly; rub", ["蹯"] = "paws of animal", ["蹲"] = "crouch; squat", ["蹴"] = "carefully; kick; tread on; stamp", ["蹶"] = "stumble; trample; to kick (as a horse)", ["蹺"] = "raise one's foot", ["蹻"] = "raise one's foot", ["蹼"] = "web (of feet of ducks, frogs, etc.)", ["躁"] = "hot-tempered; impatient", ["躄"] = "both feet crippled; lame", ["躅"] = "to step on; footprint", ["躇"] = "hesitate", ["躉"] = "wholesale", ["躋"] = "go up", ["躍"] = "to jump; to leap", ["躐"] = "step across", ["躑"] = "to kick; to jump; foot filth", ["躒"] = "move; walk", ["躓"] = "stumble", ["躔"] = "course of stars; follow precedent", ["躕"] = "irresolute; undecided", ["躗"] = "exaggerate", ["躘"] = "to walk", ["躚"] = "manner of dancing; walk around", ["躝"] = "to pass; to step over; to creep; to twine round", ["躞"] = "to walk", ["躠"] = "to limp", ["躡"] = "chase; step; tread", ["躥"] = "jump up", ["躦"] = "to jump", ["躩"] = "bend; leap", ["躪"] = "trample down, oppress, overrun", ["身"] = "body; torso; person; life; status; pregnancy; (a measure word used for clothes) suit", ["躬"] = "body; oneself; personally; to bow", ["躲"] = "avoid; get out of way; to hide; to go into hiding", ["躺"] = "to recline; to lie down", ["軀"] = "human body", ["車"] = "vehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe", ["軋"] = "crush; in the first place", ["軌"] = "course; path; track; rail", ["軍"] = "army; military; arms", ["軏"] = "crossbar for yoking horses", ["軒"] = "covered carriage; pavilion", ["軔"] = "brake", ["軘"] = "war chariot", ["軛"] = "restrain; yoke", ["軜"] = "inner reins of a 4-horse team", ["軝"] = "end of axle", ["軟"] = "soft; flexible", ["軥"] = "ends of yoke", ["軨"] = "lattice work on front and sides", ["軫"] = "d (11th); strongly (as of emotion)", ["軱"] = "wheel", ["軷"] = "sacrifice", ["軸"] = "axis; axle", ["軹"] = "end of axle outside of hub", ["軺"] = "light carriage", ["軻"] = "given name of Mencius", ["軼"] = "disperse; put in order; surpass", ["軾"] = "crossbar in carriage front", ["軿"] = "curtained carriage used by women", ["輀"] = "hearse", ["較"] = "clear; distinct; compare; comparatively", ["輅"] = "chariot", ["輇"] = "small; wheel without spokes", ["輈"] = "beam; pole; shaft", ["載"] = "to carry; to convey; to load; to hold; and; also; as well as; simultaneously; year", ["輊"] = "back and lower of chariot; short; low", ["輒"] = "sides of chariot where weapons", ["輓"] = "draw; pull; send funeral ode", ["輔"] = "to assist; to complement; auxiliary", ["輕"] = "light; easy; gentle; soft; reckless; unimportant; frivolous; small in number; unstressed; neutral", ["輗"] = "clamps for crossbar of carriage", ["輛"] = "(a measure word for vehicles)", ["輜"] = "carriage that has curtain; carriage for military supply", ["輝"] = "bright; glorious", ["輞"] = "tire; wheel band", ["輟"] = "stop; cease; suspend", ["輠"] = "grease-pot under a cart", ["輤"] = "a pall to cover the hearse", ["輥"] = "revolve; stone roller", ["輦"] = "emperor's carriage", ["輩"] = "contemporaries; generation; lifetime", ["輪"] = "wheel; gear; (by) turn; rotate", ["輬"] = "a hearse; a carriage", ["輮"] = "wheel band", ["輯"] = "gather up; collect; edit; compile", ["輳"] = "converge; hub of wheel", ["輴"] = "hearse", ["輵"] = "great array of spears and chariots", ["輶"] = "light carriage; trifling", ["輸"] = "to transport; to lose", ["輹"] = "parts of cart holding the axle", ["輻"] = "spoke of a wheel", ["輾"] = "roll over on side; turn half over", ["輿"] = "carriage; sedan chair; world", ["轀"] = "hearse", ["轂"] = "hub of wheel; wheel", ["轄"] = "have jurisdiction over", ["轅"] = "shafts of cart; yamen", ["轆"] = "windlass", ["轇"] = "complicated, confused; dispute", ["轉"] = "to revolve; to turn; to circle about; to walk about; to convey; to forward (mail); to transfer; to shift", ["轍"] = "rut; track; to remove; to withdraw", ["轎"] = "sedan chair", ["轏"] = "chariot for sleeping and conveyance", ["轑"] = "spokes", ["轒"] = "war chariot", ["轔"] = "rumbling of wheels", ["轕"] = "confused; disorderly", ["轖"] = "leather top of a cart", ["轗"] = "unable to reach one's aim", ["轘"] = "to tear between chariots (punishment)", ["轙"] = "rings on the yokes", ["轝"] = "sedan chair", ["轞"] = "vehicle for transporting prisoners", ["轟"] = "explosion; bang; boom; rumble; strike (by thunder or a bomb)", ["轡"] = "bridle; reins", ["轢"] = "to bully; wheel-rut", ["轤"] = "windlass", ["辛"] = "8th [[heavenly stem]]; tired", ["辜"] = "crime; sin", ["辟"] = "law; king; emperor; monarch; royal; ward off", ["辣"] = "hot (spicy); pungent", ["辦"] = "to do; to manage; to handle; to go about; to run; to set up; to deal with", ["辨"] = "distinguish; recognize", ["辭"] = "bid farewell; diction; resign; say goodbye; take leave; decline", ["辮"] = "a braid or queue; to plait", ["辯"] = "dispute; debate; argue; discuss", ["辰"] = "5th [[earthly branch]]; 7–9 a.m.", ["辱"] = "disgrace; insult", ["農"] = "agriculture", ["辿"] = "follow, pursue", ["迂"] = "literal-minded", ["迄"] = "as yet; until", ["迅"] = "rapid", ["迋"] = "deceive; scare; to travel", ["迍"] = "falter, hesitate", ["迎"] = "to welcome", ["近"] = "near; close (to); approximately", ["迓"] = "receive (as a guest)", ["返"] = "to return (to)", ["迕"] = "obstinate, perverse", ["迢"] = "remote", ["迣"] = "to leap over", ["迤"] = "extending to; winding", ["迥"] = "distant", ["迨"] = "catch; seize; until", ["迪"] = "direct; follow", ["迫"] = "to force; to compel; pressing; urgent", ["迭"] = "alternately; repeatedly", ["迮"] = "haste; to press", ["述"] = "to state; to tell; to narrate; to relate", ["迴"] = "to curve; to return; to revolve", ["迷"] = "bewilder; crazy about; fan; enthusiast; lost; confused", ["迸"] = "to burst forth; to spurt; to crack; split", ["迺"] = "thereupon", ["迻"] = "to shift; to transfer", ["追"] = "pursue (a problem); to chase", ["迿"] = "to be the first to begin a quarrel", ["退"] = "retreat; to decline; to move back; to withdraw", ["送"] = "to deliver; to carry; to give (as a present); to present (with); to see off; to send", ["逃"] = "to escape; to run away; to flee", ["逄"] = "''surname''", ["逆"] = "contrary; opposite; backwards; to go against; to oppose; to betray; to rebel", ["逋"] = "flee; abscond; owe", ["逌"] = "distant; joyous; satisfied", ["透"] = "to penetrate; thorough; penetrating; to pass through; to pierce", ["逐"] = "to pursue; to chase; individually; one by one", ["逑"] = "collect; to match", ["途"] = "way; route; road", ["逕"] = "way; path; direct; diameter", ["逖"] = "far", ["逗"] = "stay; stop; to pause (while reading); to tease (play with)", ["這"] = "this; these; (sometimes used before a measure word, especially in Beijing)", ["通"] = "go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open", ["逛"] = "to stroll; to visit", ["逝"] = "depart; die", ["逞"] = "please oneself; presume on; boast", ["速"] = "fast; rapid; quick", ["造"] = "to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture", ["逡"] = "shrink from", ["逢"] = "every time; meet by chance", ["連"] = "even; as; to join; to link; successively", ["逭"] = "escape from", ["逮"] = "catch; seize; until; arrest", ["逯"] = "go carefully", ["週"] = "cycle; week", ["進"] = "advance; enter; to come in", ["逴"] = "apparent; distant; highly", ["逵"] = "crossroads; thoroughfare", ["逶"] = "winding, curving; swagger", ["逸"] = "escape; leisurely; outstanding", ["逼"] = "force; compel; drive; press for; extort; press on towards; press up to; close in on; close", ["逾"] = "to exceed; to go beyond; to jump over", ["遁"] = "disappear; to escape", ["遂"] = "forthwith", ["遄"] = "hurry; go to and fro", ["遇"] = "meet with", ["遉"] = "spy, reconnoitre; detective", ["遊"] = "to roam; travel", ["運"] = "to move; to transport; to use; to apply; fortune; luck; fate", ["遍"] = "a time; everywhere; turn; all over; one time", ["過"] = "to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too-", ["遏"] = "to stop; check", ["遐"] = "abandon; distant", ["遑"] = "leisure", ["遒"] = "consolidate; end; strong", ["道"] = "direction; way; method; road; path; principle; truth; reason; skill; Tao (of Taoism); a measure word; to say; to speak; to talk", ["達"] = "attain; pass through; achieve; reach; realize; clear; inform; notify; dignity", ["違"] = "to disobey; to violate; to separate; to go against", ["遘"] = "meet unexpectedly", ["遙"] = "distant; remote; far; far away", ["遛"] = "to stroll; walk a horse; to linger", ["遜"] = "to yield", ["遝"] = "abundant; mixed", ["遞"] = "to hand over; to pass; to give", ["遠"] = "far; distant; remote", ["遣"] = "dispatch", ["遨"] = "make excursion; ramble; travel", ["適"] = "to fit; to suit", ["遫"] = "alert; nimble; quick", ["遭"] = "a time; incident; meet by chance; turn", ["遮"] = "cover up (a shortcoming); screen off; to hide; to conceal", ["遯"] = "disappear; to escape", ["遰"] = "go away; migrate", ["遲"] = "late; delayed; slow", ["遴"] = "select for appointment", ["遵"] = "to observe; to obey; to follow", ["遶"] = "go around; to wind (around)", ["遷"] = "to move; to shift", ["選"] = "to choose; to pick; to select; to elect", ["遹"] = "follow; in accordance with", ["遺"] = "to lose; to leave behind", ["遻"] = "recalcitrant; to encounter", ["遼"] = "Liaoning; name of a dynasty", ["遽"] = "hurry; fast; suddenly", ["避"] = "avoid; shun; flee; escape; leave; to keep away; to leave; to hide", ["邀"] = "invite to come", ["邁"] = "take a step", ["邃"] = "deep; distant; mysterious", ["還"] = "pay back; return; also; in addition; more; still; else; yet; (not) yet", ["邅"] = "not making progress", ["邇"] = "near", ["邈"] = "profound; remote", ["邊"] = "side; edge; margin; border; boundary", ["邏"] = "to patrol", ["邐"] = "winding", ["邑"] = "city", ["邕"] = "harmonious", ["邗"] = "name of an ancient river", ["邘"] = "''surname''; place name", ["邙"] = "name of a hill", ["邛"] = "mound; place name", ["邠"] = "name of an ancient city", ["邢"] = "''surname''; place name", ["那"] = "that; those; which", ["邦"] = "a state; country or nation", ["邧"] = "place name", ["邪"] = "daemonical; iniquitous; nefarious", ["邰"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["邱"] = "''surname''; mound", ["邲"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["邴"] = "''surname''; ancient city name; happy", ["邵"] = "''surname''; place name", ["邶"] = "name of a feudal state", ["邸"] = "''surname''; lodging-house", ["邽"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["邾"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["邿"] = "place name", ["郁"] = "''surname''; elegant", ["郃"] = "name of a person", ["郅"] = "''surname''; extremely", ["郇"] = "name of a feudal state", ["郈"] = "''surname''; place name", ["郊"] = "suburb", ["郎"] = "youth", ["郔"] = "place name", ["郕"] = "name of a feudal state", ["郗"] = "''surname''; name of an ancient city", ["郙"] = "ancient place name", ["郚"] = "place name", ["郛"] = "suburbs", ["郜"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["郝"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["郟"] = "name of a district in Henan", ["郠"] = "place name", ["郡"] = "canton; county; region", ["郢"] = "name of an ancient city", ["郤"] = "''surname''; crack; occasion for dislike", ["部"] = "ministry; department; section; part; division; troops; board; (a measure word); (a measure word for works of literature, films, machines, etc.)", ["郪"] = "name of a river; place name", ["郫"] = "place name", ["郭"] = "''surname''; outer city wall", ["郯"] = "''surname''; name of an ancient city", ["郰"] = "birthplace of Confucius in Shandong", ["郳"] = "place name", ["郴"] = "name of a district in Hunan", ["郵"] = "post (office); mail", ["郹"] = "place name", ["都"] = "metropolis; capital city; all; both (if two things are involved); entirely; even; already", ["郾"] = "place name", ["郿"] = "ancient place name", ["鄀"] = "place name", ["鄂"] = "Hubei province (abbrev.)", ["鄄"] = "name of a district in Shandong", ["鄆"] = "place name", ["鄇"] = "place name", ["鄈"] = "place name", ["鄉"] = "country; village", ["鄋"] = "name of a tribe", ["鄍"] = "place name", ["鄎"] = "place name", ["鄏"] = "place name", ["鄐"] = "''surname''", ["鄑"] = "place name", ["鄒"] = "''surname''; name of district in Shandong", ["鄔"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["鄖"] = "name of a feudal state", ["鄗"] = "ancient place name", ["鄘"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["鄙"] = "rustic; low; base; mean", ["鄚"] = "''surname''", ["鄜"] = "name of a district in Shaanxi", ["鄞"] = "name of a district in Zhejiang", ["鄠"] = "name of a district in Shaanxi", ["鄢"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["鄣"] = "place name", ["鄤"] = "place name", ["鄧"] = "Deng (Xiaoping)", ["鄩"] = "''surname''; place name", ["鄫"] = "name of a feudal state", ["鄬"] = "place in Henan province", ["鄭"] = "''surname''", ["鄮"] = "ancient place name", ["鄯"] = "name of a district in Xinjiang", ["鄰"] = "neighbour; adjacent; close to", ["鄱"] = "name of a lake", ["鄴"] = "''surname''; name of ancient district", ["鄶"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["鄹"] = "name of a state; ''surname''", ["鄺"] = "''surname''", ["鄻"] = "place name", ["鄾"] = "place name", ["鄿"] = "(herb); place name", ["酃"] = "name of a district in Hunan", ["酅"] = "place name", ["酆"] = "''surname''; name of an ancient city", ["酇"] = "group of 100 families; place name", ["酈"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["酉"] = "10th [[earthly branch]]; 5–7 p.m.", ["酊"] = "tincture", ["酋"] = "tribal chief", ["酌"] = "to pour the alcoholic drink; to consider", ["配"] = "to join; to fit; to mate; to mix; to match; to deserve; to make up (a prescription)", ["酎"] = "rich alcoholic drink that is fermented multiple times", ["酏"] = "elixirs; sweet wine", ["酐"] = "anhydride", ["酒"] = "alcoholic drink", ["酖"] = "poisonous; to poison; addicted to liquor", ["酗"] = "drunk", ["酚"] = "phenol", ["酞"] = "phthalein", ["酡"] = "flushed (from drinking)", ["酢"] = "toast to host by guest", ["酣"] = "intoxicated", ["酤"] = "to deal in liquors", ["酥"] = "flaky", ["酪"] = "Chinese cream; cheese", ["酬"] = "entertain; repay; return; reward; compensate", ["酮"] = "[[ketone]]", ["酯"] = "[[ester]]", ["酰"] = "(chem.) [[-acyl]]; acid radical", ["酲"] = "alcoholic", ["酴"] = "yeast", ["酵"] = "yeast", ["酶"] = "enzyme", ["酷"] = "ruthless; strong (as of wine); (slang loan from English) cool, great", ["酸"] = "sour; sore; ache; acid", ["酹"] = "pour out libation; sprinkle", ["酺"] = "drink heavily; drink in company", ["醁"] = "name of a wine", ["醃"] = "to salt; pickle", ["醅"] = "unstrained spirits", ["醆"] = "wine cup", ["醇"] = "of alcoholic drink, rich, pure", ["醉"] = "intoxicated", ["醊"] = "pour libation on ground", ["醋"] = "vinegar", ["醑"] = "spiritus; strain spirits", ["醒"] = "to wake up; to awaken; to be awake", ["醓"] = "brine of pickled meat", ["醚"] = "[[ether]]", ["醛"] = "[[aldehyde]]", ["醜"] = "shameful; ugly; disgraceful", ["醝"] = "white wine", ["醞"] = "to brew", ["醡"] = "press for extracting wine", ["醢"] = "minced meat; pickled meat", ["醣"] = "carbohydrate", ["醨"] = "dregs of wine", ["醪"] = "alcoholic drink with dregs", ["醫"] = "medical; medicine; doctor; to cure; to treat", ["醬"] = "jam; thick sauce", ["醭"] = "mould on liquids", ["醮"] = "perform sacrifice", ["醯"] = "vinegar; acyl", ["醰"] = "bitter taste in wine; rich; full flavoured", ["醲"] = "concentrated; strong wine", ["醴"] = "sweet wine", ["醵"] = "contribute to a feast", ["醹"] = "strong (of wine)", ["醺"] = "to be drunk; to intoxicate with alcohol", ["醼"] = "strong (of tea)", ["醽"] = "name of a wine", ["醾"] = "unfiltered wine; wine brewed twice", ["釀"] = "ferment; brew", ["釁"] = "offer blood in sacrifice", ["釂"] = "drain a goblet", ["釃"] = "to filter alcohol; to pour alcohol or tea into drinkware; to branch off a river", ["釅"] = "strong (of tea)", ["釆"] = "to distinguish", ["采"] = "allotment to a feudal noble; affairs; gather", ["釉"] = "glaze (of porcelain)", ["釋"] = "explain; to release", ["里"] = "li, a Chinese unit of length", ["重"] = "heavy; serious; to double; to repeat; repetition; iteration; again; a layer", ["野"] = "field; plain; open space; limit; boundary; rude; wild", ["量"] = "capacity; quantity; amount; to estimate; to measure", ["釐"] = "centi-", ["金"] = "metal; gold; money", ["釓"] = "gadolinium", ["釔"] = "yttrium", ["釕"] = "ruthenium", ["釗"] = "encourage; to cut; to strain", ["釘"] = "nail", ["釙"] = "polonium", ["釜"] = "kettle; cauldron", ["針"] = "needle; pin; injection", ["釣"] = "to fish with a hook and bait", ["釤"] = "samarium", ["釦"] = "button", ["釧"] = "an armlet; bracelet", ["釩"] = "vanadium", ["釪"] = "an alms bowl; a small bell", ["釬"] = "to solder; weld by heat", ["釭"] = "hanging bowl for lamp or fish", ["釱"] = "fetters; to fetter", ["釵"] = "hairpin", ["釷"] = "thorium", ["釸"] = "silicon", ["釹"] = "neodymium", ["鈀"] = "palladium", ["鈁"] = "francium", ["鈃"] = "long-necked wine flask", ["鈄"] = "a wine flagon", ["鈆"] = "lead", ["鈇"] = "axe", ["鈉"] = "sodium", ["鈊"] = "cadolinium", ["鈌"] = "to pierce, to stab; to take", ["鈍"] = "blunt; stupid", ["鈐"] = "latch of door; seal", ["鈑"] = "metal plate; sheet of metal", ["鈒"] = "germanium", ["鈔"] = "money; paper money", ["鈕"] = "button", ["鈞"] = "30 catties or 15 kg; great; (honorific) your", ["鈣"] = "calcium", ["鈥"] = "holmium", ["鈦"] = "titanium", ["鈧"] = "scandium", ["鈮"] = "niobium", ["鈰"] = "cerium", ["鈳"] = "columbium", ["鈴"] = "(small) bell", ["鈷"] = "cobalt", ["鈸"] = "cymbals", ["鈹"] = "beryllium", ["鈺"] = "hard metals", ["鈽"] = "plutonium", ["鈾"] = "uranium", ["鈿"] = "gold inlaid work", ["鉀"] = "potassium", ["鉅"] = "great; hard iron", ["鉆"] = "treasure", ["鉈"] = "thallium", ["鉉"] = "stand for bronze tripod (archeol.); used in names, e.g. 盧武鉉 President Loh Roh Mu-hyun of South Korea", ["鉋"] = "a plane; to plane", ["鉌"] = "small bell", ["鉍"] = "bismuth", ["鉏"] = "hoe", ["鉑"] = "platinum", ["鉗"] = "pincers; pliers; tongs; claw (of animal); to grasp with pincers; to pinch; to clamp; to restrain; to restrict; to gag", ["鉚"] = "riveting", ["鉛"] = "lead (metal)", ["鉞"] = "battle-axe", ["鉤"] = "entice; hook", ["鉥"] = "acmite", ["鉦"] = "gong used to halt troops", ["鉬"] = "molybdenum", ["鉭"] = "tantalum", ["鉲"] = "cadmium", ["鉶"] = "cauldron for soup", ["鉸"] = "scissors; to cut (with scissors)", ["鉺"] = "erbium", ["鉻"] = "chromium", ["鉼"] = "plate", ["鉾"] = "spear", ["鉿"] = "hafnium", ["銀"] = "silver; money", ["銃"] = "a gun; a pistol", ["銅"] = "copper", ["銍"] = "sickle", ["銎"] = "eye of an axe", ["銑"] = "shining metal", ["銓"] = "estimate; select", ["銕"] = "iron; strong, solid, firm", ["銖"] = "twenty-fourth part of a tael", ["銘"] = "inscribed motto", ["銚"] = "weeding tool; pan with a long handle", ["銛"] = "fish-spear; sharp", ["銜"] = "hold in mouth; nominal office", ["銠"] = "rhodium", ["銣"] = "rubidium", ["銤"] = "americium", ["銥"] = "iridium", ["銦"] = "indium", ["銧"] = "point of a sword", ["銨"] = "ammonium", ["銩"] = "thulium", ["銪"] = "europium", ["銫"] = "caesium", ["銬"] = "shackles, manacle", ["銲"] = "to solder; weld by heat", ["銳"] = "acute", ["銶"] = "single-headed pick; stone chisel", ["銷"] = "to melt; to do away with; to sell", ["銻"] = "antimony", ["銼"] = "a file (tool for shaping metal); to file", ["鋁"] = "aluminium", ["鋂"] = "lock; metal dog collar", ["鋅"] = "zinc", ["鋆"] = "gold", ["鋇"] = "barium", ["鋈"] = "-plated; to plate", ["鋊"] = "a poker; brass filings; to file", ["鋌"] = "big arrow; walk fast; ingot", ["鋍"] = "beryllium", ["鋏"] = "pincers for use at a fire; sword", ["鋐"] = "utensil; implement", ["鋑"] = "to engrave or carve, as a block for printing", ["鋒"] = "point or edge of a tool", ["鋕"] = "engrave; to record", ["鋘"] = "to plaster; trowel", ["鋙"] = "hoe", ["鋝"] = "(ancient unit of weight)", ["鋟"] = "carve", ["鋤"] = "a hoe; to hoe or dig; to weed; get rid of", ["鋦"] = "curium; mend chinaware with staples", ["鋨"] = "osmium", ["鋩"] = "sharp point", ["鋪"] = "a bed; a store; to spread", ["鋮"] = "person's name", ["鋯"] = "zirconium", ["鋰"] = "lithium", ["鋱"] = "terbium", ["鋸"] = "a saw; to saw; to mend (china) with staples", ["鋹"] = "sharp; a keen edge; sharp point", ["鋼"] = "steel", ["錀"] = "(metal)", ["錁"] = "grease-pot for cart; ingot", ["錄"] = "to record; to hit; to copy", ["錆"] = "the colour of a mineral", ["錈"] = "to bend iron", ["錏"] = "ammonium", ["錐"] = "awl; to bore", ["錒"] = "actinium", ["錔"] = "encase the end with metal", ["錕"] = "steel sword", ["錘"] = "to hammer; weight of steel yard", ["錙"] = "ancient weight; one-fourth of a tael", ["錚"] = "clang of metals; small gong", ["錛"] = "adz; adze; [gen3]; blunt; tough; chewy", ["錞"] = "copper drum", ["錟"] = "long spear", ["錠"] = "ingot", ["錡"] = "cauldron; chisel", ["錢"] = "coin; money", ["錤"] = "hoe", ["錦"] = "brocade; embroidered work; bright", ["錨"] = "anchor", ["錩"] = "metal utensil; mounting; fitting", ["錫"] = "tin", ["錮"] = "obstinate disease; restrain; to stop", ["錯"] = "mistake; error; blunder; fault; cross; uneven; wrong", ["錳"] = "manganese", ["錶"] = "watch", ["錸"] = "rhenium", ["錼"] = "np", ["鍆"] = "mendelevium", ["鍇"] = "high quality iron", ["鍉"] = "spoon, key", ["鍊"] = "refine", ["鍋"] = "pot; pan; boiler", ["鍍"] = "-plated; to plate", ["鍏"] = "spade", ["鍐"] = "a headstall, ornament on a bride", ["鍔"] = "blade edge; sharp", ["鍘"] = "lever-knife", ["鍚"] = "ornaments on headstall of horse", ["鍛"] = "forge; wrought; to discipline", ["鍠"] = "sound of drums and bells; trident", ["鍥"] = "cut; to carve", ["鍩"] = "Nobelium", ["鍪"] = "iron pot; metal cap", ["鍬"] = "shovel; to dig", ["鍭"] = "metal arrowhead", ["鍰"] = "(ancient measure); money", ["鍱"] = "thin plates of metal", ["鍵"] = "(door lock) key", ["鍶"] = "strontium", ["鍹"] = "spade; hoe", ["鍺"] = "germanium", ["鍼"] = "needle", ["鍾"] = "(ancient measure); ''surname''", ["鎂"] = "magnesium", ["鎉"] = "thallium", ["鎊"] = "pound (unit of currency)", ["鎌"] = "scythe; sickle", ["鎍"] = "chain; wire", ["鎏"] = "bessemerizing of matte", ["鎒"] = "to hoe; to weed", ["鎓"] = "onium", ["鎔"] = "to smelt; fuse", ["鎖"] = "to lock up; to lock", ["鎗"] = "rifle; spear", ["鎘"] = "cadmium", ["鎚"] = "a hammer; to hammer", ["鎛"] = "large bell; hoe, spade", ["鎞"] = "ploughshare; barb, lancet", ["鎡"] = "hoe", ["鎢"] = "tungsten", ["鎤"] = "sound of a bell; small bell", ["鎦"] = "lutecium", ["鎧"] = "armour", ["鎩"] = "spear", ["鎪"] = "to engrave (metal of wood)", ["鎬"] = "bright; place name; stove; a pick", ["鎮"] = "composed; small town; to suppress; to press down; to post", ["鎰"] = "abrasion; gold-20 taels in weight", ["鎳"] = "nickel", ["鎵"] = "gallium", ["鏃"] = "arrowhead; sharp", ["鏇"] = "lathe; thread in screw", ["鏈"] = "chain; lead or tin ore", ["鏌"] = "sword", ["鏐"] = "pure gold", ["鏑"] = "dysprosium", ["鏖"] = "violent fighting", ["鏗"] = "jingling of metals; to strike", ["鏘"] = "tinkling of small bells", ["鏚"] = "battle-axe", ["鏜"] = "noise of drums", ["鏝"] = "side of coin without words; trowel", ["鏞"] = "large bell", ["鏟"] = "spade; shovel", ["鏡"] = "mirror; lens", ["鏢"] = "a throwing weapon; dart", ["鏤"] = "engrave; hard steel", ["鏦"] = "spear; to plunge (with spear)", ["鏨"] = "engrave", ["鏵"] = "ploughshare; spade", ["鏷"] = "protactinium", ["鏹"] = "money; string of coins; sulfuric acid", ["鏻"] = "phosphonium", ["鏽"] = "rust", ["鏾"] = "the trigger of a crossbow; crossbow", ["鐃"] = "big cymbals", ["鐇"] = "vanadium", ["鐏"] = "butt end of spear", ["鐒"] = "lawrencium", ["鐓"] = "upsetting (forged pieces)", ["鐔"] = "knob on a sword-handle", ["鐘"] = "clock; time as measured in hours and minutes; bell", ["鐙"] = "stirrup", ["鐠"] = "praseodymium", ["鐨"] = "Fermium; fermium", ["鐩"] = "speculum", ["鐫"] = "degrade; engrave (wood or stone)", ["鐮"] = "scythe; sickle", ["鐲"] = "bracelet", ["鐳"] = "radium", ["鐵"] = "iron", ["鐶"] = "(ancient weight); metal ring", ["鐸"] = "large ancient bell", ["鐺"] = "clank; clang; sound of metal; frying pan; griddle", ["鐻"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["鐿"] = "ytterbium", ["鑀"] = "ionium", ["鑄"] = "cast metals; to coin (money)", ["鑊"] = "boiler or cauldron", ["鑌"] = "fine steel", ["鑐"] = "bolt of a Chinese lock", ["鑑"] = "example; mirror; to view", ["鑒"] = "example; mirror; to view; reflection; to reflect; to inspect; to warn; (ancient bronze mirror)", ["鑕"] = "(executioner's) block", ["鑞"] = "solder", ["鑠"] = "bright; melt; fuse (metal)", ["鑢"] = "polishing tool", ["鑣"] = "darts; escort; horse bit", ["鑤"] = "a plane; to plane", ["鑥"] = "lutetium", ["鑪"] = "stove", ["鑫"] = "(used in names)", ["鑭"] = "lanthanum", ["鑯"] = "awl; sharp iron point", ["鑰"] = "key", ["鑱"] = "sharp instrument for digging", ["鑲"] = "to inlay; to embed; ridge; border", ["鑴"] = "to engrave or carve, as a block for printing", ["鑵"] = "a can; a jar", ["鑷"] = "forceps; to nip", ["鑼"] = "gong", ["鑽"] = "an auger; diamond; enter (a hole); probe", ["鑾"] = "imperial", ["鑿"] = "chisel", ["钁"] = "a mattock; a billhook", ["钃"] = "metal", ["镅"] = "Americium", ["镎"] = "Neptunium", ["長"] = "long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop", ["門"] = "opening; door; gate; doorway; gateway; valve; switch; way to do something; knack; family; house; (religious) sect; school (of thought); class; category; (taxonomy) phylum or division", ["閂"] = "to bolt", ["閃"] = "flash; lightning", ["閆"] = "''surname''", ["閈"] = "gate of village; village", ["閉"] = "to close; stop up; shut; obstruct", ["開"] = "open; operate (vehicle); start", ["閌"] = "in 閌閬, open space in a structure", ["閎"] = "''surname''; big; gate", ["閏"] = "intercalary", ["閑"] = "to stay idle; to be unoccupied; not busy; leisure; enclosure", ["閒"] = "idle; interstice; separate", ["間"] = "interstice; separate; between; among; space; (measure word)", ["閔"] = "''surname''; feel compassion for", ["閘"] = "gear; watergate", ["閟"] = "hidden; hide", ["閡"] = "obstruct", ["閣"] = "council-chamber; shelf", ["閤"] = "council-chamber; shelf; side door", ["閥"] = "clique; valve", ["閨"] = "small arched door; women's apartment; women", ["閩"] = "Fujian Province (abbrev.); Min", ["閫"] = "door to women's room; threshold", ["閬"] = "閬中 place in Sichuan; 閬苑 palace, home of immortals; in 閌閬, open space in a structure", ["閭"] = "gate of a village; village", ["閱"] = "peruse; review; to read", ["閶"] = "gate of heaven; gate of palace", ["閹"] = "castrate", ["閺"] = "look down", ["閻"] = "gate of village", ["閼"] = "first wives of xiong-nu chiefs; shut; stop", ["閽"] = "door-keeper", ["閾"] = "threshold", ["閿"] = "wen xiang, Henan province", ["闃"] = "live alone; quiet", ["闇"] = "to shut the door; unilluminated", ["闈"] = "door to women's room; gate to palace", ["闉"] = "''surname''; inner gates", ["闊"] = "rich; wide; broad", ["闋"] = "section of a song; shut", ["闌"] = "door-screen; exhausted; late", ["闍"] = "used in Buddhist transliteration; tower over a city gate", ["闐"] = "fill up; rumbling sound", ["闑"] = "vertical divider of a door way", ["闒"] = "door or window in an upper story", ["闓"] = "loosen; open", ["闔"] = "entire (family)", ["闕"] = "imperial city; deficiency", ["闖"] = "to rush; break through", ["闚"] = "peep; pry into", ["關"] = "to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass", ["闞"] = "peep", ["闟"] = "peacefully; quietly", ["闠"] = "gate of market", ["闡"] = "to express; disclose; enlighten; open", ["闢"] = "dispel; open up; refute", ["闤"] = "wall around a market place", ["闥"] = "door of an inner room", ["阜"] = "abundant; mound", ["阞"] = "layer; vein", ["阡"] = "road leading north and south", ["阤"] = "bank; hillside", ["阨"] = "defile; pass; in distress", ["阪"] = "a slope; hillside", ["阬"] = "pit; to defraud", ["阮"] = "''surname''; a Chinese plucked stringed instrument", ["阯"] = "foundation", ["阱"] = "hole; pitfall", ["防"] = "to protect; to defend; to guard (against)", ["阹"] = "a pen; to surround", ["阻"] = "to hinder; to block; to obstruct", ["阼"] = "steps leading to the eastern door", ["阽"] = "dangerous", ["阿"] = "''phonetic''; (final part.); (interj.); flatter; an initial particle; prefix to names of people", ["陀"] = "''phonetic''; declivity; steep bank", ["陂"] = "rugged; uneven; reservoir", ["附"] = "to add; to attach; to be close to; to be attached", ["陋"] = "low; humble; plain; ugly; mean; vulgar", ["陌"] = "raised path; street", ["降"] = "to drop; to fall; to come down; to descend; to surrender", ["限"] = "limit; bound", ["陑"] = "place name", ["陔"] = "step; terrace", ["陘"] = "border the stove; defile; pass", ["陛"] = "the steps to the throne", ["陜"] = "Shaanxi", ["陝"] = "Shaanxi", ["陞"] = "promoted", ["陟"] = "advance; ascend", ["陡"] = "steep", ["院"] = "courtyard; institution", ["陣"] = "disposition of troops; short period; wave; spate; burst; spell", ["除"] = "remove; do away with; wipe out; divide; except", ["陪"] = "to accompany; to keep someone company", ["陬"] = "corner; foot of mountain", ["陰"] = "(of weather) overcast; Yin; feminine; moon; cloudy; negative (electric.); shady", ["陲"] = "frontier", ["陳"] = "arrange; exhibit; narrate; tell; old; stale; state; display; explain; ''surname''", ["陴"] = "parapet", ["陵"] = "mound; tomb; hill; mountain", ["陶"] = "pleased; pottery", ["陷"] = "to fall; trap", ["陸"] = "shore; land; continent; six (fraud-proof)", ["陼"] = "islet; bank", ["陽"] = "positive (electric.); sun; male", ["陾"] = "sound of stonemason's shovel", ["隃"] = "exceed; jump over", ["隄"] = "dike", ["隅"] = "corner", ["隆"] = "grand; intense; prosperous; start (a fire); sound of drums", ["隈"] = "bay; cove", ["隉"] = "dangerous", ["隊"] = "squadron; team; group", ["隋"] = "name of a dynasty", ["隍"] = "dry moat; god of city", ["階"] = "rank or step; stairs", ["隒"] = "the appearance of a mountain, as if two pots were standing one upon the other; the steep bank of a stream a rough mountain path", ["隔"] = "to separate; to stand or lie between; to divide; to cut off", ["隕"] = "fall; meteor; perish", ["隗"] = "''surname''; eminent; lofty", ["隘"] = "a pass or defile; narrow; confined; in distress", ["隙"] = "crack; occasion for dislike", ["際"] = "border; edge; boundary; between; among; interval; while", ["障"] = "to block; to hinder; to obstruct", ["隤"] = "fall in ruins; soft", ["隧"] = "subterranean; underground passage", ["隨"] = "to follow; to comply with; to allow; ''surname''", ["隩"] = "bay; cove", ["險"] = "danger(ous); rugged", ["隮"] = "go up; rainbow", ["隰"] = "''surname''; low; marshy land", ["隱"] = "secret; hidden; concealed", ["隳"] = "to destroy", ["隴"] = "Gansu", ["隸"] = "attached to; scribe", ["隹"] = "short-tailed bird", ["隻"] = "(a measure word, for birds and some animals, for one of a pair); single", ["雀"] = "bird; lentigo; sparrow", ["雁"] = "wild goose", ["雂"] = "(bird)", ["雄"] = "heroic; male", ["雅"] = "elegant", ["集"] = "to gather; to collect; collected works", ["雇"] = "hire", ["雉"] = "ringed pheasant", ["雊"] = "crowing of pheasant", ["雋"] = "smart; eminent; talented", ["雌"] = "female", ["雍"] = "''surname''; harmonious", ["雎"] = "(fish hawk); osprey", ["雒"] = "black horse with white mane; fearful", ["雕"] = "engrave; shrewd", ["雖"] = "although; even though", ["雗"] = "a white pheasant", ["雘"] = "red earth used for paints", ["雙"] = "two; double; pair; both", ["雚"] = "a heron; small cup", ["雛"] = "chick; young bird", ["雜"] = "mixed; miscellaneous; various; to mix", ["雝"] = "harmonious", ["雞"] = "fowl; chicken", ["雟"] = "sparrow; revolve; place name", ["離"] = "to leave; to depart; to go away; from", ["難"] = "disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good", ["雨"] = "rain", ["雩"] = "summer sacrifice for rain", ["雪"] = "snow", ["雯"] = "multicoloured clouds", ["雰"] = "misty; foggy", ["雱"] = "heavy fall of rain or snow", ["雲"] = "cloud; Yunnan (abbrev.); ''surname''", ["零"] = "remnant; zero; to fall", ["雷"] = "thunder", ["雹"] = "hail", ["電"] = "electric; electricity; electrical", ["需"] = "to require; to need; to want; necessity; need", ["霂"] = "drizzle; fine rain", ["霄"] = "firmament; heaven", ["霅"] = "''surname''; rain", ["霆"] = "clap of thunder", ["震"] = "shake; shock; sign in trigram", ["霈"] = "torrent of rain", ["霉"] = "bacteria; fungi; mouldy", ["霍"] = "quickly", ["霎"] = "all of a sudden; drizzle", ["霏"] = "fall of snow", ["霑"] = "moisten", ["霓"] = "secondary rainbow", ["霖"] = "continued rain", ["霙"] = "sleet; snowflakes", ["霜"] = "frost", ["霝"] = "drops of rain; to fall in drops", ["霞"] = "red clouds", ["霢"] = "drizzling rain; showered with favours", ["霣"] = "rain storm; to fall", ["霤"] = "dripping of rain from eaves", ["霧"] = "fog; mist", ["霨"] = "rising of clouds", ["霪"] = "heavy rain", ["霫"] = "Sui-Tang (premodern ethnic group)", ["霮"] = "denseness of clouds", ["霰"] = "sleet", ["露"] = "to show; to reveal; to expose; dew", ["霸"] = "feudal chief; rule by force; tyrant; lord; master; hegemon; usurp", ["霹"] = "of thunder, to strike", ["霽"] = "sky clearing up", ["霾"] = "dust-storm", ["靄"] = "cloudy sky; friendly", ["靈"] = "alert; departed soul; efficacious; quick; effective; intelligence", ["靉"] = "cloudy; shady", ["青"] = "green (blue, black); Qinghai province (abbrev.)", ["靖"] = "pacify; quiet", ["靚"] = "make up (face)", ["靛"] = "indigo pigment", ["靜"] = "still; calm; quiet; not moving", ["非"] = "(be) not; wrong; blame; Africa", ["靠"] = "depend upon; lean on; near; by; against; to support", ["靡"] = "extravagant; go with fashion; not; wasted", ["面"] = "face; side; surface; aspect; top", ["靦"] = "bashful", ["靨"] = "dimple", ["革"] = "leather; remove", ["靪"] = "to cobble, to patch", ["靮"] = "reins; bridle", ["靰"] = "leg warmer", ["靳"] = "''surname''; martingale; stingy", ["靴"] = "boots", ["靶"] = "target; mark", ["靷"] = "traces (of a carriage)", ["靸"] = "labourers; shoes; slippers", ["靺"] = "name of a tribe; socks; stockings", ["靼"] = "''phonetic''; dressed leather", ["靿"] = "the leg of a boot", ["鞀"] = "hand drum used by peddlers", ["鞃"] = "a leaning board on carriage", ["鞄"] = "to work hides; leather bag", ["鞅"] = "martingale", ["鞋"] = "shoe", ["鞍"] = "saddle", ["鞏"] = "secure; solid", ["鞗"] = "reins of leather", ["鞘"] = "scabbard; sheath", ["鞙"] = "fine", ["鞚"] = "bridle; reins", ["鞝"] = "patch of leather", ["鞞"] = "scabbard", ["鞠"] = "to bring up; to rear; ''surname''", ["鞡"] = "leg warmer", ["鞣"] = "suede; chamois; tannin; to tan", ["鞨"] = "buskin; name of a tribe; turban", ["鞬"] = "a quiver on a horse; a store", ["鞭"] = "a whip or lash; to flog; slash or whip", ["鞮"] = "''surname''; leather shoes", ["鞶"] = "large belt", ["鞹"] = "leather", ["韁"] = "bridle; reins", ["韃"] = "Tartar; a tribe in China", ["韅"] = "leather girth on horse", ["韉"] = "saddle blanket", ["韋"] = "''surname''; soft leather", ["韌"] = "annealed; pliable but strong; tough; tenacious", ["韍"] = "knee pad", ["韎"] = "a grass that gives red dye", ["韓"] = "(South) Korea; ''surname''", ["韔"] = "bow bag", ["韖"] = "tan, soften", ["韘"] = "archer's thumb ring", ["韙"] = "correct; right", ["韜"] = "bow case; to cover", ["韝"] = "archer's arm guard", ["韞"] = "contain", ["韡"] = "gorgeous", ["韣"] = "bow case", ["韭"] = "leek", ["韱"] = "wild onions or leeks", ["音"] = "sound; noise; news", ["韶"] = "(music); excellent; harmonious", ["韹"] = "music of bell and drum", ["韺"] = "music of legendary emperor Gu", ["韻"] = "rhyme", ["響"] = "to make a sound; to sound; to ring; (a measure word for sound); loud", ["頀"] = "music", ["頁"] = "page; leaf", ["頂"] = "go against; most; peak; top; to replace; to substitute; a measure word (use with \"hat\")", ["頃"] = "100 mu; a short while ago; a 'ching' (unit of area); approx. (with dates); a short while", ["頄"] = "cheekbone", ["項"] = "back of neck; item; thing", ["順"] = "to obey; to follow; to arrange; to make reasonable; along; favourable", ["須"] = "necessary; must; need", ["頊"] = "grieved; anxious", ["頌"] = "to praise", ["頍"] = "raise one's head", ["頎"] = "tall", ["頏"] = "fly down", ["預"] = "to advance; in advance; beforehand; to prepare", ["頑"] = "mischievous; obstinate; to play; stupid; stubborn; naughty", ["頒"] = "promulgate; send out; issue; to grant or confer", ["頓"] = "a time; jerk; stop; meal; bout; spell; (measure for beating)", ["頖"] = "disperse", ["頗"] = "quite; rather; uneven; sloping", ["領"] = "neck; collar; to lead; to receive", ["頜"] = "maxilla and mandible", ["頞"] = "junction of nose and forehead", ["頠"] = "easeful carriage of one's head", ["頡"] = "''surname''; fly upwards; neck", ["頤"] = "cheeks; nourish", ["頦"] = "chin", ["頫"] = "look down; stoop", ["頭"] = "head; (''noun suffix'')", ["頯"] = "cheekbone; protrude", ["頰"] = "cheeks", ["頲"] = "narrow forehead", ["頷"] = "chin; nod assent", ["頸"] = "neck", ["頹"] = "become bald; decadent", ["頻"] = "frequency; frequently; repetitious", ["顆"] = "(measure word for small spheres)", ["題"] = "topic; subject; to inscribe; to superscribe", ["額"] = "volume; amount; quantity; forehead; quota", ["顎"] = "jaw; palate", ["顏"] = "colour; countenance; face", ["顑"] = "yellow", ["顒"] = "great; just; stern", ["顓"] = "''surname''; good; simple", ["顗"] = "pleasing; respectful manner", ["願"] = "hope; wish; desire; ready; willing", ["顙"] = "forehead; kowtow", ["顛"] = "inverted; jolt; top", ["顜"] = "honest; upright", ["類"] = "kind; type; class; category; similar; like; to resemble", ["顣"] = "frown", ["顥"] = "bright; white", ["顧"] = "look after; take into consideration; to attend to", ["顫"] = "to tremble; to shiver; to shake; to vibrate", ["顯"] = "prominent; conspicuous; to show", ["顰"] = "knit the brows", ["顱"] = "forehead; skull", ["顳"] = "temporal bones", ["顴"] = "cheek bones", ["風"] = "wind; news; style; custom; manner", ["颭"] = "sway", ["颮"] = "whirlwind", ["颯"] = "declining; sound of wind", ["颱"] = "typhoon", ["颳"] = "blow (of the wind)", ["颶"] = "hurricane", ["颸"] = "cool breeze of autumn", ["颺"] = "soar; tossed by wind or wave", ["颻"] = "floating in the air", ["颼"] = "blow (as of wind); sound of wind", ["颽"] = "balmy; genial as wind", ["颾"] = "blowing of the wind", ["颿"] = "sail", ["飀"] = "soughing of wind", ["飂"] = "wind in high places", ["飄"] = "to float", ["飆"] = "whirlwind", ["飌"] = "wind", ["飛"] = "to fly", ["食"] = "eat; food; to feed; animal feed", ["飢"] = "hungry", ["飣"] = "display food for show only; sacrifice", ["飥"] = "food made of dough", ["飧"] = "supper", ["飪"] = "cooked food; cook until well done", ["飫"] = "full (as of eating)", ["飭"] = "keep in order; stern; to order; direct", ["飯"] = "food; cuisine; cooked rice; meal", ["飲"] = "drink", ["飴"] = "syrup", ["飶"] = "fragrance of food", ["飼"] = "to raise; to rear; to feed", ["飽"] = "to eat till full; satisfied", ["飾"] = "adorn; ornaments", ["餀"] = "tainted food", ["餂"] = "lick; lap", ["餃"] = "dumplings with meat filling", ["餅"] = "round flat cake; cookie; cake; pastry", ["餇"] = "food", ["餈"] = "fried rice cake", ["餉"] = "soldier's pay", ["養"] = "give birth; keep (pets); to support; to bring someone up; to raise (pig, etc.)", ["餌"] = "bait", ["餐"] = "eat; meal", ["餑"] = "cake; biscuit", ["餒"] = "hungry", ["餓"] = "to be hungry; hungry", ["餔"] = "evening meal", ["餕"] = "remains of a sacrifice or a meal", ["餖"] = "set out food", ["餗"] = "pot of cooked rice", ["餘"] = "remainder", ["餚"] = "meat dishes", ["餞"] = "farewell dinner; preserves", ["餟"] = "circle shrines and make sacrifices", ["餡"] = "stuffing; forcemeat", ["餤"] = "to advance", ["餧"] = "steamed bread; to feed", ["館"] = "house; establishment", ["餩"] = "hiccup", ["餪"] = "send a present of a feast", ["餫"] = "Chinese ravioli", ["餬"] = "congee; making a living", ["餮"] = "gluttonous", ["餱"] = "dry provisions", ["餲"] = "spoiled, sour, mouldy", ["餳"] = "malt-sugar; molasses", ["餵"] = "to feed", ["餼"] = "grain ration; sacrificial victim", ["餽"] = "make a present", ["餾"] = "reheat by steaming", ["餿"] = "rancid; soured (as food)", ["饁"] = "carry food to labourers in the field", ["饃"] = "mantou", ["饇"] = "to eat too much; to confer", ["饈"] = "delicacies", ["饉"] = "time of famine or crop failure", ["饋"] = "food; make a present", ["饌"] = "food; delicacies", ["饎"] = "food; to cook", ["饐"] = "rancid", ["饑"] = "hungry", ["饒"] = "to spare", ["饔"] = "dressed food; first meal of the day", ["饕"] = "gluttonous", ["饗"] = "offer or enjoy sacrifice", ["饘"] = "thick congee", ["饜"] = "eat to the full", ["饞"] = "gluttonous; greedy", ["饟"] = "soldier's pay", ["馕"] = "naan", ["首"] = "head; chief; first (occasion); first (thing); measure word for poems", ["馗"] = "cheekbone; crossroads; high", ["馘"] = "cut off the left ear of the slain", ["香"] = "fragrant; incense; (of food) savoury; appetizing; sweet; scented; popular", ["馝"] = "fragrance", ["馡"] = "fragrant", ["馣"] = "fragrant odour", ["馥"] = "fragrance, scent, aroma", ["馨"] = "fragrant", ["馬"] = "horse; ''surname''", ["馭"] = "manage; to drive", ["馮"] = "Feng (Chinese surname)", ["馱"] = "carry on back", ["馳"] = "run fast; speed; spread; gallop", ["馴"] = "attain gradually; tame", ["馵"] = "(horse)", ["馹"] = "horse for relaying dispatches", ["駁"] = "argue; particoloured; tranship; dispute; contradict; refute", ["駃"] = "fast (horse)", ["駉"] = "in good condition (as a horse)", ["駋"] = "(horse)", ["駐"] = "resident in; stationed in; located at; to station (troops)", ["駑"] = "worn out old horses", ["駒"] = "colt", ["駓"] = "(horse)", ["駔"] = "powerful horse", ["駕"] = "to drive; to draw; to harness; to mount", ["駗"] = "chatter mark", ["駘"] = "tired; worn out horse", ["駙"] = "prince consort", ["駛"] = "hasten; proceed to; sail a vessel", ["駜"] = "strong horse", ["駝"] = "camel; humpback", ["駟"] = "team of 4 horses", ["駢"] = "two adjacent horses; side by side; parallel; antithetical", ["駪"] = "large crowd", ["駬"] = "(horse)", ["駭"] = "astonish; startle", ["駮"] = "argue; particoloured; tranship", ["駰"] = "iron-grey (as a horse)", ["駱"] = "camel", ["駴"] = "thunderous beating of drums", ["駸"] = "fleet horse", ["駹"] = "black horse with a white face", ["駽"] = "grey", ["駾"] = "approach at swift gallop (on horses)", ["駿"] = "spirited horse", ["騁"] = "hasten; run; open up; gallop", ["騂"] = "bay horse", ["騃"] = "stupid; foolish", ["騄"] = "(horse)", ["騅"] = "''surname''; piebald", ["騆"] = "divine horse", ["騉"] = "fine horse", ["騋"] = "mare", ["騍"] = "mother horse", ["騎"] = "to ride (an animal or bike); to sit astride", ["騏"] = "piebald horse", ["騑"] = "horse with yellow back", ["騕"] = "name of a fabulous horse", ["騖"] = "fast; greedy; run rapidly", ["騙"] = "to cheat; to swindle; to deceive; to fool", ["騢"] = "(horse)", ["騣"] = "bristles; horse's mane", ["騤"] = "powerful; strong", ["騧"] = "piebald horse", ["騫"] = "defective; raise", ["騭"] = "determine; promote; stallion", ["騮"] = "bay horse with black mane", ["騰"] = "to soar; to gallop; to rise; to prance; to hover; to move out", ["騵"] = "chestnut horse with white belly", ["騶"] = "go; mythical animal", ["騷"] = "to bother; to annoy; to have sex appeal", ["騸"] = "to geld", ["騺"] = "heavy horse; horse unable to move because of twisted leg; plodding", ["騾"] = "mule", ["驀"] = "leap on or over; suddenly", ["驁"] = "a noble steed; untamed", ["驂"] = "outside horses of a team of 4", ["驃"] = "white horse", ["驄"] = "buckskin horse", ["驅"] = "to expel; to urge on; to drive; to run quickly", ["驆"] = "used in transliterating Buddhist books", ["驈"] = "black horse with white legs", ["驊"] = "chestnut horse", ["驌"] = "(horse)", ["驍"] = "brave; good horse; strong", ["驏"] = "horse without saddle", ["驒"] = "(horse)", ["驔"] = "black horse", ["驕"] = "proud; arrogant", ["驖"] = "dark brown horse", ["驗"] = "to examine; to test; to check", ["驙"] = "(horse)", ["驚"] = "to startle; to be frightened; to be scared; alarm", ["驛"] = "remount stations", ["驟"] = "sudden; suddenly", ["驢"] = "donkey", ["驤"] = "prance (as a horse)", ["驥"] = "thoroughbred horse; refined and virtuous", ["驦"] = "good horse", ["驩"] = "docile horse", ["驪"] = "black horse; good horse", ["驫"] = "a horde of horses", ["骨"] = "bone", ["骫"] = "be bent; crooked (of bones)", ["骭"] = "shinbone", ["骰"] = "cuboid bone; dice", ["骱"] = "joint of bones", ["骴"] = "a putrid carcass", ["骷"] = "skeleton", ["骸"] = "bones of the body", ["骼"] = "skeleton", ["骾"] = "blunt; fish bones; unyielding", ["髀"] = "thigh; thigh bone", ["髁"] = "condyles", ["髆"] = "shoulder blade", ["髏"] = "skull", ["髑"] = "skull", ["髒"] = "dirty; filthy", ["髓"] = "marrow", ["體"] = "body; form; style; system", ["髕"] = "kneecap", ["髖"] = "pelvis; pelvic", ["高"] = "high; tall", ["髟"] = "hair; shaggy", ["髡"] = "make the head bald", ["髣"] = "seemingly", ["髦"] = "bang (hair); fashionable; mane", ["髧"] = "long hair", ["髫"] = "tufts of hair on children", ["髭"] = "moustache", ["髮"] = "hair", ["髯"] = "beard; whiskers", ["髲"] = "a wig", ["髳"] = "bang (hair); fashionable; mane", ["髹"] = "red lacquer; to lacquer", ["髺"] = "dishevelled hair, as in mourning", ["髻"] = "hair rolled up in a bun, topknot", ["髽"] = "dress the hair", ["髾"] = "tail of a comet; long hair", ["鬁"] = "bald; scabby", ["鬃"] = "bristles; horse's mane", ["鬅"] = "dishevelled", ["鬆"] = "loose", ["鬈"] = "to curl; curled", ["鬋"] = "to hang down (hair)", ["鬍"] = "beard; moustache", ["鬎"] = "bald; scabby", ["鬐"] = "dorsal fins; horse's mane", ["鬑"] = "hanging temple hair", ["鬒"] = "bushy black hair", ["鬖"] = "wild hair", ["鬗"] = "head ornaments; pretty hair", ["鬘"] = "beautiful hair", ["鬙"] = "short hair; unkempt", ["鬚"] = "beard; moustache", ["鬟"] = "a knot of hair on top of head", ["鬠"] = "to make a top knot", ["鬢"] = "temples; hair on the temples", ["鬣"] = "bristles; mane", ["鬥"] = "fight; contend; incite; meet; encounter", ["鬧"] = "make noise or disturbance", ["鬨"] = "have a hilarious time; riot", ["鬩"] = "feud, fight, quarrel", ["鬮"] = "(draw) lots; lot (in a game of chance)", ["鬯"] = "sacrificial spirit", ["鬱"] = "dense (growth); melancholy", ["鬲"] = "''surname''; earthen pot; iron cauldron", ["鬵"] = "big iron pot, cauldron", ["鬷"] = "kettle on legs", ["鬻"] = "vend", ["鬼"] = "ghost; sly; crafty", ["魁"] = "chief; head", ["魂"] = "soul", ["魃"] = "drought demon", ["魄"] = "soul", ["魅"] = "demon; magic; to charm", ["魆"] = "beguile; suddenly", ["魈"] = "elf", ["魊"] = "ghost of a child", ["魋"] = "Japanese brown bear", ["魏"] = "''surname''; name of a dynasty", ["魑"] = "mountain elf", ["魔"] = "devil", ["魘"] = "nightmare", ["魚"] = "fish", ["魛"] = "the mullet", ["魟"] = "ray (fish)", ["魦"] = "shark family, including some rays and skates", ["魨"] = "leatherfish", ["魬"] = "sole or flounder", ["魯"] = "crass; place name", ["魴"] = "bream; {{taxlink|Zeus japonicus|species}}", ["魵"] = "shrimp", ["魷"] = "cuttlefish", ["鮀"] = "(fish)", ["鮆"] = "(fish)", ["鮐"] = "globefish", ["鮑"] = "abalone", ["鮒"] = "silver carp", ["鮓"] = "preserved fish", ["鮚"] = "oyster", ["鮞"] = "caviar; fish roe", ["鮠"] = "a kind of shad with a head like a sturgeon", ["鮦"] = "snakefish", ["鮨"] = "{{taxlink|Epinephelus septemfasciatus|species}}", ["鮪"] = "little tuna; {{taxlink|Euthynnus alletteratus|species}}", ["鮫"] = "shark", ["鮭"] = "blowfish; salmon", ["鮮"] = "few; rare; fresh", ["鮶"] = "{{taxlink|Sebastodes guntheri|species}}", ["鮸"] = "{{taxlink|Miichthys miiuy|species}}", ["鮿"] = "(fresh-water fish)", ["鯀"] = "[[w:Gun (Chinese mythology)|Gun]], father of Yu the Great", ["鯁"] = "blunt; fish bones; unyielding", ["鯄"] = "{{taxlink|Lepidotrigla microptera|species}}", ["鯆"] = "the skate or ray", ["鯇"] = "carp", ["鯈"] = "{{taxlink|Leuciscus macropus|species}}", ["鯉"] = "carp", ["鯊"] = "shark", ["鯔"] = "{{vern|flathead grey mullet}}", ["鯕"] = "[[bream]]; {{vern|white common carp}}; {{vern|redlip croaker}}", ["鯖"] = "mackerel; mullet", ["鯗"] = "wine-preserved pomfret", ["鯙"] = "[[moray eel]]", ["鯛"] = "{{taxlink|Pagrus major|species}}", ["鯠"] = "to confer; to bestow on an inferior; to reward", ["鯡"] = "herring", ["鯢"] = "''[[Cryptobranchus japonicus]]''; [[salamander]]", ["鯤"] = "sea-monster; young of fishes", ["鯥"] = "{{taxlink|Pomatomus saltatrix|species}}; bluefish", ["鯧"] = "a type of fish", ["鯨"] = "whale", ["鯪"] = "pangolin; {{taxlink|Manis pentadactylata|species}}", ["鯫"] = "''surname''; minnows; small fish", ["鯰"] = "sheat", ["鯸"] = "blowfish", ["鯽"] = "bastard carp; sand perch", ["鰆"] = "{{taxlink|Scomberomorus sinensis|species}}", ["鰈"] = "flatfish; flounder; sole", ["鰉"] = "sturgeon", ["鰋"] = "mudfish", ["鰍"] = "loach", ["鰒"] = "{{taxlink|Haliotis gigantea|species}}; {{vern|sea ear}}", ["鰓"] = "gills of fish", ["鰜"] = "a flounder; flatfish", ["鰣"] = "shad; {{taxlink|Ilisha elongata|species}}", ["鰤"] = "{{taxlink|Seriola qinqueradiata|species}}; yellow tail", ["鰥"] = "widower", ["鰩"] = "ray (fish)", ["鰭"] = "fins; supporting surfaces", ["鰱"] = "''[[Hypophthalmichthys molitrix]]''", ["鰲"] = "sea turtle", ["鰳"] = "(shad); spermary of fish", ["鰶"] = "''[[Konosirus punctatus]]''", ["鰷"] = "Chub ''[[Leucichthys]]''", ["鰹"] = "bonito", ["鰻"] = "eel; {{taxlink|Anguilla rostrata|species}}", ["鰼"] = "loach; mudfish", ["鰽"] = "herring", ["鰾"] = "air bladder of fish", ["鱄"] = "(fish); ''surname''", ["鱆"] = "poulpe", ["鱈"] = "codfish; {{taxlink|Gadus macrocephalus|species}}", ["鱉"] = "turtle", ["鱎"] = "(fish)", ["鱐"] = "dried fish", ["鱒"] = "barbel", ["鱔"] = "{{vern|Chinese yellow eel}}", ["鱖"] = "{{taxlink|Helicolenus|genus}}", ["鱗"] = "scales (of fish)", ["鱘"] = "''[[Acipenser]]'' spp.; sturgeon", ["鱟"] = "horseshoe crab", ["鱠"] = "chopped meat or fish", ["鱣"] = "{{taxlink|Acipenser micadoi|species}}; sturgeon", ["鱧"] = "snakefish", ["鱨"] = "(fish)", ["鱭"] = "{{taxlink|Coilia nasus|species}}", ["鱮"] = "{{taxlink|Hypophthalmichthys moritrix|species}}", ["鱵"] = "{{taxlink|Hyporhampus sajuri|species}}", ["鱷"] = "crocodile; alligator", ["鱸"] = "common perch", ["鳥"] = "bird", ["鳦"] = "a swallow (bird)", ["鳧"] = "wild duck; to swim", ["鳩"] = "turtle-dove; {{taxlink|Turtur orientalis|species}}", ["鳳"] = "male fenghuang", ["鳴"] = "to cry (of birds)", ["鳶"] = "kite", ["鳷"] = "{{taxlink|Garrulus lidthi|species}}", ["鳻"] = "the wild pigeon", ["鴃"] = "shrike", ["鴄"] = "wild duck", ["鴆"] = "[[w:zhenniao|a mythical bird]]; poisonous; to poison", ["鴇"] = "Chinese bustard; procuress", ["鴈"] = "wild goose", ["鴉"] = "crow", ["鴒"] = "wagtail; lark", ["鴕"] = "ostrich", ["鴗"] = "{{taxlink|Alcedo bengalensis|species}}", ["鴝"] = "(mynah)", ["鴞"] = "[[Ural owl]]", ["鴟"] = "[[scops owl]]", ["鴠"] = "a kind of nightingale", ["鴢"] = "(duck)", ["鴥"] = "to swoop, fly swiftly", ["鴨"] = "duck", ["鴳"] = "quail", ["鴷"] = "woodpecker", ["鴻"] = "{{vern|eastern bean goose}}; great; large", ["鴽"] = "quail-like bird", ["鴿"] = "pigeon; dove", ["鵀"] = "hoopoe", ["鵁"] = "{{taxlink|Mycticorax prasinosceles|species}}", ["鵂"] = "owl", ["鵑"] = "cuckoo", ["鵓"] = "woodpidgeon", ["鵙"] = "a shrike", ["鵝"] = "goose", ["鵠"] = "swan; white-haired", ["鵩"] = "owl", ["鵪"] = "quail", ["鵫"] = "pheasant", ["鵬"] = "peng (large mythical bird)", ["鵯"] = "bird", ["鵰"] = "golden eagle", ["鵲"] = "magpie", ["鵵"] = "{{taxlink|Scops semitorques|species}}", ["鵷"] = "firebird", ["鵻"] = "snipe; turtle-dove", ["鶂"] = "hawk", ["鶇"] = "thrush; {{taxlink|Tardus fuscatus|species}}", ["鶉"] = "quail", ["鶊"] = "oriole", ["鶖"] = "crane", ["鶚"] = "fish eagle; fish hawk; osprey", ["鶡"] = "crossbill; long-tailed pheasant", ["鶦"] = "pelican", ["鶩"] = "tame duck", ["鶬"] = "oriole", ["鶯"] = "oriole", ["鶱"] = "soar", ["鶲"] = "Siberian flycatcher", ["鶴"] = "crane", ["鶵"] = "chick; young bird", ["鶸"] = "siskin", ["鶻"] = "falcon; migratory bird", ["鶼"] = "mythical bird with one eye and one wing", ["鶿"] = "cormorant", ["鷁"] = "fishhawk bow or prow", ["鷂"] = "sparrow hawk; ''[[Accipiter nisus]]''", ["鷃"] = "quail-like bird", ["鷇"] = "fledglings", ["鷊"] = "pheasant", ["鷏"] = "bird name", ["鷕"] = "cry of hen pheasant", ["鷖"] = "widgeon", ["鷗"] = "common gull", ["鷙"] = "birds of prey", ["鷟"] = "phoenix; river gull", ["鷦"] = "eastern wren", ["鷩"] = "{{taxlink|Phasianus pictus|species}}", ["鷭"] = "water-hen; ''[[Gallinula]]''", ["鷲"] = "black eagle; condor; cruel", ["鷳"] = "{{taxlink|Phasianus nycthemerus|species}}", ["鷴"] = "silver pheasant badge worn by civil officials of the 5th grade", ["鷸"] = "[[common snipe]]", ["鷹"] = "eagle; falcon; hawk", ["鷺"] = "heron", ["鷽"] = "{{vern|oriental bullfinch}}", ["鸇"] = "sparrow hawk; swift", ["鸏"] = "tropic bird", ["鸒"] = "{{vern|eastern jackdaw}}", ["鸓"] = "flying squirrel", ["鸕"] = "fishing cormorant", ["鸛"] = "crane; stork", ["鸝"] = "{{vern|Chinese oriole}}", ["鸞"] = "(mythical bird); imperial", ["鹵"] = "crass; halogen; salt; brine", ["鹹"] = "salty", ["鹺"] = "brine; salt", ["鹼"] = "alkali; soda; base (chem.)", ["鹽"] = "salt", ["鹿"] = "deer", ["麀"] = "female deer", ["麂"] = "{{taxlink|Moschus chinensis|species}}", ["麃"] = "to weed", ["麇"] = "hornless deer", ["麈"] = "leader of herd; stag", ["麋"] = "moose; river bank", ["麌"] = "stag; herd", ["麑"] = "fawn", ["麒"] = "male unicorn", ["麓"] = "foot of a hill", ["麗"] = "beautiful; Korea", ["麚"] = "buck; stag", ["麛"] = "fawn; young of animals", ["麝"] = "musk deer", ["麟"] = "female unicorn", ["麤"] = "coarse; rough; rude", ["麥"] = "wheat; barley; oats", ["麩"] = "bran", ["麮"] = "porridge", ["麰"] = "barley", ["麵"] = "flour; noodles", ["麻"] = "(to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp; numb; to bother", ["麼"] = "dimi.", ["麽"] = "(interrog. suff.)", ["麾"] = "signal flag; to signal", ["黃"] = "yellow", ["黈"] = "a yellow colour", ["黌"] = "school", ["黍"] = "[[broomcorn millet]]; [[glutinous millet]]", ["黎"] = "''surname''; black; Lebanon (abbrev.)", ["黏"] = "sticky", ["黑"] = "black; dark; Heilongjiang Province (abbrev.)", ["黓"] = "black", ["黔"] = "Guizhou; black", ["黕"] = "red", ["默"] = "silent; write from memory", ["黛"] = "umber-black dye for painting the eyebrow", ["黜"] = "dismiss; expel", ["黝"] = "black; dark green", ["點"] = "point; dot; (decimal) point; o'clock; (measure word)", ["黟"] = "black and shining ebony", ["黠"] = "''phonetic''; crafty", ["黥"] = "''surname''; tattoo criminals on face", ["黧"] = "yellowish black", ["黨"] = "party; association; club; society", ["黮"] = "black, dark; unclear; private", ["黯"] = "deep black; dark", ["黰"] = "bushy black hair", ["黲"] = "grey black", ["黴"] = "bacteria; fungi; mouldy", ["黶"] = "black spots on body", ["黷"] = "blacken; constantly; to insult", ["黹"] = "embroidery", ["黻"] = "(embroidery)", ["黼"] = "(embroidery)", ["黽"] = "toad", ["黿"] = "{{vern|Cantor's giant softshell turtle}}", ["鼇"] = "huge mythological sea turtle", ["鼉"] = "large water lizard", ["鼎"] = "ancient bronze cauldron; throne; (''Min'') wok", ["鼏"] = "cover of tripod kettle", ["鼐"] = "incense tripod", ["鼒"] = "tripod with a small opening on top", ["鼓"] = "convex; drum; to rouse; to beat", ["鼕"] = "boom (of a drum)", ["鼖"] = "large brass drum", ["鼙"] = "drum carried on horseback", ["鼚"] = "sound of drum", ["鼛"] = "large drum", ["鼠"] = "rat; mouse", ["鼢"] = "(mole)", ["鼪"] = "stoat; weasel", ["鼫"] = "long-tailed marmot", ["鼬"] = "weasel, {{taxlink|Mustela itatis|species}}", ["鼯"] = "{{taxlink|Petaurista leucogenys|species}}", ["鼴"] = "mole", ["鼷"] = "mouse", ["鼻"] = "nose", ["鼽"] = "congested nose", ["鼾"] = "snore", ["齁"] = "snore; thirsty from salty food", ["齆"] = "stuffed nose", ["齈"] = "cold in the head; catarrh of the nose", ["齉"] = "stoppage of the nose; to speak with a nasal twang; snuffling; snuffle (as in nose with a cold)", ["齊"] = "even; neat; identical; ready; to make even; simultaneously; place name", ["齋"] = "a fast; studio", ["齎"] = "send; to present in both hands", ["齏"] = "fragment; spices", ["齒"] = "tooth", ["齔"] = "replace the milk teeth", ["齕"] = "gnaw", ["齗"] = "gums (of the teeth); to dispute", ["齙"] = "projecting teeth", ["齜"] = "projecting teeth", ["齞"] = "to display the teeth", ["齟"] = "irregular; uneven teeth", ["齠"] = "shed the milk teeth; young", ["齡"] = "age; stage of one's life", ["齣"] = "''classifier for plays''; act, stanza", ["齦"] = "gums; gnaw; bite", ["齧"] = "''surname''; gnaw", ["齪"] = "dirty; small-minded", ["齬"] = "irregular teeth", ["齮"] = "''surname''; bite", ["齯"] = "teeth grown in old age", ["齰"] = "to bite", ["齲"] = "decayed teeth; dental caries", ["齵"] = "uneven (teeth)", ["齶"] = "palate", ["龍"] = "dragon; imperial; ''surname''", ["龐"] = "huge; enormous; tremendous", ["龑"] = "high and bright", ["龔"] = "to supply; to respect; to follow; ''surname''", ["龕"] = "niche; shrine", ["龘"] = "the appearance of a dragon walking", ["龜"] = "tortoise; turtle", ["龠"] = "(ancient measure); flute", ["龢"] = "harmonious", ["龤"] = "to harmonize; to accord with; to agree", ["𨭎"] = "seaborgium (Sg)", ["嘢"] = "(''Cantonese'') thing", ["鐧"] = "ancient weapon like a long solid metal truncheon; type of rapier", ["嗰"] = "(''Cantonese'') that", ["覲"] = "to have an audience with the Emperor", ["淑"] = "good; pure; virtuous; charming", ["軲"] = "wheel; to roll", ["𨅝"] = "(''Cantonese'') to kick; to tread on; to depart", ["椰"] = "coconut", ["閪"] = "(''Cantonese'') vagina", ["𨳊"] = "(''Cantonese'') penis", ["噏"] = "(''Cantonese'') to babble", ["麴"] = "yeast; alcoholic beverage", ["訌"] = "quarrel", ["煦"] = "warm; gentle; kind", ["蝸"] = "land snail", ["䴉"] = "ibis", ["藩"] = "fence; screen; vassal", ["擀"] = "to roll flat with a rod", ["癔"] = "hysteria", ["淆"] = "to mix; to confuse", ["爿"] = "piece; side", ["骶"] = "sacrum", ["聒"] = "to grate on one's ears", ["哋"] = "(''Cantonese'') plural particle", ["啲"] = "(''Cantonese'') a few; some; those", ["橇"] = "sledge", ["苷"] = "glycoside", ["嚟"] = "(''Cantonese'') to come", ["攞"] = "(''Cantonese'') to take; to get", ["鮃"] = "[[Bothidae]]", ["櫼"] = "wood wedge; thin wooden stick", ["㞎"] = "(''childish'') feces", ["芎"] = "[[Szechuan lovage]] (''{{ll|mul|Ligusticum striatum}}'')", ["柊"] = "[[holly osmanthus]]", ["戕"] = "to kill", ["腈"] = "nitrile", ["謔"] = "to joke", ["腩"] = "belly flesh", ["鐐"] = "fetters", ["碸"] = "sulfone", ["焗"] = "to wrap food in gauze", ["䓬"] = "tropylium", ["苄"] = "benzyl", ["蝰"] = "viper", ["粳"] = "Japonica rice", ["槭"] = "maple", ["掬"] = "to hold with both hands", ["蕹"] = "water spinach", ["乸"] = "(''Cantonese'') female", ["囧"] = "(''slang'') shocked; surprised; embarrassed; awkward", ["幺"] = "tiny; youngest; one; ace", ["喺"] = "(''Cantonese'') be ...-ing; in, at, within; to be (located)", ["璉"] = "vessel for holding grain offerings", ["倓"] = "quiet; peaceful", ["嶸"] = "''phonetic''", ["岢"] = "high; tall", ["𦧺"] = "(''Cantonese'') to lick", ["糍"] = "glutinous rice ball", ["瞓"] = "(''Cantonese'') to sleep", ["㑚"] = "(''Wu'') you", } export.nonlemma = "蜘蜉膃肭螵枇杷尷疙瘩虼鴯蟑蜋螂氆氌氍毹芪鮟鱇糬蝙遢垃圾蕁蟥蛞蝓螅蟋蛐栴蜢蚱蚯蜒蚰茼荸葧蚣仃苤冏仉餛飩琵琶邯鄲邡跎闆蝤蜾蠃鞦韆荔澎罳鷥蝴蛺螃茉莉嘧噶伽迦邂逅璃袈裟琉毾萄崁橄菠檎檳猞猁獁僳嫦苜蓿姮囫圇忐忑旖旎匍匐鸚鵡鵜鶘鳲鴛鴦鷓鴣鶺鸑鸂鶒鵒舴艋舢舨琺拮据荽蓯芙妯娌嬡獬廌醍醐骯臢萸剞劂齷碡茯菡萏菝葜菪硨磲佧岢嵋狁薐靆嗦磟猢猻鷯鶗騠倥顢彷徨徘徊徜徉彿玲氤樨蜴蠑螈蓇葖鷫鷞靂蝌蚪嶸鷾鶹蕷犰狳侏坷揶顬玕逍鱺鋃吽蠊餺躊蠐蛉蝃褳饅魍魎" return export sxcqb8ypw1fbglcdi01bd3mzf8u4bdw 7240572 7240451 2026-07-05T22:46:23Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240572 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --From CEDICT with significant adaptations, originally licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License. export.glosses = { ["一"] = "ᡝᠮᡠ", -- ["丁"] = "", ["七"] = "", ["丈"] = "ᠵᡠᡩᠠ", -- ["三"] = "ᡳᠯᠠᠨ", -- ["上"] = "ᡩᡝᠯᡝ", -- ["下"] = "ᡶᡝᠵᡳᠯᡝ", -- ["丌"] = "", ["不"] = "ᠠᡴᡡ", -- ["丏"] = "", ["丐"] = "ᡤᡳᠣᡥᠠᠮᡝ ᠪᠠᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["丑"] = "", ["且"] = "ᡝᠴᡳ", -- ["丕"] = "", ["世"] = "ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ", -- ["丘"] = "ᠮᡠᡥᡠ", -- ["丙"] = "", ["丞"] = "ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᡴᡡ", -- ["丟"] = "ᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["並"] = "ᡤᡝᠯᡳ", -- ["丫"] = "", ["中"] = "ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠ", -- ["丮"] = "", ["丰"] = "ᡨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["丱"] = "", ["串"] = "ᡠᠯᠴᡳᠨ", -- ["丳"] = "", ["丸"] = "", ["丹"] = "ᠸᡝᡥᡝ ᠴᡳᠨᡠᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["主"] = "ᡝᠵᡝᠨ", -- ["丼"] = "", ["乂"] = "", ["乃"] = "ᠣᠴᡳ", -- ["久"] = "ᡤᠣᡳᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["乇"] = "", ["么"] = "", ["之"] = "ᠨᡳ", -- ["乍"] = "ᡧᡠᡵᡠ", -- ["乎"] = "ᠰᡝᠮᡝᠣ", -- ["乏"] = "ᡧᠠᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["乒"] = "", ["乓"] = "", ["乖"] = "", ["乘"] = "ᠶᠠᠯᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["乙"] = "", ["乜"] = "", ["九"] = "ᡠᠶᡠᠨ", -- ["乞"] = "ᠪᠠᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["也"] = "ᡳᠨᡠ", -- ["乩"] = "ᠯᡠᠸᡝᠨ ᡨᡠᠸᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["乳"] = "ᡥᡠᡥᡠᠨ", -- ["乾"] = "ᠣᠯᡥᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["乿"] = "", ["亂"] = "ᡶᠠᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["亃"] = "", ["亄"] = "", ["了"] = "ᡤᡝᠨᡬᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["予"] = "", ["事"] = "ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ", -- ["二"] = "ᠵᡠᠸᡝ", -- ["亍"] = "", ["于"] = "", ["云"] = "ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["互"] = "ᡳᠰᡥᡠᠨᡩᡝ", -- ["亓"] = "", ["五"] = "ᠰᡠᠨᠵᠠ", -- ["井"] = "ᡥᡡᠴᡳᠨ", -- ["亙"] = "ᡥᡝᡨᡠ", -- ["些"] = "ᡥᡝᠨᡳ", -- ["亞"] = "ᡝᠪᡝᡵᡳ", -- ["亟"] = "", ["亡"] = "ᠪᡠᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["亢"] = "", ["交"] = "ᠠᡶᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["亥"] = "ᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ", -- ["亦"] = "ᡳᠨᡠ", -- ["亨"] = "", ["享"] = "ᠰᡠᡴᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["京"] = "ᡤᡝᠮᡠᠨ", -- ["亭"] = "ᡨᡳᠩᠰᡝ", -- ["亮"] = "ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["亳"] = "", ["亶"] = "", ["亹"] = "", ["人"] = "ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ", -- ["什"] = "", ["仁"] = "ᡤᠣᠰᡳᠨ", -- ["仂"] = "", ["仄"] = "ᡝᡧᡝᠨᡬᡝ", -- ["仆"] = "ᡤᡝᡵᡳ ᡤᠣᡳᡥᠠ", -- ["仇"] = "ᠪᠠᡨᠠ", -- ["仈"] = "", ["今"] = "ᡨᡝ", -- ["介"] = "ᡥᡳᠴᠠᠨ", -- ["仍"] = "ᡴᡝᠮᡠᠨᡳ", -- ["仔"] = "ᡴᡳᠮᠴᡳᡴᡡ", -- ["仕"] = "", ["他"] = "ᡨᡝᡵᡝ", -- ["仗"] = "ᠠᡶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["付"] = "", ["仙"] = "ᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡳᠨ", -- ["仚"] = "ᡩᡝᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["仝"] = "ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳ", -- ["仞"] = "ᠵᡝᡵᡠᠨ", -- ["仟"] = "", ["仡"] = "", ["代"] = "ᡶᡠᠨᡩᡝ", -- ["令"] = "ᠰᡝᠯᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["以"] = "ᡝᡵᡝᠨᡳ", -- ["仨"] = "ᡳᠯᠠᠨᠣᡶᡳ", -- ["仰"] = "ᠣᠨᠴᠣᡥᠣᠨ", -- ["仲"] = "ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠ", -- ["仳"] = "", ["仵"] = "", ["件"] = "ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ", -- ["任"] = "ᡨᡠᡧᠠᠨ", -- ["份"] = "ᡠᠪᡠ", -- ["仿"] = "ᠠᠯᡥᡡᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伀"] = "", ["企"] = "ᡝᠨᠴᡝᡥᡝᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伈"] = "", ["伉"] = "ᡝᡳᡤᡝᠨ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ", -- ["伊"] = "ᡨᡝᡵᡝ", -- ["伋"] = "", ["伍"] = "ᡴᡠᡵᡝᠨ", -- ["伎"] = "ᡩᡝᠮᡠᠨ", -- ["伏"] = "ᡠᠩᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伐"] = "ᠰᠠᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["休"] = "ᡝᡵᡤᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伕"] = "", ["伙"] = "ᡥᠣᡴᡳ", -- ["伝"] = "ᡶᡳᠰᡝᠮᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伢"] = "", ["伯"] = "ᠪᡝ", -- ["估"] = "ᠰᡳᠰᡝᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伴"] = "ᡤᡠᠴᡠ", -- ["伶"] = "ᡤᡝᠨᡬᡝ ᡤᠠᠨᡬᠠ", -- ["伸"] = "ᠰᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伺"] = "ᡝᡵᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伻"] = "", ["似"] = "ᡤᡝᠰᡝ", -- ["伾"] = "", ["佃"] = "ᡠᠰᡳᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡨᡠᡵᡳᡥᡝ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ", -- ["但"] = "ᡩᠠᠮᡠ", -- ["佇"] = "", ["佈"] = "", ["佉"] = "", ["佌"] = "", ["位"] = "ᠣᡵᠣᠨ", -- ["低"] = "ᡶᠠᠩᡴᠠᠯᠠ", -- ["住"] = "ᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佐"] = "ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佑"] = "ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佔"] = "ᡝᠵᡝᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["何"] = "", ["佗"] = "", ["佘"] = "", ["余"] = "ᡶᡠᠨᠴᡝᠨ", -- ["佚"] = "ᠵᡳᡵᡤᠠᠴᡠᠨ ᡝᡵᡤᡝᠴᡠᠨ", -- ["佛"] = "ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ", -- ["作"] = "ᠸᡝᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佝"] = "", ["佞"] = "ᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᡳᠩᡤᡡ", -- ["佟"] = "", ["你"] = "ᠰᡳ", -- ["佡"] = "", ["佢"] = "", ["佣"] = "", ["佤"] = "", ["佩"] = "ᠠᠰᡥᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佪"] = "", ["佫"] = "", ["佬"] = "", ["佯"] = "ᡩᡝᠮᡠᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佰"] = "", ["佳"] = "ᡥᠣᠵᠣ ᡤᡝᡤᡝ", -- ["佴"] = "", ["併"] = "ᠰᡠᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佶"] = "", ["佷"] = "", ["佸"] = "", ["佹"] = "", ["佺"] = "", ["佻"] = "ᠣᡳᠯᠣᡥᠣᡩᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佼"] = "", ["佽"] = "", ["佾"] = "", ["使"] = "ᠣᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侀"] = "", ["侁"] = "", ["侂"] = "", ["侃"] = "", ["侄"] = "", ["侅"] = "", ["來"] = "ᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侇"] = "", ["侈"] = "ᠮᠠᠮᡤᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["例"] = "ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ", -- ["侍"] = "ᡠᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侐"] = "", ["侑"] = "", ["侔"] = "", ["侖"] = "", ["侗"] = "ᡝᡳᡥᡠᠨ ᠮᡝᠨᡝᠨ", -- ["侘"] = "", ["侚"] = "", ["供"] = "ᠸᡝᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侜"] = "", ["依"] = "ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侮"] = "ᡤᡳᡵᡠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侯"] = "ᡥᡝᠣ", -- ["侵"] = "ᠨᡝᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侶"] = "ᠨᡝᡴᡠ", -- ["侷"] = "ᡶᡠᡴᠵᡳᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["便"] = "ᡳᠯᡩᡠᠨ", -- ["俁"] = "", ["係"] = "ᡠᠮᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["促"] = "ᡥᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["俄"] = "ᠣᡵᠣᠰ", -- ["俅"] = "", ["俊"] = "ᠶᡝᠪᡴᡝᠨ", -- ["俎"] = "", ["俏"] = "ᡥᠣᠵᠣ", -- ["俐"] = "ᠰᡠᡵᡝ", -- ["俑"] = "ᡠᡵᡤᡝᡨᡠ", -- ["俓"] = "", ["俔"] = "", ["俗"] = "ᠰᡝᠰᡥᡝᡵᡳ", -- ["俘"] = "ᠣᠯᠵᡳ", -- ["俚"] = "ᠠᠯᠪᠠᡨᡠ", -- ["俛"] = "", ["俜"] = "", ["保"] = "ᡴᠠᡵᠮᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["俞"] = "", ["俟"] = "ᡥᡝᠰᡝᠪᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["俠"] = "ᡶᠠᡵᡧᠠᡨᠠᡳ", -- ["信"] = "ᠵᠠᠰᡳᡤᠠᠨ", -- ["修"] = "ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["俯"] = "ᠮᡝᡥᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["俱"] = "ᡤᡝᠮᡠ", -- ["俳"] = "ᠵᡠᠴᡠᠯᡝᠰᡳ", -- ["俴"] = "", ["俵"] = "ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["俶"] = "", ["俸"] = "ᡶᡠᠩᠯᡠ", -- ["俺"] = "", ["俾"] = "ᠸᡝᠰᡳᠮᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倀"] = "", ["倅"] = "", ["倆"] = "", ["倉"] = "ᠴᠠᠯᡠ", -- ["個"] = "ᡶᠠᠯᡳ", -- ["倌"] = "", ["倍"] = "ᠵᡠᡵᠰᡠᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倏"] = "ᡥᠣᠯᡴᠣᠨᡩᡝ", -- ["們"] = "ᠰᡝ", -- ["倒"] = "ᡨᡠᡥᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倔"] = "ᠮᡠᡴᠵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倖"] = "ᠵᠠᠪᡧᠠᠨ", -- ["倘"] = "ᠠᡳᡴᠠᠪᠠᡩᡝ", -- ["薇"] = "ᡩᡝᡶᡝᡵᡝ", -- ["候"] = "ᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倚"] = "ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倜"] = "", ["借"] = "ᠵᡠᠸᡝᠨ", -- ["倡"] = "ᡨᡠᡵᡠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倢"] = "", ["倣"] = "", ["倦"] = "ᠴᡠᡴᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倨"] = "ᡴᠠᠩᡨᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倩"] = "", ["倪"] = "", ["倫"] = "ᠴᡳᡴᡨᠠᠨ", -- ["倬"] = "", ["倭"] = "ᠣᠣᡯᡝ", -- ["值"] = "ᡨᡝᡳᠰᡠᠯᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["偁"] = "", ["偃"] = "ᡩᡝᡩᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["假"] = "ᡥᠣᠯᠣ", -- ["偈"] = "", ["偉"] = "ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠯᡳᠩᡤᡡ", -- ["偌"] = "", ["偎"] = "ᠯᠠᡨᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["偏"] = "ᡠᡵᡥᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["偓"] = "", ["偕"] = "", ["做"] = "ᠸᡝᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["停"] = "ᠨᠠᡴᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["偝"] = "", ["偟"] = "", ["偢"] = "", ["健"] = "ᡤᡠᡳᡤᡠ", -- ["偨"] = "", ["偩"] = "", ["偪"] = "", ["偫"] = "", ["偭"] = "", ["偯"] = "", ["偲"] = "", ["側"] = "ᡩᠠᠯᠪᠠ", -- ["偵"] = "ᠮᡝᠵᡳᡤᡝᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["偶"] = "ᠵᡠᡵᡠ", -- ["偷"] = "ᡥᡡᠯᡥᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["偽"] = "ᡥᠣᠯᠣ", -- ["傀"] = "", ["傅"] = "ᠰᡝᡶᡠ", -- ["傌"] = "ᡨᠣᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["傍"] = "ᡶᠠᡴᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["傎"] = "", ["傑"] = "ᡴᡳᠶᠠᠩᡴᡳᠶᠠᠨ", -- ["傒"] = "", ["傔"] = "", ["傖"] = "ᠮᡝᠨᡝᠨ ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ", -- ["傘"] = "ᠰᠠᡵᠠ", -- ["備"] = "ᠪᡝᠯᡥᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["傚"] = "ᠠᠯᡥᡡᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["傜"] = "", ["傞"] = "", ["傢"] = "", ["傣"] = "", ["催"] = "ᠪᠣᡧᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["傭"] = "ᡨᡠᡵᡳᡥᡝ ᡥᡡᠰᡠᠨ", -- ["傮"] = "", ["傯"] = "", ["傲"] = "ᠴᠣᡴᡨᠣ", -- ["傳"] = "ᡠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ᠈ ᡴᠠ", -- ["傴"] = "ᠮᡝᡥᡠᠮᡝ ᡤᡠᡤᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["債"] = "ᡠᠰᡝᠨ", -- ["傷"] = "ᡴᠣᡵᠣ", -- ["傺"] = "", ["傻"] = "ᠮᡝᠨᡝᡥᡠᠨ", -- ["傾"] = "ᡠᠩᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["傿"] = "", ["僂"] = "ᡥᡠᠨᡩᡠ", -- ["僄"] = "", ["僅"] = "ᠠᡵᡴᠠᠨ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["僇"] = "", ["僉"] = "", ["僊"] = "", ["僎"] = "", ["像"] = "ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳ", -- ["僑"] = "ᡨᠠᡴᠠ ᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["僕"] = "ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠵᠠᠨ", -- ["僖"] = "ᠣᠯᡥᠣᡧᠣᠨ", -- ["僚"] = "ᡤᡝᠰᡝ ᡥᠠᡶᠠᠨ", -- ["僝"] = "", ["僣"] = "", ["僤"] = "", ["僥"] = "ᠵᠠᠪᡧᠠᠨ", -- ["僦"] = "", ["僧"] = "ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠᠨ", -- ["僨"] = "ᡝᡶᡠᠵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["僩"] = "", ["僬"] = "", ["僭"] = "ᡩᠠᠪᠠᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["僮"] = "ᡨᠠᡴᡡᡵᡧᠠᡵᠠ ᠵᡠᡳ", -- ["僯"] = "", ["僰"] = "", ["僱"] = "ᡨᡠᡵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["僵"] = "ᠰᠠᡵᠪᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ", -- ["價"] = "ᡥᡡᡩᠠ", -- ["僻"] = "ᡴᠣᠴᠣ ᠸᠠᡳ", -- ["僾"] = "", ["僿"] = "", ["儀"] = "ᠶᠣᠩᠰᡠ", -- ["儂"] = "", ["億"] = "ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ", -- ["儅"] = "", ["儆"] = "ᡠᠯᡥᡳᠴᡠᡴᡝ", -- ["儇"] = "ᡩᡝᡩᡝᠩᡤᡳ", -- ["儈"] = "ᡥᡡᡩᠠ ᠮᠠᡳᠮᠠᠨ ᡳ ᡠᡵᠰᡝ", -- ["儉"] = "ᠮᠠᠯᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["儊"] = "", ["儋"] = "", ["儌"] = "", ["儐"] = "", ["儒"] = "ᠪᠠᡴᠰᡳ", -- ["儓"] = "", ["儔"] = "", ["儕"] = "", ["儗"] = "", ["儘"] = "ᠠᡴᡡᠮᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["儜"] = "", ["償"] = "ᡨᠣᠣᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["儡"] = "", ["儤"] = "", ["儦"] = "", ["儩"] = "", ["優"] = "ᡶᡠᠯᡠ", -- ["儭"] = "", ["儱"] = "", ["儲"] = "ᠪᡝᠯᡥᡝᠨ", -- ["儳"] = "", ["儵"] = "", ["儷"] = "ᡝᡳᡤᡝᠨ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ", -- ["儸"] = "", ["儹"] = "", ["儺"] = "ᡶᡠᡩᡝᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["儻"] = "", ["儼"] = "", ["儽"] = "", ["兀"] = "ᠴᠣᠪ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["允"] = "ᠠᠴᠠᠨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["元"] = "ᡳᡴᡝᠨᡬᡝ", -- ["兄"] = "ᠠᡤᡝ", -- ["充"] = "ᠴᡳᠩᡴᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["兆"] = "ᡨᠣᡩᠣᠯᠣ", -- ["兇"] = "ᡩᠣᡴᠰᡳᠨ", -- ["先"] = "ᠨᡝᠨᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["光"] = "ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨ", -- ["克"] = "ᡝᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["兌"] = "ᡥᡡᠯᠠᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["免"] = "ᡤᡠᠸᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["兒"] = "ᠵᡠᠰᡝ", -- ["兔"] = "ᠮᠠᠮᡠᡴᡝ", -- ["兕"] = "ᡴᡠᡵᡳᠩᡤᡝ ᡳᡥᠠᠰᡳ", -- ["兗"] = "", ["党"] = "ᡥᠣᡴᡳ", -- ["兜"] = "ᡩᡝᡵᡩᡠ", -- ["兝"] = "", ["兞"] = "", ["兟"] = "", ["兢"] = "ᡴᡳᠴᡝᠪᡝ", -- ["入"] = "ᡩᠣᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["內"] = "ᡩᠣᠯᠣ", -- ["全"] = "ᡤᡠᠪᠴᡳ", -- ["兩"] = "ᠵᡠᠸᡝ", -- ["八"] = "", ["公"] = "ᡤᡠᠩ", -- ["六"] = "ᠨᡳᠨᡬᡠᠨ", -- ["兮"] = "", ["共"] = "ᡠᡥᡝᡳ", -- ["兵"] = "ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠ", -- ["其"] = "ᡨᡝᡩᡝ", -- ["具"] = "", ["典"] = "ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ᠴᠠᡤᠠᠨ", -- ["兼"] = "ᡴᠠᠮᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["冀"] = "ᠰᠠᠨᡬᡡᡧᠠᠮᡝ ᡤᡡᠨᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["冇"] = "", ["冉"] = "ᡝᠯᡥᡝ ᠠᠯᡥᠠᡳ", -- ["冊"] = "ᡩᡝᠪᡨᡝᠯᡳᠨ", -- ["再"] = "ᠵᠠᡳ", -- ["冑"] = "", ["冒"] = "ᡶᠠᡵᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["冓"] = "", ["冔"] = "ᡝᠯᠪᡝᡨᡠ", -- ["冕"] = "ᠮᠠᡥᠠᡨᡠ", -- ["冗"] = "ᡥᡝᡧᡠ ᡥᠠᡧᡠ", -- ["冘"] = "", ["冞"] = "", ["冠"] = "ᠮᠠᡥᠠᠯᠠ", -- ["冢"] = "ᡝᡳᡶᡠ", -- ["冤"] = "ᠮᡠᡵᡳᠰᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["冥"] = "ᠪᡠᡨᡠ", -- ["冪"] = "", ["冬"] = "ᡨᡠᠸᡝᡵᡳ", -- ["冰"] = "ᠵᡠᡥᡝ", -- ["冱"] = "", ["冶"] = "ᠸᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["冷"] = "ᡧᠠᡥᡡᡵᡠᠨ", -- ["冼"] = "", ["冽"] = "ᠰᡳᠩᡴᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["凄"] = "ᠰᡝᠨᡬᡳᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["凅"] = "", ["准"] = "ᡴᡝᠮᡠᠨ", -- ["凈"] = "ᠪᠣᠯᡤᠣ", -- ["凊"] = "", ["凋"] = "ᠰᡳᡥᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["凌"] = "ᡤᠠᠰᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["凍"] = "ᡤᡝᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["凔"] = "", ["凜"] = "ᠰᡳᠩᡴᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["凝"] = "ᠪᠠᡴᠵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["凞"] = "", ["几"] = "ᡠᡩᡠ", -- ["凡"] = "ᠶᠠᠶᠠ", -- ["凰"] = "ᡤᡝᡵᡠᡩᡝᡳ", -- ["凱"] = "ᡝᡨᡝᡶᡳ ᠮᠠᡵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["凳"] = "ᠮᡠᠯᠠᠨ", -- ["凵"] = "", ["凶"] = "ᡩᠣᡴᠰᡳᠨ", -- ["凸"] = "ᡤᡠᡴᡩᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["凹"] = "", ["出"] = "ᡨᡠᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["函"] = "ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ", -- ["刀"] = "ᡥᡠᠸᡝᠰᡳ", -- ["刁"] = "", ["刃"] = "ᠵᡝᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["分"] = "ᡩᡝᠨᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["切"] = "ᠮᡝᡳᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刈"] = "ᡥᠠᡩᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刊"] = "ᡶᠣᠯᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刎"] = "ᠮᠣᠨᡬᠣᠨ ᡶᠠᡳᡨᠠᠮᡝ ᠪᡠᠴᡝᡥᡝ", -- ["刑"] = "ᡝᡵᡠᠨ", -- ["划"] = "ᠮᡝᠯᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刓"] = "", ["刖"] = "ᡨᠣᠪᡨᡝᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["列"] = "ᡶᠠᡳᡩᠠᠨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刜"] = "", ["初"] = "ᡨᡠᡴᡨᠠᠨ", -- ["刡"] = "", ["判"] = "ᡩᡠᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["別"] = "ᡤᡡᠸᠠ", -- ["刨"] = "ᡶᡝᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["利"] = "ᠠᡳᠰᡳ", -- ["刪"] = "ᠮᡝᡳᡨᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刮"] = "ᡧᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["到"] = "ᡳᠰᡳᠨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刱"] = "", ["刲"] = "", ["刳"] = "ᡴᠣᡵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刵"] = "", ["制"] = "ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ", -- ["刷"] = "ᡥᠠᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["券"] = "ᠪᡝᡴᡩᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡤᠠᡳᡵᡝ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ", -- ["刺"] = "ᠨᡠᡴᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刻"] = "ᡴᡝ", -- ["剁"] = "ᠰᠠᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剃"] = "ᡶᡠᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剄"] = "", ["則"] = "ᠣᠴᡳ", -- ["剉"] = "", ["削"] = "ᡧᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剋"] = "ᡝᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剌"] = "ᠰᡝᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["前"] = "ᠵᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ", -- ["剎"] = "ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᡝᠨ", -- ["剔"] = "ᠨᡳᠶᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剖"] = "ᡶᠠᡥᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剚"] = "", ["剛"] = "ᡤᠠᠨᡬᠠᠨ", -- ["剜"] = "ᡠᡥᡡᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剝"] = "ᡴᠣᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剟"] = "", ["剡"] = "", ["剩"] = "ᡶᡠᠨᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剪"] = "ᡶᠠᡳᡨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剮"] = "", ["副"] = "ᡳᠯᡥᡳ", -- ["割"] = "ᡥᠠᡩᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剴"] = "", ["創"] = "ᡶᡠᡴᠵᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剷"] = "ᠨᡝᡮᡳᡥᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剸"] = "", ["剺"] = "", ["剽"] = "ᡝᡵᡴᡝ", -- ["剿"] = "ᡤᡝᡨᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劁"] = "ᠠᡴᡨᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劃"] = "ᡩᡝᠨᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劄"] = "ᠵᠠᡶᡠ", -- ["劇"] = "ᠵᡠᠴᡠᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劈"] = "ᡴᡳᠶᠠᡵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劉"] = "", ["劊"] = "ᡝᡵᡠᠮᠴᡳ", -- ["劌"] = "", ["劍"] = "", ["劑"] = "ᠵᡝᠮᡳᠨ", -- ["劓"] = "ᠣᡶᠣᡵᠣ ᡶᠠᡳᡨᠠᡵᠠ ᠸᡝᡳᠯᡝ", -- ["劖"] = "", ["劘"] = "", ["劙"] = "", ["力"] = "ᡥᡡᠰᡠᠨ", -- ["功"] = "ᡤᡠᠩᡤᡝ", -- ["加"] = "ᠨᡝᠮᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劣"] = "ᡝᡥᡝ", -- ["助"] = "ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["努"] = "ᡶᠠᡶᡠᡵᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劫"] = "ᡬᠠᠯᠠᠪ", -- ["劬"] = "ᠰᡠᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劭"] = "", ["劻"] = "", ["劼"] = "", ["劾"] = "ᠸᠠᡴᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勁"] = "ᡥᡡᠰᡠᠨ", -- ["勃"] = "ᡶᠣᡨᠣᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勇"] = "ᠪᠠᡨᡠᡵᡠ", -- ["勉"] = "ᡴᡳᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勍"] = "", ["勒"] = "ᠮᡠᡵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["動"] = "ᠠᡧᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勖"] = "", ["勗"] = "", ["勘"] = "ᡩᡠᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["務"] = "", ["勛"] = "ᡤᡠᠩᡤᡝ", -- ["勝"] = "ᡝᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勞"] = "ᠰᡠᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["募"] = "ᡝᠯᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勢"] = "ᡥᠣᡵᠣᠨ", -- ["勣"] = "", ["勤"] = "ᡴᡳᠴᡝᠪᡝ", -- ["勦"] = "ᡤᡝᡨᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勩"] = "", ["勯"] = "", ["勰"] = "", ["勱"] = "", ["勳"] = "ᡤᡠᠩᡤᡝ", -- ["勵"] = "ᡴᡳᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勷"] = "", ["勸"] = "ᡨᠠᡶᡠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勺"] = "ᠰᠠᡳᡶᡳ", -- ["勻"] = "ᠨᡝᡳᡤᡝᠨ", -- ["勾"] = "ᡨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勿"] = "ᡠᠮᡝ", -- ["包"] = "ᡠᡥᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["匆"] = "ᡝᠪᡠᡥᡡ", -- ["匈"] = "", ["匉"] = "", ["匊"] = "", ["匋"] = "", ["匏"] = "", ["匕"] = "", ["化"] = "ᡠᠪᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["北"] = "ᠠᠮᠠᡵᡤᡳ", -- ["匙"] = "ᠰᠠᡳᡶᡳ", -- ["匚"] = "", ["匜"] = "", ["匝"] = "", ["匟"] = "", ["匠"] = "ᡶᠠᡴᠰᡳ", -- ["匡"] = "ᡨᡠᠸᠠᠨᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["匣"] = "ᠰᡳᡨᡥᡝᠨ", -- ["匪"] = "ᡥᡡᠯᡥᠠ", -- ["匭"] = "", ["匯"] = "ᡥᡡᠶᡠᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["匱"] = "ᡝᡴᡳᠶᡝᡥᡠᠨ", -- ["匹"] = "ᡩᡝᡶᡝ", -- ["匽"] = "", ["匾"] = "ᡳᠯᡝᡨᡠᠯᡝᡥᡝᠨ", -- ["匿"] = "ᠰᠣᠮᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["區"] = "ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ", -- ["十"] = "ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ", -- ["千"] = "", ["卄"] = "", ["卅"] = "ᡤᡡᠰᡳᠨ", -- ["升"] = "ᠸᡝᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["午"] = "ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ", -- ["卉"] = "ᠣᡵᡥᠣ", -- ["半"] = "ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠨ", -- ["卌"] = "ᡩᡝᡥᡳ", -- ["卍"] = "", ["卑"] = "ᡶᡠᠰᡳᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["卒"] = "ᠠᡴᡡ ᠣᡥᠣ", -- ["卓"] = "ᠴᠣᠯᡤᠣᡵᠣᡦᡳ", -- ["協"] = "ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["南"] = "ᠵᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ", -- ["博"] = "", ["卜"] = "ᡶᠣᠶᠣᡩᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["卞"] = "", ["占"] = "ᡶᠣᠶᠣᡩᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["卡"] = "ᡴᠠᡵᡠᠨ", -- ["卣"] = "", ["卦"] = "ᠵᡳᠵᡠᡥᠠᠨ", -- ["卬"] = "", ["卮"] = "", ["卯"] = "", ["印"] = "ᡩᠣᡵᠣᠨ", -- ["危"] = "ᡨᡠᡴᠰᡳᠴᡠᡴᡝ", -- ["卲"] = "", ["即"] = "ᡳᠨᡠ", -- ["卵"] = "ᡠᠮᡥᠠᠨ", -- ["卷"] = "ᡶᡝᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["卸"] = "ᡝᠪᡠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["卹"] = "ᡤᠣᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["卻"] = "ᡝᠯᡝᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠ", -- ["卼"] = "", ["卿"] = "ᠰᠠᡳᡨᡠ", -- ["厂"] = "", ["厄"] = "ᠵᠣᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ", -- ["厎"] = "", ["厔"] = "", ["厖"] = "", ["厘"] = "ᠯᡳ", -- ["厙"] = "", ["厚"] = "ᠵᡳᡵᠠᠮᡳᠨ", -- ["厜"] = "", ["厝"] = "", ["原"] = "ᡩᠠ", -- ["厤"] = "ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ", -- ["厥"] = "", ["厭"] = "ᡝᡳᠮᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["厲"] = "ᡝᡵᠰᡠᠨ", -- ["厴"] = "", ["厹"] = "", ["去"] = "ᡤᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["參"] = "", ["叄"] = "", ["又"] = "ᡤᡝᠯᡳ", -- ["叉"] = "ᡧᠠᡴᠠ", -- ["及"] = "ᡳᠰᡳᠨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["友"] = "ᡤᡠᠴᡠ", -- ["反"] = "ᠴᠠᠰᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["叔"] = "ᡝᠴᡳᡴᡝ", -- ["取"] = "ᡤᠠᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["受"] = "ᠠᠯᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["叛"] = "ᡶᡠᡩᠠᠰᡳ", -- ["叟"] = "ᠠᡤᡠ", -- ["叡"] = "ᠰᡠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["叢"] = "ᡶᡠᠯᡩᡠᠨ", -- ["口"] = "ᠠᠩᡤᠠ", -- ["古"] = "ᠵᡠᠯᡤᡝ", -- ["句"] = "ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ", -- ["另"] = "ᡝᠨᠴᡠ", -- ["叨"] = "ᡩᠠᠯᡥᡳ", -- ["叩"] = "ᡨᠣᡴᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["只"] = "ᡨᡝᡳᠯᡝ", -- ["叫"] = "ᡥᡡᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["召"] = "ᡳᠰᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["叭"] = "ᡴᠠᠪ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["叮"] = "ᡧᡠᡶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["可"] = "ᠠᡳᠨᡳ", -- ["台"] = "ᡴᠠᡵᠠᠨ", -- ["叱"] = "ᡝᠰᡠᠨᡬᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["史"] = "ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ", -- ["右"] = "ᡳᠴᡳ", -- ["叵"] = "", ["司"] = "ᡶᡳᠶᡝᠨᡨᡝᠨ", -- ["叻"] = "", ["叼"] = "ᠠᡧᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吁"] = "ᡩᡝᠰᡠᠩᡤᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吃"] = "ᠵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["各"] = "ᡨᠣᠮᡝ", -- ["吆"] = "ᠰᡠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["合"] = "ᠠᠴᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吉"] = "ᠰᠠᠪᡳ", -- ["吊"] = "ᡳᠠᡴᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吋"] = "", ["同"] = "ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳ", -- ["名"] = "ᡤᡝᠪᡠ", -- ["后"] = "", ["吏"] = "ᠸᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ", -- ["吐"] = "ᠵᡠᡵᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["向"] = "ᡨᡝᡳᠰᡠ", -- ["吒"] = "ᡝᠰᡠᡴᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["君"] = "ᡥᠠᠨ", -- ["吝"] = "ᠵᡳᠪᡤᡝ", -- ["吞"] = "ᠨᡠᠩᡤᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吟"] = "ᡤᡳᠩᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吠"] = "ᡴᡝᡵᡴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["否"] = "ᠸᠠᡴᠠ", -- ["吧"] = "ᠪᠠᡳ", -- ["吩"] = "", ["吪"] = "", ["含"] = "ᠠᡧᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吭"] = "ᠪᡳᠯᡥᠠ", -- ["吮"] = "ᡠᠰᡳᡥᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吰"] = "", ["吱"] = "ᡴᡳᡴᡡᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吳"] = "", ["吵"] = "ᠪᡝᠴᡝᠨ", -- ["吶"] = "ᡤᠠᡳ", -- ["吸"] = "ᡤᠣᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吹"] = "ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吻"] = "ᠣᠵᠣᠮᡤᡳ", -- ["吼"] = "ᡤᡠᠸᡝᠨᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吾"] = "ᠪᡳ", -- ["呀"] = "", ["呂"] = "ᡝᠯᡳᠣᡳ", -- ["呃"] = "", ["呆"] = "ᠪᡝᠯᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["呇"] = "", ["呈"] = "ᠠᠯᡳᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["告"] = "ᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["呎"] = "", ["呏"] = "", ["呠"] = "", ["呡"] = "", ["呢"] = "ᠨᡳ", -- ["呤"] = "", ["呦"] = "", ["呧"] = "", ["周"] = "ᠪᠠᡵᡠᠨ", -- ["呫"] = "", ["呬"] = "", ["呱"] = "ᡤᠠᡵ ᡤᠠᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["味"] = "ᠠᠮᡨᠠᠨ", -- ["呴"] = "", ["呵"] = "ᡴᡝ", -- ["呶"] = "", ["呷"] = "ᡠᠰᡳᡥᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["呸"] = "ᡦᡝᡳ", -- ["呺"] = "", ["呻"] = "ᠨᡳᡩᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["呼"] = "ᡥᡡᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["命"] = "ᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ", -- ["呿"] = "", ["咀"] = "ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠨᡬᡡᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咁"] = "", ["咂"] = "ᡤᠣᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ᠈ ᡴᠠ", -- ["咄"] = "ᡝᠰᡠᡴᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咆"] = "ᠮᡠᠮᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咇"] = "", ["咈"] = "", ["咋"] = "", ["和"] = "ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠰᡠᠨ", -- ["咍"] = "", ["咎"] = "ᠵᠠᠪᠴᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咐"] = "ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咑"] = "", ["咒"] = "ᡶᡳᡵᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咕"] = "ᠵᠣᠩ ᠵᠣᠩ", -- ["咖"] = "", ["咚"] = "ᡴᡠᡨᡠᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["咠"] = "", ["咡"] = "", ["咢"] = "", ["咥"] = "", ["咦"] = "ᡝᡳ", -- ["咧"] = "ᡤᠠᡴᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咨"] = "ᡥᡝᠪᡩᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咩"] = "", ["咪"] = "", ["咫"] = "", ["咬"] = "ᠰᠠᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咮"] = "", ["咯"] = "ᡴᠠᡴᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咱"] = "ᠮᡠᠰᡝ", -- ["咳"] = "ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咷"] = "", ["咸"] = "ᠶᠣᠣᠨᡳ", -- ["咺"] = "", ["咻"] = "", ["咼"] = "", ["咽"] = "ᠨᡠᠩᡤᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咾"] = "", ["咿"] = "ᠵᡠᠵᡠ ᠵᠠᠵᠠ", -- ["哀"] = "ᡤᠣᠰᡳᡥᠣᠯᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["品"] = "ᠶᠠᠪᡠᠨ", -- ["哂"] = "", ["哄"] = "ᡥᠣᠯᡨᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["哆"] = "ᡧᡠᡵᡤᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["哇"] = "", ["哈"] = "", ["哉"] = "ᠰᡝᠮᡝᠣ", -- ["哎"] = "ᡝ", -- ["哞"] = "", ["員"] = "", ["哢"] = "", ["哤"] = "", ["哥"] = "ᠠᡤᡝ", -- ["哦"] = "ᠣ", -- ["哨"] = "ᡴᠠᡵᡠᠨ", -- ["哩"] = "", ["哪"] = "ᠶᠠ", -- ["哫"] = "", ["哭"] = "ᠰᠣᠨᡬᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["哮"] = "ᡥᡳᠶᠠᡥᡡ", -- ["哲"] = "ᠰᡠᠯᡨᡠᠩᡤᠠ", -- ["哺"] = "ᠠᡧᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["哼"] = "ᡤᡳᠩᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["哽"] = "ᠮᡠᠵᡳᡶᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["哿"] = "", ["唁"] = "ᠰᡳᠨᠠᡤᠠᠨ ᡳ ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ ᡩᡝ ᠠᠴᠠᠨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["唄"] = "", ["唅"] = "", ["唆"] = "ᡧᡠᠰᡳᡥᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["唇"] = "ᡶᡝᠮᡝᠨ", -- ["唈"] = "", ["唉"] = "ᡝᡳ", -- ["唎"] = "", ["唏"] = "", ["唐"] = "ᡨᠠᠩ", -- ["唑"] = "", ["唔"] = "", ["唚"] = "", ["唧"] = "ᠴᠠᠰ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["唪"] = "", ["唬"] = "ᡤᡝᠯᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["售"] = "ᡠᠨᠴᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["唯"] = "ᡨᡝᡳᠯᡝ", -- ["唱"] = "ᡠᠴᡠᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["唲"] = "", ["唳"] = "ᡤᡠᠸᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["唵"] = "", ["唶"] = "", ["唷"] = "ᠠᡴᡝ", -- ["唸"] = "ᠨᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["唹"] = "", ["唾"] = "ᠴᡳᡶᡝᠩᡤᡠ", -- ["啀"] = "", ["啁"] = "ᠵᡳᠵᡳ ᠵᠠᠵᠠ", -- ["啃"] = "ᡤᡝᡩᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["啄"] = "ᠴᠣᠩᡴᡳᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["商"] = "ᡥᡡᡩᠠ", -- ["啊"] = "ᡩᡝᡵᡝ", -- ["啍"] = "", ["啎"] = "", ["問"] = "ᡶᠣᠨᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["啐"] = "ᡦᡝᡳ", -- ["啕"] = "ᠠᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["啖"] = "ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡡᠮᡝ ᠨᡠᠩᡤᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["啗"] = "", ["啜"] = "ᡠᡴᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["啞"] = "ᡥᡝᠯᡝ", -- ["啟"] = "", ["啡"] = "", ["啢"] = "", ["啣"] = "ᠯᡠᡥᡝᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["啤"] = "", ["啥"] = "", ["啦"] = "", ["啪"] = "ᡦᡝᠰ", -- ["啶"] = "", ["啻"] = "ᡝᠪᡝᡵᡳ ᠠᡴᡡ", -- ["啼"] = "ᡤᡠᠸᡝᠨᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["啽"] = "", ["啾"] = "ᠵᠣᡵᡤᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喀"] = "ᡴᡝᠰ", -- ["喁"] = "", ["喂"] = "ᡝᡳ", -- ["喃"] = "ᡤᠣᠵᠣᠩ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["善"] = "ᠰᠠᡳᠨ", -- ["喇"] = "ᠯᠠᠮᠠ", -- ["喈"] = "ᡤᡡᠯᡳ ᡤᠠᠯᡳ", -- ["喉"] = "ᠪᡳᠯᡥᠠ", -- ["喊"] = "ᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喋"] = "ᠶᡝᠶᡝᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喌"] = "", ["喎"] = "", ["喏"] = "", ["喑"] = "", ["喒"] = "", ["喓"] = "", ["喔"] = "ᠣ", -- ["喘"] = "ᡥᡝᠪᡨᡝᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喙"] = "ᡝᠨᡬᡝ", -- ["喚"] = "ᡤᡝᡨᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喜"] = "ᡠᡵᡤᡠᠨ", -- ["喝"] = "ᠣᠮᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喟"] = "", ["喣"] = "", ["喤"] = "ᡨᡠᠩ ᡨᠠᠩ ᠰᡝᡵᡝ ᠵᡳᠯᡤᠠᠨ", -- ["喥"] = "", ["喦"] = "", ["喧"] = "ᠴᡠᡵᡤᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喨"] = "", ["喪"] = "ᠰᡳᠨᠠᡤᠠᠨ", -- ["喫"] = "ᠵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喬"] = "ᠪᡠᡵᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["喭"] = "", ["單"] = "ᡝᠮᡨᡝᠯᡳ", -- ["喱"] = "", ["喲"] = "ᠠᡴᡝ", -- ["喳"] = "ᠵᠠᡵ ᠵᡳᡵ", -- ["喵"] = "", ["喻"] = "", ["喿"] = "", ["嗀"] = "", ["嗃"] = "", ["嗄"] = "", ["嗅"] = "ᠸᠠᠩᡴᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗆"] = "ᠰᡝᠩᠰᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗇"] = "ᠵᡳᠪᡤᡝ", -- ["嗈"] = "", ["嗉"] = "", ["嗊"] = "", ["嗎"] = "ᠨᡳᠣ", -- ["嗐"] = "", ["嗑"] = "ᡴᠠᠵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗒"] = "", ["嗓"] = "ᠪᡳᠯᡥᠠ", -- ["嗔"] = "ᡠᠰᡥᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗙"] = "", ["嗚"] = "ᠰᠣᡴᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗛"] = "", ["嗜"] = "ᠴᡳᡥᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗝"] = "ᡴᡝᡴᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗟"] = "ᠴᡳᠪᠰᡳᠮᡝ ᠨᠠᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗡"] = "ᠶᠠᠩ ᡳᠩ ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗣"] = "ᡝᠨᡝᠨ", -- ["嗤"] = "ᠰᡠᡴ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["嗥"] = "ᠯᠣᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗨"] = "", ["嗯"] = "ᡝᠨ", -- ["嗶"] = "ᠨᡠᠨᡬᠠᠰᡠᠨ ᠰᡠᠵᡝ", -- ["嗷"] = "ᡤᠠᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["嗹"] = "", ["嗽"] = "ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗾"] = "ᠴᡠᡴᡠᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗿"] = "", ["嘀"] = "ᠵᡳᠩᠵᡳᠩ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠠᠩ", -- ["嘁"] = "ᡧᡠᡧᡠ ᡧᠠᡧᠠ", -- ["嘂"] = "", ["嘆"] = "ᠴᡳᠪᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嘈"] = "ᡩᡠᡵᡤᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嘉"] = "ᠰᠠᡳᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嘍"] = "", ["嘎"] = "ᡴᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠰᡝᡵᡝ", -- ["嘏"] = "", ["嘐"] = "", ["嘒"] = "", ["嘓"] = "", ["嘔"] = "ᡶᡠᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嘖"] = "ᡴᡳᠶᠠᡴᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嘗"] = "ᠠᠮᡨᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嘛"] = "", ["嘜"] = "", ["嘟"] = "ᠪᠣᡩᠣᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["嘩"] = "ᡠᡵᡴᡳᠨ", -- ["嘬"] = "", ["嘮"] = "to chatter", ["嘯"] = "to hiss; to whistle", ["嘰"] = "grumble", ["嘲"] = "to ridicule; ridicule; mock", ["嘴"] = "mouth", ["嘵"] = "a cry of alarm; querulous", ["嘶"] = "hiss; neigh", ["嘸"] = "unclear; an expletive", ["嘹"] = "clear sound; cry (of cranes, etc.)", ["嘻"] = "laugh; giggle", ["嘿"] = "hey", ["噀"] = "spurt out of the mouth", ["噁"] = "", ["噂"] = "talk together", ["噅"] = "to speak falsely or wrongly; ugly", ["噉"] = "(''Cantonese'') this; in such way", ["噌"] = "sound of bells, etc; to scold; whoosh!", ["噎"] = "choke", ["噓"] = "exhale; hiss", ["噗"] = "sound of escaping laughter; water", ["噘"] = "to push (lips)", ["噙"] = "hold in the mouth", ["噚"] = "fathom", ["噞"] = "the movement of a fish's mouth at the surface of the water", ["噠"] = "''phonetic''; command to a horse; clatter (of horses' hooves)", ["噢"] = "oh!", ["噤"] = "unable to speak; silent", ["噥"] = "garrulous", ["器"] = "device; tool; utensil", ["噩"] = "startling", ["噪"] = "chirp; mixture of voices; noise; buzzing; clamour", ["噫"] = "(interj. of approval); belch", ["噬"] = "devour; to bite", ["噭"] = "shout", ["噯"] = "(interj. of regret); (interj. of disapproval)", ["噱"] = "loud laughter", ["噲"] = "''surname''; throat; to swallow", ["噳"] = "herd; stag; buck", ["噴"] = "fragrant; sneeze; to puff; to spout; to spray; to spurt", ["噸"] = "ton", ["噹"] = "dong (onomatopoeia for bell)", ["嚀"] = "enjoin", ["嚃"] = "to drink; to swallow", ["嚄"] = "(interj. of surprise); stunned and speechless", ["嚅"] = "chattering", ["嚆"] = "sound; noise", ["嚇"] = "to frighten; to scare; to intimidate; to threaten", ["嚌"] = "sip", ["嚎"] = "howl; bawl", ["嚏"] = "sneeze", ["嚐"] = "to taste", ["嚕"] = "grumble; chatter", ["嚙"] = "gnaw", ["嚚"] = "insincere; stupid", ["嚜"] = "be silent; final particle", ["嚥"] = "to swallow", ["嚦"] = "sound of splitting; cracking", ["嚨"] = "throat", ["嚬"] = "knit the brows", ["嚭"] = "great; great fortune", ["嚮"] = "guide; opposite to", ["嚲"] = "hang down", ["嚳"] = "name of an emperor", ["嚴"] = "(air or water) tight; stern; serious; strict; severe", ["嚵"] = "gluttonous; greedy", ["嚶"] = "calling of birds", ["嚷"] = "blurt out; to shout", ["嚼"] = "to chew", ["囀"] = "sing, chirp, warble, twitter", ["囁"] = "move the mouth as in speaking", ["囂"] = "clamour", ["囅"] = "smilingly", ["囈"] = "talk in sleep", ["囉"] = "subordinate in a gang of bandits; fussy; talkative", ["囊"] = "sack", ["囌"] = "loquacious; nag", ["囍"] = "double happiness", ["囑"] = "enjoin", ["囓"] = "gnaw", ["囔"] = "muttering, indistinct speech", ["囗"] = "enclosure", ["囚"] = "prisoner", ["四"] = "four", ["囝"] = "child", ["回"] = "to circle; to go back; to turn around; to answer; to return; to revolve; (a measure word for matters or actions) a time; Islam", ["囟"] = "skull; top of head", ["因"] = "cause; reason; because", ["囡"] = "one's daughter; to filch; to secrete", ["囤"] = "to store; hoard; bin for grain", ["囥"] = "to hide; store", ["囪"] = "window; chimney", ["囮"] = "decoy", ["困"] = "distress; sleepy; doze off", ["囷"] = "granary", ["囹"] = "prison", ["固"] = "hard; strong; solid; sure", ["囿"] = "park; to limit; be limited to", ["圂"] = "grain-fed animals; pigsty", ["圃"] = "garden; orchard", ["圄"] = "imprison", ["圈"] = "circle; ring; loop; to confine; enclose; pen (pig); a fold", ["圉"] = "prison; to keep the horse; one who keeps the horse; frontier", ["圊"] = "pigsty; rest-room", ["國"] = "country; state; nation", ["圌"] = "name of a mountain", ["圍"] = "to circle; to surround", ["園"] = "garden", ["圓"] = "circle; round; circular; spherical; (of the moon) full; unit of Chinese currency (Yuan); tactful; to justify", ["圖"] = "diagram; to plan; picture; drawing; chart", ["團"] = "regiment; round; circular; group; society", ["圛"] = "mist rolling upwards", ["圜"] = "circle; round; encircle", ["圞"] = "round", ["土"] = "earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian", ["在"] = "(located) at; in; exist; (before verbs) immediately involved in; right in the middle of doing", ["圩"] = "dike", ["圪"] = "''phonetic''", ["圬"] = "to plaster; whitewash", ["圭"] = "jade tablet", ["圮"] = "destroyed; injure", ["圯"] = "bridge, bank", ["地"] = "earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); -ly", ["圳"] = "furrow in field, small drainage", ["圻"] = "boundary; a border", ["址"] = "location; site", ["均"] = "equal; even; all; uniform", ["坊"] = "subdivision of a city", ["坋"] = "dust, earth; a bank of earth; to dig; to bring together", ["坌"] = "bring together; dust", ["坍"] = "collapse", ["坎"] = "pit; threshold", ["坐"] = "to sit; to take a seat; to take (a bus, aeroplane, etc.)", ["坑"] = "pit; to defraud", ["坒"] = "to compare; to match; to equal", ["坡"] = "slope", ["坤"] = "the earth-; female-principle", ["坦"] = "flat; open-hearted; level; smooth", ["坨"] = "lump; spherical substance", ["坩"] = "earthenware", ["坪"] = "a plain", ["坫"] = "stand for goblets", ["坭"] = "mud", ["坯"] = "unburnt earthenware", ["坰"] = "environs; wilderness", ["坱"] = "boundless (space); fine dust", ["坳"] = "a depression; cavity; hollow", ["坴"] = "a clod of earth; land", ["坵"] = "earthenware, earthenware vessel", ["坻"] = "place name; islet; rock in river", ["坼"] = "to crack; split; break; to chap", ["垂"] = "to hang (down); droop; dangle; bend down; hand down; bequeath; nearly; almost; to approach", ["型"] = "model", ["垓"] = "boundary", ["垔"] = "to restrain; to dam a stream and change its direction; a mound", ["垕"] = "thick", ["垗"] = "sacrifice", ["垚"] = "embankment", ["垛"] = "pile; battlement; target", ["垝"] = "dilapidated", ["垞"] = "place name", ["垟"] = "clay sheep buried with the dead", ["垠"] = "bank", ["垢"] = "dirt; disgrace", ["垣"] = "wall", ["垤"] = "anthill; mound", ["垮"] = "collapse", ["埂"] = "channel for irrigation", ["埃"] = "dirt; dust; angstrom", ["埆"] = "stony", ["埇"] = "raised path", ["埋"] = "to blame; bury", ["埌"] = "wasteland; wild", ["城"] = "city walls; city; town", ["埏"] = "boundary; to mix water with clay", ["埒"] = "enclosure, dike, embankment", ["埕"] = "earthen jar", ["埜"] = "open country, field; wilderness", ["域"] = "field; region; area; (taxonomy) domain", ["埠"] = "a jetty; port; a city; quay", ["埡"] = "character used in place names", ["埤"] = "low wall", ["埧"] = "diked pond", ["埭"] = "dam", ["埰"] = "allotment to a feudal noble", ["埳"] = "a pit, a hole, a snare, a danger; a crisis; a mortar", ["埴"] = "soil with large clay content", ["埵"] = "solid earth", ["埶"] = "skill; art", ["執"] = "execute (a plan); grasp", ["埸"] = "border", ["培"] = "to cultivate; to earth up", ["基"] = "base; foundation; basic; (chemistry) radical", ["埼"] = "headland", ["埽"] = "broom; dike", ["堀"] = "cave; hole", ["堂"] = "(main) hall; large room", ["堄"] = "[[parapet]]", ["堅"] = "strong; solid; firm; unyielding; resolute", ["堆"] = "a pile; a mass; heap; stack", ["堇"] = "yellow loam; clay; season; few", ["堈"] = "earthen jug, crock, cistern", ["堉"] = "fertile soil", ["堊"] = "to whitewash; to plaster", ["堋"] = "target in archery", ["堌"] = "place name", ["堍"] = "side of bridge", ["堎"] = "mound; tomb", ["堙"] = "bury; mound; to dam; close", ["堝"] = "", ["堞"] = "battlements", ["堠"] = "mounds for beacons", ["堡"] = "earthwork; castle; position of defence; stronghold; character used in place names", ["堤"] = "dike", ["堧"] = "adjoin", ["堨"] = "dam; to stop; check", ["堪"] = "endure", ["堭"] = "a dry moat outside a city wall; a dry ditch", ["堮"] = "a boundary; a border", ["堯"] = "''surname''; emperor Yao", ["堰"] = "weir", ["報"] = "to [[announce]]; to [[inform]]; report; newspaper; to [[repay]]; to recompense; revenge", ["堲"] = "hate", ["堳"] = "low wall", ["場"] = "courtyard; open space; place; field; a measure word; (a measure word, used for sport or recreation)", ["堵"] = "stop up", ["堽"] = "mound", ["堿"] = "alkali; soda", ["塈"] = "to brick a grave; to snuff out", ["塊"] = "piece; chunk; lump; (a measure word, for cloth, cake, soap); (measure word for chunks, lumps); yuan (unit of currency); fast (of a watch); swift; rapid; happy; joyful; soon; quick", ["塋"] = "a grave", ["塌"] = "collapse", ["塍"] = "raised path between fields", ["塏"] = "dry terrain", ["塑"] = "to model (a figure) in clay", ["塒"] = "hen roost", ["塓"] = "to plaster; whitewash (wall)", ["塔"] = "pagoda; tower", ["塕"] = "a gust of wind", ["塗"] = "to smear; daub", ["塘"] = "pond", ["塙"] = "truly", ["塚"] = "mound", ["塝"] = "the edge; border of a field", ["塞"] = "to stuff; to stop up; to squeeze in; strategic pass; piston; unenlightened; Serb (abbrev.); Serbian", ["塢"] = "dock; low wall", ["塤"] = "ancient porcelain wind-instrument", ["塥"] = "dry clay lump", ["填"] = "to fill in", ["塱"] = "raised bank; mud wall", ["塵"] = "dust; dirt; earth", ["塹"] = "moat around a city", ["塼"] = "brick", ["塽"] = "elevated prominent ground", ["塾"] = "private tutorage", ["塿"] = "small mound", ["墀"] = "courtyard", ["墁"] = "to plaster", ["境"] = "border; place; condition; boundary; circumstances; territory", ["墅"] = "villa", ["墈"] = "cliff", ["墉"] = "fortified wall", ["墊"] = "pad; cushion; mat", ["墐"] = "bury; plaster with mud", ["墓"] = "tomb", ["墜"] = "fall", ["墝"] = "stony soil", ["增"] = "to increase; to expand; to add", ["墟"] = "old burial grounds", ["墠"] = "level spot for sacrifices", ["墦"] = "a grave", ["墨"] = "China ink; ink stick; (abbrev.)", ["墩"] = "block; gate pillar; pier", ["墫"] = "goblet; bottle; wine-jar", ["墮"] = "degenerate; fall", ["墳"] = "a grave", ["墺"] = "building-plot", ["墾"] = "reclaim (land)", ["壁"] = "wall; rampart", ["壅"] = "obstruct; stop up", ["壆"] = "stiff, hard clay or rocky strata; crack in a jar", ["壇"] = "altar", ["壈"] = "disappointed", ["壎"] = "ancient porcelain wind-instrument", ["壑"] = "gully", ["壒"] = "dust; mud", ["壓"] = "to crush; to press; to push down; to keep under (control); in the first place", ["壔"] = "column; cylinder", ["壕"] = "air-raid shelter; trench", ["壖"] = "land on water edge or under wall", ["壘"] = "rampart", ["壙"] = "tomb", ["壚"] = "clay; shop", ["壝"] = "a mound, an embankment; the earthen altar to the god of the soil", ["壞"] = "bad; evil; rotten; spoiled", ["壟"] = "monopolize", ["壤"] = "soil; earth", ["壩"] = "dam; dyke; embankment", ["士"] = "scholar; warrior; knight", ["壬"] = "9th [[heavenly stem]]", ["壯"] = "to strengthen; strong; robust", ["壹"] = "one (alternate form of {{lang|zh|一}} used on checks)", ["壺"] = "pot; (a measure word)", ["壼"] = "palace corridor or passageway", ["壽"] = "(long) life", ["壿"] = "goblet; bottle; wine-jar", ["夆"] = "to butt (as horned animals)", ["夌"] = "to dawdle; the name of the father of the Emperor Yao", ["夏"] = "summer; Xia (proper name)", ["夔"] = "one-legged monster; respectful", ["夕"] = "dusk; evening", ["外"] = "outside; in addition; foreign; external", ["夗"] = "to turn over when asleep", ["夙"] = "morning", ["多"] = "many; much; a lot of; numerous; multi-", ["夜"] = "night", ["夠"] = "to reach; to be enough", ["夢"] = "to dream", ["夤"] = "late at night", ["夥"] = "assistant; partner; many; great; numerous", ["大"] = "big; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor", ["天"] = "day; sky; heaven", ["太"] = "too (much); very; extremely; highest; greatest", ["夫"] = "husband; man", ["夬"] = "decisive", ["夭"] = "tender; gentle; to die prematurely", ["央"] = "centre; to implore", ["夯"] = "to carry on the shoulder (forcefully); rammer; to ram; to strike forcefully", ["失"] = "to lose; to miss; to fail", ["夷"] = "safe; to raze; to exterminate; barbarian", ["夸"] = "to boast", ["夾"] = "hold between; clip; lined; narrow lane; folder; to press from both sides; to place in between", ["奄"] = "suddenly; to embrace; castrate; to delay", ["奇"] = "strange; odd; weird; wonderful; odd (Num)", ["奈"] = "how can one help", ["奉"] = "to receive (from superior); to offer; to revere", ["奎"] = "name of constellation; stride", ["奏"] = "present a memorial; to achieve; to play", ["奐"] = "excellent", ["契"] = "contract", ["奓"] = "extravagant", ["奔"] = "go to; towards; to hurry or rush; to run quickly; to elope", ["奕"] = "abundant; graceful", ["套"] = "to cover; covering; case; cover; (a measure word, a set of something); sheath", ["奘"] = "fat; stout; great", ["奚"] = "what; why", ["奜"] = "big", ["奠"] = "libation", ["奡"] = "haughty; vigorous", ["奢"] = "extravagant", ["奧"] = "obscure; mysterious", ["奩"] = "bridal trousseau", ["奪"] = "rob; snatch", ["奭"] = "''surname''; angry", ["奮"] = "exert oneself", ["奰"] = "anger", ["女"] = "female; woman; daughter", ["奴"] = "slave", ["奶"] = "breast; lady; milk", ["奸"] = "traitor", ["她"] = "she", ["好"] = "good; well; be fond of", ["妁"] = "''surname''; matchmaker", ["如"] = "as (if); such as", ["妃"] = "imperial concubine", ["妄"] = "absurd; fantastic", ["妊"] = "be pregnant", ["妍"] = "beautiful", ["妒"] = "jealous", ["妓"] = "prostitute", ["妖"] = "goblin; witch; devil; bewitching; enchanting; monster; phantom", ["妗"] = "wife of mother's brother", ["妙"] = "clever; wonderful", ["妝"] = "adornment; adorn", ["妞"] = "little girl", ["妣"] = "deceased mother", ["妤"] = "handsome; fair", ["妥"] = "secure; sound", ["妨"] = "hinder; harm", ["妮"] = "girl; phonetic \"ni\" (in girl's name)", ["妲"] = "concubine of last Shang emperor", ["妳"] = "you (fem.)", ["妵"] = "(feminine name); beautiful; fair", ["妹"] = "younger sister", ["妺"] = "wife of the last ruler of the Xia dynasty", ["妻"] = "wife; to marry off (a daughter)", ["妾"] = "concubine", ["姁"] = "chatter like old woman; cheerful", ["姅"] = "menstruation", ["姆"] = "governess", ["姊"] = "older sister", ["始"] = "begin", ["姍"] = "deprecate; lithe (of woman's walk)", ["姐"] = "older sister", ["姑"] = "paternal aunt", ["姒"] = "''surname''; wife of older brother", ["姓"] = "surname; family name; name", ["委"] = "give up; indeed; to commission; crooked", ["姘"] = "be a mistress or lover", ["姚"] = "''surname''", ["姜"] = "''surname''", ["姝"] = "pretty woman", ["姞"] = "''surname''", ["姣"] = "cunning; pretty", ["姤"] = "copulate; good", ["姥"] = "governess; old woman; (maternal) grandma", ["姦"] = "adultery", ["姨"] = "one's mother's sister; aunt", ["姪"] = "nephew (of the same surname)", ["姬"] = "''surname''; women", ["姱"] = "fascinating; pretty", ["姺"] = "name of an ancient state", ["姻"] = "marriage connections", ["姽"] = "quiet and nice", ["姿"] = "beauty; disposition; looks; appearance", ["娀"] = "name of an ancient state", ["威"] = "power; might; prestige", ["娃"] = "baby; doll", ["娉"] = "graceful", ["娑"] = "", ["娓"] = "active; comply with", ["娘"] = "mother; young lady", ["娛"] = "amuse", ["娜"] = "elegant; graceful", ["娟"] = "beautiful; graceful", ["娠"] = "pregnant", ["娣"] = "wife of a younger brother", ["娥"] = "good; beautiful", ["娩"] = "complaisant; agreeable; give birth to a child", ["娵"] = "(feminine name); (star)", ["娶"] = "take a wife", ["娸"] = "to ridicule; ugly", ["娼"] = "prostitute", ["婀"] = "graceful; willowy; unstable", ["婁"] = "(star); ''surname''", ["婆"] = "grandmother; matron; mother-in-law", ["婉"] = "graceful; tactful", ["婊"] = "prostitute; bitch", ["婐"] = "maid", ["婕"] = "handsome", ["婚"] = "to marry; marriage; wedding; to take a wife", ["婞"] = "upright", ["婢"] = "slave girl; maid servant", ["婤"] = "(feminine name)", ["婥"] = "weak; delicate", ["婦"] = "woman", ["婧"] = "modest; supple", ["婪"] = "avaricious", ["婬"] = "obscene, licentious, lewd", ["婭"] = "address term between sons-in-law", ["婷"] = "graceful", ["婺"] = "beautiful", ["婼"] = "recalcitrant", ["婿"] = "husband; son-in-law", ["媄"] = "beautiful", ["媊"] = "planet Venus in the morning", ["媒"] = "medium; intermediary; matchmaker; go-between", ["媕"] = "girl in love; undecided", ["媚"] = "flatter; charm", ["媛"] = "a beauty", ["媟"] = "to lust for", ["媢"] = "envious", ["媧"] = "''surname''; sister of Fu2 Xi1", ["媬"] = "governess; nurse", ["媮"] = "improper; irregular", ["媯"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["媲"] = "to match; to pair", ["媳"] = "daughter in law", ["媵"] = "maid escorting bride to new home", ["媸"] = "ugly woman", ["媺"] = "beautiful", ["媻"] = "to move", ["媼"] = "old woman", ["媽"] = "mother; mama", ["媾"] = "to marry; to copulate", ["媿"] = "ashamed", ["嫁"] = "marry (a husband)", ["嫂"] = "older brother's wife; sister-in-law", ["嫄"] = "name of an empress", ["嫈"] = "attentively; carefully", ["嫉"] = "jealousy; be jealous of", ["嫋"] = "delicate; graceful", ["嫌"] = "to dislike; to suspect", ["嫖"] = "visit a prostitute", ["嫗"] = "brood over; old woman; protect", ["嫘"] = "''surname''", ["嫚"] = "''surname''; insult", ["嫜"] = "husband's parent; lady in the moon", ["嫠"] = "widow", ["嫡"] = "first wife; son of first wife", ["嫣"] = "captivating", ["嫩"] = "tender; soft", ["嫪"] = "''surname''; lustful", ["嫫"] = "ugly woman", ["嫵"] = "flatter; to please", ["嫻"] = "elegant; refined", ["嫽"] = "good; smart; to play", ["嫿"] = "tranquil", ["嬃"] = "elder sister", ["嬈"] = "disturbance; graceful", ["嬉"] = "amusement", ["嬋"] = "beautiful; graceful", ["嬌"] = "lovable; pampered; tender; delicate; frail", ["嬔"] = "baby rabbit", ["嬖"] = "(treat as a) favourite", ["嬗"] = "changes and succession", ["嬙"] = "female court officials", ["嬛"] = "clever; pretty; place where supreme bestows books", ["嬝"] = "delicate; graceful", ["嬤"] = "ma; mamma", ["嬪"] = "imperial concubine", ["嬬"] = "mistress, concubine; weak", ["嬭"] = "breast; lady; milk", ["嬰"] = "infant; baby", ["嬲"] = "tease; disturb", ["嬴"] = "full; profit; win", ["嬸"] = "wife of father's younger brother", ["嬾"] = "lazy", ["嬿"] = "lovely", ["孀"] = "widow", ["孃"] = "mother; troubled", ["孅"] = "cunning; slender", ["孌"] = "beautiful", ["子"] = "child; son; (''noun suffix''); small thing; seed; egg; 1st [[earthly branch]]; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight;", ["孑"] = "alone; mosquito larvae; small", ["孓"] = "larvae of mosquito", ["孔"] = "hole; ''surname''", ["孕"] = "pregnant", ["孖"] = "twins", ["字"] = "letter; symbol; character; word", ["存"] = "exist; deposit; store; keep; survive", ["孚"] = "trust", ["孛"] = "comet", ["孜"] = "hard-working; industrious", ["孝"] = "filial", ["孟"] = "first month; eldest brother; ''surname''", ["孢"] = "spore", ["季"] = "season; period", ["孤"] = "lone; lonely", ["孥"] = "child; offspring", ["孩"] = "child", ["孫"] = "grandson", ["孰"] = "who; which; what", ["孱"] = "coward; weak; dodger", ["孳"] = "industrious; produce; bear", ["孵"] = "hatch", ["學"] = "learn; study; science; -ology", ["孺"] = "child", ["孻"] = "last", ["孽"] = "consequence of sin", ["孿"] = "twins", ["它"] = "it (used for things)", ["宄"] = "traitor", ["宅"] = "residence", ["宇"] = "room; universe", ["守"] = "to guard", ["安"] = "content; calm; still; quiet; to pacify; peace; how", ["宋"] = "''surname''; name of a dynasty", ["完"] = "to finish; to be over; whole; complete; entire", ["宏"] = "spacious", ["宓"] = "still; silent", ["宕"] = "dissipated; put off", ["宗"] = "school; sect; purpose; model; ancestor; family", ["官"] = "official; government; organ of body", ["宙"] = "universe", ["定"] = "to set; to fix; to determine; to decide; to stabilize; to order", ["宛"] = "similar; winding", ["宜"] = "proper; should; suitable; appropriate", ["客"] = "customer; visitor; guest", ["宣"] = "to declare (publicly); to announce", ["室"] = "room", ["宥"] = "forgive; help; profound", ["宦"] = "an official", ["宧"] = "northeastern corner of a room", ["宬"] = "library stack; storage", ["宮"] = "palace; uterus", ["宰"] = "slaughter; butcher; govern; rule; official", ["害"] = "to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity", ["宴"] = "feast; repose", ["宵"] = "night", ["家"] = "home; family; -ist; -er; -ian; measure word for stores and schools", ["宸"] = "imperial apartments", ["容"] = "to hold; to contain; to allow; appearance; look; countenance", ["宿"] = "(a) night; constellation; lodge for the night; old; former", ["寀"] = "feudal estate", ["寁"] = "swift", ["寂"] = "lonesome", ["寄"] = "lodge at; to mail; to send; to entrust; to depend", ["寅"] = "3rd [[earthly branch]]; 3–5 a.m.", ["密"] = "secret; confidential; close; thick; dense", ["寇"] = "bandit", ["富"] = "rich; abundant; to enrich; resource", ["寎"] = "nightmare; start in sleep", ["寐"] = "sleep soundly", ["寒"] = "cold; poor; to tremble", ["寓"] = "reside; residence", ["寔"] = "really; solid", ["寖"] = "immerse; soak", ["寘"] = "put aside, put down; discard", ["寙"] = "bad; useless; weak", ["寞"] = "lonesome", ["察"] = "examine; inquire; observe; inspect; look into; to examine", ["寠"] = "poor; rustic", ["寡"] = "few; widowed", ["寢"] = "lie down", ["寤"] = "awake from sleep", ["寥"] = "empty; lonesome; very few", ["實"] = "real; true; honest; really; solid", ["寧"] = "peaceful; rather; Ningxia (abbrev.)", ["寨"] = "stronghold; stockade", ["審"] = "to examine; to investigate; carefully; to try (in court)", ["寪"] = "''surname''", ["寫"] = "to write", ["寬"] = "lenient; wide; broad", ["寮"] = "Laos; fellow-official; hut", ["寰"] = "large domain", ["寵"] = "to love; to pamper; to spoil; to favour", ["寶"] = "a jewel or gem; a treasure; precious", ["寸"] = "a unit of length", ["寺"] = "Buddhist temple", ["封"] = "to confer; to grant; to seal; (a measure word)", ["尃"] = "to state to, to announce", ["射"] = "radio- (chem.); shoot", ["將"] = "a general; (will, shall, \"future tense\"); ready; prepared; to get; to use", ["專"] = "for a particular person, occasion, purpose; focused on one thing; special; expert; particular (to something); concentrated; specialized", ["尉"] = "milit. official; to quiet", ["尊"] = "to honour", ["尋"] = "to search; to look for; to seek", ["對"] = "couple; pair; to be opposite; to oppose; to face; for; to; correct (answer); to answer; to reply; to direct (towards something); right", ["導"] = "to transmit; to lead; to guide; to conduct; to direct", ["小"] = "small; tiny; few; young", ["少"] = "young; few; little; lack", ["尒"] = "thou", ["尕"] = "''phonetic''", ["尖"] = "point (of needle); sharp; shrewd; pointed", ["尚"] = "still; yet; to value; to esteem", ["尟"] = "few; rare", ["尢"] = "lame", ["尤"] = "outstanding; particularly; especially", ["尨"] = "shaggy dog; striped", ["尪"] = "feeble; lame", ["尬"] = "in an embarrassing situation", ["尰"] = "swell", ["就"] = "at once; then; right away; only; (emphasis); to approach; to move towards; to undertake", ["尸"] = "corpse", ["尹"] = "to rule; ''surname''", ["尺"] = "a Chinese foot (M); one-third of a metre; a ruler; a note musical note on traditional Chinese scale", ["尻"] = "end of spine", ["尼"] = "Buddhist nun; (often used in phonetic spellings)", ["尾"] = "tail", ["尿"] = "urinate; urine", ["局"] = "situation; office; (a measure word used for games) set or round office", ["屁"] = "to break wind; to fart", ["屄"] = "''a vulgar reference of vulva''; cunt", ["居"] = "reside", ["屆"] = "arrive at (place or time); period; to become due; measure words for events (e.g., meetings, elections)", ["屇"] = "cave; hole", ["屈"] = "bent; feel wronged", ["屋"] = "house; room", ["屌"] = "penis; to fuck", ["屍"] = "corpse", ["屎"] = "stool; faeces", ["屏"] = "(standing) screen; get rid of; put aside; reject; keep control; hold back", ["屐"] = "clogs", ["屑"] = "crumbs; filings; worth while", ["展"] = "to spread out; to postpone; to unfold; to use", ["屘"] = "the youngest", ["屙"] = "defecate", ["屜"] = "drawer; tier; tray", ["屝"] = "coarse; sandals", ["屠"] = "slaughter; slaughter man", ["屢"] = "time and again", ["屣"] = "slippers", ["層"] = "layer; floor; a measure word for layers; laminated; repeated; story (of a building); (maths) sheaf", ["履"] = "shoe; to tread on", ["屧"] = "wooden shoes", ["屨"] = "sandals", ["屩"] = "hemp sandals", ["屪"] = "penis", ["屬"] = "belong to; category; be subordinate to; (taxonomy) genus; be born in the year of (one of the 12 animals); family members; dependants; join together; fix one's attention on; concentrate on", ["屭"] = "gigantic strength", ["屮"] = "plants sprouting", ["屯"] = "to store up; to station (soldiers); difficult; stingy", ["山"] = "mountain; hill", ["屴"] = "high mountain range", ["屹"] = "high and steep", ["屺"] = "hill without trees", ["屼"] = "bare hill", ["岊"] = "mountain peak", ["岌"] = "lofty peak; perilous", ["岍"] = "name of a mountain", ["岐"] = "divergent; side road; steep", ["岑"] = "a small hill; ''surname''", ["岔"] = "branch in a road; astray; diverge", ["岝"] = "name of a mountain in Shandong", ["岡"] = "ridge; mound", ["岣"] = "name of a hill in Hunan", ["岧"] = "lofty peak", ["岨"] = "rocky hill", ["岩"] = "cliff; rock", ["岫"] = "cave; mountain peak", ["岬"] = "cape (geog.)", ["岱"] = "name of a mountain in Shandong", ["岳"] = "mountain; wife's father", ["岵"] = "wooded hill", ["岷"] = "name of a river in Sichuan", ["岸"] = "bank; shore; beach; coast", ["峇"] = "cave, cavern", ["峋"] = "ranges of hills", ["峒"] = "name of a mountain", ["峓"] = "place name", ["峙"] = "peak; to store", ["峞"] = "high and uneven", ["峨"] = "lofty; name of a mountain", ["峪"] = "valley", ["峭"] = "steep hill", ["峰"] = "peak; summit", ["峱"] = "name of a mountain", ["峴"] = "steep hill", ["島"] = "island", ["峹"] = "name of a mountain", ["峻"] = "steep", ["峽"] = "gorge", ["峿"] = "name of a mountain", ["崀"] = "place name in Hunan province", ["崆"] = "name of a mountain", ["崇"] = "high; dignified; lofty; to honour", ["崌"] = "mountain name", ["崍"] = "name of a mountain in Sichuan", ["崎"] = "mountainous", ["崑"] = "Kunlun mountains", ["崒"] = "rocky peaks; lofty and dangerous", ["崔"] = "high mountain; precipitous", ["崖"] = "precipice", ["崗"] = "mound; policeman's beat", ["崙"] = "Kunlun mountains", ["崚"] = "lofty (as of mountain)", ["崛"] = "towering as a peak", ["崞"] = "name of a mountain", ["崟"] = "high; rugged mountains; steep", ["崠"] = "place name in Guangxi province", ["崢"] = "excel; lofty", ["崤"] = "mountain in Henan", ["崦"] = "name of a mountain in Gansu", ["崧"] = "lofty; name of a mountain in Henan", ["崩"] = "collapse; fall into ruins", ["崮"] = "(element in mountain names)", ["崱"] = "lofty", ["崳"] = "county in Shandong province", ["崴"] = "high, lofty; precipitous", ["崶"] = "name of a legendary hill", ["崽"] = "young of animals", ["崿"] = "cliff; precipice", ["嵂"] = "rise sharply; to tower", ["嵇"] = "''surname''; name of a mountain", ["嵊"] = "name of a district in Zhejiang", ["嵌"] = "deep valley; inlay", ["嵎"] = "mountain range", ["嵐"] = "mountain mist", ["嵒"] = "cliff", ["嵙"] = "place name", ["嵩"] = "lofty; name of a mountain in Henan", ["嵫"] = "name of a mountain in Gansu", ["嵬"] = "rocky", ["嵯"] = "lofty (as of mountain)", ["嵼"] = "winding mountain path", ["嵾"] = "uneven; not uniform", ["嶁"] = "mountain peak", ["嶂"] = "cliff; range of peaks", ["嶄"] = "precipitous peak", ["嶇"] = "rugged", ["嶒"] = "lofty; precipitous", ["嶓"] = "name of a mountain", ["嶔"] = "loftiness (of mountain)", ["嶗"] = "name of a mountain in Shandong", ["嶙"] = "ranges of hills", ["嶝"] = "path leading up a mountain", ["嶞"] = "mountain peak", ["嶠"] = "highest peak", ["嶡"] = "sacrificial vessel; precipitous; mountainous", ["嶢"] = "high; steep; to tower", ["嶧"] = "name of hills in Shandong", ["嶨"] = "big rocky mountain", ["嶭"] = "elevated, lofty", ["嶮"] = "precipitous; rugged", ["嶰"] = "mountain valley", ["嶲"] = "a name of an old town in Sichuan; cuckoo; revolution of a wheel", ["嶴"] = "place name", ["嶷"] = "name of a mountain in Hunan", ["嶺"] = "mountain range", ["嶼"] = "islet", ["嶽"] = "mountain", ["巂"] = "place name in Sichuan", ["巃"] = "steep; precipitous (of mountain)", ["巇"] = "mountain-gorge; ravine", ["巉"] = "cliff", ["巋"] = "high and mighty (of mountain); hilly", ["巍"] = "high; lofty; towering; majestic", ["巒"] = "mountain ranges", ["巔"] = "summit", ["巖"] = "cliff", ["巘"] = "peak of mountain", ["川"] = "river; creek; plain; an area of level country; Sichuan province (abbrev.)", ["州"] = "province; prefecture; state; county", ["巟"] = "a watery waste; to reach", ["巡"] = "to patrol; to make one's rounds", ["巢"] = "nest", ["工"] = "work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labour", ["左"] = "left", ["巧"] = "opportunely; coincidentally; as it happens; skilful; timely", ["巨"] = "very large; huge; tremendous; gigantic", ["巫"] = "witch; Malay", ["差"] = "differ from; short of; to lack; poor; send; a messenger; a mission; to commission; uneven; difference; discrepancy; to differ; error; to err; to make a mistake", ["巰"] = "hydrosulfuryl", ["己"] = "6th [[heavenly stem]]; self", ["已"] = "already; to stop; then; afterwards", ["巳"] = "6th [[earthly branch]]; 9–11 a.m.", ["巴"] = "(suff. for certain nouns); to hope; to wish; Palestinian, Palestine (abbrev.); Pakistan (abbrev.); Pascal (unit of pressure)", ["巷"] = "lane; alley", ["巹"] = "nuptial wine cup", ["巽"] = "a sign in the trigram; obey", ["巾"] = "towel", ["巿"] = "revolve, make circuit, turn", ["市"] = "market; city", ["布"] = "to declare; to announce; to spread; to make known; spread; (cotton) cloth", ["帆"] = "sail", ["希"] = "to hope; rare; infrequent", ["帑"] = "treasury", ["帔"] = "cape", ["帕"] = "handkerchief", ["帖"] = "invitation card; notice; rubbing from incised inscription; fit snugly", ["帗"] = "object held by dancer", ["帘"] = "wine shop sign", ["帙"] = "book cover", ["帚"] = "broom", ["帛"] = "silk", ["帝"] = "emperor", ["帟"] = "canopy", ["帡"] = "shelter, screen, awning", ["帣"] = "a bag which holds 30 pecks", ["帥"] = "commander in chief; handsome; graceful; smart", ["帨"] = "handkerchief", ["師"] = "a division (milit.); teacher; master; expert; model", ["席"] = "banquet; woven mat; seat; place", ["帳"] = "account; mosquito net; tent; curtain; debt; credit", ["帶"] = "band; belt; girdle; ribbon; area; zone; region; wear; carry; lead; bring; consists of; show; and", ["帷"] = "curtain; screen", ["常"] = "always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant", ["帽"] = "hat; cap", ["幀"] = "frame; one of a pair (scrolls); picture", ["幃"] = "curtain; women's apartment; tent", ["幄"] = "tent", ["幅"] = "(measure word for textile or picture); width; roll", ["幋"] = "large scarf", ["幌"] = "advertising sign", ["幔"] = "curtain", ["幕"] = "stage curtain; tent", ["幗"] = "cap worn by women; feminine", ["幘"] = "conical cap", ["幙"] = "a curtain, a screen", ["幛"] = "hanging scroll", ["幟"] = "flag", ["幠"] = "arrogant; rude; to cover", ["幡"] = "banner", ["幢"] = "(measure word for houses); tents", ["幣"] = "money; coins; currency", ["幦"] = "chariot canopy", ["幨"] = "curtain in carriage; screen", ["幩"] = "ornamental tassel on bridle", ["幪"] = "cover", ["幫"] = "to assist; to support; to help; group; gang; party", ["幬"] = "canopy; curtain", ["幭"] = "carriage cover", ["幯"] = "wipe", ["幰"] = "curtain at front of carriage", ["干"] = "to concern; to interfere; shield; stem", ["平"] = "flat; level; equal; to make the same score; to tie; to draw; calm; peaceful", ["年"] = "year", ["幵"] = "even level. to raise in both hands", ["并"] = "and; also; together with", ["幸"] = "fortunate; lucky", ["幹"] = "main part of something; to manage; to work; to do; capable; tree trunk; to kill (slang)", ["幻"] = "fantasy", ["幼"] = "young", ["幽"] = "quiet; secluded", ["幾"] = "how much; how many; several; a few; almost", ["庀"] = "prepare", ["庄"] = "farm; village", ["庇"] = "to protect; cover; shelter; hide or harbour", ["庈"] = "(person)", ["庉"] = "a village; to dwell together", ["床"] = "bed; couch; (a measure word)", ["庋"] = "a cupboard or pantry to store", ["序"] = "order; sequence; preface", ["底"] = "background; bottom; base; (possessive part.); (subor. part.)", ["庖"] = "kitchen", ["店"] = "inn; shop; store", ["庚"] = "7th [[heavenly stem]]; age", ["府"] = "prefecture; mansion", ["庠"] = "asylum for the aged; school", ["庤"] = "prepare", ["庥"] = "protection; shade", ["度"] = "capacity; degree; standard", ["座"] = "seat; base; stand; measure word for large, solid things", ["庫"] = "warehouse; storehouse", ["庬"] = "huge", ["庭"] = "court; courtyard", ["庳"] = "low-built house", ["庴"] = "place name", ["庵"] = "hut; Buddhist convent; small Buddhist temple", ["庶"] = "ordinary", ["康"] = "peaceful; spongy (of radishes)", ["庸"] = "ordinary; to use", ["庹"] = "length of 2 outstretched arms", ["庾"] = "''surname''; name of a mountain", ["廁"] = "rest-room; toilet; lavatory", ["廂"] = "box (in theatre); side room", ["廄"] = "a stable", ["廆"] = "a room; the wall of a house; a man's name", ["廈"] = "tall building", ["廉"] = "uncorrupt; inexpensive", ["廊"] = "porch", ["廋"] = "to search; be concealed", ["廎"] = "room; small hall", ["廑"] = "careful; hut", ["廒"] = "granary", ["廓"] = "big; empty; open", ["廕"] = "shade", ["廖"] = "''surname''", ["廚"] = "kitchen", ["廛"] = "market place", ["廝"] = "servant", ["廞"] = "to prepare horses and chariots for battle", ["廟"] = "temple; monastery", ["廠"] = "factory; yard; depot; workhouse; works; (industrial) plant", ["廡"] = "veranda", ["廢"] = "abolish; crippled", ["廣"] = "wide; numerous; to spread", ["廧"] = "wall", ["廨"] = "office", ["廩"] = "government granary", ["廬"] = "hut", ["廱"] = "harmonious", ["廳"] = "(reception) hall; office", ["延"] = "to prolong; to extend; to delay", ["廷"] = "palace courtyard", ["建"] = "to establish; to found; to set up; to build; to construct", ["廾"] = "hands joined", ["廿"] = "twenty", ["弁"] = "cap", ["异"] = "(interj.); raise; to stop", ["弄"] = "to do; to manage; to handle; to play with; to fool with; to mess with; to fix; to toy with; lane; alley", ["弇"] = "to cover; trap", ["弈"] = "Chinese chess game", ["弊"] = "detriment; fraud; harm; defeat", ["弋"] = "to shoot", ["式"] = "type; form; pattern; style", ["弒"] = "murder a superior", ["弓"] = "a bow (weapon)", ["弔"] = "condole with; hang", ["引"] = "to lead; to divert (water); to guide", ["弗"] = "not", ["弘"] = "great; liberal", ["弛"] = "unstring a bow; slacken; relax; loosen", ["弝"] = "the part of a bow grasped when shooting", ["弟"] = "younger brother", ["弢"] = "bow case; to cover", ["弣"] = "handle of bow", ["弤"] = "carved bow", ["弦"] = "bow string; string of mus. instr.", ["弧"] = "arc", ["弨"] = "unbent bow", ["弩"] = "cross-bow", ["弭"] = "to stop; repress", ["弮"] = "a crossbow which discharged several bolts in succession", ["弰"] = "ends of a bow", ["弱"] = "weak; feeble; young; inferior", ["弳"] = "circular measure", ["張"] = "(a measure word); ''surname''; open up", ["強"] = "strength; force; power; powerful; better", ["弸"] = "full; stretch", ["弼"] = "assist", ["彀"] = "enough", ["彄"] = "nock at end of bow; stretch", ["彆"] = "contrary; difficult; awkward", ["彈"] = "bullet; shot; ball; to play (a stringed instrument); to pluck a string; impeach", ["彊"] = "strong; superior; compel; wilful", ["彌"] = "full; to fill", ["彎"] = "bend; bent", ["彔"] = "to carve wood", ["彖"] = "hog; to judge", ["彗"] = "comet", ["彘"] = "swine", ["彙"] = "class; collection", ["彝"] = "normal nature of man; rule", ["形"] = "to appear; to look; form; shape", ["彤"] = "red", ["彥"] = "accomplished; elegant", ["彧"] = "accomplished; elegant", ["彩"] = "(bright) colour; variety; applause; applaud; (lottery) prize", ["彪"] = "a tiger-cat; stripes; streaks; veins", ["彫"] = "engrave", ["彬"] = "ornamental; refined", ["彭"] = "''surname''", ["彰"] = "manifest", ["影"] = "picture; image; reflection; shadow", ["彳"] = "step with left foot", ["彴"] = "bridge", ["彸"] = "restless, agitated", ["役"] = "service", ["彼"] = "that; those; (one) another)", ["彽"] = "go to and fro", ["往"] = "toward; (of a train) bound for; to go (in a direction); past; previous; towards", ["征"] = "attack; levy (troops or taxes); journey; trip; expedition", ["徂"] = "to go; to reach", ["待"] = "wait; treat; deal with; need; about; intending to do something; stay; delay", ["徇"] = "follow; quick", ["很"] = "very; rather; quite", ["律"] = "law", ["後"] = "back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later", ["徐"] = "slow; gentle; ''surname''", ["徑"] = "path", ["徒"] = "apprentice; disciple", ["得"] = "get; obtain; gain; proper; suitable; proud; contented; allow; permit; ready; finished; a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect; degree or possibility; to have to; must; ought to; to need to", ["徙"] = "change one's residence", ["從"] = "from; obey; observe; follow; second cousin; lax; yielding; unhurried", ["徠"] = "to come", ["御"] = "defend; imperial; to drive", ["復"] = "again; recover; reply to a letter; to repeat; to duplicate", ["循"] = "to follow; to adhere to; to abide by", ["徬"] = "irresolute", ["徭"] = "compulsory service", ["微"] = "tiny; minute; clandestine; hide; elegant; exquisite", ["徯"] = "footpath; wait for", ["徵"] = "note in Chinese musical scale; levy (troops or taxes)", ["德"] = "Germany; virtue; goodness; morality; ethics; kindness; favour; character; kind", ["徹"] = "pervade; penetrate; pass through; thorough; penetrating", ["徻"] = "a wide room", ["徼"] = "boundary; go around; by mere luck", ["徽"] = "insignia", ["忀"] = "to stroll; to ramble", ["心"] = "heart; mind", ["必"] = "certainly; must; will; necessarily", ["忉"] = "grieved", ["忌"] = "avoid as taboo; jealous", ["忍"] = "to bear; to endure; to tolerate", ["忒"] = "excessive; to change", ["忖"] = "ponder; consider; guess", ["志"] = "the will", ["忘"] = "to forget; to overlook; to neglect", ["忙"] = "busy", ["忝"] = "to shame", ["忠"] = "loyal", ["忡"] = "grieved; distressed; sad; uneasy", ["忤"] = "disobedient; unfilial", ["忪"] = "restless; agitated", ["快"] = "fast; quick; swift", ["忭"] = "delighted; pleased", ["忮"] = "aggressive", ["忱"] = "sincerity; honesty", ["念"] = "to miss; to think of; to read; to study (a subject); to attend (a school); to read aloud; idea; remembrance; twenty", ["忸"] = "accustomed to; blush; be shy", ["忻"] = "happy", ["忽"] = "suddenly", ["忿"] = "vehement", ["怍"] = "ashamed", ["怎"] = "how", ["怏"] = "discontented", ["怒"] = "indignant", ["怔"] = "be startled", ["怕"] = "to be afraid; to fear", ["怖"] = "terror; terrified; afraid; frightened", ["怗"] = "peaceful; quiet", ["怙"] = "presume", ["怚"] = "dull, stupid, suspicious", ["怛"] = "distressed; alarmed; shocked; grieved", ["思"] = "to think; to consider", ["怞"] = "to grieve; sorrowful", ["怠"] = "idle; lazy; negligent; careless", ["怡"] = "harmony; pleased", ["急"] = "hurried; worried", ["怦"] = "impulsive", ["性"] = "sex; nature; suffix corresponding to -ness or -ity", ["怨"] = "blame; complain", ["怩"] = "shy, timid, bashful; look ashamed", ["怪"] = "queer; to blame", ["怫"] = "anxious; anger", ["怭"] = "frivolous; rude", ["怯"] = "afraid; rustic", ["怲"] = "sad; mournful", ["怳"] = "disappointed; flurried; indistinct", ["怵"] = "fearful; timid; to fear", ["怹"] = "a polite version of he", ["恁"] = "that, like this, thus, so, such", ["恂"] = "sincere", ["恃"] = "rely upon", ["恆"] = "permanent", ["恇"] = "to fear; apprehensive", ["恉"] = "purport", ["恌"] = "frivolous", ["恍"] = "disappointed; flurried; indistinct", ["恐"] = "afraid; frightened; to fear", ["恓"] = "troubled; vexed", ["恔"] = "cheerful", ["恕"] = "forgive", ["恙"] = "sickness", ["恚"] = "rage", ["恛"] = "disordered; indistinct doubtful; blurred", ["恝"] = "indifferent", ["恟"] = "scared, nervous", ["恢"] = "to restore; to recover; great", ["恣"] = "throw off restraint", ["恤"] = "give relief; sympathy", ["恥"] = "shame; disgrace", ["恧"] = "ashamed", ["恨"] = "to hate; regret", ["恩"] = "kind act (from above)", ["恪"] = "''surname''; respectful", ["恫"] = "frighten", ["恬"] = "quiet, calm, tranquil, peaceful", ["恭"] = "respectful", ["息"] = "rest; news; interest; breath", ["恰"] = "exactly; just", ["恿"] = "", ["悁"] = "impatient; angry; sad", ["悃"] = "sincere", ["悄"] = "quiet; sad", ["悅"] = "pleased", ["悆"] = "happy", ["悉"] = "in all cases; know", ["悊"] = "wise. to know intuitively", ["悌"] = "do one's duty as a younger brother", ["悍"] = "violent", ["悐"] = "respect, regard; to stand in awe of, to be alarmed", ["悒"] = "anxiety; worry", ["悔"] = "regret", ["悖"] = "perverse; rebellious; to rebel", ["悚"] = "frightened", ["悛"] = "to reform", ["悜"] = "obscure", ["悝"] = "sad; laugh at", ["悟"] = "comprehend", ["悠"] = "at ease; long (in time); sad", ["患"] = "misfortune; suffer (from illness); trouble; danger; worry; to contract (a disease)", ["您"] = "(''polite'') you", ["悰"] = "joy", ["悱"] = "want but cannot speak", ["悲"] = "sad; sadness; sorrow; grief", ["悴"] = "haggard; sad; downcast; distressed", ["悵"] = "regretful; upset; despair; depressed", ["悶"] = "melancholy; smother; stuffy", ["悸"] = "afraid", ["悻"] = "angry", ["悼"] = "mourn; lament", ["悽"] = "sorrowful", ["悾"] = "simple-minded; sincere", ["惄"] = "distressed; famished", ["情"] = "feeling; emotion; passion; situation", ["惆"] = "forlorn; vexed; disappointed", ["惇"] = "kindhearted", ["惋"] = "regret, be sorry; alarmed", ["惌"] = "to bear a grudge against", ["惎"] = "injure; vilify", ["惏"] = "avaricious; greedy", ["惑"] = "confuse", ["惓"] = "earnest", ["惔"] = "cheerful", ["惕"] = "fearful; respectful", ["惘"] = "desolate", ["惙"] = "mournful; uncertain", ["惚"] = "indistinct", ["惛"] = "confused; forgetful; silly", ["惜"] = "pity; regret; rue; begrudge", ["惝"] = "disappointed", ["惟"] = "only; think", ["惠"] = "favour; kind act (from above)", ["惡"] = "evil; to hate; to loathe; nauseated", ["惦"] = "think of; remember; miss", ["惰"] = "lazy", ["惱"] = "get mad", ["惲"] = "''surname''", ["想"] = "to think; to believe; to suppose; to wish; to want; to miss", ["惴"] = "anxious; worried", ["惶"] = "frightened", ["惷"] = "blunt; stupid; to wiggle (of worms)", ["惸"] = "alone; desolate", ["惹"] = "to provoke; to exasperate; to annoy", ["惺"] = "tranquil; understand", ["惻"] = "sorrowful", ["愀"] = "change countenance; worry", ["愁"] = "worry about", ["愃"] = "well-being", ["愆"] = "fault; transgression", ["愈"] = "heal; the more...the more; to recover; better", ["愉"] = "pleased", ["愊"] = "melancholy; sincere", ["愍"] = "pity; sympathize", ["愎"] = "perverse; obstinate", ["意"] = "idea; meaning; wish; desire; Italy (abbrev.)", ["愐"] = "shy", ["愒"] = "to desire", ["愓"] = "profligate", ["愔"] = "peaceful; solemn", ["愕"] = "startled", ["愚"] = "stupid", ["愛"] = "to love; affection; to be fond of; to like", ["愜"] = "cheerful; satisfied", ["感"] = "to feel; to move; to touch; to affect", ["愣"] = "to look distracted; to stare blankly; distracted; stupefied; blank", ["愧"] = "ashamed", ["愨"] = "honest", ["愫"] = "guileless; sincere", ["愬"] = "complain; sue; tell", ["愮"] = "distressed, agitated", ["愴"] = "mournful; sad; grieved; sorry", ["愷"] = "joyful; kind", ["愾"] = "anger", ["愿"] = "sincere; willing", ["慁"] = "confused; dishonour", ["慄"] = "afraid; trembling", ["慅"] = "agitated", ["慆"] = "rejoice", ["慇"] = "solicitous", ["慈"] = "compassionate; gentle; merciful; kind; humane", ["慉"] = "to foster; to bear", ["慊"] = "contented; dissatisfied", ["態"] = "appearance; state; attitude; (''linguistics'') voice", ["慌"] = "to get panicky; to lose one's head", ["慍"] = "indignant; feel hurt", ["慎"] = "cautious", ["慕"] = "admire", ["慘"] = "miserable; wretched; cruel; inhuman; seriously; badly; tragic", ["慚"] = "ashamed", ["慝"] = "evil thought", ["慟"] = "grief", ["慢"] = "slow", ["慣"] = "accustomed to; used to", ["慥"] = "sincere", ["慧"] = "intelligent", ["慨"] = "generous; sad", ["慪"] = "annoyed", ["慫"] = "arouse", ["慬"] = "brave; cautious; sad", ["慮"] = "anxiety", ["慰"] = "reassure", ["慱"] = "sad", ["慳"] = "stingy", ["慴"] = "terrified", ["慵"] = "careless", ["慶"] = "celebrate", ["慷"] = "generous; magnanimous", ["慼"] = "ashamed; grief", ["慾"] = "desire; wish", ["憀"] = "to rely on", ["憂"] = "worried", ["憃"] = "foolish, stupid, dull, silly", ["憊"] = "exhausted", ["憋"] = "hold in (urine); to hold (breath); to choke; stifle; restrain; hold back", ["憍"] = "arrogant", ["憎"] = "detest", ["憐"] = "to pity", ["憑"] = "lean against; proof; to rely on; to depend on; to be based on", ["憒"] = "confused; troubled", ["憔"] = "haggard", ["憖"] = "injured; moreover; preferably", ["憚"] = "dread; fear; dislike", ["憝"] = "dislike; hate", ["憤"] = "indignant; anger; resentment", ["憧"] = "irresolute; unsettled", ["憨"] = "silly; simple-minded", ["憩"] = "to rest", ["憪"] = "composed, contented", ["憫"] = "sympathize; to pity", ["憬"] = "awaken", ["憭"] = "clear; intelligible; severe; cold", ["憮"] = "disappointed; startled", ["憯"] = "already; sorrowful", ["憲"] = "statute; constitution", ["憶"] = "remember", ["憸"] = "artful; flattering", ["憺"] = "peace", ["憾"] = "regret", ["懂"] = "to understand; to know", ["懃"] = "solicitous; thoughtful", ["懅"] = "bashful; ashamed", ["懆"] = "anxious; sad", ["懇"] = "earnest", ["懈"] = "lax; negligent", ["應"] = "to answer; to respond; ought", ["懊"] = "to regret", ["懋"] = "be great; exert the mind", ["懌"] = "pleased; rejoice", ["懍"] = "fear", ["懟"] = "dislike; hate", ["懠"] = "angry", ["懣"] = "melancholy", ["懤"] = "grieved, pained", ["懥"] = "enraged", ["懦"] = "imbecile; timid", ["懨"] = "contented; peaceful", ["懫"] = "enraged; resentful; to hate; to desist", ["懮"] = "grievous; relaxed", ["懰"] = "lovely; beautiful", ["懲"] = "punish; discipline", ["懵"] = "stupid", ["懶"] = "lazy", ["懷"] = "to think of; to cherish; mind; heart; bosom", ["懸"] = "hang; suspend", ["懺"] = "feel remorse; regret; repent", ["懼"] = "to fear", ["懽"] = "pleased", ["懾"] = "afraid; be feared; to fear; to frighten; to intimidate", ["懿"] = "restrain; virtuous", ["戀"] = "feel attached to; long for; love", ["戁"] = "stand in awe", ["戄"] = "fear; be in awe; sudden glance", ["戇"] = "simple; stupid", ["戈"] = "spear", ["戊"] = "5th [[heavenly stem]]", ["戌"] = "11th [[earthly branch]]; 7–9 p.m.", ["戍"] = "garrison", ["戎"] = "weapon", ["成"] = "finish; complete; accomplish; become; turn into; win; succeed; one tenth", ["我"] = "I; me", ["戒"] = "swear off; warn against", ["戔"] = "narrow; small", ["或"] = "maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or", ["戚"] = "get close to; relative; sorrow; battle-axe", ["戛"] = "a lance; standing alone", ["戟"] = "a lance with two points", ["戠"] = "a sword. potter's clay. to gather", ["戡"] = "kill; suppress", ["戢"] = "collect oneself; put away", ["戣"] = "a lance", ["戤"] = "infringe upon a trade mark", ["戥"] = "small steelyard for weighing money", ["戩"] = "carry to the utmost; to cut", ["截"] = "a section; cut off (a length)", ["戭"] = "spear", ["戮"] = "kill", ["戰"] = "to fight; fight; war; battle", ["戲"] = "trick; drama; play; show", ["戳"] = "poke; pierce; prick; wooden or rubber stamp or seal", ["戴"] = "to put on; to respect; to bear; to support; wear (glasses, hat, gloves)", ["戶"] = "a household; door; family", ["戺"] = "door pivot", ["戽"] = "water bucket for irrigation", ["戾"] = "do violence; go against", ["房"] = "house", ["所"] = "actually; place; (''nominalization prefix'')", ["扁"] = "flat; tablet; inscription; small boat", ["扃"] = "shut", ["扆"] = "''surname''; screen", ["扇"] = "fan; to fan; (a measure word for doors, windows, etc.)", ["扈"] = "retinue", ["扉"] = "door with only one leaf", ["扊"] = "upright bar for fastening a door", ["手"] = "hand; convenient; -er", ["才"] = "ability; talent; endowment; gift; an expert; only (then); only if; just", ["扎"] = "to prick; to run or stick (a needle, etc.) into; penetrating (as of cold); struggle; to tie; to bind", ["扐"] = "divination by straw", ["扑"] = "to rush at; to throw oneself on", ["扒"] = "climb; crawl; snatch; pull (out); to strip; hold on to; cling to; dig up; rake; push aside", ["打"] = "beat; strike; break; mix up; build; fight; fetch; make; tie up; issue; shoot; calculate; since; from; dozen", ["扔"] = "throw", ["托"] = "to hold in one's hand; to entrust; to support in one's palm", ["扛"] = "carry on one's shoulder; lift overhead with both hands", ["扞"] = "ward off, withstand, resist", ["扠"] = "to fork", ["扡"] = "drag along", ["扢"] = "sprightful; clean; to rub", ["扣"] = "10 percent; button; detain", ["扤"] = "to move; sway", ["扦"] = "graft (tree); stick in", ["扭"] = "to turn; to twist; to grab; to wring", ["扮"] = "to disguise oneself; to dress up; adorn", ["扯"] = "pull; tear; to talk casually", ["扱"] = "collect; receive", ["扳"] = "climb up; pull; to pull or draw (up or out)", ["扶"] = "to support with hand; to help someone up; to help", ["批"] = "to ascertain; (measure word for batches, lots); to act on; to criticize; to pass on", ["扻"] = "to strike; to run against; to throw, as a stone", ["扼"] = "hold (strategic position)", ["扽"] = "to move, to shake", ["找"] = "to try to find; to look for; to call on (someone); to find; to seek; to return", ["承"] = "to bear; to carry; to hold; to continue; to undertake; to take charge; owing to; due to; to receive", ["技"] = "skill", ["抃"] = "strike; tap", ["抄"] = "to copy; to plagiarize; to search and seize; to go; to transcribe; to take a shortcut; to search and confiscate", ["抆"] = "wipe", ["抈"] = "to bend", ["抉"] = "dig; pick", ["把"] = "handle; (a measure word); (marker for direct-object); to hold; to contain; to grasp; to take hold of", ["抌"] = "to bale out water, to dip", ["抑"] = "to restrain; to restrict; to keep down; or", ["抒"] = "to strain; pour out", ["抓"] = "to grab; to catch; to arrest; to snatch", ["抔"] = "take up in both hands", ["投"] = "to throw; to send", ["抖"] = "shake out; tremble", ["抗"] = "to resist; to fight; to defy", ["折"] = "tenth (in price); to break; to fold; to turn; broken (as of rope, stick)", ["抨"] = "attack; impeach", ["披"] = "scatter; separate; to open; to unroll; to spread out", ["抬"] = "to lift; to raise; (of two or more persons) to carry", ["抱"] = "to hold; to carry (in one's arms); to hug or embrace; surround; cherish", ["抵"] = "hold up; on the whole; push against; to support; to resist; to reach; to arrive; mortgage", ["抶"] = "beat; flog", ["抹"] = "girdle; brassiere; to plaster; play; to smear", ["抻"] = "pull", ["押"] = "detain in custody", ["抽"] = "to draw out; to smoke (cigarettes); to pump", ["抿"] = "purse up (lips); to smooth", ["拂"] = "brush away", ["拄"] = "post; prop", ["拆"] = "to tear open; to tear down; to tear apart; to open", ["拇"] = "thumb", ["拉"] = "to pull; to play (string instruments); to drag; to draw", ["拊"] = "pat", ["拋"] = "to throw; to toss; to fling; to cast; to abandon", ["拌"] = "to mix; mix in; to toss (a salad)", ["拍"] = "to clap; to pat; to beat; to hit; to slap; to take (a picture)", ["拎"] = "to haul; to lift; to take", ["拏"] = "apprehend; take", ["拐"] = "kidnap; to turn", ["拑"] = "pliers; pincers; to clamp", ["拒"] = "to resist; to repel; to refuse", ["拓"] = "expand; support on palm; to develop; to open up; make rubbing", ["拔"] = "pull up; pull out; select; promote", ["拖"] = "dragging (brush stroke in painting); to drag along", ["拗"] = "stubborn; contrary; bend; break in two", ["拘"] = "adhere; capture; restrain", ["拙"] = "awkward; clumsy; dull; inelegant; (polite) my", ["拚"] = "stake all; disregard; reject", ["招"] = "provoke; to recruit", ["拜"] = "to pay respect; worship; visit; salute", ["拫"] = "to pull; to drag; to stop", ["括"] = "enclose; include", ["拭"] = "wipe", ["拯"] = "to raise; to aid; to support; to save; to rescue", ["拱"] = "fold hands in salute; to arch", ["拳"] = "fist", ["拴"] = "tie up", ["拶"] = "punish by squeezing fingers", ["拷"] = "to beat; to flog; to examine by torture", ["拼"] = "piece together; stake (all); spell; join together", ["拽"] = "throw; drag", ["拾"] = "pick up; ten (fraud-proof)", ["拿"] = "to hold; to seize; to catch; to apprehend; to take", ["持"] = "to grasp; to hold; support; manage; direct; maintain", ["挂"] = "hang; suspend", ["指"] = "finger; to point; to direct; to indicate", ["挈"] = "pull out; take family along", ["按"] = "to press (with the hand); to push; to control; to restrain; to check; pressing down (brush movement in painting); according to; in the light of", ["挌"] = "fight", ["挍"] = "compare; criticize", ["挎"] = "carry on one's arm; carry over one's shoulder or slung on one's side", ["挐"] = "apprehend; take", ["挑"] = "incite; carry on a pole; choose", ["挓"] = "to open out; to expand", ["挖"] = "to dig; to excavate; to scoop out", ["挨"] = "next to; suffer (hunger); endure; drag out; delay; stall; play for time; lean to; in order; in sequence", ["挪"] = "to shift; to move", ["挫"] = "be obstructed; fail; oppress; repress; lower the tone; bend back; dampen", ["振"] = "rouse", ["挲"] = "to stroke; to caress; to fondle", ["挶"] = "structure for carrying dirt", ["挹"] = "give up; ladle out; pour out", ["挺"] = "be straight and stiff; rather (good)", ["挽"] = "draw; pull; send funeral ode", ["挾"] = "clasp under the arm; coerce; hold between", ["捂"] = "to cover; to block; to resist", ["捃"] = "gather; to sort", ["捄"] = "to rescue", ["捅"] = "poke through", ["捆"] = "a bunch; tie together; bundle", ["捉"] = "to clutch; to grab; to capture", ["捋"] = "strip (cow, leaves, branch); stroke (beard)", ["捌"] = "complicated form of the numeral eight; split; (''Min'') to know", ["捍"] = "ward off (a blow)", ["捎"] = "bring or take (along)", ["捏"] = "to pinch (with one's fingers); to knead; to make up", ["捐"] = "to contribute; to donate; tax; to abandon", ["捕"] = "to catch; to seize; to capture", ["捗"] = "make progress", ["捘"] = "push", ["捥"] = "to bend the wrist", ["捧"] = "hold or offer with both hands", ["捨"] = "give up; abandon", ["捩"] = "tear; twist", ["捫"] = "lay hands on; to cover", ["捭"] = "weed; spread out; to open", ["捱"] = "dawdle; suffer", ["捲"] = "coil; to roll", ["捶"] = "beat with the fist; to hammer; to cudgel", ["捷"] = "victory; triumph; quick; prompt; rapid", ["捺"] = "(downwards-right concave character stroke); press down firmly", ["捻"] = "twirl (in the fingers)", ["捼"] = "to rub; to crumple", ["捽"] = "seize", ["掀"] = "lift (cover)", ["掂"] = "weigh in the hand", ["掃"] = "broom; to sweep", ["掄"] = "select; whirl (one's arm)", ["掇"] = "pick up", ["授"] = "to teach; to instruct; to award; to give", ["掉"] = "to drop; to fall", ["掊"] = "break up; hit; take up in both hands", ["掌"] = "palm (of hand); in charge of", ["掎"] = "drag", ["掏"] = "fish out (from pocket)", ["掐"] = "pick (flowers); to pinch", ["排"] = "row of logs or boards; a platoon; line up", ["掔"] = "lead along; substantial", ["掖"] = "tuck (in)", ["掗"] = "attach; brandish; hold", ["掘"] = "dig", ["掙"] = "to earn; to make (money); struggle", ["掛"] = "to hang; to put up; to suspend", ["掞"] = "easy; quiet", ["掠"] = "plunder", ["採"] = "to pick; to pluck; to collect; to select; to choose; to gather", ["探"] = "to explore; to search out; to scout; to visit", ["掣"] = "pull; obstruct; hinder; draw", ["掤"] = "arrow-quiver", ["接"] = "to extend; to connect; to receive; to join", ["控"] = "to accuse; to charge; to control; to sue", ["推"] = "push; refuse (responsibility); shove", ["掩"] = "cover up; to surprise", ["措"] = "put in order; arrange; administer; execute; take action on", ["掫"] = "beat the night watches; grasp", ["掮"] = "carry on shoulders", ["掯"] = "take by force", ["掰"] = "to break with both hands", ["掱"] = "pickpocket", ["掽"] = "meet with; to bump", ["掾"] = "official", ["揀"] = "choose; pick up", ["揃"] = "shear", ["揄"] = "draw out; let hanging", ["揅"] = "grind fine; study; research", ["揆"] = "consider; estimate", ["揉"] = "knead; massage; rub", ["揌"] = "to shake", ["揍"] = "beat up; break to pieces", ["揎"] = "pull up sleeves; strike with fists", ["描"] = "depict; to trace (a drawing); to copy; to touch up", ["提"] = "to carry; to lift; to put forward; (upwards character stroke); lifting (brush stroke in painting); to mention; carry (suspended)", ["插"] = "insert; stick in; pierce; to take part in; to interfere; to interpose", ["揕"] = "to hit; to thrust", ["揖"] = "greet (by raising the joined hands)", ["揗"] = "strike, hit with hand; tap", ["揚"] = "hurl; to raise; to scatter", ["換"] = "change; exchange", ["揜"] = "cover up; to surprise", ["揝"] = "to hold in the hand, to grasp; to wring", ["揠"] = "eradicate; pull up", ["握"] = "shake hands; to hold; to grasp", ["揣"] = "estimate; guess; figure; surmise; put into", ["揥"] = "get rid of; ivory hairpin", ["揩"] = "wipe", ["揪"] = "to clutch", ["揫"] = "gather; collect", ["揭"] = "lift off (a cover); divulge", ["揮"] = "scatter; wield; wipe away", ["揰"] = "poke out; punch; push into", ["揲"] = "sort out divining stalks", ["援"] = "to help; to assist; to aid", ["揵"] = "carry", ["揹"] = "carry on one's back", ["搆"] = "implicate; reach to", ["搉"] = "consult; knock; beat", ["搊"] = "pluck (stringed instrument)", ["搌"] = "bind; wipe", ["損"] = "to damage; injure; to lose; to harm", ["搎"] = "to rub with the hand; to stroke", ["搏"] = "fight; combat; seize", ["搐"] = "lead; pull", ["搒"] = "boat; to whip", ["搓"] = "to rub or roll between the hands or fingers; to twist", ["搔"] = "disturb; to scratch", ["搕"] = "to strike; to take in the hand", ["搖"] = "shake; to rock", ["搗"] = "pound; beat; hull; attack; disturb; stir", ["搘"] = "prop up", ["搜"] = "to search", ["搞"] = "to do; to make; to go in for; to set up; to get hold of; to take care of", ["搠"] = "daub; thrust", ["搡"] = "push back; push over", ["搢"] = "shake; stick into; strike", ["搤"] = "hold (strategic position)", ["搥"] = "beat with the fist; to hammer", ["搦"] = "take hold", ["搧"] = "to fan", ["搨"] = "make rubbing", ["搪"] = "keep out", ["搬"] = "remove; transport; move; shift", ["搭"] = "build (scaffolding); take (boat, train); hang; join; match; take passage", ["搯"] = "fish out (from pocket)", ["搰"] = "dig; mix", ["搴"] = "seize", ["搵"] = "press with finger; wipe", ["搶"] = "fight over; to rush; to scramble; to grab; to rob; to snatch; against wind", ["搷"] = "to beat; to winnow", ["搽"] = "apply (ointment, powder); smear; paint on", ["搾"] = "oppress; to extract", ["搿"] = "to hug", ["摀"] = "(v) seal up; muffle", ["摁"] = "to press (with finger)", ["摎"] = "to strangle; to inquire into", ["摑"] = "to slap", ["摒"] = "arrange; drive off; expel", ["摔"] = "throw on ground; to fall", ["摘"] = "to borrow; to pick (flowers, fruit); to pluck; to take; to select", ["摙"] = "to transport; to remove to take", ["摛"] = "to spread (fame); wield (pen)", ["摜"] = "fling; smash", ["摞"] = "pile up", ["摟"] = "to hug; to embrace; graft (money); solicit; to gather; to collect", ["摠"] = "general; in every case; to hold", ["摦"] = "wide; broad", ["摧"] = "break; destroy; devastate; ravage; repress", ["摩"] = "rub", ["摭"] = "pick up; to select", ["摮"] = "to rattle; to shake; to smite", ["摯"] = "sincere", ["摰"] = "to seize with the hand; to grasp. to advance. to breakdown", ["摲"] = "to cut down; mow", ["摳"] = "dig out (with finger); stingy", ["摴"] = "dice; gambling; to release", ["摶"] = "roll round with hand", ["摷"] = "to knock; strike", ["摸"] = "feel with the hand; to touch; to stroke; to grope; to feel (one's pulse); imitate; copy", ["摹"] = "imitate; copy", ["摺"] = "folded document; to fold", ["摻"] = "to grasp; mix", ["摽"] = "to fall; sign; to signal", ["撂"] = "to leave (it)", ["撅"] = "break off; stick up (as a tail)", ["撇"] = "(downwards-left curved character stroke); throw; cast away", ["撈"] = "fish up", ["撊"] = "valiant; wrathful", ["撋"] = "to rub between the hands", ["撏"] = "pull out, pluck; take hold of", ["撐"] = "support; prop-up; to pole a boat; to open; to overfill", ["撒"] = "to scatter; let go", ["撓"] = "to scratch", ["撕"] = "to tear", ["撙"] = "regulate; restrain", ["撚"] = "twirl (in the fingers)", ["撝"] = "wave, brandish; modest, humble", ["撞"] = "to hit; to strike; to meet by accident; to run into; to bump against; to bump into", ["撟"] = "correct", ["撢"] = "to dust", ["撣"] = "brush away; dust off; a brush or duster; to dust", ["撤"] = "remove; take away; withdraw", ["撥"] = "to push aside; to appropriate (money); to move; to set aside; group; batch; to poke; to stir", ["撦"] = "to tear; pull at", ["撩"] = "stitch; take; tease; lift up (skirt); pull up (sleeve)", ["撫"] = "to comfort; touch gently with hand", ["撬"] = "to lift", ["播"] = "sow; scatter; spread; broadcast", ["撮"] = "bring together; little bit; shovel; gather up; pick", ["撰"] = "compose; compile", ["撱"] = "clip; shorten; throw away", ["撲"] = "rush on", ["撳"] = "to press", ["撻"] = "flog; rapid", ["撼"] = "shake; to incite", ["撾"] = "beat", ["撿"] = "pick up; collect; gather", ["擁"] = "(v) gather round; rush in; crowd; throng; to hold; crowded; to support", ["擂"] = "beat (a drum); beat; to grind", ["擄"] = "take captive", ["擅"] = "usurp; without authority", ["擇"] = "pick over; to select; to choose; to pick", ["擉"] = "to pierce; to break through", ["擊"] = "to hit; to strike; to break", ["擋"] = "arrange; put in order; hinder; resist; obstruct; cover; keep off; a cover; to block (a blow); to get in the way of", ["操"] = "to hold; to drill; to exercise; to act; to do; to take in hand; to keep; to manage", ["擎"] = "to raise (hand)", ["擐"] = "pass through; to get into (armour)", ["擒"] = "capture", ["擔"] = "to carry on shoulder; to undertake; shoulder pole; burden; load; responsibility; picul (133.33 lbs.)", ["擖"] = "scrape", ["擗"] = "to beat the breast", ["擘"] = "thumb; break; tear; pierce; split; to analyse", ["據"] = "according to; to act in accordance with; to depend on; to seize; to occupy", ["擠"] = "crowded; to squeeze", ["擢"] = "pull out; select", ["擣"] = "stir; to pound", ["擤"] = "blow nose", ["擦"] = "to wipe; to erase; rubbing (brush stroke in painting); to clean; to polish", ["擩"] = "to stain, to dye", ["擫"] = "to press down", ["擬"] = "plan to", ["擭"] = "trap", ["擯"] = "reject; expel; discard; exclude; renounce", ["擰"] = "mistake; to twist; stubborn; to pinch; wring", ["擱"] = "to place", ["擲"] = "toss", ["擴"] = "enlarge", ["擷"] = "collect", ["擸"] = "to hold, to grasp; to hold the hair; to pull at", ["擺"] = "pendulum; to place; to display; to swing; to oscillate; to show; to move; to exhibit", ["擻"] = "shake; trembling", ["擽"] = "tickle; ticklish, funny", ["擾"] = "disturb", ["擿"] = "to select, to pick out from, to discard", ["攀"] = "climb up; pull", ["攃"] = "preceding", ["攄"] = "set forth; to spread", ["攆"] = "expel", ["攏"] = "collect; draw near to", ["攔"] = "cut off; hinder", ["攖"] = "oppose; to attack", ["攘"] = "throw into confusion", ["攙"] = "assist by the arm; mix; support; sustain", ["攛"] = "rush; stir up; throw; fling; hurry; rage", ["攜"] = "to carry; to take along; to bring along; to hold (hands)", ["攝"] = "assist; collect; absorb", ["攢"] = "collect; hoard; bring together", ["攣"] = "twisted; bent; crooked; cramped", ["攤"] = "spread out; vendor's stand", ["攩"] = "hinder; resist", ["攪"] = "to disturb; to annoy; to mix; to stir", ["攫"] = "seize (bird or animal)", ["攬"] = "monopolize; seize", ["攮"] = "to fend off; to stab", ["支"] = "(a measure word); to support; to sustain; to erect; to raise; branch; division; to draw money", ["攲"] = "up; uneven", ["收"] = "to receive; to accept; to collect; in care of (used on address line after name)", ["攷"] = "examine", ["攸"] = "distant, far; adverbial prefix", ["改"] = "to change; to alter; to transform; to correct", ["攻"] = "to attack; to accuse; to study", ["放"] = "to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out", ["政"] = "political; politics; government", ["敁"] = "to weigh in the hand, to estimate; to shake", ["敃"] = "strong; robust; vigorous", ["故"] = "happening; instance; reason; cause; deceased; old", ["效"] = "effect; efficacy; imitate", ["敉"] = "peaceful", ["敏"] = "keen; sensitive", ["救"] = "to save; to assist; to rescue", ["敔"] = "(ancient mus. instr.)", ["敕"] = "imperial orders", ["敖"] = "ramble", ["敗"] = "be defeated; to defeat; loss", ["敘"] = "narrate", ["教"] = "teach; teaching; religion", ["敜"] = "to fill up or cover up a hole", ["敝"] = "(polite) my; poor; ruined; shabby; worn out; defeated", ["敞"] = "spacious; uncovered", ["敢"] = "dare", ["散"] = "adjourn; scatter; leisurely; loosen; powdered medicine; to scatter; to come loose", ["敦"] = "kindhearted; place name", ["敧"] = "to pick up thing with chopsticks or pincers.", ["敪"] = "to weigh; cut; come without being invited", ["敬"] = "to respect; to venerate; to salute; to offer", ["敲"] = "extort; knock; to strike; to knock (at a door); to hit", ["敳"] = "able (in administrating)", ["整"] = "exactly; in good order; whole; complete; entire; in order; orderly", ["敵"] = "enemy; match", ["敷"] = "announce; apply", ["數"] = "number; figure; to count; to calculate; several; frequently; repeatedly", ["敹"] = "keep tidy and repaired; sew", ["敺"] = "expel; urge on", ["敻"] = "''surname''", ["敿"] = "tie up (laces)", ["斁"] = "be weary of", ["斂"] = "arrange; control oneself; gather", ["斃"] = "die violently", ["文"] = "language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle", ["斌"] = "ornamental; refined", ["斐"] = "''phonetic''; ''surname''; elegant", ["斑"] = "variegated", ["斒"] = "variegated; striped; marbled", ["斕"] = "variegated; particoloured", ["斗"] = "ladle; dipper; small; big; stars", ["料"] = "material; stuff; grain; feed; to expect; to anticipate; to guess", ["斛"] = "5 pecks (M)", ["斜"] = "slanting", ["斝"] = "jade cup with ears", ["斞"] = "a stack of grain; a measure of 16 dou3", ["斟"] = "pour; to deliberate", ["斠"] = "to measure", ["斡"] = "to turn", ["斢"] = "to plunder", ["斤"] = "catty; weight equal to 0.5 kg", ["斥"] = "blame; reprove; reprimand", ["斧"] = "hatchet", ["斨"] = "axe", ["斫"] = "chop; carve wood", ["斬"] = "behead; chop", ["斮"] = "cut off", ["斯"] = "''phonetic''; this", ["新"] = "new; newly; meso- (chem.)", ["斲"] = "chop; carve wood", ["斷"] = "to break; to judge; absolutely; decidedly", ["斸"] = "cut", ["方"] = "square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just", ["於"] = "in; at; to; from; by; than; out of; ''surname''", ["施"] = "distribute (alms); to do; to execute; to carry out", ["斿"] = "scallops along lower edge of flag", ["旁"] = "beside; one side; other; side; self", ["旂"] = "flag", ["旃"] = "felt; silken banner", ["旄"] = "aged; banner decorated with animal's tail", ["旅"] = "trip; travel", ["旆"] = "pennant; streamer", ["旋"] = "lathe; specially for an occasion; revolve", ["旌"] = "banner; make manifest", ["族"] = "race; nationality; ethnicity; clan", ["旐"] = "banner", ["旒"] = "tassel", ["旓"] = "serrated edges on a Chinese flag", ["旗"] = "banner; flag", ["旛"] = "pennant", ["旝"] = "banner, flag, streamer; insignia", ["旟"] = "banner with falcons; mussed up hair", ["旡"] = "choke on something eaten", ["既"] = "already; since; both... (and...)", ["日"] = "day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.)", ["旦"] = "dawn; morning; day-break; day", ["旨"] = "imperial decree; purport; aim; purpose", ["早"] = "early; morning", ["旬"] = "ten days; ten years", ["旭"] = "dawn; rising sun", ["旰"] = "sunset; evening", ["旱"] = "drought; dry", ["旴"] = "dawn", ["旺"] = "prosperous; flourishing; to prosper; to flourish", ["旻"] = "heaven", ["旼"] = "gentle and affable", ["旽"] = "morning sun, sunrise", ["昀"] = "sun light; used in personal name", ["昂"] = "high; soaring; raise; lift; expensive; to raise one's head", ["昃"] = "afternoon; decline", ["昄"] = "great; expansive", ["昆"] = "descendant; elder brother", ["昇"] = "ascend; peaceful", ["昉"] = "dawn; to begin", ["昊"] = "clear summer sky; vast", ["昌"] = "prosperous; flourish", ["明"] = "clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty", ["昏"] = "muddle-headed; twilight; to faint; to lose consciousness", ["昑"] = "bright", ["易"] = "change; easy; simple", ["昔"] = "past; former", ["昕"] = "dawn", ["昜"] = "to open out, to expand; bright, glorious", ["昝"] = "(a dual pronoun) you and me, we two", ["星"] = "star; satellite; small amount", ["映"] = "reflect; shine", ["昡"] = "long day; extended; relaxed", ["昤"] = "sunshine", ["春"] = "spring (time); gay; joyful; youthful; love; lust; life", ["昧"] = "conceal; dark", ["昨"] = "yesterday", ["昫"] = "warm", ["昭"] = "illustrious; manifest", ["是"] = "be; yes; this", ["昱"] = "bright light", ["昳"] = "the declining sun in the west", ["昴"] = "the Pleiades", ["昵"] = "familiar; to approach", ["昶"] = "bright; long day", ["昺"] = "bright; glorious", ["晁"] = "''surname''", ["時"] = "o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period", ["晃"] = "sway; to shade; dazzle", ["晅"] = "light of the sun; to dry in the sun", ["晉"] = "to advance; to be promoted; name of a dynasty and state", ["晌"] = "around noon", ["晏"] = "late; quiet", ["晒"] = "to sun", ["晚"] = "evening; night; late", ["晛"] = "to appear (of sun)", ["晜"] = "descendant; elder brother", ["晝"] = "daytime", ["晞"] = "dawn; dry in the sun", ["晟"] = "brightness of sun; splendour", ["晡"] = "3–5 p.m.", ["晢"] = "bright", ["晤"] = "meet (socially)", ["晥"] = "Anhui province", ["晦"] = "dark; night; unlucky", ["晨"] = "morning; dawn; daybreak", ["晬"] = "1st birthday of a child", ["普"] = "general; popular; everywhere; universal", ["景"] = "bright; circumstance; scenery", ["晰"] = "understanding", ["晴"] = "clear; fine (weather)", ["晶"] = "crystal", ["晷"] = "sunlight; time; sundial", ["智"] = "wisdom; knowledge", ["晾"] = "to dry in the air", ["暄"] = "genial and warm", ["暇"] = "leisure", ["暈"] = "dizzy; ring around moon or sun; confused; giddy; faint; swoon; lose consciousness; pass out", ["暉"] = "bright; radiant", ["暋"] = "strong; vigorous", ["暌"] = "in opposition to; separated from", ["暍"] = "hot", ["暐"] = "the bright shining of the sun", ["暑"] = "heat; hot weather; summer heat", ["暔"] = "name of a country", ["暖"] = "warm; toasty", ["暗"] = "dark; gloomy; hidden; secret", ["暘"] = "rising sun; sunshine", ["暝"] = "(''Southern Min'') night", ["暠"] = "daybreak; bright and brilliant", ["暢"] = "smooth; fluent; joyful; happy", ["暨"] = "and; reach to; the end", ["暫"] = "temporary; temporarily", ["暮"] = "evening; dusk; sunset; (''of time'') late; closing", ["暱"] = "familiar; to approach", ["暲"] = "bright; to rise (of sun)", ["暴"] = "sudden; violent; cruel; to show or expose; to injure", ["暵"] = "dry; hot", ["暸"] = "bright, clear", ["暹"] = "Siam", ["暻"] = "bright", ["暾"] = "sun above the horizon", ["曀"] = "obscure; sun hidden by clouds", ["曄"] = "bright light; to sparkle", ["曆"] = "calendar", ["曇"] = "dark clouds", ["曈"] = "sun about to rise", ["曉"] = "dawn; to know; to tell (someone something)", ["曏"] = "formerly", ["曖"] = "obscure; clandestine", ["曙"] = "dawn; the dawn of a new epoch (metaphor)", ["曚"] = "before day break", ["曛"] = "twilight; sunset", ["曜"] = "dazzle; glorious", ["曝"] = "to air; to sun", ["曠"] = "waste; wilderness", ["曦"] = "light of day", ["曨"] = "bright", ["曩"] = "in former times", ["曬"] = "to sun", ["曰"] = "to speak; to say", ["曲"] = "tune; song; bent; crooked; wrong", ["曳"] = "drag", ["更"] = "to change; more; even more; further; still; still more", ["曷"] = "why; how; when; what; where", ["書"] = "book; letter", ["曹"] = "a company; a class; a generation; ''surname''", ["曼"] = "handsome; large; long", ["曾"] = "(refers to something that happened previously); already; at some time in the past; before; once; great-grand (father)", ["替"] = "to substitute for; to take the place of; to replace; for; on behalf of; to stand in for", ["最"] = "(the) most; -est", ["朁"] = "if, supposing, nevertheless", ["會"] = "to meet; to gather; group; to assemble; association; be able to; be likely to; to balance an account; accounting", ["朅"] = "to leave; abandon", ["月"] = "moon; month", ["有"] = "to have; there is; there are; to exist; to be", ["朊"] = "protein", ["朋"] = "friend", ["服"] = "clothes; dress; garment; submit; take (medicine)", ["朏"] = "crescent moon", ["朐"] = "''surname''", ["朓"] = "scorch; western moon before sunrise", ["朔"] = "beginning; first day of lunar month", ["朕"] = "I; we (imperial use); subtle", ["朗"] = "clear; bright", ["朘"] = "wane, reduce, contract; exploit", ["望"] = "hope; expect; to visit; to gaze (into the distance); look towards; towards", ["朝"] = "morning; to face; towards; facing; direct; a dynasty; the imperial court; Korea, esp. N. Korea (abbrev.)", ["期"] = "a period of time; phase; stage; (used for issue of a periodical, courses of study); time; term; period; to hope", ["朠"] = "colour of the moon", ["朢"] = "15th day of month (lunar calendar)", ["朣"] = "light from the rising moon", ["朦"] = "deceive; indistinct", ["朧"] = "rising moon", ["木"] = "tree; wood", ["未"] = "not yet; 8th [[earthly branch]]; 1–3 p.m.", ["末"] = "end; final stage; latter part", ["本"] = "roots or stems of plants; origin; source; this; the current; root; foundation; basis; (a measure word)", ["札"] = "short note", ["朱"] = "''surname''; vermilion", ["朳"] = "tree", ["朴"] = "Celtis sinensis var. japonica", ["朵"] = "''classifier for flowers''", ["机"] = "machine; opportunity; secret", ["朽"] = "rotten", ["朾"] = "to bump", ["朿"] = "stab", ["杅"] = "bowl; tub", ["杆"] = "measure for guns; pole", ["杇"] = "to plaster; whitewash", ["杈"] = "branches of a tree; fork of a tree; pitchfork", ["杉"] = "(pine); fir", ["杌"] = "low stool", ["李"] = "''surname''; plum", ["杏"] = "apricot", ["材"] = "material", ["村"] = "village", ["杓"] = "ladle; (star)", ["杕"] = "lone-standing tree", ["杖"] = "cane, walking stick", ["杗"] = "ridge-pole in roof", ["杙"] = "post for tethering animals", ["杜"] = "fabricate; restrict; to prevent", ["杝"] = "(tree)", ["杞"] = "(willow); name of a feudal state", ["束"] = "bunch; (a measure word); to bind; to control", ["杠"] = "carrying pole; horizontal bar; footbridge", ["杪"] = "the limit; tip of branch", ["杭"] = "''surname''; Hangzhou", ["杯"] = "drinkware; cup; glass", ["杰"] = "hero; heroic", ["東"] = "east", ["杲"] = "high; sun shines brightly; to shine", ["杳"] = "dark and quiet; disappear", ["杴"] = "(iron) shovel", ["杵"] = "pestle; to poke", ["杶"] = "(tree)", ["杸"] = "to kill; a spear", ["杻"] = "handcuffs; red apricot", ["杼"] = "shuttle of a loom", ["松"] = "pine", ["板"] = "board; plank; plate; slab", ["枉"] = "in the wrong; in vain", ["枋"] = "Santalum album", ["枌"] = "(tree)", ["析"] = "to separate; to divide; to analyse", ["枒"] = "the coconut tree; rim", ["枓"] = "square base for Chinese flagstaff", ["枕"] = "pillow", ["林"] = "woods; forest", ["枘"] = "tenon; tool handle", ["枙"] = "tree knot", ["枚"] = "''classifier for small objects''", ["果"] = "fruit; result", ["枝"] = "branch; (a measure word)", ["枟"] = "wood streaks", ["枯"] = "withered; dried up", ["枰"] = "chess-like game", ["枲"] = "male nettle-hemp", ["枳"] = "(orange); hedge thorn", ["枴"] = "cane", ["枵"] = "empty; hollow of a tree", ["架"] = "to support; frame; rack; framework; measure word for planes, large vehicles, radios, etc.", ["枷"] = "cangue", ["枸"] = "{{taxlink|Hovenia acerba|species}}; ''[[Piper betle]]''", ["枹"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glandulifera|species}}", ["枻"] = "oar; stand for correcting a bow", ["柁"] = "main beam of roof", ["柂"] = "(tree)", ["柃"] = "{{taxlink|Eurya japonica|species}}", ["柄"] = "authority; handle; hilt", ["柅"] = "(tree); to stop", ["柈"] = "plate", ["柎"] = "calyx of flower", ["柏"] = "cypress; cedar; ''surname''", ["某"] = "(used before measure word and noun) some; (a) certain; so and so", ["柑"] = "large tangerine", ["柒"] = "seven (fraud-proof); (''Cantonese'') penis", ["染"] = "to catch (a disease); dye", ["柔"] = "soft", ["柘"] = "{{taxlink|Cudrania tricuspidata|species}}", ["柙"] = "cage; pen; scabbard", ["柚"] = "pomelo; shaddock", ["柜"] = "{{taxlink|Salix multinervis|species}}; cupboard; cabinet; wardrobe", ["柝"] = "watchman's rattle", ["柞"] = "{{vern|jolcham oak}} ({{taxlink|Quercus serrata|species}})", ["柟"] = "{{taxlink|Machilus nanmu|species}}", ["柢"] = "foundation; root", ["柣"] = "threshold", ["柤"] = "(hawthorn); {{taxlink|Chaenomeles japonica|species}}", ["查"] = "to research; to check; to investigate; to examine; to refer to; to search", ["柩"] = "bier", ["柬"] = "card; note; letter", ["柮"] = "wood scraps", ["柯"] = "handle of axe; stem", ["柰"] = "crab-apple; how can one help", ["柱"] = "pillar", ["柲"] = "weapon handle of bamboo strips", ["柳"] = "willow", ["柴"] = "firewood", ["柵"] = "fence", ["柶"] = "spoon; ladle", ["柷"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["柸"] = "to hate; bear grudge", ["柺"] = "old man's staff", ["柿"] = "persimmon", ["栒"] = "cross bar", ["栓"] = "bottle stopper; wooden pin; plug", ["栔"] = "carve; cut", ["栖"] = "to roost; to inhabit; to stay; habitat", ["栗"] = "chestnut", ["栝"] = "{{taxlink|Juniperus chinensis|species}}; measuring-frame", ["栟"] = "{{taxlink|Trachycarpus excelsa|species}}", ["校"] = "school; proofread; to check; to compare", ["栩"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus serrata|species}} ({{vern|jolcham oak}})", ["株"] = "(a measure word, use with plants); trunk of tree", ["栫"] = "fence; palisade", ["栭"] = "tree mushroom", ["栱"] = "post", ["栲"] = "mangrove", ["栳"] = "basket", ["栵"] = "hedge", ["核"] = "nuclear; atomic; stone (of fruit)", ["根"] = "radical (chem.); root; basis", ["栻"] = "(tree)", ["格"] = "frame; rule", ["栽"] = "to force; to stick in; to plant", ["桀"] = "(emperor of Xia dynasty); cruel", ["桁"] = "pole plate; purlin; ridge-pole", ["桂"] = "''[[Cinnamomum cassia]]''; Guangxi Autonomous Region (abbrev.)", ["桃"] = "peach", ["桄"] = "rung of ladder; {{taxlink|Arenga saccharifera|species}}", ["桅"] = "mast", ["框"] = "frame; door frame", ["案"] = "(legal) case; incident; record; file; table", ["桉"] = "{{taxlink|Eucalyptus globulus|species}}", ["桋"] = "(tree)", ["桌"] = "table", ["桎"] = "fetters", ["桐"] = "tung tree", ["桑"] = "mulberry tree", ["桓"] = "''surname''; {{taxlink|Sapindus mukurosi|species}}", ["桔"] = "tangerine; ''[[Platycodon grandiflorus]]''", ["桫"] = "''[[Stewartia pseudocamellia]]''", ["桭"] = "eaves; space between two pillars", ["桮"] = "cup", ["桯"] = "bed side stand", ["桲"] = "quince", ["桴"] = "beam; rafter", ["桶"] = "pail; bucket; bin; barrel", ["桷"] = "rafter; {{taxlink|Malus toringo|species}}", ["桹"] = "(palm)", ["桿"] = "stick; pole", ["梁"] = "beam of roof; bridge", ["梃"] = "a club (weapon)", ["梅"] = "plum flower", ["梆"] = "watchman's rattle", ["梊"] = "squeeze out of; extract", ["梏"] = "braces (med.); fetters; manacles", ["梐"] = "stockade", ["梓"] = "{{taxlink|Catalpa kaempferi|species}}", ["梔"] = "gardenia", ["梗"] = "stem", ["梜"] = "chopstick", ["條"] = "measure word for long, thin things (i.e. ribbon, river, etc.); a strip; item; article", ["梟"] = "brave; owl; {{taxlink|Strix uralensis|species}}", ["梠"] = "beam at the eaves", ["梡"] = "(tree); stand for sacrifice", ["梢"] = "tip of branch", ["梧"] = "{{taxlink|Sterculia platanifolia|species}}", ["梨"] = "pear", ["梩"] = "basket for removing earth; spade", ["梭"] = "shuttle", ["梯"] = "ladder", ["械"] = "tools", ["梱"] = "movable door sill", ["梲"] = "club (weapon); small pillar", ["梳"] = "comb", ["梴"] = "length (of a tree or beam); long", ["梵"] = "Brahma; Sanskrit", ["棄"] = "abandon; relinquish; to discard; to throw away", ["棉"] = "cotton", ["棋"] = "any chess-like game or game requiring strategy", ["棍"] = "stick", ["棐"] = "to strengthen; ''[[Torreya grandis]]''", ["棑"] = "raft; shield; stern of junk", ["棒"] = "a stick; club or cudgel; smart; capable; strong", ["棕"] = "palm tree; palm fibre; brown colour", ["棖"] = "door post", ["棗"] = "jujube", ["棘"] = "thorns", ["棚"] = "shed", ["棜"] = "tray for carrying sacrificial meats", ["棟"] = "roof beam", ["棠"] = "cherry-apple", ["棣"] = "[[Kerria japonica]]", ["棧"] = "warehouse", ["棨"] = "tally for going through a pass", ["棪"] = "(tree)", ["棫"] = "(oak); thorny shrub", ["棬"] = "bowl", ["森"] = "of trees, many", ["棯"] = "jujube tree", ["棰"] = "flog; whip", ["棱"] = "corner; square beam", ["棲"] = "to roost; to inhabit; to stay; habitat", ["棳"] = "small pillars that support the roof, those which rest on the main beam", ["棵"] = "''classifier for plants''", ["棸"] = "''surname''", ["棹"] = "table", ["棺"] = "coffin", ["棻"] = "kind of wood from which perfume is made", ["棼"] = "beams in roof; confused", ["椄"] = "to graft", ["椅"] = "chair", ["椈"] = "''[[Fagus sylvatica]]''", ["椊"] = "to fit a handle into a socket; a plug or cork", ["椋"] = "fruit", ["椌"] = "(wooden mus. instr.)", ["植"] = "to plant", ["椎"] = "spine; a hammer", ["椏"] = "forking branch", ["椐"] = "{{taxlink|Zelkowa acuminata|species}}", ["椑"] = "''[[Fagus sylvatica]]''", ["椒"] = "pepper", ["椓"] = "beat", ["椗"] = "(plant); anchor", ["椪"] = "{{taxlink|Machilus nanmu|species}}, variety of everg", ["椳"] = "the pivots, at the top and bottom of a Chinese door, on which the door turns", ["椴"] = "''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]''", ["椵"] = "(grapefruit)", ["椷"] = "a box; letters", ["椸"] = "clothes-horse", ["椹"] = "fruit of mulberry", ["椽"] = "beam; rafters", ["椿"] = "tree of heaven; {{taxlink|Cedrela chinensis|species}}; father", ["楀"] = "''surname''; (tree)", ["楂"] = "Chinese quince; hawthorn; fell trees; raft; to hew", ["楄"] = "basket-couch in coffin", ["楅"] = "ox yoke placed on the horns", ["楊"] = "''surname''; poplar", ["楎"] = "clothes-horse", ["楓"] = "maple", ["楔"] = "to wedge; wedge", ["楗"] = "door lock", ["楘"] = "ornaments on chariot-shaft", ["楙"] = "{{taxlink|Cydonia japonica|species}}", ["楚"] = "distinct; clear; orderly; pain; suffering; ancient place name; ''surname''", ["楛"] = "broken utensil; (tree)", ["楝"] = "{{taxlink|Melia japonica|species}}", ["楞"] = "corner; square beam", ["楟"] = "tree", ["楠"] = "{{taxlink|Machilus nanmu|species}}", ["楢"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glandulifera|species}}", ["楣"] = "lintel", ["楥"] = "to turn on a lathe", ["楦"] = "block (hat); stretch (shoe)", ["楨"] = "evergreen shrub", ["楩"] = "(tree)", ["楪"] = "small dish; window", ["楫"] = "oar; to row", ["楬"] = "a peg; tally; score", ["業"] = "business; occupation; study", ["楮"] = "{{taxlink|Broussonetia kasinoki|species}}", ["楯"] = "draw forth; horizontal railing", ["楰"] = "(tree)", ["極"] = "utmost; pole; extreme; to reach the limit", ["楷"] = "norm; model; (writing)", ["楸"] = "Catalpa; {{taxlink|Mallotus japonicus|species}}", ["楹"] = "pillar", ["概"] = "general; approximate", ["榃"] = "raised path between fields", ["榆"] = "elm", ["榎"] = "(evergreen shrub); {{taxlink|Celtis sinensis|species}}", ["榔"] = "(tree)", ["榕"] = "banyan tree; {{taxlink|Ficus wightiana|species}}", ["榖"] = "paper mulberry tree", ["榛"] = "hazel tree; {{taxlink|Corylus heterophylla|species}}", ["榜"] = "a notice or announcement; a list of names; public roll of successful examinees", ["榠"] = "Chinese quince", ["榡"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus dentata|species}}", ["榤"] = "a stump on which chickens roost", ["榥"] = "screen", ["榦"] = "tree trunk", ["榧"] = "''[[Torreya grandis]]''", ["榨"] = "salted vegetable; to extract", ["榪"] = "headboard", ["榫"] = "tenon and mortise", ["榭"] = "pavilion", ["榮"] = "glory; honoured", ["榱"] = "small rafter", ["榴"] = "pomegranate", ["榷"] = "footbridge; toll, levy; monopoly", ["榻"] = "couch", ["榼"] = "{{taxlink|Pusaetha scandens|species}}", ["榾"] = "scraps of wood", ["榿"] = "alder", ["槁"] = "dry; rotten (as wood)", ["槃"] = "big; wooden tray", ["槊"] = "long lance", ["構"] = "''[[Broussonetia papyrifera]]''; to construct; to form; to make up; to compose", ["槌"] = "hammer; mallet; pestle", ["槍"] = "gun; firearm; rifle; spear", ["槎"] = "a raft made of bamboo or wood; to fell trees; to hew", ["槐"] = "''[[Styphnolobium japonicum]]'' (syn. {{taxlink|Sophora japonica|species}})", ["槓"] = "carrying pole; horizontal bar", ["槔"] = "water pulley", ["槢"] = "a hard wood", ["槥"] = "coffin", ["槧"] = "wooden tablet; edition", ["槨"] = "outer coffin", ["槱"] = "ritual bonfire", ["槲"] = "oak; {{taxlink|Quercus dentata|species}}", ["槳"] = "oar; paddle", ["槻"] = "zelkova tree", ["槼"] = "{{taxlink|Elaeocarpus japonica|species}}", ["槽"] = "manger; trough; groove", ["槾"] = "(tree)", ["槿"] = "''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]''; transient", ["樁"] = "item; stump; stake; pile", ["樂"] = "music; happy; laugh; cheerful", ["樅"] = "{{taxlink|Abies firma|species}}", ["樊"] = "cage; fence", ["樏"] = "mountain-climbing shoes", ["樑"] = "beam of roof", ["樓"] = "house with more than 1 story; storied building; floor", ["樕"] = "shrub", ["樗"] = "[[Simaroubaceae]]", ["標"] = "the topmost branches of a tree; surface; sign; to mark; (outward) sign; indication; prize; award; bid", ["樛"] = "''surname''; hang down", ["樞"] = "hinge; pivot", ["樟"] = "camphor; ''[[Cinnamomum camphora]]''", ["樠"] = "elm; gum", ["模"] = "imitate; model; norm; pattern", ["樣"] = "manner; pattern; way; appearance; shape", ["樧"] = "{{taxlink|Zanthoxylum ailanthoides|species}}", ["樲"] = "acid variety of jujube plum", ["樴"] = "stake; picket", ["樵"] = "firewood; gather wood", ["樸"] = "Pak or Park (Korean surname); plain and simple", ["樹"] = "tree", ["樺"] = "{{taxlink|Betula japonica|species}}", ["樽"] = "goblet; bottle; wine-jar", ["樾"] = "shade of trees", ["樿"] = "(wood)", ["橁"] = "{{taxlink|Fraxinus bungeana|species}}", ["橆"] = "without, apart from, none; a negative", ["橈"] = "bent or twisted piece of wood", ["橋"] = "bridge", ["橐"] = "sack; tube for blowing fire", ["橕"] = "a prop; a shore", ["橘"] = "tangerine", ["橙"] = "orange tree; the colour orange; orange", ["橚"] = "tall and straight (of trees)", ["橛"] = "a peg; low post", ["機"] = "machine; opportunity; secret", ["橡"] = "{{vern|jolcham oak}} ({{taxlink|Quercus serrata|species}})", ["橢"] = "ellipse", ["橤"] = "dangle; hang loosely", ["橧"] = "dwelling on top of wooden stakes", ["橫"] = "unruly; horizontal; across; (horizontal character stroke)", ["橿"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glauca|species}}", ["檀"] = "sandal wood", ["檁"] = "cross-beam; ridge-pole", ["檄"] = "dispatch; order", ["檇"] = "wooden pestle or rammer", ["檉"] = "tamarisk", ["檍"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glauca|species}}", ["檐"] = "eaves", ["檑"] = "logs rolled down in defence of city", ["檔"] = "cross-piece; official records; grade (of goods); file; records; shelves", ["檖"] = "(tree)", ["檗"] = "{{taxlink|Phyllodendron amurense|species}}", ["檜"] = "{{taxlink|Juniperus chinensis|species}}", ["檟"] = "{{taxlink|Thea sinensis|species}}", ["檠"] = "instrument for straightening bows", ["檢"] = "to check; to examine; to inspect", ["檣"] = "boom; mast", ["檨"] = "mango", ["檬"] = "lemon", ["檮"] = "blockhead; wood-block", ["檯"] = "table; desk", ["檴"] = "(tree)", ["檸"] = "lemon", ["檻"] = "door sill; threshold; bar; railing", ["櫂"] = "oar, scull, paddle; row", ["櫃"] = "cupboard; cabinet; wardrobe", ["櫌"] = "harrow", ["櫓"] = "sculling oar", ["櫚"] = "", ["櫛"] = "comb out; weed out, eliminate", ["櫜"] = "weapon case", ["櫝"] = "cabinet; case; casket", ["櫞"] = "''[[Citrus medica]]''", ["櫟"] = "{{vern|jolcham oak}} ({{taxlink|Quercus serrata|species}})", ["櫥"] = "a wardrobe; case; cabinet", ["櫧"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glanca|species}}", ["櫨"] = "capital (of column); smoke tree", ["櫪"] = "stable", ["櫫"] = "{{taxlink|Zelkova acuminata|species}}", ["櫬"] = "{{taxlink|Sterculia plantanifolia|species}}; coffin", ["櫱"] = "shoots from an old stump", ["櫳"] = "bar; cage; gratings", ["櫸"] = "{{taxlink|Zeikowa acuminata|species}}", ["櫺"] = "lattice", ["櫻"] = "cherry", ["欃"] = "''[[Santalum album]]''; comet", ["欄"] = "fence; railing; hurdle; column; box (as on a document)", ["權"] = "authority; power; right", ["欐"] = "beam", ["欑"] = "gather", ["欒"] = "{{taxlink|Koelreuteria paniculata|species}}", ["欖"] = "olive", ["欙"] = "sedan", ["欞"] = "the lattice of a window a sill, a lintel", ["欠"] = "deficient; owe; to lack; yawn", ["次"] = "number of times; order; sequence; next; second(ary); (measure word)", ["欣"] = "happy", ["欨"] = "to blow or breathe upon to smile", ["欬"] = "cough; sound of laughter", ["欲"] = "desire; longing; appetite; wish", ["欷"] = "to sob", ["欹"] = "interjection", ["欺"] = "take unfair advantage of; to deceive; to cheat", ["欻"] = "suddenly; (onomat.); a crashing sound", ["欼"] = "drink", ["欽"] = "royal", ["款"] = "section; paragraph; funds", ["欿"] = "discontented with oneself", ["歁"] = "unsatisfied (of eating)", ["歃"] = "drink", ["歆"] = "pleased; moved", ["歇"] = "to rest", ["歈"] = "songs", ["歉"] = "apologize; deficient; to regret", ["歊"] = "vapour; steam", ["歌"] = "song", ["歎"] = "to sigh", ["歐"] = "''surname''; Europe", ["歔"] = "to snort", ["歕"] = "to puff; to spout", ["歙"] = "name of a district in Anhui", ["歛"] = "arrange; control oneself; gather", ["歜"] = "(person); angry", ["歟"] = "(interrog. part.)", ["歠"] = "sip; suck", ["歡"] = "joyous; happy; pleased", ["止"] = "to stop; prohibit; till", ["正"] = "just (right); main; upright; straight; correct; principle; Chinese 1st month of year", ["此"] = "this; these", ["步"] = "a step; a pace; walk; march; stages in a process", ["武"] = "martial; military", ["歧"] = "divergent; side road", ["歪"] = "askew", ["歲"] = "year; years old; (a measure word)", ["歷"] = "to experience; to undergo; to pass through; all; each; every; calendar", ["歸"] = "to go back; to return", ["歹"] = "bad; wicked; evil", ["死"] = "to die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid", ["歾"] = "to end; to die", ["歿"] = "to end; to die", ["殀"] = "die young, die prematurely", ["殂"] = "die", ["殃"] = "calamity", ["殄"] = "exterminate", ["殆"] = "dangerous; perilous; endanger; almost; probably; only", ["殈"] = "damage egg so it does not hatch", ["殉"] = "buried with dead; die for a cause", ["殊"] = "unique", ["殍"] = "die of starvation", ["殑"] = "swoon", ["殖"] = "grow; reproduce", ["殗"] = "sickness; repeated", ["殘"] = "destroy; spoil; ruin; injure; cruel; oppressive; savage; incomplete; disabled", ["殙"] = "to die by taking poison", ["殛"] = "put to death", ["殞"] = "perish; die", ["殢"] = "fatigue", ["殣"] = "die of hunger", ["殤"] = "die prematurely", ["殪"] = "exterminate", ["殫"] = "entirely; to exhaust", ["殭"] = "stiff (corpse)", ["殮"] = "prepare body for coffin", ["殯"] = "a funeral; to encoffin a corpse; to carry to burial", ["殰"] = "an abortion; stillborn", ["殲"] = "annihilate", ["殳"] = "''surname''; spear", ["段"] = "paragraph; section; segment", ["殷"] = "''surname''; dynasty; flourishing; roll of thunder; dark red", ["殺"] = "to kill; to murder; to slaughter", ["殼"] = "shell", ["殽"] = "mixed; viands", ["殿"] = "palace hall", ["毀"] = "to destroy; to damage; to ruin", ["毅"] = "perseverance", ["毆"] = "brawl", ["毈"] = "infertile egg", ["毋"] = "no; not", ["母"] = "female; mother", ["每"] = "each; every", ["毒"] = "poison; narcotics", ["毓"] = "to nourish; to rear", ["比"] = "side by side; compare; to gesture; than; ratio", ["毖"] = "careful; prevent", ["毗"] = "adjoin; border", ["毘"] = "adjoin; border", ["毚"] = "cunning; artful", ["毛"] = "hair; fur; one tenth of a yuan or dollar", ["毧"] = "down; felt", ["毫"] = "hair; drawing brush; (in the) least; one thousandth", ["毬"] = "ball", ["毯"] = "blanket; rug", ["毳"] = "fine animal hair", ["毷"] = "restless", ["毽"] = "jianzi", ["毿"] = "long-haired; shaggy", ["氂"] = "tail; tuft of hair", ["氄"] = "down or fine hair", ["氅"] = "overcoat", ["氈"] = "felt", ["氉"] = "restless, melancholy", ["氏"] = "clan name; maiden name", ["氐"] = "foundation; on the whole; name of an ancient tribe", ["民"] = "the people; nationality; citizen", ["氓"] = "people; vagrant; ruffian", ["气"] = "air; anger; gas", ["氕"] = "protium", ["氖"] = "neon", ["氘"] = "deuterium", ["氙"] = "xenon", ["氚"] = "tritium", ["氛"] = "miasma; vapour", ["氝"] = "neon", ["氟"] = "fluorine", ["氡"] = "radon", ["氣"] = "gas; air; smell; weather; vital breath; to make someone angry; to get angry; to be enraged", ["氥"] = "xenon", ["氦"] = "helium", ["氧"] = "oxygen", ["氨"] = "ammonia", ["氪"] = "krypton", ["氫"] = "hydrogen", ["氬"] = "argonium", ["氮"] = "nitrogen", ["氯"] = "chlorine", ["氰"] = "cyanogen; ethane dinitrile", ["氳"] = "heavy atmosphere", ["水"] = "water; river", ["永"] = "forever; always; perpetual(ly)", ["氾"] = "extensive; to overflow", ["氿"] = "mountain spring", ["汀"] = "sand-bank", ["汁"] = "juice", ["求"] = "to seek; to look for; to request; to demand; to beseech", ["汆"] = "boil for a short time", ["汊"] = "branching stream", ["汋"] = "to pour", ["汍"] = "shed tears", ["汎"] = "broad; vast; float; pan-", ["汐"] = "night tides; evening ebbtide", ["汔"] = "near", ["汕"] = "Swatow", ["汗"] = "perspiration; sweat", ["汛"] = "high water; sprinkle water", ["汜"] = "stream which returns after branching", ["汝"] = "thou", ["汞"] = "mercury", ["江"] = "river", ["池"] = "pond; reservoir", ["污"] = "dirt; filth", ["汧"] = "name of a river in Shangdong; marsh; float", ["汨"] = "name of a river", ["汩"] = "confused; extinguished", ["汪"] = "expanse of water; ooze; barking", ["汭"] = "river-bend", ["汰"] = "to discard; to eliminate; too", ["汲"] = "draw water from well", ["汳"] = "Henan; name of an ancient river", ["汴"] = "name of a river in Henan; Henan", ["汶"] = "name of a river", ["決"] = "breach (a dyke); to decide; to determine", ["汽"] = "steam; vapour", ["汾"] = "name of a river", ["沁"] = "name of a river", ["沂"] = "name of a river", ["沃"] = "fertile; rich", ["沄"] = "rushing of a torrent", ["沅"] = "name of a river", ["沆"] = "a ferry; fog; flowing", ["沇"] = "''surname''", ["沈"] = "sink; ''surname''; place name", ["沉"] = "submerge; immerse; sink; deep; profound; to lower; to drop", ["沌"] = "confused; turbid", ["沍"] = "congealed; frozen", ["沏"] = "to steep (tea)", ["沐"] = "bathe; cleanse; receive favours", ["沒"] = "have not; drowned; to end; to die; to inundate", ["沓"] = "again and again; many", ["沔"] = "inundation; name of a river", ["沕"] = "abstruse; profound", ["沖"] = "strong; powerful; forceful; dynamic; to punch; to rinse; to collide; to water; to rush; to dash (against); to wash out; to charge; highway; public road", ["沘"] = "name of a river", ["沙"] = "granule; hoarse; raspy; sand; powder; tsar", ["沚"] = "islet", ["沛"] = "copious; abundant", ["沫"] = "foam; suds", ["沬"] = "dawn; place name", ["沭"] = "river in Shandong", ["沮"] = "destroy; to stop", ["沰"] = "to let drop", ["沱"] = "tearful; to branch (of river)", ["河"] = "river", ["沴"] = "miasma", ["沷"] = "to remove evil; to cleanse; to wash away", ["沸"] = "boil", ["油"] = "oil; sly", ["沺"] = "turbulent", ["治"] = "to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); cure; treatment; to heal", ["沼"] = "pond; pool", ["沽"] = "buy; sell", ["沾"] = "infected by; moisten; receive favours", ["沿"] = "riverside (with -r); along", ["況"] = "moreover; situation", ["泂"] = "vast", ["泄"] = "divulge; leak out", ["泅"] = "submerge; swim under water", ["泆"] = "licentious, libertine, dissipate", ["泉"] = "fountain; spring", ["泊"] = "to anchor; touch at; to moor", ["泌"] = "secrete; pour off", ["泐"] = "write", ["泑"] = "the vitreous glaze on china, porcelain, etc.", ["泒"] = "name of a river", ["泓"] = "clear; vast and deep", ["泔"] = "slop from rinsing rice", ["法"] = "law; method; way; Buddhist teaching; Legalist; France (abbrev.)", ["泖"] = "still water", ["泗"] = "place name; snivel", ["泙"] = "sound of water splashing", ["泚"] = "clear; bright and brilliant; swea", ["泛"] = "float; general; vague", ["泜"] = "a river in Hebei province", ["泝"] = "go upstream; trace the source", ["泠"] = "''surname''; sound of water flowing", ["泡"] = "to steep; soak; bubble(s); foam; puffed; swollen", ["波"] = "wave; (''Cantonese'') ball", ["泣"] = "to sob", ["泥"] = "restrained; mud; paste; pulp", ["注"] = "to inject; to pour into; to concentrate; to pay attention; to note; to comment on; to record; to register; to annotate", ["泩"] = "rising of water", ["泫"] = "weep", ["泭"] = "a raft", ["泮"] = "melt", ["泯"] = "obliterate; submerge", ["泰"] = "safe; peaceful; most; Thai(land); grand", ["泱"] = "agitated (wind, cloud); boundless", ["泲"] = "clear wine; name of a river", ["泳"] = "swimming; to swim", ["泵"] = "pump", ["洄"] = "eddy; whirlpool", ["洊"] = "flowing water; successive", ["洋"] = "ocean; foreign", ["洌"] = "pure; cleanse", ["洎"] = "to reach; when", ["洏"] = "to flow (as water; tears)", ["洑"] = "undercurrent eddy", ["洒"] = "spill; sprinkle", ["洗"] = "to wash; to bathe", ["洙"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["洚"] = "flood", ["洛"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["洞"] = "cave; hole", ["洟"] = "snivel", ["津"] = "Tianjin; ferry", ["洧"] = "name of a river", ["洨"] = "river in hebei province", ["洩"] = "divulge; leak out", ["洪"] = "flood", ["洫"] = "to ditch; a moat", ["洮"] = "cleanse; name of a river", ["洱"] = "name of a river", ["洲"] = "continent; island", ["洳"] = "damp, boggy, marshy", ["洴"] = "wash; bleach (fabric)", ["洵"] = "truly; whirlpool", ["洶"] = "torrential rush; tumultuous", ["洸"] = "sparkling water", ["洹"] = "name of a river", ["洺"] = "name of a river", ["活"] = "to live; alive; living; work; workmanship", ["洼"] = "winding ditch", ["洽"] = "accord; make contact", ["派"] = "clique; school; group; faction; to dispatch", ["洿"] = "dig (a pond); stagnant water", ["流"] = "to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move", ["浙"] = "Zhejiang", ["浚"] = "deepen; enlighten; profound", ["浜"] = "stream; creek", ["浠"] = "name of a river in Hubei", ["浡"] = "full; gushing (of fountain)", ["浣"] = "to wash; to rinse; 10 day period in the month (during Tang dynasty)", ["浤"] = "sound of water surging", ["浥"] = "damp; moist", ["浦"] = "riverside; river mouth", ["浩"] = "grand; vast (water)", ["浪"] = "wave; breaker; unrestrained; dissipated", ["浬"] = "nautical mile", ["浭"] = "name of a river in Hebei", ["浮"] = "to float", ["浰"] = "attend (official functions)", ["浴"] = "bath; to bathe", ["海"] = "ocean; sea", ["浸"] = "immerse; soak; steep", ["浼"] = "ask a favour of", ["涂"] = "to smear; daub; to apply (paint); to spread", ["涅"] = "blacken", ["涇"] = "name of a river", ["消"] = "consume; news; subside; to disappear; to vanish", ["涉"] = "involve; concern; wade; to experience", ["涊"] = "muddy water", ["涌"] = "bubble up; rush forth", ["涎"] = "saliva; shamelessly", ["涑"] = "name of a river", ["涒"] = "planet Jupiter; vomit", ["涓"] = "brook; to select", ["涔"] = "overflow; rainwater; tearful", ["涕"] = "nasal mucus; tears", ["涘"] = "river bank", ["涪"] = "name of a river", ["涬"] = "watery expanse", ["涮"] = "rinse", ["涯"] = "border; horizon; shore", ["液"] = "liquid; fluid", ["涴"] = "to soil", ["涵"] = "contain", ["涷"] = "rainstorm", ["涸"] = "to dry; to dry up", ["涼"] = "cool; cold", ["涿"] = "place name", ["淀"] = "shallow water", ["淄"] = "black; name of a river", ["淅"] = "sound of rain; sleet etc.", ["淇"] = "name of a river", ["淊"] = "drown; submerge", ["淋"] = "diseases of the bladder; to drain; to drip", ["淌"] = "drip; to shed (tears)", ["淒"] = "intense cold; mournful", ["淓"] = "name of a river", ["淖"] = "slush; mud", ["淘"] = "cleanse; eliminate; to clean out; to wash", ["淙"] = "noise of water", ["淚"] = "tears", ["淜"] = "roar of dashing waves", ["淝"] = "name of a river", ["淞"] = "name of a river", ["淟"] = "turbid; muddy", ["淠"] = "luxuriant (of water plants)", ["淡"] = "insipid; diluted; weak; light in colour; tasteless; fresh; indifferent; nitrogen", ["淢"] = "moat; swift current", ["淤"] = "silt", ["淥"] = "clear (water); strain liquids", ["淦"] = "name of a river", ["淨"] = "clean; completely; only", ["淩"] = "''surname''; encroach; soar", ["淪"] = "perish", ["淫"] = "excessive; wanton; lewd; kinky; obscene", ["淬"] = "dip into water; to temper", ["淮"] = "name of a river", ["淰"] = "calm water", ["深"] = "deep; profound", ["淳"] = "genuine; pure; honest", ["淵"] = "abyss", ["淶"] = "brook; ripple", ["混"] = "to mix; to get along; thoughtless; confused; dirty; mix", ["淹"] = "drown; submerge", ["淺"] = "shallow; sound of moving water", ["添"] = "to add; to increase; to replenish", ["淼"] = "a flood; infinity", ["清"] = "clear; distinct; complete; pure", ["渙"] = "disperse expansive (of river)", ["渚"] = "islet; bank", ["減"] = "to lower; to decrease; to reduce; to subtract; to diminish", ["渝"] = "Chongqing", ["渟"] = "stagnant water", ["渠"] = "big; stream or canal; drain; ditch", ["渡"] = "to cross; to pass through; to ferry", ["渢"] = "buoyant; floating", ["渣"] = "dregs", ["渤"] = "Bohai Sea", ["渥"] = "enrich; moisten", ["渦"] = "eddy; whirlpool; name of a river", ["渧"] = "to drop, as liquids; a drop", ["渨"] = "a cove, a bay; a bend or nook in the hills; the curve of a bow", ["渫"] = "''surname''; get rid of; scatter", ["測"] = "side; to lean; to survey; to measure; conjecture", ["渭"] = "name of a river", ["渮"] = "place name", ["港"] = "harbour; Hong Kong (abbrev.)", ["渰"] = "(of cloud) forming or rising", ["渲"] = "wash (colour)", ["渴"] = "thirsty", ["游"] = "to walk; to tour; to roam; to swim; to travel", ["渺"] = "vague; remote", ["渼"] = "ripple pattern", ["渾"] = "muddy", ["湃"] = "to soak something in cold water to cool", ["湄"] = "brink; edge", ["湅"] = "boil raw silk", ["湊"] = "assemble; put together; press near; come together", ["湋"] = "to flow back (of water)", ["湍"] = "to rush (of water)", ["湎"] = "drunk", ["湑"] = "abundant; bright; strain spirits", ["湓"] = "flowing of water; name of a river", ["湔"] = "cleanse; name of a river", ["湖"] = "lake", ["湘"] = "name of a river; Hunan province (abbrev.)", ["湛"] = "deep; clear (water)", ["湜"] = "clear water; pure", ["湝"] = "flowing (of water)", ["湞"] = "river in Guangdong province", ["湟"] = "name of a river", ["湢"] = "public bathhouse", ["湣"] = "mixed, confused; pity", ["湧"] = "bubble up; rush forth", ["湩"] = "muddy, turbid; milk", ["湫"] = "marsh", ["湮"] = "to submerge", ["湯"] = "soup; hot water", ["湱"] = "dashing of waves", ["湲"] = "rushing (water)", ["溈"] = "name of a river in Shanxi", ["溉"] = "irrigate", ["溎"] = "name of a river", ["溏"] = "noncoagulative; pond", ["源"] = "root; source; origin", ["準"] = "accurate; standard", ["溘"] = "suddenly", ["溛"] = "to form hollow; pit", ["溜"] = "slip away; to skate", ["溝"] = "ditch; gutter", ["溟"] = "drizzle; sea", ["溠"] = "name of a river", ["溢"] = "overflow", ["溤"] = "name of a river", ["溥"] = "extensive; pervading", ["溦"] = "drizzle; (variant) valley; (variant) mould", ["溧"] = "name of a river", ["溪"] = "creek", ["溫"] = "(luke)warm; to review", ["溮"] = "river in Henan province", ["溯"] = "go upstream; trace the source", ["溱"] = "name of a river", ["溲"] = "urinate", ["溳"] = "river name", ["溴"] = "bromine", ["溶"] = "dissolve", ["溷"] = "disordered; privy", ["溺"] = "urinate; urine; drown; indulge; be addicted to", ["溼"] = "wet", ["溽"] = "damp; muggy", ["溾"] = "light rain", ["滁"] = "name of a river", ["滂"] = "rushing (water)", ["滃"] = "float (of clouds)", ["滄"] = "blue; green (colour of water); cold; vast (of water)", ["滅"] = "extinguish", ["滇"] = "Yunnan", ["滉"] = "bright expanse of water", ["滊"] = "[not in any dict., assumed var.]", ["滋"] = "excite; nourish; this", ["滌"] = "wash; cleanse", ["滎"] = "place name", ["滏"] = "name of a river in Hebei", ["滑"] = "comical; cunning; slippery; smooth", ["滓"] = "dregs; sediment", ["滔"] = "overflow; torrent-dash", ["滕"] = "''surname''; place name", ["滘"] = "place name in Guangdong", ["滫"] = "water in which rice was boiled", ["滬"] = "Shanghai", ["滮"] = "flowing of water", ["滯"] = "sluggish", ["滲"] = "to seep; to ooze; to horrify", ["滴"] = "a drop; to drip", ["滷"] = "brine; salt; gravy", ["滸"] = "bank of a river", ["滹"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["滾"] = "to boil; to roll", ["滿"] = "to fill; to fulfil; filled; packed; Manchurian", ["漁"] = "fisherman; to fish", ["漂"] = "to bleach; elegant; polished; to float; to drift", ["漆"] = "paint; lacquer", ["漈"] = "river bank", ["漉"] = "strain liquids", ["漊"] = "drizzle", ["漎"] = "a place where small streams flow into a large one", ["漏"] = "funnel; to leak; to let out; to divulge", ["漓"] = "pattering (of rain); seep through", ["演"] = "to develop; to evolve; to practise; to perform; to play; to act", ["漕"] = "transport by water; watercourse; canal", ["漘"] = "shore", ["漙"] = "heavy dew", ["漚"] = "steep; bubble; froth", ["漠"] = "desert; unconcerned", ["漢"] = "Chinese; name of a dynasty; man", ["漣"] = "ripple; tearful", ["漦"] = "go with current; mucus; spittle", ["漩"] = "eddy", ["漪"] = "ripple", ["漫"] = "free; unrestrained; inundate", ["漬"] = "saturate; soak", ["漭"] = "vast; expansive (of water)", ["漯"] = "name of a river", ["漰"] = "noise of dashing waves", ["漱"] = "to gargle; rinse (mouth); to wash; to scour", ["漲"] = "to swell; distend; to rise (of prices, rivers, etc.)", ["漳"] = "name of a river", ["漵"] = "name of a river", ["漶"] = "indecipherable", ["漷"] = "clashing of two currents", ["漸"] = "gradual; gradually; imbue", ["漼"] = "having the appearance of depth", ["漾"] = "overflow; swirl, ripple; be tossed", ["漿"] = "starch paste; broth; serum; to starch", ["潀"] = "gather; flow into (water); sound of waters flowing together", ["潁"] = "name of a river", ["潎"] = "rippling; pour", ["潏"] = "bubble up", ["潑"] = "splash; to spill; violent", ["潔"] = "clean", ["潕"] = "river in Henan", ["潗"] = "friendly; harmonious", ["潘"] = "''surname''", ["潚"] = "sound of rain and wind", ["潛"] = "hidden; latent; secret; to hide; to conceal; to submerge", ["潝"] = "agree", ["潞"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["潟"] = "saline land", ["潠"] = "spurt out of the mouth", ["潢"] = "dye paper; lake; pond; mount scroll", ["潤"] = "smooth; moist", ["潦"] = "flooded; heavy rain", ["潭"] = "deep; deep pool; pit", ["潮"] = "tide; current; damp; moist; humid", ["潯"] = "name of a river; steep bank", ["潰"] = "be dispersed; break down", ["潲"] = "driving rain; to sprinkle", ["潸"] = "tearfully", ["潺"] = "flow; trickle (of water)", ["潼"] = "high; name of a pass", ["潾"] = "clear (as of water)", ["潿"] = "still water", ["澀"] = "grating (of surfaces); tart; acerbic", ["澂"] = "clear and still water", ["澄"] = "settle (liquid); clear; limpid; clarify; purify; ''surname''", ["澆"] = "to water", ["澇"] = "flooded", ["澈"] = "clear (water); thorough", ["澉"] = "place name; wash", ["澌"] = "drain dry; to exhaust", ["澍"] = "moisture; timely rain", ["澐"] = "river waves", ["澒"] = "vast; infinite", ["澔"] = "grand; vast (of water)", ["澗"] = "mountain stream", ["澠"] = "name of a river in Shandong", ["澡"] = "bath", ["澣"] = "cleanse; bathe", ["澤"] = "beneficence; marsh", ["澥"] = "become watery; creek", ["澦"] = "place name in Sichuan", ["澧"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["澨"] = "bank; shore; name of a river", ["澬"] = "to rain continuously", ["澮"] = "drain; stream", ["澰"] = "full of water; trough", ["澱"] = "sediment; precipitate", ["澳"] = "deep bay; cove; bay; harbour; Australia (abbrev.); Macao", ["澴"] = "to return (of waves)", ["澶"] = "still (as of water); still water", ["澹"] = "tranquil; placid; quiet", ["澼"] = "bleach; to clean", ["激"] = "to arouse; to incite; to excite; to stimulate; sharp; fierce; violent", ["濁"] = "impure; muddy", ["濂"] = "name of a river in Hunan", ["濃"] = "concentrated; dense", ["濆"] = "edge of water", ["濇"] = "grating (of surfaces)", ["濈"] = "many", ["濉"] = "name of a river", ["濊"] = "vast; expansive (as of water)", ["濔"] = "many; numerous", ["濕"] = "moist; wet", ["濘"] = "muddy", ["濛"] = "drizzle; mist", ["濜"] = "river in Hubei province", ["濟"] = "aid; ferry; frugal", ["濠"] = "trench", ["濡"] = "dilatory; to moisten", ["濤"] = "big wave", ["濩"] = "cook; dashing of water", ["濫"] = "excessive; indiscriminate", ["濬"] = "deepen; enlighten; profound", ["濮"] = "name of a river", ["濯"] = "rinse; to cleanse", ["濰"] = "name of a river", ["濱"] = "shore; beach; coast; bank", ["濲"] = "name of a river in Hunan", ["濺"] = "splash", ["濼"] = "name of a river", ["濾"] = "to strain; to filter", ["瀁"] = "ripples", ["瀅"] = "clear; limpid (of water)", ["瀆"] = "ditch; trouble (some one to do)", ["瀉"] = "to flow (out) swiftly; diarrhoea", ["瀋"] = "place name; pour", ["瀌"] = "copious (of rain; snow)", ["瀍"] = "name of a river", ["瀏"] = "clear; deep (of water); swift", ["瀑"] = "waterfall; shower (rain)", ["瀔"] = "river name in Henan province", ["瀕"] = "near", ["瀘"] = "name of a river in Jiangxi; place name", ["瀚"] = "ocean; vastness", ["瀛"] = "ocean", ["瀝"] = "drip", ["瀟"] = "river name; sound of rain and wind", ["瀠"] = "eddy; small river", ["瀡"] = "slippery", ["瀣"] = "mist; vapour", ["瀦"] = "place where water stays", ["瀧"] = "name of a river in Guangdong; torrential (rain)", ["瀨"] = "name of a river; rushing of water", ["瀰"] = "overflowing", ["瀲"] = "full of water; trough", ["瀳"] = "to arrive (of water)", ["瀵"] = "name of a river; valley vapour", ["瀹"] = "cleanse; to boil", ["瀺"] = "sound of water", ["瀼"] = "dewy", ["瀾"] = "swelling water", ["灃"] = "name of a river", ["灄"] = "name of a river", ["灉"] = "name of a river; sluice", ["灌"] = "irrigate; pour", ["灑"] = "spill; sprinkle", ["灒"] = "to spatter, to splash, to scatter", ["灕"] = "name of a river; seep through", ["灘"] = "beach; shoal", ["灝"] = "vast (of water)", ["灞"] = "name of a river", ["灠"] = "pickle fruits", ["灢"] = "muddy; thick, muddy water", ["灣"] = "bay; gulf", ["灤"] = "name of a river", ["灥"] = "a group of springs", ["灨"] = "the River Gan in Jiangxi", ["灩"] = "tossing of billows", ["火"] = "fire; angry; fierce; fiery; thriving", ["灰"] = "grey; ash", ["灴"] = "to bake, to roast; to dry at a fire", ["灶"] = "kitchen stove", ["灸"] = "cauterize; moxibustion", ["灺"] = "candle stub", ["灼"] = "brilliant; cauterize", ["災"] = "disaster; calamity", ["炅"] = "''surname''", ["炊"] = "dress food; to steam; to cook food", ["炎"] = "flame; inflammation; -itis", ["炒"] = "saute; pan-fry; to fry; fried", ["炔"] = "alkyne", ["炕"] = "kang (a heatable brick bed)", ["炖"] = "stew slowly", ["炘"] = "mid-day glare; heat", ["炙"] = "broil", ["炤"] = "''surname''; shine on", ["炫"] = "dazzle; to show off", ["炬"] = "torch", ["炭"] = "charcoal", ["炮"] = "cannon; gun; firecracker", ["炯"] = "bright; clear", ["炰"] = "to roast", ["炱"] = "soot", ["炳"] = "bright; brilliant; luminous", ["炷"] = "candlewick; incense stick", ["炸"] = "explode; fry", ["為"] = "because of; for; to; act as; take...to be; to be; to do; to serve as; to become", ["烈"] = "ardent; intense; split; crack; rend", ["烊"] = "molten; smelt", ["烋"] = "to boil or fumigate", ["烏"] = "a crow; black; not; empty; void", ["烓"] = "three-cornered stove", ["烔"] = "hot; heated", ["烘"] = "bake; heat by fire", ["烙"] = "bake; flat iron; large cake", ["烜"] = "brilliant", ["烝"] = "advance; many; steam", ["烤"] = "to roast; bake; to broil", ["烯"] = "alkene", ["烳"] = "to travel by the light of torch", ["烴"] = "hydrocarbon", ["烷"] = "alkane", ["烹"] = "cuisine; cooking", ["烺"] = "blaze; light", ["烽"] = "beacon fire", ["焄"] = "fumes from sacrifice", ["焉"] = "where; how", ["焊"] = "welding", ["焌"] = "set fire", ["焓"] = "enthalpy", ["焙"] = "to dry over a fire; to bake", ["焚"] = "burn", ["焜"] = "brilliant", ["焞"] = "dim", ["焠"] = "to temper (as steel)", ["無"] = "not have", ["焦"] = "burnt; scorched; worried; anxious", ["焮"] = "heat; flame; inflammation", ["焰"] = "flame", ["焱"] = "flames", ["然"] = "so; thus; like this; -ly; correct; right", ["煁"] = "brazier", ["煃"] = "fiery; blazing", ["煆"] = "raging fire", ["煇"] = "bright; glorious", ["煉"] = "refine; smelt", ["煌"] = "brilliant", ["煍"] = "to colour by smoke", ["煎"] = "pan-fry", ["煐"] = "(person)", ["煒"] = "glow; raging fire", ["煖"] = "warm", ["煙"] = "cigarette; tobacco; smoke", ["煚"] = "fire", ["煜"] = "brilliant; glorious", ["煝"] = "be radiant; flaming; drought", ["煞"] = "baleful; bring to a stop; very; decrease; tighten", ["煟"] = "radiance of fire", ["煠"] = "to fry in fat or oil; to scald", ["煢"] = "alone", ["煤"] = "coal", ["煥"] = "brilliant; lustrous", ["照"] = "according to; in accordance with; to shine; to illuminate; to reflect; photograph", ["煨"] = "simmer; to roast in ashes", ["煩"] = "feel vexed; to bother", ["煬"] = "molten; smelt", ["煮"] = "to cook; to boil", ["煲"] = "pot or saucepan; to boil; cook or heat", ["煻"] = "to warm; to toast", ["煽"] = "fan into a flame; incite", ["熀"] = "dazzle", ["熄"] = "(v) extinguish; quench; go out (of fire)", ["熅"] = "to iron", ["熇"] = "dry", ["熉"] = "(yellow colour)", ["熊"] = "bear; to scold; to rebuke", ["熏"] = "to smoke; scent; fumigate", ["熒"] = "glimmer; glimmering; dazzling; perplexed; {{taxfmt|Polygonatum odoratum|species}} (syn. ''P. officinale'')", ["熔"] = "to smelt; fuse", ["熗"] = "cook in soy", ["熙"] = "prosperous; splendid", ["熛"] = "blaze; flame flaring", ["熟"] = "familiar; skilled; ripe; done; cooked", ["熠"] = "to glow; flash", ["熤"] = "(person)", ["熨"] = "an iron; to iron; reconciled; smooth", ["熬"] = "endure; to boil; stew; to simmer", ["熯"] = "to dry with fire", ["熰"] = "great drought; heat", ["熱"] = "heat; to heat up; fervent; hot (of weather); warm up", ["熲"] = "blaze", ["熳"] = "to spread", ["熵"] = "entropy", ["熸"] = "extinguish (of fire)", ["熹"] = "bright; warm", ["熾"] = "flame; blaze", ["熿"] = "brilliant", ["燀"] = "make a fire", ["燁"] = "blaze of fire; glorious", ["燂"] = "to heat; to scorch", ["燃"] = "burn; combustion", ["燄"] = "flame", ["燈"] = "lamp; light", ["燉"] = "stew", ["燊"] = "brisk; vigorous (of fire)", ["燋"] = "cauterize; scorch", ["燎"] = "singe", ["燏"] = "radiance of fire", ["燐"] = "phosphorus", ["燒"] = "to burn; to cook; to stew; to bake; to roast; fever", ["燔"] = "burn; to roast meat for sacrifice", ["燕"] = "swallow (bird); ''surname''; place name", ["燖"] = "warm up (food)", ["燙"] = "to scald; to burn; to iron; hot", ["燜"] = "cook in a covered vessel", ["營"] = "army; to deal in; to trade; to operate; to run; camp; nourishment; to manage", ["燠"] = "warm", ["燡"] = "blazing; radiant", ["燥"] = "dry; parched; impatient", ["燦"] = "glorious; bright; brilliant; lustrous; resplendent", ["燧"] = "fire; speculum", ["燨"] = "fire", ["燬"] = "blaze; destroy by fire", ["燭"] = "candle", ["燮"] = "harmony; harmonize", ["燴"] = "cooked in soy and vinegar", ["燹"] = "conflagration", ["燻"] = "to smoke; scent; fumigate", ["燼"] = "ashes; embers", ["燾"] = "cover over; to envelope", ["燿"] = "brilliant; glorious", ["爆"] = "to crack; to explode or burst", ["爇"] = "burn; heat; to burn", ["爍"] = "bright; luminous", ["爐"] = "stove", ["爓"] = "flame, brilliant", ["爚"] = "bright; fiery", ["爛"] = "rotten; decayed; well-cooked; mushy; broken; bad; to decay; completely", ["爝"] = "torch", ["爟"] = "light a fire", ["爨"] = "cooking-stove; to cook", ["爪"] = "claw", ["爬"] = "crawl; climb", ["爭"] = "struggle; fight", ["爰"] = "therefore; to lead on to", ["爵"] = "nobility; (ancient wine holder with 3 legs and loop handle)", ["父"] = "father", ["爸"] = "father; dad; pa; papa", ["爹"] = "dad", ["爺"] = "grandpa; etc.; old gentleman", ["爻"] = "lines on a trigram", ["爽"] = "invigorating; straightforward; frank; open; bright; clear", ["爾"] = "thus; so; like that; you; thou", ["牁"] = "place name", ["牂"] = "female sheep; place name", ["牄"] = "to walk rapidly", ["牆"] = "wall", ["片"] = "a slice; piece; flake; thin; slice; disc; sheet", ["版"] = "a register; a block of printing; an edition; version; page", ["牋"] = "letter; note-paper", ["牌"] = "cards; game pieces; signboard; plate; tablet", ["牏"] = "short board; plank", ["牒"] = "(official) document; dispatch", ["牓"] = "tablet; register", ["牖"] = "enlighten; lattice window", ["牘"] = "documents", ["牙"] = "tooth; ivory", ["牛"] = "ox; cow; bull", ["牝"] = "female", ["牟"] = "barley; to moo; usurp", ["牠"] = "it (used for animals)", ["牡"] = "male", ["牢"] = "firm; fast", ["牣"] = "fill up; to stuff", ["牧"] = "shepherd", ["物"] = "thing; object; matter", ["牮"] = "prop up", ["牯"] = "bullock; cow", ["牲"] = "domestic animal", ["牳"] = "(bovine)", ["牴"] = "to butt; resist", ["牷"] = "one-colour bullock", ["牸"] = "female of domestic animals", ["特"] = "special; unusual; extraordinary; male animal", ["牼"] = "shank bone of ox", ["牽"] = "lead along", ["牾"] = "to oppose; to gore", ["牿"] = "shed or pen for cattle", ["犀"] = "rhinoceros", ["犁"] = "plough", ["犆"] = "male animal", ["犉"] = "ox", ["犍"] = "bullock", ["犒"] = "give a bonus to", ["犖"] = "brindled ox; clear; eminent", ["犛"] = "black ox; yak", ["犢"] = "calf; sacrificial victim", ["犧"] = "sacrifice", ["犨"] = "panting of cow; grunting of ox", ["犬"] = "dog", ["犯"] = "to violate; to offend", ["犴"] = "jail", ["犵"] = "name of a tribe", ["犺"] = "fierce dog", ["狀"] = "accusation; suit; state; condition; strong; great", ["狂"] = "conceited; mad", ["狃"] = "accustomed to", ["狄"] = "barbarians; name of a tribe", ["狆"] = "Pekingese", ["狉"] = "be teeming with wild animals; fox-cub", ["狋"] = "appearance of angry dogs; the appearance of dogs fighting", ["狍"] = "roe deer", ["狎"] = "get close to, become intimate with; to neglect; to tease", ["狐"] = "fox", ["狒"] = "hamadryad baboon", ["狗"] = "dog", ["狘"] = "jump", ["狙"] = "(ape); to spy; lie in ambush", ["狠"] = "ruthless; fierce; severe", ["狡"] = "crafty; cunning; sly", ["狨"] = "''[[Callithrix jacchus]]'' (syn. ''Hapale jacchus'')", ["狩"] = "to hunt; to embark on an imperial tour", ["狫"] = "(derogatory) name of a tribe", ["狴"] = "(tapir); mythical tiger-like beast", ["狷"] = "rash, impetuous, impulsive; reserved, overcautious", ["狸"] = "[[raccoon dog]]; [[leopard cat]]", ["狹"] = "narrow; limited; narrow-minded", ["狺"] = "snarling of dogs", ["狻"] = "(mythical animal)", ["狼"] = "wolf", ["狽"] = "a legendary wolf; distressed; wretched", ["猇"] = "the scream or roar of a tiger; to intimidate; to scare", ["猈"] = "dog with short shinbone", ["猊"] = "(mythical animal); lion", ["猋"] = "whirlwind", ["猓"] = "monkey", ["猖"] = "mad; wild", ["猗"] = "(interj.)", ["猘"] = "mad dog", ["猙"] = "hideous; fierce-looking", ["猛"] = "ferocious; suddenly; fierce; violent; abrupt", ["猜"] = "to guess", ["猝"] = "abrupt; hurried", ["猥"] = "humble; rustic; plentiful", ["猩"] = "ape", ["猭"] = "ape; ''[[Hylobates agilis]]''", ["猱"] = "(monkey); scratch", ["猲"] = "short-snout dog; frightened; terrified", ["猴"] = "monkey", ["猶"] = "as if; still", ["猷"] = "to plan; to scheme", ["猺"] = "Yao tribe", ["猾"] = "sly", ["猿"] = "ape", ["獀"] = "dog (dial.); to hunt", ["獃"] = "stay; stupid", ["獄"] = "prison", ["獅"] = "lion", ["獉"] = "jungle", ["獍"] = "an animal which eats its mother", ["獎"] = "prize; award; encouragement", ["獐"] = "river deer; roebuck", ["獒"] = "mastiff", ["獗"] = "unruly; rude", ["獘"] = "collapse", ["獙"] = "die violently", ["獚"] = "spaniel", ["獝"] = "devil", ["獞"] = "name of a variety of dog; wild tribes in South China", ["獠"] = "fierce; hunt; name of a tribe", ["獢"] = "dog", ["獧"] = "timid; cautious", ["獨"] = "alone; independent; single; sole; only", ["獪"] = "crafty; cunning", ["獫"] = "long-snout dog", ["獮"] = "to hunt; kill", ["獯"] = "name of a tribe", ["獰"] = "fierce-looking", ["獲"] = "to catch; to obtain; to capture", ["獳"] = "angry dog", ["獵"] = "hunting", ["獷"] = "fierce, rude, uncivilized", ["獸"] = "beast; quadruped", ["獺"] = "otter", ["獻"] = "to offer", ["獼"] = "macaque", ["獾"] = "badger", ["玀"] = "name of a tribe", ["玁"] = "long-snout dog", ["玃"] = "a large ape found in W. China", ["玄"] = "black; mysterious", ["玅"] = "clever; wonderful", ["玆"] = "now, here; this; time, year", ["率"] = "to lead; command; rate; frequency", ["玈"] = "black", ["玉"] = "jade", ["王"] = "king; Wang (proper name)", ["玎"] = "jingling; tinkling", ["玓"] = "pearly", ["玔"] = "jade ring", ["玖"] = "(black stone); nine (fraud-proof)", ["玗"] = "half pr stone", ["玟"] = "veins in jade; jade-like stone", ["玠"] = "jade tablet indicating rank", ["玢"] = "porphyrites", ["玤"] = "(gem)", ["玥"] = "pearl used in sacrifice", ["玦"] = "half-circle jade ring", ["玨"] = "gems mounted together", ["玩"] = "curios; antiques; to play; to amuse oneself", ["玫"] = "a kind of fine stone", ["玳"] = "tortoise shell; turtle", ["玶"] = "name of one kind of jade", ["玷"] = "blemish; disgrace; flaw in jade", ["玻"] = "glass", ["玼"] = "clear (as in a gem)", ["珀"] = "amber", ["珂"] = "jade-like stone", ["珇"] = "carving on jade", ["珈"] = "gamma; jewellery", ["珊"] = "coral", ["珌"] = "gem on scabbard", ["珍"] = "precious thing; treasure", ["珓"] = "(divination device)", ["珔"] = "(jade)", ["珖"] = "(jade)", ["珙"] = "(gem)", ["珛"] = "quickly-deteriorating jade", ["珞"] = "neck-ornament", ["珠"] = "pearl; bead", ["珣"] = "(gem)", ["珥"] = "pearl or jade earring", ["珧"] = "mother-of-pearl", ["珩"] = "top gem of pendant from girdle", ["珪"] = "jade tablet; silicon", ["班"] = "team; class; rank; squad; a work shift; a measure word; ''surname''", ["珮"] = "girdle ornaments", ["珶"] = "white jade worn on belt", ["珺"] = "beautiful jade", ["珽"] = "sceptre", ["現"] = "appear; present; now; existing; current", ["琀"] = "gems or pearls formerly put into the mouth of a corpse", ["琁"] = "beautiful jade; star", ["球"] = "ball; sphere", ["琅"] = "(gem); tinkling of pendants", ["理"] = "to manage; to heed; to put in order; reason; logic; science; inner principle or structure", ["琇"] = "(jade)", ["琖"] = "wine cup", ["琚"] = "ornamental gems for belt", ["琛"] = "precious stone; gem", ["琠"] = "gem used as ear plug; jade earrings", ["琢"] = "to cut (gems)", ["琤"] = "tinkling of gems", ["琥"] = "amber", ["琦"] = "curio; valuable stone", ["琨"] = "(jade)", ["琪"] = "(white gem); angel", ["琫"] = "gem ornament of scabbard", ["琬"] = "ensign of royalty", ["琭"] = "(jade)", ["琮"] = "''surname''; octagonal jade badge", ["琯"] = "mus. instr.; to polish jade or gold", ["琰"] = "gem; glitter of gems", ["琱"] = "engrave gems", ["琲"] = "necklace", ["琳"] = "gem", ["琴"] = "qin; general name for certain instruments", ["琿"] = "(fine jade)", ["瑀"] = "(chalcedony)", ["瑁"] = "(jade)", ["瑂"] = "(stone which resembles jade)", ["瑄"] = "ornamental piece of jade", ["瑋"] = "(reddish jade); precious; rare", ["瑑"] = "engraved lines", ["瑔"] = "(jade; shell)", ["瑕"] = "blemish; flaw in jade", ["瑗"] = "large jade ring", ["瑚"] = "coral", ["瑛"] = "(crystal); lustrous", ["瑜"] = "excellence; lustre of gems", ["瑞"] = "lucky; auspicious; propitious; rayl (acoustical unit)", ["瑟"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["瑢"] = "gem ornaments for belts", ["瑣"] = "fragmentary; trifling", ["瑤"] = "(jade); Yao; mother-of-pearl", ["瑩"] = "lustre of gems", ["瑭"] = "(jade)", ["瑯"] = "(gem); tinkling of pendants", ["瑰"] = "(semi-precious stone); extraordinary", ["瑱"] = "jade ear-plug", ["瑲"] = "tinkling of gems", ["瑳"] = "lustre of gems", ["瑽"] = "tinkling of jade pendants", ["瑾"] = "brilliancy (of gems)", ["瑿"] = "a black stone like jade; jet", ["璀"] = "lustre of gems", ["璁"] = "(gem)", ["璅"] = "fragmentary; trifling", ["璆"] = "(gem); to tinkle", ["璇"] = "(jade)", ["璈"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["璊"] = "(gem); rouge", ["璋"] = "ancient stone ornament", ["璐"] = "(jade)", ["璘"] = "lustre of gem", ["璚"] = "(red stone); half-circle jade ring", ["璜"] = "semi-circular jade ornament", ["璞"] = "unpolished gem", ["璟"] = "lustre of gem", ["璠"] = "(gem)", ["璡"] = "jade-like stone", ["璣"] = "irregular pearl", ["璥"] = "(gem)", ["璦"] = "jasper; precious stone", ["璧"] = "piece of jade with hole in centre", ["璨"] = "gem; lustre of gem", ["璩"] = "(jade ring); ''surname''", ["璪"] = "pendant of pearls on coronet", ["璫"] = "pendant ornaments", ["璯"] = "jade ornament in the seams of cap", ["環"] = "bracelet; ring (not for finger); to surround; to loop; loop", ["璲"] = "pendant girdle-ornaments", ["璵"] = "(gem)", ["璸"] = "(pearl)", ["璺"] = "a crack, as in porcelain", ["璽"] = "ruler's seal", ["璿"] = "(jade)", ["瓀"] = "opaque; white quartz", ["瓊"] = "(red stone); beautiful", ["瓏"] = "a kind of jade that is for requesting rain and has the figure of Chinese dragon on", ["瓔"] = "necklace", ["瓖"] = "ornaments", ["瓘"] = "jade used for making goblets", ["瓚"] = "libation cup", ["瓛"] = "sceptre", ["瓜"] = "melon; claw; gourd; squash", ["瓞"] = "young melon", ["瓠"] = "gourd", ["瓢"] = "dipper; ladle", ["瓣"] = "petal; section", ["瓤"] = "pulp of fruit", ["瓦"] = "tile", ["瓮"] = "earthen jar; urn", ["瓴"] = "concave channels of tiling", ["瓶"] = "bottle; (a measure word); vase; pitcher", ["瓷"] = "chinaware; porcelain", ["瓻"] = "large wine jar", ["瓿"] = "a kind of vase", ["甀"] = "vase with a small mouth", ["甃"] = "brickwork of well", ["甄"] = "to mould; discriminate", ["甇"] = "earthen jar with long neck", ["甋"] = "a jar without ears", ["甌"] = "bowl; cup", ["甍"] = "rafters supporting tiles", ["甏"] = "a squat jar for holding wine, sauces etc.", ["甑"] = "cauldron; rice pot", ["甒"] = "(vase; jar)", ["甓"] = "glazed tile", ["甔"] = "big jar", ["甕"] = "earthen jar; urn", ["甖"] = "earthen jar with small mouth", ["甗"] = "earthenware vessel", ["甘"] = "sweet; willingly; Gansu province (abbrev.)", ["甚"] = "very; extremely; more (than); what", ["甜"] = "sweet", ["生"] = "to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw", ["甡"] = "multitude; crowd", ["產"] = "to reproduce; to produce; give birth; products; produce; resources; estate; property", ["甥"] = "nephew", ["甦"] = "revive", ["用"] = "to use", ["甩"] = "fling", ["甪"] = "''surname''; place name", ["甫"] = "honorific for men; just; just now", ["甬"] = "5 pecks (M); Ningpo", ["甭"] = "need not", ["甯"] = "peaceful", ["田"] = "field; farm", ["由"] = "follow; from; it is for...to; reason; cause; because of; due to; by; to; to leave it (to someone)", ["甲"] = "1st [[heavenly stem]]; armour; shell", ["申"] = "9th [[earthly branch]]; 3–5 p.m.; to extend; to state; to explain", ["男"] = "male", ["甸"] = "imperial domain; suburb", ["町"] = "raised path between fields", ["甽"] = "drain between fields, irrigation", ["甾"] = "steroid", ["甿"] = "people", ["畀"] = "confer on; give to", ["畇"] = "reclaimed land", ["畈"] = "field; farm", ["畋"] = "cultivate (land); to hunt", ["界"] = "boundary; scope; extent; circles; group; kingdom (taxonomy)", ["畎"] = "field drains", ["畏"] = "to fear", ["畔"] = "bank; field-path", ["留"] = "leave (message); to retain; to stay; to remain; to keep; to preserve", ["畚"] = "a basket or pan used for earth; manure etc", ["畛"] = "border; boundary; field-path", ["畜"] = "to raise (animals); livestock; domesticated animal; domestic animal", ["畝"] = "about 1; 6 acre (M)", ["畟"] = "sharp", ["畢"] = "the whole of; to finish; to complete; complete; full; finished", ["畤"] = "ancient sacrifice", ["略"] = "plan; strategy; outline; summary; slightly; rather; to rob; to plunder; to summarize", ["畦"] = "furrow; small plot of farm land", ["番"] = "(measure word for acts); deeds; foreign; ''surname''; place name", ["畫"] = "draw; picture; painting", ["畬"] = "cultivated field", ["畯"] = "overseer; steppe", ["異"] = "different; unusual; strange", ["當"] = "to act as; represent; equal; should; fitting; suitable; adequate; proper; replace; to be; to hold a position; manage; withstand; when; during; ought; match equally; same; obstruct; just at (a time or place); on the spot; right; just at", ["畷"] = "raised path between fields", ["畸"] = "fractional remains; odd", ["畹"] = "a field of 20 or 30 mu", ["畽"] = "place trodden by animals", ["畾"] = "fields divided by dikes", ["畿"] = "territory around the capital", ["疆"] = "border; boundary", ["疇"] = "arable fields; cultivated field; class; category", ["疊"] = "fold up; repeat", ["疋"] = "a bolt (of cloth)", ["疏"] = "negligent; sparse; thin", ["疐"] = "prostrate", ["疑"] = "to doubt; to misbelieve; to suspect", ["疔"] = "boil; carbuncle", ["疕"] = "facial skin disease; mange", ["疘"] = "anus", ["疚"] = "chronic disease", ["疝"] = "hernia", ["疢"] = "(disease)", ["疣"] = "nodule; wart", ["疤"] = "scar", ["疥"] = "scabies", ["疧"] = "sick", ["疫"] = "epidemic; plague", ["疲"] = "weary", ["疳"] = "rickets", ["疵"] = "blemish; flaw; defect", ["疶"] = "dysentery", ["疸"] = "jaundice", ["疹"] = "measles; rash", ["疼"] = "(it) hurts; love fondly; ache; pain; sore", ["疽"] = "gangrene", ["疾"] = "sickness; disease; hate; envy", ["疿"] = "prickly heat", ["痁"] = "malarial fever", ["痂"] = "scab", ["痄"] = "mumps", ["病"] = "ailment; illness; disease; fall ill; sick; defect", ["症"] = "disease; illness; indication or sign of disease", ["痊"] = "recover (from illness)", ["痌"] = "moaning in pain", ["痍"] = "bruise; sores", ["痏"] = "a bruise or contusion", ["痐"] = "roundworm; ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]''", ["痒"] = "to itch; to tickle", ["痔"] = "piles; haemorrhoid", ["痕"] = "scar; traces; (''Cantonese'') itchy", ["痗"] = "disease caused by anxiety", ["痘"] = "small pox", ["痙"] = "spasm", ["痚"] = "asthma; difficulty in breathing", ["痛"] = "ache; pain; sorrow", ["痞"] = "scoundrel; swelling of the liver", ["痠"] = "aching of limbs", ["痡"] = "sick; disabled", ["痢"] = "dysentery", ["痣"] = "birthmark; mole", ["痤"] = "acne", ["痦"] = "(flat) mole", ["痧"] = "cholera", ["痭"] = "menorrhagia", ["痯"] = "ill-looking", ["痰"] = "phlegm; spittle", ["痱"] = "prickly heat", ["痲"] = "leprosy; numb", ["痴"] = "imbecile; sentimental; stupid; foolish; silly", ["痵"] = "nervous start in sleep", ["痹"] = "paralysis, numbness", ["痺"] = "numb; paralysis", ["痻"] = "to be ill", ["痼"] = "obstinate disease", ["痾"] = "malady", ["痿"] = "atrophy", ["瘀"] = "haematoma; contusion; extravasated", ["瘁"] = "care-worn; distressed; tired; overworked; sick; weary", ["瘃"] = "chilblain", ["瘈"] = "furious; hydrophobia; madness", ["瘉"] = "heal", ["瘊"] = "wart", ["瘋"] = "insane; mad; wild", ["瘌"] = "scabies; scald-head", ["瘍"] = "ulcers; sores", ["瘏"] = "be injured; ill (of animals)", ["瘐"] = "maltreat (as prisoners)", ["瘓"] = "illness; numbness of the limbs", ["瘕"] = "obstruction in the intestine", ["瘖"] = "dumb", ["瘙"] = "itch", ["瘚"] = "to hiccup; the humours of the body", ["瘜"] = "a polypus", ["瘝"] = "incapacitated; inefficient", ["瘞"] = "bury; sacrifice", ["瘟"] = "epidemic; pestilence; plague", ["瘠"] = "barren; lean", ["瘡"] = "sore; skin ulcer", ["瘢"] = "mark; scar on the skin", ["瘤"] = "tumour", ["瘥"] = "disease; recover from disease", ["瘦"] = "tight; thin; lean", ["瘧"] = "malaria", ["瘨"] = "convulsions; crazy", ["瘭"] = "whitlow", ["瘯"] = "(skin disease)", ["瘰"] = "scrofula; tuberculosis of glands", ["瘲"] = "spasms or convulsions in young children, caused by indigestion", ["瘳"] = "convalesce; recover; heal", ["瘴"] = "malaria; miasma", ["瘵"] = "foci of tubercular infection", ["瘸"] = "lame", ["瘺"] = "fistula; sinus", ["瘼"] = "distress; sickness", ["療"] = "to treat; to cure", ["癃"] = "infirmity; retention of urine", ["癆"] = "tuberculosis", ["癇"] = "epilepsy; insanity", ["癈"] = "abrogate, terminate, discard", ["癉"] = "to hate; (disease)", ["癌"] = "cancer; carcinoma", ["癒"] = "heal", ["癖"] = "habit; hobby", ["癘"] = "sore caused by varnish poisoning", ["癙"] = "hidden; secret; scrofula", ["癜"] = "erythema; leucoderm", ["癟"] = "deflated; shrivelled; sunken; empty", ["癠"] = "sick; diseased", ["癡"] = "imbecile; sentimental; stupid; foolish; silly", ["癢"] = "itch", ["癤"] = "pimple, sore, boil", ["癥"] = "obstruction of bowels", ["癩"] = "scabies; skin disease", ["癪"] = "spasms, convulsions, hysteria", ["癬"] = "ringworm", ["癭"] = "goitre; knob on tree", ["癮"] = "addiction; craving", ["癰"] = "carbuncle", ["癱"] = "paralysed", ["癲"] = "convulsions; crazy", ["癸"] = "10th [[heavenly stem]]", ["登"] = "to go up; to climb; ascend; mount; register; note; to publish; to issue; to record", ["發"] = "to send out; to show (one's feeling); to issue; to develop", ["白"] = "white; empty; blank; bright; clear; plain; pure; gratuitous", ["百"] = "hundred", ["皁"] = "black; police runners, from the black clothes formerly worn by them", ["皂"] = "soap; black", ["的"] = "really and truly; aim; clear; (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle); of", ["皆"] = "all; each and every; in all cases", ["皇"] = "emperor; ''surname''", ["皈"] = "comply with; follow", ["皋"] = "bank; marsh", ["皎"] = "bright; white", ["皓"] = "bright; d (19th); white", ["皖"] = "Anhui", ["皙"] = "white", ["皚"] = "white (of snow, etc.)", ["皜"] = "clear; white", ["皝"] = "luminous; bright hoary, white", ["皞"] = "bright, brilliant", ["皤"] = "white", ["皦"] = "sparkling; bright", ["皪"] = "lustre (of pearls)", ["皫"] = "white", ["皭"] = "pure", ["皮"] = "leather; skin; fur", ["皰"] = "pimple", ["皴"] = "chapped; cracked", ["皸"] = "to chap", ["皺"] = "to wrinkle; wrinkled; to crease", ["皽"] = "scab", ["皿"] = "shallow container; rad. no. 108", ["盂"] = "container; cup", ["盃"] = "cup", ["盅"] = "cup", ["盆"] = "basin", ["盈"] = "full; filled; surplus", ["益"] = "benefit; increase", ["盍"] = "why not", ["盎"] = "abundant; bowl; dish; pot", ["盒"] = "small box; case", ["盔"] = "helmet", ["盚"] = "''surname''", ["盛"] = "flourishing; to hold; contain; to ladle; pick up with a utensil; ''surname''", ["盜"] = "steal; rob; plunder; a thief; bandit; robber", ["盝"] = "box case", ["盞"] = "''classifier for lamps or cups of drink''", ["盟"] = "oath; pledge; union; to ally", ["盡"] = "to use up; to exhaust; to end; to finish; to the utmost; exhausted; finished; to the limit (of something)", ["監"] = "supervisor; hard; strong; solid; firm; to supervise; to inspect; jail; prison", ["盤"] = "dish; tray; to build; to check; to examine; to transfer; (a measure word used for dishes of food or coils of wire); to coil", ["盥"] = "wash (especially hands)", ["盦"] = "container", ["盧"] = "''surname''", ["盩"] = "name of a district in Shaanxi", ["盪"] = "agitate; swing; sway", ["盬"] = "covered pot", ["盭"] = "unreasonable; violent", ["目"] = "eye; item; section; list; catalogue; table of contents; (taxonomy) order; goal; name; title", ["盯"] = "stare; gaze", ["盱"] = "''surname''; anxious; stare", ["盲"] = "blind", ["直"] = "straight; vertical; frank; directly; straightly; upright", ["盵"] = "''surname''", ["相"] = "each other; appearance; portrait; picture; one another; mutually", ["盹"] = "doze; nap", ["盻"] = "glare at", ["盼"] = "to hope for; to long for; to expect", ["盾"] = "shield", ["省"] = "comprehend; introspect; visit; frugal; save; to omit; to leave out; to save (money); province", ["眄"] = "ogle", ["眅"] = "show the whites of eyes", ["眇"] = "minute (small); subtle", ["眈"] = "gaze intently", ["眉"] = "eyebrow; upper margin", ["眊"] = "having poor eyesight", ["看"] = "to see; to look at; to look after; to take care of; to watch; to guard; it depends; think", ["眑"] = "sunken eyes; deep; abstruse", ["眕"] = "restrain anger", ["眙"] = "place name", ["眚"] = "cataract of the eye; error", ["眛"] = "blind; imperceptive", ["真"] = "real; true; genuine", ["眠"] = "sleep", ["眢"] = "inflamed eyelids; parched", ["眣"] = "prominent eyes", ["眥"] = "canthus", ["眨"] = "wink", ["眩"] = "dizzy; dazzled", ["眭"] = "evil look of deep-set eyes", ["眯"] = "blind (as with dust)", ["眴"] = "dazzled; dizzy", ["眵"] = "gritty secretion in eyes", ["眶"] = "eye socket", ["眷"] = "concern; wife and children", ["眸"] = "pupil of the eye", ["眹"] = "pupil", ["眺"] = "gaze afar", ["眼"] = "eye", ["眽"] = "to gaze; to ogle to look at", ["眾"] = "numerous; multitude; crowd", ["睅"] = "protuberant eyes", ["睆"] = "good-looking; cute", ["睇"] = "look down upon; (Cantonese) to look; to see; to look after; to think", ["睊"] = "look", ["睍"] = "goggle-eyed", ["睎"] = "to long for; to gaze at", ["睏"] = "sleepy; doze off", ["睒"] = "furtively glance; glittering", ["睖"] = "to stare straight ahead", ["睙"] = "to roll the eyeballs to look", ["睛"] = "eye", ["睜"] = "to open (eye)", ["睞"] = "gaze; stare", ["睟"] = "bright eye; clear", ["睠"] = "look fondly", ["睡"] = "to sleep", ["睢"] = "''surname''; stare", ["督"] = "supervise", ["睥"] = "look askance", ["睦"] = "friendly", ["睨"] = "look askance", ["睪"] = "testicle; to spy on", ["睫"] = "eyelashes", ["睬"] = "pay attention; take notice of; to care for", ["睯"] = "to be agonized; worried", ["睹"] = "observe; see", ["睽"] = "separated; stare", ["睿"] = "astute; perspicacious; farsighted", ["瞀"] = "indistinct vision; dim", ["瞄"] = "to aim", ["瞅"] = "to look", ["瞇"] = "to squint", ["瞋"] = "angry at", ["瞌"] = "doze off; sleepy", ["瞍"] = "blind", ["瞎"] = "blind", ["瞏"] = "gaze in terror; lonely", ["瞑"] = "close the eyes", ["瞕"] = "cataract in the eye", ["瞞"] = "conceal from", ["瞟"] = "cast a glance", ["瞠"] = "stare at something beyond reach", ["瞢"] = "eyesight obscured; to feel ashamed", ["瞥"] = "blink; glance", ["瞧"] = "look at", ["瞪"] = "stare at", ["瞫"] = "''surname''", ["瞬"] = "to wink", ["瞭"] = "look afar from a high place; clear", ["瞰"] = "bird's-eye view; glance", ["瞳"] = "pupil of the eye", ["瞵"] = "to stare at", ["瞷"] = "to spy", ["瞻"] = "gaze; view", ["瞼"] = "eyelid", ["瞽"] = "blind", ["瞿"] = "''surname''; startled", ["矇"] = "dim sighted; ignorant; deceive; cheat; hoodwink", ["矍"] = "''surname''; glance fearfully", ["矓"] = "hazy; unclear", ["矔"] = "brilliant (of eyes)", ["矗"] = "lofty; upright", ["矙"] = "bird's-eye view; glance", ["矚"] = "to gaze at; to stare at", ["矛"] = "spear; lance; pike", ["矜"] = "boast; esteem; sympathize", ["矞"] = "grand; elegant; propitious", ["矢"] = "arrow; dart", ["矣"] = "final particle", ["知"] = "to know; to be aware", ["矧"] = "(interrog.)", ["矩"] = "carpenter's square; rule", ["矬"] = "short", ["短"] = "lack; short", ["矮"] = "short (not tall)", ["矯"] = "dissemble; rectify", ["矰"] = "arrow with a streamer", ["矱"] = "standard; norm", ["石"] = "rock; stone; 10 pecks", ["矸"] = "a rock or cliff", ["矻"] = "to toil", ["矼"] = "stone bridge", ["矽"] = "silicon", ["砂"] = "sand; gravel; granule", ["砃"] = "white stone", ["砅"] = "cross stream by stepping on stones", ["砆"] = "agate; inferior gem", ["砌"] = "to build by laying bricks or stones", ["砍"] = "to chop", ["砑"] = "to calender", ["砒"] = "arsenic", ["研"] = "grind fine; study; research", ["砟"] = "fragments", ["砠"] = "rocky hill", ["砢"] = "a heap; pile (of rocks)", ["砣"] = "steelyard weight", ["砥"] = "baffle (pier); whetstone", ["砦"] = "stronghold; stockade", ["砧"] = "base for beating or chopping", ["砩"] = "name of a stone; dam up water with rocks", ["砫"] = "ancestral tablet", ["砭"] = "a stone probe; acupuncture", ["砮"] = "flint", ["砰"] = "sound of crashing; thunder", ["砲"] = "gun; cannon", ["砳"] = "rocky", ["破"] = "to break; to split; broken; damaged; worn out", ["砵"] = "alms bowl", ["砷"] = "arsenic", ["砸"] = "smash; smashed", ["硃"] = "vermilion", ["硅"] = "silicon", ["硍"] = "rumbling of rolling stones", ["硎"] = "whetstone", ["硒"] = "selenium", ["硜"] = "obstinate", ["硝"] = "saltpetre; to tan (leather)", ["硤"] = "place name", ["硫"] = "sulfur", ["硬"] = "hard; stiff; strong; firm", ["硭"] = "crude saltpetre", ["确"] = "authenticated; solid; firm", ["硯"] = "ink-stone", ["硻"] = "obstinate", ["硼"] = "boron", ["硾"] = "iodide; to weight", ["碃"] = "(stone)", ["碇"] = "anchor", ["碉"] = "Tibetan stone house", ["碌"] = "laborious; small stone; to record; to tape; to write down; to hire; to employ", ["碎"] = "to break down; to break into pieces; fragmentary", ["碏"] = "(gems)", ["碑"] = "a monument; an upright stone tablet; stele", ["碓"] = "pestle; pound with a pestle", ["碔"] = "inferior gem", ["碗"] = "bowl; cup", ["碘"] = "iodine", ["碚"] = "place name in Chongqing", ["碞"] = "cliff", ["碟"] = "dish; plate", ["碣"] = "stone tablet", ["碧"] = "green jade; bluish green; blue; jade", ["碩"] = "large; big", ["碪"] = "anvil", ["碫"] = "coarse stone (used for whetstone)", ["碬"] = "whetstone", ["碭"] = "stone with colour veins", ["碰"] = "to touch; to meet with; to bump", ["碲"] = "tellurium", ["碳"] = "carbon", ["碴"] = "fault; glass fragment; quarrel", ["確"] = "authenticated; solid; firm; real; true", ["碻"] = "solid; firm", ["碼"] = "a weight; number; yard; code; pile; stack", ["碾"] = "stone roller", ["磁"] = "magnetic; magnetism; porcelain", ["磅"] = "a measure word; pound (unit of measurement); scale; weigh", ["磈"] = "rocky; stony", ["磉"] = "stone plinth", ["磊"] = "lumpy; rock pile; uneven", ["磋"] = "deliberate; to polish", ["磎"] = "mountain stream, creek", ["磐"] = "firm; stable; rock", ["磑"] = "mill", ["磔"] = "tearing off limbs as punishment", ["磕"] = "to tap; knock", ["磚"] = "brick", ["磛"] = "cliff; peak", ["磠"] = "ammonium", ["磡"] = "dangerous sea-cliff", ["磣"] = "gritty", ["磥"] = "a heap of stones; boulders", ["磧"] = "moraine; rocks in shallow water", ["磨"] = "grindstone; to sharpen; to delay; hardship; to grind; to rub", ["磪"] = "a high mountain; precipitous", ["磬"] = "ancient percussion instrument made from stone or jade", ["磯"] = "breakwater; jetty", ["磴"] = "cliff-ledge; stone step", ["磷"] = "phosphorus", ["磹"] = "stone wedge", ["磺"] = "sulfur", ["磻"] = "name of a river in Shaanxi", ["磽"] = "stony soil", ["礁"] = "reef; shoal rock", ["礄"] = "bridge", ["礅"] = "stone block", ["礎"] = "foundation; base", ["礙"] = "to hinder; to obstruct; to block", ["礞"] = "(mineral)", ["礡"] = "fill; extend", ["礦"] = "ore; mine", ["礧"] = "roll stone down hill; stone pile", ["礪"] = "grind; sandstone", ["礫"] = "gravel; small stone", ["礬"] = "alum", ["礱"] = "grind; mill", ["礵"] = "arsenic", ["示"] = "to show; reveal", ["礽"] = "blessings", ["社"] = "society; group", ["礿"] = "spring imperial ancestral sacrifice", ["祀"] = "offer sacrifice to", ["祁"] = "''surname''", ["祂"] = "he, it (pronoun used for God)", ["祅"] = "calamity from terrestrial disorder", ["祆"] = "Ormazda, god of the Zoroastrians, extended to god of the Manicheans", ["祇"] = "but; only; earth-spirit; peace", ["祈"] = "implore; pray; please", ["祉"] = "felicity", ["祊"] = "side altar inside ancestral temple", ["祏"] = "stone shrine", ["祐"] = "protect", ["祓"] = "cleanse; remove evil", ["祔"] = "worship ancestors", ["祕"] = "secret", ["祖"] = "ancestor; forefather; grandparents", ["祗"] = "respectful(ly)", ["祚"] = "blessing; the throne", ["祛"] = "to exorcize", ["祜"] = "celestial blessing", ["祝"] = "invoke; pray to; wish; to express good wishes", ["神"] = "God; unusual; mysterious; soul; spirit; divine essence; lively; spiritual being", ["祟"] = "evil spirit", ["祠"] = "ancestral hall; temple", ["祥"] = "auspicious; propitious", ["祧"] = "ancestral hall", ["票"] = "bank note; ticket", ["祫"] = "triennial sacrifice to ancestors", ["祭"] = "offer sacrifice; hold memorial service", ["祲"] = "evil force", ["祺"] = "felicity", ["祼"] = "pour out libation", ["祿"] = "good fortune; official salary", ["禁"] = "to prohibit; to forbid; endure", ["禂"] = "to pray; prayer", ["禊"] = "purification ceremony", ["禋"] = "sacrifice", ["禍"] = "disaster", ["禎"] = "auspicious; lucky", ["福"] = "good fortune; happiness; luck; Fujian province (abbrev.); ''surname''", ["禔"] = "well-being", ["禕"] = "excellent; precious; rare", ["禖"] = "heir-requesting sacrifice", ["禘"] = "imperial ancestral sacrifice", ["禚"] = "place name", ["禜"] = "sacrifice", ["禠"] = "felicity; blessing", ["禡"] = "sacrifice to god of war", ["禢"] = "''surname''", ["禤"] = "''surname''", ["禦"] = "defend; resist", ["禧"] = "favourable luck; good fortune", ["禨"] = "omen; pray", ["禪"] = "abdicate; meditation; abstraction; (Zen) Buddhism", ["禫"] = "sacrifice at the end of mourning", ["禮"] = "gift; propriety; rite", ["禰"] = "temple of deceased father; ''surname''", ["禱"] = "prayer; pray; supplication", ["禳"] = "sacrifice for avoiding calamity", ["禴"] = "spring imperial ancestral sacrifice", ["禸"] = "trample", ["禹"] = "name of an emperor", ["禺"] = "(place); district", ["禽"] = "birds; fowl", ["禾"] = "cereal; grain", ["禿"] = "bald; blunt", ["秀"] = "to ear; beautiful; elegant; outstanding; to show; to display; show", ["私"] = "personal; private; selfish", ["秈"] = "common rice", ["秉"] = "to grasp; hold; maintain", ["秋"] = "autumn; fall; harvest time; a swing", ["秏"] = "to waste, to destroy, to diminish", ["科"] = "branch of study; administrative section; division; field; branch; stage directions; family (taxonomy); rules; laws; to mete out (punishment); to levy (taxes, etc.); to fine someone", ["秒"] = "(a measure word); second", ["秕"] = "grain not fully grown; husks; withered grain; unripe grain", ["秘"] = "secret", ["租"] = "rent; taxes", ["秠"] = "(millet)", ["秣"] = "feed a horse with grain; horse feed", ["秤"] = "steelyard; steel yard; scales", ["秦"] = "''surname''; name of a dynasty", ["秧"] = "shoots; sprouts", ["秩"] = "order; orderliness", ["秪"] = "only, merely", ["秫"] = "{{taxlink|Panicum italicum|species}}", ["秬"] = "black millet", ["秭"] = "billion", ["秷"] = "sound of reaping", ["秸"] = "stalks of millet, corn", ["移"] = "to move; to shift; to change; to alter; to remove", ["稀"] = "diluted; sparse", ["稂"] = "grass; weeds", ["稅"] = "taxes; duties", ["稈"] = "stalks of grain", ["稊"] = "grass; tares", ["程"] = "rule; order; regulations; formula; journey; procedure; sequence; ''surname''", ["稌"] = "glutinous rice", ["稍"] = "somewhat; a little", ["稑"] = "late-planted early-ripening grain", ["稔"] = "ripe grain", ["稗"] = "millet; {{taxlink|Panicum crus|species}}", ["稙"] = "early-planted crop", ["稚"] = "infantile; young", ["稛"] = "full", ["稜"] = "corner; square beam", ["稞"] = "(wheat)", ["稟"] = "natural property or endowment; report to (a superior)", ["稠"] = "dense; crowded; thick; many", ["種"] = "to plant; to cultivate; kind; type; race; breed; seed; species (taxonomy)", ["稱"] = "to call; to praise; to weigh; to estimate; to consider; to address; to name; to say; commend; steelyard; balanced; to fit; well-off; suitable", ["稷"] = "(millet)", ["稹"] = "accumulate; fine and close", ["稻"] = "paddy; rice", ["稼"] = "sow grain", ["稽"] = "bow to the ground; inspect; check", ["稿"] = "manuscript; draft; stalk of grain", ["穀"] = "grain; corn", ["穄"] = "(millet)", ["穆"] = "solemn", ["穇"] = "{{taxlink|Panicum frumentaceum|species}}", ["穈"] = "porridge; rice sprouts", ["穋"] = "late-planted early-ripening grain", ["穌"] = "revive", ["積"] = "to amass; to accumulate; to store; old; long-standing", ["穎"] = "clever; gifted", ["穗"] = "ear of grain", ["穜"] = "early-planted late-ripening grain", ["穟"] = "ear of grain", ["穠"] = "thickly clustered (as blossoms)", ["穡"] = "gather in harvest", ["穢"] = "dirt; filth", ["穧"] = "stack grain stalks evenly", ["穨"] = "become bald; decadent", ["穩"] = "settled; steady; stable", ["穫"] = "reap; harvest", ["穭"] = "wild grain", ["穮"] = "to weed", ["穰"] = "abundant; stalk of grain", ["穴"] = "hole; cave", ["穵"] = "dig; scoop out", ["究"] = "after all; to investigate; to study carefully", ["穸"] = "the gloom of the grave; a tomb or grave; death", ["穹"] = "arched; lofty; vast", ["空"] = "emptied; leisure; air; sky; empty; in vain", ["穿"] = "to bore through; pierce; perforate; penetrate; pass through; to dress; to wear; to put on; to thread", ["窀"] = "grave", ["突"] = "to dash; to move forward quickly", ["窄"] = "narrow", ["窅"] = "deep", ["窆"] = "put a coffin in grave", ["窈"] = "deep; quiet and elegant", ["窊"] = "lowland swamp", ["窋"] = "in a hole", ["窌"] = "cellar", ["窒"] = "obstruct; stop up", ["窔"] = "dark; deep; southeast corner of room", ["窕"] = "quiet and elegant", ["窖"] = "cellar", ["窗"] = "shutter; window", ["窘"] = "distressed; embarrassed", ["窞"] = "pit; cave", ["窟"] = "cave; hole", ["窠"] = "nest", ["窣"] = "rush out of a den; rustling", ["窨"] = "cellar; to scent tea with flowers", ["窩"] = "nest", ["窪"] = "depression; sunken; swamp", ["窬"] = "hole in a wall", ["窮"] = "exhausted; poor", ["窯"] = "kiln; oven", ["窳"] = "bad; useless; weak", ["窴"] = "fill in", ["窵"] = "deep; distant; profound", ["窶"] = "poor; rustic", ["窸"] = "disturbing noises", ["窺"] = "peep; pry into", ["窾"] = "hollow; ignorant", ["窿"] = "cavity; hole", ["竁"] = "dig a hole", ["竄"] = "flee; escape; run away; leap", ["竅"] = "intelligence; opening", ["竇"] = "hole; aperture; cavity; (anatomy) sinus", ["竊"] = "steal; secretly; personally", ["立"] = "set up; to stand", ["竑"] = "large; to estimate", ["站"] = "station; to stand; to halt; to stop", ["竟"] = "unexpectedly; actually; to go so far as to; indeed", ["章"] = "chapter; seal; section", ["竣"] = "complete; finish", ["童"] = "boy; child; children", ["竦"] = "horrified; incite; raise", ["竭"] = "exhaust", ["端"] = "end; extremity; item; port; to hold something level with both hands; to carry; regular", ["競"] = "to compete; to contend; to struggle", ["竹"] = "bamboo", ["竺"] = "''surname''", ["竽"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["竿"] = "pole", ["笄"] = "15 years old; hairpin for bun", ["笆"] = "an article made of bamboo strips; fence", ["笈"] = "trunks (for books)", ["笊"] = "", ["笎"] = "bamboo with black patches", ["笏"] = "tablet held at an audience", ["笐"] = "bamboos placed across wooden frames on which grain may be stored in damp climates", ["笑"] = "laugh; smile", ["笙"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["笛"] = "flute", ["笞"] = "to whip with bamboo strips", ["笠"] = "bamboo rain hat", ["笤"] = "", ["笥"] = "hamper; trunk", ["符"] = "mark; sign; talisman; to seal; to correspond (to); tally; symbol; written charm; to coincide", ["笨"] = "stupid; foolish; silly; slow-witted; clumsy", ["笪"] = "''surname''; rough bamboo mat", ["笫"] = "planks of bed; sleeping-mat", ["第"] = "(''ordinal prefix''); -th; rank", ["笭"] = "bamboo screen", ["笮"] = "board under tiles on roof; narrow", ["笰"] = "duster", ["笱"] = "basket for trapping fish", ["笲"] = "osier basket of brides", ["笳"] = "whistle made of reed", ["笵"] = "bamboo mould", ["笸"] = "flat basket-tray", ["笻"] = "note: song screen font is wrong. should be", ["筅"] = "bamboo brush for utensils", ["筆"] = "pen; pencil; writing brush; to write or compose; the strokes of Chinese characters", ["筇"] = "species of bamboo", ["筈"] = "arrow end", ["等"] = "class; rank; grade; equal to; same as; wait for; await; et cetera; and so on", ["筊"] = "bamboo rope", ["筋"] = "muscle", ["筌"] = "bamboo fish trap", ["筍"] = "bamboo shoot", ["筎"] = "thin outside skin of bamboo", ["筏"] = "raft (of logs)", ["筐"] = "basket", ["筑"] = "build; five-string lute", ["築"] = "build; five-string lute", ["筒"] = "tube; cylinder", ["答"] = "reply; answer; return; respond; echo; to answer; agree", ["策"] = "method; plan; policy; scheme", ["筘"] = "(a measure of width of cloth)", ["筠"] = "skin of bamboo", ["筤"] = "young bamboo", ["筥"] = "round bamboo basket", ["筦"] = "''surname''; to control; tube; pipe", ["筧"] = "bamboo water pipe", ["筩"] = "tube; cylinder", ["筭"] = "regard as; to figure", ["筮"] = "divine by stalk", ["筰"] = "cable", ["筱"] = "dwarf bamboo; thin bamboo", ["筲"] = "basket; bucket", ["筳"] = "bamboo pole; spindle", ["筴"] = "policy; scheme", ["筵"] = "bamboo mat for sitting", ["筷"] = "chopstick", ["筸"] = "name of a place in Henan", ["箂"] = "(bamboo)", ["箇"] = "general classifier", ["箊"] = "bamboo with thin; wide leaves", ["箋"] = "letter; note-paper", ["箍"] = "hoop; bind with hoops", ["箎"] = "bamboo flute with 8 holes", ["箏"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["箐"] = "to draw a bamboo bow or crossbow", ["箑"] = "fan", ["箔"] = "bamboo screen; door screen; metal foil; leaf; sheet; tinsel", ["箕"] = "winnow basket", ["算"] = "regard as; to figure; to calculate; to compute", ["箘"] = "bamboo shoots", ["箙"] = "quiver", ["箛"] = "(bamboo); trumpet for chariots", ["箜"] = "ancient string music instrument", ["箝"] = "pliers; pincers; to clamp", ["箠"] = "flog; whip", ["管"] = "to take care (of); to control; to manage; to be in charge of; to look after; to run; tube; pipe", ["箬"] = "(bamboo); skin of bamboo", ["箭"] = "arrow", ["箯"] = "bamboo sedan chair", ["箱"] = "box; trunk; chest", ["箴"] = "warn", ["箸"] = "chopsticks", ["箾"] = "hit with a pole; pole dance", ["節"] = "festival; section; segment; point; part; to economize; to save; temperate", ["篁"] = "(bamboo); bamboo grove", ["範"] = "model", ["篆"] = "seal characters", ["篇"] = "sheet; piece of writing; (a measure word); chapter; article", ["篋"] = "portfolio; trunk", ["篌"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["篔"] = "(bamboo)", ["篘"] = "basket for straining; to strain", ["篙"] = "pole for punting boats", ["篚"] = "round covered basket", ["篛"] = "cuticle of bamboo plant", ["篜"] = "bamboo", ["篝"] = "bamboo frame for drying clothes", ["篟"] = "luxuriant growth of bamboo", ["篠"] = "dwarf bamboo", ["篡"] = "to seize; to usurp", ["篢"] = "bamboo hat", ["篤"] = "serious (illness); sincere; true", ["篥"] = "bamboos good for poles; horn", ["篦"] = "fine-toothed comb; to comb", ["篧"] = "creel for trapping fish", ["篨"] = "crude bamboo mat", ["篩"] = "to filter; to sift; to sieve", ["篪"] = "bamboo flute with 8 holes", ["篰"] = "sieve-like utensil", ["篲"] = "broom", ["篳"] = "wicker", ["篴"] = "flute", ["篷"] = "sail", ["篹"] = "compose; compile; food; delicacies", ["篾"] = "bamboo splints for baskets", ["簁"] = "sieve; to sift, to strain", ["簃"] = "small house connected to large one", ["簆"] = "healds of a loom", ["簇"] = "crowded; frame work for silkworms; gather foliage; a measure word; bunch", ["簋"] = "round basket of bamboo", ["簌"] = "dense vegetation; sieve", ["簍"] = "deep basket", ["簏"] = "box; basket", ["簑"] = "raincape made of grass", ["簜"] = "(bamboo)", ["簞"] = "round basket for cooked rice", ["簟"] = "fine woven grass mat", ["簠"] = "basket used in state worship", ["簡"] = "simple", ["簣"] = "basket for carrying soil", ["簥"] = "large pipe", ["簦"] = "large umbrella for stalls", ["簧"] = "metallic reed; spring of lock", ["簨"] = "cross-beam for hanging bells", ["簪"] = "hairpin", ["簫"] = "(flute); pan pipes; xiao - a vertical bamboo flute", ["簬"] = "(bamboo)", ["簰"] = "bamboo raft", ["簷"] = "eaves", ["簸"] = "dust pan; toss (as waves); to winnow", ["簹"] = "(bamboo)", ["簻"] = "big; hunger", ["簽"] = "sign one's name", ["簾"] = "curtain", ["簿"] = "a book; a register; account-book", ["籀"] = "''surname''; (writing); develop", ["籃"] = "basket; goal", ["籊"] = "long bamboo (for fishing rod)", ["籌"] = "a tally; counter; ticket; plan; devise; manage", ["籍"] = "record; register; native place", ["籐"] = "rattan; cane", ["籓"] = "big winnow basket", ["籔"] = "basket for draining rice", ["籙"] = "chart; list; memorandum", ["籚"] = "basket made of rush; spear-shaft", ["籛"] = "''surname''", ["籜"] = "sheath around joints of bamboo", ["籟"] = "music; musical pipe with 3 reeds", ["籠"] = "basket; cage", ["籣"] = "bow case; quiver", ["籤"] = "a note; a stick; sign one's name", ["籥"] = "flute; key", ["籧"] = "crude bamboo mat", ["籩"] = "basket for fruits", ["籪"] = "bamboo fish trap", ["籫"] = "bamboo utensil", ["籬"] = "a fence", ["籮"] = "basket", ["籯"] = "slender basket for chopsticks", ["籲"] = "implore", ["米"] = "rice; metre", ["籵"] = "dm", ["籸"] = "residue from oil making", ["籹"] = "cakes of rice-flour and honey", ["籽"] = "seeds", ["粁"] = "kilometre", ["粉"] = "dust; powder", ["粑"] = "tsamba (food in Tibet)", ["粒"] = "a grain; a granule", ["粔"] = "cakes made from rice flour twisted into rings", ["粕"] = "grains in distilled liquor", ["粗"] = "coarse; rough; thick; unfinished; vulgar; rude; crude", ["粘"] = "to stick; paste; sticky", ["粞"] = "ground rice; thresh rice", ["粟"] = "grain; millet", ["粢"] = "common millet", ["粥"] = "congee; gruel; porridge", ["粨"] = "hectometre", ["粱"] = "millet", ["粲"] = "beautiful; bright; splendid; smilingly", ["粵"] = "Cantonese; Guangdong", ["粹"] = "pure; unmixed; essence", ["粺"] = "polished rice", ["粻"] = "food; white cooked rice", ["粼"] = "clear (as of water)", ["粽"] = "rice dumplings wrapped in leaves", ["精"] = "energy; perfect; excellent; refined; very; proficient", ["粿"] = "cooked rice for making cake", ["糅"] = "mix", ["糈"] = "official pay; sacrificial rice", ["糊"] = "paste; cream; muddled; scorched", ["糒"] = "food for a journey; cakes", ["糔"] = "to wash (rice; etc.)", ["糕"] = "cake", ["糖"] = "sugar; sweets; candy", ["糗"] = "''surname''; dry provisions", ["糙"] = "rough; coarse (in texture)", ["糜"] = "dissolved; rice-gruel; wasted", ["糝"] = "to mix (of powders)", ["糞"] = "manure; dung", ["糟"] = "alcohol dregs; to waste; decayed", ["糠"] = "husk", ["糢"] = "blurred", ["糧"] = "grain; provisions", ["糨"] = "starch; paste; to starch", ["糯"] = "glutinous rice", ["糰"] = "dumpling", ["糱"] = "fermenting grain; yeast", ["糲"] = "coarse (grain)", ["糴"] = "buy up (grain)", ["糶"] = "sell (grain from granary)", ["糸"] = "fine silk", ["系"] = "be; system; to tie; department; faculty", ["糾"] = "gather together; to investigate; to entangle; correct", ["紀"] = "discipline; age; era; period; order; record", ["紂"] = "name of an emperor; saddle crupper", ["紃"] = "bind; silk cords", ["約"] = "appointment; agreement; to arrange; to restrict; approximately; weigh", ["紅"] = "red; revolutionary; prosperity; bonus; popular", ["紆"] = "''surname''; cord; twist", ["紇"] = "tassels; knot", ["紈"] = "white; white silk", ["紉"] = "to string; to thread (needle)", ["紊"] = "involved; tangled; disorder", ["紋"] = "line; trace; mark", ["納"] = "to accept; to pay (taxes, etc.)", ["紐"] = "to turn; to wrench; button", ["紑"] = "bright; glossy (of silk)", ["紓"] = "slow; to free from", ["純"] = "pure; simple; unmixed; genuine", ["紕"] = "error; carelessness; spoiled silk", ["紗"] = "cotton yarn; muslin", ["紘"] = "cord for hat; vast", ["紙"] = "paper", ["級"] = "level; grade; rank; step", ["紛"] = "numerous; disorderly", ["紜"] = "numerous", ["紝"] = "thread used for weaving", ["紞"] = "silk fringe of a coronet", ["紟"] = "a sash; to tie", ["素"] = "plain; element", ["紡"] = "spin", ["索"] = "to search; to demand; to ask; to exact; large rope; isolated", ["紩"] = "to stitch; mend", ["紫"] = "purple; violet; imperial; palace", ["紬"] = "silk", ["紮"] = "tie with string or ribbon; bind with rope or cord; to stop", ["累"] = "accumulate; implicate; tired; cumbersome", ["細"] = "fine; minutely; thin; slender", ["紱"] = "ribbon for a seal; sash", ["紲"] = "leash; rein", ["紳"] = "member of gentry", ["紵"] = "Boehmeria nivea", ["紹"] = "connect; to introduce", ["紺"] = "violet or purple", ["紼"] = "heavy rope; rope of a bier", ["紽"] = "braid on a robe", ["紾"] = "crooked; obstinate; twist a cord", ["紿"] = "bind; pretend; to fool", ["絀"] = "crimson silk; deficiency; to stitch", ["絁"] = "rough, indelicate silk", ["終"] = "end; finish", ["絃"] = "string of mus. instr.", ["組"] = "to form; compose; make up; group; to organize; cord", ["絅"] = "monotone garment with no lining", ["絆"] = "to trip; stumble; hinder", ["絏"] = "leash; rein", ["結"] = "knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit); bond; to tie; to bind", ["絓"] = "anxious; coarse silk; fasten", ["絕"] = "cut short; extinct; to disappear; to vanish; absolutely; by no means", ["絖"] = "fine floss-silk or cotton", ["絛"] = "braid; cord; sash", ["絜"] = "marking line; pure; regulate; clean", ["絞"] = "hang (a criminal); to turn; to twist; to wind", ["絡"] = "net-like; small net", ["絢"] = "adorned; swift", ["給"] = "to supply; provide; to; for; for the benefit of; to give; to allow; to do something (for someone); (passive particle)", ["絨"] = "velvet; woolen", ["絪"] = "generative force; magic emanation", ["絮"] = "line with cotton wadding", ["絰"] = "hempen cloth worn by mourner", ["統"] = "to gather; to unite; to unify; whole", ["絲"] = "silk; thread; trace", ["絳"] = "purple-red", ["絹"] = "thick but loosely woven silk", ["絺"] = "fine fibres of hemp; linen", ["絻"] = "cap", ["絿"] = "urgent; pressing", ["綀"] = "a kind of sackcloth", ["綁"] = "to tie; bind or fasten together", ["綃"] = "raw silk", ["綅"] = "red silk crest of helmet", ["綆"] = "rope; well-rope", ["綈"] = "coarse greenish black pongee", ["綌"] = "coarse hempen fabric", ["綍"] = "heavy rope; ropes of a bier", ["綎"] = "silk braided cord", ["綏"] = "pacify", ["綑"] = "a bunch; tie together", ["經"] = "classics; sacred book; pass through; to undergo; scripture", ["綖"] = "cap tassels", ["綜"] = "to sum up", ["綠"] = "green", ["綢"] = "(light) silk", ["綣"] = "bound in a league", ["綦"] = "dark grey; superlative; variegated", ["綪"] = "dark red colour (of silk product)", ["綬"] = "cord on a seal", ["維"] = "to preserve; to maintain; to hold together; dimension", ["綮"] = "embroidered banner", ["綯"] = "bind; cord; twist", ["綰"] = "bind up; string together", ["綱"] = "head rope of a fishing net; guiding principle; key link; (taxonomy) class; outline; programme", ["網"] = "net; network", ["綴"] = "sew; stitch together; combine; link; connect", ["綵"] = "coloured; variegated", ["綸"] = "classify; silk thread; twist silk", ["綹"] = "skein; tuft; lock", ["綺"] = "beautiful; open-work silk", ["綻"] = "ripped seam", ["綽"] = "generous; ample; wide; spacious; well-off; cook by scalding (see 焯)", ["綾"] = "damask; thin silk", ["綿"] = "cotton; incessant; soft; downy", ["緁"] = "to join, to splice, to braid", ["緄"] = "cord; embroidered sash; sew", ["緅"] = "purple silk", ["緇"] = "Buddhists; black silk; dark", ["緊"] = "tight; nervous; strict", ["緋"] = "dark red; purple silk", ["緌"] = "strings of cap", ["緎"] = "seam", ["緒"] = "beginnings; clues; mental state; thread", ["緗"] = "light yellow colour", ["緘"] = "letters; to close; seal", ["緙"] = "to woof", ["線"] = "thread; string; wire; line", ["緝"] = "to stitch finely", ["緞"] = "satin", ["締"] = "closely joined; connection; knot", ["緡"] = "cord; fishing-line; string of coins", ["緣"] = "along; predestined affinity; reason; edge", ["緦"] = "fine linen", ["編"] = "weave; plait; organize; group; arrange; edit; compile; write; compose; fabricate", ["緩"] = "slow; sluggish; gradual; to postpone", ["緪"] = "a rope", ["緬"] = "Burma; distant", ["緯"] = "latitude", ["緰"] = "net", ["緱"] = "''surname''", ["緲"] = "indistinct", ["練"] = "to practise; to train; to perfect (one's skill); to drill", ["緶"] = "braid", ["緹"] = "orange red silk", ["緻"] = "fine and close", ["縃"] = "fine silk", ["縈"] = "wind around", ["縉"] = "red silk", ["縊"] = "hang; strangle oneself", ["縋"] = "let down with a rope", ["縏"] = "small bag; sack", ["縐"] = "crepe; wrinkle", ["縑"] = "thick waterproof silk", ["縕"] = "hemp; vague; mysterious; generative force; orange colour", ["縗"] = "mourning garments", ["縚"] = "braid; cord; sash", ["縛"] = "to bind; to tie", ["縝"] = "fine and close", ["縞"] = "plain white silk", ["縟"] = "adorned; beautiful", ["縠"] = "fine silk gauze", ["縡"] = "matter, affair", ["縢"] = "bind; cord; tie up", ["縣"] = "a district; county", ["縫"] = "crack; seam; to sew; to stitch", ["縭"] = "bridal veil or kerchief", ["縮"] = "to withdraw; to pull back; to contract; to shrink; to reduce", ["縯"] = "long", ["縰"] = "band for the hair", ["縱"] = "even if; release; vertical", ["縲"] = "bind; bond", ["縳"] = "tie up", ["縴"] = "boatman's tow-rope", ["縵"] = "plain thin silk; slow; unadorned", ["縶"] = "connect; tie up", ["縷"] = "state in detail; strand; thread", ["縹"] = "misty; indistinct", ["縻"] = "tie up", ["總"] = "always; to assemble; gather; total; overall; head; chief; general; in every case", ["績"] = "merit; accomplishment", ["縿"] = "fringe; ornament of banner", ["繁"] = "complicated; many; in great numbers", ["繃"] = "to have a taut face; to stretch; taut; to tie; to bind", ["繄"] = "interj.; sighing sound", ["繅"] = "reel silk from cocoons", ["繆"] = "to wind round; ''surname''", ["繇"] = "cause; means; interpretations of the trigrams; folk-song; forced labour", ["繈"] = "cloth for carrying baby on back", ["繐"] = "fine and loose cloth; tassel", ["繒"] = "to tie; to bind; ''surname''; silk fabrics", ["織"] = "weave", ["繕"] = "make a fair copy of", ["繖"] = "umbrella; parasol", ["繘"] = "a well-rope", ["繙"] = "translate", ["繚"] = "lines for a sail; wind round", ["繞"] = "go around; to wind (around)", ["繠"] = "dangle; hang loosely", ["繡"] = "to embroider", ["繢"] = "multi-colour; to draw", ["繣"] = "obstinate; perverse", ["繨"] = "a knot (of a rope)", ["繩"] = "rope", ["繪"] = "to draw; to paint", ["繫"] = "connect; to tie", ["繭"] = "cocoon", ["繯"] = "bind; tie; noose", ["繰"] = "to reel silk from cocoons", ["繳"] = "hand in; hand over", ["繸"] = "tassel", ["繹"] = "continuous; explain; unravel", ["繻"] = "fine silk", ["繼"] = "to continue; to follow after; then; afterwards; to go on with; to succeed; to inherit", ["繽"] = "helter-skelter; mixed colours; in confusion", ["繾"] = "attached to; loving", ["纁"] = "crimson", ["纂"] = "compile", ["纆"] = "bind; cord", ["纇"] = "flaw; knot", ["纈"] = "knot; tie a knot", ["纊"] = "fine floss-silk or cotton", ["續"] = "continue; replenish", ["纍"] = "bind; creep; dispirited", ["纏"] = "to bother; wind around; wrap round; coil; involve; annoy; tangle", ["纑"] = "hempen thread; to dress hemp", ["纓"] = "tassel of hat", ["纔"] = "just; not until", ["纕"] = "cord to hold up sleeves", ["纖"] = "fine; delicate; minute", ["纘"] = "carry on", ["纙"] = "string on which coins are strung", ["纚"] = "long; dangling; kerchief; rope", ["纛"] = "big banner; feather banner or fan", ["纜"] = "cable; hawser", ["缶"] = "pottery", ["缸"] = "jar; vat", ["缺"] = "lack; scarce; vacant post; to run short of", ["缽"] = "alms bowl; small earthenware basin", ["缾"] = "vase; bottle; pitcher", ["罃"] = "earthen jar with long neck", ["罄"] = "entirely; exhausted; stern", ["罅"] = "crack; grudge", ["罈"] = "earthen jar", ["罋"] = "earthen jar; urn", ["罌"] = "earthen jar with small mouth", ["罍"] = "jar; wooden drinking cup", ["罏"] = "pile of earth to keep wine jars", ["罐"] = "can; jar; pot", ["网"] = "a net", ["罔"] = "deceive; there is none", ["罕"] = "rare", ["罘"] = "net for catching the rabbit", ["罛"] = "large fishing net", ["罝"] = "net for catching rabbits", ["罟"] = "implicate; net for birds or fish", ["罠"] = "animal trap", ["罡"] = "(stars)", ["罣"] = "anxious about", ["罥"] = "impede", ["罦"] = "net for catching birds", ["罨"] = "foment; valve", ["罩"] = "cover; fish trap (basket); shade", ["罪"] = "guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin", ["罫"] = "squares of a chess board", ["罭"] = "drag-net", ["置"] = "to install; to place; to put", ["罰"] = "to punish; to penalize", ["署"] = "office; bureau", ["罵"] = "scold; abuse", ["罶"] = "creel; fish basket", ["罷"] = "(final part.); to stop; cease; dismiss; suspend; to quit; to finish", ["罹"] = "happen to; sorrow; suffer from", ["罻"] = "bird net", ["罽"] = "(fishing net); woolen rug", ["罾"] = "large square net", ["罿"] = "bird net", ["羃"] = "cover of cloth for food; veil", ["羅"] = "to collect; to gather; to catch; to shift; gauze", ["羆"] = "(bear)", ["羇"] = "inn; to lodge", ["羈"] = "halter; restrain", ["羊"] = "caprid", ["羋"] = "''surname''", ["羌"] = "educated; name of a tribe; strong", ["美"] = "beautiful; beauty; America", ["羑"] = "to lead", ["羔"] = "lamb", ["羖"] = "black ewe", ["羚"] = "antelope", ["羜"] = "five-month-old lamb", ["羝"] = "billy goat; ram", ["羞"] = "shy; ashamed; shame; bashful", ["羢"] = "wool of sheep", ["群"] = "crowd; flock; group", ["羥"] = "hydroxyl (radical)", ["羧"] = "(chem.) carboxyl (radical)", ["羨"] = "to envy", ["義"] = "justice; righteousness; meaning", ["羭"] = "black ram", ["羯"] = "castrated buck caprid", ["羰"] = "carbonyl (radical)", ["羱"] = "ovis ammon", ["羲"] = "''surname''; name of an emperor", ["羵"] = "spirit", ["羶"] = "rank odour (of sheep or goats)", ["羸"] = "entangled; lean", ["羹"] = "soup", ["羼"] = "confusion; sheep crowding", ["羽"] = "feather", ["羿"] = "name of a famous archer", ["翀"] = "soar", ["翁"] = "elderly person", ["翃"] = "to swarm (of insects)", ["翅"] = "wing", ["翊"] = "assist; ready to fly; respect", ["翌"] = "bright; tomorrow", ["翎"] = "tail feathers", ["翏"] = "the sound of the wind; to soar", ["習"] = "to practise; to study; habit", ["翔"] = "soar", ["翕"] = "agree", ["翛"] = "hastiness", ["翟"] = "''surname''; long-tail pheasant", ["翠"] = "bluish-green; green jade", ["翡"] = "green jade; kingfisher", ["翣"] = "wooden fan carried in procession", ["翥"] = "soar", ["翦"] = "cut with scissors; scissors", ["翩"] = "fly fast", ["翪"] = "uneven flight of a bird", ["翫"] = "play with", ["翬"] = "to fly; variegated pheasant", ["翮"] = "quill", ["翯"] = "glistening plumage of birds", ["翰"] = "pen", ["翱"] = "soar; hover", ["翳"] = "feather screen; to screen; to shade", ["翹"] = "outstanding; to raise", ["翻"] = "flit about; translate; turn over", ["翼"] = "wing", ["翽"] = "noise of bird's wings", ["翾"] = "flirtatious; short flight", ["翿"] = "feather banner or fan", ["耀"] = "brilliant; glorious", ["老"] = "old; aged; venerable; outdated; experienced; (affectionate prefix)", ["考"] = "to check; to verify; to test; to examine", ["耄"] = "aged", ["者"] = "-ist, -er (person); person (who does something)", ["耆"] = "man of sixty or seventy", ["耇"] = "wrinkled face of the elderly", ["耋"] = "aged; in one's eighties", ["而"] = "and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)", ["耍"] = "play with; to juggle", ["耎"] = "pliable", ["耏"] = "''surname''; beard", ["耐"] = "to withstand; to bear", ["耑"] = "concentrated; specialized", ["耒"] = "plough", ["耔"] = "hoe up soil around plants", ["耕"] = "to plough; to till", ["耗"] = "to waste; to spend; to consume; to squander; mouse; new", ["耘"] = "to weed", ["耙"] = "a rake; harrow", ["耜"] = "plough; ploughshare", ["耞"] = "flail", ["耡"] = "hoe", ["耤"] = "plough", ["耦"] = "pair; mate; ploughshare", ["耨"] = "hoe", ["耩"] = "to plough; to sow", ["耪"] = "to weed", ["耬"] = "drill for sowing grain", ["耰"] = "harrow", ["耳"] = "ear", ["耶"] = "(final part.); ''phonetic''", ["耷"] = "big ear; to droop", ["耽"] = "indulge; delay", ["耿"] = "bright", ["聃"] = "ears without rim", ["聆"] = "to listen", ["聊"] = "to chat; to have a chat; to kill time", ["聖"] = "holy; sacred; saint; sage", ["聘"] = "betrothed; engage (teacher); hire", ["聚"] = "form gathering; gather", ["聝"] = "cut off the left ear of the slain", ["聞"] = "hear; news; celebrated; sniff at", ["聯"] = "to ally; to unite; to join", ["聰"] = "quick at hearing; wise; clever; sharp-witted; intelligent; acute", ["聱"] = "difficult to pronounce", ["聲"] = "sound; voice; (a measure word, used for sounds); tone; noise", ["聳"] = "excite; raise up; to shrug; high; lofty; towering", ["聵"] = "born deaf; deaf", ["聶"] = "''surname''; whisper", ["職"] = "office; duty", ["聹"] = "earwax", ["聽"] = "let; allow; listen; hear; obey", ["聾"] = "deaf", ["聿"] = "introductory part.; pen", ["肄"] = "descendants; distress; practice", ["肅"] = "Gansu; respectful", ["肆"] = "four (fraud-proof); market", ["肇"] = "at first; devise; originate", ["肉"] = "meat; flesh", ["肋"] = "rib", ["肌"] = "flesh; muscle", ["肏"] = "to fuck", ["肐"] = "armpit, arms", ["肓"] = "region between heart and diaphragm", ["肕"] = "tough, strong, hard", ["肖"] = "similar; resembling; to resemble; to be like", ["肘"] = "elbow; pork shoulder", ["肙"] = "a small worm; to twist; to surround; empty", ["肚"] = "belly; tripe", ["肛"] = "anus", ["肜"] = "''surname''", ["肝"] = "liver", ["股"] = "share; portion; section; part; thigh; (a measure word, e.g., use with electric current); whiff", ["肢"] = "limb", ["肥"] = "fat; fertile; loose-fitting", ["肩"] = "shoulder", ["肪"] = "animal fat", ["肫"] = "gizzard", ["肮"] = "filthy", ["肯"] = "to agree; to consent; to be ready (to do something); willing", ["肱"] = "brachium; humerus", ["育"] = "nourish; to rear", ["肴"] = "meat dishes", ["肵"] = "table", ["肸"] = "giggle; scatter", ["肺"] = "lung", ["肼"] = "hydrazine", ["肽"] = "peptide", ["胂"] = "arsine", ["胃"] = "stomach", ["胄"] = "descendants", ["胊"] = "yoke", ["背"] = "learn by heart; the back of the body; to be burdened; to carry on the back or shoulder", ["胍"] = "guanidine", ["胎"] = "fetus; litter", ["胏"] = "dried meat with bone", ["胑"] = "wings of birds; legs of animals", ["胔"] = "rotten meat; bones of dead animal", ["胖"] = "fat; plump", ["胗"] = "gizzard", ["胙"] = "confer upon; sacrificial flesh", ["胚"] = "fetus", ["胛"] = "shoulder blade", ["胜"] = "peptide", ["胝"] = "callous", ["胞"] = "the placenta; womb", ["胠"] = "flank of animal; open", ["胡"] = "barbarian; recklessly; ''surname''", ["胤"] = "heir; inherit", ["胥"] = "all; assist; to store", ["胦"] = "the navel", ["胭"] = "rouge", ["胯"] = "thigh; leg", ["胰"] = "pancreas; soap", ["胱"] = "bladder", ["胲"] = "hydroxylamine", ["胳"] = "armpit", ["胴"] = "large intestine; torso", ["胸"] = "chest; bosom; heart; mind; thorax", ["胹"] = "to boil", ["胺"] = "amine", ["胼"] = "callous on hand or foot", ["能"] = "ability; can; may; capable; energy; able", ["胾"] = "cut meat into pieces; diced meat", ["脂"] = "fat", ["脅"] = "side of body; threaten", ["脆"] = "brittle; fragile; crisp; clear and loud voice; neat", ["脈"] = "mountain range; pulse", ["脊"] = "spine; back; ridge", ["脖"] = "neck", ["脘"] = "internal cavity of stomach", ["脛"] = "lower part of leg", ["脝"] = "fat; bloated", ["脞"] = "chopped meat; trifles", ["脡"] = "brisket meat; straight", ["脢"] = "meat on the back of an animal", ["脣"] = "lip", ["脤"] = "sacrificial meat (raw)", ["脥"] = "pelvic cavity; lower abdomen", ["脧"] = "fleece; extort; reduce", ["脩"] = "cultivate; repair; teacher's pay", ["脫"] = "to shed; to take off; to escape; to get away from", ["脬"] = "bladder", ["脯"] = "chest (thorax); candied fruit", ["脰"] = "neck; throat", ["脲"] = "urea", ["脹"] = "dropsical; swollen; to swell; to be bloated", ["脾"] = "spleen", ["腆"] = "make strong (as liquors); virtuous", ["腊"] = "preserved (meat)", ["腋"] = "armpit", ["腌"] = "to salt; pickle", ["腍"] = "be satiated; cooked; good-tasting", ["腎"] = "kidney", ["腐"] = "decay; rotten", ["腑"] = "internal organs", ["腒"] = "dried poultry", ["腓"] = "calf of leg; decay; protect", ["腔"] = "cavity of body; tune", ["腕"] = "wrist", ["腜"] = "quickening of the fetus", ["腠"] = "the tissue between the skin and the flesh", ["腥"] = "fishy (smell)", ["腦"] = "brain", ["腫"] = "swollen", ["腮"] = "gills; lower part of cheeks", ["腯"] = "fat (of pigs)", ["腰"] = "waist; lower back; pocket; middle", ["腱"] = "gristle", ["腳"] = "role; foot; base", ["腴"] = "fat on belly; fertile; rich", ["腶"] = "dried meat", ["腸"] = "intestines", ["腹"] = "abdomen; stomach; belly", ["腺"] = "gland", ["腿"] = "leg", ["膀"] = "to flirt; puffed (swollen); bladder; upper arm; wing", ["膂"] = "backbone; strength", ["膆"] = "crop of a bird; fat", ["膇"] = "swelling of foot", ["膈"] = "diaphragm", ["膊"] = "shoulder; upper arm", ["膋"] = "fat on intestines", ["膏"] = "ointment; paste", ["膕"] = "hollow", ["膗"] = "ugly and fat; too fat to move", ["膘"] = "fat of a stock animal", ["膙"] = "callous", ["膚"] = "skin", ["膛"] = "chest (of body); hollow space; throat", ["膜"] = "membrane; film; to prostrate", ["膝"] = "knee", ["膟"] = "sacrificial flesh", ["膠"] = "glue; gum", ["膣"] = "vagina", ["膦"] = "phosphine", ["膨"] = "swollen", ["膩"] = "greasy; tired of", ["膰"] = "cooked meat used in sacrifice", ["膲"] = "the three divisions of the viscera (med.)", ["膳"] = "meals", ["膴"] = "big piece of meat; dried meat", ["膵"] = "pancreas", ["膷"] = "hashed beef; soup", ["膺"] = "breast; receive", ["膻"] = "rank odour (of sheep or goats)", ["膽"] = "the gall; the nerve; courage; guts; gall bladder", ["膾"] = "minced fish or meat", ["膿"] = "pus", ["臀"] = "butt; buttocks", ["臂"] = "arm", ["臃"] = "swell up; swelling; fat", ["臄"] = "palate; sausage", ["臆"] = "feelings; opinion; thoughts", ["臇"] = "fat, rich; a stew of fish", ["臉"] = "face", ["臊"] = "bashfulness; smell of urine", ["臌"] = "dropsical; swollen", ["臍"] = "navel", ["臏"] = "kneecap; patella", ["臐"] = "lamb soup", ["臑"] = "soft", ["臕"] = "fat; gross, sleek", ["臘"] = "12th month of Chinese calendar; preserved (meat)", ["臙"] = "rouge", ["臚"] = "belly; skin; to state", ["臛"] = "meat broth", ["臝"] = "naked", ["臟"] = "viscera", ["臠"] = "skinny; sliced meat", ["臣"] = "statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official", ["臥"] = "to lie; to crouch", ["臧"] = "''surname''; good; lucky", ["臨"] = "to face; to overlook; to arrive; to be (just) about to; just before", ["自"] = "from; self; oneself; since", ["臬"] = "provincial judge", ["臭"] = "sense of smell; smell bad; stench; stink; smelly; to smell (bad)", ["臲"] = "tottering; unsteady", ["至"] = "arrive; most; to; until", ["致"] = "to send; to devote; to deliver; to cause; to convey", ["臺"] = "(measure word); platform; stage; terrace; stand; support; desk; station; broadcasting station", ["臻"] = "to reach; utmost", ["臼"] = "mortar", ["臾"] = "''surname''; a moment; little while", ["臿"] = "to separate the grain from the husk", ["舀"] = "to scoop", ["舁"] = "to lift; raise", ["舂"] = "to pound (grain); beat", ["舄"] = "shoe; slipper", ["舅"] = "maternal uncle", ["與"] = "and; to give; together with; take part in; (interrog. part.)", ["興"] = "interest; flourish; it is the fashion to; to become popular", ["舉"] = "to lift; to hold up; to cite; to enumerate; to act; to raise; to choose; to elect", ["舊"] = "old (opposite of new); former", ["舋"] = "offer blood in sacrifice", ["舌"] = "tongue", ["舍"] = "residence", ["舐"] = "to lick; lap", ["舒"] = "relax; stretch; slow", ["舔"] = "to lick; to lap", ["舖"] = "a store", ["舛"] = "mistaken; erroneous; contradictory", ["舜"] = "name of an emperor", ["舞"] = "to dance; to wield; to brandish", ["舟"] = "boat", ["舠"] = "kayak", ["舡"] = "boat; ship", ["航"] = "boat; ship; vessel; craft; to navigate; to sail", ["舫"] = "2 boats lashed together; large boat", ["般"] = "sort; kind; class; way; manner", ["舲"] = "small boat with windows", ["舳"] = "poop deck; stern of boat", ["舵"] = "helm; rudder", ["舶"] = "sea-going vessels; ship", ["舷"] = "sides of boat", ["舸"] = "barge", ["船"] = "a boat; vessel; ship", ["舺"] = "(boat)", ["艄"] = "stern of boat", ["艅"] = "a dispatch boat", ["艇"] = "small boat", ["艎"] = "fast-sailing boat", ["艑"] = "skiff", ["艕"] = "two boats fastened side by side", ["艖"] = "raft; boat", ["艗"] = "bow of a Chinese boat", ["艘"] = "measure word for boats and ships (mainland pronunciation); measure word for warships (Taiwan pronunciation)", ["艙"] = "cabin; the hold of a ship or aeroplane", ["艚"] = "sea-going junk", ["艜"] = "a long narrow vessel with two masts", ["艣"] = "sculling oar", ["艤"] = "moor a boat to the bank", ["艦"] = "warship", ["艨"] = "war-boat", ["艩"] = "tholepin", ["艫"] = "bow of ship", ["艬"] = "large ship", ["艭"] = "boat", ["艮"] = "blunt; tough; chewy; one of the eight diagrams; ''surname''", ["良"] = "good; very; very much", ["艱"] = "difficult; hard; hardship", ["色"] = "colour; dice; look; appearance", ["艴"] = "angry", ["艷"] = "glamorous", ["艸"] = "grass", ["艾"] = "''[[Artemisia vulgaris]]''; [[Chinese mugwort]]", ["芃"] = "luxuriant growth", ["芄"] = "{{taxlink|Metaplexis stauntoni|species}}", ["芊"] = "green; luxuriant growth", ["芋"] = "''[[Colocasia antiquorum]]''", ["芍"] = "{{taxlink|Paeonia albiflora|species}}", ["芑"] = "''[[Panicum miliaceum]]''", ["芒"] = "''[[Miscanthus sinensis]]''", ["芔"] = "a general term for plants", ["芘"] = "''[[Malva sylvestris]]''", ["芚"] = "green sprout; foolish", ["芝"] = "{{taxlink|Zoysia pungens|species}}", ["芟"] = "cut down; mow; scythe", ["芡"] = "''[[Euryale ferox]]''; cornstarch", ["芣"] = "(plantain)", ["芤"] = "hollow; scallion stalk", ["芥"] = "''[[Brassica juncea]]''", ["芧"] = "{{taxlink|Scirpus maritimus|species}}; small chestnut", ["芨"] = "{{taxlink|Bletilla striata|species}} (mucilaginous); Acronym for the Chinese Elder tree 菫草", ["芩"] = "{{taxlink|Phragmites japonicus|species}}", ["芫"] = "''[[Daphne genkwa]]''", ["芬"] = "fragrant", ["芭"] = "a kind of fragrant grass", ["芮"] = "''surname''; small", ["芯"] = "lamp pith; core", ["芰"] = "{{taxlink|Trapa natans|species}}; [[water caltrop]]", ["花"] = "flower; blossom; to spend; fancy pattern", ["芳"] = "fragrant", ["芴"] = "fluorine", ["芷"] = "angelica (type of iris; plant root used for medicine)", ["芸"] = "''[[Ruta graveolens]]''", ["芹"] = "[[Chinese celery]]", ["芻"] = "''surname''; cut grass; hay; straw; fodder", ["芼"] = "select; vegetables", ["芽"] = "bud; sprout", ["芾"] = "luxuriance of vegetation; small", ["苑"] = "park", ["苒"] = "luxuriant growth; passing (of time)", ["苓"] = "fungus; tuber", ["苔"] = "moss; coating (of tongue)", ["苕"] = "{{vern|Chinese trumpet vine}}", ["苗"] = "sprout; seedling; descendant; symptom of a trend; young; vaccine; Miao tribe", ["苙"] = "(herb); pigsty", ["苛"] = "severe; exacting", ["苞"] = "flower calyx; luxuriant; profuse", ["苟"] = "if indeed; thoughtless", ["苠"] = "multitude; skin of bamboo", ["苡"] = "[[Job's tears]]", ["苣"] = "lettuce", ["若"] = "to seem; like; as; if", ["苦"] = "bitter; intensely; miserable; painful", ["苧"] = "[[ramie]] (''[[Boehmeria nivea]]'')", ["苪"] = "bright; shining, splendid", ["苫"] = "straw mat; thatch", ["苯"] = "benzene", ["英"] = "flower; hero; brave; outstanding; Britain (abbrev.); English", ["苳"] = "''[[Petasites japonicus]]''", ["苴"] = "(hemp); ''surname''; sack cloth", ["苶"] = "weary; tired", ["苹"] = "(artemisia); duckweed", ["苺"] = "(wild rose)", ["苻"] = "{{taxlink|Angelica anomala|species}}", ["苾"] = "''phonetic''; fragrant", ["茀"] = "luxuriant growth", ["茁"] = "increase; sprout", ["茂"] = "luxuriant", ["范"] = "pattern; model; example; ''surname''", ["茄"] = "eggplant", ["茅"] = "thatch", ["茇"] = "betel", ["茈"] = "{{taxlink|Lithospermum officinale|species}}; water chestnut", ["茌"] = "name of a district in Shandong", ["茍"] = "if indeed; thoughtless", ["茖"] = "{{taxlink|Allium victorialis|species}}", ["茗"] = "''[[Camellia sinensis]]''; young leaves of tea", ["茛"] = "[[wolfsbane]]", ["茜"] = "[[common madder]] (''[[Rubia cordifolia]]'')", ["茞"] = "fragrant plant; angelica", ["茠"] = "to weed; to eradicate", ["茢"] = "rushes; sedges", ["茥"] = "{{taxlink|Rubus coreanus|species}}", ["茦"] = "pointed grass blade; to prick", ["茨"] = "''[[Tribulus terrestris]]''; thatched hut", ["茫"] = "vague; vast", ["茬"] = "grain stumps; crop", ["茭"] = "wild rice ({{taxlink|Zizania aquatica|species}}; {{taxlink|Oenanthe javanica|species}}", ["茱"] = "Cornelian cherry", ["茲"] = "herewith", ["茳"] = "Shichito matgrass ({{taxlink|Cyperus malaccensis|species}})", ["茴"] = "fennel", ["茵"] = "{{taxlink|Skimmia japonica|species}}; cushion", ["茶"] = "tea; tea plant", ["茷"] = "denseness of grass-foliage", ["茸"] = "confused; fluffy; luxuriant growth", ["茹"] = "eat; [[rubicene]] (chemistry)", ["荀"] = "''surname''", ["荁"] = "(vegetable); {{taxlink|Viola vaginata|species}}", ["荃"] = "(fragrant plant)", ["荄"] = "roots of plant", ["荅"] = "to answer; agree", ["荇"] = "{{taxlink|Limnanthemum nymphoides|species}}", ["荈"] = "{{taxlink|Thea sinensis|species}}", ["草"] = "grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty", ["荊"] = "thorns; brambles", ["荍"] = "buckwheat; herbal medicine", ["荏"] = "''[[Perilla frutescens]]''; soft", ["荐"] = "recommend (a person)", ["荑"] = "to weed; (grass)", ["荒"] = "out of practice; uncultivated", ["荳"] = "bean; peas", ["荵"] = "[[polemonium]]", ["荷"] = "peppermint; to carry burden; lotus", ["荻"] = "''[[Miscanthus sacchariflorus]]''", ["荼"] = "''[[Sonchus oleraceus]]''", ["莆"] = "place name", ["莊"] = "farm; village", ["莎"] = "(grass); ''[[Cyperus rotundus]]''; (insect); ''phonetic''", ["莒"] = "(fibrous plant)", ["莓"] = "berry", ["莔"] = "{{taxlink|Fritillaria verticillata|species}}", ["莕"] = "{{taxlink|Nymphoides peltatum|species}}", ["莖"] = "stalk; stem", ["莘"] = "{{taxlink|Asarum sieboldi|species}}; long; numerous", ["莙"] = "species of water plant", ["莚"] = "bamboo mat; feast, banquet", ["莛"] = "stalk of grass", ["莝"] = "to chop straw fine for animals", ["莞"] = "(district); smile; tabernaemontanus [[bulrush]]; ''surname''", ["莠"] = "''[[Setaria viridis]]''; vicious", ["莢"] = "pod", ["莦"] = "jungle grass; lair", ["莧"] = "{{taxlink|Amarantus mangostanus|species}}", ["莨"] = "{{taxlink|Scopalia japonica|species}} maxin", ["莩"] = "die of starvation; [[pellicle]] of culms", ["莪"] = "[[zedoary]]", ["莫"] = "do not; there is none who", ["莰"] = "[[camphane]]", ["莽"] = "''[[Illicium anisatum]]''; rude", ["莿"] = "{{taxlink|Urtica thunbergiana|species}}", ["菀"] = "luxuriance of growth", ["菁"] = "flower of leek", ["菅"] = "(grass); {{taxlink|Themeda forsbali|species}}", ["菆"] = "arrow; weeds", ["菇"] = "mushroom", ["菉"] = "''[[Arthraxon]]'' ciliare; green; rhodacene", ["菊"] = "chrysanthemum", ["菌"] = "bacteria; mould; mushroom; germ", ["菎"] = "beautiful jade; bamboo", ["菑"] = "''surname''; one-year-old field", ["菔"] = "turnip", ["菖"] = "calamus", ["菘"] = "(cabbage); {{taxlink|Brassica chinensis|species}}", ["菜"] = "dish (type of food); vegetables", ["菟"] = "dodder; cuscuta", ["菢"] = "hatch", ["菣"] = "{{taxlink|Artemisia carvifolia|species}}", ["菧"] = "stibene", ["菩"] = "Bodhisattva", ["菫"] = "the hidden violet ({{taxlink|Viola verecunda|species}})", ["華"] = "flowery; flourishing; magnificent; your; grey; corona; time; essence; China; Chinese; name of a mountain", ["菰"] = "[[Manchurian wild rice]] (''[[Zizania latifolia]]''); mushroom", ["菱"] = "{{taxlink|Trapa natans|species}}; water caltrop", ["菲"] = "rich; luxurious; phenanthrene (chemical); Philippines (abbrev.)", ["菴"] = "small Buddhist temple", ["菶"] = "expand; thick weeds", ["菸"] = "cigarette; tobacco", ["菺"] = "{{taxlink|Althaea rosea|species}}", ["菻"] = "ancient name for east Roman empire", ["菼"] = "''[[Miscanthus sacchariflorus]]''", ["菾"] = "sugar beet", ["萁"] = "stalks of pulse", ["萃"] = "collect; collection; dense; grassy; thick; assemble; gather", ["萆"] = "castor seed", ["萇"] = "carambola", ["萊"] = "''[[Chenopodium album]]''", ["萋"] = "luxuriant", ["萌"] = "(archaic) people; sprout; (neologism) moe, cute", ["萍"] = "duckweed", ["萎"] = "wither; spiritless; withered", ["萐"] = "(auspicious herb)", ["萑"] = "(reeds)", ["萘"] = "naphthalene", ["萩"] = "{{taxlink|Lespedeza bicolor|species}}", ["萬"] = "ten thousand; a great number; ''surname''", ["萱"] = "lemon [[daylily]] ({{taxlink|Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus|species}})", ["萴"] = "(medicinal herb)", ["萵"] = "(lettuce); ''[[Lactuca sativa]]''", ["萹"] = "''[[Polygonum aviculare]]''", ["萻"] = "small Buddhist temple", ["萼"] = "stem and calyx of flower", ["落"] = "to fall; to drop (behind); leave behind", ["葄"] = "straw cushion; pillow", ["葆"] = "dense foliage; to cover", ["葇"] = "{{taxlink|Elsholtzia ciliata|species}}", ["葉"] = "leaf; page", ["葍"] = "weeds", ["葎"] = "[[Japanese hop]] ({{taxlink|Humulus japonicus|species}})", ["葑"] = "turnip", ["葒"] = "herb", ["著"] = "''particle indicating the successful result of a verb''; to touch; to come in contact with; to feel; to be affected by; to catch fire; to fall asleep; to burn; particle attached after verb to indicate action in progress, like -ing ending; to make known; to show; to prove; to write; book; outstanding; to wear (clothes); to contact; to use; to apply; catch; receive; suffer", ["葙"] = "plumed or silver cockscomb ({{taxfmt|Celosia argentea|species}})", ["葚"] = "fruit of mulberry", ["葛"] = "coarse grass linen", ["葠"] = "ginseng", ["葡"] = "Portugal", -- only sense if used alone ["董"] = "supervise; to direct; director", ["葥"] = "{{taxlink|Rubus palmatus|species}}", ["葦"] = "reed; rush; ''[[Phragmites communis]]''", ["葩"] = "corolla of flower", ["葫"] = "", ["葬"] = "bury (the dead)", ["葭"] = "reed; ''[[Phragmites communis]]''", ["葯"] = "medicine; drug", ["葳"] = "luxuriant", ["葴"] = "''[[Physalis alkekengi]]''", ["葵"] = "sunflower", ["葶"] = "{{taxlink|Draba nemerosa|species}} bebe carpa", ["葷"] = "meat dish", ["葸"] = "feel insecure; unhappy", ["葹"] = "{{taxlink|Xanthium strumarium|species}}", ["葺"] = "to repair", ["葽"] = "{{taxlink|Polygala japonica|species}}; lush (grass)", ["蒂"] = "stem (of fruit)", ["蒎"] = "pinane", ["蒐"] = "search out (as data)", ["蒔"] = "to transplant (to uproot and replant in a different location); to plant", ["蒗"] = "(herb); place name", ["蒙"] = "Mongolia; cover", ["蒜"] = "garlic", ["蒞"] = "attend (official functions)", ["蒟"] = "betel", ["蒢"] = "hedysarum", ["蒨"] = "luxuriant growth", ["蒯"] = "a rush; {{taxlink|Scirpus cyperinus|species}}", ["蒱"] = "gambling-game; sedges", ["蒲"] = "calamus", ["蒴"] = "pod; capsule", ["蒸"] = "to steam", ["蒹"] = "reed", ["蒺"] = "''[[Tribulus terrestris]]''", ["蒻"] = "", ["蒼"] = "dark blue; fly; musca; deep green", ["蒽"] = "anthracene", ["蒿"] = "wormwood", ["蓀"] = "fragrant grass", ["蓁"] = "abundant, luxuriant vegetation", ["蓂"] = "lucky place", ["蓄"] = "to store", ["蓆"] = "woven mat", ["蓉"] = "", ["蓊"] = "a plant in bloom; thick", ["蓋"] = "cover; lid; top; canopy; to build", ["蓌"] = "to squat (in salutation)", ["蓍"] = "{{taxlink|Achillea sibirica|species}}", ["蓏"] = "fruit of plants (not of trees)", ["蓐"] = "mat; rushes", ["蓑"] = "rain coat made of straw, etc.", ["蓓"] = "(flower) bud", ["蓖"] = "the castor-oil plant", ["蓧"] = "bamboo basket", ["蓪"] = "{{taxlink|Aralia papyrifera|species}}", ["蓫"] = "(weed); {{taxlink|Phytolacca acinosa|species}}", ["蓬"] = "(grass); disheveled", ["蓮"] = "lotus", ["蓰"] = "(grass); increase five fold", ["蓴"] = "{{taxlink|Brasenia purpurea|species}}", ["蓷"] = "{{taxlink|Leonurus macranthus|species}}", ["蓺"] = "skill; art", ["蓼"] = "luxuriant growth; polygonum; smartweed", ["蓽"] = "bean; pulse", ["蔀"] = "cycle of 76 years; shade", ["蔂"] = "basket for carrying earth", ["蔆"] = "{{taxlink|Trapa natans|species}}; water caltrop", ["蔇"] = "luxuriant growth; extreme; reach", ["蔉"] = "to bank up the roots of plants", ["蔊"] = "{{taxlink|Nasturtium montanum|species}}", ["蔋"] = "dry; scorched", ["蔌"] = "''surname''; vegetables", ["蔎"] = "{{taxlink|Thea sinensis|species}}", ["蔑"] = "belittle; nothing", ["蔓"] = "creeper; to spread; {{taxlink|Brassica campestris|species}}", ["蔔"] = "turnip", ["蔕"] = "stem (of fruit)", ["蔗"] = "sugar cane", ["蔘"] = "ginseng; huge", ["蔙"] = "(herb)", ["蔚"] = "''surname''; place name; {{taxlink|Artemisia japonica|species}}; luxuriant", ["蔞"] = "{{taxlink|Arthemisia vulgaris|species}}; ''[[Piper betle]]''", ["蔟"] = "collect; frame for silk worm; nest", ["蔡"] = "''surname''", ["蔣"] = "''surname''", ["蔥"] = "scallion; green onion", ["蔦"] = "[[Grossulariaceae]]", ["蔫"] = "fade; wither", ["蔬"] = "vegetables", ["蔭"] = "shade", ["蔯"] = "a variety of artemisia", ["蔽"] = "to cover; to shield; to screen; to conceal", ["蔾"] = "[[Chenopodiaceae]]", ["蕃"] = "flourishing; to reproduce", ["蕆"] = "complete; prepare", ["蕈"] = "mould; mushroom", ["蕉"] = "banana", ["蕊"] = "stamen; pistil", ["蕍"] = "{{taxlink|Alisma plantago|species}}", ["蕎"] = "buckwheat", ["蕑"] = "''surname''; {{taxlink|Eupatorium chinense|species}}", ["蕓"] = "celza", ["蕕"] = "{{taxlink|Caryopteris divaricata|species}}", ["蕖"] = "lotus", ["蕗"] = "leucacene", ["蕘"] = "fuel; grass", ["蕙"] = "''[[Dipteryx odorata]]''", ["蕝"] = "coarse grass used to show rank", ["蕞"] = "assemble; small", ["蕡"] = "hemp seeds; luxurious; abundant", ["蕢"] = "''surname''; {{taxlink|Amaranthus mangostanus|species}}", ["蕣"] = "''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]''", ["蕤"] = "fringe; overladen with flowers", ["蕨"] = "{{taxlink|Pteridium aquilinum|species}}", ["蕩"] = "a pond; pool; wash; squander; sweep away; move; shake; dissolute", ["蕪"] = "overgrown with weeds", ["蕭"] = "mournful", ["蕸"] = "water-lily leaves", ["蕺"] = "''[[Houttuynia cordata]]''", ["蕻"] = "budding; flourishing", ["蕾"] = "bud", ["薀"] = "hippuris or mare's tail", ["薁"] = "{{taxlink|Prunus japonica|species}}", ["薃"] = "{{taxlink|Cyperus amuricus|species}}", ["薄"] = "thin; slight; meagre; small; ungenerous; unkind; mean; frivolous; despise; belittle; to approach; to go near; peppermint", ["薅"] = "pull out (weed)", ["薆"] = "to cover; to hide; to conceal", ["薈"] = "flourish", ["薉"] = "weedy", ["薊"] = "''[[Cirsium]]''; thistle", ["薌"] = "(Fujian drama)", ["薏"] = "germ of the lotus seed", ["薑"] = "ginger", ["薔"] = "wild rose", ["薖"] = "big; hungry-looking", ["薘"] = "''[[Plantago major]]''", ["薙"] = "shave; to weed", ["薛"] = "''surname''; wormwood", ["薜"] = "{{taxlink|Ficus pumila|species}}", ["薢"] = "woody climbing plant", ["薤"] = "{{taxlink|Allium bakeri|species}}; shallot; scallion", ["薦"] = "to recommend; to offer sacrifice; straw (mat); repeatedly", ["薧"] = "dried food", ["薨"] = "death of a prince; swarming", ["薩"] = "''surname''; Bodhisattva", ["薪"] = "fuel; salary", ["薯"] = "potato; yam", ["薰"] = "''[[Dipteryx odorata]]''", ["薳"] = "(grass); ''surname''", ["薶"] = "to bury; to stop up; dirty, filthy", ["薷"] = "{{taxlink|Elshotria paltrini|species}}", ["薸"] = "[[duckweed]]", ["薹"] = "{{taxlink|Carex dispalatha|species}}", ["薺"] = "''[[Capsella bursa-pastoris]]''", ["薽"] = "(grass); (orchid)", ["薾"] = "luxuriant growth of flower", ["薿"] = "luxuriant (of plants)", ["藄"] = "(fern)", ["藇"] = "''surname''; beautiful", ["藉"] = "by means of; in disorder", ["藋"] = "[[Chinese elder]]", ["藍"] = "blue; [[w:true indigo|indigo plant]]; ''surname''", ["藎"] = "''[[Arthraxon hispidus]]''; loyal", ["藏"] = "storehouse; depository; Buddhist or Taoist scripture; Zang; Tibet; to hide away; to conceal; to harbor; store; accumulate", ["藐"] = "despise; small", ["藕"] = "root of lotus", ["藘"] = "madder", ["藙"] = "{{taxlink|Zanthoxylum ailanthoides|species}}", ["藚"] = "{{taxlink|Alisma plantago|species}}", ["藜"] = "''[[Chenopodium album]]''", ["藝"] = "skill; art", ["藟"] = "bud; creeper; bramble", ["藤"] = "rattan; cane", ["藥"] = "medicine; drug; cure", ["藦"] = "{{taxlink|Metaplexis stauntoni|species}}", ["藨"] = "kind of raspberry", ["藪"] = "marsh; place of concourse", ["藶"] = "{{taxlink|Draba nemerosa vsr. hebecarpa|variety}}", ["藷"] = "potato; yam", ["藹"] = "friendly", ["藺"] = "''[[Juncus effusus]]''", ["藻"] = "(aquatic grasses); elegant", ["藾"] = "(fragrant labiate plant)", ["藿"] = "{{taxlink|Lophanthus rugosus|species}}; beans", ["蘀"] = "fallen leaves and bark", ["蘄"] = "(herb); implore; pray; place name", ["蘅"] = "{{taxlink|Asarum blumei|species}}", ["蘆"] = "rush; reed; ''[[Phragmites communis]]''", ["蘇"] = "(plant); place name; revive; Soviet", ["蘊"] = "bring together; collect", ["蘋"] = "apple; {{taxfmt|Marsileaceae|family}}; {{vern|clover fern}}", ["蘑"] = "mushroom", ["蘗"] = "shoots from an old stump", ["蘘"] = "a kind of wild ginger", ["蘚"] = "mosses on damp walls", ["蘢"] = "{{taxlink|Polygonum posumbu|species}}", ["蘤"] = "flower, blossoms", ["蘧"] = "''surname''; {{taxlink|Dianthus superbus|species}}", ["蘩"] = "{{taxlink|Artemisia stellariana|species}}", ["蘭"] = "orchid", ["蘵"] = "{{taxlink|Physalis angulata|species}}", ["蘸"] = "to dip in (ink, sauce, etc.)", ["蘺"] = "{{taxlink|Gracilaria confervoides|species}}", ["蘼"] = "millet", ["蘿"] = "radish", ["虀"] = "fragment; salted vegetables; spices", ["虆"] = "creeper; bramble; dirt-basket", ["虍"] = "stripes of tiger", ["虎"] = "tiger", ["虐"] = "oppressive; tyrannical", ["虒"] = "amphibious animal with one horn", ["虓"] = "roar of a tiger", ["虔"] = "devout", ["處"] = "a place; location; spot; point; office; department; bureau; respect; to reside; to live; to dwell; to be in; to stay; get along with; to be in a position of; deal with", ["虖"] = "exhale; scream of tiger; to call", ["虛"] = "devoid of content; void; false; empty; vain", ["虜"] = "take captive", ["虞"] = "forewarned; peace; worry", ["號"] = "number; call; name; roar; cry", ["虡"] = "bell pendant stand", ["虢"] = "name of an ancient state", ["虣"] = "cruel; violent", ["虥"] = "striped wild cat", ["虧"] = "deficiency; deficit", ["虩"] = "terrified", ["虫"] = "insect; worm", ["虯"] = "young dragon with horns", ["虱"] = "louse", ["虷"] = "worm", ["虹"] = "rainbow", ["虺"] = "poisonous snakes; sick; with no ambition", ["虻"] = "{{taxlink|Tabanus trigonus|species}}; house fly", ["蚊"] = "mosquito", ["蚋"] = "(mosquito); {{taxlink|Simulia lugubris|species}}; blackfly", ["蚌"] = "oysters; mussels", ["蚓"] = "earthworm", ["蚔"] = "green-frog", ["蚘"] = "tapeworm", ["蚜"] = "aphis", ["蚝"] = "hairy and poisonous caterpillars", ["蚡"] = "(mole)", ["蚤"] = "flea", ["蚧"] = "horned toad", ["蚨"] = "(water-beetle); money", ["蚩"] = "''surname''; ignorant; worm", ["蚳"] = "ant eggs", ["蚴"] = "larva", ["蚵"] = "oyster", ["蚶"] = "small clam; {{taxlink|Arca inflata|species}}", ["蚹"] = "{{taxlink|Eulota peliomphala|species}}", ["蚺"] = "a boa constrictor", ["蚻"] = "{{taxlink|Aphrophora maritima|species}}", ["蚿"] = "millipede", ["蛀"] = "termite; to bore (of insects)", ["蛁"] = "{{taxlink|Pomponia maculatiocollis|species}}", ["蛄"] = "mole-cricket", ["蛅"] = "a caterpillar", ["蛆"] = "maggot", ["蛇"] = "snake; serpent", ["蛋"] = "egg; oval shaped", ["蛌"] = "cricket", ["蛑"] = "insect which eats roots of seedlings", ["蛓"] = "(larva)", ["蛔"] = "roundworm; ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]''", ["蛘"] = "a weevil found in rice, etc.", ["蛙"] = "frog", ["蛚"] = "{{taxlink|Cyrtoxiphus ritsemae|species}}", ["蛛"] = "spider", ["蛜"] = "wood-louse", ["蛟"] = "scaly dragon", ["蛣"] = "beetle", ["蛤"] = "clam", ["蛩"] = "anxious; grasshopper; a cricket", ["蛭"] = "fluke; leech; hirudinea", ["蛵"] = "dragonfly", ["蛸"] = "octopus", ["蛹"] = "chrysalis; pupa", ["蛻"] = "exuviae of insects or reptiles", ["蛾"] = "moth", ["蜀"] = "Sichuan", ["蜂"] = "bee; wasp", ["蜃"] = "(mythical animal); clam; sea-serpent", ["蜅"] = "crab", ["蜆"] = "{{taxlink|Cyclina orientalis|species}}", ["蜇"] = "jellyfish; to sting", ["蜈"] = "centipede", ["蜊"] = "clam", ["蜍"] = "toad", ["蜎"] = "''surname''; larva of mosquito", ["蜑"] = "name of an ethnic group", ["蜓"] = "dragonfly", ["蜚"] = "gad-fly", ["蜛"] = "{{taxlink|Hydrophilus cognatus|species}}", ["蜜"] = "honey", ["蜞"] = "grapsus", ["蜡"] = "candle; wax", ["蜣"] = "dung beetle", ["蜥"] = "chameleon; {{taxlink|Eumeces latiscutatus|species}}", ["蜨"] = "butterfly", ["蜩"] = "cicada", ["蜮"] = "mythical creature; toad; worm", ["蜱"] = "(insect); egg of mantis", ["蜷"] = "{{taxlink|Melania libertina|species}}; wriggle (as a worm)", ["蜺"] = "Japanese cicada; rainbow", ["蜻"] = "dragonfly", ["蜿"] = "to move (as snake)", ["蝀"] = "rainbow", ["蝍"] = "a centipede", ["蝎"] = "scorpion", ["蝏"] = "(insect); {{taxlink|Leptogaster basiralis|species}}", ["蝕"] = "eat up slowly; eclipse", ["蝗"] = "locust", ["蝘"] = "{{taxlink|Hemidactylus bowringii|species}}", ["蝝"] = "young locust without wings", ["蝟"] = "hedgehog", ["蝠"] = "bat", ["蝡"] = "wriggle", ["蝣"] = "{{taxlink|Ephemera strigata|species}}", ["蝥"] = "Spanish fly; grain-eating grub", ["蝦"] = "shrimp; prawn", ["蝨"] = "louse", ["蝮"] = "venomous snake", ["蝯"] = "ape", ["蝶"] = "butterfly", ["蝻"] = "immature locusts", ["螄"] = "snail", ["螉"] = "{{taxlink|Ammophila infesta|species}}", ["融"] = "harmonious; melt; mild", ["螒"] = "{{taxlink|Aulacophora femoralis|species}}", ["螓"] = "small cicada with a square head", ["螗"] = "(cicada)", ["螘"] = "ant", ["螚"] = "{{taxlink|Eristalis tenax|species}}", ["螞"] = "(insect prefix)", ["螟"] = "{{taxlink|Heliothus armigera|species}}", ["螢"] = "firefly", ["螣"] = "flying dragon", ["螫"] = "to sting", ["螬"] = "larva of {{taxlink|Mimela lucidula|species}}", ["螭"] = "hornless dragon", ["螮"] = "", ["螯"] = "nippers; claw (of crab); chela; pincers; {{taxlink|Astacus fluviatilis|species}}", ["螳"] = "praying mantis", ["螺"] = "aquatic snail", ["螻"] = "mole-cricket; {{taxlink|Gryllotalpa africona|species}}", ["螽"] = "(grasshopper); {{taxlink|Gampsocleis mikado|species}}", ["螾"] = "the earthworm", ["螿"] = "{{taxlink|Cosmopsaltria opalifera|species}}", ["蟀"] = "cricket", ["蟄"] = "hibernate", ["蟆"] = "frog or toad", ["蟈"] = "frog or toad", ["蟊"] = "Spanish fly; grain-eating grub", ["蟒"] = "{{taxfmt|Python molurus|species}}", ["蟛"] = "(land-crab); ''{{ll|mul|Grapsus}}'' spp.", ["蟜"] = "(insect); ''surname''", ["蟠"] = "{{taxlink|Trichina spiralis|species}}; to coil", ["蟢"] = "(spider)", ["蟣"] = "nymph of louse", ["蟨"] = "the Siberian jerboa", ["蟪"] = "(cicada); {{taxlink|Platypleura kaempferi|species}}", ["蟬"] = "cicada", ["蟭"] = "eggs of mantis", ["蟲"] = "animal; insect", ["蟳"] = "(hairy sea-crab)", ["蟶"] = "mussel; razor clam; {{taxlink|Solecurtus constricta|species}}", ["蟷"] = "mantis", ["蟹"] = "crab", ["蟺"] = "earthworm", ["蟻"] = "ant", ["蟾"] = "toad; moon", ["蟿"] = "(insect); {{taxlink|Tryxalis masuta|species}}", ["蠁"] = "larvae", ["蠂"] = "{{taxlink|Podisma mikado|species}}", ["蠅"] = "fly; musca", ["蠆"] = "(scorpion); an insect", ["蠋"] = "caterpillar", ["蠍"] = "scorpion", ["蠓"] = "grasshopper; midge; sandfly", ["蠔"] = "oyster", ["蠕"] = "to squirm; to wiggle; to wriggle", ["蠖"] = "looper caterpillar", ["蠗"] = "(ape); (shell)", ["蠙"] = "pearl-oyster", ["蠛"] = "minute flies", ["蠜"] = "{{taxlink|Cyrtophyllus|genus}} spp.", ["蠟"] = "candle; wax", ["蠡"] = "wood-boring insect; calabash", ["蠢"] = "blunt; stupid; to wiggle (of worms); sluggish", ["蠣"] = "oyster", ["蠨"] = "long-legged spider", ["蠩"] = "a toad", ["蠮"] = "{{taxlink|Ammophila infesta|species}}", ["蠰"] = "{{taxlink|Cerambyx rugicollis|species}}", ["蠱"] = "insanity; poison", ["蠲"] = "bright; glow-worm; remit taxes", ["蠵"] = "large turtles", ["蠶"] = "silkworm", ["蠸"] = "{{taxlink|Aulacophora femoralis|species}}", ["蠹"] = "bookworm; {{taxlink|Lepisma saccharina|species}}", ["蠻"] = "barbarian; bullying; very; quite; rough; reckless", ["血"] = "blood", ["衁"] = "blood", ["衄"] = "bleed at the nose; check in battle", ["衈"] = "the blood of a sacrificial fowl which was sprinkled on doors and vessels", ["衊"] = "defiled with blood", ["行"] = "to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional", ["衍"] = "to spread out; to develop; to overflow; to amplify", ["衎"] = "pleased", ["衒"] = "to boast; to show off", ["術"] = "method; technique", ["衕"] = "lane", ["衖"] = "lane; alley", ["街"] = "street", ["衙"] = "office; yamen", ["衚"] = "lane", ["衛"] = "to guard; to protect; to defend; ''surname''", ["衝"] = "of great force; towards; dash against", ["衡"] = "to weigh; weight; measure", ["衢"] = "thoroughfare", ["衣"] = "gown; clothes; to dress; to wear", ["表"] = "surface; exterior; to watch; to show; express; an example; a list or table; a meter; a watch; chart; external", ["衩"] = "slit on either side of a garment; open seam of a garment", ["衫"] = "Chinese gown (unlined)", ["衭"] = "the lapel of a garment", ["衰"] = "weak; feeble; decline; wane; mourning garments", ["衲"] = "cassock; to line", ["衵"] = "women's undergarments", ["衷"] = "inner feelings", ["衽"] = "overlapping part of Chinese gown", ["衾"] = "coverlet; quilt", ["衿"] = "overlapping part of Chinese gown", ["袁"] = "''surname''", ["袂"] = "sleeve", ["袋"] = "a pouch; bag; sack; pocket", ["袍"] = "gown (lined)", ["袒"] = "to bare", ["袖"] = "sleeve", ["袗"] = "unlined garment", ["袚"] = "knee-pads; buskins", ["袞"] = "imperial robe", ["袟"] = "''surname''; book cover", ["袢"] = "robe", ["袤"] = "length; distance from north to south", ["袪"] = "sleeve opening", ["被"] = "by (marker for passive-voice sentences or clauses); quilt; blanket; to cover; to wear", ["袱"] = "bundle wrapped in cloth", ["袲"] = "place name", ["袷"] = "lined", ["袺"] = "lift up a dress", ["袽"] = "old rags", ["裀"] = "mat; underclothing", ["裁"] = "cut out (as a dress); cut; trim; reduce; diminish; decision; judgement", ["裂"] = "crack; split", ["裉"] = "s seam in a garment", ["裊"] = "delicate; graceful", ["裋"] = "coarse clothing of camel's hair", ["裌"] = "lined", ["裍"] = "a border or band on the edge of a dress", ["裎"] = "take off clothes", ["裏"] = "inside; internal; interior", ["裒"] = "collect", ["裔"] = "descendants; frontier", ["裕"] = "abundant", ["裘"] = "fur; fur coat", ["裙"] = "skirt", ["裛"] = "to wrap and bind; damp; dripping; wet; a book bag", ["補"] = "to repair; to patch; to mend; to make up for; to fill (a vacancy); to supplement", ["裝"] = "to dress up; costume; to pretend to be; to pack; to load; to install", ["裡"] = "inside; within; in; lining of clothing", ["裨"] = "to benefit; to aid; assistant; small; advantageous; profitable", ["裯"] = "bed curtain; coverlet", ["裱"] = "hang (paper); mount (painting)", ["裲"] = "waistcoat", ["裳"] = "lower garment; skirts; petticoats; garments", ["裴"] = "''surname''", ["裸"] = "naked", ["裹"] = "wrap around", ["製"] = "manufacture", ["裾"] = "garment", ["褂"] = "coat", ["複"] = "repeat, double, overlap", ["褉"] = "short garments", ["褊"] = "narrow; urgent", ["褌"] = "sacrificial robe of the empress", ["褎"] = "sleeve; ample flowing robes", ["褐"] = "brown", ["褒"] = "to praise", ["褓"] = "cloth for carrying baby on back", ["褔"] = "complex; double", ["褕"] = "loose garment", ["褘"] = "ceremonial gowns of a queen", ["褙"] = "paper or cloth pasted together", ["褚"] = "''surname''", ["褟"] = "inner shirt or singlet", ["褡"] = "cummerbund", ["褢"] = "to carry in the bosom or the sleeve; to wrap, to conceal", ["褥"] = "mattress", ["褦"] = "ignorant; sun hat", ["褧"] = "monotone garment with no lining", ["褪"] = "fade; take off (clothes)", ["褫"] = "strip; deprive of; to discharge; dismiss; undress", ["褯"] = "child's garment", ["褰"] = "lift up the skirts; lower garments", ["褱"] = "to carry in the bosom or the sleeve; to wrap, to conceal", ["褲"] = "drawers; trousers; pants", ["褵"] = "bride's veil or kerchief", ["褶"] = "pleat; crease; (archaic) court dress", ["褸"] = "soiled; tattered", ["褻"] = "licentious", ["褽"] = "collar", ["襁"] = "cloth for carrying baby on back", ["襄"] = "assist", ["襆"] = "hemless skirt; hood; turban", ["襋"] = "coat collar", ["襌"] = "garment without a lining", ["襏"] = "raincoat", ["襖"] = "coat; jacket; short and lined coat or robe", ["襚"] = "grave-clothes", ["襛"] = "bright light; warm dress", ["襜"] = "the front of clothes", ["襞"] = "creases; folds or pleats in a garment", ["襟"] = "overlapping part of Chinese gown", ["襠"] = "crotch; seat of a pair of trousers", ["襡"] = "short skirt or tunic", ["襢"] = "to bare", ["襤"] = "ragged garments", ["襦"] = "jacket; short coat", ["襪"] = "socks; stockings", ["襫"] = "raincoat", ["襬"] = "hem at the bottom of garment", ["襭"] = "carry with the front of a robe", ["襮"] = "embroidered collar; expose", ["襯"] = "give alms; underwear; to line; lining; contrast; assist", ["襲"] = "inherit; raid; suit of clothes", ["襴"] = "gown or robe", ["襶"] = "untidy (in dress)", ["襻"] = "a loop; a belt or band", ["襼"] = "sleeve of dress", ["襾"] = "cover; radical no. 146", ["西"] = "west", ["要"] = "important; vital; to want; to be going to; must; demand; ask; request; coerce", ["覂"] = "to throw a rider", ["覃"] = "''surname''; deep", ["覆"] = "to cover; to overflow; to reply to a letter; to overturn; to capsize", ["覈"] = "examine thoroughly", ["見"] = "to see; to meet; to appear; to interview", ["規"] = "compass; rule", ["覓"] = "seek", ["視"] = "to look at; to regard; to inspect", ["覗"] = "peek", ["覘"] = "keep at; to spy", ["覜"] = "have an audience", ["覡"] = "wizard", ["覦"] = "passionately desire", ["親"] = "dear; intimate; parent; relation; closely related; parents-in-law of one's offspring", ["覬"] = "covet; long for", ["覯"] = "complete; meet unexpectedly; see", ["覷"] = "to spy; watch for", ["覺"] = "feel; find that; thinking; awake; aware; a nap; a sleep", ["覽"] = "look over; to view", ["覿"] = "face to face", ["觀"] = "to look at; to watch; to observe; to behold; Taoist monastery", ["角"] = "horn; angle; role; actor; contend; horn-shaped; Chinese musical note", ["觔"] = "catty", ["觕"] = "coarse, rough, rude", ["觖"] = "dissatisfied", ["觚"] = "goblet; rule; law", ["觜"] = "mouth; (zodiacal sign)", ["觝"] = "to butt; resist", ["觡"] = "horns; antlers", ["解"] = "to loosen; to untie; to explain; to remove; to divide; to dissolve; to solve; solution; send under escort", ["觥"] = "big; cup made of horn; horn wine container", ["觩"] = "bent upwards; taut", ["觫"] = "tremble with fear", ["觭"] = "odd; one horn up and one horn down", ["觱"] = "fever; tartar horn", ["觳"] = "(measure); frightened", ["觴"] = "feast; goblet", ["觶"] = "goblet", ["觷"] = "to polish horn", ["觸"] = "knock against; touch; to feel", ["觼"] = "buckle; clasp; ring", ["觿"] = "ivory bodkin for undoing knots", ["言"] = "to speak; to say; talk; word", ["訂"] = "to agree; to conclude; to draw up; to subscribe to (a newspaper, etc.); to order", ["訃"] = "obituary notice", ["訇"] = "''surname''; sound of a crash", ["計"] = "to calculate; to compute; to count; reckon; ruse; to plan", ["訊"] = "to question; to ask; to interrogate; rapid; speedy; fast; news; information", ["討"] = "ask for; send punitive expedition; to demand; to marry", ["訏"] = "to boast; great; large", ["訐"] = "accuse; pry", ["訑"] = "arrogant; mean", ["訒"] = "slow in speech", ["訓"] = "example; pattern; to teach; to train; instruction", ["訕"] = "abuse; slander", ["訖"] = "finished", ["託"] = "entrust", ["記"] = "to remember; to note; mark; sign; to record", ["訛"] = "error; exhort; false", ["訝"] = "astounded", ["訟"] = "litigation", ["訢"] = "happy", ["訣"] = "farewell; secrets (of an art)", ["訥"] = "large; speak cautiously", ["訧"] = "fault; mistake", ["訪"] = "inquire; seek; visit", ["訬"] = "clamour, uproar, annoyance", ["設"] = "to set up; to arrange; to establish; to found; to display", ["許"] = "to allow; to permit; to praise; ''surname''", ["訴"] = "complain; sue; tell", ["訶"] = "to blame; ridicule in loud voice", ["訹"] = "to beguile with false stories", ["診"] = "examine or treat medically", ["註"] = "annotate", ["証"] = "prove, confirm, verify; proof", ["訾"] = "backbite; dislike; ''surname''; wealth", ["詀"] = "garrulous; to whisper; to joke", ["詁"] = "comment; explain", ["詅"] = "to sell", ["詆"] = "defame; to slander", ["詈"] = "curse; scold", ["詊"] = "pleasing; clever talk", ["詎"] = "how (interj. of surprise)", ["詐"] = "crafty; dishonest", ["詑"] = "cheat", ["詒"] = "a present in writing; bequeath", ["詔"] = "imperial order", ["評"] = "to discuss; to comment; to criticize; to judge; to choose (by public appraisal)", ["詖"] = "a half-truth; flatter", ["詗"] = "clever; to gossip; to spy", ["詘"] = "to bend; yield", ["詛"] = "curse; swear (oath)", ["詞"] = "word; phrase; classical Chinese poem", ["詠"] = "sing", ["詡"] = "brag; harmony; make known", ["詢"] = "inquire", ["詣"] = "go", ["試"] = "to test; to try; experiment; examination; test", ["詨"] = "kind of cicada, [[cosmopsaltria]]", ["詩"] = "poem; poetry; verse", ["詫"] = "surprised; to wander; to be astonished", ["詬"] = "sense of shame; to abuse", ["詭"] = "sly; crafty", ["詮"] = "explain; comment", ["詰"] = "investigate; restrain; scold", ["話"] = "spoken words; speech; dialect; language; talk; conversation; what someone said", ["該"] = "that; the above-mentioned; most likely; to deserve; should; ought to; owe", ["詳"] = "detailed; comprehensive", ["詵"] = "inform; inquire", ["詹"] = "excellent; verbose", ["詻"] = "harsh; forbidding", ["詼"] = "whimsical; humorous", ["詿"] = "deceive; disturb", ["誂"] = "tempt", ["誃"] = "to separate", ["誄"] = "eulogize the dead; eulogy", ["誅"] = "execute; punish", ["誆"] = "mislead; to swindle", ["誇"] = "to boast", ["誌"] = "sign; mark; to record; write a footnote", ["認"] = "to recognize; to know; to admit", ["誑"] = "deceive; lies", ["誓"] = "oath; vow; to swear; to pledge", ["誕"] = "birth; birthday; brag; boast; to increase", ["誘"] = "entice; tempt", ["誚"] = "ridicule; to blame", ["語"] = "speech; language; dialect; tell to", ["誠"] = "honest; sincere; true", ["誡"] = "commandment; prohibit", ["誣"] = "accuse falsely", ["誤"] = "mistake; error; to miss; to harm; to delay; to neglect", ["誥"] = "enjoin; grant (a title)", ["誦"] = "read aloud", ["誧"] = "huge; to admonish", ["誨"] = "admonish; instruct", ["說"] = "to speak; to say; persuade (politically)", ["誰"] = "who", ["課"] = "subject; class; lesson", ["誶"] = "abuse", ["誹"] = "slander", ["誼"] = "friendship", ["誾"] = "''surname''; respectful; speak gently", ["調"] = "harmonize; reconcile; blend; suit well; provoke; incite; mode (music); to move (troops); tune; tone; melody; to transfer", ["諂"] = "flatter; cajole", ["諄"] = "repeatedly (in giving advice)", ["諆"] = "deceive; contrive", ["談"] = "to speak; to talk; to converse; to chat; to discuss; ''surname''", ["諉"] = "shirk; give excuses", ["請"] = "to ask; to invite; please (do something); to treat (to a meal, etc.); to request", ["諍"] = "to admonish", ["諏"] = "choose; consult", ["諑"] = "complain", ["諒"] = "forgive", ["諕"] = "to intimidate", ["論"] = "to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius)", ["諗"] = "consult", ["諛"] = "flatter", ["諜"] = "to spy", ["諝"] = "deceit; knowledge", ["諞"] = "brag", ["諟"] = "examine; judge", ["諠"] = "clamour; noise; deceitful", ["諡"] = "confer such title; posthumous title", ["諢"] = "jest; nickname", ["諤"] = "honest speech", ["諦"] = "examine; truth (Buddhist)", ["諧"] = "harmonious", ["諫"] = "to admonish", ["諭"] = "order (from above)", ["諮"] = "consult", ["諱"] = "avoid mentioning; to taboo", ["諳"] = "be versed in; know well", ["諴"] = "bring into accord; sincerity", ["諵"] = "mumble in repetition", ["諶"] = "faithful; sincere", ["諷"] = "satirize", ["諸"] = "all; many; various", ["諺"] = "proverb", ["諼"] = "{{taxlink|Hemerocallis flava|species}}; false; forget", ["諾"] = "to promise; to yes", ["謀"] = "to plan; seek; scheme", ["謁"] = "to visit (a superior)", ["謂"] = "speak of", ["謄"] = "make a (clean) copy", ["謅"] = "make up (a story)", ["謆"] = "beguile; cajole", ["謇"] = "speak out boldly", ["謊"] = "lies; to lie", ["謍"] = "humming sound", ["謎"] = "riddle", ["謏"] = "small; induce", ["謐"] = "quiet", ["謑"] = "shame, disgrace", ["謖"] = "composed; rise; to begin", ["謗"] = "to slander; defame; speak ill of", ["謙"] = "modest", ["謚"] = "confer such title; posthumous title", ["講"] = "to talk; speech; to speak; to tell; to explain", ["謝"] = "to decline; to thank; gratitude", ["謠"] = "popular ballad; false rumour", ["謨"] = "plan; to practise", ["謪"] = "to consult; to deliberate; commerce", ["謫"] = "disgrace (an official); find fault", ["謬"] = "absurd; erroneous", ["謳"] = "sing ballads; songs", ["謷"] = "greatness; slander; sound of weeping", ["謹"] = "cautious", ["謼"] = "to shout; to mourn; to invoke", ["謾"] = "disrespect; neglect; slight; deceive", ["譁"] = "clamour; noise", ["譅"] = "talkative; loquacious", ["譆"] = "oh (denoting fright)", ["譈"] = "dislike; hate", ["證"] = "certificate; proof; to prove; to demonstrate; to confirm", ["譊"] = "wrangling, contention, to dispute", ["譎"] = "deceitful", ["譏"] = "ridicule", ["譒"] = "promulgate; to spread", ["譔"] = "compose; compile; discourse in praise", ["譖"] = "slander", ["識"] = "to record; write a footnote; to know; knowledge", ["譙"] = "ridicule; to blame; ''surname''; drum tower", ["譚"] = "talk; ''surname''", ["譜"] = "chart; list; score (music); spectrum (maths) (phys.)", ["譟"] = "disturbance; noise of crowd", ["警"] = "to alert; to warn; police", ["譫"] = "incoherent talk; talkative", ["譬"] = "give an example", ["譭"] = "defame; to slander", ["譯"] = "to translate; to interpret", ["議"] = "criticize; discuss", ["譴"] = "punishment; scold", ["護"] = "protect", ["譸"] = "deceive; to lie", ["譹"] = "to shout, roar, terrify; swiftly", ["譽"] = "reputation", ["譾"] = "shallow; stupid", ["讀"] = "to read; to study; comma; phrase marked by pause", ["讅"] = "investigate; try (in court)", ["讆"] = "to exaggerate; incredible", ["變"] = "to change; to become different; to transform; to vary; rebellion", ["讋"] = "be frightened", ["讌"] = "feast; repose", ["讎"] = "enmity; feud", ["讒"] = "slander; defame; misrepresent; to speak maliciously", ["讓"] = "to ask; to let; permit; have (someone do something); to yield; to allow", ["讕"] = "make a false charge", ["讖"] = "prophecy; omen", ["讙"] = "acclamation", ["讚"] = "to praise", ["讜"] = "advice; counsels", ["讞"] = "decide judicially", ["讟"] = "to murmur; to slander", ["谷"] = "valley", ["谽"] = "a mouth or opening", ["谿"] = "creek", ["豁"] = "opening; stake all; sacrifice; crack; slit; clear; open; exempt (from); liberal-minded; play Chinese finger game", ["豆"] = "bean; sacrificial vessel", ["豇"] = "cowpeas; black-eyed beans", ["豈"] = "how can it be that", ["豉"] = "salted fermented beans", ["豊"] = "abundant, lush, bountiful, plenty", ["豋"] = "ceremonial vessel", ["豌"] = "peas", ["豎"] = "(straight down character stroke); to erect; vertical", ["豏"] = "d (29th); half-grown beans", ["豐"] = "abundant; plentiful; great; ''surname''", ["豔"] = "glamorous", ["豕"] = "hog; swine", ["豖"] = "a shackled pig", ["豗"] = "clash; grunting of pigs", ["豚"] = "suckling pig", ["豜"] = "pig of 3 years", ["豝"] = "corned beef; female pig", ["象"] = "shape; form; appearance; elephant; image under a map (maths)", ["豢"] = "feed pigs and dogs; to rear", ["豦"] = "a wild boar; to fight", ["豨"] = "swine", ["豪"] = "grand; heroic; luxurious", ["豫"] = "beforehand; prepare; Henan Province (abbrev.)", ["豬"] = "hog; pig; swine", ["豭"] = "boar; male pig", ["豳"] = "name of an ancient city", ["豵"] = "litter of pigs; little pig", ["豶"] = "gelded pig", ["豷"] = "breathing of pigs", ["豸"] = "beast with long backbone; legless insect", ["豹"] = "leopard; panther", ["豺"] = "dhole", ["豻"] = "(canine); jail", ["貂"] = "sable; marten", ["貅"] = "(leopard)", ["貆"] = "badger", ["貉"] = "badger-like animal; name of a wild tribe; silent", ["貊"] = "name of a wild tribe; silent", ["貌"] = "appearance", ["貍"] = "wild cat", ["貓"] = "cat", ["貔"] = "(leopard)", ["貘"] = "tapir", ["貜"] = "(ape)", ["貝"] = "cowries; shell; valuables; shellfish", ["貞"] = "chaste", ["負"] = "lose; negative (maths, etc.); to bear; to carry (on one's back)", ["財"] = "money; wealth; riches; property; valuables", ["貢"] = "tribute; gifts", ["貤"] = "promote; reward", ["貧"] = "poor", ["貨"] = "goods; money; commodity", ["販"] = "deal in; trade in; to peddle; to sell", ["貪"] = "greedy", ["貫"] = "pierce; to string", ["責"] = "duty; responsibility; to reproach; to blame", ["貯"] = "to store; to save; stockpile", ["貰"] = "borrow; buy on credit; rent out", ["貲"] = "fine instead of punishment; property", ["貳"] = "two (fraud-proof)", ["貴"] = "expensive; noble; your (name); precious", ["貶"] = "to diminish; to demote; reduce or devaluate; disparage; censure; depreciate", ["買"] = "buy", ["貸"] = "lend on interest; borrow; loan; make excuses; pardon; forgive", ["貺"] = "bestow; confer", ["費"] = "to cost; to spend; fee; wasteful; expenses; ''surname''", ["貼"] = "to stick; to paste; to keep close to; to fit snugly; subsidize; allowance", ["貽"] = "bequeath", ["貿"] = "commerce; trade", ["賀"] = "congratulate", ["賁"] = "bright; energetic", ["賂"] = "bribe; bribery", ["賃"] = "to rent", ["賄"] = "bribe; bribery", ["賅"] = "''surname''; include in; prepare", ["資"] = "resources; capital; to provide; to supply; to support; money; expense", ["賈"] = "merchant; to buy", ["賊"] = "thief", ["賏"] = "pearls or shells strung together", ["賑"] = "to relieve (the distressed)", ["賒"] = "buy on credit", ["賓"] = "visitor; guest", ["賕"] = "to bribe", ["賙"] = "bestow alms", ["賚"] = "bestow; confer", ["賜"] = "confer; bestow; grant", ["賝"] = "(gem)", ["賞"] = "enjoy the beauty of; give; award", ["賠"] = "lose in trade; pay damage", ["賡"] = "continue (as a song)", ["賢"] = "worthy (person)", ["賣"] = "sell", ["賤"] = "inexpensive; lowly", ["賦"] = "poetic essay; taxation; bestow on; endow with", ["賧"] = "fine", ["賨"] = "tribute paid by Han dynasty tribes", ["質"] = "hostage; substance; nature; quality", ["賬"] = "account", ["賭"] = "bet; gamble", ["賮"] = "farewell presents", ["賴"] = "disclaim; rely; to blame", ["賵"] = "gift to the dead", ["賸"] = "have as remainder", ["賺"] = "cheat; swindle; earn; make a profit", ["賻"] = "contribute to funeral expenses", ["購"] = "to buy; to purchase", ["賽"] = "to compete; competition; match", ["賾"] = "mysterious", ["贄"] = "gifts to superiors", ["贅"] = "superfluous", ["贇"] = "good appearance", ["贈"] = "give present", ["贉"] = "pay an advance; silk book cover", ["贊"] = "to patronize; to support; to praise", ["贍"] = "to support; provide for", ["贏"] = "to beat; to win; to profit", ["贐"] = "farewell presents", ["贓"] = "booty; spoils", ["贔"] = "able to support great weight", ["贖"] = "redeem; to ransom", ["贗"] = "false", ["贛"] = "Jiangxi", ["赤"] = "red; scarlet; bare; naked", ["赦"] = "to pardon (a convict)", ["赧"] = "blush", ["赫"] = "distinguished; awe-inspiring", ["赬"] = "deep red", ["赭"] = "ochre", ["走"] = "to walk; to go; to move; to leave", ["赴"] = "go towards; go to; attend (a banquet, etc.); to go", ["起"] = "to rise; to raise; to get up", ["趁"] = "avail oneself of; take advantage of", ["趄"] = "recline; hesitate; mark time", ["超"] = "to exceed; overtake; surpass; transcend; ultra-; super-; to pass; to cross", ["越"] = "to exceed; to climb over; to surpass; the more ... the more", ["趑"] = "can't move; to falter", ["趒"] = "to jump, to climb over, to leap, to posture; a gangway", ["趔"] = "stumble", ["趕"] = "to catch up; to overtake; to hurry; to rush; to drive away", ["趙"] = "''surname''", ["趟"] = "a time; a trip", ["趡"] = "place name", ["趣"] = "interesting; to interest", ["趨"] = "to hasten; to hurry; walk fast", ["趫"] = "nimble; walk on stilts", ["趮"] = "easily provoked, hasty; fierce, cruel", ["趯"] = "to jump; way of stroke in calligraphy", ["趲"] = "hasten; urge", ["足"] = "foot; to be sufficient", ["趴"] = "to lie on one's stomach", ["趵"] = "jump; leap", ["趷"] = "to jolt", ["趹"] = "to gallop", ["趺"] = "instep; tarsus", ["趼"] = "callous", ["趾"] = "toe; foot", ["跁"] = "to squat; crouch", ["跂"] = "foot with six toes", ["跅"] = "careless", ["跆"] = "trample", ["跋"] = "travel; walk", ["跌"] = "to drop; to fall; to tumble", ["跏"] = "sit cross-legged", ["跐"] = "to trample, to step, to walk on the ball of the foot", ["跑"] = "to run; to escape", ["跕"] = "shuffle", ["跖"] = "sole of foot", ["跗"] = "instep; tarsus", ["跙"] = "weak, lame", ["跚"] = "limp", ["跛"] = "lame; crippled", ["距"] = "at a distance of; distance; to be apart", ["跟"] = "to follow; to go with; heel; with; and", ["跡"] = "footprint; mark; trace; vestige; sign; indication", ["跣"] = "barefooted", ["跤"] = "bones of leg; wrestle", ["跦"] = "pace back and forth; to walk", ["跧"] = "to curl up; crouch", ["跨"] = "step across; step astride", ["跩"] = "waddle; swagger", ["跪"] = "kneel", ["跫"] = "sound of trampling", ["跬"] = "brief; short step", ["跮"] = "hasty walking", ["路"] = "road; path; way", ["跱"] = "to squat; to stop", ["跲"] = "stumble", ["跳"] = "jump; hop; skip (a grade); to leap; to bounce; to beat", ["跴"] = "capture; step on", ["跺"] = "(v) stamp one's foot", ["跼"] = "cramped; narrow", ["跽"] = "kneel", ["踅"] = "to walk around; turn back midway; walk with one leg", ["踆"] = "squat", ["踉"] = "stagger; sway from side to side; jump", ["踊"] = "leap", ["踏"] = "step on", ["踐"] = "fulfil (a promise); tread; walk", ["踒"] = "to slip and sprain a limb", ["踔"] = "to get ahead; to stride; to excel", ["踖"] = "to step; walk reverently", ["踘"] = "leather ball", ["踜"] = "to stumble; to slip; to fall", ["踝"] = "ankle (bone)", ["踞"] = "be based upon; squat", ["踟"] = "hesitating; undecided; hesitant", ["踡"] = "to curl up", ["踢"] = "kick; play (football or soccer)", ["踣"] = "corpse; prostrate", ["踤"] = "butt against", ["踦"] = "shin", ["踧"] = "carefully; level; smooth", ["踩"] = "step upon; tread on; stamp", ["踫"] = "collide, bump into", ["踮"] = "tip toe", ["踰"] = "exceed; jump over", ["踱"] = "stroll, pace, walk slowly", ["踴"] = "leap", ["踵"] = "arrive; follow; heel", ["踶"] = "kick; tread on", ["踹"] = "kick; trample", ["踼"] = "to fall flat; to fall on the face", ["踽"] = "hunchbacked; walk alone", ["蹀"] = "tread on", ["蹁"] = "to limp", ["蹂"] = "trample", ["蹄"] = "hoof; pork shoulder", ["蹇"] = "difficulty; lame", ["蹈"] = "tread on; trample; stamp; fulfil", ["蹉"] = "error; slip; miss; err", ["蹊"] = "footpath", ["蹋"] = "step on", ["蹌"] = "stagger; sway from side to side; walk rapidly", ["蹐"] = "walk with short steps", ["蹓"] = "to stroll; walk a horse", ["蹔"] = "temporary; fleeting; ephemeral", ["蹕"] = "to clear streets when emperor tours", ["蹙"] = "urgent; wrinkled; contracted; to kick", ["蹚"] = "wade", ["蹜"] = "walk carefully", ["蹝"] = "slippers", ["蹟"] = "footprint; trace", ["蹠"] = "metatarsus; sole of foot; tread on", ["蹡"] = "(manner of walking)", ["蹢"] = "hoof", ["蹣"] = "limp", ["蹤"] = "footprint; trace; tracks", ["蹦"] = "to jump; bounce or hop", ["蹧"] = "to waste; spoil", ["蹩"] = "limp", ["蹬"] = "step into (as tight shoe)", ["蹭"] = "rub against; walk slowly; rub", ["蹯"] = "paws of animal", ["蹲"] = "crouch; squat", ["蹴"] = "carefully; kick; tread on; stamp", ["蹶"] = "stumble; trample; to kick (as a horse)", ["蹺"] = "raise one's foot", ["蹻"] = "raise one's foot", ["蹼"] = "web (of feet of ducks, frogs, etc.)", ["躁"] = "hot-tempered; impatient", ["躄"] = "both feet crippled; lame", ["躅"] = "to step on; footprint", ["躇"] = "hesitate", ["躉"] = "wholesale", ["躋"] = "go up", ["躍"] = "to jump; to leap", ["躐"] = "step across", ["躑"] = "to kick; to jump; foot filth", ["躒"] = "move; walk", ["躓"] = "stumble", ["躔"] = "course of stars; follow precedent", ["躕"] = "irresolute; undecided", ["躗"] = "exaggerate", ["躘"] = "to walk", ["躚"] = "manner of dancing; walk around", ["躝"] = "to pass; to step over; to creep; to twine round", ["躞"] = "to walk", ["躠"] = "to limp", ["躡"] = "chase; step; tread", ["躥"] = "jump up", ["躦"] = "to jump", ["躩"] = "bend; leap", ["躪"] = "trample down, oppress, overrun", ["身"] = "body; torso; person; life; status; pregnancy; (a measure word used for clothes) suit", ["躬"] = "body; oneself; personally; to bow", ["躲"] = "avoid; get out of way; to hide; to go into hiding", ["躺"] = "to recline; to lie down", ["軀"] = "human body", ["車"] = "vehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe", ["軋"] = "crush; in the first place", ["軌"] = "course; path; track; rail", ["軍"] = "army; military; arms", ["軏"] = "crossbar for yoking horses", ["軒"] = "covered carriage; pavilion", ["軔"] = "brake", ["軘"] = "war chariot", ["軛"] = "restrain; yoke", ["軜"] = "inner reins of a 4-horse team", ["軝"] = "end of axle", ["軟"] = "soft; flexible", ["軥"] = "ends of yoke", ["軨"] = "lattice work on front and sides", ["軫"] = "d (11th); strongly (as of emotion)", ["軱"] = "wheel", ["軷"] = "sacrifice", ["軸"] = "axis; axle", ["軹"] = "end of axle outside of hub", ["軺"] = "light carriage", ["軻"] = "given name of Mencius", ["軼"] = "disperse; put in order; surpass", ["軾"] = "crossbar in carriage front", ["軿"] = "curtained carriage used by women", ["輀"] = "hearse", ["較"] = "clear; distinct; compare; comparatively", ["輅"] = "chariot", ["輇"] = "small; wheel without spokes", ["輈"] = "beam; pole; shaft", ["載"] = "to carry; to convey; to load; to hold; and; also; as well as; simultaneously; year", ["輊"] = "back and lower of chariot; short; low", ["輒"] = "sides of chariot where weapons", ["輓"] = "draw; pull; send funeral ode", ["輔"] = "to assist; to complement; auxiliary", ["輕"] = "light; easy; gentle; soft; reckless; unimportant; frivolous; small in number; unstressed; neutral", ["輗"] = "clamps for crossbar of carriage", ["輛"] = "(a measure word for vehicles)", ["輜"] = "carriage that has curtain; carriage for military supply", ["輝"] = "bright; glorious", ["輞"] = "tire; wheel band", ["輟"] = "stop; cease; suspend", ["輠"] = "grease-pot under a cart", ["輤"] = "a pall to cover the hearse", ["輥"] = "revolve; stone roller", ["輦"] = "emperor's carriage", ["輩"] = "contemporaries; generation; lifetime", ["輪"] = "wheel; gear; (by) turn; rotate", ["輬"] = "a hearse; a carriage", ["輮"] = "wheel band", ["輯"] = "gather up; collect; edit; compile", ["輳"] = "converge; hub of wheel", ["輴"] = "hearse", ["輵"] = "great array of spears and chariots", ["輶"] = "light carriage; trifling", ["輸"] = "to transport; to lose", ["輹"] = "parts of cart holding the axle", ["輻"] = "spoke of a wheel", ["輾"] = "roll over on side; turn half over", ["輿"] = "carriage; sedan chair; world", ["轀"] = "hearse", ["轂"] = "hub of wheel; wheel", ["轄"] = "have jurisdiction over", ["轅"] = "shafts of cart; yamen", ["轆"] = "windlass", ["轇"] = "complicated, confused; dispute", ["轉"] = "to revolve; to turn; to circle about; to walk about; to convey; to forward (mail); to transfer; to shift", ["轍"] = "rut; track; to remove; to withdraw", ["轎"] = "sedan chair", ["轏"] = "chariot for sleeping and conveyance", ["轑"] = "spokes", ["轒"] = "war chariot", ["轔"] = "rumbling of wheels", ["轕"] = "confused; disorderly", ["轖"] = "leather top of a cart", ["轗"] = "unable to reach one's aim", ["轘"] = "to tear between chariots (punishment)", ["轙"] = "rings on the yokes", ["轝"] = "sedan chair", ["轞"] = "vehicle for transporting prisoners", ["轟"] = "explosion; bang; boom; rumble; strike (by thunder or a bomb)", ["轡"] = "bridle; reins", ["轢"] = "to bully; wheel-rut", ["轤"] = "windlass", ["辛"] = "8th [[heavenly stem]]; tired", ["辜"] = "crime; sin", ["辟"] = "law; king; emperor; monarch; royal; ward off", ["辣"] = "hot (spicy); pungent", ["辦"] = "to do; to manage; to handle; to go about; to run; to set up; to deal with", ["辨"] = "distinguish; recognize", ["辭"] = "bid farewell; diction; resign; say goodbye; take leave; decline", ["辮"] = "a braid or queue; to plait", ["辯"] = "dispute; debate; argue; discuss", ["辰"] = "5th [[earthly branch]]; 7–9 a.m.", ["辱"] = "disgrace; insult", ["農"] = "agriculture", ["辿"] = "follow, pursue", ["迂"] = "literal-minded", ["迄"] = "as yet; until", ["迅"] = "rapid", ["迋"] = "deceive; scare; to travel", ["迍"] = "falter, hesitate", ["迎"] = "to welcome", ["近"] = "near; close (to); approximately", ["迓"] = "receive (as a guest)", ["返"] = "to return (to)", ["迕"] = "obstinate, perverse", ["迢"] = "remote", ["迣"] = "to leap over", ["迤"] = "extending to; winding", ["迥"] = "distant", ["迨"] = "catch; seize; until", ["迪"] = "direct; follow", ["迫"] = "to force; to compel; pressing; urgent", ["迭"] = "alternately; repeatedly", ["迮"] = "haste; to press", ["述"] = "to state; to tell; to narrate; to relate", ["迴"] = "to curve; to return; to revolve", ["迷"] = "bewilder; crazy about; fan; enthusiast; lost; confused", ["迸"] = "to burst forth; to spurt; to crack; split", ["迺"] = "thereupon", ["迻"] = "to shift; to transfer", ["追"] = "pursue (a problem); to chase", ["迿"] = "to be the first to begin a quarrel", ["退"] = "retreat; to decline; to move back; to withdraw", ["送"] = "to deliver; to carry; to give (as a present); to present (with); to see off; to send", ["逃"] = "to escape; to run away; to flee", ["逄"] = "''surname''", ["逆"] = "contrary; opposite; backwards; to go against; to oppose; to betray; to rebel", ["逋"] = "flee; abscond; owe", ["逌"] = "distant; joyous; satisfied", ["透"] = "to penetrate; thorough; penetrating; to pass through; to pierce", ["逐"] = "to pursue; to chase; individually; one by one", ["逑"] = "collect; to match", ["途"] = "way; route; road", ["逕"] = "way; path; direct; diameter", ["逖"] = "far", ["逗"] = "stay; stop; to pause (while reading); to tease (play with)", ["這"] = "this; these; (sometimes used before a measure word, especially in Beijing)", ["通"] = "go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open", ["逛"] = "to stroll; to visit", ["逝"] = "depart; die", ["逞"] = "please oneself; presume on; boast", ["速"] = "fast; rapid; quick", ["造"] = "to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture", ["逡"] = "shrink from", ["逢"] = "every time; meet by chance", ["連"] = "even; as; to join; to link; successively", ["逭"] = "escape from", ["逮"] = "catch; seize; until; arrest", ["逯"] = "go carefully", ["週"] = "cycle; week", ["進"] = "advance; enter; to come in", ["逴"] = "apparent; distant; highly", ["逵"] = "crossroads; thoroughfare", ["逶"] = "winding, curving; swagger", ["逸"] = "escape; leisurely; outstanding", ["逼"] = "force; compel; drive; press for; extort; press on towards; press up to; close in on; close", ["逾"] = "to exceed; to go beyond; to jump over", ["遁"] = "disappear; to escape", ["遂"] = "forthwith", ["遄"] = "hurry; go to and fro", ["遇"] = "meet with", ["遉"] = "spy, reconnoitre; detective", ["遊"] = "to roam; travel", ["運"] = "to move; to transport; to use; to apply; fortune; luck; fate", ["遍"] = "a time; everywhere; turn; all over; one time", ["過"] = "to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too-", ["遏"] = "to stop; check", ["遐"] = "abandon; distant", ["遑"] = "leisure", ["遒"] = "consolidate; end; strong", ["道"] = "direction; way; method; road; path; principle; truth; reason; skill; Tao (of Taoism); a measure word; to say; to speak; to talk", ["達"] = "attain; pass through; achieve; reach; realize; clear; inform; notify; dignity", ["違"] = "to disobey; to violate; to separate; to go against", ["遘"] = "meet unexpectedly", ["遙"] = "distant; remote; far; far away", ["遛"] = "to stroll; walk a horse; to linger", ["遜"] = "to yield", ["遝"] = "abundant; mixed", ["遞"] = "to hand over; to pass; to give", ["遠"] = "far; distant; remote", ["遣"] = "dispatch", ["遨"] = "make excursion; ramble; travel", ["適"] = "to fit; to suit", ["遫"] = "alert; nimble; quick", ["遭"] = "a time; incident; meet by chance; turn", ["遮"] = "cover up (a shortcoming); screen off; to hide; to conceal", ["遯"] = "disappear; to escape", ["遰"] = "go away; migrate", ["遲"] = "late; delayed; slow", ["遴"] = "select for appointment", ["遵"] = "to observe; to obey; to follow", ["遶"] = "go around; to wind (around)", ["遷"] = "to move; to shift", ["選"] = "to choose; to pick; to select; to elect", ["遹"] = "follow; in accordance with", ["遺"] = "to lose; to leave behind", ["遻"] = "recalcitrant; to encounter", ["遼"] = "Liaoning; name of a dynasty", ["遽"] = "hurry; fast; suddenly", ["避"] = "avoid; shun; flee; escape; leave; to keep away; to leave; to hide", ["邀"] = "invite to come", ["邁"] = "take a step", ["邃"] = "deep; distant; mysterious", ["還"] = "pay back; return; also; in addition; more; still; else; yet; (not) yet", ["邅"] = "not making progress", ["邇"] = "near", ["邈"] = "profound; remote", ["邊"] = "side; edge; margin; border; boundary", ["邏"] = "to patrol", ["邐"] = "winding", ["邑"] = "city", ["邕"] = "harmonious", ["邗"] = "name of an ancient river", ["邘"] = "''surname''; place name", ["邙"] = "name of a hill", ["邛"] = "mound; place name", ["邠"] = "name of an ancient city", ["邢"] = "''surname''; place name", ["那"] = "that; those; which", ["邦"] = "a state; country or nation", ["邧"] = "place name", ["邪"] = "daemonical; iniquitous; nefarious", ["邰"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["邱"] = "''surname''; mound", ["邲"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["邴"] = "''surname''; ancient city name; happy", ["邵"] = "''surname''; place name", ["邶"] = "name of a feudal state", ["邸"] = "''surname''; lodging-house", ["邽"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["邾"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["邿"] = "place name", ["郁"] = "''surname''; elegant", ["郃"] = "name of a person", ["郅"] = "''surname''; extremely", ["郇"] = "name of a feudal state", ["郈"] = "''surname''; place name", ["郊"] = "suburb", ["郎"] = "youth", ["郔"] = "place name", ["郕"] = "name of a feudal state", ["郗"] = "''surname''; name of an ancient city", ["郙"] = "ancient place name", ["郚"] = "place name", ["郛"] = "suburbs", ["郜"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["郝"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["郟"] = "name of a district in Henan", ["郠"] = "place name", ["郡"] = "canton; county; region", ["郢"] = "name of an ancient city", ["郤"] = "''surname''; crack; occasion for dislike", ["部"] = "ministry; department; section; part; division; troops; board; (a measure word); (a measure word for works of literature, films, machines, etc.)", ["郪"] = "name of a river; place name", ["郫"] = "place name", ["郭"] = "''surname''; outer city wall", ["郯"] = "''surname''; name of an ancient city", ["郰"] = "birthplace of Confucius in Shandong", ["郳"] = "place name", ["郴"] = "name of a district in Hunan", ["郵"] = "post (office); mail", ["郹"] = "place name", ["都"] = "metropolis; capital city; all; both (if two things are involved); entirely; even; already", ["郾"] = "place name", ["郿"] = "ancient place name", ["鄀"] = "place name", ["鄂"] = "Hubei province (abbrev.)", ["鄄"] = "name of a district in Shandong", ["鄆"] = "place name", ["鄇"] = "place name", ["鄈"] = "place name", ["鄉"] = "country; village", ["鄋"] = "name of a tribe", ["鄍"] = "place name", ["鄎"] = "place name", ["鄏"] = "place name", ["鄐"] = "''surname''", ["鄑"] = "place name", ["鄒"] = "''surname''; name of district in Shandong", ["鄔"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["鄖"] = "name of a feudal state", ["鄗"] = "ancient place name", ["鄘"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["鄙"] = "rustic; low; base; mean", ["鄚"] = "''surname''", ["鄜"] = "name of a district in Shaanxi", ["鄞"] = "name of a district in Zhejiang", ["鄠"] = "name of a district in Shaanxi", ["鄢"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["鄣"] = "place name", ["鄤"] = "place name", ["鄧"] = "Deng (Xiaoping)", ["鄩"] = "''surname''; place name", ["鄫"] = "name of a feudal state", ["鄬"] = "place in Henan province", ["鄭"] = "''surname''", ["鄮"] = "ancient place name", ["鄯"] = "name of a district in Xinjiang", ["鄰"] = "neighbour; adjacent; close to", ["鄱"] = "name of a lake", ["鄴"] = "''surname''; name of ancient district", ["鄶"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["鄹"] = "name of a state; ''surname''", ["鄺"] = "''surname''", ["鄻"] = "place name", ["鄾"] = "place name", ["鄿"] = "(herb); place name", ["酃"] = "name of a district in Hunan", ["酅"] = "place name", ["酆"] = "''surname''; name of an ancient city", ["酇"] = "group of 100 families; place name", ["酈"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["酉"] = "10th [[earthly branch]]; 5–7 p.m.", ["酊"] = "tincture", ["酋"] = "tribal chief", ["酌"] = "to pour the alcoholic drink; to consider", ["配"] = "to join; to fit; to mate; to mix; to match; to deserve; to make up (a prescription)", ["酎"] = "rich alcoholic drink that is fermented multiple times", ["酏"] = "elixirs; sweet wine", ["酐"] = "anhydride", ["酒"] = "alcoholic drink", ["酖"] = "poisonous; to poison; addicted to liquor", ["酗"] = "drunk", ["酚"] = "phenol", ["酞"] = "phthalein", ["酡"] = "flushed (from drinking)", ["酢"] = "toast to host by guest", ["酣"] = "intoxicated", ["酤"] = "to deal in liquors", ["酥"] = "flaky", ["酪"] = "Chinese cream; cheese", ["酬"] = "entertain; repay; return; reward; compensate", ["酮"] = "[[ketone]]", ["酯"] = "[[ester]]", ["酰"] = "(chem.) [[-acyl]]; acid radical", ["酲"] = "alcoholic", ["酴"] = "yeast", ["酵"] = "yeast", ["酶"] = "enzyme", ["酷"] = "ruthless; strong (as of wine); (slang loan from English) cool, great", ["酸"] = "sour; sore; ache; acid", ["酹"] = "pour out libation; sprinkle", ["酺"] = "drink heavily; drink in company", ["醁"] = "name of a wine", ["醃"] = "to salt; pickle", ["醅"] = "unstrained spirits", ["醆"] = "wine cup", ["醇"] = "of alcoholic drink, rich, pure", ["醉"] = "intoxicated", ["醊"] = "pour libation on ground", ["醋"] = "vinegar", ["醑"] = "spiritus; strain spirits", ["醒"] = "to wake up; to awaken; to be awake", ["醓"] = "brine of pickled meat", ["醚"] = "[[ether]]", ["醛"] = "[[aldehyde]]", ["醜"] = "shameful; ugly; disgraceful", ["醝"] = "white wine", ["醞"] = "to brew", ["醡"] = "press for extracting wine", ["醢"] = "minced meat; pickled meat", ["醣"] = "carbohydrate", ["醨"] = "dregs of wine", ["醪"] = "alcoholic drink with dregs", ["醫"] = "medical; medicine; doctor; to cure; to treat", ["醬"] = "jam; thick sauce", ["醭"] = "mould on liquids", ["醮"] = "perform sacrifice", ["醯"] = "vinegar; acyl", ["醰"] = "bitter taste in wine; rich; full flavoured", ["醲"] = "concentrated; strong wine", ["醴"] = "sweet wine", ["醵"] = "contribute to a feast", ["醹"] = "strong (of wine)", ["醺"] = "to be drunk; to intoxicate with alcohol", ["醼"] = "strong (of tea)", ["醽"] = "name of a wine", ["醾"] = "unfiltered wine; wine brewed twice", ["釀"] = "ferment; brew", ["釁"] = "offer blood in sacrifice", ["釂"] = "drain a goblet", ["釃"] = "to filter alcohol; to pour alcohol or tea into drinkware; to branch off a river", ["釅"] = "strong (of tea)", ["釆"] = "to distinguish", ["采"] = "allotment to a feudal noble; affairs; gather", ["釉"] = "glaze (of porcelain)", ["釋"] = "explain; to release", ["里"] = "li, a Chinese unit of length", ["重"] = "heavy; serious; to double; to repeat; repetition; iteration; again; a layer", ["野"] = "field; plain; open space; limit; boundary; rude; wild", ["量"] = "capacity; quantity; amount; to estimate; to measure", ["釐"] = "centi-", ["金"] = "metal; gold; money", ["釓"] = "gadolinium", ["釔"] = "yttrium", ["釕"] = "ruthenium", ["釗"] = "encourage; to cut; to strain", ["釘"] = "nail", ["釙"] = "polonium", ["釜"] = "kettle; cauldron", ["針"] = "needle; pin; injection", ["釣"] = "to fish with a hook and bait", ["釤"] = "samarium", ["釦"] = "button", ["釧"] = "an armlet; bracelet", ["釩"] = "vanadium", ["釪"] = "an alms bowl; a small bell", ["釬"] = "to solder; weld by heat", ["釭"] = "hanging bowl for lamp or fish", ["釱"] = "fetters; to fetter", ["釵"] = "hairpin", ["釷"] = "thorium", ["釸"] = "silicon", ["釹"] = "neodymium", ["鈀"] = "palladium", ["鈁"] = "francium", ["鈃"] = "long-necked wine flask", ["鈄"] = "a wine flagon", ["鈆"] = "lead", ["鈇"] = "axe", ["鈉"] = "sodium", ["鈊"] = "cadolinium", ["鈌"] = "to pierce, to stab; to take", ["鈍"] = "blunt; stupid", ["鈐"] = "latch of door; seal", ["鈑"] = "metal plate; sheet of metal", ["鈒"] = "germanium", ["鈔"] = "money; paper money", ["鈕"] = "button", ["鈞"] = "30 catties or 15 kg; great; (honorific) your", ["鈣"] = "calcium", ["鈥"] = "holmium", ["鈦"] = "titanium", ["鈧"] = "scandium", ["鈮"] = "niobium", ["鈰"] = "cerium", ["鈳"] = "columbium", ["鈴"] = "(small) bell", ["鈷"] = "cobalt", ["鈸"] = "cymbals", ["鈹"] = "beryllium", ["鈺"] = "hard metals", ["鈽"] = "plutonium", ["鈾"] = "uranium", ["鈿"] = "gold inlaid work", ["鉀"] = "potassium", ["鉅"] = "great; hard iron", ["鉆"] = "treasure", ["鉈"] = "thallium", ["鉉"] = "stand for bronze tripod (archeol.); used in names, e.g. 盧武鉉 President Loh Roh Mu-hyun of South Korea", ["鉋"] = "a plane; to plane", ["鉌"] = "small bell", ["鉍"] = "bismuth", ["鉏"] = "hoe", ["鉑"] = "platinum", ["鉗"] = "pincers; pliers; tongs; claw (of animal); to grasp with pincers; to pinch; to clamp; to restrain; to restrict; to gag", ["鉚"] = "riveting", ["鉛"] = "lead (metal)", ["鉞"] = "battle-axe", ["鉤"] = "entice; hook", ["鉥"] = "acmite", ["鉦"] = "gong used to halt troops", ["鉬"] = "molybdenum", ["鉭"] = "tantalum", ["鉲"] = "cadmium", ["鉶"] = "cauldron for soup", ["鉸"] = "scissors; to cut (with scissors)", ["鉺"] = "erbium", ["鉻"] = "chromium", ["鉼"] = "plate", ["鉾"] = "spear", ["鉿"] = "hafnium", ["銀"] = "silver; money", ["銃"] = "a gun; a pistol", ["銅"] = "copper", ["銍"] = "sickle", ["銎"] = "eye of an axe", ["銑"] = "shining metal", ["銓"] = "estimate; select", ["銕"] = "iron; strong, solid, firm", ["銖"] = "twenty-fourth part of a tael", ["銘"] = "inscribed motto", ["銚"] = "weeding tool; pan with a long handle", ["銛"] = "fish-spear; sharp", ["銜"] = "hold in mouth; nominal office", ["銠"] = "rhodium", ["銣"] = "rubidium", ["銤"] = "americium", ["銥"] = "iridium", ["銦"] = "indium", ["銧"] = "point of a sword", ["銨"] = "ammonium", ["銩"] = "thulium", ["銪"] = "europium", ["銫"] = "caesium", ["銬"] = "shackles, manacle", ["銲"] = "to solder; weld by heat", ["銳"] = "acute", ["銶"] = "single-headed pick; stone chisel", ["銷"] = "to melt; to do away with; to sell", ["銻"] = "antimony", ["銼"] = "a file (tool for shaping metal); to file", ["鋁"] = "aluminium", ["鋂"] = "lock; metal dog collar", ["鋅"] = "zinc", ["鋆"] = "gold", ["鋇"] = "barium", ["鋈"] = "-plated; to plate", ["鋊"] = "a poker; brass filings; to file", ["鋌"] = "big arrow; walk fast; ingot", ["鋍"] = "beryllium", ["鋏"] = "pincers for use at a fire; sword", ["鋐"] = "utensil; implement", ["鋑"] = "to engrave or carve, as a block for printing", ["鋒"] = "point or edge of a tool", ["鋕"] = "engrave; to record", ["鋘"] = "to plaster; trowel", ["鋙"] = "hoe", ["鋝"] = "(ancient unit of weight)", ["鋟"] = "carve", ["鋤"] = "a hoe; to hoe or dig; to weed; get rid of", ["鋦"] = "curium; mend chinaware with staples", ["鋨"] = "osmium", ["鋩"] = "sharp point", ["鋪"] = "a bed; a store; to spread", ["鋮"] = "person's name", ["鋯"] = "zirconium", ["鋰"] = "lithium", ["鋱"] = "terbium", ["鋸"] = "a saw; to saw; to mend (china) with staples", ["鋹"] = "sharp; a keen edge; sharp point", ["鋼"] = "steel", ["錀"] = "(metal)", ["錁"] = "grease-pot for cart; ingot", ["錄"] = "to record; to hit; to copy", ["錆"] = "the colour of a mineral", ["錈"] = "to bend iron", ["錏"] = "ammonium", ["錐"] = "awl; to bore", ["錒"] = "actinium", ["錔"] = "encase the end with metal", ["錕"] = "steel sword", ["錘"] = "to hammer; weight of steel yard", ["錙"] = "ancient weight; one-fourth of a tael", ["錚"] = "clang of metals; small gong", ["錛"] = "adz; adze; [gen3]; blunt; tough; chewy", ["錞"] = "copper drum", ["錟"] = "long spear", ["錠"] = "ingot", ["錡"] = "cauldron; chisel", ["錢"] = "coin; money", ["錤"] = "hoe", ["錦"] = "brocade; embroidered work; bright", ["錨"] = "anchor", ["錩"] = "metal utensil; mounting; fitting", ["錫"] = "tin", ["錮"] = "obstinate disease; restrain; to stop", ["錯"] = "mistake; error; blunder; fault; cross; uneven; wrong", ["錳"] = "manganese", ["錶"] = "watch", ["錸"] = "rhenium", ["錼"] = "np", ["鍆"] = "mendelevium", ["鍇"] = "high quality iron", ["鍉"] = "spoon, key", ["鍊"] = "refine", ["鍋"] = "pot; pan; boiler", ["鍍"] = "-plated; to plate", ["鍏"] = "spade", ["鍐"] = "a headstall, ornament on a bride", ["鍔"] = "blade edge; sharp", ["鍘"] = "lever-knife", ["鍚"] = "ornaments on headstall of horse", ["鍛"] = "forge; wrought; to discipline", ["鍠"] = "sound of drums and bells; trident", ["鍥"] = "cut; to carve", ["鍩"] = "Nobelium", ["鍪"] = "iron pot; metal cap", ["鍬"] = "shovel; to dig", ["鍭"] = "metal arrowhead", ["鍰"] = "(ancient measure); money", ["鍱"] = "thin plates of metal", ["鍵"] = "(door lock) key", ["鍶"] = "strontium", ["鍹"] = "spade; hoe", ["鍺"] = "germanium", ["鍼"] = "needle", ["鍾"] = "(ancient measure); ''surname''", ["鎂"] = "magnesium", ["鎉"] = "thallium", ["鎊"] = "pound (unit of currency)", ["鎌"] = "scythe; sickle", ["鎍"] = "chain; wire", ["鎏"] = "bessemerizing of matte", ["鎒"] = "to hoe; to weed", ["鎓"] = "onium", ["鎔"] = "to smelt; fuse", ["鎖"] = "to lock up; to lock", ["鎗"] = "rifle; spear", ["鎘"] = "cadmium", ["鎚"] = "a hammer; to hammer", ["鎛"] = "large bell; hoe, spade", ["鎞"] = "ploughshare; barb, lancet", ["鎡"] = "hoe", ["鎢"] = "tungsten", ["鎤"] = "sound of a bell; small bell", ["鎦"] = "lutecium", ["鎧"] = "armour", ["鎩"] = "spear", ["鎪"] = "to engrave (metal of wood)", ["鎬"] = "bright; place name; stove; a pick", ["鎮"] = "composed; small town; to suppress; to press down; to post", ["鎰"] = "abrasion; gold-20 taels in weight", ["鎳"] = "nickel", ["鎵"] = "gallium", ["鏃"] = "arrowhead; sharp", ["鏇"] = "lathe; thread in screw", ["鏈"] = "chain; lead or tin ore", ["鏌"] = "sword", ["鏐"] = "pure gold", ["鏑"] = "dysprosium", ["鏖"] = "violent fighting", ["鏗"] = "jingling of metals; to strike", ["鏘"] = "tinkling of small bells", ["鏚"] = "battle-axe", ["鏜"] = "noise of drums", ["鏝"] = "side of coin without words; trowel", ["鏞"] = "large bell", ["鏟"] = "spade; shovel", ["鏡"] = "mirror; lens", ["鏢"] = "a throwing weapon; dart", ["鏤"] = "engrave; hard steel", ["鏦"] = "spear; to plunge (with spear)", ["鏨"] = "engrave", ["鏵"] = "ploughshare; spade", ["鏷"] = "protactinium", ["鏹"] = "money; string of coins; sulfuric acid", ["鏻"] = "phosphonium", ["鏽"] = "rust", ["鏾"] = "the trigger of a crossbow; crossbow", ["鐃"] = "big cymbals", ["鐇"] = "vanadium", ["鐏"] = "butt end of spear", ["鐒"] = "lawrencium", ["鐓"] = "upsetting (forged pieces)", ["鐔"] = "knob on a sword-handle", ["鐘"] = "clock; time as measured in hours and minutes; bell", ["鐙"] = "stirrup", ["鐠"] = "praseodymium", ["鐨"] = "Fermium; fermium", ["鐩"] = "speculum", ["鐫"] = "degrade; engrave (wood or stone)", ["鐮"] = "scythe; sickle", ["鐲"] = "bracelet", ["鐳"] = "radium", ["鐵"] = "iron", ["鐶"] = "(ancient weight); metal ring", ["鐸"] = "large ancient bell", ["鐺"] = "clank; clang; sound of metal; frying pan; griddle", ["鐻"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["鐿"] = "ytterbium", ["鑀"] = "ionium", ["鑄"] = "cast metals; to coin (money)", ["鑊"] = "boiler or cauldron", ["鑌"] = "fine steel", ["鑐"] = "bolt of a Chinese lock", ["鑑"] = "example; mirror; to view", ["鑒"] = "example; mirror; to view; reflection; to reflect; to inspect; to warn; (ancient bronze mirror)", ["鑕"] = "(executioner's) block", ["鑞"] = "solder", ["鑠"] = "bright; melt; fuse (metal)", ["鑢"] = "polishing tool", ["鑣"] = "darts; escort; horse bit", ["鑤"] = "a plane; to plane", ["鑥"] = "lutetium", ["鑪"] = "stove", ["鑫"] = "(used in names)", ["鑭"] = "lanthanum", ["鑯"] = "awl; sharp iron point", ["鑰"] = "key", ["鑱"] = "sharp instrument for digging", ["鑲"] = "to inlay; to embed; ridge; border", ["鑴"] = "to engrave or carve, as a block for printing", ["鑵"] = "a can; a jar", ["鑷"] = "forceps; to nip", ["鑼"] = "gong", ["鑽"] = "an auger; diamond; enter (a hole); probe", ["鑾"] = "imperial", ["鑿"] = "chisel", ["钁"] = "a mattock; a billhook", ["钃"] = "metal", ["镅"] = "Americium", ["镎"] = "Neptunium", ["長"] = "long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop", ["門"] = "opening; door; gate; doorway; gateway; valve; switch; way to do something; knack; family; house; (religious) sect; school (of thought); class; category; (taxonomy) phylum or division", ["閂"] = "to bolt", ["閃"] = "flash; lightning", ["閆"] = "''surname''", ["閈"] = "gate of village; village", ["閉"] = "to close; stop up; shut; obstruct", ["開"] = "open; operate (vehicle); start", ["閌"] = "in 閌閬, open space in a structure", ["閎"] = "''surname''; big; gate", ["閏"] = "intercalary", ["閑"] = "to stay idle; to be unoccupied; not busy; leisure; enclosure", ["閒"] = "idle; interstice; separate", ["間"] = "interstice; separate; between; among; space; (measure word)", ["閔"] = "''surname''; feel compassion for", ["閘"] = "gear; watergate", ["閟"] = "hidden; hide", ["閡"] = "obstruct", ["閣"] = "council-chamber; shelf", ["閤"] = "council-chamber; shelf; side door", ["閥"] = "clique; valve", ["閨"] = "small arched door; women's apartment; women", ["閩"] = "Fujian Province (abbrev.); Min", ["閫"] = "door to women's room; threshold", ["閬"] = "閬中 place in Sichuan; 閬苑 palace, home of immortals; in 閌閬, open space in a structure", ["閭"] = "gate of a village; village", ["閱"] = "peruse; review; to read", ["閶"] = "gate of heaven; gate of palace", ["閹"] = "castrate", ["閺"] = "look down", ["閻"] = "gate of village", ["閼"] = "first wives of xiong-nu chiefs; shut; stop", ["閽"] = "door-keeper", ["閾"] = "threshold", ["閿"] = "wen xiang, Henan province", ["闃"] = "live alone; quiet", ["闇"] = "to shut the door; unilluminated", ["闈"] = "door to women's room; gate to palace", ["闉"] = "''surname''; inner gates", ["闊"] = "rich; wide; broad", ["闋"] = "section of a song; shut", ["闌"] = "door-screen; exhausted; late", ["闍"] = "used in Buddhist transliteration; tower over a city gate", ["闐"] = "fill up; rumbling sound", ["闑"] = "vertical divider of a door way", ["闒"] = "door or window in an upper story", ["闓"] = "loosen; open", ["闔"] = "entire (family)", ["闕"] = "imperial city; deficiency", ["闖"] = "to rush; break through", ["闚"] = "peep; pry into", ["關"] = "to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass", ["闞"] = "peep", ["闟"] = "peacefully; quietly", ["闠"] = "gate of market", ["闡"] = "to express; disclose; enlighten; open", ["闢"] = "dispel; open up; refute", ["闤"] = "wall around a market place", ["闥"] = "door of an inner room", ["阜"] = "abundant; mound", ["阞"] = "layer; vein", ["阡"] = "road leading north and south", ["阤"] = "bank; hillside", ["阨"] = "defile; pass; in distress", ["阪"] = "a slope; hillside", ["阬"] = "pit; to defraud", ["阮"] = "''surname''; a Chinese plucked stringed instrument", ["阯"] = "foundation", ["阱"] = "hole; pitfall", ["防"] = "to protect; to defend; to guard (against)", ["阹"] = "a pen; to surround", ["阻"] = "to hinder; to block; to obstruct", ["阼"] = "steps leading to the eastern door", ["阽"] = "dangerous", ["阿"] = "''phonetic''; (final part.); (interj.); flatter; an initial particle; prefix to names of people", ["陀"] = "''phonetic''; declivity; steep bank", ["陂"] = "rugged; uneven; reservoir", ["附"] = "to add; to attach; to be close to; to be attached", ["陋"] = "low; humble; plain; ugly; mean; vulgar", ["陌"] = "raised path; street", ["降"] = "to drop; to fall; to come down; to descend; to surrender", ["限"] = "limit; bound", ["陑"] = "place name", ["陔"] = "step; terrace", ["陘"] = "border the stove; defile; pass", ["陛"] = "the steps to the throne", ["陜"] = "Shaanxi", ["陝"] = "Shaanxi", ["陞"] = "promoted", ["陟"] = "advance; ascend", ["陡"] = "steep", ["院"] = "courtyard; institution", ["陣"] = "disposition of troops; short period; wave; spate; burst; spell", ["除"] = "remove; do away with; wipe out; divide; except", ["陪"] = "to accompany; to keep someone company", ["陬"] = "corner; foot of mountain", ["陰"] = "(of weather) overcast; Yin; feminine; moon; cloudy; negative (electric.); shady", ["陲"] = "frontier", ["陳"] = "arrange; exhibit; narrate; tell; old; stale; state; display; explain; ''surname''", ["陴"] = "parapet", ["陵"] = "mound; tomb; hill; mountain", ["陶"] = "pleased; pottery", ["陷"] = "to fall; trap", ["陸"] = "shore; land; continent; six (fraud-proof)", ["陼"] = "islet; bank", ["陽"] = "positive (electric.); sun; male", ["陾"] = "sound of stonemason's shovel", ["隃"] = "exceed; jump over", ["隄"] = "dike", ["隅"] = "corner", ["隆"] = "grand; intense; prosperous; start (a fire); sound of drums", ["隈"] = "bay; cove", ["隉"] = "dangerous", ["隊"] = "squadron; team; group", ["隋"] = "name of a dynasty", ["隍"] = "dry moat; god of city", ["階"] = "rank or step; stairs", ["隒"] = "the appearance of a mountain, as if two pots were standing one upon the other; the steep bank of a stream a rough mountain path", ["隔"] = "to separate; to stand or lie between; to divide; to cut off", ["隕"] = "fall; meteor; perish", ["隗"] = "''surname''; eminent; lofty", ["隘"] = "a pass or defile; narrow; confined; in distress", ["隙"] = "crack; occasion for dislike", ["際"] = "border; edge; boundary; between; among; interval; while", ["障"] = "to block; to hinder; to obstruct", ["隤"] = "fall in ruins; soft", ["隧"] = "subterranean; underground passage", ["隨"] = "to follow; to comply with; to allow; ''surname''", ["隩"] = "bay; cove", ["險"] = "danger(ous); rugged", ["隮"] = "go up; rainbow", ["隰"] = "''surname''; low; marshy land", ["隱"] = "secret; hidden; concealed", ["隳"] = "to destroy", ["隴"] = "Gansu", ["隸"] = "attached to; scribe", ["隹"] = "short-tailed bird", ["隻"] = "(a measure word, for birds and some animals, for one of a pair); single", ["雀"] = "bird; lentigo; sparrow", ["雁"] = "wild goose", ["雂"] = "(bird)", ["雄"] = "heroic; male", ["雅"] = "elegant", ["集"] = "to gather; to collect; collected works", ["雇"] = "hire", ["雉"] = "ringed pheasant", ["雊"] = "crowing of pheasant", ["雋"] = "smart; eminent; talented", ["雌"] = "female", ["雍"] = "''surname''; harmonious", ["雎"] = "(fish hawk); osprey", ["雒"] = "black horse with white mane; fearful", ["雕"] = "engrave; shrewd", ["雖"] = "although; even though", ["雗"] = "a white pheasant", ["雘"] = "red earth used for paints", ["雙"] = "two; double; pair; both", ["雚"] = "a heron; small cup", ["雛"] = "chick; young bird", ["雜"] = "mixed; miscellaneous; various; to mix", ["雝"] = "harmonious", ["雞"] = "fowl; chicken", ["雟"] = "sparrow; revolve; place name", ["離"] = "to leave; to depart; to go away; from", ["難"] = "disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good", ["雨"] = "rain", ["雩"] = "summer sacrifice for rain", ["雪"] = "snow", ["雯"] = "multicoloured clouds", ["雰"] = "misty; foggy", ["雱"] = "heavy fall of rain or snow", ["雲"] = "cloud; Yunnan (abbrev.); ''surname''", ["零"] = "remnant; zero; to fall", ["雷"] = "thunder", ["雹"] = "hail", ["電"] = "electric; electricity; electrical", ["需"] = "to require; to need; to want; necessity; need", ["霂"] = "drizzle; fine rain", ["霄"] = "firmament; heaven", ["霅"] = "''surname''; rain", ["霆"] = "clap of thunder", ["震"] = "shake; shock; sign in trigram", ["霈"] = "torrent of rain", ["霉"] = "bacteria; fungi; mouldy", ["霍"] = "quickly", ["霎"] = "all of a sudden; drizzle", ["霏"] = "fall of snow", ["霑"] = "moisten", ["霓"] = "secondary rainbow", ["霖"] = "continued rain", ["霙"] = "sleet; snowflakes", ["霜"] = "frost", ["霝"] = "drops of rain; to fall in drops", ["霞"] = "red clouds", ["霢"] = "drizzling rain; showered with favours", ["霣"] = "rain storm; to fall", ["霤"] = "dripping of rain from eaves", ["霧"] = "fog; mist", ["霨"] = "rising of clouds", ["霪"] = "heavy rain", ["霫"] = "Sui-Tang (premodern ethnic group)", ["霮"] = "denseness of clouds", ["霰"] = "sleet", ["露"] = "to show; to reveal; to expose; dew", ["霸"] = "feudal chief; rule by force; tyrant; lord; master; hegemon; usurp", ["霹"] = "of thunder, to strike", ["霽"] = "sky clearing up", ["霾"] = "dust-storm", ["靄"] = "cloudy sky; friendly", ["靈"] = "alert; departed soul; efficacious; quick; effective; intelligence", ["靉"] = "cloudy; shady", ["青"] = "green (blue, black); Qinghai province (abbrev.)", ["靖"] = "pacify; quiet", ["靚"] = "make up (face)", ["靛"] = "indigo pigment", ["靜"] = "still; calm; quiet; not moving", ["非"] = "(be) not; wrong; blame; Africa", ["靠"] = "depend upon; lean on; near; by; against; to support", ["靡"] = "extravagant; go with fashion; not; wasted", ["面"] = "face; side; surface; aspect; top", ["靦"] = "bashful", ["靨"] = "dimple", ["革"] = "leather; remove", ["靪"] = "to cobble, to patch", ["靮"] = "reins; bridle", ["靰"] = "leg warmer", ["靳"] = "''surname''; martingale; stingy", ["靴"] = "boots", ["靶"] = "target; mark", ["靷"] = "traces (of a carriage)", ["靸"] = "labourers; shoes; slippers", ["靺"] = "name of a tribe; socks; stockings", ["靼"] = "''phonetic''; dressed leather", ["靿"] = "the leg of a boot", ["鞀"] = "hand drum used by peddlers", ["鞃"] = "a leaning board on carriage", ["鞄"] = "to work hides; leather bag", ["鞅"] = "martingale", ["鞋"] = "shoe", ["鞍"] = "saddle", ["鞏"] = "secure; solid", ["鞗"] = "reins of leather", ["鞘"] = "scabbard; sheath", ["鞙"] = "fine", ["鞚"] = "bridle; reins", ["鞝"] = "patch of leather", ["鞞"] = "scabbard", ["鞠"] = "to bring up; to rear; ''surname''", ["鞡"] = "leg warmer", ["鞣"] = "suede; chamois; tannin; to tan", ["鞨"] = "buskin; name of a tribe; turban", ["鞬"] = "a quiver on a horse; a store", ["鞭"] = "a whip or lash; to flog; slash or whip", ["鞮"] = "''surname''; leather shoes", ["鞶"] = "large belt", ["鞹"] = "leather", ["韁"] = "bridle; reins", ["韃"] = "Tartar; a tribe in China", ["韅"] = "leather girth on horse", ["韉"] = "saddle blanket", ["韋"] = "''surname''; soft leather", ["韌"] = "annealed; pliable but strong; tough; tenacious", ["韍"] = "knee pad", ["韎"] = "a grass that gives red dye", ["韓"] = "(South) Korea; ''surname''", ["韔"] = "bow bag", ["韖"] = "tan, soften", ["韘"] = "archer's thumb ring", ["韙"] = "correct; right", ["韜"] = "bow case; to cover", ["韝"] = "archer's arm guard", ["韞"] = "contain", ["韡"] = "gorgeous", ["韣"] = "bow case", ["韭"] = "leek", ["韱"] = "wild onions or leeks", ["音"] = "sound; noise; news", ["韶"] = "(music); excellent; harmonious", ["韹"] = "music of bell and drum", ["韺"] = "music of legendary emperor Gu", ["韻"] = "rhyme", ["響"] = "to make a sound; to sound; to ring; (a measure word for sound); loud", ["頀"] = "music", ["頁"] = "page; leaf", ["頂"] = "go against; most; peak; top; to replace; to substitute; a measure word (use with \"hat\")", ["頃"] = "100 mu; a short while ago; a 'ching' (unit of area); approx. (with dates); a short while", ["頄"] = "cheekbone", ["項"] = "back of neck; item; thing", ["順"] = "to obey; to follow; to arrange; to make reasonable; along; favourable", ["須"] = "necessary; must; need", ["頊"] = "grieved; anxious", ["頌"] = "to praise", ["頍"] = "raise one's head", ["頎"] = "tall", ["頏"] = "fly down", ["預"] = "to advance; in advance; beforehand; to prepare", ["頑"] = "mischievous; obstinate; to play; stupid; stubborn; naughty", ["頒"] = "promulgate; send out; issue; to grant or confer", ["頓"] = "a time; jerk; stop; meal; bout; spell; (measure for beating)", ["頖"] = "disperse", ["頗"] = "quite; rather; uneven; sloping", ["領"] = "neck; collar; to lead; to receive", ["頜"] = "maxilla and mandible", ["頞"] = "junction of nose and forehead", ["頠"] = "easeful carriage of one's head", ["頡"] = "''surname''; fly upwards; neck", ["頤"] = "cheeks; nourish", ["頦"] = "chin", ["頫"] = "look down; stoop", ["頭"] = "head; (''noun suffix'')", ["頯"] = "cheekbone; protrude", ["頰"] = "cheeks", ["頲"] = "narrow forehead", ["頷"] = "chin; nod assent", ["頸"] = "neck", ["頹"] = "become bald; decadent", ["頻"] = "frequency; frequently; repetitious", ["顆"] = "(measure word for small spheres)", ["題"] = "topic; subject; to inscribe; to superscribe", ["額"] = "volume; amount; quantity; forehead; quota", ["顎"] = "jaw; palate", ["顏"] = "colour; countenance; face", ["顑"] = "yellow", ["顒"] = "great; just; stern", ["顓"] = "''surname''; good; simple", ["顗"] = "pleasing; respectful manner", ["願"] = "hope; wish; desire; ready; willing", ["顙"] = "forehead; kowtow", ["顛"] = "inverted; jolt; top", ["顜"] = "honest; upright", ["類"] = "kind; type; class; category; similar; like; to resemble", ["顣"] = "frown", ["顥"] = "bright; white", ["顧"] = "look after; take into consideration; to attend to", ["顫"] = "to tremble; to shiver; to shake; to vibrate", ["顯"] = "prominent; conspicuous; to show", ["顰"] = "knit the brows", ["顱"] = "forehead; skull", ["顳"] = "temporal bones", ["顴"] = "cheek bones", ["風"] = "wind; news; style; custom; manner", ["颭"] = "sway", ["颮"] = "whirlwind", ["颯"] = "declining; sound of wind", ["颱"] = "typhoon", ["颳"] = "blow (of the wind)", ["颶"] = "hurricane", ["颸"] = "cool breeze of autumn", ["颺"] = "soar; tossed by wind or wave", ["颻"] = "floating in the air", ["颼"] = "blow (as of wind); sound of wind", ["颽"] = "balmy; genial as wind", ["颾"] = "blowing of the wind", ["颿"] = "sail", ["飀"] = "soughing of wind", ["飂"] = "wind in high places", ["飄"] = "to float", ["飆"] = "whirlwind", ["飌"] = "wind", ["飛"] = "to fly", ["食"] = "eat; food; to feed; animal feed", ["飢"] = "hungry", ["飣"] = "display food for show only; sacrifice", ["飥"] = "food made of dough", ["飧"] = "supper", ["飪"] = "cooked food; cook until well done", ["飫"] = "full (as of eating)", ["飭"] = "keep in order; stern; to order; direct", ["飯"] = "food; cuisine; cooked rice; meal", ["飲"] = "drink", ["飴"] = "syrup", ["飶"] = "fragrance of food", ["飼"] = "to raise; to rear; to feed", ["飽"] = "to eat till full; satisfied", ["飾"] = "adorn; ornaments", ["餀"] = "tainted food", ["餂"] = "lick; lap", ["餃"] = "dumplings with meat filling", ["餅"] = "round flat cake; cookie; cake; pastry", ["餇"] = "food", ["餈"] = "fried rice cake", ["餉"] = "soldier's pay", ["養"] = "give birth; keep (pets); to support; to bring someone up; to raise (pig, etc.)", ["餌"] = "bait", ["餐"] = "eat; meal", ["餑"] = "cake; biscuit", ["餒"] = "hungry", ["餓"] = "to be hungry; hungry", ["餔"] = "evening meal", ["餕"] = "remains of a sacrifice or a meal", ["餖"] = "set out food", ["餗"] = "pot of cooked rice", ["餘"] = "remainder", ["餚"] = "meat dishes", ["餞"] = "farewell dinner; preserves", ["餟"] = "circle shrines and make sacrifices", ["餡"] = "stuffing; forcemeat", ["餤"] = "to advance", ["餧"] = "steamed bread; to feed", ["館"] = "house; establishment", ["餩"] = "hiccup", ["餪"] = "send a present of a feast", ["餫"] = "Chinese ravioli", ["餬"] = "congee; making a living", ["餮"] = "gluttonous", ["餱"] = "dry provisions", ["餲"] = "spoiled, sour, mouldy", ["餳"] = "malt-sugar; molasses", ["餵"] = "to feed", ["餼"] = "grain ration; sacrificial victim", ["餽"] = "make a present", ["餾"] = "reheat by steaming", ["餿"] = "rancid; soured (as food)", ["饁"] = "carry food to labourers in the field", ["饃"] = "mantou", ["饇"] = "to eat too much; to confer", ["饈"] = "delicacies", ["饉"] = "time of famine or crop failure", ["饋"] = "food; make a present", ["饌"] = "food; delicacies", ["饎"] = "food; to cook", ["饐"] = "rancid", ["饑"] = "hungry", ["饒"] = "to spare", ["饔"] = "dressed food; first meal of the day", ["饕"] = "gluttonous", ["饗"] = "offer or enjoy sacrifice", ["饘"] = "thick congee", ["饜"] = "eat to the full", ["饞"] = "gluttonous; greedy", ["饟"] = "soldier's pay", ["馕"] = "naan", ["首"] = "head; chief; first (occasion); first (thing); measure word for poems", ["馗"] = "cheekbone; crossroads; high", ["馘"] = "cut off the left ear of the slain", ["香"] = "fragrant; incense; (of food) savoury; appetizing; sweet; scented; popular", ["馝"] = "fragrance", ["馡"] = "fragrant", ["馣"] = "fragrant odour", ["馥"] = "fragrance, scent, aroma", ["馨"] = "fragrant", ["馬"] = "horse; ''surname''", ["馭"] = "manage; to drive", ["馮"] = "Feng (Chinese surname)", ["馱"] = "carry on back", ["馳"] = "run fast; speed; spread; gallop", ["馴"] = "attain gradually; tame", ["馵"] = "(horse)", ["馹"] = "horse for relaying dispatches", ["駁"] = "argue; particoloured; tranship; dispute; contradict; refute", ["駃"] = "fast (horse)", ["駉"] = "in good condition (as a horse)", ["駋"] = "(horse)", ["駐"] = "resident in; stationed in; located at; to station (troops)", ["駑"] = "worn out old horses", ["駒"] = "colt", ["駓"] = "(horse)", ["駔"] = "powerful horse", ["駕"] = "to drive; to draw; to harness; to mount", ["駗"] = "chatter mark", ["駘"] = "tired; worn out horse", ["駙"] = "prince consort", ["駛"] = "hasten; proceed to; sail a vessel", ["駜"] = "strong horse", ["駝"] = "camel; humpback", ["駟"] = "team of 4 horses", ["駢"] = "two adjacent horses; side by side; parallel; antithetical", ["駪"] = "large crowd", ["駬"] = "(horse)", ["駭"] = "astonish; startle", ["駮"] = "argue; particoloured; tranship", ["駰"] = "iron-grey (as a horse)", ["駱"] = "camel", ["駴"] = "thunderous beating of drums", ["駸"] = "fleet horse", ["駹"] = "black horse with a white face", ["駽"] = "grey", ["駾"] = "approach at swift gallop (on horses)", ["駿"] = "spirited horse", ["騁"] = "hasten; run; open up; gallop", ["騂"] = "bay horse", ["騃"] = "stupid; foolish", ["騄"] = "(horse)", ["騅"] = "''surname''; piebald", ["騆"] = "divine horse", ["騉"] = "fine horse", ["騋"] = "mare", ["騍"] = "mother horse", ["騎"] = "to ride (an animal or bike); to sit astride", ["騏"] = "piebald horse", ["騑"] = "horse with yellow back", ["騕"] = "name of a fabulous horse", ["騖"] = "fast; greedy; run rapidly", ["騙"] = "to cheat; to swindle; to deceive; to fool", ["騢"] = "(horse)", ["騣"] = "bristles; horse's mane", ["騤"] = "powerful; strong", ["騧"] = "piebald horse", ["騫"] = "defective; raise", ["騭"] = "determine; promote; stallion", ["騮"] = "bay horse with black mane", ["騰"] = "to soar; to gallop; to rise; to prance; to hover; to move out", ["騵"] = "chestnut horse with white belly", ["騶"] = "go; mythical animal", ["騷"] = "to bother; to annoy; to have sex appeal", ["騸"] = "to geld", ["騺"] = "heavy horse; horse unable to move because of twisted leg; plodding", ["騾"] = "mule", ["驀"] = "leap on or over; suddenly", ["驁"] = "a noble steed; untamed", ["驂"] = "outside horses of a team of 4", ["驃"] = "white horse", ["驄"] = "buckskin horse", ["驅"] = "to expel; to urge on; to drive; to run quickly", ["驆"] = "used in transliterating Buddhist books", ["驈"] = "black horse with white legs", ["驊"] = "chestnut horse", ["驌"] = "(horse)", ["驍"] = "brave; good horse; strong", ["驏"] = "horse without saddle", ["驒"] = "(horse)", ["驔"] = "black horse", ["驕"] = "proud; arrogant", ["驖"] = "dark brown horse", ["驗"] = "to examine; to test; to check", ["驙"] = "(horse)", ["驚"] = "to startle; to be frightened; to be scared; alarm", ["驛"] = "remount stations", ["驟"] = "sudden; suddenly", ["驢"] = "donkey", ["驤"] = "prance (as a horse)", ["驥"] = "thoroughbred horse; refined and virtuous", ["驦"] = "good horse", ["驩"] = "docile horse", ["驪"] = "black horse; good horse", ["驫"] = "a horde of horses", ["骨"] = "bone", ["骫"] = "be bent; crooked (of bones)", ["骭"] = "shinbone", ["骰"] = "cuboid bone; dice", ["骱"] = "joint of bones", ["骴"] = "a putrid carcass", ["骷"] = "skeleton", ["骸"] = "bones of the body", ["骼"] = "skeleton", ["骾"] = "blunt; fish bones; unyielding", ["髀"] = "thigh; thigh bone", ["髁"] = "condyles", ["髆"] = "shoulder blade", ["髏"] = "skull", ["髑"] = "skull", ["髒"] = "dirty; filthy", ["髓"] = "marrow", ["體"] = "body; form; style; system", ["髕"] = "kneecap", ["髖"] = "pelvis; pelvic", ["高"] = "high; tall", ["髟"] = "hair; shaggy", ["髡"] = "make the head bald", ["髣"] = "seemingly", ["髦"] = "bang (hair); fashionable; mane", ["髧"] = "long hair", ["髫"] = "tufts of hair on children", ["髭"] = "moustache", ["髮"] = "hair", ["髯"] = "beard; whiskers", ["髲"] = "a wig", ["髳"] = "bang (hair); fashionable; mane", ["髹"] = "red lacquer; to lacquer", ["髺"] = "dishevelled hair, as in mourning", ["髻"] = "hair rolled up in a bun, topknot", ["髽"] = "dress the hair", ["髾"] = "tail of a comet; long hair", ["鬁"] = "bald; scabby", ["鬃"] = "bristles; horse's mane", ["鬅"] = "dishevelled", ["鬆"] = "loose", ["鬈"] = "to curl; curled", ["鬋"] = "to hang down (hair)", ["鬍"] = "beard; moustache", ["鬎"] = "bald; scabby", ["鬐"] = "dorsal fins; horse's mane", ["鬑"] = "hanging temple hair", ["鬒"] = "bushy black hair", ["鬖"] = "wild hair", ["鬗"] = "head ornaments; pretty hair", ["鬘"] = "beautiful hair", ["鬙"] = "short hair; unkempt", ["鬚"] = "beard; moustache", ["鬟"] = "a knot of hair on top of head", ["鬠"] = "to make a top knot", ["鬢"] = "temples; hair on the temples", ["鬣"] = "bristles; mane", ["鬥"] = "fight; contend; incite; meet; encounter", ["鬧"] = "make noise or disturbance", ["鬨"] = "have a hilarious time; riot", ["鬩"] = "feud, fight, quarrel", ["鬮"] = "(draw) lots; lot (in a game of chance)", ["鬯"] = "sacrificial spirit", ["鬱"] = "dense (growth); melancholy", ["鬲"] = "''surname''; earthen pot; iron cauldron", ["鬵"] = "big iron pot, cauldron", ["鬷"] = "kettle on legs", ["鬻"] = "vend", ["鬼"] = "ghost; sly; crafty", ["魁"] = "chief; head", ["魂"] = "soul", ["魃"] = "drought demon", ["魄"] = "soul", ["魅"] = "demon; magic; to charm", ["魆"] = "beguile; suddenly", ["魈"] = "elf", ["魊"] = "ghost of a child", ["魋"] = "Japanese brown bear", ["魏"] = "''surname''; name of a dynasty", ["魑"] = "mountain elf", ["魔"] = "devil", ["魘"] = "nightmare", ["魚"] = "fish", ["魛"] = "the mullet", ["魟"] = "ray (fish)", ["魦"] = "shark family, including some rays and skates", ["魨"] = "leatherfish", ["魬"] = "sole or flounder", ["魯"] = "crass; place name", ["魴"] = "bream; {{taxlink|Zeus japonicus|species}}", ["魵"] = "shrimp", ["魷"] = "cuttlefish", ["鮀"] = "(fish)", ["鮆"] = "(fish)", ["鮐"] = "globefish", ["鮑"] = "abalone", ["鮒"] = "silver carp", ["鮓"] = "preserved fish", ["鮚"] = "oyster", ["鮞"] = "caviar; fish roe", ["鮠"] = "a kind of shad with a head like a sturgeon", ["鮦"] = "snakefish", ["鮨"] = "{{taxlink|Epinephelus septemfasciatus|species}}", ["鮪"] = "little tuna; {{taxlink|Euthynnus alletteratus|species}}", ["鮫"] = "shark", ["鮭"] = "blowfish; salmon", ["鮮"] = "few; rare; fresh", ["鮶"] = "{{taxlink|Sebastodes guntheri|species}}", ["鮸"] = "{{taxlink|Miichthys miiuy|species}}", ["鮿"] = "(fresh-water fish)", ["鯀"] = "[[w:Gun (Chinese mythology)|Gun]], father of Yu the Great", ["鯁"] = "blunt; fish bones; unyielding", ["鯄"] = "{{taxlink|Lepidotrigla microptera|species}}", ["鯆"] = "the skate or ray", ["鯇"] = "carp", ["鯈"] = "{{taxlink|Leuciscus macropus|species}}", ["鯉"] = "carp", ["鯊"] = "shark", ["鯔"] = "{{vern|flathead grey mullet}}", ["鯕"] = "[[bream]]; {{vern|white common carp}}; {{vern|redlip croaker}}", ["鯖"] = "mackerel; mullet", ["鯗"] = "wine-preserved pomfret", ["鯙"] = "[[moray eel]]", ["鯛"] = "{{taxlink|Pagrus major|species}}", ["鯠"] = "to confer; to bestow on an inferior; to reward", ["鯡"] = "herring", ["鯢"] = "''[[Cryptobranchus japonicus]]''; [[salamander]]", ["鯤"] = "sea-monster; young of fishes", ["鯥"] = "{{taxlink|Pomatomus saltatrix|species}}; bluefish", ["鯧"] = "a type of fish", ["鯨"] = "whale", ["鯪"] = "pangolin; {{taxlink|Manis pentadactylata|species}}", ["鯫"] = "''surname''; minnows; small fish", ["鯰"] = "sheat", ["鯸"] = "blowfish", ["鯽"] = "bastard carp; sand perch", ["鰆"] = "{{taxlink|Scomberomorus sinensis|species}}", ["鰈"] = "flatfish; flounder; sole", ["鰉"] = "sturgeon", ["鰋"] = "mudfish", ["鰍"] = "loach", ["鰒"] = "{{taxlink|Haliotis gigantea|species}}; {{vern|sea ear}}", ["鰓"] = "gills of fish", ["鰜"] = "a flounder; flatfish", ["鰣"] = "shad; {{taxlink|Ilisha elongata|species}}", ["鰤"] = "{{taxlink|Seriola qinqueradiata|species}}; yellow tail", ["鰥"] = "widower", ["鰩"] = "ray (fish)", ["鰭"] = "fins; supporting surfaces", ["鰱"] = "''[[Hypophthalmichthys molitrix]]''", ["鰲"] = "sea turtle", ["鰳"] = "(shad); spermary of fish", ["鰶"] = "''[[Konosirus punctatus]]''", ["鰷"] = "Chub ''[[Leucichthys]]''", ["鰹"] = "bonito", ["鰻"] = "eel; {{taxlink|Anguilla rostrata|species}}", ["鰼"] = "loach; mudfish", ["鰽"] = "herring", ["鰾"] = "air bladder of fish", ["鱄"] = "(fish); ''surname''", ["鱆"] = "poulpe", ["鱈"] = "codfish; {{taxlink|Gadus macrocephalus|species}}", ["鱉"] = "turtle", ["鱎"] = "(fish)", ["鱐"] = "dried fish", ["鱒"] = "barbel", ["鱔"] = "{{vern|Chinese yellow eel}}", ["鱖"] = "{{taxlink|Helicolenus|genus}}", ["鱗"] = "scales (of fish)", ["鱘"] = "''[[Acipenser]]'' spp.; sturgeon", ["鱟"] = "horseshoe crab", ["鱠"] = "chopped meat or fish", ["鱣"] = "{{taxlink|Acipenser micadoi|species}}; sturgeon", ["鱧"] = "snakefish", ["鱨"] = "(fish)", ["鱭"] = "{{taxlink|Coilia nasus|species}}", ["鱮"] = "{{taxlink|Hypophthalmichthys moritrix|species}}", ["鱵"] = "{{taxlink|Hyporhampus sajuri|species}}", ["鱷"] = "crocodile; alligator", ["鱸"] = "common perch", ["鳥"] = "bird", ["鳦"] = "a swallow (bird)", ["鳧"] = "wild duck; to swim", ["鳩"] = "turtle-dove; {{taxlink|Turtur orientalis|species}}", ["鳳"] = "male fenghuang", ["鳴"] = "to cry (of birds)", ["鳶"] = "kite", ["鳷"] = "{{taxlink|Garrulus lidthi|species}}", ["鳻"] = "the wild pigeon", ["鴃"] = "shrike", ["鴄"] = "wild duck", ["鴆"] = "[[w:zhenniao|a mythical bird]]; poisonous; to poison", ["鴇"] = "Chinese bustard; procuress", ["鴈"] = "wild goose", ["鴉"] = "crow", ["鴒"] = "wagtail; lark", ["鴕"] = "ostrich", ["鴗"] = "{{taxlink|Alcedo bengalensis|species}}", ["鴝"] = "(mynah)", ["鴞"] = "[[Ural owl]]", ["鴟"] = "[[scops owl]]", ["鴠"] = "a kind of nightingale", ["鴢"] = "(duck)", ["鴥"] = "to swoop, fly swiftly", ["鴨"] = "duck", ["鴳"] = "quail", ["鴷"] = "woodpecker", ["鴻"] = "{{vern|eastern bean goose}}; great; large", ["鴽"] = "quail-like bird", ["鴿"] = "pigeon; dove", ["鵀"] = "hoopoe", ["鵁"] = "{{taxlink|Mycticorax prasinosceles|species}}", ["鵂"] = "owl", ["鵑"] = "cuckoo", ["鵓"] = "woodpidgeon", ["鵙"] = "a shrike", ["鵝"] = "goose", ["鵠"] = "swan; white-haired", ["鵩"] = "owl", ["鵪"] = "quail", ["鵫"] = "pheasant", ["鵬"] = "peng (large mythical bird)", ["鵯"] = "bird", ["鵰"] = "golden eagle", ["鵲"] = "magpie", ["鵵"] = "{{taxlink|Scops semitorques|species}}", ["鵷"] = "firebird", ["鵻"] = "snipe; turtle-dove", ["鶂"] = "hawk", ["鶇"] = "thrush; {{taxlink|Tardus fuscatus|species}}", ["鶉"] = "quail", ["鶊"] = "oriole", ["鶖"] = "crane", ["鶚"] = "fish eagle; fish hawk; osprey", ["鶡"] = "crossbill; long-tailed pheasant", ["鶦"] = "pelican", ["鶩"] = "tame duck", ["鶬"] = "oriole", ["鶯"] = "oriole", ["鶱"] = "soar", ["鶲"] = "Siberian flycatcher", ["鶴"] = "crane", ["鶵"] = "chick; young bird", ["鶸"] = "siskin", ["鶻"] = "falcon; migratory bird", ["鶼"] = "mythical bird with one eye and one wing", ["鶿"] = "cormorant", ["鷁"] = "fishhawk bow or prow", ["鷂"] = "sparrow hawk; ''[[Accipiter nisus]]''", ["鷃"] = "quail-like bird", ["鷇"] = "fledglings", ["鷊"] = "pheasant", ["鷏"] = "bird name", ["鷕"] = "cry of hen pheasant", ["鷖"] = "widgeon", ["鷗"] = "common gull", ["鷙"] = "birds of prey", ["鷟"] = "phoenix; river gull", ["鷦"] = "eastern wren", ["鷩"] = "{{taxlink|Phasianus pictus|species}}", ["鷭"] = "water-hen; ''[[Gallinula]]''", ["鷲"] = "black eagle; condor; cruel", ["鷳"] = "{{taxlink|Phasianus nycthemerus|species}}", ["鷴"] = "silver pheasant badge worn by civil officials of the 5th grade", ["鷸"] = "[[common snipe]]", ["鷹"] = "eagle; falcon; hawk", ["鷺"] = "heron", ["鷽"] = "{{vern|oriental bullfinch}}", ["鸇"] = "sparrow hawk; swift", ["鸏"] = "tropic bird", ["鸒"] = "{{vern|eastern jackdaw}}", ["鸓"] = "flying squirrel", ["鸕"] = "fishing cormorant", ["鸛"] = "crane; stork", ["鸝"] = "{{vern|Chinese oriole}}", ["鸞"] = "(mythical bird); imperial", ["鹵"] = "crass; halogen; salt; brine", ["鹹"] = "salty", ["鹺"] = "brine; salt", ["鹼"] = "alkali; soda; base (chem.)", ["鹽"] = "salt", ["鹿"] = "deer", ["麀"] = "female deer", ["麂"] = "{{taxlink|Moschus chinensis|species}}", ["麃"] = "to weed", ["麇"] = "hornless deer", ["麈"] = "leader of herd; stag", ["麋"] = "moose; river bank", ["麌"] = "stag; herd", ["麑"] = "fawn", ["麒"] = "male unicorn", ["麓"] = "foot of a hill", ["麗"] = "beautiful; Korea", ["麚"] = "buck; stag", ["麛"] = "fawn; young of animals", ["麝"] = "musk deer", ["麟"] = "female unicorn", ["麤"] = "coarse; rough; rude", ["麥"] = "wheat; barley; oats", ["麩"] = "bran", ["麮"] = "porridge", ["麰"] = "barley", ["麵"] = "flour; noodles", ["麻"] = "(to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp; numb; to bother", ["麼"] = "dimi.", ["麽"] = "(interrog. suff.)", ["麾"] = "signal flag; to signal", ["黃"] = "yellow", ["黈"] = "a yellow colour", ["黌"] = "school", ["黍"] = "[[broomcorn millet]]; [[glutinous millet]]", ["黎"] = "''surname''; black; Lebanon (abbrev.)", ["黏"] = "sticky", ["黑"] = "black; dark; Heilongjiang Province (abbrev.)", ["黓"] = "black", ["黔"] = "Guizhou; black", ["黕"] = "red", ["默"] = "silent; write from memory", ["黛"] = "umber-black dye for painting the eyebrow", ["黜"] = "dismiss; expel", ["黝"] = "black; dark green", ["點"] = "point; dot; (decimal) point; o'clock; (measure word)", ["黟"] = "black and shining ebony", ["黠"] = "''phonetic''; crafty", ["黥"] = "''surname''; tattoo criminals on face", ["黧"] = "yellowish black", ["黨"] = "party; association; club; society", ["黮"] = "black, dark; unclear; private", ["黯"] = "deep black; dark", ["黰"] = "bushy black hair", ["黲"] = "grey black", ["黴"] = "bacteria; fungi; mouldy", ["黶"] = "black spots on body", ["黷"] = "blacken; constantly; to insult", ["黹"] = "embroidery", ["黻"] = "(embroidery)", ["黼"] = "(embroidery)", ["黽"] = "toad", ["黿"] = "{{vern|Cantor's giant softshell turtle}}", ["鼇"] = "huge mythological sea turtle", ["鼉"] = "large water lizard", ["鼎"] = "ancient bronze cauldron; throne; (''Min'') wok", ["鼏"] = "cover of tripod kettle", ["鼐"] = "incense tripod", ["鼒"] = "tripod with a small opening on top", ["鼓"] = "convex; drum; to rouse; to beat", ["鼕"] = "boom (of a drum)", ["鼖"] = "large brass drum", ["鼙"] = "drum carried on horseback", ["鼚"] = "sound of drum", ["鼛"] = "large drum", ["鼠"] = "rat; mouse", ["鼢"] = "(mole)", ["鼪"] = "stoat; weasel", ["鼫"] = "long-tailed marmot", ["鼬"] = "weasel, {{taxlink|Mustela itatis|species}}", ["鼯"] = "{{taxlink|Petaurista leucogenys|species}}", ["鼴"] = "mole", ["鼷"] = "mouse", ["鼻"] = "nose", ["鼽"] = "congested nose", ["鼾"] = "snore", ["齁"] = "snore; thirsty from salty food", ["齆"] = "stuffed nose", ["齈"] = "cold in the head; catarrh of the nose", ["齉"] = "stoppage of the nose; to speak with a nasal twang; snuffling; snuffle (as in nose with a cold)", ["齊"] = "even; neat; identical; ready; to make even; simultaneously; place name", ["齋"] = "a fast; studio", ["齎"] = "send; to present in both hands", ["齏"] = "fragment; spices", ["齒"] = "tooth", ["齔"] = "replace the milk teeth", ["齕"] = "gnaw", ["齗"] = "gums (of the teeth); to dispute", ["齙"] = "projecting teeth", ["齜"] = "projecting teeth", ["齞"] = "to display the teeth", ["齟"] = "irregular; uneven teeth", ["齠"] = "shed the milk teeth; young", ["齡"] = "age; stage of one's life", ["齣"] = "''classifier for plays''; act, stanza", ["齦"] = "gums; gnaw; bite", ["齧"] = "''surname''; gnaw", ["齪"] = "dirty; small-minded", ["齬"] = "irregular teeth", ["齮"] = "''surname''; bite", ["齯"] = "teeth grown in old age", ["齰"] = "to bite", ["齲"] = "decayed teeth; dental caries", ["齵"] = "uneven (teeth)", ["齶"] = "palate", ["龍"] = "dragon; imperial; ''surname''", ["龐"] = "huge; enormous; tremendous", ["龑"] = "high and bright", ["龔"] = "to supply; to respect; to follow; ''surname''", ["龕"] = "niche; shrine", ["龘"] = "the appearance of a dragon walking", ["龜"] = "tortoise; turtle", ["龠"] = "(ancient measure); flute", ["龢"] = "harmonious", ["龤"] = "to harmonize; to accord with; to agree", ["𨭎"] = "seaborgium (Sg)", ["嘢"] = "(''Cantonese'') thing", ["鐧"] = "ancient weapon like a long solid metal truncheon; type of rapier", ["嗰"] = "(''Cantonese'') that", ["覲"] = "to have an audience with the Emperor", ["淑"] = "good; pure; virtuous; charming", ["軲"] = "wheel; to roll", ["𨅝"] = "(''Cantonese'') to kick; to tread on; to depart", ["椰"] = "coconut", ["閪"] = "(''Cantonese'') vagina", ["𨳊"] = "(''Cantonese'') penis", ["噏"] = "(''Cantonese'') to babble", ["麴"] = "yeast; alcoholic beverage", ["訌"] = "quarrel", ["煦"] = "warm; gentle; kind", ["蝸"] = "land snail", ["䴉"] = "ibis", ["藩"] = "fence; screen; vassal", ["擀"] = "to roll flat with a rod", ["癔"] = "hysteria", ["淆"] = "to mix; to confuse", ["爿"] = "piece; side", ["骶"] = "sacrum", ["聒"] = "to grate on one's ears", ["哋"] = "(''Cantonese'') plural particle", ["啲"] = "(''Cantonese'') a few; some; those", ["橇"] = "sledge", ["苷"] = "glycoside", ["嚟"] = "(''Cantonese'') to come", ["攞"] = "(''Cantonese'') to take; to get", ["鮃"] = "[[Bothidae]]", ["櫼"] = "wood wedge; thin wooden stick", ["㞎"] = "(''childish'') feces", ["芎"] = "[[Szechuan lovage]] (''{{ll|mul|Ligusticum striatum}}'')", ["柊"] = "[[holly osmanthus]]", ["戕"] = "to kill", ["腈"] = "nitrile", ["謔"] = "to joke", ["腩"] = "belly flesh", ["鐐"] = "fetters", ["碸"] = "sulfone", ["焗"] = "to wrap food in gauze", ["䓬"] = "tropylium", ["苄"] = "benzyl", ["蝰"] = "viper", ["粳"] = "Japonica rice", ["槭"] = "maple", ["掬"] = "to hold with both hands", ["蕹"] = "water spinach", ["乸"] = "(''Cantonese'') female", ["囧"] = "(''slang'') shocked; surprised; embarrassed; awkward", ["幺"] = "tiny; youngest; one; ace", ["喺"] = "(''Cantonese'') be ...-ing; in, at, within; to be (located)", ["璉"] = "vessel for holding grain offerings", ["倓"] = "quiet; peaceful", ["嶸"] = "''phonetic''", ["岢"] = "high; tall", ["𦧺"] = "(''Cantonese'') to lick", ["糍"] = "glutinous rice ball", ["瞓"] = "(''Cantonese'') to sleep", ["㑚"] = "(''Wu'') you", } export.nonlemma = "蜘蜉膃肭螵枇杷尷疙瘩虼鴯蟑蜋螂氆氌氍毹芪鮟鱇糬蝙遢垃圾蕁蟥蛞蝓螅蟋蛐栴蜢蚱蚯蜒蚰茼荸葧蚣仃苤冏仉餛飩琵琶邯鄲邡跎闆蝤蜾蠃鞦韆荔澎罳鷥蝴蛺螃茉莉嘧噶伽迦邂逅璃袈裟琉毾萄崁橄菠檎檳猞猁獁僳嫦苜蓿姮囫圇忐忑旖旎匍匐鸚鵡鵜鶘鳲鴛鴦鷓鴣鶺鸑鸂鶒鵒舴艋舢舨琺拮据荽蓯芙妯娌嬡獬廌醍醐骯臢萸剞劂齷碡茯菡萏菝葜菪硨磲佧岢嵋狁薐靆嗦磟猢猻鷯鶗騠倥顢彷徨徘徊徜徉彿玲氤樨蜴蠑螈蓇葖鷫鷞靂蝌蚪嶸鷾鶹蕷犰狳侏坷揶顬玕逍鱺鋃吽蠊餺躊蠐蛉蝃褳饅魍魎" return export fo9tp2v4tlwmadskw3w0uljla0cwzq2 7240573 7240572 2026-07-05T22:50:59Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 jui 7240573 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --From CEDICT with significant adaptations, originally licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License. export.glosses = { ["一"] = "ᡝᠮᡠ", -- ["丁"] = "", ["七"] = "", ["丈"] = "ᠵᡠᡩᠠ", -- ["三"] = "ᡳᠯᠠᠨ", -- ["上"] = "ᡩᡝᠯᡝ", -- ["下"] = "ᡶᡝᠵᡳᠯᡝ", -- ["丌"] = "", ["不"] = "ᠠᡴᡡ", -- ["丏"] = "", ["丐"] = "ᡤᡳᠣᡥᠠᠮᡝ ᠪᠠᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["丑"] = "", ["且"] = "ᡝᠴᡳ", -- ["丕"] = "", ["世"] = "ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ", -- ["丘"] = "ᠮᡠᡥᡠ", -- ["丙"] = "", ["丞"] = "ᡝᠵᡝᠪᡠᡴᡡ", -- ["丟"] = "ᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["並"] = "ᡤᡝᠯᡳ", -- ["丫"] = "", ["中"] = "ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠ", -- ["丮"] = "", ["丰"] = "ᡨᠠᡵᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["丱"] = "", ["串"] = "ᡠᠯᠴᡳᠨ", -- ["丳"] = "", ["丸"] = "", ["丹"] = "ᠸᡝᡥᡝ ᠴᡳᠨᡠᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["主"] = "ᡝᠵᡝᠨ", -- ["丼"] = "", ["乂"] = "", ["乃"] = "ᠣᠴᡳ", -- ["久"] = "ᡤᠣᡳᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["乇"] = "", ["么"] = "", ["之"] = "ᠨᡳ", -- ["乍"] = "ᡧᡠᡵᡠ", -- ["乎"] = "ᠰᡝᠮᡝᠣ", -- ["乏"] = "ᡧᠠᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["乒"] = "", ["乓"] = "", ["乖"] = "", ["乘"] = "ᠶᠠᠯᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["乙"] = "", ["乜"] = "", ["九"] = "ᡠᠶᡠᠨ", -- ["乞"] = "ᠪᠠᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["也"] = "ᡳᠨᡠ", -- ["乩"] = "ᠯᡠᠸᡝᠨ ᡨᡠᠸᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["乳"] = "ᡥᡠᡥᡠᠨ", -- ["乾"] = "ᠣᠯᡥᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["乿"] = "", ["亂"] = "ᡶᠠᠴᡠᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["亃"] = "", ["亄"] = "", ["了"] = "ᡤᡝᠨᡬᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["予"] = "", ["事"] = "ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ", -- ["二"] = "ᠵᡠᠸᡝ", -- ["亍"] = "", ["于"] = "", ["云"] = "ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["互"] = "ᡳᠰᡥᡠᠨᡩᡝ", -- ["亓"] = "", ["五"] = "ᠰᡠᠨᠵᠠ", -- ["井"] = "ᡥᡡᠴᡳᠨ", -- ["亙"] = "ᡥᡝᡨᡠ", -- ["些"] = "ᡥᡝᠨᡳ", -- ["亞"] = "ᡝᠪᡝᡵᡳ", -- ["亟"] = "", ["亡"] = "ᠪᡠᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["亢"] = "", ["交"] = "ᠠᡶᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["亥"] = "ᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ", -- ["亦"] = "ᡳᠨᡠ", -- ["亨"] = "", ["享"] = "ᠰᡠᡴᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["京"] = "ᡤᡝᠮᡠᠨ", -- ["亭"] = "ᡨᡳᠩᠰᡝ", -- ["亮"] = "ᡤᡝᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["亳"] = "", ["亶"] = "", ["亹"] = "", ["人"] = "ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ", -- ["什"] = "", ["仁"] = "ᡤᠣᠰᡳᠨ", -- ["仂"] = "", ["仄"] = "ᡝᡧᡝᠨᡬᡝ", -- ["仆"] = "ᡤᡝᡵᡳ ᡤᠣᡳᡥᠠ", -- ["仇"] = "ᠪᠠᡨᠠ", -- ["仈"] = "", ["今"] = "ᡨᡝ", -- ["介"] = "ᡥᡳᠴᠠᠨ", -- ["仍"] = "ᡴᡝᠮᡠᠨᡳ", -- ["仔"] = "ᡴᡳᠮᠴᡳᡴᡡ", -- ["仕"] = "", ["他"] = "ᡨᡝᡵᡝ", -- ["仗"] = "ᠠᡶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["付"] = "", ["仙"] = "ᡝᠨᡩᡠᡵᡳᠨ", -- ["仚"] = "ᡩᡝᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["仝"] = "ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳ", -- ["仞"] = "ᠵᡝᡵᡠᠨ", -- ["仟"] = "", ["仡"] = "", ["代"] = "ᡶᡠᠨᡩᡝ", -- ["令"] = "ᠰᡝᠯᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["以"] = "ᡝᡵᡝᠨᡳ", -- ["仨"] = "ᡳᠯᠠᠨᠣᡶᡳ", -- ["仰"] = "ᠣᠨᠴᠣᡥᠣᠨ", -- ["仲"] = "ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠ", -- ["仳"] = "", ["仵"] = "", ["件"] = "ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ", -- ["任"] = "ᡨᡠᡧᠠᠨ", -- ["份"] = "ᡠᠪᡠ", -- ["仿"] = "ᠠᠯᡥᡡᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伀"] = "", ["企"] = "ᡝᠨᠴᡝᡥᡝᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伈"] = "", ["伉"] = "ᡝᡳᡤᡝᠨ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ", -- ["伊"] = "ᡨᡝᡵᡝ", -- ["伋"] = "", ["伍"] = "ᡴᡠᡵᡝᠨ", -- ["伎"] = "ᡩᡝᠮᡠᠨ", -- ["伏"] = "ᡠᠩᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伐"] = "ᠰᠠᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["休"] = "ᡝᡵᡤᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伕"] = "", ["伙"] = "ᡥᠣᡴᡳ", -- ["伝"] = "ᡶᡳᠰᡝᠮᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伢"] = "", ["伯"] = "ᠪᡝ", -- ["估"] = "ᠰᡳᠰᡝᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伴"] = "ᡤᡠᠴᡠ", -- ["伶"] = "ᡤᡝᠨᡬᡝ ᡤᠠᠨᡬᠠ", -- ["伸"] = "ᠰᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伺"] = "ᡝᡵᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["伻"] = "", ["似"] = "ᡤᡝᠰᡝ", -- ["伾"] = "", ["佃"] = "ᡠᠰᡳᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡨᡠᡵᡳᡥᡝ ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠯᠮᠠ", -- ["但"] = "ᡩᠠᠮᡠ", -- ["佇"] = "", ["佈"] = "", ["佉"] = "", ["佌"] = "", ["位"] = "ᠣᡵᠣᠨ", -- ["低"] = "ᡶᠠᠩᡴᠠᠯᠠ", -- ["住"] = "ᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佐"] = "ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佑"] = "ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佔"] = "ᡝᠵᡝᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["何"] = "", ["佗"] = "", ["佘"] = "", ["余"] = "ᡶᡠᠨᠴᡝᠨ", -- ["佚"] = "ᠵᡳᡵᡤᠠᠴᡠᠨ ᡝᡵᡤᡝᠴᡠᠨ", -- ["佛"] = "ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ", -- ["作"] = "ᠸᡝᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佝"] = "", ["佞"] = "ᠠᠩᡤᠠᠯᡳᠩᡤᡡ", -- ["佟"] = "", ["你"] = "ᠰᡳ", -- ["佡"] = "", ["佢"] = "", ["佣"] = "", ["佤"] = "", ["佩"] = "ᠠᠰᡥᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佪"] = "", ["佫"] = "", ["佬"] = "", ["佯"] = "ᡩᡝᠮᡠᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佰"] = "", ["佳"] = "ᡥᠣᠵᠣ ᡤᡝᡤᡝ", -- ["佴"] = "", ["併"] = "ᠰᡠᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佶"] = "", ["佷"] = "", ["佸"] = "", ["佹"] = "", ["佺"] = "", ["佻"] = "ᠣᡳᠯᠣᡥᠣᡩᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["佼"] = "", ["佽"] = "", ["佾"] = "", ["使"] = "ᠣᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侀"] = "", ["侁"] = "", ["侂"] = "", ["侃"] = "", ["侄"] = "", ["侅"] = "", ["來"] = "ᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侇"] = "", ["侈"] = "ᠮᠠᠮᡤᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["例"] = "ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ", -- ["侍"] = "ᡠᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侐"] = "", ["侑"] = "", ["侔"] = "", ["侖"] = "", ["侗"] = "ᡝᡳᡥᡠᠨ ᠮᡝᠨᡝᠨ", -- ["侘"] = "", ["侚"] = "", ["供"] = "ᠸᡝᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侜"] = "", ["依"] = "ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侮"] = "ᡤᡳᡵᡠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侯"] = "ᡥᡝᠣ", -- ["侵"] = "ᠨᡝᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["侶"] = "ᠨᡝᡴᡠ", -- ["侷"] = "ᡶᡠᡴᠵᡳᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["便"] = "ᡳᠯᡩᡠᠨ", -- ["俁"] = "", ["係"] = "ᡠᠮᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["促"] = "ᡥᠠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["俄"] = "ᠣᡵᠣᠰ", -- ["俅"] = "", ["俊"] = "ᠶᡝᠪᡴᡝᠨ", -- ["俎"] = "", ["俏"] = "ᡥᠣᠵᠣ", -- ["俐"] = "ᠰᡠᡵᡝ", -- ["俑"] = "ᡠᡵᡤᡝᡨᡠ", -- ["俓"] = "", ["俔"] = "", ["俗"] = "ᠰᡝᠰᡥᡝᡵᡳ", -- ["俘"] = "ᠣᠯᠵᡳ", -- ["俚"] = "ᠠᠯᠪᠠᡨᡠ", -- ["俛"] = "", ["俜"] = "", ["保"] = "ᡴᠠᡵᠮᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["俞"] = "", ["俟"] = "ᡥᡝᠰᡝᠪᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["俠"] = "ᡶᠠᡵᡧᠠᡨᠠᡳ", -- ["信"] = "ᠵᠠᠰᡳᡤᠠᠨ", -- ["修"] = "ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["俯"] = "ᠮᡝᡥᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["俱"] = "ᡤᡝᠮᡠ", -- ["俳"] = "ᠵᡠᠴᡠᠯᡝᠰᡳ", -- ["俴"] = "", ["俵"] = "ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["俶"] = "", ["俸"] = "ᡶᡠᠩᠯᡠ", -- ["俺"] = "", ["俾"] = "ᠸᡝᠰᡳᠮᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倀"] = "", ["倅"] = "", ["倆"] = "", ["倉"] = "ᠴᠠᠯᡠ", -- ["個"] = "ᡶᠠᠯᡳ", -- ["倌"] = "", ["倍"] = "ᠵᡠᡵᠰᡠᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倏"] = "ᡥᠣᠯᡴᠣᠨᡩᡝ", -- ["們"] = "ᠰᡝ", -- ["倒"] = "ᡨᡠᡥᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倔"] = "ᠮᡠᡴᠵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倖"] = "ᠵᠠᠪᡧᠠᠨ", -- ["倘"] = "ᠠᡳᡴᠠᠪᠠᡩᡝ", -- ["薇"] = "ᡩᡝᡶᡝᡵᡝ", -- ["候"] = "ᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倚"] = "ᠨᡳᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倜"] = "", ["借"] = "ᠵᡠᠸᡝᠨ", -- ["倡"] = "ᡨᡠᡵᡠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倢"] = "", ["倣"] = "", ["倦"] = "ᠴᡠᡴᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倨"] = "ᡴᠠᠩᡨᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["倩"] = "", ["倪"] = "", ["倫"] = "ᠴᡳᡴᡨᠠᠨ", -- ["倬"] = "", ["倭"] = "ᠣᠣᡯᡝ", -- ["值"] = "ᡨᡝᡳᠰᡠᠯᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["偁"] = "", ["偃"] = "ᡩᡝᡩᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["假"] = "ᡥᠣᠯᠣ", -- ["偈"] = "", ["偉"] = "ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠯᡳᠩᡤᡡ", -- ["偌"] = "", ["偎"] = "ᠯᠠᡨᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["偏"] = "ᡠᡵᡥᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["偓"] = "", ["偕"] = "", ["做"] = "ᠸᡝᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["停"] = "ᠨᠠᡴᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["偝"] = "", ["偟"] = "", ["偢"] = "", ["健"] = "ᡤᡠᡳᡤᡠ", -- ["偨"] = "", ["偩"] = "", ["偪"] = "", ["偫"] = "", ["偭"] = "", ["偯"] = "", ["偲"] = "", ["側"] = "ᡩᠠᠯᠪᠠ", -- ["偵"] = "ᠮᡝᠵᡳᡤᡝᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["偶"] = "ᠵᡠᡵᡠ", -- ["偷"] = "ᡥᡡᠯᡥᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["偽"] = "ᡥᠣᠯᠣ", -- ["傀"] = "", ["傅"] = "ᠰᡝᡶᡠ", -- ["傌"] = "ᡨᠣᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["傍"] = "ᡶᠠᡴᠵᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["傎"] = "", ["傑"] = "ᡴᡳᠶᠠᠩᡴᡳᠶᠠᠨ", -- ["傒"] = "", ["傔"] = "", ["傖"] = "ᠮᡝᠨᡝᠨ ᠰᠠᡴᡩᠠ", -- ["傘"] = "ᠰᠠᡵᠠ", -- ["備"] = "ᠪᡝᠯᡥᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["傚"] = "ᠠᠯᡥᡡᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["傜"] = "", ["傞"] = "", ["傢"] = "", ["傣"] = "", ["催"] = "ᠪᠣᡧᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["傭"] = "ᡨᡠᡵᡳᡥᡝ ᡥᡡᠰᡠᠨ", -- ["傮"] = "", ["傯"] = "", ["傲"] = "ᠴᠣᡴᡨᠣ", -- ["傳"] = "ᡠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ᠈ ᡴᠠ", -- ["傴"] = "ᠮᡝᡥᡠᠮᡝ ᡤᡠᡤᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["債"] = "ᡠᠰᡝᠨ", -- ["傷"] = "ᡴᠣᡵᠣ", -- ["傺"] = "", ["傻"] = "ᠮᡝᠨᡝᡥᡠᠨ", -- ["傾"] = "ᡠᠩᡴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["傿"] = "", ["僂"] = "ᡥᡠᠨᡩᡠ", -- ["僄"] = "", ["僅"] = "ᠠᡵᡴᠠᠨ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["僇"] = "", ["僉"] = "", ["僊"] = "", ["僎"] = "", ["像"] = "ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳ", -- ["僑"] = "ᡨᠠᡴᠠ ᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["僕"] = "ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠵᠠᠨ", -- ["僖"] = "ᠣᠯᡥᠣᡧᠣᠨ", -- ["僚"] = "ᡤᡝᠰᡝ ᡥᠠᡶᠠᠨ", -- ["僝"] = "", ["僣"] = "", ["僤"] = "", ["僥"] = "ᠵᠠᠪᡧᠠᠨ", -- ["僦"] = "", ["僧"] = "ᡥᡡᠸᠠᡧᠠᠨ", -- ["僨"] = "ᡝᡶᡠᠵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["僩"] = "", ["僬"] = "", ["僭"] = "ᡩᠠᠪᠠᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["僮"] = "ᡨᠠᡴᡡᡵᡧᠠᡵᠠ ᠵᡠᡳ", -- ["僯"] = "", ["僰"] = "", ["僱"] = "ᡨᡠᡵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["僵"] = "ᠰᠠᡵᠪᠠᡨᠠᠯᠠ", -- ["價"] = "ᡥᡡᡩᠠ", -- ["僻"] = "ᡴᠣᠴᠣ ᠸᠠᡳ", -- ["僾"] = "", ["僿"] = "", ["儀"] = "ᠶᠣᠩᠰᡠ", -- ["儂"] = "", ["億"] = "ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ", -- ["儅"] = "", ["儆"] = "ᡠᠯᡥᡳᠴᡠᡴᡝ", -- ["儇"] = "ᡩᡝᡩᡝᠩᡤᡳ", -- ["儈"] = "ᡥᡡᡩᠠ ᠮᠠᡳᠮᠠᠨ ᡳ ᡠᡵᠰᡝ", -- ["儉"] = "ᠮᠠᠯᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["儊"] = "", ["儋"] = "", ["儌"] = "", ["儐"] = "", ["儒"] = "ᠪᠠᡴᠰᡳ", -- ["儓"] = "", ["儔"] = "", ["儕"] = "", ["儗"] = "", ["儘"] = "ᠠᡴᡡᠮᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["儜"] = "", ["償"] = "ᡨᠣᠣᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["儡"] = "", ["儤"] = "", ["儦"] = "", ["儩"] = "", ["優"] = "ᡶᡠᠯᡠ", -- ["儭"] = "", ["儱"] = "", ["儲"] = "ᠪᡝᠯᡥᡝᠨ", -- ["儳"] = "", ["儵"] = "", ["儷"] = "ᡝᡳᡤᡝᠨ ᠰᠠᡵᡤᠠᠨ", -- ["儸"] = "", ["儹"] = "", ["儺"] = "ᡶᡠᡩᡝᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["儻"] = "", ["儼"] = "", ["儽"] = "", ["兀"] = "ᠴᠣᠪ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["允"] = "ᠠᠴᠠᠨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["元"] = "ᡳᡴᡝᠨᡬᡝ", -- ["兄"] = "ᠠᡤᡝ", -- ["充"] = "ᠴᡳᠩᡴᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["兆"] = "ᡨᠣᡩᠣᠯᠣ", -- ["兇"] = "ᡩᠣᡴᠰᡳᠨ", -- ["先"] = "ᠨᡝᠨᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["光"] = "ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨ", -- ["克"] = "ᡝᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["兌"] = "ᡥᡡᠯᠠᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["免"] = "ᡤᡠᠸᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["兒"] = "ᠵᡠᠰᡝ", -- ["兔"] = "ᠮᠠᠮᡠᡴᡝ", -- ["兕"] = "ᡴᡠᡵᡳᠩᡤᡝ ᡳᡥᠠᠰᡳ", -- ["兗"] = "", ["党"] = "ᡥᠣᡴᡳ", -- ["兜"] = "ᡩᡝᡵᡩᡠ", -- ["兝"] = "", ["兞"] = "", ["兟"] = "", ["兢"] = "ᡴᡳᠴᡝᠪᡝ", -- ["入"] = "ᡩᠣᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["內"] = "ᡩᠣᠯᠣ", -- ["全"] = "ᡤᡠᠪᠴᡳ", -- ["兩"] = "ᠵᡠᠸᡝ", -- ["八"] = "", ["公"] = "ᡤᡠᠩ", -- ["六"] = "ᠨᡳᠨᡬᡠᠨ", -- ["兮"] = "", ["共"] = "ᡠᡥᡝᡳ", -- ["兵"] = "ᠴᠣᠣᡥᠠ", -- ["其"] = "ᡨᡝᡩᡝ", -- ["具"] = "", ["典"] = "ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ ᠴᠠᡤᠠᠨ", -- ["兼"] = "ᡴᠠᠮᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["冀"] = "ᠰᠠᠨᡬᡡᡧᠠᠮᡝ ᡤᡡᠨᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["冇"] = "", ["冉"] = "ᡝᠯᡥᡝ ᠠᠯᡥᠠᡳ", -- ["冊"] = "ᡩᡝᠪᡨᡝᠯᡳᠨ", -- ["再"] = "ᠵᠠᡳ", -- ["冑"] = "", ["冒"] = "ᡶᠠᡵᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["冓"] = "", ["冔"] = "ᡝᠯᠪᡝᡨᡠ", -- ["冕"] = "ᠮᠠᡥᠠᡨᡠ", -- ["冗"] = "ᡥᡝᡧᡠ ᡥᠠᡧᡠ", -- ["冘"] = "", ["冞"] = "", ["冠"] = "ᠮᠠᡥᠠᠯᠠ", -- ["冢"] = "ᡝᡳᡶᡠ", -- ["冤"] = "ᠮᡠᡵᡳᠰᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["冥"] = "ᠪᡠᡨᡠ", -- ["冪"] = "", ["冬"] = "ᡨᡠᠸᡝᡵᡳ", -- ["冰"] = "ᠵᡠᡥᡝ", -- ["冱"] = "", ["冶"] = "ᠸᡝᠨᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["冷"] = "ᡧᠠᡥᡡᡵᡠᠨ", -- ["冼"] = "", ["冽"] = "ᠰᡳᠩᡴᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["凄"] = "ᠰᡝᠨᡬᡳᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["凅"] = "", ["准"] = "ᡴᡝᠮᡠᠨ", -- ["凈"] = "ᠪᠣᠯᡤᠣ", -- ["凊"] = "", ["凋"] = "ᠰᡳᡥᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["凌"] = "ᡤᠠᠰᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["凍"] = "ᡤᡝᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["凔"] = "", ["凜"] = "ᠰᡳᠩᡴᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["凝"] = "ᠪᠠᡴᠵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["凞"] = "", ["几"] = "ᡠᡩᡠ", -- ["凡"] = "ᠶᠠᠶᠠ", -- ["凰"] = "ᡤᡝᡵᡠᡩᡝᡳ", -- ["凱"] = "ᡝᡨᡝᡶᡳ ᠮᠠᡵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["凳"] = "ᠮᡠᠯᠠᠨ", -- ["凵"] = "", ["凶"] = "ᡩᠣᡴᠰᡳᠨ", -- ["凸"] = "ᡤᡠᡴᡩᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["凹"] = "", ["出"] = "ᡨᡠᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["函"] = "ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ", -- ["刀"] = "ᡥᡠᠸᡝᠰᡳ", -- ["刁"] = "", ["刃"] = "ᠵᡝᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["分"] = "ᡩᡝᠨᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["切"] = "ᠮᡝᡳᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刈"] = "ᡥᠠᡩᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刊"] = "ᡶᠣᠯᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刎"] = "ᠮᠣᠨᡬᠣᠨ ᡶᠠᡳᡨᠠᠮᡝ ᠪᡠᠴᡝᡥᡝ", -- ["刑"] = "ᡝᡵᡠᠨ", -- ["划"] = "ᠮᡝᠯᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刓"] = "", ["刖"] = "ᡨᠣᠪᡨᡝᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["列"] = "ᡶᠠᡳᡩᠠᠨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刜"] = "", ["初"] = "ᡨᡠᡴᡨᠠᠨ", -- ["刡"] = "", ["判"] = "ᡩᡠᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["別"] = "ᡤᡡᠸᠠ", -- ["刨"] = "ᡶᡝᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["利"] = "ᠠᡳᠰᡳ", -- ["刪"] = "ᠮᡝᡳᡨᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刮"] = "ᡧᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["到"] = "ᡳᠰᡳᠨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刱"] = "", ["刲"] = "", ["刳"] = "ᡴᠣᡵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刵"] = "", ["制"] = "ᡴᠣᠣᠯᡳ", -- ["刷"] = "ᡥᠠᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["券"] = "ᠪᡝᡴᡩᡠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡤᠠᡳᡵᡝ ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ", -- ["刺"] = "ᠨᡠᡴᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["刻"] = "ᡴᡝ", -- ["剁"] = "ᠰᠠᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剃"] = "ᡶᡠᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剄"] = "", ["則"] = "ᠣᠴᡳ", -- ["剉"] = "", ["削"] = "ᡧᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剋"] = "ᡝᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剌"] = "ᠰᡝᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["前"] = "ᠵᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ", -- ["剎"] = "ᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᡝᠨ", -- ["剔"] = "ᠨᡳᠶᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剖"] = "ᡶᠠᡥᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剚"] = "", ["剛"] = "ᡤᠠᠨᡬᠠᠨ", -- ["剜"] = "ᡠᡥᡡᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剝"] = "ᡴᠣᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剟"] = "", ["剡"] = "", ["剩"] = "ᡶᡠᠨᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剪"] = "ᡶᠠᡳᡨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剮"] = "", ["副"] = "ᡳᠯᡥᡳ", -- ["割"] = "ᡥᠠᡩᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剴"] = "", ["創"] = "ᡶᡠᡴᠵᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剷"] = "ᠨᡝᡮᡳᡥᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["剸"] = "", ["剺"] = "", ["剽"] = "ᡝᡵᡴᡝ", -- ["剿"] = "ᡤᡝᡨᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劁"] = "ᠠᡴᡨᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劃"] = "ᡩᡝᠨᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劄"] = "ᠵᠠᡶᡠ", -- ["劇"] = "ᠵᡠᠴᡠᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劈"] = "ᡴᡳᠶᠠᡵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劉"] = "", ["劊"] = "ᡝᡵᡠᠮᠴᡳ", -- ["劌"] = "", ["劍"] = "", ["劑"] = "ᠵᡝᠮᡳᠨ", -- ["劓"] = "ᠣᡶᠣᡵᠣ ᡶᠠᡳᡨᠠᡵᠠ ᠸᡝᡳᠯᡝ", -- ["劖"] = "", ["劘"] = "", ["劙"] = "", ["力"] = "ᡥᡡᠰᡠᠨ", -- ["功"] = "ᡤᡠᠩᡤᡝ", -- ["加"] = "ᠨᡝᠮᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劣"] = "ᡝᡥᡝ", -- ["助"] = "ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["努"] = "ᡶᠠᡶᡠᡵᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劫"] = "ᡬᠠᠯᠠᠪ", -- ["劬"] = "ᠰᡠᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["劭"] = "", ["劻"] = "", ["劼"] = "", ["劾"] = "ᠸᠠᡴᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勁"] = "ᡥᡡᠰᡠᠨ", -- ["勃"] = "ᡶᠣᡨᠣᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勇"] = "ᠪᠠᡨᡠᡵᡠ", -- ["勉"] = "ᡴᡳᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勍"] = "", ["勒"] = "ᠮᡠᡵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["動"] = "ᠠᡧᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勖"] = "", ["勗"] = "", ["勘"] = "ᡩᡠᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["務"] = "", ["勛"] = "ᡤᡠᠩᡤᡝ", -- ["勝"] = "ᡝᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勞"] = "ᠰᡠᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["募"] = "ᡝᠯᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勢"] = "ᡥᠣᡵᠣᠨ", -- ["勣"] = "", ["勤"] = "ᡴᡳᠴᡝᠪᡝ", -- ["勦"] = "ᡤᡝᡨᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勩"] = "", ["勯"] = "", ["勰"] = "", ["勱"] = "", ["勳"] = "ᡤᡠᠩᡤᡝ", -- ["勵"] = "ᡴᡳᠴᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勷"] = "", ["勸"] = "ᡨᠠᡶᡠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勺"] = "ᠰᠠᡳᡶᡳ", -- ["勻"] = "ᠨᡝᡳᡤᡝᠨ", -- ["勾"] = "ᡨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["勿"] = "ᡠᠮᡝ", -- ["包"] = "ᡠᡥᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["匆"] = "ᡝᠪᡠᡥᡡ", -- ["匈"] = "", ["匉"] = "", ["匊"] = "", ["匋"] = "", ["匏"] = "", ["匕"] = "", ["化"] = "ᡠᠪᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["北"] = "ᠠᠮᠠᡵᡤᡳ", -- ["匙"] = "ᠰᠠᡳᡶᡳ", -- ["匚"] = "", ["匜"] = "", ["匝"] = "", ["匟"] = "", ["匠"] = "ᡶᠠᡴᠰᡳ", -- ["匡"] = "ᡨᡠᠸᠠᠨᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["匣"] = "ᠰᡳᡨᡥᡝᠨ", -- ["匪"] = "ᡥᡡᠯᡥᠠ", -- ["匭"] = "", ["匯"] = "ᡥᡡᠶᡠᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["匱"] = "ᡝᡴᡳᠶᡝᡥᡠᠨ", -- ["匹"] = "ᡩᡝᡶᡝ", -- ["匽"] = "", ["匾"] = "ᡳᠯᡝᡨᡠᠯᡝᡥᡝᠨ", -- ["匿"] = "ᠰᠣᠮᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["區"] = "ᡤᡳᡵᡳᠨ", -- ["十"] = "ᠵᡠᠸᠠᠨ", -- ["千"] = "", ["卄"] = "", ["卅"] = "ᡤᡡᠰᡳᠨ", -- ["升"] = "ᠸᡝᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["午"] = "ᠮᠣᡵᡳᠨ", -- ["卉"] = "ᠣᡵᡥᠣ", -- ["半"] = "ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠨ", -- ["卌"] = "ᡩᡝᡥᡳ", -- ["卍"] = "", ["卑"] = "ᡶᡠᠰᡳᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["卒"] = "ᠠᡴᡡ ᠣᡥᠣ", -- ["卓"] = "ᠴᠣᠯᡤᠣᡵᠣᡦᡳ", -- ["協"] = "ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["南"] = "ᠵᡠᠯᡝᡵᡤᡳ", -- ["博"] = "", ["卜"] = "ᡶᠣᠶᠣᡩᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["卞"] = "", ["占"] = "ᡶᠣᠶᠣᡩᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["卡"] = "ᡴᠠᡵᡠᠨ", -- ["卣"] = "", ["卦"] = "ᠵᡳᠵᡠᡥᠠᠨ", -- ["卬"] = "", ["卮"] = "", ["卯"] = "", ["印"] = "ᡩᠣᡵᠣᠨ", -- ["危"] = "ᡨᡠᡴᠰᡳᠴᡠᡴᡝ", -- ["卲"] = "", ["即"] = "ᡳᠨᡠ", -- ["卵"] = "ᡠᠮᡥᠠᠨ", -- ["卷"] = "ᡶᡝᡨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["卸"] = "ᡝᠪᡠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["卹"] = "ᡤᠣᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["卻"] = "ᡝᠯᡝᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠ", -- ["卼"] = "", ["卿"] = "ᠰᠠᡳᡨᡠ", -- ["厂"] = "", ["厄"] = "ᠵᠣᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ", -- ["厎"] = "", ["厔"] = "", ["厖"] = "", ["厘"] = "ᠯᡳ", -- ["厙"] = "", ["厚"] = "ᠵᡳᡵᠠᠮᡳᠨ", -- ["厜"] = "", ["厝"] = "", ["原"] = "ᡩᠠ", -- ["厤"] = "ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ", -- ["厥"] = "", ["厭"] = "ᡝᡳᠮᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["厲"] = "ᡝᡵᠰᡠᠨ", -- ["厴"] = "", ["厹"] = "", ["去"] = "ᡤᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["參"] = "", ["叄"] = "", ["又"] = "ᡤᡝᠯᡳ", -- ["叉"] = "ᡧᠠᡴᠠ", -- ["及"] = "ᡳᠰᡳᠨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["友"] = "ᡤᡠᠴᡠ", -- ["反"] = "ᠴᠠᠰᡥᡡᠨ", -- ["叔"] = "ᡝᠴᡳᡴᡝ", -- ["取"] = "ᡤᠠᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["受"] = "ᠠᠯᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["叛"] = "ᡶᡠᡩᠠᠰᡳ", -- ["叟"] = "ᠠᡤᡠ", -- ["叡"] = "ᠰᡠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["叢"] = "ᡶᡠᠯᡩᡠᠨ", -- ["口"] = "ᠠᠩᡤᠠ", -- ["古"] = "ᠵᡠᠯᡤᡝ", -- ["句"] = "ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ", -- ["另"] = "ᡝᠨᠴᡠ", -- ["叨"] = "ᡩᠠᠯᡥᡳ", -- ["叩"] = "ᡨᠣᡴᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["只"] = "ᡨᡝᡳᠯᡝ", -- ["叫"] = "ᡥᡡᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["召"] = "ᡳᠰᠠᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["叭"] = "ᡴᠠᠪ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["叮"] = "ᡧᡠᡶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["可"] = "ᠠᡳᠨᡳ", -- ["台"] = "ᡴᠠᡵᠠᠨ", -- ["叱"] = "ᡝᠰᡠᠨᡬᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["史"] = "ᠰᡠᡩᡠᡵᡳ", -- ["右"] = "ᡳᠴᡳ", -- ["叵"] = "", ["司"] = "ᡶᡳᠶᡝᠨᡨᡝᠨ", -- ["叻"] = "", ["叼"] = "ᠠᡧᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吁"] = "ᡩᡝᠰᡠᠩᡤᡳᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吃"] = "ᠵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["各"] = "ᡨᠣᠮᡝ", -- ["吆"] = "ᠰᡠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["合"] = "ᠠᠴᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吉"] = "ᠰᠠᠪᡳ", -- ["吊"] = "ᡳᠠᡴᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吋"] = "", ["同"] = "ᠠᡩᠠᠯᡳ", -- ["名"] = "ᡤᡝᠪᡠ", -- ["后"] = "", ["吏"] = "ᠸᠠᡳᠯᠠᠨ", -- ["吐"] = "ᠵᡠᡵᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["向"] = "ᡨᡝᡳᠰᡠ", -- ["吒"] = "ᡝᠰᡠᡴᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["君"] = "ᡥᠠᠨ", -- ["吝"] = "ᠵᡳᠪᡤᡝ", -- ["吞"] = "ᠨᡠᠩᡤᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吟"] = "ᡤᡳᠩᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吠"] = "ᡴᡝᡵᡴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["否"] = "ᠸᠠᡴᠠ", -- ["吧"] = "ᠪᠠᡳ", -- ["吩"] = "", ["吪"] = "", ["含"] = "ᠠᡧᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吭"] = "ᠪᡳᠯᡥᠠ", -- ["吮"] = "ᡠᠰᡳᡥᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吰"] = "", ["吱"] = "ᡴᡳᡴᡡᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吳"] = "", ["吵"] = "ᠪᡝᠴᡝᠨ", -- ["吶"] = "ᡤᠠᡳ", -- ["吸"] = "ᡤᠣᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吹"] = "ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吻"] = "ᠣᠵᠣᠮᡤᡳ", -- ["吼"] = "ᡤᡠᠸᡝᠨᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["吾"] = "ᠪᡳ", -- ["呀"] = "", ["呂"] = "ᡝᠯᡳᠣᡳ", -- ["呃"] = "", ["呆"] = "ᠪᡝᠯᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["呇"] = "", ["呈"] = "ᠠᠯᡳᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["告"] = "ᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["呎"] = "", ["呏"] = "", ["呠"] = "", ["呡"] = "", ["呢"] = "ᠨᡳ", -- ["呤"] = "", ["呦"] = "", ["呧"] = "", ["周"] = "ᠪᠠᡵᡠᠨ", -- ["呫"] = "", ["呬"] = "", ["呱"] = "ᡤᠠᡵ ᡤᠠᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["味"] = "ᠠᠮᡨᠠᠨ", -- ["呴"] = "", ["呵"] = "ᡴᡝ", -- ["呶"] = "", ["呷"] = "ᡠᠰᡳᡥᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["呸"] = "ᡦᡝᡳ", -- ["呺"] = "", ["呻"] = "ᠨᡳᡩᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["呼"] = "ᡥᡡᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["命"] = "ᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ", -- ["呿"] = "", ["咀"] = "ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠨᡬᡡᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咁"] = "", ["咂"] = "ᡤᠣᠴᡳᠮᠪᡳ᠈ ᡴᠠ", -- ["咄"] = "ᡝᠰᡠᡴᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咆"] = "ᠮᡠᠮᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咇"] = "", ["咈"] = "", ["咋"] = "", ["和"] = "ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠰᡠᠨ", -- ["咍"] = "", ["咎"] = "ᠵᠠᠪᠴᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咐"] = "ᡨᠠᠴᡳᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咑"] = "", ["咒"] = "ᡶᡳᡵᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咕"] = "ᠵᠣᠩ ᠵᠣᠩ", -- ["咖"] = "", ["咚"] = "ᡴᡠᡨᡠᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["咠"] = "", ["咡"] = "", ["咢"] = "", ["咥"] = "", ["咦"] = "ᡝᡳ", -- ["咧"] = "ᡤᠠᡴᠠᡵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咨"] = "ᡥᡝᠪᡩᡝᠨᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咩"] = "", ["咪"] = "", ["咫"] = "", ["咬"] = "ᠰᠠᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咮"] = "", ["咯"] = "ᡴᠠᡴᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咱"] = "ᠮᡠᠰᡝ", -- ["咳"] = "ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咷"] = "", ["咸"] = "ᠶᠣᠣᠨᡳ", -- ["咺"] = "", ["咻"] = "", ["咼"] = "", ["咽"] = "ᠨᡠᠩᡤᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["咾"] = "", ["咿"] = "ᠵᡠᠵᡠ ᠵᠠᠵᠠ", -- ["哀"] = "ᡤᠣᠰᡳᡥᠣᠯᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["品"] = "ᠶᠠᠪᡠᠨ", -- ["哂"] = "", ["哄"] = "ᡥᠣᠯᡨᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["哆"] = "ᡧᡠᡵᡤᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["哇"] = "", ["哈"] = "", ["哉"] = "ᠰᡝᠮᡝᠣ", -- ["哎"] = "ᡝ", -- ["哞"] = "", ["員"] = "", ["哢"] = "", ["哤"] = "", ["哥"] = "ᠠᡤᡝ", -- ["哦"] = "ᠣ", -- ["哨"] = "ᡴᠠᡵᡠᠨ", -- ["哩"] = "", ["哪"] = "ᠶᠠ", -- ["哫"] = "", ["哭"] = "ᠰᠣᠨᡬᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["哮"] = "ᡥᡳᠶᠠᡥᡡ", -- ["哲"] = "ᠰᡠᠯᡨᡠᠩᡤᠠ", -- ["哺"] = "ᠠᡧᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["哼"] = "ᡤᡳᠩᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["哽"] = "ᠮᡠᠵᡳᡶᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["哿"] = "", ["唁"] = "ᠰᡳᠨᠠᡤᠠᠨ ᡳ ᠪᠠᡳᡨᠠ ᡩᡝ ᠠᠴᠠᠨᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["唄"] = "", ["唅"] = "", ["唆"] = "ᡧᡠᠰᡳᡥᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["唇"] = "ᡶᡝᠮᡝᠨ", -- ["唈"] = "", ["唉"] = "ᡝᡳ", -- ["唎"] = "", ["唏"] = "", ["唐"] = "ᡨᠠᠩ", -- ["唑"] = "", ["唔"] = "", ["唚"] = "", ["唧"] = "ᠴᠠᠰ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["唪"] = "", ["唬"] = "ᡤᡝᠯᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["售"] = "ᡠᠨᠴᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["唯"] = "ᡨᡝᡳᠯᡝ", -- ["唱"] = "ᡠᠴᡠᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["唲"] = "", ["唳"] = "ᡤᡠᠸᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["唵"] = "", ["唶"] = "", ["唷"] = "ᠠᡴᡝ", -- ["唸"] = "ᠨᡳᠶᡝᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["唹"] = "", ["唾"] = "ᠴᡳᡶᡝᠩᡤᡠ", -- ["啀"] = "", ["啁"] = "ᠵᡳᠵᡳ ᠵᠠᠵᠠ", -- ["啃"] = "ᡤᡝᡩᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["啄"] = "ᠴᠣᠩᡴᡳᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["商"] = "ᡥᡡᡩᠠ", -- ["啊"] = "ᡩᡝᡵᡝ", -- ["啍"] = "", ["啎"] = "", ["問"] = "ᡶᠣᠨᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["啐"] = "ᡦᡝᡳ", -- ["啕"] = "ᠠᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["啖"] = "ᠨᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᡡᠮᡝ ᠨᡠᠩᡤᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["啗"] = "", ["啜"] = "ᡠᡴᡳᠶᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["啞"] = "ᡥᡝᠯᡝ", -- ["啟"] = "", ["啡"] = "", ["啢"] = "", ["啣"] = "ᠯᡠᡥᡝᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["啤"] = "", ["啥"] = "", ["啦"] = "", ["啪"] = "ᡦᡝᠰ", -- ["啶"] = "", ["啻"] = "ᡝᠪᡝᡵᡳ ᠠᡴᡡ", -- ["啼"] = "ᡤᡠᠸᡝᠨᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["啽"] = "", ["啾"] = "ᠵᠣᡵᡤᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喀"] = "ᡴᡝᠰ", -- ["喁"] = "", ["喂"] = "ᡝᡳ", -- ["喃"] = "ᡤᠣᠵᠣᠩ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["善"] = "ᠰᠠᡳᠨ", -- ["喇"] = "ᠯᠠᠮᠠ", -- ["喈"] = "ᡤᡡᠯᡳ ᡤᠠᠯᡳ", -- ["喉"] = "ᠪᡳᠯᡥᠠ", -- ["喊"] = "ᠰᡠᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喋"] = "ᠶᡝᠶᡝᡩᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喌"] = "", ["喎"] = "", ["喏"] = "", ["喑"] = "", ["喒"] = "", ["喓"] = "", ["喔"] = "ᠣ", -- ["喘"] = "ᡥᡝᠪᡨᡝᡧᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喙"] = "ᡝᠨᡬᡝ", -- ["喚"] = "ᡤᡝᡨᡝᠪᡠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喜"] = "ᡠᡵᡤᡠᠨ", -- ["喝"] = "ᠣᠮᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喟"] = "", ["喣"] = "", ["喤"] = "ᡨᡠᠩ ᡨᠠᠩ ᠰᡝᡵᡝ ᠵᡳᠯᡤᠠᠨ", -- ["喥"] = "", ["喦"] = "", ["喧"] = "ᠴᡠᡵᡤᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喨"] = "", ["喪"] = "ᠰᡳᠨᠠᡤᠠᠨ", -- ["喫"] = "ᠵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["喬"] = "ᠪᡠᡵᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ", -- ["喭"] = "", ["單"] = "ᡝᠮᡨᡝᠯᡳ", -- ["喱"] = "", ["喲"] = "ᠠᡴᡝ", -- ["喳"] = "ᠵᠠᡵ ᠵᡳᡵ", -- ["喵"] = "", ["喻"] = "", ["喿"] = "", ["嗀"] = "", ["嗃"] = "", ["嗄"] = "", ["嗅"] = "ᠸᠠᠩᡴᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗆"] = "ᠰᡝᠩᠰᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗇"] = "ᠵᡳᠪᡤᡝ", -- ["嗈"] = "", ["嗉"] = "", ["嗊"] = "", ["嗎"] = "ᠨᡳᠣ", -- ["嗐"] = "", ["嗑"] = "ᡴᠠᠵᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗒"] = "", ["嗓"] = "ᠪᡳᠯᡥᠠ", -- ["嗔"] = "ᡠᠰᡥᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗙"] = "", ["嗚"] = "ᠰᠣᡴᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗛"] = "", ["嗜"] = "ᠴᡳᡥᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗝"] = "ᡴᡝᡴᡝᡵᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗟"] = "ᠴᡳᠪᠰᡳᠮᡝ ᠨᠠᠰᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗡"] = "ᠶᠠᠩ ᡳᠩ ᠰᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗣"] = "ᡝᠨᡝᠨ", -- ["嗤"] = "ᠰᡠᡴ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["嗥"] = "ᠯᠣᠣᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗨"] = "", ["嗯"] = "ᡝᠨ", -- ["嗶"] = "ᠨᡠᠨᡬᠠᠰᡠᠨ ᠰᡠᠵᡝ", -- ["嗷"] = "ᡤᠠᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["嗹"] = "", ["嗽"] = "ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗾"] = "ᠴᡠᡴᡠᠯᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嗿"] = "", ["嘀"] = "ᠵᡳᠩᠵᡳᠩ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠠᠩ", -- ["嘁"] = "ᡧᡠᡧᡠ ᡧᠠᡧᠠ", -- ["嘂"] = "", ["嘆"] = "ᠴᡳᠪᠰᡳᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嘈"] = "ᡩᡠᡵᡤᡝᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嘉"] = "ᠰᠠᡳᡧᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嘍"] = "", ["嘎"] = "ᡴᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠰᡝᡵᡝ", -- ["嘏"] = "", ["嘐"] = "", ["嘒"] = "", ["嘓"] = "", ["嘔"] = "ᡶᡠᡩᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嘖"] = "ᡴᡳᠶᠠᡴᡳᠶᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嘗"] = "ᠠᠮᡨᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ", -- ["嘛"] = "", ["嘜"] = "", ["嘟"] = "ᠪᠣᡩᠣᡵ ᠰᡝᠮᡝ", -- ["嘩"] = "ᡠᡵᡴᡳᠨ", -- ["嘬"] = "", ["嘮"] = "to chatter", ["嘯"] = "to hiss; to whistle", ["嘰"] = "grumble", ["嘲"] = "to ridicule; ridicule; mock", ["嘴"] = "mouth", ["嘵"] = "a cry of alarm; querulous", ["嘶"] = "hiss; neigh", ["嘸"] = "unclear; an expletive", ["嘹"] = "clear sound; cry (of cranes, etc.)", ["嘻"] = "laugh; giggle", ["嘿"] = "hey", ["噀"] = "spurt out of the mouth", ["噁"] = "", ["噂"] = "talk together", ["噅"] = "to speak falsely or wrongly; ugly", ["噉"] = "(''Cantonese'') this; in such way", ["噌"] = "sound of bells, etc; to scold; whoosh!", ["噎"] = "choke", ["噓"] = "exhale; hiss", ["噗"] = "sound of escaping laughter; water", ["噘"] = "to push (lips)", ["噙"] = "hold in the mouth", ["噚"] = "fathom", ["噞"] = "the movement of a fish's mouth at the surface of the water", ["噠"] = "''phonetic''; command to a horse; clatter (of horses' hooves)", ["噢"] = "oh!", ["噤"] = "unable to speak; silent", ["噥"] = "garrulous", ["器"] = "device; tool; utensil", ["噩"] = "startling", ["噪"] = "chirp; mixture of voices; noise; buzzing; clamour", ["噫"] = "(interj. of approval); belch", ["噬"] = "devour; to bite", ["噭"] = "shout", ["噯"] = "(interj. of regret); (interj. of disapproval)", ["噱"] = "loud laughter", ["噲"] = "''surname''; throat; to swallow", ["噳"] = "herd; stag; buck", ["噴"] = "fragrant; sneeze; to puff; to spout; to spray; to spurt", ["噸"] = "ton", ["噹"] = "dong (onomatopoeia for bell)", ["嚀"] = "enjoin", ["嚃"] = "to drink; to swallow", ["嚄"] = "(interj. of surprise); stunned and speechless", ["嚅"] = "chattering", ["嚆"] = "sound; noise", ["嚇"] = "to frighten; to scare; to intimidate; to threaten", ["嚌"] = "sip", ["嚎"] = "howl; bawl", ["嚏"] = "sneeze", ["嚐"] = "to taste", ["嚕"] = "grumble; chatter", ["嚙"] = "gnaw", ["嚚"] = "insincere; stupid", ["嚜"] = "be silent; final particle", ["嚥"] = "to swallow", ["嚦"] = "sound of splitting; cracking", ["嚨"] = "throat", ["嚬"] = "knit the brows", ["嚭"] = "great; great fortune", ["嚮"] = "guide; opposite to", ["嚲"] = "hang down", ["嚳"] = "name of an emperor", ["嚴"] = "(air or water) tight; stern; serious; strict; severe", ["嚵"] = "gluttonous; greedy", ["嚶"] = "calling of birds", ["嚷"] = "blurt out; to shout", ["嚼"] = "to chew", ["囀"] = "sing, chirp, warble, twitter", ["囁"] = "move the mouth as in speaking", ["囂"] = "clamour", ["囅"] = "smilingly", ["囈"] = "talk in sleep", ["囉"] = "subordinate in a gang of bandits; fussy; talkative", ["囊"] = "sack", ["囌"] = "loquacious; nag", ["囍"] = "double happiness", ["囑"] = "enjoin", ["囓"] = "gnaw", ["囔"] = "muttering, indistinct speech", ["囗"] = "enclosure", ["囚"] = "prisoner", ["四"] = "four", ["囝"] = "ᠵᡠᡳ", ["回"] = "to circle; to go back; to turn around; to answer; to return; to revolve; (a measure word for matters or actions) a time; Islam", ["囟"] = "skull; top of head", ["因"] = "cause; reason; because", ["囡"] = "one's daughter; to filch; to secrete", ["囤"] = "to store; hoard; bin for grain", ["囥"] = "to hide; store", ["囪"] = "window; chimney", ["囮"] = "decoy", ["困"] = "distress; sleepy; doze off", ["囷"] = "granary", ["囹"] = "prison", ["固"] = "hard; strong; solid; sure", ["囿"] = "park; to limit; be limited to", ["圂"] = "grain-fed animals; pigsty", ["圃"] = "garden; orchard", ["圄"] = "imprison", ["圈"] = "circle; ring; loop; to confine; enclose; pen (pig); a fold", ["圉"] = "prison; to keep the horse; one who keeps the horse; frontier", ["圊"] = "pigsty; rest-room", ["國"] = "country; state; nation", ["圌"] = "name of a mountain", ["圍"] = "to circle; to surround", ["園"] = "garden", ["圓"] = "circle; round; circular; spherical; (of the moon) full; unit of Chinese currency (Yuan); tactful; to justify", ["圖"] = "diagram; to plan; picture; drawing; chart", ["團"] = "regiment; round; circular; group; society", ["圛"] = "mist rolling upwards", ["圜"] = "circle; round; encircle", ["圞"] = "round", ["土"] = "earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian", ["在"] = "(located) at; in; exist; (before verbs) immediately involved in; right in the middle of doing", ["圩"] = "dike", ["圪"] = "''phonetic''", ["圬"] = "to plaster; whitewash", ["圭"] = "jade tablet", ["圮"] = "destroyed; injure", ["圯"] = "bridge, bank", ["地"] = "earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); -ly", ["圳"] = "furrow in field, small drainage", ["圻"] = "boundary; a border", ["址"] = "location; site", ["均"] = "equal; even; all; uniform", ["坊"] = "subdivision of a city", ["坋"] = "dust, earth; a bank of earth; to dig; to bring together", ["坌"] = "bring together; dust", ["坍"] = "collapse", ["坎"] = "pit; threshold", ["坐"] = "to sit; to take a seat; to take (a bus, aeroplane, etc.)", ["坑"] = "pit; to defraud", ["坒"] = "to compare; to match; to equal", ["坡"] = "slope", ["坤"] = "the earth-; female-principle", ["坦"] = "flat; open-hearted; level; smooth", ["坨"] = "lump; spherical substance", ["坩"] = "earthenware", ["坪"] = "a plain", ["坫"] = "stand for goblets", ["坭"] = "mud", ["坯"] = "unburnt earthenware", ["坰"] = "environs; wilderness", ["坱"] = "boundless (space); fine dust", ["坳"] = "a depression; cavity; hollow", ["坴"] = "a clod of earth; land", ["坵"] = "earthenware, earthenware vessel", ["坻"] = "place name; islet; rock in river", ["坼"] = "to crack; split; break; to chap", ["垂"] = "to hang (down); droop; dangle; bend down; hand down; bequeath; nearly; almost; to approach", ["型"] = "model", ["垓"] = "boundary", ["垔"] = "to restrain; to dam a stream and change its direction; a mound", ["垕"] = "thick", ["垗"] = "sacrifice", ["垚"] = "embankment", ["垛"] = "pile; battlement; target", ["垝"] = "dilapidated", ["垞"] = "place name", ["垟"] = "clay sheep buried with the dead", ["垠"] = "bank", ["垢"] = "dirt; disgrace", ["垣"] = "wall", ["垤"] = "anthill; mound", ["垮"] = "collapse", ["埂"] = "channel for irrigation", ["埃"] = "dirt; dust; angstrom", ["埆"] = "stony", ["埇"] = "raised path", ["埋"] = "to blame; bury", ["埌"] = "wasteland; wild", ["城"] = "city walls; city; town", ["埏"] = "boundary; to mix water with clay", ["埒"] = "enclosure, dike, embankment", ["埕"] = "earthen jar", ["埜"] = "open country, field; wilderness", ["域"] = "field; region; area; (taxonomy) domain", ["埠"] = "a jetty; port; a city; quay", ["埡"] = "character used in place names", ["埤"] = "low wall", ["埧"] = "diked pond", ["埭"] = "dam", ["埰"] = "allotment to a feudal noble", ["埳"] = "a pit, a hole, a snare, a danger; a crisis; a mortar", ["埴"] = "soil with large clay content", ["埵"] = "solid earth", ["埶"] = "skill; art", ["執"] = "execute (a plan); grasp", ["埸"] = "border", ["培"] = "to cultivate; to earth up", ["基"] = "base; foundation; basic; (chemistry) radical", ["埼"] = "headland", ["埽"] = "broom; dike", ["堀"] = "cave; hole", ["堂"] = "(main) hall; large room", ["堄"] = "[[parapet]]", ["堅"] = "strong; solid; firm; unyielding; resolute", ["堆"] = "a pile; a mass; heap; stack", ["堇"] = "yellow loam; clay; season; few", ["堈"] = "earthen jug, crock, cistern", ["堉"] = "fertile soil", ["堊"] = "to whitewash; to plaster", ["堋"] = "target in archery", ["堌"] = "place name", ["堍"] = "side of bridge", ["堎"] = "mound; tomb", ["堙"] = "bury; mound; to dam; close", ["堝"] = "", ["堞"] = "battlements", ["堠"] = "mounds for beacons", ["堡"] = "earthwork; castle; position of defence; stronghold; character used in place names", ["堤"] = "dike", ["堧"] = "adjoin", ["堨"] = "dam; to stop; check", ["堪"] = "endure", ["堭"] = "a dry moat outside a city wall; a dry ditch", ["堮"] = "a boundary; a border", ["堯"] = "''surname''; emperor Yao", ["堰"] = "weir", ["報"] = "to [[announce]]; to [[inform]]; report; newspaper; to [[repay]]; to recompense; revenge", ["堲"] = "hate", ["堳"] = "low wall", ["場"] = "courtyard; open space; place; field; a measure word; (a measure word, used for sport or recreation)", ["堵"] = "stop up", ["堽"] = "mound", ["堿"] = "alkali; soda", ["塈"] = "to brick a grave; to snuff out", ["塊"] = "piece; chunk; lump; (a measure word, for cloth, cake, soap); (measure word for chunks, lumps); yuan (unit of currency); fast (of a watch); swift; rapid; happy; joyful; soon; quick", ["塋"] = "a grave", ["塌"] = "collapse", ["塍"] = "raised path between fields", ["塏"] = "dry terrain", ["塑"] = "to model (a figure) in clay", ["塒"] = "hen roost", ["塓"] = "to plaster; whitewash (wall)", ["塔"] = "pagoda; tower", ["塕"] = "a gust of wind", ["塗"] = "to smear; daub", ["塘"] = "pond", ["塙"] = "truly", ["塚"] = "mound", ["塝"] = "the edge; border of a field", ["塞"] = "to stuff; to stop up; to squeeze in; strategic pass; piston; unenlightened; Serb (abbrev.); Serbian", ["塢"] = "dock; low wall", ["塤"] = "ancient porcelain wind-instrument", ["塥"] = "dry clay lump", ["填"] = "to fill in", ["塱"] = "raised bank; mud wall", ["塵"] = "dust; dirt; earth", ["塹"] = "moat around a city", ["塼"] = "brick", ["塽"] = "elevated prominent ground", ["塾"] = "private tutorage", ["塿"] = "small mound", ["墀"] = "courtyard", ["墁"] = "to plaster", ["境"] = "border; place; condition; boundary; circumstances; territory", ["墅"] = "villa", ["墈"] = "cliff", ["墉"] = "fortified wall", ["墊"] = "pad; cushion; mat", ["墐"] = "bury; plaster with mud", ["墓"] = "tomb", ["墜"] = "fall", ["墝"] = "stony soil", ["增"] = "to increase; to expand; to add", ["墟"] = "old burial grounds", ["墠"] = "level spot for sacrifices", ["墦"] = "a grave", ["墨"] = "China ink; ink stick; (abbrev.)", ["墩"] = "block; gate pillar; pier", ["墫"] = "goblet; bottle; wine-jar", ["墮"] = "degenerate; fall", ["墳"] = "a grave", ["墺"] = "building-plot", ["墾"] = "reclaim (land)", ["壁"] = "wall; rampart", ["壅"] = "obstruct; stop up", ["壆"] = "stiff, hard clay or rocky strata; crack in a jar", ["壇"] = "altar", ["壈"] = "disappointed", ["壎"] = "ancient porcelain wind-instrument", ["壑"] = "gully", ["壒"] = "dust; mud", ["壓"] = "to crush; to press; to push down; to keep under (control); in the first place", ["壔"] = "column; cylinder", ["壕"] = "air-raid shelter; trench", ["壖"] = "land on water edge or under wall", ["壘"] = "rampart", ["壙"] = "tomb", ["壚"] = "clay; shop", ["壝"] = "a mound, an embankment; the earthen altar to the god of the soil", ["壞"] = "bad; evil; rotten; spoiled", ["壟"] = "monopolize", ["壤"] = "soil; earth", ["壩"] = "dam; dyke; embankment", ["士"] = "scholar; warrior; knight", ["壬"] = "9th [[heavenly stem]]", ["壯"] = "to strengthen; strong; robust", ["壹"] = "one (alternate form of {{lang|zh|一}} used on checks)", ["壺"] = "pot; (a measure word)", ["壼"] = "palace corridor or passageway", ["壽"] = "(long) life", ["壿"] = "goblet; bottle; wine-jar", ["夆"] = "to butt (as horned animals)", ["夌"] = "to dawdle; the name of the father of the Emperor Yao", ["夏"] = "summer; Xia (proper name)", ["夔"] = "one-legged monster; respectful", ["夕"] = "dusk; evening", ["外"] = "outside; in addition; foreign; external", ["夗"] = "to turn over when asleep", ["夙"] = "morning", ["多"] = "many; much; a lot of; numerous; multi-", ["夜"] = "night", ["夠"] = "to reach; to be enough", ["夢"] = "to dream", ["夤"] = "late at night", ["夥"] = "assistant; partner; many; great; numerous", ["大"] = "big; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor", ["天"] = "day; sky; heaven", ["太"] = "too (much); very; extremely; highest; greatest", ["夫"] = "husband; man", ["夬"] = "decisive", ["夭"] = "tender; gentle; to die prematurely", ["央"] = "centre; to implore", ["夯"] = "to carry on the shoulder (forcefully); rammer; to ram; to strike forcefully", ["失"] = "to lose; to miss; to fail", ["夷"] = "safe; to raze; to exterminate; barbarian", ["夸"] = "to boast", ["夾"] = "hold between; clip; lined; narrow lane; folder; to press from both sides; to place in between", ["奄"] = "suddenly; to embrace; castrate; to delay", ["奇"] = "strange; odd; weird; wonderful; odd (Num)", ["奈"] = "how can one help", ["奉"] = "to receive (from superior); to offer; to revere", ["奎"] = "name of constellation; stride", ["奏"] = "present a memorial; to achieve; to play", ["奐"] = "excellent", ["契"] = "contract", ["奓"] = "extravagant", ["奔"] = "go to; towards; to hurry or rush; to run quickly; to elope", ["奕"] = "abundant; graceful", ["套"] = "to cover; covering; case; cover; (a measure word, a set of something); sheath", ["奘"] = "fat; stout; great", ["奚"] = "what; why", ["奜"] = "big", ["奠"] = "libation", ["奡"] = "haughty; vigorous", ["奢"] = "extravagant", ["奧"] = "obscure; mysterious", ["奩"] = "bridal trousseau", ["奪"] = "rob; snatch", ["奭"] = "''surname''; angry", ["奮"] = "exert oneself", ["奰"] = "anger", ["女"] = "female; woman; daughter", ["奴"] = "slave", ["奶"] = "breast; lady; milk", ["奸"] = "traitor", ["她"] = "she", ["好"] = "good; well; be fond of", ["妁"] = "''surname''; matchmaker", ["如"] = "as (if); such as", ["妃"] = "imperial concubine", ["妄"] = "absurd; fantastic", ["妊"] = "be pregnant", ["妍"] = "beautiful", ["妒"] = "jealous", ["妓"] = "prostitute", ["妖"] = "goblin; witch; devil; bewitching; enchanting; monster; phantom", ["妗"] = "wife of mother's brother", ["妙"] = "clever; wonderful", ["妝"] = "adornment; adorn", ["妞"] = "little girl", ["妣"] = "deceased mother", ["妤"] = "handsome; fair", ["妥"] = "secure; sound", ["妨"] = "hinder; harm", ["妮"] = "girl; phonetic \"ni\" (in girl's name)", ["妲"] = "concubine of last Shang emperor", ["妳"] = "you (fem.)", ["妵"] = "(feminine name); beautiful; fair", ["妹"] = "younger sister", ["妺"] = "wife of the last ruler of the Xia dynasty", ["妻"] = "wife; to marry off (a daughter)", ["妾"] = "concubine", ["姁"] = "chatter like old woman; cheerful", ["姅"] = "menstruation", ["姆"] = "governess", ["姊"] = "older sister", ["始"] = "begin", ["姍"] = "deprecate; lithe (of woman's walk)", ["姐"] = "older sister", ["姑"] = "paternal aunt", ["姒"] = "''surname''; wife of older brother", ["姓"] = "surname; family name; name", ["委"] = "give up; indeed; to commission; crooked", ["姘"] = "be a mistress or lover", ["姚"] = "''surname''", ["姜"] = "''surname''", ["姝"] = "pretty woman", ["姞"] = "''surname''", ["姣"] = "cunning; pretty", ["姤"] = "copulate; good", ["姥"] = "governess; old woman; (maternal) grandma", ["姦"] = "adultery", ["姨"] = "one's mother's sister; aunt", ["姪"] = "nephew (of the same surname)", ["姬"] = "''surname''; women", ["姱"] = "fascinating; pretty", ["姺"] = "name of an ancient state", ["姻"] = "marriage connections", ["姽"] = "quiet and nice", ["姿"] = "beauty; disposition; looks; appearance", ["娀"] = "name of an ancient state", ["威"] = "power; might; prestige", ["娃"] = "baby; doll", ["娉"] = "graceful", ["娑"] = "", ["娓"] = "active; comply with", ["娘"] = "mother; young lady", ["娛"] = "amuse", ["娜"] = "elegant; graceful", ["娟"] = "beautiful; graceful", ["娠"] = "pregnant", ["娣"] = "wife of a younger brother", ["娥"] = "good; beautiful", ["娩"] = "complaisant; agreeable; give birth to a child", ["娵"] = "(feminine name); (star)", ["娶"] = "take a wife", ["娸"] = "to ridicule; ugly", ["娼"] = "prostitute", ["婀"] = "graceful; willowy; unstable", ["婁"] = "(star); ''surname''", ["婆"] = "grandmother; matron; mother-in-law", ["婉"] = "graceful; tactful", ["婊"] = "prostitute; bitch", ["婐"] = "maid", ["婕"] = "handsome", ["婚"] = "to marry; marriage; wedding; to take a wife", ["婞"] = "upright", ["婢"] = "slave girl; maid servant", ["婤"] = "(feminine name)", ["婥"] = "weak; delicate", ["婦"] = "woman", ["婧"] = "modest; supple", ["婪"] = "avaricious", ["婬"] = "obscene, licentious, lewd", ["婭"] = "address term between sons-in-law", ["婷"] = "graceful", ["婺"] = "beautiful", ["婼"] = "recalcitrant", ["婿"] = "husband; son-in-law", ["媄"] = "beautiful", ["媊"] = "planet Venus in the morning", ["媒"] = "medium; intermediary; matchmaker; go-between", ["媕"] = "girl in love; undecided", ["媚"] = "flatter; charm", ["媛"] = "a beauty", ["媟"] = "to lust for", ["媢"] = "envious", ["媧"] = "''surname''; sister of Fu2 Xi1", ["媬"] = "governess; nurse", ["媮"] = "improper; irregular", ["媯"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["媲"] = "to match; to pair", ["媳"] = "daughter in law", ["媵"] = "maid escorting bride to new home", ["媸"] = "ugly woman", ["媺"] = "beautiful", ["媻"] = "to move", ["媼"] = "old woman", ["媽"] = "mother; mama", ["媾"] = "to marry; to copulate", ["媿"] = "ashamed", ["嫁"] = "marry (a husband)", ["嫂"] = "older brother's wife; sister-in-law", ["嫄"] = "name of an empress", ["嫈"] = "attentively; carefully", ["嫉"] = "jealousy; be jealous of", ["嫋"] = "delicate; graceful", ["嫌"] = "to dislike; to suspect", ["嫖"] = "visit a prostitute", ["嫗"] = "brood over; old woman; protect", ["嫘"] = "''surname''", ["嫚"] = "''surname''; insult", ["嫜"] = "husband's parent; lady in the moon", ["嫠"] = "widow", ["嫡"] = "first wife; son of first wife", ["嫣"] = "captivating", ["嫩"] = "tender; soft", ["嫪"] = "''surname''; lustful", ["嫫"] = "ugly woman", ["嫵"] = "flatter; to please", ["嫻"] = "elegant; refined", ["嫽"] = "good; smart; to play", ["嫿"] = "tranquil", ["嬃"] = "elder sister", ["嬈"] = "disturbance; graceful", ["嬉"] = "amusement", ["嬋"] = "beautiful; graceful", ["嬌"] = "lovable; pampered; tender; delicate; frail", ["嬔"] = "baby rabbit", ["嬖"] = "(treat as a) favourite", ["嬗"] = "changes and succession", ["嬙"] = "female court officials", ["嬛"] = "clever; pretty; place where supreme bestows books", ["嬝"] = "delicate; graceful", ["嬤"] = "ma; mamma", ["嬪"] = "imperial concubine", ["嬬"] = "mistress, concubine; weak", ["嬭"] = "breast; lady; milk", ["嬰"] = "infant; baby", ["嬲"] = "tease; disturb", ["嬴"] = "full; profit; win", ["嬸"] = "wife of father's younger brother", ["嬾"] = "lazy", ["嬿"] = "lovely", ["孀"] = "widow", ["孃"] = "mother; troubled", ["孅"] = "cunning; slender", ["孌"] = "beautiful", ["子"] = "ᠵᡠᡳ", ["孑"] = "alone; mosquito larvae; small", ["孓"] = "larvae of mosquito", ["孔"] = "hole; ''surname''", ["孕"] = "pregnant", ["孖"] = "twins", ["字"] = "letter; symbol; character; word", ["存"] = "exist; deposit; store; keep; survive", ["孚"] = "trust", ["孛"] = "comet", ["孜"] = "hard-working; industrious", ["孝"] = "filial", ["孟"] = "first month; eldest brother; ''surname''", ["孢"] = "spore", ["季"] = "season; period", ["孤"] = "lone; lonely", ["孥"] = "ᠵᡠᡳ", ["孩"] = "ᠵᡠᡳ", ["孫"] = "grandson", ["孰"] = "who; which; what", ["孱"] = "coward; weak; dodger", ["孳"] = "industrious; produce; bear", ["孵"] = "hatch", ["學"] = "learn; study; science; -ology", ["孺"] = "ᠵᡠᡳ", ["孻"] = "last", ["孽"] = "consequence of sin", ["孿"] = "twins", ["它"] = "it (used for things)", ["宄"] = "traitor", ["宅"] = "residence", ["宇"] = "room; universe", ["守"] = "to guard", ["安"] = "content; calm; still; quiet; to pacify; peace; how", ["宋"] = "''surname''; name of a dynasty", ["完"] = "to finish; to be over; whole; complete; entire", ["宏"] = "spacious", ["宓"] = "still; silent", ["宕"] = "dissipated; put off", ["宗"] = "school; sect; purpose; model; ancestor; family", ["官"] = "official; government; organ of body", ["宙"] = "universe", ["定"] = "to set; to fix; to determine; to decide; to stabilize; to order", ["宛"] = "similar; winding", ["宜"] = "proper; should; suitable; appropriate", ["客"] = "customer; visitor; guest", ["宣"] = "to declare (publicly); to announce", ["室"] = "room", ["宥"] = "forgive; help; profound", ["宦"] = "an official", ["宧"] = "northeastern corner of a room", ["宬"] = "library stack; storage", ["宮"] = "palace; uterus", ["宰"] = "slaughter; butcher; govern; rule; official", ["害"] = "to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity", ["宴"] = "feast; repose", ["宵"] = "night", ["家"] = "home; family; -ist; -er; -ian; measure word for stores and schools", ["宸"] = "imperial apartments", ["容"] = "to hold; to contain; to allow; appearance; look; countenance", ["宿"] = "(a) night; constellation; lodge for the night; old; former", ["寀"] = "feudal estate", ["寁"] = "swift", ["寂"] = "lonesome", ["寄"] = "lodge at; to mail; to send; to entrust; to depend", ["寅"] = "3rd [[earthly branch]]; 3–5 a.m.", ["密"] = "secret; confidential; close; thick; dense", ["寇"] = "bandit", ["富"] = "rich; abundant; to enrich; resource", ["寎"] = "nightmare; start in sleep", ["寐"] = "sleep soundly", ["寒"] = "cold; poor; to tremble", ["寓"] = "reside; residence", ["寔"] = "really; solid", ["寖"] = "immerse; soak", ["寘"] = "put aside, put down; discard", ["寙"] = "bad; useless; weak", ["寞"] = "lonesome", ["察"] = "examine; inquire; observe; inspect; look into; to examine", ["寠"] = "poor; rustic", ["寡"] = "few; widowed", ["寢"] = "lie down", ["寤"] = "awake from sleep", ["寥"] = "empty; lonesome; very few", ["實"] = "real; true; honest; really; solid", ["寧"] = "peaceful; rather; Ningxia (abbrev.)", ["寨"] = "stronghold; stockade", ["審"] = "to examine; to investigate; carefully; to try (in court)", ["寪"] = "''surname''", ["寫"] = "to write", ["寬"] = "lenient; wide; broad", ["寮"] = "Laos; fellow-official; hut", ["寰"] = "large domain", ["寵"] = "to love; to pamper; to spoil; to favour", ["寶"] = "a jewel or gem; a treasure; precious", ["寸"] = "a unit of length", ["寺"] = "Buddhist temple", ["封"] = "to confer; to grant; to seal; (a measure word)", ["尃"] = "to state to, to announce", ["射"] = "radio- (chem.); shoot", ["將"] = "a general; (will, shall, \"future tense\"); ready; prepared; to get; to use", ["專"] = "for a particular person, occasion, purpose; focused on one thing; special; expert; particular (to something); concentrated; specialized", ["尉"] = "milit. official; to quiet", ["尊"] = "to honour", ["尋"] = "to search; to look for; to seek", ["對"] = "couple; pair; to be opposite; to oppose; to face; for; to; correct (answer); to answer; to reply; to direct (towards something); right", ["導"] = "to transmit; to lead; to guide; to conduct; to direct", ["小"] = "small; tiny; few; young", ["少"] = "young; few; little; lack", ["尒"] = "thou", ["尕"] = "''phonetic''", ["尖"] = "point (of needle); sharp; shrewd; pointed", ["尚"] = "still; yet; to value; to esteem", ["尟"] = "few; rare", ["尢"] = "lame", ["尤"] = "outstanding; particularly; especially", ["尨"] = "shaggy dog; striped", ["尪"] = "feeble; lame", ["尬"] = "in an embarrassing situation", ["尰"] = "swell", ["就"] = "at once; then; right away; only; (emphasis); to approach; to move towards; to undertake", ["尸"] = "corpse", ["尹"] = "to rule; ''surname''", ["尺"] = "a Chinese foot (M); one-third of a metre; a ruler; a note musical note on traditional Chinese scale", ["尻"] = "end of spine", ["尼"] = "Buddhist nun; (often used in phonetic spellings)", ["尾"] = "tail", ["尿"] = "urinate; urine", ["局"] = "situation; office; (a measure word used for games) set or round office", ["屁"] = "to break wind; to fart", ["屄"] = "''a vulgar reference of vulva''; cunt", ["居"] = "reside", ["屆"] = "arrive at (place or time); period; to become due; measure words for events (e.g., meetings, elections)", ["屇"] = "cave; hole", ["屈"] = "bent; feel wronged", ["屋"] = "house; room", ["屌"] = "penis; to fuck", ["屍"] = "corpse", ["屎"] = "stool; faeces", ["屏"] = "(standing) screen; get rid of; put aside; reject; keep control; hold back", ["屐"] = "clogs", ["屑"] = "crumbs; filings; worth while", ["展"] = "to spread out; to postpone; to unfold; to use", ["屘"] = "the youngest", ["屙"] = "defecate", ["屜"] = "drawer; tier; tray", ["屝"] = "coarse; sandals", ["屠"] = "slaughter; slaughter man", ["屢"] = "time and again", ["屣"] = "slippers", ["層"] = "layer; floor; a measure word for layers; laminated; repeated; story (of a building); (maths) sheaf", ["履"] = "shoe; to tread on", ["屧"] = "wooden shoes", ["屨"] = "sandals", ["屩"] = "hemp sandals", ["屪"] = "penis", ["屬"] = "belong to; category; be subordinate to; (taxonomy) genus; be born in the year of (one of the 12 animals); family members; dependants; join together; fix one's attention on; concentrate on", ["屭"] = "gigantic strength", ["屮"] = "plants sprouting", ["屯"] = "to store up; to station (soldiers); difficult; stingy", ["山"] = "mountain; hill", ["屴"] = "high mountain range", ["屹"] = "high and steep", ["屺"] = "hill without trees", ["屼"] = "bare hill", ["岊"] = "mountain peak", ["岌"] = "lofty peak; perilous", ["岍"] = "name of a mountain", ["岐"] = "divergent; side road; steep", ["岑"] = "a small hill; ''surname''", ["岔"] = "branch in a road; astray; diverge", ["岝"] = "name of a mountain in Shandong", ["岡"] = "ridge; mound", ["岣"] = "name of a hill in Hunan", ["岧"] = "lofty peak", ["岨"] = "rocky hill", ["岩"] = "cliff; rock", ["岫"] = "cave; mountain peak", ["岬"] = "cape (geog.)", ["岱"] = "name of a mountain in Shandong", ["岳"] = "mountain; wife's father", ["岵"] = "wooded hill", ["岷"] = "name of a river in Sichuan", ["岸"] = "bank; shore; beach; coast", ["峇"] = "cave, cavern", ["峋"] = "ranges of hills", ["峒"] = "name of a mountain", ["峓"] = "place name", ["峙"] = "peak; to store", ["峞"] = "high and uneven", ["峨"] = "lofty; name of a mountain", ["峪"] = "valley", ["峭"] = "steep hill", ["峰"] = "peak; summit", ["峱"] = "name of a mountain", ["峴"] = "steep hill", ["島"] = "island", ["峹"] = "name of a mountain", ["峻"] = "steep", ["峽"] = "gorge", ["峿"] = "name of a mountain", ["崀"] = "place name in Hunan province", ["崆"] = "name of a mountain", ["崇"] = "high; dignified; lofty; to honour", ["崌"] = "mountain name", ["崍"] = "name of a mountain in Sichuan", ["崎"] = "mountainous", ["崑"] = "Kunlun mountains", ["崒"] = "rocky peaks; lofty and dangerous", ["崔"] = "high mountain; precipitous", ["崖"] = "precipice", ["崗"] = "mound; policeman's beat", ["崙"] = "Kunlun mountains", ["崚"] = "lofty (as of mountain)", ["崛"] = "towering as a peak", ["崞"] = "name of a mountain", ["崟"] = "high; rugged mountains; steep", ["崠"] = "place name in Guangxi province", ["崢"] = "excel; lofty", ["崤"] = "mountain in Henan", ["崦"] = "name of a mountain in Gansu", ["崧"] = "lofty; name of a mountain in Henan", ["崩"] = "collapse; fall into ruins", ["崮"] = "(element in mountain names)", ["崱"] = "lofty", ["崳"] = "county in Shandong province", ["崴"] = "high, lofty; precipitous", ["崶"] = "name of a legendary hill", ["崽"] = "young of animals", ["崿"] = "cliff; precipice", ["嵂"] = "rise sharply; to tower", ["嵇"] = "''surname''; name of a mountain", ["嵊"] = "name of a district in Zhejiang", ["嵌"] = "deep valley; inlay", ["嵎"] = "mountain range", ["嵐"] = "mountain mist", ["嵒"] = "cliff", ["嵙"] = "place name", ["嵩"] = "lofty; name of a mountain in Henan", ["嵫"] = "name of a mountain in Gansu", ["嵬"] = "rocky", ["嵯"] = "lofty (as of mountain)", ["嵼"] = "winding mountain path", ["嵾"] = "uneven; not uniform", ["嶁"] = "mountain peak", ["嶂"] = "cliff; range of peaks", ["嶄"] = "precipitous peak", ["嶇"] = "rugged", ["嶒"] = "lofty; precipitous", ["嶓"] = "name of a mountain", ["嶔"] = "loftiness (of mountain)", ["嶗"] = "name of a mountain in Shandong", ["嶙"] = "ranges of hills", ["嶝"] = "path leading up a mountain", ["嶞"] = "mountain peak", ["嶠"] = "highest peak", ["嶡"] = "sacrificial vessel; precipitous; mountainous", ["嶢"] = "high; steep; to tower", ["嶧"] = "name of hills in Shandong", ["嶨"] = "big rocky mountain", ["嶭"] = "elevated, lofty", ["嶮"] = "precipitous; rugged", ["嶰"] = "mountain valley", ["嶲"] = "a name of an old town in Sichuan; cuckoo; revolution of a wheel", ["嶴"] = "place name", ["嶷"] = "name of a mountain in Hunan", ["嶺"] = "mountain range", ["嶼"] = "islet", ["嶽"] = "mountain", ["巂"] = "place name in Sichuan", ["巃"] = "steep; precipitous (of mountain)", ["巇"] = "mountain-gorge; ravine", ["巉"] = "cliff", ["巋"] = "high and mighty (of mountain); hilly", ["巍"] = "high; lofty; towering; majestic", ["巒"] = "mountain ranges", ["巔"] = "summit", ["巖"] = "cliff", ["巘"] = "peak of mountain", ["川"] = "river; creek; plain; an area of level country; Sichuan province (abbrev.)", ["州"] = "province; prefecture; state; county", ["巟"] = "a watery waste; to reach", ["巡"] = "to patrol; to make one's rounds", ["巢"] = "nest", ["工"] = "work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labour", ["左"] = "left", ["巧"] = "opportunely; coincidentally; as it happens; skilful; timely", ["巨"] = "very large; huge; tremendous; gigantic", ["巫"] = "witch; Malay", ["差"] = "differ from; short of; to lack; poor; send; a messenger; a mission; to commission; uneven; difference; discrepancy; to differ; error; to err; to make a mistake", ["巰"] = "hydrosulfuryl", ["己"] = "6th [[heavenly stem]]; self", ["已"] = "already; to stop; then; afterwards", ["巳"] = "6th [[earthly branch]]; 9–11 a.m.", ["巴"] = "(suff. for certain nouns); to hope; to wish; Palestinian, Palestine (abbrev.); Pakistan (abbrev.); Pascal (unit of pressure)", ["巷"] = "lane; alley", ["巹"] = "nuptial wine cup", ["巽"] = "a sign in the trigram; obey", ["巾"] = "towel", ["巿"] = "revolve, make circuit, turn", ["市"] = "market; city", ["布"] = "to declare; to announce; to spread; to make known; spread; (cotton) cloth", ["帆"] = "sail", ["希"] = "to hope; rare; infrequent", ["帑"] = "treasury", ["帔"] = "cape", ["帕"] = "handkerchief", ["帖"] = "invitation card; notice; rubbing from incised inscription; fit snugly", ["帗"] = "object held by dancer", ["帘"] = "wine shop sign", ["帙"] = "book cover", ["帚"] = "broom", ["帛"] = "silk", ["帝"] = "emperor", ["帟"] = "canopy", ["帡"] = "shelter, screen, awning", ["帣"] = "a bag which holds 30 pecks", ["帥"] = "commander in chief; handsome; graceful; smart", ["帨"] = "handkerchief", ["師"] = "a division (milit.); teacher; master; expert; model", ["席"] = "banquet; woven mat; seat; place", ["帳"] = "account; mosquito net; tent; curtain; debt; credit", ["帶"] = "band; belt; girdle; ribbon; area; zone; region; wear; carry; lead; bring; consists of; show; and", ["帷"] = "curtain; screen", ["常"] = "always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant", ["帽"] = "hat; cap", ["幀"] = "frame; one of a pair (scrolls); picture", ["幃"] = "curtain; women's apartment; tent", ["幄"] = "tent", ["幅"] = "(measure word for textile or picture); width; roll", ["幋"] = "large scarf", ["幌"] = "advertising sign", ["幔"] = "curtain", ["幕"] = "stage curtain; tent", ["幗"] = "cap worn by women; feminine", ["幘"] = "conical cap", ["幙"] = "a curtain, a screen", ["幛"] = "hanging scroll", ["幟"] = "flag", ["幠"] = "arrogant; rude; to cover", ["幡"] = "banner", ["幢"] = "(measure word for houses); tents", ["幣"] = "money; coins; currency", ["幦"] = "chariot canopy", ["幨"] = "curtain in carriage; screen", ["幩"] = "ornamental tassel on bridle", ["幪"] = "cover", ["幫"] = "to assist; to support; to help; group; gang; party", ["幬"] = "canopy; curtain", ["幭"] = "carriage cover", ["幯"] = "wipe", ["幰"] = "curtain at front of carriage", ["干"] = "to concern; to interfere; shield; stem", ["平"] = "flat; level; equal; to make the same score; to tie; to draw; calm; peaceful", ["年"] = "year", ["幵"] = "even level. to raise in both hands", ["并"] = "and; also; together with", ["幸"] = "fortunate; lucky", ["幹"] = "main part of something; to manage; to work; to do; capable; tree trunk; to kill (slang)", ["幻"] = "fantasy", ["幼"] = "young", ["幽"] = "quiet; secluded", ["幾"] = "how much; how many; several; a few; almost", ["庀"] = "prepare", ["庄"] = "farm; village", ["庇"] = "to protect; cover; shelter; hide or harbour", ["庈"] = "(person)", ["庉"] = "a village; to dwell together", ["床"] = "bed; couch; (a measure word)", ["庋"] = "a cupboard or pantry to store", ["序"] = "order; sequence; preface", ["底"] = "background; bottom; base; (possessive part.); (subor. part.)", ["庖"] = "kitchen", ["店"] = "inn; shop; store", ["庚"] = "7th [[heavenly stem]]; age", ["府"] = "prefecture; mansion", ["庠"] = "asylum for the aged; school", ["庤"] = "prepare", ["庥"] = "protection; shade", ["度"] = "capacity; degree; standard", ["座"] = "seat; base; stand; measure word for large, solid things", ["庫"] = "warehouse; storehouse", ["庬"] = "huge", ["庭"] = "court; courtyard", ["庳"] = "low-built house", ["庴"] = "place name", ["庵"] = "hut; Buddhist convent; small Buddhist temple", ["庶"] = "ordinary", ["康"] = "peaceful; spongy (of radishes)", ["庸"] = "ordinary; to use", ["庹"] = "length of 2 outstretched arms", ["庾"] = "''surname''; name of a mountain", ["廁"] = "rest-room; toilet; lavatory", ["廂"] = "box (in theatre); side room", ["廄"] = "a stable", ["廆"] = "a room; the wall of a house; a man's name", ["廈"] = "tall building", ["廉"] = "uncorrupt; inexpensive", ["廊"] = "porch", ["廋"] = "to search; be concealed", ["廎"] = "room; small hall", ["廑"] = "careful; hut", ["廒"] = "granary", ["廓"] = "big; empty; open", ["廕"] = "shade", ["廖"] = "''surname''", ["廚"] = "kitchen", ["廛"] = "market place", ["廝"] = "servant", ["廞"] = "to prepare horses and chariots for battle", ["廟"] = "temple; monastery", ["廠"] = "factory; yard; depot; workhouse; works; (industrial) plant", ["廡"] = "veranda", ["廢"] = "abolish; crippled", ["廣"] = "wide; numerous; to spread", ["廧"] = "wall", ["廨"] = "office", ["廩"] = "government granary", ["廬"] = "hut", ["廱"] = "harmonious", ["廳"] = "(reception) hall; office", ["延"] = "to prolong; to extend; to delay", ["廷"] = "palace courtyard", ["建"] = "to establish; to found; to set up; to build; to construct", ["廾"] = "hands joined", ["廿"] = "twenty", ["弁"] = "cap", ["异"] = "(interj.); raise; to stop", ["弄"] = "to do; to manage; to handle; to play with; to fool with; to mess with; to fix; to toy with; lane; alley", ["弇"] = "to cover; trap", ["弈"] = "Chinese chess game", ["弊"] = "detriment; fraud; harm; defeat", ["弋"] = "to shoot", ["式"] = "type; form; pattern; style", ["弒"] = "murder a superior", ["弓"] = "a bow (weapon)", ["弔"] = "condole with; hang", ["引"] = "to lead; to divert (water); to guide", ["弗"] = "not", ["弘"] = "great; liberal", ["弛"] = "unstring a bow; slacken; relax; loosen", ["弝"] = "the part of a bow grasped when shooting", ["弟"] = "younger brother", ["弢"] = "bow case; to cover", ["弣"] = "handle of bow", ["弤"] = "carved bow", ["弦"] = "bow string; string of mus. instr.", ["弧"] = "arc", ["弨"] = "unbent bow", ["弩"] = "cross-bow", ["弭"] = "to stop; repress", ["弮"] = "a crossbow which discharged several bolts in succession", ["弰"] = "ends of a bow", ["弱"] = "weak; feeble; young; inferior", ["弳"] = "circular measure", ["張"] = "(a measure word); ''surname''; open up", ["強"] = "strength; force; power; powerful; better", ["弸"] = "full; stretch", ["弼"] = "assist", ["彀"] = "enough", ["彄"] = "nock at end of bow; stretch", ["彆"] = "contrary; difficult; awkward", ["彈"] = "bullet; shot; ball; to play (a stringed instrument); to pluck a string; impeach", ["彊"] = "strong; superior; compel; wilful", ["彌"] = "full; to fill", ["彎"] = "bend; bent", ["彔"] = "to carve wood", ["彖"] = "hog; to judge", ["彗"] = "comet", ["彘"] = "swine", ["彙"] = "class; collection", ["彝"] = "normal nature of man; rule", ["形"] = "to appear; to look; form; shape", ["彤"] = "red", ["彥"] = "accomplished; elegant", ["彧"] = "accomplished; elegant", ["彩"] = "(bright) colour; variety; applause; applaud; (lottery) prize", ["彪"] = "a tiger-cat; stripes; streaks; veins", ["彫"] = "engrave", ["彬"] = "ornamental; refined", ["彭"] = "''surname''", ["彰"] = "manifest", ["影"] = "picture; image; reflection; shadow", ["彳"] = "step with left foot", ["彴"] = "bridge", ["彸"] = "restless, agitated", ["役"] = "service", ["彼"] = "that; those; (one) another)", ["彽"] = "go to and fro", ["往"] = "toward; (of a train) bound for; to go (in a direction); past; previous; towards", ["征"] = "attack; levy (troops or taxes); journey; trip; expedition", ["徂"] = "to go; to reach", ["待"] = "wait; treat; deal with; need; about; intending to do something; stay; delay", ["徇"] = "follow; quick", ["很"] = "very; rather; quite", ["律"] = "law", ["後"] = "back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later", ["徐"] = "slow; gentle; ''surname''", ["徑"] = "path", ["徒"] = "apprentice; disciple", ["得"] = "get; obtain; gain; proper; suitable; proud; contented; allow; permit; ready; finished; a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect; degree or possibility; to have to; must; ought to; to need to", ["徙"] = "change one's residence", ["從"] = "from; obey; observe; follow; second cousin; lax; yielding; unhurried", ["徠"] = "to come", ["御"] = "defend; imperial; to drive", ["復"] = "again; recover; reply to a letter; to repeat; to duplicate", ["循"] = "to follow; to adhere to; to abide by", ["徬"] = "irresolute", ["徭"] = "compulsory service", ["微"] = "tiny; minute; clandestine; hide; elegant; exquisite", ["徯"] = "footpath; wait for", ["徵"] = "note in Chinese musical scale; levy (troops or taxes)", ["德"] = "Germany; virtue; goodness; morality; ethics; kindness; favour; character; kind", ["徹"] = "pervade; penetrate; pass through; thorough; penetrating", ["徻"] = "a wide room", ["徼"] = "boundary; go around; by mere luck", ["徽"] = "insignia", ["忀"] = "to stroll; to ramble", ["心"] = "heart; mind", ["必"] = "certainly; must; will; necessarily", ["忉"] = "grieved", ["忌"] = "avoid as taboo; jealous", ["忍"] = "to bear; to endure; to tolerate", ["忒"] = "excessive; to change", ["忖"] = "ponder; consider; guess", ["志"] = "the will", ["忘"] = "to forget; to overlook; to neglect", ["忙"] = "busy", ["忝"] = "to shame", ["忠"] = "loyal", ["忡"] = "grieved; distressed; sad; uneasy", ["忤"] = "disobedient; unfilial", ["忪"] = "restless; agitated", ["快"] = "fast; quick; swift", ["忭"] = "delighted; pleased", ["忮"] = "aggressive", ["忱"] = "sincerity; honesty", ["念"] = "to miss; to think of; to read; to study (a subject); to attend (a school); to read aloud; idea; remembrance; twenty", ["忸"] = "accustomed to; blush; be shy", ["忻"] = "happy", ["忽"] = "suddenly", ["忿"] = "vehement", ["怍"] = "ashamed", ["怎"] = "how", ["怏"] = "discontented", ["怒"] = "indignant", ["怔"] = "be startled", ["怕"] = "to be afraid; to fear", ["怖"] = "terror; terrified; afraid; frightened", ["怗"] = "peaceful; quiet", ["怙"] = "presume", ["怚"] = "dull, stupid, suspicious", ["怛"] = "distressed; alarmed; shocked; grieved", ["思"] = "to think; to consider", ["怞"] = "to grieve; sorrowful", ["怠"] = "idle; lazy; negligent; careless", ["怡"] = "harmony; pleased", ["急"] = "hurried; worried", ["怦"] = "impulsive", ["性"] = "sex; nature; suffix corresponding to -ness or -ity", ["怨"] = "blame; complain", ["怩"] = "shy, timid, bashful; look ashamed", ["怪"] = "queer; to blame", ["怫"] = "anxious; anger", ["怭"] = "frivolous; rude", ["怯"] = "afraid; rustic", ["怲"] = "sad; mournful", ["怳"] = "disappointed; flurried; indistinct", ["怵"] = "fearful; timid; to fear", ["怹"] = "a polite version of he", ["恁"] = "that, like this, thus, so, such", ["恂"] = "sincere", ["恃"] = "rely upon", ["恆"] = "permanent", ["恇"] = "to fear; apprehensive", ["恉"] = "purport", ["恌"] = "frivolous", ["恍"] = "disappointed; flurried; indistinct", ["恐"] = "afraid; frightened; to fear", ["恓"] = "troubled; vexed", ["恔"] = "cheerful", ["恕"] = "forgive", ["恙"] = "sickness", ["恚"] = "rage", ["恛"] = "disordered; indistinct doubtful; blurred", ["恝"] = "indifferent", ["恟"] = "scared, nervous", ["恢"] = "to restore; to recover; great", ["恣"] = "throw off restraint", ["恤"] = "give relief; sympathy", ["恥"] = "shame; disgrace", ["恧"] = "ashamed", ["恨"] = "to hate; regret", ["恩"] = "kind act (from above)", ["恪"] = "''surname''; respectful", ["恫"] = "frighten", ["恬"] = "quiet, calm, tranquil, peaceful", ["恭"] = "respectful", ["息"] = "rest; news; interest; breath", ["恰"] = "exactly; just", ["恿"] = "", ["悁"] = "impatient; angry; sad", ["悃"] = "sincere", ["悄"] = "quiet; sad", ["悅"] = "pleased", ["悆"] = "happy", ["悉"] = "in all cases; know", ["悊"] = "wise. to know intuitively", ["悌"] = "do one's duty as a younger brother", ["悍"] = "violent", ["悐"] = "respect, regard; to stand in awe of, to be alarmed", ["悒"] = "anxiety; worry", ["悔"] = "regret", ["悖"] = "perverse; rebellious; to rebel", ["悚"] = "frightened", ["悛"] = "to reform", ["悜"] = "obscure", ["悝"] = "sad; laugh at", ["悟"] = "comprehend", ["悠"] = "at ease; long (in time); sad", ["患"] = "misfortune; suffer (from illness); trouble; danger; worry; to contract (a disease)", ["您"] = "(''polite'') you", ["悰"] = "joy", ["悱"] = "want but cannot speak", ["悲"] = "sad; sadness; sorrow; grief", ["悴"] = "haggard; sad; downcast; distressed", ["悵"] = "regretful; upset; despair; depressed", ["悶"] = "melancholy; smother; stuffy", ["悸"] = "afraid", ["悻"] = "angry", ["悼"] = "mourn; lament", ["悽"] = "sorrowful", ["悾"] = "simple-minded; sincere", ["惄"] = "distressed; famished", ["情"] = "feeling; emotion; passion; situation", ["惆"] = "forlorn; vexed; disappointed", ["惇"] = "kindhearted", ["惋"] = "regret, be sorry; alarmed", ["惌"] = "to bear a grudge against", ["惎"] = "injure; vilify", ["惏"] = "avaricious; greedy", ["惑"] = "confuse", ["惓"] = "earnest", ["惔"] = "cheerful", ["惕"] = "fearful; respectful", ["惘"] = "desolate", ["惙"] = "mournful; uncertain", ["惚"] = "indistinct", ["惛"] = "confused; forgetful; silly", ["惜"] = "pity; regret; rue; begrudge", ["惝"] = "disappointed", ["惟"] = "only; think", ["惠"] = "favour; kind act (from above)", ["惡"] = "evil; to hate; to loathe; nauseated", ["惦"] = "think of; remember; miss", ["惰"] = "lazy", ["惱"] = "get mad", ["惲"] = "''surname''", ["想"] = "to think; to believe; to suppose; to wish; to want; to miss", ["惴"] = "anxious; worried", ["惶"] = "frightened", ["惷"] = "blunt; stupid; to wiggle (of worms)", ["惸"] = "alone; desolate", ["惹"] = "to provoke; to exasperate; to annoy", ["惺"] = "tranquil; understand", ["惻"] = "sorrowful", ["愀"] = "change countenance; worry", ["愁"] = "worry about", ["愃"] = "well-being", ["愆"] = "fault; transgression", ["愈"] = "heal; the more...the more; to recover; better", ["愉"] = "pleased", ["愊"] = "melancholy; sincere", ["愍"] = "pity; sympathize", ["愎"] = "perverse; obstinate", ["意"] = "idea; meaning; wish; desire; Italy (abbrev.)", ["愐"] = "shy", ["愒"] = "to desire", ["愓"] = "profligate", ["愔"] = "peaceful; solemn", ["愕"] = "startled", ["愚"] = "stupid", ["愛"] = "to love; affection; to be fond of; to like", ["愜"] = "cheerful; satisfied", ["感"] = "to feel; to move; to touch; to affect", ["愣"] = "to look distracted; to stare blankly; distracted; stupefied; blank", ["愧"] = "ashamed", ["愨"] = "honest", ["愫"] = "guileless; sincere", ["愬"] = "complain; sue; tell", ["愮"] = "distressed, agitated", ["愴"] = "mournful; sad; grieved; sorry", ["愷"] = "joyful; kind", ["愾"] = "anger", ["愿"] = "sincere; willing", ["慁"] = "confused; dishonour", ["慄"] = "afraid; trembling", ["慅"] = "agitated", ["慆"] = "rejoice", ["慇"] = "solicitous", ["慈"] = "compassionate; gentle; merciful; kind; humane", ["慉"] = "to foster; to bear", ["慊"] = "contented; dissatisfied", ["態"] = "appearance; state; attitude; (''linguistics'') voice", ["慌"] = "to get panicky; to lose one's head", ["慍"] = "indignant; feel hurt", ["慎"] = "cautious", ["慕"] = "admire", ["慘"] = "miserable; wretched; cruel; inhuman; seriously; badly; tragic", ["慚"] = "ashamed", ["慝"] = "evil thought", ["慟"] = "grief", ["慢"] = "slow", ["慣"] = "accustomed to; used to", ["慥"] = "sincere", ["慧"] = "intelligent", ["慨"] = "generous; sad", ["慪"] = "annoyed", ["慫"] = "arouse", ["慬"] = "brave; cautious; sad", ["慮"] = "anxiety", ["慰"] = "reassure", ["慱"] = "sad", ["慳"] = "stingy", ["慴"] = "terrified", ["慵"] = "careless", ["慶"] = "celebrate", ["慷"] = "generous; magnanimous", ["慼"] = "ashamed; grief", ["慾"] = "desire; wish", ["憀"] = "to rely on", ["憂"] = "worried", ["憃"] = "foolish, stupid, dull, silly", ["憊"] = "exhausted", ["憋"] = "hold in (urine); to hold (breath); to choke; stifle; restrain; hold back", ["憍"] = "arrogant", ["憎"] = "detest", ["憐"] = "to pity", ["憑"] = "lean against; proof; to rely on; to depend on; to be based on", ["憒"] = "confused; troubled", ["憔"] = "haggard", ["憖"] = "injured; moreover; preferably", ["憚"] = "dread; fear; dislike", ["憝"] = "dislike; hate", ["憤"] = "indignant; anger; resentment", ["憧"] = "irresolute; unsettled", ["憨"] = "silly; simple-minded", ["憩"] = "to rest", ["憪"] = "composed, contented", ["憫"] = "sympathize; to pity", ["憬"] = "awaken", ["憭"] = "clear; intelligible; severe; cold", ["憮"] = "disappointed; startled", ["憯"] = "already; sorrowful", ["憲"] = "statute; constitution", ["憶"] = "remember", ["憸"] = "artful; flattering", ["憺"] = "peace", ["憾"] = "regret", ["懂"] = "to understand; to know", ["懃"] = "solicitous; thoughtful", ["懅"] = "bashful; ashamed", ["懆"] = "anxious; sad", ["懇"] = "earnest", ["懈"] = "lax; negligent", ["應"] = "to answer; to respond; ought", ["懊"] = "to regret", ["懋"] = "be great; exert the mind", ["懌"] = "pleased; rejoice", ["懍"] = "fear", ["懟"] = "dislike; hate", ["懠"] = "angry", ["懣"] = "melancholy", ["懤"] = "grieved, pained", ["懥"] = "enraged", ["懦"] = "imbecile; timid", ["懨"] = "contented; peaceful", ["懫"] = "enraged; resentful; to hate; to desist", ["懮"] = "grievous; relaxed", ["懰"] = "lovely; beautiful", ["懲"] = "punish; discipline", ["懵"] = "stupid", ["懶"] = "lazy", ["懷"] = "to think of; to cherish; mind; heart; bosom", ["懸"] = "hang; suspend", ["懺"] = "feel remorse; regret; repent", ["懼"] = "to fear", ["懽"] = "pleased", ["懾"] = "afraid; be feared; to fear; to frighten; to intimidate", ["懿"] = "restrain; virtuous", ["戀"] = "feel attached to; long for; love", ["戁"] = "stand in awe", ["戄"] = "fear; be in awe; sudden glance", ["戇"] = "simple; stupid", ["戈"] = "spear", ["戊"] = "5th [[heavenly stem]]", ["戌"] = "11th [[earthly branch]]; 7–9 p.m.", ["戍"] = "garrison", ["戎"] = "weapon", ["成"] = "finish; complete; accomplish; become; turn into; win; succeed; one tenth", ["我"] = "I; me", ["戒"] = "swear off; warn against", ["戔"] = "narrow; small", ["或"] = "maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or", ["戚"] = "get close to; relative; sorrow; battle-axe", ["戛"] = "a lance; standing alone", ["戟"] = "a lance with two points", ["戠"] = "a sword. potter's clay. to gather", ["戡"] = "kill; suppress", ["戢"] = "collect oneself; put away", ["戣"] = "a lance", ["戤"] = "infringe upon a trade mark", ["戥"] = "small steelyard for weighing money", ["戩"] = "carry to the utmost; to cut", ["截"] = "a section; cut off (a length)", ["戭"] = "spear", ["戮"] = "kill", ["戰"] = "to fight; fight; war; battle", ["戲"] = "trick; drama; play; show", ["戳"] = "poke; pierce; prick; wooden or rubber stamp or seal", ["戴"] = "to put on; to respect; to bear; to support; wear (glasses, hat, gloves)", ["戶"] = "a household; door; family", ["戺"] = "door pivot", ["戽"] = "water bucket for irrigation", ["戾"] = "do violence; go against", ["房"] = "house", ["所"] = "actually; place; (''nominalization prefix'')", ["扁"] = "flat; tablet; inscription; small boat", ["扃"] = "shut", ["扆"] = "''surname''; screen", ["扇"] = "fan; to fan; (a measure word for doors, windows, etc.)", ["扈"] = "retinue", ["扉"] = "door with only one leaf", ["扊"] = "upright bar for fastening a door", ["手"] = "hand; convenient; -er", ["才"] = "ability; talent; endowment; gift; an expert; only (then); only if; just", ["扎"] = "to prick; to run or stick (a needle, etc.) into; penetrating (as of cold); struggle; to tie; to bind", ["扐"] = "divination by straw", ["扑"] = "to rush at; to throw oneself on", ["扒"] = "climb; crawl; snatch; pull (out); to strip; hold on to; cling to; dig up; rake; push aside", ["打"] = "beat; strike; break; mix up; build; fight; fetch; make; tie up; issue; shoot; calculate; since; from; dozen", ["扔"] = "throw", ["托"] = "to hold in one's hand; to entrust; to support in one's palm", ["扛"] = "carry on one's shoulder; lift overhead with both hands", ["扞"] = "ward off, withstand, resist", ["扠"] = "to fork", ["扡"] = "drag along", ["扢"] = "sprightful; clean; to rub", ["扣"] = "10 percent; button; detain", ["扤"] = "to move; sway", ["扦"] = "graft (tree); stick in", ["扭"] = "to turn; to twist; to grab; to wring", ["扮"] = "to disguise oneself; to dress up; adorn", ["扯"] = "pull; tear; to talk casually", ["扱"] = "collect; receive", ["扳"] = "climb up; pull; to pull or draw (up or out)", ["扶"] = "to support with hand; to help someone up; to help", ["批"] = "to ascertain; (measure word for batches, lots); to act on; to criticize; to pass on", ["扻"] = "to strike; to run against; to throw, as a stone", ["扼"] = "hold (strategic position)", ["扽"] = "to move, to shake", ["找"] = "to try to find; to look for; to call on (someone); to find; to seek; to return", ["承"] = "to bear; to carry; to hold; to continue; to undertake; to take charge; owing to; due to; to receive", ["技"] = "skill", ["抃"] = "strike; tap", ["抄"] = "to copy; to plagiarize; to search and seize; to go; to transcribe; to take a shortcut; to search and confiscate", ["抆"] = "wipe", ["抈"] = "to bend", ["抉"] = "dig; pick", ["把"] = "handle; (a measure word); (marker for direct-object); to hold; to contain; to grasp; to take hold of", ["抌"] = "to bale out water, to dip", ["抑"] = "to restrain; to restrict; to keep down; or", ["抒"] = "to strain; pour out", ["抓"] = "to grab; to catch; to arrest; to snatch", ["抔"] = "take up in both hands", ["投"] = "to throw; to send", ["抖"] = "shake out; tremble", ["抗"] = "to resist; to fight; to defy", ["折"] = "tenth (in price); to break; to fold; to turn; broken (as of rope, stick)", ["抨"] = "attack; impeach", ["披"] = "scatter; separate; to open; to unroll; to spread out", ["抬"] = "to lift; to raise; (of two or more persons) to carry", ["抱"] = "to hold; to carry (in one's arms); to hug or embrace; surround; cherish", ["抵"] = "hold up; on the whole; push against; to support; to resist; to reach; to arrive; mortgage", ["抶"] = "beat; flog", ["抹"] = "girdle; brassiere; to plaster; play; to smear", ["抻"] = "pull", ["押"] = "detain in custody", ["抽"] = "to draw out; to smoke (cigarettes); to pump", ["抿"] = "purse up (lips); to smooth", ["拂"] = "brush away", ["拄"] = "post; prop", ["拆"] = "to tear open; to tear down; to tear apart; to open", ["拇"] = "thumb", ["拉"] = "to pull; to play (string instruments); to drag; to draw", ["拊"] = "pat", ["拋"] = "to throw; to toss; to fling; to cast; to abandon", ["拌"] = "to mix; mix in; to toss (a salad)", ["拍"] = "to clap; to pat; to beat; to hit; to slap; to take (a picture)", ["拎"] = "to haul; to lift; to take", ["拏"] = "apprehend; take", ["拐"] = "kidnap; to turn", ["拑"] = "pliers; pincers; to clamp", ["拒"] = "to resist; to repel; to refuse", ["拓"] = "expand; support on palm; to develop; to open up; make rubbing", ["拔"] = "pull up; pull out; select; promote", ["拖"] = "dragging (brush stroke in painting); to drag along", ["拗"] = "stubborn; contrary; bend; break in two", ["拘"] = "adhere; capture; restrain", ["拙"] = "awkward; clumsy; dull; inelegant; (polite) my", ["拚"] = "stake all; disregard; reject", ["招"] = "provoke; to recruit", ["拜"] = "to pay respect; worship; visit; salute", ["拫"] = "to pull; to drag; to stop", ["括"] = "enclose; include", ["拭"] = "wipe", ["拯"] = "to raise; to aid; to support; to save; to rescue", ["拱"] = "fold hands in salute; to arch", ["拳"] = "fist", ["拴"] = "tie up", ["拶"] = "punish by squeezing fingers", ["拷"] = "to beat; to flog; to examine by torture", ["拼"] = "piece together; stake (all); spell; join together", ["拽"] = "throw; drag", ["拾"] = "pick up; ten (fraud-proof)", ["拿"] = "to hold; to seize; to catch; to apprehend; to take", ["持"] = "to grasp; to hold; support; manage; direct; maintain", ["挂"] = "hang; suspend", ["指"] = "finger; to point; to direct; to indicate", ["挈"] = "pull out; take family along", ["按"] = "to press (with the hand); to push; to control; to restrain; to check; pressing down (brush movement in painting); according to; in the light of", ["挌"] = "fight", ["挍"] = "compare; criticize", ["挎"] = "carry on one's arm; carry over one's shoulder or slung on one's side", ["挐"] = "apprehend; take", ["挑"] = "incite; carry on a pole; choose", ["挓"] = "to open out; to expand", ["挖"] = "to dig; to excavate; to scoop out", ["挨"] = "next to; suffer (hunger); endure; drag out; delay; stall; play for time; lean to; in order; in sequence", ["挪"] = "to shift; to move", ["挫"] = "be obstructed; fail; oppress; repress; lower the tone; bend back; dampen", ["振"] = "rouse", ["挲"] = "to stroke; to caress; to fondle", ["挶"] = "structure for carrying dirt", ["挹"] = "give up; ladle out; pour out", ["挺"] = "be straight and stiff; rather (good)", ["挽"] = "draw; pull; send funeral ode", ["挾"] = "clasp under the arm; coerce; hold between", ["捂"] = "to cover; to block; to resist", ["捃"] = "gather; to sort", ["捄"] = "to rescue", ["捅"] = "poke through", ["捆"] = "a bunch; tie together; bundle", ["捉"] = "to clutch; to grab; to capture", ["捋"] = "strip (cow, leaves, branch); stroke (beard)", ["捌"] = "complicated form of the numeral eight; split; (''Min'') to know", ["捍"] = "ward off (a blow)", ["捎"] = "bring or take (along)", ["捏"] = "to pinch (with one's fingers); to knead; to make up", ["捐"] = "to contribute; to donate; tax; to abandon", ["捕"] = "to catch; to seize; to capture", ["捗"] = "make progress", ["捘"] = "push", ["捥"] = "to bend the wrist", ["捧"] = "hold or offer with both hands", ["捨"] = "give up; abandon", ["捩"] = "tear; twist", ["捫"] = "lay hands on; to cover", ["捭"] = "weed; spread out; to open", ["捱"] = "dawdle; suffer", ["捲"] = "coil; to roll", ["捶"] = "beat with the fist; to hammer; to cudgel", ["捷"] = "victory; triumph; quick; prompt; rapid", ["捺"] = "(downwards-right concave character stroke); press down firmly", ["捻"] = "twirl (in the fingers)", ["捼"] = "to rub; to crumple", ["捽"] = "seize", ["掀"] = "lift (cover)", ["掂"] = "weigh in the hand", ["掃"] = "broom; to sweep", ["掄"] = "select; whirl (one's arm)", ["掇"] = "pick up", ["授"] = "to teach; to instruct; to award; to give", ["掉"] = "to drop; to fall", ["掊"] = "break up; hit; take up in both hands", ["掌"] = "palm (of hand); in charge of", ["掎"] = "drag", ["掏"] = "fish out (from pocket)", ["掐"] = "pick (flowers); to pinch", ["排"] = "row of logs or boards; a platoon; line up", ["掔"] = "lead along; substantial", ["掖"] = "tuck (in)", ["掗"] = "attach; brandish; hold", ["掘"] = "dig", ["掙"] = "to earn; to make (money); struggle", ["掛"] = "to hang; to put up; to suspend", ["掞"] = "easy; quiet", ["掠"] = "plunder", ["採"] = "to pick; to pluck; to collect; to select; to choose; to gather", ["探"] = "to explore; to search out; to scout; to visit", ["掣"] = "pull; obstruct; hinder; draw", ["掤"] = "arrow-quiver", ["接"] = "to extend; to connect; to receive; to join", ["控"] = "to accuse; to charge; to control; to sue", ["推"] = "push; refuse (responsibility); shove", ["掩"] = "cover up; to surprise", ["措"] = "put in order; arrange; administer; execute; take action on", ["掫"] = "beat the night watches; grasp", ["掮"] = "carry on shoulders", ["掯"] = "take by force", ["掰"] = "to break with both hands", ["掱"] = "pickpocket", ["掽"] = "meet with; to bump", ["掾"] = "official", ["揀"] = "choose; pick up", ["揃"] = "shear", ["揄"] = "draw out; let hanging", ["揅"] = "grind fine; study; research", ["揆"] = "consider; estimate", ["揉"] = "knead; massage; rub", ["揌"] = "to shake", ["揍"] = "beat up; break to pieces", ["揎"] = "pull up sleeves; strike with fists", ["描"] = "depict; to trace (a drawing); to copy; to touch up", ["提"] = "to carry; to lift; to put forward; (upwards character stroke); lifting (brush stroke in painting); to mention; carry (suspended)", ["插"] = "insert; stick in; pierce; to take part in; to interfere; to interpose", ["揕"] = "to hit; to thrust", ["揖"] = "greet (by raising the joined hands)", ["揗"] = "strike, hit with hand; tap", ["揚"] = "hurl; to raise; to scatter", ["換"] = "change; exchange", ["揜"] = "cover up; to surprise", ["揝"] = "to hold in the hand, to grasp; to wring", ["揠"] = "eradicate; pull up", ["握"] = "shake hands; to hold; to grasp", ["揣"] = "estimate; guess; figure; surmise; put into", ["揥"] = "get rid of; ivory hairpin", ["揩"] = "wipe", ["揪"] = "to clutch", ["揫"] = "gather; collect", ["揭"] = "lift off (a cover); divulge", ["揮"] = "scatter; wield; wipe away", ["揰"] = "poke out; punch; push into", ["揲"] = "sort out divining stalks", ["援"] = "to help; to assist; to aid", ["揵"] = "carry", ["揹"] = "carry on one's back", ["搆"] = "implicate; reach to", ["搉"] = "consult; knock; beat", ["搊"] = "pluck (stringed instrument)", ["搌"] = "bind; wipe", ["損"] = "to damage; injure; to lose; to harm", ["搎"] = "to rub with the hand; to stroke", ["搏"] = "fight; combat; seize", ["搐"] = "lead; pull", ["搒"] = "boat; to whip", ["搓"] = "to rub or roll between the hands or fingers; to twist", ["搔"] = "disturb; to scratch", ["搕"] = "to strike; to take in the hand", ["搖"] = "shake; to rock", ["搗"] = "pound; beat; hull; attack; disturb; stir", ["搘"] = "prop up", ["搜"] = "to search", ["搞"] = "to do; to make; to go in for; to set up; to get hold of; to take care of", ["搠"] = "daub; thrust", ["搡"] = "push back; push over", ["搢"] = "shake; stick into; strike", ["搤"] = "hold (strategic position)", ["搥"] = "beat with the fist; to hammer", ["搦"] = "take hold", ["搧"] = "to fan", ["搨"] = "make rubbing", ["搪"] = "keep out", ["搬"] = "remove; transport; move; shift", ["搭"] = "build (scaffolding); take (boat, train); hang; join; match; take passage", ["搯"] = "fish out (from pocket)", ["搰"] = "dig; mix", ["搴"] = "seize", ["搵"] = "press with finger; wipe", ["搶"] = "fight over; to rush; to scramble; to grab; to rob; to snatch; against wind", ["搷"] = "to beat; to winnow", ["搽"] = "apply (ointment, powder); smear; paint on", ["搾"] = "oppress; to extract", ["搿"] = "to hug", ["摀"] = "(v) seal up; muffle", ["摁"] = "to press (with finger)", ["摎"] = "to strangle; to inquire into", ["摑"] = "to slap", ["摒"] = "arrange; drive off; expel", ["摔"] = "throw on ground; to fall", ["摘"] = "to borrow; to pick (flowers, fruit); to pluck; to take; to select", ["摙"] = "to transport; to remove to take", ["摛"] = "to spread (fame); wield (pen)", ["摜"] = "fling; smash", ["摞"] = "pile up", ["摟"] = "to hug; to embrace; graft (money); solicit; to gather; to collect", ["摠"] = "general; in every case; to hold", ["摦"] = "wide; broad", ["摧"] = "break; destroy; devastate; ravage; repress", ["摩"] = "rub", ["摭"] = "pick up; to select", ["摮"] = "to rattle; to shake; to smite", ["摯"] = "sincere", ["摰"] = "to seize with the hand; to grasp. to advance. to breakdown", ["摲"] = "to cut down; mow", ["摳"] = "dig out (with finger); stingy", ["摴"] = "dice; gambling; to release", ["摶"] = "roll round with hand", ["摷"] = "to knock; strike", ["摸"] = "feel with the hand; to touch; to stroke; to grope; to feel (one's pulse); imitate; copy", ["摹"] = "imitate; copy", ["摺"] = "folded document; to fold", ["摻"] = "to grasp; mix", ["摽"] = "to fall; sign; to signal", ["撂"] = "to leave (it)", ["撅"] = "break off; stick up (as a tail)", ["撇"] = "(downwards-left curved character stroke); throw; cast away", ["撈"] = "fish up", ["撊"] = "valiant; wrathful", ["撋"] = "to rub between the hands", ["撏"] = "pull out, pluck; take hold of", ["撐"] = "support; prop-up; to pole a boat; to open; to overfill", ["撒"] = "to scatter; let go", ["撓"] = "to scratch", ["撕"] = "to tear", ["撙"] = "regulate; restrain", ["撚"] = "twirl (in the fingers)", ["撝"] = "wave, brandish; modest, humble", ["撞"] = "to hit; to strike; to meet by accident; to run into; to bump against; to bump into", ["撟"] = "correct", ["撢"] = "to dust", ["撣"] = "brush away; dust off; a brush or duster; to dust", ["撤"] = "remove; take away; withdraw", ["撥"] = "to push aside; to appropriate (money); to move; to set aside; group; batch; to poke; to stir", ["撦"] = "to tear; pull at", ["撩"] = "stitch; take; tease; lift up (skirt); pull up (sleeve)", ["撫"] = "to comfort; touch gently with hand", ["撬"] = "to lift", ["播"] = "sow; scatter; spread; broadcast", ["撮"] = "bring together; little bit; shovel; gather up; pick", ["撰"] = "compose; compile", ["撱"] = "clip; shorten; throw away", ["撲"] = "rush on", ["撳"] = "to press", ["撻"] = "flog; rapid", ["撼"] = "shake; to incite", ["撾"] = "beat", ["撿"] = "pick up; collect; gather", ["擁"] = "(v) gather round; rush in; crowd; throng; to hold; crowded; to support", ["擂"] = "beat (a drum); beat; to grind", ["擄"] = "take captive", ["擅"] = "usurp; without authority", ["擇"] = "pick over; to select; to choose; to pick", ["擉"] = "to pierce; to break through", ["擊"] = "to hit; to strike; to break", ["擋"] = "arrange; put in order; hinder; resist; obstruct; cover; keep off; a cover; to block (a blow); to get in the way of", ["操"] = "to hold; to drill; to exercise; to act; to do; to take in hand; to keep; to manage", ["擎"] = "to raise (hand)", ["擐"] = "pass through; to get into (armour)", ["擒"] = "capture", ["擔"] = "to carry on shoulder; to undertake; shoulder pole; burden; load; responsibility; picul (133.33 lbs.)", ["擖"] = "scrape", ["擗"] = "to beat the breast", ["擘"] = "thumb; break; tear; pierce; split; to analyse", ["據"] = "according to; to act in accordance with; to depend on; to seize; to occupy", ["擠"] = "crowded; to squeeze", ["擢"] = "pull out; select", ["擣"] = "stir; to pound", ["擤"] = "blow nose", ["擦"] = "to wipe; to erase; rubbing (brush stroke in painting); to clean; to polish", ["擩"] = "to stain, to dye", ["擫"] = "to press down", ["擬"] = "plan to", ["擭"] = "trap", ["擯"] = "reject; expel; discard; exclude; renounce", ["擰"] = "mistake; to twist; stubborn; to pinch; wring", ["擱"] = "to place", ["擲"] = "toss", ["擴"] = "enlarge", ["擷"] = "collect", ["擸"] = "to hold, to grasp; to hold the hair; to pull at", ["擺"] = "pendulum; to place; to display; to swing; to oscillate; to show; to move; to exhibit", ["擻"] = "shake; trembling", ["擽"] = "tickle; ticklish, funny", ["擾"] = "disturb", ["擿"] = "to select, to pick out from, to discard", ["攀"] = "climb up; pull", ["攃"] = "preceding", ["攄"] = "set forth; to spread", ["攆"] = "expel", ["攏"] = "collect; draw near to", ["攔"] = "cut off; hinder", ["攖"] = "oppose; to attack", ["攘"] = "throw into confusion", ["攙"] = "assist by the arm; mix; support; sustain", ["攛"] = "rush; stir up; throw; fling; hurry; rage", ["攜"] = "to carry; to take along; to bring along; to hold (hands)", ["攝"] = "assist; collect; absorb", ["攢"] = "collect; hoard; bring together", ["攣"] = "twisted; bent; crooked; cramped", ["攤"] = "spread out; vendor's stand", ["攩"] = "hinder; resist", ["攪"] = "to disturb; to annoy; to mix; to stir", ["攫"] = "seize (bird or animal)", ["攬"] = "monopolize; seize", ["攮"] = "to fend off; to stab", ["支"] = "(a measure word); to support; to sustain; to erect; to raise; branch; division; to draw money", ["攲"] = "up; uneven", ["收"] = "to receive; to accept; to collect; in care of (used on address line after name)", ["攷"] = "examine", ["攸"] = "distant, far; adverbial prefix", ["改"] = "to change; to alter; to transform; to correct", ["攻"] = "to attack; to accuse; to study", ["放"] = "to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out", ["政"] = "political; politics; government", ["敁"] = "to weigh in the hand, to estimate; to shake", ["敃"] = "strong; robust; vigorous", ["故"] = "happening; instance; reason; cause; deceased; old", ["效"] = "effect; efficacy; imitate", ["敉"] = "peaceful", ["敏"] = "keen; sensitive", ["救"] = "to save; to assist; to rescue", ["敔"] = "(ancient mus. instr.)", ["敕"] = "imperial orders", ["敖"] = "ramble", ["敗"] = "be defeated; to defeat; loss", ["敘"] = "narrate", ["教"] = "teach; teaching; religion", ["敜"] = "to fill up or cover up a hole", ["敝"] = "(polite) my; poor; ruined; shabby; worn out; defeated", ["敞"] = "spacious; uncovered", ["敢"] = "dare", ["散"] = "adjourn; scatter; leisurely; loosen; powdered medicine; to scatter; to come loose", ["敦"] = "kindhearted; place name", ["敧"] = "to pick up thing with chopsticks or pincers.", ["敪"] = "to weigh; cut; come without being invited", ["敬"] = "to respect; to venerate; to salute; to offer", ["敲"] = "extort; knock; to strike; to knock (at a door); to hit", ["敳"] = "able (in administrating)", ["整"] = "exactly; in good order; whole; complete; entire; in order; orderly", ["敵"] = "enemy; match", ["敷"] = "announce; apply", ["數"] = "number; figure; to count; to calculate; several; frequently; repeatedly", ["敹"] = "keep tidy and repaired; sew", ["敺"] = "expel; urge on", ["敻"] = "''surname''", ["敿"] = "tie up (laces)", ["斁"] = "be weary of", ["斂"] = "arrange; control oneself; gather", ["斃"] = "die violently", ["文"] = "language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle", ["斌"] = "ornamental; refined", ["斐"] = "''phonetic''; ''surname''; elegant", ["斑"] = "variegated", ["斒"] = "variegated; striped; marbled", ["斕"] = "variegated; particoloured", ["斗"] = "ladle; dipper; small; big; stars", ["料"] = "material; stuff; grain; feed; to expect; to anticipate; to guess", ["斛"] = "5 pecks (M)", ["斜"] = "slanting", ["斝"] = "jade cup with ears", ["斞"] = "a stack of grain; a measure of 16 dou3", ["斟"] = "pour; to deliberate", ["斠"] = "to measure", ["斡"] = "to turn", ["斢"] = "to plunder", ["斤"] = "catty; weight equal to 0.5 kg", ["斥"] = "blame; reprove; reprimand", ["斧"] = "hatchet", ["斨"] = "axe", ["斫"] = "chop; carve wood", ["斬"] = "behead; chop", ["斮"] = "cut off", ["斯"] = "''phonetic''; this", ["新"] = "new; newly; meso- (chem.)", ["斲"] = "chop; carve wood", ["斷"] = "to break; to judge; absolutely; decidedly", ["斸"] = "cut", ["方"] = "square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just", ["於"] = "in; at; to; from; by; than; out of; ''surname''", ["施"] = "distribute (alms); to do; to execute; to carry out", ["斿"] = "scallops along lower edge of flag", ["旁"] = "beside; one side; other; side; self", ["旂"] = "flag", ["旃"] = "felt; silken banner", ["旄"] = "aged; banner decorated with animal's tail", ["旅"] = "trip; travel", ["旆"] = "pennant; streamer", ["旋"] = "lathe; specially for an occasion; revolve", ["旌"] = "banner; make manifest", ["族"] = "race; nationality; ethnicity; clan", ["旐"] = "banner", ["旒"] = "tassel", ["旓"] = "serrated edges on a Chinese flag", ["旗"] = "banner; flag", ["旛"] = "pennant", ["旝"] = "banner, flag, streamer; insignia", ["旟"] = "banner with falcons; mussed up hair", ["旡"] = "choke on something eaten", ["既"] = "already; since; both... (and...)", ["日"] = "day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.)", ["旦"] = "dawn; morning; day-break; day", ["旨"] = "imperial decree; purport; aim; purpose", ["早"] = "early; morning", ["旬"] = "ten days; ten years", ["旭"] = "dawn; rising sun", ["旰"] = "sunset; evening", ["旱"] = "drought; dry", ["旴"] = "dawn", ["旺"] = "prosperous; flourishing; to prosper; to flourish", ["旻"] = "heaven", ["旼"] = "gentle and affable", ["旽"] = "morning sun, sunrise", ["昀"] = "sun light; used in personal name", ["昂"] = "high; soaring; raise; lift; expensive; to raise one's head", ["昃"] = "afternoon; decline", ["昄"] = "great; expansive", ["昆"] = "descendant; elder brother", ["昇"] = "ascend; peaceful", ["昉"] = "dawn; to begin", ["昊"] = "clear summer sky; vast", ["昌"] = "prosperous; flourish", ["明"] = "clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty", ["昏"] = "muddle-headed; twilight; to faint; to lose consciousness", ["昑"] = "bright", ["易"] = "change; easy; simple", ["昔"] = "past; former", ["昕"] = "dawn", ["昜"] = "to open out, to expand; bright, glorious", ["昝"] = "(a dual pronoun) you and me, we two", ["星"] = "star; satellite; small amount", ["映"] = "reflect; shine", ["昡"] = "long day; extended; relaxed", ["昤"] = "sunshine", ["春"] = "spring (time); gay; joyful; youthful; love; lust; life", ["昧"] = "conceal; dark", ["昨"] = "yesterday", ["昫"] = "warm", ["昭"] = "illustrious; manifest", ["是"] = "be; yes; this", ["昱"] = "bright light", ["昳"] = "the declining sun in the west", ["昴"] = "the Pleiades", ["昵"] = "familiar; to approach", ["昶"] = "bright; long day", ["昺"] = "bright; glorious", ["晁"] = "''surname''", ["時"] = "o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period", ["晃"] = "sway; to shade; dazzle", ["晅"] = "light of the sun; to dry in the sun", ["晉"] = "to advance; to be promoted; name of a dynasty and state", ["晌"] = "around noon", ["晏"] = "late; quiet", ["晒"] = "to sun", ["晚"] = "evening; night; late", ["晛"] = "to appear (of sun)", ["晜"] = "descendant; elder brother", ["晝"] = "daytime", ["晞"] = "dawn; dry in the sun", ["晟"] = "brightness of sun; splendour", ["晡"] = "3–5 p.m.", ["晢"] = "bright", ["晤"] = "meet (socially)", ["晥"] = "Anhui province", ["晦"] = "dark; night; unlucky", ["晨"] = "morning; dawn; daybreak", ["晬"] = "1st birthday of a child", ["普"] = "general; popular; everywhere; universal", ["景"] = "bright; circumstance; scenery", ["晰"] = "understanding", ["晴"] = "clear; fine (weather)", ["晶"] = "crystal", ["晷"] = "sunlight; time; sundial", ["智"] = "wisdom; knowledge", ["晾"] = "to dry in the air", ["暄"] = "genial and warm", ["暇"] = "leisure", ["暈"] = "dizzy; ring around moon or sun; confused; giddy; faint; swoon; lose consciousness; pass out", ["暉"] = "bright; radiant", ["暋"] = "strong; vigorous", ["暌"] = "in opposition to; separated from", ["暍"] = "hot", ["暐"] = "the bright shining of the sun", ["暑"] = "heat; hot weather; summer heat", ["暔"] = "name of a country", ["暖"] = "warm; toasty", ["暗"] = "dark; gloomy; hidden; secret", ["暘"] = "rising sun; sunshine", ["暝"] = "(''Southern Min'') night", ["暠"] = "daybreak; bright and brilliant", ["暢"] = "smooth; fluent; joyful; happy", ["暨"] = "and; reach to; the end", ["暫"] = "temporary; temporarily", ["暮"] = "evening; dusk; sunset; (''of time'') late; closing", ["暱"] = "familiar; to approach", ["暲"] = "bright; to rise (of sun)", ["暴"] = "sudden; violent; cruel; to show or expose; to injure", ["暵"] = "dry; hot", ["暸"] = "bright, clear", ["暹"] = "Siam", ["暻"] = "bright", ["暾"] = "sun above the horizon", ["曀"] = "obscure; sun hidden by clouds", ["曄"] = "bright light; to sparkle", ["曆"] = "calendar", ["曇"] = "dark clouds", ["曈"] = "sun about to rise", ["曉"] = "dawn; to know; to tell (someone something)", ["曏"] = "formerly", ["曖"] = "obscure; clandestine", ["曙"] = "dawn; the dawn of a new epoch (metaphor)", ["曚"] = "before day break", ["曛"] = "twilight; sunset", ["曜"] = "dazzle; glorious", ["曝"] = "to air; to sun", ["曠"] = "waste; wilderness", ["曦"] = "light of day", ["曨"] = "bright", ["曩"] = "in former times", ["曬"] = "to sun", ["曰"] = "to speak; to say", ["曲"] = "tune; song; bent; crooked; wrong", ["曳"] = "drag", ["更"] = "to change; more; even more; further; still; still more", ["曷"] = "why; how; when; what; where", ["書"] = "book; letter", ["曹"] = "a company; a class; a generation; ''surname''", ["曼"] = "handsome; large; long", ["曾"] = "(refers to something that happened previously); already; at some time in the past; before; once; great-grand (father)", ["替"] = "to substitute for; to take the place of; to replace; for; on behalf of; to stand in for", ["最"] = "(the) most; -est", ["朁"] = "if, supposing, nevertheless", ["會"] = "to meet; to gather; group; to assemble; association; be able to; be likely to; to balance an account; accounting", ["朅"] = "to leave; abandon", ["月"] = "moon; month", ["有"] = "to have; there is; there are; to exist; to be", ["朊"] = "protein", ["朋"] = "friend", ["服"] = "clothes; dress; garment; submit; take (medicine)", ["朏"] = "crescent moon", ["朐"] = "''surname''", ["朓"] = "scorch; western moon before sunrise", ["朔"] = "beginning; first day of lunar month", ["朕"] = "I; we (imperial use); subtle", ["朗"] = "clear; bright", ["朘"] = "wane, reduce, contract; exploit", ["望"] = "hope; expect; to visit; to gaze (into the distance); look towards; towards", ["朝"] = "morning; to face; towards; facing; direct; a dynasty; the imperial court; Korea, esp. N. Korea (abbrev.)", ["期"] = "a period of time; phase; stage; (used for issue of a periodical, courses of study); time; term; period; to hope", ["朠"] = "colour of the moon", ["朢"] = "15th day of month (lunar calendar)", ["朣"] = "light from the rising moon", ["朦"] = "deceive; indistinct", ["朧"] = "rising moon", ["木"] = "tree; wood", ["未"] = "not yet; 8th [[earthly branch]]; 1–3 p.m.", ["末"] = "end; final stage; latter part", ["本"] = "roots or stems of plants; origin; source; this; the current; root; foundation; basis; (a measure word)", ["札"] = "short note", ["朱"] = "''surname''; vermilion", ["朳"] = "tree", ["朴"] = "Celtis sinensis var. japonica", ["朵"] = "''classifier for flowers''", ["机"] = "machine; opportunity; secret", ["朽"] = "rotten", ["朾"] = "to bump", ["朿"] = "stab", ["杅"] = "bowl; tub", ["杆"] = "measure for guns; pole", ["杇"] = "to plaster; whitewash", ["杈"] = "branches of a tree; fork of a tree; pitchfork", ["杉"] = "(pine); fir", ["杌"] = "low stool", ["李"] = "''surname''; plum", ["杏"] = "apricot", ["材"] = "material", ["村"] = "village", ["杓"] = "ladle; (star)", ["杕"] = "lone-standing tree", ["杖"] = "cane, walking stick", ["杗"] = "ridge-pole in roof", ["杙"] = "post for tethering animals", ["杜"] = "fabricate; restrict; to prevent", ["杝"] = "(tree)", ["杞"] = "(willow); name of a feudal state", ["束"] = "bunch; (a measure word); to bind; to control", ["杠"] = "carrying pole; horizontal bar; footbridge", ["杪"] = "the limit; tip of branch", ["杭"] = "''surname''; Hangzhou", ["杯"] = "drinkware; cup; glass", ["杰"] = "hero; heroic", ["東"] = "east", ["杲"] = "high; sun shines brightly; to shine", ["杳"] = "dark and quiet; disappear", ["杴"] = "(iron) shovel", ["杵"] = "pestle; to poke", ["杶"] = "(tree)", ["杸"] = "to kill; a spear", ["杻"] = "handcuffs; red apricot", ["杼"] = "shuttle of a loom", ["松"] = "pine", ["板"] = "board; plank; plate; slab", ["枉"] = "in the wrong; in vain", ["枋"] = "Santalum album", ["枌"] = "(tree)", ["析"] = "to separate; to divide; to analyse", ["枒"] = "the coconut tree; rim", ["枓"] = "square base for Chinese flagstaff", ["枕"] = "pillow", ["林"] = "woods; forest", ["枘"] = "tenon; tool handle", ["枙"] = "tree knot", ["枚"] = "''classifier for small objects''", ["果"] = "fruit; result", ["枝"] = "branch; (a measure word)", ["枟"] = "wood streaks", ["枯"] = "withered; dried up", ["枰"] = "chess-like game", ["枲"] = "male nettle-hemp", ["枳"] = "(orange); hedge thorn", ["枴"] = "cane", ["枵"] = "empty; hollow of a tree", ["架"] = "to support; frame; rack; framework; measure word for planes, large vehicles, radios, etc.", ["枷"] = "cangue", ["枸"] = "{{taxlink|Hovenia acerba|species}}; ''[[Piper betle]]''", ["枹"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glandulifera|species}}", ["枻"] = "oar; stand for correcting a bow", ["柁"] = "main beam of roof", ["柂"] = "(tree)", ["柃"] = "{{taxlink|Eurya japonica|species}}", ["柄"] = "authority; handle; hilt", ["柅"] = "(tree); to stop", ["柈"] = "plate", ["柎"] = "calyx of flower", ["柏"] = "cypress; cedar; ''surname''", ["某"] = "(used before measure word and noun) some; (a) certain; so and so", ["柑"] = "large tangerine", ["柒"] = "seven (fraud-proof); (''Cantonese'') penis", ["染"] = "to catch (a disease); dye", ["柔"] = "soft", ["柘"] = "{{taxlink|Cudrania tricuspidata|species}}", ["柙"] = "cage; pen; scabbard", ["柚"] = "pomelo; shaddock", ["柜"] = "{{taxlink|Salix multinervis|species}}; cupboard; cabinet; wardrobe", ["柝"] = "watchman's rattle", ["柞"] = "{{vern|jolcham oak}} ({{taxlink|Quercus serrata|species}})", ["柟"] = "{{taxlink|Machilus nanmu|species}}", ["柢"] = "foundation; root", ["柣"] = "threshold", ["柤"] = "(hawthorn); {{taxlink|Chaenomeles japonica|species}}", ["查"] = "to research; to check; to investigate; to examine; to refer to; to search", ["柩"] = "bier", ["柬"] = "card; note; letter", ["柮"] = "wood scraps", ["柯"] = "handle of axe; stem", ["柰"] = "crab-apple; how can one help", ["柱"] = "pillar", ["柲"] = "weapon handle of bamboo strips", ["柳"] = "willow", ["柴"] = "firewood", ["柵"] = "fence", ["柶"] = "spoon; ladle", ["柷"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["柸"] = "to hate; bear grudge", ["柺"] = "old man's staff", ["柿"] = "persimmon", ["栒"] = "cross bar", ["栓"] = "bottle stopper; wooden pin; plug", ["栔"] = "carve; cut", ["栖"] = "to roost; to inhabit; to stay; habitat", ["栗"] = "chestnut", ["栝"] = "{{taxlink|Juniperus chinensis|species}}; measuring-frame", ["栟"] = "{{taxlink|Trachycarpus excelsa|species}}", ["校"] = "school; proofread; to check; to compare", ["栩"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus serrata|species}} ({{vern|jolcham oak}})", ["株"] = "(a measure word, use with plants); trunk of tree", ["栫"] = "fence; palisade", ["栭"] = "tree mushroom", ["栱"] = "post", ["栲"] = "mangrove", ["栳"] = "basket", ["栵"] = "hedge", ["核"] = "nuclear; atomic; stone (of fruit)", ["根"] = "radical (chem.); root; basis", ["栻"] = "(tree)", ["格"] = "frame; rule", ["栽"] = "to force; to stick in; to plant", ["桀"] = "(emperor of Xia dynasty); cruel", ["桁"] = "pole plate; purlin; ridge-pole", ["桂"] = "''[[Cinnamomum cassia]]''; Guangxi Autonomous Region (abbrev.)", ["桃"] = "peach", ["桄"] = "rung of ladder; {{taxlink|Arenga saccharifera|species}}", ["桅"] = "mast", ["框"] = "frame; door frame", ["案"] = "(legal) case; incident; record; file; table", ["桉"] = "{{taxlink|Eucalyptus globulus|species}}", ["桋"] = "(tree)", ["桌"] = "table", ["桎"] = "fetters", ["桐"] = "tung tree", ["桑"] = "mulberry tree", ["桓"] = "''surname''; {{taxlink|Sapindus mukurosi|species}}", ["桔"] = "tangerine; ''[[Platycodon grandiflorus]]''", ["桫"] = "''[[Stewartia pseudocamellia]]''", ["桭"] = "eaves; space between two pillars", ["桮"] = "cup", ["桯"] = "bed side stand", ["桲"] = "quince", ["桴"] = "beam; rafter", ["桶"] = "pail; bucket; bin; barrel", ["桷"] = "rafter; {{taxlink|Malus toringo|species}}", ["桹"] = "(palm)", ["桿"] = "stick; pole", ["梁"] = "beam of roof; bridge", ["梃"] = "a club (weapon)", ["梅"] = "plum flower", ["梆"] = "watchman's rattle", ["梊"] = "squeeze out of; extract", ["梏"] = "braces (med.); fetters; manacles", ["梐"] = "stockade", ["梓"] = "{{taxlink|Catalpa kaempferi|species}}", ["梔"] = "gardenia", ["梗"] = "stem", ["梜"] = "chopstick", ["條"] = "measure word for long, thin things (i.e. ribbon, river, etc.); a strip; item; article", ["梟"] = "brave; owl; {{taxlink|Strix uralensis|species}}", ["梠"] = "beam at the eaves", ["梡"] = "(tree); stand for sacrifice", ["梢"] = "tip of branch", ["梧"] = "{{taxlink|Sterculia platanifolia|species}}", ["梨"] = "pear", ["梩"] = "basket for removing earth; spade", ["梭"] = "shuttle", ["梯"] = "ladder", ["械"] = "tools", ["梱"] = "movable door sill", ["梲"] = "club (weapon); small pillar", ["梳"] = "comb", ["梴"] = "length (of a tree or beam); long", ["梵"] = "Brahma; Sanskrit", ["棄"] = "abandon; relinquish; to discard; to throw away", ["棉"] = "cotton", ["棋"] = "any chess-like game or game requiring strategy", ["棍"] = "stick", ["棐"] = "to strengthen; ''[[Torreya grandis]]''", ["棑"] = "raft; shield; stern of junk", ["棒"] = "a stick; club or cudgel; smart; capable; strong", ["棕"] = "palm tree; palm fibre; brown colour", ["棖"] = "door post", ["棗"] = "jujube", ["棘"] = "thorns", ["棚"] = "shed", ["棜"] = "tray for carrying sacrificial meats", ["棟"] = "roof beam", ["棠"] = "cherry-apple", ["棣"] = "[[Kerria japonica]]", ["棧"] = "warehouse", ["棨"] = "tally for going through a pass", ["棪"] = "(tree)", ["棫"] = "(oak); thorny shrub", ["棬"] = "bowl", ["森"] = "of trees, many", ["棯"] = "jujube tree", ["棰"] = "flog; whip", ["棱"] = "corner; square beam", ["棲"] = "to roost; to inhabit; to stay; habitat", ["棳"] = "small pillars that support the roof, those which rest on the main beam", ["棵"] = "''classifier for plants''", ["棸"] = "''surname''", ["棹"] = "table", ["棺"] = "coffin", ["棻"] = "kind of wood from which perfume is made", ["棼"] = "beams in roof; confused", ["椄"] = "to graft", ["椅"] = "chair", ["椈"] = "''[[Fagus sylvatica]]''", ["椊"] = "to fit a handle into a socket; a plug or cork", ["椋"] = "fruit", ["椌"] = "(wooden mus. instr.)", ["植"] = "to plant", ["椎"] = "spine; a hammer", ["椏"] = "forking branch", ["椐"] = "{{taxlink|Zelkowa acuminata|species}}", ["椑"] = "''[[Fagus sylvatica]]''", ["椒"] = "pepper", ["椓"] = "beat", ["椗"] = "(plant); anchor", ["椪"] = "{{taxlink|Machilus nanmu|species}}, variety of everg", ["椳"] = "the pivots, at the top and bottom of a Chinese door, on which the door turns", ["椴"] = "''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]''", ["椵"] = "(grapefruit)", ["椷"] = "a box; letters", ["椸"] = "clothes-horse", ["椹"] = "fruit of mulberry", ["椽"] = "beam; rafters", ["椿"] = "tree of heaven; {{taxlink|Cedrela chinensis|species}}; father", ["楀"] = "''surname''; (tree)", ["楂"] = "Chinese quince; hawthorn; fell trees; raft; to hew", ["楄"] = "basket-couch in coffin", ["楅"] = "ox yoke placed on the horns", ["楊"] = "''surname''; poplar", ["楎"] = "clothes-horse", ["楓"] = "maple", ["楔"] = "to wedge; wedge", ["楗"] = "door lock", ["楘"] = "ornaments on chariot-shaft", ["楙"] = "{{taxlink|Cydonia japonica|species}}", ["楚"] = "distinct; clear; orderly; pain; suffering; ancient place name; ''surname''", ["楛"] = "broken utensil; (tree)", ["楝"] = "{{taxlink|Melia japonica|species}}", ["楞"] = "corner; square beam", ["楟"] = "tree", ["楠"] = "{{taxlink|Machilus nanmu|species}}", ["楢"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glandulifera|species}}", ["楣"] = "lintel", ["楥"] = "to turn on a lathe", ["楦"] = "block (hat); stretch (shoe)", ["楨"] = "evergreen shrub", ["楩"] = "(tree)", ["楪"] = "small dish; window", ["楫"] = "oar; to row", ["楬"] = "a peg; tally; score", ["業"] = "business; occupation; study", ["楮"] = "{{taxlink|Broussonetia kasinoki|species}}", ["楯"] = "draw forth; horizontal railing", ["楰"] = "(tree)", ["極"] = "utmost; pole; extreme; to reach the limit", ["楷"] = "norm; model; (writing)", ["楸"] = "Catalpa; {{taxlink|Mallotus japonicus|species}}", ["楹"] = "pillar", ["概"] = "general; approximate", ["榃"] = "raised path between fields", ["榆"] = "elm", ["榎"] = "(evergreen shrub); {{taxlink|Celtis sinensis|species}}", ["榔"] = "(tree)", ["榕"] = "banyan tree; {{taxlink|Ficus wightiana|species}}", ["榖"] = "paper mulberry tree", ["榛"] = "hazel tree; {{taxlink|Corylus heterophylla|species}}", ["榜"] = "a notice or announcement; a list of names; public roll of successful examinees", ["榠"] = "Chinese quince", ["榡"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus dentata|species}}", ["榤"] = "a stump on which chickens roost", ["榥"] = "screen", ["榦"] = "tree trunk", ["榧"] = "''[[Torreya grandis]]''", ["榨"] = "salted vegetable; to extract", ["榪"] = "headboard", ["榫"] = "tenon and mortise", ["榭"] = "pavilion", ["榮"] = "glory; honoured", ["榱"] = "small rafter", ["榴"] = "pomegranate", ["榷"] = "footbridge; toll, levy; monopoly", ["榻"] = "couch", ["榼"] = "{{taxlink|Pusaetha scandens|species}}", ["榾"] = "scraps of wood", ["榿"] = "alder", ["槁"] = "dry; rotten (as wood)", ["槃"] = "big; wooden tray", ["槊"] = "long lance", ["構"] = "''[[Broussonetia papyrifera]]''; to construct; to form; to make up; to compose", ["槌"] = "hammer; mallet; pestle", ["槍"] = "gun; firearm; rifle; spear", ["槎"] = "a raft made of bamboo or wood; to fell trees; to hew", ["槐"] = "''[[Styphnolobium japonicum]]'' (syn. {{taxlink|Sophora japonica|species}})", ["槓"] = "carrying pole; horizontal bar", ["槔"] = "water pulley", ["槢"] = "a hard wood", ["槥"] = "coffin", ["槧"] = "wooden tablet; edition", ["槨"] = "outer coffin", ["槱"] = "ritual bonfire", ["槲"] = "oak; {{taxlink|Quercus dentata|species}}", ["槳"] = "oar; paddle", ["槻"] = "zelkova tree", ["槼"] = "{{taxlink|Elaeocarpus japonica|species}}", ["槽"] = "manger; trough; groove", ["槾"] = "(tree)", ["槿"] = "''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]''; transient", ["樁"] = "item; stump; stake; pile", ["樂"] = "music; happy; laugh; cheerful", ["樅"] = "{{taxlink|Abies firma|species}}", ["樊"] = "cage; fence", ["樏"] = "mountain-climbing shoes", ["樑"] = "beam of roof", ["樓"] = "house with more than 1 story; storied building; floor", ["樕"] = "shrub", ["樗"] = "[[Simaroubaceae]]", ["標"] = "the topmost branches of a tree; surface; sign; to mark; (outward) sign; indication; prize; award; bid", ["樛"] = "''surname''; hang down", ["樞"] = "hinge; pivot", ["樟"] = "camphor; ''[[Cinnamomum camphora]]''", ["樠"] = "elm; gum", ["模"] = "imitate; model; norm; pattern", ["樣"] = "manner; pattern; way; appearance; shape", ["樧"] = "{{taxlink|Zanthoxylum ailanthoides|species}}", ["樲"] = "acid variety of jujube plum", ["樴"] = "stake; picket", ["樵"] = "firewood; gather wood", ["樸"] = "Pak or Park (Korean surname); plain and simple", ["樹"] = "tree", ["樺"] = "{{taxlink|Betula japonica|species}}", ["樽"] = "goblet; bottle; wine-jar", ["樾"] = "shade of trees", ["樿"] = "(wood)", ["橁"] = "{{taxlink|Fraxinus bungeana|species}}", ["橆"] = "without, apart from, none; a negative", ["橈"] = "bent or twisted piece of wood", ["橋"] = "bridge", ["橐"] = "sack; tube for blowing fire", ["橕"] = "a prop; a shore", ["橘"] = "tangerine", ["橙"] = "orange tree; the colour orange; orange", ["橚"] = "tall and straight (of trees)", ["橛"] = "a peg; low post", ["機"] = "machine; opportunity; secret", ["橡"] = "{{vern|jolcham oak}} ({{taxlink|Quercus serrata|species}})", ["橢"] = "ellipse", ["橤"] = "dangle; hang loosely", ["橧"] = "dwelling on top of wooden stakes", ["橫"] = "unruly; horizontal; across; (horizontal character stroke)", ["橿"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glauca|species}}", ["檀"] = "sandal wood", ["檁"] = "cross-beam; ridge-pole", ["檄"] = "dispatch; order", ["檇"] = "wooden pestle or rammer", ["檉"] = "tamarisk", ["檍"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glauca|species}}", ["檐"] = "eaves", ["檑"] = "logs rolled down in defence of city", ["檔"] = "cross-piece; official records; grade (of goods); file; records; shelves", ["檖"] = "(tree)", ["檗"] = "{{taxlink|Phyllodendron amurense|species}}", ["檜"] = "{{taxlink|Juniperus chinensis|species}}", ["檟"] = "{{taxlink|Thea sinensis|species}}", ["檠"] = "instrument for straightening bows", ["檢"] = "to check; to examine; to inspect", ["檣"] = "boom; mast", ["檨"] = "mango", ["檬"] = "lemon", ["檮"] = "blockhead; wood-block", ["檯"] = "table; desk", ["檴"] = "(tree)", ["檸"] = "lemon", ["檻"] = "door sill; threshold; bar; railing", ["櫂"] = "oar, scull, paddle; row", ["櫃"] = "cupboard; cabinet; wardrobe", ["櫌"] = "harrow", ["櫓"] = "sculling oar", ["櫚"] = "", ["櫛"] = "comb out; weed out, eliminate", ["櫜"] = "weapon case", ["櫝"] = "cabinet; case; casket", ["櫞"] = "''[[Citrus medica]]''", ["櫟"] = "{{vern|jolcham oak}} ({{taxlink|Quercus serrata|species}})", ["櫥"] = "a wardrobe; case; cabinet", ["櫧"] = "{{taxlink|Quercus glanca|species}}", ["櫨"] = "capital (of column); smoke tree", ["櫪"] = "stable", ["櫫"] = "{{taxlink|Zelkova acuminata|species}}", ["櫬"] = "{{taxlink|Sterculia plantanifolia|species}}; coffin", ["櫱"] = "shoots from an old stump", ["櫳"] = "bar; cage; gratings", ["櫸"] = "{{taxlink|Zeikowa acuminata|species}}", ["櫺"] = "lattice", ["櫻"] = "cherry", ["欃"] = "''[[Santalum album]]''; comet", ["欄"] = "fence; railing; hurdle; column; box (as on a document)", ["權"] = "authority; power; right", ["欐"] = "beam", ["欑"] = "gather", ["欒"] = "{{taxlink|Koelreuteria paniculata|species}}", ["欖"] = "olive", ["欙"] = "sedan", ["欞"] = "the lattice of a window a sill, a lintel", ["欠"] = "deficient; owe; to lack; yawn", ["次"] = "number of times; order; sequence; next; second(ary); (measure word)", ["欣"] = "happy", ["欨"] = "to blow or breathe upon to smile", ["欬"] = "cough; sound of laughter", ["欲"] = "desire; longing; appetite; wish", ["欷"] = "to sob", ["欹"] = "interjection", ["欺"] = "take unfair advantage of; to deceive; to cheat", ["欻"] = "suddenly; (onomat.); a crashing sound", ["欼"] = "drink", ["欽"] = "royal", ["款"] = "section; paragraph; funds", ["欿"] = "discontented with oneself", ["歁"] = "unsatisfied (of eating)", ["歃"] = "drink", ["歆"] = "pleased; moved", ["歇"] = "to rest", ["歈"] = "songs", ["歉"] = "apologize; deficient; to regret", ["歊"] = "vapour; steam", ["歌"] = "song", ["歎"] = "to sigh", ["歐"] = "''surname''; Europe", ["歔"] = "to snort", ["歕"] = "to puff; to spout", ["歙"] = "name of a district in Anhui", ["歛"] = "arrange; control oneself; gather", ["歜"] = "(person); angry", ["歟"] = "(interrog. part.)", ["歠"] = "sip; suck", ["歡"] = "joyous; happy; pleased", ["止"] = "to stop; prohibit; till", ["正"] = "just (right); main; upright; straight; correct; principle; Chinese 1st month of year", ["此"] = "this; these", ["步"] = "a step; a pace; walk; march; stages in a process", ["武"] = "martial; military", ["歧"] = "divergent; side road", ["歪"] = "askew", ["歲"] = "year; years old; (a measure word)", ["歷"] = "to experience; to undergo; to pass through; all; each; every; calendar", ["歸"] = "to go back; to return", ["歹"] = "bad; wicked; evil", ["死"] = "to die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid", ["歾"] = "to end; to die", ["歿"] = "to end; to die", ["殀"] = "die young, die prematurely", ["殂"] = "die", ["殃"] = "calamity", ["殄"] = "exterminate", ["殆"] = "dangerous; perilous; endanger; almost; probably; only", ["殈"] = "damage egg so it does not hatch", ["殉"] = "buried with dead; die for a cause", ["殊"] = "unique", ["殍"] = "die of starvation", ["殑"] = "swoon", ["殖"] = "grow; reproduce", ["殗"] = "sickness; repeated", ["殘"] = "destroy; spoil; ruin; injure; cruel; oppressive; savage; incomplete; disabled", ["殙"] = "to die by taking poison", ["殛"] = "put to death", ["殞"] = "perish; die", ["殢"] = "fatigue", ["殣"] = "die of hunger", ["殤"] = "die prematurely", ["殪"] = "exterminate", ["殫"] = "entirely; to exhaust", ["殭"] = "stiff (corpse)", ["殮"] = "prepare body for coffin", ["殯"] = "a funeral; to encoffin a corpse; to carry to burial", ["殰"] = "an abortion; stillborn", ["殲"] = "annihilate", ["殳"] = "''surname''; spear", ["段"] = "paragraph; section; segment", ["殷"] = "''surname''; dynasty; flourishing; roll of thunder; dark red", ["殺"] = "to kill; to murder; to slaughter", ["殼"] = "shell", ["殽"] = "mixed; viands", ["殿"] = "palace hall", ["毀"] = "to destroy; to damage; to ruin", ["毅"] = "perseverance", ["毆"] = "brawl", ["毈"] = "infertile egg", ["毋"] = "no; not", ["母"] = "female; mother", ["每"] = "each; every", ["毒"] = "poison; narcotics", ["毓"] = "to nourish; to rear", ["比"] = "side by side; compare; to gesture; than; ratio", ["毖"] = "careful; prevent", ["毗"] = "adjoin; border", ["毘"] = "adjoin; border", ["毚"] = "cunning; artful", ["毛"] = "hair; fur; one tenth of a yuan or dollar", ["毧"] = "down; felt", ["毫"] = "hair; drawing brush; (in the) least; one thousandth", ["毬"] = "ball", ["毯"] = "blanket; rug", ["毳"] = "fine animal hair", ["毷"] = "restless", ["毽"] = "jianzi", ["毿"] = "long-haired; shaggy", ["氂"] = "tail; tuft of hair", ["氄"] = "down or fine hair", ["氅"] = "overcoat", ["氈"] = "felt", ["氉"] = "restless, melancholy", ["氏"] = "clan name; maiden name", ["氐"] = "foundation; on the whole; name of an ancient tribe", ["民"] = "the people; nationality; citizen", ["氓"] = "people; vagrant; ruffian", ["气"] = "air; anger; gas", ["氕"] = "protium", ["氖"] = "neon", ["氘"] = "deuterium", ["氙"] = "xenon", ["氚"] = "tritium", ["氛"] = "miasma; vapour", ["氝"] = "neon", ["氟"] = "fluorine", ["氡"] = "radon", ["氣"] = "gas; air; smell; weather; vital breath; to make someone angry; to get angry; to be enraged", ["氥"] = "xenon", ["氦"] = "helium", ["氧"] = "oxygen", ["氨"] = "ammonia", ["氪"] = "krypton", ["氫"] = "hydrogen", ["氬"] = "argonium", ["氮"] = "nitrogen", ["氯"] = "chlorine", ["氰"] = "cyanogen; ethane dinitrile", ["氳"] = "heavy atmosphere", ["水"] = "water; river", ["永"] = "forever; always; perpetual(ly)", ["氾"] = "extensive; to overflow", ["氿"] = "mountain spring", ["汀"] = "sand-bank", ["汁"] = "juice", ["求"] = "to seek; to look for; to request; to demand; to beseech", ["汆"] = "boil for a short time", ["汊"] = "branching stream", ["汋"] = "to pour", ["汍"] = "shed tears", ["汎"] = "broad; vast; float; pan-", ["汐"] = "night tides; evening ebbtide", ["汔"] = "near", ["汕"] = "Swatow", ["汗"] = "perspiration; sweat", ["汛"] = "high water; sprinkle water", ["汜"] = "stream which returns after branching", ["汝"] = "thou", ["汞"] = "mercury", ["江"] = "river", ["池"] = "pond; reservoir", ["污"] = "dirt; filth", ["汧"] = "name of a river in Shangdong; marsh; float", ["汨"] = "name of a river", ["汩"] = "confused; extinguished", ["汪"] = "expanse of water; ooze; barking", ["汭"] = "river-bend", ["汰"] = "to discard; to eliminate; too", ["汲"] = "draw water from well", ["汳"] = "Henan; name of an ancient river", ["汴"] = "name of a river in Henan; Henan", ["汶"] = "name of a river", ["決"] = "breach (a dyke); to decide; to determine", ["汽"] = "steam; vapour", ["汾"] = "name of a river", ["沁"] = "name of a river", ["沂"] = "name of a river", ["沃"] = "fertile; rich", ["沄"] = "rushing of a torrent", ["沅"] = "name of a river", ["沆"] = "a ferry; fog; flowing", ["沇"] = "''surname''", ["沈"] = "sink; ''surname''; place name", ["沉"] = "submerge; immerse; sink; deep; profound; to lower; to drop", ["沌"] = "confused; turbid", ["沍"] = "congealed; frozen", ["沏"] = "to steep (tea)", ["沐"] = "bathe; cleanse; receive favours", ["沒"] = "have not; drowned; to end; to die; to inundate", ["沓"] = "again and again; many", ["沔"] = "inundation; name of a river", ["沕"] = "abstruse; profound", ["沖"] = "strong; powerful; forceful; dynamic; to punch; to rinse; to collide; to water; to rush; to dash (against); to wash out; to charge; highway; public road", ["沘"] = "name of a river", ["沙"] = "granule; hoarse; raspy; sand; powder; tsar", ["沚"] = "islet", ["沛"] = "copious; abundant", ["沫"] = "foam; suds", ["沬"] = "dawn; place name", ["沭"] = "river in Shandong", ["沮"] = "destroy; to stop", ["沰"] = "to let drop", ["沱"] = "tearful; to branch (of river)", ["河"] = "river", ["沴"] = "miasma", ["沷"] = "to remove evil; to cleanse; to wash away", ["沸"] = "boil", ["油"] = "oil; sly", ["沺"] = "turbulent", ["治"] = "to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); cure; treatment; to heal", ["沼"] = "pond; pool", ["沽"] = "buy; sell", ["沾"] = "infected by; moisten; receive favours", ["沿"] = "riverside (with -r); along", ["況"] = "moreover; situation", ["泂"] = "vast", ["泄"] = "divulge; leak out", ["泅"] = "submerge; swim under water", ["泆"] = "licentious, libertine, dissipate", ["泉"] = "fountain; spring", ["泊"] = "to anchor; touch at; to moor", ["泌"] = "secrete; pour off", ["泐"] = "write", ["泑"] = "the vitreous glaze on china, porcelain, etc.", ["泒"] = "name of a river", ["泓"] = "clear; vast and deep", ["泔"] = "slop from rinsing rice", ["法"] = "law; method; way; Buddhist teaching; Legalist; France (abbrev.)", ["泖"] = "still water", ["泗"] = "place name; snivel", ["泙"] = "sound of water splashing", ["泚"] = "clear; bright and brilliant; swea", ["泛"] = "float; general; vague", ["泜"] = "a river in Hebei province", ["泝"] = "go upstream; trace the source", ["泠"] = "''surname''; sound of water flowing", ["泡"] = "to steep; soak; bubble(s); foam; puffed; swollen", ["波"] = "wave; (''Cantonese'') ball", ["泣"] = "to sob", ["泥"] = "restrained; mud; paste; pulp", ["注"] = "to inject; to pour into; to concentrate; to pay attention; to note; to comment on; to record; to register; to annotate", ["泩"] = "rising of water", ["泫"] = "weep", ["泭"] = "a raft", ["泮"] = "melt", ["泯"] = "obliterate; submerge", ["泰"] = "safe; peaceful; most; Thai(land); grand", ["泱"] = "agitated (wind, cloud); boundless", ["泲"] = "clear wine; name of a river", ["泳"] = "swimming; to swim", ["泵"] = "pump", ["洄"] = "eddy; whirlpool", ["洊"] = "flowing water; successive", ["洋"] = "ocean; foreign", ["洌"] = "pure; cleanse", ["洎"] = "to reach; when", ["洏"] = "to flow (as water; tears)", ["洑"] = "undercurrent eddy", ["洒"] = "spill; sprinkle", ["洗"] = "to wash; to bathe", ["洙"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["洚"] = "flood", ["洛"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["洞"] = "cave; hole", ["洟"] = "snivel", ["津"] = "Tianjin; ferry", ["洧"] = "name of a river", ["洨"] = "river in hebei province", ["洩"] = "divulge; leak out", ["洪"] = "flood", ["洫"] = "to ditch; a moat", ["洮"] = "cleanse; name of a river", ["洱"] = "name of a river", ["洲"] = "continent; island", ["洳"] = "damp, boggy, marshy", ["洴"] = "wash; bleach (fabric)", ["洵"] = "truly; whirlpool", ["洶"] = "torrential rush; tumultuous", ["洸"] = "sparkling water", ["洹"] = "name of a river", ["洺"] = "name of a river", ["活"] = "to live; alive; living; work; workmanship", ["洼"] = "winding ditch", ["洽"] = "accord; make contact", ["派"] = "clique; school; group; faction; to dispatch", ["洿"] = "dig (a pond); stagnant water", ["流"] = "to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move", ["浙"] = "Zhejiang", ["浚"] = "deepen; enlighten; profound", ["浜"] = "stream; creek", ["浠"] = "name of a river in Hubei", ["浡"] = "full; gushing (of fountain)", ["浣"] = "to wash; to rinse; 10 day period in the month (during Tang dynasty)", ["浤"] = "sound of water surging", ["浥"] = "damp; moist", ["浦"] = "riverside; river mouth", ["浩"] = "grand; vast (water)", ["浪"] = "wave; breaker; unrestrained; dissipated", ["浬"] = "nautical mile", ["浭"] = "name of a river in Hebei", ["浮"] = "to float", ["浰"] = "attend (official functions)", ["浴"] = "bath; to bathe", ["海"] = "ocean; sea", ["浸"] = "immerse; soak; steep", ["浼"] = "ask a favour of", ["涂"] = "to smear; daub; to apply (paint); to spread", ["涅"] = "blacken", ["涇"] = "name of a river", ["消"] = "consume; news; subside; to disappear; to vanish", ["涉"] = "involve; concern; wade; to experience", ["涊"] = "muddy water", ["涌"] = "bubble up; rush forth", ["涎"] = "saliva; shamelessly", ["涑"] = "name of a river", ["涒"] = "planet Jupiter; vomit", ["涓"] = "brook; to select", ["涔"] = "overflow; rainwater; tearful", ["涕"] = "nasal mucus; tears", ["涘"] = "river bank", ["涪"] = "name of a river", ["涬"] = "watery expanse", ["涮"] = "rinse", ["涯"] = "border; horizon; shore", ["液"] = "liquid; fluid", ["涴"] = "to soil", ["涵"] = "contain", ["涷"] = "rainstorm", ["涸"] = "to dry; to dry up", ["涼"] = "cool; cold", ["涿"] = "place name", ["淀"] = "shallow water", ["淄"] = "black; name of a river", ["淅"] = "sound of rain; sleet etc.", ["淇"] = "name of a river", ["淊"] = "drown; submerge", ["淋"] = "diseases of the bladder; to drain; to drip", ["淌"] = "drip; to shed (tears)", ["淒"] = "intense cold; mournful", ["淓"] = "name of a river", ["淖"] = "slush; mud", ["淘"] = "cleanse; eliminate; to clean out; to wash", ["淙"] = "noise of water", ["淚"] = "tears", ["淜"] = "roar of dashing waves", ["淝"] = "name of a river", ["淞"] = "name of a river", ["淟"] = "turbid; muddy", ["淠"] = "luxuriant (of water plants)", ["淡"] = "insipid; diluted; weak; light in colour; tasteless; fresh; indifferent; nitrogen", ["淢"] = "moat; swift current", ["淤"] = "silt", ["淥"] = "clear (water); strain liquids", ["淦"] = "name of a river", ["淨"] = "clean; completely; only", ["淩"] = "''surname''; encroach; soar", ["淪"] = "perish", ["淫"] = "excessive; wanton; lewd; kinky; obscene", ["淬"] = "dip into water; to temper", ["淮"] = "name of a river", ["淰"] = "calm water", ["深"] = "deep; profound", ["淳"] = "genuine; pure; honest", ["淵"] = "abyss", ["淶"] = "brook; ripple", ["混"] = "to mix; to get along; thoughtless; confused; dirty; mix", ["淹"] = "drown; submerge", ["淺"] = "shallow; sound of moving water", ["添"] = "to add; to increase; to replenish", ["淼"] = "a flood; infinity", ["清"] = "clear; distinct; complete; pure", ["渙"] = "disperse expansive (of river)", ["渚"] = "islet; bank", ["減"] = "to lower; to decrease; to reduce; to subtract; to diminish", ["渝"] = "Chongqing", ["渟"] = "stagnant water", ["渠"] = "big; stream or canal; drain; ditch", ["渡"] = "to cross; to pass through; to ferry", ["渢"] = "buoyant; floating", ["渣"] = "dregs", ["渤"] = "Bohai Sea", ["渥"] = "enrich; moisten", ["渦"] = "eddy; whirlpool; name of a river", ["渧"] = "to drop, as liquids; a drop", ["渨"] = "a cove, a bay; a bend or nook in the hills; the curve of a bow", ["渫"] = "''surname''; get rid of; scatter", ["測"] = "side; to lean; to survey; to measure; conjecture", ["渭"] = "name of a river", ["渮"] = "place name", ["港"] = "harbour; Hong Kong (abbrev.)", ["渰"] = "(of cloud) forming or rising", ["渲"] = "wash (colour)", ["渴"] = "thirsty", ["游"] = "to walk; to tour; to roam; to swim; to travel", ["渺"] = "vague; remote", ["渼"] = "ripple pattern", ["渾"] = "muddy", ["湃"] = "to soak something in cold water to cool", ["湄"] = "brink; edge", ["湅"] = "boil raw silk", ["湊"] = "assemble; put together; press near; come together", ["湋"] = "to flow back (of water)", ["湍"] = "to rush (of water)", ["湎"] = "drunk", ["湑"] = "abundant; bright; strain spirits", ["湓"] = "flowing of water; name of a river", ["湔"] = "cleanse; name of a river", ["湖"] = "lake", ["湘"] = "name of a river; Hunan province (abbrev.)", ["湛"] = "deep; clear (water)", ["湜"] = "clear water; pure", ["湝"] = "flowing (of water)", ["湞"] = "river in Guangdong province", ["湟"] = "name of a river", ["湢"] = "public bathhouse", ["湣"] = "mixed, confused; pity", ["湧"] = "bubble up; rush forth", ["湩"] = "muddy, turbid; milk", ["湫"] = "marsh", ["湮"] = "to submerge", ["湯"] = "soup; hot water", ["湱"] = "dashing of waves", ["湲"] = "rushing (water)", ["溈"] = "name of a river in Shanxi", ["溉"] = "irrigate", ["溎"] = "name of a river", ["溏"] = "noncoagulative; pond", ["源"] = "root; source; origin", ["準"] = "accurate; standard", ["溘"] = "suddenly", ["溛"] = "to form hollow; pit", ["溜"] = "slip away; to skate", ["溝"] = "ditch; gutter", ["溟"] = "drizzle; sea", ["溠"] = "name of a river", ["溢"] = "overflow", ["溤"] = "name of a river", ["溥"] = "extensive; pervading", ["溦"] = "drizzle; (variant) valley; (variant) mould", ["溧"] = "name of a river", ["溪"] = "creek", ["溫"] = "(luke)warm; to review", ["溮"] = "river in Henan province", ["溯"] = "go upstream; trace the source", ["溱"] = "name of a river", ["溲"] = "urinate", ["溳"] = "river name", ["溴"] = "bromine", ["溶"] = "dissolve", ["溷"] = "disordered; privy", ["溺"] = "urinate; urine; drown; indulge; be addicted to", ["溼"] = "wet", ["溽"] = "damp; muggy", ["溾"] = "light rain", ["滁"] = "name of a river", ["滂"] = "rushing (water)", ["滃"] = "float (of clouds)", ["滄"] = "blue; green (colour of water); cold; vast (of water)", ["滅"] = "extinguish", ["滇"] = "Yunnan", ["滉"] = "bright expanse of water", ["滊"] = "[not in any dict., assumed var.]", ["滋"] = "excite; nourish; this", ["滌"] = "wash; cleanse", ["滎"] = "place name", ["滏"] = "name of a river in Hebei", ["滑"] = "comical; cunning; slippery; smooth", ["滓"] = "dregs; sediment", ["滔"] = "overflow; torrent-dash", ["滕"] = "''surname''; place name", ["滘"] = "place name in Guangdong", ["滫"] = "water in which rice was boiled", ["滬"] = "Shanghai", ["滮"] = "flowing of water", ["滯"] = "sluggish", ["滲"] = "to seep; to ooze; to horrify", ["滴"] = "a drop; to drip", ["滷"] = "brine; salt; gravy", ["滸"] = "bank of a river", ["滹"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["滾"] = "to boil; to roll", ["滿"] = "to fill; to fulfil; filled; packed; Manchurian", ["漁"] = "fisherman; to fish", ["漂"] = "to bleach; elegant; polished; to float; to drift", ["漆"] = "paint; lacquer", ["漈"] = "river bank", ["漉"] = "strain liquids", ["漊"] = "drizzle", ["漎"] = "a place where small streams flow into a large one", ["漏"] = "funnel; to leak; to let out; to divulge", ["漓"] = "pattering (of rain); seep through", ["演"] = "to develop; to evolve; to practise; to perform; to play; to act", ["漕"] = "transport by water; watercourse; canal", ["漘"] = "shore", ["漙"] = "heavy dew", ["漚"] = "steep; bubble; froth", ["漠"] = "desert; unconcerned", ["漢"] = "Chinese; name of a dynasty; man", ["漣"] = "ripple; tearful", ["漦"] = "go with current; mucus; spittle", ["漩"] = "eddy", ["漪"] = "ripple", ["漫"] = "free; unrestrained; inundate", ["漬"] = "saturate; soak", ["漭"] = "vast; expansive (of water)", ["漯"] = "name of a river", ["漰"] = "noise of dashing waves", ["漱"] = "to gargle; rinse (mouth); to wash; to scour", ["漲"] = "to swell; distend; to rise (of prices, rivers, etc.)", ["漳"] = "name of a river", ["漵"] = "name of a river", ["漶"] = "indecipherable", ["漷"] = "clashing of two currents", ["漸"] = "gradual; gradually; imbue", ["漼"] = "having the appearance of depth", ["漾"] = "overflow; swirl, ripple; be tossed", ["漿"] = "starch paste; broth; serum; to starch", ["潀"] = "gather; flow into (water); sound of waters flowing together", ["潁"] = "name of a river", ["潎"] = "rippling; pour", ["潏"] = "bubble up", ["潑"] = "splash; to spill; violent", ["潔"] = "clean", ["潕"] = "river in Henan", ["潗"] = "friendly; harmonious", ["潘"] = "''surname''", ["潚"] = "sound of rain and wind", ["潛"] = "hidden; latent; secret; to hide; to conceal; to submerge", ["潝"] = "agree", ["潞"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["潟"] = "saline land", ["潠"] = "spurt out of the mouth", ["潢"] = "dye paper; lake; pond; mount scroll", ["潤"] = "smooth; moist", ["潦"] = "flooded; heavy rain", ["潭"] = "deep; deep pool; pit", ["潮"] = "tide; current; damp; moist; humid", ["潯"] = "name of a river; steep bank", ["潰"] = "be dispersed; break down", ["潲"] = "driving rain; to sprinkle", ["潸"] = "tearfully", ["潺"] = "flow; trickle (of water)", ["潼"] = "high; name of a pass", ["潾"] = "clear (as of water)", ["潿"] = "still water", ["澀"] = "grating (of surfaces); tart; acerbic", ["澂"] = "clear and still water", ["澄"] = "settle (liquid); clear; limpid; clarify; purify; ''surname''", ["澆"] = "to water", ["澇"] = "flooded", ["澈"] = "clear (water); thorough", ["澉"] = "place name; wash", ["澌"] = "drain dry; to exhaust", ["澍"] = "moisture; timely rain", ["澐"] = "river waves", ["澒"] = "vast; infinite", ["澔"] = "grand; vast (of water)", ["澗"] = "mountain stream", ["澠"] = "name of a river in Shandong", ["澡"] = "bath", ["澣"] = "cleanse; bathe", ["澤"] = "beneficence; marsh", ["澥"] = "become watery; creek", ["澦"] = "place name in Sichuan", ["澧"] = "''surname''; name of a river", ["澨"] = "bank; shore; name of a river", ["澬"] = "to rain continuously", ["澮"] = "drain; stream", ["澰"] = "full of water; trough", ["澱"] = "sediment; precipitate", ["澳"] = "deep bay; cove; bay; harbour; Australia (abbrev.); Macao", ["澴"] = "to return (of waves)", ["澶"] = "still (as of water); still water", ["澹"] = "tranquil; placid; quiet", ["澼"] = "bleach; to clean", ["激"] = "to arouse; to incite; to excite; to stimulate; sharp; fierce; violent", ["濁"] = "impure; muddy", ["濂"] = "name of a river in Hunan", ["濃"] = "concentrated; dense", ["濆"] = "edge of water", ["濇"] = "grating (of surfaces)", ["濈"] = "many", ["濉"] = "name of a river", ["濊"] = "vast; expansive (as of water)", ["濔"] = "many; numerous", ["濕"] = "moist; wet", ["濘"] = "muddy", ["濛"] = "drizzle; mist", ["濜"] = "river in Hubei province", ["濟"] = "aid; ferry; frugal", ["濠"] = "trench", ["濡"] = "dilatory; to moisten", ["濤"] = "big wave", ["濩"] = "cook; dashing of water", ["濫"] = "excessive; indiscriminate", ["濬"] = "deepen; enlighten; profound", ["濮"] = "name of a river", ["濯"] = "rinse; to cleanse", ["濰"] = "name of a river", ["濱"] = "shore; beach; coast; bank", ["濲"] = "name of a river in Hunan", ["濺"] = "splash", ["濼"] = "name of a river", ["濾"] = "to strain; to filter", ["瀁"] = "ripples", ["瀅"] = "clear; limpid (of water)", ["瀆"] = "ditch; trouble (some one to do)", ["瀉"] = "to flow (out) swiftly; diarrhoea", ["瀋"] = "place name; pour", ["瀌"] = "copious (of rain; snow)", ["瀍"] = "name of a river", ["瀏"] = "clear; deep (of water); swift", ["瀑"] = "waterfall; shower (rain)", ["瀔"] = "river name in Henan province", ["瀕"] = "near", ["瀘"] = "name of a river in Jiangxi; place name", ["瀚"] = "ocean; vastness", ["瀛"] = "ocean", ["瀝"] = "drip", ["瀟"] = "river name; sound of rain and wind", ["瀠"] = "eddy; small river", ["瀡"] = "slippery", ["瀣"] = "mist; vapour", ["瀦"] = "place where water stays", ["瀧"] = "name of a river in Guangdong; torrential (rain)", ["瀨"] = "name of a river; rushing of water", ["瀰"] = "overflowing", ["瀲"] = "full of water; trough", ["瀳"] = "to arrive (of water)", ["瀵"] = "name of a river; valley vapour", ["瀹"] = "cleanse; to boil", ["瀺"] = "sound of water", ["瀼"] = "dewy", ["瀾"] = "swelling water", ["灃"] = "name of a river", ["灄"] = "name of a river", ["灉"] = "name of a river; sluice", ["灌"] = "irrigate; pour", ["灑"] = "spill; sprinkle", ["灒"] = "to spatter, to splash, to scatter", ["灕"] = "name of a river; seep through", ["灘"] = "beach; shoal", ["灝"] = "vast (of water)", ["灞"] = "name of a river", ["灠"] = "pickle fruits", ["灢"] = "muddy; thick, muddy water", ["灣"] = "bay; gulf", ["灤"] = "name of a river", ["灥"] = "a group of springs", ["灨"] = "the River Gan in Jiangxi", ["灩"] = "tossing of billows", ["火"] = "fire; angry; fierce; fiery; thriving", ["灰"] = "grey; ash", ["灴"] = "to bake, to roast; to dry at a fire", ["灶"] = "kitchen stove", ["灸"] = "cauterize; moxibustion", ["灺"] = "candle stub", ["灼"] = "brilliant; cauterize", ["災"] = "disaster; calamity", ["炅"] = "''surname''", ["炊"] = "dress food; to steam; to cook food", ["炎"] = "flame; inflammation; -itis", ["炒"] = "saute; pan-fry; to fry; fried", ["炔"] = "alkyne", ["炕"] = "kang (a heatable brick bed)", ["炖"] = "stew slowly", ["炘"] = "mid-day glare; heat", ["炙"] = "broil", ["炤"] = "''surname''; shine on", ["炫"] = "dazzle; to show off", ["炬"] = "torch", ["炭"] = "charcoal", ["炮"] = "cannon; gun; firecracker", ["炯"] = "bright; clear", ["炰"] = "to roast", ["炱"] = "soot", ["炳"] = "bright; brilliant; luminous", ["炷"] = "candlewick; incense stick", ["炸"] = "explode; fry", ["為"] = "because of; for; to; act as; take...to be; to be; to do; to serve as; to become", ["烈"] = "ardent; intense; split; crack; rend", ["烊"] = "molten; smelt", ["烋"] = "to boil or fumigate", ["烏"] = "a crow; black; not; empty; void", ["烓"] = "three-cornered stove", ["烔"] = "hot; heated", ["烘"] = "bake; heat by fire", ["烙"] = "bake; flat iron; large cake", ["烜"] = "brilliant", ["烝"] = "advance; many; steam", ["烤"] = "to roast; bake; to broil", ["烯"] = "alkene", ["烳"] = "to travel by the light of torch", ["烴"] = "hydrocarbon", ["烷"] = "alkane", ["烹"] = "cuisine; cooking", ["烺"] = "blaze; light", ["烽"] = "beacon fire", ["焄"] = "fumes from sacrifice", ["焉"] = "where; how", ["焊"] = "welding", ["焌"] = "set fire", ["焓"] = "enthalpy", ["焙"] = "to dry over a fire; to bake", ["焚"] = "burn", ["焜"] = "brilliant", ["焞"] = "dim", ["焠"] = "to temper (as steel)", ["無"] = "not have", ["焦"] = "burnt; scorched; worried; anxious", ["焮"] = "heat; flame; inflammation", ["焰"] = "flame", ["焱"] = "flames", ["然"] = "so; thus; like this; -ly; correct; right", ["煁"] = "brazier", ["煃"] = "fiery; blazing", ["煆"] = "raging fire", ["煇"] = "bright; glorious", ["煉"] = "refine; smelt", ["煌"] = "brilliant", ["煍"] = "to colour by smoke", ["煎"] = "pan-fry", ["煐"] = "(person)", ["煒"] = "glow; raging fire", ["煖"] = "warm", ["煙"] = "cigarette; tobacco; smoke", ["煚"] = "fire", ["煜"] = "brilliant; glorious", ["煝"] = "be radiant; flaming; drought", ["煞"] = "baleful; bring to a stop; very; decrease; tighten", ["煟"] = "radiance of fire", ["煠"] = "to fry in fat or oil; to scald", ["煢"] = "alone", ["煤"] = "coal", ["煥"] = "brilliant; lustrous", ["照"] = "according to; in accordance with; to shine; to illuminate; to reflect; photograph", ["煨"] = "simmer; to roast in ashes", ["煩"] = "feel vexed; to bother", ["煬"] = "molten; smelt", ["煮"] = "to cook; to boil", ["煲"] = "pot or saucepan; to boil; cook or heat", ["煻"] = "to warm; to toast", ["煽"] = "fan into a flame; incite", ["熀"] = "dazzle", ["熄"] = "(v) extinguish; quench; go out (of fire)", ["熅"] = "to iron", ["熇"] = "dry", ["熉"] = "(yellow colour)", ["熊"] = "bear; to scold; to rebuke", ["熏"] = "to smoke; scent; fumigate", ["熒"] = "glimmer; glimmering; dazzling; perplexed; {{taxfmt|Polygonatum odoratum|species}} (syn. ''P. officinale'')", ["熔"] = "to smelt; fuse", ["熗"] = "cook in soy", ["熙"] = "prosperous; splendid", ["熛"] = "blaze; flame flaring", ["熟"] = "familiar; skilled; ripe; done; cooked", ["熠"] = "to glow; flash", ["熤"] = "(person)", ["熨"] = "an iron; to iron; reconciled; smooth", ["熬"] = "endure; to boil; stew; to simmer", ["熯"] = "to dry with fire", ["熰"] = "great drought; heat", ["熱"] = "heat; to heat up; fervent; hot (of weather); warm up", ["熲"] = "blaze", ["熳"] = "to spread", ["熵"] = "entropy", ["熸"] = "extinguish (of fire)", ["熹"] = "bright; warm", ["熾"] = "flame; blaze", ["熿"] = "brilliant", ["燀"] = "make a fire", ["燁"] = "blaze of fire; glorious", ["燂"] = "to heat; to scorch", ["燃"] = "burn; combustion", ["燄"] = "flame", ["燈"] = "lamp; light", ["燉"] = "stew", ["燊"] = "brisk; vigorous (of fire)", ["燋"] = "cauterize; scorch", ["燎"] = "singe", ["燏"] = "radiance of fire", ["燐"] = "phosphorus", ["燒"] = "to burn; to cook; to stew; to bake; to roast; fever", ["燔"] = "burn; to roast meat for sacrifice", ["燕"] = "swallow (bird); ''surname''; place name", ["燖"] = "warm up (food)", ["燙"] = "to scald; to burn; to iron; hot", ["燜"] = "cook in a covered vessel", ["營"] = "army; to deal in; to trade; to operate; to run; camp; nourishment; to manage", ["燠"] = "warm", ["燡"] = "blazing; radiant", ["燥"] = "dry; parched; impatient", ["燦"] = "glorious; bright; brilliant; lustrous; resplendent", ["燧"] = "fire; speculum", ["燨"] = "fire", ["燬"] = "blaze; destroy by fire", ["燭"] = "candle", ["燮"] = "harmony; harmonize", ["燴"] = "cooked in soy and vinegar", ["燹"] = "conflagration", ["燻"] = "to smoke; scent; fumigate", ["燼"] = "ashes; embers", ["燾"] = "cover over; to envelope", ["燿"] = "brilliant; glorious", ["爆"] = "to crack; to explode or burst", ["爇"] = "burn; heat; to burn", ["爍"] = "bright; luminous", ["爐"] = "stove", ["爓"] = "flame, brilliant", ["爚"] = "bright; fiery", ["爛"] = "rotten; decayed; well-cooked; mushy; broken; bad; to decay; completely", ["爝"] = "torch", ["爟"] = "light a fire", ["爨"] = "cooking-stove; to cook", ["爪"] = "claw", ["爬"] = "crawl; climb", ["爭"] = "struggle; fight", ["爰"] = "therefore; to lead on to", ["爵"] = "nobility; (ancient wine holder with 3 legs and loop handle)", ["父"] = "father", ["爸"] = "father; dad; pa; papa", ["爹"] = "dad", ["爺"] = "grandpa; etc.; old gentleman", ["爻"] = "lines on a trigram", ["爽"] = "invigorating; straightforward; frank; open; bright; clear", ["爾"] = "thus; so; like that; you; thou", ["牁"] = "place name", ["牂"] = "female sheep; place name", ["牄"] = "to walk rapidly", ["牆"] = "wall", ["片"] = "a slice; piece; flake; thin; slice; disc; sheet", ["版"] = "a register; a block of printing; an edition; version; page", ["牋"] = "letter; note-paper", ["牌"] = "cards; game pieces; signboard; plate; tablet", ["牏"] = "short board; plank", ["牒"] = "(official) document; dispatch", ["牓"] = "tablet; register", ["牖"] = "enlighten; lattice window", ["牘"] = "documents", ["牙"] = "tooth; ivory", ["牛"] = "ox; cow; bull", ["牝"] = "female", ["牟"] = "barley; to moo; usurp", ["牠"] = "it (used for animals)", ["牡"] = "male", ["牢"] = "firm; fast", ["牣"] = "fill up; to stuff", ["牧"] = "shepherd", ["物"] = "thing; object; matter", ["牮"] = "prop up", ["牯"] = "bullock; cow", ["牲"] = "domestic animal", ["牳"] = "(bovine)", ["牴"] = "to butt; resist", ["牷"] = "one-colour bullock", ["牸"] = "female of domestic animals", ["特"] = "special; unusual; extraordinary; male animal", ["牼"] = "shank bone of ox", ["牽"] = "lead along", ["牾"] = "to oppose; to gore", ["牿"] = "shed or pen for cattle", ["犀"] = "rhinoceros", ["犁"] = "plough", ["犆"] = "male animal", ["犉"] = "ox", ["犍"] = "bullock", ["犒"] = "give a bonus to", ["犖"] = "brindled ox; clear; eminent", ["犛"] = "black ox; yak", ["犢"] = "calf; sacrificial victim", ["犧"] = "sacrifice", ["犨"] = "panting of cow; grunting of ox", ["犬"] = "dog", ["犯"] = "to violate; to offend", ["犴"] = "jail", ["犵"] = "name of a tribe", ["犺"] = "fierce dog", ["狀"] = "accusation; suit; state; condition; strong; great", ["狂"] = "conceited; mad", ["狃"] = "accustomed to", ["狄"] = "barbarians; name of a tribe", ["狆"] = "Pekingese", ["狉"] = "be teeming with wild animals; fox-cub", ["狋"] = "appearance of angry dogs; the appearance of dogs fighting", ["狍"] = "roe deer", ["狎"] = "get close to, become intimate with; to neglect; to tease", ["狐"] = "fox", ["狒"] = "hamadryad baboon", ["狗"] = "dog", ["狘"] = "jump", ["狙"] = "(ape); to spy; lie in ambush", ["狠"] = "ruthless; fierce; severe", ["狡"] = "crafty; cunning; sly", ["狨"] = "''[[Callithrix jacchus]]'' (syn. ''Hapale jacchus'')", ["狩"] = "to hunt; to embark on an imperial tour", ["狫"] = "(derogatory) name of a tribe", ["狴"] = "(tapir); mythical tiger-like beast", ["狷"] = "rash, impetuous, impulsive; reserved, overcautious", ["狸"] = "[[raccoon dog]]; [[leopard cat]]", ["狹"] = "narrow; limited; narrow-minded", ["狺"] = "snarling of dogs", ["狻"] = "(mythical animal)", ["狼"] = "wolf", ["狽"] = "a legendary wolf; distressed; wretched", ["猇"] = "the scream or roar of a tiger; to intimidate; to scare", ["猈"] = "dog with short shinbone", ["猊"] = "(mythical animal); lion", ["猋"] = "whirlwind", ["猓"] = "monkey", ["猖"] = "mad; wild", ["猗"] = "(interj.)", ["猘"] = "mad dog", ["猙"] = "hideous; fierce-looking", ["猛"] = "ferocious; suddenly; fierce; violent; abrupt", ["猜"] = "to guess", ["猝"] = "abrupt; hurried", ["猥"] = "humble; rustic; plentiful", ["猩"] = "ape", ["猭"] = "ape; ''[[Hylobates agilis]]''", ["猱"] = "(monkey); scratch", ["猲"] = "short-snout dog; frightened; terrified", ["猴"] = "monkey", ["猶"] = "as if; still", ["猷"] = "to plan; to scheme", ["猺"] = "Yao tribe", ["猾"] = "sly", ["猿"] = "ape", ["獀"] = "dog (dial.); to hunt", ["獃"] = "stay; stupid", ["獄"] = "prison", ["獅"] = "lion", ["獉"] = "jungle", ["獍"] = "an animal which eats its mother", ["獎"] = "prize; award; encouragement", ["獐"] = "river deer; roebuck", ["獒"] = "mastiff", ["獗"] = "unruly; rude", ["獘"] = "collapse", ["獙"] = "die violently", ["獚"] = "spaniel", ["獝"] = "devil", ["獞"] = "name of a variety of dog; wild tribes in South China", ["獠"] = "fierce; hunt; name of a tribe", ["獢"] = "dog", ["獧"] = "timid; cautious", ["獨"] = "alone; independent; single; sole; only", ["獪"] = "crafty; cunning", ["獫"] = "long-snout dog", ["獮"] = "to hunt; kill", ["獯"] = "name of a tribe", ["獰"] = "fierce-looking", ["獲"] = "to catch; to obtain; to capture", ["獳"] = "angry dog", ["獵"] = "hunting", ["獷"] = "fierce, rude, uncivilized", ["獸"] = "beast; quadruped", ["獺"] = "otter", ["獻"] = "to offer", ["獼"] = "macaque", ["獾"] = "badger", ["玀"] = "name of a tribe", ["玁"] = "long-snout dog", ["玃"] = "a large ape found in W. China", ["玄"] = "black; mysterious", ["玅"] = "clever; wonderful", ["玆"] = "now, here; this; time, year", ["率"] = "to lead; command; rate; frequency", ["玈"] = "black", ["玉"] = "jade", ["王"] = "king; Wang (proper name)", ["玎"] = "jingling; tinkling", ["玓"] = "pearly", ["玔"] = "jade ring", ["玖"] = "(black stone); nine (fraud-proof)", ["玗"] = "half pr stone", ["玟"] = "veins in jade; jade-like stone", ["玠"] = "jade tablet indicating rank", ["玢"] = "porphyrites", ["玤"] = "(gem)", ["玥"] = "pearl used in sacrifice", ["玦"] = "half-circle jade ring", ["玨"] = "gems mounted together", ["玩"] = "curios; antiques; to play; to amuse oneself", ["玫"] = "a kind of fine stone", ["玳"] = "tortoise shell; turtle", ["玶"] = "name of one kind of jade", ["玷"] = "blemish; disgrace; flaw in jade", ["玻"] = "glass", ["玼"] = "clear (as in a gem)", ["珀"] = "amber", ["珂"] = "jade-like stone", ["珇"] = "carving on jade", ["珈"] = "gamma; jewellery", ["珊"] = "coral", ["珌"] = "gem on scabbard", ["珍"] = "precious thing; treasure", ["珓"] = "(divination device)", ["珔"] = "(jade)", ["珖"] = "(jade)", ["珙"] = "(gem)", ["珛"] = "quickly-deteriorating jade", ["珞"] = "neck-ornament", ["珠"] = "pearl; bead", ["珣"] = "(gem)", ["珥"] = "pearl or jade earring", ["珧"] = "mother-of-pearl", ["珩"] = "top gem of pendant from girdle", ["珪"] = "jade tablet; silicon", ["班"] = "team; class; rank; squad; a work shift; a measure word; ''surname''", ["珮"] = "girdle ornaments", ["珶"] = "white jade worn on belt", ["珺"] = "beautiful jade", ["珽"] = "sceptre", ["現"] = "appear; present; now; existing; current", ["琀"] = "gems or pearls formerly put into the mouth of a corpse", ["琁"] = "beautiful jade; star", ["球"] = "ball; sphere", ["琅"] = "(gem); tinkling of pendants", ["理"] = "to manage; to heed; to put in order; reason; logic; science; inner principle or structure", ["琇"] = "(jade)", ["琖"] = "wine cup", ["琚"] = "ornamental gems for belt", ["琛"] = "precious stone; gem", ["琠"] = "gem used as ear plug; jade earrings", ["琢"] = "to cut (gems)", ["琤"] = "tinkling of gems", ["琥"] = "amber", ["琦"] = "curio; valuable stone", ["琨"] = "(jade)", ["琪"] = "(white gem); angel", ["琫"] = "gem ornament of scabbard", ["琬"] = "ensign of royalty", ["琭"] = "(jade)", ["琮"] = "''surname''; octagonal jade badge", ["琯"] = "mus. instr.; to polish jade or gold", ["琰"] = "gem; glitter of gems", ["琱"] = "engrave gems", ["琲"] = "necklace", ["琳"] = "gem", ["琴"] = "qin; general name for certain instruments", ["琿"] = "(fine jade)", ["瑀"] = "(chalcedony)", ["瑁"] = "(jade)", ["瑂"] = "(stone which resembles jade)", ["瑄"] = "ornamental piece of jade", ["瑋"] = "(reddish jade); precious; rare", ["瑑"] = "engraved lines", ["瑔"] = "(jade; shell)", ["瑕"] = "blemish; flaw in jade", ["瑗"] = "large jade ring", ["瑚"] = "coral", ["瑛"] = "(crystal); lustrous", ["瑜"] = "excellence; lustre of gems", ["瑞"] = "lucky; auspicious; propitious; rayl (acoustical unit)", ["瑟"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["瑢"] = "gem ornaments for belts", ["瑣"] = "fragmentary; trifling", ["瑤"] = "(jade); Yao; mother-of-pearl", ["瑩"] = "lustre of gems", ["瑭"] = "(jade)", ["瑯"] = "(gem); tinkling of pendants", ["瑰"] = "(semi-precious stone); extraordinary", ["瑱"] = "jade ear-plug", ["瑲"] = "tinkling of gems", ["瑳"] = "lustre of gems", ["瑽"] = "tinkling of jade pendants", ["瑾"] = "brilliancy (of gems)", ["瑿"] = "a black stone like jade; jet", ["璀"] = "lustre of gems", ["璁"] = "(gem)", ["璅"] = "fragmentary; trifling", ["璆"] = "(gem); to tinkle", ["璇"] = "(jade)", ["璈"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["璊"] = "(gem); rouge", ["璋"] = "ancient stone ornament", ["璐"] = "(jade)", ["璘"] = "lustre of gem", ["璚"] = "(red stone); half-circle jade ring", ["璜"] = "semi-circular jade ornament", ["璞"] = "unpolished gem", ["璟"] = "lustre of gem", ["璠"] = "(gem)", ["璡"] = "jade-like stone", ["璣"] = "irregular pearl", ["璥"] = "(gem)", ["璦"] = "jasper; precious stone", ["璧"] = "piece of jade with hole in centre", ["璨"] = "gem; lustre of gem", ["璩"] = "(jade ring); ''surname''", ["璪"] = "pendant of pearls on coronet", ["璫"] = "pendant ornaments", ["璯"] = "jade ornament in the seams of cap", ["環"] = "bracelet; ring (not for finger); to surround; to loop; loop", ["璲"] = "pendant girdle-ornaments", ["璵"] = "(gem)", ["璸"] = "(pearl)", ["璺"] = "a crack, as in porcelain", ["璽"] = "ruler's seal", ["璿"] = "(jade)", ["瓀"] = "opaque; white quartz", ["瓊"] = "(red stone); beautiful", ["瓏"] = "a kind of jade that is for requesting rain and has the figure of Chinese dragon on", ["瓔"] = "necklace", ["瓖"] = "ornaments", ["瓘"] = "jade used for making goblets", ["瓚"] = "libation cup", ["瓛"] = "sceptre", ["瓜"] = "melon; claw; gourd; squash", ["瓞"] = "young melon", ["瓠"] = "gourd", ["瓢"] = "dipper; ladle", ["瓣"] = "petal; section", ["瓤"] = "pulp of fruit", ["瓦"] = "tile", ["瓮"] = "earthen jar; urn", ["瓴"] = "concave channels of tiling", ["瓶"] = "bottle; (a measure word); vase; pitcher", ["瓷"] = "chinaware; porcelain", ["瓻"] = "large wine jar", ["瓿"] = "a kind of vase", ["甀"] = "vase with a small mouth", ["甃"] = "brickwork of well", ["甄"] = "to mould; discriminate", ["甇"] = "earthen jar with long neck", ["甋"] = "a jar without ears", ["甌"] = "bowl; cup", ["甍"] = "rafters supporting tiles", ["甏"] = "a squat jar for holding wine, sauces etc.", ["甑"] = "cauldron; rice pot", ["甒"] = "(vase; jar)", ["甓"] = "glazed tile", ["甔"] = "big jar", ["甕"] = "earthen jar; urn", ["甖"] = "earthen jar with small mouth", ["甗"] = "earthenware vessel", ["甘"] = "sweet; willingly; Gansu province (abbrev.)", ["甚"] = "very; extremely; more (than); what", ["甜"] = "sweet", ["生"] = "to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw", ["甡"] = "multitude; crowd", ["產"] = "to reproduce; to produce; give birth; products; produce; resources; estate; property", ["甥"] = "nephew", ["甦"] = "revive", ["用"] = "to use", ["甩"] = "fling", ["甪"] = "''surname''; place name", ["甫"] = "honorific for men; just; just now", ["甬"] = "5 pecks (M); Ningpo", ["甭"] = "need not", ["甯"] = "peaceful", ["田"] = "field; farm", ["由"] = "follow; from; it is for...to; reason; cause; because of; due to; by; to; to leave it (to someone)", ["甲"] = "1st [[heavenly stem]]; armour; shell", ["申"] = "9th [[earthly branch]]; 3–5 p.m.; to extend; to state; to explain", ["男"] = "male", ["甸"] = "imperial domain; suburb", ["町"] = "raised path between fields", ["甽"] = "drain between fields, irrigation", ["甾"] = "steroid", ["甿"] = "people", ["畀"] = "confer on; give to", ["畇"] = "reclaimed land", ["畈"] = "field; farm", ["畋"] = "cultivate (land); to hunt", ["界"] = "boundary; scope; extent; circles; group; kingdom (taxonomy)", ["畎"] = "field drains", ["畏"] = "to fear", ["畔"] = "bank; field-path", ["留"] = "leave (message); to retain; to stay; to remain; to keep; to preserve", ["畚"] = "a basket or pan used for earth; manure etc", ["畛"] = "border; boundary; field-path", ["畜"] = "to raise (animals); livestock; domesticated animal; domestic animal", ["畝"] = "about 1; 6 acre (M)", ["畟"] = "sharp", ["畢"] = "the whole of; to finish; to complete; complete; full; finished", ["畤"] = "ancient sacrifice", ["略"] = "plan; strategy; outline; summary; slightly; rather; to rob; to plunder; to summarize", ["畦"] = "furrow; small plot of farm land", ["番"] = "(measure word for acts); deeds; foreign; ''surname''; place name", ["畫"] = "draw; picture; painting", ["畬"] = "cultivated field", ["畯"] = "overseer; steppe", ["異"] = "different; unusual; strange", ["當"] = "to act as; represent; equal; should; fitting; suitable; adequate; proper; replace; to be; to hold a position; manage; withstand; when; during; ought; match equally; same; obstruct; just at (a time or place); on the spot; right; just at", ["畷"] = "raised path between fields", ["畸"] = "fractional remains; odd", ["畹"] = "a field of 20 or 30 mu", ["畽"] = "place trodden by animals", ["畾"] = "fields divided by dikes", ["畿"] = "territory around the capital", ["疆"] = "border; boundary", ["疇"] = "arable fields; cultivated field; class; category", ["疊"] = "fold up; repeat", ["疋"] = "a bolt (of cloth)", ["疏"] = "negligent; sparse; thin", ["疐"] = "prostrate", ["疑"] = "to doubt; to misbelieve; to suspect", ["疔"] = "boil; carbuncle", ["疕"] = "facial skin disease; mange", ["疘"] = "anus", ["疚"] = "chronic disease", ["疝"] = "hernia", ["疢"] = "(disease)", ["疣"] = "nodule; wart", ["疤"] = "scar", ["疥"] = "scabies", ["疧"] = "sick", ["疫"] = "epidemic; plague", ["疲"] = "weary", ["疳"] = "rickets", ["疵"] = "blemish; flaw; defect", ["疶"] = "dysentery", ["疸"] = "jaundice", ["疹"] = "measles; rash", ["疼"] = "(it) hurts; love fondly; ache; pain; sore", ["疽"] = "gangrene", ["疾"] = "sickness; disease; hate; envy", ["疿"] = "prickly heat", ["痁"] = "malarial fever", ["痂"] = "scab", ["痄"] = "mumps", ["病"] = "ailment; illness; disease; fall ill; sick; defect", ["症"] = "disease; illness; indication or sign of disease", ["痊"] = "recover (from illness)", ["痌"] = "moaning in pain", ["痍"] = "bruise; sores", ["痏"] = "a bruise or contusion", ["痐"] = "roundworm; ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]''", ["痒"] = "to itch; to tickle", ["痔"] = "piles; haemorrhoid", ["痕"] = "scar; traces; (''Cantonese'') itchy", ["痗"] = "disease caused by anxiety", ["痘"] = "small pox", ["痙"] = "spasm", ["痚"] = "asthma; difficulty in breathing", ["痛"] = "ache; pain; sorrow", ["痞"] = "scoundrel; swelling of the liver", ["痠"] = "aching of limbs", ["痡"] = "sick; disabled", ["痢"] = "dysentery", ["痣"] = "birthmark; mole", ["痤"] = "acne", ["痦"] = "(flat) mole", ["痧"] = "cholera", ["痭"] = "menorrhagia", ["痯"] = "ill-looking", ["痰"] = "phlegm; spittle", ["痱"] = "prickly heat", ["痲"] = "leprosy; numb", ["痴"] = "imbecile; sentimental; stupid; foolish; silly", ["痵"] = "nervous start in sleep", ["痹"] = "paralysis, numbness", ["痺"] = "numb; paralysis", ["痻"] = "to be ill", ["痼"] = "obstinate disease", ["痾"] = "malady", ["痿"] = "atrophy", ["瘀"] = "haematoma; contusion; extravasated", ["瘁"] = "care-worn; distressed; tired; overworked; sick; weary", ["瘃"] = "chilblain", ["瘈"] = "furious; hydrophobia; madness", ["瘉"] = "heal", ["瘊"] = "wart", ["瘋"] = "insane; mad; wild", ["瘌"] = "scabies; scald-head", ["瘍"] = "ulcers; sores", ["瘏"] = "be injured; ill (of animals)", ["瘐"] = "maltreat (as prisoners)", ["瘓"] = "illness; numbness of the limbs", ["瘕"] = "obstruction in the intestine", ["瘖"] = "dumb", ["瘙"] = "itch", ["瘚"] = "to hiccup; the humours of the body", ["瘜"] = "a polypus", ["瘝"] = "incapacitated; inefficient", ["瘞"] = "bury; sacrifice", ["瘟"] = "epidemic; pestilence; plague", ["瘠"] = "barren; lean", ["瘡"] = "sore; skin ulcer", ["瘢"] = "mark; scar on the skin", ["瘤"] = "tumour", ["瘥"] = "disease; recover from disease", ["瘦"] = "tight; thin; lean", ["瘧"] = "malaria", ["瘨"] = "convulsions; crazy", ["瘭"] = "whitlow", ["瘯"] = "(skin disease)", ["瘰"] = "scrofula; tuberculosis of glands", ["瘲"] = "spasms or convulsions in young children, caused by indigestion", ["瘳"] = "convalesce; recover; heal", ["瘴"] = "malaria; miasma", ["瘵"] = "foci of tubercular infection", ["瘸"] = "lame", ["瘺"] = "fistula; sinus", ["瘼"] = "distress; sickness", ["療"] = "to treat; to cure", ["癃"] = "infirmity; retention of urine", ["癆"] = "tuberculosis", ["癇"] = "epilepsy; insanity", ["癈"] = "abrogate, terminate, discard", ["癉"] = "to hate; (disease)", ["癌"] = "cancer; carcinoma", ["癒"] = "heal", ["癖"] = "habit; hobby", ["癘"] = "sore caused by varnish poisoning", ["癙"] = "hidden; secret; scrofula", ["癜"] = "erythema; leucoderm", ["癟"] = "deflated; shrivelled; sunken; empty", ["癠"] = "sick; diseased", ["癡"] = "imbecile; sentimental; stupid; foolish; silly", ["癢"] = "itch", ["癤"] = "pimple, sore, boil", ["癥"] = "obstruction of bowels", ["癩"] = "scabies; skin disease", ["癪"] = "spasms, convulsions, hysteria", ["癬"] = "ringworm", ["癭"] = "goitre; knob on tree", ["癮"] = "addiction; craving", ["癰"] = "carbuncle", ["癱"] = "paralysed", ["癲"] = "convulsions; crazy", ["癸"] = "10th [[heavenly stem]]", ["登"] = "to go up; to climb; ascend; mount; register; note; to publish; to issue; to record", ["發"] = "to send out; to show (one's feeling); to issue; to develop", ["白"] = "white; empty; blank; bright; clear; plain; pure; gratuitous", ["百"] = "hundred", ["皁"] = "black; police runners, from the black clothes formerly worn by them", ["皂"] = "soap; black", ["的"] = "really and truly; aim; clear; (possessive, modifying, or descriptive particle); of", ["皆"] = "all; each and every; in all cases", ["皇"] = "emperor; ''surname''", ["皈"] = "comply with; follow", ["皋"] = "bank; marsh", ["皎"] = "bright; white", ["皓"] = "bright; d (19th); white", ["皖"] = "Anhui", ["皙"] = "white", ["皚"] = "white (of snow, etc.)", ["皜"] = "clear; white", ["皝"] = "luminous; bright hoary, white", ["皞"] = "bright, brilliant", ["皤"] = "white", ["皦"] = "sparkling; bright", ["皪"] = "lustre (of pearls)", ["皫"] = "white", ["皭"] = "pure", ["皮"] = "leather; skin; fur", ["皰"] = "pimple", ["皴"] = "chapped; cracked", ["皸"] = "to chap", ["皺"] = "to wrinkle; wrinkled; to crease", ["皽"] = "scab", ["皿"] = "shallow container; rad. no. 108", ["盂"] = "container; cup", ["盃"] = "cup", ["盅"] = "cup", ["盆"] = "basin", ["盈"] = "full; filled; surplus", ["益"] = "benefit; increase", ["盍"] = "why not", ["盎"] = "abundant; bowl; dish; pot", ["盒"] = "small box; case", ["盔"] = "helmet", ["盚"] = "''surname''", ["盛"] = "flourishing; to hold; contain; to ladle; pick up with a utensil; ''surname''", ["盜"] = "steal; rob; plunder; a thief; bandit; robber", ["盝"] = "box case", ["盞"] = "''classifier for lamps or cups of drink''", ["盟"] = "oath; pledge; union; to ally", ["盡"] = "to use up; to exhaust; to end; to finish; to the utmost; exhausted; finished; to the limit (of something)", ["監"] = "supervisor; hard; strong; solid; firm; to supervise; to inspect; jail; prison", ["盤"] = "dish; tray; to build; to check; to examine; to transfer; (a measure word used for dishes of food or coils of wire); to coil", ["盥"] = "wash (especially hands)", ["盦"] = "container", ["盧"] = "''surname''", ["盩"] = "name of a district in Shaanxi", ["盪"] = "agitate; swing; sway", ["盬"] = "covered pot", ["盭"] = "unreasonable; violent", ["目"] = "eye; item; section; list; catalogue; table of contents; (taxonomy) order; goal; name; title", ["盯"] = "stare; gaze", ["盱"] = "''surname''; anxious; stare", ["盲"] = "blind", ["直"] = "straight; vertical; frank; directly; straightly; upright", ["盵"] = "''surname''", ["相"] = "each other; appearance; portrait; picture; one another; mutually", ["盹"] = "doze; nap", ["盻"] = "glare at", ["盼"] = "to hope for; to long for; to expect", ["盾"] = "shield", ["省"] = "comprehend; introspect; visit; frugal; save; to omit; to leave out; to save (money); province", ["眄"] = "ogle", ["眅"] = "show the whites of eyes", ["眇"] = "minute (small); subtle", ["眈"] = "gaze intently", ["眉"] = "eyebrow; upper margin", ["眊"] = "having poor eyesight", ["看"] = "to see; to look at; to look after; to take care of; to watch; to guard; it depends; think", ["眑"] = "sunken eyes; deep; abstruse", ["眕"] = "restrain anger", ["眙"] = "place name", ["眚"] = "cataract of the eye; error", ["眛"] = "blind; imperceptive", ["真"] = "real; true; genuine", ["眠"] = "sleep", ["眢"] = "inflamed eyelids; parched", ["眣"] = "prominent eyes", ["眥"] = "canthus", ["眨"] = "wink", ["眩"] = "dizzy; dazzled", ["眭"] = "evil look of deep-set eyes", ["眯"] = "blind (as with dust)", ["眴"] = "dazzled; dizzy", ["眵"] = "gritty secretion in eyes", ["眶"] = "eye socket", ["眷"] = "concern; wife and children", ["眸"] = "pupil of the eye", ["眹"] = "pupil", ["眺"] = "gaze afar", ["眼"] = "eye", ["眽"] = "to gaze; to ogle to look at", ["眾"] = "numerous; multitude; crowd", ["睅"] = "protuberant eyes", ["睆"] = "good-looking; cute", ["睇"] = "look down upon; (Cantonese) to look; to see; to look after; to think", ["睊"] = "look", ["睍"] = "goggle-eyed", ["睎"] = "to long for; to gaze at", ["睏"] = "sleepy; doze off", ["睒"] = "furtively glance; glittering", ["睖"] = "to stare straight ahead", ["睙"] = "to roll the eyeballs to look", ["睛"] = "eye", ["睜"] = "to open (eye)", ["睞"] = "gaze; stare", ["睟"] = "bright eye; clear", ["睠"] = "look fondly", ["睡"] = "to sleep", ["睢"] = "''surname''; stare", ["督"] = "supervise", ["睥"] = "look askance", ["睦"] = "friendly", ["睨"] = "look askance", ["睪"] = "testicle; to spy on", ["睫"] = "eyelashes", ["睬"] = "pay attention; take notice of; to care for", ["睯"] = "to be agonized; worried", ["睹"] = "observe; see", ["睽"] = "separated; stare", ["睿"] = "astute; perspicacious; farsighted", ["瞀"] = "indistinct vision; dim", ["瞄"] = "to aim", ["瞅"] = "to look", ["瞇"] = "to squint", ["瞋"] = "angry at", ["瞌"] = "doze off; sleepy", ["瞍"] = "blind", ["瞎"] = "blind", ["瞏"] = "gaze in terror; lonely", ["瞑"] = "close the eyes", ["瞕"] = "cataract in the eye", ["瞞"] = "conceal from", ["瞟"] = "cast a glance", ["瞠"] = "stare at something beyond reach", ["瞢"] = "eyesight obscured; to feel ashamed", ["瞥"] = "blink; glance", ["瞧"] = "look at", ["瞪"] = "stare at", ["瞫"] = "''surname''", ["瞬"] = "to wink", ["瞭"] = "look afar from a high place; clear", ["瞰"] = "bird's-eye view; glance", ["瞳"] = "pupil of the eye", ["瞵"] = "to stare at", ["瞷"] = "to spy", ["瞻"] = "gaze; view", ["瞼"] = "eyelid", ["瞽"] = "blind", ["瞿"] = "''surname''; startled", ["矇"] = "dim sighted; ignorant; deceive; cheat; hoodwink", ["矍"] = "''surname''; glance fearfully", ["矓"] = "hazy; unclear", ["矔"] = "brilliant (of eyes)", ["矗"] = "lofty; upright", ["矙"] = "bird's-eye view; glance", ["矚"] = "to gaze at; to stare at", ["矛"] = "spear; lance; pike", ["矜"] = "boast; esteem; sympathize", ["矞"] = "grand; elegant; propitious", ["矢"] = "arrow; dart", ["矣"] = "final particle", ["知"] = "to know; to be aware", ["矧"] = "(interrog.)", ["矩"] = "carpenter's square; rule", ["矬"] = "short", ["短"] = "lack; short", ["矮"] = "short (not tall)", ["矯"] = "dissemble; rectify", ["矰"] = "arrow with a streamer", ["矱"] = "standard; norm", ["石"] = "rock; stone; 10 pecks", ["矸"] = "a rock or cliff", ["矻"] = "to toil", ["矼"] = "stone bridge", ["矽"] = "silicon", ["砂"] = "sand; gravel; granule", ["砃"] = "white stone", ["砅"] = "cross stream by stepping on stones", ["砆"] = "agate; inferior gem", ["砌"] = "to build by laying bricks or stones", ["砍"] = "to chop", ["砑"] = "to calender", ["砒"] = "arsenic", ["研"] = "grind fine; study; research", ["砟"] = "fragments", ["砠"] = "rocky hill", ["砢"] = "a heap; pile (of rocks)", ["砣"] = "steelyard weight", ["砥"] = "baffle (pier); whetstone", ["砦"] = "stronghold; stockade", ["砧"] = "base for beating or chopping", ["砩"] = "name of a stone; dam up water with rocks", ["砫"] = "ancestral tablet", ["砭"] = "a stone probe; acupuncture", ["砮"] = "flint", ["砰"] = "sound of crashing; thunder", ["砲"] = "gun; cannon", ["砳"] = "rocky", ["破"] = "to break; to split; broken; damaged; worn out", ["砵"] = "alms bowl", ["砷"] = "arsenic", ["砸"] = "smash; smashed", ["硃"] = "vermilion", ["硅"] = "silicon", ["硍"] = "rumbling of rolling stones", ["硎"] = "whetstone", ["硒"] = "selenium", ["硜"] = "obstinate", ["硝"] = "saltpetre; to tan (leather)", ["硤"] = "place name", ["硫"] = "sulfur", ["硬"] = "hard; stiff; strong; firm", ["硭"] = "crude saltpetre", ["确"] = "authenticated; solid; firm", ["硯"] = "ink-stone", ["硻"] = "obstinate", ["硼"] = "boron", ["硾"] = "iodide; to weight", ["碃"] = "(stone)", ["碇"] = "anchor", ["碉"] = "Tibetan stone house", ["碌"] = "laborious; small stone; to record; to tape; to write down; to hire; to employ", ["碎"] = "to break down; to break into pieces; fragmentary", ["碏"] = "(gems)", ["碑"] = "a monument; an upright stone tablet; stele", ["碓"] = "pestle; pound with a pestle", ["碔"] = "inferior gem", ["碗"] = "bowl; cup", ["碘"] = "iodine", ["碚"] = "place name in Chongqing", ["碞"] = "cliff", ["碟"] = "dish; plate", ["碣"] = "stone tablet", ["碧"] = "green jade; bluish green; blue; jade", ["碩"] = "large; big", ["碪"] = "anvil", ["碫"] = "coarse stone (used for whetstone)", ["碬"] = "whetstone", ["碭"] = "stone with colour veins", ["碰"] = "to touch; to meet with; to bump", ["碲"] = "tellurium", ["碳"] = "carbon", ["碴"] = "fault; glass fragment; quarrel", ["確"] = "authenticated; solid; firm; real; true", ["碻"] = "solid; firm", ["碼"] = "a weight; number; yard; code; pile; stack", ["碾"] = "stone roller", ["磁"] = "magnetic; magnetism; porcelain", ["磅"] = "a measure word; pound (unit of measurement); scale; weigh", ["磈"] = "rocky; stony", ["磉"] = "stone plinth", ["磊"] = "lumpy; rock pile; uneven", ["磋"] = "deliberate; to polish", ["磎"] = "mountain stream, creek", ["磐"] = "firm; stable; rock", ["磑"] = "mill", ["磔"] = "tearing off limbs as punishment", ["磕"] = "to tap; knock", ["磚"] = "brick", ["磛"] = "cliff; peak", ["磠"] = "ammonium", ["磡"] = "dangerous sea-cliff", ["磣"] = "gritty", ["磥"] = "a heap of stones; boulders", ["磧"] = "moraine; rocks in shallow water", ["磨"] = "grindstone; to sharpen; to delay; hardship; to grind; to rub", ["磪"] = "a high mountain; precipitous", ["磬"] = "ancient percussion instrument made from stone or jade", ["磯"] = "breakwater; jetty", ["磴"] = "cliff-ledge; stone step", ["磷"] = "phosphorus", ["磹"] = "stone wedge", ["磺"] = "sulfur", ["磻"] = "name of a river in Shaanxi", ["磽"] = "stony soil", ["礁"] = "reef; shoal rock", ["礄"] = "bridge", ["礅"] = "stone block", ["礎"] = "foundation; base", ["礙"] = "to hinder; to obstruct; to block", ["礞"] = "(mineral)", ["礡"] = "fill; extend", ["礦"] = "ore; mine", ["礧"] = "roll stone down hill; stone pile", ["礪"] = "grind; sandstone", ["礫"] = "gravel; small stone", ["礬"] = "alum", ["礱"] = "grind; mill", ["礵"] = "arsenic", ["示"] = "to show; reveal", ["礽"] = "blessings", ["社"] = "society; group", ["礿"] = "spring imperial ancestral sacrifice", ["祀"] = "offer sacrifice to", ["祁"] = "''surname''", ["祂"] = "he, it (pronoun used for God)", ["祅"] = "calamity from terrestrial disorder", ["祆"] = "Ormazda, god of the Zoroastrians, extended to god of the Manicheans", ["祇"] = "but; only; earth-spirit; peace", ["祈"] = "implore; pray; please", ["祉"] = "felicity", ["祊"] = "side altar inside ancestral temple", ["祏"] = "stone shrine", ["祐"] = "protect", ["祓"] = "cleanse; remove evil", ["祔"] = "worship ancestors", ["祕"] = "secret", ["祖"] = "ancestor; forefather; grandparents", ["祗"] = "respectful(ly)", ["祚"] = "blessing; the throne", ["祛"] = "to exorcize", ["祜"] = "celestial blessing", ["祝"] = "invoke; pray to; wish; to express good wishes", ["神"] = "God; unusual; mysterious; soul; spirit; divine essence; lively; spiritual being", ["祟"] = "evil spirit", ["祠"] = "ancestral hall; temple", ["祥"] = "auspicious; propitious", ["祧"] = "ancestral hall", ["票"] = "bank note; ticket", ["祫"] = "triennial sacrifice to ancestors", ["祭"] = "offer sacrifice; hold memorial service", ["祲"] = "evil force", ["祺"] = "felicity", ["祼"] = "pour out libation", ["祿"] = "good fortune; official salary", ["禁"] = "to prohibit; to forbid; endure", ["禂"] = "to pray; prayer", ["禊"] = "purification ceremony", ["禋"] = "sacrifice", ["禍"] = "disaster", ["禎"] = "auspicious; lucky", ["福"] = "good fortune; happiness; luck; Fujian province (abbrev.); ''surname''", ["禔"] = "well-being", ["禕"] = "excellent; precious; rare", ["禖"] = "heir-requesting sacrifice", ["禘"] = "imperial ancestral sacrifice", ["禚"] = "place name", ["禜"] = "sacrifice", ["禠"] = "felicity; blessing", ["禡"] = "sacrifice to god of war", ["禢"] = "''surname''", ["禤"] = "''surname''", ["禦"] = "defend; resist", ["禧"] = "favourable luck; good fortune", ["禨"] = "omen; pray", ["禪"] = "abdicate; meditation; abstraction; (Zen) Buddhism", ["禫"] = "sacrifice at the end of mourning", ["禮"] = "gift; propriety; rite", ["禰"] = "temple of deceased father; ''surname''", ["禱"] = "prayer; pray; supplication", ["禳"] = "sacrifice for avoiding calamity", ["禴"] = "spring imperial ancestral sacrifice", ["禸"] = "trample", ["禹"] = "name of an emperor", ["禺"] = "(place); district", ["禽"] = "birds; fowl", ["禾"] = "cereal; grain", ["禿"] = "bald; blunt", ["秀"] = "to ear; beautiful; elegant; outstanding; to show; to display; show", ["私"] = "personal; private; selfish", ["秈"] = "common rice", ["秉"] = "to grasp; hold; maintain", ["秋"] = "autumn; fall; harvest time; a swing", ["秏"] = "to waste, to destroy, to diminish", ["科"] = "branch of study; administrative section; division; field; branch; stage directions; family (taxonomy); rules; laws; to mete out (punishment); to levy (taxes, etc.); to fine someone", ["秒"] = "(a measure word); second", ["秕"] = "grain not fully grown; husks; withered grain; unripe grain", ["秘"] = "secret", ["租"] = "rent; taxes", ["秠"] = "(millet)", ["秣"] = "feed a horse with grain; horse feed", ["秤"] = "steelyard; steel yard; scales", ["秦"] = "''surname''; name of a dynasty", ["秧"] = "shoots; sprouts", ["秩"] = "order; orderliness", ["秪"] = "only, merely", ["秫"] = "{{taxlink|Panicum italicum|species}}", ["秬"] = "black millet", ["秭"] = "billion", ["秷"] = "sound of reaping", ["秸"] = "stalks of millet, corn", ["移"] = "to move; to shift; to change; to alter; to remove", ["稀"] = "diluted; sparse", ["稂"] = "grass; weeds", ["稅"] = "taxes; duties", ["稈"] = "stalks of grain", ["稊"] = "grass; tares", ["程"] = "rule; order; regulations; formula; journey; procedure; sequence; ''surname''", ["稌"] = "glutinous rice", ["稍"] = "somewhat; a little", ["稑"] = "late-planted early-ripening grain", ["稔"] = "ripe grain", ["稗"] = "millet; {{taxlink|Panicum crus|species}}", ["稙"] = "early-planted crop", ["稚"] = "infantile; young", ["稛"] = "full", ["稜"] = "corner; square beam", ["稞"] = "(wheat)", ["稟"] = "natural property or endowment; report to (a superior)", ["稠"] = "dense; crowded; thick; many", ["種"] = "to plant; to cultivate; kind; type; race; breed; seed; species (taxonomy)", ["稱"] = "to call; to praise; to weigh; to estimate; to consider; to address; to name; to say; commend; steelyard; balanced; to fit; well-off; suitable", ["稷"] = "(millet)", ["稹"] = "accumulate; fine and close", ["稻"] = "paddy; rice", ["稼"] = "sow grain", ["稽"] = "bow to the ground; inspect; check", ["稿"] = "manuscript; draft; stalk of grain", ["穀"] = "grain; corn", ["穄"] = "(millet)", ["穆"] = "solemn", ["穇"] = "{{taxlink|Panicum frumentaceum|species}}", ["穈"] = "porridge; rice sprouts", ["穋"] = "late-planted early-ripening grain", ["穌"] = "revive", ["積"] = "to amass; to accumulate; to store; old; long-standing", ["穎"] = "clever; gifted", ["穗"] = "ear of grain", ["穜"] = "early-planted late-ripening grain", ["穟"] = "ear of grain", ["穠"] = "thickly clustered (as blossoms)", ["穡"] = "gather in harvest", ["穢"] = "dirt; filth", ["穧"] = "stack grain stalks evenly", ["穨"] = "become bald; decadent", ["穩"] = "settled; steady; stable", ["穫"] = "reap; harvest", ["穭"] = "wild grain", ["穮"] = "to weed", ["穰"] = "abundant; stalk of grain", ["穴"] = "hole; cave", ["穵"] = "dig; scoop out", ["究"] = "after all; to investigate; to study carefully", ["穸"] = "the gloom of the grave; a tomb or grave; death", ["穹"] = "arched; lofty; vast", ["空"] = "emptied; leisure; air; sky; empty; in vain", ["穿"] = "to bore through; pierce; perforate; penetrate; pass through; to dress; to wear; to put on; to thread", ["窀"] = "grave", ["突"] = "to dash; to move forward quickly", ["窄"] = "narrow", ["窅"] = "deep", ["窆"] = "put a coffin in grave", ["窈"] = "deep; quiet and elegant", ["窊"] = "lowland swamp", ["窋"] = "in a hole", ["窌"] = "cellar", ["窒"] = "obstruct; stop up", ["窔"] = "dark; deep; southeast corner of room", ["窕"] = "quiet and elegant", ["窖"] = "cellar", ["窗"] = "shutter; window", ["窘"] = "distressed; embarrassed", ["窞"] = "pit; cave", ["窟"] = "cave; hole", ["窠"] = "nest", ["窣"] = "rush out of a den; rustling", ["窨"] = "cellar; to scent tea with flowers", ["窩"] = "nest", ["窪"] = "depression; sunken; swamp", ["窬"] = "hole in a wall", ["窮"] = "exhausted; poor", ["窯"] = "kiln; oven", ["窳"] = "bad; useless; weak", ["窴"] = "fill in", ["窵"] = "deep; distant; profound", ["窶"] = "poor; rustic", ["窸"] = "disturbing noises", ["窺"] = "peep; pry into", ["窾"] = "hollow; ignorant", ["窿"] = "cavity; hole", ["竁"] = "dig a hole", ["竄"] = "flee; escape; run away; leap", ["竅"] = "intelligence; opening", ["竇"] = "hole; aperture; cavity; (anatomy) sinus", ["竊"] = "steal; secretly; personally", ["立"] = "set up; to stand", ["竑"] = "large; to estimate", ["站"] = "station; to stand; to halt; to stop", ["竟"] = "unexpectedly; actually; to go so far as to; indeed", ["章"] = "chapter; seal; section", ["竣"] = "complete; finish", ["童"] = "boy; child; children", ["竦"] = "horrified; incite; raise", ["竭"] = "exhaust", ["端"] = "end; extremity; item; port; to hold something level with both hands; to carry; regular", ["競"] = "to compete; to contend; to struggle", ["竹"] = "bamboo", ["竺"] = "''surname''", ["竽"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["竿"] = "pole", ["笄"] = "15 years old; hairpin for bun", ["笆"] = "an article made of bamboo strips; fence", ["笈"] = "trunks (for books)", ["笊"] = "", ["笎"] = "bamboo with black patches", ["笏"] = "tablet held at an audience", ["笐"] = "bamboos placed across wooden frames on which grain may be stored in damp climates", ["笑"] = "laugh; smile", ["笙"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["笛"] = "flute", ["笞"] = "to whip with bamboo strips", ["笠"] = "bamboo rain hat", ["笤"] = "", ["笥"] = "hamper; trunk", ["符"] = "mark; sign; talisman; to seal; to correspond (to); tally; symbol; written charm; to coincide", ["笨"] = "stupid; foolish; silly; slow-witted; clumsy", ["笪"] = "''surname''; rough bamboo mat", ["笫"] = "planks of bed; sleeping-mat", ["第"] = "(''ordinal prefix''); -th; rank", ["笭"] = "bamboo screen", ["笮"] = "board under tiles on roof; narrow", ["笰"] = "duster", ["笱"] = "basket for trapping fish", ["笲"] = "osier basket of brides", ["笳"] = "whistle made of reed", ["笵"] = "bamboo mould", ["笸"] = "flat basket-tray", ["笻"] = "note: song screen font is wrong. should be", ["筅"] = "bamboo brush for utensils", ["筆"] = "pen; pencil; writing brush; to write or compose; the strokes of Chinese characters", ["筇"] = "species of bamboo", ["筈"] = "arrow end", ["等"] = "class; rank; grade; equal to; same as; wait for; await; et cetera; and so on", ["筊"] = "bamboo rope", ["筋"] = "muscle", ["筌"] = "bamboo fish trap", ["筍"] = "bamboo shoot", ["筎"] = "thin outside skin of bamboo", ["筏"] = "raft (of logs)", ["筐"] = "basket", ["筑"] = "build; five-string lute", ["築"] = "build; five-string lute", ["筒"] = "tube; cylinder", ["答"] = "reply; answer; return; respond; echo; to answer; agree", ["策"] = "method; plan; policy; scheme", ["筘"] = "(a measure of width of cloth)", ["筠"] = "skin of bamboo", ["筤"] = "young bamboo", ["筥"] = "round bamboo basket", ["筦"] = "''surname''; to control; tube; pipe", ["筧"] = "bamboo water pipe", ["筩"] = "tube; cylinder", ["筭"] = "regard as; to figure", ["筮"] = "divine by stalk", ["筰"] = "cable", ["筱"] = "dwarf bamboo; thin bamboo", ["筲"] = "basket; bucket", ["筳"] = "bamboo pole; spindle", ["筴"] = "policy; scheme", ["筵"] = "bamboo mat for sitting", ["筷"] = "chopstick", ["筸"] = "name of a place in Henan", ["箂"] = "(bamboo)", ["箇"] = "general classifier", ["箊"] = "bamboo with thin; wide leaves", ["箋"] = "letter; note-paper", ["箍"] = "hoop; bind with hoops", ["箎"] = "bamboo flute with 8 holes", ["箏"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["箐"] = "to draw a bamboo bow or crossbow", ["箑"] = "fan", ["箔"] = "bamboo screen; door screen; metal foil; leaf; sheet; tinsel", ["箕"] = "winnow basket", ["算"] = "regard as; to figure; to calculate; to compute", ["箘"] = "bamboo shoots", ["箙"] = "quiver", ["箛"] = "(bamboo); trumpet for chariots", ["箜"] = "ancient string music instrument", ["箝"] = "pliers; pincers; to clamp", ["箠"] = "flog; whip", ["管"] = "to take care (of); to control; to manage; to be in charge of; to look after; to run; tube; pipe", ["箬"] = "(bamboo); skin of bamboo", ["箭"] = "arrow", ["箯"] = "bamboo sedan chair", ["箱"] = "box; trunk; chest", ["箴"] = "warn", ["箸"] = "chopsticks", ["箾"] = "hit with a pole; pole dance", ["節"] = "festival; section; segment; point; part; to economize; to save; temperate", ["篁"] = "(bamboo); bamboo grove", ["範"] = "model", ["篆"] = "seal characters", ["篇"] = "sheet; piece of writing; (a measure word); chapter; article", ["篋"] = "portfolio; trunk", ["篌"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["篔"] = "(bamboo)", ["篘"] = "basket for straining; to strain", ["篙"] = "pole for punting boats", ["篚"] = "round covered basket", ["篛"] = "cuticle of bamboo plant", ["篜"] = "bamboo", ["篝"] = "bamboo frame for drying clothes", ["篟"] = "luxuriant growth of bamboo", ["篠"] = "dwarf bamboo", ["篡"] = "to seize; to usurp", ["篢"] = "bamboo hat", ["篤"] = "serious (illness); sincere; true", ["篥"] = "bamboos good for poles; horn", ["篦"] = "fine-toothed comb; to comb", ["篧"] = "creel for trapping fish", ["篨"] = "crude bamboo mat", ["篩"] = "to filter; to sift; to sieve", ["篪"] = "bamboo flute with 8 holes", ["篰"] = "sieve-like utensil", ["篲"] = "broom", ["篳"] = "wicker", ["篴"] = "flute", ["篷"] = "sail", ["篹"] = "compose; compile; food; delicacies", ["篾"] = "bamboo splints for baskets", ["簁"] = "sieve; to sift, to strain", ["簃"] = "small house connected to large one", ["簆"] = "healds of a loom", ["簇"] = "crowded; frame work for silkworms; gather foliage; a measure word; bunch", ["簋"] = "round basket of bamboo", ["簌"] = "dense vegetation; sieve", ["簍"] = "deep basket", ["簏"] = "box; basket", ["簑"] = "raincape made of grass", ["簜"] = "(bamboo)", ["簞"] = "round basket for cooked rice", ["簟"] = "fine woven grass mat", ["簠"] = "basket used in state worship", ["簡"] = "simple", ["簣"] = "basket for carrying soil", ["簥"] = "large pipe", ["簦"] = "large umbrella for stalls", ["簧"] = "metallic reed; spring of lock", ["簨"] = "cross-beam for hanging bells", ["簪"] = "hairpin", ["簫"] = "(flute); pan pipes; xiao - a vertical bamboo flute", ["簬"] = "(bamboo)", ["簰"] = "bamboo raft", ["簷"] = "eaves", ["簸"] = "dust pan; toss (as waves); to winnow", ["簹"] = "(bamboo)", ["簻"] = "big; hunger", ["簽"] = "sign one's name", ["簾"] = "curtain", ["簿"] = "a book; a register; account-book", ["籀"] = "''surname''; (writing); develop", ["籃"] = "basket; goal", ["籊"] = "long bamboo (for fishing rod)", ["籌"] = "a tally; counter; ticket; plan; devise; manage", ["籍"] = "record; register; native place", ["籐"] = "rattan; cane", ["籓"] = "big winnow basket", ["籔"] = "basket for draining rice", ["籙"] = "chart; list; memorandum", ["籚"] = "basket made of rush; spear-shaft", ["籛"] = "''surname''", ["籜"] = "sheath around joints of bamboo", ["籟"] = "music; musical pipe with 3 reeds", ["籠"] = "basket; cage", ["籣"] = "bow case; quiver", ["籤"] = "a note; a stick; sign one's name", ["籥"] = "flute; key", ["籧"] = "crude bamboo mat", ["籩"] = "basket for fruits", ["籪"] = "bamboo fish trap", ["籫"] = "bamboo utensil", ["籬"] = "a fence", ["籮"] = "basket", ["籯"] = "slender basket for chopsticks", ["籲"] = "implore", ["米"] = "rice; metre", ["籵"] = "dm", ["籸"] = "residue from oil making", ["籹"] = "cakes of rice-flour and honey", ["籽"] = "seeds", ["粁"] = "kilometre", ["粉"] = "dust; powder", ["粑"] = "tsamba (food in Tibet)", ["粒"] = "a grain; a granule", ["粔"] = "cakes made from rice flour twisted into rings", ["粕"] = "grains in distilled liquor", ["粗"] = "coarse; rough; thick; unfinished; vulgar; rude; crude", ["粘"] = "to stick; paste; sticky", ["粞"] = "ground rice; thresh rice", ["粟"] = "grain; millet", ["粢"] = "common millet", ["粥"] = "congee; gruel; porridge", ["粨"] = "hectometre", ["粱"] = "millet", ["粲"] = "beautiful; bright; splendid; smilingly", ["粵"] = "Cantonese; Guangdong", ["粹"] = "pure; unmixed; essence", ["粺"] = "polished rice", ["粻"] = "food; white cooked rice", ["粼"] = "clear (as of water)", ["粽"] = "rice dumplings wrapped in leaves", ["精"] = "energy; perfect; excellent; refined; very; proficient", ["粿"] = "cooked rice for making cake", ["糅"] = "mix", ["糈"] = "official pay; sacrificial rice", ["糊"] = "paste; cream; muddled; scorched", ["糒"] = "food for a journey; cakes", ["糔"] = "to wash (rice; etc.)", ["糕"] = "cake", ["糖"] = "sugar; sweets; candy", ["糗"] = "''surname''; dry provisions", ["糙"] = "rough; coarse (in texture)", ["糜"] = "dissolved; rice-gruel; wasted", ["糝"] = "to mix (of powders)", ["糞"] = "manure; dung", ["糟"] = "alcohol dregs; to waste; decayed", ["糠"] = "husk", ["糢"] = "blurred", ["糧"] = "grain; provisions", ["糨"] = "starch; paste; to starch", ["糯"] = "glutinous rice", ["糰"] = "dumpling", ["糱"] = "fermenting grain; yeast", ["糲"] = "coarse (grain)", ["糴"] = "buy up (grain)", ["糶"] = "sell (grain from granary)", ["糸"] = "fine silk", ["系"] = "be; system; to tie; department; faculty", ["糾"] = "gather together; to investigate; to entangle; correct", ["紀"] = "discipline; age; era; period; order; record", ["紂"] = "name of an emperor; saddle crupper", ["紃"] = "bind; silk cords", ["約"] = "appointment; agreement; to arrange; to restrict; approximately; weigh", ["紅"] = "red; revolutionary; prosperity; bonus; popular", ["紆"] = "''surname''; cord; twist", ["紇"] = "tassels; knot", ["紈"] = "white; white silk", ["紉"] = "to string; to thread (needle)", ["紊"] = "involved; tangled; disorder", ["紋"] = "line; trace; mark", ["納"] = "to accept; to pay (taxes, etc.)", ["紐"] = "to turn; to wrench; button", ["紑"] = "bright; glossy (of silk)", ["紓"] = "slow; to free from", ["純"] = "pure; simple; unmixed; genuine", ["紕"] = "error; carelessness; spoiled silk", ["紗"] = "cotton yarn; muslin", ["紘"] = "cord for hat; vast", ["紙"] = "paper", ["級"] = "level; grade; rank; step", ["紛"] = "numerous; disorderly", ["紜"] = "numerous", ["紝"] = "thread used for weaving", ["紞"] = "silk fringe of a coronet", ["紟"] = "a sash; to tie", ["素"] = "plain; element", ["紡"] = "spin", ["索"] = "to search; to demand; to ask; to exact; large rope; isolated", ["紩"] = "to stitch; mend", ["紫"] = "purple; violet; imperial; palace", ["紬"] = "silk", ["紮"] = "tie with string or ribbon; bind with rope or cord; to stop", ["累"] = "accumulate; implicate; tired; cumbersome", ["細"] = "fine; minutely; thin; slender", ["紱"] = "ribbon for a seal; sash", ["紲"] = "leash; rein", ["紳"] = "member of gentry", ["紵"] = "Boehmeria nivea", ["紹"] = "connect; to introduce", ["紺"] = "violet or purple", ["紼"] = "heavy rope; rope of a bier", ["紽"] = "braid on a robe", ["紾"] = "crooked; obstinate; twist a cord", ["紿"] = "bind; pretend; to fool", ["絀"] = "crimson silk; deficiency; to stitch", ["絁"] = "rough, indelicate silk", ["終"] = "end; finish", ["絃"] = "string of mus. instr.", ["組"] = "to form; compose; make up; group; to organize; cord", ["絅"] = "monotone garment with no lining", ["絆"] = "to trip; stumble; hinder", ["絏"] = "leash; rein", ["結"] = "knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit); bond; to tie; to bind", ["絓"] = "anxious; coarse silk; fasten", ["絕"] = "cut short; extinct; to disappear; to vanish; absolutely; by no means", ["絖"] = "fine floss-silk or cotton", ["絛"] = "braid; cord; sash", ["絜"] = "marking line; pure; regulate; clean", ["絞"] = "hang (a criminal); to turn; to twist; to wind", ["絡"] = "net-like; small net", ["絢"] = "adorned; swift", ["給"] = "to supply; provide; to; for; for the benefit of; to give; to allow; to do something (for someone); (passive particle)", ["絨"] = "velvet; woolen", ["絪"] = "generative force; magic emanation", ["絮"] = "line with cotton wadding", ["絰"] = "hempen cloth worn by mourner", ["統"] = "to gather; to unite; to unify; whole", ["絲"] = "silk; thread; trace", ["絳"] = "purple-red", ["絹"] = "thick but loosely woven silk", ["絺"] = "fine fibres of hemp; linen", ["絻"] = "cap", ["絿"] = "urgent; pressing", ["綀"] = "a kind of sackcloth", ["綁"] = "to tie; bind or fasten together", ["綃"] = "raw silk", ["綅"] = "red silk crest of helmet", ["綆"] = "rope; well-rope", ["綈"] = "coarse greenish black pongee", ["綌"] = "coarse hempen fabric", ["綍"] = "heavy rope; ropes of a bier", ["綎"] = "silk braided cord", ["綏"] = "pacify", ["綑"] = "a bunch; tie together", ["經"] = "classics; sacred book; pass through; to undergo; scripture", ["綖"] = "cap tassels", ["綜"] = "to sum up", ["綠"] = "green", ["綢"] = "(light) silk", ["綣"] = "bound in a league", ["綦"] = "dark grey; superlative; variegated", ["綪"] = "dark red colour (of silk product)", ["綬"] = "cord on a seal", ["維"] = "to preserve; to maintain; to hold together; dimension", ["綮"] = "embroidered banner", ["綯"] = "bind; cord; twist", ["綰"] = "bind up; string together", ["綱"] = "head rope of a fishing net; guiding principle; key link; (taxonomy) class; outline; programme", ["網"] = "net; network", ["綴"] = "sew; stitch together; combine; link; connect", ["綵"] = "coloured; variegated", ["綸"] = "classify; silk thread; twist silk", ["綹"] = "skein; tuft; lock", ["綺"] = "beautiful; open-work silk", ["綻"] = "ripped seam", ["綽"] = "generous; ample; wide; spacious; well-off; cook by scalding (see 焯)", ["綾"] = "damask; thin silk", ["綿"] = "cotton; incessant; soft; downy", ["緁"] = "to join, to splice, to braid", ["緄"] = "cord; embroidered sash; sew", ["緅"] = "purple silk", ["緇"] = "Buddhists; black silk; dark", ["緊"] = "tight; nervous; strict", ["緋"] = "dark red; purple silk", ["緌"] = "strings of cap", ["緎"] = "seam", ["緒"] = "beginnings; clues; mental state; thread", ["緗"] = "light yellow colour", ["緘"] = "letters; to close; seal", ["緙"] = "to woof", ["線"] = "thread; string; wire; line", ["緝"] = "to stitch finely", ["緞"] = "satin", ["締"] = "closely joined; connection; knot", ["緡"] = "cord; fishing-line; string of coins", ["緣"] = "along; predestined affinity; reason; edge", ["緦"] = "fine linen", ["編"] = "weave; plait; organize; group; arrange; edit; compile; write; compose; fabricate", ["緩"] = "slow; sluggish; gradual; to postpone", ["緪"] = "a rope", ["緬"] = "Burma; distant", ["緯"] = "latitude", ["緰"] = "net", ["緱"] = "''surname''", ["緲"] = "indistinct", ["練"] = "to practise; to train; to perfect (one's skill); to drill", ["緶"] = "braid", ["緹"] = "orange red silk", ["緻"] = "fine and close", ["縃"] = "fine silk", ["縈"] = "wind around", ["縉"] = "red silk", ["縊"] = "hang; strangle oneself", ["縋"] = "let down with a rope", ["縏"] = "small bag; sack", ["縐"] = "crepe; wrinkle", ["縑"] = "thick waterproof silk", ["縕"] = "hemp; vague; mysterious; generative force; orange colour", ["縗"] = "mourning garments", ["縚"] = "braid; cord; sash", ["縛"] = "to bind; to tie", ["縝"] = "fine and close", ["縞"] = "plain white silk", ["縟"] = "adorned; beautiful", ["縠"] = "fine silk gauze", ["縡"] = "matter, affair", ["縢"] = "bind; cord; tie up", ["縣"] = "a district; county", ["縫"] = "crack; seam; to sew; to stitch", ["縭"] = "bridal veil or kerchief", ["縮"] = "to withdraw; to pull back; to contract; to shrink; to reduce", ["縯"] = "long", ["縰"] = "band for the hair", ["縱"] = "even if; release; vertical", ["縲"] = "bind; bond", ["縳"] = "tie up", ["縴"] = "boatman's tow-rope", ["縵"] = "plain thin silk; slow; unadorned", ["縶"] = "connect; tie up", ["縷"] = "state in detail; strand; thread", ["縹"] = "misty; indistinct", ["縻"] = "tie up", ["總"] = "always; to assemble; gather; total; overall; head; chief; general; in every case", ["績"] = "merit; accomplishment", ["縿"] = "fringe; ornament of banner", ["繁"] = "complicated; many; in great numbers", ["繃"] = "to have a taut face; to stretch; taut; to tie; to bind", ["繄"] = "interj.; sighing sound", ["繅"] = "reel silk from cocoons", ["繆"] = "to wind round; ''surname''", ["繇"] = "cause; means; interpretations of the trigrams; folk-song; forced labour", ["繈"] = "cloth for carrying baby on back", ["繐"] = "fine and loose cloth; tassel", ["繒"] = "to tie; to bind; ''surname''; silk fabrics", ["織"] = "weave", ["繕"] = "make a fair copy of", ["繖"] = "umbrella; parasol", ["繘"] = "a well-rope", ["繙"] = "translate", ["繚"] = "lines for a sail; wind round", ["繞"] = "go around; to wind (around)", ["繠"] = "dangle; hang loosely", ["繡"] = "to embroider", ["繢"] = "multi-colour; to draw", ["繣"] = "obstinate; perverse", ["繨"] = "a knot (of a rope)", ["繩"] = "rope", ["繪"] = "to draw; to paint", ["繫"] = "connect; to tie", ["繭"] = "cocoon", ["繯"] = "bind; tie; noose", ["繰"] = "to reel silk from cocoons", ["繳"] = "hand in; hand over", ["繸"] = "tassel", ["繹"] = "continuous; explain; unravel", ["繻"] = "fine silk", ["繼"] = "to continue; to follow after; then; afterwards; to go on with; to succeed; to inherit", ["繽"] = "helter-skelter; mixed colours; in confusion", ["繾"] = "attached to; loving", ["纁"] = "crimson", ["纂"] = "compile", ["纆"] = "bind; cord", ["纇"] = "flaw; knot", ["纈"] = "knot; tie a knot", ["纊"] = "fine floss-silk or cotton", ["續"] = "continue; replenish", ["纍"] = "bind; creep; dispirited", ["纏"] = "to bother; wind around; wrap round; coil; involve; annoy; tangle", ["纑"] = "hempen thread; to dress hemp", ["纓"] = "tassel of hat", ["纔"] = "just; not until", ["纕"] = "cord to hold up sleeves", ["纖"] = "fine; delicate; minute", ["纘"] = "carry on", ["纙"] = "string on which coins are strung", ["纚"] = "long; dangling; kerchief; rope", ["纛"] = "big banner; feather banner or fan", ["纜"] = "cable; hawser", ["缶"] = "pottery", ["缸"] = "jar; vat", ["缺"] = "lack; scarce; vacant post; to run short of", ["缽"] = "alms bowl; small earthenware basin", ["缾"] = "vase; bottle; pitcher", ["罃"] = "earthen jar with long neck", ["罄"] = "entirely; exhausted; stern", ["罅"] = "crack; grudge", ["罈"] = "earthen jar", ["罋"] = "earthen jar; urn", ["罌"] = "earthen jar with small mouth", ["罍"] = "jar; wooden drinking cup", ["罏"] = "pile of earth to keep wine jars", ["罐"] = "can; jar; pot", ["网"] = "a net", ["罔"] = "deceive; there is none", ["罕"] = "rare", ["罘"] = "net for catching the rabbit", ["罛"] = "large fishing net", ["罝"] = "net for catching rabbits", ["罟"] = "implicate; net for birds or fish", ["罠"] = "animal trap", ["罡"] = "(stars)", ["罣"] = "anxious about", ["罥"] = "impede", ["罦"] = "net for catching birds", ["罨"] = "foment; valve", ["罩"] = "cover; fish trap (basket); shade", ["罪"] = "guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin", ["罫"] = "squares of a chess board", ["罭"] = "drag-net", ["置"] = "to install; to place; to put", ["罰"] = "to punish; to penalize", ["署"] = "office; bureau", ["罵"] = "scold; abuse", ["罶"] = "creel; fish basket", ["罷"] = "(final part.); to stop; cease; dismiss; suspend; to quit; to finish", ["罹"] = "happen to; sorrow; suffer from", ["罻"] = "bird net", ["罽"] = "(fishing net); woolen rug", ["罾"] = "large square net", ["罿"] = "bird net", ["羃"] = "cover of cloth for food; veil", ["羅"] = "to collect; to gather; to catch; to shift; gauze", ["羆"] = "(bear)", ["羇"] = "inn; to lodge", ["羈"] = "halter; restrain", ["羊"] = "caprid", ["羋"] = "''surname''", ["羌"] = "educated; name of a tribe; strong", ["美"] = "beautiful; beauty; America", ["羑"] = "to lead", ["羔"] = "lamb", ["羖"] = "black ewe", ["羚"] = "antelope", ["羜"] = "five-month-old lamb", ["羝"] = "billy goat; ram", ["羞"] = "shy; ashamed; shame; bashful", ["羢"] = "wool of sheep", ["群"] = "crowd; flock; group", ["羥"] = "hydroxyl (radical)", ["羧"] = "(chem.) carboxyl (radical)", ["羨"] = "to envy", ["義"] = "justice; righteousness; meaning", ["羭"] = "black ram", ["羯"] = "castrated buck caprid", ["羰"] = "carbonyl (radical)", ["羱"] = "ovis ammon", ["羲"] = "''surname''; name of an emperor", ["羵"] = "spirit", ["羶"] = "rank odour (of sheep or goats)", ["羸"] = "entangled; lean", ["羹"] = "soup", ["羼"] = "confusion; sheep crowding", ["羽"] = "feather", ["羿"] = "name of a famous archer", ["翀"] = "soar", ["翁"] = "elderly person", ["翃"] = "to swarm (of insects)", ["翅"] = "wing", ["翊"] = "assist; ready to fly; respect", ["翌"] = "bright; tomorrow", ["翎"] = "tail feathers", ["翏"] = "the sound of the wind; to soar", ["習"] = "to practise; to study; habit", ["翔"] = "soar", ["翕"] = "agree", ["翛"] = "hastiness", ["翟"] = "''surname''; long-tail pheasant", ["翠"] = "bluish-green; green jade", ["翡"] = "green jade; kingfisher", ["翣"] = "wooden fan carried in procession", ["翥"] = "soar", ["翦"] = "cut with scissors; scissors", ["翩"] = "fly fast", ["翪"] = "uneven flight of a bird", ["翫"] = "play with", ["翬"] = "to fly; variegated pheasant", ["翮"] = "quill", ["翯"] = "glistening plumage of birds", ["翰"] = "pen", ["翱"] = "soar; hover", ["翳"] = "feather screen; to screen; to shade", ["翹"] = "outstanding; to raise", ["翻"] = "flit about; translate; turn over", ["翼"] = "wing", ["翽"] = "noise of bird's wings", ["翾"] = "flirtatious; short flight", ["翿"] = "feather banner or fan", ["耀"] = "brilliant; glorious", ["老"] = "old; aged; venerable; outdated; experienced; (affectionate prefix)", ["考"] = "to check; to verify; to test; to examine", ["耄"] = "aged", ["者"] = "-ist, -er (person); person (who does something)", ["耆"] = "man of sixty or seventy", ["耇"] = "wrinkled face of the elderly", ["耋"] = "aged; in one's eighties", ["而"] = "and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)", ["耍"] = "play with; to juggle", ["耎"] = "pliable", ["耏"] = "''surname''; beard", ["耐"] = "to withstand; to bear", ["耑"] = "concentrated; specialized", ["耒"] = "plough", ["耔"] = "hoe up soil around plants", ["耕"] = "to plough; to till", ["耗"] = "to waste; to spend; to consume; to squander; mouse; new", ["耘"] = "to weed", ["耙"] = "a rake; harrow", ["耜"] = "plough; ploughshare", ["耞"] = "flail", ["耡"] = "hoe", ["耤"] = "plough", ["耦"] = "pair; mate; ploughshare", ["耨"] = "hoe", ["耩"] = "to plough; to sow", ["耪"] = "to weed", ["耬"] = "drill for sowing grain", ["耰"] = "harrow", ["耳"] = "ear", ["耶"] = "(final part.); ''phonetic''", ["耷"] = "big ear; to droop", ["耽"] = "indulge; delay", ["耿"] = "bright", ["聃"] = "ears without rim", ["聆"] = "to listen", ["聊"] = "to chat; to have a chat; to kill time", ["聖"] = "holy; sacred; saint; sage", ["聘"] = "betrothed; engage (teacher); hire", ["聚"] = "form gathering; gather", ["聝"] = "cut off the left ear of the slain", ["聞"] = "hear; news; celebrated; sniff at", ["聯"] = "to ally; to unite; to join", ["聰"] = "quick at hearing; wise; clever; sharp-witted; intelligent; acute", ["聱"] = "difficult to pronounce", ["聲"] = "sound; voice; (a measure word, used for sounds); tone; noise", ["聳"] = "excite; raise up; to shrug; high; lofty; towering", ["聵"] = "born deaf; deaf", ["聶"] = "''surname''; whisper", ["職"] = "office; duty", ["聹"] = "earwax", ["聽"] = "let; allow; listen; hear; obey", ["聾"] = "deaf", ["聿"] = "introductory part.; pen", ["肄"] = "descendants; distress; practice", ["肅"] = "Gansu; respectful", ["肆"] = "four (fraud-proof); market", ["肇"] = "at first; devise; originate", ["肉"] = "meat; flesh", ["肋"] = "rib", ["肌"] = "flesh; muscle", ["肏"] = "to fuck", ["肐"] = "armpit, arms", ["肓"] = "region between heart and diaphragm", ["肕"] = "tough, strong, hard", ["肖"] = "similar; resembling; to resemble; to be like", ["肘"] = "elbow; pork shoulder", ["肙"] = "a small worm; to twist; to surround; empty", ["肚"] = "belly; tripe", ["肛"] = "anus", ["肜"] = "''surname''", ["肝"] = "liver", ["股"] = "share; portion; section; part; thigh; (a measure word, e.g., use with electric current); whiff", ["肢"] = "limb", ["肥"] = "fat; fertile; loose-fitting", ["肩"] = "shoulder", ["肪"] = "animal fat", ["肫"] = "gizzard", ["肮"] = "filthy", ["肯"] = "to agree; to consent; to be ready (to do something); willing", ["肱"] = "brachium; humerus", ["育"] = "nourish; to rear", ["肴"] = "meat dishes", ["肵"] = "table", ["肸"] = "giggle; scatter", ["肺"] = "lung", ["肼"] = "hydrazine", ["肽"] = "peptide", ["胂"] = "arsine", ["胃"] = "stomach", ["胄"] = "descendants", ["胊"] = "yoke", ["背"] = "learn by heart; the back of the body; to be burdened; to carry on the back or shoulder", ["胍"] = "guanidine", ["胎"] = "fetus; litter", ["胏"] = "dried meat with bone", ["胑"] = "wings of birds; legs of animals", ["胔"] = "rotten meat; bones of dead animal", ["胖"] = "fat; plump", ["胗"] = "gizzard", ["胙"] = "confer upon; sacrificial flesh", ["胚"] = "fetus", ["胛"] = "shoulder blade", ["胜"] = "peptide", ["胝"] = "callous", ["胞"] = "the placenta; womb", ["胠"] = "flank of animal; open", ["胡"] = "barbarian; recklessly; ''surname''", ["胤"] = "heir; inherit", ["胥"] = "all; assist; to store", ["胦"] = "the navel", ["胭"] = "rouge", ["胯"] = "thigh; leg", ["胰"] = "pancreas; soap", ["胱"] = "bladder", ["胲"] = "hydroxylamine", ["胳"] = "armpit", ["胴"] = "large intestine; torso", ["胸"] = "chest; bosom; heart; mind; thorax", ["胹"] = "to boil", ["胺"] = "amine", ["胼"] = "callous on hand or foot", ["能"] = "ability; can; may; capable; energy; able", ["胾"] = "cut meat into pieces; diced meat", ["脂"] = "fat", ["脅"] = "side of body; threaten", ["脆"] = "brittle; fragile; crisp; clear and loud voice; neat", ["脈"] = "mountain range; pulse", ["脊"] = "spine; back; ridge", ["脖"] = "neck", ["脘"] = "internal cavity of stomach", ["脛"] = "lower part of leg", ["脝"] = "fat; bloated", ["脞"] = "chopped meat; trifles", ["脡"] = "brisket meat; straight", ["脢"] = "meat on the back of an animal", ["脣"] = "lip", ["脤"] = "sacrificial meat (raw)", ["脥"] = "pelvic cavity; lower abdomen", ["脧"] = "fleece; extort; reduce", ["脩"] = "cultivate; repair; teacher's pay", ["脫"] = "to shed; to take off; to escape; to get away from", ["脬"] = "bladder", ["脯"] = "chest (thorax); candied fruit", ["脰"] = "neck; throat", ["脲"] = "urea", ["脹"] = "dropsical; swollen; to swell; to be bloated", ["脾"] = "spleen", ["腆"] = "make strong (as liquors); virtuous", ["腊"] = "preserved (meat)", ["腋"] = "armpit", ["腌"] = "to salt; pickle", ["腍"] = "be satiated; cooked; good-tasting", ["腎"] = "kidney", ["腐"] = "decay; rotten", ["腑"] = "internal organs", ["腒"] = "dried poultry", ["腓"] = "calf of leg; decay; protect", ["腔"] = "cavity of body; tune", ["腕"] = "wrist", ["腜"] = "quickening of the fetus", ["腠"] = "the tissue between the skin and the flesh", ["腥"] = "fishy (smell)", ["腦"] = "brain", ["腫"] = "swollen", ["腮"] = "gills; lower part of cheeks", ["腯"] = "fat (of pigs)", ["腰"] = "waist; lower back; pocket; middle", ["腱"] = "gristle", ["腳"] = "role; foot; base", ["腴"] = "fat on belly; fertile; rich", ["腶"] = "dried meat", ["腸"] = "intestines", ["腹"] = "abdomen; stomach; belly", ["腺"] = "gland", ["腿"] = "leg", ["膀"] = "to flirt; puffed (swollen); bladder; upper arm; wing", ["膂"] = "backbone; strength", ["膆"] = "crop of a bird; fat", ["膇"] = "swelling of foot", ["膈"] = "diaphragm", ["膊"] = "shoulder; upper arm", ["膋"] = "fat on intestines", ["膏"] = "ointment; paste", ["膕"] = "hollow", ["膗"] = "ugly and fat; too fat to move", ["膘"] = "fat of a stock animal", ["膙"] = "callous", ["膚"] = "skin", ["膛"] = "chest (of body); hollow space; throat", ["膜"] = "membrane; film; to prostrate", ["膝"] = "knee", ["膟"] = "sacrificial flesh", ["膠"] = "glue; gum", ["膣"] = "vagina", ["膦"] = "phosphine", ["膨"] = "swollen", ["膩"] = "greasy; tired of", ["膰"] = "cooked meat used in sacrifice", ["膲"] = "the three divisions of the viscera (med.)", ["膳"] = "meals", ["膴"] = "big piece of meat; dried meat", ["膵"] = "pancreas", ["膷"] = "hashed beef; soup", ["膺"] = "breast; receive", ["膻"] = "rank odour (of sheep or goats)", ["膽"] = "the gall; the nerve; courage; guts; gall bladder", ["膾"] = "minced fish or meat", ["膿"] = "pus", ["臀"] = "butt; buttocks", ["臂"] = "arm", ["臃"] = "swell up; swelling; fat", ["臄"] = "palate; sausage", ["臆"] = "feelings; opinion; thoughts", ["臇"] = "fat, rich; a stew of fish", ["臉"] = "face", ["臊"] = "bashfulness; smell of urine", ["臌"] = "dropsical; swollen", ["臍"] = "navel", ["臏"] = "kneecap; patella", ["臐"] = "lamb soup", ["臑"] = "soft", ["臕"] = "fat; gross, sleek", ["臘"] = "12th month of Chinese calendar; preserved (meat)", ["臙"] = "rouge", ["臚"] = "belly; skin; to state", ["臛"] = "meat broth", ["臝"] = "naked", ["臟"] = "viscera", ["臠"] = "skinny; sliced meat", ["臣"] = "statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official", ["臥"] = "to lie; to crouch", ["臧"] = "''surname''; good; lucky", ["臨"] = "to face; to overlook; to arrive; to be (just) about to; just before", ["自"] = "from; self; oneself; since", ["臬"] = "provincial judge", ["臭"] = "sense of smell; smell bad; stench; stink; smelly; to smell (bad)", ["臲"] = "tottering; unsteady", ["至"] = "arrive; most; to; until", ["致"] = "to send; to devote; to deliver; to cause; to convey", ["臺"] = "(measure word); platform; stage; terrace; stand; support; desk; station; broadcasting station", ["臻"] = "to reach; utmost", ["臼"] = "mortar", ["臾"] = "''surname''; a moment; little while", ["臿"] = "to separate the grain from the husk", ["舀"] = "to scoop", ["舁"] = "to lift; raise", ["舂"] = "to pound (grain); beat", ["舄"] = "shoe; slipper", ["舅"] = "maternal uncle", ["與"] = "and; to give; together with; take part in; (interrog. part.)", ["興"] = "interest; flourish; it is the fashion to; to become popular", ["舉"] = "to lift; to hold up; to cite; to enumerate; to act; to raise; to choose; to elect", ["舊"] = "old (opposite of new); former", ["舋"] = "offer blood in sacrifice", ["舌"] = "tongue", ["舍"] = "residence", ["舐"] = "to lick; lap", ["舒"] = "relax; stretch; slow", ["舔"] = "to lick; to lap", ["舖"] = "a store", ["舛"] = "mistaken; erroneous; contradictory", ["舜"] = "name of an emperor", ["舞"] = "to dance; to wield; to brandish", ["舟"] = "boat", ["舠"] = "kayak", ["舡"] = "boat; ship", ["航"] = "boat; ship; vessel; craft; to navigate; to sail", ["舫"] = "2 boats lashed together; large boat", ["般"] = "sort; kind; class; way; manner", ["舲"] = "small boat with windows", ["舳"] = "poop deck; stern of boat", ["舵"] = "helm; rudder", ["舶"] = "sea-going vessels; ship", ["舷"] = "sides of boat", ["舸"] = "barge", ["船"] = "a boat; vessel; ship", ["舺"] = "(boat)", ["艄"] = "stern of boat", ["艅"] = "a dispatch boat", ["艇"] = "small boat", ["艎"] = "fast-sailing boat", ["艑"] = "skiff", ["艕"] = "two boats fastened side by side", ["艖"] = "raft; boat", ["艗"] = "bow of a Chinese boat", ["艘"] = "measure word for boats and ships (mainland pronunciation); measure word for warships (Taiwan pronunciation)", ["艙"] = "cabin; the hold of a ship or aeroplane", ["艚"] = "sea-going junk", ["艜"] = "a long narrow vessel with two masts", ["艣"] = "sculling oar", ["艤"] = "moor a boat to the bank", ["艦"] = "warship", ["艨"] = "war-boat", ["艩"] = "tholepin", ["艫"] = "bow of ship", ["艬"] = "large ship", ["艭"] = "boat", ["艮"] = "blunt; tough; chewy; one of the eight diagrams; ''surname''", ["良"] = "good; very; very much", ["艱"] = "difficult; hard; hardship", ["色"] = "colour; dice; look; appearance", ["艴"] = "angry", ["艷"] = "glamorous", ["艸"] = "grass", ["艾"] = "''[[Artemisia vulgaris]]''; [[Chinese mugwort]]", ["芃"] = "luxuriant growth", ["芄"] = "{{taxlink|Metaplexis stauntoni|species}}", ["芊"] = "green; luxuriant growth", ["芋"] = "''[[Colocasia antiquorum]]''", ["芍"] = "{{taxlink|Paeonia albiflora|species}}", ["芑"] = "''[[Panicum miliaceum]]''", ["芒"] = "''[[Miscanthus sinensis]]''", ["芔"] = "a general term for plants", ["芘"] = "''[[Malva sylvestris]]''", ["芚"] = "green sprout; foolish", ["芝"] = "{{taxlink|Zoysia pungens|species}}", ["芟"] = "cut down; mow; scythe", ["芡"] = "''[[Euryale ferox]]''; cornstarch", ["芣"] = "(plantain)", ["芤"] = "hollow; scallion stalk", ["芥"] = "''[[Brassica juncea]]''", ["芧"] = "{{taxlink|Scirpus maritimus|species}}; small chestnut", ["芨"] = "{{taxlink|Bletilla striata|species}} (mucilaginous); Acronym for the Chinese Elder tree 菫草", ["芩"] = "{{taxlink|Phragmites japonicus|species}}", ["芫"] = "''[[Daphne genkwa]]''", ["芬"] = "fragrant", ["芭"] = "a kind of fragrant grass", ["芮"] = "''surname''; small", ["芯"] = "lamp pith; core", ["芰"] = "{{taxlink|Trapa natans|species}}; [[water caltrop]]", ["花"] = "flower; blossom; to spend; fancy pattern", ["芳"] = "fragrant", ["芴"] = "fluorine", ["芷"] = "angelica (type of iris; plant root used for medicine)", ["芸"] = "''[[Ruta graveolens]]''", ["芹"] = "[[Chinese celery]]", ["芻"] = "''surname''; cut grass; hay; straw; fodder", ["芼"] = "select; vegetables", ["芽"] = "bud; sprout", ["芾"] = "luxuriance of vegetation; small", ["苑"] = "park", ["苒"] = "luxuriant growth; passing (of time)", ["苓"] = "fungus; tuber", ["苔"] = "moss; coating (of tongue)", ["苕"] = "{{vern|Chinese trumpet vine}}", ["苗"] = "sprout; seedling; descendant; symptom of a trend; young; vaccine; Miao tribe", ["苙"] = "(herb); pigsty", ["苛"] = "severe; exacting", ["苞"] = "flower calyx; luxuriant; profuse", ["苟"] = "if indeed; thoughtless", ["苠"] = "multitude; skin of bamboo", ["苡"] = "[[Job's tears]]", ["苣"] = "lettuce", ["若"] = "to seem; like; as; if", ["苦"] = "bitter; intensely; miserable; painful", ["苧"] = "[[ramie]] (''[[Boehmeria nivea]]'')", ["苪"] = "bright; shining, splendid", ["苫"] = "straw mat; thatch", ["苯"] = "benzene", ["英"] = "flower; hero; brave; outstanding; Britain (abbrev.); English", ["苳"] = "''[[Petasites japonicus]]''", ["苴"] = "(hemp); ''surname''; sack cloth", ["苶"] = "weary; tired", ["苹"] = "(artemisia); duckweed", ["苺"] = "(wild rose)", ["苻"] = "{{taxlink|Angelica anomala|species}}", ["苾"] = "''phonetic''; fragrant", ["茀"] = "luxuriant growth", ["茁"] = "increase; sprout", ["茂"] = "luxuriant", ["范"] = "pattern; model; example; ''surname''", ["茄"] = "eggplant", ["茅"] = "thatch", ["茇"] = "betel", ["茈"] = "{{taxlink|Lithospermum officinale|species}}; water chestnut", ["茌"] = "name of a district in Shandong", ["茍"] = "if indeed; thoughtless", ["茖"] = "{{taxlink|Allium victorialis|species}}", ["茗"] = "''[[Camellia sinensis]]''; young leaves of tea", ["茛"] = "[[wolfsbane]]", ["茜"] = "[[common madder]] (''[[Rubia cordifolia]]'')", ["茞"] = "fragrant plant; angelica", ["茠"] = "to weed; to eradicate", ["茢"] = "rushes; sedges", ["茥"] = "{{taxlink|Rubus coreanus|species}}", ["茦"] = "pointed grass blade; to prick", ["茨"] = "''[[Tribulus terrestris]]''; thatched hut", ["茫"] = "vague; vast", ["茬"] = "grain stumps; crop", ["茭"] = "wild rice ({{taxlink|Zizania aquatica|species}}; {{taxlink|Oenanthe javanica|species}}", ["茱"] = "Cornelian cherry", ["茲"] = "herewith", ["茳"] = "Shichito matgrass ({{taxlink|Cyperus malaccensis|species}})", ["茴"] = "fennel", ["茵"] = "{{taxlink|Skimmia japonica|species}}; cushion", ["茶"] = "tea; tea plant", ["茷"] = "denseness of grass-foliage", ["茸"] = "confused; fluffy; luxuriant growth", ["茹"] = "eat; [[rubicene]] (chemistry)", ["荀"] = "''surname''", ["荁"] = "(vegetable); {{taxlink|Viola vaginata|species}}", ["荃"] = "(fragrant plant)", ["荄"] = "roots of plant", ["荅"] = "to answer; agree", ["荇"] = "{{taxlink|Limnanthemum nymphoides|species}}", ["荈"] = "{{taxlink|Thea sinensis|species}}", ["草"] = "grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty", ["荊"] = "thorns; brambles", ["荍"] = "buckwheat; herbal medicine", ["荏"] = "''[[Perilla frutescens]]''; soft", ["荐"] = "recommend (a person)", ["荑"] = "to weed; (grass)", ["荒"] = "out of practice; uncultivated", ["荳"] = "bean; peas", ["荵"] = "[[polemonium]]", ["荷"] = "peppermint; to carry burden; lotus", ["荻"] = "''[[Miscanthus sacchariflorus]]''", ["荼"] = "''[[Sonchus oleraceus]]''", ["莆"] = "place name", ["莊"] = "farm; village", ["莎"] = "(grass); ''[[Cyperus rotundus]]''; (insect); ''phonetic''", ["莒"] = "(fibrous plant)", ["莓"] = "berry", ["莔"] = "{{taxlink|Fritillaria verticillata|species}}", ["莕"] = "{{taxlink|Nymphoides peltatum|species}}", ["莖"] = "stalk; stem", ["莘"] = "{{taxlink|Asarum sieboldi|species}}; long; numerous", ["莙"] = "species of water plant", ["莚"] = "bamboo mat; feast, banquet", ["莛"] = "stalk of grass", ["莝"] = "to chop straw fine for animals", ["莞"] = "(district); smile; tabernaemontanus [[bulrush]]; ''surname''", ["莠"] = "''[[Setaria viridis]]''; vicious", ["莢"] = "pod", ["莦"] = "jungle grass; lair", ["莧"] = "{{taxlink|Amarantus mangostanus|species}}", ["莨"] = "{{taxlink|Scopalia japonica|species}} maxin", ["莩"] = "die of starvation; [[pellicle]] of culms", ["莪"] = "[[zedoary]]", ["莫"] = "do not; there is none who", ["莰"] = "[[camphane]]", ["莽"] = "''[[Illicium anisatum]]''; rude", ["莿"] = "{{taxlink|Urtica thunbergiana|species}}", ["菀"] = "luxuriance of growth", ["菁"] = "flower of leek", ["菅"] = "(grass); {{taxlink|Themeda forsbali|species}}", ["菆"] = "arrow; weeds", ["菇"] = "mushroom", ["菉"] = "''[[Arthraxon]]'' ciliare; green; rhodacene", ["菊"] = "chrysanthemum", ["菌"] = "bacteria; mould; mushroom; germ", ["菎"] = "beautiful jade; bamboo", ["菑"] = "''surname''; one-year-old field", ["菔"] = "turnip", ["菖"] = "calamus", ["菘"] = "(cabbage); {{taxlink|Brassica chinensis|species}}", ["菜"] = "dish (type of food); vegetables", ["菟"] = "dodder; cuscuta", ["菢"] = "hatch", ["菣"] = "{{taxlink|Artemisia carvifolia|species}}", ["菧"] = "stibene", ["菩"] = "Bodhisattva", ["菫"] = "the hidden violet ({{taxlink|Viola verecunda|species}})", ["華"] = "flowery; flourishing; magnificent; your; grey; corona; time; essence; China; Chinese; name of a mountain", ["菰"] = "[[Manchurian wild rice]] (''[[Zizania latifolia]]''); mushroom", ["菱"] = "{{taxlink|Trapa natans|species}}; water caltrop", ["菲"] = "rich; luxurious; phenanthrene (chemical); Philippines (abbrev.)", ["菴"] = "small Buddhist temple", ["菶"] = "expand; thick weeds", ["菸"] = "cigarette; tobacco", ["菺"] = "{{taxlink|Althaea rosea|species}}", ["菻"] = "ancient name for east Roman empire", ["菼"] = "''[[Miscanthus sacchariflorus]]''", ["菾"] = "sugar beet", ["萁"] = "stalks of pulse", ["萃"] = "collect; collection; dense; grassy; thick; assemble; gather", ["萆"] = "castor seed", ["萇"] = "carambola", ["萊"] = "''[[Chenopodium album]]''", ["萋"] = "luxuriant", ["萌"] = "(archaic) people; sprout; (neologism) moe, cute", ["萍"] = "duckweed", ["萎"] = "wither; spiritless; withered", ["萐"] = "(auspicious herb)", ["萑"] = "(reeds)", ["萘"] = "naphthalene", ["萩"] = "{{taxlink|Lespedeza bicolor|species}}", ["萬"] = "ten thousand; a great number; ''surname''", ["萱"] = "lemon [[daylily]] ({{taxlink|Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus|species}})", ["萴"] = "(medicinal herb)", ["萵"] = "(lettuce); ''[[Lactuca sativa]]''", ["萹"] = "''[[Polygonum aviculare]]''", ["萻"] = "small Buddhist temple", ["萼"] = "stem and calyx of flower", ["落"] = "to fall; to drop (behind); leave behind", ["葄"] = "straw cushion; pillow", ["葆"] = "dense foliage; to cover", ["葇"] = "{{taxlink|Elsholtzia ciliata|species}}", ["葉"] = "leaf; page", ["葍"] = "weeds", ["葎"] = "[[Japanese hop]] ({{taxlink|Humulus japonicus|species}})", ["葑"] = "turnip", ["葒"] = "herb", ["著"] = "''particle indicating the successful result of a verb''; to touch; to come in contact with; to feel; to be affected by; to catch fire; to fall asleep; to burn; particle attached after verb to indicate action in progress, like -ing ending; to make known; to show; to prove; to write; book; outstanding; to wear (clothes); to contact; to use; to apply; catch; receive; suffer", ["葙"] = "plumed or silver cockscomb ({{taxfmt|Celosia argentea|species}})", ["葚"] = "fruit of mulberry", ["葛"] = "coarse grass linen", ["葠"] = "ginseng", ["葡"] = "Portugal", -- only sense if used alone ["董"] = "supervise; to direct; director", ["葥"] = "{{taxlink|Rubus palmatus|species}}", ["葦"] = "reed; rush; ''[[Phragmites communis]]''", ["葩"] = "corolla of flower", ["葫"] = "", ["葬"] = "bury (the dead)", ["葭"] = "reed; ''[[Phragmites communis]]''", ["葯"] = "medicine; drug", ["葳"] = "luxuriant", ["葴"] = "''[[Physalis alkekengi]]''", ["葵"] = "sunflower", ["葶"] = "{{taxlink|Draba nemerosa|species}} bebe carpa", ["葷"] = "meat dish", ["葸"] = "feel insecure; unhappy", ["葹"] = "{{taxlink|Xanthium strumarium|species}}", ["葺"] = "to repair", ["葽"] = "{{taxlink|Polygala japonica|species}}; lush (grass)", ["蒂"] = "stem (of fruit)", ["蒎"] = "pinane", ["蒐"] = "search out (as data)", ["蒔"] = "to transplant (to uproot and replant in a different location); to plant", ["蒗"] = "(herb); place name", ["蒙"] = "Mongolia; cover", ["蒜"] = "garlic", ["蒞"] = "attend (official functions)", ["蒟"] = "betel", ["蒢"] = "hedysarum", ["蒨"] = "luxuriant growth", ["蒯"] = "a rush; {{taxlink|Scirpus cyperinus|species}}", ["蒱"] = "gambling-game; sedges", ["蒲"] = "calamus", ["蒴"] = "pod; capsule", ["蒸"] = "to steam", ["蒹"] = "reed", ["蒺"] = "''[[Tribulus terrestris]]''", ["蒻"] = "", ["蒼"] = "dark blue; fly; musca; deep green", ["蒽"] = "anthracene", ["蒿"] = "wormwood", ["蓀"] = "fragrant grass", ["蓁"] = "abundant, luxuriant vegetation", ["蓂"] = "lucky place", ["蓄"] = "to store", ["蓆"] = "woven mat", ["蓉"] = "", ["蓊"] = "a plant in bloom; thick", ["蓋"] = "cover; lid; top; canopy; to build", ["蓌"] = "to squat (in salutation)", ["蓍"] = "{{taxlink|Achillea sibirica|species}}", ["蓏"] = "fruit of plants (not of trees)", ["蓐"] = "mat; rushes", ["蓑"] = "rain coat made of straw, etc.", ["蓓"] = "(flower) bud", ["蓖"] = "the castor-oil plant", ["蓧"] = "bamboo basket", ["蓪"] = "{{taxlink|Aralia papyrifera|species}}", ["蓫"] = "(weed); {{taxlink|Phytolacca acinosa|species}}", ["蓬"] = "(grass); disheveled", ["蓮"] = "lotus", ["蓰"] = "(grass); increase five fold", ["蓴"] = "{{taxlink|Brasenia purpurea|species}}", ["蓷"] = "{{taxlink|Leonurus macranthus|species}}", ["蓺"] = "skill; art", ["蓼"] = "luxuriant growth; polygonum; smartweed", ["蓽"] = "bean; pulse", ["蔀"] = "cycle of 76 years; shade", ["蔂"] = "basket for carrying earth", ["蔆"] = "{{taxlink|Trapa natans|species}}; water caltrop", ["蔇"] = "luxuriant growth; extreme; reach", ["蔉"] = "to bank up the roots of plants", ["蔊"] = "{{taxlink|Nasturtium montanum|species}}", ["蔋"] = "dry; scorched", ["蔌"] = "''surname''; vegetables", ["蔎"] = "{{taxlink|Thea sinensis|species}}", ["蔑"] = "belittle; nothing", ["蔓"] = "creeper; to spread; {{taxlink|Brassica campestris|species}}", ["蔔"] = "turnip", ["蔕"] = "stem (of fruit)", ["蔗"] = "sugar cane", ["蔘"] = "ginseng; huge", ["蔙"] = "(herb)", ["蔚"] = "''surname''; place name; {{taxlink|Artemisia japonica|species}}; luxuriant", ["蔞"] = "{{taxlink|Arthemisia vulgaris|species}}; ''[[Piper betle]]''", ["蔟"] = "collect; frame for silk worm; nest", ["蔡"] = "''surname''", ["蔣"] = "''surname''", ["蔥"] = "scallion; green onion", ["蔦"] = "[[Grossulariaceae]]", ["蔫"] = "fade; wither", ["蔬"] = "vegetables", ["蔭"] = "shade", ["蔯"] = "a variety of artemisia", ["蔽"] = "to cover; to shield; to screen; to conceal", ["蔾"] = "[[Chenopodiaceae]]", ["蕃"] = "flourishing; to reproduce", ["蕆"] = "complete; prepare", ["蕈"] = "mould; mushroom", ["蕉"] = "banana", ["蕊"] = "stamen; pistil", ["蕍"] = "{{taxlink|Alisma plantago|species}}", ["蕎"] = "buckwheat", ["蕑"] = "''surname''; {{taxlink|Eupatorium chinense|species}}", ["蕓"] = "celza", ["蕕"] = "{{taxlink|Caryopteris divaricata|species}}", ["蕖"] = "lotus", ["蕗"] = "leucacene", ["蕘"] = "fuel; grass", ["蕙"] = "''[[Dipteryx odorata]]''", ["蕝"] = "coarse grass used to show rank", ["蕞"] = "assemble; small", ["蕡"] = "hemp seeds; luxurious; abundant", ["蕢"] = "''surname''; {{taxlink|Amaranthus mangostanus|species}}", ["蕣"] = "''[[Hibiscus syriacus]]''", ["蕤"] = "fringe; overladen with flowers", ["蕨"] = "{{taxlink|Pteridium aquilinum|species}}", ["蕩"] = "a pond; pool; wash; squander; sweep away; move; shake; dissolute", ["蕪"] = "overgrown with weeds", ["蕭"] = "mournful", ["蕸"] = "water-lily leaves", ["蕺"] = "''[[Houttuynia cordata]]''", ["蕻"] = "budding; flourishing", ["蕾"] = "bud", ["薀"] = "hippuris or mare's tail", ["薁"] = "{{taxlink|Prunus japonica|species}}", ["薃"] = "{{taxlink|Cyperus amuricus|species}}", ["薄"] = "thin; slight; meagre; small; ungenerous; unkind; mean; frivolous; despise; belittle; to approach; to go near; peppermint", ["薅"] = "pull out (weed)", ["薆"] = "to cover; to hide; to conceal", ["薈"] = "flourish", ["薉"] = "weedy", ["薊"] = "''[[Cirsium]]''; thistle", ["薌"] = "(Fujian drama)", ["薏"] = "germ of the lotus seed", ["薑"] = "ginger", ["薔"] = "wild rose", ["薖"] = "big; hungry-looking", ["薘"] = "''[[Plantago major]]''", ["薙"] = "shave; to weed", ["薛"] = "''surname''; wormwood", ["薜"] = "{{taxlink|Ficus pumila|species}}", ["薢"] = "woody climbing plant", ["薤"] = "{{taxlink|Allium bakeri|species}}; shallot; scallion", ["薦"] = "to recommend; to offer sacrifice; straw (mat); repeatedly", ["薧"] = "dried food", ["薨"] = "death of a prince; swarming", ["薩"] = "''surname''; Bodhisattva", ["薪"] = "fuel; salary", ["薯"] = "potato; yam", ["薰"] = "''[[Dipteryx odorata]]''", ["薳"] = "(grass); ''surname''", ["薶"] = "to bury; to stop up; dirty, filthy", ["薷"] = "{{taxlink|Elshotria paltrini|species}}", ["薸"] = "[[duckweed]]", ["薹"] = "{{taxlink|Carex dispalatha|species}}", ["薺"] = "''[[Capsella bursa-pastoris]]''", ["薽"] = "(grass); (orchid)", ["薾"] = "luxuriant growth of flower", ["薿"] = "luxuriant (of plants)", ["藄"] = "(fern)", ["藇"] = "''surname''; beautiful", ["藉"] = "by means of; in disorder", ["藋"] = "[[Chinese elder]]", ["藍"] = "blue; [[w:true indigo|indigo plant]]; ''surname''", ["藎"] = "''[[Arthraxon hispidus]]''; loyal", ["藏"] = "storehouse; depository; Buddhist or Taoist scripture; Zang; Tibet; to hide away; to conceal; to harbor; store; accumulate", ["藐"] = "despise; small", ["藕"] = "root of lotus", ["藘"] = "madder", ["藙"] = "{{taxlink|Zanthoxylum ailanthoides|species}}", ["藚"] = "{{taxlink|Alisma plantago|species}}", ["藜"] = "''[[Chenopodium album]]''", ["藝"] = "skill; art", ["藟"] = "bud; creeper; bramble", ["藤"] = "rattan; cane", ["藥"] = "medicine; drug; cure", ["藦"] = "{{taxlink|Metaplexis stauntoni|species}}", ["藨"] = "kind of raspberry", ["藪"] = "marsh; place of concourse", ["藶"] = "{{taxlink|Draba nemerosa vsr. hebecarpa|variety}}", ["藷"] = "potato; yam", ["藹"] = "friendly", ["藺"] = "''[[Juncus effusus]]''", ["藻"] = "(aquatic grasses); elegant", ["藾"] = "(fragrant labiate plant)", ["藿"] = "{{taxlink|Lophanthus rugosus|species}}; beans", ["蘀"] = "fallen leaves and bark", ["蘄"] = "(herb); implore; pray; place name", ["蘅"] = "{{taxlink|Asarum blumei|species}}", ["蘆"] = "rush; reed; ''[[Phragmites communis]]''", ["蘇"] = "(plant); place name; revive; Soviet", ["蘊"] = "bring together; collect", ["蘋"] = "apple; {{taxfmt|Marsileaceae|family}}; {{vern|clover fern}}", ["蘑"] = "mushroom", ["蘗"] = "shoots from an old stump", ["蘘"] = "a kind of wild ginger", ["蘚"] = "mosses on damp walls", ["蘢"] = "{{taxlink|Polygonum posumbu|species}}", ["蘤"] = "flower, blossoms", ["蘧"] = "''surname''; {{taxlink|Dianthus superbus|species}}", ["蘩"] = "{{taxlink|Artemisia stellariana|species}}", ["蘭"] = "orchid", ["蘵"] = "{{taxlink|Physalis angulata|species}}", ["蘸"] = "to dip in (ink, sauce, etc.)", ["蘺"] = "{{taxlink|Gracilaria confervoides|species}}", ["蘼"] = "millet", ["蘿"] = "radish", ["虀"] = "fragment; salted vegetables; spices", ["虆"] = "creeper; bramble; dirt-basket", ["虍"] = "stripes of tiger", ["虎"] = "tiger", ["虐"] = "oppressive; tyrannical", ["虒"] = "amphibious animal with one horn", ["虓"] = "roar of a tiger", ["虔"] = "devout", ["處"] = "a place; location; spot; point; office; department; bureau; respect; to reside; to live; to dwell; to be in; to stay; get along with; to be in a position of; deal with", ["虖"] = "exhale; scream of tiger; to call", ["虛"] = "devoid of content; void; false; empty; vain", ["虜"] = "take captive", ["虞"] = "forewarned; peace; worry", ["號"] = "number; call; name; roar; cry", ["虡"] = "bell pendant stand", ["虢"] = "name of an ancient state", ["虣"] = "cruel; violent", ["虥"] = "striped wild cat", ["虧"] = "deficiency; deficit", ["虩"] = "terrified", ["虫"] = "insect; worm", ["虯"] = "young dragon with horns", ["虱"] = "louse", ["虷"] = "worm", ["虹"] = "rainbow", ["虺"] = "poisonous snakes; sick; with no ambition", ["虻"] = "{{taxlink|Tabanus trigonus|species}}; house fly", ["蚊"] = "mosquito", ["蚋"] = "(mosquito); {{taxlink|Simulia lugubris|species}}; blackfly", ["蚌"] = "oysters; mussels", ["蚓"] = "earthworm", ["蚔"] = "green-frog", ["蚘"] = "tapeworm", ["蚜"] = "aphis", ["蚝"] = "hairy and poisonous caterpillars", ["蚡"] = "(mole)", ["蚤"] = "flea", ["蚧"] = "horned toad", ["蚨"] = "(water-beetle); money", ["蚩"] = "''surname''; ignorant; worm", ["蚳"] = "ant eggs", ["蚴"] = "larva", ["蚵"] = "oyster", ["蚶"] = "small clam; {{taxlink|Arca inflata|species}}", ["蚹"] = "{{taxlink|Eulota peliomphala|species}}", ["蚺"] = "a boa constrictor", ["蚻"] = "{{taxlink|Aphrophora maritima|species}}", ["蚿"] = "millipede", ["蛀"] = "termite; to bore (of insects)", ["蛁"] = "{{taxlink|Pomponia maculatiocollis|species}}", ["蛄"] = "mole-cricket", ["蛅"] = "a caterpillar", ["蛆"] = "maggot", ["蛇"] = "snake; serpent", ["蛋"] = "egg; oval shaped", ["蛌"] = "cricket", ["蛑"] = "insect which eats roots of seedlings", ["蛓"] = "(larva)", ["蛔"] = "roundworm; ''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]''", ["蛘"] = "a weevil found in rice, etc.", ["蛙"] = "frog", ["蛚"] = "{{taxlink|Cyrtoxiphus ritsemae|species}}", ["蛛"] = "spider", ["蛜"] = "wood-louse", ["蛟"] = "scaly dragon", ["蛣"] = "beetle", ["蛤"] = "clam", ["蛩"] = "anxious; grasshopper; a cricket", ["蛭"] = "fluke; leech; hirudinea", ["蛵"] = "dragonfly", ["蛸"] = "octopus", ["蛹"] = "chrysalis; pupa", ["蛻"] = "exuviae of insects or reptiles", ["蛾"] = "moth", ["蜀"] = "Sichuan", ["蜂"] = "bee; wasp", ["蜃"] = "(mythical animal); clam; sea-serpent", ["蜅"] = "crab", ["蜆"] = "{{taxlink|Cyclina orientalis|species}}", ["蜇"] = "jellyfish; to sting", ["蜈"] = "centipede", ["蜊"] = "clam", ["蜍"] = "toad", ["蜎"] = "''surname''; larva of mosquito", ["蜑"] = "name of an ethnic group", ["蜓"] = "dragonfly", ["蜚"] = "gad-fly", ["蜛"] = "{{taxlink|Hydrophilus cognatus|species}}", ["蜜"] = "honey", ["蜞"] = "grapsus", ["蜡"] = "candle; wax", ["蜣"] = "dung beetle", ["蜥"] = "chameleon; {{taxlink|Eumeces latiscutatus|species}}", ["蜨"] = "butterfly", ["蜩"] = "cicada", ["蜮"] = "mythical creature; toad; worm", ["蜱"] = "(insect); egg of mantis", ["蜷"] = "{{taxlink|Melania libertina|species}}; wriggle (as a worm)", ["蜺"] = "Japanese cicada; rainbow", ["蜻"] = "dragonfly", ["蜿"] = "to move (as snake)", ["蝀"] = "rainbow", ["蝍"] = "a centipede", ["蝎"] = "scorpion", ["蝏"] = "(insect); {{taxlink|Leptogaster basiralis|species}}", ["蝕"] = "eat up slowly; eclipse", ["蝗"] = "locust", ["蝘"] = "{{taxlink|Hemidactylus bowringii|species}}", ["蝝"] = "young locust without wings", ["蝟"] = "hedgehog", ["蝠"] = "bat", ["蝡"] = "wriggle", ["蝣"] = "{{taxlink|Ephemera strigata|species}}", ["蝥"] = "Spanish fly; grain-eating grub", ["蝦"] = "shrimp; prawn", ["蝨"] = "louse", ["蝮"] = "venomous snake", ["蝯"] = "ape", ["蝶"] = "butterfly", ["蝻"] = "immature locusts", ["螄"] = "snail", ["螉"] = "{{taxlink|Ammophila infesta|species}}", ["融"] = "harmonious; melt; mild", ["螒"] = "{{taxlink|Aulacophora femoralis|species}}", ["螓"] = "small cicada with a square head", ["螗"] = "(cicada)", ["螘"] = "ant", ["螚"] = "{{taxlink|Eristalis tenax|species}}", ["螞"] = "(insect prefix)", ["螟"] = "{{taxlink|Heliothus armigera|species}}", ["螢"] = "firefly", ["螣"] = "flying dragon", ["螫"] = "to sting", ["螬"] = "larva of {{taxlink|Mimela lucidula|species}}", ["螭"] = "hornless dragon", ["螮"] = "", ["螯"] = "nippers; claw (of crab); chela; pincers; {{taxlink|Astacus fluviatilis|species}}", ["螳"] = "praying mantis", ["螺"] = "aquatic snail", ["螻"] = "mole-cricket; {{taxlink|Gryllotalpa africona|species}}", ["螽"] = "(grasshopper); {{taxlink|Gampsocleis mikado|species}}", ["螾"] = "the earthworm", ["螿"] = "{{taxlink|Cosmopsaltria opalifera|species}}", ["蟀"] = "cricket", ["蟄"] = "hibernate", ["蟆"] = "frog or toad", ["蟈"] = "frog or toad", ["蟊"] = "Spanish fly; grain-eating grub", ["蟒"] = "{{taxfmt|Python molurus|species}}", ["蟛"] = "(land-crab); ''{{ll|mul|Grapsus}}'' spp.", ["蟜"] = "(insect); ''surname''", ["蟠"] = "{{taxlink|Trichina spiralis|species}}; to coil", ["蟢"] = "(spider)", ["蟣"] = "nymph of louse", ["蟨"] = "the Siberian jerboa", ["蟪"] = "(cicada); {{taxlink|Platypleura kaempferi|species}}", ["蟬"] = "cicada", ["蟭"] = "eggs of mantis", ["蟲"] = "animal; insect", ["蟳"] = "(hairy sea-crab)", ["蟶"] = "mussel; razor clam; {{taxlink|Solecurtus constricta|species}}", ["蟷"] = "mantis", ["蟹"] = "crab", ["蟺"] = "earthworm", ["蟻"] = "ant", ["蟾"] = "toad; moon", ["蟿"] = "(insect); {{taxlink|Tryxalis masuta|species}}", ["蠁"] = "larvae", ["蠂"] = "{{taxlink|Podisma mikado|species}}", ["蠅"] = "fly; musca", ["蠆"] = "(scorpion); an insect", ["蠋"] = "caterpillar", ["蠍"] = "scorpion", ["蠓"] = "grasshopper; midge; sandfly", ["蠔"] = "oyster", ["蠕"] = "to squirm; to wiggle; to wriggle", ["蠖"] = "looper caterpillar", ["蠗"] = "(ape); (shell)", ["蠙"] = "pearl-oyster", ["蠛"] = "minute flies", ["蠜"] = "{{taxlink|Cyrtophyllus|genus}} spp.", ["蠟"] = "candle; wax", ["蠡"] = "wood-boring insect; calabash", ["蠢"] = "blunt; stupid; to wiggle (of worms); sluggish", ["蠣"] = "oyster", ["蠨"] = "long-legged spider", ["蠩"] = "a toad", ["蠮"] = "{{taxlink|Ammophila infesta|species}}", ["蠰"] = "{{taxlink|Cerambyx rugicollis|species}}", ["蠱"] = "insanity; poison", ["蠲"] = "bright; glow-worm; remit taxes", ["蠵"] = "large turtles", ["蠶"] = "silkworm", ["蠸"] = "{{taxlink|Aulacophora femoralis|species}}", ["蠹"] = "bookworm; {{taxlink|Lepisma saccharina|species}}", ["蠻"] = "barbarian; bullying; very; quite; rough; reckless", ["血"] = "blood", ["衁"] = "blood", ["衄"] = "bleed at the nose; check in battle", ["衈"] = "the blood of a sacrificial fowl which was sprinkled on doors and vessels", ["衊"] = "defiled with blood", ["行"] = "to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional", ["衍"] = "to spread out; to develop; to overflow; to amplify", ["衎"] = "pleased", ["衒"] = "to boast; to show off", ["術"] = "method; technique", ["衕"] = "lane", ["衖"] = "lane; alley", ["街"] = "street", ["衙"] = "office; yamen", ["衚"] = "lane", ["衛"] = "to guard; to protect; to defend; ''surname''", ["衝"] = "of great force; towards; dash against", ["衡"] = "to weigh; weight; measure", ["衢"] = "thoroughfare", ["衣"] = "gown; clothes; to dress; to wear", ["表"] = "surface; exterior; to watch; to show; express; an example; a list or table; a meter; a watch; chart; external", ["衩"] = "slit on either side of a garment; open seam of a garment", ["衫"] = "Chinese gown (unlined)", ["衭"] = "the lapel of a garment", ["衰"] = "weak; feeble; decline; wane; mourning garments", ["衲"] = "cassock; to line", ["衵"] = "women's undergarments", ["衷"] = "inner feelings", ["衽"] = "overlapping part of Chinese gown", ["衾"] = "coverlet; quilt", ["衿"] = "overlapping part of Chinese gown", ["袁"] = "''surname''", ["袂"] = "sleeve", ["袋"] = "a pouch; bag; sack; pocket", ["袍"] = "gown (lined)", ["袒"] = "to bare", ["袖"] = "sleeve", ["袗"] = "unlined garment", ["袚"] = "knee-pads; buskins", ["袞"] = "imperial robe", ["袟"] = "''surname''; book cover", ["袢"] = "robe", ["袤"] = "length; distance from north to south", ["袪"] = "sleeve opening", ["被"] = "by (marker for passive-voice sentences or clauses); quilt; blanket; to cover; to wear", ["袱"] = "bundle wrapped in cloth", ["袲"] = "place name", ["袷"] = "lined", ["袺"] = "lift up a dress", ["袽"] = "old rags", ["裀"] = "mat; underclothing", ["裁"] = "cut out (as a dress); cut; trim; reduce; diminish; decision; judgement", ["裂"] = "crack; split", ["裉"] = "s seam in a garment", ["裊"] = "delicate; graceful", ["裋"] = "coarse clothing of camel's hair", ["裌"] = "lined", ["裍"] = "a border or band on the edge of a dress", ["裎"] = "take off clothes", ["裏"] = "inside; internal; interior", ["裒"] = "collect", ["裔"] = "descendants; frontier", ["裕"] = "abundant", ["裘"] = "fur; fur coat", ["裙"] = "skirt", ["裛"] = "to wrap and bind; damp; dripping; wet; a book bag", ["補"] = "to repair; to patch; to mend; to make up for; to fill (a vacancy); to supplement", ["裝"] = "to dress up; costume; to pretend to be; to pack; to load; to install", ["裡"] = "inside; within; in; lining of clothing", ["裨"] = "to benefit; to aid; assistant; small; advantageous; profitable", ["裯"] = "bed curtain; coverlet", ["裱"] = "hang (paper); mount (painting)", ["裲"] = "waistcoat", ["裳"] = "lower garment; skirts; petticoats; garments", ["裴"] = "''surname''", ["裸"] = "naked", ["裹"] = "wrap around", ["製"] = "manufacture", ["裾"] = "garment", ["褂"] = "coat", ["複"] = "repeat, double, overlap", ["褉"] = "short garments", ["褊"] = "narrow; urgent", ["褌"] = "sacrificial robe of the empress", ["褎"] = "sleeve; ample flowing robes", ["褐"] = "brown", ["褒"] = "to praise", ["褓"] = "cloth for carrying baby on back", ["褔"] = "complex; double", ["褕"] = "loose garment", ["褘"] = "ceremonial gowns of a queen", ["褙"] = "paper or cloth pasted together", ["褚"] = "''surname''", ["褟"] = "inner shirt or singlet", ["褡"] = "cummerbund", ["褢"] = "to carry in the bosom or the sleeve; to wrap, to conceal", ["褥"] = "mattress", ["褦"] = "ignorant; sun hat", ["褧"] = "monotone garment with no lining", ["褪"] = "fade; take off (clothes)", ["褫"] = "strip; deprive of; to discharge; dismiss; undress", ["褯"] = "child's garment", ["褰"] = "lift up the skirts; lower garments", ["褱"] = "to carry in the bosom or the sleeve; to wrap, to conceal", ["褲"] = "drawers; trousers; pants", ["褵"] = "bride's veil or kerchief", ["褶"] = "pleat; crease; (archaic) court dress", ["褸"] = "soiled; tattered", ["褻"] = "licentious", ["褽"] = "collar", ["襁"] = "cloth for carrying baby on back", ["襄"] = "assist", ["襆"] = "hemless skirt; hood; turban", ["襋"] = "coat collar", ["襌"] = "garment without a lining", ["襏"] = "raincoat", ["襖"] = "coat; jacket; short and lined coat or robe", ["襚"] = "grave-clothes", ["襛"] = "bright light; warm dress", ["襜"] = "the front of clothes", ["襞"] = "creases; folds or pleats in a garment", ["襟"] = "overlapping part of Chinese gown", ["襠"] = "crotch; seat of a pair of trousers", ["襡"] = "short skirt or tunic", ["襢"] = "to bare", ["襤"] = "ragged garments", ["襦"] = "jacket; short coat", ["襪"] = "socks; stockings", ["襫"] = "raincoat", ["襬"] = "hem at the bottom of garment", ["襭"] = "carry with the front of a robe", ["襮"] = "embroidered collar; expose", ["襯"] = "give alms; underwear; to line; lining; contrast; assist", ["襲"] = "inherit; raid; suit of clothes", ["襴"] = "gown or robe", ["襶"] = "untidy (in dress)", ["襻"] = "a loop; a belt or band", ["襼"] = "sleeve of dress", ["襾"] = "cover; radical no. 146", ["西"] = "west", ["要"] = "important; vital; to want; to be going to; must; demand; ask; request; coerce", ["覂"] = "to throw a rider", ["覃"] = "''surname''; deep", ["覆"] = "to cover; to overflow; to reply to a letter; to overturn; to capsize", ["覈"] = "examine thoroughly", ["見"] = "to see; to meet; to appear; to interview", ["規"] = "compass; rule", ["覓"] = "seek", ["視"] = "to look at; to regard; to inspect", ["覗"] = "peek", ["覘"] = "keep at; to spy", ["覜"] = "have an audience", ["覡"] = "wizard", ["覦"] = "passionately desire", ["親"] = "dear; intimate; parent; relation; closely related; parents-in-law of one's offspring", ["覬"] = "covet; long for", ["覯"] = "complete; meet unexpectedly; see", ["覷"] = "to spy; watch for", ["覺"] = "feel; find that; thinking; awake; aware; a nap; a sleep", ["覽"] = "look over; to view", ["覿"] = "face to face", ["觀"] = "to look at; to watch; to observe; to behold; Taoist monastery", ["角"] = "horn; angle; role; actor; contend; horn-shaped; Chinese musical note", ["觔"] = "catty", ["觕"] = "coarse, rough, rude", ["觖"] = "dissatisfied", ["觚"] = "goblet; rule; law", ["觜"] = "mouth; (zodiacal sign)", ["觝"] = "to butt; resist", ["觡"] = "horns; antlers", ["解"] = "to loosen; to untie; to explain; to remove; to divide; to dissolve; to solve; solution; send under escort", ["觥"] = "big; cup made of horn; horn wine container", ["觩"] = "bent upwards; taut", ["觫"] = "tremble with fear", ["觭"] = "odd; one horn up and one horn down", ["觱"] = "fever; tartar horn", ["觳"] = "(measure); frightened", ["觴"] = "feast; goblet", ["觶"] = "goblet", ["觷"] = "to polish horn", ["觸"] = "knock against; touch; to feel", ["觼"] = "buckle; clasp; ring", ["觿"] = "ivory bodkin for undoing knots", ["言"] = "to speak; to say; talk; word", ["訂"] = "to agree; to conclude; to draw up; to subscribe to (a newspaper, etc.); to order", ["訃"] = "obituary notice", ["訇"] = "''surname''; sound of a crash", ["計"] = "to calculate; to compute; to count; reckon; ruse; to plan", ["訊"] = "to question; to ask; to interrogate; rapid; speedy; fast; news; information", ["討"] = "ask for; send punitive expedition; to demand; to marry", ["訏"] = "to boast; great; large", ["訐"] = "accuse; pry", ["訑"] = "arrogant; mean", ["訒"] = "slow in speech", ["訓"] = "example; pattern; to teach; to train; instruction", ["訕"] = "abuse; slander", ["訖"] = "finished", ["託"] = "entrust", ["記"] = "to remember; to note; mark; sign; to record", ["訛"] = "error; exhort; false", ["訝"] = "astounded", ["訟"] = "litigation", ["訢"] = "happy", ["訣"] = "farewell; secrets (of an art)", ["訥"] = "large; speak cautiously", ["訧"] = "fault; mistake", ["訪"] = "inquire; seek; visit", ["訬"] = "clamour, uproar, annoyance", ["設"] = "to set up; to arrange; to establish; to found; to display", ["許"] = "to allow; to permit; to praise; ''surname''", ["訴"] = "complain; sue; tell", ["訶"] = "to blame; ridicule in loud voice", ["訹"] = "to beguile with false stories", ["診"] = "examine or treat medically", ["註"] = "annotate", ["証"] = "prove, confirm, verify; proof", ["訾"] = "backbite; dislike; ''surname''; wealth", ["詀"] = "garrulous; to whisper; to joke", ["詁"] = "comment; explain", ["詅"] = "to sell", ["詆"] = "defame; to slander", ["詈"] = "curse; scold", ["詊"] = "pleasing; clever talk", ["詎"] = "how (interj. of surprise)", ["詐"] = "crafty; dishonest", ["詑"] = "cheat", ["詒"] = "a present in writing; bequeath", ["詔"] = "imperial order", ["評"] = "to discuss; to comment; to criticize; to judge; to choose (by public appraisal)", ["詖"] = "a half-truth; flatter", ["詗"] = "clever; to gossip; to spy", ["詘"] = "to bend; yield", ["詛"] = "curse; swear (oath)", ["詞"] = "word; phrase; classical Chinese poem", ["詠"] = "sing", ["詡"] = "brag; harmony; make known", ["詢"] = "inquire", ["詣"] = "go", ["試"] = "to test; to try; experiment; examination; test", ["詨"] = "kind of cicada, [[cosmopsaltria]]", ["詩"] = "poem; poetry; verse", ["詫"] = "surprised; to wander; to be astonished", ["詬"] = "sense of shame; to abuse", ["詭"] = "sly; crafty", ["詮"] = "explain; comment", ["詰"] = "investigate; restrain; scold", ["話"] = "spoken words; speech; dialect; language; talk; conversation; what someone said", ["該"] = "that; the above-mentioned; most likely; to deserve; should; ought to; owe", ["詳"] = "detailed; comprehensive", ["詵"] = "inform; inquire", ["詹"] = "excellent; verbose", ["詻"] = "harsh; forbidding", ["詼"] = "whimsical; humorous", ["詿"] = "deceive; disturb", ["誂"] = "tempt", ["誃"] = "to separate", ["誄"] = "eulogize the dead; eulogy", ["誅"] = "execute; punish", ["誆"] = "mislead; to swindle", ["誇"] = "to boast", ["誌"] = "sign; mark; to record; write a footnote", ["認"] = "to recognize; to know; to admit", ["誑"] = "deceive; lies", ["誓"] = "oath; vow; to swear; to pledge", ["誕"] = "birth; birthday; brag; boast; to increase", ["誘"] = "entice; tempt", ["誚"] = "ridicule; to blame", ["語"] = "speech; language; dialect; tell to", ["誠"] = "honest; sincere; true", ["誡"] = "commandment; prohibit", ["誣"] = "accuse falsely", ["誤"] = "mistake; error; to miss; to harm; to delay; to neglect", ["誥"] = "enjoin; grant (a title)", ["誦"] = "read aloud", ["誧"] = "huge; to admonish", ["誨"] = "admonish; instruct", ["說"] = "to speak; to say; persuade (politically)", ["誰"] = "who", ["課"] = "subject; class; lesson", ["誶"] = "abuse", ["誹"] = "slander", ["誼"] = "friendship", ["誾"] = "''surname''; respectful; speak gently", ["調"] = "harmonize; reconcile; blend; suit well; provoke; incite; mode (music); to move (troops); tune; tone; melody; to transfer", ["諂"] = "flatter; cajole", ["諄"] = "repeatedly (in giving advice)", ["諆"] = "deceive; contrive", ["談"] = "to speak; to talk; to converse; to chat; to discuss; ''surname''", ["諉"] = "shirk; give excuses", ["請"] = "to ask; to invite; please (do something); to treat (to a meal, etc.); to request", ["諍"] = "to admonish", ["諏"] = "choose; consult", ["諑"] = "complain", ["諒"] = "forgive", ["諕"] = "to intimidate", ["論"] = "to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius)", ["諗"] = "consult", ["諛"] = "flatter", ["諜"] = "to spy", ["諝"] = "deceit; knowledge", ["諞"] = "brag", ["諟"] = "examine; judge", ["諠"] = "clamour; noise; deceitful", ["諡"] = "confer such title; posthumous title", ["諢"] = "jest; nickname", ["諤"] = "honest speech", ["諦"] = "examine; truth (Buddhist)", ["諧"] = "harmonious", ["諫"] = "to admonish", ["諭"] = "order (from above)", ["諮"] = "consult", ["諱"] = "avoid mentioning; to taboo", ["諳"] = "be versed in; know well", ["諴"] = "bring into accord; sincerity", ["諵"] = "mumble in repetition", ["諶"] = "faithful; sincere", ["諷"] = "satirize", ["諸"] = "all; many; various", ["諺"] = "proverb", ["諼"] = "{{taxlink|Hemerocallis flava|species}}; false; forget", ["諾"] = "to promise; to yes", ["謀"] = "to plan; seek; scheme", ["謁"] = "to visit (a superior)", ["謂"] = "speak of", ["謄"] = "make a (clean) copy", ["謅"] = "make up (a story)", ["謆"] = "beguile; cajole", ["謇"] = "speak out boldly", ["謊"] = "lies; to lie", ["謍"] = "humming sound", ["謎"] = "riddle", ["謏"] = "small; induce", ["謐"] = "quiet", ["謑"] = "shame, disgrace", ["謖"] = "composed; rise; to begin", ["謗"] = "to slander; defame; speak ill of", ["謙"] = "modest", ["謚"] = "confer such title; posthumous title", ["講"] = "to talk; speech; to speak; to tell; to explain", ["謝"] = "to decline; to thank; gratitude", ["謠"] = "popular ballad; false rumour", ["謨"] = "plan; to practise", ["謪"] = "to consult; to deliberate; commerce", ["謫"] = "disgrace (an official); find fault", ["謬"] = "absurd; erroneous", ["謳"] = "sing ballads; songs", ["謷"] = "greatness; slander; sound of weeping", ["謹"] = "cautious", ["謼"] = "to shout; to mourn; to invoke", ["謾"] = "disrespect; neglect; slight; deceive", ["譁"] = "clamour; noise", ["譅"] = "talkative; loquacious", ["譆"] = "oh (denoting fright)", ["譈"] = "dislike; hate", ["證"] = "certificate; proof; to prove; to demonstrate; to confirm", ["譊"] = "wrangling, contention, to dispute", ["譎"] = "deceitful", ["譏"] = "ridicule", ["譒"] = "promulgate; to spread", ["譔"] = "compose; compile; discourse in praise", ["譖"] = "slander", ["識"] = "to record; write a footnote; to know; knowledge", ["譙"] = "ridicule; to blame; ''surname''; drum tower", ["譚"] = "talk; ''surname''", ["譜"] = "chart; list; score (music); spectrum (maths) (phys.)", ["譟"] = "disturbance; noise of crowd", ["警"] = "to alert; to warn; police", ["譫"] = "incoherent talk; talkative", ["譬"] = "give an example", ["譭"] = "defame; to slander", ["譯"] = "to translate; to interpret", ["議"] = "criticize; discuss", ["譴"] = "punishment; scold", ["護"] = "protect", ["譸"] = "deceive; to lie", ["譹"] = "to shout, roar, terrify; swiftly", ["譽"] = "reputation", ["譾"] = "shallow; stupid", ["讀"] = "to read; to study; comma; phrase marked by pause", ["讅"] = "investigate; try (in court)", ["讆"] = "to exaggerate; incredible", ["變"] = "to change; to become different; to transform; to vary; rebellion", ["讋"] = "be frightened", ["讌"] = "feast; repose", ["讎"] = "enmity; feud", ["讒"] = "slander; defame; misrepresent; to speak maliciously", ["讓"] = "to ask; to let; permit; have (someone do something); to yield; to allow", ["讕"] = "make a false charge", ["讖"] = "prophecy; omen", ["讙"] = "acclamation", ["讚"] = "to praise", ["讜"] = "advice; counsels", ["讞"] = "decide judicially", ["讟"] = "to murmur; to slander", ["谷"] = "valley", ["谽"] = "a mouth or opening", ["谿"] = "creek", ["豁"] = "opening; stake all; sacrifice; crack; slit; clear; open; exempt (from); liberal-minded; play Chinese finger game", ["豆"] = "bean; sacrificial vessel", ["豇"] = "cowpeas; black-eyed beans", ["豈"] = "how can it be that", ["豉"] = "salted fermented beans", ["豊"] = "abundant, lush, bountiful, plenty", ["豋"] = "ceremonial vessel", ["豌"] = "peas", ["豎"] = "(straight down character stroke); to erect; vertical", ["豏"] = "d (29th); half-grown beans", ["豐"] = "abundant; plentiful; great; ''surname''", ["豔"] = "glamorous", ["豕"] = "hog; swine", ["豖"] = "a shackled pig", ["豗"] = "clash; grunting of pigs", ["豚"] = "suckling pig", ["豜"] = "pig of 3 years", ["豝"] = "corned beef; female pig", ["象"] = "shape; form; appearance; elephant; image under a map (maths)", ["豢"] = "feed pigs and dogs; to rear", ["豦"] = "a wild boar; to fight", ["豨"] = "swine", ["豪"] = "grand; heroic; luxurious", ["豫"] = "beforehand; prepare; Henan Province (abbrev.)", ["豬"] = "hog; pig; swine", ["豭"] = "boar; male pig", ["豳"] = "name of an ancient city", ["豵"] = "litter of pigs; little pig", ["豶"] = "gelded pig", ["豷"] = "breathing of pigs", ["豸"] = "beast with long backbone; legless insect", ["豹"] = "leopard; panther", ["豺"] = "dhole", ["豻"] = "(canine); jail", ["貂"] = "sable; marten", ["貅"] = "(leopard)", ["貆"] = "badger", ["貉"] = "badger-like animal; name of a wild tribe; silent", ["貊"] = "name of a wild tribe; silent", ["貌"] = "appearance", ["貍"] = "wild cat", ["貓"] = "cat", ["貔"] = "(leopard)", ["貘"] = "tapir", ["貜"] = "(ape)", ["貝"] = "cowries; shell; valuables; shellfish", ["貞"] = "chaste", ["負"] = "lose; negative (maths, etc.); to bear; to carry (on one's back)", ["財"] = "money; wealth; riches; property; valuables", ["貢"] = "tribute; gifts", ["貤"] = "promote; reward", ["貧"] = "poor", ["貨"] = "goods; money; commodity", ["販"] = "deal in; trade in; to peddle; to sell", ["貪"] = "greedy", ["貫"] = "pierce; to string", ["責"] = "duty; responsibility; to reproach; to blame", ["貯"] = "to store; to save; stockpile", ["貰"] = "borrow; buy on credit; rent out", ["貲"] = "fine instead of punishment; property", ["貳"] = "two (fraud-proof)", ["貴"] = "expensive; noble; your (name); precious", ["貶"] = "to diminish; to demote; reduce or devaluate; disparage; censure; depreciate", ["買"] = "buy", ["貸"] = "lend on interest; borrow; loan; make excuses; pardon; forgive", ["貺"] = "bestow; confer", ["費"] = "to cost; to spend; fee; wasteful; expenses; ''surname''", ["貼"] = "to stick; to paste; to keep close to; to fit snugly; subsidize; allowance", ["貽"] = "bequeath", ["貿"] = "commerce; trade", ["賀"] = "congratulate", ["賁"] = "bright; energetic", ["賂"] = "bribe; bribery", ["賃"] = "to rent", ["賄"] = "bribe; bribery", ["賅"] = "''surname''; include in; prepare", ["資"] = "resources; capital; to provide; to supply; to support; money; expense", ["賈"] = "merchant; to buy", ["賊"] = "thief", ["賏"] = "pearls or shells strung together", ["賑"] = "to relieve (the distressed)", ["賒"] = "buy on credit", ["賓"] = "visitor; guest", ["賕"] = "to bribe", ["賙"] = "bestow alms", ["賚"] = "bestow; confer", ["賜"] = "confer; bestow; grant", ["賝"] = "(gem)", ["賞"] = "enjoy the beauty of; give; award", ["賠"] = "lose in trade; pay damage", ["賡"] = "continue (as a song)", ["賢"] = "worthy (person)", ["賣"] = "sell", ["賤"] = "inexpensive; lowly", ["賦"] = "poetic essay; taxation; bestow on; endow with", ["賧"] = "fine", ["賨"] = "tribute paid by Han dynasty tribes", ["質"] = "hostage; substance; nature; quality", ["賬"] = "account", ["賭"] = "bet; gamble", ["賮"] = "farewell presents", ["賴"] = "disclaim; rely; to blame", ["賵"] = "gift to the dead", ["賸"] = "have as remainder", ["賺"] = "cheat; swindle; earn; make a profit", ["賻"] = "contribute to funeral expenses", ["購"] = "to buy; to purchase", ["賽"] = "to compete; competition; match", ["賾"] = "mysterious", ["贄"] = "gifts to superiors", ["贅"] = "superfluous", ["贇"] = "good appearance", ["贈"] = "give present", ["贉"] = "pay an advance; silk book cover", ["贊"] = "to patronize; to support; to praise", ["贍"] = "to support; provide for", ["贏"] = "to beat; to win; to profit", ["贐"] = "farewell presents", ["贓"] = "booty; spoils", ["贔"] = "able to support great weight", ["贖"] = "redeem; to ransom", ["贗"] = "false", ["贛"] = "Jiangxi", ["赤"] = "red; scarlet; bare; naked", ["赦"] = "to pardon (a convict)", ["赧"] = "blush", ["赫"] = "distinguished; awe-inspiring", ["赬"] = "deep red", ["赭"] = "ochre", ["走"] = "to walk; to go; to move; to leave", ["赴"] = "go towards; go to; attend (a banquet, etc.); to go", ["起"] = "to rise; to raise; to get up", ["趁"] = "avail oneself of; take advantage of", ["趄"] = "recline; hesitate; mark time", ["超"] = "to exceed; overtake; surpass; transcend; ultra-; super-; to pass; to cross", ["越"] = "to exceed; to climb over; to surpass; the more ... the more", ["趑"] = "can't move; to falter", ["趒"] = "to jump, to climb over, to leap, to posture; a gangway", ["趔"] = "stumble", ["趕"] = "to catch up; to overtake; to hurry; to rush; to drive away", ["趙"] = "''surname''", ["趟"] = "a time; a trip", ["趡"] = "place name", ["趣"] = "interesting; to interest", ["趨"] = "to hasten; to hurry; walk fast", ["趫"] = "nimble; walk on stilts", ["趮"] = "easily provoked, hasty; fierce, cruel", ["趯"] = "to jump; way of stroke in calligraphy", ["趲"] = "hasten; urge", ["足"] = "foot; to be sufficient", ["趴"] = "to lie on one's stomach", ["趵"] = "jump; leap", ["趷"] = "to jolt", ["趹"] = "to gallop", ["趺"] = "instep; tarsus", ["趼"] = "callous", ["趾"] = "toe; foot", ["跁"] = "to squat; crouch", ["跂"] = "foot with six toes", ["跅"] = "careless", ["跆"] = "trample", ["跋"] = "travel; walk", ["跌"] = "to drop; to fall; to tumble", ["跏"] = "sit cross-legged", ["跐"] = "to trample, to step, to walk on the ball of the foot", ["跑"] = "to run; to escape", ["跕"] = "shuffle", ["跖"] = "sole of foot", ["跗"] = "instep; tarsus", ["跙"] = "weak, lame", ["跚"] = "limp", ["跛"] = "lame; crippled", ["距"] = "at a distance of; distance; to be apart", ["跟"] = "to follow; to go with; heel; with; and", ["跡"] = "footprint; mark; trace; vestige; sign; indication", ["跣"] = "barefooted", ["跤"] = "bones of leg; wrestle", ["跦"] = "pace back and forth; to walk", ["跧"] = "to curl up; crouch", ["跨"] = "step across; step astride", ["跩"] = "waddle; swagger", ["跪"] = "kneel", ["跫"] = "sound of trampling", ["跬"] = "brief; short step", ["跮"] = "hasty walking", ["路"] = "road; path; way", ["跱"] = "to squat; to stop", ["跲"] = "stumble", ["跳"] = "jump; hop; skip (a grade); to leap; to bounce; to beat", ["跴"] = "capture; step on", ["跺"] = "(v) stamp one's foot", ["跼"] = "cramped; narrow", ["跽"] = "kneel", ["踅"] = "to walk around; turn back midway; walk with one leg", ["踆"] = "squat", ["踉"] = "stagger; sway from side to side; jump", ["踊"] = "leap", ["踏"] = "step on", ["踐"] = "fulfil (a promise); tread; walk", ["踒"] = "to slip and sprain a limb", ["踔"] = "to get ahead; to stride; to excel", ["踖"] = "to step; walk reverently", ["踘"] = "leather ball", ["踜"] = "to stumble; to slip; to fall", ["踝"] = "ankle (bone)", ["踞"] = "be based upon; squat", ["踟"] = "hesitating; undecided; hesitant", ["踡"] = "to curl up", ["踢"] = "kick; play (football or soccer)", ["踣"] = "corpse; prostrate", ["踤"] = "butt against", ["踦"] = "shin", ["踧"] = "carefully; level; smooth", ["踩"] = "step upon; tread on; stamp", ["踫"] = "collide, bump into", ["踮"] = "tip toe", ["踰"] = "exceed; jump over", ["踱"] = "stroll, pace, walk slowly", ["踴"] = "leap", ["踵"] = "arrive; follow; heel", ["踶"] = "kick; tread on", ["踹"] = "kick; trample", ["踼"] = "to fall flat; to fall on the face", ["踽"] = "hunchbacked; walk alone", ["蹀"] = "tread on", ["蹁"] = "to limp", ["蹂"] = "trample", ["蹄"] = "hoof; pork shoulder", ["蹇"] = "difficulty; lame", ["蹈"] = "tread on; trample; stamp; fulfil", ["蹉"] = "error; slip; miss; err", ["蹊"] = "footpath", ["蹋"] = "step on", ["蹌"] = "stagger; sway from side to side; walk rapidly", ["蹐"] = "walk with short steps", ["蹓"] = "to stroll; walk a horse", ["蹔"] = "temporary; fleeting; ephemeral", ["蹕"] = "to clear streets when emperor tours", ["蹙"] = "urgent; wrinkled; contracted; to kick", ["蹚"] = "wade", ["蹜"] = "walk carefully", ["蹝"] = "slippers", ["蹟"] = "footprint; trace", ["蹠"] = "metatarsus; sole of foot; tread on", ["蹡"] = "(manner of walking)", ["蹢"] = "hoof", ["蹣"] = "limp", ["蹤"] = "footprint; trace; tracks", ["蹦"] = "to jump; bounce or hop", ["蹧"] = "to waste; spoil", ["蹩"] = "limp", ["蹬"] = "step into (as tight shoe)", ["蹭"] = "rub against; walk slowly; rub", ["蹯"] = "paws of animal", ["蹲"] = "crouch; squat", ["蹴"] = "carefully; kick; tread on; stamp", ["蹶"] = "stumble; trample; to kick (as a horse)", ["蹺"] = "raise one's foot", ["蹻"] = "raise one's foot", ["蹼"] = "web (of feet of ducks, frogs, etc.)", ["躁"] = "hot-tempered; impatient", ["躄"] = "both feet crippled; lame", ["躅"] = "to step on; footprint", ["躇"] = "hesitate", ["躉"] = "wholesale", ["躋"] = "go up", ["躍"] = "to jump; to leap", ["躐"] = "step across", ["躑"] = "to kick; to jump; foot filth", ["躒"] = "move; walk", ["躓"] = "stumble", ["躔"] = "course of stars; follow precedent", ["躕"] = "irresolute; undecided", ["躗"] = "exaggerate", ["躘"] = "to walk", ["躚"] = "manner of dancing; walk around", ["躝"] = "to pass; to step over; to creep; to twine round", ["躞"] = "to walk", ["躠"] = "to limp", ["躡"] = "chase; step; tread", ["躥"] = "jump up", ["躦"] = "to jump", ["躩"] = "bend; leap", ["躪"] = "trample down, oppress, overrun", ["身"] = "body; torso; person; life; status; pregnancy; (a measure word used for clothes) suit", ["躬"] = "body; oneself; personally; to bow", ["躲"] = "avoid; get out of way; to hide; to go into hiding", ["躺"] = "to recline; to lie down", ["軀"] = "human body", ["車"] = "vehicle on land; car; machine; to shape with a lathe", ["軋"] = "crush; in the first place", ["軌"] = "course; path; track; rail", ["軍"] = "army; military; arms", ["軏"] = "crossbar for yoking horses", ["軒"] = "covered carriage; pavilion", ["軔"] = "brake", ["軘"] = "war chariot", ["軛"] = "restrain; yoke", ["軜"] = "inner reins of a 4-horse team", ["軝"] = "end of axle", ["軟"] = "soft; flexible", ["軥"] = "ends of yoke", ["軨"] = "lattice work on front and sides", ["軫"] = "d (11th); strongly (as of emotion)", ["軱"] = "wheel", ["軷"] = "sacrifice", ["軸"] = "axis; axle", ["軹"] = "end of axle outside of hub", ["軺"] = "light carriage", ["軻"] = "given name of Mencius", ["軼"] = "disperse; put in order; surpass", ["軾"] = "crossbar in carriage front", ["軿"] = "curtained carriage used by women", ["輀"] = "hearse", ["較"] = "clear; distinct; compare; comparatively", ["輅"] = "chariot", ["輇"] = "small; wheel without spokes", ["輈"] = "beam; pole; shaft", ["載"] = "to carry; to convey; to load; to hold; and; also; as well as; simultaneously; year", ["輊"] = "back and lower of chariot; short; low", ["輒"] = "sides of chariot where weapons", ["輓"] = "draw; pull; send funeral ode", ["輔"] = "to assist; to complement; auxiliary", ["輕"] = "light; easy; gentle; soft; reckless; unimportant; frivolous; small in number; unstressed; neutral", ["輗"] = "clamps for crossbar of carriage", ["輛"] = "(a measure word for vehicles)", ["輜"] = "carriage that has curtain; carriage for military supply", ["輝"] = "bright; glorious", ["輞"] = "tire; wheel band", ["輟"] = "stop; cease; suspend", ["輠"] = "grease-pot under a cart", ["輤"] = "a pall to cover the hearse", ["輥"] = "revolve; stone roller", ["輦"] = "emperor's carriage", ["輩"] = "contemporaries; generation; lifetime", ["輪"] = "wheel; gear; (by) turn; rotate", ["輬"] = "a hearse; a carriage", ["輮"] = "wheel band", ["輯"] = "gather up; collect; edit; compile", ["輳"] = "converge; hub of wheel", ["輴"] = "hearse", ["輵"] = "great array of spears and chariots", ["輶"] = "light carriage; trifling", ["輸"] = "to transport; to lose", ["輹"] = "parts of cart holding the axle", ["輻"] = "spoke of a wheel", ["輾"] = "roll over on side; turn half over", ["輿"] = "carriage; sedan chair; world", ["轀"] = "hearse", ["轂"] = "hub of wheel; wheel", ["轄"] = "have jurisdiction over", ["轅"] = "shafts of cart; yamen", ["轆"] = "windlass", ["轇"] = "complicated, confused; dispute", ["轉"] = "to revolve; to turn; to circle about; to walk about; to convey; to forward (mail); to transfer; to shift", ["轍"] = "rut; track; to remove; to withdraw", ["轎"] = "sedan chair", ["轏"] = "chariot for sleeping and conveyance", ["轑"] = "spokes", ["轒"] = "war chariot", ["轔"] = "rumbling of wheels", ["轕"] = "confused; disorderly", ["轖"] = "leather top of a cart", ["轗"] = "unable to reach one's aim", ["轘"] = "to tear between chariots (punishment)", ["轙"] = "rings on the yokes", ["轝"] = "sedan chair", ["轞"] = "vehicle for transporting prisoners", ["轟"] = "explosion; bang; boom; rumble; strike (by thunder or a bomb)", ["轡"] = "bridle; reins", ["轢"] = "to bully; wheel-rut", ["轤"] = "windlass", ["辛"] = "8th [[heavenly stem]]; tired", ["辜"] = "crime; sin", ["辟"] = "law; king; emperor; monarch; royal; ward off", ["辣"] = "hot (spicy); pungent", ["辦"] = "to do; to manage; to handle; to go about; to run; to set up; to deal with", ["辨"] = "distinguish; recognize", ["辭"] = "bid farewell; diction; resign; say goodbye; take leave; decline", ["辮"] = "a braid or queue; to plait", ["辯"] = "dispute; debate; argue; discuss", ["辰"] = "5th [[earthly branch]]; 7–9 a.m.", ["辱"] = "disgrace; insult", ["農"] = "agriculture", ["辿"] = "follow, pursue", ["迂"] = "literal-minded", ["迄"] = "as yet; until", ["迅"] = "rapid", ["迋"] = "deceive; scare; to travel", ["迍"] = "falter, hesitate", ["迎"] = "to welcome", ["近"] = "near; close (to); approximately", ["迓"] = "receive (as a guest)", ["返"] = "to return (to)", ["迕"] = "obstinate, perverse", ["迢"] = "remote", ["迣"] = "to leap over", ["迤"] = "extending to; winding", ["迥"] = "distant", ["迨"] = "catch; seize; until", ["迪"] = "direct; follow", ["迫"] = "to force; to compel; pressing; urgent", ["迭"] = "alternately; repeatedly", ["迮"] = "haste; to press", ["述"] = "to state; to tell; to narrate; to relate", ["迴"] = "to curve; to return; to revolve", ["迷"] = "bewilder; crazy about; fan; enthusiast; lost; confused", ["迸"] = "to burst forth; to spurt; to crack; split", ["迺"] = "thereupon", ["迻"] = "to shift; to transfer", ["追"] = "pursue (a problem); to chase", ["迿"] = "to be the first to begin a quarrel", ["退"] = "retreat; to decline; to move back; to withdraw", ["送"] = "to deliver; to carry; to give (as a present); to present (with); to see off; to send", ["逃"] = "to escape; to run away; to flee", ["逄"] = "''surname''", ["逆"] = "contrary; opposite; backwards; to go against; to oppose; to betray; to rebel", ["逋"] = "flee; abscond; owe", ["逌"] = "distant; joyous; satisfied", ["透"] = "to penetrate; thorough; penetrating; to pass through; to pierce", ["逐"] = "to pursue; to chase; individually; one by one", ["逑"] = "collect; to match", ["途"] = "way; route; road", ["逕"] = "way; path; direct; diameter", ["逖"] = "far", ["逗"] = "stay; stop; to pause (while reading); to tease (play with)", ["這"] = "this; these; (sometimes used before a measure word, especially in Beijing)", ["通"] = "go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open", ["逛"] = "to stroll; to visit", ["逝"] = "depart; die", ["逞"] = "please oneself; presume on; boast", ["速"] = "fast; rapid; quick", ["造"] = "to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture", ["逡"] = "shrink from", ["逢"] = "every time; meet by chance", ["連"] = "even; as; to join; to link; successively", ["逭"] = "escape from", ["逮"] = "catch; seize; until; arrest", ["逯"] = "go carefully", ["週"] = "cycle; week", ["進"] = "advance; enter; to come in", ["逴"] = "apparent; distant; highly", ["逵"] = "crossroads; thoroughfare", ["逶"] = "winding, curving; swagger", ["逸"] = "escape; leisurely; outstanding", ["逼"] = "force; compel; drive; press for; extort; press on towards; press up to; close in on; close", ["逾"] = "to exceed; to go beyond; to jump over", ["遁"] = "disappear; to escape", ["遂"] = "forthwith", ["遄"] = "hurry; go to and fro", ["遇"] = "meet with", ["遉"] = "spy, reconnoitre; detective", ["遊"] = "to roam; travel", ["運"] = "to move; to transport; to use; to apply; fortune; luck; fate", ["遍"] = "a time; everywhere; turn; all over; one time", ["過"] = "to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too-", ["遏"] = "to stop; check", ["遐"] = "abandon; distant", ["遑"] = "leisure", ["遒"] = "consolidate; end; strong", ["道"] = "direction; way; method; road; path; principle; truth; reason; skill; Tao (of Taoism); a measure word; to say; to speak; to talk", ["達"] = "attain; pass through; achieve; reach; realize; clear; inform; notify; dignity", ["違"] = "to disobey; to violate; to separate; to go against", ["遘"] = "meet unexpectedly", ["遙"] = "distant; remote; far; far away", ["遛"] = "to stroll; walk a horse; to linger", ["遜"] = "to yield", ["遝"] = "abundant; mixed", ["遞"] = "to hand over; to pass; to give", ["遠"] = "far; distant; remote", ["遣"] = "dispatch", ["遨"] = "make excursion; ramble; travel", ["適"] = "to fit; to suit", ["遫"] = "alert; nimble; quick", ["遭"] = "a time; incident; meet by chance; turn", ["遮"] = "cover up (a shortcoming); screen off; to hide; to conceal", ["遯"] = "disappear; to escape", ["遰"] = "go away; migrate", ["遲"] = "late; delayed; slow", ["遴"] = "select for appointment", ["遵"] = "to observe; to obey; to follow", ["遶"] = "go around; to wind (around)", ["遷"] = "to move; to shift", ["選"] = "to choose; to pick; to select; to elect", ["遹"] = "follow; in accordance with", ["遺"] = "to lose; to leave behind", ["遻"] = "recalcitrant; to encounter", ["遼"] = "Liaoning; name of a dynasty", ["遽"] = "hurry; fast; suddenly", ["避"] = "avoid; shun; flee; escape; leave; to keep away; to leave; to hide", ["邀"] = "invite to come", ["邁"] = "take a step", ["邃"] = "deep; distant; mysterious", ["還"] = "pay back; return; also; in addition; more; still; else; yet; (not) yet", ["邅"] = "not making progress", ["邇"] = "near", ["邈"] = "profound; remote", ["邊"] = "side; edge; margin; border; boundary", ["邏"] = "to patrol", ["邐"] = "winding", ["邑"] = "city", ["邕"] = "harmonious", ["邗"] = "name of an ancient river", ["邘"] = "''surname''; place name", ["邙"] = "name of a hill", ["邛"] = "mound; place name", ["邠"] = "name of an ancient city", ["邢"] = "''surname''; place name", ["那"] = "that; those; which", ["邦"] = "a state; country or nation", ["邧"] = "place name", ["邪"] = "daemonical; iniquitous; nefarious", ["邰"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["邱"] = "''surname''; mound", ["邲"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["邴"] = "''surname''; ancient city name; happy", ["邵"] = "''surname''; place name", ["邶"] = "name of a feudal state", ["邸"] = "''surname''; lodging-house", ["邽"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["邾"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["邿"] = "place name", ["郁"] = "''surname''; elegant", ["郃"] = "name of a person", ["郅"] = "''surname''; extremely", ["郇"] = "name of a feudal state", ["郈"] = "''surname''; place name", ["郊"] = "suburb", ["郎"] = "youth", ["郔"] = "place name", ["郕"] = "name of a feudal state", ["郗"] = "''surname''; name of an ancient city", ["郙"] = "ancient place name", ["郚"] = "place name", ["郛"] = "suburbs", ["郜"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["郝"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["郟"] = "name of a district in Henan", ["郠"] = "place name", ["郡"] = "canton; county; region", ["郢"] = "name of an ancient city", ["郤"] = "''surname''; crack; occasion for dislike", ["部"] = "ministry; department; section; part; division; troops; board; (a measure word); (a measure word for works of literature, films, machines, etc.)", ["郪"] = "name of a river; place name", ["郫"] = "place name", ["郭"] = "''surname''; outer city wall", ["郯"] = "''surname''; name of an ancient city", ["郰"] = "birthplace of Confucius in Shandong", ["郳"] = "place name", ["郴"] = "name of a district in Hunan", ["郵"] = "post (office); mail", ["郹"] = "place name", ["都"] = "metropolis; capital city; all; both (if two things are involved); entirely; even; already", ["郾"] = "place name", ["郿"] = "ancient place name", ["鄀"] = "place name", ["鄂"] = "Hubei province (abbrev.)", ["鄄"] = "name of a district in Shandong", ["鄆"] = "place name", ["鄇"] = "place name", ["鄈"] = "place name", ["鄉"] = "country; village", ["鄋"] = "name of a tribe", ["鄍"] = "place name", ["鄎"] = "place name", ["鄏"] = "place name", ["鄐"] = "''surname''", ["鄑"] = "place name", ["鄒"] = "''surname''; name of district in Shandong", ["鄔"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["鄖"] = "name of a feudal state", ["鄗"] = "ancient place name", ["鄘"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["鄙"] = "rustic; low; base; mean", ["鄚"] = "''surname''", ["鄜"] = "name of a district in Shaanxi", ["鄞"] = "name of a district in Zhejiang", ["鄠"] = "name of a district in Shaanxi", ["鄢"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["鄣"] = "place name", ["鄤"] = "place name", ["鄧"] = "Deng (Xiaoping)", ["鄩"] = "''surname''; place name", ["鄫"] = "name of a feudal state", ["鄬"] = "place in Henan province", ["鄭"] = "''surname''", ["鄮"] = "ancient place name", ["鄯"] = "name of a district in Xinjiang", ["鄰"] = "neighbour; adjacent; close to", ["鄱"] = "name of a lake", ["鄴"] = "''surname''; name of ancient district", ["鄶"] = "''surname''; name of a feudal state", ["鄹"] = "name of a state; ''surname''", ["鄺"] = "''surname''", ["鄻"] = "place name", ["鄾"] = "place name", ["鄿"] = "(herb); place name", ["酃"] = "name of a district in Hunan", ["酅"] = "place name", ["酆"] = "''surname''; name of an ancient city", ["酇"] = "group of 100 families; place name", ["酈"] = "''surname''; ancient place name", ["酉"] = "10th [[earthly branch]]; 5–7 p.m.", ["酊"] = "tincture", ["酋"] = "tribal chief", ["酌"] = "to pour the alcoholic drink; to consider", ["配"] = "to join; to fit; to mate; to mix; to match; to deserve; to make up (a prescription)", ["酎"] = "rich alcoholic drink that is fermented multiple times", ["酏"] = "elixirs; sweet wine", ["酐"] = "anhydride", ["酒"] = "alcoholic drink", ["酖"] = "poisonous; to poison; addicted to liquor", ["酗"] = "drunk", ["酚"] = "phenol", ["酞"] = "phthalein", ["酡"] = "flushed (from drinking)", ["酢"] = "toast to host by guest", ["酣"] = "intoxicated", ["酤"] = "to deal in liquors", ["酥"] = "flaky", ["酪"] = "Chinese cream; cheese", ["酬"] = "entertain; repay; return; reward; compensate", ["酮"] = "[[ketone]]", ["酯"] = "[[ester]]", ["酰"] = "(chem.) [[-acyl]]; acid radical", ["酲"] = "alcoholic", ["酴"] = "yeast", ["酵"] = "yeast", ["酶"] = "enzyme", ["酷"] = "ruthless; strong (as of wine); (slang loan from English) cool, great", ["酸"] = "sour; sore; ache; acid", ["酹"] = "pour out libation; sprinkle", ["酺"] = "drink heavily; drink in company", ["醁"] = "name of a wine", ["醃"] = "to salt; pickle", ["醅"] = "unstrained spirits", ["醆"] = "wine cup", ["醇"] = "of alcoholic drink, rich, pure", ["醉"] = "intoxicated", ["醊"] = "pour libation on ground", ["醋"] = "vinegar", ["醑"] = "spiritus; strain spirits", ["醒"] = "to wake up; to awaken; to be awake", ["醓"] = "brine of pickled meat", ["醚"] = "[[ether]]", ["醛"] = "[[aldehyde]]", ["醜"] = "shameful; ugly; disgraceful", ["醝"] = "white wine", ["醞"] = "to brew", ["醡"] = "press for extracting wine", ["醢"] = "minced meat; pickled meat", ["醣"] = "carbohydrate", ["醨"] = "dregs of wine", ["醪"] = "alcoholic drink with dregs", ["醫"] = "medical; medicine; doctor; to cure; to treat", ["醬"] = "jam; thick sauce", ["醭"] = "mould on liquids", ["醮"] = "perform sacrifice", ["醯"] = "vinegar; acyl", ["醰"] = "bitter taste in wine; rich; full flavoured", ["醲"] = "concentrated; strong wine", ["醴"] = "sweet wine", ["醵"] = "contribute to a feast", ["醹"] = "strong (of wine)", ["醺"] = "to be drunk; to intoxicate with alcohol", ["醼"] = "strong (of tea)", ["醽"] = "name of a wine", ["醾"] = "unfiltered wine; wine brewed twice", ["釀"] = "ferment; brew", ["釁"] = "offer blood in sacrifice", ["釂"] = "drain a goblet", ["釃"] = "to filter alcohol; to pour alcohol or tea into drinkware; to branch off a river", ["釅"] = "strong (of tea)", ["釆"] = "to distinguish", ["采"] = "allotment to a feudal noble; affairs; gather", ["釉"] = "glaze (of porcelain)", ["釋"] = "explain; to release", ["里"] = "li, a Chinese unit of length", ["重"] = "heavy; serious; to double; to repeat; repetition; iteration; again; a layer", ["野"] = "field; plain; open space; limit; boundary; rude; wild", ["量"] = "capacity; quantity; amount; to estimate; to measure", ["釐"] = "centi-", ["金"] = "metal; gold; money", ["釓"] = "gadolinium", ["釔"] = "yttrium", ["釕"] = "ruthenium", ["釗"] = "encourage; to cut; to strain", ["釘"] = "nail", ["釙"] = "polonium", ["釜"] = "kettle; cauldron", ["針"] = "needle; pin; injection", ["釣"] = "to fish with a hook and bait", ["釤"] = "samarium", ["釦"] = "button", ["釧"] = "an armlet; bracelet", ["釩"] = "vanadium", ["釪"] = "an alms bowl; a small bell", ["釬"] = "to solder; weld by heat", ["釭"] = "hanging bowl for lamp or fish", ["釱"] = "fetters; to fetter", ["釵"] = "hairpin", ["釷"] = "thorium", ["釸"] = "silicon", ["釹"] = "neodymium", ["鈀"] = "palladium", ["鈁"] = "francium", ["鈃"] = "long-necked wine flask", ["鈄"] = "a wine flagon", ["鈆"] = "lead", ["鈇"] = "axe", ["鈉"] = "sodium", ["鈊"] = "cadolinium", ["鈌"] = "to pierce, to stab; to take", ["鈍"] = "blunt; stupid", ["鈐"] = "latch of door; seal", ["鈑"] = "metal plate; sheet of metal", ["鈒"] = "germanium", ["鈔"] = "money; paper money", ["鈕"] = "button", ["鈞"] = "30 catties or 15 kg; great; (honorific) your", ["鈣"] = "calcium", ["鈥"] = "holmium", ["鈦"] = "titanium", ["鈧"] = "scandium", ["鈮"] = "niobium", ["鈰"] = "cerium", ["鈳"] = "columbium", ["鈴"] = "(small) bell", ["鈷"] = "cobalt", ["鈸"] = "cymbals", ["鈹"] = "beryllium", ["鈺"] = "hard metals", ["鈽"] = "plutonium", ["鈾"] = "uranium", ["鈿"] = "gold inlaid work", ["鉀"] = "potassium", ["鉅"] = "great; hard iron", ["鉆"] = "treasure", ["鉈"] = "thallium", ["鉉"] = "stand for bronze tripod (archeol.); used in names, e.g. 盧武鉉 President Loh Roh Mu-hyun of South Korea", ["鉋"] = "a plane; to plane", ["鉌"] = "small bell", ["鉍"] = "bismuth", ["鉏"] = "hoe", ["鉑"] = "platinum", ["鉗"] = "pincers; pliers; tongs; claw (of animal); to grasp with pincers; to pinch; to clamp; to restrain; to restrict; to gag", ["鉚"] = "riveting", ["鉛"] = "lead (metal)", ["鉞"] = "battle-axe", ["鉤"] = "entice; hook", ["鉥"] = "acmite", ["鉦"] = "gong used to halt troops", ["鉬"] = "molybdenum", ["鉭"] = "tantalum", ["鉲"] = "cadmium", ["鉶"] = "cauldron for soup", ["鉸"] = "scissors; to cut (with scissors)", ["鉺"] = "erbium", ["鉻"] = "chromium", ["鉼"] = "plate", ["鉾"] = "spear", ["鉿"] = "hafnium", ["銀"] = "silver; money", ["銃"] = "a gun; a pistol", ["銅"] = "copper", ["銍"] = "sickle", ["銎"] = "eye of an axe", ["銑"] = "shining metal", ["銓"] = "estimate; select", ["銕"] = "iron; strong, solid, firm", ["銖"] = "twenty-fourth part of a tael", ["銘"] = "inscribed motto", ["銚"] = "weeding tool; pan with a long handle", ["銛"] = "fish-spear; sharp", ["銜"] = "hold in mouth; nominal office", ["銠"] = "rhodium", ["銣"] = "rubidium", ["銤"] = "americium", ["銥"] = "iridium", ["銦"] = "indium", ["銧"] = "point of a sword", ["銨"] = "ammonium", ["銩"] = "thulium", ["銪"] = "europium", ["銫"] = "caesium", ["銬"] = "shackles, manacle", ["銲"] = "to solder; weld by heat", ["銳"] = "acute", ["銶"] = "single-headed pick; stone chisel", ["銷"] = "to melt; to do away with; to sell", ["銻"] = "antimony", ["銼"] = "a file (tool for shaping metal); to file", ["鋁"] = "aluminium", ["鋂"] = "lock; metal dog collar", ["鋅"] = "zinc", ["鋆"] = "gold", ["鋇"] = "barium", ["鋈"] = "-plated; to plate", ["鋊"] = "a poker; brass filings; to file", ["鋌"] = "big arrow; walk fast; ingot", ["鋍"] = "beryllium", ["鋏"] = "pincers for use at a fire; sword", ["鋐"] = "utensil; implement", ["鋑"] = "to engrave or carve, as a block for printing", ["鋒"] = "point or edge of a tool", ["鋕"] = "engrave; to record", ["鋘"] = "to plaster; trowel", ["鋙"] = "hoe", ["鋝"] = "(ancient unit of weight)", ["鋟"] = "carve", ["鋤"] = "a hoe; to hoe or dig; to weed; get rid of", ["鋦"] = "curium; mend chinaware with staples", ["鋨"] = "osmium", ["鋩"] = "sharp point", ["鋪"] = "a bed; a store; to spread", ["鋮"] = "person's name", ["鋯"] = "zirconium", ["鋰"] = "lithium", ["鋱"] = "terbium", ["鋸"] = "a saw; to saw; to mend (china) with staples", ["鋹"] = "sharp; a keen edge; sharp point", ["鋼"] = "steel", ["錀"] = "(metal)", ["錁"] = "grease-pot for cart; ingot", ["錄"] = "to record; to hit; to copy", ["錆"] = "the colour of a mineral", ["錈"] = "to bend iron", ["錏"] = "ammonium", ["錐"] = "awl; to bore", ["錒"] = "actinium", ["錔"] = "encase the end with metal", ["錕"] = "steel sword", ["錘"] = "to hammer; weight of steel yard", ["錙"] = "ancient weight; one-fourth of a tael", ["錚"] = "clang of metals; small gong", ["錛"] = "adz; adze; [gen3]; blunt; tough; chewy", ["錞"] = "copper drum", ["錟"] = "long spear", ["錠"] = "ingot", ["錡"] = "cauldron; chisel", ["錢"] = "coin; money", ["錤"] = "hoe", ["錦"] = "brocade; embroidered work; bright", ["錨"] = "anchor", ["錩"] = "metal utensil; mounting; fitting", ["錫"] = "tin", ["錮"] = "obstinate disease; restrain; to stop", ["錯"] = "mistake; error; blunder; fault; cross; uneven; wrong", ["錳"] = "manganese", ["錶"] = "watch", ["錸"] = "rhenium", ["錼"] = "np", ["鍆"] = "mendelevium", ["鍇"] = "high quality iron", ["鍉"] = "spoon, key", ["鍊"] = "refine", ["鍋"] = "pot; pan; boiler", ["鍍"] = "-plated; to plate", ["鍏"] = "spade", ["鍐"] = "a headstall, ornament on a bride", ["鍔"] = "blade edge; sharp", ["鍘"] = "lever-knife", ["鍚"] = "ornaments on headstall of horse", ["鍛"] = "forge; wrought; to discipline", ["鍠"] = "sound of drums and bells; trident", ["鍥"] = "cut; to carve", ["鍩"] = "Nobelium", ["鍪"] = "iron pot; metal cap", ["鍬"] = "shovel; to dig", ["鍭"] = "metal arrowhead", ["鍰"] = "(ancient measure); money", ["鍱"] = "thin plates of metal", ["鍵"] = "(door lock) key", ["鍶"] = "strontium", ["鍹"] = "spade; hoe", ["鍺"] = "germanium", ["鍼"] = "needle", ["鍾"] = "(ancient measure); ''surname''", ["鎂"] = "magnesium", ["鎉"] = "thallium", ["鎊"] = "pound (unit of currency)", ["鎌"] = "scythe; sickle", ["鎍"] = "chain; wire", ["鎏"] = "bessemerizing of matte", ["鎒"] = "to hoe; to weed", ["鎓"] = "onium", ["鎔"] = "to smelt; fuse", ["鎖"] = "to lock up; to lock", ["鎗"] = "rifle; spear", ["鎘"] = "cadmium", ["鎚"] = "a hammer; to hammer", ["鎛"] = "large bell; hoe, spade", ["鎞"] = "ploughshare; barb, lancet", ["鎡"] = "hoe", ["鎢"] = "tungsten", ["鎤"] = "sound of a bell; small bell", ["鎦"] = "lutecium", ["鎧"] = "armour", ["鎩"] = "spear", ["鎪"] = "to engrave (metal of wood)", ["鎬"] = "bright; place name; stove; a pick", ["鎮"] = "composed; small town; to suppress; to press down; to post", ["鎰"] = "abrasion; gold-20 taels in weight", ["鎳"] = "nickel", ["鎵"] = "gallium", ["鏃"] = "arrowhead; sharp", ["鏇"] = "lathe; thread in screw", ["鏈"] = "chain; lead or tin ore", ["鏌"] = "sword", ["鏐"] = "pure gold", ["鏑"] = "dysprosium", ["鏖"] = "violent fighting", ["鏗"] = "jingling of metals; to strike", ["鏘"] = "tinkling of small bells", ["鏚"] = "battle-axe", ["鏜"] = "noise of drums", ["鏝"] = "side of coin without words; trowel", ["鏞"] = "large bell", ["鏟"] = "spade; shovel", ["鏡"] = "mirror; lens", ["鏢"] = "a throwing weapon; dart", ["鏤"] = "engrave; hard steel", ["鏦"] = "spear; to plunge (with spear)", ["鏨"] = "engrave", ["鏵"] = "ploughshare; spade", ["鏷"] = "protactinium", ["鏹"] = "money; string of coins; sulfuric acid", ["鏻"] = "phosphonium", ["鏽"] = "rust", ["鏾"] = "the trigger of a crossbow; crossbow", ["鐃"] = "big cymbals", ["鐇"] = "vanadium", ["鐏"] = "butt end of spear", ["鐒"] = "lawrencium", ["鐓"] = "upsetting (forged pieces)", ["鐔"] = "knob on a sword-handle", ["鐘"] = "clock; time as measured in hours and minutes; bell", ["鐙"] = "stirrup", ["鐠"] = "praseodymium", ["鐨"] = "Fermium; fermium", ["鐩"] = "speculum", ["鐫"] = "degrade; engrave (wood or stone)", ["鐮"] = "scythe; sickle", ["鐲"] = "bracelet", ["鐳"] = "radium", ["鐵"] = "iron", ["鐶"] = "(ancient weight); metal ring", ["鐸"] = "large ancient bell", ["鐺"] = "clank; clang; sound of metal; frying pan; griddle", ["鐻"] = "(mus. instr.)", ["鐿"] = "ytterbium", ["鑀"] = "ionium", ["鑄"] = "cast metals; to coin (money)", ["鑊"] = "boiler or cauldron", ["鑌"] = "fine steel", ["鑐"] = "bolt of a Chinese lock", ["鑑"] = "example; mirror; to view", ["鑒"] = "example; mirror; to view; reflection; to reflect; to inspect; to warn; (ancient bronze mirror)", ["鑕"] = "(executioner's) block", ["鑞"] = "solder", ["鑠"] = "bright; melt; fuse (metal)", ["鑢"] = "polishing tool", ["鑣"] = "darts; escort; horse bit", ["鑤"] = "a plane; to plane", ["鑥"] = "lutetium", ["鑪"] = "stove", ["鑫"] = "(used in names)", ["鑭"] = "lanthanum", ["鑯"] = "awl; sharp iron point", ["鑰"] = "key", ["鑱"] = "sharp instrument for digging", ["鑲"] = "to inlay; to embed; ridge; border", ["鑴"] = "to engrave or carve, as a block for printing", ["鑵"] = "a can; a jar", ["鑷"] = "forceps; to nip", ["鑼"] = "gong", ["鑽"] = "an auger; diamond; enter (a hole); probe", ["鑾"] = "imperial", ["鑿"] = "chisel", ["钁"] = "a mattock; a billhook", ["钃"] = "metal", ["镅"] = "Americium", ["镎"] = "Neptunium", ["長"] = "long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop", ["門"] = "opening; door; gate; doorway; gateway; valve; switch; way to do something; knack; family; house; (religious) sect; school (of thought); class; category; (taxonomy) phylum or division", ["閂"] = "to bolt", ["閃"] = "flash; lightning", ["閆"] = "''surname''", ["閈"] = "gate of village; village", ["閉"] = "to close; stop up; shut; obstruct", ["開"] = "open; operate (vehicle); start", ["閌"] = "in 閌閬, open space in a structure", ["閎"] = "''surname''; big; gate", ["閏"] = "intercalary", ["閑"] = "to stay idle; to be unoccupied; not busy; leisure; enclosure", ["閒"] = "idle; interstice; separate", ["間"] = "interstice; separate; between; among; space; (measure word)", ["閔"] = "''surname''; feel compassion for", ["閘"] = "gear; watergate", ["閟"] = "hidden; hide", ["閡"] = "obstruct", ["閣"] = "council-chamber; shelf", ["閤"] = "council-chamber; shelf; side door", ["閥"] = "clique; valve", ["閨"] = "small arched door; women's apartment; women", ["閩"] = "Fujian Province (abbrev.); Min", ["閫"] = "door to women's room; threshold", ["閬"] = "閬中 place in Sichuan; 閬苑 palace, home of immortals; in 閌閬, open space in a structure", ["閭"] = "gate of a village; village", ["閱"] = "peruse; review; to read", ["閶"] = "gate of heaven; gate of palace", ["閹"] = "castrate", ["閺"] = "look down", ["閻"] = "gate of village", ["閼"] = "first wives of xiong-nu chiefs; shut; stop", ["閽"] = "door-keeper", ["閾"] = "threshold", ["閿"] = "wen xiang, Henan province", ["闃"] = "live alone; quiet", ["闇"] = "to shut the door; unilluminated", ["闈"] = "door to women's room; gate to palace", ["闉"] = "''surname''; inner gates", ["闊"] = "rich; wide; broad", ["闋"] = "section of a song; shut", ["闌"] = "door-screen; exhausted; late", ["闍"] = "used in Buddhist transliteration; tower over a city gate", ["闐"] = "fill up; rumbling sound", ["闑"] = "vertical divider of a door way", ["闒"] = "door or window in an upper story", ["闓"] = "loosen; open", ["闔"] = "entire (family)", ["闕"] = "imperial city; deficiency", ["闖"] = "to rush; break through", ["闚"] = "peep; pry into", ["關"] = "to close; to shut; to turn off; to concern; to involve; mountain pass", ["闞"] = "peep", ["闟"] = "peacefully; quietly", ["闠"] = "gate of market", ["闡"] = "to express; disclose; enlighten; open", ["闢"] = "dispel; open up; refute", ["闤"] = "wall around a market place", ["闥"] = "door of an inner room", ["阜"] = "abundant; mound", ["阞"] = "layer; vein", ["阡"] = "road leading north and south", ["阤"] = "bank; hillside", ["阨"] = "defile; pass; in distress", ["阪"] = "a slope; hillside", ["阬"] = "pit; to defraud", ["阮"] = "''surname''; a Chinese plucked stringed instrument", ["阯"] = "foundation", ["阱"] = "hole; pitfall", ["防"] = "to protect; to defend; to guard (against)", ["阹"] = "a pen; to surround", ["阻"] = "to hinder; to block; to obstruct", ["阼"] = "steps leading to the eastern door", ["阽"] = "dangerous", ["阿"] = "''phonetic''; (final part.); (interj.); flatter; an initial particle; prefix to names of people", ["陀"] = "''phonetic''; declivity; steep bank", ["陂"] = "rugged; uneven; reservoir", ["附"] = "to add; to attach; to be close to; to be attached", ["陋"] = "low; humble; plain; ugly; mean; vulgar", ["陌"] = "raised path; street", ["降"] = "to drop; to fall; to come down; to descend; to surrender", ["限"] = "limit; bound", ["陑"] = "place name", ["陔"] = "step; terrace", ["陘"] = "border the stove; defile; pass", ["陛"] = "the steps to the throne", ["陜"] = "Shaanxi", ["陝"] = "Shaanxi", ["陞"] = "promoted", ["陟"] = "advance; ascend", ["陡"] = "steep", ["院"] = "courtyard; institution", ["陣"] = "disposition of troops; short period; wave; spate; burst; spell", ["除"] = "remove; do away with; wipe out; divide; except", ["陪"] = "to accompany; to keep someone company", ["陬"] = "corner; foot of mountain", ["陰"] = "(of weather) overcast; Yin; feminine; moon; cloudy; negative (electric.); shady", ["陲"] = "frontier", ["陳"] = "arrange; exhibit; narrate; tell; old; stale; state; display; explain; ''surname''", ["陴"] = "parapet", ["陵"] = "mound; tomb; hill; mountain", ["陶"] = "pleased; pottery", ["陷"] = "to fall; trap", ["陸"] = "shore; land; continent; six (fraud-proof)", ["陼"] = "islet; bank", ["陽"] = "positive (electric.); sun; male", ["陾"] = "sound of stonemason's shovel", ["隃"] = "exceed; jump over", ["隄"] = "dike", ["隅"] = "corner", ["隆"] = "grand; intense; prosperous; start (a fire); sound of drums", ["隈"] = "bay; cove", ["隉"] = "dangerous", ["隊"] = "squadron; team; group", ["隋"] = "name of a dynasty", ["隍"] = "dry moat; god of city", ["階"] = "rank or step; stairs", ["隒"] = "the appearance of a mountain, as if two pots were standing one upon the other; the steep bank of a stream a rough mountain path", ["隔"] = "to separate; to stand or lie between; to divide; to cut off", ["隕"] = "fall; meteor; perish", ["隗"] = "''surname''; eminent; lofty", ["隘"] = "a pass or defile; narrow; confined; in distress", ["隙"] = "crack; occasion for dislike", ["際"] = "border; edge; boundary; between; among; interval; while", ["障"] = "to block; to hinder; to obstruct", ["隤"] = "fall in ruins; soft", ["隧"] = "subterranean; underground passage", ["隨"] = "to follow; to comply with; to allow; ''surname''", ["隩"] = "bay; cove", ["險"] = "danger(ous); rugged", ["隮"] = "go up; rainbow", ["隰"] = "''surname''; low; marshy land", ["隱"] = "secret; hidden; concealed", ["隳"] = "to destroy", ["隴"] = "Gansu", ["隸"] = "attached to; scribe", ["隹"] = "short-tailed bird", ["隻"] = "(a measure word, for birds and some animals, for one of a pair); single", ["雀"] = "bird; lentigo; sparrow", ["雁"] = "wild goose", ["雂"] = "(bird)", ["雄"] = "heroic; male", ["雅"] = "elegant", ["集"] = "to gather; to collect; collected works", ["雇"] = "hire", ["雉"] = "ringed pheasant", ["雊"] = "crowing of pheasant", ["雋"] = "smart; eminent; talented", ["雌"] = "female", ["雍"] = "''surname''; harmonious", ["雎"] = "(fish hawk); osprey", ["雒"] = "black horse with white mane; fearful", ["雕"] = "engrave; shrewd", ["雖"] = "although; even though", ["雗"] = "a white pheasant", ["雘"] = "red earth used for paints", ["雙"] = "two; double; pair; both", ["雚"] = "a heron; small cup", ["雛"] = "chick; young bird", ["雜"] = "mixed; miscellaneous; various; to mix", ["雝"] = "harmonious", ["雞"] = "fowl; chicken", ["雟"] = "sparrow; revolve; place name", ["離"] = "to leave; to depart; to go away; from", ["難"] = "disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good", ["雨"] = "rain", ["雩"] = "summer sacrifice for rain", ["雪"] = "snow", ["雯"] = "multicoloured clouds", ["雰"] = "misty; foggy", ["雱"] = "heavy fall of rain or snow", ["雲"] = "cloud; Yunnan (abbrev.); ''surname''", ["零"] = "remnant; zero; to fall", ["雷"] = "thunder", ["雹"] = "hail", ["電"] = "electric; electricity; electrical", ["需"] = "to require; to need; to want; necessity; need", ["霂"] = "drizzle; fine rain", ["霄"] = "firmament; heaven", ["霅"] = "''surname''; rain", ["霆"] = "clap of thunder", ["震"] = "shake; shock; sign in trigram", ["霈"] = "torrent of rain", ["霉"] = "bacteria; fungi; mouldy", ["霍"] = "quickly", ["霎"] = "all of a sudden; drizzle", ["霏"] = "fall of snow", ["霑"] = "moisten", ["霓"] = "secondary rainbow", ["霖"] = "continued rain", ["霙"] = "sleet; snowflakes", ["霜"] = "frost", ["霝"] = "drops of rain; to fall in drops", ["霞"] = "red clouds", ["霢"] = "drizzling rain; showered with favours", ["霣"] = "rain storm; to fall", ["霤"] = "dripping of rain from eaves", ["霧"] = "fog; mist", ["霨"] = "rising of clouds", ["霪"] = "heavy rain", ["霫"] = "Sui-Tang (premodern ethnic group)", ["霮"] = "denseness of clouds", ["霰"] = "sleet", ["露"] = "to show; to reveal; to expose; dew", ["霸"] = "feudal chief; rule by force; tyrant; lord; master; hegemon; usurp", ["霹"] = "of thunder, to strike", ["霽"] = "sky clearing up", ["霾"] = "dust-storm", ["靄"] = "cloudy sky; friendly", ["靈"] = "alert; departed soul; efficacious; quick; effective; intelligence", ["靉"] = "cloudy; shady", ["青"] = "green (blue, black); Qinghai province (abbrev.)", ["靖"] = "pacify; quiet", ["靚"] = "make up (face)", ["靛"] = "indigo pigment", ["靜"] = "still; calm; quiet; not moving", ["非"] = "(be) not; wrong; blame; Africa", ["靠"] = "depend upon; lean on; near; by; against; to support", ["靡"] = "extravagant; go with fashion; not; wasted", ["面"] = "face; side; surface; aspect; top", ["靦"] = "bashful", ["靨"] = "dimple", ["革"] = "leather; remove", ["靪"] = "to cobble, to patch", ["靮"] = "reins; bridle", ["靰"] = "leg warmer", ["靳"] = "''surname''; martingale; stingy", ["靴"] = "boots", ["靶"] = "target; mark", ["靷"] = "traces (of a carriage)", ["靸"] = "labourers; shoes; slippers", ["靺"] = "name of a tribe; socks; stockings", ["靼"] = "''phonetic''; dressed leather", ["靿"] = "the leg of a boot", ["鞀"] = "hand drum used by peddlers", ["鞃"] = "a leaning board on carriage", ["鞄"] = "to work hides; leather bag", ["鞅"] = "martingale", ["鞋"] = "shoe", ["鞍"] = "saddle", ["鞏"] = "secure; solid", ["鞗"] = "reins of leather", ["鞘"] = "scabbard; sheath", ["鞙"] = "fine", ["鞚"] = "bridle; reins", ["鞝"] = "patch of leather", ["鞞"] = "scabbard", ["鞠"] = "to bring up; to rear; ''surname''", ["鞡"] = "leg warmer", ["鞣"] = "suede; chamois; tannin; to tan", ["鞨"] = "buskin; name of a tribe; turban", ["鞬"] = "a quiver on a horse; a store", ["鞭"] = "a whip or lash; to flog; slash or whip", ["鞮"] = "''surname''; leather shoes", ["鞶"] = "large belt", ["鞹"] = "leather", ["韁"] = "bridle; reins", ["韃"] = "Tartar; a tribe in China", ["韅"] = "leather girth on horse", ["韉"] = "saddle blanket", ["韋"] = "''surname''; soft leather", ["韌"] = "annealed; pliable but strong; tough; tenacious", ["韍"] = "knee pad", ["韎"] = "a grass that gives red dye", ["韓"] = "(South) Korea; ''surname''", ["韔"] = "bow bag", ["韖"] = "tan, soften", ["韘"] = "archer's thumb ring", ["韙"] = "correct; right", ["韜"] = "bow case; to cover", ["韝"] = "archer's arm guard", ["韞"] = "contain", ["韡"] = "gorgeous", ["韣"] = "bow case", ["韭"] = "leek", ["韱"] = "wild onions or leeks", ["音"] = "sound; noise; news", ["韶"] = "(music); excellent; harmonious", ["韹"] = "music of bell and drum", ["韺"] = "music of legendary emperor Gu", ["韻"] = "rhyme", ["響"] = "to make a sound; to sound; to ring; (a measure word for sound); loud", ["頀"] = "music", ["頁"] = "page; leaf", ["頂"] = "go against; most; peak; top; to replace; to substitute; a measure word (use with \"hat\")", ["頃"] = "100 mu; a short while ago; a 'ching' (unit of area); approx. (with dates); a short while", ["頄"] = "cheekbone", ["項"] = "back of neck; item; thing", ["順"] = "to obey; to follow; to arrange; to make reasonable; along; favourable", ["須"] = "necessary; must; need", ["頊"] = "grieved; anxious", ["頌"] = "to praise", ["頍"] = "raise one's head", ["頎"] = "tall", ["頏"] = "fly down", ["預"] = "to advance; in advance; beforehand; to prepare", ["頑"] = "mischievous; obstinate; to play; stupid; stubborn; naughty", ["頒"] = "promulgate; send out; issue; to grant or confer", ["頓"] = "a time; jerk; stop; meal; bout; spell; (measure for beating)", ["頖"] = "disperse", ["頗"] = "quite; rather; uneven; sloping", ["領"] = "neck; collar; to lead; to receive", ["頜"] = "maxilla and mandible", ["頞"] = "junction of nose and forehead", ["頠"] = "easeful carriage of one's head", ["頡"] = "''surname''; fly upwards; neck", ["頤"] = "cheeks; nourish", ["頦"] = "chin", ["頫"] = "look down; stoop", ["頭"] = "head; (''noun suffix'')", ["頯"] = "cheekbone; protrude", ["頰"] = "cheeks", ["頲"] = "narrow forehead", ["頷"] = "chin; nod assent", ["頸"] = "neck", ["頹"] = "become bald; decadent", ["頻"] = "frequency; frequently; repetitious", ["顆"] = "(measure word for small spheres)", ["題"] = "topic; subject; to inscribe; to superscribe", ["額"] = "volume; amount; quantity; forehead; quota", ["顎"] = "jaw; palate", ["顏"] = "colour; countenance; face", ["顑"] = "yellow", ["顒"] = "great; just; stern", ["顓"] = "''surname''; good; simple", ["顗"] = "pleasing; respectful manner", ["願"] = "hope; wish; desire; ready; willing", ["顙"] = "forehead; kowtow", ["顛"] = "inverted; jolt; top", ["顜"] = "honest; upright", ["類"] = "kind; type; class; category; similar; like; to resemble", ["顣"] = "frown", ["顥"] = "bright; white", ["顧"] = "look after; take into consideration; to attend to", ["顫"] = "to tremble; to shiver; to shake; to vibrate", ["顯"] = "prominent; conspicuous; to show", ["顰"] = "knit the brows", ["顱"] = "forehead; skull", ["顳"] = "temporal bones", ["顴"] = "cheek bones", ["風"] = "wind; news; style; custom; manner", ["颭"] = "sway", ["颮"] = "whirlwind", ["颯"] = "declining; sound of wind", ["颱"] = "typhoon", ["颳"] = "blow (of the wind)", ["颶"] = "hurricane", ["颸"] = "cool breeze of autumn", ["颺"] = "soar; tossed by wind or wave", ["颻"] = "floating in the air", ["颼"] = "blow (as of wind); sound of wind", ["颽"] = "balmy; genial as wind", ["颾"] = "blowing of the wind", ["颿"] = "sail", ["飀"] = "soughing of wind", ["飂"] = "wind in high places", ["飄"] = "to float", ["飆"] = "whirlwind", ["飌"] = "wind", ["飛"] = "to fly", ["食"] = "eat; food; to feed; animal feed", ["飢"] = "hungry", ["飣"] = "display food for show only; sacrifice", ["飥"] = "food made of dough", ["飧"] = "supper", ["飪"] = "cooked food; cook until well done", ["飫"] = "full (as of eating)", ["飭"] = "keep in order; stern; to order; direct", ["飯"] = "food; cuisine; cooked rice; meal", ["飲"] = "drink", ["飴"] = "syrup", ["飶"] = "fragrance of food", ["飼"] = "to raise; to rear; to feed", ["飽"] = "to eat till full; satisfied", ["飾"] = "adorn; ornaments", ["餀"] = "tainted food", ["餂"] = "lick; lap", ["餃"] = "dumplings with meat filling", ["餅"] = "round flat cake; cookie; cake; pastry", ["餇"] = "food", ["餈"] = "fried rice cake", ["餉"] = "soldier's pay", ["養"] = "give birth; keep (pets); to support; to bring someone up; to raise (pig, etc.)", ["餌"] = "bait", ["餐"] = "eat; meal", ["餑"] = "cake; biscuit", ["餒"] = "hungry", ["餓"] = "to be hungry; hungry", ["餔"] = "evening meal", ["餕"] = "remains of a sacrifice or a meal", ["餖"] = "set out food", ["餗"] = "pot of cooked rice", ["餘"] = "remainder", ["餚"] = "meat dishes", ["餞"] = "farewell dinner; preserves", ["餟"] = "circle shrines and make sacrifices", ["餡"] = "stuffing; forcemeat", ["餤"] = "to advance", ["餧"] = "steamed bread; to feed", ["館"] = "house; establishment", ["餩"] = "hiccup", ["餪"] = "send a present of a feast", ["餫"] = "Chinese ravioli", ["餬"] = "congee; making a living", ["餮"] = "gluttonous", ["餱"] = "dry provisions", ["餲"] = "spoiled, sour, mouldy", ["餳"] = "malt-sugar; molasses", ["餵"] = "to feed", ["餼"] = "grain ration; sacrificial victim", ["餽"] = "make a present", ["餾"] = "reheat by steaming", ["餿"] = "rancid; soured (as food)", ["饁"] = "carry food to labourers in the field", ["饃"] = "mantou", ["饇"] = "to eat too much; to confer", ["饈"] = "delicacies", ["饉"] = "time of famine or crop failure", ["饋"] = "food; make a present", ["饌"] = "food; delicacies", ["饎"] = "food; to cook", ["饐"] = "rancid", ["饑"] = "hungry", ["饒"] = "to spare", ["饔"] = "dressed food; first meal of the day", ["饕"] = "gluttonous", ["饗"] = "offer or enjoy sacrifice", ["饘"] = "thick congee", ["饜"] = "eat to the full", ["饞"] = "gluttonous; greedy", ["饟"] = "soldier's pay", ["馕"] = "naan", ["首"] = "head; chief; first (occasion); first (thing); measure word for poems", ["馗"] = "cheekbone; crossroads; high", ["馘"] = "cut off the left ear of the slain", ["香"] = "fragrant; incense; (of food) savoury; appetizing; sweet; scented; popular", ["馝"] = "fragrance", ["馡"] = "fragrant", ["馣"] = "fragrant odour", ["馥"] = "fragrance, scent, aroma", ["馨"] = "fragrant", ["馬"] = "horse; ''surname''", ["馭"] = "manage; to drive", ["馮"] = "Feng (Chinese surname)", ["馱"] = "carry on back", ["馳"] = "run fast; speed; spread; gallop", ["馴"] = "attain gradually; tame", ["馵"] = "(horse)", ["馹"] = "horse for relaying dispatches", ["駁"] = "argue; particoloured; tranship; dispute; contradict; refute", ["駃"] = "fast (horse)", ["駉"] = "in good condition (as a horse)", ["駋"] = "(horse)", ["駐"] = "resident in; stationed in; located at; to station (troops)", ["駑"] = "worn out old horses", ["駒"] = "colt", ["駓"] = "(horse)", ["駔"] = "powerful horse", ["駕"] = "to drive; to draw; to harness; to mount", ["駗"] = "chatter mark", ["駘"] = "tired; worn out horse", ["駙"] = "prince consort", ["駛"] = "hasten; proceed to; sail a vessel", ["駜"] = "strong horse", ["駝"] = "camel; humpback", ["駟"] = "team of 4 horses", ["駢"] = "two adjacent horses; side by side; parallel; antithetical", ["駪"] = "large crowd", ["駬"] = "(horse)", ["駭"] = "astonish; startle", ["駮"] = "argue; particoloured; tranship", ["駰"] = "iron-grey (as a horse)", ["駱"] = "camel", ["駴"] = "thunderous beating of drums", ["駸"] = "fleet horse", ["駹"] = "black horse with a white face", ["駽"] = "grey", ["駾"] = "approach at swift gallop (on horses)", ["駿"] = "spirited horse", ["騁"] = "hasten; run; open up; gallop", ["騂"] = "bay horse", ["騃"] = "stupid; foolish", ["騄"] = "(horse)", ["騅"] = "''surname''; piebald", ["騆"] = "divine horse", ["騉"] = "fine horse", ["騋"] = "mare", ["騍"] = "mother horse", ["騎"] = "to ride (an animal or bike); to sit astride", ["騏"] = "piebald horse", ["騑"] = "horse with yellow back", ["騕"] = "name of a fabulous horse", ["騖"] = "fast; greedy; run rapidly", ["騙"] = "to cheat; to swindle; to deceive; to fool", ["騢"] = "(horse)", ["騣"] = "bristles; horse's mane", ["騤"] = "powerful; strong", ["騧"] = "piebald horse", ["騫"] = "defective; raise", ["騭"] = "determine; promote; stallion", ["騮"] = "bay horse with black mane", ["騰"] = "to soar; to gallop; to rise; to prance; to hover; to move out", ["騵"] = "chestnut horse with white belly", ["騶"] = "go; mythical animal", ["騷"] = "to bother; to annoy; to have sex appeal", ["騸"] = "to geld", ["騺"] = "heavy horse; horse unable to move because of twisted leg; plodding", ["騾"] = "mule", ["驀"] = "leap on or over; suddenly", ["驁"] = "a noble steed; untamed", ["驂"] = "outside horses of a team of 4", ["驃"] = "white horse", ["驄"] = "buckskin horse", ["驅"] = "to expel; to urge on; to drive; to run quickly", ["驆"] = "used in transliterating Buddhist books", ["驈"] = "black horse with white legs", ["驊"] = "chestnut horse", ["驌"] = "(horse)", ["驍"] = "brave; good horse; strong", ["驏"] = "horse without saddle", ["驒"] = "(horse)", ["驔"] = "black horse", ["驕"] = "proud; arrogant", ["驖"] = "dark brown horse", ["驗"] = "to examine; to test; to check", ["驙"] = "(horse)", ["驚"] = "to startle; to be frightened; to be scared; alarm", ["驛"] = "remount stations", ["驟"] = "sudden; suddenly", ["驢"] = "donkey", ["驤"] = "prance (as a horse)", ["驥"] = "thoroughbred horse; refined and virtuous", ["驦"] = "good horse", ["驩"] = "docile horse", ["驪"] = "black horse; good horse", ["驫"] = "a horde of horses", ["骨"] = "bone", ["骫"] = "be bent; crooked (of bones)", ["骭"] = "shinbone", ["骰"] = "cuboid bone; dice", ["骱"] = "joint of bones", ["骴"] = "a putrid carcass", ["骷"] = "skeleton", ["骸"] = "bones of the body", ["骼"] = "skeleton", ["骾"] = "blunt; fish bones; unyielding", ["髀"] = "thigh; thigh bone", ["髁"] = "condyles", ["髆"] = "shoulder blade", ["髏"] = "skull", ["髑"] = "skull", ["髒"] = "dirty; filthy", ["髓"] = "marrow", ["體"] = "body; form; style; system", ["髕"] = "kneecap", ["髖"] = "pelvis; pelvic", ["高"] = "high; tall", ["髟"] = "hair; shaggy", ["髡"] = "make the head bald", ["髣"] = "seemingly", ["髦"] = "bang (hair); fashionable; mane", ["髧"] = "long hair", ["髫"] = "tufts of hair on children", ["髭"] = "moustache", ["髮"] = "hair", ["髯"] = "beard; whiskers", ["髲"] = "a wig", ["髳"] = "bang (hair); fashionable; mane", ["髹"] = "red lacquer; to lacquer", ["髺"] = "dishevelled hair, as in mourning", ["髻"] = "hair rolled up in a bun, topknot", ["髽"] = "dress the hair", ["髾"] = "tail of a comet; long hair", ["鬁"] = "bald; scabby", ["鬃"] = "bristles; horse's mane", ["鬅"] = "dishevelled", ["鬆"] = "loose", ["鬈"] = "to curl; curled", ["鬋"] = "to hang down (hair)", ["鬍"] = "beard; moustache", ["鬎"] = "bald; scabby", ["鬐"] = "dorsal fins; horse's mane", ["鬑"] = "hanging temple hair", ["鬒"] = "bushy black hair", ["鬖"] = "wild hair", ["鬗"] = "head ornaments; pretty hair", ["鬘"] = "beautiful hair", ["鬙"] = "short hair; unkempt", ["鬚"] = "beard; moustache", ["鬟"] = "a knot of hair on top of head", ["鬠"] = "to make a top knot", ["鬢"] = "temples; hair on the temples", ["鬣"] = "bristles; mane", ["鬥"] = "fight; contend; incite; meet; encounter", ["鬧"] = "make noise or disturbance", ["鬨"] = "have a hilarious time; riot", ["鬩"] = "feud, fight, quarrel", ["鬮"] = "(draw) lots; lot (in a game of chance)", ["鬯"] = "sacrificial spirit", ["鬱"] = "dense (growth); melancholy", ["鬲"] = "''surname''; earthen pot; iron cauldron", ["鬵"] = "big iron pot, cauldron", ["鬷"] = "kettle on legs", ["鬻"] = "vend", ["鬼"] = "ghost; sly; crafty", ["魁"] = "chief; head", ["魂"] = "soul", ["魃"] = "drought demon", ["魄"] = "soul", ["魅"] = "demon; magic; to charm", ["魆"] = "beguile; suddenly", ["魈"] = "elf", ["魊"] = "ghost of a child", ["魋"] = "Japanese brown bear", ["魏"] = "''surname''; name of a dynasty", ["魑"] = "mountain elf", ["魔"] = "devil", ["魘"] = "nightmare", ["魚"] = "fish", ["魛"] = "the mullet", ["魟"] = "ray (fish)", ["魦"] = "shark family, including some rays and skates", ["魨"] = "leatherfish", ["魬"] = "sole or flounder", ["魯"] = "crass; place name", ["魴"] = "bream; {{taxlink|Zeus japonicus|species}}", ["魵"] = "shrimp", ["魷"] = "cuttlefish", ["鮀"] = "(fish)", ["鮆"] = "(fish)", ["鮐"] = "globefish", ["鮑"] = "abalone", ["鮒"] = "silver carp", ["鮓"] = "preserved fish", ["鮚"] = "oyster", ["鮞"] = "caviar; fish roe", ["鮠"] = "a kind of shad with a head like a sturgeon", ["鮦"] = "snakefish", ["鮨"] = "{{taxlink|Epinephelus septemfasciatus|species}}", ["鮪"] = "little tuna; {{taxlink|Euthynnus alletteratus|species}}", ["鮫"] = "shark", ["鮭"] = "blowfish; salmon", ["鮮"] = "few; rare; fresh", ["鮶"] = "{{taxlink|Sebastodes guntheri|species}}", ["鮸"] = "{{taxlink|Miichthys miiuy|species}}", ["鮿"] = "(fresh-water fish)", ["鯀"] = "[[w:Gun (Chinese mythology)|Gun]], father of Yu the Great", ["鯁"] = "blunt; fish bones; unyielding", ["鯄"] = "{{taxlink|Lepidotrigla microptera|species}}", ["鯆"] = "the skate or ray", ["鯇"] = "carp", ["鯈"] = "{{taxlink|Leuciscus macropus|species}}", ["鯉"] = "carp", ["鯊"] = "shark", ["鯔"] = "{{vern|flathead grey mullet}}", ["鯕"] = "[[bream]]; {{vern|white common carp}}; {{vern|redlip croaker}}", ["鯖"] = "mackerel; mullet", ["鯗"] = "wine-preserved pomfret", ["鯙"] = "[[moray eel]]", ["鯛"] = "{{taxlink|Pagrus major|species}}", ["鯠"] = "to confer; to bestow on an inferior; to reward", ["鯡"] = "herring", ["鯢"] = "''[[Cryptobranchus japonicus]]''; [[salamander]]", ["鯤"] = "sea-monster; young of fishes", ["鯥"] = "{{taxlink|Pomatomus saltatrix|species}}; bluefish", ["鯧"] = "a type of fish", ["鯨"] = "whale", ["鯪"] = "pangolin; {{taxlink|Manis pentadactylata|species}}", ["鯫"] = "''surname''; minnows; small fish", ["鯰"] = "sheat", ["鯸"] = "blowfish", ["鯽"] = "bastard carp; sand perch", ["鰆"] = "{{taxlink|Scomberomorus sinensis|species}}", ["鰈"] = "flatfish; flounder; sole", ["鰉"] = "sturgeon", ["鰋"] = "mudfish", ["鰍"] = "loach", ["鰒"] = "{{taxlink|Haliotis gigantea|species}}; {{vern|sea ear}}", ["鰓"] = "gills of fish", ["鰜"] = "a flounder; flatfish", ["鰣"] = "shad; {{taxlink|Ilisha elongata|species}}", ["鰤"] = "{{taxlink|Seriola qinqueradiata|species}}; yellow tail", ["鰥"] = "widower", ["鰩"] = "ray (fish)", ["鰭"] = "fins; supporting surfaces", ["鰱"] = "''[[Hypophthalmichthys molitrix]]''", ["鰲"] = "sea turtle", ["鰳"] = "(shad); spermary of fish", ["鰶"] = "''[[Konosirus punctatus]]''", ["鰷"] = "Chub ''[[Leucichthys]]''", ["鰹"] = "bonito", ["鰻"] = "eel; {{taxlink|Anguilla rostrata|species}}", ["鰼"] = "loach; mudfish", ["鰽"] = "herring", ["鰾"] = "air bladder of fish", ["鱄"] = "(fish); ''surname''", ["鱆"] = "poulpe", ["鱈"] = "codfish; {{taxlink|Gadus macrocephalus|species}}", ["鱉"] = "turtle", ["鱎"] = "(fish)", ["鱐"] = "dried fish", ["鱒"] = "barbel", ["鱔"] = "{{vern|Chinese yellow eel}}", ["鱖"] = "{{taxlink|Helicolenus|genus}}", ["鱗"] = "scales (of fish)", ["鱘"] = "''[[Acipenser]]'' spp.; sturgeon", ["鱟"] = "horseshoe crab", ["鱠"] = "chopped meat or fish", ["鱣"] = "{{taxlink|Acipenser micadoi|species}}; sturgeon", ["鱧"] = "snakefish", ["鱨"] = "(fish)", ["鱭"] = "{{taxlink|Coilia nasus|species}}", ["鱮"] = "{{taxlink|Hypophthalmichthys moritrix|species}}", ["鱵"] = "{{taxlink|Hyporhampus sajuri|species}}", ["鱷"] = "crocodile; alligator", ["鱸"] = "common perch", ["鳥"] = "bird", ["鳦"] = "a swallow (bird)", ["鳧"] = "wild duck; to swim", ["鳩"] = "turtle-dove; {{taxlink|Turtur orientalis|species}}", ["鳳"] = "male fenghuang", ["鳴"] = "to cry (of birds)", ["鳶"] = "kite", ["鳷"] = "{{taxlink|Garrulus lidthi|species}}", ["鳻"] = "the wild pigeon", ["鴃"] = "shrike", ["鴄"] = "wild duck", ["鴆"] = "[[w:zhenniao|a mythical bird]]; poisonous; to poison", ["鴇"] = "Chinese bustard; procuress", ["鴈"] = "wild goose", ["鴉"] = "crow", ["鴒"] = "wagtail; lark", ["鴕"] = "ostrich", ["鴗"] = "{{taxlink|Alcedo bengalensis|species}}", ["鴝"] = "(mynah)", ["鴞"] = "[[Ural owl]]", ["鴟"] = "[[scops owl]]", ["鴠"] = "a kind of nightingale", ["鴢"] = "(duck)", ["鴥"] = "to swoop, fly swiftly", ["鴨"] = "duck", ["鴳"] = "quail", ["鴷"] = "woodpecker", ["鴻"] = "{{vern|eastern bean goose}}; great; large", ["鴽"] = "quail-like bird", ["鴿"] = "pigeon; dove", ["鵀"] = "hoopoe", ["鵁"] = "{{taxlink|Mycticorax prasinosceles|species}}", ["鵂"] = "owl", ["鵑"] = "cuckoo", ["鵓"] = "woodpidgeon", ["鵙"] = "a shrike", ["鵝"] = "goose", ["鵠"] = "swan; white-haired", ["鵩"] = "owl", ["鵪"] = "quail", ["鵫"] = "pheasant", ["鵬"] = "peng (large mythical bird)", ["鵯"] = "bird", ["鵰"] = "golden eagle", ["鵲"] = "magpie", ["鵵"] = "{{taxlink|Scops semitorques|species}}", ["鵷"] = "firebird", ["鵻"] = "snipe; turtle-dove", ["鶂"] = "hawk", ["鶇"] = "thrush; {{taxlink|Tardus fuscatus|species}}", ["鶉"] = "quail", ["鶊"] = "oriole", ["鶖"] = "crane", ["鶚"] = "fish eagle; fish hawk; osprey", ["鶡"] = "crossbill; long-tailed pheasant", ["鶦"] = "pelican", ["鶩"] = "tame duck", ["鶬"] = "oriole", ["鶯"] = "oriole", ["鶱"] = "soar", ["鶲"] = "Siberian flycatcher", ["鶴"] = "crane", ["鶵"] = "chick; young bird", ["鶸"] = "siskin", ["鶻"] = "falcon; migratory bird", ["鶼"] = "mythical bird with one eye and one wing", ["鶿"] = "cormorant", ["鷁"] = "fishhawk bow or prow", ["鷂"] = "sparrow hawk; ''[[Accipiter nisus]]''", ["鷃"] = "quail-like bird", ["鷇"] = "fledglings", ["鷊"] = "pheasant", ["鷏"] = "bird name", ["鷕"] = "cry of hen pheasant", ["鷖"] = "widgeon", ["鷗"] = "common gull", ["鷙"] = "birds of prey", ["鷟"] = "phoenix; river gull", ["鷦"] = "eastern wren", ["鷩"] = "{{taxlink|Phasianus pictus|species}}", ["鷭"] = "water-hen; ''[[Gallinula]]''", ["鷲"] = "black eagle; condor; cruel", ["鷳"] = "{{taxlink|Phasianus nycthemerus|species}}", ["鷴"] = "silver pheasant badge worn by civil officials of the 5th grade", ["鷸"] = "[[common snipe]]", ["鷹"] = "eagle; falcon; hawk", ["鷺"] = "heron", ["鷽"] = "{{vern|oriental bullfinch}}", ["鸇"] = "sparrow hawk; swift", ["鸏"] = "tropic bird", ["鸒"] = "{{vern|eastern jackdaw}}", ["鸓"] = "flying squirrel", ["鸕"] = "fishing cormorant", ["鸛"] = "crane; stork", ["鸝"] = "{{vern|Chinese oriole}}", ["鸞"] = "(mythical bird); imperial", ["鹵"] = "crass; halogen; salt; brine", ["鹹"] = "salty", ["鹺"] = "brine; salt", ["鹼"] = "alkali; soda; base (chem.)", ["鹽"] = "salt", ["鹿"] = "deer", ["麀"] = "female deer", ["麂"] = "{{taxlink|Moschus chinensis|species}}", ["麃"] = "to weed", ["麇"] = "hornless deer", ["麈"] = "leader of herd; stag", ["麋"] = "moose; river bank", ["麌"] = "stag; herd", ["麑"] = "fawn", ["麒"] = "male unicorn", ["麓"] = "foot of a hill", ["麗"] = "beautiful; Korea", ["麚"] = "buck; stag", ["麛"] = "fawn; young of animals", ["麝"] = "musk deer", ["麟"] = "female unicorn", ["麤"] = "coarse; rough; rude", ["麥"] = "wheat; barley; oats", ["麩"] = "bran", ["麮"] = "porridge", ["麰"] = "barley", ["麵"] = "flour; noodles", ["麻"] = "(to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp; numb; to bother", ["麼"] = "dimi.", ["麽"] = "(interrog. suff.)", ["麾"] = "signal flag; to signal", ["黃"] = "yellow", ["黈"] = "a yellow colour", ["黌"] = "school", ["黍"] = "[[broomcorn millet]]; [[glutinous millet]]", ["黎"] = "''surname''; black; Lebanon (abbrev.)", ["黏"] = "sticky", ["黑"] = "black; dark; Heilongjiang Province (abbrev.)", ["黓"] = "black", ["黔"] = "Guizhou; black", ["黕"] = "red", ["默"] = "silent; write from memory", ["黛"] = "umber-black dye for painting the eyebrow", ["黜"] = "dismiss; expel", ["黝"] = "black; dark green", ["點"] = "point; dot; (decimal) point; o'clock; (measure word)", ["黟"] = "black and shining ebony", ["黠"] = "''phonetic''; crafty", ["黥"] = "''surname''; tattoo criminals on face", ["黧"] = "yellowish black", ["黨"] = "party; association; club; society", ["黮"] = "black, dark; unclear; private", ["黯"] = "deep black; dark", ["黰"] = "bushy black hair", ["黲"] = "grey black", ["黴"] = "bacteria; fungi; mouldy", ["黶"] = "black spots on body", ["黷"] = "blacken; constantly; to insult", ["黹"] = "embroidery", ["黻"] = "(embroidery)", ["黼"] = "(embroidery)", ["黽"] = "toad", ["黿"] = "{{vern|Cantor's giant softshell turtle}}", ["鼇"] = "huge mythological sea turtle", ["鼉"] = "large water lizard", ["鼎"] = "ancient bronze cauldron; throne; (''Min'') wok", ["鼏"] = "cover of tripod kettle", ["鼐"] = "incense tripod", ["鼒"] = "tripod with a small opening on top", ["鼓"] = "convex; drum; to rouse; to beat", ["鼕"] = "boom (of a drum)", ["鼖"] = "large brass drum", ["鼙"] = "drum carried on horseback", ["鼚"] = "sound of drum", ["鼛"] = "large drum", ["鼠"] = "rat; mouse", ["鼢"] = "(mole)", ["鼪"] = "stoat; weasel", ["鼫"] = "long-tailed marmot", ["鼬"] = "weasel, {{taxlink|Mustela itatis|species}}", ["鼯"] = "{{taxlink|Petaurista leucogenys|species}}", ["鼴"] = "mole", ["鼷"] = "mouse", ["鼻"] = "nose", ["鼽"] = "congested nose", ["鼾"] = "snore", ["齁"] = "snore; thirsty from salty food", ["齆"] = "stuffed nose", ["齈"] = "cold in the head; catarrh of the nose", ["齉"] = "stoppage of the nose; to speak with a nasal twang; snuffling; snuffle (as in nose with a cold)", ["齊"] = "even; neat; identical; ready; to make even; simultaneously; place name", ["齋"] = "a fast; studio", ["齎"] = "send; to present in both hands", ["齏"] = "fragment; spices", ["齒"] = "tooth", ["齔"] = "replace the milk teeth", ["齕"] = "gnaw", ["齗"] = "gums (of the teeth); to dispute", ["齙"] = "projecting teeth", ["齜"] = "projecting teeth", ["齞"] = "to display the teeth", ["齟"] = "irregular; uneven teeth", ["齠"] = "shed the milk teeth; young", ["齡"] = "age; stage of one's life", ["齣"] = "''classifier for plays''; act, stanza", ["齦"] = "gums; gnaw; bite", ["齧"] = "''surname''; gnaw", ["齪"] = "dirty; small-minded", ["齬"] = "irregular teeth", ["齮"] = "''surname''; bite", ["齯"] = "teeth grown in old age", ["齰"] = "to bite", ["齲"] = "decayed teeth; dental caries", ["齵"] = "uneven (teeth)", ["齶"] = "palate", ["龍"] = "dragon; imperial; ''surname''", ["龐"] = "huge; enormous; tremendous", ["龑"] = "high and bright", ["龔"] = "to supply; to respect; to follow; ''surname''", ["龕"] = "niche; shrine", ["龘"] = "the appearance of a dragon walking", ["龜"] = "tortoise; turtle", ["龠"] = "(ancient measure); flute", ["龢"] = "harmonious", ["龤"] = "to harmonize; to accord with; to agree", ["𨭎"] = "seaborgium (Sg)", ["嘢"] = "(''Cantonese'') thing", ["鐧"] = "ancient weapon like a long solid metal truncheon; type of rapier", ["嗰"] = "(''Cantonese'') that", ["覲"] = "to have an audience with the Emperor", ["淑"] = "good; pure; virtuous; charming", ["軲"] = "wheel; to roll", ["𨅝"] = "(''Cantonese'') to kick; to tread on; to depart", ["椰"] = "coconut", ["閪"] = "(''Cantonese'') vagina", ["𨳊"] = "(''Cantonese'') penis", ["噏"] = "(''Cantonese'') to babble", ["麴"] = "yeast; alcoholic beverage", ["訌"] = "quarrel", ["煦"] = "warm; gentle; kind", ["蝸"] = "land snail", ["䴉"] = "ibis", ["藩"] = "fence; screen; vassal", ["擀"] = "to roll flat with a rod", ["癔"] = "hysteria", ["淆"] = "to mix; to confuse", ["爿"] = "piece; side", ["骶"] = "sacrum", ["聒"] = "to grate on one's ears", ["哋"] = "(''Cantonese'') plural particle", ["啲"] = "(''Cantonese'') a few; some; those", ["橇"] = "sledge", ["苷"] = "glycoside", ["嚟"] = "(''Cantonese'') to come", ["攞"] = "(''Cantonese'') to take; to get", ["鮃"] = "[[Bothidae]]", ["櫼"] = "wood wedge; thin wooden stick", ["㞎"] = "(''childish'') feces", ["芎"] = "[[Szechuan lovage]] (''{{ll|mul|Ligusticum striatum}}'')", ["柊"] = "[[holly osmanthus]]", ["戕"] = "to kill", ["腈"] = "nitrile", ["謔"] = "to joke", ["腩"] = "belly flesh", ["鐐"] = "fetters", ["碸"] = "sulfone", ["焗"] = "to wrap food in gauze", ["䓬"] = "tropylium", ["苄"] = "benzyl", ["蝰"] = "viper", ["粳"] = "Japonica rice", ["槭"] = "maple", ["掬"] = "to hold with both hands", ["蕹"] = "water spinach", ["乸"] = "(''Cantonese'') female", ["囧"] = "(''slang'') shocked; surprised; embarrassed; awkward", ["幺"] = "tiny; youngest; one; ace", ["喺"] = "(''Cantonese'') be ...-ing; in, at, within; to be (located)", ["璉"] = "vessel for holding grain offerings", ["倓"] = "quiet; peaceful", ["嶸"] = "''phonetic''", ["岢"] = "high; tall", ["𦧺"] = "(''Cantonese'') to lick", ["糍"] = "glutinous rice ball", ["瞓"] = "(''Cantonese'') to sleep", ["㑚"] = "(''Wu'') you", } export.nonlemma = "蜘蜉膃肭螵枇杷尷疙瘩虼鴯蟑蜋螂氆氌氍毹芪鮟鱇糬蝙遢垃圾蕁蟥蛞蝓螅蟋蛐栴蜢蚱蚯蜒蚰茼荸葧蚣仃苤冏仉餛飩琵琶邯鄲邡跎闆蝤蜾蠃鞦韆荔澎罳鷥蝴蛺螃茉莉嘧噶伽迦邂逅璃袈裟琉毾萄崁橄菠檎檳猞猁獁僳嫦苜蓿姮囫圇忐忑旖旎匍匐鸚鵡鵜鶘鳲鴛鴦鷓鴣鶺鸑鸂鶒鵒舴艋舢舨琺拮据荽蓯芙妯娌嬡獬廌醍醐骯臢萸剞劂齷碡茯菡萏菝葜菪硨磲佧岢嵋狁薐靆嗦磟猢猻鷯鶗騠倥顢彷徨徘徊徜徉彿玲氤樨蜴蠑螈蓇葖鷫鷞靂蝌蚪嶸鷾鶹蕷犰狳侏坷揶顬玕逍鱺鋃吽蠊餺躊蠐蛉蝃褳饅魍魎" return export opco2b2yrsgg7lklq64qsulxaylfxns 10 3786182 7240454 2026-07-05T20:56:49Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "{{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡳᠩᡤᡳᡵᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} (Inggiri gisun)" 7240454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/mnc/MongolUnicode|ᡳᠩᡤᡳᡵᡳ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}} (Inggiri gisun) 38rsj86i33tk6o7m4by59eud0qptl33 0 3786183 7240457 2026-07-05T21:00:25Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{zh-forms|s=书本}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[bithe]]" 7240457 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{zh-forms|s=书本}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[bithe]] tau44z0b9cc6d68sqcbdbpwmw67c6a0 0 3786184 7240458 2026-07-05T21:00:50Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=图书}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/bithe|bithe]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240458 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=图书}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/bithe|bithe]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] ifu8aq6ue0tc8nz82k75unk5vib2v4y 0 3786185 7240459 2026-07-05T21:01:07Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{zh-forms|s=文件}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[bithe]]" 7240459 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{zh-forms|s=文件}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[bithe]] 0ld7ixr0ui26cccn8fuq1b4kdpt5vks 7240475 7240459 2026-07-05T21:30:33Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240475 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=文件}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/bithe|bithe]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] 27iwzytgcfrvk14d09aqbpwbwie6c26 0 3786186 7240460 2026-07-05T21:01:26Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{zh-forms|s=官员}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[hafan]]" 7240460 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{zh-forms|s=官员}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[hafan]] ap18qnxilb8c68kakuqh56wvkxf3jff 7240465 7240460 2026-07-05T21:05:31Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240465 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=官员}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hafan|hafan]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] ibtoq5h847tek0gj9xt1bxuz3dlia98 0 3786187 7240461 2026-07-05T21:01:40Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{zh-forms|s=官吏}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[hafan]]" 7240461 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{zh-forms|s=官吏}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[hafan]] 756xwivw61effmowpu3892xvbl9arr6 7240464 7240461 2026-07-05T21:05:07Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240464 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=官吏}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hafan|hafan]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] iwioa6an57d86ra25v2430x0923wtr4 0 3786188 7240462 2026-07-05T21:01:54Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{zh-forms|s=官职}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[hafan]]" 7240462 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{zh-forms|s=官职}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[hafan]] snb8ol8g1vfvwoww5y8ty20o4d2ekcl 7240463 7240462 2026-07-05T21:04:17Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240463 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=官职}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hafan|hafan]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] m6a4ndjuaximfp61pewa3gry7vtuwpe 0 3786189 7240470 2026-07-05T21:21:56Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=苍天}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᡴᠠ|ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᡴᠠ]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240470 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=苍天}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᡴᠠ|ᠨᡳᠣᡥᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᡴᠠ]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] 5zv12kdgxm9lb5cu1pab1v09rh31isj 10 3786190 7240473 2026-07-05T21:28:39Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "{{#invoke:translations|top}}<noinclude> </table></div></div>{{documentation}}</noinclude>" 7240473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:translations|top}}<noinclude> </table></div></div>{{documentation}}</noinclude> hp1na2dyhhbyhk1yhtdzd1hfhnnlkig 7240477 7240473 2026-07-05T21:32:13Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Wt/mnc/translations|top}}<noinclude> </table></div></div>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 9k5b3s7wd5c2pjdexquemfg06ug31pp 828 3786191 7240474 2026-07-05T21:29:31Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local anchors_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/anchors" local debug_track_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track" local languages_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/languages" local links_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/links" local pages_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/pages" local parameters_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/parameters" local string_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities" local templatestyles_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/TemplateStyles" local utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mn..." 7240474 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local anchors_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/anchors" local debug_track_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track" local languages_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/languages" local links_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/links" local pages_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/pages" local parameters_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/parameters" local string_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities" local templatestyles_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/TemplateStyles" local utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/utilities" local wikimedia_languages_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/wikimedia languages" local concat = table.concat local html_create = mw.html.create local insert = table.insert local load_data = mw.loadData local new_title = mw.title.new local require = require --[==[ Loaders for functions in other modules, which overwrite themselves with the target function when called. This ensures modules are only loaded when needed, retains the speed/convenience of locally-declared pre-loaded functions, and has no overhead after the first call, since the target functions are called directly in any subsequent calls.]==] local function decode_uri(...) decode_uri = require(string_utilities_module).decode_uri return decode_uri(...) end local function format_categories(...) format_categories = require(utilities_module).format_categories return format_categories(...) end local function full_link(...) full_link = require(links_module).full_link return full_link(...) end local function get_link_page(...) get_link_page = require(links_module).get_link_page return get_link_page(...) end local function get_wikimedia_lang(...) get_wikimedia_lang = require(wikimedia_languages_module).getByCode return get_wikimedia_lang(...) end local function language_link(...) language_link = require(links_module).language_link return language_link(...) end local function normalize_anchor(...) normalize_anchor = require(anchors_module).normalize_anchor return normalize_anchor(...) end local function plain_link(...) plain_link = require(links_module).plain_link return plain_link(...) end local function process_params(...) process_params = require(parameters_module).process return process_params(...) end local function remove_links(...) remove_links = require(links_module).remove_links return remove_links(...) end local function split_on_slashes(...) split_on_slashes = require(links_module).split_on_slashes return split_on_slashes(...) end local function templatestyles(...) templatestyles = require(templatestyles_module) return templatestyles(...) end local function track(...) track = require(debug_track_module) return track(...) end --[==[ Loaders for objects, which load data (or some other object) into some variable, which can then be accessed as "foo or get_foo()", where the function get_foo sets the object to "foo" and then returns it. This ensures they are only loaded when needed, and avoids the need to check for the existence of the object each time, since once "foo" has been set, "get_foo" will not be called again.]==] local en local function get_en() en, get_en = require(languages_module).getByCode("en"), nil return en end local headword_data local function get_headword_data() headword_data, get_headword_data = load_data("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data"), nil return headword_data end local parameters_data local function get_parameters_data() parameters_data, get_parameters_data = load_data("Module:Wt/mnc/parameters/data"), nil return parameters_data end local translations_data local function get_translations_data() translations_data, get_translations_data = load_data("Module:Wt/mnc/translations/data"), nil return translations_data end local function is_translation_subpage(pagename) if (headword_data or get_headword_data()).page.namespace ~= "" then return false elseif not pagename then pagename = (headword_data or get_headword_data()).encoded_pagename end return pagename:match("./translations$") and true or false end local function canonical_pagename() local pagename = (headword_data or get_headword_data()).encoded_pagename return is_translation_subpage(pagename) and pagename:sub(1, -14) or pagename end local function interwiki(terminfo, term, lang, langcode) -- No interwiki link if term is empty/missing if not term or #term < 1 then terminfo.interwiki = false return end -- Percent-decode the term. term = decode_uri(terminfo.term, "PATH") -- Don't show an interwiki link if it's an invalid title. if not new_title(term) then terminfo.interwiki = false return end local interwiki_langcode = (translations_data or get_translations_data()).interwiki_langs[langcode] local wmlangs = interwiki_langcode and {get_wikimedia_lang(interwiki_langcode)} or lang:getWikimediaLanguages() -- Don't show the interwiki link if the language is not recognised by Wikimedia. if #wmlangs == 0 then terminfo.interwiki = false return end local sc = terminfo.sc local target_page = get_link_page(term, lang, sc) local split = split_on_slashes(target_page) if not split[1] then terminfo.interwiki = false return end target_page = split[1] local wmlangcode = wmlangs[1]:getCode() local interwiki_link = language_link{ lang = lang, sc = sc, term = wmlangcode .. ":" .. target_page, alt = "(" .. wmlangcode .. ")", tr = "-" } terminfo.interwiki = tostring(html_create("span") :addClass("tpos") :wikitext("&nbsp;" .. interwiki_link) ) end function export.show_terminfo(terminfo, check) local lang = terminfo.lang local langcode, langname = lang:getCode(), lang:getCanonicalName() -- Translations must be for mainspace languages. if not lang:hasType("regular") then error("Translations must be for attested and approved main-namespace languages.") else local disallowed = (translations_data or get_translations_data()).disallowed local err_msg = disallowed[langcode] if err_msg then error("Translations not allowed in " .. langname .. " (" .. langcode .. "). " .. langname .. " translations should " .. err_msg) end local fullcode = lang:getFullCode() if fullcode ~= langcode then err_msg = disallowed[fullcode] if err_msg then langname = lang:getFullName() error("Translations not allowed in " .. langname .. " (" .. fullcode .. "). " .. langname .. " translations should " .. err_msg) end end end if langcode == "en" then if terminfo.interwiki then error("Interwiki translations not allowed for English; they should always link to a different Wiktionary") end local current_L2 = require(pages_module).get_current_L2() if current_L2 ~= "Translingual" and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText ~= "Wiktionary" then if current_L2 then error("English translations only allowed in Translingual section, not in " .. current_L2) else error("English translations only allowed in Translingual section, not outside of any L2") end end end local term = terminfo.term -- Check if there is a term. Don't show the interwiki link if there is nothing to link to. if not term then -- Track entries that don't provide a term. -- FIXME: This should be a category. track("translations/no term") track("translations/no term/" .. langcode) end if terminfo.interwiki then interwiki(terminfo, term, lang, langcode) end langcode = lang:getFullCode() if (translations_data or get_translations_data()).need_super[langcode] then local tr = terminfo.tr if tr ~= nil then terminfo.tr = tr:gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "^%0") end end terminfo.show_qualifiers = true local link = full_link(terminfo, "translation") local canonical_name = lang:getCanonicalName() local full_name = lang:getFullName() local categories = {"Terms with " .. canonical_name .. " translations"} if canonical_name ~= full_name then insert(categories, "Terms with " .. full_name .. " translations") end if check then link = tostring(html_create("span") :addClass("ttbc") :tag("sup") :addClass("ttbc") :wikitext("(please [[WT:Translations#Translations to be checked|verify]])") :done() :wikitext(" " .. link) ) insert(categories, "Requests for review of " .. langname .. " translations") end return link .. format_categories(categories, en or get_en(), nil, canonical_pagename()) end -- Implements {{t}}, {{t+}}, {{t-check}} and {{t+check}}. function export.show(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, (parameters_data or get_parameters_data())["translation"]) local check = frame.args.check return export.show_terminfo({ lang = args[1], sc = args.sc, track_sc = true, term = args[2], alt = args.alt, id = args.id, genders = args[3], tr = args.tr, ts = args.ts, lit = args.lit, q = args.q, qq = args.qq, l = args.l, ll = args.ll, refs = args.ref, interwiki = frame.args.interwiki, }, check and check ~= "") end local function add_id(div, id) return id and div:attr("id", normalize_anchor("Translations-" .. id)) or div end -- Implements {{trans-top}} and part of {{trans-top-also}}. local function top(args, title, id, navhead) local column_width = (args["column-width"] == "wide" or args["column-width"] == "narrow") and "-" .. args["column-width"] or "" local div = html_create("div") :addClass("NavFrame") :node(navhead) :tag("div") :addClass("NavContent") :tag("table") :addClass("translations") :attr("role", "presentation") :attr("data-gloss", title or "") :tag("tr") :tag("td") :addClass("translations-cell") :addClass("multicolumn-list" .. column_width) :attr("colspan", "3") :allDone() div = add_id(div, id) local categories = {} if not title then insert(categories, "Translation table header lacks gloss") end local pagename = canonical_pagename() if is_translation_subpage() then insert(categories, "Translation subpages") end return (tostring(div):gsub("</td></tr></table></div></div>$", "")) .. (#categories > 0 and format_categories(categories, en or get_en(), nil, pagename) or "") .. -- Category to trigger [[MediaWiki:Gadget-TranslationAdder.js]]; we want this even on -- user pages and such. format_categories("Entries with translation boxes", nil, nil, nil, true) .. templatestyles("Module:Wt/mnc/translations/styles.css") end -- Entry point for {{trans-top}}. function export.top(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, (parameters_data or get_parameters_data())["trans-top"]) local title = args[1] local id = args.id or title title = title and remove_links(title) return top(args, title, id, html_create("div") :addClass("NavHead") :css("text-align", "left") :wikitext(title or "Translations") ) end -- Entry point for {{checktrans-top}}. function export.check_top(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, (parameters_data or get_parameters_data())["checktrans-top"]) local text = "\n:''The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at " .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "section link", args = {"Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations"} } .. ".''\n" local header = html_create("div") :addClass("checktrans") :wikitext(text) local subtitle = args[1] local title = "Translations to be checked" if subtitle then title = title .. "&zwnj;: \"" .. subtitle .. "\"" end -- No ID, since these should always accompany proper translation tables, and can't be trusted anyway (i.e. there's no use-case for links). return tostring(header) .. "\n" .. top(args, title, nil, html_create("div") :addClass("NavHead") :css("text-align", "left") :wikitext(title or "Translations") ) end -- Implements {{trans-bottom}}. function export.bottom(frame) -- Check nothing is being passed as a parameter. process_params(frame:getParent().args, (parameters_data or get_parameters_data())["trans-bottom"]) return "</table></div></div>" end -- Implements {{trans-see}} and part of {{trans-top-also}}. local function see(args, see_text) local navhead = html_create("div") :addClass("NavHead") :css("text-align", "left") :wikitext(args[1] .. " ") :tag("span") :css("font-weight", "normal") :wikitext("— ") :tag("i") :wikitext(see_text) :allDone() local terms, id = args[2], args.id if #terms == 0 then terms[1] = args[1] end for i = 1, #terms do local term_id = id[i] or id.default local data = { term = terms[i], id = term_id and "Translations-" .. term_id or "Translations", } terms[i] = plain_link(data) end return navhead:wikitext(concat(terms, ",&lrm; ")) end -- Entry point for {{trans-see}}. function export.see(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, (parameters_data or get_parameters_data())["trans-see"]) local div = html_create("div") :addClass("pseudo") :addClass("NavFrame") :node(see(args, "see ")) return tostring(add_id(div, args.id.default or args[1])) end -- Entry point for {{trans-top-also}}. function export.top_also(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, (parameters_data or get_parameters_data())["trans-top-also"]) local navhead = see(args, "see also ") local title = args[1] local id = args.id.default or title title = remove_links(title) return top(args, title, id, navhead) end -- Implements {{translation subpage}}. function export.subpage(frame) process_params(frame:getParent().args, (parameters_data or get_parameters_data())["translation subpage"]) if not is_translation_subpage() then error("This template should only be used on translation subpages, which have titles that end with '/translations'.") end -- "Translation subpages" category is handled by {{trans-top}}. return ("''This page contains translations for ''%s''. See the main entry for more information.''"):format(full_link{ lang = en or get_en(), term = canonical_pagename(), }) end -- Implements {{t-needed}}. function export.needed(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, (parameters_data or get_parameters_data())["t-needed"]) local lang, category = args[1], "" local span = html_create("span") :addClass("trreq") :attr("data-lang", lang:getCode()) :tag("i") :wikitext("please add this translation if you can") :done() if not args.nocat then local type, sort = args[2], args.sort if type == "quote" then category = "Requests for translations of " .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. " quotations" elseif type == "usex" then category = "Requests for translations of " .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. " usage examples" else category = "Requests for translations into " .. lang:getCanonicalName() lang = en or get_en() end category = format_categories(category, lang, sort, not sort and canonical_pagename() or nil) end return tostring(span) .. category end -- Implements {{no equivalent translation}}. function export.no_equivalent(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, (parameters_data or get_parameters_data())["no equivalent translation"]) local text = "no equivalent term in " .. args[1]:getCanonicalName() if not args.noend then text = text .. ", but see" end return tostring(html_create("i"):wikitext(text)) end -- Implements {{no attested translation}}. function export.no_attested(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, (parameters_data or get_parameters_data())["no attested translation"]) local langname = args[1]:getCanonicalName() local text = "no [[WT:ATTEST|attested]] term in " .. langname local category = "" if not args.noend then text = text .. ", but see" local sort = args.sort category = format_categories(langname .. " unattested translations", en or get_en(), sort, not sort and canonical_pagename() or nil) end return tostring(html_create("i"):wikitext(text)) .. category end -- Implements {{not used}}. function export.not_used(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, (parameters_data or get_parameters_data())["not used"]) return tostring(html_create("i"):wikitext((args[2] or "not used") .. " in " .. args[1]:getCanonicalName())) end return export 0qd0qihi1s68lb9hndzx4tgjgj3221j 828 3786192 7240478 2026-07-05T21:32:20Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local list_to_set = require("Module:Wt/mnc/table").listToSet local alias_of_2 = {alias_of = 2} local boolean = {type = "boolean"} local empty_list = {} local list = {list = true} local list_allow_holes_separate_no_index = {list = true, allow_holes = true, separate_no_index = true} local required = {required = true} local required_default_ = {required = true, default = ""} local required_lang_default_und = {required = true, type = "language", default = "und"} local type_..." 7240478 Scribunto text/plain local list_to_set = require("Module:Wt/mnc/table").listToSet local alias_of_2 = {alias_of = 2} local boolean = {type = "boolean"} local empty_list = {} local list = {list = true} local list_allow_holes_separate_no_index = {list = true, allow_holes = true, separate_no_index = true} local required = {required = true} local required_default_ = {required = true, default = ""} local required_lang_default_und = {required = true, type = "language", default = "und"} local type_labels = {type = "labels"} local type_qualifier = {type = "qualifier"} local type_references = {type = "references"} local m = {} -- [[Module:Wt/mnc/anchors]] m["anchor"] = { [1] = {required = true, list = true, disallow_holes = true}, } m["senseid"] = { [1] = required_lang_default_und, [2] = required_default_, id = alias_of_2, tag = {set = list_to_set{"li", "p"}, default = "li"}, } m["etymid"] = { [1] = required_lang_default_und, [2] = required_default_, id = alias_of_2, } -- [[Module:Wt/mnc/etymon]] m["etymon"] = { [1] = required_lang_default_und, [2] = {list = true, disallow_holes = true}, id = true, title = true, tree = boolean, text = true, exnihilo = boolean, etydate = true, doublet = {sublist = "comma without whitespace"}, rfe = true, etystub = true, nl = boolean, pos = true, notree = {default = false, type = "boolean"}, nocat = {default = false, type = "boolean"}, nodot = {default = false, type = "boolean"}, dot = true, json = {default = false, type = "boolean"}, } -- [[Module:Wt/mnc/transclude]] m["transclude"] = { [1] = {required = true, type = "language"}, [2] = {list = true, required = true}, id = true, sort = true, nogloss = {default = false, type = "boolean"}, no_truncate_gloss = boolean, include_place_extra_info = boolean, place_translation_follows = boolean, place_addl = true, lb = true, nolb = true, nocat = boolean, to = boolean, t = list, indent = true, dot = boolean, pagename = true, } -- [[Module:Wt/mnc/translations]] m["translation"] = { [1] = required_lang_default_und, [2] = true, [3] = list, alt = true, id = true, sc = {type = "script"}, tr = true, ts = true, lit = true, l = type_labels, ll = type_labels, q = type_qualifier, qq = type_qualifier, ref = type_references, } m["t-needed"] = { [1] = required_lang_default_und, [2] = {set = list_to_set{"usex", "quote"}}, nocat = boolean, sort = true, } m["trans-top"] = { [1] = true, id = true, ["column-width"] = true, } m["trans-top-also"] = { [1] = required, [2] = list, id = list_allow_holes_separate_no_index, ["column-width"] = true, } m["checktrans-top"] = { [1] = true, ["column-width"] = true, } m["trans-bottom"] = empty_list m["trans-see"] = { [1] = required, [2] = list, id = list_allow_holes_separate_no_index, } m["translation subpage"] = empty_list m["no equivalent translation"] = { [1] = required_lang_default_und, noend = boolean, } m["no attested translation"] = { [1] = required_lang_default_und, noend = boolean, sort = true, } m["not used"] = { [1] = required_lang_default_und, [2] = true, } return m kh5lz5qm6kna6bt054qlea1d824n1k0 828 3786193 7240479 2026-07-05T21:32:42Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local string = string local case_insensitive_pattern = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities").case_insensitive_pattern local gsub = string.gsub local upper = string.upper local data = {} do local tags = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/data/parser extension tags") local data_end_tags = {} -- Generates the string pattern for the end tag. -- The preprocessor uses the regex "/<\/TAG\s*>/i", so only ASCII characters -- are case-insensitive. local function end_tag_pat..." 7240479 Scribunto text/plain local string = string local case_insensitive_pattern = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities").case_insensitive_pattern local gsub = string.gsub local upper = string.upper local data = {} do local tags = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/data/parser extension tags") local data_end_tags = {} -- Generates the string pattern for the end tag. -- The preprocessor uses the regex "/<\/TAG\s*>/i", so only ASCII characters -- are case-insensitive. local function end_tag_pattern(tag) data_end_tags[tag] = "</" .. case_insensitive_pattern(tag, nil, true) .. "%s*>" end for tag in pairs(tags) do end_tag_pattern(tag) end end_tag_pattern("includeonly") end_tag_pattern("noinclude") data_end_tags["onlyinclude"] = true -- Pattern is not required, but a key is needed for tag validity checks. data.end_tags = data_end_tags end -- The parser's HTML sanitizer validates tag attributes with the regex -- "/^([:_\p{L}\p{N}][:_\.\-\p{L}\p{N}]*)$/sxu". Ustring's "%w" is defined as -- "[\p{L}\p{Nd}]", so any characters in \p{N} but not \p{Nd} must be added -- manually. -- NOTE: \p{N} *MUST* be defined according to the same version of Unicode that -- the sanitizer uses in order to remain in sync. As of September 2024, this is -- version 11.0. local N_not_Nd = "\194\178" .. -- U+00B2 "\194\179" .. -- U+00B3 "\194\185" .. -- U+00B9 "\194\188-\194\190" .. -- U+00BC-U+00BE "\224\167\180-\224\167\185" .. -- U+09F4-U+09F9 "\224\173\178-\224\173\183" .. -- U+0B72-U+0B77 "\224\175\176-\224\175\178" .. -- U+0BF0-U+0BF2 "\224\177\184-\224\177\190" .. -- U+0C78-U+0C7E "\224\181\152-\224\181\158" .. -- U+0D58-U+0D5E "\224\181\176-\224\181\184" .. -- U+0D70-U+0D78 "\224\188\170-\224\188\179" .. -- U+0F2A-U+0F33 "\225\141\169-\225\141\188" .. -- U+1369-U+137C "\225\155\174-\225\155\176" .. -- U+16EE-U+16F0 "\225\159\176-\225\159\185" .. -- U+17F0-U+17F9 "\225\167\154" .. -- U+19DA "\226\129\176" .. -- U+2070 "\226\129\180-\226\129\185" .. -- U+2074-U+2079 "\226\130\128-\226\130\137" .. -- U+2080-U+2089 "\226\133\144-\226\134\130" .. -- U+2150-U+2182 "\226\134\133-\226\134\137" .. -- U+2185-U+2189 "\226\145\160-\226\146\155" .. -- U+2460-U+249B "\226\147\170-\226\147\191" .. -- U+24EA-U+24FF "\226\157\182-\226\158\147" .. -- U+2776-U+2793 "\226\179\189" .. -- U+2CFD "\227\128\135" .. -- U+3007 "\227\128\161-\227\128\169" .. -- U+3021-U+3029 "\227\128\184-\227\128\186" .. -- U+3038-U+303A "\227\134\146-\227\134\149" .. -- U+3192-U+3195 "\227\136\160-\227\136\169" .. -- U+3220-U+3229 "\227\137\136-\227\137\143" .. -- U+3248-U+324F "\227\137\145-\227\137\159" .. -- U+3251-U+325F "\227\138\128-\227\138\137" .. -- U+3280-U+3289 "\227\138\177-\227\138\191" .. -- U+32B1-U+32BF "\234\155\166-\234\155\175" .. -- U+A6E6-U+A6EF "\234\160\176-\234\160\181" .. -- U+A830-U+A835 "\240\144\132\135-\240\144\132\179" .. -- U+10107-U+10133 "\240\144\133\128-\240\144\133\184" .. -- U+10140-U+10178 "\240\144\134\138" .. -- U+1018A "\240\144\134\139" .. -- U+1018B "\240\144\139\161-\240\144\139\187" .. -- U+102E1-U+102FB "\240\144\140\160-\240\144\140\163" .. -- U+10320-U+10323 "\240\144\141\129" .. -- U+10341 "\240\144\141\138" .. -- U+1034A "\240\144\143\145-\240\144\143\149" .. -- U+103D1-U+103D5 "\240\144\161\152-\240\144\161\159" .. -- U+10858-U+1085F "\240\144\161\185-\240\144\161\191" .. -- U+10879-U+1087F "\240\144\162\167-\240\144\162\175" .. -- U+108A7-U+108AF "\240\144\163\187-\240\144\163\191" .. -- U+108FB-U+108FF "\240\144\164\150-\240\144\164\155" .. -- U+10916-U+1091B "\240\144\166\188" .. -- U+109BC "\240\144\166\189" .. -- U+109BD "\240\144\167\128-\240\144\167\143" .. -- U+109C0-U+109CF "\240\144\167\146-\240\144\167\191" .. -- U+109D2-U+109FF "\240\144\169\128-\240\144\169\136" .. -- U+10A40-U+10A48 "\240\144\169\189" .. -- U+10A7D "\240\144\169\190" .. -- U+10A7E "\240\144\170\157-\240\144\170\159" .. -- U+10A9D-U+10A9F "\240\144\171\171-\240\144\171\175" .. -- U+10AEB-U+10AEF "\240\144\173\152-\240\144\173\159" .. -- U+10B58-U+10B5F "\240\144\173\184-\240\144\173\191" .. -- U+10B78-U+10B7F "\240\144\174\169-\240\144\174\175" .. -- U+10BA9-U+10BAF "\240\144\179\186-\240\144\179\191" .. -- U+10CFA-U+10CFF "\240\144\185\160-\240\144\185\190" .. -- U+10E60-U+10E7E "\240\144\188\157-\240\144\188\166" .. -- U+10F1D-U+10F26 "\240\144\189\145-\240\144\189\148" .. -- U+10F51-U+10F54 "\240\145\129\146-\240\145\129\165" .. -- U+11052-U+11065 "\240\145\135\161-\240\145\135\180" .. -- U+111E1-U+111F4 "\240\145\156\186" .. -- U+1173A "\240\145\156\187" .. -- U+1173B "\240\145\163\170-\240\145\163\178" .. -- U+118EA-U+118F2 "\240\145\177\154-\240\145\177\172" .. -- U+11C5A-U+11C6C "\240\146\144\128-\240\146\145\174" .. -- U+12400-U+1246E "\240\150\173\155-\240\150\173\161" .. -- U+16B5B-U+16B61 "\240\150\186\128-\240\150\186\150" .. -- U+16E80-U+16E96 "\240\157\139\160-\240\157\139\179" .. -- U+1D2E0-U+1D2F3 "\240\157\141\160-\240\157\141\184" .. -- U+1D360-U+1D378 "\240\158\163\135-\240\158\163\143" .. -- U+1E8C7-U+1E8CF "\240\158\177\177-\240\158\178\171" .. -- U+1EC71-U+1ECAB "\240\158\178\173-\240\158\178\175" .. -- U+1ECAD-U+1ECAF "\240\158\178\177-\240\158\178\180" .. -- U+1ECB1-U+1ECB4 "\240\159\132\128-\240\159\132\140" -- U+1F100-U+1F10C data.valid_attribute_name = "^[:_%w" .. N_not_Nd .."][:_.%-%w" .. N_not_Nd .. "]*$" -- Value is the namespace number of the linked page at parameter 0, where 0 is mainspace. -- If the namespace is the mainspace, it can be overridden by an explicitly specified category (e.g. {{PAGENAME:Category:Foo}} refers to "Category:Foo"). This does not apply to any other namespace (e.g. {{#SPECIAL:Category:Foo}} refers to "Special:Category:Foo"). data.template_link_param_1 = { ["#CATEGORYTREE:"] = 14, -- Category: ["#IFEXIST:"] = 0, ["#INVOKE:"] = 828, -- Module:Wt/mnc/ ["#LST:"] = 0, ["#LSTH:"] = 0, ["#LSTX:"] = 0, ["#SPECIAL:"] = -1, -- Special: ["#SPECIALE:"] = -1, -- Special: ["#TITLEPARTS:"] = 0, ["BASEPAGENAME:"] = 0, ["BASEPAGENAMEE:"] = 0, ["CANONICALURL:"] = 0, ["CANONICALURLE:"] = 0, ["CASCADINGSOURCES:"] = 0, ["FILEPATH:"] = 6, -- File: ["FULLPAGENAME:"] = 0, ["FULLPAGENAMEE:"] = 0, ["FULLURL:"] = 0, ["FULLURLE:"] = 0, ["INT:"] = 8, -- MediaWiki: ["LOCALURL:"] = 0, ["LOCALURLE:"] = 0, ["NAMESPACE:"] = 0, ["NAMESPACEE:"] = 0, ["NAMESPACENUMBER:"] = 0, ["PAGEID:"] = 0, ["PAGENAME:"] = 0, ["PAGENAMEE:"] = 0, ["PAGESINCATEGORY:"] = 14, -- Category: ["PAGESIZE:"] = 0, ["REVISIONDAY:"] = 0, ["REVISIONDAY2:"] = 0, ["REVISIONID:"] = 0, ["REVISIONMONTH:"] = 0, ["REVISIONMONTH1:"] = 0, ["REVISIONTIMESTAMP:"] = 0, ["REVISIONUSER:"] = 0, ["REVISIONYEAR:"] = 0, ["ROOTPAGENAME:"] = 0, ["ROOTPAGENAMEE:"] = 0, ["SUBJECTPAGENAME:"] = 0, ["SUBJECTPAGENAMEE:"] = 0, ["SUBJECTSPACE:"] = 0, ["SUBJECTSPACEE:"] = 0, ["SUBPAGENAME:"] = 0, ["SUBPAGENAMEE:"] = 0, ["TALKPAGENAME:"] = 0, ["TALKPAGENAMEE:"] = 0, ["TALKSPACE:"] = 0, ["TALKSPACEE:"] = 0, } -- Value is the namespace number of the linked page at parameter 1. data.template_link_param_2 = { ["PROTECTIONEXPIRY:"] = 0, ["PROTECTIONLEVEL:"] = 0, } return data 2c9yf59k232iw0goajbfkrd8axiqk39 828 3786194 7240480 2026-07-05T21:32:55Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "--Note: noinclude, includeonly and onlyinclude are not parser extension tags, as they are handled in a special way by the preprocessor. Among other things, they cannot be used with {{#TAG:}}, for example. return { ["categorytree"] = "mw:Extension:CategoryTree", ["ce"] = "mw:Extension:Math", ["charinsert"] = "mw:Extension:CharInsert", ["chem"] = "mw:Extension:Math", ["dynamicpagelist"] = "mw:Extension:DynamicPageList (Wikimedia)", ["gallery"] = "mw:Help:Images#Rend..." 7240480 Scribunto text/plain --Note: noinclude, includeonly and onlyinclude are not parser extension tags, as they are handled in a special way by the preprocessor. Among other things, they cannot be used with {{#TAG:}}, for example. return { ["categorytree"] = "mw:Extension:CategoryTree", ["ce"] = "mw:Extension:Math", ["charinsert"] = "mw:Extension:CharInsert", ["chem"] = "mw:Extension:Math", ["dynamicpagelist"] = "mw:Extension:DynamicPageList (Wikimedia)", ["gallery"] = "mw:Help:Images#Rendering a gallery of images", ["graph"] = "mw:Extension:Graph", ["hiero"] = "mw:Extension:WikiHiero", ["imagemap"] = "mw:Extension:ImageMap", ["indicator"] = "mw:Help:Page status indicators#Adding page status indicators", ["inputbox"] = "mw:Extension:InputBox", ["langconvert"] = "mw:Parser extension tags", -- undocumented ["mapframe"] = "mw:Extension:Kartographer", ["maplink"] = "mw:Extension:Kartographer", ["math"] = "mw:Extension:Math", ["nowiki"] = "mw:Help:Formatting", ["phonos"] = "mw:Extension:Phonos", ["poem"] = "mw:Extension:Poem", ["pre"] = "mw:Help:Formatting", ["ref"] = "mw:Extension:Cite", ["references"] = "mw:Extension:Cite", ["score"] = "mw:Extension:Score", ["section"] = "mw:Extension:Labeled Section Transclusion", ["source"] = "mw:Extension:SyntaxHighlight", ["syntaxhighlight"] = "mw:Extension:SyntaxHighlight", ["talkpage"] = "mw:Extension:LiquidThreads", -- undocumented ["templatedata"] = "mw:Extension:TemplateData", ["templatestyles"] = "mw:Extension:TemplateStyles", ["thread"] = "mw:Extension:LiquidThreads", -- undocumented ["timeline"] = "mw:Extension:EasyTimeline", } ofvfawk3x15dsa9oos9tt1283gyzpwv 828 3786195 7240481 2026-07-05T21:33:09Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local m_langdata = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages/data") -- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data). local function u(...) u = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities").char return u(...) end local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} m["uam"] = { "Uamué", 3441418, } m["uan"] = { "Kuan", 6441085, } m["uar"] = { "Tairuma", 7676386, "paa-eel", "Latn", } m["uba"] = { "Ubang..." 7240481 Scribunto text/plain local m_langdata = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages/data") -- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data). local function u(...) u = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities").char return u(...) end local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} m["uam"] = { "Uamué", 3441418, } m["uan"] = { "Kuan", 6441085, } m["uar"] = { "Tairuma", 7676386, "paa-eel", "Latn", } m["uba"] = { "Ubang", 3914467, "nic-ben", "Latn", } m["ubi"] = { "Ubi", 56264, } m["ubl"] = { "Buhi'non Bikol", 18664494, "phi", "Latn", } m["ubr"] = { "Ubir", 3547642, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["ubu"] = { "Umbu-Ungu", 12953245, "ngf-hag", "Latn", } m["uby"] = { "Ubykh", 36931, "cau-nwc", "Cyrl, Latn", translit = "uby-translit", override_translit = true, display_text = {Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-displaytext"]}, strip_diacritics = { Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-stripdiacritics"], Latn = s["cau-Latn-stripdiacritics"], }, sort_key = "uby-sortkey", } m["uda"] = { "Uda", 11011951, "nic-lcr", } m["ude"] = { "Udihe", 13235, "tuw-udg", "Cyrl", } m["udg"] = { "Muduga", 16886762, "dra-imd", "Mlym", -- Mlym translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["udi"] = { "Udi", 36867, "cau-esm", "Cyrl, Latn, Armn, Geor", ancestors = "xag", translit = { Cyrl = "udi-translit", -- Geor, Armn translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] }, override_translit = true, display_text = {Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-displaytext"]}, strip_diacritics = { Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-stripdiacritics"], Latn = s["cau-Latn-stripdiacritics"], }, } m["udj"] = { "Ujir", 14916906, "poz-cet", "Latn", } m["udl"] = { "Uldeme", 3515078, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", } m["udm"] = { "Udmurt", 13238, "urj-prm", "Cyrl", translit = "udm-translit", override_translit = true, sort_key = "udm-sortkey", } m["udu"] = { "Uduk", 3182573, "ssa-kom", } m["ues"] = { "Kioko", 18343036, } m["ufi"] = { "Ufim", 7877531, "ngf-gmo", "Latn", } m["uga"] = { "Ugaritic", 36928, "sem-nwe", "Ugar", translit = { Ugar = "uga-translit", } } m["ugb"] = { "Kuku-Ugbanh", 10549854, } m["uge"] = { "Ughele", 966303, "poz-ocw", } m["ugn"] = { "Ugandan Sign Language", 7877677, "sgn-asl", } m["ugo"] = { "Gong", 3448919, "tbq-lob", "Thai", sort_key = "Thai-sortkey", } m["ugy"] = { "Uruguayan Sign Language", 7901470, "sgn", } m["uha"] = { "Uhami", 3913328, "alv-nwd", "Latn", } m["uhn"] = { "Damal", 4748974, } m["uis"] = { "Uisai", 7878123, "paa-sbo", "Latn", } m["uiv"] = { "Iyive", 11128658, "nic-tvc", "Latn", } m["uji"] = { "Tanjijili", 3914939, "nic-pls", } m["uka"] = { "Kaburi", 6344482, "ngf-sbh", "Latn", } m["ukg"] = { "Ukuriguma", 7878623, "ngf-num", "Latn", } m["ukh"] = { "Ukhwejo", 36623, "bnt-bek", } m["ukk"] = { "Muak Sa-aak", 23807993, "mkh-pal", "Latn", } m["ukl"] = { "Ukrainian Sign Language", 10322106, "sgn", } m["ukp"] = { "Ukpe-Bayobiri", 3914470, "nic-ben", "Latn", } m["ukq"] = { "Ukwa", 7878635, "nic-ief", } m["uks"] = { "Kaapor Sign Language", 3322101, "sgn", } m["uku"] = { "Ukue", 3913387, "alv-nwd", "Latn", } m["ukw"] = { "Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni", 36636, "alv", "Latn", } m["uky"] = { "Kuuk Yak", 6448719, "aus-psw", "Latn", } m["ula"] = { "Fungwa", 5509187, "nic-shi", "Latn", } m["ulb"] = { "Olukumi", 36722, "alv-yor", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {Latn = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.macron}}, sort_key = { from = {"ch", "ẹ", "gb", "gh", "gw", "kp", "kw", "ọ", "ṣ"}, to = {"c" .. p[1], "e" .. p[1], "g" .. p[1], "g" .. p[2], "g" .. p[3], "k" .. p[1], "k" .. p[2], "o" .. p[1], "s" .. p[1]} }, } m["ulc"] = { "Ulch", 13239, "tuw-nan", "Cyrl, Latn", strip_diacritics = { from = {"['’]"}, to = {"ʼ"} }, sort_key = "ulc-sortkey", } m["ule"] = { "Lule", 12635889, nil, "Latn", } m["ulf"] = { "Afra", 4477735, "qfa-dis", -- Papuan; extinct and poorly documented; per Wurm (1975), an independent branch of TNG; per Ross (2005), -- unclassifiable; per Usher (2020), West Pauwasi, though divergent; per Foley (2018), isolate. "Latn", } m["uli"] = { "Ulithian", 36842, "poz-mic", } m["ulk"] = { "Meriam", 788174, "paa-etf", "Latn", } m["ull"] = { "Ullatan", 8761579, "dra-mal", } m["ulm"] = { "Ulumanda'", 3501892, } m["uln"] = { "Unserdeutsch", 13244, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "de", } m["ulu"] = { "Uma' Lung", 3548186, "poz-swa", } m["ulw"] = { "Ulwa (Nicaragua)", 2405552, "nai-min", "Latn", } m["uma"] = { "Umatilla", 12953952, "nai-shp", "Latn", ancestors = "nai-spt", } m["umb"] = { "Umbundu", 36983, "bnt", "Latn", } m["umc"] = { "Marrucinian", 36110, "itc-sbl", "Ital, Latn", -- Ital translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] display_text = { Latn = s["itc-Latn-displaytext"] }, strip_diacritics = { Latn = s["itc-Latn-stripdiacritics"] }, sort_key = { Latn = s["itc-Latn-sortkey"] }, } m["umd"] = { "Umbindhamu", 7881346, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["umg"] = { "Umbuygamu", 3915677, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["umi"] = { "Ukit", 7878321, nil, "Latn", } m["umm"] = { "Umon", 3915448, "nic-ucn", "Latn", } m["umn"] = { "Makyan Naga", 6740516, "sit-kch", } m["umo"] = { "Umotína", 7881740, "sai-mje", } m["ump"] = { "Umpila", 12953954, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["umr"] = { "Umbugarla", 2980392, } m["ums"] = { "Pendau", 7162371, "poz-tot", "Latn", } m["umu"] = { "Munsee", 56547, "del", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.acute .. c.breve}, } m["una"] = { "North Watut", 15887898, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["und"] = { "Undetermined", 22282914, "qfa-not", "All", } m["une"] = { "Uneme", 3913357, "alv-yek", "Latn", } m["ung"] = { "Ngarinyin", 1284885, "aus-wor", "Latn", } m["uni"] = { "Uni", 65043886, "paa-pio", "Latn", } m["unk"] = { "Enawené-Nawé", 3307184, "awd", "Latn", } m["unm"] = { "Unami", 3549180, "del", "Latn", --[===[Don't strip diacritics from display text, per [[WT:Grease pit/2020/May]]. strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.diaer},]===] } m["unn"] = { "Kurnai", 61676882, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["unr"] = { "Mundari", 3327828, "mun", "Nagm, Deva, Onao", -- Onao is used by Bhumij, which may be a separate language; remove if it gets split out translit = "hi-translit", -- for now } m["unu"] = { "Unubahe", 7897776, } m["unx"] = { "Munda", 36264959, "mun", "Latn", } m["unz"] = { "Unde Kaili", 12953596, "poz-kal", "Latn", } m["uok"] = { "Uokha", 3441216, "alv-edo", "Latn", } m["uon"] = { "Kulon", 11182000, "map", "Latn", } m["upi"] = { "Umeda", 7881465, "paa-war", "Latn", } m["upv"] = { "Northeast Malakula", 13249, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["ura"] = { "Urarina", 1579560, } m["urb"] = { "Urubú-Kaapor", 13893353, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["urc"] = { "Urningangg", 10710522, } m["ure"] = { "Uru", 2992892, } m["urf"] = { "Uradhi", 3915680, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["urg"] = { "Urigina", 7900603, "ngf-pek", "Latn", } m["urh"] = { "Urhobo", 36663, "alv-swd", "Latn", } m["uri"] = { "Urim", 7900609, "paa-trr", "Latn", } m["urk"] = { "Urak Lawoi'", 7899573, "poz-mly", "Thai", sort_key = "Thai-sortkey", } m["url"] = { "Urali", 7899602, "dra-kod", "Knda", -- Knda translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] (NOTE: not present before, presumably an accidental omission) } m["urm"] = { "Urapmin", 7899769, "ngf-mok", "Latn", } m["urn"] = { "Uruangnirin", 7901389, "poz-cet", "Latn", } m["uro"] = { "Ura (New Guinea)", 3121049, "paa-bai", "Latn", } m["urp"] = { "Uru-Pa-In", 7901376, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["urr"] = { "Löyöp", 3272124, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["urt"] = { "Urat", 3502084, "paa-trr", "Latn", } m["uru"] = { "Urumi", 7901530, "tup", "Latn", } m["urv"] = { "Uruava", 36875, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["urw"] = { "Sop", 7562808, "ngf-pek", "Latn", } m["urx"] = { "Urimo", 7900611, "paa-mar", "Latn", } m["ury"] = { "Orya", 7105295, "paa-too", "Latn", } m["urz"] = { "Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau", 10266012, "tup-gua", "Latn", } m["usa"] = { "Usarufa", 7901714, "ngf-gau", "Latn", } m["ush"] = { "Ushojo", 3540446, "inc-shn", "ur-Arab", } m["usi"] = { "Usui", 12644231, } m["usk"] = { "Usaghade", 3914048, "nic-lcr", "Latn", } m["usp"] = { "Uspanteco", 36728, "myn", "Latn", } m["uss"] = { "Saare", 63313662, "nic-knn", "Latn", } m["usu"] = { "Uya", 7904082, "ngf-nur", "Latn", } m["uta"] = { "Otank", 3913990, "nic-tvc", "Latn", } m["ute"] = { "Ute", 13260, "azc-num", "Latn", } m["uth"] = { "Hun", 63313668, "nic-knn", "Latn", } m["utp"] = { "Aba", 2841465, "poz-tem", "Latn", } m["utr"] = { "Etulo", 35262, "alv-ido", "Latn", } m["utu"] = { "Utu", 7903469, "ngf-usi", "Latn", } m["uum"] = { "Urum", 13257, "trk-kcu", "Cyrl", } m["uur"] = { "Ura (Vanuatu)", 7899531, "poz-vns", "Latn", } m["uuu"] = { "U", 953082, "mkh-pal", } m["uve"] = { "West Uvean", 36837, "poz-pnp", "Latn", } m["uvh"] = { "Uri", 7900540, "ngf-era", "Latn", } m["uvl"] = { "Lote", 3259972, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["uwa"] = { "Kuku-Uwanh", 3915687, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["uya"] = { "Doko-Uyanga", 7904095, "nic-ucr", "Latn", } return require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages").finalizeData(m, "language") i7vm0jsacf3us57uxqn937brars1s1v 828 3786196 7240482 2026-07-05T21:33:22Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local args = {} return function (stylesheet) args.src = stylesheet return frame:extensionTag("templatestyles", nil, args) end" 7240482 Scribunto text/plain local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local args = {} return function (stylesheet) args.src = stylesheet return frame:extensionTag("templatestyles", nil, args) end fpxp4rqu6felstio94845c8h0qu6kw7 828 3786197 7240483 2026-07-05T21:34:25Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with ".translations { inline-size: 100%; margin: 0; } .translations-cell { background-color: var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #FFFFe0); vertical-align: top; text-align: start; }" 7240483 sanitized-css text/css .translations { inline-size: 100%; margin: 0; } .translations-cell { background-color: var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow, #FFFFe0); vertical-align: top; text-align: start; } 6vn21vrxn253knu9au4e64u5nhp0afr 10 3786198 7240484 2026-07-05T21:35:39Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "{{#invoke:Wt/mnc/translations|bottom}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>" 7240484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Wt/mnc/translations|bottom}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> glyg0kwz34giefqnh4mpimrgmqn0zxx 10 3786199 7240485 2026-07-05T21:36:34Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/mnc/translations|show}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>" 7240485 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/mnc/translations|show}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> h75u83mtt20v652jaxiwn44m4x8kxxk 828 3786200 7240486 2026-07-05T21:36:51Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local function lang_info(code) return require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages").getByCode(code):getCanonicalName() .. " (" .. code .. ")" end -- Mainspace languages not allowed in translation sections. -- The value is the part of the error message given after "Translations not allowed in LANG. LANG translations should ...". local disallowed = {} disallowed["ltc"] = "be given as " .. lang_info("lzh") .. "." disallowed["och"] = disallowed["ltc"] -- disallowed..." 7240486 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local function lang_info(code) return require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages").getByCode(code):getCanonicalName() .. " (" .. code .. ")" end -- Mainspace languages not allowed in translation sections. -- The value is the part of the error message given after "Translations not allowed in LANG. LANG translations should ...". local disallowed = {} disallowed["ltc"] = "be given as " .. lang_info("lzh") .. "." disallowed["och"] = disallowed["ltc"] -- disallowed["zh"] = "be given as a specific lect. For Modern Standard Chinese, use " .. lang_info("cmn") .. "." -- To be enabled once all current instances have been converted. export.disallowed = disallowed -- This maps from Wiktionary languages to Wikimedia languages for the purpose of {{t+}}. Unfortunately it duplicates data -- in several other places, which must also be updated; see [[Module:Wt/mnc/wikimedia languages/data]] for more information. export.interwiki_langs = { ["fa-cls"] = "fa", ["fa-ira"] = "fa", ["gug"] = "gn", ["kmr"] = "ku", ["lki"] = "ku", ["nds-de"] = "nds", ["nds-nl"] = "nds", ["pdt"] = "nds", ["prs"] = "fa", ["sdh"] = "ku", } -- languages needing superscripts in tr export.need_super = { ["cjy"] = true, ["cpx"] = true, ["gan"] = true, ["hak"] = true, ["hnm"] = true, ["hsn"] = true, ["luh"] = true, ["nan-tws"] = true, ["wuu"] = true, ["yue"] = true, ["zhx-sic"] = true, ["zhx-tai"] = true, } return export gjm0jgitqt4yx240on8gljwyel9tavv 828 3786201 7240487 2026-07-05T21:37:12Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "-- TODO 1: normalize keys with leading spaces, which don't get removed when -- "Tracking/" is prefixed. -- TODO 2: avoid weird inputs like "", which don't register as invalid since -- "Tracking/" is a valid page title. -- TODO 3: use varargs instead of a table input, then recurse with track(). local title_make_title_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/title/makeTitle" -- Transclusion-based tracking as subpages of [[Wiktionary:Tracking]]. -- Tracked pages can be found at [[Specia..." 7240487 Scribunto text/plain -- TODO 1: normalize keys with leading spaces, which don't get removed when -- "Tracking/" is prefixed. -- TODO 2: avoid weird inputs like "", which don't register as invalid since -- "Tracking/" is a valid page title. -- TODO 3: use varargs instead of a table input, then recurse with track(). local title_make_title_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/title/makeTitle" -- Transclusion-based tracking as subpages of [[Wiktionary:Tracking]]. -- Tracked pages can be found at [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/KEY]]. local error = error local find = string.find local log = mw.log local sub = string.sub local type = type local invalid_tracking_key_key = "debug/track/invalid key" local function make_title(...) make_title = require(title_make_title_module) return make_title(...) end local memo local function track(key) if not memo then memo = {} -- Return if memoized. elseif memo[key] then return end -- Throw an error if `key` isn't a string. local key_type = type(key) if key_type ~= "string" then error("Tracking keys supplied to [[Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track]] must be strings; received " .. key_type .. ".", 3) end -- make_title returns nil for invalid titles, but "#" is treated as a -- fragment separator (e.g. "foo#bar" generates the title "foo"), so it -- needs to be manually excluded. local title = not find(key, "#", nil, true) and make_title(4, "Tracking/" .. key) if not title then -- Track uses of invalid keys. Instead of recursing, simply memoize the -- invalid key and replace it with the 'invalid tracking key' key. -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/debug/track/invalid key]] log("Invalid tracking key: " .. key) memo[key] = true key = invalid_tracking_key_key if memo[key] then return end title = make_title(4, "Tracking/" .. key) end -- Normalize the key by treating it as a subpage of "Tracking", which gives -- the normalized title without the initial "Tracking/". If the normalized -- form has been memoized, don't transclude the page again. Otherwise, -- transclude the page using the `content` key on the title, which is the -- cheapest way to trigger transclusion, as it avoids any parser expansion -- of the target page. local normalized = sub(title.text, 10) -- excludes "Tracking/" if not memo[normalized] then title = title.content memo[normalized] = true end -- Memoize the original key. memo[key] = true end return function(input) if input == nil then error("No tracking key supplied to [[Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track]].", 2) elseif type(input) ~= "table" then track(input) return true end local key = input[1] if key == nil then error("No tracking keys in table supplied to [[Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track]].", 2) end local i = 1 repeat track(key) i = i + 1 key = input[i] until key == nil return true end 2z9kxdsm66tm2in8qsk6pazoogvvua3 828 3786202 7240488 2026-07-05T21:37:27Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local make_title = mw.title.makeTitle --[==[ A modified version of {mw.title.makeTitle} that fixes a bug which causes certain inputs to generate title objects for the empty string. Such empty string titles do not represent a valid page, and are broken in various ways (e.g. attempting to access certain keys results in an error); see [[phab:T240678]].]==] return function(ns, title, fragment, interwiki) local title = make_title(ns, title, fragment, interwiki) return titl..." 7240488 Scribunto text/plain local make_title = mw.title.makeTitle --[==[ A modified version of {mw.title.makeTitle} that fixes a bug which causes certain inputs to generate title objects for the empty string. Such empty string titles do not represent a valid page, and are broken in various ways (e.g. attempting to access certain keys results in an error); see [[phab:T240678]].]==] return function(ns, title, fragment, interwiki) local title = make_title(ns, title, fragment, interwiki) return title and title.prefixedText ~= "" and title or nil end coce82xngappecrexg1r1dsnope2mef 828 3786203 7240489 2026-07-05T21:37:42Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local m_langdata = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages/data") -- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data). local function u(...) u = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities").char return u(...) end local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} m["laa"] = { "Lapuyan Subanun", 12635302, "phi", } m["lab"] = { "Linear A", nil, "qfa-unc", -- undeciphered "Lina", } m["lac"] = { "Lacandon"..." 7240489 Scribunto text/plain local m_langdata = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages/data") -- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data). local function u(...) u = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities").char return u(...) end local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} m["laa"] = { "Lapuyan Subanun", 12635302, "phi", } m["lab"] = { "Linear A", nil, "qfa-unc", -- undeciphered "Lina", } m["lac"] = { "Lacandon", 35766, "myn", "Latn", } m["lad"] = { "Ladino", 36196, "roa-cas", "Hebr, Latn, Cyrl", -- Hebr display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["lae"] = { "Pattani", 7148323, "sit-whm", } m["laf"] = { "Lafofa", 35711, "alv", } m["lag"] = { "Langi", 584983, "bnt-mra", } m["lah"] = { "Lahnda", 1334774, "inc-pan", "pa-Arab", } m["lai"] = { "Lambya", 6481626, "bnt-mby", "Latn", } m["laj"] = { "Lango (Uganda)", 35670, "sdv-los", "Latn", } m["lak"] = { "Laka", 6474529, -- also Q55616620 "csu-sar", -- formerly classified as "alv-mbm"; see [[w:Lau Laka language]] } m["lam"] = { "Lamba", 36098, "bnt-sbi", "Latn", } m["lan"] = { "Laru", 3913987, "nic-knj", "Latn", } m["lap"] = { "Kabba-Laka", 6474528, "csu-sar", "Latn", } m["laq"] = { "Qabiao", 3436700, "qfa-kra", } m["lar"] = { "Larteh", 35639, "alv-gng", "Latn", } m["las"] = { "Gur Lama", 35652, "nic-gne", "Latn", } m["lau"] = { "Laba", 12952694, "paa-lla", "Latn", } m["law"] = { "Lauje", 6498258, "poz", "Latn", } m["lax"] = { "Tiwa", 7810466, "tbq-bdg", "Latn, as-Beng", } m["lay"] = { "Lama Bai", 6480756, "sit-nba", "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["laz"] = { "Aribwatsa", 3502104, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["lbb"] = { "Label", 3214296, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["lbc"] = { "Lakkia", 3027879, "qfa-tak", } m["lbe"] = { "Lak", 36206, "cau-nec", "Cyrl, Latn, Arab, Geor", translit = { Cyrl = "lbe-translit", -- Geor translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] }, override_translit = true, display_text = {Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-displaytext"]}, strip_diacritics = { Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-stripdiacritics"], Latn = s["cau-Latn-stripdiacritics"], }, sort_key = "lbe-sortkey", } m["lbf"] = { "Tinani", 784502, "sit-whm", } m["lbg"] = { "Laopang", 12952711, "tbq-bis", } m["lbi"] = { "La'bi", 6460637, "alv-mbm", } m["lbj"] = { "Ladakhi", 35833, "sit-lab", "Tibt", override_translit = true, -- Tibt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["lbk"] = { "Central Bontoc", 63257803, "phi", "Latn", } m["lbl"] = { "Libon Bikol", 18664462, "phi", "Latn", } m["lbm"] = { "Lodhi", 6666374, "mun", } m["lbn"] = { "Lamet", 3216723, "mkh-pal", "Laoo, Latn", } m["lbo"] = { "Laven", 6298648, "mkh-ban", "Latn", } m["lbq"] = { "Wampar", 7966946, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["lbr"] = { "Northern Lorung", 6668040, "sit-kie", "Deva", } m["lbs"] = { "Libyan Sign Language", 11775688, "sgn", } m["lbt"] = { "Lachi", 6583606, "qfa-kra", } m["lbu"] = { "Labu", 6467660, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["lbv"] = { "Lavatbura-Lamusong", 2405981, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["lbw"] = { "Tolaki", 3033597, "poz-btk", "Latn", } m["lbx"] = { "Lawangan", 3120345, "poz-bre", "Latn", } m["lby"] = { "Lamu-Lamu", 6482727, nil, "Latn", } m["lbz"] = { "Lardil", 3915688, "aus-tnk", "Latn", } m["lcc"] = { "Legenyem", 12952713, "poz-hce", "Latn", } m["lcd"] = { "Lola", 6668867, "poz-cet", "Latn", } m["lce"] = { "Loncong", 3058192, } m["lcf"] = { "Lubu", 3264685, } m["lch"] = { "Luchazi", 3265143, "bnt-clu", } m["lcl"] = { "Lisela", 6558753, "poz-cma", "Latn", } m["lcm"] = { "Tungag", 3542085, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["lcp"] = { "Western Lawa", 18644465, "mkh-pal", "Thai", sort_key = "Thai-sortkey", } m["lcq"] = { "Luhu", 6699890, "poz-cma", "Latn", } m["lcs"] = { "Lisabata-Nuniali", 6558534, } m["lda"] = { "Kla", 63257856, "dmn-mda", "Latn", } m["ldb"] = { "Idun", 3914441, "nic-plc", "Latn", } m["ldd"] = { "Luri (Nigeria)", 4701277, "cdc-wst", } m["ldg"] = { "Lenyima", 3914423, "nic-uce", "Latn", } m["ldh"] = { "Lamja-Dengsa-Tola", 11001739, "nic-dak", } m["ldj"] = { "Lemoro", 3912761, "nic-jer", } m["ldk"] = { "Leelau", 3914465, "alv-bwj", } m["ldl"] = { "Kaan", 3914501, "alv-yun", } m["ldm"] = { "Landoma", 35568, "alv-mel", } m["ldn"] = { "Láadan", 35757, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["ldo"] = { "Loo", 3915378, "alv-bwj", } m["ldp"] = { "Tso", 3913953, "alv-wjk", } m["ldq"] = { "Lufu", 35796, "nic-ykb", "Latn", } m["lea"] = { "Lega-Shabunda", 12952719, "bnt-lgb", } m["leb"] = { "Lala-Bisa", 6480112, "bnt-sbi", } m["lec"] = { "Leco", 2625398, "qfa-iso", } m["led"] = { "Lendu", 523823, "csu-lnd", "Latn", } m["lee"] = { "Lyélé", 3089032, "nic-gnn", } m["lef"] = { "Lelemi", 35585, "alv-ntg", } m["leh"] = { "Lenje", 6522666, "bnt-bot", } m["lei"] = { "Lemio", 6521165, "ngf-rai", "Latn", } m["lej"] = { "Lengola", 6522474, "bnt-leb", } m["lek"] = { "Leipon", 3229216, "poz-aay", "Latn", } m["lel"] = { "Lele (Congo)", 56733, "bnt-bsh", } m["lem"] = { "Nomaande", 13479983, "nic-mbw", "Latn", } m["len"] = { "Honduran Lenca", 36189, "nai-len", "Latn", } m["leo"] = { "Mengisa", 1345684, "nic-mba", ancestors = "bag", } m["lep"] = { "Lepcha", 35990, "sit", "Lepc", translit = "lep-translit", } m["leq"] = { "Lembena", 6521067, "ngf-enc", "Latn", } m["ler"] = { "Lenkau", 3229472, "poz-aay", "Latn", } m["les"] = { "Lese", 11033939, "csu-mle", } m["let"] = { "Lesing-Gelimi", 12635445, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["leu"] = { "Kara (New Guinea)", 3192889, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["lev"] = { "Lamma", 6583582, "paa-alp", "Latn", } m["lew"] = { -- this code was basically assigned as a catch-all for things that aren't brs, kzf or unz "Ledo Kaili", 35877, "poz-kal", "Latn", } m["lex"] = { "Luang", 6695015, "poz-tim", "Latn", } m["ley"] = { "Lemolang", 3033560, "poz-ssw", } m["lez"] = { "Lezgi", 31746, "cau-esm", "Cyrl, Latn, Arab", translit = "lez-translit", override_translit = true, display_text = {Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-displaytext"]}, strip_diacritics = { Cyrl = s["cau-Cyrl-stripdiacritics"], Latn = s["cau-Latn-stripdiacritics"], }, } m["lfa"] = { "Lefa", 35643, "bnt-baf", } m["lfn"] = { "Lingua Franca Nova", 146803, "art", "Latn, Cyrl", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["lga"] = { "Lungga", 3267590, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["lgb"] = { "Laghu", 3216169, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["lgg"] = { "Lugbara", 3272737, "csu-mma", "Latn", strip_diacritics = { remove_diacritics = c.acute .. c.grave, from = { "ä", "ɛ", "ë", "ï", "ɔ", "ö" }, to = { "a", "e", "i", "i", "o", "u" }, }, } m["lgh"] = { "Laghuu", 6472114, "tbq-muj", } m["lgi"] = { "Lengilu", 6522465, "poz-swa", "Latn", } m["lgk"] = { "Neverver", 3241515, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["lgl"] = { "Wala", 3565284, "poz-sls", } m["lgm"] = { "Lega-Mwenga", 14916883, "bnt-lgb", } m["lgn"] = { "Opuuo", 3354339, "ssa-kom", } m["lgq"] = { "Logba", 35813, "alv-ntg", "Latn", } m["lgr"] = { "Lengo", 3229454, "poz-sls", "Latn", } m["lgs"] = { "Guinea-Bissau Sign Language", 5616441, "sgn", } m["lgt"] = { "Pahi", 7124545, "paa-sep", "Latn", } m["lgu"] = { "Longgu", 3259105, "poz-sls", } m["lgz"] = { "Ligenza", 5531038, "bnt-bun", } m["lha"] = { "Laha (Vietnam)", 3112363, "qfa-kra", } m["lhh"] = { "Laha (Indonesia)", 6473107, "poz-cma", "Latn", } m["lhi"] = { "Lahu Shi", 25559457, "tbq-lho", } m["lhl"] = { "Lahul Lohar", 12953672, } m["lhn"] = { "Lahanan", 12953660, "poz-bnn", "Latn", } m["lhp"] = { "Lhokpu", 3436603, "sit-dhi", } m["lhs"] = { "Mlahsö", 3393063, "sem-cna", "Syrc", } m["lht"] = { "Lo-Toga", 3257566, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["lhu"] = { "Lahu", 35780, "tbq-lho", "Latn", } m["lia"] = { "West-Central Limba", 32867815, "alv-lim", } m["lib"] = { "Likum", 3240737, "poz-aay", "Latn", } m["lic"] = { "Hlai", 934738, "qfa-lic", "Latn", } m["lid"] = { "Nyindrou", 3346666, "poz-aay", "Latn", } m["lie"] = { "Likila", 11011614, "bnt-ngn", } m["lif"] = { "Limbu", 56477, "sit-kir", "Limb, Latn, Deva", translit = "lif-translit", } m["lig"] = { "Ligbi", 33594, "dmn-jje", } m["lih"] = { "Lihir", 6546938, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["lii"] = { "Lingkhim", 12635536, } m["lij"] = { "Ligurian", 36106, "roa-git", ancestors = "lij-old", "Latn", } m["lik"] = { "Lika", 1530394, "bnt-boa", } m["lil"] = { "Lillooet", 34154, "sal", "Latn", } m["lio"] = { "Liki", 4261493, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["lip"] = { "Sekpele", 36257, "alv-ntg", } m["liq"] = { "Libido", 35691, "cus-hec", } m["lir"] = { "Liberian Kreyol", 6541128, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "en", } m["lis"] = { "Lisu", 56480, "tbq-lso", "Lisu, Latn", override_translit = true, -- Lisu translit, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["liu"] = { "Logorik", 6667811, "sdv-daj", } m["liv"] = { "Livonian", 33698, "urj-fin", "Latn", display_text = { from = {"'"}, to = {"’"} }, strip_diacritics = { remove_diacritics = "'’" .. u(0x2019), from = {"Ǭ", "ǭ"}, to = {"Ō", "ō"} }, sort_key = { from = { "ā", "ä", "ǟ", "ḑ", "ē", "ī", "ļ", "ņ", "ō", "ȯ", "ȱ", "õ", "ȭ", "ö", "ȫ", "ŗ", "š", "ț", "ū", "ü", "ṻ", "ȳ", "ž", }, to = { "a" .. p[1], "a" .. p[2], "a" .. p[3], "d" .. p[1], "e" .. p[1], "i" .. p[1], "l" .. p[1], "n" .. p[1], "o" .. p[1], "o" .. p[2], "o" .. p[3], "o" .. p[4], "o" .. p[5], "o" .. p[6], "o" .. p[7], "r" .. p[1], "s" .. p[1], "t" .. p[1], "u" .. p[1], "u" .. p[2], "u" .. p[3], "y" .. p[1], "z" .. p[1], } } } m["liw"] = { "Col", 2981948, } m["lix"] = { "Liabuku", 13580912, } m["liy"] = { "Banda-Bambari", 11051591, "bad-cnt", "Latn", } m["liz"] = { "Libinza", 4914576, "bnt-zbi", } m["lja"] = { "Golpa", 50934920, "aus-yol", "Latn", } m["lje"] = { "Rampi", 7290041, "poz", } m["lji"] = { "Laiyolo", 6474218, "poz-wot", "Latn", } m["ljl"] = { "Li'o", 2697010, "poz", "Latn", } m["ljp"] = { "Lampung Api", 49215, "poz-lgx", "Latn", } m["ljw"] = { "Yirandali", 17059380, } m["ljx"] = { "Yuru", 63257867, } m["lka"] = { "Lakalei", 12952700, "poz-tim", "Latn", } m["lkb"] = { "Kabras", 63257894, "bnt-msl", ancestors = "luy", } m["lkc"] = { "Kucong", 6441572, "tbq-lho", } m["lkd"] = { "Lakondê", 20527166, "sai-nmk", "Latn", } m["lke"] = { "Kenyi", 12952628, "bnt-nyg", } m["lkh"] = { "Lakha", 56606, "sit-tib", } m["lki"] = { "Laki", 56483, "ku", "fa-Arab", translit = "lki-translit", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.kasra .. c.sukun}, } m["lkj"] = { "Remun", 7312239, "poz-mly", "Latn", } m["lkl"] = { "Laeko-Libuat", 3504331, "paa-trr", "Latn", } m["lkm"] = { "Kalaamaya", 6349988, } m["lkn"] = { "Lakon", 3216494, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["lko"] = { "Khayo", 6401095, "bnt-msl", } m["lkr"] = { "Päri", 36487, "sdv-lon", } m["lks"] = { "Kisa", 63259208, "bnt-msl", ancestors = "luy", } m["lkt"] = { "Lakota", 33537, "sio-dkt", "Latn", } m["lku"] = { "Kungkari", 6444526, } m["lky"] = { "Lokoya", 56687, "sdv-lma", } m["lla"] = { "Lala-Roba", 3914878, "alv-yun", } m["llb"] = { "Lolo", 11006056, "bnt-mak", ancestors = "vmw", } m["llc"] = { "Lele (Guinea)", 6520837, "dmn-mok", "Latn", } m["lld"] = { "Ladin", 36202, "roa-rhe", "Latn", } m["lle"] = { "Lele (New Guinea)", 3229269, "poz-aay", "Latn", } m["llf"] = { "Hermit", 3134240, "poz-aay", "Latn", } m["llg"] = { "Lole", 6668883, "poz-tim", } m["llh"] = { "Lamu", 6482736, "tbq-lso", } m["lli"] = { "Teke-Laali", 36543, "bnt-nze", } m["llj"] = { "Ladji-Ladji", 6512694, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["llk"] = { "Lelak", 3229263, "poz-swa", "Latn", } m["lll"] = { "Lilau", 6547570, "paa-mon", "Latn", } m["llm"] = { "Lasalimu", 6492774, } m["lln"] = { "Lele (Chad)", 1641493, "cdc-est", } -- llo: retired by ISO in 2019 as duplicate of ngt (Kriang); removed from Wiktionary 2026-02-01 m["llp"] = { "North Efate", 3580152, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["llq"] = { "Lolak", 12953679, "phi", } m["lls"] = { "Lithuanian Sign Language", 3915480, "sgn", } m["llu"] = { "Lau", 3218574, "poz-sls", "Latn", } m["llx"] = { "Lauan", 35682, "poz-pcc", "Latn", } m["lma"] = { "East Limba", 11034212, "alv-lim", } m["lmb"] = { "Merei", 12952843, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["lmc"] = { "Limilngan", 6549414, nil, "Latn", } m["lmd"] = { "Lumun", 35777, "alv-tal", } m["lme"] = { "Pévé", 56249, "cdc-mas", "Latn", } m["lmf"] = { "South Lembata", 7567815, } m["lmg"] = { "Lamogai", 278365, "poz-ocw", "Latn", } m["lmh"] = { "Lambichhong", 6481472, "sit-kie", ancestors = "ybh", } m["lmi"] = { "Lombi", 11259563, "csu-maa", } m["lmj"] = { "West Lembata", 6864697, } m["lmk"] = { "Lamkang", 12952703, "tbq-kuk", } m["lml"] = { "Raga", 3063193, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["lmn"] = { "Lambadi", 33474, "raj", "Latn", } m["lmo"] = { "Lombard", 33754, "roa-git", ancestors = "lmo-old", "Latn", } m["lmp"] = { "Limbum", 35801, "nic-nka", "Latn", } m["lmq"] = { "Lamatuka", 6480982, } m["lmr"] = { "Lamalera", 6480787, } m["lmu"] = { "Lamenu", 740604, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["lmv"] = { "Lomaiviti", 3130221, "poz-pcc", "Latn", } m["lmw"] = { "Lake Miwok", 3216471, "nai-utn", "Latn", } m["lmx"] = { "Laimbue", 6473933, "nic-rnw", } m["lmy"] = { "Laboya", 6481538, "poz-cet", "Latn", sort_key = "lmy-sortkey", } -- Lumbee [lmz] is spurious m["lna"] = { "Langbashe", 11137550, "bad", } m["lnb"] = { "Mbalanhu", 12952830, "bnt-ova", } m["lnd"] = { "Lun Bawang", 13479839, "poz-swa", "Latn", } m["lnh"] = { "Lanoh", 6487291, "mkh-asl", } m["lni"] = { "Daantanai'", 5207384, "paa-sbo", "Latn", } m["lnj"] = { "Linngithigh", 3915694, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["lnl"] = { "South Central Banda", 41354532, "bad", } m["lnm"] = { "Pondi", 6485678, "paa-wke", "Latn", } m["lnn"] = { "Lorediakarkar", 6680287, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["lno"] = { "Lango (Sudan)", 223306, "sdv-lma", } m["lns"] = { "Lamnso'", 35788, "nic-rng", } m["lnu"] = { "Longuda", 35797, "alv-bam", "Latn", } m["lnw"] = { "Lanima", 56825017, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["loa"] = { "Loloda", 6669025, "paa-lla", "Latn", } m["lob"] = { "Lobi", 35807, } m["loc"] = { "Inonhan", 2400870, "phi", "Latn", } m["lod"] = { "Berawan", 4891018, "poz-swa", "Latn", } m["loe"] = { "Saluan", 12953867, "poz", "Latn", } m["lof"] = { "Logol", 35779, "alv-hei", } m["log"] = { "Logo", 2613477, "csu-mma", } m["loh"] = { "Narim", 56353, "sdv", } m["loi"] = { "Lomakka", 3913961, "alv-kul", } m["loj"] = { "Lou", 3260104, "poz-aay", "Latn", } m["lok"] = { "Loko", 3914912, "dmn-msw", "Latn", } m["lol"] = { "Mongo", 112893, "bnt-mon", "Latn", } m["lom"] = { "Loma", 35885, "dmn-msw", "Latn, Loma" } m["lon"] = { "Malawi Lomwe", 10975286, "bnt-mak", "Latn", } m["loo"] = { "Lombo", 11167192, "bnt-ske", } m["lop"] = { "Lopa", 3914875, } m["loq"] = { "Lobala", 4849710, "bnt-ngn", } m["lor"] = { "Téén", 36467, "alv-kul", } m["los"] = { "Loniu", 3259202, "poz-aay", "Latn", } m["lot"] = { "Lotuko", 56672, "sdv-lma", } m["lou"] = { "Louisiana Creole", 1185127, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "fr", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["lov"] = { "Lopi", 12952740, "tbq-tal", } m["low"] = { "Tampias Lobu", 12953674, } m["lox"] = { "Loun", 6689636, "poz-cet", "Latn", } m["loz"] = { "Lozi", 33628, "bnt-sts", "Latn", } m["lpa"] = { "Lelepa", 3229273, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["lpe"] = { "Lepki", 4259152, "paa-lmu", "Latn", } m["lpn"] = { "Long Phuri Naga", 6673049, "sit-aao", } m["lpo"] = { "Lipo", 56921, "tbq-llo", "Plrd", } m["lpx"] = { "Lopit", 56684, "sdv-lma", } m["lra"] = { "Rara Bakati'", 3419746, "day", } m["lrc"] = { "Northern Luri", 19933293, "ira-swi", "fa-Arab", ancestors = "pal", } m["lre"] = { "Laurentian", 1790301, "iro-nor", "Latn", } m["lrg"] = { "Laragia", 2591193, } m["lri"] = { "Marachi", 6754565, "bnt-msl", } m["lrk"] = { "Loarki", 6663513, } m["lrl"] = { "Larestani", 33468, "ira-swi", "fa-Arab", } m["lrm"] = { "Marama", 6325931, "bnt-msl", ancestors = "luy", } m["lrn"] = { "Lorang", 6678781, } m["lro"] = { "Laro", 35687, "alv-hei", } m["lrr"] = { "Southern Lorung", 12952742, "sit-kie", } m["lrt"] = { "Larantuka Malay", 6488691, "poz-mly", "Latn", } m["lrv"] = { "Larëvat", 3217892, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["lrz"] = { "Lemerig", 2028448, "poz-vnn", "Latn", } m["lsa"] = { "Lasgerdi", 3218296, "ira-kms", "Arab", } m["lsb"] = { "Burundian Sign Language", 105196488, "sgn-asl", } m["lsd"] = { "Lishana Deni", 3436461, "sem-nna", "Hebr", -- Hebr display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["lse"] = { "Lusengo", 6683546, "bnt-zbi", } m["lsh"] = { "Lish", 6558822, "sit-khc", } m["lsi"] = { "Lashi", 6493203, "tbq-brm", "Latn", } m["lsl"] = { "Latvian Sign Language", 6497414, "sgn", } m["lsm"] = { "Saamia", 3739441, "bnt-msl", } m["lsn"] = { "Tibetan Sign Language", 15936110, "sgn", } m["lso"] = { "Laos Sign Language", 6488022, "sgn", } m["lsp"] = { "Panamanian Sign Language", 7129968, "sgn-asl", } m["lsr"] = { "Aruop", 3450566, "paa-pal", "Latn", } m["lss"] = { "Lasi", 12953669, "inc-snd", "Arab", ancestors = "sd", } m["lst"] = { "Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language", 7842495, "sgn", } m["lsv"] = { "Sivia Sign Language", 55558911, "sgn", } m["lsw"] = { "Seychelles Sign Language", 110721423, "sgn", } m["lsy"] = { "Mauritian Sign Language", 6793754, "sgn", } m["ltc"] = { "Middle Chinese", 2016252, "zhx", "Hant, Phag, Tang", translit = {Hant = "zh-translit"}, -- Tang translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]]; NOTE: Previously not present, presumably an accidental omission. sort_key = {Hant = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["ltg"] = { "Latgalian", 36212, "bat-eas", "Latn", } m["lti"] = { "Leti", 3236912, "poz-tim", "Latn", } m["ltn"] = { "Latundê", 63259736, "sai-nmk", "Latn", } m["lto"] = { "Olutsotso", 63259915, "bnt-msl", ancestors = "luy", } m["lts"] = { "Lutachoni", 63283459, "bnt-msl", } m["ltu"] = { "Latu", 6497181, "poz-cma", } m["lua"] = { "Luba-Kasai", 34173, "bnt-lub", "Latn", } m["luc"] = { "Aringa", 56556, "csu-mma", "Latn", } m["lud"] = { "Ludian", 33918, "urj-fin", "Latn", display_text = { from = {"'"}, to = {"ʹ"} }, strip_diacritics = { from = {"'"}, to = {"ʹ"} }, sort_key = { from = { "č", "š", "ž", "ü", "ä", "ö", -- 2 chars "z", "ʹ" -- 1 char }, to = { "c" .. p[1], "s" .. p[1], "s" .. p[3], "y" .. p[1], "y" .. p[2], "y" .. p[3], "s" .. p[2], "y" .. p[4], } }, } m["lue"] = { "Luvale", 33597, "bnt-clu", "Latn", } m["luf"] = { "Laua", 6497673, "paa-mal", "Latn", } m["luh"] = { "Leizhou Min", 1988433, "zhx-nan", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["lui"] = { "Luiseño", 56236, "azc-cup", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.acute .. c.circ}, } m["luj"] = { "Luna", 11003832, "bnt-lbn", } m["luk"] = { "Lunanakha", 56446, "sit-tib", "Tibt", ancestors = "dz", override_translit = true, -- Tibt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["lul"] = { "Olu'bo", 6589401, "csu-mma", } m["lum"] = { "Luimbi", 10963134, "bnt-clu", } m["lun"] = { "Lunda", 33607, "bnt-lun", "Latn", } m["luo"] = { "Luo", 5414796, "sdv-los", "Latn", } m["lup"] = { "Lumbu", 35793, "bnt-sir", } m["luq"] = { "Lucumí", 1768321, "alv-yor", "Latn", ancestors = "yo", sort_key = { remove_diacritics = c.acute, }, } m["lur"] = { "Laura", 2984540, } m["lus"] = { "Mizo", 36147, "tbq-kuk", "Latn", } m["lut"] = { "Lushootseed", 33658, "sal", "Latn", } m["luu"] = { "Lumba-Yakkha", 6703050, "sit-kie", ancestors = "ybh", } m["luv"] = { "Luwati", 33402, "inc-snd", "Khoj", } m["luy"] = { "Luhya", 35893, "bnt-msl", "Latn", } m["luz"] = { "Southern Luri", 12952748, "ira-swi", "fa-Arab", ancestors = "pal", } m["lva"] = { "Maku'a", 35790, "poz-tim", } m["lvi"] = { "Lawi", 6502657, "mkh-ban", "Latn", } m["lvk"] = { "Lavukaleve", 770547, "qfa-dis", -- Papuan; isolate in Glottolog; in the tentative Central Solomons family by Ross (2005) and Pedrós -- (2015) "Latn", } m["lvl"] = { "Lwel", 93936908, "bnt-bdz", "Latn", } m["lvu"] = { "Levuka", 6535860, } m["lwa"] = { "Lwalu", 6706953, "bnt-lbn", } m["lwe"] = { "Lewo Eleng", 6537465, } m["lwg"] = { "Wanga", nil, "bnt-msl", ancestors = "luy", } m["lwh"] = { "White Lachi", 8842956, "qfa-kra", } m["lwl"] = { "Eastern Lawa", 18644464, "mkh-pal", "Thai", sort_key = "Thai-sortkey", } m["lwm"] = { "Laomian", 19597674, "tbq-bis", } m["lwo"] = { "Luwo", 56362, "sdv-lon", "Latn", } m["lws"] = { "Malawian Sign Language", 47522462, "sgn", } m["lwt"] = { "Lewotobi", 14916885, } m["lwu"] = { "Lawu", 6505073, "tbq-lwo", } m["lww"] = { "Lewo", 3237321, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["lya"] = { "Layakha", 56602, "sit-tib", "Tibt", ancestors = "dz", override_translit = true, -- Tibt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["lyg"] = { "Lyngngam", 12635902, "aav-pkl", } m["lyn"] = { "Luyana", 3268098, } m["lzh"] = { "Classical Chinese", 37041, "zhx", "Hant", wikimedia_codes = "zh-classical", translit = "zh-translit", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["lzl"] = { "Litzlitz", 6653424, "poz-vnc", "Latn", } m["lzn"] = { "Leinong Naga", 5924455, "sit-kch", } m["lzz"] = { "Laz", 1160372, "ccs-zan", "Geor, Latn", translit = {Geor = "lzz-translit"}, override_translit = true, strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ}, } return require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages").finalizeData(m, "language") 3l95lgtctq56mppqeejqy6qayy6lilz 828 3786204 7240490 2026-07-05T21:37:56Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local data = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/ts") function export.generateForms(text, lang, sc) if sc:getCode() == "Hant" then return {text, (text:gsub("[\194-\244][\128-\191]*", data))} end return {text} end return export" 7240490 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local data = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/ts") function export.generateForms(text, lang, sc) if sc:getCode() == "Hant" then return {text, (text:gsub("[\194-\244][\128-\191]*", data))} end return {text} end return export 8jra1nca4gy6wohxu05bkviiz6m1xi0 828 3786205 7240491 2026-07-05T21:38:08Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local anchors_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/anchors" local debug_track_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track" local links_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/links" local munge_text_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/munge text" local parameters_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/parameters" local scripts_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/scripts" local string_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities" local utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/utilities" local concat = table.concat local insert..." 7240491 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local anchors_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/anchors" local debug_track_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track" local links_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/links" local munge_text_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/munge text" local parameters_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/parameters" local scripts_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/scripts" local string_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities" local utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/utilities" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local require = require local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD local dump = mw.dumpObject --[==[ Loaders for functions in other modules, which overwrite themselves with the target function when called. This ensures modules are only loaded when needed, retains the speed/convenience of locally-declared pre-loaded functions, and has no overhead after the first call, since the target functions are called directly in any subsequent calls.]==] local function embedded_language_links(...) embedded_language_links = require(links_module).embedded_language_links return embedded_language_links(...) end local function find_best_script_without_lang(...) find_best_script_without_lang = require(scripts_module).findBestScriptWithoutLang return find_best_script_without_lang(...) end local function format_categories(...) format_categories = require(utilities_module).format_categories return format_categories(...) end local function get_script(...) get_script = require(scripts_module).getByCode return get_script(...) end local function language_anchor(...) language_anchor = require(anchors_module).language_anchor return language_anchor(...) end local function munge_text(...) munge_text = require(munge_text_module) return munge_text(...) end local function process_params(...) process_params = require(parameters_module).process return process_params(...) end local function track(...) track = require(debug_track_module) return track(...) end local function u(...) u = require(string_utilities_module).char return u(...) end local function ugsub(...) ugsub = require(string_utilities_module).gsub return ugsub(...) end local function umatch(...) umatch = require(string_utilities_module).match return umatch(...) end --[==[ Loaders for objects, which load data (or some other object) into some variable, which can then be accessed as "foo or get_foo()", where the function get_foo sets the object to "foo" and then returns it. This ensures they are only loaded when needed, and avoids the need to check for the existence of the object each time, since once "foo" has been set, "get_foo" will not be called again.]==] local m_data local function get_data() m_data, get_data = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/script utilities/data"), nil return m_data end --[=[ Modules used: [[Module:Wt/mnc/script utilities/data]] [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts]] [[Module:Wt/mnc/anchors]] (only when IDs present) [[Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities]] (only when hyphens in Korean text or spaces in vertical text) [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages]] [[Module:Wt/mnc/parameters]] [[Module:Wt/mnc/utilities]] [[Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track]] ]=] function export.is_Latin_script(sc) -- Latn, Latf, Latg, pjt-Latn return sc:getCode():find("Lat") and true or false end --[==[{{temp|#invoke:script utilities|lang_t}} This is used by {{temp|lang}} to wrap portions of text in a language tag. See there for more information.]==] do local function get_args(frame) return process_params(frame:getParent().args, { [1] = {required = true, type = "language", default = "und"}, [2] = {required = true, allow_empty = true, default = ""}, ["sc"] = {type = "script"}, ["face"] = true, ["class"] = true, }) end function export.lang_t(frame) local args = get_args(frame) local lang = args[1] local sc = args["sc"] local text = args[2] local cats = {} if sc then -- Track uses of sc parameter. if sc:getCode() == lang:findBestScript(text):getCode() then insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " terms with redundant script codes") else insert(cats, lang:getFullName() .. " terms with non-redundant manual script codes") end else sc = lang:findBestScript(text) end text = embedded_language_links{ term = text, lang = lang, sc = sc } cats = #cats > 0 and format_categories(cats, lang, "-", nil, nil, sc) or "" local face = args["face"] local class = args["class"] return export.tag_text(text, lang, sc, face, class) .. cats end end -- Ustring turns on the codepoint-aware string matching. The basic string function -- should be used for simple sequences of characters, Ustring function for -- sets – []. local function trackPattern(text, pattern, tracking) if pattern and umatch(text, pattern) then track("script/" .. tracking) end end local function track_text(text, lang, sc) if lang and text then local langCode = lang:getFullCode() -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/ang/acute]] if langCode == "ang" then local decomposed = toNFD(text) local acute = u(0x301) trackPattern(decomposed, acute, "ang/acute") --[=[ [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Greek/wrong-phi]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Greek/wrong-theta]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Greek/wrong-kappa]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Greek/wrong-rho]] ϑ, ϰ, ϱ, ϕ should generally be replaced with θ, κ, ρ, φ. ]=] elseif langCode == "el" or langCode == "grc" then trackPattern(text, "ϑ", "Greek/wrong-theta") trackPattern(text, "ϰ", "Greek/wrong-kappa") trackPattern(text, "ϱ", "Greek/wrong-rho") trackPattern(text, "ϕ", "Greek/wrong-phi") --[=[ [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Ancient Greek/spacing-coronis]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Ancient Greek/spacing-smooth-breathing]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Ancient Greek/wrong-apostrophe]] When spacing coronis and spacing smooth breathing are used as apostrophes, they should be replaced with right single quotation marks (’). ]=] if langCode == "grc" then trackPattern(text, u(0x1FBD), "Ancient Greek/spacing-coronis") trackPattern(text, u(0x1FBF), "Ancient Greek/spacing-smooth-breathing") trackPattern(text, "[" .. u(0x1FBD) .. u(0x1FBF) .. "]", "Ancient Greek/wrong-apostrophe", true) end -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Russian/grave-accent]] elseif langCode == "ru" then local decomposed = toNFD(text) trackPattern(decomposed, u(0x300), "Russian/grave-accent") -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Chuvash/latin-homoglyph]] elseif langCode == "cv" then trackPattern(text, "[ĂăĔĕÇçŸÿ]", "Chuvash/latin-homoglyph") -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Tibetan/trailing-punctuation]] elseif langCode == "bo" then trackPattern(text, "[་།]$", "Tibetan/trailing-punctuation") trackPattern(text, "[་།]%]%]$", "Tibetan/trailing-punctuation") --[=[ [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Thai/broken-ae]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Thai/broken-am]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Thai/wrong-rue-lue]] ]=] elseif langCode == "th" then trackPattern(text, "เ".."เ", "Thai/broken-ae") trackPattern(text, "ํ[่้๊๋]?า", "Thai/broken-am") trackPattern(text, "[ฤฦ]า", "Thai/wrong-rue-lue") --[=[ [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Lao/broken-ae]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Lao/broken-am]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Lao/possible-broken-ho-no]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Lao/possible-broken-ho-mo]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Lao/possible-broken-ho-lo]] ]=] elseif langCode == "lo" then trackPattern(text, "ເ".."ເ", "Lao/broken-ae") trackPattern(text, "ໍ[່້໊໋]?າ", "Lao/broken-am") trackPattern(text, "ຫນ", "Lao/possible-broken-ho-no") trackPattern(text, "ຫມ", "Lao/possible-broken-ho-mo") trackPattern(text, "ຫລ", "Lao/possible-broken-ho-lo") --[=[ [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Lü/broken-ae]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script/Lü/possible-wrong-sequence]] ]=] elseif langCode == "khb" then trackPattern(text, "ᦵ".."ᦵ", "Lü/broken-ae") trackPattern(text, "[ᦀ-ᦫ][ᦵᦶᦷᦺ]", "Lü/possible-wrong-sequence") end end end local function Kore_ruby(...) -- Cache character sets on the first call. local Hang_chars = get_script("Hang"):getCharacters() local Hani_chars = get_script("Hani"):getCharacters() -- Overwrite with the actual function, which is called directly on subsequent calls. function Kore_ruby(txt) return (ugsub(txt, "([%-".. Hani_chars .. "]+)%(([%-" .. Hang_chars .. "]+)%)", "<ruby>%1<rp>(</rp><rt>%2</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>")) end return Kore_ruby(...) end --[==[Wraps the given text in HTML tags with appropriate CSS classes (see [[WT:CSS]]) for the [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages#Language objects|language]] and script. This is required for all non-English text on Wiktionary. The actual tags and CSS classes that are added are determined by the <code>face</code> parameter. It can be one of the following: ; {{code|lua|"term"}} : The text is wrapped in {{code|html|2=<i class="(sc) mention" lang="(lang)">...</i>}}. ; {{code|lua|"head"}} : The text is wrapped in {{code|html|2=<strong class="(sc) headword" lang="(lang)">...</strong>}}. ; {{code|lua|"hypothetical"}} : The text is wrapped in {{code|html|2=<span class="hypothetical-star">*</span><i class="(sc) hypothetical" lang="(lang)">...</i>}}. ; {{code|lua|"bold"}} : The text is wrapped in {{code|html|2=<b class="(sc)" lang="(lang)">...</b>}}. ; {{code|lua|nil}} : The text is wrapped in {{code|html|2=<span class="(sc)" lang="(lang)">...</span>}}. The optional <code>class</code> parameter can be used to specify an additional CSS class to be added to the tag.]==] function export.tag_text(text, lang, sc, face, class, id) if not sc then if lang then sc = lang:findBestScript(text) else sc = find_best_script_without_lang(text) end end track_text(text, lang, sc) -- Replace space characters with newlines in Mongolian-script text, which is written top-to-bottom. if sc:getDirection():find("vertical", nil, true) and text:find(" ", nil, true) then text = munge_text(text, function(txt) -- having extra parentheses makes sure only the first return value gets through return (txt:gsub(" +", "<br>")) end) end -- Hack Korean script text to remove hyphens. -- FIXME: This should be handled in a more general fashion, but needs to -- be efficient by not doing anything if no hyphens are present, and currently this is the only -- language needing such processing. -- 20220221: Also convert 漢字(한자) to ruby, instead of needing [[Template:Ruby]]. if sc:getCode() == "Kore" and text:match("[%-()g]") then local title, display = require("Module:Wt/mnc/links").get_wikilink_parts(text, true) if title ~= nil then -- special case that the text is a single link, do not munge and preserve affix hyphens if lang and lang:getCode() == "okm" then -- Middle Korean code from [[User:Chom.kwoy]] -- Comment from [[User:Lunabunn]]: -- In Middle Korean orthography, syllable formation is phonemic as opposed to morpheme-boundary-based a la -- modern Korean. As such, for example, if you were to write nam-i, it would be rendered as na.mi so if you -- then put na-mi to indicate particle boundaries as in modern Korean, the hyphen would be misplaced. -- Previously, this was alleviated by specialcasing na--mi but [[User:Theknightwho]] made that resolve to - -- in the Hangul (previously we used to just delete all -s in Hangul processing), so it broke. -- [[User:Chom.kwoy]] implemented a different solution, which is writing -> instead using however many >s to -- shift the hyphen by that number of letters in the romanization. -- By the time we are called, > signs have been converted to &gt; by a call to encode_entities() in -- make_link() in [[Module:Wt/mnc/links]] (near the bottom of the function). -- 'g' in Middle Korean is a special sign to treat the following ㅇ sign as /G/ instead of null. display = display:gsub("&gt;", ""):gsub("g", "") end if display:find("<") then display = munge_text(display, function(txt) txt = txt:gsub("(.)%-(%-?)(.)", "%1%2%3") return Kore_ruby(txt) end) else display = display:gsub("(.)%-(%-?)(.)", "%1%2%3") display = Kore_ruby(display) end text = "[[" .. title .. "|" .. display .. "]]" else text = munge_text(text, function(txt) if lang and lang:getCode() == "okm" then txt = txt:gsub("&gt;", ""):gsub("g", "") end if txt == text then -- special case for the entire text being plain txt = txt:gsub("(.)%-(%-?)(.)", "%1%2%3") else txt = txt:gsub("%-(%-?)", "%1") end return Kore_ruby(txt) end) end end if sc:getCode() == "Image" then face = nil end if face == "hypothetical" then -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script-utilities/face/hypothetical]] track("script-utilities/face/hypothetical") end local data = (m_data or get_data()).faces[face or "plain"] if data == nil then error('Invalid script face "' .. face .. '".') end local tag = data.tag local opening_tag = {tag} if lang and id then insert(opening_tag, 'id="' .. language_anchor(lang, id) .. '"') end local classes = {data.class} -- if the script code is hyphenated (i.e. language code-script code, add the last component as a class as well) -- e.g. ota-Arab adds both Arab and ota-Arab as classes if sc:getCode():find("-", nil, true) then insert(classes, 1, (ugsub(sc:getCode(), ".+%-", ""))) insert(classes, 2, sc:getCode()) else insert(classes, 1, sc:getCode()) end if class and class ~= '' then insert(classes, class) end insert(opening_tag, 'class="' .. concat(classes, ' ') .. '"') -- FIXME: Is it OK to insert the etymology-only lang code and have it fall back to the first part of the -- lang code (by chopping off the '-...' part)? It seems the :lang() selector does this; not sure about -- [lang=...] attributes. if lang then insert(opening_tag, 'lang="' .. lang:getFullCode() .. '"') end -- Add a script wrapper return (data.prefix or "") .. "<" .. concat(opening_tag, " ") .. ">" .. text .. "</" .. tag .. ">" end --[==[Tags the transliteration for given text {translit} and language {lang}. It will add the language, script subtag (as defined in [https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt BCP 47 2.2.3]) and [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/dir dir] (directional) attributes as needed. The optional <code>kind</code> parameter can be one of the following: ; {{code|lua|"term"}} : tag transliteration for {{temp|mention}} ; {{code|lua|"usex"}} : tag transliteration for {{temp|usex}} ; {{code|lua|"head"}} : tag transliteration for {{temp|head}} ; {{code|lua|"default"}} : default The optional <code>attributes</code> parameter is used to specify additional HTML attributes for the tag.]==] function export.tag_translit(translit, lang, kind, attributes, is_manual) if type(lang) == "table" then -- FIXME: Do better support for etym languages; see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt lang = lang.getFullCode and lang:getFullCode() or error("Second argument to tag_translit should be a language code or language object.") end local data = (m_data or get_data()).translit[kind or "default"] local tag = data.tag local opening_tag = {tag} local class = data.class if lang == "ja" then insert(opening_tag, 'class="' .. (class and (class .. " ") or "") .. (is_manual and "manual-tr " or "") .. 'tr"') else insert(opening_tag, 'lang="' .. lang .. '-Latn"') insert(opening_tag, 'class="' .. (class and (class .. " ") or "") .. (is_manual and "manual-tr " or "") .. 'tr Latn"') end local dir = data.dir if dir then insert(opening_tag, 'dir="' .. dir .. '"') end if attributes then track("tag_translit/attributes") insert(opening_tag, attributes) end return "<" .. concat(opening_tag, " ") .. ">" .. translit .. "</" .. tag .. ">" end function export.tag_transcription(transcription, lang, kind, attributes) if type(lang) == "table" then -- FIXME: Do better support for etym languages; see https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt lang = lang.getFullCode and lang:getFullCode() or error("Second argument to tag_transcription should be a language code or language object.") end local data = (m_data or get_data()).transcription[kind or "default"] local tag = data.tag local opening_tag = {tag} local class = data.class if lang == "ja" then insert(opening_tag, 'class="' .. (class and (class .. " ") or "") .. 'ts"') else insert(opening_tag, 'lang="' .. lang .. '-Latn"') insert(opening_tag, 'class="' .. (class and (class .. " ") or "") .. 'ts Latn"') end local dir = data.dir if dir then insert(opening_tag, 'dir="' .. dir .. '"') end if attributes then track("tag_transcription/attributes") insert(opening_tag, attributes) end return "<" .. concat(opening_tag, " ") .. ">" .. transcription .. "</" .. tag .. ">" end --[==[Tags {def} as a definition. The <code>def</code> parameter must be one of the following: ; {{code|lua|"gloss"}} : The text is wrapped in {{code|html|2=<span class="(mention-gloss">...</span>}}. ; {{code|lua|"non-gloss"}} : The text is wrapped in {{code|html|2=<span class="use-with-mention">...</span>}}. The optional <code>attributes</code> parameter is used to specify additional HTML attributes for the tag.]==] function export.tag_definition(def, kind, attributes) local data = (m_data or get_data()).definition[kind] if data == nil then error("Second argument to tag_definition should specify the kind of definition from the list in [[Module:Wt/mnc/script utilities/data]].") end local tag = data.tag local opening_tag = {tag} local class = data.class if class then insert(opening_tag, 'class="' .. class .. '"') end if attributes then insert(opening_tag, attributes) end return "<" .. concat(opening_tag, " ") .. ">" .. def .. "</" .. tag .. ">" end --[==[Generates a request to provide a term in its native script, if it is missing. This is used by the {{temp|rfscript}} template as well as by the functions in [[Module:Wt/mnc/links]]. The function will add entries to one of the subcategories of [[:Category:Requests for native script by language]], and do several checks on the given language and script. In particular: * If the script was given, a subcategory named "Requests for (script) script" is added, but only if the language has more than one script. Otherwise, the main "Requests for native script" category is used. * Nothing is added at all if the language has no scripts other than Latin and its varieties.]==] function export.request_script(lang, sc, usex, nocat, sort_key) local scripts = lang.getScripts and lang:getScripts() or error('The language "' .. lang:getCode() .. '" does not have the method getScripts. It may be unwritten.') -- By default, request for "native" script local cat_script = "native" local disp_script = "script" -- If the script was not specified, and the language has only one script, use that. if not sc and #scripts == 1 then sc = scripts[1] end -- Is the script known? if sc and sc:getCode() ~= "None" then -- If the script is Latin, return nothing. if export.is_Latin_script(sc) then return "" end if (not scripts[1]) or sc:getCode() ~= scripts[1]:getCode() then disp_script = sc:getCanonicalName() end -- The category needs to be specific to script only if there is chance of ambiguity. This occurs when when the language has multiple scripts (or with codes such as "und"). if (not scripts[1]) or scripts[2] then cat_script = sc:getCanonicalName() end else -- The script is not known. -- Does the language have at least one non-Latin script in its list? local has_nonlatin = false for _, val in ipairs(scripts) do if not export.is_Latin_script(val) then has_nonlatin = true break end end -- If there are no non-Latin scripts, return nothing. if not has_nonlatin and lang:getCode() ~= "und" then return "" end end -- Etymology languages have their own categories, whose parents are the regular language. return "<small>[" .. disp_script .. " needed]</small>" .. (nocat and "" or format_categories("Requests for " .. cat_script .. " script " .. (usex and "in" or "for") .. " " .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. " " .. (usex == "quote" and "quotations" or usex and "usage examples" or "terms"), lang, sort_key ) ) end --[==[This is used by {{temp|rfscript}}. See there for more information.]==] function export.template_rfscript(frame) local boolean = {type = "boolean"} local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, { [1] = {required = true, type = "language", default = "und"}, ["sc"] = {type = "script"}, ["usex"] = boolean, ["quote"] = boolean, ["nocat"] = boolean, ["sort"] = true, }) local ret = export.request_script(args[1], args["sc"], args.quote and "quote" or args.usex, args.nocat, args.sort) if ret == "" then error("This language is written in the Latin alphabet. It does not need a native script.") end return ret end function export.checkScript(text, scriptCode, result) local scriptObject = get_script(scriptCode) if not scriptObject then error('The script code "' .. scriptCode .. '" is not recognized.') end local originalText = text -- Remove non-letter characters. text = ugsub(text, "%A+", "") -- Remove all characters of the script in question. text = ugsub(text, "[" .. scriptObject:getCharacters() .. "]+", "") if text ~= "" then if type(result) == "string" then error(result) else error('The text "' .. originalText .. '" contains the letters "' .. text .. '" that do not belong to the ' .. scriptObject:getDisplayForm() .. '.', 2) end end end return export en2y9q4n6w89qq6g1pu0g84p1j70jgd 828 3786206 7240492 2026-07-05T21:38:22Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local data = {} local translit = { ["term"] = { --[=[ can't be done until Kana transliterations are correctly parsed by [[Module:Wt/mnc/links]] ["tag"] = "i", ]=] ["class"] = "mention-tr", }, ["usex"] = { ["tag"] = "i", ["class"] = "e-transliteration", }, ["head"] = { ["class"] = "headword-tr", ["dir"] = "ltr", }, ["default"] = {}, } for _, v in next, translit do if not v.tag then v.tag = "span" end end data.translit = translit data.transc..." 7240492 Scribunto text/plain local data = {} local translit = { ["term"] = { --[=[ can't be done until Kana transliterations are correctly parsed by [[Module:Wt/mnc/links]] ["tag"] = "i", ]=] ["class"] = "mention-tr", }, ["usex"] = { ["tag"] = "i", ["class"] = "e-transliteration", }, ["head"] = { ["class"] = "headword-tr", ["dir"] = "ltr", }, ["default"] = {}, } for _, v in next, translit do if not v.tag then v.tag = "span" end end data.translit = translit data.transcription = { ["head"] = { ["tag"] = "span", ["class"] = "headword-ts", ["dir"] = "ltr", }, ["usex"] = { ["tag"] = "span", ["class"] = "e-transcription", }, ["default"] = {}, } data.definition = { ["gloss"] = { ["tag"] = "span", ["class"] = "mention-gloss", }, ["non-gloss"] = { ["tag"] = "span", ["class"] = "use-with-mention", }, } local faces = { ["term"] = { ["tag"] = "i", ["class"] = "mention", }, ["head"] = { ["tag"] = "strong", ["class"] = "headword", }, ["hypothetical"] = { ["prefix"] = '<span class="hypothetical-star">*</span>', ["tag"] = "i", ["class"] = "hypothetical", }, ["bold"] = { ["tag"] = "b", }, ["plain"] = { ["tag"] = "span", } } faces["translation"] = faces["plain"] data.faces = faces return data 0ozwsagftnkp23l4ao1vlpclr75h530 10 3786207 7240493 2026-07-05T21:39:40Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/mnc/zh/link|link}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>" 7240493 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/mnc/zh/link|link}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> dmxus5nwhnw54412n14gqe8bbzvhwid 0 3786208 7240494 2026-07-05T21:41:23Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=职务}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hafan|hafan]]; [[Wt/mnc/tušan|tušan]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240494 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=职务}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hafan|hafan]]; [[Wt/mnc/tušan|tušan]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] 48q7vzruejsolppqti7xyrj0lzi2ezo 0 3786209 7240495 2026-07-05T21:41:45Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=事务}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/baita|baita]]" 7240495 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=事务}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/baita|baita]] j4qmjh0317ng7b4cg40wjbysw55vbgp 10 3786210 7240496 2026-07-05T21:41:59Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/mnc/place|show}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>" 7240496 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/mnc/place|show}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 2u49br5e7ooee15sg37fqu6i4efhpvk 0 3786211 7240497 2026-07-05T21:42:05Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=事情}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/baita|baita]]; [[Wt/mnc/weile|weile]]; [[Wt/mnc/jaka|jaka]]; [[Wt/mnc/nashūn|nashūn]]" 7240497 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=事情}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/baita|baita]]; [[Wt/mnc/weile|weile]]; [[Wt/mnc/jaka|jaka]]; [[Wt/mnc/nashūn|nashūn]] 2l6jkgxnj4axvc55q1cvz23ltxztjnw 0 3786212 7240498 2026-07-05T21:42:21Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=地区}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/ba|ba]]; [[Wt/mnc/golo|golo]]" 7240498 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=地区}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/ba|ba]]; [[Wt/mnc/golo|golo]] i8if6flam62renryuje76962iyy08ea 0 3786213 7240499 2026-07-05T21:42:39Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=麻雀}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/cecike|cecike]]" 7240499 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=麻雀}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/cecike|cecike]] 8bzoz0jegjcskk14z8ce10a2n7242x8 828 3786214 7240500 2026-07-05T21:42:48Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local force_cat = false -- set to true for testing local m_placetypes = require("Module:place/placetypes") local m_links = require("Module:links") local memoize = require("Module:memoize") local m_strutils = require("Module:string utilities") local m_table = require("Module:table") local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities" local form_of_module = "Module:form of" local languages_module = "Module:..." 7240500 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local force_cat = false -- set to true for testing local m_placetypes = require("Module:place/placetypes") local m_links = require("Module:links") local memoize = require("Module:memoize") local m_strutils = require("Module:string utilities") local m_table = require("Module:table") local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities" local form_of_module = "Module:form of" local languages_module = "Module:languages" local parse_interface_module = "Module:parse interface" local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local parameter_utilities_module = "Module:parameter utilities" local utilities_module = "Module:utilities" local enlang = require(languages_module).getByCode("en") local rmatch = m_strutils.match local rfind = m_strutils.find local ulen = m_strutils.len local split = m_strutils.split local dump = mw.dumpObject local insert = table.insert local concat = table.concat local pluralize = require(en_utilities_module).pluralize local extend = m_table.extend local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility local internal_error = m_placetypes.internal_error local process_error = m_placetypes.process_error local placetype_data = m_placetypes.placetype_data --[==[ intro: ===Introduction=== This module implements {{tl|place}}, which is a template for standardizing the description and categorization of toponyms (terms that refer to locations such as cities, countries, rivers, etc.). The following modules support this template: * [[Module:place]]: The main module. * [[Module:place/placetypes]]: A module containing data on placetypes, as well as utilities for working with placetypes; category generation handlers for adding categories based on placetypes; and display handlers for displaying holonyms (i.e. containing locations) of a specific type. FIXME: Maybe split out the code from the data. * [[Module:place/locations]]: A module containing data on known locations, as well as utilities for working with such locations. FIXME: Maybe split out the code from the data. * [[Module:category tree/topic/Places]]: A category tree module for generating the descriptions of all categories generated by {{tl|place}}. * [[Module:place doc]]: A module that generates documentation tables describing known placetypes and locations. ===Basic terminology=== The basic terminology used in this and associated {{tl|place}} modules is: * A ''location'' (or equivalently, a ''place'') is any geographic feature (either natural or geopolitical), either on the surface of the Earth or elsewhere. Examples of types of natural places are rivers, mountains, seas and moons; examples of types of geopolitical places are cities, countries, neighborhoods and roads. A ''known location'' is specifically a location whose properties are specified in the {{tl|place}} modules; more on them below. * Specific places are identified by names, referred to as ''toponyms'' or ''placenames''. A given place will often have multiple names, and a given toponym may be ambiguous, referring to multiple possible locations. Specifically: ** There may be names including different amounts of disambiguating information (`Tucson` vs. `Tucson, Arizona` vs. `Tucson, Arizona, USA` or `New York` vs. `New York City` vs. `New York, New York`); abbreviations (`NYC` for `New York City`, `USA` for `United States of America`); ''official'' vs. ''short'' names (e.g. `Union of Soviet Socialist Republics` vs. `Soviet Union`); spelling variations (`Cracow` vs. `Krakow` vs. `Kraków`); current vs. former names (`Saint Petersburg` vs. `Leningrad` vs. `Petrograd`); [[exonym]]s vs. [[endonym]]s (e.g. `Tavastia Proper` vs. `Kanta-Häme`, both referring to the same administrative region in Finland); alternative names not due to any of the above reasons (`Bashkiria` vs. `Bashkortostan`); etc. In addition, each language that has an opportunity to refer to the place will have its own name, with the same sorts of variations as exist in English. ** Examples of ambiguous toponyms are `New York` (either a city or a state); `Georgia` (either a state of the US or an independent country in the Caucasus Mountains); `Paris` (either the capital of France or various small cities and towns in the US); `Mexico` (either a country, a state of that country, or the capital city of that country); and `San Antonio` (besides being a major city in Texas, it is the name of dozens of settlements of all sorts throughout the US and Latin America, and a least 181 distinct [[barangay]]s in the Philippines). * A ''placetype'' is the (or a) type that a location belongs to (e.g. `city`, `state`, `river`, `administrative region`, `[[regional county municipality]]`, etc.). ** It is common for locations to be described using multiple placetypes, and even sometimes known locations have multiple placetypes that they may be identified by (e.g. American Samoa can be identified either as an `unincorporated territory`, an `overseas territory` or just a `territory`). Both the {{tl|place}} template and the known location data allow a given location to be identified by multiple placetypes. When in doubt as to the correct placetype or placetypes for a given location, generally follow how Wikipedia describes the place. ** Some placetypes themselves are ambiguous; e.g. an ''area'' can variously refer to a top-level administrative division (specifically of Kuwait); a geographic region, generally without unambiguously defined borders; or a section of a city, similar to a neighborhood. The term ''district'' is similarly ambiguous. A ''[[prefecture]]'' in the context of Japan is similar to a province, but a prefecture in France is the capital of a ''[[department]]'' (which is similar to a county). Some of this ambiguity is currently handled automatically; e.g. the ambiguity of areas and districts is handled by looking at the ''holonyms'', or containing locations, specified for a given place. But sometimes it is necessary to use a qualifier before the placetype to disambiguate; for example to refer to a French prefecture, use the placetype `French prefecture` instead of just `prefecture`. (FIXME: Handle this automatically.) * A ''holonym'', in the context of a description of a place, is a placename that refers to a larger-sized entity that contains the location being described. For example, `Arizona` and `United States` are holonyms of `Tucson`, and `United States` is a holonym of `Arizona`. * A ''place invocation'' consists of the invocation of {{tl|place}}, including all its parameters. Place invocations may contain one or more ''place descriptions'', each of which provides a description of the location, including its placetype or types, any holonyms, and any additional raw text needed to properly explain the place in context. Place invocations may also contain named parameters specifying zero or more English ''glosses'' or translations (for foreign-language toponyms) and any attached ''extra information'' such as the capital, largest city, official name, modern name or full name. Multiple place descriptions in a single invocation are separated by a numbered parameter starting with a semicolon, and are used when it is necessary to provide two or more definitions of a single location for proper categorization. For example, [[Vatican City]] is defined both as a city-state in Southern Europe and as an enclave within the city of Rome, follows: : {{tl|place|en|city-state|r/Southern Europe|;,|an <<enclave>> within the city of [[Rome]], [[Italy]]|cat=Places in Rome|official=Vatican City State}}. Similar things need to be done for places like [[Crimea]] that are claimed by two different countries with different definitions and administrative structures. ** There are two types of place descriptions, ''new-style'' and ''old-style''. (The use of the terms "new" and "old" indicates chronological precedence in the development of {{tl|place}}, but is not meant to pass any value judgments on the two types, and does not indicate any intent to deprecate old-style descriptions. Both types of descriptions are useful; for example, old-style descriptions are generally more succinct but less flexible.) The above invocation shows both types: an old-style description followed by a new-style description. Old style descriptions use multiple numbered parameters, where the first parameter (after the language code) specifies the placetype or types, and following parameters specify either holonyms (which are always of the form ` ``placetype``/``placename`` `) or raw text (which is identifiable by not having a slash in it). New-style descriptions use a single parameter, where both placetypes and holonyms are surrounded by double angle brackets, and all remaining text is raw (displayed as-is). In both types of descriptions, holonyms include a slash in them to separate the placetype (which is mandatory and often abbreviated) from the placename. ** In the context of a place description, there are two types of placetypes. The ''entry placetypes'' are the placetypes of the place being described, while the ''holonym placetypes'' are the placetypes of the holonyms that the place being described is located within. Currently, a given place can have multiple placetypes specified (e.g. [[Normandy]] is specified using the ''compound placetype'' `administrative region/former province/and/medieval kingdom`) while a given holonym can have only one placetype associated with it. Holonym placetypes are frequently abbreviated (e.g. `r` for `region`, `s` for `state`, `co` for `county`, etc.), while stylistically it is preferred to spell out the entry placetype (except for some long placetypes with well-known abbreviations, such as `CDP` or `cdp` for `[[census-designated place]]`). ** All holonyms in place descriptions are automatically linked as if surrounded by {{tl|l|en|...}}; i.e. if double brackets do not occur in the holonym, the entire holonym will be linked to the corresponding Wiktionary article. For this reason, the holonym should generally be in the same format as the canonical Wiktionary article describing the location; see below). * A ''known location'' is a location whose properties are specifically defined in the {{tl|place}} modules. Generally each such location has an associated category, and known locations exist in a containment hierarchy, where the immediately containing known location is known as the ''container'' of the location and the chain of successive containing locations is known as the ''container trail''. Generally the location's container corresponds to the first parent of its category. Note that some known locations belong to more than one immediate container; for example, Russia belongs to both Europe and Asia. ===More about placetypes=== # The following general categories of placetypes exist: ## ''Natural features'' such as lakes, mountains, mountain ranges, islands, archipelagoes, moons, stars, asteroids, etc. ## ''Continents'', ''supercontinents'' (groupings of continents where it makes sense, such as `America` and `Eurasia`) and ''continent-level regions'' (grouping of countries in a given continent, such as `Central America` and `Polynesia`). ## ''Political entities'', which are generally classified as either ''polities'' (top-level entities such as countries), ''subpolities'' or ''political divisions'' (non-sovereign divisions, often specifically ''administrative divisions'', of a polity, where an administrative division has a governmental or statistical function and almost always has unambiguously defined boundaries), or ''settlements'' (e.g. cities; towns; villages; and divisions of a city such as neighborhoods, wards, [[barrio]]s and [[barangay]]s, which may or may not be formal administrative divisions and may or may not have unambiguous boundaries). ## ''Geographic regions'', which refer to recognized areas of the Earth (either with a natural geographic, political or cultural significance, often of a historical nature). Such regions can be of greatly varying size, may exist either within a single country or spanning multiple countries or (more often) parts of multiple countries, and may not have well-defined boundaries. They should be distinguished from ''administrative regions'', which exist within a single country and have well-defined boundaries and a political or administrative function. Geographic regions are categorized using the generic term ''geographic and cultural areas'' to emphasize that (a) they have no administrative significance; (b) they may vary greatly in size; and (c) their cohesion is due either to natural geographic boundaries, such as rivers or mountain ranges, or to sharing some cultural characteristics. ## ''Man-made structures'' below the level of a settlement or neighborhood, such as airports, roads, individual buildings, and the like. (Note that such structures, even if named, often do not meet the [[WT:CFI]] criteria; this is particularly the case for roads.) # Placetypes support aliases, and the mapping to canonical form happens early on in the processing. For example, `state` can be abbreviated as `s`; `administrative region` as `adr`; `regional county municipality` as `rcomun`; etc. Some placetype aliases handle alternative spellings rather than abbreviations. For example, `departmental capital` maps to `department capital`, and `home-rule city` maps to `home rule city`. Placetype abbreviations are particularly useful in holonym specs, because every holonym must be accompanied by its placetype, for disambiguation purposes. # A ''placetype qualifier'' is an adjective prepended to the placetype to give additional information about the place being described. For example, a given place may be described as a `small city`; logically this is still a city, but the qualifier `small` gives additional information about the place. Multiple qualifiers can be stacked, e.g. `small affluent beachfront unincorporated community`, where `unincorporated community` is a recognized placetype and `small`, `affluent` and `beachfront` are qualifiers. (As shown here, it may not always be obvious where the qualifiers end and the placetype begins.) For the most part, placetype qualifiers do not affect categorization; a `small city` is still a city and an `affluent beachfront unincorporated community` is still an unincorporated community, and both should still be categorized as such. But some qualifiers do change the categorization. In particular, a `former province` is no longer a province and should not be categorized in e.g. [[:Category:Provinces of Italy]], but instead in a different set of categories, e.g. [[:Category:Historical political subdivisions]]. There are several terms treated as equivalent for this purpose: `abandoned` `ancient`, `extinct`, `historic(al)`, `medi(a)eval` and `traditional`. Another set of qualifiers that change categorization are `fictional` and `mythological`, which cause any term using the qualifier to be categorized respectively into [[:Category:Fictional locations]] and [[:Category:Mythological locations]]. ===More about toponyms=== # Toponyms may be: ## ''simple'' (not including any containing location in its name, such as `Tucson`) or ''multipart'' (including one or more containing locations, such as `Tucson, Arizona` or `Tucson, USA` or even `Tucson, Arizona, USA`); ## ''bare'' (not including the word `the` if the location normally requires this article when following a preposition, such as `United States`, `Gambia` or 'Community of Madrid') or ''prefixed'' (including the word `the` as needed, such as `the United States`, `the Gambia` or `the Community of Madrid`); ## ''elliptical'' (just the placename without any disambiguating placetype, such as `Durham`, `New York` or `Mexico`) or ''full'' (containing a disambiguating placetype or similar identifier if one is commonly included, such as the city of `Durham` (in England) vs. its containing county `County Durham`; the US city `New York City` vs. its containing state `New York`; or the three-way distinction between `Mexico` (the country), `Mexico City` (the capital of this country) and `(the) State of Mexico` (one of the states of the country Mexico, mostly surrounding but not including Mexico City)). # The ''canonical Wiktionary article'' is the main article on Wiktionary where a location is described. Canonical articles, per the above terminology, are generally ''simple'' and ''bare'', but may be either ''full'' or ''elliptical''. The fact that a given article is canonical is often identifiable by the fact that translations are housed there an not somewhere else. For example, most counties of the US and Canada include the word `County` in their canonical article name, but most counties elsewhere do not. `Washington, D.C.` is one of the few cases where a non-simple toponym is used as the canonical article; this is based on common usage, especially by residents of the city in question (who commonly refer to it as "D.C." but rarely just as "Washington"). ===More about known locations=== # The following types of known locations are defined in this module: ## Continents, supercontinents and continent-level regions, into which countries are grouped. Specifically: ### At the top level below `Earth` are the supercontinents `America` and `Eurasia` and the continents `Africa`, `Oceania` and `Antartica`. ### `America` is further broken down into the continents `North America` (in turn containing the continental regions `Central America` and `Caribbean`, with the United States, Canada and Mexico directly under North America) and `South America`. ### `Eurasia` is further broken down into the continents `Europe` and `Asia`. ### `Oceania` is further broken down into the continental regions `Melanesia`, `Micronesia` and `Polynesia`, with Australia` directly under `Oceania. ### Under the above-specified divisions are countries. Some countries are placed in more than one continent or continent-level region, either because they actually span two continents (e.g. Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Egypt) or because they are politically considered to belong to a continent different from the one they are geographically in (Cyprus, Georgia, Armenia, etc.). ## Political entities, including: ### Top-level political entities, which includes: #### Countries, with a fairly liberal definition, notably including all UN-recognized countries plus some others that are commonly considered countries, even if not all other countries recognize them as such or consider them completely independent (notably, Kosovo, Palestine, Taiwan, Western Sahara, Niue and the Cook Islands). #### Pseudo-countries, which include areas calling themselves countries that are de-facto not under the control of the country that they are internationally considered part of (e.g. Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria); dependent/external/etc. territories of countries (e.g. American Samoa [US], Bermuda [UK], Christmas Island [Australia], Easter Island [Chile]); constituent countries, autonomous territories and the like (Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten of the Netherlands; Greenland and the Faroe Islands of Denmark; etc.; but notably not including England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales, which are treated as regular countries); and a grab bag of other entities that have a semi-independent existence, such as Hong Kong, Macau, Guadeloupe, Martinique and the like. Currently, the actual distinction in treatment between "countries" and "country-like entities" is minimal, but in the future we might restrict the sorts of subcategories of country-like entities more than regular countries. #### Former countries, e.g. the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, West Germany and the Roman Empire. These are much more limited in the sorts of subcategories allowed, because generally locations, especially cities, should be described from the perspective of which political entity they are currently located in (e.g. "an ancient Roman town in modern Syria") and categorized as such. ### Subpolities. Generally we only list top-level administrative divisions of countries (and only fairly major countries are usually included), but sometimes we list second-level administrative divisions, as in the case of the United Kingdom (where the top-level administrative divisions of the four constituent countries are listed) and China (where major prefecture-level cities are listed, and are considered administrative divisions rather than cities). ### Cities. Only major cities get categories, with the definition of "major" varying by country but often including those where the city population itself (sometimes the metro area) is >= 1,000,000 people. # A distinction should be made in the {{tl|place}} modules between ''keys'' and ''placenames''. Placenames are as the location appears in a holonym, and are generally in the same format as the canonical Wiktionary article describing the location so that when formatted as a link, the link goes to the right article; i.e. they are simple and bare, and may be full or elliptical according to Wiktionary conventions. The ''canonical key'' of a location is how the location's category is named, and always uniquely identifies the location from among the known locations in this module (but not necessarily among all possible locations). In particular, subpolities usually have multipart keys that include the containing location, such as `Anhui, China` (not just `Anhui`); `Arizona, USA` (not just `Arizona`, and also not `Arizona, United States`); and `Herefordshire, England` (not just `Herefordshire`, and also in this case not `Herefordshire, UK` or `Herefordshire, England, UK` or any other possible variation). Cities are normally simple, but some cities are multipart for disambiguation purposes (e.g. `Newcastle, New South Wales` for the city in Australia vs. `Newcastle upon Tyne` for the identically-named city in England). Canonical keys may have ''key aliases'', other ways of referring to the location that are not necessarily unique (e.g. `Newcastle` is a key alias for both of the above-mentioned cities), and city keys with diacritics generally have diacriticless aliases, such as canonical key `Düsseldorf` vs. key alias `Dusseldorf`, or canonical key `Łódź` vs. key alias `Lodz`. # Known locations are gathered into ''groups'' with similar properties, such as all the states of the United States; all the (ceremonial) counties of England (see below); and all the "sufficiently major" prefecture-level cities in China (where a prefecture-level city is a prefecture surrounding a major city with a unified government and is more like a prefecture, i.e. a major administrative division just underneath a province, than like a city, and where "sufficiently major" is defined according to the population of either the total prefecture or the urban area of the city). Note that there are multiple types of counties in England, with overlapping but non-identical names and boundaries; there are, in particular, ''ceremonial counties'', ''local government counties'' and ''historic counties''; ''ceremonial counties'' have only ceremonial administrative functionality but unlike local government counties (a) don't frequently change their boundaries or nature, (b) correspond more closely to historic county boundaries and names, and (c) are what Englanders usually identify themselves with, and so they are used as top-level divisions rather than local government counties. # Some known locations have ''aliases'' defined, which are of two types. ''Display aliases'' map holonyms to their canonical form near the beginning of processing (in particular before the displayed output is formatted). For example, `US`, `U.S.`, `USA`, `U.S.A.` and `United States of America` are all canonicalized to `United States` (if identified as a country), and display as `United States`. Similarly, the foreign forms `Occitanie` (as a region or administrative region) and `Noord-Brabant` (as a province) are mapped to `Occitania` and `North Brabant` for display purposes. There are also ''category aliases'', so that if e.g. `Republic of Macedonia` is encountered, it will display as such but categorize as `North Macedonia`. (This is because, among other reasons, `Republic of Macedonia` is normally preceded by `"the"` while `North Macedonia` is not, so a call {{tl|place|en|a <<city>> in the <<c/Republic of Macedonia>>}} would look wrong if `Republic of Macedonia` were converted to `North Macedonia` during display, as the result would be `a city in the North Macedonia`. There are also frequently political connotations to different category aliases, e.g. `Burma` vs. `Myanmar`.) All of these aliases are sensitive to the placetype specified. For example, `Mexico` as a state is categorized under `State of Mexico, Mexico` but `Mexico` the country is categorized as just `Mexico`. ===Categories=== There are two main types of categories: # Categories for known locations, divided into: ## Top-level polity categories (e.g. [[:Category:United States]], [[:Category:Taiwan]], [[:Category:South Ossetia]], [[:Category:Bermuda]], [[:Category:Soviet Union]], [[:Category:West Germany]]). ## Subpolity categories ([[:Category:Arizona, USA]], [[:Category:Hunan]], [[:Category:Kagoshima Prefecture]], [[:Category:Cluj County, Romania]]). For historical reasons, different formats are used for the subpolities of different polities. Increasingly, we are moving towards always including the polity name in the subpolity category, but whether the subpolity type is included and where it is included (cf. [[:Category:Cluj County, Romania]] vs. [[:Category:County Cork, Ireland]] is still inconsistent and will probably remain that way, based on how the subpolity is normally referred to. ## City categories ([[:Category:Tokyo]], [[:Category:New York City]], [[:Category:Jaipur]]). Normally these do not include the containing subpolity, but may do so in order to disambiguate. # Categories for placetypes, divided into: ## "Immediate" political and non-political division categories ([[:Category:States of the United States]], [[:Category:Municipalities of Tocantins, Brazil]], [[:Category:Ghost towns in Arizona, USA]]). These are name categories, whose purpose is to contain locations of the specified type. "Immediate" here refers to the fact that the location in the category name is the immediately-containing polity. Usually these categories use the preposition "of", but sometimes "in". (Specifically, "of" typically implies that the placetype in question has an official or semi-official status, whereas "in" implies there is no such official status, but common usage may override this.) The form of the toponym appearing in these categories is always the same as that of the corresponding toponym category except that the word "the" may appear (e.g. [[:Category:States of the United States]]), whereas it doesn't appear in the toponym category itself ([[:Category:United States]], no "the"). ## "Skip-polity" categories for second-level political and non-political divisions of a country or other top-level polity (e.g. [[:Category:Counties of the United States]], [[:Category:Municipalities of Brazil]] and [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]]). These have several purposes: * They group the immediate division categories mentioned previously. * They categorize "straggler" topoynms that (often improperly) fail to mention the subpolity they belong to, but only the top-level polity. * If categories do not exist for the first-level divisions of a country (and sometimes even when they do), they group all toponyms of the specified type for the specified country. For example, Lithuania is divided into first-level counties and second-level municipalities, but since we don't currently have categories for Lithuanian counties, all municipalities go under [[:Category:Municipalities of Lithuania]] rather than under a category for a specific county. In addition, even though we do have categories for Japanese prefectures (a first-level division), all subprefectures (a second-level division) go under [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]] because there aren't very many of them (see below). ## "Generic placetype" categories, both of the immediate and skip-polity type (immediate [[:Category:Cities in California, USA]] and [[:Category:Neighborhoods of the Bronx]]; skip-polity [[:Category:Villages in Ivory Coast]], [[:Category:Geographic and cultural areas of England]], [[:Category:Rivers in Egypt]] and [[:Category:Places in the Philippines]]). As mentioned above, "generic" placetypes occur in every polity (although the set of generic placetypes allowed for cities is a subset of those allowed for top-level polities and subpolities). Usually these categories use the preposition "in", but sometimes "of". As above, skip-polity categories group immediate categories, and in addition there are various reasons a toponym entry is categorized into a skip-polity category. (For example, as a general rule, geographic and cultural areas only categorize at the country level, not the subpolity level, both because there often aren't very many in a given country and because they often span multiple subpolities.) The parent categories of a given category depend on its type. Generally, location categories have placetype categories as their first parent, and vice-versa. Specifically: # Top-level country categories have as their parent e.g. [[:Category:Countries in Europe]], [[:Category:Countries in Central America]] or [[:Category:Countries in Polynesia]], using the most specific continental-level region the country is contained in. # Pseudo-countries are under [[:Category:Country-like entities]] as a neutral designation. There aren't enough of them to subcategorize under continent-level regions. # Former countries are under [[:Category:Former countries and country-like entities]]. # Subpolity categories are usually under a placetype category whose placetype is the canonical (first-listed) placetype of the subpolity and whose toponym is the immediately containing polity, but there are exceptions. Specifically, sometimes if a polity has multiple types of subpolities, they are combined (e.g. [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]], [[:Category:Federal subjects of Russia]]). In addition, sometimes a less specific but more identifiable placetype is used instead of the canonical one (e.g. [[:Category:Regions of France]] when the canonical placetype is "administrative region"). The same rules and exceptions generally apply when categorizing subpolities themselves; e.g. both the Australian state of Queensland and territory of Northern Territory go under [[:Category:en:States and territories of Australia]] rather than separately under [[:Category:en:States of Australia]] and [[:Category:en:Territories of Australia]]. In addition, sometimes subpolities may "skip a level" if there aren't very many. For example, there are only 26 subprefectures of Japan (14 under Hokkaido and 12 more scattered under five other prefectures). Rather than have e.g. [[:Category:en:Subprefectures of Kagoshima Prefecture]] containing at most two entries and [[:Category:en:Subprefectures of Miyazaki Prefecture]] containing at most one, they are all grouped under the so-called "skip-subpolity category" [[:Category:en:Subprefectures of Japan]]. # City categories are always under e.g. [[:Category:Cities in the United States]] (e.g. [[:Category:New York City]] is so-placed, even though [[:Category:Cities in New York, USA]] exists). However, they may have a second, more-specific parent (e.g. [[:Category:Cities in New York, USA]] in the case of New York City). The city entries themselves will go under the more specific parent if it exists. # Immediate placetype categories for second-level divisions of a country generally have, respectively, a "toponym parent" that is the toponym mentioned in the category and a "skip-polity parent" that groups all subpolity placetype categories of a specific type and containing polity. For example, [[:Category:Counties of Arizona, USA]] has toponym parent [[:Category:en:Arizona, USA]] and skip-polity parent [[:Category:en:Counties of the United States]]. Sometimes the default skip-polity parent is overridden or disabled entirely. For example, in the US, most states are divided into counties but Louisiana is divided into parishes and Alaska into boroughs. It would make no sense to put [[:Category:Parishes of Louisiana, USA]] under [[:Category:Parishes of the United States]] (which would only have one subcategory), so we include them under [[:Category:Counties of the United States]]. An alternative would be to name the skip-polity category to explicitly include parishes and boroughs; this would get awkward here but is done in some cases. Similarly, [[:Category:Regional county municipalities of Quebec]] is placed under [[:Category:Regional municipalities of Canada]] since that name is used in other provinces. Meanwhile, [[:Category:Regional districts of British Columbia]] disables its skip-polity category since no other province or territory of Canada has regional districts or comparable subpolities under a different name (an alternative would be to place them under [[:Category:Counties of Canada]], since they are sort of comparable to counties). # Placetype categories for first-level divisions of a country similarly (e.g. [[:Category:States of the United States]]) have a toponym parent (in this case [[:Category:United States]]), but in place of the skip-polity parent they have two other parents: a "bare placetype" parent (in this case [[:Category:States]]) and the "generic" parent [[:Category:Political divisions of specific countries]]. (There is also a bare [[:Category:Political divisions]] that groups "bare placetype" categories.) Skip-polity placetype categories for second-level divisions of a country (e.g. [[:Category:Counties of the United States]]) work the same. Placetype categories for countries work likewise except they are missing the generic parent. ===Place descriptions=== A given place description is defined internally in a table of the following form: ```{ placetypes = {"``placetype``", "``placetype``", ...}, holonyms = { { -- holonym object; see below placetype = "``placetype``" or nil, display_placename = "``placename``", unlinked_placename = "``placename``", langcode = "``langcode``" or nil, no_display = BOOLEAN, needs_article = BOOLEAN, force_the = BOOLEAN, affix_type = "``affix_type``" or nil, pluralize_affix = BOOLEAN, suppress_affix = BOOLEAN, continue_cat_loop = BOOLEAN, }, ... }, order = { ``order_item``, ``order_item``, ... }, -- (only for new-style place descriptions), joiner = "``joiner_string``" or nil, holonyms_by_placetype = { ``holonym_placetype`` = {"``placename``", "``placename``", ...}, ``holonym_placetype`` = {"``placename``", "``placename``", ...}, ... }, }``` Holonym objects have the following fields: * `placetype`: The canonicalized placetype if specified as e.g. `c/Australia`; nil if no slash is present (in which case the placename in `display_placename` refers to raw text). * `display_placename`: The placename or raw text, in the format to be displayed. Placename display aliases have already been resolved. It is raw text if `placetype` is nil. * `unlinked_placename`: Same as `display_placename` but with links and HTML removed. * `langcode`: The language code prefix if specified as e.g. `c/fr:Australie`; otherwise nil. * `no_display`: If true (holonym prefixed with !), don't display the holonym but use it for categorization. * `needs_article`: If true, prepend an article if the placename needs one (e.g. `United States`). * `force_the`: If true, always prepend the article `the`. Example use: holoynm 'city:pref:the/Gold Coast', which gets formatted as `(the) city of the [[Gold Coast]]`. * `affix_type`: Type of affix to prepend (values `pref` or `Pref`) or append (values `suf` or `Suf`). The actual affix added is the placetype (capitalized if values `Pref` or `Suf` are given), or its plural if `pluralize_affix` is given. Note that some placetypes (e.g. `district` and `department`) have inherent affixes displayed after (or sometimes before) them. * `pluralize_affix`: Pluralize any displayed affix. Used for holonyms like `c:pref/Canada,US`, which displays as `the countries of Canada and the United States`. * `suppress_affix`: Don't display any affix even if the placetype has an inherent affix. Used for the non-last placenames when there are multiple and a suffix is present, and for the non-first placenames when there are multiple and a prefix is present. * `continue_cat_loop`: If true (holonym used :also), continue producing categories starting with this holonym when preceding holonyms generated categories. Note that new-style place descs (those specified as a single argument using <<...>> to denote placetypes, placetype qualifiers and holonyms) have an additional `order` field to properly capture the raw text surrounding the items denoted in double angle brackets. The ``order_item`` items in the `order` field are objects of the following form: ```{ type = "``order_type``", value = "STRING" or INDEX, }``` Here, the ``order_type`` is one of `"raw"`, `"qualifier"`, `"placetype"` or `"holonym"`: * `"raw"` is used for raw text surrounding `<<...>>` specs. * `"qualifier"` is used for `<<...>>` specs without slashes in them that consist only of qualifiers (e.g. the spec `<<former>>` in `<<former>> French <<colony>>`). * `"placetype"` is used for `<<...>>` `specs without slashes that do not consist only of qualifiers. * `"holonym"` is used for holonyms, i.e. `<<...>>` specs with a slash in them. For all types but `"holonym"`, the value is a string, specifying the text in question. For `"holonym"`, the value is a numeric index into the `holonyms` field. It should be noted that placetypes and placenames occurring inside the holonyms structure are canonicalized, but placetypes inside the placetypes structure are as specified by the user. Stripping off of qualifiers and canonicalization of qualifiers and bare placetypes happens later. The information under `holonyms_by_placetype` is redundant to the information in holonyms but makes categorization easier. The holonym placenames listed here already have category aliases applied. For example, the call {{tl|place|en|city|s/Pennsylvania|c/US}} will result in the return value ```{ placetypes = {"city"}, holonyms = { { placetype = "state", display_placename = "Pennsylvania", unlinked_placename = "Pennsylvania" }, { placetype = "country", display_placename = "United States", unlinked_placename = "United States" }, }, holonyms_by_placetype = { state = {"Pennsylvania"}, country = {"United States"}, }, }``` Here, the placetype aliases `s` and `c` have been expanded into `state` and `country` respectively, and the placename display alias `US` has been expanded into `United States`. PLACETYPES is a list because there may be more than one. For example, the call {{tl|place|en|city/and/municipality|p/[[Kwango]] Province|c/Congo}} will result in the return value ``` { placetypes = {"city", "and", "municipality"}, holonyms = { { placetype = "province", display_placename = "[[Kwango]] Province", unlinked_placename = "Kwango Province" }, { placetype = "country", display_placename = "Congo", unlinked_placename = "Congo" }, }, holonyms_by_placetype = { country = {"Congo"}, }, }``` Here, the `unlinked_placename` field has removed links from `display_placename`. The value in the key/value pairs is likewise a list; e.g. the call {{tl|place|en|city|s/Kansas|and|s/Missouri}} will return ``` { placetypes = {"city"}, holonyms = { { placetype = "state", display_placename = "Kansas", unlinked_placename = "Kansas" }, { display_placename = "and", unlinked_placename = "and" }, { placetype = "state", display_placename = "Missouri", unlinked_placename = "Missouri" }, }, holonyms_by_placetype = { state = {"Kansas", "Missouri"}, }, } ``` Note that in `get_cats()` (which runs after the display form has been generated), further changes to the holonym structure are made to aid in categorization. For example, after `handle_category_implications()` and `augment_holonyms_with_container()` are called, the above structure will look more like ``` { placetypes = {"city"}, holonyms = { { placetype = "state", display_placename = "Kansas", unlinked_placename = "Kansas" }, { placetype = "country", unlinked_placename = "United States" }, { display_placename = "and", unlinked_placename = "and" }, { placetype = "state", display_placename = "Missouri", unlinked_placename = "Missouri" }, { placetype = "country", unlinked_placename = "United States" }, }, holonyms_by_placetype = { state = {"Kansas", "Missouri"}, country = {"United States"} }, } ``` ===Overall place specs=== The overall place spec parsed by `parse_overall_place_spec` has the following fields: * `lang`: The language object (from {{para|1}}). * `args`: The parsed arguments from the {{tl|place}} call. * `directives`: List of form-of directives (starting with `@`) parsed from the numeric args beginning with {{para|2}}. Each directive contains fields `directive` (the directive as specified by the user, e.g. `"former name of"`); `terms` (list of term objects for the terms specified by the user); `conj` (conjunction specified by the user using inline modifier `<conj:...>`, or {nil}); `spec` (the corresponding directive spec from `all_form_of_directives`); `pretext` (the text to display directly before the directive); `posttext` (the text to display directly after the directive; {nil} except for the last directive). * `descs`: List of one or more place description objects parsed from the numeric args beginning with {{para|2}}, as described above. * `extra_info`: List of extra-info objects for extra info specified using arguments such as {{para|capital}}, {{para|modern}}, etc. Objects are in the order they should be displayed, and each object contains fields `spec` (the spec for the type of extra info, taken from `export.extra_info_args`), `terms` (list of term objects for the terms specified by the user); and `conj` (conjunction specified by the user using inline modifier `<conj:...>`, or {nil}). ===Category determination=== The algorithm to find the categories to which a given place belongs works off of a place description (which specifies the entry placetype(s) and holonym(s); see above). If there are multiple place descriptions, each is processed independently to generate categories. Likewise, if there are multiple entry placetypes in a given place description, each is processed independently with all the holonyms of the description to generate categories. Furthermore, before the category-generation algorithm runs, earlier steps have modified the holonyms of the place description (inserting containing polities whenever possible; see the description above of `handle_category_implications()` and `augment_holonyms_with_container()`). Given a single entry placetype and a place description, the algorithm to generate categories processes holonyms from left to right until it finds one that "matches" in that it produces one or more categories. At that point it attempts to generate categories for all other holonyms in the place description of the same placetype. Normally, it then stops processing holonyms, but if a holonym is marked using the `:also` modifier, the category generation process starts over starting with that holonym (or the leftmost such remaining holonym, if there is more than one marked with `:also`). This makes it possible, for example, to specify the description of a river that passes through two different types of political divisions (e.g. Alberta and the Northwest Territories), or categorize a geographic region at both the continent and country level, such as this: <pre> {{place|en|historical region|r/Eastern Europe|located in southeastern|c:also/Poland|*and western|c/Ukraine}} </pre> Here, `r/Eastern Europe` has a category implication that adds `cont/Europe` as a holonym directly after it, which causes the page to be categorized into [[:Category:en:Geographic and cultural areas of Europe]]. The category generation process would normally stop at this point, but the presence of `:also` causes it to restart with `c/Poland` and generate the category [[:Category:en:Geographic and cultural areas of Poland]]. After doing this, it looks for other holonyms of the same placetype as `c/Poland` (i.e. other countries), which causes it to process `c/Ukraine` and generate the category [[:Category:en:Geographic and cultural areas of Ukraine]]. The category generation process works off of the `placetype_data` table, which specifies various properties for placetypes, such as how to display a holonym of that placetype as well as how to categorize certain pages where the {{tl|place}} call contains the specified placetype as an entry placetype. For example, the entry for `city-state` in [[Module:place/placetypes]] might look like ``` ["city-state"] = { link = true, category_link = "[[sovereign]] [[microstate]]s consisting of a single [[city]] and [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "settlement", ["continent/*"] = {"City-states", "Cities", "Countries", "Countries in +++", "National capitals"}, default = {"City-states", "Cities", "Countries", "National capitals"}, }, ``` Here, the keys specify, respectively: # If `city-state` occurs as an entry placetype, link it to the corresponding Wiktionary entry (that is what `true` means in `link = true`). # Use the specified `category_link` text for categories such as [[:Category:City-states]]. # City-states are "city-like", i.e. they have neighborhoods; this controls the handling of entry placetypes such as `neighborhood`, `district`, `area`, etc. # City-states should be treated as settlements for determining how to handle the placetype `former city-state` and for categorizing the bare category [[:Category:City-states]] and language-specific equivalents such as [[:Category:en:City-states]]. # When the entry placetype `city-state` occurs along with a continent holonym, categorize into the specified categories under `continent/*`. Here, `+++` stands for the holonym in question. # When the entry placetype `city-state` occurs in any other context, categorize into the specified categories under `default`. It's important to realize that the only categorization keys under a given placetype entry that are specified explicitly in [[Module:place/placetypes]] are certain wildcard keys such as `continent/*` above (i.e. containing a slash followed by `*`) and under the key `default`. All the remaining categorization happens through category handlers, based on the information on known locations in [[Module:place/locations]]. For example, [[Module:place/locations]] has an "England group" specified similarly to the following: ``` export.england_group = { default_container = {key = "England", placetype = "constituent country"}, default_placetype = "county", default_divs = { "districts", {type = "local government districts", cat_as = "districts"}, { type = "local government districts with borough status", cat_as = {"districts", "boroughs"}, }, {type = "boroughs", cat_as = {"districts", "boroughs"}}, "civil parishes", }, default_british_spelling = true, data = export.england_counties, } ``` The `default_divs` key here specifies the divisions that exist for each of the counties listed under the `data` key (unless the key overrides them). Here, the entry `{type = "boroughs", cat_as = {"districts", "boroughs"}}` directs the category handler `political_division_cat_handler` in [[Module:place/placetypes]] (which is one of two category handlers that run for all entry placetypes, along with `generic_place_cat_handler`) to categorize boroughs specified under any of the counties listed under `data` as both districts and boroughs. Now, the categorization process proceeds as follows, given an entry placetype and place description, which specifies a set of holonyms (the code to do this is in `get_placetype_cats()`): # First, look up the entry placetype and any equivalent placetypes in `placetype_data`, which is defined in [[Module:place/placetypes]]. Note that the entry in `placetype_data` that specifies the placetype information that is used to determine the category or categories may not directly correspond to the entry placetype as specified in the place description. For example, if the entry placetype is `small town`, the placetype whose data is fetched will be `town` since `small` is a recognized qualifier and there is no entry in `placetype_data` for `small town`. As another example, if the entry placetype is `administrative capital`, the code will first look up `administrative capital` and then look up `capital city`, which is where the category handler is found, because `administrative capital` specifies `capital city` as its fallback. # Then, iterate over holonyms from left to right, as described above. For each holonym, we proceed as follows: ## First, call `political_division_cat_handler` to check if the entry placetype and holonym match a division in the `locations` data in [[Module:place/locations]], as in the example above. Note that when doing this, holonyms are canonicalized so that e.g. `co/Bedfordshire` gets mapped to `county/Bedfordshire` (because there is an entry in `placetype_aliases` in [[Module:place/placetypes]] that maps `co` to `county`) and `c/USA` gets mapped to `country/United States` (because there is an entry in the location data for the list of countries that maps `country/USA` to `country/United States` for both display and categorization purposes). This category handler, as with all such handlers, is passed the entry placetype and holonym being processed, but is also passed the entire place description, so it can look at other specified holonyms (particularly those that follow). It either returns {nil} or a list of category specs (which are the actual categories minus the preceding language code). ## If `political_division_cat_handler` doesn't generate any categories, check if there is a category handler defined using the `cat_handler` key for the entry placetype. If so, call it to generate the categories (if any). ## If the category handler returns {nil}, or there is no category handler, look for a ''wildcard key'' of the format e.g. `country/*`, which matches any holonym of placetype `country`. If found, the value is a list of category specs, which are processed as above. ## If we get this far without generating any categories, move to the next holonym. ## If we do generate any categories, process all other holonyms of the same placetype. For example, if the user says {{tl|place|en|city|s/Kansas|and|s/Missouri}}, when we get to the holonym `s/Kansas`, we generate the category [[:Category:en:Cities in Kansas, USA]]. This causes us to look for other holonyms of the same placetype `state`, and process them accordingly, generating a category [[:Category:en:Cities in Missouri, USA]] as well. The same thing happens in an invocation like {{tl|place|pl|river|c/Poland,Ukraine,Belarus}}. # Once we generate categories for a holonym and any other holonyms of the same placetype, we normally stop processing holonyms. But if a holonym has the `:also` modifier, we restart the left-to-right loop at that holonym. For example, in the invocation {{tl|place|en|river|flowing through|p/Alberta|p/British Columbia|and the|terr/Northwest Territories}}, we will generate a category [[:Category:en:Rivers in Alberta, Canada]] as well as [[:Category:en:Rivers in British Columbia, Canada]] (because British Columbia is of the same placetype as Alberta); but no category will be generated for the Northwest Territories, which is of a different placetype. To fix this, write {{tl|place|en|river|flowing through|p/Alberta|p/British Columbia|and the|terr:also/Northwest Territories}}. The use of `:also` will cause holonym processing to resume at `Northwest Territories` after `Alberta` is processed, leading to an additional category [[:Category:en:Rivers in the Northwest Territories, Canada]]. (The presence of `the` in this last category is because `Northwest Territories` is a known location with a spec indicating that it should be preceded by `the`; it has nothing to do with the raw text `and the` in the invocation.) # Finally, if we process all holonyms and don't end up producing any categories, we check the entry placetype's data for a `default` key. If found, it lists category specs, which are processed to generate categories. This is used, for example, in the placetype `city-state`, as described above. # It should be noted that the above process runs independently for each combination of entry placetype and place description. Thus, for example, an invocation {{tl|place|en|city/and/county|s/Kansas,Missouri|c/USA}} will generate categories for both cities and counties in both Kansas and Missouri. # Two additional sources of categories are ''bare location'' categories and ''generic place'' categories. These categories are added by appropriate calls in the outer function `get_cats`, which iterates over placetypes and place descriptions, calling `get_placetype_cats` on each combination. ## Bare location categories are categories like [[:Category:Arizona, USA]] that are related-to categories containing terms related to the specified location. The bare location code, for example, adds the term [[Arizona]], and its equivalents in other languages, to [[:Category:Arizona, USA]]. When looking for terms to consider, it checks the pagename, the glosses specified using {{para|t}}, and the terms specified using {{para|modern}}, {{para|short}} and {{para|full}}. It looks to see if any of these parameters match any known locations, but only adds them to a bare location category if (a) the specified entry placetype matches, so that for example Russian `[[Джорджия]]` goes into [[:Category:Georgia, USA]] while `[[Грузия]]` goes into [[:Category:Georgia]] (the country), even though both have a gloss `Georgia`; and (b) there are no conflicting holonyms, so that for example the Old English term [[Munucceaster]] if defined similarly to {{tl|place|ang|city|in modern|cc/England|t=Newcastle}} won't get added to [[:Category:Newcastle, New South Wales]] (even though it is also a city) because the latter city is known to be in Australia, which conflicts with the country `United Kingdom` (added internally to the Old English place description through the holonym augmentation process, based on the holonym `cc/England`). ## Generic place categories are categories like [[:Category:Places in Kansas, USA]] and [[:Category:Places in England]] that contain places of arbitrary placetype. These are added through a special category handler that operates like other category handlers but is run for all placetypes, rather than only for the specified one(s). ]==] --[=[ TODO/FIXME: 1. [DONE] Neighborhoods should categorize at the city level. Categories like [[:Category:Places in Los Angeles]] exist but not [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Los Angeles]]; we can refactor the code in generic_cat_handler() to support this use case. 2. Display handlers should be smarter. For example, 'co/Travis' as a holonym should display as 'Travis County' in the United States, but (I think) display handlers don't currently have the full context of holonyms passed in to allow this to happen. 3. Connected to this, we have various display handlers that add the name of the holonym after or (sometimes) before the placename if it's not already there. An example is the county_display_handler() in [[Module:place/placetypes]], which adds "County" before Ireland and Northern Ireland counties and after Taiwan and Romania counties. This should be integrated into the polity group for these respective polities through a setting rather than requiring a separate handler that has special casing for various polities. 4. Placetypes for toponyms should also have display handlers rather than just fixed text. This should allow us to dispense with the need for special types for "fpref" = "French prefecture" (which displays as "prefecture" but links to the appropriate Wikipedia article on Frenc prefectures, which are completely different from the more general concept of prefecture). Similarly for "Polish colony" and "Welsh community". ("Israeli settlement" should probably stay as-is because it displays as "Israeli settlement" not just "settlement".) 5. [DONE] Currently, categories for e.g. states and territories of Australia go into [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]] but terms for states and territories of Australia go into (respectively) [[:Category:States of Australia]] and [[:Category:Territories of Australia]]. We should fix this; maybe this is as easy as setting cat_as in the respective divs definitions. 6. Probably cat_as should support raw categories as well as category types; raw categories would be indicated by being prefixed with "Category:". 7. [MOSTLY DONE] Update documentation. 8. [DONE] Rename remaining political division categories to include name of country in them. 9. [DONE] Add Pakistan provinces and territories. 10. [DONE] Add a polity group for continents and continent-level regions instead of special-casing. This should make it possible e.g. to have Jerusalem as a city under "Asia". 11. [DONE] Add better handling of cities that are their own states, like Mexico City. 12. [DONE] Breadcrumb for e.g. [[Category:Aguascalientes, Mexico]] is "Aguascalientes, Mexico" instead of just "Aguascalientes". 13. [DONE] Unify aliasing system; cities have a completely different mechanism (alias_of) vs. polities/subpolities (which use`placename_cat_aliases` and `placename_display_aliases` in [[Module:place/placetypes]]). 14. [DONE] More generally, cities should be unified into the polity grouping system to the extent possible; this would allow for divs of cities (see #17 below). 15. [DONE] We have `no_containing_polity_cat` set for Lebanon, Malta and Saudi Arabia to prevent country-level implications from being added due to generically-named divisions like "North Governorate", "Central Region" and "Eastern Province" but (a) this setting seems to do multiple things and should be split, (b) it should be possible to set this at the division level instead of the country level. 16. Split out the data from the handlers so we can use loadData() on the data because it's becoming very big. 17. [DONE] Cities like Tokyo have special wards; "prefecture-level cities" like Wuhan (which aren't really cities but we treat them as such) have districts, subdistricts, etc. We need to support divs for cities and even named divisions of cities (such as we already have for boroughs of New York City). 18. [DONE] It should be allowed to set 'true' to any qualifier (which links it) and have it work correctly; qualifier lookup in [[Module:place]] needs to remove links first. 19. [DONE] Categories 'Historical polities' and 'Historical political subdivisions' should be renamed 'Former ...' since "historic(al)" is ambiguous (cf. "historic counties" in England which are not former, but still have a legal definition). 20. [PARTLY DONE; SUPPORT IS THERE BUT FORMER PROVINCES NOT YET CATEGORIZED] It should be possible to categorize former subpolities of certain polities; cf. [[:Category:ja:Provinces of Japan]], which contains former provinces. 21. [DONE] In subpolity_keydesc(), we need to generate the correct indefinite article and have a huge hack to check specifically for "union territory", which is the only placetype that shows up in this function where the default indefinite article generating function fails. To fix this properly, we need to separate out the non-category placetype data from `cat_data` in [[Module:place/placetypes]] and move it to [[Module:place/locations]], because we don't have access to the data in [[Module:place/placetypes]], and that data indicates the correct article for placetypes like "union territory". 22. [DONE] Simplify the specs in `cat_data`, eliminating the distinction between "inner" and "outer" matching. There should not be two levels, just one. For example, in "district", instead of ["country/Portugal"] = { ["itself"] = {"Districts and autonomous regions of +++"}, } we should just have ["country/Portugal"] = {"Districts and autonomous regions of +++"}, And in "dependent territory", instead of ["default"] = { ["itself"] = {true}, ["country"] = {true}, }, we should just have ["itself"] = {true}, ["country/*"] = {true}, It appears the only remaining spec that can't be easily converted in this fashion is for "subdistrict": ["country/Indonesia"] = { ["municipality"] = {true}, }, This seems to be specifically for Jakarta and doesn't seem to work anyway, as the two entries in [[:Category:en:Subdistricts of Jakarta]] and the one entry in [[:Category:id:Subdistricts of Jakarta]] are manually categorized. 23. [DONE] Consolidate the remaining stuff in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Earth]] into [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]]. 24. [DONE] The `generic_cat_handler` that categorizes into `Places in FOO` is smart enough not to categorize cities that are in different polities from the specified containing polity/polities of the city, but doesn't do the same for larger-level divisions. Likewise for the `city_type_cat_handler`. There are some sufficiently generically-named divisions that this issue can occur; for example, [[Koforidua]], the capital city of Eastern Region, Ghana, is incorrectly categorized under [[:Category:en:Cities in Eastern Region, Malta]] and [[:Category:en:Places in Eastern Region, Malta]]. Note that the function `augment_holonyms_with_container` ''DOES'' do such checks, so we should be able to refactor the code out of that function and use it elsewhere. 25. [DONE] The `generic_cat_handler` that categorizes into `Places in FOO` is smart enough not to categorize cities that are in different polities from the specified containing polity/polities of the city; but how smart is it? It will successfully avoid categorizing a neighborhood in e.g. [[Columbus]], [[Georgia]] that doesn't explicitly mention the US (only `s/Georgia`) into [[:Category:en:Places in Columbus]], which is for Columbus, Ohio, but will it do the same for a hypothetical neighborhood of Columbus in say Merseyside, England? This should be investigated. It will probably work for a hypothetical Columbus in [[Canada]] because `augment_holonyms_with_container` would auto-add Canada as an additional holonym once say `p/Ontario` is mentioned, but I think there's a setting preventing this augmentation from happening for the UK. (This relates to FIXME #15. `no_containing_polity_cat` is set on England, Scotland, etc. to prevent the toponyms from being added to [[:Category:en:Places in the United Kingdom]], but this same setting is used to prevent augmentation, which it should not be; there should be different settings.) 26. [DONE] The `generic_cat_handler` (or more specifically `find_holonym_keys_for_categorization`) checks for city holonyms by looking specifically for holonym type `city`. But some cities (particularly those in China) can be specified using different holonym types, e.g. `prefecture-level city`, `subprovincial city`, etc. We should allow these when appropriate (which means the cities in China need to have a `placetype` set that indicates their regional-level status as well as just `city`). I'm not sure if cities support specifying a custom `placetype` at the moment; this relates to FIXME #14 above concerning unifying cities and political divisions internally. 27. [DONE] The bare category handler (`get_bare_categories` in [[Module:place/placetypes]]) is not smart enough to avoid overcategorizing cities or other divisions that are of the right placetype but in the wrong containing polity. For example, Asturian [[Llión]] "León (city in Spain)" gets put in [[:Category:ast:León]] even though the latter is supposed to refer to a city in Mexico. We can borrow the check-containing-polity code from `generic_cat_handler`. 28. [DONE] Redo handling of singular and plural to respect overrides specified in placetype_data. Check more carefully for things that may not singularize correctly, e.g. 'passes' -> 'passe'? Definitely 'headquarters' and variants. 29. [DONE] Combine placetype_equivs and other placetype data into `placetype_data`. Figure out if we need the distinction between `placetype_equivs` and `fallback`. 30. `has_neighborhoods` may need to be a function that can look at the containing holonyms to determine whether the entity in question is city-like. 31. [DONE] Bare placenames as they appear in holonyms (e.g. `Riau Islands`) instead of category keys (e.g. `the Riau Islands, Indonesia`) should appear in the polity data tables. As a first pass, the word "the" should not appear but should instead be a property of the polity. 32. [DONE] `capital_city_cat_handler` should use `get_holonyms_to_check()`. 33. [PARTLY DONE] The code to generate and parse the correct preposition ("in" or "of") is very convoluted, and the actual preposition used is specified in various locations with various defaults, sometimes hardcoded. This should be simplified. It is made more difficult by the fact that the in/of distinction occurs in several places: (a) when generating the {{place}} text in old-style descriptions where the preposition isn't explicitly given, which uses the `preposition` setting in placetype_data, defaulting to "in"; (b) when generating categories based on explicit category specs in placetype_data (which are gradually being deprecated), which likewise uses the `preposition` setting in placetype_data, defaulting to "in"; (c) when generating categories based on political_division_cat_handler, originating in the `divs` placetypes for specific known locations in [[Module:place/locations]], which uses the `prep` setting embedded in the `divs` specifications, defaulting to "of"; (d) when generating categories based on category handlers specified using the `cat_handler` property of entries in placetype_data, which tend to hardcode "in" or "of" depending on the specific category handler; (e) when generating category descriptions in [[Module:category tree/topic/Places]] for `divs` categories generated in (c), which (correctly) uses the same `prep` setting embedded in the `divs` settings that is used when generating the categories themselves; (f) when generating category descriptions for categories generated in (b) and (d) above, which relies on the `generic_before_non_cities` and `generic_before_cities` settings in placetype_data, which need to match the corresponding prepositions hardcoded in the category generation handlers. Instead of the hardcoding, the category generation handler should respect the `generic_before_*` settings. 34. [[Krakow]] defined as {{place|en|A <<city>> on the [[Vistula]] River, the <<capital>> of the <<voi/Lesser Poland Voivodeship>> in southern <<c/Poland>>}} categorizes under [[:Category:Voivodeship capitals]] when it should probably instead be under [[:Category:Voivodeship capitals of Poland]]. Possibly this is because the various voivodeships haven't yet been entered as known locations, but this should happen regardless of that. 35. {{tcl}} bugs: a. [DONE] Lowercase initial letter in new-style {{place}} descriptions in {{tcl}}. Maybe we can have a setting tcl_nolc=1 to prevent this from happening. b. [DONE] tcl= and probably new-style {{place}} descriptions in general should recognize ;; to separate distinct {{place}} descriptions, and similarly ;;and as the equivalent of regular `;and`, etc. c. [DONE] The value supplied in `modern=` should be displayed in {{tcl}} descriptions regardless of the setting that normally disables this, so that e.g. the foreign-language equivalent of [[British Honduras]] doesn't just say it's a former British colony in Central America but specifically identifies it as modern Belize. If the user gives, place_modern= in {{tcl}}, that should override the modern= value and still display. d. [DONE] The page supplied to {{tcl}} should be used for generating bare categories even if t= is supplied and overrides the English term displayed. [DONE] e. [DONE] If text follows {{place}} and begins with a semicolon, the semicolon isn't copied into {{tcl}}. 36. County boroughs used as holonyms currently display 'borough county borough' because there's an affix setting for 'county borough' and a fallback display handler for 'borough'. We need to rethink this; maybe merge the affix setting and display handlers. 37. Implement known-location groups and specs in a more standardly object-oriented way using metatables. 38. Implement caching of known location lookup in the holonym. This may have to be keyed by placetype, but we can have a special field for when the lookup placetype is the same as the user-specified placetype of the holonym. Use this known location in place of looking up known locations and store the appropriate known location there in `augment_holonyms_with_container()` instead of calling `key_to_placename`. 39. Bug fixes with 'the': (a) [DONE] [[Kazaň]] defined as {{place|cs|caplc|rep:Pref/Tatarstan|c/Russia|t1=Kazan}} displays as "Republic of the Tatarstan". (b) [[Valday]] defined as {{place|en|town/administrative center|dist:Suf/Valdaysky|obl/Novgorod|c/Russia}} displays as "a town, the administrative center of the Valdaysky District". Changing to `dist:suf/Valdaysky` displays as "... of Valdaysky district". 40. [DONE] Bug fix with 'the': [[Verkhoyansk]] defined as {{place|en|town|rep/Sakha|c/Russia}} displays as "a town in the Sakha". 41. [DONE] [[Category:Cities in Asia]] has [[Category:Cities in Eurasia]] as a parent, which in turn has [[Category:Cities in the Earth]] as a parent. Continents should not have the second parent like this. 42. [DONE] When checking `british_spelling`, it should check all containers as well; otherwise it's too hard to keep this in sync across cities, administrative divisions and countries. 43. [DONE] `skip_polity_parent_type` should be renamed to container_parent_type or similar. 44. There should be a flag to allow e.g. departments of France that are currently categorized as departments of their region to also be categorized as departments of France. 45. [DONE] Aliases are causing iterate_matching_holonym_location() to fail, e.g. if [[براق]] "Prague" is specified as {{place|acw|capital city|c/Czechia|t1=Prague}}, this fails add a bare category [[Category:acw:Prague]] because the code in iterate_matching_holonym_location() isn't resolving aliases when comparing the known container 'Czech Republic'. Probably we want to build an alias table to speed up these sorts of lookups. 46. [DONE; DUE TO TYPO IN HANDLER] The district cat handler is failing to work right, e.g. in [[Saint-Gaudérique]] defined as {{place|fr|district|city/Perpignan|in|dept/Pyrénées-Orientales|r/Occitania|c/France|t=Saint-Gaudérique}}, only the 'Places in ...' categories are getting triggered. 47. Suburbs of a given city aren't generally in the city and may not even be in the same country or country division, so they should not categorize as "Places in ..." based on the city and specified country and division. Same goes for "enclave" (within somewhere) and "exclave". 48. When converting display aliases, we should automatically convert full placenames to full placenames and elliptical placenames to elliptical placenames instead of always either doing elliptical or full placenames depending on the value of `display_as_full`. 49. `@obsolete form of` and `@archaic form of` should automatically trigger nocat=1. 50. The handler that adds bare categories should pick up values in <eq:...>. ]=] --[==[ var: List specifying the allowed form-of directives, used for former names, official names, abbreviations, etc. of places. The key is the form-of directive and the value is an object with the following properties: * `text`: The actual text displayed before the terms. If the value is `+`, the key is used as the text. If the value is a function, it is passed a single argument, the overall place spec (see comment at top of file) and should return the text to be displayed. * `type_prefix`: The prefix used to generate the placetype for looking up the appropriate category or categories in the placetype data structure. Can be omitted if there are no categories associated with the directive. * `conjunction`: The conjunction used to join multiple terms, defaulting to `and`. * `cat`: Additional category or categories to add the term to, whenever this particular directive is used. Normally the value is a topic-style category minus the langcode prefix, but if prefixed with `cln:`, it is a langname-style category. For example, the value `"Abbreviations"` would correspond to a category [[:Category:en:Abbreviations]] (assuming the language of the {{tl|place}} call is English), while the value `"cln:abbreviations"` corresponds to a category [[:Category:English abbreviations]]. Use a list of such specs for multiple categories. * `default_foreign`: If specified, the default language of terms given along with this directive is the language in {{para|1}}; otherwise it is English. ]==] export.all_form_of_directives = { ["former name of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_NAME_OF"}, ["fmr of"] = {alias_of = "former name of"}, ["ancient name of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_NAME_OF"}, ["official name of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "OFFICIAL_NAME_OF"}, ["former official name of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF"}, ["long form of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "LONG_FORM_OF"}, ["former long form of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF"}, ["nickname for"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "NICKNAME_FOR"}, ["official nickname for"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR"}, ["former nickname for"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR"}, ["derogatory name for"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#derogatory|derogatory]] name for", type_prefix = "DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR"}, ["synonym of"] = {text = "+"}, ["syn of"] = {alias_of = "synonym of"}, ["abbreviation of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#abbreviation|abbreviation]] of", type_prefix = "ABBREVIATION_OF", cat = "cln:abbreviations", default_foreign = true}, ["abbr of"] = {alias_of = "abbreviation of"}, ["abbrev of"] = {alias_of = "abbreviation of"}, ["initialism of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#initialism|initialism]] of", type_prefix = "ABBREVIATION_OF", cat = "cln:initialisms", default_foreign = true}, ["init of"] = {alias_of = "initialism of"}, ["acronym of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#acronym|acronym]] of", type_prefix = "ABBREVIATION_OF", cat = "cln:acronyms", default_foreign = true}, ["syllabic abbreviation of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#syllabic abbreviation|syllabic abbreviation]] of", type_prefix = "ABBREVIATION_OF", cat = "cln:syllabic abbreviations", default_foreign = true}, ["sylabbr of"] = {alias_of = "syllabic abbreviation of"}, ["sylabbrev of"] = {alias_of = "syllabic abbreviation of"}, ["ellipsis of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#ellipsis|ellipsis]] of", type_prefix = "ELLIPSIS_OF", cat = "cln:ellipses", default_foreign = true}, ["ellip of"] = {alias_of = "ellipsis of"}, ["clipping of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|clipping]] of", type_prefix = "CLIPPING_OF", cat = "cln:clippings", default_foreign = true}, ["clip of"] = {alias_of = "clipping of"}, ["alternative form of"] = {text = "+", default_foreign = true}, ["alt form"] = {alias_of = "alternative form of"}, ["alternative spelling of"] = {text = "+", default_foreign = true}, ["alt spell"] = {alias_of = "alternative spelling of"}, ["alt sp"] = {alias_of = "alternative spelling of"}, ["dated form of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#dated|dated]] form of", type_prefix = "DATED_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:dated forms", default_foreign = true}, ["dated form"] = {alias_of = "dated form of"}, ["dated spelling of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#dated|dated]] spelling of", type_prefix = "DATED_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:dated forms", default_foreign = true}, ["dated spell"] = {alias_of = "dated spelling of"}, ["dated sp"] = {alias_of = "dated spelling of"}, ["archaic form of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#archaic|archaic]] form of", type_prefix = "ARCHAIC_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:archaic forms", default_foreign = true}, ["arch form"] = {alias_of = "archaic form of"}, ["archaic spelling of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#archaic|archaic]] spelling of", type_prefix = "ARCHAIC_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:archaic forms", default_foreign = true}, ["arch spell"] = {alias_of = "archaic spelling of"}, ["arch sp"] = {alias_of = "archaic spelling of"}, ["obsolete form of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#obsolete|obsolete]] form of", type_prefix = "OBSOLETE_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:obsolete forms", default_foreign = true}, ["obs form"] = {alias_of = "obsolete form of"}, ["obsolete spelling of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#obsolete|obsolete]] spelling of", type_prefix = "OBSOLETE_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:obsolete forms", default_foreign = true}, ["obs spell"] = {alias_of = "obsolete spelling of"}, ["obs sp"] = {alias_of = "obsolete spelling of"}, } local function get_seat_text(overall_place_spec) local placetype = overall_place_spec.descs[1].placetypes[1] if placetype == "county" or placetype == "counties" then return "county seat" elseif placetype == "parish" or placetype == "parishes" then return "parish seat" elseif placetype == "borough" or placetype == "boroughs" then return "borough seat" else return "seat" end end --[==[ var: List specifying the allowed arguments containing extra information that is sometimes added to a definition, such as the capital, largest city, modern name, official name, etc., along with associated properties; displayed in the order given. Each element is an object with the following properties: * `arg`: The argument name. * `text`: The actual text displayed before the terms. If the value is `+`, the argument name is used as the text. If the value is a function, it is passed a single argument, the overall place spec (see the comment at the top of the file) and should return the text to be displayed. * `conjunction`: The conjunction used to join multiple terms, defaulting to `and`. * `display_even_when_dropped`: Display this piece of extra info even when it would normally be dropped (e.g. in {{tl|tcl}} when the language is other than English). * `match_sentence_style`: If true, the text will be capitalized and preceded by a period when ''sentence style'' is in effect (essentially, when the language is English and there is no translation specified using {{para|t}} or similar parameter); otherwise, the text will be displayed as-is and preceded by a semicolon. If false, the semicolon style will always be used. * `auto_plural`: If true, pluralize the text when there is more than one term. * `with_colon`: If true, follow the text with a colon. (This colon cannot easily be included in the text itself because if pluralized, the pluralized text goes before the colon.) ]==] export.extra_info_args = { {arg = "modern", text = "+", conjunction = "or", display_even_when_dropped = true}, {arg = "now", text = "now,", conjunction = "or", display_even_when_dropped = true}, {arg = "full", text = "in full,", conjunction = "or", display_even_when_dropped = true}, {arg = "short", text = "short form", conjunction = "or"}, {arg = "abbr", text = "abbreviation", conjunction = "or"}, {arg = "former", text = "formerly,"}, {arg = "official", text = "official name", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "capital", text = "+", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "largest city", text = "+", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "caplc", text = "capital and largest city", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true}, {arg = "seat", text = get_seat_text, match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "shire town", text = "+", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "headquarters", text = "+", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true}, {arg = "center", text = "administrative center", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true}, {arg = "centre", text = "administrative centre", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true}, } export.extra_info_arg_map = {} for _, spec in ipairs(export.extra_info_args) do export.extra_info_arg_map[spec.arg] = spec end ----------- Wikicode utility functions -- Return a wikilink link {{l|language|text}} local function link(text, langcode, id) if not langcode then return text end return m_links.full_link( {term = text, lang = require(languages_module).getByCode(langcode, true, "allow etym"), id = id}, nil, "allow self link" ) end ---------- Basic utility functions -- Add the page to a tracking "category". To see the pages in the "category", -- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on "What links here". local function track(page) require(debug_track_module)("place/" .. page) return true end local function ucfirst_all(text) if text:find(" ") then local parts = split(text, " ", true) for i, part in ipairs(parts) do parts[i] = m_strutils.ucfirst(part) end return concat(parts, " ") else return m_strutils.ucfirst(text) end end local function lc(text) return mw.getContentLanguage():lc(text) end ---------- Argument parsing functions and utilities -- Split an argument on comma, but not comma followed by whitespace. local function split_on_comma(val) if val:find(",") then return require(parse_interface_module).split_on_comma(val) else return {val} end end -- Split an argument on slash, but not slash occurring inside of HTML tags like </span> or <br />. local function split_on_slash(arg) if arg:find("<") then local m_parse_utilities = require(parse_utilities_module) -- We implement this by parsing balanced segment runs involving <...>, and splitting on slash in the remainder. -- The result is a list of lists, so we have to rejoin the inner lists by concatenating. local segments = m_parse_utilities.parse_balanced_segment_run(arg, "<", ">") local slash_separated_groups = m_parse_utilities.split_alternating_runs(segments, "/") for i, group in ipairs(slash_separated_groups) do slash_separated_groups[i] = concat(group) end return slash_separated_groups else return split(arg, "/", true) end end -- Implement "implications", i.e. where the presence of a given holonym causes additional holonym(s) to be added. -- Implications apply only to categorization. There used to be support for "general implications" that applied to both -- display and categorization, but there ended up not being any such implications, so we've removed the support. It is -- a bad idea in any case to have such implications; the user might purposely leave out a higher-level polity to avoid -- redundancy in several successive definitions, and we wouldn't want to override that. Note that in practice the -- mechanism implemented by this function is used specifically for non-administrative geographic regions such as -- Eastern Europe and the West Bank; there is a similar mechanism for administrative regions handled by -- `augment_holonyms_with_containing_polity` in [[Module:place/placetypes]]. -- -- `place_descriptions` is a list of place descriptions (see top of file, collectively describing the data passed to -- {{place}}). `implication_data` is the data used to implement the implications, i.e. a table indexed by holonym -- placetype, each value of which is a table indexed by holonym placename, each value of which is a list of -- "PLACETYPE/PLACENAME" holonyms to be added to the end of the list of holonyms. local function handle_category_implications(place_descriptions, implication_data) for i, desc in ipairs(place_descriptions) do if desc.holonyms then local new_holonyms = {} for _, holonym in ipairs(desc.holonyms) do insert(new_holonyms, holonym) local imp_data = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym.placetype, function(pt) local implication = implication_data[pt] and implication_data[pt][holonym.unlinked_placename] if implication then return implication end end) if imp_data then for _, holonym_to_add in ipairs(imp_data) do local split_holonym = split_on_slash(holonym_to_add) if #split_holonym ~= 2 then internal_error("Invalid holonym in implications: %s", holonym_to_add) end local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename = unpack(split_holonym, 1, 2) local new_holonym = { -- By the time we run, the display has already been generated so we don't need to set -- display_placename. placetype = holonym_placetype, unlinked_placename = holonym_placename } insert(new_holonyms, new_holonym) m_placetypes.key_holonym_into_place_desc(desc, new_holonym) end end end desc.holonyms = new_holonyms end end end -- Split a holonym (e.g. "continent/Europe" or "country/en:Italy" or "in southern" or "r:suf/O'Higgins" or -- "c/Austria,Germany,Czech Republic") into its components. Return a list of holonym objects (see top of file). Note -- that if there isn't a slash in the holonym (e.g. "in southern"), the `placetype` field of the holonym will be nil. -- Placetype aliases (e.g. "r" for "region") and placename aliases (e.g. "US" or "USA" for "United States") will be -- expanded. local function split_holonym(raw) local no_display, combined_holonym = raw:match("^(!)(.*)$") no_display = not not no_display combined_holonym = combined_holonym or raw local suppress_comma, combined_holonym_without_comma = combined_holonym:match("^(%*)(.*)$") suppress_comma = not not suppress_comma combined_holonym = combined_holonym_without_comma or combined_holonym local holonym_parts = split_on_slash(combined_holonym) if #holonym_parts == 1 then -- `unlinked_placename` should not be used. return {{display_placename = combined_holonym, no_display = no_display, suppress_comma = suppress_comma}} end -- Rejoin further slashes in case of slash in holonym placename, e.g. Admaston/Bromley. local placetype = holonym_parts[1] local placename = concat(holonym_parts, "/", 2) -- Check for modifiers after the holonym placetype. local split_holonym_placetype = split(placetype, ":", true) placetype = split_holonym_placetype[1] local affix_type local saw_also local saw_the for i = 2, #split_holonym_placetype do local modifier = split_holonym_placetype[i] if modifier == "also" then if saw_also then error(("Modifier ':also' occurs twice in holonym '%s'"):format(combined_holonym)) end saw_also = true elseif modifier == "the" then if saw_the then error(("Modifier ':the' occurs twice in holonym '%s'"):format(combined_holonym)) end saw_the = true elseif modifier == "pref" or modifier == "Pref" or modifier == "suf" or modifier == "Suf" or modifier == "noaff" then if affix_type then error(("Affix-type modifier ':%s' occurs twice in holonym '%s'"):format(modifier, combined_holonym)) end affix_type = modifier else error(("Unrecognized holonym placetype modifier '%s', should be one of " .. "'pref', 'Pref', 'suf', 'Suf', 'noaff', 'also' or 'the'"):format(modifier)) end end placetype = m_placetypes.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype) local holonyms = split_on_comma(placename) local pluralize_affix = #holonyms > 1 local affix_holonym_index = (affix_type == "pref" or affix_type == "Pref") and 1 or affix_type == "noaff" and 0 or #holonyms for i, placename in ipairs(holonyms) do -- Check for langcode before the holonym placename, but don't get tripped up by Wikipedia links, which begin -- "[[w:...]]" or "[[wikipedia:]]". local langcode, placename_without_langcode = rmatch(placename, "^([^%[%]]-):(.*)$") if langcode then placename = placename_without_langcode end placename = m_placetypes.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename) holonyms[i] = { placetype = placetype, display_placename = placename, unlinked_placename = m_placetypes.remove_links_and_html(placename), langcode = langcode, affix_type = i == affix_holonym_index and affix_type or nil, pluralize_affix = i == affix_holonym_index and pluralize_affix, suppress_affix = i ~= affix_holonym_index, no_display = no_display, suppress_comma = suppress_comma, continue_cat_loop = saw_also, force_the = i == 1 and saw_the, } end return holonyms end local get_param_mods = memoize(function() local m_param_utils = require(parameter_utilities_module) return m_param_utils.construct_param_mods { {group = {"link", "q", "l", "ref"}}, {param = "eq"}, -- FIXME: Finish [[Module:format utilities]]. --{param = "conj", set = require(format_utilities_module).allowed_conjs_for_join_segments, overall = true}, {param = "conj", set = {["and"] = true, ["or"] = true, ["and/or"] = true}, overall = true}, } end) local function parse_term_with_inline_modifiers(term, paramname, default_lang) -- FIXME: Finish changes to [[Module:parameter utilities]] and [[Module:parse utilities]] that support continuations -- and new-format generate_obj(). --local function generate_obj(data) -- local m_param_utils = require(parameter_utilities_module) -- data.parse_lang_prefix = true -- data.special_continuations = m_param_utils.default_special_continuations -- data.default_lang = default_lang -- return m_param_utils.generate_obj_maybe_parsing_lang_prefix(data) --end local function generate_obj(raw_term, parse_err) local obj = require(parameter_utilities_module).generate_obj_maybe_parsing_lang_prefix { term = raw_term, parse_err = parse_err, parse_lang_prefix = true, } obj.lang = obj.lang or default_lang return obj end return require(parse_interface_module).parse_inline_modifiers(term, { paramname = paramname, param_mods = get_param_mods(), generate_obj = generate_obj, -- FIXME: See above. --generate_obj_new_format = true, splitchar = ",", outer_container = {}, }) end local function parse_form_of_directive(arg, lang, form_of_overridden_args) local form_of_directive, raw_terms = arg:match("^@([a-z -]+):(.*)$") if not form_of_directive then error("Misformatted @-directive: " .. dump(arg)) end if not export.all_form_of_directives[form_of_directive] then local known_directives = {} for k, _ in pairs(export.all_form_of_directives) do insert(known_directives, '"' .. k .. '"') end table.sort(known_directives) error(("Unrecognized form-of directive %s in @-directive %s; recognized directives are %s"):format( dump(form_of_directive), dump(arg), concat(known_directives, ", "))) end local spec = export.all_form_of_directives[form_of_directive] local canonical_directive = form_of_directive if spec.alias_of then canonical_directive = spec.alias_of spec = export.all_form_of_directives[canonical_directive] if not spec then internal_error("Form-of directive alias %s points to %s, which is not a directive", "@" .. form_of_directive, canonical_directive) elseif spec.alias_of then internal_error("Form-of directive alias %s points to %s, which is also an alias", "@" .. form_of_directive, canonical_directive) end end local default_foreign = spec.default_foreign local directive_param = "@" .. form_of_directive if form_of_overridden_args and form_of_overridden_args[canonical_directive] then raw_terms = form_of_overridden_args[canonical_directive].new_value local new_directive = form_of_overridden_args[canonical_directive].new_directive local new_spec = export.all_form_of_directives[new_directive] if not new_spec then error(("Internal error: [[Module:transclude]] passed in unrecognized replacement directive '@%s'"): format(new_directive)) end if new_spec.alias_of then error(("Internal error: [[Module:transclude]] passed in replacement directive alias '@%s', " .. "should be canonical"):format(new_directive)) end if new_directive ~= canonical_directive then directive_param = directive_param .. (" (replaced with @%s)"):format(new_directive) canonical_directive = new_directive spec = new_spec end default_foreign = true end local terms = parse_term_with_inline_modifiers(raw_terms, directive_param, default_foreign and lang or enlang) return { directive = canonical_directive, terms = terms.terms, conj = terms.conj, spec = spec, } end -- Parse an argument containing extra information that is sometimes added to a definition, such as the capital, largest -- city, modern name, official name, etc. `args` is the value from the parsed argument structure and can be either nil, -- a string or a list (depending on whether it was declared as a single parameter or a list). `spec` is the extra info -- spec corresponding to the type of extra info. Each value in `args` can be a comma-separated list of terms with inline -- modifiers attached. [FIXME: we should switch to always using the comma-separated format and disallow list parameters -- such as |capital=, |capital2=, etc.] The return value is a structure containing fields `terms` (a list of term -- objects, each of which is in the format expected by full_link() in [[Module:links]]), `conj` (an explicit -- conjunction to join multiple terms, or nil if no explicit conjunction was given) and `spec` (the passed-in spec). local function parse_extra_info_arg(args, spec, default_lang) if not args then return nil end if type(args) ~= "table" then args = {args} end if not args[1] then return nil end local terms = nil local conj for i, arg in ipairs(args) do local this_terms = parse_term_with_inline_modifiers(arg, spec.arg .. (i == 1 and "" or i), default_lang) local thisconj = this_terms.conj if not conj then conj = thisconj elseif thisconj and conj ~= thisconj then error(("Two different conjunctions '%s' and '%s' specified for |%s=; you only need to specify the " .. "conjunction once"):format(conj, thisconj)) end if not terms then terms = this_terms.terms else m_table.extend(terms, this_terms.terms) end end return { spec = spec, terms = terms, conj = conj, } end --[==[ Parse a "new-style" place description, with placetypes and holonyms surrounded by `<<...>>` amid otherwise raw text. Return value is a place description object as documented at the top of the file. Exported for use by [[Module:demonyms]]. ]==] function export.parse_new_style_place_desc(text, lang, form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args) local placetypes = {} local segments = split(text, "<<(.-)>>") local retval = {holonyms = {}, order = {}} local form_of_directives_already_present = form_of_directives and not not form_of_directives[1] for i, segment in ipairs(segments) do if i % 2 == 1 then insert(retval.order, {type = "raw", value = segment}) elseif segment:find("@") then if not form_of_directives then error(("Form-of directive '%s' not allowed in this context"):format(segment)) elseif form_of_directives_already_present then error(("Saw form-of directive '%s' in new-style place desc followed by direct (separate-parameter) form-of directives; not allowed"):format( segment)) elseif placetypes[1] or retval.holonyms[1] then error(("Form-of directive '%s' must come first, before placetypes and holonyms"):format(segment)) else local form_of_directive = parse_form_of_directive(segment, lang, form_of_overridden_args) if not retval.order[1] or retval.order[1].type ~= "raw" or retval.order[2] then internal_error("`retval.order` should have a single raw element: %s", retval.order) end form_of_directive.pretext = retval.order[1].value retval.order[1] = nil insert(form_of_directives, form_of_directive) end elseif segment:find("/") then local holonyms = split_holonym(segment) for j, holonym in ipairs(holonyms) do if j > 1 then if not holonym.no_display then if j == #holonyms then insert(retval.order, {type = "raw", value = " and "}) else insert(retval.order, {type = "raw", value = ", "}) end end -- All but the first in a multi-holonym need an article. For the first one, the article is -- specified in the raw text if needed. (Currently, needs_article is only used when displaying the -- holonym, so it wouldn't matter when no_display is set, but we set it anyway in case we need it -- for something else.) holonym.needs_article = true end insert(retval.holonyms, holonym) if not holonym.no_display then insert(retval.order, {type = "holonym", value = #retval.holonyms}) end m_placetypes.key_holonym_into_place_desc(retval, holonym) end else local treat_as, display = segment:match("^(..-):(.+)$") if treat_as then segment = treat_as else display = segment end -- see if the placetype segment is just qualifiers local only_qualifiers = true local split_segments = split(segment, " ", true) for _, split_segment in ipairs(split_segments) do if m_placetypes.placetype_qualifiers[split_segment] == nil then only_qualifiers = false break end end insert(placetypes, {placetype = segment, only_qualifiers = only_qualifiers}) if only_qualifiers then insert(retval.order, {type = "qualifier", value = display}) else insert(retval.order, {type = "placetype", value = display}) end end end if not form_of_directives_already_present and form_of_directives and form_of_directives[1] then form_of_directives[#form_of_directives].posttext = "" end local final_placetypes = {} for i, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do if i > 1 and placetypes[i - 1].only_qualifiers then final_placetypes[#final_placetypes] = final_placetypes[#final_placetypes] .. " " .. placetypes[i].placetype else insert(final_placetypes, placetypes[i].placetype) end end retval.placetypes = final_placetypes return retval end --[==[ Parse one or more "new-style" place descriptions, with placetypes and holonyms surrounded by `<<...>>` amid otherwise raw text. Multiple descriptions are separated by two semicolons in a row. Return value is a list of place description objects as documented at the top of the file. ]==] local function parse_conjoined_new_style_place_desc(text, lang, form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args) local separate_specs = split(text, ";(;[^ ]*)") local descs = {} for i = 1, #separate_specs do if i % 2 == 1 then insert(descs, export.parse_new_style_place_desc(separate_specs[i], lang, form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args)) form_of_directives = nil else descs[#descs].separator = separate_specs[i] end end return descs end --[=[ Process numeric and "extra info" arguments into an overall place spec, as described at the top of the file. `data` is an object with the following fields: * `args`: The parsed arguments of {{tl|place}}. * `from_tcl`: True if we're being invoked from {{tl|tcl}}. * `extra_info_overridden_set`, `form_of_overridden_args`: Same as the corresponding fields in the `data` object passed to `export.format`. ]=] local function parse_overall_place_spec(data) local args, from_tcl, extra_info_overridden_set, form_of_overridden_args = data.args, data.from_tcl, data.extra_info_overridden_set, data.form_of_overridden_args local descs = {} local this_desc -- Index of separate (semicolon-separated) place descriptions within `descs`. local desc_index = 1 -- Index of separate holonyms within a place description. 0 means we've seen no holonyms and have yet to process -- the placetypes that precede the holonyms. 1 means we've seen no holonyms but have already processed the -- placetypes. local holonym_index = 0 local in_place_desc = false local form_of_directives = {} local function set_desc_joiner(desc, separator) if separator == ";" then this_desc.joiner = "; " this_desc.include_following_article = true elseif separator == ";;" then this_desc.joiner = " " else local joiner = separator:sub(2) if rfind(joiner, "^%a") then this_desc.joiner = " " .. joiner .. " " else this_desc.joiner = joiner .. " " end end end for _, arg in ipairs(args[2]) do if arg:find("^@") then if not (desc_index == 1 and holonym_index == 0) then error("@-directives cannot follow place descriptions") end local form_of_directive = parse_form_of_directive(arg, args[1], form_of_overridden_args) if form_of_directives[1] then form_of_directive.pretext = ", " else form_of_directive.pretext = "" end insert(form_of_directives, form_of_directive) elseif arg == ";" or arg:find("^;[^ ]") then if not this_desc then error("Saw semicolon joiner without preceding place description") end set_desc_joiner(this_desc, arg) desc_index = desc_index + 1 holonym_index = 0 in_place_desc = false else if arg:find("<<") then if in_place_desc then error("New-style place description must come first or following a separator (semicolon or similar), not directly following another description") end in_place_desc = true local this_descs = parse_conjoined_new_style_place_desc(arg, args[1], form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args) for j, desc in ipairs(this_descs) do this_desc = desc if holonym_index > 0 then desc_index = desc_index + 1 holonym_index = 0 end if j < #this_descs then set_desc_joiner(this_desc, this_desc.separator) end descs[desc_index] = this_desc last_was_new_style = true holonym_index = #this_desc.holonyms + 1 end else -- Old-style arguments can directly follow a new-style argument; they become additional holonyms -- tacked onto the end of the holonym list, and are displayed old-style except that there is no -- prefix before the first one following the new-style argument. in_place_desc = true if holonym_index == 0 then local entry_placetypes = split_on_slash(arg) this_desc = {placetypes = entry_placetypes, holonyms = {}} descs[desc_index] = this_desc holonym_index = holonym_index + 1 else local holonyms = split_holonym(arg) for j, holonym in ipairs(holonyms) do if j > 1 then -- All but the first in a multi-holonym need an article. Not for the first one because e.g. -- {{place|en|city|s/Arizona|c/United States}} should not display as "a city in Arizona, the -- United States". The overall first holonym in the place description gets an article if -- needed regardless of our setting here. holonym.needs_article = true -- Insert "and" before the last holonym. if j == #holonyms then this_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] = { -- Use the no_display value from the first holonym; it should be the same for all -- holonyms. `unlinked_placename` should not be used. display_placename = "and", no_display = holonyms[1].no_display } holonym_index = holonym_index + 1 end end this_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] = holonym m_placetypes.key_holonym_into_place_desc(this_desc, this_desc.holonyms[holonym_index]) holonym_index = holonym_index + 1 end end end end end if form_of_directives[1] and not form_of_directives[#form_of_directives].posttext then form_of_directives[#form_of_directives].posttext = (args.def and args.def ~= "-" or not args.def and descs[1]) and ": " or "" end -- Tracking code. This does nothing but add tracking for seen placetypes and qualifiers. The place will be linked to -- [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/PLACETYPE]] for all entry placetypes seen; in addition, if PLACETYPE -- has qualifiers (e.g. 'small city'), there will be links for the bare placetype minus qualifiers and separately -- for the qualifiers themselves: -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/BARE_PLACETYPE]] -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-qualifier/QUALIFIER]] -- Note that if there are multiple qualifiers, there will be links for each possible split. For example, for -- 'small maritime city'), there will be the following links: -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/small maritime city]] -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/maritime city]] -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/city]] -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-qualifier/small]] -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-qualifier/maritime]] -- Finally, there are also links for holonym placetypes, e.g. if the holonym 'c/Italy' occurs, there will be the -- following link: -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/holonym-placetype/country]] for _, desc in ipairs(descs) do for _, entry_placetype in ipairs(desc.placetypes) do local splits = m_placetypes.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(entry_placetype, "no canon qualifiers") for _, split in ipairs(splits) do local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, bare_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3) track("entry-placetype/" .. bare_placetype) if this_qualifier then track("entry-qualifier/" .. this_qualifier) end end end for _, holonym in ipairs(desc.holonyms) do if holonym.placetype then track("holonym-placetype/" .. holonym.placetype) end end end local extra_info = {} for _, extra_info_spec in ipairs(export.extra_info_args) do local extra_info_terms = parse_extra_info_arg(args[extra_info_spec.arg], extra_info_spec, -- If called from {{tcl}} and extra info argument was set by {{tcl}}, interpret the argument -- according to the language in 1=; otherwise interpret as English. To override this, prefix -- with the appropriate language. from_tcl and extra_info_overridden_set and extra_info_overridden_set[extra_info_spec.arg] and args[1] or enlang) if extra_info_terms then insert(extra_info, extra_info_terms) end end return { lang = args[1], args = args, directives = form_of_directives, descs = descs, extra_info = extra_info, } end -------- Definition-generating functions -- Return a string with the wikilinks to the English translations of the word. local function get_translations(transl, ids) local ret = {} for i, t in ipairs(transl) do local arg_transls = split_on_comma(t) local arg_ids = ids[i] if arg_ids then arg_ids = split_on_comma(arg_ids) if #arg_transls ~= #arg_ids then error(("Saw %s translation%s in t%s=%s but %s ID%s in tid%s=%s"):format( #arg_transls, #arg_transls > 1 and "s" or "", i == 1 and "" or i, t, #arg_ids, #arg_ids > 1 and "'s" or "", i == 1 and "" or i, ids[i])) end end for j, arg_transl in ipairs(arg_transls) do insert(ret, link(arg_transl, "en", arg_ids and arg_ids[j] or nil)) end end return concat(ret, ", ") end -- Return the article (currently always `"the"`) to be prepended to the given placename, or nil. `decorated_placename` -- is the placename as specified by the user along with any affix added to it. `placename` is the raw unlinked -- placename, defaulting to the unlinked version of `decorated_placename` if not given. `placetypes` is a placetype or -- list of placetypes for the placename. `suppress_holonym_use_the_check` suppresses checking the placetypes for -- `holonym_use_the`. local function get_placename_article(decorated_placename, placetypes, placename, suppress_holonym_use_the_check) local unlinked_decorated_placename = m_placetypes.remove_links_and_html(decorated_placename) if unlinked_decorated_placename:find("^the ") then return nil end placename = placename or unlinked_decorated_placename if type(placetypes) == "string" then placetypes = {placetypes} end for _, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do local art = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) local art = m_placetypes.placename_article[pt] and m_placetypes.placename_article[pt][placename] if art then return art end end) if art then return art end end -- Get equivalent placetypes of the specified placetype so that e.g. -- {{place|en|@official name of:Bahamas|island country|r/Caribbean}} put 'the' before Bahamas ("Bahamas" is just -- specified as a country but "island country" falls back to "country"). local all_equiv_placetypes = {} for _, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do local this_equiv_placetypes = m_placetypes.get_placetype_equivs(placetype) for _, this_equiv_placetype in ipairs(this_equiv_placetypes) do insert(all_equiv_placetypes, this_equiv_placetype.placetype) end end -- Look for a known location. We should be using find_matching_holonym_location() but that function doesn't -- currently work without alias resolution. Instead we check if any matching location has `the = true` set. -- In practice there aren't any cases where a given placename matches two locations, only one of which has -- `the = true` set. for group, key, spec in m_placetypes.iterate_matching_location { placetypes = all_equiv_placetypes, placename = placename, alias_resolution = "none", } do -- `iterate_holonym_location` doesn't initialize the spec if alias resolution is turned off, so check both -- the spec and group. Be careful in case `the = false` is explicitly given by the spec. if spec.the ~= nil then if spec.the then return "the" end elseif group.default_the then return "the" end end if not suppress_holonym_use_the_check then -- See if the placetype requests an article to be placed before the placename. This occurs e.g. with 'sea'. But -- if the user specifies e.g. "sea:pref/Cortez", we'll wrongly get "the sea of the Cortez", so in that case we -- need to ignore the holonym article specified along with the placetype. for _, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do local holonym_use_the = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) return placetype_data[pt] and placetype_data[pt].holonym_use_the end) if holonym_use_the then return "the" end end end local universal_res = m_placetypes.placename_the_re["*"] for _, re in ipairs(universal_res) do if unlinked_decorated_placename:find(re) then return "the" end end for _, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do local matched = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) local res = m_placetypes.placename_the_re[pt] if not res then return nil end for _, re in ipairs(res) do if unlinked_decorated_placename:find(re) then return true end end return nil end) if matched then return "the" end end return nil end -- Prepend the appropriate article if needed to `decorated_placename` (the user-specified placename with any affix -- added), where the underlying holonym object that generated `linked_placename` can be found at `holonym_index` in the -- holonyms in `place_desc`. local function get_holonym_article(decorated_placename, place_desc, holonym_index) local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] local holonym_placetype = holonym.placetype if not holonym_placetype then return nil end return get_placename_article(decorated_placename, holonym_placetype, holonym.unlinked_placename, not not holonym.affix_type) end -- Convert a holonym into display format. This adds wikilinks to holonyms and passes them through any display handlers, -- which may (e.g.) add the placetype to the holonym. If `needs_article` is true, prepend the article `"the"` if the -- holonym requires it (e.g. if the holonym is `United States`). `needs_article` is set to true we are processing the -- first specified holonym in an old-style place description (i.e. the holonym directly following the entry placetype, -- with no raw-text holonym in between). -- -- Examples: -- ({placetype = "country", display_placename = "United States", unlinked_placename = "United States"}, true) returns -- the template-expanded equivalent of "the {{l|en|United States}}". -- ({placetype = "region", display_placename = "O'Higgins", unlinked_placename = "O'Higgins", affix_type = "suf"}, false) -- returns the template-expanded equivalent of "{{l|en|O'Higgins}} region". -- ({display_placename = "in the southern"}, false) returns "in the southern" (without wikilinking because .placetype -- and .langcode are both nil). local function format_holonym(place_desc, holonym_index, needs_article) local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] if holonym.no_display then return "" end local orig_needs_article = needs_article needs_article = needs_article or holonym.needs_article or holonym.force_the local output = holonym.display_placename local placetype = holonym.placetype local affix_type_pt_data, affix_type, affix_is_prefix, affix, prefix, suffix, no_affix_strings local pt_equiv_for_affix_type, already_seen_affix, need_affix -- Implement display handlers. local display_handler = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) return placetype_data[pt] and placetype_data[pt].display_handler end) if display_handler then output = display_handler(placetype, output) end if not holonym.suppress_affix then -- Implement adding an affix (prefix or suffix) based on the holonym's placetype. The affix will be -- added either if the placetype's placetype_data spec says so (by setting 'affix_type'), or if the -- user explicitly called for this (e.g. by using 'r:suf/O'Higgins'). Before adding the affix, -- however, we check to see if the affix is already present (e.g. the placetype is "district" -- and the placename is "Mission District"). The placetype can override the affix to add (by setting -- `prefix`, `suffix` or `affix`) and/or override the strings used for checking if the affix is already -- present (by setting 'no_affix_strings', which defaults to the affix explicitly given through `prefix`, -- `suffix` or `affix` if any are given). `prefix` and `suffix` take precedence over `affix` if both are -- set, but only when the appropriate type of affix is requested. -- Search through equivalent placetypes for a setting of `affix_type`, `affix`, `prefix` or `suffix`. If we -- find any, use them. If `affix_type` is given, it is overridden by the user's explicitly specified affix -- type. If either an `affix_type` is found or the user explicitly specified an affix type, the affix is -- displayed according to the following: -- 1. If `prefix`, `suffix` or `affix` is given by the placetype or equivalent placetypes, use it (e.g. -- placetype `administrative region` requests suffix "region" but doesn't set affix type; if the user -- explicitly specifies `administrative region` as the placetype for a holonym and specifies a suffixal -- affix type, use "region"). In this search, we stop looking if we find an explicit `affix_type` -- setting; if this is found without an associated affix setting, the assumption is the associated -- placetype was intended as the affix, not some explicit affix setting associated with a fallback -- placetype. -- 2. Otherwise, if the user explicitly requested an affix type, use the actual placetype (principle of -- least surprise). -- 3. Finally, fall back to the placetype associated with an explicit `affix_type` setting (which will -- always exist if we get this far). affix_type_pt_data, pt_equiv_for_affix_type = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) local cdpt = placetype_data[pt] return cdpt and cdpt.affix_type and cdpt or nil end ) affix_pt_data, pt_equiv_for_affix = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) local cdpt = placetype_data[pt] return cdpt and (cdpt.affix_type or cdpt.affix or cdpt.prefix or cdpt.suffix) and cdpt or nil end ) if affix_type_pt_data then affix_type = affix_type_pt_data.affix_type need_affix = true end if affix_pt_data then prefix = affix_pt_data.prefix or affix_pt_data.affix suffix = affix_pt_data.suffix or affix_pt_data.affix need_affix = true end no_affix_strings = affix_pt_data and affix_pt_data.no_affix_strings or affix_type_pt_data and affix_type_pt_data.no_affix_strings if holonym.affix_type and placetype then affix_type = holonym.affix_type prefix = prefix or placetype suffix = suffix or placetype need_affix = true end if need_affix then -- At this point the affix_type has been determined and can't change any more, so we can figure out -- whether we need the calculated prefix or suffix. affix_is_prefix = affix_type == "pref" or affix_type == "Pref" if affix_is_prefix then affix = prefix else affix = suffix end if not affix then if not pt_equiv_for_affix_type then internal_error("Something wrong, `pt_equiv_for_affix_type` not set processing holonym: %s", holonym) end affix = pt_equiv_for_affix_type.placetype if not affix then internal_error("Something wrong, no affix could be located in `pt_equiv_for_affix_type` for " .. "holonym %s: %s", holonym, pt_equiv_for_affix_type) end end no_affix_strings = no_affix_strings or lc(affix) if holonym.pluralize_affix then affix = m_placetypes.pluralize_placetype(affix) end already_seen_affix = m_placetypes.check_already_seen_string(output, no_affix_strings) end end output = link(output, holonym.langcode or placetype and "en" or nil) if need_affix and not affix_is_prefix and not already_seen_affix then output = output .. " " .. (affix_type == "Suf" and ucfirst_all(affix) or affix) end if needs_article then local article = holonym.force_the and "the" or get_holonym_article(output, place_desc, holonym_index) if article then output = article .. " " .. output end end if affix_is_prefix and not already_seen_affix then output = (affix_type == "Pref" and ucfirst_all(affix) or affix) .. " of " .. output if orig_needs_article then -- Put the article before the added affix if we're the first holonym in the place description. This is -- distinct from the article added above for the holonym itself; cf. "c:pref/United States,Canada" -> -- "the countries of the United States and Canada". We need to use the value of `needs_article` passed -- in from the function, which indicates whether we're processing the first holonym. output = "the " .. output end end return output end -- Format a holonym for display, taking into account the entry's placetype (specifically, the last placetype if there -- are more than one, excluding conjunctions and parenthetical items); the holonym's index among the holonyms in the -- template (which specifies what the previous holonym is and whether it is the first holonym); and the full place -- description (which helps resolve ambiguities in holonyms when looking up known locations). This may involve putting a -- preposition ("in" or "of") before the formatted holonym, particularly if it is the first one, and may involve -- prepending a comma. If `holonym_no_prefix` is specified, nothing except a space is put before the holonym; used -- when formatting mixed new/old-style descriptions. local function format_holonym_in_context(entry_placetype, place_desc, holonym_index, holonym_no_prefix) local desc = "" -- If holonym.placetype is nil, the holonym is just raw text, e.g. 'in southern'. if holonym_no_prefix then desc = " " else local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] if not holonym.no_display then -- First compute the initial delimiter. if holonym_index == 1 then if holonym.placetype then desc = desc .. " " .. m_placetypes.get_placetype_entry_preposition(entry_placetype) .. " " elseif not holonym.display_placename:find("^,") then desc = desc .. " " end else local prev_holonym = place_desc.holonyms[holonym_index - 1] if prev_holonym.placetype and not holonym.suppress_comma then local dname = holonym.display_placename if dname ~= "and" and dname ~= "in" and dname ~= "and the" and dname ~= "in the" then desc = desc .. "," end end if holonym.placetype or not holonym.display_placename:find("^,") then desc = desc .. " " end end end end return desc .. format_holonym(place_desc, holonym_index, not holonym_no_prefix and holonym_index == 1) end -- Return the linked description of a placetype. This splits off any qualifiers and displays them separately. local function get_placetype_description(placetype) local splits = m_placetypes.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype) local prefix = "" for _, split in ipairs(splits) do local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, bare_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3) if this_qualifier then prefix = (prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. " " .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier) .. " " else prefix = "" end local display_form = m_placetypes.get_placetype_display_form(bare_placetype) if display_form then return prefix .. display_form end placetype = bare_placetype end return prefix .. placetype end -- Return the linked description of a qualifier (which may be multiple words). local function get_qualifier_description(qualifier) local splits = m_placetypes.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(qualifier .. " foo") local split = splits[#splits] local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, bare_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3) return prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. " " .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier end -- Format a set of form-of directive terms. local function format_form_of_directive(overall_place_spec, directive_terms, ucfirst, from_tcl) local formatted_terms = {} local placetypes if not overall_place_spec.descs[2] then placetypes = overall_place_spec.descs[1].placetypes else placetypes = {} for _, desc in ipairs(overall_place_spec.descs) do m_table.extend(placetypes, desc.placetypes) end end for _, termobj in ipairs(directive_terms.terms) do local placename_article if not termobj.alt and termobj.term and not termobj.term:find("%[%[") then placename_article = get_placename_article(termobj.term, placetypes) end local linked_term = m_links.full_link(termobj, "term", nil, "show qualifiers") linked_term = "<span class='form-of-definition-link'>" .. linked_term .. "</span>" if termobj.eq then linked_term = linked_term .. " (= " .. m_links.full_link {term = termobj.eq, lang = enlang} .. ")" end if placename_article then linked_term = placename_article .. " " .. linked_term end insert(formatted_terms, linked_term) end local spec = directive_terms.spec local text = spec.text if type(text) == "function" then text = text(overall_place_spec) end if text == "+" then text = directive_terms.directive end if ucfirst then text = m_strutils.ucfirst(text) end if not from_tcl then local tracking_prefix = "form-of/" .. directive_terms.directive track(tracking_prefix) local langcode = overall_place_spec.lang:getCode() local full_langcode = overall_place_spec.lang:getFullCode() track(tracking_prefix .. "/" .. langcode) if full_langcode ~= langcode then track(tracking_prefix .. "/" .. full_langcode) end if full_langcode ~= "en" then track(tracking_prefix .. "/non-english") end end return (require(form_of_module).format_form_of { text = text, lemmas = m_table.serialCommaJoin(formatted_terms, {conj = directive_terms.conj or spec.conjunction or "and"}), lemma_classes = false, -- text_classes = "place-text", }) end -- Format a set of extra-info terms for extra information that is sometimes added to a definition, such as the capital, -- largest city, modern name, official name, etc. `overall_place_spec` is the overall parsed {{tl|place}} spec (see -- comment at top of file); `extra_info_terms` is the terms spec for this type of extra-info (as returned by -- `parse_extra_info_arg`); and `sentence_style` indicates whether we're generating a sentence-style definition (as -- suitable for an English-language term without a translation specified using t=). local function format_extra_info(overall_place_spec, extra_info_terms, sentence_style) local formatted_terms = {} for _, termobj in ipairs(extra_info_terms.terms) do insert(formatted_terms, m_links.full_link(termobj, nil, nil, "show qualifiers")) end local spec = extra_info_terms.spec local text = spec.text if type(text) == "function" then text = text(overall_place_spec) end if text == "+" then text = spec.arg end if spec.auto_plural and formatted_terms[2] then text = pluralize(text) end if spec.with_colon then text = text .. ":" end if sentence_style and spec.match_sentence_style then text = ". " .. m_strutils.ucfirst(text) else text = "; " .. text end -- FIME: Use joinSegments when available. -- return text .. " " .. -- m_table.joinSegments(formatted_terms, {conj = extra_info_terms.conj or spec.conjunction or "and"}) return text .. " " .. m_table.serialCommaJoin(formatted_terms, {conj = extra_info_terms.conj or spec.conjunction or "and"}) end -- Format an old-style place description (with separate arguments for the placetype and each holonym) for display and -- return the resulting string. local function format_old_style_place_desc_for_display(args, place_desc, desc_index, with_article, ucfirst) -- The placetype used to determine whether "in" or "of" follows is the last placetype if there are -- multiple slash-separated placetypes, but ignoring "and", "or" and parenthesized notes -- such as "(one of 254)". local entry_placetype = nil local placetypes = place_desc.placetypes local function is_and_or(item) return item == "and" or item == "or" end local parts = {} local function ins(txt) insert(parts, txt) end local function ins_space() if #parts > 0 then ins(" ") end end local and_or_pos for i, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do if is_and_or(placetype) then and_or_pos = i -- no break here; we want the last in case of more than one end end local remaining_placetype_index if and_or_pos then track("multiple-placetypes-with-and") if and_or_pos == #placetypes then error("Conjunctions 'and' and 'or' cannot occur last in a set of slash-separated placetypes: " .. concat(placetypes, "/")) end local items = {} for i = 1, and_or_pos + 1 do local pt = placetypes[i] if is_and_or(pt) then -- skip elseif i > 1 and pt:find("^%(") then -- append placetypes beginning with a paren to previous item items[#items] = items[#items] .. " " .. pt else entry_placetype = pt insert(items, get_placetype_description(pt)) end end ins(m_table.serialCommaJoin(items, {conj = placetypes[and_or_pos]})) remaining_placetype_index = and_or_pos + 2 else remaining_placetype_index = 1 end for i = remaining_placetype_index, #placetypes do local pt = placetypes[i] -- Check for and, or and placetypes beginning with a paren (so that things like -- "{{place|en|county/(one of 254)|s/Texas}}" work). if m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable(pt) then ins_space() ins(pt) else entry_placetype = pt -- Join multiple placetypes with comma unless placetypes are already -- joined with "and". We allow "the" to precede the second placetype -- if they're not joined with "and" (so we get "city and county seat of ..." -- but "city, the county seat of ..."). if i > 1 then ins(", ") local article = m_placetypes.get_placetype_article(pt) if article ~= "the" and i > remaining_placetype_index then -- Track cases where we are comma-separating multiple placetypes without the second one starting -- with "the", as they may be mistakes. The occurrence of "the" is usually intentional, e.g. -- {{place|zh|municipality/state capital|s/Rio de Janeiro|c/Brazil|t1=Rio de Janeiro}} -- for the city of [[Rio de Janeiro]], which displays as "a municipality, the state capital of ...". track("multiple-placetypes-without-and-or-the") end if article then ins(article) ins(" ") end end ins(get_placetype_description(pt)) end end if place_desc.holonyms then for holonym_index, _ in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do ins(format_holonym_in_context(entry_placetype, place_desc, holonym_index)) end end local gloss = concat(parts) if with_article then local article if desc_index == 1 then article = args.a else if not place_desc.holonyms then -- there isn't a following holonym; the place type given might be raw text as well, so don't add -- an article. with_article = false else local saw_placetype_holonym = false for _, holonym in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do if holonym.placetype then saw_placetype_holonym = true break end end if not saw_placetype_holonym then -- following holonym(s)s is/are just raw text; the place type given might be raw text as well, -- so don't add an article. with_article = false end end if with_article then track("second-or-higher-description-with-added-article") else track("second-or-higher-description-suppressed-article") end end if with_article then article = article or m_placetypes.get_placetype_article(place_desc.placetypes[1], ucfirst) if article then gloss = article .. " " .. gloss elseif ucfirst then gloss = m_strutils.ucfirst(gloss) end end end return gloss end --[==[ Get the full gloss (English description) of a new-style place description. New-style place descriptions are specified with a single string containing raw text interspersed with placetypes and holonyms surrounded by `<<...>>`. Exported for use by [[Module:demonyms]]. ]==] function export.format_new_style_place_desc_for_display(args, place_desc, with_article) local parts = {} local function ins(txt) insert(parts, txt) end if with_article and args.a then ins(args.a .. " ") end local max_holonym = 0 for _, order in ipairs(place_desc.order) do local segment_type, segment = order.type, order.value if segment_type == "raw" then ins(segment) elseif segment_type == "placetype" then ins(get_placetype_description(segment)) elseif segment_type == "qualifier" then ins(get_qualifier_description(segment)) elseif segment_type == "holonym" then ins(format_holonym(place_desc, segment, false)) if segment > max_holonym then max_holonym = segment end else internal_error("Unrecognized segment type %s", segment_type) end end if place_desc.holonyms and max_holonym < #place_desc.holonyms then local holonym_no_prefix = true for holonym_index = max_holonym + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do ins(format_holonym_in_context(nil, place_desc, holonym_index, holonym_no_prefix)) holonym_no_prefix = false end end return concat(parts) end -- Return a string with the gloss (the description of the place itself, as opposed to translations). If `ucfirst` is -- given, the gloss's first letter is made upper case. If `sentence_style` is given, the "extra info" (modern name, -- capital, largest city, etc.) is displayed as separated sentences; otherwise, it is displayed separated from the main -- definition by semicolons. local function get_display_form(data) local overall_place_spec, ucfirst, sentence_style, drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set, from_tcl = data.overall_place_spec, data.ucfirst, data.sentence_style, data.drop_extra_info, data.extra_info_overridden_set, data.from_tcl local args = overall_place_spec.args local parts = {} local function ins(txt) table.insert(parts, txt) end if overall_place_spec.directives and overall_place_spec.directives[1] then for i, directive_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do ins(directive_terms.pretext) if directive_terms.pretext ~= "" then ucfirst = false end if not args.def or args.def == "-" then ins(format_form_of_directive(overall_place_spec, directive_terms, ucfirst, from_tcl)) ucfirst = false if i == #overall_place_spec.directives and directive_terms.posttext then ins(directive_terms.posttext) end end end end if args.def == "-" then return concat(parts) end if args.def then if args.def:find("<<") then local def_desc = export.parse_new_style_place_desc(args.def, args[1]) ins(export.format_new_style_place_desc_for_display({}, def_desc, false)) else ins(args.def) end else local include_article = true for n, desc in ipairs(overall_place_spec.descs) do if desc.order then ins(export.format_new_style_place_desc_for_display(args, desc, n == 1)) else ins(format_old_style_place_desc_for_display(args, desc, n, include_article, ucfirst)) end if desc.joiner then ins(desc.joiner) end include_article = desc.include_following_article ucfirst = false end end local addl = args.addl if addl then posttext = posttext or "" if addl:find("^[;:]") then ins(addl) elseif addl:find("^_") then ins(" " .. addl:sub(2)) else ins(", " .. addl) end end for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do -- Include a given extra info term either when -- (1) drop_extra_info not set (it's set by {{tcl}}), or -- (2) the extra info term is marked as "display even when dropped" (e.g. modern= or full=, to help understand -- the term's sense), or -- (3) the term was overridden by a `place_*=` setting in {{tcl}}. if not drop_extra_info or extra_info_terms.spec.display_even_when_dropped or extra_info_overridden_set and extra_info_overridden_set[extra_info_terms.spec.arg] then ins(format_extra_info(overall_place_spec, extra_info_terms, sentence_style)) end end return concat(parts) end -- Return the definition line. local function get_def(data) local overall_place_spec, from_tcl, drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set, translation_follows = data.overall_place_spec, data.from_tcl, data.drop_extra_info, data.extra_info_overridden_set, data.translation_follows local args = overall_place_spec.args local sentence_style = overall_place_spec.lang:getCode() == "en" local ucfirst = sentence_style and not args.nocap if #args.t > 0 then local gloss = get_display_form { overall_place_spec = overall_place_spec, ucfirst = false, sentence_style = false, drop_extra_info = drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set = extra_info_overridden_set, from_tcl = from_tcl, } if from_tcl and not args.tcl_nolc then gloss = m_strutils.lcfirst(gloss) end if translation_follows then return (gloss == "" and "" or gloss .. ": ") .. get_translations(args.t, args.tid) else return get_translations(args.t, args.tid) .. (gloss == "" and "" or " (" .. gloss .. ")") end else return get_display_form { overall_place_spec = overall_place_spec, ucfirst = ucfirst, sentence_style = sentence_style, drop_extra_info = drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set = extra_info_overridden_set, from_tcl = from_tcl, } end end ---------- Functions for the category wikicode -- The code in this section finds the categories to which a given place belongs. See comment at top of file. --[=[ Find the appropriate category specs for a given place description and placetype. For example, for the template invocation {{tl|place|en|city/and/county|s/Pennsylvania|c/US}}, which results in the place description ``` { placetypes = {"city", "and", "county"}, holonyms = { {placetype = "state", display_placename = "Pennsylvania", unlinked_placename = "Pennsylvania"}, {placetype = "country", display_placename = "United States", unlinked_placename = "United States"}, }, holonyms_by_placetype = { state = {"Pennsylvania"}, country = {"United States"}, }, } ``` the call ``` find_placetype_cat_specs { entry_placetype = "city", place_desc = { placetypes = {"city", "and", "county"}, holonyms = { {placetype = "state", display_placename = "Pennsylvania", unlinked_placename = "Pennsylvania"}, {placetype = "country", display_placename = "United States", unlinked_placename = "United States"}, }, holonyms_by_placetype = { state = {"Pennsylvania"}, country = {"United States"}, }, }, } ``` might produce the return value ``` { entry_placetype = "city", cat_specs = {"Cities in Pennsylvania, USA"}, triggering_holonym = {placetype = "state", display_placename = "Pennsylvania", unlinked_placename = "Pennsylvania"}, triggering_holonym_index = 1, } ``` See the comment at the top of the section for a description of category specs and the overall algorithm. On entry, `data` is an object with the following fields: * `entry_placetype`: the entry placetype (or equivalent) used to look up the category data in placetype_data, which must have already been resolved to a placetype with an entry in `placetype_data`; * `place_desc`: the full place description as documented at the top of the file (used only for its holonyms); * `first_holonym_index`: the index of the first holonym to consider when iterating through the holonyms (used to implement the `:also` holonym placetype modifier); * `overriding_holonym`: an optional overriding holonym to use, in place of iterating through the holonyms (used to implement categorizing other holonyms of the same type as the triggering holonym, so that e.g. {{tl|place|en|river|s/Kansas,Nebraska}}, or equivalently {{tl|place|en|river|s/Kansas|and|s/Nebraska}}, works); * `from_demonym`: we are called from {{tl|demonym-noun}} or {{tl|demonym-adj}} instead of {{tl|place}}, and should generate categories appropriate to those templates. * `form_of_directive`: A form-of directive prefix such as `FORMER_NAME_OF`. If specified, use that type prefix to generate categories appropriate to the form-of directive (in addition to the regular categories generated for the {{tl|place}} invocation, which happens in a separate call). The return value is {nil} if no category specs could be located, otherwise an object with the following fields: * `entry_placetype`: the placetype that should be used to construct categories when `true` is one of the returned category specs (normally the same as the `entry_placetype` passed in, but will be different when a "fallback" key exists and is used); * `cat_specs`: list of category specs as described above; * `triggering_holonym`: the triggering holonym (see the comment at the top of the section), or nil if there was no triggering holonym; * `triggering_holonym_index`: the index of the triggering holonym in the list of holonyms in `place_desc`, or nil if an overriding holonym was passed in or there was no triggering holonym. ]=] local function find_placetype_cat_specs(data) local entry_placetype, place_desc, first_holonym_index, overriding_holonym, from_demonym = data.entry_placetype, data.place_desc, data.first_holonym_index, data.overriding_holonym, data.from_demonym local form_of_directive = data.form_of_directive local function fetch_cat_specs(holonym_to_match, index, no_fallback) local holonym_placetype = holonym_to_match.placetype if not holonym_placetype then -- raw text in place of holonym return nil end local holonym_placename = holonym_to_match.unlinked_placename if not holonym_placename then internal_error("Missing unlinked_placename in holonym (index %s): %s", index, holonym_to_match) end local cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, function(equiv_entry_pt) return m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(equiv_holonym_pt) return m_placetypes.political_division_cat_handler { entry_placetype = equiv_entry_pt, holonym_placetype = equiv_holonym_pt, holonym_placename = holonym_placename, holonym_index = index, place_desc = place_desc, from_demonym = from_demonym, } end) end, {no_fallback = no_fallback, form_of_directive = form_of_directive} ) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype end local cat_handler, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, function(equiv_entry_pt) local entry_placetype_data = m_placetypes.placetype_data[equiv_entry_pt] if entry_placetype_data and entry_placetype_data.cat_handler then return entry_placetype_data.cat_handler end end, {no_fallback = no_fallback, form_of_directive = form_of_directive} ) if cat_handler then local cat_specs = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(equiv_holonym_pt) return cat_handler { entry_placetype = equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype, holonym_placetype = equiv_holonym_pt, holonym_placename = holonym_placename, holonym_index = index, place_desc = place_desc, from_demonym = from_demonym, } end) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype end end if not no_fallback then local cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, function(equiv_entry_pt) local entry_placetype_data = m_placetypes.placetype_data[equiv_entry_pt] if entry_placetype_data then return m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(equiv_holonym_pt) return entry_placetype_data[equiv_holonym_pt .. "/*"] end) end end, {form_of_directive = form_of_directive} ) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype end end return nil end if overriding_holonym then -- FIXME, change the algorithm to eliminate overriding_holonym local cat_specs, fetched_entry_placetype = fetch_cat_specs(overriding_holonym, nil) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return { entry_placetype = fetched_entry_placetype, cat_specs = cat_specs, triggering_holonym = overriding_holonym, -- no triggering_holonym_index } end else -- We loop twice over holonyms, the first time setting `no_fallback` so that we process only category specs for -- the specifically given entry placetype (possibly with preceding qualifiers). The reason for this is to -- correctly handle cases like [[Poblacion IX]]: -- {{place|en|barangay|mun/Roxas|p/Capiz|c/Philippines}}. -- "barangay" falls back to "neighborhood", and without the `no_fallback` loop, the neighborhood cat handler run -- on the mun/Roxas holonym will take precedence over the barangay-specific setting for p/Capiz because we -- check, for each holonym in turn, first for a matching spec through political_division_cat_handler, then a cat -- handler, then a wildcard spec like country/*. During the first no-fallback loop, we disable checking for -- wildcard specs because it seems a fallback matching exactly or through a cat handler on an earlier holonym -- would be better than a wildcard match for the exact entry placetype at a later holonym. (FIXME: But I don't -- know for sure; maybe we should check wildcard holonyms on the exact entry placetype first, or contrariwise -- maybe we should check only exact-match holonyms through political_division_cat_handler on the exact entry -- placetype first, not even checking other cat handlers.) for i, holonym in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do if first_holonym_index and i < first_holonym_index then -- continue else local cat_specs, fetched_entry_placetype = fetch_cat_specs(holonym, i, "no_fallback") if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return { entry_placetype = fetched_entry_placetype, cat_specs = cat_specs, triggering_holonym = holonym, triggering_holonym_index = i, } end end end for i, holonym in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do if first_holonym_index and i < first_holonym_index then -- continue else local cat_specs, fetched_entry_placetype = fetch_cat_specs(holonym, i) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return { entry_placetype = fetched_entry_placetype, cat_specs = cat_specs, triggering_holonym = holonym, triggering_holonym_index = i, } end end end end return nil end -- Turn a list of category specs (see comment at section top) into the corresponding categories (minus the language -- code prefix). The function is given the following arguments: -- (1) the category specs retrieved using find_placetype_cat_specs(); -- (2) the entry placetype used to fetch the entry in `placetype_data` -- (3) the triggering holonym (a holonym object; see comment at top of file) used to fetch the category specs -- (see top-of-section comment); or nil if no triggering holonym. -- The return value is constructed as described in the top-of-section comment. local function cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, cat_data) local all_cats = {} local cat_specs, entry_placetype, triggering_holonym, triggering_holonym_index = cat_data.cat_specs, cat_data.entry_placetype, cat_data.triggering_holonym, cat_data.triggering_holonym_index if triggering_holonym then for _, cat_spec in ipairs(cat_specs) do local cat if cat_spec == true then cat = m_placetypes.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype, "ucfirst") .. " " .. m_placetypes.get_placetype_entry_preposition(entry_placetype) .. " +++" else cat = cat_spec end if cat:find("%+%+%+") then local group, key, spec, container_trail = m_placetypes.find_matching_holonym_location { holonym_placetype = triggering_holonym.placetype, holonym_placename = triggering_holonym.unlinked_placename, holonym_index = triggering_holonym_index, place_desc = place_desc, } if group then cat = cat:gsub("%+%+%+", m_strutils.replacement_escape(m_placetypes.get_prefixed_key(key, spec))) insert(all_cats, cat) else mw.log(("Unable to insert category for cat spec '%s' because holonym '%s/%s' did not match a " .. "known location"):format(cat, triggering_holonym.placetype, triggering_holonym.unlinked_placename)) track("cant-match-holonym-for-category-spec") end else insert(all_cats, cat) end end else for _, cat_spec in ipairs(cat_specs) do local cat if cat_spec == true then cat = m_placetypes.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype, "ucfirst") else cat = cat_spec if cat:find("%+%+%+") then internal_error("Category %s contains +++ but there is no holonym to substitute", cat) end end insert(all_cats, cat) end end return all_cats end -- Return the categories (without initial lang code) that should be added to the entry, given the place description -- (which specifies the entry placetype(s) and holonym(s); see top of file) and a particular entry placetype (e.g. -- "city"). Note that only the holonyms from the place description are looked at, not the entry placetypes in the place -- description. local function get_placetype_cats(place_desc, entry_placetype, from_demonym, form_of_directive) local cats = {} local first_holonym_index = 1 while first_holonym_index <= #place_desc.holonyms do -- Find the category specs (see top-of-file comment) corresponding to the holonym(s) in the place description. local cat_data = find_placetype_cat_specs { entry_placetype = entry_placetype, place_desc = place_desc, first_holonym_index = first_holonym_index, from_demonym = from_demonym, form_of_directive = form_of_directive, } -- Check if no category spec could be found. if not cat_data then break end local triggering_holonym = cat_data.triggering_holonym if not triggering_holonym then internal_error("find_placetype_cat_specs should have returned a triggering holonym: %s", cat_data) end -- Generate categories for the category specs found. extend(cats, cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, cat_data)) -- Also generate categories for other holonyms of the same placetype, so that e.g. -- {{place|en|city|s/Kansas|and|s/Missouri|c/USA}} generates both [[:Category:en:Cities in Kansas, USA]] and -- [[:Category:en:Cities in Missouri, USA]]. first_holonym_index = cat_data.triggering_holonym_index -- Loop over non-fallback equivalent placetypes to the triggering holonym's placetype, in case it is -- non-canonical (e.g. `cities/San Francisco`). This matches the loop over equivalent places in -- key_holonym_into_place_desc(). local equiv_triggering_placetypes = m_placetypes.get_placetype_equivs(triggering_holonym.placetype, {no_fallback = true}) for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_triggering_placetypes) do local other_holonyms_of_same_type = place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[equiv.placetype] if other_holonyms_of_same_type then for _, other_placename_of_same_type in ipairs(other_holonyms_of_same_type) do if other_placename_of_same_type ~= triggering_holonym.unlinked_placename then local overriding_holonym = { placetype = triggering_holonym.placetype, unlinked_placename = other_placename_of_same_type, } local other_cat_data = find_placetype_cat_specs { entry_placetype = entry_placetype, place_desc = place_desc, overriding_holonym = overriding_holonym, from_demonym = from_demonym, form_of_directive = form_of_directive, } if other_cat_data then extend(cats, cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, other_cat_data)) end end end end end -- If there are any later-specified holonyms that had the modifier :also, try to produce categories for them -- as well. first_holonym_index = first_holonym_index + 1 while first_holonym_index <= #place_desc.holonyms do if place_desc.holonyms[first_holonym_index].continue_cat_loop then break end first_holonym_index = first_holonym_index + 1 end end if cats[1] then return cats end local entry_pt_default, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, function(pt) return m_placetypes.placetype_data[pt] and m_placetypes.placetype_data[pt].default end, {form_of_directive = form_of_directive}) if entry_pt_default then return cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, { cat_specs = entry_pt_default, entry_placetype = equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype, -- no triggering holonym }) end return {} end --[==[ Iterate through each type of place and return a list of the categories that need to be added to the entry. The returned categories need to be formatted using `format_cats`, as they can be either topic-style categories (by default) or langname-style categories (if prefixed with `cln:`). The function is passed the overall place spec, which contains all the parsed info on the {{tl|place}} call (see comment at top of file), the parsed arguments (needed for arguments not parsed by `parse_overall_place_spec` and used primarily to add "bare categories" corresponding to toponyms for known locations), and `from_demonym`, which is true if we're being called from {{tl|demonym-noun}} or {{tl|demonym-adj}} (in this case, we only want certain categories added, specifically bare categories corresponding to the specified holonym(s)). ]==] function export.get_cats(args, overall_place_spec, from_demonym) local cats = {} local place_descriptions = overall_place_spec.descs handle_category_implications(place_descriptions, m_placetypes.cat_implications) m_placetypes.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descriptions) if overall_place_spec.directives then -- not necessarily when called from [[Module:demonym]] for _, directive_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do local spec_cats = directive_terms.spec.cat if spec_cats then if type(spec_cats) == "string" then spec_cats = {spec_cats} end for _, spec_cat in ipairs(spec_cats) do insert(cats, spec_cat) end end if directive_terms.spec.type_prefix then for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descriptions) do for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do if not m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then extend(cats, get_placetype_cats(place_desc, placetype, from_demonym, directive_terms.spec.type_prefix)) end end end end end end if not from_demonym then local bare_categories = m_placetypes.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec) extend(cats, bare_categories) end for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descriptions) do if not from_demonym then for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do if not m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then extend(cats, get_placetype_cats(place_desc, placetype)) end end end -- Also add generic place categories for the holonyms listed (e.g. a category like -- [[Category:Places in Merseyside, England]]). This is handled through the special placetype "*". extend(cats, get_placetype_cats(place_desc, "*", from_demonym)) end if args.cat then -- not necessarily when called from [[Module:demonym]] for _, cat in ipairs(args.cat) do local split_cats = split_on_comma(cat) extend(cats, split_cats) end end return cats end -- Return the category link for a category, given the language code and the name of the category. local function format_cats(lang, cats, sort_key) local full_cats = {} local langcode = lang:getFullCode() for _, cat in ipairs(cats) do -- 'cln' corresponds to {{cln}}, which generates lang-name categories like [[:Category:English abbreviations]] -- (as opposed to topic categories like [[:Category:en:Abbreviations of states of the United States]]). local cln_cat = cat:match("^cln:(.*)$") if cln_cat then insert(full_cats, lang:getFullName() .. " " .. cln_cat) else insert(full_cats, langcode .. ":" .. cat) end end return require(utilities_module).format_categories(full_cats, lang, sort_key, nil, force_cat or m_placetypes.get_force_cat()) end ----------- Main entry point --[==[ Implementation of {{tl|place}}. Meant to be callable from another module (specifically, [[Module:transclude]]). The single argument `data` is an object with the following fields: * `template_args`: Raw arguments specified by {{tl|place}}, possibly modified by {{tl|tcl}}. * `from_tcl`: True if we're being invoked from {{tl|tcl}}. * `drop_extra_info`: True if we should drop most of the "extra info" specified using extra info arguments (capital, largest city, etc.). Usually true when invoked from {{tl|tcl}}. Note that some extra info is still displayed even when `drop_extra_info` is set in order to establish the context (e.g. {{para|full}} and {{para|modern}}), and any extra info overridden at the {{tl|tcl}} level is displayed regardless. * `extra_info_overridden_set`: Set of booleans specifying, for each extra info arg, whether it was overridden at the {{tl|tcl}} level. This means, for example, that the values are interpreted according to the language in {{para|1}} instead of always defaulting to English, as is the case when {{tl|place}} is called directly. * `form_of_overridden_args`: Set of objects of the form `{new_directive = ``directive``, new_value = ``value``}` for overriding a given form-of directive (the key) with new directive ``directive`` and new unparsed value ``value``. Both the key and the replacing directive should be canonical. ``value`` will be parsed in the same way as a regular form-of directive except that all specified terms are interpreted in the language specified in {{para|1}}, never in English. This is present so that {{tl|tcl}} can be used on abbreviations like [[GDR]] and [[FYROM]], whose equivalents in a foreign language have language-specific expansions but where the rest of the call should stay the same. * `translation_follows`: If true, any translation specified using t= should follow the definition, after a colon, rather than preceding, with the definition in parens. ]==] function export.format(data) local template_args = data.template_args local list_param = {list = true} local boolean_param = {type = "boolean"} local params = { [1] = {required = true, type = "language", default = "und"}, [2] = {required = true, list = true}, ["t"] = list_param, ["tid"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["cat"] = list_param, ["nocat"] = boolean_param, ["nocap"] = boolean_param, ["sort"] = true, ["pagename"] = true, -- for testing or documentation purposes ["a"] = true, ["addl"] = true, ["def"] = true, -- params that are only used when transcluding using {{tcl}}/{{transclude}}, to transmit information to {{tcl}}. ["tcl"] = true, ["tcl_t"] = list_param, ["tcl_tid"] = list_param, ["tcl_nolb"] = true, ["tcl_nolc"] = boolean_param, ["tcl_noextratext"] = boolean_param, } -- add "extra info" parameters for _, extra_arg_spec in ipairs(export.extra_info_args) do params[extra_arg_spec.arg] = list_param end -- FIXME, once we've flushed out any uses, delete the following clause. That will cause def= to be ignored. if template_args.def == "" then error("Cannot currently pass def= as an empty parameter; use def=- if you want to suppress the definition display") end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(template_args, params) if args.a then track("a") if args.a:find("^[Aa]n?$") or args.a:find("^[Tt]he$") then track("a/article") else error("a= can only be used to specify a definite or indefinite article (and preferably use |nocap=1 instead to get the initial letter lowercase); see especially the documentation on the [[Template:place#Mixed format|mixed format]], which can be used to add arbitrary text before the placetype") end end data.args = args local overall_place_spec = parse_overall_place_spec(data) data.overall_place_spec = overall_place_spec return get_def(data) .. ( args.nocat and "" or format_cats(args[1], export.get_cats(args, overall_place_spec), args.sort)) end --[==[ Actual entry point of {{tl|place}}. ]==] function export.show(frame) return export.format { template_args = frame:getParent().args, } end return export 14006m3e32f16t6msgvk7fsloksykq2 0 3786215 7240501 2026-07-05T21:42:55Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=心情}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gūnin|gūnin]]; [[Wt/mnc/mujilen|mujilen]]" 7240501 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=心情}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gūnin|gūnin]]; [[Wt/mnc/mujilen|mujilen]] 7ozkhx2q8i9gzmvr6rncyevi30brb5d 0 3786216 7240502 2026-07-05T21:43:14Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=见解}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gūnin|gūnin]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240502 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=见解}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gūnin|gūnin]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] dpm8whyyopuocz8w6wrgr5211o3710m 0 3786217 7240504 2026-07-05T21:47:50Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=念头}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gūnin|gūnin]]; [[Wt/mnc/mujilen|mujilen]]" 7240504 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=念头}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gūnin|gūnin]]; [[Wt/mnc/mujilen|mujilen]] s9u2ozqsbxemkv9cdqk8isvbyfzudtx 0 3786218 7240505 2026-07-05T21:48:06Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=心意}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gūnin|gūnin]]; [[Wt/mnc/mujilen|mujilen]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240505 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=心意}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gūnin|gūnin]]; [[Wt/mnc/mujilen|mujilen]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] arkvs6enmxqivbjsjp0vg9nmiury958 7240512 7240505 2026-07-05T21:50:58Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240512 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=心意}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== {{Wt/mnc/zh-pron |m=xīnyì |c=sam1 ji3 |ca=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Justinrleung-心意.wav |h=pfs=sîm-yi;hrs=h:simˋ rhiˇ;gd=xim1 yi4 |md=sĭng-é |mn=sim-ì |cat=n }} # [[Wt/mnc/gūnin|gūnin]]; [[Wt/mnc/mujilen|mujilen]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] epbo704g5o6mzqckzolemz9b81pngg0 0 3786219 7240506 2026-07-05T21:48:23Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=意愿}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gūnin|gūnin]]" 7240506 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=意愿}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gūnin|gūnin]] h45qd496psamaha9kodz8oy7khr4xcf 0 3786220 7240507 2026-07-05T21:48:41Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=想法}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gūnin|gūnin]]; [[Wt/mnc/mujilen|mujilen]]" 7240507 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=想法}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gūnin|gūnin]]; [[Wt/mnc/mujilen|mujilen]] m65340tywq4t4gp5v4iclklb3dicerd 0 3786221 7240508 2026-07-05T21:48:55Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=起初}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/da|da]]; [[Wt/mnc/deribun|deribun]]" 7240508 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=起初}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/da|da]]; [[Wt/mnc/deribun|deribun]] ccwszrd0dojm0c4fgmgq99283mwkubw 0 3786222 7240509 2026-07-05T21:49:13Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=首领}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/da|da]]" 7240509 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=首领}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/da|da]] 4th2usx40q6xkan64h38fij3w4einhx 0 3786223 7240510 2026-07-05T21:49:33Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=原先}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/da|da]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240510 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=原先}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/da|da]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] sihnxj9z6d0lf0nttypzfif5qszljyg 0 3786224 7240511 2026-07-05T21:49:52Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=根本}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/da|da]]; [[Wt/mnc/fulehe|fulehe]]" 7240511 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=根本}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/da|da]]; [[Wt/mnc/fulehe|fulehe]] jyjccwnsl8q8x5f8f8u9tj8puyg1n1y 828 3786225 7240513 2026-07-05T21:51:10Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} export.list = { ["xī'ān"] = { "西安", "錫安", "醯胺" }, ["xī'àn"] = { "西岸", "醯胺" }, ["xiàjí"] = { "下極", "下級", "下集" }, ["xiàjià"] = { "下嫁", "下架" }, ["xiàliè"] = { "下列", "下劣" }, ["xiàlìng"] = { "下令", "夏令" }, ["xiàmén"] = { "下門", "廈門" }, ["xiàmiàn"] = { "下面", "下麵" }, ["xiànbào"] = { "線報", "憲報", "現報" }, ["xiānbèi"] = { "先輩", "仙貝" }, ["xiànc..." 7240513 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} export.list = { ["xī'ān"] = { "西安", "錫安", "醯胺" }, ["xī'àn"] = { "西岸", "醯胺" }, ["xiàjí"] = { "下極", "下級", "下集" }, ["xiàjià"] = { "下嫁", "下架" }, ["xiàliè"] = { "下列", "下劣" }, ["xiàlìng"] = { "下令", "夏令" }, ["xiàmén"] = { "下門", "廈門" }, ["xiàmiàn"] = { "下面", "下麵" }, ["xiànbào"] = { "線報", "憲報", "現報" }, ["xiānbèi"] = { "先輩", "仙貝" }, ["xiànchéng"] = { "現成", "見成", "線程", "縣城", "縣丞", "陷城" }, ["xiàndài"] = { "現代", "線代" }, ["xiāndào"] = { "籼稻", "秈稻", "仙道" }, ["xiánfàn"] = { "嫌犯", "鹹飯" }, ["xiāngbāo"] = { "香包", "箱包" }, ["xiāngbào"] = { "相報", "相抱" }, ["xiāngcài"] = { "湘菜", "香菜" }, ["xiāngchéng"] = { "相承", "香橙" }, ["xiàngchéng"] = { "項城", "相城" }, ["xiāngchóu"] = { "相酬", "鄉愁" }, ["xiàngdǎo"] = { "向導", "嚮導" }, ["xiángfú"] = { "降伏", "降服" }, ["xiāngjiàn"] = { "相見", "相間" }, ["xiǎngjiàn"] = { "想見", "響箭", "饗薦" }, ["xiāngjiāo"] = { "相交", "香蕉" }, ["xiàngjiào"] = { "相較", "象教" }, ["xiāngjù"] = { "湘劇", "相聚", "相距", "薌劇" }, ["xiàngliàng"] = { "向量", "相量" }, ["xiàngmào"] = { "像貌", "相貌" }, ["xiàngmù"] = { "嚮慕", "橡木", "項目" }, ["xiàngpí"] = { "橡皮", "象皮" }, ["xiàngpiàn"] = { "像片", "相片" }, ["xiàngpiān"] = { "像片", "相片" }, ["xiāngqīn"] = { "相親", "鄉親" }, ["xiāngrú"] = { "香茹", "香薷" }, ["xiāngshì"] = { "相視", "相識", "鄉試" }, ["xiàngshù"] = { "橡樹", "相術" }, ["xiāngsī"] = { "相思", "鄉思" }, ["xiāngtán"] = { "湘潭", "相談", "鄉談", "香壇", "香檀" }, ["xiāngwéi"] = { "相為", "相違" }, ["xiǎngxiàng"] = { "想像", "想象" }, ["xiǎngxiànglì"] = { "想像力", "想象力" }, ["xiāngyīn"] = { "相因", "鄉音" }, ["xiāngyìng"] = { "相應", "相映" }, ["xiāngyǔ"] = { "湘語", "相與" }, ["xiàngzhě"] = { "向者", "相者" }, ["xiāngzhī"] = { "相知", "香脂", "香芝" }, ["xiánhuì"] = { "賢惠", "賢慧" }, ["xiànjì"] = { "獻技", "獻計" }, ["xiànjiè"] = { "縣界", "限界" }, ["xiànjīn"] = { "獻金", "現今", "現金" }, ["xiánjìng"] = { "咸鏡", "嫻靜" }, ["xiānlì"] = { "先例", "暹粒", "鮮麗" }, ["xiānliè"] = { "先烈", "鮮烈" }, ["xiànlìng"] = { "縣令", "限令" }, ["xiánqì"] = { "嫌棄", "閒棄", "閒氣", "賢契", "銜泣"}, ["xiānqín"] = { "仙禽", "先秦" }, ["xiānrén"] = { "仙人", "先人", "纖人", "憸人" }, ["xiánrén"] = { "賢人", "閒人" }, ["xiànshàng"] = { "獻上", "線上" }, ["xiànshēn"] = { "獻身", "現身", "陷身" }, ["xiānshì"] = { "仙逝", "先世", "先是" }, ["xiánshī"] = { "弦詩", "鹹濕" }, ["xiànshì"] = { "現世", "縣市" }, ["xiànshí"] = { "現實", "現時", "限時", "霰石" }, ["xiánshì"] = { "賢士", "閒事", "閒適" }, ["xiánshú"] = { "嫻熟", "賢淑" }, ["xiánshuǐ"] = { "涎水", "鹹水" }, ["xiànxià"] = { "現下", "線下" }, ["xiànxíng"] = { "現形", "現行", "線形", "限行" }, ["xiǎnyào"] = { "險要", "顯要" }, ["xiányí"] = { "咸宜", "嫌疑" }, ["xiànzài"] = { "現在", "見在" }, ["xiànzhì"] = { "縣志", "限制" }, ["xiànzhì"] = { "縣志", "限制" }, ["xiāobāng"] = { "肖邦", "蕭邦" }, ["xiǎochéng"] = { "小乘", "小城" }, ["xiǎode"] = { "小的", "曉得" }, ["xiàofú"] = { "孝服", "校服" }, ["xiāohuà"] = { "消化", "硝化" }, ["xiǎojiāhuǒ"] = { "小傢伙", "小家伙" }, ["xiǎojiě"] = { "小姐", "小解" }, ["xiǎojié"] = { "小節", "小結" }, ["xiǎojìng"] = { "小徑", "小淨" }, ["xiàolì"] = { "效力", "校曆" }, ["xiǎoqì"] = { "小憩", "小氣" }, ["xiǎoshān"] = { "小山", "篠山" }, ["xiǎoshēng"] = { "小生", "小聲" }, ["xiǎoshì"] = { "小事", "小視" }, ["xiǎoshí"] = { "小時", "小食" }, ["xiāoshì"] = { "消逝", "消釋" }, ["xiāoshí"] = { "消食", "硝石", "銷蝕" }, ["xiāoshòu"] = { "消受", "消瘦", "銷售" }, ["xiǎoshǔ"] = { "小暑", "小鼠" }, ["xiàosǐ"] = { "效死", "笑死" }, ["xiǎotídàzuò"] = { "小題大作", "小題大做" }, ["xiàoyì"] = { "孝義", "效益", "笑意" }, ["xiǎoyí"] = { "小姨", "小遺" }, ["xiǎoyú"] = { "小於", "小魚" }, ["xiàoyuán"] = { "孝元", "校園" }, ["xiǎoxué"] = { "小學", "小穴" }, ["xiǎozhàng"] = { "小帳", "小賬" }, ["xiǎozhū"] = { "小諸", "小豬" }, ["xiǎozhuàn"] = { "小傳", "小篆" }, ["xiàrén"] = { "下人", "嚇人" }, ["xiàshì"] = { "下世", "下士" }, ["xiàxiàn"] = { "下線", "下限", "下陷", "夏縣" }, ["xiáyì"] = { "俠義", "狹義" }, ["xiàyǔ"] = { "下雨", "廈語" }, ["xiàzǎi"] = { "下崽", "下載" }, ["xiázhì"] = { "挾制", "轄制", "黠智" }, ["xībó"] = { "稀薄", "錫伯", "錫箔" }, ["xíbó"] = { "錫伯", "錫箔" }, ["xībù"] = { "膝部", "西部" }, ["xīchuān"] = { "熙川", "西川" }, ["xìcí"] = { "係詞", "系詞" }, ["xié'ānsuān"] = { "纈氨酸", "纈胺酸" }, ["xiěběn"] = { "寫本", "血本" }, ["xiédài"] = { "攜帶", "鞋帶", "挾帶" }, ["xiéhé"] = { "協和", "諧和", "鞋盒" }, ["xièlòu"] = { "泄露", "洩漏", "洩露" }, ["xiélù"] = { "斜路", "邪路" }, ["xièlù"] = { "泄露", "洩露" }, ["xièqì"] = { "洩氣", "懈氣" }, ["xiéshì"] = { "斜視", "邪視" }, ["xiétóng"] = { "協同", "攜同" }, ["xiěyì"] = { "寫意", "血液" }, ["xièzhuāng"] = { "卸妝", "卸裝" }, ["xiēzi"] = { "楔子", "蠍子" }, ["xīfú"] = { "西弗", "西服" }, ["xīhǎi"] = { "*醯醢", "西海", "醯醢" }, ["xījìn"] = { "西晉", "西進" }, ["xījīng"] = { "吸睛", "西京", "西經" }, ["xìjūn"] = { "細君", "細菌" }, ["xīlán"] = { "西蘭", "錫蘭" }, ["xīlánhuā"] = { "西藍花", "西蘭花" }, ["xīlì"] = { "吸力", "悉力", "惜力", "淅瀝", "犀利", "西曆" }, ["xílì"] = { "惜力", "習例" }, ["xīluò"] = { "奚落", "稀落" }, ["xìmù"] = { "戲目", "細目" }, ["xīnán"] = { "息男", "西南" }, ["xīncái"] = { "心材", "心裁" }, ["xīncháo"] = { "心潮", "新朝", "新潮" }, ["xīndì"] = { "心地", "新地" }, ["xīnfáng"] = { "心房", "新房", "心防" }, ["xìnfēng"] = { "信封", "信風" }, ["xīnfù"] = { "心腹", "新婦", "新富" }, ["xīngān"] = { "心甘", "心肝" }, ["xíngbiàn"] = { "形便", "形變" }, ["xíngbù"] = { "刑部", "行部" }, ["xíngchéng"] = { "形成", "行程" }, ["xíngfáng"] = { "刑房", "行房" }, ["xíngjì"] = { "形跡", "行跡" }, ["xíngjī"] = { "形跡", "行跡" }, ["xínglǐ"] = { "行李", "行禮" }, ["xínglù"] = { "型錄", "行路" }, ["xíngqī"] = { "刑期", "行期" }, ["xíngqí"] = { "刑期", "行期", "行棋" }, ["xíngqiè"] = { "行竊", "行篋" }, ["xíngrén"] = { "刑人", "行人" }, ["xíngshì"] = { "刑事", "型式", "形勢", "形式", "行事" }, ["xìngshì"] = { "姓氏", "幸事", "性事" }, ["xíngshǐ"] = { "行使", "行駛" }, ["xíngtài"] = { "型態", "形態" }, ["xíngtiān"] = { "刑天", "形天", "形夭" }, ["xīngwèi"] = { "腥味", "興味" }, ["xǐngwù"] = { "省悟", "醒悟" }, ["xíngxiàng"] = { "形像", "形象" }, ["xīngxiàng"] = { "星相", "星象" }, ["xīngxīng"] = { "惺惺", "星星" }, ["xīngyè"] = { "星夜", "興業" }, ["xíngzhèngqūhuà"] = { "行政區劃", "行政區畫" }, ["xìngzhì"] = { "性質", "興致" }, ["xíngzhuàng"] = { "形狀", "行狀" }, ["xìngzhuàng"] = { "性狀", "行狀" }, ["xìngzi"] = { "性子", "杏子" }, ["xīnhuǒ"] = { "心火", "薪火" }, ["xīní"] = { "稀泥", "悉尼" }, ["xīnjì"] = { "心悸", "心計", "心跡" }, ["xīnjī"] = { "心機", "心肌", "心跡" }, ["xīnjiàn"] = { "新建", "新見" }, ["xīnjiāpō"] = { "新加坡", "新嘉坡" }, ["xīnjīn"] = { "新津", "薪金" }, ["xīnlì"] = { "心力", "新曆" }, ["xīnlǜ"] = { "心律", "心率", "新綠" }, ["xīnmù"] = { "心目", "欣慕", "歆慕" }, ["xīnpiàn"] = { "新片", "芯片" }, ["xīnqí"] = { "新奇", "辛奇" }, ["xīnqì"] = { "心氣", "欣企", "心契" }, ["xīnshēng"] = { "心聲", "新生" }, ["xìnshǐ"] = { "信使", "信史" }, ["xìnshí"] = { "信實", "信石" }, ["xīnshì"] = { "心事", "心室", "新式" }, ["xìnshǒu"] = { "信守", "信手" }, ["xīnshuǐ"] = { "心水", "薪水" }, ["xīnsuān"] = { "心酸", "辛酸" }, ["xīntián"] = { "心田", "新田" }, ["xīnwén"] = { "新聞", "欣聞" }, ["xīnxǐ"] = { "忻喜", "新禧", "欣喜" }, ["xīnxì"] = { "心細", "新潟" }, ["xīnxiàn"] = { "欣羨", "歆羨" }, ["xīnxiǎng"] = { "心想", "薪餉" }, ["xīnxiāng"] = { "新鄉", "馨香" }, ["xīnxīn"] = { "欣欣", "莘莘" }, ["xīnxīng"] = { "新星", "新興" }, ["xīnxiù"] = { "新秀", "心秀" }, ["xīnyí"] = { "心儀", "心疑", "辛夷", "新沂" }, ["xīnyì"] = { "心意", "新意", "新異" }, ["xīnyuán"] = { "新元", "新垣" }, ["xīnzhì"] = { "心志", "心智", "新制", "心質", "新雉" }, ["xīnzhōu"] = { "忻州", "新州" }, ["xīnzhuāng"] = { "新庄", "新莊" }, ["xīnzi"] = { "心子", "芯子" }, ["xìnzi"] = { "信子", "芯子" }, ["xīnzuò"] = { "新作", "新座" }, ["xióngfēng"] = { "熊蜂", "雄蜂", "雄風" }, ["xiōngqì"] = { "凶器", "胸器" }, ["xiōngzhào"] = { "凶兆", "胸罩" }, ["xīpí"] = { "嬉皮", "西皮" }, ["xīqì"] = { "吸氣", "錫器" }, ["xīqí"] = { "希奇", "稀奇" }, ["xíqì"] = { "習氣", "錫器" }, ["xīqín"] = { "奚琴", "西秦" }, ["xīrén"] = { "昔人", "西人", "錫人" }, ["xírén"] = { "昔人", "錫人" }, ["xīrì"] = { "夕日", "昔日" }, ["xīshēng"] = { "吸聲", "犧牲" }, ["xīshí"] = { "吸食", "昔時", "錫石" }, ["xíshí"] = { "昔時", "錫石" }, ["xīshī"] = { "西施", "吸溼", "稀濕" }, ["xīshì"] = { "稀世", "稀釋", "西式" }, ["xìshù"] = { "係數", "系數" }, ["xīshuǐ"] = { "溪水", "嬉水", "吸水", "浠水" }, ["xītǎ'ěrqín"] = { "西塔爾琴", "錫塔爾琴" }, ["xītóu"] = { "膝頭", "西頭" }, ["xiùjué"] = { "嗅覺", "臭覺" }, ["xiūkè"] = { "休克", "修課" }, ["xiūqī"] = { "休妻", "休戚" }, ["xiūqì"] = { "休憩", "修葺" }, ["xiūshì"] = { "修士", "修飾" }, ["xiūyǎng"] = { "休養", "修養" }, ["xiūyè"] = { "休業", "修業" }, ["xiūzhěng"] = { "休整", "修整" }, ["xiūzhú"] = { "修竹", "修築" }, ["xīxī"] = { "兮兮", "嘻嘻", "夕夕", "昔昔", "栖栖", "西溪", "西西", "恓恓", "淅淅" }, ["xīxià"] = { "膝下", "西夏" }, ["xìxīn"] = { "細心", "細辛" }, ["xìyáng"] = { "夕陽", "細陽" }, ["xīyáng"] = { "夕陽", "西洋" }, ["xīyǒu"] = { "希有", "稀有" }, ["xīyǔ"] = { "西予", "西語" }, ["xǐyuè"] = { "喜悅", "喜躍" }, ["xīyuè"] = { "西嶽", "西樂" }, ["xīzhōu"] = { "稀粥", "西周", "西州" }, ["xuānbù"] = { "宣佈", "宣布" }, ["xuánguān"] = { "懸棺", "玄關" }, ["xuānshì"] = { "宣示", "宣誓" }, ["xuányōngchuí"] = { "懸壅垂", "懸雍垂" }, ["xuānzhǐ"] = { "宣旨", "宣紙" }, ["xuěbào"] = { "雪暴", "雪豹" }, ["xuébù"] = { "學步", "學部" }, ["xuěchéng"] = { "血橙", "雪城" }, ["xuéjiū"] = { "學究", "鷽鳩" }, ["xuélì"] = { "學力", "學歷" }, ["xuělí"] = { "雪梨", "雪犁" }, ["xuělǐhóng"] = { "雪裡紅", "雪裡蕻" }, ["xuěqiú"] = { "血球", "雪球" }, ["xuéshì"] = { "學士", "學識" }, ["xuéshí"] = { "學時", "學識" }, ["xuéwèi"] = { "學位", "穴位" }, ["xuéxiào"] = { "學效", "學校" }, ["xuèyè"] = { "血業", "血液", "血葉" }, ["xuěyè"] = { "血業", "血液", "血葉", "雪夜" }, ["xuěyú"] = { "雪魚", "鱈魚" }, ["xuěyuán"] = { "血緣", "雪原" }, ["xūjīng"] = { "虛驚", "鬚鯨" }, ["xūlǐ"] = { "墟里", "虛禮" }, ["xùmù"] = { "序幕", "序目", "畜牧" }, ["xùnhuà"] = { "訓話", "馴化" }, ["xúnluó"] = { "巡邏", "巡邏車" }, ["xùnqíng"] = { "殉情", "汛情" }, ["xúnwèn"] = { "尋問", "詢問" }, ["xùnxí"] = { "訊息", "訓習" }, ["xūshì"] = { "墟市", "虛室" }, ["xūshí"] = { "戌時", "虛實" }, ["xùshù"] = { "序數", "敘述" }, ["xùyán"] = { "序言", "緒言" }, ["xùyǎng"] = { "畜養", "蓄養" }, ["xūyào"] = { "需要", "須要" }, ["yá'àn"] = { "崖岸", "涯岸" }, ["yābà"] = { "壓霸", "鴨霸" }, ["yábān"] = { "牙斑", "牙班" }, ["yáguān"] = { "牙冠", "牙關" }, ["yājià"] = { "壓價", "鴨架" }, ["yàmián"] = { "亞眠", "軋棉" }, ["yǎnbì"] = { "掩蔽", "掩閉" }, ["yǎnbiàn"] = { "演變", "衍變" }, ["yáncháng"] = { "延長", "鹽場" }, ["yánchéng"] = { "嚴懲", "鹽城" }, ["yánchí"] = { "延遲", "鹽池" }, ["yánchǔ"] = { "嚴處", "研杵" }, ["yándú"] = { "研讀", "鹽瀆" }, ["yángbù"] = { "洋布", "陽部" }, ["yángchéng"] = { "羊城", "陽城" }, ["yángé"] = { "嚴格", "沿革" }, ["yángguān"] = { "羊倌", "陽關" }, ["yāngjí"] = { "央及", "殃及" }, ["yángmíng"] = { "揚名", "陽明" }, ["yángqì"] = { "揚棄", "洋氣", "陽氣", "揚氣" }, ["yǎngqì"] = { "氧氣", "養氣" }, ["yángqín"] = { "揚琴", "洋琴" }, ["yángtáo"] = { "楊桃", "洋桃", "羊桃", "陽桃" }, ["yángyán"] = { "揚言", "陽炎", "佯言" }, ["yàngyàng"] = { "怏怏", "樣樣" }, ["yángzhuāng"] = { "佯裝", "洋裝" }, ["yánhú"] = { "沿湖", "鹽湖" }, ["yǎnhuà"] = { "演化", "衍化" }, ["yánjiāng"] = { "岩漿", "沿江" }, ["yánjǐn"] = { "嚴緊", "嚴謹" }, ["yánmíng"] = { "嚴明", "言明" }, ["yánmó"] = { "研磨", "閻魔" }, ["yànqì"] = { "厭棄", "嚥氣" }, ["yánshāng"] = { "研商", "鹽商" }, ["yǎnshēng"] = { "眼生", "衍生" }, ["yánshí"] = { "岩石", "巖石", "延時" }, ["yǎnshì"] = { "掩飾", "演示" }, ["yànshī"] = { "艷詩", "豔詩", "驗屍" }, ["yāntóu"] = { "咽頭", "煙頭" }, ["yánxí"] = { "沿襲", "研習", "筵席" }, ["yánxíng"] = { "嚴刑", "言行" }, ["yánxìng"] = { "延性", "言行" }, ["yánxué"] = { "巖穴", "岩穴", "研學" }, ["yányì"] = { "岩邑", "嵒邑" }, ["yányī"] = { "延醫", "研一" }, ["yǎnyì"] = { "演繹", "演義", "演藝" }, ["yànyuè"] = { "宴樂", "燕樂" }, ["yǎnyuán"] = { "演員", "眼緣" }, ["yánzhèng"] = { "嚴正", "炎症", "癌症" }, ["yānzhī"] = { "焉知", "胭脂", "閼氏" }, ["yàodì"] = { "要地", "要諦" }, ["yàodiǎn"] = { "藥典", "要點" }, ["yàofàn"] = { "要犯", "要飯" }, ["yāogǔ"] = { "腰骨", "腰鼓" }, ["yāomó"] = { "妖魔", "幺麼" }, ["yàoshi"] = { "要是", "鑰匙" }, ["yàoshì"] = { "要是", "要事", "藥室" }, ["yāoxié"] = { "妖邪", "要挾" }, ["yáoyì"] = { "徭役", "搖曳" }, ["yáozhù"] = { "遙祝", "瑤柱" }, ["yāpiàn"] = { "雅片", "鴉片" }, ["yǎsī"] = { "雅思", "雅司", "啞嘶" }, ["yātou"] = { "丫頭", "押頭" }, ["yàyì"] = { "亞裔", "訝異" }, ["yǎyì"] = { "亞裔", "雅意" }, ["yāyùn"] = { "壓韻", "押運", "押韻" }, ["yāzhà"] = { "啞吒", "壓榨" }, ["yāzhì"] = { "壓制", "壓製" }, ["yǎzhì"] = { "雅緻", "雅致" }, ["yāzi"] = { "丫子", "鴨子" }, ["yázi"] = { "伢子", "牙子" }, ["yēchéng"] = { "耶城", "椰城" }, ["yèguǒ"] = { "業果", "液果" }, ["yèjīng"] = { "業經", "液晶" }, ["yèlì"] = { "業力", "液力" }, ["yèmiàn"] = { "頁面", "葉面", "液面" }, ["yèwù"] = { "夜霧", "業務" }, ["yèxiāo"] = { "夜宵", "夜梟" }, ["yěyóu"] = { "冶遊", "野遊", "冶由" }, ["yìbái'ānsuān"] = { "異白氨酸", "異白胺酸" }, ["yībān"] = { "一斑", "一般" }, ["yìbāo"] = { "刈包", "液胞" }, ["yíbiǎo"] = { "儀表", "儀錶", "姨表", "遺表" }, ["yìbìng"] = { "疫病", "癔病" }, ["yībù"] = { "一步", "一部" }, ["yìcái"] = { "異才", "逸才" }, ["yìcè"] = { "翼側", "臆測" }, ["yīchéng"] = { "一成", "一程" }, ["yīdài"] = { "衣帶", "衣袋" }, ["yídài"] = { "一代", "一帶" }, ["yìdàlì'miàntiáo"] = { "意大利麵條", "義大利麵條" }, ["yìdàlì"] = { "意大利", "義大利" }, ["yìdàlìfěn"] = { "意大利粉", "義大利粉" }, ["yìdàlìmiàn"] = { "意大利麵", "義大利麵" }, ["yìdàlìmiàntiáo"] = { "意大利麵條", "義大利麵條" }, ["yìdàlìshìchángmiàntiáo"] = { "意大利式長麵條", "義大利式長麵條" }, ["yìdàn"] = { "液氮", "藝旦" }, ["yìdì"] = { "異地", "義帝", "義弟" }, ["yífàn"] = { "疑犯", "儀範", "遺範" }, ["yìfěn"] = { "意粉", "義粉" }, ["yífù"] = { "姨父", "遺腹" }, ["yīgǔ"] = { "一股", "一鼓" }, ["yígǔ"] = { "疑古", "遺骨" }, ["yǐgù"] = { "已故", "以故" }, ["yīguān"] = { "一關", "衣冠", "醫官" }, ["yíhài"] = { "貽害", "遺害", "疑駭" }, ["yìhuà"] = { "液化", "異化", "逸話" }, ["yìhuì"] = { "意會", "議會" }, ["yìhuò"] = { "抑或", "異或", "易貨", "亦或", "刈穫"}, ["yíjì"] = { "疑忌", "遺記", "遺跡" }, ["yìjì"] = { "藝伎", "藝妓" }, ["yījiā"] = { "衣夾", "醫家" }, ["yìjiàn"] = { "意見", "異見" }, ["yījīng"] = { "一經", "一驚" }, ["yǐjīng"] = { "乙腈", "已經" }, ["yìjīng"] = { "易經", "譯經" }, ["yījiù"] = { "依舊", "一……就……" }, ["yíjū"] = { "宜居", "移居" }, ["yìláng"] = { "藝廊", "議郎" }, ["yìlì"] = { "屹立", "毅力", "疫癘" }, ["yìliàng'ānsuān"] = { "異亮氨酸", "異亮胺酸" }, ["yìmiàn"] = { "意麵", "義麵" }, ["yímín"] = { "移民", "遺民" }, ["yìmíng"] = { "佚名", "異名", "藝名", "譯名" }, ["yìmǔ"] = { "異母", "益母", "義母" }, ["yīnbù"] = { "音步", "陰部" }, ["yīndú"] = { "陰毒", "音讀" }, ["yīnfù"] = { "殷富", "陰阜" }, ["yīngbàng"] = { "英磅", "英鎊" }, ["yīngdàn"] = { "英擔", "英石" }, ["yīngdé"] = { "應得", "英德" }, ["yíngguāng"] = { "熒光", "萤光", "螢光" }, ["yínghuǒ"] = { "營火", "螢火" }, ["yìngjǐng"] = { "應景", "硬頸" }, ["yínglì"] = { "營利", "盈利", "贏利" }, ["yīngmíng"] = { "英名", "英明" }, ["yìngmù"] = { "應募", "硬木" }, ["yíngmù"] = { "熒幕", "螢幕" }, ["yīngōng"] = { "陰公", "陰功" }, ["yíngqǔ"] = { "贏取", "迎娶" }, ["yìngshì"] = { "應試", "硬是" }, ["yīngwǔ"] = { "英武", "鸚鵡" }, ["yǐngxiàng"] = { "影像", "影象" }, ["yíngyǎng"] = { "營養", "迎養" }, ["yíngyè"] = { "營業", "迎謁" }, ["yǐngyīn"] = { "影音", "穎陰" }, ["yíngyíng"] = { "熒熒", "盈盈" }, ["yìngzhào"] = { "應召", "應詔", "映照", "硬照" }, ["yǐnhuì"] = { "隱晦", "隱諱" }, ["yǐnjiàn"] = { "引薦", "引見" }, ["yǐnmì"] = { "隱密", "隱秘" }, ["yìnní"] = { "印尼", "印泥" }, ["yīnqín"] = { "慇勤", "殷勤" }, ["yǐnqíng"] = { "引擎", "隱情" }, ["yǐnshēn"] = { "引申", "隱身" }, ["yīnshī"] = { "陰濕", "陰虱", "陰蝨" }, ["yǐnshuǐ"] = { "引水", "飲水" }, ["yīnsù"] = { "因素", "音素", "音速" }, ["yǐntuì"] = { "引退", "隐退", "隱退" }, ["yīnwèi"] = { "因為", "音位" }, ["yīnxiào"] = { "陰笑", "音效" }, ["yīnxùn"] = { "音訊", "音訓" }, ["yínyè"] = { "夤夜", "銀葉 ", "淫業", "淫液" }, ["yīnyì"] = { "音義", "音譯", "陰翳", "蔭翳", "堙翳", "堙翳" }, ["yǐnyòng"] = { "引用", "飲用" }, ["yīnyōu"] = { "陰幽", "殷憂" }, ["yīnyóu"] = { "因由", "音遊" }, ["yǐnyǔ"] = { "引語", "隱語" }, ["yínyǔ"] = { "淫語", "淫雨" }, ["yīnyù"] = { "陰鬱", "音域", "茵芋" }, ["yīnyuán"] = { "因緣", "姻緣", "音源" }, ["yínyuán"] = { "銀元", "銀圓" }, ["yīnzhí"] = { "音值", "音質" }, ["yīqí"] = { "一期", "壹岐" }, ["yíqì"] = { "儀器", "彝器", "彞器", "遺棄" }, ["yíqíng"] = { "移情", "怡情", "夷情", "疑情" }, ["yìqì"] = { "意氣", "疫氣", "義氣", "益氣", "逸氣", "異氣" }, ["yǐquán"] = { "乙醛", "蟻醛" }, ["yìrán"] = { "亦然", "易燃", "毅然" }, ["yírén"] = { "夷人", "宜人", "怡人" }, ["yìrén"] = { "義人", "藝人", "邑人" }, ["yìrì"] = { "異日", "翌日" }, ["yíróng"] = { "儀容", "遺容" }, ["yīshēng"] = { "一聲", "醫生" }, ["yīshì"] = { "一世", "伊勢", "醫士" }, ["yǐshì"] = { "以是", "倚勢", "倚恃" }, ["yìshǐ"] = { "役使", "逸史", "驛使" }, ["yìshì"] = { "意識", "抑是", "易事", "異事", "義士", "藝事", "藝士", "譯釋", "議事", "軼事", "逸事" }, ["yíshǐ"] = { "遺史", "遺矢" }, ["yíshǔ"] = { "遺屬", "移鼠" }, ["yǐsuān"] = { "乙酸", "蟻酸" }, ["yǐtàiwǎng"] = { "乙太網", "以太網" }, ["yìtǐ"] = { "液體", "異體" }, ["yǐwǎng"] = { "以往", "已往" }, ["yìwèi"] = { "意味", "異味", "義位" }, ["yìwén"] = { "譯文", "逸聞" }, ["yīwù"] = { "衣物", "醫務" }, ["yìwù"] = { "異物", "義務" }, ["yíwù"] = { "一物", "貽誤", "遺物" }, ["yìxí"] = { "一席", "議席" }, ["yǐxī"] = { "乙烯", "以西" }, ["yíxiàn"] = { "彝憲", "胰腺" }, ["yìxiàng"] = { "意向", "意象", "液相", "異象", "義項" }, ["yìxiǎng"] = { "意想", "臆想", "異響" }, ["yíxiànyán"] = { "胰腺炎", "胰腺癌" }, ["yīxiē"] = { "一些", "一歇" }, ["yīxīn"] = { "一心", "一新" }, ["yìxìng"] = { "意興", "異姓", "異性", "義行" }, ["yìyáng"] = { "抑揚", "益陽" }, ["yīyì"] = { "一億", "一意", "一義" }, ["yìyì"] = { "仡仡", "奕奕", "悒悒", "意義", "意譯", "熠熠", "異義", "異議", "翼翼", "譯意" }, ["yìyù"] = { "悒鬱", "意欲", "抑鬱", "異域" }, ["yīyuán"] = { "一元", "一員" }, ["yìyuàn"] = { "意願", "藝苑", "議院" }, ["yìyuán"] = { "譯員", "議員" }, ["yìzhàn"] = { "義戰", "驛站" }, ["yízhàng"] = { "儀仗", "姨丈" }, ["yǐzhì"] = { "以至", "以致" }, ["yìzhì"] = { "意志", "抑制", "易幟", "異志", "異質", "益智", "譯製" }, ["yìzhǐ"] = { "意旨", "懿旨", "抑止" }, ["yízhí"] = { "移植", "移殖" }, ["yīzhōu"] = { "伊周", "伊州" }, ["yìzhù"] = { "挹注", "譯著", "譯註" }, ["yìzhuāng"] = { "義莊", "異裝", "易裝" }, ["yízú"] = { "彝族", "遺族" }, ["yōngbīng"] = { "傭兵", "擁兵" }, ["yònggōng"] = { "用功", "用工" }, ["yòngjìn"] = { "用勁", "用盡" }, ["yǒnglì"] = { "勇力", "擁立" }, ["yònglì"] = { "用例", "用力" }, ["yōngrén"] = { "傭人", "庸人" }, ["yòngrén"] = { "傭人", "用人" }, ["yǒngshì"] = { "勇士", "永世", "永逝" }, ["yǒngyì"] = { "勇毅", "永逸", "涌溢", "涌裔" }, ["yòngzuò"] = { "用作", "用做" }, ["yǒu'ài"] = { "友愛", "有礙" }, ["yóubiāo"] = { "游標", "遊標" }, ["yóubù"] = { "油布", "由布" }, ["yóuchuán"] = { "油船", "游船", "遊船", "郵船" }, ["yóufèi"] = { "油費", "郵費" }, ["yǒuguǐ"] = { "有鬼", "有軌" }, ["yóuguǎn"] = { "油管", "郵館" }, ["yōuhuì"] = { "優惠", "幽會" }, ["yǒujī"] = { "有奇", "有機" }, ["yóujī"] = { "油跡", "遊擊" }, ["yóujì"] = { "油跡", "遊記", "郵寄" }, ["yóulè"] = { "游樂", "遊樂" }, ["yǒulì"] = { "有利", "有力" }, ["yǒulǐ"] = { "有理", "有禮" }, ["yǒulíng"] = { "有零", "有靈" }, ["yóulún"] = { "油輪", "遊輪", "郵輪" }, ["yóumàicài"] = { "油麥菜", "莜麥菜" }, ["yōuměi"] = { "優美", "幽美" }, ["yóupǐn"] = { "油品", "郵品" }, ["yóuqì"] = { "油氣", "遊憩" }, ["yǒuqíng"] = { "友情", "有情" }, ["yóurán"] = { "油然", "猶然" }, ["yǒurén"] = { "友人", "有人" }, ["yǒushén"] = { "有甚", "有神" }, ["yǒushēng"] = { "有生", "有聲" }, ["yǒushì"] = { "有事", "有識" }, ["yǒushí"] = { "有時", "有識", "酉時" }, ["yòushǐ"] = { "誘使", "右矢" }, ["yòushǒu"] = { "右手", "右首" }, ["yóushuǐ"] = { "油水", "游水" }, ["yōusī"] = { "幽思", "憂思" }, ["yǒusī"] = { "有司", "有私" }, ["yǒuxiàn"] = { "有線", "有限" }, ["yǒuxíng"] = { "有型", "有形" }, ["yǒuxìng"] = { "有幸", "有性" }, ["yóuxìng"] = { "油性", "遊興" }, ["yōuyǎ"] = { "優雅", "幽雅" }, ["yǒuyì"] = { "友誼", "有意", "有益" }, ["yóuyì"] = { "游弋", "遊藝" }, ["yōuyōu"] = { "呦呦", "悠悠" }, ["yōuyù"] = { "優裕", "優遇", "憂鬱" }, ["yòuyú"] = { "囿於", "幼魚" }, ["yóuyú"] = { "游魚", "由於", "魷魚" }, ["yòuzhì"] = { "幼稚", "誘致" }, ["yóuzì"] = { "油漬", "猶自" }, ["yuánběn"] = { "元本", "原本", "源本" }, ["yuáncháng"] = { "元常", "圓場" }, ["yuánchǎng"] = { "圓場", "原廠" }, ["yuánfèn"] = { "猿糞", "緣份", "緣分" }, ["yuángù"] = { "原故", "緣故" }, ["yuánhào"] = { "元號", "圓號" }, ["yuánjiàn"] = { "元件", "原件", "援建" }, ["yuánjiāng"] = { "元江", "沅江" }, ["yuánmǎ"] = { "源碼", "轅馬" }, ["yuánpèi"] = { "原配", "元配" }, ["yuánqū"] = { "原曲", "園區" }, ["yuánshēngdài"] = { "原生代", "原聲帶" }, ["yuánshǐ"] = { "原始", "元始" }, ["yuánshū"] = { "原書", "爰書" }, ["yuánsù"] = { "元素", "原宿" }, ["yuántián"] = { "原田", "園田" }, ["yuánwài"] = { "員外", "援外" }, ["yuànwàng"] = { "願望", "怨望" }, ["yuánxíng"] = { "原型", "原形", "圓形" }, ["yuányì"] = { "原意", "園藝" }, ["yuànyì"] = { "怨艾", "願意" }, ["yuányīn"] = { "元音", "原因" }, ["yuányóu"] = { "原油", "緣由" }, ["yuányuán"] = { "圓圓", "源源" }, ["yuányuè"] = { "元月", "圓月" }, ["yuánzhù"] = { "原著", "圓柱", "援助" }, ["yùbó"] = { "玉帛", "鬱勃" }, ["yùchí"] = { "尉遲", "浴池" }, ["yùdài"] = { "欲待", "玉帶" }, ["yùdào"] = { "御道", "遇到" }, ["yùdí"] = { "禦敵", "遇敵" }, ["yùdìng"] = { "預定", "預訂" }, ["yuèdōng"] = { "粵東", "越冬" }, ["yuèjí"] = { "越級", "樂籍", "月吉", "樂極" }, ["yuèjīng"] = { "月經", "樂經" }, ["yuèjù"] = { "樂句", "粵劇", "越劇" }, ["yuèlì"] = { "月例", "月利", "月曆", "閱歷" }, ["yuēmo"] = { "約摸", "約莫" }, ["yuèshí"] = { "月蝕", "月食" }, ["yuèshì"] = { "月事" , "月貰", "越是" , "閱世" }, ["yuēshù"] = { "約數", "約束" }, ["yuèxī"] = { "月息", "粵西" }, ["yuèzhàng"] = { "岳丈", "月賬" }, ["yuèzhī"] = { "月支", "月氏" }, ["yuèzhōng"] = { "月中", "月終", "越中" }, ["yùfáng"] = { "御坊", "預防" }, ["yúfū"] = { "漁夫", "魚夫" }, ["yùfūzuò"] = { "御夫座", "玉夫座" }, ["yúhuī"] = { "餘暉", "餘輝" }, ["yùjī"] = { "玉肌", "鬱積" }, ["yújiā"] = { "漁家", "瑜伽" }, ["yùjiàn"] = { "遇見", "預見" }, ["yùjiāzhīzuìhéhuànwúcí"] = { "欲加之罪，何患無詞", "欲加之罪，何患無辭" }, ["yùjīn"] = { "浴巾", "鬱金" }, ["yùjǐng"] = { "獄警", "玉井", "預警" }, ["yǔjù"] = { "語句", "雨具" }, ["yùkē"] = { "預科", "鷸科" }, ["yúkuài"] = { "愉快", "魚塊", "魚膾" }, ["yùlǎn"] = { "御覽", "預覽" }, ["yúlì"] = { "漁利", "餘利", "餘力" }, ["yúlín"] = { "榆林", "魚鱗" }, ["yùlín"] = { "玉林", "鬱林" }, ["yǔlù"] = { "語錄", "雨露" }, ["yúmín"] = { "愚民", "漁民" }, ["yùmíng"] = { "域名", "玉名" }, ["yùmóu"] = { "與謀", "預謀" }, ["yùndòng"] = { "暈動", "運動" }, ["yúndòu"] = { "芸豆", "雲豆" }, ["yùnfù"] = { "孕婦", "韻腹" }, ["yúnshān"] = { "雲山", "雲杉" }, ["yùnshì"] = { "運勢", "韻事" }, ["yùnshū"] = { "運輸", "韻書" }, ["yúntái"] = { "蕓薹", "雲台", "芸臺", "雲臺" }, ["yùnǚ"] = { "慾女", "玉女" }, ["yúpiāo"] = { "漁漂", "魚漂" }, ["yǔqí"] = { "與其", "雨期" }, ["yúqí"] = { "逾期", "魚鰭" }, ["yúqián"] = { "於潛", "榆錢" }, ["yùqiúbùmǎn"] = { "慾求不滿", "欲求不滿" }, ["yùrè"] = { "預熱", "鬱熱" }, ["yúrén"] = { "愚人", "漁人", "餘人" }, ["yùrén"] = { "育人", "玉人", "御人" }, ["yúshēng"] = { "餘生", "魚生" }, ["yùshǐ"] = { "御史", "浴室", "獄室" }, ["yùshì"] = { "浴室", "獄室", "遇事", "預示", "預試" }, ["yúshù"] = { "榆樹", "餘數" }, ["yùsuǒ"] = { "寓所", "御所" }, ["yùtáng"] = { "浴堂", "玉堂" }, ["yúwán"] = { "愚頑", "魚丸" }, ["yúwǎng"] = { "漁網", "魚網" }, ["yǔwén"] = { "宇文", "語文" }, ["yùxí"] = { "遇襲", "預習" }, ["yúxián"] = { "餘弦", "餘閒" }, ["yùxiǎng"] = { "豫想", "預想" }, ["yùxiě"] = { "浴血", "鬱血" }, ["yūxiě"] = { "淤血", "瘀血" }, ["yùxuè"] = { "浴血", "鬱血" }, ["yùxuě"] = { "浴血", "鬱血" }, ["yūxuè"] = { "淤血", "瘀血" }, ["yūxuě"] = { "淤血", "瘀血" }, ["yùyán"] = { "寓言", "預言", "浴鹽" }, ["yúyáng"] = { "揄揚", "漁陽" }, ["yùyì"] = { "喻義", "寓意", "愈益", "浴液", "煜熠", "鬱抑" }, ["yùyī"] = { "御醫", "浴衣", "玉衣", "獄醫", "鬱伊"}, ["yǔyì"] = { "羽翼", "語意", "語義", "雨意" }, ["yǔyī"] = { "羽衣", "雨衣" }, ["yúyóu"] = { "娛游", "魚油" }, ["yùyù"] = { "郁郁", "鬱鬱" }, ["yúyuè"] = { "愉悅", "逾越" }, ["yùzhī"] = { "預支", "預知" }, ["yùzhǔn"] = { "御準", "禦準" }, ["yùzú"] = { "獄卒", "鬱卒" }, ["yùzuò"] = { "御座", "玉座" }, ["zàijí"] = { "在即", "在籍", "再籍" }, ["zàijiàn"] = { "再建", "再見", "在建" }, ["zàirèn"] = { "再任", "在任" }, ["zàishēng"] = { "再生", "在生" }, ["zàixiàn"] = { "再現", "在線" }, ["zàiyì"] = { "再議", "在意" }, ["zànzhù"] = { "暫住", "贊助" }, ["zàogān"] = { "皂甘", "皂苷" }, ["zàohuà"] = { "皂化", "造化" }, ["zàojù"] = { "灶具", "造句" }, ["zǎoshì"] = { "早市", "早逝" }, ["zàoxíng"] = { "造型", "造形" }, ["zàoxuē"] = { "皁靴", "皂靴" }, ["záwù"] = { "雜務", "雜物" }, ["zázhì"] = { "雜誌", "雜質" }, ["zébèi"] = { "澤被", "責備" }, ["zēngchǎn"] = { "增產", "增産" }, ["zēngzhí"] = { "增值", "增殖" }, ["zháidì"] = { "宅地", "宅第" }, ["zhájī"] = { "炸雞", "閘機", "軋機" }, ["zhànchē"] = { "戰車", "棧車" }, ["zhàndì"] = { "佔地", "戰地" }, ["zhàndǒu"] = { "戰抖", "顫抖" }, ["zhànfáng"] = { "站房", "棧房" }, ["zhàngmù"] = { "帳幕", "賬目" }, ["zhàngpéng"] = { "帳棚", "帳篷" }, ["zhàngqì"] = { "瘴氣", "脹氣" }, ["zhǎngshì"] = { "漲勢", "長勢" }, ["zhǎngzǐ"] = { "長姊", "長子" }, ["zhànhuǒ"] = { "戰火", "蘸火" }, ["zhànjī"] = { "戰機", "戰績" }, ["zhànlì"] = { "戰力", "戰慄", "站立" }, ["zhǎnlù"] = { "展露", "嶄露" }, ["zhǎnshì"] = { "展室", "展示" }, ["zhànshì"] = { "戰事", "戰士" }, ["zhànshí"] = { "戰時", "暫時" }, ["zhānwàng"] = { "瞻望", "譫妄" }, ["zhànxiàn"] = { "佔線", "戰線" }, ["zhǎnxīn"] = { "嶄新", "斬新" }, ["zhànyǒu"] = { "佔有", "戰友" }, ["zhànzhù"] = { "佔住", "暫住", "站住" }, ["zhāogōng"] = { "招供", "招工" }, ["zhāojí"] = { "招集", "著急/着急" }, ["zhàojiàn"] = { "召見", "照見", "肇建", "照鑒" }, ["zhāolái"] = { "招來", "朝來" }, ["zhǎoshì"] = { "找事", "爪士" }, ["zhāoshōu"] = { "招手", "招收" }, ["zhàoshū"] = { "召書", "詔書" }, ["zhāoshù"] = { "招數", "著數/着数" }, ["zhāozhǎn"] = { "招展", "招颭" }, ["zhàqǔ"] = { "榨取", "詐取" }, ["zhéfú"] = { "懾服", "折服" }, ["zhēn'ài"] = { "珍愛", "真愛" }, ["zhēnchá"] = { "偵察", "偵查", "斟茶" }, ["zhèndàn"] = { "震旦", "震蛋", "振旦" }, ["zhèndàng"] = { "振盪", "震盪" }, ["zhèndòng"] = { "振動", "震動" }, ["zhèngdà"] = { "正大", "鄭大" }, ["zhēngfā"] = { "征伐", "徵發", "蒸發" }, ["zhèngfǎ"] = { "政法", "正法" }, ["zhènggē"] = { "正割", "正歌" }, ["zhènggōng"] = { "正宮", "政工", "政躬" }, ["zhèngjī"] = { "政績", "正畸" }, ["zhèngjiàn"] = { "政見", "證件" }, ["zhèngjiào"] = { "政教", "正教" }, ["zhèngjīng"] = { "政經", "正經" }, ["zhèngjuàn"] = { "證券", "證卷" }, ["zhèngmíng"] = { "正名", "證明" }, ["zhèngmìng"] = { "正命", "掙命" }, ["zhēngqì"] = { "爭氣", "蒸氣", "蒸汽" }, ["zhèngqì"] = { "正氣", "證訖" }, ["zhèngrén"] = { "正人", "證人" }, ["zhèngshì"] = { "政事", "正事", "正室", "正式", "正是", "正視" }, ["zhèngshǐ"] = { "正史", "正室", "正矢" }, ["zhèngtǐ"] = { "政體", "正體" }, ["zhèngwèi"] = { "正味", "正位", "證偽" }, ["zhèngwù"] = { "政務", "正誤", "證物" }, ["zhèngyán"] = { "證言", "諍言" }, ["zhèngyào"] = { "政要", "正要" }, ["zhēngzhào"] = { "徵兆", "徵召" }, ["zhēngzhēng"] = { "丁丁", "錚錚" }, ["zhèngzhì"] = { "政治", "正治" }, ["zhèngzhí"] = { "正值", "正直", "正職" }, ["zhèngzì"] = { "正字", "正自" }, ["zhēnjī"] = { "偵緝", "真跡" }, ["zhēnjì"] = { "真跡", "針劑" }, ["zhènjiǎo"] = { "陣腳", "陣角" }, ["zhēnjié"] = { "貞潔", "貞節", "偵結", "真節" }, ["zhènjìng"] = { "鎮静", "鎮靜" }, ["zhēnjiǔ"] = { "斟酒", "針灸" }, ["zhēnrén"] = { "真人", "貞人" }, ["zhēnshì"] = { "珍視", "甄試", "真事", "真是", "貞士" }, ["zhèntòng"] = { "鎮痛", "陣痛" }, ["zhēnwèi"] = { "珍味", "真偽" }, ["zhēnxī"] = { "珍惜", "珍稀" }, ["zhènxīng"] = { "振興", "鎮星" }, ["zhēnyán"] = { "真言", "箴言" }, ["zhēnyǎn"] = { "針眼", "針鼴" }, ["zhènyuán"] = { "陣圓", "震源" }, ["zhènzāi"] = { "賑災", "震災" }, ["zhēnzhī"] = { "真知", "針織" }, ["zhēnzi"] = { "榛子", "砧子" }, ["zhézhōng"] = { "折中", "折衷" }, ["zhì'ài"] = { "摯愛", "至愛", "滯礙", "窒礙", "銍艾" }, ["zhíbǐ"] = { "執筆", "直筆" }, ["zhìbìng"] = { "治病", "致病" }, ["zhíbō"] = { "直撥", "直播" }, ["zhībù"] = { "支部", "織布" }, ["zhìcái"] = { "制裁", "製裁" }, ["zhìcán"] = { "致殘", "智殘", "櫛蠶" }, ["zhícháng"] = { "直腸", "職場" }, ["zhìchéng"] = { "至誠", "製成", "製程" }, ["zhìchǐ"] = { "智齿", "稚齿", "櫛齒", "滯恥" }, ["zhìcí"] = { "致詞", "致辭" }, ["zhídào"] = { "直到", "直道" }, ["zhìdìng"] = { "制定", "制訂" }, ["zhīfāng"] = { "汁方", "汁邡" }, ["zhìfú"] = { "制服", "至福" }, ["zhìfù"] = { "秩父", "致富" }, ["zhígēn"] = { "植根", "直根" }, ["zhígōng"] = { "執公", "職工" }, ["zhǐgǔ"] = { "指骨", "趾骨" }, ["zhìhǎo"] = { "治好", "至好" }, ["zhíjī"] = { "直擊", "值機", "直積" }, ["zhíjǐ"] = { "執戟", "直己" }, ["zhìjí"] = { "至急", "至極" }, ["zhìjì"] = { "致祭", "製劑" }, ["zhǐjiǎ"] = { "指甲", "趾甲" }, ["zhǐjiào"] = { "只教", "指教" }, ["zhījié"] = { "支節", "枝節" }, ["zhījiě"] = { "支解", "肢解" }, ["zhíjié"] = { "直截", "直捷" }, ["zhǐjīn"] = { "只今", "紙巾" }, ["zhìlěng"] = { "致冷", "製冷" }, ["zhìlì"] = { "智利", "智力", "致力", "質粒" }, ["zhílì"] = { "直立", "直隸", "質粒" }, ["zhīliú"] = { "之流", "支流", "脂瘤" }, ["zhìliú"] = { "志留", "滯留" }, ["zhìlòu"] = { "痔漏", "痔瘻" }, ["zhìluàn"] = { "治亂", "致亂" }, ["zhǐméi"] = { "紙媒", "酯酶" }, ["zhǐmíng"] = { "指名", "指明" }, ["zhìnéng"] = { "智能", "質能" }, ["zhínéng"] = { "職能", "質能" }, ["zhìpǔ"] = { "質樸", "質譜" }, ["zhìqì"] = { "志氣", "稚氣" }, ["zhīqián"] = { "之前", "支前" }, ["zhíqín"] = { "值勤", "執勤" }, ["zhírù"] = { "植入", "直入" }, ["zhǐshì"] = { "只是", "指事", "指示" }, ["zhíshì"] = { "執事", "直視" }, ["zhìshì"] = { "志士", "智士", "智識", "治世" }, ["zhìshí"] = { "智識", "蛭石" }, ["zhīshì"] = { "知事", "知識", "芝士" }, ["zhíshǒu"] = { "執手", "職守", "值守" }, ["zhíshù"] = { "植樹", "質數" }, ["zhīshūdálǐ"] = { "知書達禮", "知書達理" }, ["zhìshuǐ"] = { "制水", "治水" }, ["zhìsǐ"] = { "治死", "至死", "致死" }, ["zhǐsù"] = { "指宿", "止宿" }, ["zhìsù"] = { "窒素", "質素" }, ["zhǐtóu"] = { "指頭", "趾頭" }, ["zhíwù"] = { "植物", "職務" }, ["zhīxiàn"] = { "支線", "知縣" }, ["zhǐxiè"] = { "止瀉", "紙屑" }, ["zhíxíng"] = { "執行", "直行" }, ["zhǐyā"] = { "指壓", "紙壓" }, ["zhǐyào"] = { "只要", "紙鷂" }, ["zhīyè"] = { "枝葉", "汁液" }, ["zhíyè"] = { "職業", "值夜", "執業" }, ["zhìyè"] = { "置業", "膣液" }, ["zhìyí"] = { "制宜", "置疑", "質疑" }, ["zhíyì"] = { "執意", "直譯" }, ["zhīyí"] = { "支移", "支頤" }, ["zhìyǒu"] = { "摯友", "至友" }, ["zhìyù"] = { "智育", "治癒" }, ["zhìyú"] = { "治愚", "至於" }, ["zhǐzài"] = { "只在", "旨在" }, ["zhìzhàng"] = { "智障", "滯脹", "滯漲", "制杖" }, ["zhǐzhèng"] = { "指正", "指證" }, ["zhǐzhí"] = { "紙質", "脂質" }, ["zhǐzhì"] = { "紙質", "脂質" }, ["zhīzi"] = { "枝子", "梔子" }, ["zhōngbǎo"] = { "中保", "中飽" }, ["zhōngbiǎo"] = { "中表", "鐘錶" }, ["zhōngcháng"] = { "中場", "中常", "終場", "衷腸" }, ["zhōngchǎng"] = { "中場", "終場" }, ["zhōngchéng"] = { "中程", "忠誠" }, ["zhòngdàn"] = { "中彈", "重擔" }, ["zhòngdì"] = { "中的", "種地", "重地" }, ["zhōngdiǎn"] = { "中點", "終點", "鐘點" }, ["zhòngdiǎn"] = { "重點", "重典" }, ["zhòngdú"] = { "中毒", "重讀" }, ["zhōngfēng"] = { "中鋒", "終風" }, ["zhōnggǔ"] = { "中古", "鐘鼓" }, ["zhōngguóhuà"] = { "中國化", "中國畫", "中國話" }, ["zhōngjí"] = { "中級", "終極" }, ["zhōngjiān"] = { "中堅", "中間" }, ["zhòngjiàn"] = { "中箭", "重劍" }, ["zhōngjié"] = { "忠節", "終結" }, ["zhōnglì"] = { "中壢", "中立" }, ["zhònglì"] = { "重利", "重力" }, ["zhōngnián"] = { "中年", "終年" }, ["zhōngqíng"] = { "衷情", "鍾情" }, ["zhōngrì"] = { "中日", "終日" }, ["zhōngshān"] = { "中山", "鍾山" }, ["zhòngshāng"] = { "中傷", "重傷", "仲商" }, ["zhōngshì"] = { "中世", "中式" }, ["zhōngshū"] = { "中書", "中樞" }, ["zhòngshù"] = { "種樹", "眾數" }, ["zhōngwèi"] = { "中位", "中尉", "中衛" }, ["zhōngxīn"] = { "中心", "忠心", "衷心" }, ["zhòngyì"] = { "中意", "眾議" }, ["zhōngyì"] = { "中譯", "忠義", "鍾意" }, ["zhòngyòng"] = { "中用", "重用" }, ["zhōngyóu"] = { "中油", "中游" }, ["zhōngyú"] = { "忠於", "終於" }, ["zhōngzhǐ"] = { "中指", "中止", "終止" }, ["zhǒngzǐ"] = { "冢子", "種子" }, ["zhòuwén"] = { "咒文", "皺紋", "籀文" }, ["zhòuyǔ"] = { "咒語", "驟雨" }, ["zhōuzhì"] = { "周至", "盩厔" }, ["zhuāncháng"] = { "專場", "專長" }, ["zhuàngjī"] = { "撞擊", "撞機" }, ["zhuāngjiǎ"] = { "裝假", "裝甲" }, ["zhuàngjiàn"] = { "壯健", "撞見" }, ["zhuāngōng"] = { "專供", "專攻" }, ["zhuāngshì"] = { "妝飾", "裝飾" }, ["zhuàngyǔ"] = { "壯語", "狀語" }, ["zhuāngyuán"] = { "庄原", "莊園" }, ["zhuàngzú"] = { "僮族", "壯族" }, ["zhuānjí"] = { "專輯", "專集" }, ["zhuānjiā"] = { "專家", "磚家" }, ["zhuānlì"] = { "專利", "專力" }, ["zhuānzhù"] = { "專注", "專著" }, ["zhúbiān"] = { "竹鞭", "竹鞭", "竹箯", "竹邊" }, ["zhùbō"] = { "筑波", "駐波" }, ["zhǔfàn"] = { "主犯", "煮飯" }, ["zhùfáng"] = { "住房", "駐防" }, ["zhǔfù"] = { "主婦", "囑咐" }, ["zhùhòu"] = { "佇候", "筑後" }, ["zhuīsù"] = { "追溯", "追訴" }, ["zhǔjiǎo"] = { "主腳", "主角" }, ["zhǔjué"] = { "主腳", "主角" }, ["zhǔlì"] = { "主力", "主曆" }, ["zhùlì"] = { "佇立", "助力" }, ["zhūlù"] = { "朱鷺", "誅戮" }, ["zhūluó"] = { "豬玀", "諸羅", "侏羅" }, ["zhùmíng"] = { "注明", "著名" }, ["zhuójiàn"] = { "卓見", "拙見", "灼見" }, ["zhuójiǔ"] = { "濁酒", "酌酒" }, ["zhuózhuó"] = { "卓卓", "啄啄", "汋汋", "濯濯", "灂灂", "灼灼", "茁茁" }, ["zhūrú"] = { "侏儒", "諸如" }, ["zhūshā"] = { "朱砂", "誅殺" }, ["zhúshēng"] = { "竹升", "竹笙" }, ["zhùshì"] = { "助勢", "柱式", "注視", "注釋", "築室" }, ["zhùshǒu"] = { "住手", "助手", "駐守" }, ["zhútái"] = { "燭臺", "築臺" }, ["zhùwén"] = { "注文", "祝文" }, ["zhǔyè"] = { "主業", "主頁" }, ["zhǔyì"] = { "主意", "主義", "屬意" }, ["zhùyì"] = { "助益", "注意" }, ["zhǔyīn"] = { "主因", "主音" }, ["zhùyuàn"] = { "住院", "祝願" }, ["zhùzào"] = { "鑄造", "築造" }, ["zhūzhōu"] = { "株洲", "珠洲" }, ["zhùzi"] = { "柱子", "箸子" }, ["zìbào"] = { "自報", "自爆" }, ["zìbì"] = { "自斃", "自閉", "自必" }, ["zīcái"] = { "資材", "資財" }, ["zìgě"] = { "自個", "自各" }, ["zìgěr"] = { "自個兒", "自各兒" }, ["zìgòng"] = { "自供", "自貢" }, ["zǐguī"] = { "子規", "秭歸", "姊歸", }, ["zìhào"] = { "字號", "自號" }, ["zìjǐ"] = { "自己", "自給" }, ["zìjīn"] = { "自矜", "自今" }, ["zìjù"] = { "字句", "字據" }, ["zìjué"] = { "自決", "自絕", "自覺" }, ["zìlì"] = { "自力", "自立" }, ["zīlì"] = { "資力", "資歷" }, ["zìqiáng"] = { "自強", "自戕" }, ["zìrán"] = { "自然", "自燃" }, ["zìrèn"] = { "自任", "自認" }, ["zīshēng"] = { "孳生", "滋生" }, ["zīshì"] = { "姿勢", "滋事" }, ["zǐshí"] = { "子時", "籽實", "子實" }, ["zìshì"] = { "自恃", "自是" }, ["zìshù"] = { "字數", "自述" }, ["zìtǐ"] = { "字體", "自體" }, ["zǐwēi"] = { "紫微", "紫薇" }, ["zìwèi"] = { "自慰", "自衛" }, ["zìwèiduì"] = { "自慰隊", "自衛隊" }, ["zìxíng"] = { "字型", "字形", "自行" }, ["zǐyè"] = { "子夜", "子葉" }, ["zìyì"] = { "字義", "字譯", "恣意", "自縊" }, ["zìyóuxíng"] = { "自由行", "自由刑" }, ["zìyuàn"] = { "自怨", "自願" }, ["zīzhí"] = { "姿質", "資質" }, ["zīzhì"] = { "姿質", "資質" }, ["zìzhì"] = { "自制", "自治", "自製" }, ["zìzhuàn"] = { "自傳", "自轉" }, ["zòngguān"] = { "綜觀", "縱觀" }, ["zǒnghuì"] = { "總匯", "總會" }, ["zǒnglǎn"] = { "總攬", "總覽" }, ["zōngzhèng"] = { "宗政", "宗正" }, ["zǒudiào"] = { "走掉", "走調" }, ["zǒujìn"] = { "走近", "走進" }, ["zǔ'ānsuān"] = { "組氨酸", "組胺酸" }, ["zǔgé"] = { "組閣", "阻隔" }, ["zuìrén"] = { "罪人", "醉人" }, ["zuìxīn"] = { "最新", "醉心" }, ["zuìxíng"] = { "罪刑", "罪行" }, ["zǔjí"] = { "祖籍", "阻擊" }, ["zújì"] = { "足跡", "足蹟" }, ["zǔjiàn"] = { "組件", "組建" }, ["zūjiè"] = { "租借", "租界" }, ["zūnmìng"] = { "尊命", "遵命" }, ["zūnyán"] = { "尊嚴", "尊顏" }, ["zūnyì"] = { "尊意", "遵義" }, ["zuòbàn"] = { "作伴", "做伴" }, ["zuòchéng"] = { "作成", "做成" }, ["zuòchū"] = { "作出", "做出" }, ["zuòfǎ"] = { "作法", "做法" }, ["zuòfàn"] = { "作飯", "做飯" }, ["zuògōng"] = { "作供", "做工" }, ["zuògǔ"] = { "作古", "坐骨" }, ["zuòguān"] = { "作官", "做官" }, ["zuòhǎo"] = { "作好", "做好" }, ["zuòhuà"] = { "坐化", "作畫" }, ["zuòjiān"] = { "坐監", "座間" }, ["zuòkè"] = { "作客", "做客" }, ["zuòshēng"] = { "作聲", "做聲", "做生" }, ["zuòshì"] = { "作事", "作勢", "做事", "坐視" }, ["zuòshī"] = { "作詩", "坐失" }, ["zuǒshǒu"] = { "左手", "左首" }, ["zuòwéi"] = { "作為", "做為" }, ["zuòwèi"] = { "坐位", "座位" }, ["zuòxí"] = { "作息", "坐席", "座席" }, ["zuòxuéwèn"] = { "作學問", "做學問" }, ["zuòzhǔ"] = { "作主", "做主" }, ["zǔwū"] = { "祖屋", "組屋" }, } return export 95x1g9q0967wovgcmafzon9gy29conf 828 3786226 7240514 2026-07-05T21:51:23Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} --[=[ FIXME: 1. (DONE) If you write '''Б'''ез, it transliterates to '''B'''jez instead of '''B'''ez, as it should. -- NOTE: This currently doesn't work due to an issue in [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages]] -- which means this module won't see style apostrophes. 2. (DONE) Convert ъ to nothing before comma or other non-letter particle, e.g. in Однимъ словомъ, идешь на чтеніе. 3. (DONE) Make special-casing for adjectiv..." 7240514 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[=[ FIXME: 1. (DONE) If you write '''Б'''ез, it transliterates to '''B'''jez instead of '''B'''ez, as it should. -- NOTE: This currently doesn't work due to an issue in [[Module:Wt/mnc/languages]] -- which means this module won't see style apostrophes. 2. (DONE) Convert ъ to nothing before comma or other non-letter particle, e.g. in Однимъ словомъ, идешь на чтеніе. 3. (DONE) Make special-casing for adjectives in -го and for что (and friends) be the default, and implement transformations in Cyrillic rather than after translit so that we can display the transformed Cyrillic in the "phonetic respelling" notation of {{ru-IPA}}. ]=] local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local decompose = require("Module:Wt/mnc/ru-common").decompose local explode = m_str_utils.explode_utf8 local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local ipairs = ipairs local remove = table.remove local rfind = m_str_utils.find local rsub = m_str_utils.gsub local rsplit = m_str_utils.split local select = select local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD local u = m_str_utils.char local AC = u(0x301) -- acute = ́ local GR = u(0x0300) -- grave = ̀ local BR = u(0x0306) -- breve ̆ local DI = u(0x0308) -- diaeresis = ̈ local DIACRITICS = AC .. GR .. BR .. DI .. u(0x0302) .. -- circumflex ̂ u(0x0304) .. -- macron ̄ u(0x0307) .. -- dot above ̇ u(0x030A) .. -- ring above ̊ u(0x030C) .. -- caron ̌ u(0x030F) .. -- double grave ̏ u(0x0323) .. -- dot below ̣ u(0x0328) -- ogonek ̨ local TEMP_G = u(0xFFF1) -- substitute to prevent g from changing to v local word_chars = "%a’%(%)%[%]" .. DIACRITICS local function ine(x) -- if not empty return x ~= "" and x or nil end -- Main letter conversion table. local letters = { ["а"] = "a", ["б"] = "b", ["в"] = "v", ["г"] = "g", ["д"] = "d", ["е"] = "je", ["ж"] = "ž", ["з"] = "z", ["и"] = "i", ["й"] = "j", ["к"] = "k", ["л"] = "l", ["м"] = "m", ["н"] = "n", ["о"] = "o", ["п"] = "p", ["р"] = "r", ["с"] = "s", ["т"] = "t", ["у"] = "u", ["ф"] = "f", ["х"] = "x", ["ц"] = "c", ["ч"] = "č", ["ш"] = "š", ["щ"] = "šč", ["ъ"] = "ʺ", ["ы"] = "y", ["ь"] = "ʹ", ["э"] = "e", ["ю"] = "ju", ["я"] = "ja", ["А"] = "A", ["Б"] = "B", ["В"] = "V", ["Г"] = "G", ["Д"] = "D", ["Е"] = "Je", ["Ж"] = "Ž", ["З"] = "Z", ["И"] = "I", ["Й"] = "J", ["К"] = "K", ["Л"] = "L", ["М"] = "M", ["Н"] = "N", ["О"] = "O", ["П"] = "P", ["Р"] = "R", ["С"] = "S", ["Т"] = "T", ["У"] = "U", ["Ф"] = "F", ["Х"] = "X", ["Ц"] = "C", ["Ч"] = "Č", ["Ш"] = "Š", ["Щ"] = "Šč", ["Ъ"] = "ʺ", ["Ы"] = "Y", ["Ь"] = "ʹ", ["Э"] = "E", ["Ю"] = "Ju", ["Я"] = "Ja", -- Russian style quotes ["«"] = "“", ["»"] = "”", -- archaic, pre-1918 letters ["і"] = "i", ["ѳ"] = "f", ["ѣ"] = "jě", ["ѵ"] = "i", ["І"] = "I", ["Ѳ"] = "F", ["Ѣ"] = "Jě", ["Ѵ"] = "I", -- archaic, pre-1708 letters (most of these are covered by aliases below) ["ѥ"] = "je", ["ѯ"] = "ks", ["ѱ"] = "ps", ["Ѥ"] = "Je", ["Ѯ"] = "Ks", ["Ѱ"] = "Ps", } -- Treat most archaic letters as aliases. Exceptions: -- ѥ is not the same as е, because it doesn't lose iotation after a consonant. -- ѯ and ѱ can't be treated as aliases, because mapping 1 character to 2 messes -- can cause the logic which checks the capitalization of adjacent letters to -- become unreliable. This only affects the uppercase forms, but the lowercase -- forms are also excepted for consistency. local aliases = { ["є"] = "е", ["ꙁ"] = "з", ["ꙃ"] = "з", ["ѕ"] = "з", ["ї"] = "і", ["ꙋ"] = "у", ["ѡ"] = "о", ["ѿ"] = "о", ["ꙑ"] = "ы", ["ꙗ"] = "я", ["ѧ"] = "я", ["ѫ"] = "у", ["ѩ"] = "я", ["ѭ"] = "ю", ["Є"] = "Е", ["Ꙁ"] = "З", ["Ꙃ"] = "З", ["Ѕ"] = "З", ["Ї"] = "І", ["Ꙋ"] = "У", ["Ѡ"] = "О", ["Ѿ"] = "О", ["Ꙑ"] = "Ы", ["Ꙗ"] = "Я", ["Ѧ"] = "Я", ["Ѫ"] = "У", ["Ѩ"] = "Я", ["Ѭ"] = "Ю", ["'"] = "’" } local plain_e = { ["е"] = "e", ["ѣ"] = "ě", ["э"] = "ɛ", ["Е"] = "E", ["Ѣ"] = "Ě", ["Э"] = "Ɛ" } local jo_letters = { ["ё"] = "jo", ["ѣ̈"] = "jǒ", ["я̈"] = "jǫ", ["Ё"] = "Jo", ["Ѣ̈"] = "Jǒ", ["Я̈"] = "Jǫ" } local vowels = "аеиіоуыѣэюяѥѵaæɐeəɛiɪɨoɵuyʊʉАЕИІОУЫѢЭЮЯѤѴAEƐIOUY" -- Apply transformations to the Cyrillic to more closely match pronunciation. -- Return two arguments: the "original" text (after decomposing composed -- grave characters), and the transformed text. If the two are different, -- {{ru-IPA}} should display a "phonetic respelling" notation. -- NOADJ disables special-casing for adjectives in -го, while FORCEADJ forces -- special-casing for adjectives, including those in -аго (pre-reform spelling) -- and disables checking for exceptions (e.g. много, ого). NOSHTO disables -- special-casing for что and related words. function export.apply_tr_fixes(text, noadj, noshto, forceadj) -- normalize any aliases text = text:gsub(".[\128-\191]*", aliases) -- decompose stress accents without decomposing letters we want to treat -- as units (e.g. й or ё) text = decompose(text) local origtext = text -- the second half of the if-statement below is an optimization; see above. if not noadj and text:find("го") then local v = {["г"] = "в", ["Г"] = "В"} local repl = function(e, g, o, sja) return e .. v[g] .. o .. (sja or "") end -- Handle какого-нибудь/-либо/-то; must be done first because of an exception -- made for бого-, снего-, etc. text = rsub(text, "([кКтТ][аА][кК][оеОЕ" .. (forceadj and "аА" or "") .. "][" .. AC .. GR .. "]?)([гГ])([оО]%-)", repl) if not forceadj then local function go(text, case) local pattern = rsub(case, "^(.)(.*)(го[" .. AC .. GR .. "]?)(%-?)$", function(m1, m2, m3, m4) m1 = "%f[%a" .. AC .. GR .. "]([" .. m1:uupper() .. m1 .. "]" m2 = m2:gsub("\204[\128\129]", "[" .. AC .. GR .. "]?") .. ")" m3 = m3:gsub("\204[\128\129]", "[" .. AC .. GR .. "]?") :gsub("^г(.*)", "г(%1") m4 = m4 == "-" and "%-)" or ")%f[^%a" .. AC .. GR .. "]" return m1 .. m2 .. m3 .. m4 end) return rsub(text, pattern, "%1" .. TEMP_G .. "%2") end for _, case in ipairs{"мно́го", "н[еа]мно́го", "до́рого", "недо́рого", "стро́го", "нестро́го", "на́строго", "убо́го", "пол[ао]́го"} do text = go(text, case) end -- check for neuter short forms of compound adjectives in -но́гий if rfind(text, "но[" .. AC .. GR .. "]?го%f[^%a" .. AC .. GR .. "]") then for _, case in ipairs{"безно́го", "босоно́го", "веслоно́го", "длинноно́го", "двуно́го", "коротконо́го", "кривоно́го", "одноно́го", "пятино́го", "трёхно́го", "трехно́го", "хромоно́го", "четвероно́го", "шестино́го"} do text = go(text, case) end end for _, case in ipairs{"ого́", "го́го", "ваго́го", "ло́го", "п[ео]́го", "со́го", "То́го", "ле́го", "игого́", "огого́", "альбиньязего", "д[иі]е́го", "бо́лого", "гр[иі]е́го", "манче́го", "пичис[иі]е́го", "тенкодого", "хио́го", "аго-", "его-", "ого-"} do text = go(text, case) end end --handle genitive/accusative endings, which are spelled -ого/-его/-аго -- (-ogo/-ego/-ago) but transliterated -ovo/-evo/-avo; only for adjectives -- and pronouns, excluding words like много, ого (-аго occurs in -- pre-reform spelling); \204\129 is an acute accent, \204\128 is a grave accent local pattern = "([оеОЕ" .. (forceadj and "аА" or "") .. "][" .. AC .. GR .. "]?)([гГ])([оО][" .. AC .. GR .. "]?)" local reflexive = "([сС][яЯ][" .. AC .. GR .. "]?)" text = rsub(text, pattern .. "%f[^%a" .. AC .. GR .. TEMP_G .. "]", repl) text = rsub(text, pattern .. reflexive .. "%f[^%a" .. AC .. GR .. TEMP_G .. "]", repl) -- handle сегодня text = rsub(text, "%f[%a" .. AC .. GR .. "]([Сс]е)г(о[" .. AC .. GR .. "]?дня)%f[^%a" .. AC .. GR .. "]", "%1в%2") -- handle сегодняшн- text = rsub(text, "%f[%a" .. AC .. GR .. "]([Сс]е)г(о[" .. AC .. GR .. "]?дняшн)", "%1в%2") -- replace TEMP_G with g; must be done after the -go -> -vo changes text = rsub(text, TEMP_G, "г") end -- the second half of the if-statement below is an optimization; see above. if not noshto and text:find("то") then local ch2sh = {["ч"] = "ш", ["Ч"] = "Ш"} -- Handle что text = rsub(text, "%f[%a" .. AC .. GR .. "]([Чч])(то[" .. AC .. GR .. "]?)%f[^%a" .. AC .. GR .. "]", function(ch, to) return ch2sh[ch] .. to end) -- Handle чтобы, чтоб text = rsub(text, "%f[%a" .. AC .. GR .. "]([Чч])(то[" .. AC .. GR .. "]?бы?)%f[^%a" .. AC .. GR .. "]", function(ch, to) return ch2sh[ch] .. to end) -- Handle ничто text = rsub(text, "%f[%a" .. AC .. GR .. "]([Нн]и)ч(то[" .. AC .. GR .. "]?)%f[^%a" .. AC .. GR .. "]", "%1ш%2") end -- Handle мягкий, лёгкий, легчать, etc. text = rsub(text, "([МмЛл][яеё][" .. AC .. GR .. "]?)г([кч])", "%1х%2") return origtext, text end do -- If и, check if it's actually й to avoid wrongly treating it as a vowel. local function handle_short_i(word, ch, i, adjust) if (ch == "и" or ch == "И") and word[i] == BR then -- Remove the breve; only used by get_next_char. if adjust then remove(word, i) end ch = toNFC(ch .. BR) word[i - 1] = ch end return ch end local function get_prev_char(word, i) local j, ch = 0 repeat j = j + 1 ch = word[i - j] until not (ch and (DIACRITICS .. "()’"):find(ch, nil, true)) return handle_short_i(word, ch, i - j + 1) end local function get_next_char(word, i) local j, ch = 0 repeat j = j + 1 ch = word[i + j] until ch ~= "(" and ch ~= ")" return handle_short_i(word, ch, i + j + 1, true) end -- Check if a vowel should be made "plain" (usually by removing the "j" -- in the transliteration). Returns true if `prev` is in the string `check`. -- If `this` and `prev` are both uppercase, always returns false (on the -- assumption the term is an initialism). -- Note: We check both because of terms like Романо-д’Эццелино and -- Комон-л’Эванте, where an uppercase `this` follows a lowercase `prev`, -- (since the apostrophe is ignored). local function check_plain(this, prev, check, in_check) if prev and (this == this:ulower() or prev == prev:ulower()) then if check:match(prev, 1, true) then return in_check end return not in_check end end -- Convert any jos (ё, ѣ̈, я̈) as a special-case. local function is_jo_letter(this, prev, output, word, d) local tr = jo_letters[this] if not tr then return end -- Remove "j" if preceded by a hushing consonant (ж ч ш щ). if check_plain(this, prev, "жчшщЖЧШЩ", true) then tr = tr:sub(2) if this == this:uupper() then tr = tr:uupper() end end insert(output, tr) -- Note the position, so we can give it an implicit primary stress -- if necessary (unless it already has secondary stress; shouldn't -- ever come after primary stress, but just in case it does we -- shouldn't override it or give the jo two stress marks. if word[d.i + 1] ~= GR then d.final_jo = #output end return true end local function do_iteration(output, word, d) -- Get current, previous and next characters, skipping over brackets, and -- ignoring diacritics for the previous character (which simplifies checks). local this = word[d.i] local prev = get_prev_char(word, d.i) local nxt = get_next_char(word, d.i) -- A word is monosyllabic if it has only one vowel. if vowels:find(this, 1, true) then d.vowels = d.vowels + 1 end if nxt == DI then d.i = d.i + 1 this = toNFC(this .. DI) if is_jo_letter(this, prev, output, word, d) then return end elseif nxt == BR then d.i = d.i + 1 this = toNFC(this .. BR) -- Note that explicit stress has been found, which prevents any -- implicit stress from being added for jos. elseif this == AC then d.primary = true -- After a lowercase consonant or at the start of a suffix, е becomes -- e, ѣ becomes ě and э becomes ɛ; after й, this only applies to э. elseif plain_e[this] and ( check_plain(this, prev, vowels .. "ʹʺъЪьЬ" .. ((this == "э" or this == "Э") and "" or "йЙ"), false) or not prev and d.dash_before ) then insert(output, plain_e[this]) return -- ю becomes u if if preceded by ж or ш. elseif ( (this == "ю" or this == "Ю") and check_plain(this, prev, "жшЖШ", true) ) then insert(output, this == "ю" and "u" or "U") return -- Make lowercase izhitsa display as -v- after /a/, /e/ and /i/ -- (matching the equivalent Greek digraphs αυ, ευ and ηυ). elseif ( this == "ѵ" and prev and ("аеиіѣэяѥaæɐeəɛiɪɨАЕИІѢЭЯѤAEƐI"):find(prev, 1, true) ) then this = "в" word[d.i] = "в" -- Ignore word-final hard signs. elseif (this == "ъ" or this == "Ъ") and d.i == #word then return end insert(output, letters[this] or this) end -- Transliterate after the pronunciation-related transformations of -- export.apply_tr_fixes() have been applied. Called from {{ru-IPA}}. -- `jo_accent` is as in export.tr(). function export.tr_after_fixes(text, jo_accent) -- normalize any aliases text = toNFC(text:gsub(".[\128-\191]*", aliases)) local output = {} -- Note: We use ustring gsub because ustring gmatch is bugged, and -- it's easy to make gsub do the same thing. rsub(text, "([^" .. word_chars .. "]*)([" .. word_chars .. "]*)", function(before, word) for _, ch in ipairs(explode(before)) do insert(output, ch) end -- FIXME: Do this in one loop instead of splitting by word. word = explode(toNFD(word)) local d = { i = 0, vowels = 0 } -- Prefix if it's preceded by "^-" or " -". if output[#output] == "-" then local prev = output[#output - 1] if not prev or rfind(prev, "%s") then d.dash_before = true end end while d.i < #word do d.i = d.i + 1 do_iteration(output, word, d) end -- Add an implicit primary stress to a jo (if applicable). -- Jos do not implicitly take stress accents if an explicit primary -- stress is given. Otherwise, the final jo which doesn't have -- secondary stress takes primary stress. -- Prefixes do not take implicit primary stress. -- Primary stress will be shown on monosyllables if either they -- are a suffix or `jo_accent` is "mono". if ( jo_accent ~= "none" and d.final_jo and (not (d.primary or word[#word] == "-")) and (jo_accent == "mono" or d.vowels > 1 or d.dash_before) ) then output[d.final_jo] = output[d.final_jo] .. AC end end) return toNFC(concat(output)) end end -- Transliterates text, which should be a single word or phrase. It should -- include stress marks, which are then preserved in the transliteration. -- ё is a special case: it is rendered (j)ó in multisyllabic words and -- monosyllabic words in multi-word phrases, but rendered (j)o without an -- accent in isolated monosyllabic words. This can be overridden with the -- JO_ACCENT parameter: if set to "mono", monosyllabic words will also be -- given as (j)ó (this is used in conjugation and declension tables); if set -- to "none", it will always be rendered (j)o. -- NOADJ disables special-casing for adjectives in -го, while FORCEADJ forces -- special-casing for adjectives and disables checking for exceptions -- (e.g. много). NOSHTO disables special-casing for что and related words. -- As a special case, if `lang` is a language other than "ru", then none of -- the special transformations are applied, and JO_ACCENT is set to "none". -- This is for situations which require Russian transcriptions of Cyrillic, -- but where the special cases don't make sense (e.g. the Cyrillization of -- Mandarin, or pidgins such as Russenorsk). function export.tr(text, lang, sc, jo_accent, noadj, noshto, forceadj) if (ine(lang) or "ru") ~= "ru" then return export.tr_after_fixes(text, "none") end return export.tr_after_fixes( select(2, export.apply_tr_fixes(text, noadj, noshto, forceadj)), jo_accent ) end -- translit with various special-case substitutions; NOADJ disables -- special-casing for adjectives in -го, while FORCEADJ forces special-casing -- for adjectives and disables checking for expections (e.g. много). -- NOSHTO disables special-casing for что and related words. SUB is used -- to implement arbitrary substitutions in the Cyrillic text before other -- transformations are applied and before translit. It is of the form -- FROM/TO,FROM/TO,... function export.tr_sub(text, jo_accent, noadj, noshto, sub, forceadj) if type(text) == "table" then -- called directly from a template jo_accent = ine(text.args.jo_accent) noadj = ine(text.args.noadj) noshto = ine(text.args.noshto) sub = ine(text.args.sub) text = text.args[1] end if sub then local subs = rsplit(sub, ",") for _, subpair in ipairs(subs) do local subsplit = rsplit(subpair, "/") text = rsub(text, subsplit[1], subsplit[2]) end end return export.tr(text, nil, nil, jo_accent, noadj, noshto, forceadj) end --for adjectives, pronouns function export.tr_adj(text, jo_accent) if type(text) == "table" then -- called directly from a template jo_accent = ine(text.args.jo_accent) text = text.args[1] end -- we have to include "forceadj" because typically when tr_adj() is called -- from the noun or adjective modules, it's called with suffix ого, which -- would otherwise trigger the exceptional case and be transliterated as ogo return export.tr(text, nil, nil, jo_accent, false, "noshto", "forceadj") end return export jm07k4dhea4563ujvwgufrzehkupu96 828 3786227 7240515 2026-07-05T21:51:37Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} --[==[ intro: Author: Benwing; some very early work by Rua and Atitarev This module holds some commonly used functions for the Russian language. It's generally for use from other modules, not `#invoke`, although some functions can be invoked from a template (`export.iotation()`, `export.reduce_stem()`, `export.dereduce_stem()`, actually added to support calling from a bot script rather than from a user template; and `export.make_unstressed()`, called..." 7240515 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[==[ intro: Author: Benwing; some very early work by Rua and Atitarev This module holds some commonly used functions for the Russian language. It's generally for use from other modules, not `#invoke`, although some functions can be invoked from a template (`export.iotation()`, `export.reduce_stem()`, `export.dereduce_stem()`, actually added to support calling from a bot script rather than from a user template; and `export.make_unstressed()`, called from {{tl|R:ru:Vasmer}}). There may be issues when invoking such functions from templates when transliteration is present, due to the need for the transliteration to be decomposed, as mentioned below (all strings from Wiktionary pages are normally in composed form). NOTE NOTE NOTE: All functions assume that transliteration (but not Russian) has had its acute and grave accents decomposed using `export.decompose()`. This is the first thing that should be done to all user-specified transliteration and any transliteration we compute that we expect to work with. ]==] local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local m_table_tools = require("Module:Wt/mnc/table tools") -- Prevents an infinite require loop since ru-translit requires a different function in this module. local m_ru_translit = require("Module:Wt/mnc/require when needed")("Module:Wt/mnc/ru-translit") local m_headword_utilities = require("Module:Wt/mnc/require when needed")("Module:Wt/mnc/headword utilities") local m_table = require("Module:Wt/mnc/require when needed")("Module:Wt/mnc/table") local gsplit = m_str_utils.gsplit local split = m_str_utils.split local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD local u = m_str_utils.char local ufind = mw.ustring.find local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub local ulen = m_str_utils.len local ulower = m_str_utils.lower local umatch = mw.ustring.match local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility local usub = m_str_utils.sub local insert = table.insert local concat = table.concat local AC = u(0x0301) -- acute = ́ local GR = u(0x0300) -- grave = ̀ local CFLEX = u(0x0302) -- circumflex = ̂ local BREVE = u(0x0306) -- breve ̆ local DIA = u(0x0308) -- diaeresis = ̈ local CARON = u(0x030C) -- caron ̌ local OGONEK = u(0x0328) -- ogonek ̨ local PSEUDOVOWEL = u(0xFFF1) -- pseudovowel placeholder local PSEUDOCONS = u(0xFFF2) -- pseudoconsonant placeholder -- any stress export.stress = AC .. GR -- regex for any optional stress(s) export.opt_stress = "[" .. export.stress .. "]*" -- any accent export.accent = export.stress .. DIA .. BREVE .. CARON .. OGONEK -- regex for any optional accent(s) export.opt_accent = "[" .. export.accent .. "]*" -- any composed Cyrillic vowel with grave accent export.composed_grave_vowel = "ѐЀѝЍ" -- any Cyrillic vowel except ёЁ export.vowel_no_jo = "аАеЕиИӥӤіІїЇоОуУыЫѣѢэЭюЮяЯѵѴ" .. PSEUDOVOWEL .. export.composed_grave_vowel -- any Cyrillic vowel, including ёЁ export.vowel = export.vowel_no_jo .. "ёЁ" -- any vowel in transliteration export.tr_vowel = "aAeEěĚɛƐiIoOǒǑǫǪuUyY" .. PSEUDOVOWEL -- any consonant in transliteration, omitting "j" and the soft/hard sign export.tr_cons_no_approx = "bBcCčČdDfFgGkKlLmMnNpPrRsSšŠtTvVxXzZžŽ" .. PSEUDOCONS -- any consonant in transliteration, including soft/hard sign export.tr_cons = export.tr_cons_no_approx .. "jJʹʺ" -- regex for any consonant in transliteration, including soft/hard sign, -- optionally followed by any accent export.tr_cons_acc_re = "[" .. export.tr_cons .. "]" .. export.opt_accent -- any Cyrillic consonant except sibilants and ц export.cons_except_sib_c = "бБвВгГдДзЗйЙкКлЛмМнНпПрРсСтТфФхХъЪьЬѳѲ" .. PSEUDOCONS -- Cyrillic sibilant consonants export.sib = "жЖчЧшШщЩ" -- Cyrillic sibilant consonants and ц export.sib_c = export.sib .. "цЦ" -- any Cyrillic consonant export.cons = export.cons_except_sib_c .. export.sib_c -- Cyrillic velar consonants export.velar = "гГкКхХ" -- uppercase Cyrillic export.uppercase = "АБВГДЕЀЁЖЗИЍӤІЇЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬѢЭЮЯѲѴ" local function ine(x) return x ~= "" and x or nil end --[==[ Apply Proto-Slavic iotation. This is the change that is affected by a Slavic -j- after a consonant. `stem` is the Cyrillic stem and `tr` its optional manual translit. If `shch` is given, т iotates to щ instead of ч. Normally return two values, the iotated Cyrillic stem and corresponding transliteration (which will be {nil} if passed in as {nil}). If invoked from a template or bot, however, the return value will be a single string; if manual transliteration is present, the return value will be a string of the form `CYRILLIC//TRANSLIT` with two slahes separating the Cyrillic from the translit. ]==] function export.iotation(stem, tr, shch) local combine_tr = false -- so this can be called from a template (or usually, a bot) if type(stem) == "table" then stem, tr, shch = ine(stem.args[1]), ine(stem.args[2]), ine(stem.args[3]) combine_tr = true end stem = ugsub(stem, "[сх]$", "ш") stem = ugsub(stem, "с[кт]$", "щ") stem = ugsub(stem, "[кц]$", "ч") -- normally "т" is iotated as "ч" but there are many verbs that are iotated with "щ" if shch == "щ" then stem = stem:gsub("т$", "щ") else stem = stem:gsub("т$", "ч") end stem = ugsub(stem, "[гдз]$", "ж") stem = ugsub(stem, "[бвмпфѳ]$", "%0л") -- ѵ is equivalent to в after certain vowels stem = ugsub(stem, "[аАеЕѐЀиИѝЍӥӤіІїЇѣѢэЭяЯ]" .. export.opt_stress .. "ѵ$", "%0л") if tr then tr = tr:gsub("[sx]$", "š") :gsub("s[kt]$", "šč") :gsub("[kc]$", "č") -- normally "т" is iotated as "ч" but there are many verbs that are iotated with "щ" if shch == "щ" then tr = tr:gsub("t$", "šč") else tr = tr:gsub("t$", "č") end tr = tr:gsub("[dgz]$", "ž") :gsub("[bfmpv]$", "%0l") end if combine_tr then return export.combine_russian_tr(stem, tr) end return stem, tr end do -- A word needs accents if it is unstressed and contains more than one -- vowel, unless it's a prefix or suffix local function word_needs_accents(word) return not (word:sub(1, 1) == "-" or word:sub(-1) == "-") and export.is_unstressed(word) and not export.is_monosyllabic(word) end -- Does a set of Cyrillic words in connected text need accents? We need to -- split by word and check each one. function export.needs_accents(text) for word in gsplit(text, "%s+") do if word_needs_accents(word) then return true end end return false end end --[==[ True if either: # A vowel is marked with explicit primary stress. # The word has a single jo in it (which doesn't have secondary stress). This is because a word with multiple jos requires explicit stress to be marked, since we can't infer where primary stress lies. `Jo` can be `ё`, `ѣ̈`, or `я̈` (e.g. `сѣ̈дла`, plural of `сѣдло́`). ]==] function export.is_stressed(word) if word:find(AC) then return true end word = toNFD(word) return ( select(2, ugsub(word, "[еѣяЕѢЯ]" .. DIA, "")) == 1 and not umatch(word, "[еѣяЕѢЯ]" .. DIA .. GR) ) end --[==[ True if a Cyrillic word requires explicit stress. ]==] function export.is_unstressed(word) return not export.is_stressed(word) end --[==[ True if Cyrillic word is stressed on the last syllable. ]==] function export.is_ending_stressed(word) return ufind(word, "[ёЁ][^" .. export.vowel .. "]*$") or ufind(word, "[" .. export.vowel .. "][́̈][^" .. export.vowel .. "]*$") end do local function word_is_multi_stressed(word) -- Allow ё along with another stress, e.g. [[трёхэта́жный]], [[гёрлфре́нд]] or [[Са́мсё]]. return ufind(word, "[" .. export.vowel .. "][́̈].*[" .. export.vowel .. "][́̈]") end --[==[ True if a Cyrillic term has two or more stresses (acute or diaeresis) in a given word. ]==] function export.is_multi_stressed(text) for word in gsplit(text, "[%s-]+") do if word_is_multi_stressed(word) then return true end end return false end end --[==[ True if Cyrillic word is stressed on the first syllable. ]==] function export.is_beginning_stressed(word) return ufind(word, "^[^" .. export.vowel .. "]*[ёЁ]") or ufind(word, "^[^" .. export.vowel .. "]*[" .. export.vowel .. "]́") end --[==[ True if Cyrillic word has no vowel. Don't treat suffixes as nonsyllabic even if they have no vowel, as they are generally added onto words with vowels. ]==] function export.is_nonsyllabic(word) return not ufind(word, "^%-") and not ufind(word, "[" .. export.vowel .. "]") end --[==[ True if Cyrillic word has no more than one vowel; includes non-syllabic stems such as `льд-`. ]==] function export.is_monosyllabic(word) return not ufind(word, "[" .. export.vowel .. "].*[" .. export.vowel .. "]") end local recomposer = { -- Cyrillic letters ["е" .. DIA] = "ё", ["Е" .. DIA] = "Ё", ["и" .. DIA] = "ӥ", ["И" .. DIA] = "Ӥ", ["и" .. BREVE] = "й", ["И" .. BREVE] = "Й", ["і" .. DIA] = "ї", ["І" .. DIA] = "Ї", -- Latin letters ["c" .. CARON] = "č", ["C" .. CARON] = "Č", ["e" .. CARON] = "ě", ["E" .. CARON] = "Ě", ["o" .. CARON] = "ǒ", ["O" .. CARON] = "Ǒ", ["o" .. OGONEK] = "ǫ", ["O" .. OGONEK] = "Ǫ", ["s" .. CARON] = "š", ["S" .. CARON] = "Š", ["z" .. CARON] = "ž", ["Z" .. CARON] = "Ž", -- used in ru-pron: ["ж" .. BREVE] = "ӂ", -- used in ru-pron ["Ж" .. BREVE] = "Ӂ", ["j" .. CFLEX] = "ĵ", ["J" .. CFLEX] = "Ĵ", ["j" .. CARON] = "ǰ", -- no composed uppercase equivalent of J-caron ["ʒ" .. CARON] = "ǯ", ["Ʒ" .. CARON] = "Ǯ", } --[==[ Decompose acute, grave, etc. on letters (esp. Latin) into individivual character + combining accent. But recompose Cyrillic and Latin characters that we want to treat as units and get caught in the crossfire. We mostly want acute and grave decomposed; perhaps should just explicitly decompose those and no others. ]==] function export.decompose(text) return (ugsub(toNFD(text), ".[" .. BREVE .. DIA .. CARON .. OGONEK .. "]", recomposer)) end function export.assert_decomposed(text) assert(not ufind(text, "[áéíóúýàèìòùỳäëïöüÿÁÉÍÓÚÝÀÈÌÒÙỲÄËÏÖÜŸ]")) end --[==[ Transliterate text and then apply acute/grave decomposition. ]==] function export.translit(text, no_include_monosyllabic_jo_accent) local jo_accent = not no_include_monosyllabic_jo_accent and "mono" or nil return export.decompose(m_ru_translit.tr(text, nil, nil, jo_accent)) end --[==[ Recompose acutes and graves into preceding vowels. Probably not necessary. ]==] function export.recompose(text) return mw.ustring.toNFC(text) end local grave_decomposer = { ["ѐ"] = "е" .. GR, ["Ѐ"] = "Е" .. GR, ["ѝ"] = "и" .. GR, ["Ѝ"] = "И" .. GR, } --[==[ Decompose precomposed Cyrillic chars w/grave accent; not necessary for acute accent as there aren't precomposed Cyrillic chars w/acute accent, and undesirable for precomposed `ё` and `Ё`. ]==] function export.decompose_grave(word) return (ugsub(word, "[ѐЀѝЍ]", grave_decomposer)) end local grave_deaccenter = { [GR] = "", -- grave accent ["ѐ"] = "е", -- composed Cyrillic chars w/grave accent ["Ѐ"] = "Е", ["ѝ"] = "и", ["Ѝ"] = "И", } local deaccenter = mw.clone(grave_deaccenter) deaccenter[AC] = "" -- acute accent --[==[ Remove acute and grave accents; don't affect composed diaeresis in `ёЁ` or uncomposed diaeresis in `-ѣ̈-` (as in plural `сѣ̈дла` of `сѣдло́`). NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.remove_accents(word, tr) local ru_removed = ugsub(word, "[́̀ѐЀѝЍ]", deaccenter) if not tr then return ru_removed, nil end return ru_removed, (ugsub(tr, "[" .. AC .. GR .. "]", deaccenter)) end --[==[ Remove grave accents; don't affect acute or composed diaeresis in `ёЁ` or uncomposed diaeresis in `-ѣ̈-` (as in plural `сѣ̈дла` of `сѣдло́`). NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.remove_grave_accents(word, tr) local ru_removed = ugsub(word, "[̀ѐЀѝЍ]", grave_deaccenter) if not tr then return ru_removed, nil end return ru_removed, (ugsub(tr, GR, "")) end --[==[ Remove acute and grave accents in monosyllabic words; don't affect diaeresis (composed or uncomposed) because it indicates a change in vowel quality, which still applies to monosyllabic words. Don't change suffixes, where a "monosyllabic" stress is still significant (e.g. `-ча́т` short masculine of `-ча́тый`, vs. `-́чат` short masculine of `-́чатый`). NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.remove_monosyllabic_accents(word, tr) if export.is_monosyllabic(word) and not ufind(word, "^%-") then return export.remove_accents(word, tr) else return word, tr end end local destresser = mw.clone(deaccenter) destresser["ё"] = "е" destresser["Ё"] = "Е" destresser[DIA] = "" -- diaeresis -- Subfunction of split_syllables(). On input we get sections of text consisting of CONSONANT - VOWEL - CONSONANT - -- VOWEL ... - CONSONANT, where CONSONANT consists of zero or more consonants and VOWEL consists of exactly one vowel -- plus any following accent(s); we combine these into syllables as required by split_syllables(). local function combine_captures(captures) if captures[1] and not captures[2] then return captures end local combined = {} for i = 1, (#captures - 1), 2 do insert(combined, captures[i] .. captures[i+1]) end combined[#combined] = combined[#combined] .. captures[#captures] return combined end --[==[ Split Russian text and transliteration into syllables. Syllables end with vowel + accent(s), except for the last syllable, which includes any trailing consonants. NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.split_syllables(ru, tr) -- Split into alternating consonant/vowel sequences, as described in -- combine_captures(). local rusyllables = combine_captures(split(ru, "([" .. export.vowel .. "]" .. export.opt_accent .. ")")) local trsyllables if tr then export.assert_decomposed(tr) trsyllables = combine_captures(split(tr, "([" .. export.tr_vowel .. "]" .. export.opt_accent .. ")")) if #rusyllables ~= #trsyllables then error("Russian " .. ru .. " doesn't have same number of syllables as translit " .. tr) end end --error(concat(rusyllables, "/") .. "(" .. #rusyllables .. (trsyllables and (") || " .. concat(trsyllables, "/") .. "(" .. #trsyllables .. ")") or "")) return rusyllables, trsyllables end --[==[ Split Russian word and transliteration into hyphen-separated components. Rejoining with `concat(..., "-")` will recover the original word. If the original word ends in a hyphen, that hyphen gets included with the preceding component(this is the only case when an individual component has a hyphen in it). ]==] function export.split_hyphens(ru, tr) local rucomponents = split(ru, "%-") if rucomponents[#rucomponents] == "" and #rucomponents > 1 then rucomponents[#rucomponents - 1] = rucomponents[#rucomponents - 1] .. "-" table.remove(rucomponents) end local trcomponents if tr then trcomponents = split(tr, "%-") if trcomponents[#trcomponents] == "" and #trcomponents > 1 then trcomponents[#trcomponents - 1] = trcomponents[#trcomponents - 1] .. "-" table.remove(trcomponents) end if #rucomponents ~= #trcomponents then error("Russian " .. ru .. " doesn't have same number of hyphenated components as translit " .. tr) end end return rucomponents, trcomponents end --[==[ Apply `j` correction, converting `je` to `e` after consonants, `jo` to `o` after a sibilant, `ju` to `u` after hard sibilant. NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.j_correction(tr) tr = ugsub(tr, "([" .. export.tr_cons_no_approx .. "]" .. export.opt_accent ..")[Jj]([EeĚě])", "%1%2") tr = ugsub(tr, "([žščŽŠČ])[Jj]([Oo])", "%1%2") return (ugsub(tr, "([žšŽŠ])[Jj]([Uu])", "%1%2")) end local function make_unstressed_ru(ru) -- The following regexp has grave+acute+diaeresis after the bracket return (ugsub(ru, "[̀́̈ёЁѐЀѝЍ]", destresser)) end --[==[ Remove all stress marks (acute, grave, diaeresis). NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.make_unstressed(ru, tr) -- so this can be called from a template (specifically {{R:ru:Vasmer}}) if type(ru) == "table" then ru, tr = ine(ru.args[1]), ine(ru.args[2]) end if not tr then return make_unstressed_ru(ru), nil end -- In the presence of TR, we need to do things the hard way: Splitting -- into syllables and only converting Latin o to e opposite a ё. local rusyl, trsyl = export.split_syllables(ru, tr) for i=1,#rusyl do if ufind(rusyl[i], "[ёЁ]") then trsyl[i] = ugsub(trsyl[i], "[Oo]", {["O"] = "E", ["o"] = "e"}) end rusyl[i] = make_unstressed_ru(rusyl[i]) -- the following should still work as it will affect accents only trsyl[i] = make_unstressed_ru(trsyl[i]) end -- Also need to apply j correction as otherwise we'll have je after cons, etc. return concat(rusyl, ""), export.j_correction(concat(trsyl, "")) end local function remove_jo_ru(word) return (ugsub(word, "[̈ёЁ]", destresser)) end local function make_unstressed_once_ru(word) -- leave graves alone return (ugsub(word, "([́̈ёЁ])([^́̈ёЁ]*)$", function(x, rest) return destresser[x] .. rest; end, 1)) end --[==[ Remove diaeresis stress marks only. NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.remove_jo(ru, tr) if not tr then return remove_jo_ru(ru), nil end -- In the presence of TR, we need to do things the hard way: Splitting -- into syllables and only converting Latin o to e opposite a ё. local rusyl, trsyl = export.split_syllables(ru, tr) for i=1,#rusyl do if ufind(rusyl[i], "[ёЁ]") then trsyl[i] = ugsub(trsyl[i], "[Oo]", {["O"] = "E", ["o"] = "e"}) end rusyl[i] = remove_jo_ru(rusyl[i]) -- the following should still work as it will affect accents only trsyl[i] = make_unstressed_once_ru(trsyl[i]) end -- Also need to apply j correction as otherwise we'll have je after cons, etc. return concat(rusyl, ""), export.j_correction(concat(trsyl, "")) end local function map_last_hyphenated_component(fn, ru, tr) if ufind(ru, "%-") then -- If there is a hyphen, do it the hard way by splitting into -- individual components and doing the last one. Otherwise we just do -- the whole string. local rucomponents, trcomponents = export.split_hyphens(ru, tr) local lastru, lasttr = fn(rucomponents[#rucomponents], trcomponents and trcomponents[#trcomponents] or nil) rucomponents[#rucomponents] = lastru ru = concat(rucomponents, "-") if trcomponents then trcomponents[#trcomponents] = lasttr tr = concat(trcomponents, "-") end return ru, tr end return fn(ru, tr) end -- Make last stressed syllable (acute or diaeresis) unstressed; leave unstressed; leave graves alone; if `NOCONCAT`, -- return individual syllables. NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. local function make_unstressed_once_after_hyphen_split(ru, tr, noconcat) if not tr then return make_unstressed_once_ru(ru), nil end -- In the presence of TR, we need to do things the hard way, as with -- make_unstressed(). local rusyl, trsyl = export.split_syllables(ru, tr) for i=#rusyl,1,-1 do local stressed = export.is_stressed(rusyl[i]) if stressed then if ufind(rusyl[i], "[ёЁ]") then trsyl[i] = ugsub(trsyl[i], "[Oo]", {["O"] = "E", ["o"] = "e"}) end rusyl[i] = make_unstressed_once_ru(rusyl[i]) -- the following should still work as it will affect accents only trsyl[i] = make_unstressed_once_ru(trsyl[i]) break end end if noconcat then return rusyl, trsyl end -- Also need to apply j correction as otherwise we'll have je after cons return concat(rusyl, ""), export.j_correction(concat(trsyl, "")) end --[==[ Make last stressed syllable (acute or diaeresis) to the right of any hyphen unstressed (unless the hyphen is word-final); leave graves alone. We don't destress a syllable to the left of a hyphen unless the hyphen is word-final (i.e. a prefix). Otherwise e.g. the accents in the first part of words like ко́е-како́й and а́льфа-лу́ч won't remain. NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.make_unstressed_once(ru, tr) return map_last_hyphenated_component(make_unstressed_once_after_hyphen_split, ru, tr) end local function make_unstressed_once_at_beginning_ru(word) -- leave graves alone return (ugsub(word, "^([^́̈ёЁ]*)([́̈ёЁ])", function(rest, x) return rest .. destresser[x]; end, 1)) end --[==[ Make first stressed syllable (acute or diaeresis) unstressed; leave graves alone; if `NOCONCAT`, return individual syllables. NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.make_unstressed_once_at_beginning(ru, tr, noconcat) if not tr then return make_unstressed_once_at_beginning_ru(ru), nil end -- In the presence of TR, we need to do things the hard way, as with -- make_unstressed(). local rusyl, trsyl = export.split_syllables(ru, tr) for i=1,#rusyl do local stressed = export.is_stressed(rusyl[i]) if stressed then if ufind(rusyl[i], "[ёЁ]") then trsyl[i] = ugsub(trsyl[i], "[Oo]", {["O"] = "E", ["o"] = "e"}) end rusyl[i] = make_unstressed_once_at_beginning_ru(rusyl[i]) -- the following should still work as it will affect accents only trsyl[i] = make_unstressed_once_at_beginning_ru(trsyl[i]) break end end if noconcat then return rusyl, trsyl end -- Also need to apply j correction as otherwise we'll have je after cons return concat(rusyl, ""), export.j_correction(concat(trsyl, "")) end --[==[ Subfunction of `make_ending_stressed()`, `make_beginning_stressed()`, which add an acute accent to a syllable that may already have a grave accent; in such a case, remove the grave. NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.correct_grave_acute_clash(word, tr) word = ugsub(word, "([̀ѐЀѝЍ])́", function(x) return grave_deaccenter[x] .. AC; end) word = ugsub(word, AC .. GR, AC) if not tr then return word, nil end tr = ugsub(tr, GR .. AC, AC) tr = ugsub(tr, AC .. GR, AC) return word, tr end local function make_ending_stressed_ru(word) -- If already ending stressed, just return word so we don't mess up ё if export.is_ending_stressed(word) then return word end -- Destress the last stressed syllable word = make_unstressed_once_ru(word) -- Add an acute to the last syllable word = ugsub(word, "([" .. export.vowel_no_jo .. "])([^" .. export.vowel .. "]*)$", "%1́%2") -- If that caused an acute and grave next to each other, remove the grave return export.correct_grave_acute_clash(word) end -- Remove the last primary stress from the word and put it on the final syllable. Leave grave accents alone except in -- the last syllable. If final syllable already has primary stress, do nothing. NOTE: Translit must already be -- decomposed! See comment at top. local function make_ending_stressed_after_hyphen_split(ru, tr) if not tr then return make_ending_stressed_ru(ru), nil end -- If already ending stressed, just return ru/tr so we don't mess up ё if export.is_ending_stressed(ru) then return ru, tr end -- Destress the last stressed syllable; pass in "noconcat" so we get -- the individual syllables back local rusyl, trsyl = make_unstressed_once_after_hyphen_split(ru, tr, "noconcat") -- Add an acute to the last syllable of both Russian and translit rusyl[#rusyl] = ugsub(rusyl[#rusyl], "([" .. export.vowel_no_jo .. "])", "%1" .. AC) trsyl[#trsyl] = ugsub(trsyl[#trsyl], "([" .. export.tr_vowel .. "])", "%1" .. AC) -- If that caused an acute and grave next to each other, remove the grave rusyl[#rusyl], trsyl[#trsyl] = export.correct_grave_acute_clash(rusyl[#rusyl], trsyl[#trsyl]) -- j correction didn't get applied in make_unstressed_once because -- we short-circuited it and made it return lists of syllables return concat(rusyl, ""), export.j_correction(concat(trsyl, "")) end --[==[ Remove the last primary stress from the portion of the word to the right of any hyphen (unless the hyphen is word-final) and put it on the final syllable. Leave grave accents alone except in the last syllable. If final syllable already has primary stress, do nothing. (See `make_unstressed_once()` for why we don't affect stresses to the left of a hyphen.) NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.make_ending_stressed(ru, tr) return map_last_hyphenated_component(make_ending_stressed_after_hyphen_split, ru, tr) end local function make_beginning_stressed_ru(word) -- If already beginning stressed, just return word so we don't mess up ё if export.is_beginning_stressed(word) then return word end -- Destress the first stressed syllable word = make_unstressed_once_at_beginning_ru(word) -- Add an acute to the first syllable word = ugsub(word, "^([^" .. export.vowel .. "]*)([" .. export.vowel_no_jo .. "])", "%1%2́") -- If that caused an acute and grave next to each other, remove the grave return export.correct_grave_acute_clash(word) end --[==[ Remove the first primary stress from the word and put it on the initial syllable. Leave grave accents alone except in the first syllable. If initial syllable already has primary stress, do nothing. NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.make_beginning_stressed(ru, tr) if not tr then return make_beginning_stressed_ru(ru), nil end -- If already beginning stressed, just return ru/tr so we don't mess up ё if export.is_beginning_stressed(ru) then return ru, tr end -- Destress the first stressed syllable; pass in "noconcat" so we get -- the individual syllables back local rusyl, trsyl = export.make_unstressed_once_at_beginning(ru, tr, "noconcat") -- Add an acute to the first syllable of both Russian and translit rusyl[1] = ugsub(rusyl[1], "([" .. export.vowel_no_jo .. "])", "%1" .. AC) trsyl[1] = ugsub(trsyl[1], "([" .. export.tr_vowel .. "])", "%1" .. AC) -- If that caused an acute and grave next to each other, remove the grave rusyl[1], trsyl[1] = export.correct_grave_acute_clash(rusyl[1], trsyl[1]) -- j correction didn't get applied in make_unstressed_once_at_beginning -- because we short-circuited it and made it return lists of syllables return concat(rusyl, ""), export.j_correction(concat(trsyl, "")) end -- used for tracking and categorization local hard_cons = {"hard-cons", "cons"} local hard_vowel = {"vowel", "hard-vowel"} local i_vowel = {"i", "vowel", "soft-vowel"} local sibilant_cons = {"sibilant", "cons"} local soft_vowel = {"vowel", "soft-vowel"} local velar_cons = {"velar", "cons"} local trailing_letter_type = { ["ш"] = sibilant_cons, ["щ"] = sibilant_cons, ["ч"] = sibilant_cons, ["ж"] = sibilant_cons, ["ц"] = {"c", "cons"}, ["к"] = velar_cons, ["г"] = velar_cons, ["х"] = velar_cons, ["ь"] = {"soft-cons", "cons"}, ["ъ"] = hard_cons, ["й"] = {"palatal", "cons"}, ["а"] = hard_vowel, ["я"] = soft_vowel, ["э"] = hard_vowel, ["е"] = soft_vowel, ["ѐ"] = soft_vowel, ["ѣ"] = soft_vowel, ["и"] = i_vowel, ["ѝ"] = i_vowel, ["ӥ"] = i_vowel, ["і"] = i_vowel, ["ї"] = i_vowel, ["ѵ"] = i_vowel, ["ы"] = hard_vowel, ["о"] = hard_vowel, ["ё"] = soft_vowel, ["у"] = hard_vowel, ["ю"] = soft_vowel, } function export.get_stem_trailing_letter_type(stem) return trailing_letter_type[ulower(usub(export.remove_accents(stem), -1))] or hard_cons end --[==[ Reduce stem by eliminating the "epenthetic" vowel. Applies to nominative singular masculine 2nd-declension hard and soft, and 3rd-declension feminine in -ь (e.g. [[любовь]]). `STEM` should be the result after calling `detect_stem_type()`, but with final -й if present. Normally returns two arguments (`STEM` and `TR`), but can be called from a template or bot using `#invoke` and will return one argument (`STEM`, or `STEM//TR` if `TR` is present). Returns {nil} if unable to reduce. NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.reduce_stem(stem, tr, soft_n) local pre, letter, post local pretr, lettertr, posttr local combine_tr = false -- test cases with translit: -- =p.reduce_stem("фе́ез", "fɛ́jez") -> фе́йз, fɛ́jz -- =p.reduce_stem("фе́йез", "fɛ́jez") -> фе́йз, fɛ́jz -- =p.reduce_stem("фе́без", "fɛ́bez") -> фе́бз, fɛ́bz -- =p.reduce_stem("фе́лез", "fɛ́lez") -> фе́льз, fɛ́lʹz -- =p.reduce_stem("феёз", p.decompose("fɛjóz")) -> фейз, fɛjz -- =p.reduce_stem("фейёз", p.decompose("fɛjjóz")) -> фейз, fɛjz -- =p.reduce_stem("фебёз", p.decompose("fɛbjóz")) -> фебз, fɛbz -- =p.reduce_stem("фелёз", p.decompose("fɛljóz")) -> фельз, fɛlʹz -- =p.reduce_stem("фе́бей", "fɛ́bej") -> фе́бь, fɛ́bʹ -- =p.reduce_stem("фебёй", p.decompose("fɛbjój")) -> фебь, fɛbʹ -- =p.reduce_stem("фе́ей", "fɛ́jej") -> фе́йй, fɛ́jj -- =p.reduce_stem("феёй", p.decompose("fɛjój")) -> фейй, fɛjj -- so this can be called from a template (or usually, a bot) if type(stem) == "table" then stem, tr = ine(stem.args[1]), ine(stem.args[2]) combine_tr = true end pre, letter, post = umatch(stem, "^(.*)([оОеЕёЁ])́?([" .. export.cons .. "]+)$") if not pre then return nil, nil end if tr then -- FIXME, may not be necessary to write the posttr portion as a -- consonant + zero or more consonant/accent combinations -- when will -- we ever get an accent after a consonant? That would indicate a -- failure of the decompose mechanism. pretr, lettertr, posttr = umatch(tr, "^(.*)([oOeE])́?([" .. export.tr_cons .. "][" .. export.tr_cons .. export.accent .. "]*)$") if not pretr then return nil, nil -- should not happen unless tr is really messed up end -- Remove any trailing j's on the translit stem which don't have a -- corresponding й on the Cyrillic stem. This avoids excess j's with -- cases like индонези́ец//indonɛzíjec, but retains multiple j's where -- necessary. pretr = ugsub(pretr, "[jJ]+$", function(m) return usub(m, 1, ulen(umatch(pre, "[йЙ]*$"))) end) end if letter == "О" or letter == "о" then -- FIXME, what about when the accent is on the removed letter? if post == "й" or post == "Й" then -- FIXME, is this correct? return nil, nil end letter = "" else local is_upper = ufind(post, "[" .. export.uppercase .. "]") if ufind(pre, "[" .. export.vowel .. "]́?$") then letter = is_upper and "Й" or "й" elseif post == "й" or post == "Й" then letter = is_upper and "Ь" or "ь" post = "" if posttr then posttr = "" end elseif ufind(post, "[" .. export.velar .. "]$") and ufind(pre, "[" .. export.cons_except_sib_c .. "]$") or ufind(post, "[^йЙ" .. export.velar .. "]$") and ufind(pre, "[лЛ]$") or soft_n and ufind(pre, "[нН]$") then letter = is_upper and "Ь" or "ь" else letter = "" end end stem = pre .. letter .. post if tr then tr = pretr .. export.translit(letter) .. posttr end if combine_tr then return export.combine_russian_tr(stem, tr) else return stem, tr end end --[==[ Generate the dereduced stem given `STEM` and `EPENTHETIC_STRESS` (which indicates whether the epenthetic vowel should be stressed); this is without any terminating non-syllabic ending, which is added if needed by the calling function. Normally returns two arguments (`STEM` and `TR`), but can be called from a template using `#invoke` (or by bot) and will return one argument (`STEM`, or `STEM//TR` if `TR` is present). Returns {nil} if unable to dereduce. NOTE: Translit must already be decomposed! See comment at top. ]==] function export.dereduce_stem(stem, tr, epenthetic_stress) local combine_tr = false -- so this can be called from a template (or usually, a bot) if type(stem) == "table" then stem, tr, epenthetic_stress = ine(stem.args[1]), ine(stem.args[2]), ine(stem.args[3]) combine_tr = true end if epenthetic_stress then stem, tr = export.make_unstressed_once(stem, tr) end local pre, letter, post local pretr, lettertr, posttr -- FIXME!!! Deal with this special case --if not (z.stem_type == "soft" and _.equals(z.stress_type, {"b", "f"}) -- we should ignore asterix for 2*b and 2*f (so to process it just like 2b or 2f) -- or _.contains(z.specific, "(2)") and _.equals(z.stem_type, {"velar", "letter-ц", "vowel"})) -- and also the same for (2)-specific and 3,5,6 stem-types --then -- I think this corresponds to our -ья and -ье types, which we -- handle separately --if z.stem_type == "vowel" then -- 1). -- if _.equals(z.stress_type, {"b", "c", "e", "f", "f'", "b'" }) then -- gen_pl ending stressed -- TODO: special vars for that -- z.stems["gen_pl"] = _.replace(z.stems["gen_pl"], "ь$", "е́") -- else -- z.stems["gen_pl"] = _.replace(z.stems["gen_pl"], "ь$", "и") -- end --end pre, letter, post = umatch(stem, "^(.*)([" .. export.cons .. "])([" .. export.cons .. "])$") if tr then pretr, lettertr, posttr = umatch(tr, "^(.*)(" .. export.tr_cons_acc_re .. ")(" .. export.tr_cons_acc_re .. ")$") if pre and not pretr then return nil, nil -- should not happen unless tr is really messed up end end if pre then local is_upper = ufind(post, "[" .. export.uppercase .. "]") local epvowel if ufind(letter, "[ьйЬЙ]") then letter = "" lettertr = "" if ufind(post, "[цЦ]$") or not epenthetic_stress then epvowel = is_upper and "Е" or "е" else epvowel = is_upper and "Ё" or "ё" end elseif ufind(letter, "[" .. export.cons_except_sib_c .. "]") and ufind(post, "[" .. export.velar .. "]") or ufind(letter, "[" .. export.velar .. "]") then epvowel = is_upper and "О" or "о" elseif post == "ц" or post == "Ц" then epvowel = is_upper and "Е" or "е" elseif epenthetic_stress then if ufind(letter, "[" .. export.sib .. "]") then epvowel = is_upper and "О́" or "о́" else epvowel = is_upper and "Ё" or "ё" end else epvowel = is_upper and "Е" or "е" end assert(epvowel) stem = pre .. letter .. epvowel .. post if tr then tr = pretr .. lettertr .. export.translit(epvowel) .. posttr tr = export.j_correction(tr) end if epenthetic_stress then stem, tr = export.make_ending_stressed(stem, tr) end if combine_tr then return export.combine_russian_tr(stem, tr) else return stem, tr end end return nil, nil end --[==[ Parse an entry that potentially has final footnote symbols and initial `*` for a hypothetical entry into initial symbols, text and final symbols. ]==] function export.split_symbols(entry, do_subscript) local prefentry, finalnotes = m_table_tools.separate_notes(entry) local initnotes, text = umatch(prefentry, "(%*?)(.*)$") return initnotes, text, finalnotes end -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Used for manual translit -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[==[ Transliterate text after removing any links. The translit is decomposed in the process. ]==] function export.translit_no_links(text) return export.translit(require("Module:Wt/mnc/links").remove_links(text)) end --[==[ Split a combined Cyrillic/translit string (either in the form `CYRILLIC//TRANSLIT` or just `CYRILLIC`) into its components, decompose the translit, and either return a two-element list of `CYRILLIC` and `TRANSLIT` (if `dopair` is given), or two separate return values (if `dopair` is not specified). ]==] function export.split_russian_tr(term, dopair) local ru, tr if not term:find("//") then ru = term else local splitvals = split(term, "//") if #splitvals ~= 2 then error("Must have at most one // in a Russian//translit expr: '" .. term .. "'") end ru, tr = splitvals[1], export.decompose(splitvals[2]) end if dopair then return {ru, tr} else return ru, tr end end --[==[ Combine Cyrillic and translit into a single string separated by `//`. If translit is {nil}, the return value will be the same as the passed-in Cyrillic. `ru` can be a string (which any manual translit in `tr`) or a two-element table of `{CYRILLIC, TRANSLIT}`. ]==] function export.combine_russian_tr(ru, tr) if type(ru) == "table" then ru, tr = unpack(ru) end if tr then return ru .. "//" .. tr else return ru end end local function concat_maybe_moving_notes(x, y, movenotes) if movenotes then local xentry, xnotes = m_table_tools.separate_notes(x) local yentry, ynotes = m_table_tools.separate_notes(y) return xentry .. yentry .. xnotes .. ynotes else return x .. y end end --[==[ Concatenate two Cyrillic strings `RU1` and `RU2` that may have corresponding manual transliteration `TR1` and `TR2` (which should be {nil} if there is no manual translit, and otherwise should be decomposed). If `DOPAIR`, return a two-item list of the combined Cyrillic and manual translit (which will be {nil} if both `TR1` and `TR2` are {nil}); else, return two values, the combined Cyrillic and manual translit. If `MOVENOTES`, extract any footnote symbols at the end of `RU1` and move them to the end of the concatenated string, before any footnote symbols for `RU2`; same thing goes for `TR1` and `TR2`. ]==] function export.concat_russian_tr(ru1, tr1, ru2, tr2, dopair, movenotes) local ru, tr if not tr1 and not tr2 then ru = concat_maybe_moving_notes(ru1, ru2, movenotes) else if not tr1 then tr1 = export.translit_no_links(ru1) end if not tr2 then tr2 = export.translit_no_links(ru2) end ru, tr = concat_maybe_moving_notes(ru1, ru2, movenotes), export.j_correction(concat_maybe_moving_notes(tr1, tr2, movenotes)) end if dopair then return {ru, tr} else return ru, tr end end --[==[ Concatenate two Cyrillic/translit combinations (where each combination is a two-element list of `{CYRILLIC, TRANSLIT}` where `TRANSLIT` may be nil) by individually concatenating the Cyrillic and translit portions, and return a concatenated combination as a two-element list. If the manual translit portions of both terms on entry are {nil}, the result will also have {nil} manual translit. If `MOVENOTES`, extract any footnote symbols at the end of `TERM1` and move them after the concatenated string and before any footnote symbols at the end of `TERM2`. ]==] function export.concat_paired_russian_tr(term1, term2, movenotes) assert(type(term1) == "table") assert(type(term2) == "table") local ru1, tr1 = term1[1], term1[2] local ru2, tr2 = term2[1], term2[2] return export.concat_russian_tr(ru1, tr1, ru2, tr2, "dopair", movenotes) end function export.concat_forms(forms) local joined_rutr = {} for _, form in ipairs(forms) do insert(joined_rutr, export.combine_russian_tr(form)) end return concat(joined_rutr, ",") end --[==[ Given a list of forms, where each form is a two-element list of `{CYRILLIC, TRANSLIT}`, strip footnote symbols from the end of the Cyrillic and translit. ]==] function export.strip_notes_from_forms(forms) local newforms = {} for _, form in ipairs(forms) do local ru, tr = form[1], form[2] ru, _ = m_table_tools.separate_notes(ru) if tr then tr, _ = m_table_tools.separate_notes(tr) end insert(newforms, {ru, tr}) end return newforms end --[==[ Given a list of forms, where each form is a two-element list of `{CYRILLIC, TRANSLIT}`, unzip into parallel lists of Cyrillic and translit. The latter list may have gaps in it. ]==] function export.unzip_forms(forms) local rulist = {} local trlist = {} for i, form in ipairs(forms) do local ru, tr = form[1], form[2] rulist[i] = ru trlist[i] = tr end return rulist, trlist end --[==[ Given parallel lists of Cyrillic and translit (where the latter list may have gaps in it), return a list of forms, where each form is a two-element list of `{CYRILLIC, TRANSLIT}`. ]==] function export.zip_forms(rulist, trlist) local forms = {} for i, ru in ipairs(rulist) do insert(forms, {ru, trlist[i]}) end return forms end local function any_forms_have_translit(forms) for _, form in ipairs(forms) do if form[2] then return true end end return false end --[==[ Given a list of forms, where each form is a two-element list of `{CYRILLIC, TRANSLIT}`, combine forms with identical Cyrillic, concatenating the translit with a comma+space in between. ]==] function export.combine_translit_of_duplicate_forms(forms) if not forms[1] then return forms end -- Optimization to avoid creating a new list in the majority case when no translit exists. if not any_forms_have_translit(forms) then return forms end local newforms = {} insert(newforms, {forms[1][1], forms[1][2]}) for i = 2, #forms do local found_duplicate = false for j = 1, #newforms do -- If the Russian of the next form is the same as that of the last one, combine their translits and modify -- newforms[] in-place. Otherwise add the next form to newforms[]. Make sure to clone the form rather than -- just appending it directly since we may modify it in-place; we don't want to side-effect `forms` as -- passed in. if forms[i][1] == newforms[j][1] then local tr1 = newforms[j][2] local tr2 = forms[i][2] if not tr1 and not tr2 then -- this shouldn't normally happen else tr1 = tr1 or export.translit_no_links(newforms[j][1]) tr2 = tr2 or export.translit_no_links(forms[i][1]) if tr1 == tr2 then -- this shouldn't normally happen else newforms[j][2] = tr1 .. ", " .. tr2 end end found_duplicate = true break end end if not found_duplicate then insert(newforms, {forms[i][1], forms[i][2]}) end end return newforms end function export.any_termobjs_have_translit(termobjs) for _, termobj in ipairs(termobjs) do if termobj.tr then return true end end return false end --[==[ Given a list of term objects, where each object is a table of `{term = CYRILLIC, tr = TRANSLIT, ...}`, combine forms with identical Cyrillic and identical ancillary properties, concatenating the translit with a comma+space in between. Also recompose all transliteration. ]==] function export.combine_translit_of_duplicate_termobjs_and_recompose(termobjs) if not termobjs[1] then return termobjs end -- Optimization to avoid creating a new list in the majority case when no translit exists. if not export.any_termobjs_have_translit(termobjs) then return termobjs end local newtermobjs = {} insert(newtermobjs, m_table.shallowCopy(termobjs[1])) for i = 2, #termobjs do local found_duplicate = false for j = 1, #newtermobjs do -- If the Russian of the next termobj is the same as that of the last one, combine their translits and -- modify newtermobjs[] in-place. Otherwise add the next termobj to newtermobjs[]. Make sure to clone the -- termobj rather than just appending it directly since we may modify it in-place; we don't want to -- side-effect `termobjs` as passed in. if termobjs[i].term == newtermobjs[j].term and m_headword_utilities.termobj_ancillary_properties_equal(termobjs[i], newtermobjs[j]) then local tr1 = newtermobjs[j].tr local tr2 = termobjs[i].tr if not tr1 and not tr2 then -- this shouldn't normally happen else tr1 = tr1 or export.translit_no_links(newtermobjs[j].term) tr2 = tr2 or export.translit_no_links(termobjs[i].term) if tr1 == tr2 then -- this shouldn't normally happen else newtermobjs[j].tr = tr1 .. ", " .. tr2 end end found_duplicate = true break end end if not found_duplicate then insert(newtermobjs, m_table.shallowCopy(termobjs[i])) end end for _, newtermobj in ipairs(newtermobjs) do if newtermobj.tr then newtermobj.tr = export.recompose(newtermobj.tr) end end return newtermobjs end --[==[ Given a list of forms, where each form is a two-element list of `{CYRILLIC, TRANSLIT}`, split cases where two different transliterations have been packed into a single translit field by creating two adjacent term/translit pairs. This is the opposite operation of `combine_translit_of_duplicate_forms()`. ]==] function export.split_translit_of_duplicate_forms(forms) if not forms[1] then return forms end -- Optimization to avoid creating a new list in the majority case when no translit exists. if not export.any_forms_have_translit(forms) then return forms end local newforms = {} for _, form in ipairs(forms) do local ru, tr = unpack(form) if not tr or not tr:find(",") or ru:find(",") then insert(newforms, form) else local split_trs = split(tr, ",%s*") local default_tr = export.translit_no_links(ru) for _, split_tr in ipairs(split_trs) do if split_tr == default_tr then split_tr = nil end insert(newforms, {ru, split_tr}) end end end return newforms end --[==[ Given a list of forms, where each form is a two-element list of `{CYRILLIC, TRANSLIT}`, split cases where two different transliterations have been packed into a single translit field by creating two adjacent term/translit pairs. This is the opposite operation of `combine_translit_of_duplicate_forms()`. ]==] function export.split_translit_of_duplicate_termobjs_and_decompose(termobjs) if not termobjs[1] then return termobjs end -- Optimization to avoid creating a new list in the majority case when no translit exists. if not export.any_termobjs_have_translit(termobjs) then return termobjs end local newobjs = {} for _, obj in ipairs(termobjs) do local tr = obj.tr if tr then tr = export.decompose(tr) end if not tr or not tr:find(",") or obj.term:find(",[^%s]") then if not tr or tr == obj.tr then insert(newobjs, obj) else obj = m_table.shallowCopy(obj) obj.tr = tr insert(newobjs, obj) end else local term = obj.term local embedded_comma_in_term = not not term:find(",") -- If there's an embedded comma in the term, we want to split on commas not followed by a space; otherwise, -- we split on commas whether or not followed by a space. To implement "comma not followed by space", we -- can use a "frontier pattern"; the one below matches if the character after the comma is in the specified -- set (which is anything but a comma or space) and the comma itself is not in the specified set (in other -- words, it is a comma or space, which matches because it's a comma). This doesn't work correctly if there -- are two commas in a row, but that should not happen as there should not be an empty translit. local split_trs = split(tr, embedded_comma_in_term and ",%f[^,%s]" or ",%s*") local default_tr = export.translit_no_links(term) for _, split_tr in ipairs(split_trs) do if split_tr == default_tr then split_tr = nil end local newobj = m_table.shallowCopy(obj) newobj.tr = split_tr insert(newobjs, newobj) end end end return newobjs end function export.strip_ending(ru, tr, ending) local strippedru = ugsub(ru, ending .. "$", "") if strippedru == ru then error("Argument " .. ru .. " doesn't end with expected ending " .. ending) end ru = strippedru tr = export.strip_tr_ending(tr, ending) return ru, tr end function export.strip_tr_ending(tr, ending) if not tr then return nil end local endingtr = ugsub(export.translit_no_links(ending), "^([Jj])", "%1?") local strippedtr = ugsub(tr, endingtr .. "$", "") if strippedtr == tr then error("Translit " .. tr .. " doesn't end with expected ending " .. endingtr) end return strippedtr end return export b8buov088cum5gpynr0fr8cio4gcpry 828 3786228 7240516 2026-07-05T21:51:51Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local m_links = require("Module:Wt/mnc/links") local u = mw.ustring.char local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility local notes_ranges = { -- First three represent symbols in ISO-8859-1 -- Including ÷ (U+00F7) × (U+00D7) § (U+00B7) ¤ (U+00A4) {0xA1,0xBF}, {0xD7,0xD7}, -- × {0xF7,0xF7}, -- ÷ -- Next two are "General Punctuation" minus non-spacing chars -- First one includes † (U+2020) ‡ (U+2021) • (U+2022)..." 7240516 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_links = require("Module:Wt/mnc/links") local u = mw.ustring.char local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility local notes_ranges = { -- First three represent symbols in ISO-8859-1 -- Including ÷ (U+00F7) × (U+00D7) § (U+00B7) ¤ (U+00A4) {0xA1,0xBF}, {0xD7,0xD7}, -- × {0xF7,0xF7}, -- ÷ -- Next two are "General Punctuation" minus non-spacing chars -- First one includes † (U+2020) ‡ (U+2021) • (U+2022) ※ (U+203B) ⁕ (U+2055) {0x2010,0x2027}, {0x2030,0x205E}, -- Next one is "Superscripts and Subscripts" and "Currency Symbols" {0x2070,0x20CF}, -- Next one is a whole series of symbol ranges {0x2100,0x2B5F}, -- Next one is "Supplemental Punctuation" {0x2E00,0x2E3F} } local unicode_ranges = {} for _, range in ipairs(notes_ranges) do table.insert(unicode_ranges, u(range[1]) .. "-" .. u(range[2])) end local unicode_range_str = table.concat(unicode_ranges, "") local notes_re = "[%*%~%@%#%$%%%^%&%+0-9_ " .. unicode_range_str .. "]*" local function manipulate_entry(entries, f) entries = entries or "" entries = mw.text.split(mw.ustring.gsub(entries, "^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1"), "%s*,%s*") local sep = "" local ret = "" for _, entry in ipairs(entries) do ret = ret .. sep .. (entry == "-" and "—" or entry == "" and "" or f(entry)) sep = ", " end return ret end local function gather_args(frame) local args = {} for key, val in pairs(frame.args) do if val ~= "" then args[key] = val end end local i = 1 for _, val in ipairs(frame:getParent().args) do if val and val ~= "" then while args[i] do i = i + 1 end args[i] = val i = i + 1 end end local lang = args["lang"] if not lang then lang = args[1] local n = 1 while args[n] do args[n] = args[n + 1] n = n + 1 end end return lang, args end function export.separate_notes(entry) local notes entry, notes = mw.ustring.match(entry, "^(.-)(" .. notes_re .. ")$") return entry, notes end function export.superscript_notes(notes) if notes ~= "" then notes = "<sup>" .. mw.ustring.gsub(notes, "_", " ") .. "</sup>" end return notes end function export.get_notes(entry) local notes entry, notes = export.separate_notes(entry) notes = export.superscript_notes(notes) return entry, notes end function export.separate_initial_notes(entry) local notes notes, entry = mw.ustring.match(entry, "^(" .. notes_re .. ")(.*)$") return notes, entry end function export.get_initial_notes(entry) local notes notes, entry = export.separate_initial_notes(entry) notes = export.superscript_notes(notes) return notes, entry end function export.linkify_entry(lang, entries, prep) if type(lang) == "table" then local args lang, args = gather_args(lang) if (args["prep"] or "") ~= "" then local mod, func = unpack(mw.text.split(args["prep"], "#", true)) prep = require("Module:Wt/mnc/" .. mod)[func] end entries = args[1] end lang = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages").getByCode(lang) local function f(entry) local e, notes = export.get_notes(entry) local ep = prep and prep(e) return m_links.language_link{lang = lang, term = ep or e, alt = ep and e} .. notes end return manipulate_entry(entries, f) end function export.translit_entry(lang, entries) if type(lang) == "table" then local args lang, args = gather_args(lang) entries = args[1] end lang = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages").getByCode(lang) local function f(entry) local e, notes = export.get_notes(entry) return ((lang:transliterate(e)) or e) .. notes end return manipulate_entry(m_links.remove_links(entries), f) end function export.format_entry(lang, entries) if type(lang) == "table" then local args lang, args = gather_args(lang) entries = args[1] end return manipulate_entry(m_links.remove_links(entries), function(entry) local e, n = export.get_notes(entry); return e .. n end) end function export.first_entry(lang, entries) if type(lang) == "table" then local args lang, args = gather_args(lang) entries = args[1] end local entry = mw.text.split(mw.ustring.gsub(entries, "^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1"), "%s*,%s*")[1] local e, notes = export.get_notes(entry) return e .. notes end return export qumtnfev35ksh4nevn0nw1yhw10r54t 828 3786229 7240517 2026-07-05T21:52:09Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local m_string_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local gsplit = m_string_utils.gsplit local gsub = m_string_utils.gsub local len = m_string_utils.len local lower = m_string_utils.lower local split = m_string_utils.split local entering = { p = 1, t = 1, k = 1 } local entering_tones = { ["1"] = "7", ["3"] = "8", ["6"] = "9" } local ipa_allophones = { ei = "eri", eoi = "eoy", ing = "irng", ik = "irk", ou = "oru", ung = "urng",..." 7240517 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_string_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local gsplit = m_string_utils.gsplit local gsub = m_string_utils.gsub local len = m_string_utils.len local lower = m_string_utils.lower local split = m_string_utils.split local entering = { p = 1, t = 1, k = 1 } local entering_tones = { ["1"] = "7", ["3"] = "8", ["6"] = "9" } local ipa_allophones = { ei = "eri", eoi = "eoy", ing = "irng", ik = "irk", ou = "oru", ung = "urng", uk = "urk", } local ipa_initial = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["f"] = "f", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["gw"] = "kʷ", ["kw"] = "kʷʰ", -- ["zh"] = "t͡ʃ", ["ch"] = "t͡ʃʰ", ["sh"] = "ʃ", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "s", ["h"] = "h", ["w"] = "w", ["j"] = "j", [""] = "" } -- vowels with "r" only appear as allophones and should not appear in the input local ipa_nucleus = { ["aa"] = "aː", ["a"] = "ɐ", ["e"] = "ɛː", ["er"] = "e", ["i"] = "iː", ["ir"] = "ɪ", ["o"] = "ɔː", ["or"] = "o", ["oe"] = "œː", ["eo"] = "ɵ", ["u"] = "uː", ["ur"] = "ʊ", ["yu"] = "yː" } local ipa_coda = { ["i"] = "i̯", ["u"] = "u̯", ["y"] = "y̯", ["m"] = "m", ["n"] = "n", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["p"] = "p̚", ["t"] = "t̚", ["k"] = "k̚", [""] = "" } local ipa_tone = { ["1"] = "<span style=\"cursor:help\" title=\"or 53\">⁵⁵</span>", ["2"] = "³⁵", ["3"] = "³³", ["4"] = "²¹", ["5"] = "¹³", ["6"] = "²²", ["7"] = "⁵", ["8"] = "³", ["9"] = "²", [""] = "" } local ipa_tone_sandhi = { ["-"] = "⁻", [""] = "" } local ipa_syllabic = { ["m"] = "m̩", ["ng"] = "ŋ̍" } -- display `main`, but show `option` on hovering local function alt(main,option) return '<span style="cursor:help" title="or ' .. option .. '">' .. main .. '</span>' end local acute = { a="á", e="é", i="í", o="ó", u="ú", m="ḿ", ng="ńg" } local grave = { a="à", e="è", i="ì", o="ò", u="ù", m="m̀", ng="ǹg" } local macron = { a="ā", e="ē", i="ī", o="ō", u="ū", m="m̄", ng="n̄g" } -- "?" indicates finals that are not supported by Yale local yale_final = { ["a"] = "?", ["aa"] = "a", ["eu"] = "?", ["em"] = "?", ["en"] = "?", ["ep"] = "?", ["et"] = "?", ["om"] = "?", ["op"] = "?", ["um"] = "?", ["up"] = "?", ["oe"] = "eu", ["oem"] = "?", ["oen"] = "?", ["oeng"] = "eung", ["oep"] = "?", ["oet"] = "?", ["oek"] = "euk", ["eoi"] = "eui", ["eon"] = "eun", ["eot"] = "eut", } -- The core function to handle conversion to Yale. -- For non-syllabics, there is exactly one vowel cluster in the syllable: -- the first vowel is inputted as `a`, and the rest of the vowels is `b`, and `t` is the tone. --- (e.g. "keui" -> a="e",b="ui"; "keung" -> a="e",b="u") -- Conversion rule: --- if `t` is 4, 5, or 6, then "h" is inserted after `b`. --- if `t` is 1, 2, 4, or 5, then the corresponding accent is put on `a`. -- (finally, for syllabics, the whole syllabic is `a`, and `b` is empty) local function yale_tone(a,b,t) local h = "" if t == "4" or t == "5" or t == "6" then h = "h" end if t == "1" then a = alt(macron[a], grave[a]) end if t == "4" then a = grave[a] end if t == "2" or t == "5" then a = acute[a] end return a..b..h end function export.jyutping_to_ipa(text) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end text = text:gsub(", "," "):gsub("%.%.%.", " "):gsub(" $",""):gsub(" / ","/, /") -- :gsub("([zcs])yu", "%1hyu") -- :gsub("([zcs])oe", "%1hoe") -- :gsub("([zcs])eo", "%1heo") :gsub("(%l+)(%d)(%-?)(%d?)", function(main,tone,symbol,tone2) -- try initial+final local initial, final = main:match("^([bpmfdtnlgknzcshwj]?[gw]?)([aeiouy]%l*)$") if not initial then -- otherwise try initial+syllabic local syllabic initial, syllabic = main:match("^(h?)([mn]g?)$") if not initial then error("Invalid Jyutping syllable: " .. main) end main = ipa_initial[initial] .. (ipa_syllabic[syllabic] or error("Unrecognised syllabic: " .. syllabic)) -- really? else -- e.g. convert <ei> (which would be */ɛːi̯/) to <eri> (/ei̯/) final = ipa_allophones[final] or final local nucleus, coda = final:match("^(y?[aeiou][aeor]?)([iuymnptk]?g?)$") if not nucleus then error("Invalid Jyutping final: " .. final) end if entering[coda] then tone = entering_tones[tone] or tone tone2 = entering_tones[tone2] or tone2 end main = (ipa_initial[initial] or error(("Unrecognised initial: \"%s\""):format(initial))) .. (ipa_nucleus[nucleus] or error(("Unrecognised nucleus: \"%s\""):format(nucleus))) .. (ipa_coda[coda] or error(("Unrecognised coda: \"%s\""):format(coda))) end return main .. ipa_tone[tone] .. ipa_tone_sandhi[symbol] .. ipa_tone[tone2] end) return text end function export.jyutping_to_yale(text) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end text = text:gsub("jy?","y") :gsub("[cz]",{z="j",c="ch"}) --:gsub("[1-6]%-","") :gsub("(%l+)(%d)(%-?)(%d?)", function(main,tone,symbol,tone2) if tone2 ~= "" then tone = tone2 end -- find the first vowel letter local initial,final = main:match("^([^aeiou]*)([aeiou].*)$") local a,b,c if initial then final = yale_final[final] or final if final == "?" then return "?" end a,b,c = final:match("^([aeiou])([aiu]*)([mnptk]?g?)$") else -- otherwise it is a syllabic initial,a = main:match("(h?)([mn]g?)") b,c = "","" end return initial..yale_tone(a,b,tone)..c end) if text:find("?") then return false end return text end function export.jyutping_to_cantonese_pinyin(text) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end if text:find("oe[mnpt][^g]") then -- unsupported finals return false end text = text:gsub("yu","y") :gsub("eo[int]",{eoi="oey",eon="oen",eot="oet"}) :gsub("[zc]",{z="dz",c="ts"}) :gsub("([ptk])([1-6])(%-?)([1-6]?)",function(a,b,c,d) return a .. (entering_tones[b] or b) .. c .. (entering_tones[d] or d) end) return text end function export.jyutping_to_guangdong(text) if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end -- unsupported finals if text:find("%f[a]a%d") or text:find("oe[mnpt][^g]") or text:find("[ou][mp]") or text:find("e[un][^g]") then return false end text = text:gsub("yu","ü") :gsub("j","y") :gsub("[zcs]%f[iü]",{z="j",c="q",s="x"}) -- ü=\xC3\xBC :gsub("([jqxy])ü","%1u") :gsub("eoi","êu") :gsub("[aeo][aeo]?",{aa="a",a="e",e="é",oe="ê",eo="ê"}) :gsub("([ae])u","%1o") :gsub("([gk])w","%1u") :gsub("[ptk]%f[%d]",{p="b",t="d",k="g"}) return text end -- substitute changed tones for finding homophones function export.jyutping_format(text) text = text:gsub("[1-6]%-([1-6])", "%1") return split(text," / ") end local function Consolas(text) return '<span class="zhpron-monospace">' .. text .. "</span>" end local function format_IPA(text) return '<span class="IPA">' .. text .. "</span>" end local function make_superscript(text) return (text:gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "<sup>%0</sup>")) end -- the only allowed punctuations are: --- ", ": represents a comma (or a break of any sort) --- "...": represents a slot where a text can go to (e.g. [[一……就……]]) --- ",": separates alternate readings local function validate(c_rom) if c_rom:find("[7-9]") then error("Invalid tone in Jyutping.") end if c_rom:find("[A-Z]") then error("Please do not capitalize the Jyutping.") end if c_rom:find("%-[a-z]") then error("Please do not hyphenate the Jyutping.") end if c_rom:find("[0-9][a-z]") then error("Error in Jyutping: please use spaces to separate syllables.") end if c_rom:find("[zcs]h") then error("'zh'/'ch'/'sh' are non-valid Jyutping, use 'z'/'c'/'s' instead.") end if c_rom:find("y[^u]") then error("Wrong usage of 'y' in Jyutping.") end if c_rom:find("oei") then error("Invalid rime oei in Jyutping. Did you mean eoi?") end if c_rom:find("eong") then error("Invalid rime eong in Jyutping. Did you mean oeng?") end if c_rom:find("eok") then error("Invalid rime eok in Jyutping. Did you mean oek?") end if c_rom:find("r") then error("Invalid letter \"r\" in Jyutping.") end if c_rom:find("%d%d") then error("Invalid Jyutping: please use a hyphen to indicate a changed tone.") end c_rom = c_rom:gsub("^%.%.%.",""):gsub("%.%.%.%f[%z,]",""):gsub("%.%.%."," "):gsub(", ?"," ") if c_rom:find("^ ") or c_rom:find(" ") or c_rom:find(" $") then error("Empty syllable detected.") end if c_rom:find("[^a-z1-6%- ]") then error("Invalid character found.") end -- ensure that each syllable matches `^%l+%d%-?%d?$` for syllable in c_rom:gmatch("%S+") do if not syllable:match("^%l+%d%-?%d?$") then error("Invalid Jyutping syllable: " .. syllable) end end end -- generate the shown text of Standard Cantonese -- if the pagename is one character long, then generate links to all the readings function export.show_standard(c_rom, is_single_hanzi) validate(c_rom) if c_rom:find(', ') then require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('yue-pron/has-comma') end c_rom = c_rom:gsub(",%f[^ ,]"," / ") if is_single_hanzi then for reading in c_rom:gmatch("[^ ,./]+") do require('Module:Wt/mnc/debug').track('yue-pron/'..reading) end c_rom = c_rom:gsub("(%l+)(%d%-?%d?)","[[%1%2|%1<sup>%2</sup>]]") else c_rom = make_superscript(c_rom) end return c_rom end -- generate the collapsed text of Standard Cantonese -- generate all the different romanisations, as well as homophones function export.hide_standard(c_rom, is_single_hanzi) local res = "" c_rom = c_rom:gsub(",%f[^ ,]"," / ") -- generate IPA first because the error-catching is located there local c_ipa = export.jyutping_to_ipa(c_rom) local c_yale = export.jyutping_to_yale(c_rom) local c_cp = export.jyutping_to_cantonese_pinyin(c_rom) local c_gd = export.jyutping_to_guangdong(c_rom) local c_hom = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/hom") local c_hom_exists = false for _,c_first in ipairs(export.jyutping_format(c_rom)) do if c_hom[c_first] then c_hom_exists = c_first break end end res = res .. "\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Standard Cantonese|Standard Cantonese]], [[w:Guangzhou Cantonese|Guangzhou]]–[[w:Hong Kong Cantonese|Hong Kong]]</i>)</small>" if not c_hom_exists and not is_single_hanzi then res = res .. '<sup><small><abbr title="Add Cantonese homophones"><span class="plainlinks">[' res = res .. tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/hom",{["action"]="edit"})) res = res .. " +]</span></abbr></small></sup>" end res = res .. "\n*** <small><i>[[w:Jyutping|Jyutping]]</i></small>: " res = res .. Consolas(make_superscript(c_rom)) if c_yale then res = res .. "\n*** <small><i>[[w:Yale romanization of Cantonese|Yale]]</i></small>: " res = res .. Consolas(c_yale) end if c_cp then res = res .. "\n*** <small><i>[[w:Cantonese Pinyin|Cantonese Pinyin]]</i></small>: " res = res .. Consolas(make_superscript(c_cp)) end if c_gd then res = res .. "\n*** <small><i>[[w:Guangdong Romanization|Guangdong Romanization]]</i></small>: " res = res .. Consolas(make_superscript(c_gd)) end res = res .. "\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] <sup>([[w:Cantonese phonology|key]])</sup></small>: " res = res .. format_IPA("/" .. c_ipa .. "/") if c_hom_exists then res = res .. '\n*** <small>Homophones</small>: <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:15em;margin:0;' res = res .. 'position:left; text-align:center"><tr><th></th></tr><tr><td><div style="float: right; clear: right;"><sup>' res = res .. '<span class="plainlinks">[' res = res .. tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl("Module:Wt/mnc/yue-pron/hom",{["action"]="edit"})) res = res .. ' edit]</span></sup></div><div style="visibility:hidden; float:left"><sup><span style="color:var(--wikt-palette-white,#FFF)">edit</span></sup></div>' local hom_text = {} local yue = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages").getByCode("yue") for _,hom in ipairs(c_hom[c_hom_exists]) do table.insert(hom_text, require("Module:Wt/mnc/links").full_link( { term = hom, lang = yue, tr = "-" } )) end res = res .. table.concat(hom_text, "<br>") res = res .. "</td></tr></table>" res = res .. "[[Category:Cantonese terms with homophones]]" end return res end function export.jyutping_headword(frame) local args = require("Module:Wt/mnc/parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, { ["head"] = {}, }) return require("Module:Wt/mnc/headword").full_headword{ lang = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages").getByCode("yue"), sc = require("Module:Wt/mnc/scripts").getByCode("Latn"), heads = {make_superscript(args.head or mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename)}, pos_category = "jyutping" } end return export l2jpzfynek387baoqv0g0yo2036lbzk 828 3786230 7240518 2026-07-05T21:52:31Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} export = { ["aa1 pin3"] = { "雅片", "鴉片" }, ["aa3 laai1 baa1 maa5"] = { "亞拉巴馬", "阿拉巴馬" }, ["aa3 maa5"] = { "阿媽", "阿瑪", "阿馬" }, ["aa3 tai3"] = { "啊嚏", "阿嚏" }, ["aai1 jo1"] = { "哎唷", "哎喲" }, ["aat3 wan6"] = { "押運", "押韻" }, ["aat3 zai3"] = { "壓制", "壓製", "遏制" }, ["am3 hap6"] = { "暗合", "暗盒" }, ["am3 si6"] = { "暗事", "暗示" }, ["am3 soeng1"] = { "暗傷",..." 7240518 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} export = { ["aa1 pin3"] = { "雅片", "鴉片" }, ["aa3 laai1 baa1 maa5"] = { "亞拉巴馬", "阿拉巴馬" }, ["aa3 maa5"] = { "阿媽", "阿瑪", "阿馬" }, ["aa3 tai3"] = { "啊嚏", "阿嚏" }, ["aai1 jo1"] = { "哎唷", "哎喲" }, ["aat3 wan6"] = { "押運", "押韻" }, ["aat3 zai3"] = { "壓制", "壓製", "遏制" }, ["am3 hap6"] = { "暗合", "暗盒" }, ["am3 si6"] = { "暗事", "暗示" }, ["am3 soeng1"] = { "暗傷", "暗箱" }, ["baa1 baa1"] = { "巴巴", "爸爸", "粑粑" }, ["baa1 baa1 laai1"] = { "巴巴拉", "芭芭拉" }, ["baa1 zaat3"] = { "巴扎", "巴紮" }, ["baa2 sau2"] = { "把守", "把手" }, ["baai6 zoeng3"] = { "敗仗", "敗將" }, ["baak6 baan1"] = { "白斑", "白班" }, ["baak6 gam1"] = { "白金", "帛金" }, ["baak6 joeng4"] = { "白楊", "白羊" }, ["baak6 juk6"] = { "白玉", "白肉" }, ["baak6 lou6"] = { "白露", "白鷺" }, ["baak6 min6"] = { "白面", "白麵" }, ["baak6 sik6"] = { "白蝕", "白食" }, ["baak6 syut3"] = { "白說", "白雪" }, ["baak6 waa2"] = { "白話", "帛畫" }, ["baak6 zi2"] = { "白子", "白紙", "白芷" }, ["baan1 ci3"] = { "班次", "頒賜" }, ["baan1 han4"] = { "斑痕", "瘢痕" }, ["baan1 laan4"] = { "斑斕", "斒斕" }, ["baan1 zoeng2"] = { "班長", "頒獎" }, ["baan2 bun2"] = { "坂本", "板本", "版本" }, ["baan2 min6"] = { "板麵", "版面" }, ["baan2 zi2"] = { "板子", "板紙" }, ["baau1 ji1"] = { "包衣", "胞衣" }, ["baau1 zi2"] = { "包子", "孢子" }, ["baau3 guk1"] = { "爆穀", "爆菊" }, ["baau3 lit6"] = { "爆烈", "爆裂" }, ["bai3 sak1"] = { "蔽塞", "閉塞" }, ["ban1 zau1"] = { "濱州", "賓舟", "賓州" }, ["ban2 fu3"] = { "秉賦", "稟賦" }, ["ban2 sing3"] = { "品性", "稟性" }, ["bat1 coeng4"] = { "不祥", "不詳" }, ["bat1 daan1"] = { "不丹", "不單", "佈道" }, ["bat1 daan1 zi2"] = { "不單只", "不單止" }, ["bat1 fong4"] = { "不妨", "不防" }, ["bat1 gon1"] = { "不乾", "不干" }, ["bat1 gung1"] = { "不公", "不恭", "筆供" }, ["bat1 jau5"] = { "不有", "筆友" }, ["bat1 ji4"] = { "不宜", "不移" }, ["bat1 leot6"] = { "篳篥", "觱栗", "觱篥" }, ["bat1 seon3"] = { "不信", "不遜" }, ["bat1 sik1"] = { "不惜", "不識", "不適" }, ["bat1 syun3"] = { "不算", "筆算" }, ["bat1 tung4"] = { "不同", "筆筒" }, ["bat1 zeon2"] = { "不准", "不準" }, ["bat1 zi1"] = { "不支", "不知" }, ["bat1 zi2"] = { "不只", "不止" }, ["bat1 zik6"] = { "不值", "筆直" }, ["bat1 zuk1"] = { "不足", "筆觸" }, ["bei1 ming4"] = { "悲鳴", "碑銘" }, ["bei2 leon4"] = { "比鄰", "毗鄰" }, ["bei2 sau2 waak6 goek3"] = { "比手劃腳", "比手畫腳" }, ["bei6 fo3"] = { "備課", "備貨" }, ["bei6 hon4"] = { "避寒", "鼻鼾" }, ["bei6 jim4"] = { "避嫌", "鼻炎" }, ["bei6 jin1"] = { "鼻咽", "鼻煙" }, ["beng6 cing4"] = { "病情", "病程" }, ["beng6 jyun4"] = { "病原", "病員", "病源" }, ["beng6 zing1"] = { "病徵", "病癥" }, ["bik1 gan6"] = { "迫近", "逼近" }, ["bin1 fuk1"] = { "蝙蝠", "邊幅" }, ["bin1 jyun4"] = { "邊沿", "邊緣" }, ["bin1 taat3"] = { "鞭撻", "鞭韃" }, ["bin1 zi2"] = { "辮子", "鞭子" }, ["bin3 gaak3"] = { "變格", "變革" }, ["bin6 sik1"] = { "辨析", "辨識" }, ["bin6 zing3"] = { "辨證", "辯證", "辨正" }, ["bing1 soeng1"] = { "冰箱", "冰霜" }, ["bing2 hei3"] = { "屏棄", "屏氣", "摒棄" }, ["bik1 zan1"] = { "逼真", "迫真" }, ["bit1 leot6"] = { "觱栗", "觱篥" }, ["bit1 seoi1"] = { "必需", "必須" }, ["biu1 gou1"] = { "標高", "飆高" }, ["biu1 hon6"] = { "標汗", "彪悍" }, ["biu1 zi3"] = { "標緻", "標誌" }, ["bo1 dou6"] = { "坡度", "坡道", "波導" }, ["bo1 laan4"] = { "波瀾", "波蘭" }, ["bo1 zi2"] = { "波子", "坡紙" }, ["bong1 zi2"] = { "幫子", "梆子" }, ["bou2 cyun4"] = { "保全", "保存" }, ["bou2 joeng5"] = { "保養", "補養" }, ["bou2 juk6"] = { "保育", "寶玉" }, ["bou2 mat6"] = { "保密", "寶物" }, ["bou2 mou5"] = { "保姆", "保母" }, ["bou2 on1"] = { "保安", "寶安" }, ["bou2 sau1"] = { "保修", "補修" }, ["bou2 zing3"] = { "保證", "補正" }, ["bou2 zo6"] = { "寶座", "補助" }, ["bou3 dou6"] = { "佈道", "報導", "報道" }, ["bou3 ging2"] = { "佈景", "報警" }, ["bou3 gou3"] = { "佈告", "報告" }, ["bou3 liu2"] = { "報料", "布料" }, --bou3 liu6-2 ["bou6 gwong1"] = { "暴光", "曝光" }, ["bou6 jyu5"] = { "哺乳", "暴雨" }, ["bou6 lei6"] = { "大智", "暴利", "暴吏" }, ["bou6 sau2"] = { "捕手", "部首" }, ["bui3 zi2"] = { "貝子", "輩子" }, ["bui6 mau6"] = { "悖謬", "背謬" }, ["buk6 lou6"] = { "暴露", "曝露" }, ["bun2 zi2"] = { "本子", "本旨" }, ["bun6 tou4"] = { "叛徒", "叛逃" }, ["but6 mau6"] = { "悖謬", "背謬" }, ["caa4 dim2"] = { "查點", "茶點" }, ["caang3 gon1 tiu3 gou1"] = { "撐桿跳高", "撐竿跳高" }, ["caat3 zi2"] = { "刷子", "擦子" }, ["caau1 se2"] = { "抄寫", "鈔寫" }, ["caau1 zaap6"] = { "剿襲", "抄襲" }, ["caau2 gwai3 diu1"] = { "炒粿條", "炒貴刁" }, ["cam4 si1"] = { "尋思", "沉思" }, ["can1 muk6"] = { "瞋目", "親睦" }, ["can3 sam1"] = { "稱心", "趁心" }, ["cau1 seoi2"] = { "抽水", "秋水" }, ["cau4 lou4"] = { "囚牢", "酬勞" }, ["ce1 zoeng2"] = { "車掌", "車長" }, ["ce4 dou6"] = { "斜度", "邪道" }, ["ce4 lou6"] = { "斜路", "邪路" }, ["cek3 dou6"] = { "尺度", "赤道" }, ["cek3 zi2"] = { "尺子", "赤子" }, ["ceoi2 tai3"] = { "取替", "取締" }, ["ceoi4 zau1"] = { "徐州", "隨州" }, ["ceoi4 zi2"] = { "廚子", "錘子" }, ["ceoi4 zik6"] = { "除夕", "除籍" }, ["ceon1 fan1"] = { "春分", "春昏" }, ["ceon2 coi4"] = { "蠢才", "蠢材" }, ["ceot1 gaa3"] = { "出價", "出嫁" }, ["ceot1 si6"] = { "出事", "出示" }, ["ceot1 sik1"] = { "出息", "出色" }, ["ci1 hon3"] = { "痴漢", "痴看" }, ["ci2 faat3"] = { "始發", "齒髮" }, ["ci2 zi3"] = { "此致", "矢志" }, ["ci3 zi2"] = { "廁紙", "次子" }, ["ci4 coeng4"] = { "慈祥", "磁場" }, ["ci4 daai2"] = { "磁帶", "臍帶" },--ci4 daai3-2 ["ci4 jyun4"] = { "詞源", "辭源" }, ["ci4 zou2"] = { "詞組", "辭藻", "遲早" }, ["ci4 zung6"] = { "持重", "詞訟" }, ["cin1 cau1"] = { "千秋", "韆鞦" }, ["cin2 sik1"] = { "淺析", "淺色", "闡釋" }, ["cin4 jiu2"] = { "纏擾", "纏繞" }, ["cin4 tou4"] = { "前途", "錢途" }, ["cing1 caa4"] = { "清查", "清茶" }, ["cing1 ceoi3"] = { "清脆", "青翠" }, ["cing1 faa3"] = { "氰化", "清化" }, ["cing1 san4"] = { "清晨", "稱臣" }, ["cing1 zing6"] = { "清淨", "清靜" }, ["cing4 bou3"] = { "呈報", "情報" }, ["cing4 ging2"] = { "情境", "情景" }, ["cing4 sik1"] = { "情色", "程式" }, ["cit3 ceoi4"] = { "切除", "撤除" }, ["cit3 si1"] = { "切絲", "設施" }, ["cit3 wun6"] = { "切換", "撤換" }, ["co1 baan2"] = { "初版", "搓板" }, ["co1 jing4"] = { "雛型", "雛形" }, ["co4 jing4"] = { "雛型", "雛形" }, ["coek3 gin3"] = { "卓見", "灼見" }, ["coeng1 hau2"] = { "槍口", "窗口" }, ["coeng1 kyut3"] = { "槍決", "猖獗" }, ["coeng2 geng3"] = { "搶鏡", "腸鏡" }, ["coeng2 sau1"] = { "搶修", "搶收" }, ["coeng4 gun2"] = { "場館", "腸管" }, ["coeng4 mat6"] = { "詳密", "長襪" }, ["coeng4 zi2"] = { "牆紙", "腸子" }, ["coi2 fung1"] = { "採風", "采風" }, ["coi2 sou3"] = { "彩塑", "彩數" }, ["coi3 dak6"] = { "塞特", "賽特" }, ["coi3 dak6 hyun2"] = { "塞特犬", "賽特犬" }, ["coi3 pou2"] = { "菜脯", "菜譜" }, ["coi4 fu3"] = { "才賦", "財富" }, ["coi4 jyun4"] = { "裁員", "財源" }, ["coi4 lik6"] = { "才力", "財力" }, ["coi4 loeng4"] = { "裁量", "財糧" }, ["cong1 wong4"] = { "倉皇", "蒼黃" }, ["cong3 gin3"] = { "創建", "創見" }, ["cong4 zi2"] = { "場子", "床笫" }, ["cou1 sam1"] = { "操心", "粗心" }, ["cou2 cung4"] = { "草叢", "草蟲" }, ["cuk1 joeng5"] = { "畜養", "蓄養" }, ["cuk1 saang1"] = { "畜牲", "畜生" }, ["cuk1 sing4"] = { "促成", "速成" }, ["cuk1 zik1"] = { "促織", "蓄積" }, ["cuk1 zik1"] = { "促織", "蓄積" }, ["cung1 ci3"] = { "衝刺", "沖廁" }, ["cung1 jung4"] = { "從容", "蓯蓉" }, ["cung4 joeng4"] = { "重洋", "重陽" }, ["cung4 loi4"] = { "從來", "重來" }, ["cung4 ming4"] = { "松明", "重明" }, ["cung4 san1"] = { "重新", "重申" }, ["cung4 zi2"] = { "松子", "蟲子" }, ["cyu5 bei6"] = { "儲備", "貯備" }, ["cyu5 cong4"] = { "儲藏", "貯藏" }, ["cyu5 cong4 sat1"] = { "儲藏室", "貯藏室" }, ["cyu5 cyun4"] = { "儲存", "貯存" }, ["cyu5 lei5"] = { "署理", "處理" }, ["cyun2 dok6"] = { "忖度", "揣度" }, ["cyun4 coeng4"] = { "全場", "全長" }, ["cyun4 daan1"] = { "傳單", "存單" }, ["cyun4 ging2"] = { "全境", "全景" }, ["cyun4 jin4"] = { "傳言", "全然" }, ["cyun4 kau4"] = { "傳球", "全球" }, ["cyun4 man4"] = { "傳聞", "全文", "全民" }, ["cyun4 sam1"] = { "全心", "存心" }, ["cyun4 san1"] = { "全新", "全身" }, ["cyun4 syu1"] = { "傳輸", "全書" }, ["cyun4 zau1"] = { "全州", "泉州" }, ["cyun4 zung6"] = { "傳誦", "傳頌" }, ["daa2 cau1 fung1"] = { "打抽豐", "打秋風" }, ["daa2 dou2"] = { "打倒", "打賭" }, ["daa2 gung1"] = { "打工", "打恭", "打躬" }, ["daai6 dou1"] = { "大刀", "大都" }, ["daai6 dou6"] = { "大度", "大道" }, ["daai6 fo2"] = { "大夥", "大火" }, ["daai6 gong1"] = { "大江", "大綱" }, ["daai6 gu1"] = { "大姑", "大家" }, ["daai6 gun1"] = { "大官", "大觀" }, ["daai6 gung1"] = { "大公", "大功", "大工" }, ["daai6 hei3"] = { "大氣", "大器", "大戲" }, ["daai6 jan4"] = { "大人", "大仁" }, ["daai6 ji4 zi2"] = { "大兒子", "大姨子" }, ["daai6 ji6"] = { "大二", "大義" }, ["daai6 jyu5"] = { "大禹", "大語", "大雨" }, ["daai6 paai4 dong3"] = { "大排檔", "大牌檔" }, ["daai6 si3"] = { "大使", "大肆" }, ["daai6 sing3"] = { "大勝", "大聖" }, ["daai6 wong4"] = { "大王", "大黃" }, ["daai6 zi3"] = { "大志", "大智", "大致" }, ["daam1 tin1 mong6 dei6"] = { "眈天望地", "耽天望地" }, ["daam6 bok6"] = { "淡泊", "淡薄" }, ["daan1 duk6"] = { "丹毒", "單獨" }, ["daan1 geoi3"] = { "單句", "單據" }, ["daan1 sam1"] = { "丹參", "丹心" }, ["daan2 hok3"] = { "彈殼", "蛋殼" },-- daan6-2 hok3 ["dai6 gaau1"] = { "締交", "遞交" }, ["dak1 si2"] = { "得士", "德士" },-- dak1 si6-2 ["dak1 sing3"] = { "得勝", "德性" }, ["dang1 gei1"] = { "登基", "登機" }, ["dang1 luk6"] = { "登錄", "登陸" }, ["dang3 zi2"] = { "凳子", "鐙子" }, ["dau3 zi3"] = { "鬥志", "鬥智" }, ["dau6 bok1"] = { "豆卜", "豆撲", "豆泡" }, ["dau6 miu4"] = { "痘苗", "豆苗" }, ["dau6 pok1"] = { "豆撲", "豆泡" }, ["dei6 bou6"] = { "地埗", "地步" }, ["dei6 dung6"] = { "地動", "地洞" }, ["deng6 fo3"] = { "定貨", "訂貨" }, ["deoi3 fu6"] = { "兌付", "對付" }, ["deoi3 jik6"] = { "對奕", "對譯" }, ["deoi3 wun6"] = { "兌換", "對換" }, ["deoi3 zing3"] = { "對症", "對證" }, ["deoi3 zoeng6"] = { "對仗", "對象" }, ["din6 ci4"] = { "電池", "電磁" }, ["din6 gei1"] = { "奠基", "電機" }, ["din6 gon1"] = { "電杆", "電桿" }, ["din6 haa6"] = { "奠下", "殿下" }, ["din6 hei3"] = { "電器", "電氣" }, ["din6 jau4"] = { "電油", "電郵", "靛油"}, ["din6 seon3"] = { "電信", "電訊" }, ["din6 sin3"] = { "電扇", "電線" }, ["din6 sin3 gon1"] = { "電線杆", "電線桿" }, ["ding1 dong1"] = { "丁當", "叮噹" }, ["ding2 fung1"] = { "頂峰", "頂風" }, ["dip6 hyut3"] = { "啑血", "喋血" }, ["doi6 gaa3"] = { "代價", "代駕" }, ["dong2 jyu5"] = { "擋雨", "黨羽" }, ["dou2 zeoi6"] = { "倒敘", "島嶼" }, ["dou6 ci4"] = { "悼詞", "悼辭" }, ["dou6 gwo3"] = { "度過", "渡過" }, ["dou6 maa5"] = { "杜馬", "盜馬" }, ["dou6 si1"] = { "導師", "杜詩" }, ["duk6 mat6"] = { "毒物", "讀物" }, ["duk6 sou3"] = { "毒素", "讀數" }, ["dung1 gaa1"] = { "東加", "東家" }, ["dung1 ging1"] = { "東京", "東經" }, ["dung1 gwaa1"] = { "冬瓜", "東瓜" }, ["dyun2 seon3"] = { "短信", "短訊" }, ["dyun6 jin4"] = { "斷然", "斷言" }, ["dyun6 zi2"] = { "段子", "緞子" }, ["faa1 gyun2"] = { "花卷", "花捲" }, ["faa1 sik1"] = { "花式", "花色" }, ["faa1 ziu1"] = { "花招", "花椒" }, ["faa3 zong1"] = { "化妝", "化裝" }, ["faa3 zong1 sat1"] = { "化妝室", "化裝室" }, ["faan1 gung1"] = { "翻供", "返工" }, ["faan1 jyut6"] = { "翻越", "翻閱" }, ["faan1 san1"] = { "翻新", "翻身" }, ["faan2 gwok3"] = { "反國", "返國" }, ["faan4 jan4"] = { "凡人", "煩人" }, ["faan4 si6"] = { "凡事", "凡是", "繁峙" }, ["faan4 so2"] = { "煩瑣", "繁瑣" }, ["faan6 lai6"] = { "凡例", "範例" }, ["faan6 man4"] = { "梵文", "範文" }, ["faat3 coeng4"] = { "法場", "發祥" }, ["faat3 fan5"] = { "發奮", "發憤" }, ["faat3 gaa1"] = { "法家", "發家" }, ["faat3 jan4"] = { "法人", "發人" }, ["faat3 jan4 sam1 sing2"] = { "發人深省", "發人深醒" }, ["faat3 ji1"] = { "法衣", "法醫" }, ["faat3 ling6"] = { "法令", "發愣" }, ["faat3 long4"] = { "法郎", "琺瑯", "髮廊" }, ["faat3 ming4"] = { "法名", "發明" }, ["faat3 zi2"] = { "法子", "髮指" }, ["fai1 gwan1"] = { "揮軍", "麾軍" }, ["fai3 hei3"] = { "廢棄", "廢氣" }, ["fai3 zi2"] = { "廢止", "廢紙" }, ["fan1 bin6"] = { "分辨", "分辯" }, ["fan1 caa3"] = { "分岔", "分杈" }, ["fan1 juk6"] = { "燻肉", "獯鬻" }, ["fan1 kei4"] = { "分期", "分歧", "婚期" }, ["fan1 pui3"] = { "分配", "婚配" }, ["fan1 wai4"] = { "分為", "氛圍" }, ["fan1 zi1"] = { "分之", "分支", "分枝" }, ["fan2 min6"] = { "粉面", "粉麵" }, ["fan2 sik1"] = { "粉色", "粉飾" }, ["fan5 nou6"] = { "奮怒", "憤怒" }, ["fan6 zi2"] = { "份子", "分子" }, ["fat6 mun4"] = { "佛門", "閥門" }, ["fei1 faat3"] = { "非法", "飛髮" }, ["fei1 jyu2"] = { "飛魚", "鯡魚" },--fei1 jyu4-2 ["fei1 leot6 ban1"] = { "菲律賓", "菲律濱" }, ["fo2 bun6"] = { "伙伴", "火伴" }, ["fo2 gei3"] = { "夥計", "夥記" }, ["fo2 hei3"] = { "火器", "火氣" }, ["fong1 caak3"] = { "方冊", "方策" }, ["fong1 jin4"] = { "方言", "謊言" }, ["fong1 jyun4"] = { "方圓", "荒原" }, ["fong1 tong4"] = { "方糖", "荒唐" }, ["fong2 fat1"] = { "彷彿", "恍惚" }, ["fong2 zik1"] = { "紡織", "紡績" }, ["fong3 hei3"] = { "放棄", "放氣" }, ["fong4 zi2"] = { "房子", "防止" }, ["fu1 fu1"] = { "呼呼", "夫夫" }, ["fu2 hau2"] = { "苦口", "虎口" }, ["fu2 joeng5"] = { "俯仰", "撫養" }, ["fu2 lin6"] = { "苦楝", "苦練" }, ["fu3 jip6"] = { "副業", "庫頁" }, ["fu3 taai3"] = { "富態", "富泰" }, ["fu4 ci4"] = { "扶持", "鳧茈" }, ["fu6 joek3"] = { "負約", "赴約" }, ["fu6 neoi2"] = { "父女", "腐女" }, ["fu6 wui6"] = { "傅會", "附會" }, ["fu6 zi2"] = { "父子", "附子" }, ["fuk1 dei6"] = { "福地", "腹地" }, ["fuk1 gei1"] = { "覆機", "腹肌" }, ["fuk1 hat6"] = { "複核", "覆核" }, ["fuk1 lei6"] = { "福利", "複利" }, ["fuk1 sing3"] = { "複姓", "覆姓" }, ["fuk1 zaap6"] = { "複習", "複雜" }, ["fuk6 faat3"] = { "伏法", "復發" }, ["fuk6 jyun4"] = { "復原", "復員" }, ["fuk6 si6"] = { "服事", "服侍" }, ["fun1 coeng3"] = { "寬暢", "歡暢" }, ["fun1 sam1"] = { "寬心", "歡心" }, ["fung1 diu6"] = { "瘋掉", "風調" }, ["fung1 dou6"] = { "豐度", "風度" }, ["fung1 fo2"] = { "烽火", "風火" }, ["fung1 hau2"] = { "封口", "風口" }, ["fung1 hau6"] = { "封后", "蜂后" }, ["fung1 jyu5"] = { "豐乳", "風雨" }, ["fung1 jyut6"] = { "風月", "風穴" }, ["fung1 mat6"] = { "蜂蜜", "風物" }, ["fung1 mei5"] = { "豐美", "風靡" }, ["fung1 san4"] = { "封臣", "風神" }, ["fung1 soeng1"] = { "蜂箱", "風箱", "風霜" }, ["fung1 tiu4"] = { "封條", "風調" }, ["fung1 tong4"] = { "楓糖", "蜂糖" }, ["fung1 wan6"] = { "丰韻", "風韻" }, ["fung1 zi1"] = { "豐姿", "風姿" }, ["gaa1 cuk1"] = { "加速", "家畜" }, ["gaa1 dai2"] = { "加底", "家底" }, ["gaa1 faat3"] = { "加法", "家法" }, ["gaa1 gung1"] = { "加工", "家公" }, ["gaa1 min5"] = { "加冕", "嘉勉" }, ["gaa1 naap6"] = { "加納", "迦納" }, ["gaa1 saa1"] = { "加沙", "袈裟" }, ["gaa1 zoeng2"] = { "嘉獎", "家長" }, ["gaa3 lei1"] = { "咖喱", "咖哩" }, ["gaa3 lei1 fan2"] = { "咖喱粉", "咖哩粉" }, ["gaai1 ging2"] = { "佳境", "街景" }, ["gaai2 duk6"] = { "解毒", "解讀" }, ["gaai2 gau3"] = { "解救", "解構" }, ["gaai2 sik1"] = { "解析", "解釋" }, ["gaai3 min2"] = { "介面", "界面" },--gaai3 min6-2 ["gaai3 zi2"] = { "介子", "戒指", "界址" }, ["gaak3 lei4"] = { "隔籬", "隔離" }, ["gaak3 mok2"] = { "膈膜", "隔膜" },--gaak3 mok6-2 ["gaam2 siu2"] = { "減小", "減少" }, ["gaan1 him2"] = { "奸險", "艱險" }, ["gaan2 faa3"] = { "簡化", "鹼化" }, ["gaap3 baan2"] = { "夾板", "甲板" }, ["gaap3 zi2"] = { "夾子", "甲子", "鴿子" }, ["gaau1 doi6"] = { "交代", "交待", "膠袋" }, ["gaau1 jau4"] = { "交遊", "郊遊" }, ["gaau1 zi2"] = { "膠子", "膠紙" }, ["gaau2 wan4"] = { "攪勻", "攪渾" }, ["gaau3 mou5"] = { "教母", "酵母" }, ["gaau3 zing3"] = { "教正", "校正" }, ["gam1 gwat1"] = { "柑橘", "金橘" }, ["gam1 on1 syun1"] = { "甘氨酸", "甘胺酸" }, ["gam1 sik1"] = { "今昔", "金色" }, ["gam1 syu4"] = { "甘薯", "金薯" }, ["gam3 zi2"] = { "禁指", "禁止" }, ["gan1 ceoi4"] = { "根除", "跟隨" }, ["gan2 gan2"] = { "僅僅", "緊緊" }, ["gan6 si6"] = { "近侍", "近視" }, ["gang1 san1"] = { "庚申", "更新" }, ["gap1 cuk1"] = { "急促", "急速" }, ["gau2 gau2"] = { "久久", "赳赳" }, ["gei1 coeng4"] = { "機場", "飢腸" }, ["gei1 gin3"] = { "基建", "肌腱" }, ["gei1 lei5"] = { "機理", "肌理" }, ["gei1 leot2"] = { "幾率", "機率" },--gei1 leot6-2 ["gei1 sou3"] = { "基數", "奇數" }, ["gei1 tai2"] = { "機體", "肌體" }, ["geoi2 dung6"] = { "舉動", "齲洞" }, ["geoi3 dim2"] = { "句點", "據點" }, ["geoi3 zi2"] = { "句子", "鋸子" }, ["geoi6 luk2"] = { "巨鹿", "鉅鹿" },--geoi6 luk6-2 ["geoi6 mou4 baa3"] = { "巨毋霸", "巨無霸" }, ["gik1 faat3"] = { "擊發", "激發" }, ["gik1 fan5"] = { "激奮", "激憤" }, ["gin3 dak1"] = { "建德", "見得" }, ["ging1 fong1"] = { "經方", "驚慌" }, ["ging1 gwai3"] = { "矜貴", "驚悸" }, ["ging1 kei4"] = { "經期", "驚奇" }, ["ging1 sam1"] = { "經心", "驚心" }, ["ging1 sau6"] = { "經受", "經售" }, ["ging2 fong3"] = { "境況", "景況" }, ["ging2 gaai3"] = { "境界", "警戒" }, ["ging2 gun1"] = { "景觀", "警官" }, ["ging2 keoi1"] = { "景區", "警區" }, ["ging2 si6"] = { "警示", "竟是" }, ["ging3 ci4"] = { "敬詞", "敬辭" }, ["git3 sing4"] = { "結成", "結繩" }, ["giu1 hei3"] = { "嬌氣", "驕氣" }, ["go1 sing1"] = { "歌星", "歌聲" }, ["goeng1 wong4"] = { "姜黃", "薑黃" }, ["goeng1 wut6"] = { "羌活", "薑活" }, ["gok3 sik1"] = { "各色", "腳色", "角色" }, ["gon1 faan6"] = { "乾飯", "干犯" }, ["gong1 jiu3"] = { "剛要", "綱要" }, ["gong1 lit6"] = { "剛烈", "肛裂" }, ["gong1 mun4"] = { "江門", "肛門" }, ["gong1 saan1"] = { "岡山", "江山" }, ["gong2 gu2"] = { "港股", "講古" }, ["gong2 toi4"] = { "港臺", "講臺" }, ["gong2 ze2"] = { "港姐", "講者" }, ["gou1 gaa3"] = { "高價", "高架" }, ["gou1 joeng4"] = { "羔羊", "高陽" }, ["gou1 jyun2"] = { "睪丸", "高院" }, ["gou1 loeng4"] = { "膏粱", "高梁", "高樑", "高粱" }, ["gou1 tong4"] = { "高唐", "高堂" }, ["gou2 zi2"] = { "稿子", "稿紙" }, ["gu1 fu6"] = { "姑父", "辜負" }, ["gu2 gaa3"] = { "估價", "股價" }, ["gu2 mou5"] = { "鈷鉧", "鼓舞" }, ["gu2 waak6"] = { "蠱惑", "鼓惑" }, ["gu3 gei6"] = { "故伎", "顧忌" }, ["gu3 gung1"] = { "僱工", "故宮" }, ["gu3 jau5"] = { "固有", "故友" }, ["gu3 jyun4"] = { "僱員", "固原" }, ["gun2 zi2"] = { "管子", "館子" }, ["gun3 zyu3"] = { "灌注", "貫注" }, ["gung1 bou3"] = { "公佈", "公報", "公布" }, ["gung1 dak1"] = { "公德", "功德" }, ["gung1 din6"] = { "供電", "宮殿" }, ["gung1 dou6"] = { "公道", "弓道" }, ["gung1 fan1"] = { "公分", "功勛", "工分" }, ["gung1 fong4"] = { "公房", "攻防" }, ["gung1 fu1"] = { "功夫", "工夫" }, ["gung1 gaau1"] = { "公交", "工交" }, ["gung1 gwaan1"] = { "公關", "攻關" }, ["gung1 haau6"] = { "功效", "工效" }, ["gung1 hak1"] = { "公克", "攻克" }, ["gung1 jau5"] = { "公有", "工友" }, ["gung1 jing4"] = { "公營", "宮刑" }, ["gung1 jing6"] = { "供認", "公認" }, ["gung1 jung6"] = { "供用", "公用", "功用" }, ["gung1 jyu4"] = { "公餘", "工餘" }, ["gung1 kei4"] = { "宮崎", "工期" }, ["gung1 lei5"] = { "公理", "公里" }, ["gung1 lik6"] = { "公曆", "功力", "工力" }, ["gung1 man4"] = { "公文", "公民" }, ["gung1 mou6"] = { "公務", "公墓" }, ["gung1 si1"] = { "公司", "公私" }, ["gung1 si6"] = { "公事", "公示", "工事" }, ["gung1 sing4"] = { "攻城", "恭城", "功成", "宮城"}, ["gung1 soeng1"] = { "工傷", "工商" }, ["gung1 wai4"] = { "宮闈", "恭維" }, ["gung1 wui2"] = { "公會", "工會" },--gung1 wui6-2 ["gung1 zik1"] = { "公積", "公職", "功績" }, ["gung1 zing3"] = { "公正", "公證" }, ["gung3 ban2"] = { "供品", "貢品" }, ["gwaan1 ngoi6"] = { "關外", "關礙" }, ["gwai1 suk1"] = { "歸宿", "龜縮" }, ["gwai2 gai3"] = { "詭計", "鬼計" }, ["gwan1 ji1"] = { "軍衣", "軍醫" }, ["gwan1 lit6"] = { "皸裂", "龜裂" }, ["gwan1 san4"] = { "君臣", "軍神" }, ["gwan1 si6"] = { "軍事", "軍士" }, ["gwat1 gaak3"] = { "骨格", "骨骼" }, ["gwat1 pun4"] = { "骨盆", "骨盤" }, ["gwat1 zi2"] = { "橘子", "骨子" }, ["gwo3 dou6"] = { "過度", "過渡", "過道" }, ["gwo3 lai4"] = { "過來", "過嚟" }, ["gwo3 sai3"] = { "無色", "過世", "過細" }, ["gwok3 dou6"] = { "國度", "國道" }, ["gwok3 gwan1"] = { "國君", "國軍" }, ["gwok3 seoi3"] = { "國稅", "國粹" }, ["gwong1 cuk1"] = { "光束", "光速" }, ["haa1 lo2"] = { "哈囉", "哈羅" },--haa1 lo4-2 ["haa4 gwong1"] = { "狹小", "霞光" }, ["haa6 gaa3"] = { "下嫁", "下架" }, ["haa6 ling6"] = { "下令", "夏令" }, ["haa6 mun4"] = { "下門", "廈門" }, ["haai4 saap6 saap6"] = { "嚡澀澀", "嚡熠熠" }, ["haai4 zi2"] = { "孩子", "鞋子" }, ["haak3 jan4"] = { "嚇人", "客人" }, ["haam4 sau6"] = { "函售", "函授" }, ["haau1 daa2"] = { "拷打", "敲打" }, ["hai6 ci4"] = { "係詞", "系詞" }, ["hak1 fuk6"] = { "克復", "克服" }, ["hang4 jing4"] = { "行刑", "行營" }, ["hang4 saan1"] = { "恆山", "衡山" }, ["hang4 sing1"] = { "恆星", "行星" }, ["hap6 zi2"] = { "合子", "盒子" }, ["hat6 zi2"] = { "核子", "瞎子" }, ["hau4 zi2"] = { "猴子", "瘊子" }, ["hau5 dou6"] = { "厚度", "厚道" }, ["hau5 pok3"] = { "厚朴", "厚樸" }, ["hau6 bou6"] = { "後步", "後部" }, ["hau6 zo6"] = { "后座", "後座" }, ["hei1 jau5"] = { "希有", "稀有" }, ["hei1 kei4"] = { "希奇", "稀奇" }, ["hei1 ling4"] = { "欺凌", "欺陵" }, ["hei2 gaa3"] = { "起價", "起駕" }, ["hei2 gam2"] = { "喜感", "豈敢" }, ["hei2 si6"] = { "喜事", "豈是", "起事" }, ["hei2 sik1"] = { "喜色", "起色" }, ["hei2 zi2"] = { "豈止", "起止" }, ["hei3 loeng6"] = { "器量", "氣量" }, ["hei3 sai3"] = { "棄世", "氣勢" }, ["hei3 sik1"] = { "器識", "憩息", "氣息", "氣色" }, ["hei3 syun4"] = { "氣旋", "汽船" }, ["heoi3 sai3"] = { "去世", "去勢" }, ["him3 san1"] = { "欠伸", "欠身" }, ["hin2 sing3"] = { "顯性", "顯聖" }, ["hing1 faa3"] = { "氫化", "興化" }, ["hip3 ji3"] = { "愜意", "歉意" }, ["ho4 jyun4"] = { "河沿", "河源" }, ["ho4 maa5"] = { "河馬", "荷馬" }, ["hoi1 gung1"] = { "開工", "開弓" }, ["hoi1 lo4"] = { "開羅", "開鑼" }, ["hoi2 ging2"] = { "海景", "海警" }, ["hoi2 gwai1"] = { "海歸", "海龜" }, ["hoi2 joeng4"] = { "海洋", "海陽" }, ["hoi2 jyun4"] = { "海原", "海員" }, ["hok6 haau6"] = { "學效", "學校" }, ["hok6 lik6"] = { "學力", "學歷" }, ["hon4 cam2"] = { "寒傖", "寒磣" }, ["hon4 lau4"] = { "寒流", "韓流" }, ["hon4 syun1"] = { "寒暄", "寒酸" }, ["hong1 fuk6"] = { "匡復", "康復" }, ["hong4 cing4"] = { "航程", "行情" }, ["hong4 fuk6"] = { "降伏", "降服" }, ["hou2 hon3"] = { "好漢", "好看" }, ["hou4 mou4"] = { "毫無", "毫毛" }, ["hung1 bou6"] = { "凶暴", "胸部" }, ["hung1 hei3"] = { "凶器", "空氣", "胸器" }, ["hung1 hong1"] = { "空腔", "胸腔" }, ["hung1 sau2"] = { "兇手", "空手" }, ["hung1 tau4"] = { "空投", "空頭" }, ["hung4 juk6"] = { "紅玉", "紅肉" }, ["hung4 kei4"] = { "紅旗", "雄奇" }, ["hung4 mou4"] = { "紅毛", "鴻毛" }, ["hung4 sam1"] = { "紅心", "雄心" }, ["hung4 tou4"] = { "紅桃", "雄圖" }, ["hung4 zou2"] = { "紅棗", "紅藻" }, ["jam1 duk6"] = { "陰毒", "音讀" }, ["jam1 ging3"] = { "欽敬", "陰莖" }, ["jam1 gung1"] = { "陰公", "陰功" }, ["jam1 lik6"] = { "陰力", "陰曆" }, ["jam1 seon3"] = { "音信", "音訊" }, ["jam4 fu5"] = { "妊婦", "淫婦" }, ["jam4 jyu5"] = { "淫語", "淫雨" }, ["jam4 san1"] = { "壬申", "妊娠" }, ["jan1 jyun4"] = { "因緣", "姻緣" }, ["jan1 si1"] = { "恩師", "恩施" }, ["jan1 sou3"] = { "因數", "因素" }, ["jan1 wai6"] = { "因為", "恩惠" }, ["jan2 tung3"] = { "忍痛", "隱痛" }, ["jan4 jyun4"] = { "人員", "人緣" }, ["jan4 man4"] = { "人文", "人民" }, ["jan4 sai3"] = { "人世", "人勢" }, ["jan4 sam1"] = { "人參", "人心", "仁心" }, ["jan4 san4"] = { "人神", "人臣" }, ["jan4 si6"] = { "人事", "人士", "人氏" }, ["jan5 dou6"] = { "引導", "引渡" }, ["jap6 juk6"] = { "入浴", "入獄", "入肉" }, ["jap6 lai4"] = { "入來", "入嚟" }, ["jap6 lei4"] = { "入來", "入嚟" }, ["jap6 wai4"] = { "入圍", "入闈" }, ["jap6 zik6"] = { "入席", "入籍" }, ["jat1 bou6"] = { "一步", "一部" }, ["jat1 dou6"] = { "一度", "一道" }, ["jat1 jyun4"] = { "一元", "一員" }, ["jat1 san1"] = { "一新", "一身" }, ["jat6 ceot1"] = { "日出", "溢出" }, ["jat6 jyun4"] = { "日元", "日圓" }, ["jau1 ling4"] = { "丘陵", "幽靈" }, ["jau1 ngaa5"] = { "優雅", "幽雅" }, ["jau1 sam1"] = { "幽深", "憂心" }, ["jau1 wui6"] = { "休會", "幽會" }, ["jau4 gei3"] = { "遊記", "郵寄" }, ["jau4 hei3"] = { "油氣", "遊憩", "遊戲" }, ["jau4 jin4"] = { "柔然", "油然", "蚰蜒" }, ["jau4 jyun5"] = { "悠遠", "柔軟" }, ["jau4 leon4"] = { "油輪", "遊輪", "郵輪" }, ["jau4 mak6"] = { "油墨", "莜麥", "油麥" }, ["jau4 syun4"] = { "遊船", "郵船" }, ["jau4 zi1"] = { "油脂", "郵資" }, ["jau4 zi1"] = { "油脂", "郵資" }, ["jau4 zik1"] = { "油漬", "油跡" }, ["jau5 cing4"] = { "友情", "有情" }, ["jau5 jan4"] = { "友人", "有人", "誘人" }, ["jau5 jing4"] = { "有型", "有形" }, ["jau5 jyu4"] = { "有如", "有餘" }, ["jau5 paai4"] = { "有排", "有牌" }, ["jau5 si4"] = { "有時", "酉時" }, ["jau6 sau2"] = { "右手", "右首" }, ["jau6 sau2"] = { "右手", "右首" }, ["ji3 zi2"] = { "意旨", "懿旨" }, ["ji4 biu2"] = { "儀表", "姨表" }, ["ji4 gaa1"] = { "宜家", "而家" }, ["ji4 geoi1"] = { "宜居", "移居" }, ["ji4 hei3"] = { "儀器", "兒戲", "彝器" }, ["ji4 jan4"] = { "夷人", "宜人", "怡人" }, ["ji4 sik1"] = { "儀式", "兒媳" }, ["ji5 hau6"] = { "以後", "爾後" }, ["ji5 jyun4"] = { "洱源", "議員" }, ["ji5 taai3"] = { "以太", "擬態" }, ["ji5 wong5"] = { "以往", "已往" }, ["ji5 zi3"] = { "以至", "以致" }, ["ji5 zyu1"] = { "爾朱", "耳珠" }, ["ji6 hing1"] = { "二兄", "義兄" }, ["ji6 sam1"] = { "二心", "異心" }, ["jik1 joeng4"] = { "抑揚", "益陽" }, ["jim1 zim1"] = { "㤿憸", "腌臢" }, ["jim4 gan2"] = { "嚴緊", "嚴謹" }, ["jim4 wong4"] = { "炎黃", "閻王" }, ["jim4 zing3"] = { "嚴正", "炎症" }, ["jim6 si1"] = { "豔詩", "驗屍" }, ["jin1 zi1"] = { "焉知", "胭脂" }, ["jin2 bin3"] = { "演變", "衍變" }, ["jin2 faa3"] = { "演化", "衍化" }, ["jin4 ci4"] = { "延遲", "言詞" }, ["jin4 hau6"] = { "延後", "然後" }, ["jin4 wai6"] = { "賢惠", "賢慧" }, ["jin5 bin3"] = { "演變", "衍變" }, ["jin5 faa3"] = { "演化", "衍化" }, ["jin6 gam1"] = { "現今", "現金" }, ["jin6 zoi6"] = { "現在", "見在" }, ["jing1 bong6"] = { "英磅", "英鎊" }, ["jing1 daam3"] = { "英擔", "英石" }, ["jing1 dak1"] = { "應得", "英德" }, ["jing1 ming4"] = { "英名", "英明" }, ["jing1 mou5"] = { "英武", "鸚鵡" }, ["jing2 zoeng6"] = { "影像", "映像" }, ["jing4 fo2"] = { "營火", "螢火" }, ["jing4 fong4"] = { "刑房", "營房" }, ["jing4 gwong1"] = { "熒光", "螢光" }, ["jing4 lei6"] = { "營利", "盈利", "贏利" }, ["jing4 mok6"] = { "熒幕", "螢幕" }, ["jing4 san4"] = { "凝神", "迎神" }, ["jing4 si1"] = { "凝思", "營私" }, ["jing4 si6"] = { "凝視", "刑事" }, ["jing4 zoeng6"] = { "形像", "形象" }, ["jit6 zung1"] = { "熱中", "熱衷" }, ["jiu1 mo1"] = { "妖魔", "幺麼" }, ["joek3 mok2"] = { "約摸", "約莫" },--joek3 mok6-2 ["joeng4 hei3"] = { "揚棄", "洋氣" }, ["joeng4 jin4"] = { "揚言", "佯言" }, ["joeng4 kam4"] = { "揚琴", "洋琴" }, ["joeng4 ming4"] = { "揚名", "陽明" }, ["joeng4 tou2"] = { "楊桃", "洋桃", "羊桃", "陽桃" },--joeng4 tou4-2 ["joeng4 zong1"] = { "佯裝", "洋裝" }, ["joeng5 hei3"] = { "氧氣", "養氣" }, ["juk6 sat1"] = { "浴室", "獄室" }, ["jung1 jung1"] = { "嗡嗡", "雝雝" }, ["jung4 faa3"] = { "溶化", "熔化", "融化" }, ["jung4 gaai2"] = { "溶解", "融解" }, ["jung4 hap6"] = { "融合", "融洽" }, ["jung4 jan4"] = { "傭人", "庸人", "用人" }, ["jung4 jung4"] = { "熔融", "融融" }, ["jung4 sing4"] = { "榕城", "融城" }, ["jung4 wui6"] = { "融匯", "融會" }, ["jung4 zi1"] = { "容姿", "融資" }, ["jyu1 hyut3"] = { "淤血", "瘀血" }, ["jyu4 ci2"] = { "如此", "餘矢" }, ["jyu4 ci3"] = { "魚刺", "魚翅" }, ["jyu4 faai3"] = { "愉快", "魚塊" }, ["jyu4 gaa1"] = { "儒家", "漁家", "瑜伽" }, ["jyu4 haa6"] = { "如下", "餘暇" }, ["jyu4 jan4"] = { "愚人", "漁人" }, ["jyu4 jip6"] = { "漁業", "餘孽" }, ["jyu4 joeng4"] = { "揄揚", "漁陽" }, ["jyu4 jyut6"] = { "愉悅", "逾越" }, ["jyu4 kei4"] = { "如期", "逾期", "魚鰭" }, ["jyu4 lam4"] = { "儒林", "榆林" }, ["jyu4 lei6"] = { "漁利", "餘利" }, ["jyu4 man4"] = { "愚民", "漁民" }, ["jyu4 mong5"] = { "愚妄", "漁網", "魚網" }, ["jyu4 piu1"] = { "漁漂", "魚漂" }, ["jyu4 sou3"] = { "如數", "餘數" }, ["jyu5 kei4"] = { "與其", "雨期" }, ["jyu6 gin3"] = { "遇見", "預見" }, ["jyu6 jin4"] = { "寓言", "預言" }, ["jyu6 si6"] = { "遇事", "預示" }, ["jyu6 zaap6"] = { "遇襲", "預習" }, ["jyu6 zi1"] = { "預支", "預知" }, ["jyun2 jin4"] = { "婉言", "宛然" }, ["jyun4 bat1"] = { "完畢", "鉛筆" }, ["jyun4 cyun4"] = { "完全", "源泉" }, ["jyun4 fan1"] = { "元勛", "完婚" }, ["jyun4 fan6"] = { "緣份", "緣分" }, ["jyun4 gung1"] = { "完工", "員工" }, ["jyun4 hou6"] = { "元號", "圓號" }, ["jyun4 jan4"] = { "完人", "猿人" }, ["jyun4 jau4"] = { "原油", "緣由" }, ["jyun4 jing4"] = { "原型", "原形", "圓形" }, ["jyun4 jyun4"] = { "圓圓", "源源" }, ["jyun4 kuk1"] = { "元曲", "原曲" }, ["jyun4 luk1 luk1"] = { "圓碌碌", "圓轆轆" }, ["jyun4 mun5"] = { "圓滿", "完滿" }, ["jyun4 si6"] = { "原是", "完事" }, ["jyun4 syu1"] = { "原書", "爰書" }, ["jyun4 zi2"] = { "原址", "原子" }, ["jyun4 zi6"] = { "源自", "鉛字" }, ["jyun4 zik6"] = { "原籍", "鉛直" }, ["jyun5 ngok6"] = { "軟顎", "軟齶" }, ["jyun5 ngok6 jam1"] = { "軟顎音", "軟齶音" }, ["jyut6 dung1"] = { "粵東", "越冬" }, ["jyut6 gwai3"] = { "月季", "月桂" }, ["jyut6 kap1"] = { "月給", "越級" }, ["jyut6 kek6"] = { "粵劇", "越劇" }, ["jyut6 lik6"] = { "月曆", "閱歷" }, ["jyut6 sik1"] = { "月息", "月色" }, ["jyut6 zi1"] = { "月支", "月氏" }, ["kai2 si6"] = { "啟事", "啟示" }, ["kap1 ceoi2"] = { "吸取", "汲取" }, ["kap1 jyu5"] = { "給予", "給與" }, ["kap1 lik6"] = { "吸力", "給力" }, ["kau3 lau4"] = { "佝僂", "扣留" }, ["kau4 ji1"] = { "求醫", "球衣" }, ["kei4 ci3"] = { "其次", "旗幟" }, ["kei4 gaan1"] = { "其間", "期間" }, ["kei4 ji6"] = { "奇異", "歧異" }, ["kei4 kau4"] = { "期求", "祈求" }, ["kei4 mong6"] = { "期望", "祈望" }, ["kei4 sau2"] = { "旗手", "棋手" }, ["kei4 si6"] = { "棋士", "歧視" }, ["kei4 zi2"] = { "旗子", "棋子" }, ["keoi1 ceoi4"] = { "祛除", "驅除" }, ["keoi1 lau4"] = { "佝僂", "拘留" }, ["king4 king4"] = { "惸惸", "煢煢" }, ["koeng4 dou6"] = { "強度", "強盜" }, ["kong3 hon5"] = { "亢旱", "抗旱" }, ["kui2 tou4"] = { "潰逃", "繪圖" }, ["kyun4 seot6"] = { "拳術", "權術" }, ["kyut3 coi3"] = { "決賽", "蕨菜" }, ["kyut3 hau2"] = { "決口", "缺口" }, ["laang5 min6"] = { "冷面", "冷麵" }, ["laang5 zin3"] = { "冷戰", "冷箭" }, ["laap6 zuk1"] = { "立足", "蠟燭" }, ["lai6 hang4"] = { "例行", "厲行" }, ["lai6 hoi6"] = { "利害", "厲害" }, ["lam4 coeng4"] = { "林場", "臨場" }, ["lam4 hoi2"] = { "林海", "臨海" }, ["lau4 cing4"] = { "流程", "留情" }, ["lau4 haa6"] = { "樓下", "流下", "留下" }, ["lau4 jin4"] = { "流言", "留言" }, ["lau4 lei4"] = { "流離", "琉璃" }, ["lau4 lin4"] = { "榴槤", "流連" }, ["lau4 ming4"] = { "流明", "留名" }, ["lau4 mong4"] = { "流亡", "流氓" }, ["lau4 sam1"] = { "琉森", "留心" }, ["lau4 zi2"] = { "瘤子", "蔞子" }, ["lau5 jam1"] = { "柳蔭", "柳陰" }, ["lei4 zi2"] = { "梨子", "離子" }, ["lei5 joek3"] = { "履約", "里約" }, ["lei6 ngaa5 dak1"] = { "利雅得", "利雅德" }, ["leoi4 gung1"] = { "雷公", "驢公" }, ["leoi4 kam4"] = { "擂琴", "雷琴" }, ["leoi4 leoi4"] = { "累累", "纍纍" }, ["leoi4 se6"] = { "鐳射", "雷射" }, ["leoi4 sit3"] = { "縲絏", "纍紲" }, ["leoi5 bin6"] = { "呂便", "裡便" }, ["leoi6 zeoi6"] = { "累墜", "累贅" }, ["leon4 lei5"] = { "倫理", "鄰里" }, ["leon6 sik1"] = { "吝嗇", "吝惜" }, ["li1 li1 lo4 lo4"] = { "哩哩囉囉", "哩哩羅羅" }, ["lik6 gaai3"] = { "歷屆", "力戒" }, ["lik6 zin3"] = { "力戰", "力薦" }, ["lim4 zing3"] = { "廉政", "廉正" }, ["lin4 lin4"] = { "漣漣", "連連" }, ["lin4 pin1"] = { "連篇", "連翩" }, ["lin4 zi2"] = { "蓮子", "鏈子" }, ["lin4 zuk6"] = { "連濁", "連續" }, ["ling4 cam2"] = { "陵寢", "靈寢" }, ["ling4 lyun6"] = { "凌亂", "零亂" }, ["ling4 wan4"] = { "凌雲", "靈魂" }, ["lip6 gau2"] = { "獵狗", "鬣狗" }, ["liu4 jyun4"] = { "燎原", "遼源" }, ["liu4 liu4"] = { "寥寥", "聊聊", "遼遼" }, ["lo1 pet1"] = { "囉噼", "籮噼" }, ["lo4 maa5"] = { "羅馬", "騾馬" }, ["lo4 mou5"] = { "羅姆", "螺母" }, ["lo4 si1"] = { "羅斯", "螺絲", "螺螄" }, ["lo4 si1 fan2"] = { "螺絲粉", "螺螄粉" }, ["loek6 gwo3"] = { "掠過", "略過" }, ["loeng6 zi2"] = { "亮子", "量子" }, ["loi4 sai3"] = { "來世", "來勢" }, ["lok6 bok6"] = { "落泊", "落雹" }, ["lok6 maa5"] = { "落馬", "駱馬" }, ["lok6 mok6"] = { "落寞", "落幕" }, ["long6 dong6"] = { "浪蕩", "莨菪" }, ["lou4 zi2"] = { "爐子", "驢子" }, ["lou5 faa3"] = { "老化", "鹵化" }, ["lou5 go1"] = { "老哥", "老歌" }, ["lou5 lou5"] = { "姥姥", "老老" }, ["lou5 seoi2"] = { "滷水", "鹵水" }, ["lou5 si6"] = { "老是", "老視" }, ["lou6 min6"] = { "路面", "露面" }, ["luk1 luk1"] = { "碌碌", "轆轆" }, ["luk6 dei6"] = { "綠地", "陸地" }, ["luk6 dou2"] = { "綠島", "鹿島", "鹿嶋" }, ["luk6 lik6"] = { "勠力", "戮力" }, ["lung4 tau4"] = { "籠頭", "龍頭" }, ["lung4 zau1"] = { "龍州", "龍舟" }, ["lung4 zi2"] = { "籠子", "聾子" }, ["m4 zeon2"] = { "唔准", "唔準" }, ["maa4 fung1 beng6"] = { "痲瘋病", "麻風病" }, ["maa4 zoeng3"] = { "麻將", "麻醬" }, ["maa5 ji5 taa1"] = { "馬爾他", "馬耳他" }, ["maa5 ji5 taa1 jan4"] = { "馬爾他人", "馬耳他人" }, ["maa5 lei6"] = { "瑪莉", "馬利" }, ["maa5 lo4"] = { "馬鑼", "馬騾" }, ["maa5 ngaa5"] = { "瑪雅", "馬雅" }, ["maa5 tau4"] = { "碼頭", "馬頭" }, ["maan6 jau4"] = { "漫游", "漫遊" }, ["maan6 jung6"] = { "慢用", "萬用" }, ["maan6 maa6"] = { "漫罵", "謾罵" }, ["maan6 sing3"] = { "慢性", "萬姓" }, ["maan6 zoeng6"] = { "萬丈", "萬象" }, ["maang5 zoeng3"] = { "猛將", "猛漲" }, ["mai5 wong4"] = { "米黃", "米王" }, ["mak6 jin4"] = { "驀然", "默然" }, ["mak6 mak6"] = { "脈脈", "默默" }, ["mak6 zi2"] = { "麥子", "墨子" }, ["man4 duk6"] = { "文牘", "文讀" }, ["man4 faat3"] = { "文法", "民法" }, ["man4 fo1"] = { "文科", "民科" }, ["man4 fong4"] = { "民房", "民防" }, ["man4 gaak3"] = { "文革", "民革" }, ["man4 lei5"] = { "文理", "紋理" }, ["man4 loi4"] = { "文萊", "汶萊" }, ["man4 san1"] = { "文身", "紋身" }, ["man4 si6"] = { "文士", "民事" }, ["man4 syun2"] = { "文選", "民選" }, ["man4 zoeng1"] = { "文章", "紋章" }, ["man4 zuk6"] = { "民俗", "民族" }, ["man4 zuk6 hok6"] = { "民俗學", "民族學" }, ["mat6 fung1"] = { "密封", "蜜蜂" }, ["mat6 gin2"] = { "密件", "物件" },--mat6 gin6-2 ["mau4 si6"] = { "謀事", "謀士" }, ["mei4 ci4"] = { "微詞", "微辭" }, ["mei4 ngaan5"] = { "媚眼", "眉眼" }, ["mei5 jyun4"] = { "美元", "美圓" }, ["mei5 mei5"] = { "娓娓", "靡靡" }, ["min5 jik6"] = { "免役", "免疫" }, ["min6 gan1"] = { "面巾", "麵筋" }, ["min6 pei4"] = { "面皮", "麵皮" }, ["min6 si5"] = { "面市", "面試" }, ["ming4 ci3"] = { "名刺", "名次" }, ["ming4 cing1"] = { "名稱", "明清" }, ["ming4 giu3"] = { "名叫", "鳴叫" }, ["ming4 jin4"] = { "名言", "明言" }, ["ming4 jyu6"] = { "名譽", "明喻" }, ["ming4 man4"] = { "明文", "銘文" }, ["ming4 muk6"] = { "明目", "瞑目" }, ["ming4 sing1"] = { "名聲", "明星" }, ["ming4 zi6"] = { "名字", "明治" }, ["miu6 jyu5"] = { "妙語", "廟宇" }, ["mok6 ming4 kei4 miu6"] = { "莫名其妙", "莫明其妙" }, ["mong5 kau4"] = { "妄求", "網球" }, ["mou4 baan2"] = { "模板", "模版" }, ["mou4 bat1"] = { "毛筆", "無不" }, ["mou4 bun2"] = { "模本", "摹本" }, ["mou4 cou3"] = { "毛糙", "毛躁" }, ["mou4 cung4"] = { "毛蟲", "無從" }, ["mou4 faat3"] = { "毛髮", "無法" }, ["mou4 ji4"] = { "模擬", "無疑" }, ["mou4 jing4"] = { "模型", "模形", "無形" }, ["mou4 laa1 laa1"] = { "無啦啦", "無喇喇" }, ["mou4 ming4"] = { "無名", "無明" }, ["mou4 san4"] = { "巫神", "無神" }, ["mou4 seoi1"] = { "毋須", "無需", "無須" }, ["mou4 si1"] = { "巫師", "無私" }, ["mou4 si6"] = { "無事", "無視" }, ["mou4 sik1"] = { "模式", "無息", "無色" }, ["mou4 sin3"] = { "毛線", "無線" }, ["mou4 soeng4"] = { "無償", "無常" }, ["mou4 zi2"] = { "模子", "毛子" }, ["mou5 dou6"] = { "武道", "舞蹈" }, ["mou5 jyu5"] = { "母乳", "母語" }, ["mou5 si6"] = { "冇事", "武士", "獅虎" }, ["mou5 zi2"] = { "拇指", "母子" }, ["mou6 hei3"] = { "暮氣", "霧氣" }, ["mou6 jyun4"] = { "墓園", "戊烷" }, ["mui4 coi3"] = { "梅菜", "霉菜" }, ["mui4 hei3"] = { "煤氣", "霉氣" }, ["muk6 baan2"] = { "木板", "木版" }, ["mung4 lung4"] = { "朦朧", "矇矓" }, ["mut3 saat3"] = { "抹殺", "抹煞" }, ["mut6 hung1"] = { "抹胸", "沒空" }, ["mut6 sai3"] = { "末世", "沒世" }, ["naa5 ci3"] = { "哪次", "那次" }, ["naa5 go3"] = { "哪個", "那個" }, ["naa5 ji4"] = { "哪兒", "那兒" }, ["naa5 joeng6"] = { "哪樣", "那樣" }, ["naa5 leoi5"] = { "哪裡", "那裡" }, ["naa5 se1"] = { "哪些", "那些" }, ["naam4 coeng1"] = { "南昌", "男娼" }, ["naam4 fong1"] = { "南方", "男方" }, ["naam4 jan4"] = { "南人", "男人" }, ["naam4 joeng4"] = { "南洋", "南陽" }, ["naam4 naam4"] = { "喃喃", "囡囡" }, ["naam4 sik1"] = { "男式", "男色" }, ["naan4 dou6"] = { "難度", "難道" }, ["naap6 seoi3"] = { "納稅", "納粹" }, ["nei5 hou2"] = { "你好", "您好" }, ["nei5 mun4"] = { "你們", "妳們", "您們", "祢們" }, ["neoi5 sik1"] = { "女式", "女色" }, ["neoi5 wong4"] = { "女王", "女皇" }, ["neoi4 neoi2"] = { "囡囡", "女女" },--neoi5-4 neoi5-2 ["ng5 baa3"] = { "五伯", "五霸" }, ["ngaa4 baan1"] = { "牙斑", "牙班" }, ["ngaai4 ngon6"] = { "崖岸", "涯岸" }, ["ngaam4 sek6"] = { "岩石", "巖石" }, ["ngaan5 lim4"] = { "眼瞼", "眼簾" }, ["ngai6 gei6"] = { "藝伎", "藝妓" }, ["ngan4 jyun4"] = { "銀元", "銀圓" }, ["ngan4 zi2"] = { "銀子", "銀紙" }, ["ngo4 jyu5"] = { "俄語", "俄雨" }, ["ngoi6 si6"] = { "外事", "礙事" }, ["ngoi6 soeng1"] = { "外傷", "外商" }, ["nim1 tou2"] = { "粘土", "黏土" }, ["nim4 tip3"] = { "粘貼", "黏貼" }, ["nim4 zoek6"] = { "粘著", "黏著" }, ["nin4 zung1"] = { "年中", "年終" }, ["noi6 sam1"] = { "內心", "耐心" }, ["nou5 lik6"] = { "努力", "腦力" }, ["nung4 mou6"] = { "濃霧", "農務" }, ["oi1 hou4"] = { "哀嚎", "哀號" }, ["oi1 ming4"] = { "哀憐", "哀鳴" }, ["oi3 sek3"] = { "愛惜", "愛錫" }, ["oi3 zi1"] = { "愛滋", "愛知" }, ["ok3 sam1"] = { "噁心", "惡心" }, ["on1 gei1"] = { "氨基", "胺基" }, ["on1 gei1 jyut3 syun1"] = { "氨基乙酸", "胺基乙酸" }, ["on1 gei1 jyut6 syun1"] = { "氨基乙酸", "胺基乙酸" }, ["on1 gei1 syun1"] = { "氨基酸", "胺基酸" }, ["on1 hong1"] = { "安康", "鮟鱇" }, ["on1 saan1"] = { "安山", "鞍山" }, ["on1 sik1"] = { "安息", "安適" }, ["on1 syun1"] = { "氨酸", "胺酸" }, ["on1 zing6"] = { "安靖", "安靜" }, ["on3 jyu5"] = { "按語", "案語" }, ["on3 lai6"] = { "按例", "案例" }, ["ou3 mun2 jyun4"] = { "澳門元", "澳門圓" },--ou3 mun4-2 jyun4 ["ou3 si1 ting1"] = { "奧斯丁", "奧斯汀" }, ["paai4 hei3"] = { "排戲", "排氣" }, ["paak3 si1"] = { "佩斯", "柏斯", "珀斯" }, ["paan1 wun4"] = { "攀援", "攀緣" }, ["paau3 zai3"] = { "泡製", "炮製" }, ["pan4 dou6"] = { "貧道", "頻道" }, ["pan4 jau4"] = { "貧油", "貧鈾" }, ["pei4 gaap3"] = { "皮夾", "皮革" }, ["pei4 paa4"] = { "枇杷", "琵琶" }, ["pin1 fuk1"] = { "篇幅", "蝙蝠" }, ["pin1 muk6"] = { "篇目", "編目" }, ["pin1 pin1"] = { "偏偏", "翩翩" }, ["pin1 si1"] = { "偏師", "偏私" }, ["pin1 taan2"] = { "偏癱", "偏袒" }, ["pin1 zai3"] = { "編制", "編製" }, ["pin3 dyun6"] = { "片斷", "片段" }, ["ping4 ding6"] = { "平定", "評定" }, ["ping4 fan1"] = { "平分", "評分" }, ["ping4 gaa3"] = { "平價", "評價" }, ["ping4 hang4"] = { "平行", "平衡" }, ["ping4 kek6"] = { "平劇", "評劇" }, ["ping4 man4"] = { "平民", "駢文" }, ["piu1 fat1"] = { "飄忽", "飄拂" }, ["piu1 fau4"] = { "漂浮", "飄浮" }, ["pui3 gok3"] = { "配腳", "配角" }, ["pui4 zeoi6"] = { "賠罪", "陪罪" }, ["saa1 laai1"] = { "沙拉", "莎拉" }, ["saa1 lung4"] = { "沙龍", "紗籠" }, ["saa1 zau1"] = { "沙州", "沙洲" }, ["saa1 zi2"] = { "沙子", "砂紙" }, ["saa3 de1"] = { "沙嗲", "沙爹" },--saa1-3 de1 ["saam1 wai4"] = { "三圍", "三維" }, ["saan1 cyun1"] = { "山川", "山村" }, ["saan1 fung1"] = { "山峰", "山風" }, ["saan1 joeng4"] = { "山羊", "山陽" }, ["saan1 wu4 ziu1"] = { "山胡椒", "珊瑚礁" }, ["saang1 juk6"] = { "生肉", "生育" }, ["saat3 hei3"] = { "撒氣", "殺氣" }, ["saat3 naa5"] = { "剎那", "薩那" }, ["saat3 sau2"] = { "撒手", "殺手" }, ["sai1 ging1"] = { "西京", "西經" }, ["sai1 ngok6"] = { "西嶽", "西樂", "西鄂" }, ["sai1 sai1"] = { "栖栖", "西西" }, ["sai1 zeon3"] = { "西晉", "西進" }, ["sai1 zi2"] = { "篩子", "西紙" }, ["sai2 cin2"] = { "洗錢", "使錢" }, ["sai3 zuk6"] = { "世俗", "世族" }, ["sam1 cing4"] = { "心情", "深情" }, ["sam1 coeng4"] = { "心腸", "深長" }, ["sam1 gaang1"] = { "深更", "深耕" }, ["sam1 gei1"] = { "心機", "心肌" }, ["sam1 ji1"] = { "心衣", "深衣" }, ["sam1 ji4"] = { "心儀", "心疑" }, ["sam1 jim4"] = { "森嚴", "森蚺" }, ["sam1 jyun5"] = { "心軟", "深遠" }, ["sam1 ngoi3"] = { "心愛", "深愛" }, ["sam1 seoi2"] = { "心水", "深水" }, ["sam1 seoi5"] = { "心緒", "心髓" }, ["sam1 si1"] = { "心思", "深思" }, ["sam1 sing2"] = { "深省", "深醒" }, ["sam1 zi3"] = { "心志", "心智" }, ["san1 baan2"] = { "身板", "鋅版" }, ["san1 bou3"] = { "申報", "辛布" }, ["san1 ciu4"] = { "新朝", "新潮" }, ["san1 coeng4"] = { "伸長", "身長" }, ["san1 fan2"] = { "身份", "身分" },--san1 fan6-2 ["san1 gaau3"] = { "新教", "身教" }, ["san1 gong2"] = { "伸港", "新港" }, ["san1 geoi1"] = { "故居", "新居" }, ["san1 jing4"] = { "新型", "身形" }, ["san1 kei4"] = { "新奇", "辛奇" }, ["san1 keoi1"] = { "新區", "身軀" }, ["san1 man4"] = { "新聞", "申文" }, ["san1 sau2"] = { "新手", "身手" }, ["san1 syu1"] = { "新書", "神荼" }, ["san4 gwong1"] = { "晨光", "辰光" }, ["san4 hei3"] = { "神器", "神氣" }, ["san4 kei4"] = { "神奇", "神祇" }, ["san4 kuk1"] = { "神曲", "神麴" }, ["san4 saa1"] = { "神沙", "辰砂" }, ["san4 zi3"] = { "神志", "神智" }, ["sang1 sik1"] = { "生息", "生色" }, ["sap1 nap6 nap6"] = { "濕𣲷𣲷", "濕納納" }, ["sat1 diu6"] = { "失掉", "失調" }, ["sat1 sau2"] = { "失守", "失手" }, ["sat6 si6"] = { "實事", "實是" }, ["sau1 fuk6"] = { "修復", "收復", "收服" }, ["sau1 joeng5"] = { "修養", "收養" }, ["sau1 zaap6"] = { "收集", "蒐集" }, ["sau1 zing3"] = { "修正", "蒐證" }, ["sau2 faat3"] = { "守法", "手法" }, ["sau2 gung1"] = { "守宮", "手工", "首功" }, ["sau2 jip6"] = { "守業", "首頁" }, ["sau2 sai3"] = { "守勢", "手勢" }, ["sau2 seon3"] = { "守信", "手信" }, ["sau2 soeng3"] = { "手相", "首相" }, ["sau2 zi2"] = { "手指", "手紙" }, ["sau2 zoeng2"] = { "手掌", "首長" }, ["sau2 zuk6"] = { "手續", "手鐲" }, ["sau3 juk6"] = { "獸慾", "瘦肉" }, ["sau6 fo3"] = { "售貨", "授課" }, ["sau6 jyu5"] = { "授乳", "授予" }, ["sau6 kyun4"] = { "受權", "授權" }, ["sau6 ming6"] = { "壽命", "授命" }, ["sau6 zoeng2"] = { "受獎", "授獎" }, ["se3 lei6"] = { "猞猁", "舍利" }, ["se3 zong1"] = { "卸妝", "卸裝" }, ["sek6 min4"] = { "石棉", "石綿" }, ["sek6 zoeng6"] = { "石像", "石匠" }, ["seoi2 dou6"] = { "水稻", "水道" }, ["seoi2 hei3"] = { "水氣", "水汽" }, ["seoi2 paau3"] = { "水泡", "水炮", "水疱" }, ["seoi2 ping4"] = { "水平", "水瓶" }, ["seon3 hou6"] = { "信號", "訊號" }, ["seon3 sau2"] = { "信守", "信手" }, ["seon3 sik1"] = { "信息", "瞬息", "訊息", "遜色" }, ["seon4 faa3"] = { "純化", "馴化" }, ["seon4 hau5"] = { "淳厚", "醇厚" }, ["seon4 sou3"] = { "純數", "純素" }, ["seon4 suk6"] = { "純屬", "純熟" }, ["si1 daa2"] = { "廝打", "絲打" }, ["si1 dai6"] = { "司隸", "師弟" }, ["si1 dak1"] = { "師德", "私德" }, ["si1 faat3"] = { "司法", "師法", "私法" }, ["si1 fu2"] = { "師傅", "師父", "獅虎" },--si1 fu6-2 ["si1 gaa1"] = { "思家", "施加", "私家" }, ["si1 gung1"] = { "師公", "施工" }, ["si1 jan4"] = { "私人", "詩人" }, ["si1 lou6"] = { "思路", "絲路" }, ["si1 mat6"] = { "私密", "絲襪" }, ["si1 nim6"] = { "思念", "私念" }, ["si1 sang1"] = { "師生", "私生" }, ["si1 sau2"] = { "屍首", "廝守" }, ["si1 sau4"] = { "私仇", "私讎" }, ["si1 si1"] = { "偲偲", "絲絲" }, ["si1 si6"] = { "司事", "施事", "私事" }, ["si1 tou4"] = { "司徒", "師徒" }, ["si3 gun2"] = { "使館", "試管" }, ["si3 hang4"] = { "肆行", "試行" }, ["si3 sik6"] = { "嗜食", "蟶子", "試食" }, ["si3 tou4"] = { "使徒", "試圖" }, ["si4 ji4"] = { "時宜", "時而" }, ["si4 sai3"] = { "時世", "時勢" }, ["si4 san1"] = { "時新", "時薪" }, ["si6 fung6"] = { "事奉", "侍奉" }, ["si6 gok3"] = { "視覺", "視角" }, ["si6 gu3"] = { "是故", "事故" }, ["si6 hau6"] = { "事後", "伺候", "侍候" }, ["si6 ji4"] = { "事兒", "事宜" }, ["si6 lai6"] = { "事例", "示例" }, ["si6 si6"] = { "事事", "視事" }, ["si6 tou4"] = { "仕途", "視圖" }, ["sik1 bit6"] = { "惜別", "識別" }, ["sik1 ji4"] = { "析疑", "適宜", "釋疑" }, ["sik1 juk6"] = { "息肉", "色慾" }, ["sik1 sou3"] = { "悉數", "色素" }, ["sik1 zi2"] = { "釋子", "骰子" }, ["sik6 juk6"] = { "食慾", "食肉" }, ["sik6 tong4"] = { "食堂", "食糖" }, ["sin1 jan4"] = { "仙人", "先人" }, ["sin1 lai6"] = { "先例", "鮮麗" }, ["sin1 lit6"] = { "先烈", "鮮烈" }, ["sin3 cing4"] = { "煽情", "線程" }, ["sin3 dung6"] = { "扇動", "煽動" }, ["sin6 bin3"] = { "善變", "嬗變" }, ["sin6 hau6"] = { "善後", "善戰" }, ["sing1 hung1"] = { "升空", "星空" }, ["sing1 kap1"] = { "升級", "星級" }, ["sing1 kei4"] = { "升旗", "星期" }, ["sing1 ming4"] = { "聲名", "聲明" }, ["sing1 sik1"] = { "聲息", "聲色" }, ["sing1 sing1"] = { "星星", "猩猩" }, ["sing1 soeng1"] = { "星相", "星霜" }, ["sing2 ng6"] = { "省悟", "醒悟" }, ["sing3 dei6"] = { "勝地", "聖地" }, ["sing3 fu6"] = { "勝負", "聖父" }, ["sing3 ling4"] = { "性靈", "聖靈" }, ["sing3 ming4"] = { "姓名", "聖明" }, ["sing3 zi2"] = { "性子", "聖子", "聖旨", "蟶子" }, ["sing4 coi4"] = { "成才", "成材" }, ["sing4 gaau1"] = { "城郊", "成交" }, ["sing4 gin3"] = { "城建", "成見", "承建" }, ["sing4 jan4"] = { "成人", "成仁" }, ["sing4 jing4"] = { "成型", "成形" }, ["sing4 sam1"] = { "成心", "誠心" }, ["sit3 lou6"] = { "泄露", "洩露" }, ["sit6 bun2"] = { "折本", "蝕本" }, ["siu1 faa3"] = { "消化", "硝化", "燒化"}, ["siu1 fong4 saan1"] = { "消火栓", "消防栓" }, ["siu1 sat1"] = { "消失", "蕭瑟" }, ["siu1 sau6"] = { "消受", "銷售" }, ["siu1 sik1"] = { "消息", "消釋" }, ["siu1 wai2"] = { "燒毀", "銷毀" }, ["siu2 dik1"] = { "小滴", "小的" }, ["siu2 hei3"] = { "小戲", "小氣" }, ["siu2 ji4"] = { "小兒", "小姨" }, ["siu2 ji4 zi2"] = { "小兒子", "小姨子" }, ["siu2 loeng6"] = { "小量", "少量" }, ["siu2 sang1"] = { "小僧", "小生" }, ["siu2 si6"] = { "小事", "小視" }, ["siu2 siu2"] = { "小小", "少少", "指事" }, ["siu2 sou3"] = { "小數", "少數" }, ["siu2 syu2"] = { "小暑", "小鼠" }, ["siu2 syut3"] = { "小說", "小雪" }, ["siu2 zi2"] = { "小子", "小指" }, ["siu3 mei1 mei1"] = { "笑咪咪", "笑瞇瞇" }, ["siu3 mi1 mi1"] = { "笑咪咪", "笑瞇瞇" }, ["so1 lei5"] = { "梳理", "疏理" }, ["so1 sai2"] = { "唆使", "梳洗" }, ["so1 zi2"] = { "梭子", "梳子" }, ["so2 wai6"] = { "所為", "所謂" }, ["soeng1 can1"] = { "相親", "雙親" }, ["soeng1 can3"] = { "相稱", "相襯" }, ["soeng1 cing1"] = { "相稱", "雙清" }, ["soeng1 daa2"] = { "相打", "雙打" }, ["soeng1 fong2"] = { "廂房", "相仿" }, ["soeng1 fung1"] = { "傷風", "雙峰" }, ["soeng1 gwaan1"] = { "相關", "雙關" }, ["soeng1 hou6"] = { "傷號", "商號" }, ["soeng1 jan4"] = { "商人", "雙人" }, ["soeng1 loeng4"] = { "商量", "雙糧" }, ["soeng1 jyu5"] = { "湘語", "相與", "雙語" }, ["soeng1 mong4"] = { "傷亡", "雙亡" }, ["soeng1 sing1"] = { "雙星", "雙聲" }, ["soeng1 sou3"] = { "商數", "雙數" }, ["soeng1 wai4"] = { "相為", "相違" }, ["soeng1 zi2"] = { "箱子", "雙子" }, ["soeng2 zoeng6"] = { "想像", "想象" }, ["soeng2 zoeng6 lik6"] = { "想像力", "想象力" }, ["soeng5 bong2"] = { "上榜", "上綁" }, ["soeng5 fo3"] = { "上課", "上貨" }, ["soeng5 gaau1"] = { "上交", "上膠" }, ["soeng5 jin4"] = { "上弦", "上言" }, ["soeng5 saan1"] = { "上山", "上閂" }, ["soeng5 zoeng3"] = { "上帳", "上漲" }, ["soeng5 zong1"] = { "上妝", "上裝" }, ["soeng6 coeng4"] = { "上庠", "上詳" }, ["soeng6 fung1"] = { "上峰", "上風" }, ["soeng6 gaai3"] = { "上屆", "上界" }, ["soeng6 hou2"] = { "上好", "尚好" }, ["soeng6 ji1"] = { "上衣", "上醫" }, ["soeng6 lau4"] = { "上僂", "上流" }, ["soeng6 man4"] = { "上文", "上聞" }, ["soeng6 sou3"] = { "上溯", "上訴" }, ["soeng6 syu1"] = { "上書", "尚書" }, ["soeng6 zau3"] = { "上奏", "上晝" }, ["soeng6 zi3"] = { "上智", "上知", "尚志" }, ["soeng6 zoeng3"] = { "上將", "上漲" }, ["sou3 maa5"] = { "數碼", "掃碼" }, ["sou3 miu4"] = { "掃描", "素描" }, ["sou3 syut3"] = { "數說", "訴說" }, ["sou3 zik6"] = { "數值", "素席" }, ["sou3 zyu1"] = { "數珠", "訴諸" }, ["suk1 suk1"] = { "叔叔", "颼颼" }, ["suk6 dei6"] = { "屬地", "熟地" }, ["suk6 sik1"] = { "熟悉", "熟識" }, ["sung3 zung1"] = { "送終", "送中" }, ["syu1 faat3"] = { "抒發", "書法" }, ["syu1 gaa1"] = { "書家", "輸家" }, ["syu1 se2"] = { "抒寫", "書寫" }, ["syu1 wun4"] = { "紓緩", "舒緩" }, ["syu1 wun6"] = { "紓緩", "舒緩" }, ["syu1 zin2"] = { "書展", "舒展" }, ["syu6 laap6"] = { "樹立", "豎立" }, ["syu6 lap6"] = { "樹立", "豎立" }, ["syu6 zi1"] = { "樹枝", "樹脂" }, ["syun1 faa3"] = { "宣化", "酸化" }, ["syun1 zi2"] = { "孫子", "宣旨", "宣紙" }, ["syut3 baak6"] = { "說白", "雪白" }, ["syut3 baa1"] = { "雪巴", "雪葩" }, ["taa1 mun4"] = { "他們", "她們", "它們", "牠們", "祂們" }, ["taai3 gu2"] = { "太古", "太鼓" }, ["taai3 kek6"] = { "傣劇", "泰劇" }, ["taan3 faa3"] = { "炭化", "碳化" }, ["tai2 jing4"] = { "體型", "體形" }, ["tai2 loeng6"] = { "體諒", "體量" }, ["tai2 ngoi6 sau6 zing1"] = { "體外受精", "體外授精" }, ["tai4 bat6"] = { "提拔", "題跋" }, ["tai4 ci4"] = { "提詞", "題詞" }, ["tai4 fong4"] = { "堤防", "提防" }, ["tai4 ming4"] = { "提名", "題名" }, ["tai4 zi2"] = { "提子", "蹄子" }, ["tau1 dou6"] = { "偷渡", "偷盜" }, ["tau4 toi1"] = { "頭胎", "投胎" }, ["teoi1 ci4"] = { "推辭", "推遲" }, ["teoi3 ciu4"] = { "退朝", "退潮" }, ["teoi3 faa3"] = { "蛻化", "退化" }, ["tim4 jin4"] = { "恬然", "甜言" }, ["tim4 mat6"] = { "恬謐", "甜蜜" }, ["tin1 ngaan5"] = { "天目", "天眼" }, ["tin1 ping4"] = { "天平", "天秤" }, ["tin1 wong4"] = { "天王", "天皇" }, ["ting1 zing3"] = { "聽政", "聽證" }, ["ting4 zi2"] = { "亭子", "停止" }, ["tip3 zi2"] = { "帖子", "貼紙" }, ["tiu4 lei5"] = { "條理", "調理" }, ["tiu4 gaau3"] = { "調教", "調校" }, ["tiu4 man4"] = { "條文", "條紋" }, ["tiu4 zau2"] = { "笤帚", "調酒" }, ["toi4 fung1"] = { "臺風", "颱風" }, ["tong1 ci4"] = { "湯匙", "湯池" }, ["tong4 ji1"] = { "堂姨", "糖衣" }, ["tong4 sik6"] = { "堂食", "糖食" }, ["tou2 si1"] = { "吐司", "土司" }, ["tou3 hei3"] = { "吐棄", "吐氣" }, ["tou3 lou6"] = { "吐露", "套路" }, ["tou4 hei3"] = { "淘氣", "陶器" }, ["tou4 jing4"] = { "圖形", "徒刑" }, ["tou4 jyun4"] = { "桃園", "桃源" }, ["tou4 zi2"] = { "圖紙", "桃子" }, ["tung1 seon3"] = { "通信", "通訊" }, ["tung1 sing3"] = { "通勝", "通性" }, ["tung4 jan4"] = { "同人", "同仁", "瞳人", "瞳仁", "銅仁" }, ["tung4 ling4"] = { "同齡", "銅陵" }, ["tung4 nin4"] = { "同年", "童年" }, ["tung4 sam1"] = { "同心", "童心" }, ["tung4 sing1"] = { "同聲", "童星", "童聲" }, ["tung4 sing3"] = { "同姓", "同性" }, ["tung4 zi2"] = { "瞳子", "童子", "筒子" }, ["tyun4 jyun4"] = { "團員", "團圓" }, ["waa2 zoeng6"] = { "畫像", "畫匠" },--waa6-2 zoeng6 ["waak6 jin4"] = { "或然", "砉然" }, ["waan4 gu3"] = { "環顧", "頑固" }, ["waan4 kau4"] = { "寰球", "環球" }, ["waan4 si6"] = { "環視", "還是" }, ["waan6 ging2"] = { "幻境", "幻景" }, ["waang4 gaak3 mok2"] = { "橫膈膜", "橫隔膜" },--waang4 gaak3 mok6-2 ["wai1 ji4"] = { "委蛇", "威儀" }, ["wai4 duk6"] = { "唯獨", "遺毒" }, ["wai4 mat6"] = { "唯物", "遺物" }, ["wai4 sam1"] = { "唯心", "違心" }, ["wai4 wo4"] = { "維和", "違和" }, ["wai4 zi2"] = { "為止", "遺址" }, ["wai4 zoeng6"] = { "唯象", "遺像" }, ["wai6 ho4"] = { "渭河", "為何" }, ["wai6 sing1"] = { "彗星", "衛星" }, ["wai6 zi2"] = { "位址", "位子" }, ["wan1 cyun4"] = { "溫存", "溫泉" }, ["wan6 leon4"] = { "混淪", "渾淪" }, ["wan6 syu1"] = { "運輸", "韻書" }, ["wat1 zit3"] = { "屈折", "屈節" }, ["wing4 gwong1"] = { "容光", "榮光" }, ["wok6 sik1"] = { "獲悉", "獲釋" }, ["wong4 dai3"] = { "皇帝", "黃帝" }, ["wong4 gun1"] = { "王冠", "皇冠" }, ["wong4 gwan1"] = { "皇軍", "蝗軍", "黃軍" }, ["wong4 kei4"] = { "黃旗", "黃芪" }, ["wong4 kyun4"] = { "王權", "皇權" }, ["wong4 luk6 ji1 sang1"] = { "黃六醫生", "黃綠醫生" }, ["wong4 paai2"] = { "王牌", "黃牌" },--wong4 paai4-2 ["wong4 sat1"] = { "王室", "皇室" }, ["wong4 sing4"] = { "王城", "皇城" }, ["wong4 wai6"] = { "王位", "皇位" }, ["wong4 zi2"] = { "王子", "皇子" }, ["wong5 hau6"] = { "往後", "王后" }, ["wu1 dung1"] = { "烏冬", "烏鶇" }, ["wu1 zik1"] = { "污漬", "污跡" }, ["wu1 zuk6"] = { "惡俗", "污濁" }, ["wu4 fung1"] = { "胡峰", "胡蜂" }, ["wu4 sou1"] = { "狐臊", "鬍鬚" }, ["wu4 tou4"] = { "糊塗", "胡桃" }, ["wu6 wai6"] = { "互惠", "護衛" }, ["wui6 hap6"] = { "匯合", "會合" }, ["wui6 jin2"] = { "匯演", "會演" }, ["zaa3 ceoi2"] = { "榨取", "詐取" }, ["zaap6 gam2"] = { "集錦", "雜感" }, ["zaap6 luk6"] = { "集錄", "雜錄" }, ["zaap6 mat6"] = { "什物", "雜物" }, ["zai3 coi4"] = { "制裁", "製裁" }, ["zan1 si6"] = { "珍視", "真事", "真是" }, ["zan3 dong6"] = { "振盪", "震盪" }, ["zan3 dung6"] = { "振動", "震動" }, ["zan3 zoi1"] = { "賑災", "震災" }, ["zang1 gwong1"] = { "增光", "爭光" }, ["zang1 zik6"] = { "增值", "增殖" }, ["zat1 sou3"] = { "質數", "質素" }, ["zau1 coeng4"] = { "周詳", "周長" }, ["zau2 fung1"] = { "走風", "酒瘋" }, ["zau2 gwai2"] = { "走鬼", "酒鬼" }, ["zau3 man4"] = { "咒文", "皺紋" }, ["ze2 fu1"] = { "姊夫", "姐夫" }, ["zeoi1 gik1"] = { "狙擊", "追擊" }, ["zeoi1 sou3"] = { "追溯", "追訴" }, ["zeoi6 jin4"] = { "序言", "贅言" }, ["zeoi6 lok6"] = { "墜落", "聚落" }, ["zeoi6 seot6"] = { "敘述", "贅述" }, ["zeon1 zi2"] = { "榛子", "遵旨" }, ["zeon3 ciu3"] = { "俊俏", "峻峭" }, ["zeon3 gin3"] = { "晉見", "進見" }, ["zeon3 gung1"] = { "竣工", "進宮", "進攻" }, ["zeon6 loeng6"] = { "儘量", "盡量" }, ["zi1 cin4"] = { "之前", "支前" }, ["zi1 fong1"] = { "脂肪", "資方" }, ["zi1 gaai2"] = { "支解", "肢解" }, ["zi1 ji4"] = { "支移", "支頤" }, ["zi1 jip6"] = { "支孽", "枝葉" }, ["zi1 jyun4"] = { "支援", "資源" }, ["zi1 lau4"] = { "之流", "支流" }, ["zi1 lik6"] = { "資力", "資歷" }, ["zi1 sang1"] = { "孳生", "滋生" }, ["zi1 sik1"] = { "姿色", "知悉", "知識" }, ["zi1 zit3"] = { "支節", "枝節" }, ["zi1 zuk1"] = { "枝竹", "知足" }, ["zi2 aat3"] = { "指壓", "紙壓" }, ["zi2 gaap3"] = { "指甲", "趾甲" }, ["zi2 gwat1"] = { "指骨", "趾骨" }, ["zi2 man4"] = { "子民", "指紋" }, ["zi2 mei4"] = { "紫微", "紫薇" }, ["zi2 ming4"] = { "指名", "指明" }, ["zi2 si6"] = { "只是", "指事", "指示" }, ["zi2 sik1"] = { "止息", "紫色" }, ["zi2 zing3"] = { "指正", "指證" }, ["zi2 zoeng1"] = { "紙張", "紙漿" }, ["zi3 ci4"] = { "致詞", "致辭" }, ["zi3 fu3"] = { "智庫", "致富" }, ["zi3 ji3"] = { "恣意", "致意" }, ["zi3 lik6"] = { "智力", "致力" }, ["zi3 sei2"] = { "至死", "致死" }, ["zi6 ci4"] = { "字詞", "自持" }, ["zi6 geoi3"] = { "字句", "字據" }, ["zi6 hei3"] = { "正自", "稚氣", "自棄" }, ["zi6 hok6"] = { "治學", "自學" }, ["zi6 jin4"] = { "自然", "自燃" }, ["zi6 jing4"] = { "字型", "字形" }, ["zi6 lau6"] = { "痔漏", "痔瘻" }, ["zi6 lei5"] = { "治理", "自理" }, ["zi6 san1"] = { "自新", "自身" }, ["zi6 soeng1"] = { "自傷", "自相" }, ["zi6 tai2"] = { "字體", "自體" }, ["zi6 wai6"] = { "字彙", "自衛", "嗣位" }, ["zi6 zai3"] = { "自制", "自製" }, ["zi6 zeoi6"] = { "治罪", "自序" }, ["zik1 gung1"] = { "織工", "職工" }, ["zik1 si6"] = { "即事", "即是" }, ["zik1 wai6"] = { "即位", "職位" }, ["zik1 zik6"] = { "即席", "織蓆" }, ["zik6 gan1"] = { "植根", "直根" }, ["zik6 gok3"] = { "直覺", "直角" }, ["zik6 zik6"] = { "夕夕", "直直" }, ["zin1 zin1"] = { "戔戔", "濺濺" }, ["zin3 dau2"] = { "戰抖", "顫抖" }, ["zin3 si6"] = { "戰事", "戰士" }, ["zing1 bing1"] = { "徵兵", "精兵" }, ["zing1 git3"] = { "癥結", "貞潔" }, ["zing1 hei3"] = { "蒸氣", "蒸汽" }, ["zing1 jing1"] = { "精英", "菁英" }, ["zing1 kau4"] = { "徵求", "晶球" }, ["zing1 pik1"] = { "晶癖", "精闢" }, ["zing1 sam1"] = { "精心", "精深" }, ["zing3 faat3"] = { "政法", "正法" }, ["zing3 gaau3"] = { "政教", "正教" }, ["zing3 jin4"] = { "正弦", "證言" }, ["zing3 jiu3"] = { "政要", "正要" }, ["zing3 si6"] = { "政事", "正事", "正是", "正視" }, ["zing3 sik1"] = { "正式", "正色" }, ["zing3 tai2"] = { "政體", "正體" }, ["zing3 zi6"] = { "政治", "正字", "正治", "正自" }, ["zing3 zik1"] = { "政績", "正職" }, ["zing3 zik6"] = { "正值", "正直" }, ["zing3 zung1"] = { "正中", "正宗" }, ["zing6 mak6"] = { "靜脈", "靜默" }, ["zing6 mat6"] = { "靜物", "靜謐" }, ["zip3 hap6"] = { "接合", "接洽" }, ["zit3 cou3"] = { "浙醋", "節操" }, ["ziu1 mou6"] = { "招募", "朝暮", "朝霧" }, ["zo2 sau2"] = { "左手", "左首" }, ["zo6 ci3"] = { "坐廁", "座次" }, ["zo6 wai2"] = { "坐位", "座位" },--zo6 wai6-2 ["zo6 zik6"] = { "坐席", "座席" }, ["zo6 zong1"] = { "坐莊", "坐贓" }, ["zoeng2 zi2"] = { "長姊", "長子" }, ["zoeng6 fu1"] = { "丈夫", "象夫" }, ["zoeng6 jan4"] = { "丈人", "象人" }, ["zoeng6 pei4"] = { "橡皮", "象皮" }, ["zoi3 gin3"] = { "再建", "再見" }, ["zoi6 zik1"] = { "在即", "在職" }, ["zok3 sik1"] = { "作息", "作色" }, ["zong1 sik1"] = { "妝飾", "裝飾" }, ["zong6 zi2"] = { "狀子", "狀紙" }, ["zou2 uk1"] = { "組屋", "祖屋" }, ["zou2 sin1"] = { "早先", "祖先" }, ["zou6 gun1"] = { "作官", "做官" }, ["zou6 mung6"] = { "做夢", "造夢" }, ["zou6 sing4"] = { "做成", "造成" }, ["zou6 zok3"] = { "做作", "造作" }, ["zuk1 gok3"] = { "觸覺", "觸角" }, ["zuk1 mo2"] = { "捉摸", "觸摸" }, ["zuk1 muk6"] = { "矚目", "觸目" }, ["zuk1 toi4"] = { "燭臺", "築臺" }, ["zuk6 cing1"] = { "俗稱", "族稱" }, ["zuk6 gaa1"] = { "俗家", "逐家" }, ["zuk6 jan4"] = { "俗人", "族人" }, ["zuk6 zi6"] = { "俗字", "逐字" }, ["zung1 cing4"] = { "中程", "鍾情" }, ["zung1 coeng4"] = { "中場", "終場" }, ["zung1 cyun1"] = { "中川", "中村" }, ["zung1 dim2"] = { "中點", "終點", "鐘點" }, ["zung1 gaau3"] = { "中校", "宗教" }, ["zung1 gai3"] = { "中繼", "中計" }, ["zung1 gwok3 waa2"] = { "中國畫", "中國話" },--zung1 gwok3 waa6-2 ["zung1 hap6 bou3 dou6"] = { "綜合報導", "綜合報道" }, ["zung1 jat6"] = { "中日", "終日" }, ["zung1 joek6"] = { "中藥", "舂藥" }, ["zung1 jyu1"] = { "忠於", "終於" }, ["zung1 lau4"] = { "中流", "鐘樓" }, ["zung1 nin4"] = { "中年", "終年" }, ["zung1 sam1"] = { "中心", "忠心", "衷心" }, ["zung1 si1"] = { "宗師", "螽斯" }, ["zung1 sik1"] = { "中式", "棕色" }, ["zung1 zi2"] = { "中子", "中指", "中止", "宗旨", "盅子", "終止" }, ["zung1 zuk6"] = { "中軸", "宗族" }, ["zung2 laam5"] = { "總攬", "總覽" }, ["zung2 zoeng3"] = { "總帳", "腫脹" }, ["zung3 gun1"] = { "綜觀", "縱觀" }, ["zung3 hap6 bou3 dou6"] = { "綜合報導", "綜合報道" }, ["zyu1 jyu4"] = { "侏儒", "茱萸", "諸如" }, ["zyu2 gok3"] = { "主腳", "主角" }, ["zyu2 jip6"] = { "主業", "主頁" }, ["zyu2 sik6"] = { "主食", "煮食" }, ["zyu2 zi2"] = { "主子", "主旨" }, ["zyu3 ming4"] = { "注明", "著名" }, ["zyu6 zi2"] = { "住址", "箸子" }, ["zyun1 coeng4"] = { "專場", "專長" }, ["zyun1 gung1"] = { "專供", "專攻" }, ["zyun1 zyu3"] = { "專注", "專著" }, ["zyun2 zit3"] = { "撙節", "轉折" }, } return export 57fq78588db54rpdv4k2otga2jjnclc 828 3786231 7240519 2026-07-05T21:52:48Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 hak 7240519 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_string_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local gsub = m_string_utils.gsub local sub = mw.ustring.sub local match = m_string_utils.match local find = m_string_utils.find local len = m_string_utils.len local lower = m_string_utils.lower local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD function export.rom_display(text,convtype) if type(text) == 'table' then text,convtype = text.args[1],(text.args[2] or '') end local display = '' local show = { ['pfs'] = '', ['gd'] = '', ['hrs'] = '', ['ct'] = '' } local decomp = mw.text.split(gsub(text,'%s*/%s*',' / '),';',true) local m_table = require('Module:Wt/mnc/table') local handlers = { pfs = function(value) local pfs_readings = { ['n'] = {}, ['s'] = {} } local hrs_readings = { ['n'] = {}, ['s'] = {} } local hpy_readings = { ['n'] = {}, ['s'] = {} } local ipa_readings = { ['n'] = {}, ['s'] = {} } local function display_format(style) local label = { ['n'] = 'Northern ', ['s'] = 'Southern ', ['ns'] = '' } local city = { ['n'] = '[[w:Miaoli City|Miaoli]]', ['s'] = '[[w:Neipu|Neipu]]', ['ns'] = '[[w:Miaoli City|Miaoli]] and [[w:Neipu|Neipu]]' } local text = string.format("\n** <small>(''[[w:Sixian dialect|%sSixian]], incl. %s'')</small>", label[style], city[style]) text = text .. "\n*** <small>''[[w:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ|Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]]''</small>: <span class=\"zhpron-monospace\">" .. table.concat(pfs_readings[style:sub(1,1)], ' / ') .. '</span>' text = text .. "\n*** <small>''[[w:Taiwanese Hakka Romanization System|Hakka Romanization System]]''</small>: <span class=\"zhpron-monospace\">" .. table.concat(hrs_readings[style:sub(1,1)], ' / ') .. '</span>' text = text .. "\n*** <small>''[[w:Hagfa Pinyim|Hagfa Pinyim]]''</small>: <span class=\"zhpron-monospace\">" .. table.concat(hpy_readings[style:sub(1,1)], ' / ') .. '</span>' local ipa = '\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]' local span = '</small>: <span class="IPA">/' text = text .. ipa if style == 'ns' then local north = table.concat(ipa_readings['n'], '/, /') local south = table.concat(ipa_readings['s'], '/, /') if north == south then text = text .. span .. north .. '/</span>' else text = text .. " (''Northern, incl. " .. city['n'] .. "'')" .. span .. north .. "/</span>" text = text .. ipa .. " (''Southern, incl. " .. city['s'] .. "'')" .. span .. south .. "/</span>" end else text = text .. span .. table.concat(ipa_readings[style], '/, /') .. '/</span>' end return text end local function southern(text) local function convert(a, b, c) local e_a = { ['e'] = 'a', ['ê'] = 'â', ['é'] = 'á', ['è'] = 'à' } return a .. e_a[b] .. c end text = gsub(text, '([yY])([eéèê])(̍?[nt])', convert) text = gsub(text, '([nN]gi)([eéèê])(̍?[nt])', convert) text = gsub(text, '([kK]h?i)([eéèê])(̍?[nt])', convert) text = gsub(text, '^([hH]i)([eéèê])(̍?[nt])', convert) text = gsub(text, '([%-%s][hH]i)([eéèê])(̍?[nt])', convert) return text end local function add(style, reading) pfs_readings[style][#pfs_readings[style] + 1] = reading hrs_readings[style][#hrs_readings[style] + 1] = export.hrs(reading, style) hpy_readings[style][#hpy_readings[style] + 1] = export.pfs_to_hpy(reading) ipa_readings[style][#ipa_readings[style] + 1] = export.ipa(reading, style) end local ns = true for _, reading in ipairs(mw.text.split(value, ' / ')) do if match(reading,':') then local pair = mw.text.split(reading, ':') if pair[1] == 'ns' then add('n', pair[2]) add('s', pair[2]) else ns = false add(pair[1], pair[2]) end elseif match(reading,'[yY]') or reading ~= southern(reading) then ns = false add('n', reading) add('s', southern(reading)) else add('n', reading) add('s', reading) end end if convtype == '' then if ns then display = display .. display_format('ns') else if #pfs_readings['n'] ~= 0 then display = display .. display_format('n') end if #pfs_readings['s'] ~= 0 then display = display .. display_format('s') end end else for i, reading in ipairs(pfs_readings['s']) do pfs_readings['n'][#pfs_readings['n'] + 1] = pfs_readings['s'][i] end show['pfs'] = table.concat(m_table.removeDuplicates(pfs_readings['n']), ' / ') end end, hrs = function(value) local supported = { "h" } local hrs_readings = { ['h'] = {}, ['d'] = {}, ['r'] = {}, ['z'] = {} } for _, reading in ipairs(mw.text.split(value, ' / ')) do if find(reading, ':') then local dialects, rom = match(reading, '^([hdrz,]+):(.+)$') for _, dialect in ipairs(mw.text.split(dialects, ',')) do table.insert(hrs_readings[dialect], rom) end else error("Missing dialect label for Hakka Romanization.") end end local dialect_link = { ['h'] = "[[w:Hailu dialect|Hailu]], incl. [[w:Zhudong|Zhudong]]", ['d'] = "[[w:zh:大埔話|Dabu]]", ['r'] = "[[w:Raoping Hakka|Raoping]]", ['z'] = "[[w:zh:詔安客語|Zhao'an]]", } if convtype == '' then for _, dialect in ipairs(supported) do display = display .. string.format("\n** <small>(''%s'')</small>", dialect_link[dialect]) display = display .. "\n*** <small>''[[w:Taiwanese Hakka Romanization System|Hakka Romanization System]]''</small>: <span class=\"zhpron-monospace\">" .. export.hrs_process(hrs_readings[dialect], dialect, "rom") .. '</span>' display = display .. '\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]</small>: <span class="IPA">/' .. export.hrs_process(hrs_readings[dialect], dialect, "ipa") .. "/</span>" end else show['hrs'] = export.hrs_process(hrs_readings['h'], 'h', "rom") --TO-DO: multiple dialects end end, gd = function(value) local gd_formatted = gsub(value, '([1-6])', '<sup>%1</sup>') if convtype == '' then display = display .. "\n** <small>(''[[w:Meixian dialect|Meixian]]'')</small>" display = display .. "\n*** <small>''[[w:Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka|Guangdong]]''</small>: <span class=\"zhpron-monospace\">" .. gd_formatted .. '</span>' display = display .. '\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]</small>: <span class="IPA">/' .. export.gd_to_ipa(value) .. "/</span>" else show['gd'] = gd_formatted end end, ct = function(value) local ct_formatted = gsub(value, '([1-5])', '<sup>%1</sup>') if convtype == '' then display = display .. "\n** <small>(''[[w:Changting dialect|Changting]]'')</small>" display = display .. "\n*** <small>''Changting Pinyin''</small>: <span class=\"zhpron-monospace\">" .. ct_formatted .. '</span>' display = display .. '\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]</small>: <span class="IPA">/' .. export.ct_to_ipa(value) .. "/</span>" else show['ct'] = ct_formatted end end, } for i = 1,#decomp,1 do local key, val = match(decomp[i], '^(%a+)%=(.*)$') if not key then error("Malformed input: must be in the form 'tag=value'.") end if val == nil or mw.text.trim(val) == "" then error("Missing value for tag: " .. key) end local handler = handlers[key] if not handler then error("Unsupported tag: '" .. key .. "'") end handler(val) end if convtype ~= '' then local pfs = " <small>(''[[w:Sixian dialect|Sixian]], [[w:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ|PFS]]'')</small>: <span class=\"zhpron-monospace\">" .. show['pfs'] .. '</span>' local gd = " <small>(''[[w:Meixian dialect|Meixian]], [[w:Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka|Guangdong]]'')</small>: <span class=\"zhpron-monospace\">" .. show['gd'] .. '</span>' local hrs = " <small>(''[[w:Hailu dialect|Hailu]], [[w:Taiwanese Hakka Romanization System|HRS]]'')</small>: <span class=\"zhpron-monospace\">" .. show['hrs'] .. '</span>' local ct = " <small>(''[[w:Changting dialect|Changting]], Changting Pinyin'')</small>: <span class=\"zhpron-monospace\">" .. show['ct'] .. '</span>' if show['pfs'] ~= '' and show['hrs'] == '' and show['gd'] == '' and show['ct'] == '' then display = display .. pfs elseif show['gd'] ~= '' and show['pfs'] == '' and show['hrs'] == '' and show['ct'] == '' then display = display .. gd elseif show['hrs'] ~= '' and show['pfs'] == '' and show['gd'] == '' and show['ct'] == '' then display = display .. hrs elseif show['ct'] ~= '' and show['pfs'] == '' and show['hrs'] == '' and show['gd'] == '' then display = display .. ct else display = display .. (show['pfs'] ~= '' and '\n*:' .. pfs or '') display = display .. (show['hrs'] ~= '' and '\n*:' .. hrs or '') display = display .. (show['gd'] ~= '' and '\n*:' .. gd or '') display = display .. (show['ct'] ~= '' and '\n*:' .. ct or '') end end return display end local function find_tone(text) text = toNFD(text) if find(text, '̂') then return 1 elseif find(text, '̀') then return 2 elseif find(text, '́') then return 3 elseif find(text, '̍') then return 6 elseif find(text, '[^n][ptkbdg]$') then return 5 else return 4 end end function export.ipa(text, dialect) local syllables, initial, final, tone, tone_conv = {}, {}, {}, {}, {} local ipa = {} if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end text = gsub(gsub(gsub(lower(text), '%.', ''), '%s+$', ''), '%s+', '-') syllables = mw.text.split(text, "-") for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do syllable = gsub(syllable, ",", "") syllable = gsub(syllable,'o̍[ae]',{['o̍a']='ua̍',['o̍e']='ue̍'}) syllable = gsub(syllable,'[oóòôō][ae]',{['oa']='ua',['óa']='uá',['òa']='uà',['ôa']='uâ',['ōa']='uā',['oe']='ue',['óe']='ué',['òe']='uè',['ôe']='uê',['ōe']='uē'}) initial[i] = match(syllable, '^[mnptkcfvshyl]?[gh]?h?') final[i] = sub(syllable, len(initial[i]) + 1, -1) local initial_ipa = { ['ng'] = 'ŋ', ['ph'] = 'pʰ', ['th'] = 'tʰ', ['kh'] = 'kʰ', ['ch'] = 't͡s', ['chh'] = 't͡sʰ', ['y'] = 'i' } initial[i] = initial_ipa[initial[i]] or initial[i] tone[i] = find_tone(final[i]) local final_conv = { ['á'] = 'a', ['é'] = 'e', ['í'] = 'i', ['ó'] = 'o', ['ú'] = 'u', ['́'] = '', ['à'] = 'a', ['è'] = 'e', ['ì'] = 'i', ['ò'] = 'o', ['ù'] = 'u', ['̀'] = '', ['â'] = 'a', ['ê'] = 'e', ['î'] = 'i', ['ô'] = 'o', ['û'] = 'u', ['̂'] = '', ['ń'] = 'n', ['ǹ'] = 'n', ['̍'] = '', ['ṳ'] = 'ɨ', } final[i] = gsub(final[i], '[âêîôû̂àèìòù̀áéíóú́ńǹ̍ṳ]', final_conv) if initial[i] == 'i' then final[i] = (find(final[i], '^i[mnpt]?$') and '' or 'i') .. final[i] initial[i] = dialect == 's' and '(j)' or '' end final[i] = gsub(final[i], '([ptk])$', '%1̚') final[i] = gsub(final[i], 'ng$', 'ŋ') final[i] = final[i] == 'ŋ' and 'ŋ̍' or final[i] final[i] = gsub(final[i], 'er$', 'ə') final[i] = gsub(final[i], '([aeiouɨ])([aeiouɨ])([aeiouɨ]?)', function(first, second, third) if third ~= '' then first = first .. '̯' third = third .. '̯' elseif first == 'i' or first == 'u' then first = first .. '̯' elseif second == 'i' or second == 'u' then second = second .. '̯' end return first .. second .. third end) end for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do local tone_ipa = { [1] = '²⁴', [2] = '¹¹', [3] = '³¹', [4] = '⁵⁵', [5] = '²', [6] = '⁵', } tone_conv[i] = tone_ipa[tone[i]] if (tone[i] == 1 and find(tostring(tone[i+1]), '[146]') and not find(syllable, ",")) or (syllable == 'é' and dialect == 'n' and find(mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename, '仔') and find(text, '-é') and find(tostring(tone[i-1]), '[35]')) then tone_conv[i] = tone_conv[i] .. '⁻¹¹' end ipa[i] = initial[i] .. final[i] .. tone_conv[i] end return gsub(table.concat(ipa, " "), ",", "") end function export.hrs(text, dialect) if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end local syllables = mw.text.split(gsub(lower(text), ' ', '-'), "-") for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do -- check for commas local comma = '' if find(syllable, ',') then comma = ',' syllable = sub(syllable, 1, -2) end -- change consonants syllable = gsub(syllable,'[ptky]',{['p']='b',['t']='d',['k']='g',['y']=dialect == 's' and '(r)i' or 'i'}) syllable = gsub(syllable,'[bdgc]h',{['bh']='p',['dh']='t',['gh']='k',['ch']='z'}) syllable = gsub(syllable,'zh','c') local palatal = {['z']='j',['c']='q',['s']='x',['i']=''} syllable = gsub(syllable,'([zcsi])([iíìî])', function(a,b) return palatal[a]..b end) -- find tones local marks = { [1] = 'ˊ', [2] = 'ˇ', [3] = 'ˋ', [5] = 'ˋ' } local tone = marks[find_tone(syllable)] or '' -- remove tone marks and fix vowels syllable = gsub(syllable, 'ṳ', 'ii') syllable = gsub(toNFD(syllable), '[́̀̂̍]', '') syllable = gsub(syllable, 'o([ae])', 'u%1') -- add new tone marks syllables[i] = syllable .. "<sup>" .. tone .. "</sup>" .. comma end return table.concat(syllables, " ") end function export.pfs_to_hpy(text) if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end local syllables = mw.text.split(gsub(lower(text), ' ', '-'), "-") for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do if syllable == '...' then syllables[i] = syllable else -- check for commas local comma = '' if find(syllable, ',') then comma = ',' syllable = sub(syllable, 1, -2) end -- change consonants syllable = gsub(syllable,'[ptk]',{['p']='b',['t']='d',['k']='g'}) syllable = gsub(syllable,'[bdgc]h',{['bh']='p',['dh']='t',['gh']='k',['ch']='z'}) syllable = gsub(syllable,'zh','c') local palatal = {['z']='j',['c']='q',['s']='x'} syllable = gsub(syllable,'([zcs])([iíìî])', function(a,b) return palatal[a]..b end) -- find tones local tone = find_tone(syllable) -- remove tone marks and fix vowels syllable = gsub(syllable, 'ṳ', 'i') syllable = gsub(toNFD(syllable), '[́̀̂̍]', '') syllable = gsub(syllable, 'o([ae])', 'u%1') syllable = syllable == 'yu' and 'yiu' or syllable syllable = gsub(syllable, '([iy])e([nd])', '%1a%2') -- put everything together syllables[i] = syllable .. '<sup>' .. tone .. '</sup>' .. comma end end return table.concat(syllables, " ") end function export.gd_to_ipa(text) local initial_conv = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["f"] = "f", ["v"] = "ʋ", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["h"] = "h", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "s", ["j"] = "t͡ɕ", ["q"] = "t͡ɕʰ", ["x"] = "ɕ", [""] = "", } local final_conv = { ["ii"] = "z̩", ["i"] = "i", ["u"] = "u", ["a"] = "a", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ua"] = "ua", ["ê"] = "e", ["iê"] = "ie", ["uê"] = "ue", ["o"] = "o", ["io"] = "io", ["uo"] = "uo", ["m"] = "m̩", ["n"] = "n̩", ["ai"] = "aɪ", ["iai"] = "iaɪ", ["uai"] = "uaɪ", ["oi"] = "oɪ", ["ui"] = "uɪ", ["iui"] = "iuɪ", ["au"] = "au", ["iau"] = "iau", ["êu"] = "eu", ["iu"] = "iu", ["em"] = "əm", ["im"] = "im", ["am"] = "am", ["iam"] = "iam", ["êm"] = "ɛm", ["en"] = "ən", ["in"] = "in", ["an"] = "an", ["ian"] = "ian", ["uan"] = "uan", ["ên"] = "ɛn", ["iên"] = "iɛn", ["uên"] = "uɛn", ["on"] = "ɔn", ["ion"] = "iɔn", ["uon"] = "uɔn", ["un"] = "un", ["iun"] = "iun", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["iang"] = "iaŋ", ["uang"] = "uaŋ", ["ong"] = "ɔŋ", ["iong"] = "iɔŋ", ["uong"] = "uɔŋ", ["ung"] = "ʊŋ", ["iung"] = "iʊŋ", ["eb"] = "əp̚", ["ib"] = "ip̚", ["ab"] = "ap̚", ["iab"] = "iap̚", ["êb"] = "ɛp̚", ["ed"] = "ət̚", ["id"] = "it̚", ["ad"] = "at̚", ["iad"] = "iat̚", ["uad"] = "uat̚", ["êd"] = "ɛt̚", ["iêd"] = "iɛt̚", ["uêd"] = "uɛt̚", ["od"] = "ɔt̚", ["ud"] = "ut̚", ["iud"] = "iut̚", ["ag"] = "ak̚", ["iag"] = "iak̚", ["uag"] = "uak̚", ["og"] = "ɔk̚", ["iog"] = "iɔk̚", ["uog"] = "uɔk̚", ["ug"] = "ʊk̚", ["iug"] = "iʊk̚", } local tone_conv = { ["1"] = "⁴⁴", ["2"] = "¹¹", ["3"] = "³¹", ["4"] = "⁵³", ["5"] = "¹", ["6"] = "⁵", ["1*"] = "⁴⁴⁻³⁵", ["4*"] = "⁵³⁻⁵⁵", } if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end local words = mw.text.split(text, " / ") local result = {} for _, word in ipairs(words) do word = gsub(gsub(gsub(word, 'gd=', ''), '[%.,]', ''), '%s+$', '') local syllables = mw.text.split(word, '%s+') local initial, final, tone, ipa = {}, {}, {}, {} for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do initial[i] = match(syllable, "^[bpmfvdtnlgkhzcsjqx]?g?") final[i] = match(sub(syllable, len(initial[i]) + 1, -1), "^[^1-6]*") if initial[i] == "" and find(final[i], "^i") then error('Syllables starting with "i" need a "y" in front.') end final[i] = gsub(gsub(final[i], "^yi", "i"), "^y", "i") if find(initial[i], "[zcs]") and final[i] == "i" then final[i] = "ii" end if final[i] == "" then final[i] = initial[i] initial[i] = "" end tone[i] = match(syllable, "[1-6]$") end for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do local ortho_pal = { --orthographic palatalization ["z"] = "j", ["c"] = "q", ["s"] = "x", } local ortho_alv = { --orthographic alveolars ["j"] = "z", ["q"] = "c", ["x"] = "s", } if find(initial[i], "^[zcs]$") and find(final[i], "^i[^i]") then error("Initial should be " .. ortho_pal[initial[i]] .. "?") end if find(initial[i], "^[jqx]$") and find(final[i], "^[^i]") then error("Initial should be " .. ortho_alv[initial[i]] .. "?") end initial[i] = initial_conv[initial[i]] or error(("Unrecognised initial: \"%s\""):format(initial[i])) final[i] = final_conv[final[i]] or error(("Unrecognised final: \"%s\""):format(final[i])) if match(tone[i], "[14]") and match(tone[i+1] or "", "[2345]") then tone[i] = tone[i] .. "*" end if initial[i] == "" and final[i] == "e" and tone[i] == "3" and find(mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename, '仔') then initial[i] = match(final[i-1] or '', '([mnŋpti])̚?$') or initial[i] initial[i] = find(final[i-1] or '', 'u$') and 'ʋ' or initial[i] initial[i] = find(final[i-1] or '', '[ao]$') and '(ʋ)' or initial[i] initial[i] = find(final[i-1] or '', 'e$') and '(i)' or initial[i] end tone[i] = tone_conv[tone[i]] ipa[i] = initial[i] .. final[i] .. tone[i] end table.insert(result, table.concat(ipa, " ")) end return table.concat(result, "/, /") end function export.hrs_process(rom_list, dialect, process) local dialect_names = { ["h"] = "hailu", ["d"] = "dabu", ["r"] = "raoping", ["z"] = "zhaoan", } if process == "rom" then return gsub(gsub(table.concat(rom_list, " / "), "([ˊˇˋ˖])", "<sup>%1</sup>"), "#", "") elseif process == "ipa" then local ipa_readings = {} for i, reading in ipairs(rom_list) do ipa_readings[i] = export.hrs_to_ipa(reading, dialect_names[dialect]) end return table.concat(ipa_readings, "/, /") end end function export.hrs_to_ipa(text, dialect) local initial_conv = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["f"] = "f", ["v"] = "v", ["bb"] = "b", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["h"] = "h", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "s", ["j"] = "t͡ɕ", ["q"] = "t͡ɕʰ", ["x"] = "ɕ", ["zh"] = "t͡ʃ", ["ch"] = "t͡ʃʰ", ["sh"] = "ʃ", ["rh"] = "ʒ", [""] = "", } local final_conv = { ["ii"] = "ɨ", ["i"] = "i", ["e"] = "e", ["a"] = "a", ["o"] = "o", ["u"] = "u", ["ie"] = "ie", ["eu"] = "eu", ["ieu"] = "ieu", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ua"] = "ua", ["ai"] = "ai", ["iai"] = "iai", ["uai"] = "uai", ["au"] = "au", ["iau"] = "iau", ["io"] = "io", ["oi"] = "oi", ["ioi"] = "ioi", ["iu"] = "iu", ["ui"] = "ui", ["iui"] = "iui", ["ue"] = "ue", ["iim"] = "ɨm", ["im"] = "im", ["em"] = "em", ["iem"] = "iem", ["am"] = "am", ["iam"] = "iam", ["iin"] = "ɨn", ["in"] = "in", ["en"] = "en", ["ien"] = "ien", ["uen"] = "uen", ["an"] = "an", ["ian"] = "ian", ["uan"] = "uan", ["on"] = "on", ["ion"] = "ion", ["un"] = "un", ["iun"] = "iun", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["iang"] = "iaŋ", ["uang"] = "uaŋ", ["ong"] = "oŋ", ["iong"] = "ioŋ", ["ung"] = "uŋ", ["iung"] = "iuŋ", ["er"] = "ə", ["iib"] = "ɨp", ["ib"] = "ip", ["eb"] = "ep", ["ieb"] = "iep", ["ab"] = "ap", ["iab"] = "iap", ["iid"] = "ɨt", ["id"] = "it", ["ed"] = "et", ["ied"] = "iet", ["ued"] = "uet", ["ad"] = "at", ["iad"] = "iat", ["uad"] = "uat", ["od"] = "ot", ["iod"] = "iot", ["ud"] = "ut", ["iud"] = "iut", ["ag"] = "ak", ["iag"] = "iak", ["uag"] = "uak", ["og"] = "ok", ["iog"] = "iok", ["ug"] = "uk", ["iug"] = "iuk", ["m"] = "m̩", ["n"] = "n̩", ["ng"] = "ŋ̍", } local function get_tone(final, tone_mark, dialect) local mark_to_value = { ["hailu"] = { ["ˋ"] = "53", [""] = "55", ["ˊ"] = "24", ["ˇ"] = "11", ["˖"] = "33", ["d"] = "5", ["dˋ"] = "2", }, ["dabu"] = { ["˖"] = "33", ["ˊ"] = "35", ["ˇ"] = "113", ["ˆ"] = "31", ["ˋ"] = "53", ["dˆ"] = "21", ["dˋ"] = "54", }, ["zhaoan"] = { ["ˇ"] = "11", ["ˋ"] = "53", ["ˆ"] = "31", [""] = "55", ["dˊ"] = "24", ["dˋ"] = "43", }, } local mark = (find(final, "[ptk]$") and "d" or "") .. tone_mark return mark_to_value[dialect][mark] or "" end local function get_sandhi(syl_count, i, tone, dialect) if dialect == "hailu" then if i < syl_count then if tone == "24" then return "33" elseif tone == "5" then return "2" end end end return "" end local sup = { ["1"] = "¹", ["2"] = "²", ["3"] = "³", ["4"] = "⁴", ["5"] = "⁵", ["-"] = "⁻", } local function hrs_check_invalid(text) if not text then return nil end local common_errors = "[´`+⁺^]" local error_correction = { ["´"] = "ˊ", ["`"] = "ˋ", ["+"] = "˖", ["⁺"] = "˖", ["^"] = "ˆ", } local correct = gsub(text, common_errors, error_correction) if text ~= correct then error("Invalid Hakka Romanization \"" .. text .. "\": please change it to \"" .. correct .. "\"") end end --check for common errors in input hrs_check_invalid(text) local syllables, initial, final, tone, sandhi, no_sandhi, ipa = {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {} syllables = mw.text.split(text, " ") for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do no_sandhi[i] = false --find commas and #s if find(syllable, "[,#]") then no_sandhi[i] = true syllable = gsub(syllable, "[,#]", "") end --find initial, final, tone initial[i] = match(syllable, "^([bpmfvdtnlgkhzcsjqxr][ghb]?)") or "" tone[i] = match(syllable, "([ˊˇˋ˖])$") or "" final[i] = sub(syllable, len(initial[i]) + 1, -1 - len(tone[i])) --convert initial, final, tone initial[i] = initial_conv[initial[i]] or "" final[i] = final_conv[final[i]] or "" tone[i] = get_tone(final[i], tone[i], dialect) sandhi[i] = no_sandhi[i] and "" or get_sandhi(#syllables, i, tone[i], dialect) ipa[i] = initial[i] .. final[i] .. gsub(tone[i] .. (sandhi[i] ~= "" and "-" or "") .. sandhi[i], "[12345%-]", sup) end return gsub(table.concat(ipa, " "), ",", "") end function export.ct_to_ipa(text) local initial_conv = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["f"] = "f", ["v"] = "v", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["h"] = "h", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "s", ["j"] = "t͡ɕ", ["q"] = "t͡ɕʰ", ["x"] = "ɕ", ["zh"] = "t͡ʃ", ["ch"] = "t͡ʃʰ", ["sh"] = "ʃ", [""] = "", } local final_conv = { ["ï"] = "ʐ̩", ["i"] = "i", ["u"] = "u", ["a"] = "a", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ua"] = "ua", ["o"] = "o", ["io"] = "io", ["e"] = "e", ["ie"] = "ie", ["ue"] = "ue", ["ai"] = "ai", ["ui"] = "ui", ["ao"] = "ɔ", ["iao"] = "iɔ", ["eu"] = "əɯ", ["iu"] = "iəɯ", ["ieu"] = "iəɯ", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["iang"] = "iaŋ", ["uang"] = "uaŋ", ["eng"] = "eŋ", ["ieng"] = "ieŋ", ["ueng"] = "ueŋ", ["ing"] = "iŋ", ["ung"] = "uŋ", ["ông"] = "ɔŋ", ["iông"] = "iɔŋ", ["ong"] = "oŋ", ["iong"] = "ioŋ", ["ng"] = "ŋ̍", } local tone_conv = { ["1"] = "³³", ["2"] = "²⁴", ["3"] = "⁴²", ["4"] = "⁵⁴", ["5"] = "²¹", ["3*"] = "⁴²⁻³³", } if type(text) == 'table' then text = text.args[1] end local words = mw.text.split(text, " / ") local result = {} for _, word in ipairs(words) do word = gsub(gsub(gsub(word, 'ct=', ''), '[%.,]', ''), '%s+$', '') local syllables = mw.text.split(word, '%s+') local initial, final, tone, ipa = {}, {}, {}, {} for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do initial[i] = match(syllable, "^[bpmfvdtnlgkhzcsjqx]?[gh]?") final[i] = match(sub(syllable, len(initial[i]) + 1, -1), "^[^1-5]*") if initial[i] == "" and final[i] == "wung" then error('Please change "wung" to "ng".') end if initial[i] == "" and find(final[i], "^i") then error('Syllables starting with "i" need a "y" in front.') end final[i] = gsub(gsub(final[i], "^yi", "i"), "^y", "i") if initial[i] == "" and find(final[i], "^u") then error('Syllables starting with "u" need a "w" in front.') end final[i] = gsub(gsub(final[i], "^wu", "u"), "^w", "u") if final[i] == "" then final[i] = initial[i] initial[i] = "" end tone[i] = match(syllable, "[1-5]$") end for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do initial[i] = initial_conv[initial[i]] or error(("Unrecognised initial: \"%s\""):format(initial[i])) final[i] = final_conv[final[i]] or error(("Unrecognised final: \"%s\""):format(final[i])) if initial[i]:find("[zcs]") then final[i] = final[i]:gsub("ʐ", "z") end if (tone[i] == "3") and (tone[i+1] == "3") then tone[i] = tone[i] .. "*" end -- TODO: tone sandhi? tone[i] = tone_conv[tone[i]] ipa[i] = initial[i] .. final[i] .. tone[i] end table.insert(result, table.concat(ipa, " ")) end return table.concat(result, "/, /") end return export pv3r6zmkfuhmaukt8jpdqe3bng3x45a 828 3786232 7240520 2026-07-05T21:53:50Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local table_deep_equals_module = "Module:table/deepEquals" local table_get_metamethod_module = "Module:table/getMetamethod" local rawequal = rawequal local require = require local type = type local function get_metamethod(...) get_metamethod = require(table_get_metamethod_module) return get_metamethod(...) end local deep_equals local function get_deep_equals() deep_equals, get_deep_equals = require(table_deep_equals_module), nil return deep_equals end local funct..." 7240520 Scribunto text/plain local table_deep_equals_module = "Module:table/deepEquals" local table_get_metamethod_module = "Module:table/getMetamethod" local rawequal = rawequal local require = require local type = type local function get_metamethod(...) get_metamethod = require(table_get_metamethod_module) return get_metamethod(...) end local deep_equals local function get_deep_equals() deep_equals, get_deep_equals = require(table_deep_equals_module), nil return deep_equals end local function equal(a, b) return a == b end -- Sentinel for nil. local _nil = {} local __eq_types = { table = true, userdata = true, } local function seen_map_check(seen_map, v_comp, comp_func) if not comp_func(v_comp, v_comp) then return false, seen_map end local v_seen_map = v_comp == nil and _nil or v_comp if not seen_map then seen_map = {[v_seen_map] = true} return false, seen_map elseif seen_map[v_seen_map] then return true, seen_map end seen_map[v_seen_map] = true return false, seen_map end -- Differs from [[Module:table/contains]], as keys might be nil. local function seen_array_contains(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) for i = 1, seen_array_n do if comp_func(v_comp, seen_array[i]) then return true end end return false end local function default_seen_array_check(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) local v_comp_type = type(v_comp) if not __eq_types[v_comp_type] then return false, seen_array, seen_array_n elseif not seen_array then return false, {v_comp}, 1 -- If `comp_func` is `deep_equals` and `v_comp` is a table, `seen_array` -- must be checked. elseif comp_func == deep_equals and v_comp_type == "table" then if seen_array_contains(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) then return true, seen_array, seen_array_n end else -- If `v_comp` has an `__eq` metamethod (or could have one, if it's not -- possible to retrieve due to a protected metatable), then check with -- `seen_array_contains`. local success, __eq = get_metamethod(v_comp, "__eq") if ( not (success and __eq == nil) and seen_array_contains(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) ) then return true, seen_array, seen_array_n end end seen_array_n = seen_array_n + 1 seen_array[seen_array_n] = v_comp return false, seen_array, seen_array_n end local function other_seen_array_check(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) if not seen_array then return false, {v_comp}, 1 elseif seen_array_contains(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) then return true, seen_array, seen_array_n end seen_array_n = seen_array_n + 1 seen_array[seen_array_n] = v_comp return false, seen_array, seen_array_n end return function(list, options) -- Values are converted to comparison-keys using `key_func`, if supplied, or else the value itself is used as the comparison-key; these are then compared with `comp_func` to determine duplicates. -- To avoid comparing all comparison-keys with each other, which is O(n^2), `seen_map`, a lookup table, and `seen_array`, an array, are used as memos to store already-seen comparison-keys. -- Comparison-keys are stored in `seen_map` if comp_func(x, x) evaluates as true. -- This is always the case if `comp_func` is `rawequal`, `==` or `deep_equals`, unless the comparison-key is NaN. -- If `comp_func` is anything else, the value is checked against itself before storing it. -- If the comparison-key isn't found in `seen_map`, it's checked against each comparison-key stored in `seen_array`. -- This is never needed if `comp_func` is `rawequal`, which only returns true for primitive equality (i.e. `seen_map` is sufficient for everything). -- If `comp_func` is `==` or `deep_equals`, `seen_array` is used for data types which could have `__eq` metamethods, which can result in non-primitively equal values being deemed equal (i.e. new comparison-keys need to be compared in turn). -- If `comp_func` is anything else, all comparison-keys will need to be stored in `seen_array`. local key_func, comp_func, seen_array_check if options == nil then comp_func, seen_array_check = deep_equals or get_deep_equals(), default_seen_array_check else key_func, comp_func = options.key, options.comparison if comp_func == nil then comp_func, seen_array_check = deep_equals or get_deep_equals(), default_seen_array_check elseif comp_func == "==" then comp_func, seen_array_check = equal, default_seen_array_check -- `seen_array_check` is not necessary if `comp_func` is `rawequal`. elseif comp_func ~= rawequal then if comp_func == (deep_equals or get_deep_equals()) then seen_array_check = default_seen_array_check else seen_array_check = other_seen_array_check end end end local output, i, n, seen_map, seen_array, seen_array_n = {}, 1, 0 while true do local v = list[i] if v == nil then return output end local v_comp, seen = v if key_func ~= nil then v_comp = key_func(v_comp) end seen, seen_map = seen_map_check(seen_map, v_comp, comp_func) if not seen then if seen_array_check then seen, seen_array, seen_array_n = seen_array_check(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) end if not seen then n = n + 1 output[n] = v end end i = i + 1 end end 8he00zs6o0bh1d04bio2gq4rh3i45vu 7240725 7240520 2026-07-06T07:58:48Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Wt/mnc/ 7240725 Scribunto text/plain local table_deep_equals_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/table/deepEquals" local table_get_metamethod_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/table/getMetamethod" local rawequal = rawequal local require = require local type = type local function get_metamethod(...) get_metamethod = require(table_get_metamethod_module) return get_metamethod(...) end local deep_equals local function get_deep_equals() deep_equals, get_deep_equals = require(table_deep_equals_module), nil return deep_equals end local function equal(a, b) return a == b end -- Sentinel for nil. local _nil = {} local __eq_types = { table = true, userdata = true, } local function seen_map_check(seen_map, v_comp, comp_func) if not comp_func(v_comp, v_comp) then return false, seen_map end local v_seen_map = v_comp == nil and _nil or v_comp if not seen_map then seen_map = {[v_seen_map] = true} return false, seen_map elseif seen_map[v_seen_map] then return true, seen_map end seen_map[v_seen_map] = true return false, seen_map end -- Differs from [[Module:table/contains]], as keys might be nil. local function seen_array_contains(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) for i = 1, seen_array_n do if comp_func(v_comp, seen_array[i]) then return true end end return false end local function default_seen_array_check(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) local v_comp_type = type(v_comp) if not __eq_types[v_comp_type] then return false, seen_array, seen_array_n elseif not seen_array then return false, {v_comp}, 1 -- If `comp_func` is `deep_equals` and `v_comp` is a table, `seen_array` -- must be checked. elseif comp_func == deep_equals and v_comp_type == "table" then if seen_array_contains(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) then return true, seen_array, seen_array_n end else -- If `v_comp` has an `__eq` metamethod (or could have one, if it's not -- possible to retrieve due to a protected metatable), then check with -- `seen_array_contains`. local success, __eq = get_metamethod(v_comp, "__eq") if ( not (success and __eq == nil) and seen_array_contains(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) ) then return true, seen_array, seen_array_n end end seen_array_n = seen_array_n + 1 seen_array[seen_array_n] = v_comp return false, seen_array, seen_array_n end local function other_seen_array_check(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) if not seen_array then return false, {v_comp}, 1 elseif seen_array_contains(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) then return true, seen_array, seen_array_n end seen_array_n = seen_array_n + 1 seen_array[seen_array_n] = v_comp return false, seen_array, seen_array_n end return function(list, options) -- Values are converted to comparison-keys using `key_func`, if supplied, or else the value itself is used as the comparison-key; these are then compared with `comp_func` to determine duplicates. -- To avoid comparing all comparison-keys with each other, which is O(n^2), `seen_map`, a lookup table, and `seen_array`, an array, are used as memos to store already-seen comparison-keys. -- Comparison-keys are stored in `seen_map` if comp_func(x, x) evaluates as true. -- This is always the case if `comp_func` is `rawequal`, `==` or `deep_equals`, unless the comparison-key is NaN. -- If `comp_func` is anything else, the value is checked against itself before storing it. -- If the comparison-key isn't found in `seen_map`, it's checked against each comparison-key stored in `seen_array`. -- This is never needed if `comp_func` is `rawequal`, which only returns true for primitive equality (i.e. `seen_map` is sufficient for everything). -- If `comp_func` is `==` or `deep_equals`, `seen_array` is used for data types which could have `__eq` metamethods, which can result in non-primitively equal values being deemed equal (i.e. new comparison-keys need to be compared in turn). -- If `comp_func` is anything else, all comparison-keys will need to be stored in `seen_array`. local key_func, comp_func, seen_array_check if options == nil then comp_func, seen_array_check = deep_equals or get_deep_equals(), default_seen_array_check else key_func, comp_func = options.key, options.comparison if comp_func == nil then comp_func, seen_array_check = deep_equals or get_deep_equals(), default_seen_array_check elseif comp_func == "==" then comp_func, seen_array_check = equal, default_seen_array_check -- `seen_array_check` is not necessary if `comp_func` is `rawequal`. elseif comp_func ~= rawequal then if comp_func == (deep_equals or get_deep_equals()) then seen_array_check = default_seen_array_check else seen_array_check = other_seen_array_check end end end local output, i, n, seen_map, seen_array, seen_array_n = {}, 1, 0 while true do local v = list[i] if v == nil then return output end local v_comp, seen = v if key_func ~= nil then v_comp = key_func(v_comp) end seen, seen_map = seen_map_check(seen_map, v_comp, comp_func) if not seen then if seen_array_check then seen, seen_array, seen_array_n = seen_array_check(v_comp, seen_array, seen_array_n, comp_func) end if not seen then n = n + 1 output[n] = v end end i = i + 1 end end 2mirba3z00owcwovldeqivwvcf8hdg7 828 3786233 7240521 2026-07-05T21:54:08Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local getmetatable = getmetatable local next = next local pairs = pairs local type = type local function is_eq(a, b, seen, include_mt) -- If `a` and `b` have been compared before, return the memoized result. This will usually be true, since failures normally fail the whole check outright, but match failures are tolerated during the laborious check without this happening, since it compares key/value pairs until it finds a match, so it could be false. local memo_a = see..." 7240521 Scribunto text/plain local getmetatable = getmetatable local next = next local pairs = pairs local type = type local function is_eq(a, b, seen, include_mt) -- If `a` and `b` have been compared before, return the memoized result. This will usually be true, since failures normally fail the whole check outright, but match failures are tolerated during the laborious check without this happening, since it compares key/value pairs until it finds a match, so it could be false. local memo_a = seen[a] if memo_a then local result = memo_a[b] if result ~= nil then return result end -- To avoid recursive references causing infinite loops, assume the tables currently being compared are equivalent by memoizing the comparison as true; this will be corrected to false if there's a match failure. memo_a[b] = true else memo_a = {[b] = true} seen[a] = memo_a end -- Don't bother checking `memo_b` for `a`, since if `a` and `b` had been compared before then `b` would be in `memo_a`, but it isn't. local memo_b = seen[b] if memo_b then memo_b[a] = true else memo_b = {[a] = true} seen[b] = memo_b end -- If `include_mt` is set, check the metatables are equivalent. if include_mt then local mt_a, mt_b = getmetatable(a), getmetatable(b) if not (mt_a == mt_b or type(mt_a) == "table" and type(mt_b) == "table" and is_eq(mt_a, mt_b, seen, true)) then memo_a[b], memo_b[a] = false, false return false end end -- Copy all key/values pairs in `b` to `remaining_b`, and count the size: this uses `pairs`, which will also be used to iterate over `a`, ensuring that `a` and `b` are iterated over using the same iterator. This is necessary to ensure that `deepEquals(a, b)` and `deepEquals(b, a)` always give the same result. Simply iterating over `a` while accessing keys in `b` for comparison would ignore any `__pairs` metamethod that `b` has, which could cause asymmetrical outputs if `__pairs` returns more or less than the complete set of key/value pairs accessible via `__index`, so using `pairs` for both `a` and `b` prevents this. -- TODO: handle exotic `__pairs` methods which return the same key multiple times with different values. local remaining_b, size_b = {}, 0 for k_b, v_b in pairs(b) do remaining_b[k_b], size_b = v_b, size_b + 1 end -- Fast check: iterate over the keys in `a`, checking if an equivalent value exists at the same key in `remaining_b`. As matches are found, key/value pairs are removed from `remaining_b`. If any keys in `a` or `remaining_b` are tables, the fast check will only work if the exact same object exists as a key in the other table. Any others from `a` that don't match anything in `remaining_b` are added to `remaining_a`, while those in `remaining_b` that weren't found will still remain once the loop ends. `remaining_a` and `remaining_b` are then compared at the end with the laborious check. local size_a, remaining_a = 0 for k, v_a in pairs(a) do local v_b = remaining_b[k] -- If `k` isn't in `remaining_b`, `a` and `b` can't be equivalent unless it's a table. if v_b == nil then if type(k) ~= "table" then memo_a[b], memo_b[a] = false, false return false -- Otherwise, add the `k`/`v_a` pair to `remaining_a` for the laborious check. elseif not remaining_a then remaining_a = {} end remaining_a[k], size_a = v_a, size_a + 1 -- Otherwise, if `k` exists in `a` and `remaining_b`, `v_a` and `v_b` must be equivalent for there to be a match. elseif v_a == v_b or type(v_a) == "table" and type(v_b) == "table" and is_eq(v_a, v_b, seen, include_mt) then remaining_b[k], size_b = nil, size_b - 1 else memo_a[b], memo_b[a] = false, false return false end end -- Must be the same number of remaining keys in each table. if size_a ~= size_b then memo_a[b], memo_b[a] = false, false return false -- If the size is 0, there's nothing left to check. elseif size_a == 0 then return true end -- Laborious check: since it's not possible to use table lookups to check if two keys are equivalent when they're tables, check each key/value pair in `remaining_a` against every key/value pair in `remaining_b` until a match is found, removing the matching key/value pair from `remaining_b` each time, to ensure one-to-one equivalence. for k_a, v_a in next, remaining_a do local success for k_b, v_b in next, remaining_b do -- Keys/value pairs must be equivalent in order to match. if ( -- More efficient to compare the values first, as they might not be tables. (v_a == v_b or type(v_a) == "table" and type(v_b) == "table" and is_eq(v_a, v_b, seen, include_mt)) and (k_a == k_b or type(k_a) == "table" and type(k_b) == "table" and is_eq(k_a, k_b, seen, include_mt)) ) then -- Remove matched key from `remaining_b`, and break the inner loop. success, remaining_b[k_b] = true, nil break end end -- Fail if `remaining_b` runs out of keys, as the `k_a`/`v_a` pair still hasn't matched. if not success then memo_a[b], memo_b[a] = false, false return false end end -- If every key/value pair in `remaining_a` matched with one in `remaining_b`, `a` and `b` must be equivalent. Note that `remaining_b` will now be empty, since the laborious check only starts if `remaining_a` and `remaining_b` are the same size. return true end --[==[ Recursively compare two values that may be tables, and returns true if all key-value pairs are structurally equivalent. Note that this handles arbitrary nesting of subtables (including recursive nesting) to any depth, for keys as well as values. If `include_mt` is true, then metatables are also compared.]==] return function(a, b, include_mt) -- Do simple checks before calling is_eq to avoid generating an unnecessary memo. -- Simple equality check and type check; if not a ~= b, a and b can only be equivalent if they're both tables. return a == b or type(a) == "table" and type(b) == "table" and is_eq(a, b, {}, include_mt) end 6rgswepb0gwhbiojbyrcr1at7m4h27n 0 3786234 7240522 2026-07-05T21:59:42Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=鸭子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/niyehe|niyehe]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240522 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=鸭子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/niyehe|niyehe]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] mt9doohjj88ys7sxiblu2shp9s6fsaa 0 3786235 7240523 2026-07-05T21:59:59Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=灯盏}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/dengjan|dengjan]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240523 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=灯盏}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/dengjan|dengjan]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] 94v5qnuk29p6hbl2knjyctf2ywxiwc7 0 3786236 7240524 2026-07-05T22:00:14Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=春天}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/niyengniyeri|niyengniyeri]]" 7240524 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=春天}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/niyengniyeri|niyengniyeri]] bv55hcpgfbgt21ehmi29e40e2jqz0rc 0 3786237 7240525 2026-07-05T22:00:29Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=颜色}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/boco|boco]]; [[Wt/mnc/fiyan|fiyan]]" 7240525 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=颜色}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/boco|boco]]; [[Wt/mnc/fiyan|fiyan]] 1qrnaoqju9smnrj3ote07n4o0qtw5l8 0 3786238 7240526 2026-07-05T22:00:45Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=皇帝}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/han|han]]; [[Wt/mnc/ejen|ejen]]" 7240526 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=皇帝}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/han|han]]; [[Wt/mnc/ejen|ejen]] 4mh2iuf08tepcu4e8j36dii65rucd1k 7240532 7240526 2026-07-05T22:12:28Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 /* {{Wt/mnc/-noun-}} */ 7240532 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=皇帝}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/han|han]]; [[Wt/mnc/ejen|ejen]] #: {{Wt/mnc/ux|zh|康熙'''皇帝'''|ᠠᠮᡠᡥᡡᠯᠠᠩ '''ᡥᠠᠨ'''}} f7affpw5mnwq1p506p2n5vkioa0ob0r 0 3786239 7240527 2026-07-05T22:01:03Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=帽子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/mahala|mahala]]; [[Wt/mnc/mahatun|mahatun]]" 7240527 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=帽子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/mahala|mahala]]; [[Wt/mnc/mahatun|mahatun]] 6tx9ef7t73b05jkec5khutrmwto7ar3 0 3786240 7240528 2026-07-05T22:01:17Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=财产}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hethe|hethe]]" 7240528 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=财产}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hethe|hethe]] lwjvhn68z39bnfrggjswns1ltb9m9b2 0 3786241 7240529 2026-07-05T22:01:35Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=音乐}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/kumun|kumun]]" 7240529 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=音乐}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/kumun|kumun]] skel2sfqrmr8kh2caa2arli0aun0bm4 0 3786242 7240530 2026-07-05T22:01:52Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=母亲}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/eme|eme]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240530 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=母亲}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/eme|eme]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] 4a4f48u5muhpgjfitw1dblxlkznfbp8 0 3786243 7240531 2026-07-05T22:02:06Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=沙子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/yonggan|yonggan]]" 7240531 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=沙子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/yonggan|yonggan]] 5g7r77eeceifkewc10mo67pt96gh58p 10 3786244 7240533 2026-07-05T22:12:49Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:usex/templates|usex_t}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>" 7240533 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:usex/templates|usex_t}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 3aj9jheju5tain2njzvf9cyqnvo368k 7240534 7240533 2026-07-05T22:13:03Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240534 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/mnc/usex/templates|usex_t}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> dpy10p91kzhbm140anabidpjxp908dc 828 3786245 7240535 2026-07-05T22:14:00Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local links_module = "Module:links" local scripts_module = "Module:scripts" local script_utilities_module = "Module:script utilities" local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" local usex_data_module = "Module:usex/data" local m_str_utils = require(string_utilities_module) local rsubn = m_str_utils.gsub local rsplit = m_str_utils.split local rfind = m_str_utils.find local uupper = m_str_u..." 7240535 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local links_module = "Module:links" local scripts_module = "Module:scripts" local script_utilities_module = "Module:script utilities" local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" local usex_data_module = "Module:usex/data" local m_str_utils = require(string_utilities_module) local rsubn = m_str_utils.gsub local rsplit = m_str_utils.split local rfind = m_str_utils.find local uupper = m_str_utils.upper local ulen = m_str_utils.len local u = m_str_utils.char local translit_data = mw.loadData("Module:transliteration/data") local needs_translit = translit_data[1] local BRACKET_SUB = u(0xFFF0) local original_text = "<small>''original:''</small> " -- 100 more or less corresponds to the setting of 30 for the example text alone as formerly used in -- {{hi-x}} and {{ur-x}}, taking into account transliteration, gloss and formatting characters. -- FIXME: We should have different widths for desktop vs. mobile and generate the appropriate CSS so -- both are handled correctly. local MAX_INLINE_WIDTH = 100 -- In characters. HACK! FIXME! Do this a better way. -- List of scripts whose characters are double-width/full-width. local double_width_scripts = {"Hani", "Hrkt", "Hang"} -- microformat2 classes, see https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138709 local css_classes = { container_ux = 'h-usage-example', container_quotation = 'h-quotation', example = 'e-example', quotation = 'e-quotation', quotation_with_citation = 'e-quotation cited-passage', translation = 'e-translation', -- The following are added by [[Module:script utilities]], using [[Module:script utilities/data]] -- transliteration = 'e-transliteration', -- transcription = 'e-transcription', normalization = 'e-normalization', literally = 'e-literally', qualifier = 'e-qualifier', source = 'e-source', footer = 'e-footer' } -- helper functions local function track(page, code) local tracking_page = "usex/" .. page local debug_track = require(debug_track_module) debug_track(tracking_page) if code then debug_track(tracking_page .. "/" .. code) end return true end -- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end local function wrap(tag, class, text, lang) if lang then lang = ' lang="' .. lang .. '"' else lang = "" end if text and class then return table.concat{'<', tag, ' class="', class, '"', lang, '>', text, '</', tag, '>'} else return nil end end local function span(class, text) return wrap('span', class, text) end local function div(class, text) return wrap('div', class, text) end -- Remove any HTML from the formatted text and resolve links, since the extra characters don't contribute to the -- displayed length. local function convert_to_raw_text(text) text = rsub(text, "<.->", "") if text:find("%[%[") then text = require(links_module).remove_links(text) end return text end local function get_character_width(text) local charsets = {} for _, script in ipairs(double_width_scripts) do table.insert(charsets, require(scripts_module).getByCode(script):getCharacters()) end local single_width_chars = ulen(rsub(text, "[" .. table.concat(charsets) .. "]", "")) local total_chars = ulen(text) local double_width_chars = total_chars - single_width_chars return single_width_chars + 2 * double_width_chars end --[==[ Apply the substitutions in `subst` (from the {{para|subst}} parameter or similar) to the example or quotation in `usex` after removing links, returning the resulting text. `track`, if supplied, is a function of one argument that is used to insert tracking categories: one for any call to this function, another if a single / is used in the `subst` argument. ]==] function export.apply_subst(usex, subst, track) local subbed_usex = require(links_module).remove_links(usex) local function do_track(page) if track then track(page) end return true end if subst then -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/usex/subst]] do_track("subst") subst = rsplit(subst, ",") for _, subpair in ipairs(subst) do -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/usex/subst-single-slash]] local subsplit = rsplit(subpair, rfind(subpair, "//") and "//" or do_track("subst-single-slash") and "/") subbed_usex = rsub(subbed_usex, subsplit[1], subsplit[2]) end end return subbed_usex end --[=[ Process parameters for usex text (either the primary text or the original text) and associated annotations. On input, the following fields are recognized in `data` (all are optional except as marked): * `lang`: Language object of text; may be an etymology language (REQUIRED). * `termlang`: The language object of the term being illustrated, which may be different from the language of the main quotation text and should always be based off of the main text, not the original text. Used for categories. May be an etymology language (REQUIRED). * `usex`: Text of usex/quotation. * `sc`: Script object of text. * `tr`: Manual transliteration. * `ts`: Transcription. * `norm`: Normalized version of text. * `normsc`: Script object of normalized version of text, or "auto". * `subst`: String of substitutions for transliteration purposes. * `quote`: If non-nil, this is a quotation (using {{tl|quote}} or {{tl|quote-*}}) instead of a usage example (using {{tl|usex}}). If it has the specific value "quote-meta", this is a quotation with citation (invoked from {{tl|quote-*}}). This controls the CSS class used to display the quotation, as well as the face used to tag the usex (which in turn results in the usex being upright text if a quotation, and italic text if a usage example). * `title`: Title object of the current page (REQUIRED). * `q`: List of left qualifiers. * `qq`: List of right qualifiers. * `ref`: String to display directly after any right qualifier, with no space. (FIXME: Should be converted into an actual ref.) * `nocat`: Overall `data.nocat` value. * `categories`: List to insert categories into (REQUIRED). * `example_type`: Either "quotation" (if `quote` specified) or "usage example" (otherwise) (REQUIRED). On output, return an object with four fields: * `usex`: Formatted usex, including qualifiers attached to both sides and `ref` attached to the right. Always specified. * `tr`: Formatted transliteration; may be nil. * `ts`: Formatted transcription; may be nil. * `norm`: Formatted normalized version of usex; may be nil. ]=] local function process_usex_text(data) local lang = data.lang local termlang = data.termlang local usex = data.usex local sc = data.sc local sc_explicit = sc local tr = data.tr local ts = data.ts local norm = data.norm local normsc = data.normsc local subst = data.subst local quote = data.quote local leftq = data.q local rightq = data.qq local ref = data.ref local nocat = data.nocat local categories = data.categories local example_type = data.example_type local title = data.title if normsc == "auto" then normsc = nil elseif not normsc then normsc = sc end if not sc then sc = lang:findBestScript(usex) end if not normsc and norm then normsc = lang:findBestScript(norm) end local langcode = lang:getFullCode() -- tr=- means omit transliteration altogether if tr == "-" then tr = nil else -- Try to auto-transliterate. if tr then -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/usex/manual-tr]] -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/usex/manual-tr/LANGCODE]] track("manual-tr", langcode) else -- First, try transliterating the normalization, if supplied. if norm and normsc then local normsc_code = normsc:getCode() if normsc_code ~= "None" and not normsc_code:find("Lat") then -- Latn, Latf, Latg, pjt-Latn local subbed_norm = export.apply_subst(norm, subst, track) tr = lang:transliterate(subbed_norm, normsc) end end -- If no normalization, or the normalization is in a Latin script, or the transliteration of the -- normalization failed, fall back to transliterating the usex. if not tr and usex then local subbed_usex = export.apply_subst(usex, subst, track) tr = lang:transliterate(subbed_usex, sc) end -- If the language doesn't have capitalization and is specified in [[Module:usex/data]], then capitalize any sentences. -- Exclamation marks and question marks need to be unescaped then re-escaped. if tr and mw.loadData(usex_data_module).capitalize_sentences[langcode] then tr = tr:gsub("&#x21;", "!") :gsub("&#x3F;", "?") tr = rsub(tr, "%f[^%z%p%s](.)(.-[%.%?!‽])", function(m1, m2) return uupper(m1) .. m2 end) tr = tr:gsub("!", "&#x21;") :gsub("%?", "&#x3F;") end end -- If there is still no transliteration, then add a cleanup category. if not tr and needs_translit[langcode] then local sccode = sc:getCode() if sccode ~= "None" and not sccode:find("Lat") then table.insert(categories, ("Requests for transliteration of %s %ss"):format(lang:getCanonicalName(), example_type)) end end end if tr and norm then track("tr-and-norm") end if tr then tr = require(script_utilities_module).tag_translit(tr, langcode, "usex") end if ts then ts = require(script_utilities_module).tag_transcription(ts, langcode, "usex") ts = "/" .. ts .. "/" end local function do_language_and_script_tagging(usex, lang, sc, css_class) usex = require(links_module).embedded_language_links{term = usex, lang = lang, sc = sc} local face if quote then face = nil else face = "term" end usex = require(script_utilities_module).tag_text(usex, lang, sc, face, css_class) return usex end if usex then usex = do_language_and_script_tagging(usex, lang, sc, quote == "quote-meta" and css_classes.quotation_with_citation or quote and css_classes.quotation or css_classes.example) if not nocat then -- Only add [[Citations:foo]] to [[:Category:LANG terms with quotations]] if [[foo]] exists. local ok_to_add_cat if title.nsText ~= "Citations" then ok_to_add_cat = true else -- Here we don't want to use the subpage text because we check [[Citations:foo]] against [[foo]] and -- if there's a slash in what follows 'Citations:', we want to check against the full page with the -- slash. local mainspace_title = mw.title.new(title.text) if mainspace_title and mainspace_title.exists then ok_to_add_cat = true end end if ok_to_add_cat then -- Categories beginning with the language name should use full languages as that's what the poscat -- system requires, but 'Requests for' categories can use etymology-only languages. table.insert(categories, ("%s terms with %ss"):format(termlang:getFullName(), example_type)) end end else if tr then table.insert(categories, ("Requests for %s in %s %ss"):format( sc_explicit and sc_explicit:getDisplayForm() or "native script", lang:getCanonicalName(), example_type)) end -- TODO: Trigger some kind of error here usex = "<small>(please add the primary text of this " .. example_type .. ")</small>" end if norm then -- Use brackets in HTML entity format just to make sure we don't interfere with links; add brackets before -- script tagging so that if the script tagging increases the font size, the brackets get increased too. norm = "&#91;" .. norm .. "&#93;" norm = do_language_and_script_tagging(norm, lang, normsc, css_classes.normalization) end local result = {} if leftq and #leftq > 0 then table.insert(result, span(css_classes.qualifier, require("Module:qualifier").format_qualifier(leftq)) .. " ") end table.insert(result, usex) if rightq and #rightq > 0 then table.insert(result, " " .. span(css_classes.qualifier, require("Module:qualifier").format_qualifier(rightq))) end if ref and ref ~= "" then track("ref") table.insert(result, ref) end return { usex = table.concat(result), tr = tr, ts = ts, norm = norm } end local function format_audio(audio) if audio then return " [[File:" .. audio .. "|25px]]" else return "" end end --[==[ Format a usex or quotation. Implementation of {{tl|ux}}, {{tl|quote}} and {{tl|quote-*}} templates (e.g. {{tl|quote-book}}, {{tl|quote-journal}}, {{tl|quote-web}}, etc.). FIXME: Should also be used by {{tl|Q}} and [[Module:Quotations]]. Takes a single object `data`, containining the following fields: * `usex`: The text of the usex or quotation to format. Semi-mandatory (a maintenance line is displayed if missing). * `lang`: The language object of the text. Mandatory. May be an etymology language. * `termlang`: The language object of the term, which may be different from the language of the text. Defaults to `lang`. Used for categories. May be an etymology language. * `sc`: The script object of the text. Autodetected if not given. * `quote`: If specified, this is a quotation rather than a usex (uses a different CSS class that affects formatting). * `inline`: If specified, format the usex or quotation inline (on one line). * `translation`: Translation of the usex or quotation, if in a foreign language. * `lit`: Literal translation (if the translation in `translation` is idiomatic and differs significantly from the literal translation). * `normalization`: Normalized version of the usex or quotation (esp. for older languages where nonstandard spellings were common). * `normsc`: Script object of the normalized text. If unspecified, use the script object given in `sc` if any, otherwise do script detection on the normalized text. If "auto", do script detection on the normalized text even if a script was specified in `sc`. * `transliteration`: Transliteration of the usex. If unspecified, transliterate the normalization if specified and not in a Latin script and transliterable, otherwise fall back to transliterating the usex text. * `transcription`: Transcription of the usex, for languages where the transliteration differs significantly from the pronunciation. * `subst`: String indicating substitutions to perform on the usex/quotation and normalization prior to transliterating them. Multiple substs are comma-separated and individual substs are of the form FROM//TO where FROM is a Lua pattern and TO is a Lua replacement spec. (FROM/TO is also recognized if no // is present in the substitution.) * `q`: If specified, a list of left qualifiers to display before the usex/quotation text. * `qq`: If specified, a list of right qualifiers to display after the usex/quotation text. * `qualifiers`: If specified, a list of right qualifiers to display after the usex/quotation text, for compatibility purposes. * `ref`: Reference text to display directly after the right qualifiers. (FIXME: Instead, this should be actual references.) * `audio`: Name of the audio file containing the usex in spoken form. * `orig`: Original text, if the primary text of the usex or quotation is a translation. * `origlang`: The language object of the original text. Mandatory if original text given. May be an etymology language. * `origsc`: The script object of the original text. Autodetected if not given. * `orignorm`: Normalized version of the original text (esp. for older languages where nonstandard spellings were common). * `orignormsc`: Script object of the normalized original text. If unspecified, use the script object given in `origsc` if any, otherwise do script detection on the normalized original text. If "auto", do script detection on the normalized text even if a script was specified in `origsc`. * `origtr`: Transliteration of the original text. If unspecified, transliterate the normalized original text if specified and not in a Latin script and transliterable, otherwise fall back to transliterating the original text. * `origts`: Transcription of the original text, for languages where the transliteration differs significantly from the pronunciation. * `origsubst`: String indicating substitutions to perform on the original text and normalization thereof prior to transliterating them. Multiple substs are comma-separated and individual substs are of the form FROM//TO where FROM is a Lua pattern and TO is a Lua replacement spec. (FROM/TO is also recognized if no // is present in the substitution.) * `origq`: If specified, a list of left qualifiers to display before the original text. * `origqq`: If specified, a list of right qualifiers to display after the original text. * `origref`: Reference text to display directly after the right qualifiers of the original text. (FIXME: Instead, this should be actual references.) * `source`: Source of the quotation, displayed in parens after the quotation text. * `footer`: Footer displaying miscellaneous information, shown after the quotation. (Typically this should be in a small font.) * `nocat`: Suppress categorization. * `noreq`: Suppress request for translation when no translation provided. * `sortkey`: Sort key for categories. * `brackets`: If specified, show a bracket at the end (used with brackets= in {{tl|quote-*}} templates, which show the bracket at the beginning, to indicate a mention rather than a use). * `class`: Additional CSS class surrounding the entire formatted text. ]==] function export.format_usex(data) local lang = data.lang local termlang = data.termlang or lang local translation = data.translation local quote = data.quote local lit = data.lit local audio = data.audio local source = data.source local brackets = data.brackets local footer = data.footer local sortkey = data.sortkey local noreq = data.noreq local title if data.pagename then -- for testing, doc pages, etc. title = mw.title.new(data.pagename) if not title then error(("Bad value for `data.pagename`: '%s'"):format(data.pagename)) end else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end --[[ if title.nsText == "Reconstruction" or lang:hasType("reconstructed") then error("Reconstructed languages and reconstructed terms cannot have usage examples, as we have no record of their use.") end ]] if lit then lit = "(literally, “" .. span(css_classes.literally, lit) .. "”)" end if source then source = "(" .. span(css_classes.source, source) .. ")" end if footer then footer = span(css_classes.footer, footer) end local example_type = quote and "quotation" or "usage example" -- used in error messages and categories local categories = {} local usex_obj = process_usex_text { lang = lang, termlang = termlang, usex = data.usex, sc = data.sc, tr = data.transliteration, ts = data.transcription, norm = data.normalization, normsc = data.normsc, subst = data.subst, quote = data.quote, title = title, q = data.q, qq = data.qq, ref = data.ref, nocat = data.nocat, categories = categories, example_type = example_type, } local orig_obj = data.orig and process_usex_text { lang = data.origlang, -- Any categories derived from the original text should use the language of the main text or the term inside it, -- not the language of the original text. termlang = termlang, usex = data.orig, sc = data.origsc, tr = data.origtr, ts = data.origts, norm = data.orignorm, normsc = data.orignormsc, subst = data.origsubst, quote = data.quote, title = title, q = data.origq, qq = data.origqq, ref = data.origref, nocat = data.nocat, categories = categories, example_type = example_type, } or nil if translation == "-" then translation = nil table.insert(categories, ("%s %ss with omitted translation"):format(lang:getFullName(), example_type)) elseif translation then translation = span(css_classes.translation, translation) elseif not noreq then local langcode = lang:getFullCode() local origlangcode = data.origlang and data.origlang:getFullCode() if langcode ~= "en" and langcode ~= "mul" and langcode ~= "und" and origlangcode ~= "en" then -- add trreq category if translation is unspecified and language is not english, translingual or -- undetermined table.insert(categories, ("Requests for translations of %s %ss"):format(lang:getCanonicalName(), example_type)) if quote then translation = "<small>(please [[WT:Quotations#Adding translations to quotations|add an English translation]] of this " .. example_type .. ")</small>" else translation = "<small>(please add an English translation of this " .. example_type .. ")</small>" end end end local function generate_inline_usex() local result = {} local function ins(text) table.insert(result, text) end ins(usex_obj.usex) ins(format_audio(audio)) local function insert_annotations(obj) if obj.norm then ins(" " .. obj.norm) end if obj.tr or obj.ts then ins(" ―") if obj.tr then ins(" " .. obj.tr) end if obj.ts then ins(" " .. obj.ts) end end end insert_annotations(usex_obj) if orig_obj then ins(" (") ins("[" .. original_text .. orig_obj.usex .. "]") insert_annotations(orig_obj) ins(")") end if translation then ins(" ― " .. translation) end if lit then ins(" " .. lit) end if source then ins(" " .. source) end if footer then ins(" " .. footer) end if data.brackets then ins("]") end return table.concat(result) end local function generate_multiline_usex() local result = {} local function ins(text) table.insert(result, text) end ins(usex_obj.usex) ins(format_audio(audio)) local any_usex_annotations = usex_obj.tr or usex_obj.ts or usex_obj.norm or translation or lit local any_orig_annotations = orig_obj and (orig_obj.tr or orig_obj.ts or orig_obj.norm) if any_usex_annotations or orig_obj or source or footer then ins("<dl>") local function insert_dd(text) if text then ins("<dd>") ins(text) if data.brackets then ins(BRACKET_SUB) end ins("</dd>") end end insert_dd(usex_obj.norm) insert_dd(usex_obj.tr) insert_dd(usex_obj.ts) if orig_obj then insert_dd("[" .. original_text .. orig_obj.usex .. "]") if any_orig_annotations then ins("<dd><dl>") insert_dd(orig_obj.norm) insert_dd(orig_obj.tr) insert_dd(orig_obj.ts) ins("</dl></dd>") end end insert_dd(translation) insert_dd(lit) if source or footer then if any_usex_annotations then ins("<dd><dl>") end insert_dd(source) insert_dd(footer) if any_usex_annotations then ins("</dl></dd>") end end ins("</dl>") elseif data.brackets then ins(BRACKET_SUB) end result = table.concat(result) if data.brackets then result = result:gsub("^(.*)" .. BRACKET_SUB, "%1]"):gsub(BRACKET_SUB, "") end return result end local is_inline if data.inline == "auto" then result = generate_inline_usex() if get_character_width(convert_to_raw_text(result)) > MAX_INLINE_WIDTH then result = generate_multiline_usex() is_inline = false else is_inline = true end elseif data.inline then result = generate_inline_usex() is_inline = true else result = generate_multiline_usex() is_inline = false end local class = quote and css_classes.container_quotation or css_classes.container_ux if data.class then class = class .. " " .. data.class end result = (is_inline and span or div)(class, result) return result .. require("Module:utilities").format_categories(categories, lang, sortkey) end return export o14rj399xkfd16bbul4vgyizscnixhy 7240538 7240535 2026-07-05T22:16:00Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240538 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local debug_track_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track" local links_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/links" local scripts_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/scripts" local script_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/script utilities" local string_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities" local usex_data_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/usex/data" local m_str_utils = require(string_utilities_module) local rsubn = m_str_utils.gsub local rsplit = m_str_utils.split local rfind = m_str_utils.find local uupper = m_str_utils.upper local ulen = m_str_utils.len local u = m_str_utils.char local translit_data = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/transliteration/data") local needs_translit = translit_data[1] local BRACKET_SUB = u(0xFFF0) local original_text = "<small>''original:''</small> " -- 100 more or less corresponds to the setting of 30 for the example text alone as formerly used in -- {{hi-x}} and {{ur-x}}, taking into account transliteration, gloss and formatting characters. -- FIXME: We should have different widths for desktop vs. mobile and generate the appropriate CSS so -- both are handled correctly. local MAX_INLINE_WIDTH = 100 -- In characters. HACK! FIXME! Do this a better way. -- List of scripts whose characters are double-width/full-width. local double_width_scripts = {"Hani", "Hrkt", "Hang"} -- microformat2 classes, see https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138709 local css_classes = { container_ux = 'h-usage-example', container_quotation = 'h-quotation', example = 'e-example', quotation = 'e-quotation', quotation_with_citation = 'e-quotation cited-passage', translation = 'e-translation', -- The following are added by [[Module:Wt/mnc/script utilities]], using [[Module:Wt/mnc/script utilities/data]] -- transliteration = 'e-transliteration', -- transcription = 'e-transcription', normalization = 'e-normalization', literally = 'e-literally', qualifier = 'e-qualifier', source = 'e-source', footer = 'e-footer' } -- helper functions local function track(page, code) local tracking_page = "usex/" .. page local debug_track = require(debug_track_module) debug_track(tracking_page) if code then debug_track(tracking_page .. "/" .. code) end return true end -- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end local function wrap(tag, class, text, lang) if lang then lang = ' lang="' .. lang .. '"' else lang = "" end if text and class then return table.concat{'<', tag, ' class="', class, '"', lang, '>', text, '</', tag, '>'} else return nil end end local function span(class, text) return wrap('span', class, text) end local function div(class, text) return wrap('div', class, text) end -- Remove any HTML from the formatted text and resolve links, since the extra characters don't contribute to the -- displayed length. local function convert_to_raw_text(text) text = rsub(text, "<.->", "") if text:find("%[%[") then text = require(links_module).remove_links(text) end return text end local function get_character_width(text) local charsets = {} for _, script in ipairs(double_width_scripts) do table.insert(charsets, require(scripts_module).getByCode(script):getCharacters()) end local single_width_chars = ulen(rsub(text, "[" .. table.concat(charsets) .. "]", "")) local total_chars = ulen(text) local double_width_chars = total_chars - single_width_chars return single_width_chars + 2 * double_width_chars end --[==[ Apply the substitutions in `subst` (from the {{para|subst}} parameter or similar) to the example or quotation in `usex` after removing links, returning the resulting text. `track`, if supplied, is a function of one argument that is used to insert tracking categories: one for any call to this function, another if a single / is used in the `subst` argument. ]==] function export.apply_subst(usex, subst, track) local subbed_usex = require(links_module).remove_links(usex) local function do_track(page) if track then track(page) end return true end if subst then -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/usex/subst]] do_track("subst") subst = rsplit(subst, ",") for _, subpair in ipairs(subst) do -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/usex/subst-single-slash]] local subsplit = rsplit(subpair, rfind(subpair, "//") and "//" or do_track("subst-single-slash") and "/") subbed_usex = rsub(subbed_usex, subsplit[1], subsplit[2]) end end return subbed_usex end --[=[ Process parameters for usex text (either the primary text or the original text) and associated annotations. On input, the following fields are recognized in `data` (all are optional except as marked): * `lang`: Language object of text; may be an etymology language (REQUIRED). * `termlang`: The language object of the term being illustrated, which may be different from the language of the main quotation text and should always be based off of the main text, not the original text. Used for categories. May be an etymology language (REQUIRED). * `usex`: Text of usex/quotation. * `sc`: Script object of text. * `tr`: Manual transliteration. * `ts`: Transcription. * `norm`: Normalized version of text. * `normsc`: Script object of normalized version of text, or "auto". * `subst`: String of substitutions for transliteration purposes. * `quote`: If non-nil, this is a quotation (using {{tl|quote}} or {{tl|quote-*}}) instead of a usage example (using {{tl|usex}}). If it has the specific value "quote-meta", this is a quotation with citation (invoked from {{tl|quote-*}}). This controls the CSS class used to display the quotation, as well as the face used to tag the usex (which in turn results in the usex being upright text if a quotation, and italic text if a usage example). * `title`: Title object of the current page (REQUIRED). * `q`: List of left qualifiers. * `qq`: List of right qualifiers. * `ref`: String to display directly after any right qualifier, with no space. (FIXME: Should be converted into an actual ref.) * `nocat`: Overall `data.nocat` value. * `categories`: List to insert categories into (REQUIRED). * `example_type`: Either "quotation" (if `quote` specified) or "usage example" (otherwise) (REQUIRED). On output, return an object with four fields: * `usex`: Formatted usex, including qualifiers attached to both sides and `ref` attached to the right. Always specified. * `tr`: Formatted transliteration; may be nil. * `ts`: Formatted transcription; may be nil. * `norm`: Formatted normalized version of usex; may be nil. ]=] local function process_usex_text(data) local lang = data.lang local termlang = data.termlang local usex = data.usex local sc = data.sc local sc_explicit = sc local tr = data.tr local ts = data.ts local norm = data.norm local normsc = data.normsc local subst = data.subst local quote = data.quote local leftq = data.q local rightq = data.qq local ref = data.ref local nocat = data.nocat local categories = data.categories local example_type = data.example_type local title = data.title if normsc == "auto" then normsc = nil elseif not normsc then normsc = sc end if not sc then sc = lang:findBestScript(usex) end if not normsc and norm then normsc = lang:findBestScript(norm) end local langcode = lang:getFullCode() -- tr=- means omit transliteration altogether if tr == "-" then tr = nil else -- Try to auto-transliterate. if tr then -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/usex/manual-tr]] -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/usex/manual-tr/LANGCODE]] track("manual-tr", langcode) else -- First, try transliterating the normalization, if supplied. if norm and normsc then local normsc_code = normsc:getCode() if normsc_code ~= "None" and not normsc_code:find("Lat") then -- Latn, Latf, Latg, pjt-Latn local subbed_norm = export.apply_subst(norm, subst, track) tr = lang:transliterate(subbed_norm, normsc) end end -- If no normalization, or the normalization is in a Latin script, or the transliteration of the -- normalization failed, fall back to transliterating the usex. if not tr and usex then local subbed_usex = export.apply_subst(usex, subst, track) tr = lang:transliterate(subbed_usex, sc) end -- If the language doesn't have capitalization and is specified in [[Module:Wt/mnc/usex/data]], then capitalize any sentences. -- Exclamation marks and question marks need to be unescaped then re-escaped. if tr and mw.loadData(usex_data_module).capitalize_sentences[langcode] then tr = tr:gsub("&#x21;", "!") :gsub("&#x3F;", "?") tr = rsub(tr, "%f[^%z%p%s](.)(.-[%.%?!‽])", function(m1, m2) return uupper(m1) .. m2 end) tr = tr:gsub("!", "&#x21;") :gsub("%?", "&#x3F;") end end -- If there is still no transliteration, then add a cleanup category. if not tr and needs_translit[langcode] then local sccode = sc:getCode() if sccode ~= "None" and not sccode:find("Lat") then table.insert(categories, ("Requests for transliteration of %s %ss"):format(lang:getCanonicalName(), example_type)) end end end if tr and norm then track("tr-and-norm") end if tr then tr = require(script_utilities_module).tag_translit(tr, langcode, "usex") end if ts then ts = require(script_utilities_module).tag_transcription(ts, langcode, "usex") ts = "/" .. ts .. "/" end local function do_language_and_script_tagging(usex, lang, sc, css_class) usex = require(links_module).embedded_language_links{term = usex, lang = lang, sc = sc} local face if quote then face = nil else face = "term" end usex = require(script_utilities_module).tag_text(usex, lang, sc, face, css_class) return usex end if usex then usex = do_language_and_script_tagging(usex, lang, sc, quote == "quote-meta" and css_classes.quotation_with_citation or quote and css_classes.quotation or css_classes.example) if not nocat then -- Only add [[Citations:foo]] to [[:Category:LANG terms with quotations]] if [[foo]] exists. local ok_to_add_cat if title.nsText ~= "Citations" then ok_to_add_cat = true else -- Here we don't want to use the subpage text because we check [[Citations:foo]] against [[foo]] and -- if there's a slash in what follows 'Citations:', we want to check against the full page with the -- slash. local mainspace_title = mw.title.new(title.text) if mainspace_title and mainspace_title.exists then ok_to_add_cat = true end end if ok_to_add_cat then -- Categories beginning with the language name should use full languages as that's what the poscat -- system requires, but 'Requests for' categories can use etymology-only languages. table.insert(categories, ("%s terms with %ss"):format(termlang:getFullName(), example_type)) end end else if tr then table.insert(categories, ("Requests for %s in %s %ss"):format( sc_explicit and sc_explicit:getDisplayForm() or "native script", lang:getCanonicalName(), example_type)) end -- TODO: Trigger some kind of error here usex = "<small>(please add the primary text of this " .. example_type .. ")</small>" end if norm then -- Use brackets in HTML entity format just to make sure we don't interfere with links; add brackets before -- script tagging so that if the script tagging increases the font size, the brackets get increased too. norm = "&#91;" .. norm .. "&#93;" norm = do_language_and_script_tagging(norm, lang, normsc, css_classes.normalization) end local result = {} if leftq and #leftq > 0 then table.insert(result, span(css_classes.qualifier, require("Module:Wt/mnc/qualifier").format_qualifier(leftq)) .. " ") end table.insert(result, usex) if rightq and #rightq > 0 then table.insert(result, " " .. span(css_classes.qualifier, require("Module:Wt/mnc/qualifier").format_qualifier(rightq))) end if ref and ref ~= "" then track("ref") table.insert(result, ref) end return { usex = table.concat(result), tr = tr, ts = ts, norm = norm } end local function format_audio(audio) if audio then return " [[File:" .. audio .. "|25px]]" else return "" end end --[==[ Format a usex or quotation. Implementation of {{tl|ux}}, {{tl|quote}} and {{tl|quote-*}} templates (e.g. {{tl|quote-book}}, {{tl|quote-journal}}, {{tl|quote-web}}, etc.). FIXME: Should also be used by {{tl|Q}} and [[Module:Wt/mnc/Quotations]]. Takes a single object `data`, containining the following fields: * `usex`: The text of the usex or quotation to format. Semi-mandatory (a maintenance line is displayed if missing). * `lang`: The language object of the text. Mandatory. May be an etymology language. * `termlang`: The language object of the term, which may be different from the language of the text. Defaults to `lang`. Used for categories. May be an etymology language. * `sc`: The script object of the text. Autodetected if not given. * `quote`: If specified, this is a quotation rather than a usex (uses a different CSS class that affects formatting). * `inline`: If specified, format the usex or quotation inline (on one line). * `translation`: Translation of the usex or quotation, if in a foreign language. * `lit`: Literal translation (if the translation in `translation` is idiomatic and differs significantly from the literal translation). * `normalization`: Normalized version of the usex or quotation (esp. for older languages where nonstandard spellings were common). * `normsc`: Script object of the normalized text. If unspecified, use the script object given in `sc` if any, otherwise do script detection on the normalized text. If "auto", do script detection on the normalized text even if a script was specified in `sc`. * `transliteration`: Transliteration of the usex. If unspecified, transliterate the normalization if specified and not in a Latin script and transliterable, otherwise fall back to transliterating the usex text. * `transcription`: Transcription of the usex, for languages where the transliteration differs significantly from the pronunciation. * `subst`: String indicating substitutions to perform on the usex/quotation and normalization prior to transliterating them. Multiple substs are comma-separated and individual substs are of the form FROM//TO where FROM is a Lua pattern and TO is a Lua replacement spec. (FROM/TO is also recognized if no // is present in the substitution.) * `q`: If specified, a list of left qualifiers to display before the usex/quotation text. * `qq`: If specified, a list of right qualifiers to display after the usex/quotation text. * `qualifiers`: If specified, a list of right qualifiers to display after the usex/quotation text, for compatibility purposes. * `ref`: Reference text to display directly after the right qualifiers. (FIXME: Instead, this should be actual references.) * `audio`: Name of the audio file containing the usex in spoken form. * `orig`: Original text, if the primary text of the usex or quotation is a translation. * `origlang`: The language object of the original text. Mandatory if original text given. May be an etymology language. * `origsc`: The script object of the original text. Autodetected if not given. * `orignorm`: Normalized version of the original text (esp. for older languages where nonstandard spellings were common). * `orignormsc`: Script object of the normalized original text. If unspecified, use the script object given in `origsc` if any, otherwise do script detection on the normalized original text. If "auto", do script detection on the normalized text even if a script was specified in `origsc`. * `origtr`: Transliteration of the original text. If unspecified, transliterate the normalized original text if specified and not in a Latin script and transliterable, otherwise fall back to transliterating the original text. * `origts`: Transcription of the original text, for languages where the transliteration differs significantly from the pronunciation. * `origsubst`: String indicating substitutions to perform on the original text and normalization thereof prior to transliterating them. Multiple substs are comma-separated and individual substs are of the form FROM//TO where FROM is a Lua pattern and TO is a Lua replacement spec. (FROM/TO is also recognized if no // is present in the substitution.) * `origq`: If specified, a list of left qualifiers to display before the original text. * `origqq`: If specified, a list of right qualifiers to display after the original text. * `origref`: Reference text to display directly after the right qualifiers of the original text. (FIXME: Instead, this should be actual references.) * `source`: Source of the quotation, displayed in parens after the quotation text. * `footer`: Footer displaying miscellaneous information, shown after the quotation. (Typically this should be in a small font.) * `nocat`: Suppress categorization. * `noreq`: Suppress request for translation when no translation provided. * `sortkey`: Sort key for categories. * `brackets`: If specified, show a bracket at the end (used with brackets= in {{tl|quote-*}} templates, which show the bracket at the beginning, to indicate a mention rather than a use). * `class`: Additional CSS class surrounding the entire formatted text. ]==] function export.format_usex(data) local lang = data.lang local termlang = data.termlang or lang local translation = data.translation local quote = data.quote local lit = data.lit local audio = data.audio local source = data.source local brackets = data.brackets local footer = data.footer local sortkey = data.sortkey local noreq = data.noreq local title if data.pagename then -- for testing, doc pages, etc. title = mw.title.new(data.pagename) if not title then error(("Bad value for `data.pagename`: '%s'"):format(data.pagename)) end else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end --[[ if title.nsText == "Reconstruction" or lang:hasType("reconstructed") then error("Reconstructed languages and reconstructed terms cannot have usage examples, as we have no record of their use.") end ]] if lit then lit = "(literally, “" .. span(css_classes.literally, lit) .. "”)" end if source then source = "(" .. span(css_classes.source, source) .. ")" end if footer then footer = span(css_classes.footer, footer) end local example_type = quote and "quotation" or "usage example" -- used in error messages and categories local categories = {} local usex_obj = process_usex_text { lang = lang, termlang = termlang, usex = data.usex, sc = data.sc, tr = data.transliteration, ts = data.transcription, norm = data.normalization, normsc = data.normsc, subst = data.subst, quote = data.quote, title = title, q = data.q, qq = data.qq, ref = data.ref, nocat = data.nocat, categories = categories, example_type = example_type, } local orig_obj = data.orig and process_usex_text { lang = data.origlang, -- Any categories derived from the original text should use the language of the main text or the term inside it, -- not the language of the original text. termlang = termlang, usex = data.orig, sc = data.origsc, tr = data.origtr, ts = data.origts, norm = data.orignorm, normsc = data.orignormsc, subst = data.origsubst, quote = data.quote, title = title, q = data.origq, qq = data.origqq, ref = data.origref, nocat = data.nocat, categories = categories, example_type = example_type, } or nil if translation == "-" then translation = nil table.insert(categories, ("%s %ss with omitted translation"):format(lang:getFullName(), example_type)) elseif translation then translation = span(css_classes.translation, translation) elseif not noreq then local langcode = lang:getFullCode() local origlangcode = data.origlang and data.origlang:getFullCode() if langcode ~= "en" and langcode ~= "mul" and langcode ~= "und" and origlangcode ~= "en" then -- add trreq category if translation is unspecified and language is not english, translingual or -- undetermined table.insert(categories, ("Requests for translations of %s %ss"):format(lang:getCanonicalName(), example_type)) if quote then translation = "<small>(please [[WT:Quotations#Adding translations to quotations|add an English translation]] of this " .. example_type .. ")</small>" else translation = "<small>(please add an English translation of this " .. example_type .. ")</small>" end end end local function generate_inline_usex() local result = {} local function ins(text) table.insert(result, text) end ins(usex_obj.usex) ins(format_audio(audio)) local function insert_annotations(obj) if obj.norm then ins(" " .. obj.norm) end if obj.tr or obj.ts then ins(" ―") if obj.tr then ins(" " .. obj.tr) end if obj.ts then ins(" " .. obj.ts) end end end insert_annotations(usex_obj) if orig_obj then ins(" (") ins("[" .. original_text .. orig_obj.usex .. "]") insert_annotations(orig_obj) ins(")") end if translation then ins(" ― " .. translation) end if lit then ins(" " .. lit) end if source then ins(" " .. source) end if footer then ins(" " .. footer) end if data.brackets then ins("]") end return table.concat(result) end local function generate_multiline_usex() local result = {} local function ins(text) table.insert(result, text) end ins(usex_obj.usex) ins(format_audio(audio)) local any_usex_annotations = usex_obj.tr or usex_obj.ts or usex_obj.norm or translation or lit local any_orig_annotations = orig_obj and (orig_obj.tr or orig_obj.ts or orig_obj.norm) if any_usex_annotations or orig_obj or source or footer then ins("<dl>") local function insert_dd(text) if text then ins("<dd>") ins(text) if data.brackets then ins(BRACKET_SUB) end ins("</dd>") end end insert_dd(usex_obj.norm) insert_dd(usex_obj.tr) insert_dd(usex_obj.ts) if orig_obj then insert_dd("[" .. original_text .. orig_obj.usex .. "]") if any_orig_annotations then ins("<dd><dl>") insert_dd(orig_obj.norm) insert_dd(orig_obj.tr) insert_dd(orig_obj.ts) ins("</dl></dd>") end end insert_dd(translation) insert_dd(lit) if source or footer then if any_usex_annotations then ins("<dd><dl>") end insert_dd(source) insert_dd(footer) if any_usex_annotations then ins("</dl></dd>") end end ins("</dl>") elseif data.brackets then ins(BRACKET_SUB) end result = table.concat(result) if data.brackets then result = result:gsub("^(.*)" .. BRACKET_SUB, "%1]"):gsub(BRACKET_SUB, "") end return result end local is_inline if data.inline == "auto" then result = generate_inline_usex() if get_character_width(convert_to_raw_text(result)) > MAX_INLINE_WIDTH then result = generate_multiline_usex() is_inline = false else is_inline = true end elseif data.inline then result = generate_inline_usex() is_inline = true else result = generate_multiline_usex() is_inline = false end local class = quote and css_classes.container_quotation or css_classes.container_ux if data.class then class = class .. " " .. data.class end result = (is_inline and span or div)(class, result) return result .. require("Module:Wt/mnc/utilities").format_categories(categories, lang, sortkey) end return export ke00sxi2ywi9tuje71o6o2t2lygxxp6 828 3786246 7240536 2026-07-05T22:14:46Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local table_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/table" local usex_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/usex" local yesno_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/yesno" local insert = table.insert local rfind = mw.ustring.find local rsplit = mw.text.split local function track(page) require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track")("usex/templates/" .. page) return true end function export.usex_t(frame) local boolean = {type = "boolean"} local list = {list = true} local language = {type = "language"..." 7240536 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local table_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/table" local usex_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/usex" local yesno_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/yesno" local insert = table.insert local rfind = mw.ustring.find local rsplit = mw.text.split local function track(page) require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track")("usex/templates/" .. page) return true end function export.usex_t(frame) local boolean = {type = "boolean"} local list = {list = true} local language = {type = "language"} local script = {type = "script"} -- Invocation arguments (passed in the template #invoke call). local iargs = require("Module:Wt/mnc/parameters").process(frame.args, { ["quote"] = true, ["inline"] = true, ["nocat"] = boolean, ["class"] = true, }) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args if parent_args.qualifier then track("qualifier") end -- Template (parent) arguments. local args = require("Module:Wt/mnc/parameters").process(parent_args, { -- Usex/quotation text parameters [1] = {required = true, type = "language"}, [2] = true, ["termlang"] = language, ["tr"] = true, ["transliteration"] = {alias_of = "tr", deprecated = true}, ["ts"] = true, ["transcription"] = {alias_of = "ts", deprecated = true}, ["sc"] = script, ["norm"] = true, ["normalization"] = {alias_of = "norm", deprecated = true}, ["normsc"] = script, ["subst"] = true, ["q"] = list, ["qualifier"] = {alias_of = "q", list = false, deprecated = true}, ["qq"] = list, ["ref"] = true, -- Usex/quotation audio parameters, ["audio"] = true, -- Translation of usex text [3] = true, ["t"] = {alias_of = 3}, ["translation"] = {alias_of = 3, deprecated = true}, ["lit"] = true, -- Original text, if the usex/quotation is a translation ["orig"] = true, ["origlang"] = language, ["origtr"] = true, ["origts"] = true, ["origsc"] = script, ["orignorm"] = true, ["orignormsc"] = script, ["origsubst"] = true, ["origq"] = list, ["origqq"] = list, ["origref"] = true, -- Citation-related parameters; for anything more complex, usex {{quote-*}} ["source"] = true, ["footer"] = true, -- Formatting parameters ["inline"] = true, ["brackets"] = boolean, -- Categorization parameters ["nocat"] = boolean, ["sort"] = true, }) local lang = args[1] local sc = args.sc local normsc = args.normsc if normsc and not args.norm then error("Cannot specify normsc= without norm=") end if #args.qq > 0 then track("qq") end if #args.q > 0 then track("q") end local termlang = args.termlang if termlang then insert(args.qq, 1, "in " .. lang:getCanonicalName()) end local origlang, origsc, orignormsc if args.orig then origlang = args.origlang insert(args.origqq, 1, "in " .. origlang:getCanonicalName()) origsc = args.origsc orignormsc = args.orignormsc if orignormsc and not args.orignorm then error("Cannot specify orignormsc= without orignorm=") end else for _, noparam in ipairs { "origlang", "origtr", "origts", "origsc", "orignorm", "orignormsc", "origsubst", "origref" } do if args[noparam] then error(("Cannot specify %s= without orig="):format(noparam)) end end if #args.origq > 0 then error("Cannot specify origq= without orig=") end if #args.origqq > 0 then error("Cannot specify origqq= without orig=") end end local inline = args.inline or iargs.inline if inline ~= "auto" then inline = require(yesno_module)(inline) end local data = { lang = lang, termlang = termlang, sc = sc, normsc = normsc, usex = args[2], translation = args[3], transliteration = args.tr, transcription = args.ts, normalization = args.norm, inline = inline, ref = args.ref, quote = iargs.quote, lit = args.lit, subst = args.subst, -- FIXME, change to left and right qualifiers qq = #args.qq > 0 and args.qq or args.q, audio = args.audio, source = args.source, footer = args.footer, nocat = args.nocat or iargs.nocat, brackets = args.brackets, sortkey = args.sort, class = iargs.class, -- Original text, if the usex/quotation is a translation orig = args.orig, origlang = origlang, origtr = args.origtr, origts = args.origts, origsc = origsc, orignorm = args.orignorm, orignormsc = orignormsc, origsubst = args.origsubst, origq = args.origq, origqq = args.origqq, origref = args.origref, } return require(usex_module).format_usex(data) end local ignore_prefixes = {"User:", "Talk:", "Wiktionary:Beer parlour", "Wiktionary:Translation requests", "Wiktionary:Grease pit", "Wiktionary:Etymology scriptorium", "Wiktionary:Information desk", "Wiktionary:Tea room", "Wiktionary:Requests for", "Wiktionary:Votes" } function export.page_should_be_ignored(page) -- Ignore user pages, talk pages and certain Wiktionary pages for _, ip in ipairs(ignore_prefixes) do if rfind(page, "^" .. ip) then return true end end if rfind(page, " talk:") then return true end return false end function export.page_should_be_ignored_t(frame) return export.page_should_be_ignored(frame.args[1]) and "true" or "" end return export hz2n5aebcjny4idr5un3dddas4dte6c 828 3786247 7240537 2026-07-05T22:15:13Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "-- Function allowing for consistent treatment of boolean-like wikitext input. -- It works similarly to the template {{yesno}}. local lower = string.lower local tonumber = tonumber local type = type local yesno return function (val, default) if val == nil then return nil elseif not yesno then yesno = { [true] = true, [false] = false, ["true"] = true, ["false"] = false, ["t"] = true, ["f"] = false, [1] = true, [0] = false, ["1"] = true, ["0"] = f..." 7240537 Scribunto text/plain -- Function allowing for consistent treatment of boolean-like wikitext input. -- It works similarly to the template {{yesno}}. local lower = string.lower local tonumber = tonumber local type = type local yesno return function (val, default) if val == nil then return nil elseif not yesno then yesno = { [true] = true, [false] = false, ["true"] = true, ["false"] = false, ["t"] = true, ["f"] = false, [1] = true, [0] = false, ["1"] = true, ["0"] = false, ["yes"] = true, ["no"] = false, ["y"] = true, ["n"] = false, ["on"] = true, ["off"] = false, } end local ret = yesno[val] if ret ~= nil then return ret elseif type(val) ~= "string" then return default end -- Catch inputs like "00". ret = yesno[tonumber(val)] if ret ~= nil then return ret end -- Case-insensitive. ret = yesno[lower(val)] if ret ~= nil then return ret end return default end 50fw3j6qj6cod4hrcb5leyd15zs34hg 828 3786248 7240539 2026-07-05T22:16:13Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local needs_translit = { ["alr"] = true, ["ab"] = true, ["abq"] = true, ["ady"] = true, ["agh"] = true, ["akv"] = true, ["am"] = true, ["ani"] = true, ["aqc"] = true, ["ar"] = true, ["as"] = true, ["av"] = true, ["ba"] = true, ["bbl"] = true, ["bdk"] = true, ["be"] = true, ["bg"] = true, ["bn"] = true, ["bo"] = true, ["bph"] = true, ["bxr"] = true, ["ce"] = true, ["cji"] = true, ["ckt"] = true, ["cv"] = true, ["dar"] = true, ["dlg"..." 7240539 Scribunto text/plain local needs_translit = { ["alr"] = true, ["ab"] = true, ["abq"] = true, ["ady"] = true, ["agh"] = true, ["akv"] = true, ["am"] = true, ["ani"] = true, ["aqc"] = true, ["ar"] = true, ["as"] = true, ["av"] = true, ["ba"] = true, ["bbl"] = true, ["bdk"] = true, ["be"] = true, ["bg"] = true, ["bn"] = true, ["bo"] = true, ["bph"] = true, ["bxr"] = true, ["ce"] = true, ["cji"] = true, ["ckt"] = true, ["cv"] = true, ["dar"] = true, ["dlg"] = true, ["dng"] = true, ["dv"] = true, ["el"] = true, ["enf"] = true, ["ess"] = true, ["eve"] = true, ["evn"] = true, ["fa"] = true, ["gdo"] = true, ["got"] = true, ["gu"] = true, ["he"] = true, ["hi"] = true, ["hy"] = true, ["inh"] = true, ["itl"] = true, ["ja"] = true, ["ka"] = true, ["kap"] = true, ["kbd"] = true, ["kca"] = true, ["kjh"] = true, ["kk"] = true, ["km"] = true, ["kn"] = true, ["ko"] = true, ["krc"] = true, ["kv"] = true, ["kva"] = true, ["ky"] = true, ["lez"] = true, ["lo"] = true, ["mdf"] = true, ["mk"] = true, ["ml"] = true, ["mn"] = true, ["mr"] = true, ["my"] = true, ["myv"] = true, ["ne"] = true, ["or"] = true, ["os"] = true, ["ps"] = true, ["ru"] = true, ["rue"] = true, ["sah"] = true, ["sa"] = true, ["si"] = true, ["ta"] = true, ["te"] = true, ["tg"] = true, ["th"] = true, ["ti"] = true, ["tt"] = true, ["tyv"] = true, ["udm"] = true, ["ug"] = true, ["uk"] = true, ["ur"] = true, ["xal"] = true, ["yi"] = true, ["yrk-tun"] = true, } return { needs_translit } hify3vkrfmmepxnpibhlkfsp7sq7v9t 828 3786249 7240540 2026-07-05T22:19:18Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local m_template_parser = require("Module:Wt/mnc/template parser") local class_else_type = m_template_parser.class_else_type local find_templates = m_template_parser.find_templates local get_section = require("Module:Wt/mnc/pages").get_section local gsub = string.gsub local insert = table.insert local remove = table.remove local safe_require = require("Module:Wt/mnc/load").safe_require local split = m_str_uti..." 7240540 Scribunto text/plain local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local m_template_parser = require("Module:Wt/mnc/template parser") local class_else_type = m_template_parser.class_else_type local find_templates = m_template_parser.find_templates local get_section = require("Module:Wt/mnc/pages").get_section local gsub = string.gsub local insert = table.insert local remove = table.remove local safe_require = require("Module:Wt/mnc/load").safe_require local split = m_str_utils.split local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD local trim = m_str_utils.trim local ugsub = m_str_utils.gsub local ulen = m_str_utils.len local ulower = m_str_utils.lower local usub = m_str_utils.sub local uupper = m_str_utils.upper local tag local lect_code = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/lect codes").langcode_to_abbr local export = {} local function fail(lang, request) require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track")("zh-translit/needs manual translit/" .. lang) return nil end local function get_content(title) local content = mw.title.new(title) if not content then return false end return get_section(content:getContent(), "Chinese", 2) end -- Match function for regex ",(?! )". local function split_on_comma_without_space(str, start) local i repeat i = str:find(",", start) if not i then return end start = i + 1 until str:sub(start, start) ~= " " return i, i end local function handle_readings(readings, lang, tr) if lang == "ltc" or lang == "och" then if tr and readings ~= tr then return false end return readings elseif ( lang == "cmn" or lang == "csp" or lang == "wuu" or lang == "yue" or lang == "zhx-tai" ) then readings = split(readings, split_on_comma_without_space, true) else readings = split(readings, "/", true, true) end local tr_orig = tr for _, reading in ipairs(readings) do reading = trim(reading) if not reading:find("=") then if ( not tr or tr == reading or gsub(ulower(tr), "%^", "") == reading ) then tr = reading elseif ulower(reading) ~= tr then return false end elseif lang == "cmn" and reading == "cap=y" then local tr_cap = "^" .. tr if not tr_orig or tr_orig == tr_cap then tr = tr_cap end end end return tr end local function remove_ref_tags(template) for node, parent, i in template:iterate_nodes("tag") do if node.name == "ref" then parent[i] = "" end end end local function iterate_content(content, lang, see, seen, tr) for template in find_templates(content) do local name = template:get_name() if name == "zh-pron" then remove_ref_tags(template) for k, v in pairs(template:get_arguments()) do if ( #v > 0 and type(k) == "string" and k == lect_code[lang] ) then tr = handle_readings(v, lang, tr) break end end if tr == false then return tr end elseif name == "zh-see" then remove_ref_tags(template) local arg = trim(template:get_arguments()[1]) if not seen[arg] then insert(see, arg) end end end return tr end function export.tr(text, lang, sc) if (not text) or text == "" then return text elseif lang == "zh" or lang == "lzh" or lang == "lzh-lit" then lang = "cmn" end if not lect_code[lang] then lang = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages").getByCode(lang, nil, true):getFullCode() end local content = get_content(text) if not content then return fail(lang) end local see = {} local seen = { [text] = true } local tr = iterate_content(content, lang, see, seen) if tr == nil then local i, title = 1 while i <= #see do title = see[i] content = get_content(title) if content then tr = iterate_content(content, lang, see, seen, tr) if tr == false then return fail(lang) end seen[title] = true end i = i + 1 end end if not tr then return fail(lang) end if lang == "cmn" then tr = tr:gsub("#", "") if tr:match("[\194-\244]") then tag = tag or mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/cmn-tag").MT tr = tr:gsub(".[\128-\191]*", function(m) if m == "一" then return "yī" elseif m == "不" then return "bù" else m = tag[m] and tag[m][1] if m then return toNFD(m):gsub("^[aeiou]", "\1%0") -- temporarily use \1 for apostrophes, as it's not in %p end end end) tr = ugsub(tr, "%f[^%z%s%p](^?)\1", "%1") -- remove any initial apostrophes inserted by the previous function :gsub("\1", "'") end tr = ugsub(tr, "%^('?.)", uupper) elseif lang == "csp" or lang == "yue" or lang == "zhx-tai" then tr = tr:gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "<sup>%0</sup>") elseif lang == "hak" then -- TODO elseif lang == "ltc" or lang == "och" then if tr == "n" then return fail(lang) end local index = tr and split(tr, lang == "ltc" and "," or ";", true, true) or {} for i = 1, ulen(text) do local module_type = lang .. "-pron" if lang == "och" then module_type = module_type .. "-ZS" end local data_module = safe_require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/" .. module_type .. "/" .. usub(text, i, i)) if not data_module or (((not index[i]) or index[i] == "y") and #data_module > 1) then return fail(lang) end if index[i] == "y" then index[i] = 1 elseif index[i] then index[i] = tonumber(index[i]) end index[i] = index[i] and data_module[index[i]] or data_module[1] if lang == "ltc" then local data = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/ltc-pron/data") local initial, final, tone = require("Module:Wt/mnc/ltc-pron").infer_categories(index[i]) tone = tone ~= "" and ("<sup>" .. tone .. "</sup>") or tone index[i] = require("Module:Wt/mnc/ltc-pron/baxter").baxter(initial, final, tone) else index[i] = index[i][6] end end tr = table.concat(index, " ") if lang == "och" then tr = "*" .. tr end elseif lang == "nan" then -- TODO elseif lang == "nan-tws" then tr = require("Module:Wt/mnc/nan-pron").pengim_display(tr) elseif lang == "wuu" then local w_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/wuu-pron") if tr:match(';') then --TODO return fail(lang) elseif tr:match(':') then tr = w_pron.wugniu_format(tr:sub(4)) else tr = w_pron.wugniu_format(w_pron.wikt_to_wugniu(tr)) end elseif lang == "zhx-sic" then tr = ugsub(tr, "([%d-])(%a)", "%1 %2") :gsub("%d[%d%*%-]*%f[^%d%*]", "<sup>%0</sup>") else tr = require("Module:Wt/mnc/" .. lang .. "-pron").rom(tr) end -- End with a space so that concurrent parts of running text that need to be transliterated separately (e.g. due to links) are still properly separated. return tr .. " " end return export 7rwpwkag2ec8d77ce8n3a63e4fj1jk3 828 3786250 7240541 2026-07-05T22:19:35Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local data = {} local langcode_to_abbr = { cdo = "md", -- Eastern Min cjy = "j", -- Jin cmn = "m", -- Mandarin -- cnp -- Northern Pinghua cpx = "px", -- Puxian Min csp = "sp", -- Southern Pinghua -- czh -- Huizhou -- czo -- Central Min dng = "dg", -- Dungan gan = "g", -- Gan hak = "h", -- Hakka -- hnm -- Hainanese hsn = "x", -- Xiang ltc = "mc", -- Middle Chinese luh = "mn-l", -- Leizhou Min lzh = "m", -..." 7240541 Scribunto text/plain local data = {} local langcode_to_abbr = { cdo = "md", -- Eastern Min cjy = "j", -- Jin cmn = "m", -- Mandarin -- cnp -- Northern Pinghua cpx = "px", -- Puxian Min csp = "sp", -- Southern Pinghua -- czh -- Huizhou -- czo -- Central Min dng = "dg", -- Dungan gan = "g", -- Gan hak = "h", -- Hakka -- hnm -- Hainanese hsn = "x", -- Xiang ltc = "mc", -- Middle Chinese luh = "mn-l", -- Leizhou Min lzh = "m", -- Literary (Classical) Chinese mnp = "mb", -- Northern Min ["nan-hbl"] = "mn", -- Hokkien -- ["nan-hlh"] -- Haklau Min ["nan-tws"] = "mn-t", -- Teochew och = "oc", -- Old Chinese -- sjc -- Shaojiang Min wuu = "w", -- Wu -- wxa -- Waxiang yue = "c", -- Cantonese zh = "m", -- Chinese (general) -- ["zhx-sht"] -- Shaozhou Tuhua ["zhx-sic"] = "m-s", -- Sichuanese ["zhx-tai"] = "c-t", -- Taishanese } local abbr_to_langcode = {} for k, v in pairs(langcode_to_abbr) do if k ~= "zh" and k ~= "lzh" then abbr_to_langcode[v] = k end end return { langcode_to_abbr = langcode_to_abbr, abbr_to_langcode = abbr_to_langcode } jqrr8ntbk5t5u3uwbifrqyqnm3p39xu 0 3786251 7240542 2026-07-05T22:23:27Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=太阳}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/šun|šun]]" 7240542 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=太阳}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/šun|šun]] c1k38hs4xl4n9qozdk2cwahe3qxnc6x 0 3786252 7240543 2026-07-05T22:23:46Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=道路}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/jugūn|jugūn]]; [[Wt/mnc/on|on]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240543 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=道路}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/jugūn|jugūn]]; [[Wt/mnc/on|on]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] s1yu79h6ad4kgeeswfhx95u0s028um3 0 3786253 7240544 2026-07-05T22:24:06Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=仓库}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/calu|calu]]" 7240544 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=仓库}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/calu|calu]] mxww6abewec4745dn1djano6qf1wu0o 0 3786254 7240545 2026-07-05T22:24:25Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=眼睛}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/yasa|yasa]]" 7240545 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=眼睛}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/yasa|yasa]] qhe05ea21c71fg48h18fcjwvrx4l1pj 0 3786255 7240546 2026-07-05T22:24:44Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=星星}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/usiha|usiha]]" 7240546 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=星星}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/usiha|usiha]] aewkpfie7h2im1egqihccoqux66y62t 0 3786256 7240547 2026-07-05T22:25:01Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=兄弟}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/bethe|bethe]]; [[Wt/mnc/deo|deo]]" 7240547 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=兄弟}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/bethe|bethe]]; [[Wt/mnc/deo|deo]] 3eqgmge6w4cyc3k75658zfiy5cjqw7f 0 3786257 7240548 2026-07-05T22:25:18Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=城市}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hoton|hoton]]" 7240548 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=城市}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hoton|hoton]] 862jybt8mg1rnjbuo09eepowlhd3xrt 0 3786258 7240549 2026-07-05T22:25:35Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=黄酒}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/nure|nure]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240549 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=黄酒}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/nure|nure]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] nasxwidr17d9sad70110jx64owez1dq 0 3786259 7240550 2026-07-05T22:25:55Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=金子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/aisin|aisin]]" 7240550 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=金子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/aisin|aisin]] h47o488lrql2ukuvl71xghynmv89jdc 0 3786260 7240551 2026-07-05T22:34:09Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=月亮}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/biya|biya]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240551 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=月亮}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/biya|biya]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] s1bbl9qpfkabp81rum23hofnyhbzuxx 0 3786261 7240552 2026-07-05T22:34:30Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=衣服}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/etuku|etuku]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240552 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=衣服}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/etuku|etuku]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] knkuz42ngmzz3jp5l59tt5uner3cw3w 0 3786262 7240553 2026-07-05T22:34:52Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=房子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/boo|boo]]" 7240553 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=房子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/boo|boo]] hvn9xudn1u085ip7jn2vwyen3h65z2m 0 3786263 7240554 2026-07-05T22:35:09Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=厨师}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/cuse|cuse]]" 7240554 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=厨师}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/cuse|cuse]] 1gube8gay1cttmbqcuwsfetp5bewr2e 0 3786264 7240555 2026-07-05T22:35:25Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=火药}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/okto|okto]]" 7240555 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=火药}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/okto|okto]] g7nqocwih1uw9wq9vesisu9itgb96ya 0 3786265 7240556 2026-07-05T22:35:40Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=影子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/oron|oron]]; [[Wt/mnc/helmen|helmen]]" 7240556 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=影子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/oron|oron]]; [[Wt/mnc/helmen|helmen]] sulh07kjmzxafow0ap3fepkyy5ty4os 0 3786266 7240557 2026-07-05T22:36:02Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=云彩}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/tugi|tugi]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240557 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=云彩}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/tugi|tugi]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] 4anbzjn7wx561n5wztq63m5cl75mjyn 0 3786267 7240558 2026-07-05T22:36:21Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=孩子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/jui|jui]]" 7240558 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=孩子}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/jui|jui]] ba343q845dx3fduiwlksqt74udg4ilj 0 3786268 7240559 2026-07-05T22:36:36Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=声音}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/mudan|mudan]]; [[Wt/mnc/jilgan|jilgan]]" 7240559 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=声音}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/mudan|mudan]]; [[Wt/mnc/jilgan|jilgan]] 0mhkydr6ypqai9j0mbaxf7f4u43twvt 0 3786269 7240561 2026-07-05T22:42:12Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=石头}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/wehe|wehe]]" 7240561 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=石头}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/wehe|wehe]] fa1sllzm9rew3jnkvuq1oq0plinte0d 0 3786270 7240562 2026-07-05T22:42:30Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=国家}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gurun|gurun]]" 7240562 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=国家}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gurun|gurun]] 4s7hs83sztw7choia80ehnsu2zlxkkz 0 3786271 7240563 2026-07-05T22:42:46Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=老婆}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hehe|hehe]]" 7240563 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=老婆}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hehe|hehe]] s0xlszhw9q5sgi13akcggvf1e4vutl9 0 3786272 7240564 2026-07-05T22:43:04Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=河流}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/eyen|eyen]]" 7240564 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=河流}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/eyen|eyen]] lfhgmzcpmbi6iogmdkqzyoqf1bdzwdo 0 3786273 7240565 2026-07-05T22:43:19Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=亲戚}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/niyaman|niyaman]]" 7240565 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=亲戚}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/niyaman|niyaman]] 6hhxkivf6v1rys5y9mckorc4xovuy3p 0 3786274 7240566 2026-07-05T22:43:37Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=时刻}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/erin|erin]]" 7240566 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=时刻}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/erin|erin]] 077svtxj4wz6svqp5chh3kxa7to9b81 0 3786275 7240567 2026-07-05T22:43:54Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=力量}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hūsun|hūsun]]" 7240567 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=力量}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hūsun|hūsun]] fdz4j9q1kn3hlsmsach2xtlxrzpi11p 0 3786276 7240568 2026-07-05T22:44:08Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=冬天}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/tuweri|tuweri]]" 7240568 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=冬天}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/tuweri|tuweri]] qah5s7k6lbeh9gdpuzq6h1texyk2okk 0 3786277 7240569 2026-07-05T22:44:21Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=露水}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/silenggi|silenggi]]" 7240569 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=露水}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/silenggi|silenggi]] qwncwzn2e6e21600njcxc1jmc79xxmf 0 3786278 7240570 2026-07-05T22:44:35Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=寿命}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/jalafun|jalafun]]" 7240570 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=寿命}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/jalafun|jalafun]] f0tkpgbv3krzj3279gzz2lu3chtivkb 0 3786279 7240571 2026-07-05T22:45:13Z ~2026-38498-18 2692270 Created page with "[[File:Futurama 1999 logo.svg|thumb]] '''Futurama'''. Matt Groening. 20th Century Fox. 1999. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q73622}}" 7240571 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Futurama 1999 logo.svg|thumb]] '''Futurama'''. Matt Groening. 20th Century Fox. 1999. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q73622}} qtdx47bspcsz43phjmafr83kfxmnve2 0 3786280 7240576 2026-07-05T22:53:26Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=性命}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/ergen|ergen]]" 7240576 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=性命}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/ergen|ergen]] 0ikqwmql1x2a0j2s9k9k7r21kcz5zez 0 3786281 7240577 2026-07-05T22:53:40Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=武器}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/agūra|agūra]]" 7240577 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=武器}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/agūra|agūra]] mkfhv1bsg94ttcbmigu18vw6ov29l3k 0 3786282 7240578 2026-07-05T22:53:56Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=气候}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/abka|abka]]" 7240578 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=气候}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/abka|abka]] or0372af666me5a8iio94570nq93iy8 0 3786283 7240579 2026-07-05T22:54:12Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=谋略}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/bodogon|bodogon]]" 7240579 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=谋略}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/bodogon|bodogon]] 5s9c2po5rykuggjlqtktxqm38ahnl9s 0 3786284 7240580 2026-07-05T22:54:28Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=学问}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/tacin|tacin]]" 7240580 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=学问}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/tacin|tacin]] ax6jtpyy09gk0xgh9r030v316bexh8a 0 3786285 7240581 2026-07-05T22:54:47Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=罪恶}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/weile|weile]]" 7240581 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=罪恶}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/weile|weile]] 4z0yjc6zqjhq670dyo3hdwwm5vdomtp 0 3786286 7240582 2026-07-05T22:55:03Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=怨恨}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/kimun|kimun]]" 7240582 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=怨恨}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/kimun|kimun]] mh54dyweov9yvgm7e99tzm2hhj3ztm1 0 3786287 7240583 2026-07-05T22:56:13Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=宝贝}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/boobai|boobai]]" 7240583 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=宝贝}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/boobai|boobai]] krnu0vptx46m3wxvfmc4ivhydgf1wye 0 3786288 7240591 2026-07-06T00:24:48Z Detingker.s 2692278 Created page with "== {{Wt/sas/sas}}} == {{Wt/sas/head-|sas}} # {{Wt/sas/-v-|sas}} caren tokol lek sangkok, lipet keduak nae silang jok julun awak [[Category:Wt/sas]]" 7240591 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/sas/sas}}} == {{Wt/sas/head-|sas}} # {{Wt/sas/-v-|sas}} caren tokol lek sangkok, lipet keduak nae silang jok julun awak [[Category:Wt/sas]] r7ebrn8t6r2vp1mvse0g8nrpdzqdbmu 7240594 7240591 2026-07-06T00:29:03Z Detingker.s 2692278 7240594 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/sas/sas}}} == {{Wt/sas/-head-|sas}} # {{Wt/sas/-v-|sas}} caren tokol lek sangkok, lipet keduak nae silang jok julun awak [[Category:Wt/sas]] 74hea6pgcbkrufkgd8beutubyo6v030 7240595 7240594 2026-07-06T00:30:34Z Detingker.s 2692278 7240595 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/sas/sas}}} == {{Wt/sas/-head-|sas}} # {{Wt/sas/-v-|sas}} caren tokol lèk sangkok, lipet keduak nae silang jõk julun awak [[Category:Wt/sas]] bj2oh2zjkdt634cfskkbj9okuhssgwl 3 3786289 7240592 2026-07-06T00:24:49Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7240592 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 00:24, 6 July 2026 (UTC) gsk4v6nwssao3e4cndbzmnwk0jpahht 0 3786290 7240596 2026-07-06T00:34:08Z Detingker.s 2692278 Created page with "== {{Wt/sas/id}} == {{Wt/sas/-head-|id}} # {{Wt/sas/-v-|id}} posisi duduk di lantai dengan melipat kedua kaki menyilang di depan tubuh [[Category:Wt/sas]]" 7240596 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/sas/id}} == {{Wt/sas/-head-|id}} # {{Wt/sas/-v-|id}} posisi duduk di lantai dengan melipat kedua kaki menyilang di depan tubuh [[Category:Wt/sas]] lvuq6qzzfiftymbqwdpsb1uxhvp05h0 0 3786291 7240603 2026-07-06T01:57:34Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 Created page with "Tshüvāu hāi == Ālívà == == Pàusüpòu == == Tûathìh == == Hòikàm == == Ānyîamōa == == Nyūthíe == == Āthāplūchám ==" 7240603 wikitext text/x-wiki Tshüvāu hāi == Ālívà == == Pàusüpòu == == Tûathìh == == Hòikàm == == Ānyîamōa == == Nyūthíe == == Āthāplūchám == pdun69mzqrmyuqob85dwxf9rtlgv63e 7240606 7240603 2026-07-06T02:18:04Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* */ 7240606 wikitext text/x-wiki Tshüvāu hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé kī jē jāmkhèu 114 khèunyōh hāuvī 800 tā kī jē. == Ālívà == == Pàusüpòu == == Tûathìh == == Hòikàm == == Ānyîamōa == == Nyūthíe == == Āthāplūchám == 6lpbi6rroh6g4riz7qxsrzh6y3zdj9a 7240608 7240606 2026-07-06T02:30:16Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Ālívà */ 7240608 wikitext text/x-wiki Tshüvāu hāi ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé kī jē jāmkhèu 114 khèunyōh hāuvī 800 tā kī jē. == Ālívà == Tshüvāu hāi Pātshò hāi lîu nühé Thang hāi lîu vémkü kī jē, shām mé kēi hāi nühé chīkèi hāi nōng āthāng nü kó tshü nü kōu vāu é Lōuhkü kéisüyó jü lá kütā tshüvāu tā jóa. Tshüvāu ātháh: Shām mé kēi nühé chīkèi hāi liap é lōuh jü nü āthāng. == Pàusüpòu == == Tûathìh == == Hòikàm == == Ānyîamōa == == Nyūthíe == == Āthāplūchám == 2k87aeop5jv555kpycyb2j242l0dqed 7240609 7240608 2026-07-06T02:31:13Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* */ 7240609 wikitext text/x-wiki Tshüvāu hāi Pātshò shīngtāp mōngkü ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé kī jē jāmkhèu 114 khèunyōh hāuvī 800 tā kī jē. == Ālívà == Tshüvāu hāi Pātshò hāi lîu nühé Thang hāi lîu vémkü kī jē, shām mé kēi hāi nühé chīkèi hāi nōng āthāng nü kó tshü nü kōu vāu é Lōuhkü kéisüyó jü lá kütā tshüvāu tā jóa. Tshüvāu ātháh: Shām mé kēi nühé chīkèi hāi liap é lōuh jü nü āthāng. == Pàusüpòu == == Tûathìh == == Hòikàm == == Ānyîamōa == == Nyūthíe == == Āthāplūchám == g1c7okf0j44hz00lr8lwgr6gf2jlp2w 7240683 7240609 2026-07-06T06:45:31Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Ālívà */ 7240683 wikitext text/x-wiki Tshüvāu hāi Pātshò shīngtāp mōngkü ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé kī jē jāmkhèu 114 khèunyōh hāuvī 800 tā kī jē. == Ālívà == Tshüvāu hāi Pātshò hāi lîu nühé Thang hāi lîu vémkü kī jē, shām mé kēi hāi nühé chīkèi hāi nōng āthāng nü kó tshü nü kōu vāu é Lōuhkü kéisüyó jü lá kütā tshüvāu tā jóa. TSHÜVĀU ĀTHÁH: Shām mé kēi nühé chīkèi hāi liap é lōuh jü nü āthāng. == Pàusüpòu == == Tûathìh == == Hòikàm == == Ānyîamōa == == Nyūthíe == == Āthāplūchám == bh8e14hqct9fxak0aeu2j89mcz7rsm5 7240684 7240683 2026-07-06T06:50:25Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Ālívà */ 7240684 wikitext text/x-wiki Tshüvāu hāi Pātshò shīngtāp mōngkü ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé kī jē jāmkhèu 114 khèunyōh hāuvī 800 tā kī jē. == Ālívà == Tshüvāu hāi <nowiki>'''Pātshò''' hāi lîu nühé '''Thang''' hāi lîu '''vémkü''' kī jē, '''shām''' '''mé''' kēi hāi nühé '''chīkèi'' hāi nōng āthāng nü kó tshü vāu nü kōuh vāu é lōuhkü '''kéisüyó''' jü lá kütā '''TSHÜVĀU'''</nowiki> tā jóa. <nowiki>''</nowiki>TSHÜVĀU ĀTHÁH<nowiki>''</nowiki>: Shām mé kēi nühé chīkèi hāi liap é lōuh jü nü āthāng. == Pàusüpòu == == Tûathìh == == Hòikàm == == Ānyîamōa == == Nyūthíe == == Āthāplūchám == tdngrzxujucqc3v17lp691m7lxepeze 7240923 7240684 2026-07-06T11:37:48Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Ālívà */ 7240923 wikitext text/x-wiki Tshüvāu hāi Pātshò shīngtāp mōngkü ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé kī jē jāmkhèu 114 khèunyōh hāuvī 800 tā kī jē. == Ālívà == Tshüvāu hāi '''Pātshò''' hāi lîu nühé '''Thang''' hāi lîu '''vémkü''' kī jē, '''shām''' '''mé''' kēi hāi nühé '''chīkèi''' hāi nōng āthāng nü kó tshü vāu nü vāu é lōuhkü '''kéisüyó''' jü lá kütā '''TSHÜVĀU''' tā jóa. ''TSHÜVĀU'' ''ĀTHÁH'': Shām mé kēi nühé chīkèi hāi liap é lōuh jü nü āthāng. == Pàusüpòu == == Tûathìh == == Hòikàm == == Ānyîamōa == == Nyūthíe == == Āthāplūchám == g5gho7asa5b56splty2i9y93d99eij9 7240926 7240923 2026-07-06T11:39:08Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* */ 7240926 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tshüvāu''' hāi '''Pātshò''' shīngtāp mōngkü ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé kī jē '''jāmkhèu''' ''114'' '''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' ''800'' tā kī jē. == Ālívà == Tshüvāu hāi '''Pātshò''' hāi lîu nühé '''Thang''' hāi lîu '''vémkü''' kī jē, '''shām''' '''mé''' kēi hāi nühé '''chīkèi''' hāi nōng āthāng nü kó tshü vāu nü vāu é lōuhkü '''kéisüyó''' jü lá kütā '''TSHÜVĀU''' tā jóa. ''TSHÜVĀU'' ''ĀTHÁH'': Shām mé kēi nühé chīkèi hāi liap é lōuh jü nü āthāng. == Pàusüpòu == == Tûathìh == == Hòikàm == == Ānyîamōa == == Nyūthíe == == Āthāplūchám == r2t4jhikhnjiefnvp25qwxe3efzm1x3 7240942 7240926 2026-07-06T11:55:58Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 /* Pàusüpòu */ 7240942 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tshüvāu''' hāi '''Pātshò''' shīngtāp mōngkü ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé kī jē '''jāmkhèu''' ''114'' '''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' ''800'' tā kī jē. == Ālívà == Tshüvāu hāi '''Pātshò''' hāi lîu nühé '''Thang''' hāi lîu '''vémkü''' kī jē, '''shām''' '''mé''' kēi hāi nühé '''chīkèi''' hāi nōng āthāng nü kó tshü vāu nü vāu é lōuhkü '''kéisüyó''' jü lá kütā '''TSHÜVĀU''' tā jóa. ''TSHÜVĀU'' ''ĀTHÁH'': Shām mé kēi nühé chīkèi hāi liap é lōuh jü nü āthāng. == Pàusüpòu == Jüsü '''pàusüpòu''' shéu nōkhīng tsākkü kī künoíkülá kütā '''mōumōu''' nōkthü tā pīngkü khüvá nyē kütā jüsü pàusüpòu shài nōng tēi '''kākéi''' jē. Tshüvāu hāi '''língpūo''' '''língnyu''' kī hīekü shì '''lōuhnyìh''' nōnglé shài nü shàikü khū jē. Pàusüpòu shài 1. '''Shàisülíe''' 2. '''Kíkí''' 3. '''Jāmsükōuh''' 4. '''Āhéshīu''' 5. '''Nīesüyé''' 6. '''Vāisü-aí''' 7. '''Chisüyó''' Nōng shéu '''āpém''' kâkéi kü shì nühé lōuhnyìh hü nōng shéu '''shàilóuhkü''' khū jē. == Tûathìh == == Hòikàm == == Ānyîamōa == == Nyūthíe == == Āthāplūchám == pqpvf9zs1vhpb6dxmjo14x6vf2brd7g 7240943 7240942 2026-07-06T11:57:25Z Bshiukhiam 2685378 7240943 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tshüvāu''' hāi '''Pātshò''' shīngtāp mōngkü ātsîpík shīngkhānyulé kī jē '''jāmkhèu''' ''114'' '''khèunyōh''' '''hāuvī''' ''800'' tā kī jē. == Ālívà == Tshüvāu hāi '''Pātshò''' hāi lîu nühé '''Thang''' hāi lîu '''vémkü''' kī jē, '''shām''' '''mé''' kēi hāi nühé '''chīkèi''' hāi nōng āthāng nü kó tshü vāu nü vāu é lōuhkü '''kéisüyó''' jü lá kütā '''TSHÜVĀU''' tā jóa. ''TSHÜVĀU'' ''ĀTHÁH'': Shām mé kēi nühé chīkèi hāi liap é lōuh jü nü āthāng. == Pàusüpòu == Jüsü '''pàusüpòu''' shéu nōkhīng tsākkü kī künoíkülá kütā '''mōumōu''' nōkthü tā pīngkü khüvá nyē kütā jüsü pàusüpòu shài nōng tēi '''kākéi''' jē. Tshüvāu hāi '''língpūo''' '''língnyu''' kī hīekü shì '''lōuhnyìh''' nōnglé shài nü shàikü khū jē. ''Pàusüpòu'' ''shài'' 1. '''Shàisülíe''' 2. '''Kíkí''' 3. '''Jāmsükōuh''' 4. '''Āhéshīu''' 5. '''Nīesüyé''' 6. '''Vāisü-aí''' 7. '''Chisüyó''' Nōng shéu '''āpém''' kâkéi kü shì nühé lōuhnyìh hü nōng shéu '''shàilóuhkü''' khū jē. == Tûathìh == == Hòikàm == == Ānyîamōa == == Nyūthíe == == Āthāplūchám == [[Category:Wp/kix]] ghco8yctqd7wi2fk094v1srsv9z168s 0 3786292 7240613 2026-07-06T03:20:39Z အောင်သန်းလှ 2629904 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔ/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အထက်ကို လွင့်တက်ရေ။ အထက်ကို ကြွတက်ရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === be high === ဗမာ === အထက်သို့ လွင့်တက်သ..." 7240613 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔ/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အထက်ကို လွင့်တက်ရေ။ အထက်ကို ကြွတက်ရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === be high === ဗမာ === အထက်သို့ လွင့်တက်သည်။ အထက်သို့ ကြွတက်သည်။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်၂ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔ၂/}} === နာမဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === မာနတက်ကြွသော။ တစုံတရာ ပြုလုပ် ဆောင်ရွက်ရန် စိတ်ပြင်းပြ ထက်သန်သော။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === active === ဗမာ === မာနတက်ကြွသော။ တစ်စုံတရာ ပြုလုပ် ဆောင်ရွက်ရန် စိတ်ပြင်းပြ ထက်သန်သော။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်၃ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔ၃/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ကွမ်းရွက်ပုံ အရွက်ဟိပနာ စားသုံးရရေ အမြစ်။ဥကြီးများ ဥလီ့ဟိသော နွယ်ပင်တမျိုး။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === creeper === ဗမာ === ကွမ်းရွက်ပုံ အရွက်ရှိ၍ စားသုံးရသော အမြစ်။ဥကြီးများ ဥလေ့ရှိသော နွယ်ပင်တစ်မျိုး။ == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်၄ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔ၄/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === တောင်ဖက်ဧ့ ဆန့်ကျင်ဘက်ဖြစ်ရေ အရပ်မျက်နှာ။ လက်ဝဲဖက်အရပ်။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === north === ဗမာ === တောင်ဖက်၏ ဆန့်ကျင်ဘက်ဖြစ်သော အရပ်မျက်နှာ။ လက်ဝဲဖက်အရပ်။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] f6cufvzkyahlhxp5qbd5cn56u2nxi5g 0 3786293 7240616 2026-07-06T03:24:37Z အောင်သန်းလှ 2629904 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်ကျွန်း === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔt͡ɕʊ́ɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အာဒိကပ္ပကျမ်းလာ မြောက်ကျွန်းမာ နေကတ်တေ သူရို့စွာ ခုနှစ်ရက်မှ တခေါက် အိပ်ယာထောင်ခြင..." 7240616 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်ကျွန်း === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔt͡ɕʊ́ɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အာဒိကပ္ပကျမ်းလာ မြောက်ကျွန်းမာ နေကတ်တေ သူရို့စွာ ခုနှစ်ရက်မှ တခေါက် အိပ်ယာထောင်ခြင်းကို ပြုကတ်ကုန်ဧ့။ ငါးပါးသီလ မြဲကတ်ကုန်ဧ့။ ကျွန်းကြီးလီးကျွန်းအနက် မြင့်မိုရ်တောင်ဧ့ မြောက်ဘက်မျက်နှာမာ တည်ဟိလို့ ကျွန်းဦးမာ ပဒေသာပင် ပေါက်ဗျာယ် ဟိနိန်ရေကျွန်း။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === north island === ဗမာ === အာဒိကပ္ပကျမ်းလာ မြောက်ကျွန်း၌ နေကြသော သူတို့သည် ခုနှစ်ရက်မှ တစ်ကြိမ် အိပ်ယာထောင်ခြင်းကို ပြုကြကုန်၏။ ငါးပါးသီလ မြဲကြကုန်၏။ ကျွန်းကြီးလေးကျွန်းအနက် မြင့်မိုရ်တောင်၏ မြောက်ဘက်မျက်နှာတွင် တည်ယှိ၍ ကျွန်းဦး၌ ပဒေသာပင် ပေါက်လျက် ရှိနေသောကျွန်း။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] e0ubfgtpmk68p1la0y09dq3svcfay3k 0 3786294 7240617 2026-07-06T03:25:27Z အောင်သန်းလှ 2629904 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်နီဥ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔníʔṵ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အရောင်အရဲ ဥသော မြောက်ဥတမျိုး။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === sweet potato (tuber) === ဗမာ === အရောင်အနီ ဥသော မြောက်ဥတစ်မျိုး..." 7240617 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်နီဥ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔníʔṵ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အရောင်အရဲ ဥသော မြောက်ဥတမျိုး။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === sweet potato (tuber) === ဗမာ === အရောင်အနီ ဥသော မြောက်ဥတစ်မျိုး။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 2lnitkzsg5ige27o5jlwlqbbhbhhw69 0 3786295 7240619 2026-07-06T03:27:27Z အောင်သန်းလှ 2629904 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်များ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔmrá/}} === နာမဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အရွီအတွက် များရေ။ များပြားရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === many === ဗမာ === အရေအတွက် များသော။ များပြာ..." 7240619 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်များ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔmrá/}} === နာမဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အရွီအတွက် များရေ။ များပြားရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === many === ဗမာ === အရေအတွက် များသော။ များပြားသော။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] k1ltb87kdflzg3t1azfufaimtr3adni 0 3786296 7240620 2026-07-06T03:30:22Z အောင်သန်းလှ 2629904 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်လက်ညှိုး === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔlɛʔɲ̯ó/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ငှက်ကြီးတောင်ခေါ် မှိုဟင်း ထွက်ပြူစ နူးညံ့နိန်ရေ အတုတ်အချေကို ခေါ်သောနာမည်။ "အထွတ..." 7240620 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်လက်ညှိုး === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔlɛʔɲ̯ó/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === ငှက်ကြီးတောင်ခေါ် မှိုဟင်း ထွက်ပြူစ နူးညံ့နိန်ရေ အတုတ်အချေကို ခေါ်သောနာမည်။ "အထွတ်တင်၊ မေ့လင်စားဖို့၊ မြောက်လက်ညှိုး" (တေး)။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === kind of creeper === ဗမာ === မှိုဟင်းခေါ် ငှက်ကြီးတောင် ထွက်ပြူစ နူးညံ့နေသော အတုတ်ကလေးကို ခေါ်သောအမည်။ "အထွတ်တင်၊ မေ့လင်စားဖို့၊ မြောက်လက်ညှိုး" (တေး)။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] dhoi50adlsl6n0srbgbb42hdwkne70e 0 3786297 7240621 2026-07-06T03:31:29Z အောင်သန်းလှ 2629904 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်အိမ်တိုင် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔʔèɪɴtàɪɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အရွက်ကြီးပြီး တောနက်ထဲမာ ပေါက်ရောက်ဗျယ်၊ ကာကီရောင် အဥကြီး ဥသော နွယ်ပင်တမျိုး။ ==..." 7240621 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်အိမ်တိုင် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔʔèɪɴtàɪɴ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === အရွက်ကြီးပြီး တောနက်ထဲမာ ပေါက်ရောက်ဗျယ်၊ ကာကီရောင် အဥကြီး ဥသော နွယ်ပင်တမျိုး။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === creeper === ဗမာ === အရွက်ကြီးပြီး တောနက်ထဲတွင် ပေါက်ရောက်ပြီး၊ ကာကီရောင် အဥကြီး ဥသော နွယ်ပင်တစ်မျိုး။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] sll08rldgua2f64rd3jk0vl5ypr3jsg 0 3786298 7240622 2026-07-06T03:32:55Z အောင်သန်းလှ 2629904 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်ဥ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔʔṵ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === မြောက်ဥဟူသမျှကို ခြုံလို့ ခေါ်သောစကား။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === sweet potato - white yam - tuber - bulb === ဗမာ === မြောက်ဥဟူသမျှကို..." 7240622 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်ဥ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔʔṵ/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === မြောက်ဥဟူသမျှကို ခြုံလို့ ခေါ်သောစကား။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === sweet potato - white yam - tuber - bulb === ဗမာ === မြောက်ဥဟူသမျှကို ခြုံ၍ ခေါ်သောစကား။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] ajfk7akzl7nq3uw115h2n3hmvmwqj7t 0 3786299 7240623 2026-07-06T03:34:01Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန်ကဲ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴkɛ/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ဟိသင့်၊ ပြုသင့်၊ ပြောသင့်စွာထက် ပိုကဲရေ။ #: ''"မင်းစကားပြောစွာ ရွန် (လွန်)ရေ"'' (အရပ်) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === #..." 7240623 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန်ကဲ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴkɛ/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ဟိသင့်၊ ပြုသင့်၊ ပြောသင့်စွာထက် ပိုကဲရေ။ #: ''"မင်းစကားပြောစွာ ရွန် (လွန်)ရေ"'' (အရပ်) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # To [[Wt/rki/exceed|exceed]], surpass, or go beyond the proper limit; to be excessive or overdone. === ဗမာ === # ရှိသင့်၊ ပြုသင့်၊ ပြောသင့်သည်ထက် ပိုကဲသည်။ #: ''"မင်းစကားပြောစွာ ရွန် (လွန်)ရေ"'' (အရပ်) == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] je0h6vqc6xj99v0lxbycvrpj8z8vuvq 0 3786300 7240624 2026-07-06T03:34:10Z အောင်သန်းလှ 2629904 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်ဦး === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔʔú/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သက္ကရာဇ် ၇၉၂ ခုနှစ်မှ ၁၁၄၆ ခုနှစ်ထိ (၅၄) နှစ်မြို့သက်ရှည်ခရေ မင်းစောမွန် တည်ခရေ့ ရခိုင်မင်းရ..." 7240624 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == မြောက်ဦး === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/mɹɔ́ɛʔʔú/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === သက္ကရာဇ် ၇၉၂ ခုနှစ်မှ ၁၁၄၆ ခုနှစ်ထိ (၅၄) နှစ်မြို့သက်ရှည်ခရေ မင်းစောမွန် တည်ခရေ့ ရခိုင်မင်းရို့ဧ့ နောက်ဆုံး မြို့တော်။ (ယင်းမြို့မာ အိမ်ခြေ ငါးသိန်းကျော်လောက် ဟိခရေ ဆိုဧ့။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === city name === ဗမာ === သက္ကရာဇ် ၇၉၂ ခုနှစ်မှ ၁၁၄၆ ခုနှစ်ထိ (၅၄) နှစ်မြို့သက်ရှည်ခဲ့သော မင်းစောမွန် တည်ခဲ့သည့် ရခိုင်မင်းတို့၏ နောက်ဆုံး မြို့တော်။ (ယင်းမြို့တွင် အိမ်ခြေ ငါးသိန်းကျော်ခန့် ရှိခဲ့သည် ဆို၏။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] ecd6q701ujg355y15kqjrwzozjbshlb 0 3786301 7240625 2026-07-06T03:44:02Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန်ကျူး === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴt͡ɕù:/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ကိုယ့်လုပ်ပိုင်ခွင့်ထက် ကျော်လွန်ပနာ ပြုလုပ်တေ။ # သူတပါး သားမယားကို မှောက်မှားရေ။ === အင်..." 7240625 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန်ကျူး === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴt͡ɕù:/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ကိုယ့်လုပ်ပိုင်ခွင့်ထက် ကျော်လွန်ပနာ ပြုလုပ်တေ။ # သူတပါး သားမယားကို မှောက်မှားရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # To [[Wt/rki/exceed|exceed]] one's authority; to overstep one's bounds or mandate. # To [[Wt/rki/commit|commit]] [[Wt/rki/adultery|adultery]]; to transgress or misbehave with another's spouse. === ဗမာ === # မိမိပြုလုပ်ပိုင်ခွင့်ထက် ကျော်လွန်၍ ပြုလုပ်သည်။ # သူတစ်ပါး သားမယားကို မှောက်မှားသည်။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 875gvfttkezodgzef4zzdb9e6n6ugb7 0 3786302 7240626 2026-07-06T03:52:58Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််ကြိုး === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ ɹʊ̀ɴt͡ɕó/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # တစ်ဘက်နှင့် တစ်ဘက် အားပြိုင်၍ ဆွဲသောကြိုး။ # တုပ်ချည်ဆွဲဆိုင်းထားရန် လိမ..." 7240626 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််ကြိုး === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ ɹʊ̀ɴt͡ɕó/}} === ကြိယာဝိသေသန === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာဝိသေသန}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # တစ်ဘက်နှင့် တစ်ဘက် အားပြိုင်၍ ဆွဲသောကြိုး။ # တုပ်ချည်ဆွဲဆိုင်းထားရန် လိမ်ကျစ်ထားသော ကြိုး။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # As a [[Wt/rki/tug-of-war|tug-of-war]] rope; in the manner of a rope used for contesting strength. # As a [[Wt/rki/binding|binding]] or suspension rope; in the manner of a tightly twisted cord for tying. === ဗမာ === # တစ်ဘက်နှင့် တစ်ဘက် အားပြိုင်၍ ဆွဲသောကြိုး။ # တုပ်ချည်ဆွဲဆိုင်းထားရန် လိမ်ကျစ်ထားသော ကြိုး။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 6ntdf9qf2z0nriwyj8326kj1apwrpsr 7240627 7240626 2026-07-06T03:54:16Z Retkhaberi 2609544 7240627 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််ကြိုး === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ ɹʊ̀ɴt͡ɕó/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # တစ်ဘက်နှင့် တစ်ဘက် အားပြိုင်၍ ဆွဲသောကြိုး။ # တုပ်ချည်ဆွဲဆိုင်းထားရန် လိမ်ကျစ်ထားသော ကြိုး။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # As a [[Wt/rki/tug-of-war|tug-of-war]] rope; in the manner of a rope used for contesting strength. # As a [[Wt/rki/binding|binding]] or suspension rope; in the manner of a tightly twisted cord for tying. === ဗမာ === # တစ်ဘက်နှင့် တစ်ဘက် အားပြိုင်၍ ဆွဲသောကြိုး။ # တုပ်ချည်ဆွဲဆိုင်းထားရန် လိမ်ကျစ်ထားသော ကြိုး။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 0330epcp3b1fjr9l3a9dvmlxfixc0ay 0 3786303 7240628 2026-07-06T04:02:13Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန်ကျွံ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴt͡ɕwəɴ/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ပြုလုပ်ပြုသင့်စွာထက် ပိုကဲစွာ ပြုလုပ်ရေ။ အတိုင်းအဆ ဟိသင့်စွာထက် လွန်ကဲရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် =..." 7240628 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန်ကျွံ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴt͡ɕwəɴ/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ပြုလုပ်ပြုသင့်စွာထက် ပိုကဲစွာ ပြုလုပ်ရေ။ အတိုင်းအဆ ဟိသင့်စွာထက် လွန်ကဲရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # To [[Wt/rki/overdo|overdo]], exceed, or go beyond the proper measure; to be excessive in one's actions. === ဗမာ === # ပြုလုပ်ပြုသင့်သည်ထက် ပိုကဲစွာ ပြုလုပ်သည်။ အတိုင်းအဆ ရှိသင့်သည်ထက် လွန်ကဲသည်။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] cnhc248wjzuzr4dyph77d8gudjmv3h0 0 3786304 7240629 2026-07-06T04:05:37Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််ဆန် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴsʰàɴ/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # တယောက်ယောက်၏ အဆုံးအမ၊ မိန့်ဆိုပြောကြားချက် စစွာကို ပယ်လှန်ဆန့်ကျင်ရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # To Wt/..." 7240629 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််ဆန် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴsʰàɴ/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # တယောက်ယောက်၏ အဆုံးအမ၊ မိန့်ဆိုပြောကြားချက် စစွာကို ပယ်လှန်ဆန့်ကျင်ရေ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # To [[Wt/rki/disobey|disobey]], [[Wt/rki/defy|defy]], rebel against, or oppose someone's advice, teachings, or instructions. === ဗမာ === # တစ်ဦးတစ်ယောက်၏ အဆုံးအမ၊ မိန့်ဆိုပြောကြားချက် စသည်ကို ပယ်လှန်ဆန့်ကျင်သည်။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] ltvh242qsd5jb5rv209h718fhg5sqal 0 3786305 7240630 2026-07-06T04:11:03Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််ဆွဲ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴsʰwɛ/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # တဖက်နန့်တဖက် စုပေါင်းအင်အားပြိုင်ရန် ကြိုးအဖျားတဖက်စီမှ အပြိုင်ဆွဲရေ။ (ရခိုင်ရို့၏ ယို..." 7240630 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််ဆွဲ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴsʰwɛ/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # တဖက်နန့်တဖက် စုပေါင်းအင်အားပြိုင်ရန် ကြိုးအဖျားတဖက်စီမှ အပြိုင်ဆွဲရေ။ (ရခိုင်ရို့၏ ယိုင်ကျေးမှုရာသီပွဲအလိုက် တပိုးတွဲလတွင် ရထားဆွဲကတ်တေ။) #: ''"ရထားသူကြီး၊ ရွန်မပီး ရွန်ပီးလို့ပင်၊ မဆွဲချင်။"'' (တေး) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # To engage in a [[Wt/rki/tug-of-war|tug-of-war]]; to pull a rope from opposite sides to contest strength. === ဗမာ === # တစ်ဘက်နှင့်တစ်ဘက် စုပေါင်းအင်အားပြိုင်ရန် ကြိုးအဖျားတစ်ဘက်စီမှ အပြိုင်ဆွဲသည်။ (ရခိုင်တို့၏ ယဉ်ကျေးမှုရာသီပွဲအလိုက် တပိုးတွဲလတွင် ရထားဆွဲငင်ကြသည်။) #: ''"ရထားသူကြီး၊ ရွန်မပီး ရွန်ပီးလို့ပင်၊ မဆွဲချင်။"'' (တေး) == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] fb30yiccwswino0fsad0cqilj0wyojf 0 3786306 7240631 2026-07-06T04:13:55Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််ပူ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴpù/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === လက်ကိုင်ကောက် ထိပ်ဖူးနန့် ဖိပြီး အသွားရစ်လည်ပနာ ဝင်အောင်လှည့်ဖောက်ရရေ ကိရိယာ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === A..." 7240631 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််ပူ === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴpù/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === လက်ကိုင်ကောက် ထိပ်ဖူးနန့် ဖိပြီး အသွားရစ်လည်ပနာ ဝင်အောင်လှည့်ဖောက်ရရေ ကိရိယာ။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === An auger, gimlet, or brace-and-bit drill (a hand tool used for boring holes). === ဗမာ === လက်ကိုင်ကောက် ထိပ်ဖူးဖြင့် ဖိ၍ အသွားရစ်လည်၍ ဝင်အောင်လှည့်ဖောက်ရသော ကိရိယာ။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] a6gbtyz5jomb9ae6jk1emygiz1i1bi7 0 3786307 7240632 2026-07-06T04:17:10Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််မြောက် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴmɹɔ́ɛʔ/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # အဟန့်အတား အခက်အခဲတခုခုကို ဖြတ်သန်းပေါက်ရောက်တေ။ #: ''"နှစ်ရက် ရွန်မြောက် သုံးရက်ရောက်..." 7240632 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််မြောက် === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴmɹɔ́ɛʔ/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # အဟန့်အတား အခက်အခဲတခုခုကို ဖြတ်သန်းပေါက်ရောက်တေ။ #: ''"နှစ်ရက် ရွန်မြောက် သုံးရက်ရောက်က"'' === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # To [[Wt/rki/overcome|overcome]], surmount, or pass through an obstacle or difficulty; to elapse or pass away (of time). === ဗမာ === # တစ်စုံတစ်ခုသော အဟန့်အတား အခက်အခဲကို ဖြတ်သန်းပေါက်ရောက်သည်။ #: ''"နှစ်ရက် ရွန်မြောက် သုံးရက်ရောက်က"'' == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] nq9h9kgmag5qzmewrvavr6kjm9uaskj 0 3786308 7240633 2026-07-06T04:20:08Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််ရွန်း === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴɹʊ́ɴ/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ကောင်းကောင်းပိုရေ။ #: ''"မင်းစကား ရွန်ရွန်းရေ"'' (အရပ်) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # To [[Wt/rki/exceed|exceed]] greatly, be highly excessive, or ex..." 7240633 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််ရွန်း === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴɹʊ́ɴ/}} === ကြိယာ === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|ကြိယာ}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ကောင်းကောင်းပိုရေ။ #: ''"မင်းစကား ရွန်ရွန်းရေ"'' (အရပ်) === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # To [[Wt/rki/exceed|exceed]] greatly, be highly excessive, or exaggerate immensely. === ဗမာ === # အထူးပိုကဲသည်။ #: ''"မင်းစကား ရွန်ရွန်းရေ"'' (အရပ်) == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] 73qsb2flx53vy1vz93eknfewxnkceyh 0 3786309 7240635 2026-07-06T04:23:48Z Retkhaberi 2609544 Created page with "== {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််သွား === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴθWà/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ရစ်လှည့်ထိုးဖောက်တေ ကိရိယာ၏ အသွား။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # The [[Wt/rki/bit|bit]] or [[Wt/rki/tip|tip]] of an auger, gimlet, or drill (the cutting end of a boring tool). ==..." 7240635 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{Wt/rki/=rki=}} == ရွန််သွား === အသံထွက် === * {{Wt/rki/RKI_IPA|/ɹʊ̀ɴθWà/}} === နာမ် === *{{Wt/rki/head|rki|နာမ်}} === ဖွင့်ဆိုချက် === # ရစ်လှည့်ထိုးဖောက်တေ ကိရိယာ၏ အသွား။ === အင်္ဂလိပ် === # The [[Wt/rki/bit|bit]] or [[Wt/rki/tip|tip]] of an auger, gimlet, or drill (the cutting end of a boring tool). === ဗမာ === # ရစ်လှည့်ထိုးဖောက်သော ကိရိယာ၏ အသွား။ == ကိုးကား == * {{Template:Wt/rki/R:rki:WTV}} [[Category:Wt/rki]] og81loj7evwba6n8opp0j4ixoaa6gkv 0 3786310 7240668 2026-07-06T06:31:03Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=朝廷}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/yamun|yamun]]; [[Wt/mnc/gurun|gurun]]" 7240668 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=朝廷}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/yamun|yamun]]; [[Wt/mnc/gurun|gurun]] s78j0tegv1dmqz5oxbr47vrueup4hdz 0 3786311 7240670 2026-07-06T06:31:35Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=房舍}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/boo|boo]]" 7240670 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=房舍}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/boo|boo]] 2uu9653nsw1zi8zeum83f804rumjgno 10 3786312 7240671 2026-07-06T06:32:04Z Istiklol07 2601906 Created page with "{| class="toccolours vatop infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="float:right; clear:right; width:250px; padding:0px; margin-left:0.5em;border: 1px solid #999999; color: #000; background-color: #F8F8F8; font-size:85%" ! align="center" bgcolor="#DAA520" | {{#if:{{{Namme|}}}|<big>{{{Namme}}}</big>|<big>{{PAGENAME}}</big>}} |- | align="center" width="250" | {{{picture}}} |- {{#if: {{{lûd|}}}| {{!}} align="center" {{!}} {{{lûd}}} {{!}}-}} |- ! align="center" bgc..." 7240671 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="toccolours vatop infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="float:right; clear:right; width:250px; padding:0px; margin-left:0.5em;border: 1px solid #999999; color: #000; background-color: #F8F8F8; font-size:85%" ! align="center" bgcolor="#DAA520" | {{#if:{{{Namme|}}}|<big>{{{Namme}}}</big>|<big>{{PAGENAME}}</big>}} |- | align="center" width="250" | {{{picture}}} |- {{#if: {{{lûd|}}}| {{!}} align="center" {{!}} {{{lûd}}} {{!}}-}} |- ! align="center" bgcolor="#DAA520" | Klasifikɛshɔn |- | {| style="border:0; background-color: #F8F8F8" |- valign=top | '''Kingdom''' || {{{kingdom}}} |- valign=top | '''Phylum''' || {{{phylum}}} |- valign=top | '''Class''' || {{{class}}} |- valign=top | '''Order''' || {{{order}}} |- valign=top | '''Family''' || {{{family}}} |- valign=top | '''Genus''' || {{{genus}}} |} |- ! align="center" bgcolor="#DAA520" | Binomial nem |- ! align="center" | ''{{{Binomial name}}}'' |- | align="center" | <small>{{{Name, year}}}</small> |- | align="center" | {{{IUCN status}}} |- ! align="center" bgcolor="#F8F8F8" | {{#if: {{{distribution|}}} | rεnj fɔ spisis }} |- | align="left" width="250" | {{{distribution}}} |} 2lx5lvqfudu70j849pkibuyw90zvben 0 3786313 7240674 2026-07-06T06:33:47Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=制度}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/kooli|kooli]]; [[Wt/mnc/durun|durun]]" 7240674 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=制度}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/kooli|kooli]]; [[Wt/mnc/durun|durun]] numvi0kgo3q7fam038jb84mu854m5pl 0 3786314 7240676 2026-07-06T06:34:29Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=罪行}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/weile|weile]]" 7240676 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=罪行}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/weile|weile]] 0mfkedla5y8cve9so0wvlzezc87g59r 0 3786315 7240707 2026-07-06T07:50:52Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=技术}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/erdemu|erdemu]]" 7240707 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=技术}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/erdemu|erdemu]] 47jtbqjio3jsuzj117tyx3azj7e2us6 7240724 7240707 2026-07-06T07:57:21Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 /* {{Wt/mnc/-noun-}} */ 7240724 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=技术}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/erdemu|erdemu]] # [[Wt/mnc/saracin|saracin]] be [[Wt/mnc/baitalaci acambi|baitalaci acara]] [[Wt/mnc/arga|arga]] oykbsagjwxiu00884gvhbnmmzuw2h77 0 3786316 7240708 2026-07-06T07:51:44Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=百姓}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/irgen|irgen]]" 7240708 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=百姓}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/irgen|irgen]] l2notvr9q35eslna1gog80ne5hb5xht 0 3786317 7240709 2026-07-06T07:52:14Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=神仙}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/enduri|enduri]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240709 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=神仙}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/enduri|enduri]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] lg9qih2o8b1gd82lssy4bn3ukzjs6qm 0 3786318 7240711 2026-07-06T07:53:15Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=势力}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hūsun|hūsun]]; [[Wt/mnc/arbun|arbun]]; [[Wt/mnc/horon|horon]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240711 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=势力}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/hūsun|hūsun]]; [[Wt/mnc/arbun|arbun]]; [[Wt/mnc/horon|horon]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] fi1fkhhvqxboujiqp7hg25b1az67jkh 0 3786319 7240717 2026-07-06T07:54:27Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=平安}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/elhe|elhe]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240717 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=平安}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/elhe|elhe]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] lpxas6d6kq77qski0793jp9gh81dghc 10 3786320 7240720 2026-07-06T07:55:27Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/mnc/etymology/templates|borrowed}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{bor|und|und|term}}{{documentation}}</noinclude>" 7240720 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/mnc/etymology/templates|borrowed}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{bor|und|und|term}}{{documentation}}</noinclude> 1ivo35pvo9jib7vcwtczhh9w8ekbyng 7240721 7240720 2026-07-06T07:56:00Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240721 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Wt/mnc/etymology/templates|borrowed}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Wt/mnc/bor|und|und|term}}{{documentation}}</noinclude> 83o62l88jgh44jjm0nanytplelhybo8 10 3786321 7240723 2026-07-06T07:56:32Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Redirected page to [[Template:Wt/mnc/borrowed]] 7240723 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wt/mnc/borrowed]] lvtem6lx3yx5ey5kqug6aync88spt76 828 3786322 7240726 2026-07-06T07:59:10Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub local sub = mw.ustring.sub local len = mw.ustring.len local match = mw.ustring.match local lower = mw.ustring.lower local split_tone = { ["ă"] = "a".."̆", ["ĕ"] = "e".."̆", ["ĭ"] = "i".."̆", ["ŏ"] = "o".."̆", ["ŭ"] = "u".."̆", ["ā"] = "a".."̄", ["ē"] = "e".."̄", ["ī"] = "i".."̄", ["ō"] = "o".."̄", ["ū"] = "u".."̄", ["á"] = "a".."́", ["é"] = "e".."́", ["í"] = "i".."́", ["ó"] = "o".."́", ["ú"]..." 7240726 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub local sub = mw.ustring.sub local len = mw.ustring.len local match = mw.ustring.match local lower = mw.ustring.lower local split_tone = { ["ă"] = "a".."̆", ["ĕ"] = "e".."̆", ["ĭ"] = "i".."̆", ["ŏ"] = "o".."̆", ["ŭ"] = "u".."̆", ["ā"] = "a".."̄", ["ē"] = "e".."̄", ["ī"] = "i".."̄", ["ō"] = "o".."̄", ["ū"] = "u".."̄", ["á"] = "a".."́", ["é"] = "e".."́", ["í"] = "i".."́", ["ó"] = "o".."́", ["ú"] = "u".."́", ["à"] = "a".."̀", ["è"] = "e".."̀", ["ì"] = "i".."̀", ["ò"] = "o".."̀", ["ù"] = "u".."̀", ["â"] = "a".."̂", ["ê"] = "e".."̂", ["î"] = "i".."̂", ["ô"] = "o".."̂", ["û"] = "u".."̂", } local tone_from_mark = { [""] = 1, ["̆"] = 1, ["̆k"] = 7, ["̆h"] = 7, ["̄"] = 2, ["́"] = 3, ["́k"] = "4A", ["́h"] = "4B", ["̀"] = 5, ["̂"] = 6 } local initial_ipa = { ["b"] = { ["unchanged"] = "p", ["lenited"] = "<sup>(p-)</sup>β", ["nasal"] = "<sup>(p-)</sup>m" }, ["p"] = { ["unchanged"] = "pʰ", ["lenited"] = "<sup>(pʰ-)</sup>β", ["nasal"] = "<sup>(pʰ-)</sup>m" }, ["m"] = { ["unchanged"] = "m", ["lenited"] = "m", ["nasal"] = "m" }, ["d"] = { ["unchanged"] = "t", ["lenited"] = "<sup>(t-)</sup>l", ["nasal"] = "<sup>(t-)</sup>n" }, ["t"] = { ["unchanged"] = "tʰ", ["lenited"] = "<sup>(tʰ-)</sup>l", ["nasal"] = "<sup>(tʰ-)</sup>n" }, ["n"] = { ["unchanged"] = "nˡ", ["lenited"] = "nˡ", ["nasal"] = "nˡ" }, ["l"] = { ["unchanged"] = "l̃", ["lenited"] = "l̃", ["nasal"] = "<sup>(l-)</sup>nˡ" }, ["g"] = { ["unchanged"] = "k", ["lenited"] = "<sup>(k-)</sup>", ["nasal"] = "<sup>(k-)</sup>ŋ" }, ["k"] = { ["unchanged"] = "kʰ", ["lenited"] = "<sup>(kʰ-)</sup>", ["nasal"] = "<sup>(kʰ-)</sup>ŋ" }, ["ng"] = { ["unchanged"] = "ŋ", ["lenited"] = "ŋ", ["nasal"] = "ŋ" }, ["h"] = { ["unchanged"] = "h", ["lenited"] = "<sup>(h-)</sup>", ["nasal"] = "<sup>(h-)</sup>ŋ" }, ["c"] = { ["unchanged"] = "t͡s", ["lenited"] = "<sup>(t͡s-)</sup>ʒ", ["nasal"] = "<sup>(t͡s-)</sup>ʒ" }, ["ch"] = { ["unchanged"] = "t͡sʰ", ["lenited"] = "<sup>(t͡sʰ-)</sup>ʒ", ["nasal"] = "<sup>(t͡sʰ-)</sup>ʒ" }, ["s"] = { ["unchanged"] = "s", ["lenited"] = "<sup>(s-)</sup>l", ["nasal"] = "<sup>(s-)</sup>n" }, [""] = { ["unchanged"] = "", ["lenited"] = "", ["nasal"] = "<sup>(Ø-)</sup>ŋ" }, } local final_ipa = { ["a"] = { ["closed"] = "a", ["open"] = "ɑ" }, ["a̤"] = { ["closed"] = "ɛ", ["open"] = "ɑ" }, ["ae̤"] = { ["closed"] = "œ", ["open"] = "ɔ" }, ["ae̤h"] = { ["closed"] = "øyʔ", ["open"] = "ɔyʔ" },--see [[茉莉]] ["ae̤k"] = { ["closed"] = "øyʔ", ["open"] = "ɔyʔ" }, ["ae̤ng"] = { ["closed"] = "øyŋ", ["open"] = "ɔyŋ" }, ["ah"] = { ["closed"] = "aʔ", ["open"] = "ɑʔ" }, ["a̤h"] = { ["closed"] = "ɛʔ", ["open"] = "ɑʔ" }, ["ai"] = { ["closed"] = "ai", ["open"] = "ɑi" }, ["aik"] = { ["closed"] = "ɛiʔ", ["open"] = "aiʔ" }, ["aing"] = { ["closed"] = "ɛiŋ", ["open"] = "aiŋ" }, ["aiu"] = { ["closed"] = "ɛu", ["open"] = "ɑu" }, ["ak"] = { ["closed"] = "aʔ", ["open"] = "ɑʔ" }, ["ang"] = { ["closed"] = "aŋ", ["open"] = "ɑŋ" }, ["au"] = { ["closed"] = "au", ["open"] = "ɑu" }, ["auk"] = { ["closed"] = "ouʔ", ["open"] = "ɑuʔ" }, ["aung"] = { ["closed"] = "ouŋ", ["open"] = "ɑuŋ" }, ["e"] = { ["closed"] = "i", ["open"] = "ɛi" }, ["e̤"] = { ["closed"] = "œ", ["open"] = "ɔ" }, ["eh"] = { ["closed"] = "ɛiʔ", ["open"] = "ɛiʔ" },--see [[茉莉]] ["e̤h"] = { ["closed"] = "œʔ", ["open"] = "œʔ" }, ["ek"] = { ["closed"] = "ɛiʔ", ["open"] = "aiʔ" }, ["ek2"] = { ["closed"] = "iʔ", ["open"] = "ɛiʔ" }, ["e̤k"] = { ["closed"] = "øyʔ", ["open"] = "ɔyʔ" }, ["eng"] = { ["closed"] = "ɛiŋ", ["open"] = "aiŋ" }, ["eng2"] = { ["closed"] = "iŋ", ["open"] = "ɛiŋ" }, ["e̤ng"] = { ["closed"] = "øyŋ", ["open"] = "ɔyŋ" }, ["eu"] = { ["closed"] = "ɛu", ["open"] = "ɑu" }, ["eu2"] = { ["closed"] = "ieu", ["open"] = "iɛu" }, ["e̤ṳ"] = { ["closed"] = "y", ["open"] = "øy" }, ["e̤ṳk"] = { ["closed"] = "yʔ", ["open"] = "øyʔ" }, ["e̤ṳng"] = { ["closed"] = "yŋ", ["open"] = "øyŋ" }, ["i"] = { ["closed"] = "i", ["open"] = "ɛi" }, ["ia"] = { ["closed"] = "ia", ["open"] = "iɑ" }, ["iah"] = { ["closed"] = "iaʔ", ["open"] = "iɑʔ" }, ["iak"] = { ["closed"] = "iaʔ", ["open"] = "iɑʔ" }, ["iang"] = { ["closed"] = "iaŋ", ["open"] = "iɑŋ" }, ["iau"] = { ["closed"] = "iau", ["open"] = "iau" }, ["ie"] = { ["closed"] = "ie", ["open"] = "iɛ" }, ["ieh"] = { ["closed"] = "ieʔ", ["open"] = "iɛʔ" }, ["iek"] = { ["closed"] = "ieʔ", ["open"] = "iɛʔ" }, ["ieng"] = { ["closed"] = "ieŋ", ["open"] = "iɛŋ" }, ["ieu"] = { ["closed"] = "ieu", ["open"] = "iɛu" }, ["ih"] = { ["closed"] = "iʔ", ["open"] = "ɛiʔ" }, ["ik"] = { ["closed"] = "iʔ", ["open"] = "ɛiʔ" }, ["ing"] = { ["closed"] = "iŋ", ["open"] = "ɛiŋ" }, ["io"] = { ["closed"] = "yo", ["open"] = "yɔ" }, ["ioh"] = { ["closed"] = "yoʔ", ["open"] = "yɔʔ" }, ["iok"] = { ["closed"] = "yoʔ", ["open"] = "yɔʔ" }, ["iong"] = { ["closed"] = "yoŋ", ["open"] = "yɔŋ" }, ["iu"] = { ["closed"] = "ieu", ["open"] = "iɛu" }, ["ng"] = { ["closed"] = "ŋ̍", ["open"] = "ŋ̍" }, ["o"] = { ["closed"] = "u", ["open"] = "ou" }, ["o̤"] = { ["closed"] = "o", ["open"] = "ɔ" }, ["oh"] = { ["closed"] = "uʔ", ["open"] = "ouʔ" }, ["o̤h"] = { ["closed"] = "oʔ", ["open"] = "ɔʔ" }, ["oi"] = { ["closed"] = "øy", ["open"] = "ɔy" }, ["oi2"] = { ["closed"] = "ui", ["open"] = "ui" }, ["o̤i"] = { ["closed"] = "øy", ["open"] = "ɔy" }, ["ok"] = { ["closed"] = "ouʔ", ["open"] = "ɔuʔ" }, ["ok2"] = { ["closed"] = "uʔ", ["open"] = "ouʔ" }, ["o̤k"] = { ["closed"] = "oʔ", ["open"] = "ɔʔ" }, --see [[汝各儂]] ["ong"] = { ["closed"] = "ouŋ", ["open"] = "ɔuŋ" }, ["ong2"] = { ["closed"] = "uŋ", ["open"] = "ouŋ" }, ["u"] = { ["closed"] = "u", ["open"] = "ou" }, ["ṳ"] = { ["closed"] = "y", ["open"] = "øy" }, ["ua"] = { ["closed"] = "ua", ["open"] = "uɑ" }, ["uah"] = { ["closed"] = "uaʔ", ["open"] = "uɑʔ" }, ["uai"] = { ["closed"] = "uai", ["open"] = "uɑi" }, ["uak"] = { ["closed"] = "uaʔ", ["open"] = "uɑʔ" }, ["uang"] = { ["closed"] = "uaŋ", ["open"] = "uɑŋ" }, ["ui"] = { ["closed"] = "ui", ["open"] = "ui" }, ["uk"] = { ["closed"] = "uʔ", ["open"] = "ouʔ" }, ["ṳk"] = { ["closed"] = "yʔ", ["open"] = "øyʔ" }, ["ung"] = { ["closed"] = "uŋ", ["open"] = "ouŋ" }, ["ṳng"] = { ["closed"] = "yŋ", ["open"] = "øyŋ" }, ["uo"] = { ["closed"] = "uo", ["open"] = "uɔ" }, ["uoh"] = { ["closed"] = "uoʔ", ["open"] = "uɔʔ" }, ["uoi"] = { ["closed"] = "ui", ["open"] = "ui" }, ["uok"] = { ["closed"] = "uoʔ", ["open"] = "uɔʔ" }, ["uong"] = { ["closed"] = "uoŋ", ["open"] = "uɔŋ" }, } local tone_ipa = { ["1"] = "⁵⁵", --陰平 ["2"] = "³³", --上聲 ["3"] = "²¹³", --陰去 ["4A"] = "²⁴", --陰入-甲 (-k) ["4B"] = "²⁴", --陰入-乙 (-h) ["5"] = "⁵³", --陽平 ["6"] = "²⁴²", --陽去 ["7"] = "⁵", --陽入 ["8"] = "²¹", --半陰去 ["9"] = "³⁵", --半陽去 ["-"] = "⁻", ["("] = "⁽", [")"] = "⁾", } local tone_sandhi = { ["A-I"] = "1", ["A-II"] = "1", ["A-III"] = "5", ["A-IV"] = "5", ["B-I"] = "8", ["B-II"] = "8", ["B-III"] = "9", ["B-IV"] = "1", ["C-I"] = "1", ["C-II"] = "2", ["C-III"] = "2", ["C-IV"] = "8", ["A-A-I"] = "8-1", ["A-A-II"] = "8-1", ["A-A-III"] = "8-5", ["A-A-IV"] = "8-5", ["A-B-I"] = "8-8", ["A-B-II"] = "8-8", ["A-B-III"] = "8-9", ["A-B-IV"] = "8-1", ["B-A-I"] = "8-1", ["B-A-II"] = "8-1", ["B-A-III"] = "8-5", ["B-A-IV"] = "8-5", ["B-B-I"] = "8-8", ["B-B-II"] = "8-8", ["B-B-III"] = "8-9", ["B-B-IV"] = "8-1", ["C-A-I"] = "8-1", ["C-A-II"] = "8-1", ["C-A-III"] = "8-5", ["C-A-IV"] = "8-5", ["C-B-I"] = "8-8", ["C-B-II"] = "8-8", ["C-B-III"] = "8-9", ["C-B-IV"] = "8-1", ["A-C-I"] = "1-1", ["A-C-II"] = "1-1", ["A-C-III"] = "5-2", ["A-C-IV"] = "5-8", ["B-C-I"] = "9-2", ["B-C-II"] = "9-2", ["B-C-III"] = "9-2", ["B-C-IV"] = "1-8", ["C-C-I"] = "2-2", ["C-C-II"] = "2-2", ["C-C-III"] = "2-2", ["C-C-IV"] = "8-8", } local sylcat = { [1] = { ["1"] = "A", ["3"] = "A", ["4B"] = "A", ["6"] = "A", ["2"] = "B", ["4A"] = "B", ["5"] = "C", ["7"] = "C" }, [2] = { ["1"] = "I", ["5"] = "II", ["7"] = "II", ["2"] = "III", ["3"] = "IV", ["6"] = "IV", ["4A"] = "IV", ["4B"] = "IV" } } local diminutive_sandhi = { ["1"] = "2", ["2"] = "2", ["5"] = "2", ["3"] = "8", ["4A"] = "8", ["4B"] = "8", ["6"] = "8", ["7"] = "7" } local dual_rimes = { ["ong"] = true, ["ok"] = true, ["eng"] = true, ["ek"] = true, ["eu"] = true, ["oi"] = true, } local neg_assim = { ["labial"] = "<sup>(ŋ̍-)</sup>m̩", ["dental"] = "<sup>(ŋ̍-)</sup>n̩", ["velar"] = "<sup>(ŋ̍-)</sup>ŋ̍", ["alone"] = "<sup>(ŋ̍-)</sup>ŋ̍/m̩/n̩", } local neg_type = { ["b"] = "labial", ["p"] = "labial", ["m"] = "labial", ["d"] = "dental", ["t"] = "dental", ["n"] = "dental", ["l"] = "dental", ["s"] = "dental", ["c"] = "dental", ["✘"] = "alone", } local initial_string = "^([bpmdtnlgkhcs]?[gh]?)" function export.rom(text) return (text :gsub("/", " / ") :gsub("[!\\]", "") :gsub(">([^> %-]+)", "<sup>→%1</sup>")) end function export.sentence(text) local sentence = {} text = gsub(text, "[,%.%?!;:']", "") for word in mw.text.gsplit(lower(text), " ", true) do table.insert(sentence, export.ipa(word)) end return table.concat(sentence, " ") end local function determ_tone(text) local tone = gsub(gsub(text, ".", split_tone), "^[^̆̄́̀̂hk]*([̆̄́̀̂]?)[^̆̄́̀̂hk]*([hk]?)$", function(tone_symbol, coda) return tone_from_mark[tone_symbol..coda] end) return tone end function export.ipa(text, feature) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end text = lower(text) local phrase_result = {} local words = mw.text.split(text, "/") for _, word in ipairs(words) do local word_result = {} local parts = mw.text.split(word, " ") for _, part in ipairs(parts) do local initial, final, tone, tone_conv, ipa, exc = {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {} local lenition_blocked, ablaut_blocked, diminutive = {}, {}, {} local syllables = mw.text.split(part, "-") for index, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do syllable = gsub(syllable, "\\$", function(diminutive_syllable) diminutive[index] = true return "" end) syllable = gsub(syllable, "!$", function(ablaut_syllable) ablaut_blocked[index] = true return "" end) syllable = gsub(syllable, "%*", function(captured_initial) lenition_blocked[index] = true return "" end) if match(syllable, ">") then tone[index] = determ_tone(gsub(gsub(gsub(syllable, ">[^>]+$", ""), initial_string, ""), ".", split_tone)) syllable = gsub(syllable, "[^>]+>", "") exc[index] = determ_tone(gsub(syllable, initial_string, "")) end initial[index] = match(syllable, initial_string) final[index] = sub(syllable, len(initial[index]) + 1, -1) final[index] = gsub(final[index], ".", split_tone) tone[index] = exc[index] and tone[index] or determ_tone(final[index]) final[index] = gsub(final[index], "[̆̄́̀̂]", "") if dual_rimes[final[index]] and match(tostring(tone[index]), "[346]") then final[index] = final[index] .. "2" end final[index] = match(initial[index] .. final[index], "[dtnlcs]h?io") and gsub(final[index], "io", "uo") or final[index] if (initial[index] .. final[index]) == "ng" then initial[index], final[index] = "", "ng" end end if #syllables == 1 or feature == "no_sandhi" then tone_conv = tone elseif #syllables == 2 then tone_conv = { tone[1].."-"..(tone_sandhi[sylcat[1][exc[1] or tone[1]].."-"..sylcat[2][tone[2]]]), tone[2] } elseif #syllables == 3 then sandhi = mw.text.split(tone_sandhi[sylcat[1][exc[1] or tone[1]].."-".. sylcat[1][exc[2] or tone[2]].."-"..sylcat[2][tone[3]]], "-") tone_conv = { tone[1].."-"..sandhi[1], tone[2].."-"..sandhi[2], tone[3] } elseif #syllables == 4 then tone_conv = { tone[1].."-"..tone_sandhi[sylcat[1][exc[1] or tone[1]].."-"..sylcat[2][tone[2]]], tone[2].."(-8)", tone[3].."-"..tone_sandhi[sylcat[1][exc[3] or tone[3]].."-"..sylcat[2][tone[4]]], tone[4] } end for index = 1, #syllables do if diminutive[index] then tone_conv[index] = gsub(tone_conv[index], "%-.+$", "-" .. diminutive_sandhi[tone[index]]) end if (match(tostring(tone_conv[index]), "[346][AB]?$") and (#syllables == 1 or index == #syllables)) or ablaut_blocked[index] then final[index] = final_ipa[final[index]]["open"] else final[index] = final_ipa[final[index]]["closed"] end local initial_state = (index == 1 or match(syllables[index-1], "k!?\\?$") or lenition_blocked[index]) and "unchanged" or (match(final[index-1], "[ŋ̩̍]$") and "nasal" or "lenited") initial[index] = initial_ipa[initial[index]][initial_state] if final[index] == "ŋ̍" then final[index] = neg_assim[neg_type[sub(syllables[index + 1] or "✘", 1, 1)] or "velar"] end tone_conv[index] = gsub(tone_conv[index], "([1-9AB]+)%-([1-9AB]+)", function(original, sandhi) if original == sandhi then return original end end) tone_conv[index] = gsub(tone_conv[index], "([1-9%-%(%)][AB]?)", tone_ipa) ipa[index] = initial[index] .. final[index] .. tone_conv[index] end table.insert(word_result, table.concat(ipa, " ")) end table.insert(phrase_result, table.concat(word_result, " ")) end return table.concat(phrase_result, "/, /") end return export tb28193z69xentn6mz43mvyyat181dc 828 3786323 7240727 2026-07-06T07:59:26Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local require_when_needed = require("Module:Wt/mnc/utilities/require when needed") local languages_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/languages" local links_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/links" local full_link = require_when_needed(links_module, "full_link") local getByCode = require_when_needed(languages_module, "getByCode") local find = m_str_utils.find local gsplit = m_str_utils.gsplit local gsub = m_str_..." 7240727 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_str_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local require_when_needed = require("Module:Wt/mnc/utilities/require when needed") local languages_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/languages" local links_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/links" local full_link = require_when_needed(links_module, "full_link") local getByCode = require_when_needed(languages_module, "getByCode") local find = m_str_utils.find local gsplit = m_str_utils.gsplit local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local sub = m_str_utils.sub local match = m_str_utils.match local len = m_str_utils.len local lower = m_str_utils.lower local split = m_str_utils.split local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD local poj_tone_marks = "́" .. "̀" .. "̂" .. "̌" .. "̄" .. "̍" .. "̋" .. "̆" local psdb_initial = { ["p"] = "'p", ["ph"] = "ph", ["b"] = "'b", ["t"] = "'d", ["th"] = "'t", ["k"] = "'k", ["kh"] = "'q", ["g"] = "'g", ["chi"] = "c", ["ch"] = "z", ["chhi"] = "ch", ["chh"] = "zh", ["si"] = "s", ["s"] = "s", ["j"] = "j", ["l"] = "l", ["h"] = "'h", ["m"] = "m", ["n"] = "n", ["ng"] = "ng", [""] = "'" } local function psdb_final(text) local basic_psdb = { --single vowel tone 12357 ["a1"] = "af", ["a2"] = "ar", ["a3"] = "ax", ["a5"] = "aa", ["a7"] = "a", ["i1"] = "y", ["i2"] = "ie", ["i3"] = "ix", ["i5"] = "ii", ["i7"] = "i", ["u1"] = "w", ["u2"] = "uo", ["u3"] = "ux", ["u5"] = "uu", ["u7"] = "u", ["e1"] = "ef", ["e2"] = "ea", ["e3"] = "ex", ["e5"] = "ee", ["e7"] = "e", ["oo1"] = "of", ["oo2"] = "or", ["oo3"] = "ox", ["oo5"] = "oo", ["oo7"] = "o", ["o1"] = "oy", ["o2"] = "oir", ["o3"] = "oix", ["o5"] = "ooi", ["o7"] = "oi", ["ng1"] = "'ngf", ["ng2"] = "'ngr", ["ng3"] = "'ngx", ["ng5"] = "'ngg", ["ng7"] = "'ng", ["m1"] = "'mf", ["m2"] = "'mr", ["m3"] = "'mx", ["m5"] = "'mm", ["m7"] = "'m", --double vowel tone 12357 ["ai1"] = "ay", ["ai2"] = "ae", ["ai3"] = "aix", ["ai5"] = "aai", ["ai7"] = "ai", ["au1"] = "aw", ["au2"] = "ao", ["au3"] = "aux", ["au5"] = "aau", ["au7"] = "au", ["ia1"] = "iaf", ["ia2"] = "iar", ["ia3"] = "iax", ["ia5"] = "iaa", ["ia7"] = "ia", ["iau1"] = "iaw", ["iau2"] = "iao", ["iau3"] = "iaux", ["iau5"] = "iaau", ["iau7"] = "iau", ["io1"] = "ioy", ["io2"] = "ioir", ["io3"] = "ioix", ["io5"] = "iooi", ["io7"] = "ioi", ["iu1"] = "iw", ["iu2"] = "iuo", ["iu3"] = "iux", ["iu5"] = "iuu", ["iu7"] = "iu", ["oa1"] = "oaf", ["oa2"] = "oar", ["oa3"] = "oax", ["oa5"] = "oaa", ["oa7"] = "oa", ["oai1"] = "oay", ["oai2"] = "oae", ["oai3"] = "oaix", ["oai5"] = "oaai", ["oai7"] = "oai", ["oe1"] = "oef", ["oe2"] = "oea", ["oe3"] = "oex", ["oe5"] = "oee", ["oe7"] = "oe", ["ui1"] = "uy", ["ui2"] = "uie", ["ui3"] = "uix", ["ui5"] = "uii", ["ui7"] = "ui", --nasal vowel tone 12357 --nasal ending tone 12357 ["ian1"] = "iefn", ["ian2"] = "iern", ["ian3"] = "iexn", ["ian5"] = "ieen", ["ian7"] = "ien", ["iong1"] = "iofng", ["iong2"] = "iorng", ["iong3"] = "ioxng", ["iong5"] = "ioong", ["iong7"] = "iong", --stopped single vowel tone 48 ["op4"] = "ob", ["op8"] = "op", ["ot4"] = "od", ["ot8"] = "ot", ["ok4"] = "og", ["ok8"] = "ok", --stopped double vowel tone 48 ["iop4"] = "iob", ["iop8"] = "iop", ["iot4"] = "iod", ["iot8"] = "iot", ["iok4"] = "iog", ["iok8"] = "iok", } text = gsub(text, "[一二三四五六七八]", {["一"] = "1", ["二"] = "2", ["三"] = "3", ["四"] = "4", ["五"] = "5", ["六"] = "6", ["七"] = "7", ["八"] = "8"}) if find(text, "ⁿ[12357]$") then local basic = gsub(text, "ⁿ", "") basic = gsub(basic, "^o([12357])$", "oo%1") if basic_psdb[basic] then return "v" .. basic_psdb[basic] end elseif find(text, ".[mn]g?[12357]$") and not find(text, "^ian[12357]$") and not find(text, "^iong[12357]$") then local basic = gsub(text, "[mn]g?([12357])$", "%1") local ending = match(text, "([mn]g?)[12357]$") basic = gsub(basic, "^o([12357])$", "oo%1") if basic_psdb[basic] then return basic_psdb[basic] .. ending end elseif find(text, "[ptkh]ⁿ?4$") and not find(text, "^i?o[ptk]4$") then local basic = gsub(text, "[ptkh](ⁿ?)4$", "%1") .. "7" local ending = match(text, "([ptkh])ⁿ?4$") ending = gsub(ending, "[ptkh]",{p = "b", t = "d", k = "g", h = "q"}) if find(basic, "ⁿ") then basic = gsub(basic, "ⁿ", "") basic = gsub(basic, "^o([12357])$", "oo%1") if basic_psdb[basic] then return "v" .. basic_psdb[basic] .. ending end else if basic_psdb[basic] then return basic_psdb[basic] .. ending end end elseif find(text, "[ptkh]ⁿ?8$") and not find(text, "^i?o[ptk]8$") then local basic = gsub(text, "[ptkh](ⁿ?)8$", "%1") .. "7" local ending = match(text, "([ptkh])ⁿ?8$") if find(basic, "ⁿ") then basic = gsub(basic, "ⁿ", "") basic = gsub(basic, "^o([12357])$", "oo%1") if basic_psdb[basic] then return "v" .. basic_psdb[basic] .. ending end else if basic_psdb[basic] then return basic_psdb[basic] .. ending end end else return basic_psdb[text] end end function export.poj_check_invalid(text) if not text then return nil end local correct = toNFD(text) .. "-" local accent = "[" .. poj_tone_marks .. "]" local switch = "%1%3%2%4" local title = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename correct = gsub(correct, "([oO])([ae])(" .. gsub(accent, "̍", "") .. ")([ⁿ%-/ ])", switch) correct = gsub(correct, "([oO])(" .. accent .. ")([ae])([imnptkh][gh]?ⁿ?)", switch) correct = gsub(correct, "([oO]a)(i)(" .. accent .. ")(h?ⁿ?)", switch) correct = gsub(correct, "([aA])([iu])(" .. accent .. ")(h?ⁿ?)", switch) correct = gsub(correct, "([iI])(" .. accent .. ")([aou])(u?[mnptkh]?g?ⁿ?)", switch) correct = gsub(correct, "([iI]a)(u)(" .. accent .. ")(h?ⁿ?)", switch) correct = gsub(correct, "([uU])(i)(" .. accent .. ")([hⁿ]?)", switch) correct = gsub(correct, "([eE])(e)(" .. accent .. ")(h?ⁿ?)", switch) correct = gsub(correct, "([eE])(re)(" .. gsub(accent, "̍", "") .. ")([%-/ ])", switch) -- correct = gsub(correct, "([oO]" .. accent .. ")[ou·]", "%1͘") if find(title, "[子仔]") and title ~= "明仔早" then correct = gsub(correct, "%-" .. toNFD("á") .. "([%- /])", "-仔%1") end correct = toNFC(gsub(correct, "-$", "")) if text ~= correct then error("Invalid POJ input \"" .. text .. "\": please change it to \"" .. correct .. "\"") end return text end function export.poj_to_tl_conv(text) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end local accent = "[" .. poj_tone_marks .. "]?" local conv = { ["e"] = "i", ["E"] = "I", ["o"] = "u", ["O"] = "U" } local function convert2(a, b) return conv[a] .. b end local function convert3(a, b, c) return a .. conv[b] .. c end text = gsub(text, "#", "") text = toNFD(text) text = gsub(text, "仔", "á") text = gsub(text, "%(([^%)]+)%)", "%1-%1-%1") text = gsub(text, "([eE])(̍?k)", convert2) text = gsub(text, "^([^eE]*)([eE])(" .. accent .. "ng)", convert3) text = gsub(text, "(-[^eE]*)([eE])(" .. accent .. "ng)", convert3) text = gsub(text, "([oO])(" .. accent .. "[ae])", convert2) text = gsub(text, "([uU])(" .. accent .. ")([aei])", "%1%3%2") text = gsub(text, "([eE])(" .. accent .. ")(re)", "%1%3%2") text = gsub(text, "([oO]" .. accent .. ")͘", "%1o") text = gsub(text, "(h?)ⁿ", "nn%1") text = gsub(text, "[cC]h", {["ch"] = "ts", ["Ch"] = "Ts"}) text = gsub(text, "̆", "̋") text = gsub(text,'/([^ ])',' / %1') return toNFC(text) end function export.poj_check_syllable(initial, final, loc) local validInitials = { ["p"] = 1, ["ph"] = 1, ["m"] = 1, ["b"] = 1, ["t"] = 1, ["th"] = 1, ["n"] = 1, ["l"] = 1, ["ch"] = 1, ["s"] = 1, ["k"] = 1, ["kh"] = 1, ["ng"] = 1, ["g"] = 1, ["h"] = 1, [""] = 1, } local moreValidInitials = { } moreValidInitials["Xiamen"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Xiamen-d"] = { ["chh"] = 1, ["j"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Tong'an"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Quanzhou"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Jinjiang"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Nan'an"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Hui'an"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Yongchun"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Dehua"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Anxi"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Zhangpu"] = { ["j"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Changtai"] = { ["chh"] = 1, ["j"] = 1 } moreValidInitials["Zhangzhou"] = { ["chh"] = 1, ["j"] = 1 } moreValidInitials["Taipei"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Kaohsiung"] = { ["chh"] = 1, ["j"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Hongmaogang"] = { ["chh"] = 1, ["j"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Dalinpu"] = { ["chh"] = 1, ["j"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Tainan"] = { ["chh"] = 1, ["j"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Lukang"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Yilan"] = { ["chh"] = 1, ["j"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Kinmen"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Longyan"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Singapore"] = { ["chh"] = 1, ["j"] = 1 } moreValidInitials["Penang"] = { ["chh"] = 1, ["f"] = 1, ["d"] = 1, ["j"] = 1, ["sh"] = 1, ["r"] = 1, ["w"] = 1, ["y"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Klang"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } moreValidInitials["Philippines"] = { ["chh"] = 1, } local validFinals = { ["a"] = 1, ["ah"] = 1, ["ai"] = 1, ["aiⁿ"] = 1, ["ak"] = 1, ["am"] = 1, ["an"] = 1, ["aⁿ"] = 1, ["ang"] = 1, ["ap"] = 1, ["at"] = 1, ["au"] = 1, ["auh"] = 1, ["e"] = 1, ["eh"] = 1, ["eng"] = 1, ["i"] = 1, ["ia"] = 1, ["iah"] = 1, ["iak"] = 1, ["iam"] = 1, ["ian"] = 1, ["iaⁿ"] = 1, ["iang"] = 1, ["iap"] = 1, ["iat"] = 1, ["iau"] = 1, ["iauⁿ"] = 1, ["ih"] = 1, ["im"] = 1, ["in"] = 1, ["iⁿ"] = 1, ["io"] = 1, ["ioh"] = 1, ["iok"] = 1, ["iong"] = 1, ["ip"] = 1, ["it"] = 1, ["iu"] = 1, ["m"] = 1, ["ng"] = 1, ["o"] = 1, ["o͘"] = 1, ["oa"] = 1, ["oah"] = 1, ["oai"] = 1, ["oan"] = 1, ["oaⁿ"] = 1, ["oat"] = 1, ["oe"] = 1, ["oeh"] = 1, ["oh"] = 1, ["ok"] = 1, ["oⁿ"] = 1, ["ong"] = 1, ["u"] = 1, ["uh"] = 1, ["ui"] = 1, ["uiⁿ"] = 1, ["un"] = 1, ["ut"] = 1, } local moreValidFinals = { } moreValidFinals["Xiamen"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aih"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["eks"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaih"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oehⁿ"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, ["uihⁿ"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Xiamen-d"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aih"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaih"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oehⁿ"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, ["uihⁿ"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Tong'an"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aih"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["er"] = 1, ["erh"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["ir"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaih"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oang"] = 1, ["oehⁿ"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Quanzhou"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aih"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["er"] = 1, ["erh"] = 1, ["erm"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["ir"] = 1, ["irh"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oang"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, ["uihⁿ"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Jinjiang"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aih"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oang"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, ["uihⁿ"] = 1, ["erm"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Nan'an"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aih"] = 1, ["aihⁿ"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["er"] = 1, ["erh"] = 1, ["erm"] = 1, ["ern"] = 1, ["ert"] = 1, ["erng"] = 1, ["erk"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["ir"] = 1, ["irh"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["iuhⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oang"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, ["uihⁿ"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Hui'an"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aihⁿ"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["er"] = 1, ["erh"] = 1, ["ern"] = 1, ["ert"] = 1, ["em"] = 1, ["en"] = 1, ["ep"] = 1, ["et"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["ir"] = 1, ["irh"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["iuhⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1,["ngh"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oang"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, ["uihⁿ"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Yongchun"] = { ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["er"] = 1, ["erh"] = 1, ["erm"] = 1, ["ern"] = 1, ["ert"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["ir"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oang"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, ["uihⁿ"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Dehua"] = { ["aihⁿ"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["er"] = 1, ["erh"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["erm"] = 1, ["ern"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["ir"] = 1, ["irh"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oang"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["oahⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, ["uihⁿ"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Anxi"] = { ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["er"] = 1, ["erh"] = 1, ["erm"] = 1, ["ir"] = 1, ["irh"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oang"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["oahⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Zhangpu"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ee"] = 1, ["eeh"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["om"] = 1, ["op"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Changtai"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["ioⁿ"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oeⁿ"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["om"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Zhangzhou"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aih"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ee"] = 1, ["eeh"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["ioⁿ"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaih"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["om"] = 1, ["op"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Longyan"] = { ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ee"] = 1, ["ie"] = 1, ["iee"] = 1, ["oee"] = 1, ["ieⁿ"] = 1, ["oeⁿ"] = 1, ["ioa"] = 1, ["ioaⁿ"] = 1, ["ioⁿ"] = 1, ["ir"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Taipei"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aih"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaih"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["om"] = 1, ["op"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Kaohsiung"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aih"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaih"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oeⁿ"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["om"] = 1, ["op"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Hongmaogang"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aihⁿ"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Dalinpu"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aih"] = 1, ["aihⁿ"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["iuhⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaih"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oahⁿ"] = 1, ["oak"] = 1, ["oeⁿ"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, ["uⁿ"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Tainan"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aih"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["ioⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaih"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oeⁿ"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["om"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Lukang"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["er"] = 1, ["erh"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ir"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oeⁿ"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["erm"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, ["uiⁿ"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Yilan"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aih"] = 1, ["aihⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oaih"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oeⁿ"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["om"] = 1, ["op"] = 1, ["uiⁿ"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Kinmen"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["aih"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["er"] = 1, ["erh"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["ir"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaih"] = 1, ["oaihⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oang"] = 1, ["oehⁿ"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Singapore"] = { ["ahⁿ"] = 1, ["auhⁿ"] = 1, ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ee"] = 1, ["ehⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["er"] = 1, ["erh"] = 1, ["ern"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["iauh"] = 1, ["iauhⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["ioⁿ"] = 1, ["ir"] = 1, ["iuh"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["mh"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oang"] = 1, ["oehⁿ"] = 1, ["oeⁿ"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Penang"] = { ["aih"] = 1, ["ee"] = 1, ["eeh"] = 1, ["eek"] = 1, ["eeng"] = 1, ["ei"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["em"] = 1, ["en"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["eoi"] = 1, ["er"] = 1, ["erh"] = 1, ["ern"] = 1, ["ert"] = 1, ["et"] = 1, ["ik"] = 1, ["ing"] = 1, ["ioⁿ"] = 1, ["oaiⁿ"] = 1, ["oang"] = 1, ["o͘h"] = 1, ["oi"] = 1, ["oiⁿ"] = 1, ["om"] = 1, ["on"] = 1, ["ot"] = 1, ["ou"] = 1, ["uk"] = 1, ["um"] = 1, ["ung"] = 1, ["y"] = 1, ["yn"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Klang"] = { ["auⁿ"] = 1, ["ek"] = 1, ["eⁿ"] = 1, ["er"] = 1, ["erh"] = 1, ["erm"] = 1, ["ern"] = 1, ["iahⁿ"] = 1, ["ihⁿ"] = 1, ["ir"] = 1, ["iuⁿ"] = 1, ["ngh"] = 1, ["oang"] = 1, ["ohⁿ"] = 1, ["uih"] = 1, } moreValidFinals["Philippines"] = moreValidFinals["Jinjiang"] local loc_code = { ["Xiamen"] = "x", ["Xiamen-d"] = "a", ["Tong'an"] = "d", ["Quanzhou"] = "q", ["Jinjiang"] = "c", ["Nan'an"] = "n", ["Hui'an"] = "h", ["Zhangpu"] = "u", ["Changtai"] = "o", ["Zhangzhou"] = "z", ["Zhao'an"] = "Z", ["Taipei"] = "t", ["Kaohsiung"] = "k", ["Hongmaogang"] = "H", ["Dalinpu"] = "D", ["Tainan"] = "n", ["Kinmen"] = "j", ["Longyan"] = "l", ["Lukang"] = "L", ["Singapore"] = "s", ["Penang"] = "p", ["Philippines"] = "f", ["Yilan"] = "y", ["Yongchun"] = "Y", } if not ((validInitials[initial] or moreValidInitials[loc][initial]) and (validFinals[final] or moreValidFinals[loc][final])) then --error("The syllable " .. initial .. "+" .. final .. " does not appear to be a valid " .. loc .. " POJ syllable.") return "[[Category:Hokkien terms needing pronunciation attention|" .. loc_code[loc] .. "]]" end return nil end function export.generate_all(text) local nan_pronunc, loc if type(text) == "table" then text, nan_pronunc, loc = text.args[1], text.args[2], text.args["loc"] end local location_list = { ["ap"] = "Anping", ["ax"] = "Anxi", ["cd"] = "Cieding", ["cj"] = "Cijin", ["ct"] = "Changtai", ["cy"] = "Chiayi", ["cyds"] = "Dongshi", ["dh"] = "Dehua", ["gi"] = "Green Island", ["ha"] = "Hui'an", ["hc"] = "Hsinchu", ["hx"] = "Huxi", ["jb"] = "Jibei", ["jj"] = "Jinjiang", ["jl"] = "Jiali", ["kh"] = "Kaohsiung", ["kl"] = "Klang", ["km"] = "Kinmen", ["lb"] = "Lunbei", ["lq"] = "Liuqiu", ["ly"] = "Longyan", ["lk"] = "Lukang", ["md"] = "Medan", ["mg"] = "Magong", ["ml"] = "Mainland", ["na"] = "Nan'an", ["ntct"] = "Caotun", ["ph"] = "Philippines", ["pn"] = "Penang", ["pt"] = "Pingtung", ["px"] = "Pingxi", ["qz"] = "Quanzhou", ["qzd"] = "Quanzhou-d", ["sg"] = "Singapore", ["sghmg"] = "Hongmaogang", ["sgdlp"] = "Dalinpu", ["sx"] = "Sanxia", ["ta"] = "Tong'an", ["tc"] = "Taichung", ["tl"] = "Tianliao", ["tn"] = "Tainan", ["tp"] = "Taipei", ["ts"] = "Tamsui", ["tt"] = "Taitung", ["tx"] = "Taixi", ["wh"] = "Wanhua", ["wq"] = "Wuqi", ["xm"] = "Xiamen", ["xmd"] = "Xiamen-d", ["xy"] = "Xiyu", ["yc"] = "Yongchun", ["yj"] = "Yongjing", ["yl"] = "Yilan", ["ylld"] = "Luodong", ["yltc"] = "Toucheng", ["za"] = "Zhao'an", ["zp"] = "Zhangpu", ["zz"] = "Zhangzhou", ["zzd"] = "Zhangzhou-d", ["tw"] = "Taiwan", ["twt"] = "Taiwan-t", ["twk"] = "Taiwan-k", ["twv"] = "Taiwan-v", ["twvt"] = "Taiwan-vt", ["twvk"] = "Taiwan-vk", ["twd"] = "Taiwan-d", ["twdt"] = "Taiwan-dt", ["twdk"] = "Taiwan-dk", ["twr"] = "Taiwan-r", ["twrt"] = "Taiwan-rt", ["twrk"] = "Taiwan-rk", ["twq"] = "Taiwan-Q", ["twz"] = "Taiwan-Z", } local location_alias = { ["xz"] = "hc", ["sj"] = "hc", ["st"] = "hc", ["kx"] = "kh", ["gm"] = "km", ["jm"] = "km", ["qm"] = "km", ["ln"] = "ly",["lg"] = "lk", ["mk"] = "mg", ["ss"] = "sx", ["sk"] = "sx", ["tz"] = "tc", ["tj"] = "tc", ["em"] = "xm", ["am"] = "xm", ["hm"] = "xm", ["il"] = "yl", ["lc"] = "zz", ["cc"] = "zz (Zhangzhou) or qz (Quanzhou)", ["cz"] = "zz (Zhangzhou) or qz (Quanzhou)" } local location_link = { ["Anping"] = "''[[w:Anping District|Anping]]''", ["Anxi"] = "''[[w:Anxi County|Anxi]]''", ["Caotun"] = "''[[w:Caotun|Caotun]]''", ["Changtai"] = "''[[w:Changtai District|Changtai]]''", ["Chiayi"] = "''[[w:Chiayi|Chiayi]]''", ["Cieding"] = "''[[w:Qieding District|Cieding]]''", ["Cijin"] = "''[[w:Cijin District|Cijin]]''", ["Hongmaogang"] = "''[[w:zh:紅毛港 (高雄市)|Hongmaogang]]''", ["Dalinpu"] = "''[[w:zh:大林蒲|Dalinpu]]''", ["Dehua"] = "''[[w:zh:Dehua County|Dehua]]''", ["Dongshi"] = "''[[w:zh:Dongshi, Chiayi|Dongshi]]''", ["Green Island"] = "''[[w:zh:Green Island, Taiwan|Green Island]]''", ["Hsinchu"] = "''[[w:Hsinchu|Hsinchu]]''", ["Hui'an"] = "''[[w:Hui'an County|Hui'an]]''", ["Huxi"] = "''[[w:Huxi, Penghu|Huxi]]''", ["Jiali"] = "''[[w:Jiali District|Jiali]]''", ["Jibei"] = "''[[w:Jibei Island|Jibei]]''", ["Jinjiang"] = "''[[w:Jinjiang, Fujian|Jinjiang]]''", ["Kaohsiung"] = "''[[w:Kaohsiung|Kaohsiung]]''", ["Kinmen"] = "''[[w:Kinmen|Kinmen]]''", ["Klang"] = "''[[w:Klang (city)|Klang]]''", ["Liuqiu"] = "''[[w:Liuqiu Island|Liuqiu]]''", ["Longyan"] = "''[[w:Longyan dialect|Longyan]]''", ["Lukang"] = "''[[w:Lukang|Lukang]]''", ["Lunbei"] = "''[[w:Lunbei|Lunbei]]''", ["Luodong"] = "''[[w:Luodong|Luodong]]''", ["Magong"] = "''[[w:Magong|Magong]]''", ["Medan"] = "''[[w:Medan Hokkien|Medan]]''", ["Mainland"] = "''[[w:Amoy dialect|Xiamen]]'', ''[[w:Quanzhou dialect|Quanzhou]]'', ''[[w:Zhangzhou dialect|Zhangzhou]]''", ["Nan'an"] = "''[[w:Nan'an, Fujian|Nan'an]]''", ["Penang"] = "''[[w:Penang Hokkien|Penang]]''", ["Philippines"] = "''[[w:Philippine Hokkien|Philippines]]''", ["Pingtung"] = "''[[w:Pingtung City|Pingtung]]''", ["Pingxi"] = "''[[w:Pingxi District|Pingxi]]''", ["Quanzhou"] = "''[[w:Quanzhou dialect|Quanzhou]]''", ["Quanzhou-d"] = "''dated in [[w:Quanzhou dialect|Quanzhou]]''", ["Sanxia"] = "''[[w:Sanxia|Sanxia]]''", ["Singapore"] = "''[[w:Singaporean Hokkien|Singapore]]''", ["Taichung"] = "''[[w:Taichung|Taichung]]''", ["Tainan"] = "''[[w:Tainan|Tainan]]''", ["Taipei"] = "''[[w:Taipei|Taipei]]''", ["Tamsui"] = "''[[w:Tamsui District|Tamsui]]''", ["Taitung"] = "''[[w:Taitung City|Taitung]]''", ["Taixi"] = "''[[w:Taixi, Yunlin|Taixi]]''", ["Tianliao"] = "''[[w:Tianliao District|Tianliao]]''", ["Tong'an"] = "''[[w:Tong'an District|Tong'an]]''", ["Toucheng"] = "''[[w:Toucheng|Toucheng]]''", ["Wanhua"] = "''[[w:Wanhua District|Wanhua]]''", ["Wuqi"] = "''[[w:Wuqi District|Wuqi]]''", ["Xiamen"] = "''[[w:Amoy dialect|Xiamen]]''", ["Xiamen-d"] = "''dated in [[w:Amoy dialect|Xiamen]]''", ["Xiyu"] = "''[[w:Xiyu, Penghu|Xiyu]]''", ["Yilan"] = "''[[w:Yilan|Yilan]]''", ["Yongchun"] = "''[[w:Yongchun County|Yongchun]]''", ["Yongjing"] = "''[[w:Yongjing, Changhua|Yongjing]]''", ["Zhao'an"] = "''[[w:Zhao'an County|Zhao'an]]''", ["Zhangpu"] = "''[[w:Zhangpu County|Zhangpu]]''", ["Zhangzhou"] = "''[[w:Zhangzhou dialect|Zhangzhou]]''", ["Zhangzhou-d"] = "''dated in [[w:Zhangzhou dialect|Zhangzhou]]''", ["Taiwan"] = "''General [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwanese]]''", ["Taiwan-t"] = "''General [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwanese]]''", ["Taiwan-k"] = "''General [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwanese]]''", ["Taiwan-v"] = "''variant in [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwan]]''", ["Taiwan-vt"] = "''variant in [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwan]]''", ["Taiwan-vk"] = "''variant in [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwan]]''", ["Taiwan-d"] = "''dated in [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwan]]''", ["Taiwan-dt"] = "''dated in [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwan]]''", ["Taiwan-dk"] = "''dated in [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwan]]''", ["Taiwan-r"] = "''rare in [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwan]]''", ["Taiwan-rt"] = "''rare in [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwan]]''", ["Taiwan-rk"] = "''rare in [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwan]]''", ["Taiwan-Q"] = "''[[w:Quanzhou dialect|Quanzhou]]-like accent in [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwan]]''", ["Taiwan-Z"] = "''[[w:Zhangzhou dialect|Zhangzhou]]-like accent in [[w:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwan]]''", } local IPA_available = { ["Xiamen"] = true, ["Tong'an"] = true, ["Quanzhou"] = true, ["Jinjiang"] = true, ["Nan'an"] = true, ["Hui'an"] = true, ["Yongchun"] = true, ["Dehua"] = true, ["Anxi"] = true, ["Zhangzhou"] = true, ["Changtai"] = true, ["Zhangpu"] = true, ["Longyan"] = true, ["Taipei"] = true, ["Kaohsiung"] = true, ["Hongmaogang"] = true, ["Dalinpu"] = true, ["Tainan"] = true, ["Kinmen"] = true, ["Lukang"] = true, ["Yilan"] = true, ["Singapore"] = true, ["Penang"] = true, ["Klang"] = true, ["Philippines"] = true, } local ast = (not nan_pronunc or nan_pronunc == "") and "*" or "" local formatting = { LV_two = { leading = "\n" .. ast .. "* <small>(\'\'[[w:Hokkien|Hokkien]]\'\'", trailing = ")</small>", }, POJ = { leading = "\n" .. ast .. "** <small>''[[w:Pe̍h-ōe-jī|Pe̍h-ōe-jī]]''</small>: <span class=\"zhpron-monospace\">", trailing = "</span>", }, TL = { leading = "\n" .. ast .. "** <small>''[[w:Tâi-lô|Tâi-lô]]''</small>: <span class=\"zhpron-monospace\">", trailing = "</span>", }, PSDB = { leading = "\n" .. ast .. "** <small>''[[w:Phofsit Daibuun|Phofsit Daibuun]]''</small>: <span class=\"zhpron-monospace\">", trailing = "</span>", }, IPA = { leading = "\n" .. ast .. "** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] (", trailing = ")</small>: ", } } local IPA_available_list = { "Xiamen", "Quanzhou", "Zhangzhou", "Taiwan" } export.poj_check_invalid(text) local all_readings, locations, output_text = {}, {}, {} for i, reading in ipairs(split(text, "/", true)) do if find(reading, ":") then local reading_part = split(reading, ":", true) locations[i] = {} all_readings[i] = reading_part[2] for location_abbrev in gsplit(reading_part[1], ",", true) do if location_alias[location_abbrev] then error("Invalid Hokkien location code: " .. location_abbrev .. ", maybe you meant: " .. location_alias[location_abbrev]) end if not location_list[location_abbrev] then error("The region label '" .. location_abbrev .. "' cannot be found. Please see [[Template:zh-pron#Parameters]].") end table.insert(locations[i], location_list[location_abbrev]) end else locations[i] = IPA_available_list all_readings[i] = reading end end if not find(text, ":") then table.insert(output_text, formatting.LV_two.leading .. formatting.LV_two.trailing .. formatting.POJ.leading .. export.poj_display(text) .. formatting.POJ.trailing .. formatting.TL.leading .. export.poj_to_tl_conv(text) .. formatting.TL.trailing) if not find(text, "%-%-") then local psdb_hash = export.poj_to_psdb_conv(text) if not find(psdb_hash, "error") then table.insert(output_text, formatting.PSDB.leading .. psdb_hash .. formatting.PSDB.trailing) end for _, IPA_location in ipairs(IPA_available_list) do IPA_location = IPA_location == "Taiwan" and { "Taipei", "Kaohsiung" } or { IPA_location } for _, location in ipairs(IPA_location) do table.insert(output_text, formatting.IPA.leading .. location_link[location] .. formatting.IPA.trailing) local reading_IPA_hash = {} for poj_reading in gsplit(text, "/", true) do table.insert(reading_IPA_hash, export.generate_IPA(poj_reading, location)) end table.insert(output_text, table.concat(reading_IPA_hash, ", ")) if #reading_IPA_hash > 1 then table.insert(output_text, string.format("[[Category:Hokkien terms needing pronunciation attention|%d]]", #reading_IPA_hash)) end end end end else for i, poj_reading in ipairs(all_readings) do table.insert(output_text, formatting.LV_two.leading) local location_hash = {} for _, location_name in ipairs(locations[i]) do table.insert(location_hash, location_link[location_name]) end table.insert(output_text, ": " .. table.concat(location_hash, ", ") .. formatting.LV_two.trailing) table.insert(output_text, formatting.POJ.leading .. export.poj_display(poj_reading) .. formatting.POJ.trailing .. formatting.TL.leading .. export.poj_to_tl_conv(poj_reading) .. formatting.TL.trailing) if not find(poj_reading, "%-%-") then local psdb_hash = export.poj_to_psdb_conv(poj_reading) if not find(psdb_hash, "error") then table.insert(output_text, formatting.PSDB.leading .. psdb_hash .. formatting.PSDB.trailing) end local IPA_readings = {} for j, location_name in ipairs(locations[i]) do location_name = gsub(location_name, '^Taiwan%-[vdr]?([tk]?)$', { ['t'] = 'Taipei', ['k'] = 'Kaohsiung', [''] = 'Taiwan' }) loc = { ['Taiwan'] = { 'Taipei', 'Kaohsiung' }, ['Xiamen-d'] = { 'Xiamen-d' }, ['Mainland'] = { 'Xiamen', 'Quanzhou', 'Zhangzhou' } } location_name = loc[location_name] or { gsub(location_name, '%-d$', '') } for k, location in ipairs(location_name) do local loc = gsub(location, '%-d$', '') if IPA_available[loc] then local poj_to_ipa = export.generate_IPA(poj_reading, location) if IPA_readings[poj_to_ipa] then table.insert(IPA_readings[poj_to_ipa][2], location_link[loc]) else IPA_readings[poj_to_ipa] = { j + (k/10), { location_link[loc] } } end end end end for reading, reading_info in pairs(IPA_readings) do table.insert(output_text, formatting.IPA.leading .. table.concat(reading_info[2], ", ") .. formatting.IPA.trailing .. reading) end end end end return table.concat(output_text) end function export.generate_IPA(text, location) -- (Wyang) I can't seem to find an example where 'triple' is used.. The code is below: --if match(p[i], "%(") then -- p[i] = gsub(p[i], "[%(%)]", "") -- triple[i] = true --end --if triple[i] then -- if tone[i] == "一" then -- ipa[i] = (initial[i] .. final[i] .. "一至七 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. "一至七 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. (i == #tone and "一" or "一至七")) -- elseif tone[i] == "二" then -- ipa[i] = (initial[i] .. final[i] .. "二至一 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. "二至一 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. (i == #tone and "二" or "二至一")) -- elseif tone[i] == "三" then -- ipa[i] = (initial[i] .. final[i] .. "三至二 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. "三至二 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. (i == #tone and "三" or "三至二")) -- elseif tone[i] == "四A" then -- ipa[i] = (initial[i] .. final[i] .. "四至八 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. "四至八 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. (i == #tone and "四" or "四至八")) -- elseif tone[i] == "四B" then -- final[i] = gsub(final[i], "ʔ", "(ʔ)") -- ipa[i] = (initial[i] .. final[i] .. "四至二 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. "四至二 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. (i == #tone and "四" or "四至二")) -- elseif tone[i] == "五" then -- if loc == "Quanzhou" or loc == "Taipei" then -- ipa[i] = (initial[i] .. final[i] .. "五 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. "五至三 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. (i == #tone and "五" or "五至三")) -- else -- ipa[i] = (initial[i] .. final[i] .. "五 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. "五至七 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. (i == #tone and "五" or "五至七")) -- end -- elseif tone[i] == "七" then -- ipa[i] = (initial[i] .. final[i] .. "七至一 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. "七至三 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. (i == #tone and "七" or "七至三")) -- elseif tone[i] == "八A" then -- ipa[i] = (initial[i] .. final[i] .. "八至四 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. "八至四 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. (i == #tone and "八" or "八至四")) -- elseif tone[i] == "八B" then -- final[i] = gsub(final[i], "ʔ", "(ʔ)") -- ipa[i] = (initial[i] .. final[i] .. "八至五 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. "八至三 " .. initial[i] .. final[i] .. (i == #tone and "八" or "八至三")) -- end --end if type(text) == "table" then text, location = text.args[1], text.args["loc"] end local tone_from_mark = { [""] = "1", ["́"] = "2", ["̀"] = "3", ["p"] = "4A", ["t"] = "4A", ["k"] = "4A", ["h"] = "4B", ["̂"] = "5", ["̌"] = "6", ["̄"] = "7", ["̍p"] = "8A", ["̍t"] = "8A", ["̍k"] = "8A", ["̍h"] = "8B", ["̋"] = "9", ["̆"] = "9", } local initial_ipa = { ["p"] = "p", ["ph"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["b"] = "b", ["f"] = "f", ["t"] = "t", ["th"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["d"] = "d", ["ch"] = "t͡s", ["chh"] = "t͡sʰ", ["j"] = "d͡z", ["s"] = "s", ["sh"] = "ʃ", ["k"] = "k", ["kh"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["h"] = "h", ["r"] = "ɹ", ["w"] = "w", ["y"] = "j", [""] = "", ["Kaohsiung-j"] = "z", } local final_ipa = { ["a"] = "a", ["ah"] = "aʔ", ["ahⁿ"] = "ãʔ", ["ai"] = "ai", ["aih"] = "aiʔ", ["aiⁿ"] = "ãi", ["aihⁿ"] = "ãiʔ", ["ak"] = "ak̚", ["am"] = "am", ["an"] = "an", ["aⁿ"] = "ã", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["ap"] = "ap̚", ["at"] = "at̚", ["au"] = "au", ["auh"] = "auʔ", ["auhⁿ"] = "ãuʔ", ["auⁿ"] = "ãu", ["e"] = "e", ["ee"] = "ɛ", ["eeh"] = "ɛʔ", ["eek"] = "ɛk̚", ["eeng"] = "ɛŋ", ["eh"] = "eʔ", ["ehⁿ"] = "ẽʔ", ["ei"] = "ei", ["ek"] = "iɪk̚", ["eks"] = "iɪks", ["em"] = "ɛm", ["en"] = "ɛn", ["eⁿ"] = "ẽ", ["eng"] = "iɪŋ", ["eoi"] = "ɵy", ["er"] = "ə", ["erh"] = "əʔ", ["erm"] = "əm", ["ern"] = "ən", ["ert"] = "ət̚", ["erk"] = "ək̚", ["et"] = "ɛt̚", ["ep"] = "ep̚", ["eu"] = "eu", ["euⁿ"] = "ẽu", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["iah"] = "iaʔ", ["iahⁿ"] = "iãʔ", ["iak"] = "iak̚", ["iam"] = "iam", ["ian"] = "iɛn", ["iaⁿ"] = "iã", ["iang"] = "iaŋ", ["iap"] = "iap̚", ["iat"] = "iɛt̚", ["iau"] = "iau", ["iauh"] = "iauʔ", ["iauhⁿ"] = "iãuʔ", ["iauⁿ"] = "iãu", ["ie"] = "ie", ["iee"] = "iɛ", ["ieⁿ"] = "iɛ̃", ["ih"] = "iʔ", ["ihⁿ"] = "ĩʔ", ["im"] = "im", ["in"] = "in", ["iⁿ"] = "ĩ", ["ing"] = "iŋ", ["io"] = "io", ["ioa"] = "iua", ["ioaⁿ"] = "iuã", ["ioh"] = "ioʔ", ["io͘h"] = "iɔʔ", ["io͘"] = "iɔ", ["iop"] = "iop", ["iok"] = "iɔk̚", ["ioⁿ"] = "iɔ̃", ["iom"] = "iom", ["iong"] = "iɔŋ", ["ip"] = "ip̚", ["ir"] = "ɯ", ["irh"] = "ɯʔ", ["irn"] = "ən", ["it"] = "it̚", ["iu"] = "iu", ["iua"] = "iua", ["iuh"] = "iuʔ", ["iuⁿ"] = "iũ", ["iuaⁿ"] = "iuã", ["iuhⁿ"] = "iũʔ", ["ie"] = "ie", ["iee"] = "iɛ", ["ieeⁿ"] = "iɛ̃", ["m"] = "m̩", ["mh"] = "m̩ʔ", ["ng"] = "ŋ̍", ["ngh"] = "ŋ̍ʔ", ["o"] = "o", ["o͘"] = "ɔ", ["oa"] = "ua", ["oah"] = "uaʔ", ["oahⁿ"] = "uãʔ", ["oai"] = "uai", ["oaih"] = "uaiʔ", ["oaihⁿ"] = "uãiʔ", ["oaiⁿ"] = "uãi", ["oan"] = "uan", ["oaⁿ"] = "uã", ["oang"] = "uaŋ", ["oat"] = "uat̚", ["oak"] = "uak̚", ["oe"] = "ue", ["oeh"] = "ueʔ", ["oehⁿ"] = "uẽʔ", ["oeⁿ"] = "uẽ", ["oee"] = "uɛ", ["oh"] = "oʔ", ["o͘h"] = "ɔʔ", ["ohⁿ"] = "ɔ̃ʔ", ["oi"] = "ɔi", ["oiⁿ"] = "ɔ̃i", ["ok"] = "ɔk̚", ["om"] = "ɔm", ["oⁿ"] = "ɔ̃", ["ong"] = "ɔŋ", ["op"] = "ɔp̚", ["ot"] = "ɔt̚", ["ou"] = "ou", ["u"] = "u", ["uⁿ"] = "ũ", ["uh"] = "uʔ", ["uhⁿ"] = "ũʔ", ["ui"] = "ui", ["uiⁿ"] = "uĩ", ["uih"] = "uiʔ", ["uihⁿ"] = "uĩʔ", ["uk"] = "ok̚", ["um"] = "om", ["un"] = "un", ["ung"] = "oŋ", ["ut"] = "ut̚", ["y"] = "y", ["yn"] = "yn", ["Tong'an-iai"] = "iai", ["Zhangpu-e"] = "iei", ["Zhangpu-eⁿ"] = "ɛ̃", ["Zhangzhou-eⁿ"] = "ɛ̃", ["Penang-eⁿ"] = "ɛ̃", ["Zhangpu-ehⁿ"] = "ɛ̃ʔ", ["Zhangzhou-ehⁿ"] = "ɛ̃ʔ", ["Kaohsiung-o"] = "ɤ", ["Kaohsiung-io"] = "iɤ", ["Kaohsiung-oh"] = "ɤʔ", ["Kaohsiung-ioh"] = "iɤʔ", ["Tainan-o"] = "ɤ", ["Tainan-io"] = "iɤ", ["Tainan-oh"] = "ɤʔ", ["Tainan-ioh"] = "iɤʔ", ["Zhangpu-oe"] = "uɛ", ["Zhangpu-oeⁿ"] = "uɛ̃", ["Zhangpu-oeh"] = "uɛʔ", ["Zhangpu-eng"] = "ɛŋ", ["Zhangpu-ek"] = "ɛk̚", ["Singapore-eng"] = "eŋ", ["Singapore-ek"] = "ek̚", ["Penang-eng"] = "eŋ", ["Penang-ek"] = "ek̚", ["Penang-ik"] = "ik̚", ["Zhangpu-o͘"] = "ɔu", ["Zhangpu-oⁿ"] = "ɔ̃u", ["Changtai-eng"] = "eŋ", ["Changtai-ek"] = "ek̚", ["Changtai-o"] = "ɔ", ["Changtai-io"] = "iɔ", ["Changtai-oh"] = "ɔʔ", ["Changtai-ioh"] = "iɔʔ", ["Changtai-o͘"] = "eu", ["Changtai-o͘ⁿ"] = "ẽu", ["Hui'an-eng"] = "eŋ", ["Hui'an-ek"] = "ek̚", ["Hui'an-en"] = "en", ["Hui'an-et"] = "et̚", ["Hui'an-em"] = "em", ["Longyan-ong"] = "oŋ", ["Longyan-ok"] = "ok̚", ["Longyan-iong"] = "ioŋ", ["Longyan-iok"] = "iok̚", ["Longyan-oⁿ"] = "õ", ["Longyan-ioⁿ"] = "iõ", ["Longyan-oeⁿ"] = "uɛ̃", ["Longyan-ir"] = "z̩", ["Lukang-ir"] = "ɨ", ["Klang-eng"] = "eŋ", ["Klang-ek"] = "ek̚", } local tone_sandhi = { } -- (Wyang) I'm not sure about the 'Xd' ones, when tone X is followed by the diminutive 仔. tone_sandhi["Xiamen"] = { ["1"] = "7", ["2"] = "1", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "8A", ["4B"] = "2", ["5"] = "7", ["7"] = "3", ["8A"] = "4A", ["8B"] = "3", } tone_sandhi["Xiamen-d"] = tone_sandhi["Xiamen"] tone_sandhi["Tong'an"] = { -- 2 and 4 are special cases ["1"] = "7", ["3"] = "10", ["5"] = "9", ["7"] = "9", ["8A"] = "11", ["8B"] = "11", } tone_sandhi["Quanzhou"] = { ["1"] = "1", ["2"] = "5", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "8A", ["4B"] = "4B", ["5"] = "6", ["6"] = "6", ["7"] = "6", ["8A"] = "S", ["8B"] = "S", } tone_sandhi["Jinjiang"] = { ["1"] = "1", ["2"] = "5", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "8A", ["4B"] = "4B", ["5"] = "S1", ["6"] = "S1", ["7"] = "S1", ["8A"] = "S2", ["8B"] = "S2", } tone_sandhi["Nan'an"] = { ["1"] = "1", ["2"] = "5", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "4A", ["4B"] = "4B", ["5"] = "6", ["6"] = "6", ["7"] = "6", ["8A"] = "S", ["8B"] = "S", } tone_sandhi["Hui'an"] = { ["1"] = "1", ["2"] = "5", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "5", ["4B"] = "4B", ["5"] = "6", ["6"] = "6", ["7"] = "6", ["8A"] = "S", ["8B"] = "S", } tone_sandhi["Yongchun"] = { ["1"] = "7", ["2"] = "1", ["3"] = "S1", ["4A"] = "8B", ["4B"] = "8B", ["5"] = "7", ["7"] = "3", ["8A"] = "S2", ["8B"] = "S2", } tone_sandhi["Dehua"] = { ["1"] = "S", ["2"] = "5", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "4A", ["4B"] = "4B", ["5"] = "3", ["6"] = "3", ["7"] = "7", ["8A"] = "3", ["8B"] = "3", } tone_sandhi["Anxi"] = { ["1"] = "S1", ["2"] = "S2", ["3"] = "S1", ["4A"] = "S3", ["4B"] = "S3", ["5"] = "S1", ["7"] = "S3", ["8A"] = "3", ["8B"] = "3", } tone_sandhi["Zhangzhou"] = { ["1"] = "7", ["2"] = "1", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "S", ["4B"] = "2", ["5"] = "7", ["7"] = "3", ["8A"] = "3", ["8B"] = "3", ["4Bd"] = "1", ["8Bd"] = "7", } tone_sandhi["Changtai"] = { ["1"] = "7", ["2"] = "1", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "8A", ["4B"] = "2", ["5"] = "7", ["7"] = "3", ["8A"] = "4A", ["8B"] = "3", } tone_sandhi["Zhangpu"] = { ["1"] = "7", ["2"] = "1", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "4A", ["4B"] = "4B", ["5"] = "7", ["7"] = "3", ["8A"] = "7", ["8B"] = "7", } tone_sandhi["Longyan"] = { ["1"] = "1", ["5"] = "5", ["6"] = "5", ["8A"] = "2", ["8B"] = "2", } tone_sandhi["Taipei"] = { ["1"] = "7", ["2"] = "1", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "8A", ["4B"] = "2", ["5"] = "3", ["7"] = "3", ["8A"] = "4A", ["8B"] = "3", ["9"] = "9", ["3d"] = "1", ["4Bd"] = "1", ["5d"] = "7", ["7d"] = "7", ["8Bd"] = "7", } tone_sandhi["Kaohsiung"] = { ["1"] = "7", ["2"] = "1", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "8A", ["4B"] = "2", ["5"] = "7", ["7"] = "3", ["8A"] = "4A", ["8B"] = "3", ["9"] = "9", ["3d"] = "1", ["4Bd"] = "1", ["5d"] = "7", ["7d"] = "7", ["8Bd"] = "7", } tone_sandhi["Hongmaogang"] = { ["1"] = "1", ["2"] = "1", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "8A", ["4B"] = "2", ["5"] = "3", ["6"] = "3", ["7"] = "3", ["8A"] = "S", ["8B"] = "S", } tone_sandhi["Dalinpu"] = { ["1"] = "1", ["2"] = "1", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "8A", ["4B"] = "2", ["5"] = "3", ["6"] = "3", ["7"] = "3", ["8A"] = "S", ["8B"] = "S", } tone_sandhi["Tainan"] = { ["1"] = "7", ["2"] = "S1", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "8A", ["4B"] = "2", ["5"] = "7", ["7"] = "S2", ["8A"] = "S3", ["8B"] = "S3", ["9"] = "9", } tone_sandhi["Lukang"] = { ["1"] = "1", ["2"] = "8A", ["3"] = "S1", ["4A"] = "4A", ["4B"] = "S1", ["5"] = "S2", ["6"] = "S2", ["7"] = "S2", ["8A"] = "S3", ["8B"] = "S3", ["9"] = "9", } tone_sandhi["Yilan"] = { ["1"] = "7", ["2"] = "S", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "8A", ["4B"] = "2", ["5"] = "7", ["7"] = "3", ["8A"] = "4A", ["8B"] = "4B", ["9"] = "9", } tone_sandhi["Kinmen"] = { -- 3 and 4B are special cases ["1"] = "7", ["2"] = "5", ["4A"] = "8A", ["5"] = "3", ["7"] = "3", ["8A"] = "4A", ["8B"] = "3" } tone_sandhi["Singapore"] = { --Xiamen/Zhangzhou-like ["1"] = "7", ["2"] = "5", ["3"] = "2", ["4A"] = "8As", ["4B"] = "2", ["5"] = "3", ["7"] = "3", ["8A"] = "3", ["8B"] = "3" } tone_sandhi["Penang"] = { -- source: <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259397234_Complete_and_not-so-complete_tonal_neutralization_in_Penang_Hokkien> -- T2 (Tone 2), T3, T4 in the paper corresponds to T5, T2 and T6 in Wiktionary while T5, T6 and T7 in the paper corresponds to T3, T7 and T4 in Wiktionary -- The tones here are based on Group 3a. ~~~~ ["1"] = "7", ["2"] = "S", ["3"] = "S", ["4A"] = "8A", ["4B"] = "8B", ["5"] = "7", ["6"] = "6", ["7"] = "3", ["8A"] = "4A", ["8B"] = "4B", ["9"] = "9" } tone_sandhi["Klang"] = { ["1"] = "1", ["2"] = "S2", ["3"] = "S3", ["4A"] = "S3", ["4B"] = "S3", ["5"] = "S1", ["7"] = "S1", ["8A"] = "8B", ["8B"] = "8B", } tone_sandhi["Philippines"] = tone_sandhi["Jinjiang"] local tone_value = { } tone_value["Xiamen"] = { ["1"] = "44", ["2"] = "53", ["3"] = "21", ["4A"] = "32", ["4B"] = "32", ["5"] = "24", ["7"] = "22", ["8A"] = "4", ["8B"] = "4", } tone_value["Xiamen-d"] = tone_value["Xiamen"] tone_value["Tong'an"] = { ["1"] = "44", ["2"] = "31", ["3"] = "112", ["4A"] = "32", ["4B"] = "32", ["5"] = "24", ["7"] = "22", ["8A"] = "53", ["8B"] = "53", ["9"] = "11", ["10"] = "42", ["11"] = "1", ["12"] = "4" --sandhi-only tones } tone_value["Quanzhou"] = { ["1"] = "33", ["2"] = "554", ["3"] = "41", ["4A"] = "5", ["4B"] = "5", ["5"] = "24", ["6"] = "22", ["7"] = "41", ["8A"] = "24", ["8B"] = "24", ["S"] = "2", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Jinjiang"] = { ["1"] = "33", ["2"] = "554", ["3"] = "41", ["4A"] = "5", ["4B"] = "5", ["5"] = "24", ["6"] = "33", ["7"] = "41", ["8A"] = "24", ["8B"] = "24", ["S1"] = "22", ["S2"] = "2", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Nan'an"] = { ["1"] = "33", ["2"] = "554", ["3"] = "31", ["4A"] = "5", ["4B"] = "5", ["5"] = "24", ["6"] = "22", ["7"] = "31", ["8A"] = "23", ["8B"] = "23", ["S"] = "2", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Hui'an"] = { ["1"] = "33", ["2"] = "54", ["3"] = "21", ["4A"] = "4", ["4B"] = "4", ["5"] = "24", ["6"] = "22", ["7"] = "21", ["8A"] = "23", ["8B"] = "23", ["S"] = "2", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Yongchun"] = { ["1"] = "44", ["2"] = "53", ["3"] = "21", ["4A"] = "32", ["4B"] = "32", ["5"] = "24", ["7"] = "22", ["8A"] = "24", ["8B"] = "4", ["S1"] = "53", ["S2"] = "21", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Dehua"] = { ["1"] = "13", ["2"] = "42", ["3"] = "21", ["4A"] = "42", ["4B"] = "42", ["5"] = "44", ["6"] = "35", ["7"] = "21", ["8A"] = "35", ["8B"] = "35", ["S"] = "22", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Anxi"] = { ["1"] = "44", ["2"] = "52", ["3"] = "22", ["4A"] = "5", ["4B"] = "5", ["5"] = "24", ["7"] = "42", ["8A"] = "24", ["8B"] = "24", ["S1"] = "33", ["S2"] = "43", ["S3"] = "53", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Zhangzhou"] = { ["1"] = "44", ["2"] = "53", ["3"] = "21", ["4A"] = "32", ["4B"] = "32", ["5"] = "13", ["7"] = "22", ["8A"] = "121", ["8B"] = "121", ["S"] = "5", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Changtai"] = { ["1"] = "44", ["2"] = "53", ["3"] = "21", ["4A"] = "32", ["4B"] = "32", ["5"] = "24", ["7"] = "22", ["8A"] = "3", ["8B"] = "3", } tone_value["Zhangpu"] = { ["1"] = "55", ["2"] = "53", ["3"] = "11", ["4A"] = "32", ["4B"] = "32", ["5"] = "213", ["7"] = "33", ["8A"] = "14", ["8B"] = "14", } tone_value["Longyan"] = { ["1"] = "334", ["2"] = "21", ["3"] = "213", ["4A"] = "5", ["4B"] = "5", ["5"] = "11", ["6"] = "53", ["7"] = "55", ["8A"] = "32", ["8B"] = "32", ["S"] = "34", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Taipei"] = { ["1"] = "44", ["2"] = "53", ["3"] = "11", ["4A"] = "32", ["4B"] = "32", ["5"] = "24", ["7"] = "33", ["8A"] = "4", ["8B"] = "4", ["9"] = "35" } tone_value["Kaohsiung"] = { ["1"] = "44", ["2"] = "41", ["3"] = "21", ["4A"] = "32", ["4B"] = "32", ["5"] = "23", ["7"] = "33", ["8A"] = "4", ["8B"] = "4", ["9"] = "35" } tone_value["Hongmaogang"] = { ["1"] = "33", ["2"] = "51", ["3"] = "11", ["4A"] = "31", ["4B"] = "31", ["5"] = "13", ["6"] = "31", ["7"] = "11", ["8A"] = "5", ["8B"] = "5", ["S"] = "1", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Dalinpu"] = { ["1"] = "33", ["2"] = "51", ["3"] = "11", ["4A"] = "31", ["4B"] = "31", ["5"] = "13", ["6"] = "31", ["7"] = "11", ["8A"] = "5", ["8B"] = "5", ["S"] = "1", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Tainan"] = { ["1"] = "44", ["2"] = "53", ["3"] = "21", ["4A"] = "32", ["4B"] = "32", ["5"] = "24", ["7"] = "33", ["8A"] = "4", ["8B"] = "4", ["9"] = "35", ["S1"] = "55", ["S2"] = "11", ["S3"] = "1", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Lukang"] = { ["1"] = "33", ["2"] = "55", ["3"] = "31", ["4A"] = "5", ["4B"] = "5", ["5"] = "24", ["6"] = "33", ["7"] = "31", ["8A"] = "35", ["8B"] = "35", ["9"] = "35", ["S1"] = "53", ["S2"] = "22", ["S3"] = "2", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Yilan"] = { ["1"] = "44", ["2"] = "53", ["3"] = "21", ["4A"] = "2", ["4B"] = "2", ["5"] = "24", ["7"] = "33", ["8A"] = "5", ["8B"] = "5", ["9"] = "35", ["S"] = "55", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Kinmen"] = { ["1"] = "44", ["2"] = "53", ["3"] = "12", ["4A"] = "32", ["4B"] = "32", ["5"] = "24", ["7"] = "22", ["8A"] = "54", ["8B"] = "54" } tone_value["Singapore"] = { --Xiamen/Zhangzhou-like ["1"] = "44", ["2"] = "42", ["3"] = "21", ["4A"] = "32", ["4B"] = "32", ["5"] = "24", ["7"] = "22", ["8A"] = "43", ["8B"] = "43", ["8As"] = "4" } tone_value["Penang"] = { ["1"] = "33", ["2"] = "445", ["3"] = "21", ["4A"] = "3", ["4B"] = "3", ["5"] = "23", ["6"] = "55", ["7"] = "21", ["8A"] = "4", ["8B"] = "4", ["9"] = "5", ["S"] = "44", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Klang"] = { ["1"] = "33", ["2"] = "53", ["3"] = "31", ["4A"] = "53", ["4B"] = "53", ["5"] = "24", ["7"] = "31", ["8A"] = "3", ["8B"] = "3", ["S1"] = "22", ["S2"] = "34", ["S3"] = "54", --sandhi-only } tone_value["Philippines"] = tone_value["Jinjiang"] local function get_sandhi_from_post(location, current, post) if post then if location == "Tong'an" then if current == "2" then if find(post, "^[15]$") or find(post, "^8[AB]$") then return "7" else return "5" end elseif find(current, "^4[AB]$") then if post == "2" then return "10" else return "12" end end elseif location == "Kinmen" then if current == "3" or current == "4B" then if find(post, "^[12]$") or find(post, "^4[AB]$") then return "1" else return "2" end end elseif location == "Longyan" then if current == "2" then if post == "2" or post == "5" then return "3" else return "2" end elseif current == "3" then if post == "2" or post == "5" then return "3" else return "2" end elseif find(current, "^4[AB]$") then if post == "2" or post == "5" then return current else return "S" end elseif current == "7" then if post == "2" or post == "5" then return "7" else return "1" end end end end end local function get_tone(text) local tone = gsub(text, "^[^" .. poj_tone_marks .. "ptkh]+([" .. poj_tone_marks .. "]?)[^" .. poj_tone_marks .. "ptkh]*([ptkh]?)[ⁿs]?", function(tone_symbol, coda) return tone_from_mark[tone_symbol .. coda] end) return tone end local function nasalize(final) if find(final, "^mh?$") or find(final, "^ngh?$") then return final end if find(final, "o͘h?$") then final = gsub(final, "͘", "") elseif find(final, "oh?$") then error("Invalid POJ: nasal initial cannot go with -" .. final) elseif find(final, "eeh?$") then final = gsub(final, "ee", "e") end return final .. "ⁿ" end local formatting = { leading = "<span class=\"IPA\">/", trailing = "/</span>" } local tone_superscript = { ["1"] = "¹", ["2"] = "²", ["3"] = "³", ["4"] = "⁴", ["5"] = "⁵", ["-"] = "⁻" } local word_result = {} local attention = {} if location ~= 'Xiamen-d' then location = gsub(location, '%-d$', '') end text = gsub(text, " ", "-") text = gsub(text, ",", "#") text = gsub(text, "%-?%.%.%.%-?", "#") text = gsub(text, "#$", "") text = gsub(text, "#%-?", " ") text = toNFD(lower(text)) for word in gsplit(text, " ", true) do local initial, final, tone, diminutive, sandhi, result = {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {} local syllables = split(word, "-", true) syllables.length = #syllables for index, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do if syllable == "仔" then syllable = "a".."́" diminutive[index] = true end local original_syllable = syllable syllable = gsub(syllable, "[" .. poj_tone_marks .. "]", "") if not find(syllable, "[aeiouy]") then final[index] = match(syllable, "^[ckmnpst]?h?h?(ngh?)$") or match(syllable, "^h?(mh?)$") initial[index] = syllable ~= final[index] and sub(syllable, 1, len(syllable) - len(final[index])) or "" --original code: "ʔ" else initial[index] = match(syllable, "^[bcdfgjklmnprstwy]?[gh]?h?") final[index] = sub(syllable, len(initial[index]) + 1, -1) end tone[index] = get_tone(sub(original_syllable, len(initial[index]) + 1, -1)) local nasal_initial = match(initial[index], "^[mn]g?$") if nasal_initial then if find(final[index], "ⁿ") then error("Too much nasality in POJ. " .. original_syllable .. " should be " .. gsub(original_syllable, "ⁿ", "")) end if location ~= "Penang" and location ~= "Philippines" and location ~= "Singapore" then --exception for Penang, Philippines and Singapore final[index] = nasalize(final[index]) end end if location == "Longyan" and find(final[index], "h$") then final[index] = gsub(final[index], "h", "") end local nasal_final = match(final[index], "^[mn]") or match(final[index], "ⁿ") local not_nasal_initial = match(initial[index], "^[blg]$") if ((nasal_initial and not nasal_final) or (not_nasal_initial and nasal_final)) and (location ~= "Penang" and location ~= "Philippines" and location ~= "Singapore") then --exception for Penang, Philippines and Singapore error("POJ error: nasality of initial and final not synchronized.") end table.insert(attention, export.poj_check_syllable(initial[index], final[index], location)) initial[index] = initial_ipa[location .. "-" .. initial[index]] or initial_ipa[initial[index]] final[index] = final_ipa[location .. "-" .. final[index]] or final_ipa[final[index]] or error("Cannot recognise " .. final[index] .. ".") if index < syllables.length then final[index] = gsub(final[index], "ʔ", "(ʔ)") end end for index = 1, syllables.length do sandhi[index] = tone_value[location][tone[index]] local sandhi_hash = get_sandhi_from_post(location, tone[index], tone[index+1]) or tone_sandhi[location][tone[index]..(diminutive[index+1] and "d" or "")] or tone_sandhi[location][tone[index]] if index < syllables.length and tone_value[location][sandhi_hash] ~= tone_value[location][tone[index]] then sandhi[index] = sandhi[index] .. "-" .. tone_value[location][sandhi_hash] end table.insert(result, initial[index] .. final[index] .. sandhi[index]) end table.insert(word_result, table.concat(result, " ")) end return (gsub(formatting.leading .. table.concat(word_result, " ") .. formatting.trailing, "[12345%-]", tone_superscript)) .. table.concat(attention) end function export.poj_to_psdb_conv(text) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end local readings = split(lower(text), "/", true) for i = 1, #readings do -- will ignore # boundary marker local parts = split(gsub(readings[i], "#", ""), " ", true) for j = 1, #parts do local initial = {} local final = {} local psdb = {} local tone = {} local tonesandhi = {} local neutral = {} parts[j] = gsub(parts[j], "%-%-", "-0") local p = split(parts[j], "-", true) local ar = {} local triple = {} for i, item in ipairs(p) do if find(item, "仔") then item = gsub(item, "仔", "á") ar[i] = true end if find(item, "%(") then item = gsub(item, "[%(%)]", "") triple[i] = true end if find(item, "^0") then item = gsub(item, "0", "") neutral[i] = true end item = gsub(item, "ớ", "óo") item = gsub(item, "ờ", "òo") item = gsub(item, "ơ̂", "ôo") item = gsub(item, "ơ̄", "ōo") item = gsub(item, "ơ̍", "o̍o") item = gsub(item, "ơ", "oo") item = gsub(item, "͘", "o") item = gsub(item, "[̍̂̄̀]",{["̍"] = "捌", ["̂"] = "伍", ["̄"] = "柒", ["̀"] = "叁"}) if find(item, "[aeiou][捌]?[ptkh]") or find(item, "[^aeiou][mn][捌]?g?[ptkh]") then if find(item, "捌") then tone[i] = "八" else tone[i] = "四" end elseif find(item, "[áíúéóḿń貳]") then tone[i] = "二" elseif find(item, "[àìùèòǹ叁]") then tone[i] = "三" elseif find(item, "[âîûêô伍]") then tone[i] = "五" elseif find(item, "[āīūēō柒]") then tone[i] = "七" else tone[i] = "一" end item = gsub(item, "[áíúéóḿńàìùèòǹâîûêôāīūēō貳叁伍柒捌]",{["á"] = "a", ["í"] = "i", ["ú"] = "u", ["é"] = "e", ["ó"] = "o", ["ḿ"] = "m", ["ń"] = "n", ["貳"] = "", ["à"] = "a", ["ì"] = "i", ["ù"] = "u", ["è"] = "e", ["ò"] = "o", ["ǹ"] = "n", ["叁"] = "", ["â"] = "a", ["î"] = "i", ["û"] = "u", ["ê"] = "e", ["ô"] = "o", ["伍"] = "", ["ā"] = "a", ["ī"] = "i", ["ū"] = "u", ["ē"] = "e", ["ō"] = "o", ["柒"] = "", ["捌"] = ""}) if sub(item,1,3) == "chh" then initial[i] = "chh" final[i] = sub(item,4,-1) elseif sub(item,1,1) == "m" then if sub(item,2,2) == "h" then initial[i] = "" final[i] = "mh" elseif sub(item,2,2) == "" then initial[i] = "" final[i] = "m" else initial[i] = "m" final[i] = sub(item,2,-1) end elseif sub(item,1,2) == "ng" then if sub(item,3,3) == "h" then initial[i] = "" final[i] = "ngh" elseif sub(item,3,3) == "" then initial[i] = "" final[i] = "ng" else initial[i] = "ng" final[i] = sub(item,3,-1) end elseif find(item, "^[ptkc]h") then initial[i] = sub(item,1,2) final[i] = sub(item,3,-1) elseif find(item, "^[npbtkgjshl]") then initial[i] = sub(item,1,1) final[i] = sub(item,2,-1) else initial[i] = "" final[i] = item end if find(initial[i], "^chh?$") or initial[i] == "s" then if find(final[i], "^i") then initial[i] = initial[i] .. "i" end end p[i] = item end for i = 1, #p do if tone[i] == "一" then tonesandhi[i] = "七" elseif tone[i] == "二" then tonesandhi[i] = "一" elseif tone[i] == "三" then tonesandhi[i] = ar[i+1] and "一" or "二" elseif tone[i] == "四" then tonesandhi[i] = "八" elseif tone[i] == "五" then tonesandhi[i] = "七" elseif tone[i] == "七" then tonesandhi[i] = ar[i+1] and "七" or "三" elseif tone[i] == "八" then tonesandhi[i] = "四" end if triple[i] then local tonesandhi1 = nil if tone[i] == "五" then tonesandhi1 = "五" elseif tone[i] == "七" then tonesandhi1 = "一" end psdb[i] = (psdb_initial[initial[i]] or "error") ..(psdb_final(final[i]..(tonesandhi1 or tonesandhi[i])) or "error") ..psdb_initial[initial[i]] ..psdb_final(final[i]..tonesandhi[i]) ..psdb_initial[initial[i]] ..psdb_final(final[i]..(i == #tone and tone[i] or tonesandhi[i])) else psdb[i] = (psdb_initial[initial[i]] or "error") ..(psdb_final(final[i]..(i == #tone and tone[i] or tonesandhi[i])) or "error") end if neutral[i] then psdb[i] = "~" .. (psdb_initial[initial[i]] or "error") ..(psdb_final(final[i].."七") or "error") end --psdb[i] = p[i] end parts[j] = table.concat(psdb, "") end readings[i] = table.concat(parts, " ") readings[i] = gsub(readings[i], "'+", "'") readings[i] = gsub(readings[i], "^'", "") readings[i] = gsub(readings[i], "([^a-z])'", "%1") readings[i] = gsub(readings[i], "([^pbdtkqgczsjlmnhaeiou])'([aeiouwy])", "%1%2") readings[i] = gsub(readings[i], "([^aeiouwy])'([ptkbdqmn])", "%1%2") readings[i] = gsub(readings[i], "([^aeiouwyn])'g", "%1g") readings[i] = gsub(readings[i], "([^aeiouwypcz])'h", "%1h") end return (gsub(table.concat(readings, ", "),'/([^ ])',' / %1')) end function export.poj_display(text) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end text = gsub(text, "仔", "á") local readings = split(text, "/", true) for i = 1, #readings do readings[i] = gsub(readings[i], "[%a,]+:", "") readings[i] = gsub(readings[i], "#", "") readings[i] = gsub(readings[i], "%(([^%)]+)%)", "%1-%1-%1") if not find(readings[i], " ") then readings[i] = require(links_module).full_link { lang = getByCode("nan-hbl"), term = readings[i], } end end text = table.concat(readings, " / ") return text end function export.pengim_check_syllable(initial, final, loc) local validInitials = { ["b"] = 1, ["p"] = 1, ["m"] = 1, ["bh"] = 1, ["d"] = 1, ["t"] = 1, ["n"] = 1, ["l"] = 1, ["g"] = 1, ["k"] = 1, ["ng"] = 1, ["gh"] = 1, ["h"] = 1, ["z"] = 1, ["c"] = 1, ["s"] = 1, ["r"] = 1, [""] = 1, } local validFinals = { ["a"] = 1, ["i"] = 1, ["u"] = 1, ["ê"] = 1, ["o"] = 1, ["ah"] = 1, ["ih"] = 1, ["uh"] = 1, ["êh"] = 1, ["oh"] = 1, ["oi"] = 1, ["ai"] = 1, ["ou"] = 1, ["au"] = 1, ["ia"] = 1, ["iu"] = 1, ["uê"] = 1, ["ua"] = 1, ["ui"] = 1, ["uai"] = 1, ["oih"] = 1, ["auh"] = 1, ["uêh"] = 1, ["uah"] = 1, ["ang"] = 1, ["êng"] = 1, ["ong"] = 1, ["iang"] = 1, ["iong"] = 1, ["ung"] = 1, ["uang"] = 1, ["ag"] = 1, ["êg"] = 1, ["og"] = 1, ["iag"] = 1, ["iog"] = 1, ["ug"] = 1, ["uag"] = 1, ["an"] = 1, ["in"] = 1, ["ên"] = 1, ["oun"] = 1, ["ain"] = 1, ["aun"] = 1, ["iun"] = 1, ["ian"] = 1, ["uên"] = 1, ["uin"] = 1, ["uan"] = 1, ["uain"] = 1, ["ng"] = 1, ["m"] = 1, } local moreValidFinals = { ["Chaozhou"] = { ["e"] = 1, ["iê"] = 1, ["iou"] = 1, ["iêh"] = 1, ["eng"] = 1, ["am"] = 1, ["ing"] = 1, ["iêng"] = 1, ["im"] = 1, ["iêm"] = 1, ["uêng"] = 1, ["uam"] = 1, ["eg"] = 1, ["ab"] = 1, ["ig"] = 1, ["iêg"] = 1, ["ib"] = 1, ["iêb"] = 1, ["uêg"] = 1, ["uab"] = 1, ["oin"] = 1, ["iên"] = 1, }, ["Shantou"] = { ["e"] = 1, ["io"] = 1, ["iau"] = 1, ["ioh"] = 1, ["eng"] = 1, ["am"] = 1, ["ing"] = 1, ["im"] = 1, ["iam"] = 1, ["uam"] = 1, ["eg"] = 1, ["ab"] = 1, ["ig"] = 1, ["ib"] = 1, ["iab"] = 1, ["uab"] = 1, ["oin"] = 1, ["ion"] = 1, }, ["Chenghai"] = { ["e"] = 1, ["iê"] = 1, ["iou"] = 1, ["iêh"] = 1, ["eng"] = 1, ["ing"] = 1, ["eg"] = 1, ["ig"] = 1, ["oin"] = 1, ["iên"] = 1, }, ["Raoping"] = { ["e"] = 1, ["io"] = 1, ["iau"] = 1, ["ioh"] = 1, ["eng"] = 1, ["am"] = 1, ["ing"] = 1, ["im"] = 1, ["iam"] = 1, ["uam"] = 1, ["eg"] = 1, ["ab"] = 1, ["ig"] = 1, ["ib"] = 1, ["iab"] = 1, ["uab"] = 1, ["oin"] = 1, ["ion"] = 1, }, ["Jieyang"] = { ["e"] = 1, ["io"] = 1, ["iau"] = 1, ["ioh"] = 1, ["am"] = 1, ["im"] = 1, ["iam"] = 1, ["uêng"] = 1, ["uam"] = 1, ["ab"] = 1, ["ib"] = 1, ["iab"] = 1, ["uêg"] = 1, ["uab"] = 1, ["ion"] = 1, }, ["Chaoyang"] = { ["io"] = 1, ["iau"] = 1, ["ioh"] = 1, ["am"] = 1, ["ing"] = 1, ["im"] = 1, ["iam"] = 1, ["uêng"] = 1, ["uam"] = 1, ["ab"] = 1, ["ig"] = 1, ["ib"] = 1, ["iab"] = 1, ["uêg"] = 1, ["uab"] = 1, ["ion"] = 1, }, } if not (validInitials[initial] and (validFinals[final] or moreValidFinals[loc][final])) then return "[[Category:Teochew terms needing pronunciation attention|" .. loc .. "]]" end return nil end local pengim_to_ipa_two_letters_above = { ["gh"] = "ɡ", ["bh"] = "β", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["ao"] = "au", } local pengim_to_ipa_one_letter = { --initials ["m"] = "m", ["n"] = "n", ["b"] = "p", ["d"] = "t", ["g"] = "k", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["s"] = "s", ["h"] = "h", ["r"] = "d͡z", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["l"] = "l", --vowels ["a"] = "a", ["ê"] = "e", ["e"] = "ɯ", ["i"] = "i", ["o"] = "o", ["u"] = "u", --tones ["1"] = "³³⁻²³", ["2"] = "⁵²⁻³⁵", ["２"] = "⁵²⁻²¹", ["3"] = "²¹³⁻⁵⁵", ["4"] = "²⁻⁴", ["5"] = "⁵⁵⁻¹¹", ["6"] = "³⁵⁻¹¹", ["7"] = "¹¹", ["8"] = "⁴⁻²", } local pengim_tone_value = {} pengim_tone_value["Chaozhou"] = { ["1"] = "33", ["2"] = "53", ["3"] = "213", ["4"] = "2", ["5"] = "55", ["6"] = "35", ["7"] = "11", ["8"] = "5" } pengim_tone_value["Shantou"] = pengim_tone_value["Chaozhou"] pengim_tone_value["Chenghai"] = pengim_tone_value["Chaozhou"] pengim_tone_value["Jieyang"] = pengim_tone_value["Chaozhou"] pengim_tone_value["Chaoyang"] = { ["1"] = "33", ["2"] = "53", ["3"] = "31", ["4"] = "2", ["5"] = "55", ["6"] = "313", ["7"] = "11", ["8"] = "5" } local pengim_tone_sandhi = {} pengim_tone_sandhi["Chaozhou"] = { ["1"] = "23", ["2A"] = "23", ["2B"] = "35", ["3A"] = "31", ["3B"] = "53", ["4A"] = "3", ["4B"] = "5", ["5"] = "11", ["6"] = "21", ["7"] = "", ["8"] = "2" } pengim_tone_sandhi["Shantou"] = { ["1"] = "23", ["2A"] = "35", ["2B"] = "35", ["3A"] = "55", ["3B"] = "55", ["4A"] = "5", ["4B"] = "5", ["5"] = "11", ["6"] = "21", ["7"] = "", ["8"] = "2" } pengim_tone_sandhi["Chenghai"] = pengim_tone_value["Chaozhou"] pengim_tone_sandhi["Jieyang"] = pengim_tone_value["Chaozhou"] pengim_tone_sandhi["Chaoyang"] = { ["1"] = "23", ["2A"] = "31", ["2B"] = "31", ["3A"] = "55", ["3B"] = "55", ["4A"] = "5", ["4B"] = "5", ["5"] = "11", ["6"] = "33", ["7"] = "33", ["8"] = "2" } local pengim_to_ipa_fix = { ["β"] = "b", ["p([²⁴⁻]+[ -/])"] = "p̚%1", ["k([²⁴⁻]+[ -/])"] = "k̚%1", ["h([²⁴⁻]+[ -/])"] = "ʔ%1", } local pengim_to_ipa_nasal = { ["a"] = "ã", ["e"] = "ẽ", -- ê ["ɯ"] = "ɯ̃", -- e ["i"] = "ĩ", ["o"] = "õ", ["u"] = "ũ", ["n"] = "", } function export.pengim_to_ipa_conv(text) local result for key, val in pairs(pengim_to_ipa_two_letters_above) do text = gsub(text, key, val) end text = gsub(text, "([234]) ([^12345678 ]+)2$", "%1 %2２") local function verbose_function(char) return pengim_to_ipa_one_letter[char] or char end -- This should work, but it doesn't convert the tone number in "diên1": -- result = gsub(text, ".", pengim_to_ipa_one_letter) result = gsub(text, ".", verbose_function) result = result .. "/" for key, val in pairs(pengim_to_ipa_fix) do result = gsub(result, key, val) end result = gsub(result, "[aeiouɯ]+nʔ?[¹²³⁴⁵⁻]+[ -/]", function (a) return gsub(a, ".", pengim_to_ipa_nasal) end) result = gsub(result, "(⁻[¹²³⁴⁵]+)/", function(a) return (a ~= "⁻²¹" and "/" or a .. "/") end) result = gsub(result, ",", "#") result = gsub(result, "(⁻[¹²³⁴⁵]+)#", function(a) return (a ~= "⁻²¹" and "" or a) end) result = gsub(result, "#", "") result = gsub(result, "/$", "") result = gsub(result, "/", "/, /") return "/" .. result .. "/" end function export.pengim_display(text) text = gsub(text, "([1-8])/", "%1 / ") text = gsub(text, "[1-8]+", "<sup>%0</sup>") -- note: originally [1-8-]+ but it seems like websites have the final tone within parentheses, if at all return (gsub(text, "#", "")) end function export.pengim_to_pojlike_conv(text) -- kind of based on MTR (http://www.ispeakmin.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=2784) text = gsub(text, "#", "") local words = split(text, "/", true) local tone_marks = { ['1'] = '', ['2'] = '́', ['3'] = '̀', ['4'] = '', ['5'] = '̂', ['6'] = '̆', -- this is a breve; MTR: breve; current hokkien dialect convention: hacek; missionary: tilde or breve?? ['7'] = '̄', ['8'] = '̍' } local function get_tone_mark(a, num) return tone_marks[num] .. a end local function convert_final(x,c,t) -- convert final -g and -b (but not -ng) if c=='b' then c='p' elseif c=='g' then c='k' end return x..c..t end local cons_correspondences = { ['bh']='b', ['gh']='g', ['b']='p', ['d']='t', ['g']='k', ['p']='ph', ['t']='th', ['k']='kh', ['z']='ts', ['c']='tsh', ['r']='j' } local function nasalization(n,h,t) return h..'ⁿ'..t end for i, word in ipairs(words) do local syllables = split(word, " ", true) for i, syllable in ipairs(syllables) do syllable = gsub(syllable, '^[bdgptkzcr]h?', cons_correspondences) syllable = gsub(syllable, '([^n])([bg])(%d)', convert_final) syllable = gsub(syllable, '[êe]', { ['ê']='e', ['e']='ṳ' } ) syllable = gsub(syllable, 'ao', 'au' ) syllable = gsub(syllable, '(n)(h?)(%d)', nasalization) if find(syllable, 'uai') then syllable = gsub(syllable, 'uai', 'ua符i') elseif find(syllable, '[aiueoṳ][aiueoṳ]') then syllable = gsub(syllable, '([aoeuṳ])i', '%1符i') -- ?i syllable = gsub(syllable, 'i([aoeuṳ])', 'i%1符') -- i? syllable = gsub(syllable, '([ao])([uṳ])', '%1符%2') -- ?u syllable = gsub(syllable, '([uṳ])([ae])', '%1%2符') -- u? elseif find(syllable, '[^aiueoṳ][aiueoṳ]') or find(syllable, '^[aiueoṳ]') then syllable = gsub(syllable, '([aiueoṳ])', '%1符') elseif find(syllable, 'ngh?%d') then syllable = gsub(syllable, 'ng(h?)(%d)', 'n符g%1%2') elseif find(syllable, '[^aiueoṳ]h?%d') then syllable = gsub(syllable, '([^aiueoṳ])(h?)(%d)', '%1符%2%3') end syllable = gsub(syllable, '符(.*)(%d)', get_tone_mark) syllables[i] = syllable end words[i] = table.concat(syllables, ' ') end return toNFC(table.concat(words, ' / ')) end return export talmbahevkquuqyoxh1tnnvai6u42cv 828 3786324 7240729 2026-07-06T07:59:47Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local m_langdata = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages/data") -- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data). local function u(...) u = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities").char return u(...) end local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} m["aav-khs-pro"] = { "Proto-Khasian", 116773216, "aav-khs", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aav-nic-pro"] = { "Proto-Nicobarese", 11677379..." 7240729 Scribunto text/plain local m_langdata = require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages/data") -- Loaded on demand, as it may not be needed (depending on the data). local function u(...) u = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities").char return u(...) end local c = m_langdata.chars local p = m_langdata.puaChars local s = m_langdata.shared local m = {} m["aav-khs-pro"] = { "Proto-Khasian", 116773216, "aav-khs", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aav-nic-pro"] = { "Proto-Nicobarese", 116773793, "aav-nic", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aav-pkl-pro"] = { "Proto-Pnar-Khasi-Lyngngam", 116773259, "aav-pkl", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aav-pro"] = { -- mkh-pro will merge into this "Proto-Austroasiatic", 116773186, "aav", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["afa-pro"] = { "Proto-Afroasiatic", 269125, "afa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alg-aga"] = { "Agawam", nil, "alg-eas", "Latn", } m["alg-pro"] = { "Proto-Algonquian", 7251834, "alg", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = "·"}, } m["alv-ama"] = { "Amasi", 4740400, "nic-grs", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ .. c.tilde .. c.macron}, } m["alv-bgu"] = { "Bainouk Gubeeher", 17002646, "alv-bny", "Latn", } m["alv-bua-pro"] = { "Proto-Bua", 116773723, "alv-bua", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-cng-pro"] = { "Proto-Cangin", 116773726, "alv-cng", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-edo-pro"] = { "Proto-Edoid", 116773206, "alv-edo", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-fli-pro"] = { "Proto-Fali", 116773754, "alv-fli", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-gbe-pro"] = { "Proto-Gbe", 116773208, "alv-gbe", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-gng-pro"] = { "Proto-Guang", 116773757, "alv-gng", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-gtm-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Togo", 116773732, "alv-gtm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-gwa"] = { "Gwara", 16945580, "nic-pla", "Latn", } m["alv-hei-pro"] = { "Proto-Heiban", 116773760, "alv-hei", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-ido-pro"] = { "Proto-Idomoid", 116773764, "alv-ido", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-igb-pro"] = { "Proto-Igboid", 116773765, "alv-igb", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-kwa-pro"] = { "Proto-Kwa", 116773780, "alv-kwa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-mum-pro"] = { "Proto-Mumuye", 116773791, "alv-mum", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-nup-pro"] = { "Proto-Nupoid", 116773795, "alv-nup", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-pro"] = { "Proto-Atlantic-Congo", 116732838, "alv", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-edk-pro"] = { "Proto-Edekiri", nil, "alv-edk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-yor-pro"] = { "Proto-Yoruba", nil, "alv-yor", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-yrd-pro"] = { "Proto-Yoruboid", 116773824, "alv-yrd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["alv-von-pro"] = { "Proto-Volta-Niger", 116773820, "alv-von", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["apa-pro"] = { "Proto-Apachean", 116773135, "apa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aql-pro"] = { "Proto-Algic", 18389588, "aql", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = "·"}, } m["art-adu"] = { "Adûni", 1232159, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-bel"] = { "Belter Creole", 108055510, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", sort_key = { remove_diacritics = c.acute, from = {"ɒ"}, to = {"a"}, }, } m["art-blk"] = { "Bolak", 2909283, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-bsp"] = { "Black Speech", 686210, "art", "Latn, Teng", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-com"] = { "Communicationssprache", 35227, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-dtk"] = { "Dothraki", 2914733, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-elo"] = { "Eloi", nil, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-gld"] = { "Goa'uld", 19823, "art", "Latn, Egyp, Mero", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-lap"] = { "Lapine", 6488195, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-man"] = { "Mandalorian", 54289, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-mun"] = { "Mundolinco", 851355, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-nav"] = { "Naʼvi", 316939, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["art-vlh"] = { "High Valyrian", 64483808, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["ath-nic"] = { "Nicola", 20609, "ath-nor", "Latn", } m["ath-pro"] = { "Proto-Athabaskan", 104841722, "ath", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["auf-pro"] = { "Proto-Arawa", 116773706, "auf", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-alu"] = { "Alungul", 16827670, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-and"] = { "Andjingith", 4754509, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-ang"] = { "Angkula", 16828520, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-arn-pro"] = { "Proto-Arnhem", 116773720, "aus-arn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-bra"] = { "Barranbinya", 4863220, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-brm"] = { "Barunggam", 4865914, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-cww-pro"] = { "Proto-Central New South Wales", 116773199, "aus-cww", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-dal-pro"] = { "Proto-Daly", 116773743, "aus-dal", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-guw"] = { "Guwar", 6652138, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["aus-lsw"] = { "Little Swanport", 6652138, "qfa-unc", "Latn", } m["aus-mbi"] = { "Mbiywom", 6799701, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-ngk"] = { "Ngkoth", 7022405, "aus-pmn", "Latn", } m["aus-nyu-pro"] = { "Proto-Nyulnyulan", 116773797, "aus-nyu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-pam-pro"] = { "Proto-Pama-Nyungan", 33942, "aus-pam", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-tul"] = { "Tulua", 16938541, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["aus-uwi"] = { "Uwinymil", 7903995, "aus-arn", "Latn", } m["aus-wdj-pro"] = { "Proto-Iwaidjan", 116773767, "aus-wdj", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["aus-won"] = { "Wong-gie", nil, "aus-pam", "Latn", } m["aus-wul"] = { "Wulguru", 8039196, "aus-dyb", "Latn", } m["aus-ynk"] = { -- contrast nny "Yangkaal", 3913770, "aus-tnk", "Latn", } m["awd-amc-pro"] = { "Proto-Amuesha-Chamicuro", nil, "awd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-kmp-pro"] = { "Proto-Kampa", nil, "awd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-prw-pro"] = { "Proto-Paresi-Waura", nil, "awd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-ama"] = { "Amarizana", 16827787, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-ana"] = { "Anauyá", 16828252, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-apo"] = { "Apolista", 16916645, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-cab"] = { "Cabre", 16850160, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-gnu"] = { "Guinau", 3504087, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-kar"] = { "Cariay", 16920253, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-kaw"] = { "Kawishana", 6379993, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["awd-kus"] = { "Kustenau", 5196293, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-man"] = { "Manao", 6746920, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-mar"] = { "Marawan", 6755108, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-mpr"] = { "Maipure", 6736872, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-mrt"] = { "Mariaté", 16910017, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["awd-nwk-pro"] = { "Proto-Nawiki", 116773234, "awd-nwk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-pai"] = { "Paikoneka", 128807835, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-pas"] = { "Pasé", 7143168, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["awd-pro"] = { "Proto-Arawak", 97573478, "awd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-she"] = { "Shebayo", 7492248, "awd", "Latn", } m["awd-taa-pro"] = { "Proto-Ta-Arawak", 116773282, "awd-taa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["awd-wai"] = { "Wainumá", 16910017, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["awd-yum"] = { "Yumana", 8061062, "awd-nwk", "Latn", } m["azc-caz"] = { "Cazcan", 5055514, "azc", "Latn", } m["azc-cup-pro"] = { "Proto-Cupan", 116773738, "azc-cup", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-ktn"] = { "Kitanemuk", 3197558, "azc-tak", "Latn", } m["azc-nah-pro"] = { "Proto-Nahuan", 7251860, "azc-nah", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-num-pro"] = { "Proto-Numic", 116773247, "azc-num", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-pro"] = { "Proto-Uto-Aztecan", 96400333, "azc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-tak-pro"] = { "Proto-Takic", 116773283, "azc-tak", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["azc-tat"] = { "Tataviam", 743736, "azc", "Latn", } m["ber-pro"] = { "Proto-Berber", 2855698, "ber", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ber-fog"] = { "Fogaha", 107610173, "ber", "Latn", } m["ber-zuw"] = { "Zuwara", 4117169, "ber", "Latn", } m["bnt-bal"] = { "Balong", 93935237, "bnt-bbo", "Latn", } m["bnt-bon"] = { "Boma Nkuu", nil, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-boy"] = { "Boma Yumu", nil, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-bwa"] = { "Bwala", 128810345, "bnt-tek", "Latn", } m["bnt-cmw"] = { "Chimwiini", 4958328, "bnt-swh", "Latn", } m["bnt-ind"] = { "Indanga", 51412803, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-lal"] = { "Lala (South Africa)", 6480154, "bnt-ngu", "Latn", } m["bnt-mpi"] = { "Mpiin", 93937013, "bnt-bdz", "Latn", } m["bnt-mpu"] = { "Mpuono", -- not to be confused with Mbuun zmp 36056, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-ngu-pro"] = { "Proto-Nguni", 961559, "bnt-ngu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ .. c.caron}, } m["bnt-phu"] = { "Phuthi", 33796, "bnt-ngu", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute}, } m["bnt-pro"] = { "Proto-Bantu", 3408025, "bnt", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = "bnt-pro-sortkey", } m["bnt-sab-pro"] = { "Proto-Sabaki", nil, -- Q2209395 is the code for the Sabaki family "bnt-sab", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["bnt-sbo"] = { "South Boma", nil, "bnt", "Latn", } m["bnt-sts-pro"] = { "Proto-Sotho-Tswana", 116773278, "bnt-sts", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["btk-pro"] = { "Proto-Batak", 116773191, "btk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-abz-pro"] = { "Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza", 7251831, "cau-abz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-and-pro"] = { "Proto-Andian", nil, "cau-and", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-ava-pro"] = { "Proto-Avaro-Andian", 116773187, "cau-ava", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-cir-pro"] = { "Proto-Circassian", 7251838, "cau-cir", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-drg-pro"] = { "Proto-Dargwa", 116773205, "cau-drg", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-lzg-pro"] = { "Proto-Lezghian", 116773223, "cau-lzg", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-nec-pro"] = { "Proto-Northeast Caucasian", 116773244, "cau-nec", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-nkh-pro"] = { "Proto-Nakh", 108032840, "cau-nkh", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-nwc-pro"] = { "Proto-Northwest Caucasian", 7251861, "cau-nwc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cau-tsz-pro"] = { "Proto-Tsezian", 116773287, "cau-tsz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cba-ata"] = { "Atanques", 4812783, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-cat"] = { "Catío Chibcha", 7083619, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-dor"] = { "Dorasque", 5297532, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-dui"] = { "Duit", 3041061, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-hue"] = { "Huetar", 35514, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-nut"] = { "Nutabe", 7070405, "cba", "Latn", } m["cba-pro"] = { "Proto-Chibchan", 116773203, "cba", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ccs-pro"] = { "Proto-Kartvelian", 2608203, "ccs", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", strip_diacritics = { from = {"q̣", "p̣", "ʓ", "ċ"}, to = {"q̇", "ṗ", "ʒ", "c̣"} }, } m["ccs-gzn-pro"] = { "Proto-Georgian-Zan", 23808119, "ccs-gzn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", strip_diacritics = { from = {"q̣", "p̣", "ʓ", "ċ"}, to = {"q̇", "ṗ", "ʒ", "c̣"} }, } m["cdc-cbm-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Chadic", 116773197, "cdc-cbm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cdc-mas-pro"] = { "Proto-Masa", 116773789, "cdc-mas", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cdc-pro"] = { "Proto-Chadic", 116773201, "cdc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cdd-pro"] = { "Proto-Caddoan", 116773725, "cdd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cel-bry-pro"] = { "Proto-Brythonic", 1248800, "cel-bry", "Latn, Polyt", sort_key = { Latn = "cel-bry-pro-sortkey", }, -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["cel-gal"] = { "Gallaecian", 3094789, "cel-his", } m["cel-gau"] = { "Gaulish", 29977, "cel", "Latn, Polyt, Ital", strip_diacritics = { Latn = {remove_diacritics = c.macron .. c.breve .. c.diaer}, }, sort_key = { Latn = "cel-bry-pro-sortkey", }, -- Ital translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["cel-pro"] = { "Proto-Celtic", 653649, "cel", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = "cel-pro-sortkey", } m["chi-pro"] = { "Proto-Chimakuan", 116773734, "chi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["chm-pro"] = { "Proto-Mari", 116773788, "chm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cmc-pro"] = { "Proto-Chamic", 114793834, "cmc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["crp-bip"] = { "Basque-Icelandic Pidgin", 810378, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "eu", } m["crp-cpr"] = { "Chinese Pidgin Russian", nil, "crp", "Hani, Cyrl, Latn", ancestors = "ru, zh", translit = {Cyrl = "ru-translit"}, strip_diacritics = { Cyrl = {remove_diacritics = c.acute .. c.grave .. c.macron}, }, } m["crp-gep"] = { "West Greenlandic Pidgin", 17036301, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "kl", } m["crp-kia"] = { "Kiautschou German Pidgin", 108314615, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "de", } m["crp-mar"] = { "Maroon Spirit Language", 1093206, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "en", } m["crp-mpp"] = { "Macau Pidgin Portuguese", 128804537, "crp", "Hant, Latn", ancestors = "pt", sort_key = {Hant = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["crp-rsn"] = { "Russenorsk", 505125, "crp", "Cyrl, Latn", ancestors = "nn, ru", translit = {Cyrl = "ru-translit"}, } m["crp-spp"] = { "Samoan Plantation Pidgin", 7409948, "crp", "Latn", ancestors = "en", } m["crp-slb"] = { "Solombala English", 7558525, "crp", "Cyrl, Latn", ancestors = "en, ru", translit = {Cyrl = "ru-translit"}, } m["crp-tpr"] = { "Taimyr Pidgin Russian", 16930506, "crp", "Cyrl", ancestors = "ru", translit = "ru-translit", } m["csu-bba-pro"] = { "Proto-Bongo-Bagirmi", 116773722, "csu-bba", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["csu-maa-pro"] = { "Proto-Mangbetu", 116773786, "csu-maa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["csu-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Sudanic", 116773730, "csu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["csu-sar-pro"] = { "Proto-Sara", 116773809, "csu-sar", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cus-ash"] = { "Ashraaf", 4805855, "cus-som", "Latn", } m["cus-hec-pro"] = { "Proto-Highland East Cushitic", 116773761, "cus-hec", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cus-som-pro"] = { "Proto-Somaloid", nil, "cus-som", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cus-sou-pro"] = { "Proto-South Cushitic", 126081567, "cus-sou", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["cus-pro"] = { "Proto-Cushitic", 116773204, "cus", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dmn-dam"] = { "Dama (Sierra Leone)", 19601574, "dmn", "Latn", } m["dra-bry"] = { "Beary", 1089116, "qfa-mix", "Mlym, Knda", ancestors = "ml, tcy", -- Knda translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] -- Mlym translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["dra-cen-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Dravidian", nil, "dra-cen", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dra-mkn"] = { "Middle Kannada", 128810572, "dra-kan", "Knda", -- Knda translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["dra-nor-pro"] = { "Proto-North Dravidian", 124433593, "dra-nor", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dra-okn"] = { "Old Kannada", 15723156, "dra-kan", "Knda", -- Knda translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["dra-ote"] = { "Old Telugu", 126720868, "dra-tel", "Telu", translit = "te-translit", } m["dra-pro"] = { "Proto-Dravidian", 1702853, "dra", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dra-sdo-pro"] = { "Proto-South Dravidian I", 104847952, -- Wikipedia's "Proto-South Dravidian" is Proto-South Dravidian I in this scheme. "dra-sdo", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dra-sdt-pro"] = { "Proto-South Dravidian II", 128885257, "dra-sdt", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dra-sou-pro"] = { "Proto-South Dravidian", 128886121, "dra-sou", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["egx-dem"] = { "Demotic Egyptian", 36765, "egx", "Latn, Egyd, Polyt", sort_key = { Latn = { remove_diacritics = "'%-%s", from = {"ꜣ", "j", "e", "ꜥ", "y", "w", "b", "p", "f", "m", "n", "r", "l", "ḥ", "ḫ", "h̭", "ẖ", "h", "š", "s", "q", "k", "g", "ṱ", "ṯ", "t", "ḏ", "%.", "⸗"}, to = {p[1], p[2], p[3], p[4], p[5], p[6], p[7], p[8], p[9], p[10], p[11], p[12], p[13], p[15], p[16], p[16], p[17], p[14], p[19], p[18], p[20], p[21], p[22], p[23], p[24], p[23], p[25], p[26], p[26]} }, }, -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["dmn-pro"] = { "Proto-Mande", 116773785, "dmn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dmn-mdw-pro"] = { "Proto-Western Mande", 116773822, "dmn-mdw", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["dru-pro"] = { "Proto-Rukai", 116773807, "map", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ero-gsz"] = { "Geshiza", nil, "ero", "Latn", } m["ero-nya"] = { "Nyagrong Minyag", nil, "ero", "Latn", } m["ero-tau"] = { "Stau", nil, "ero", "Latn", } m["esx-esk-pro"] = { "Proto-Eskimo", 7251842, "esx-esk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["esx-ink"] = { "Inuktun", 1671647, "esx-inu", "Latn", } m["esx-inq"] = { "Inuinnaqtun", 28070, "esx-inu", "Latn", } m["esx-inu-pro"] = { "Proto-Inuit", 60785588, "esx-inu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["esx-pro"] = { "Proto-Eskimo-Aleut", 7251843, "esx", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["esx-tut"] = { "Tunumiisut", 15665389, "esx-inu", "Latn", } m["euq-pro"] = { "Proto-Basque", 938011, "euq", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["gba-pro"] = { "Proto-Gbaya", nil, "gba", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["gem-pro"] = { "Proto-Germanic", 669623, "gem", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = "gem-pro-sortkey", } m["gme-bur"] = { "Burgundian", 47625, "gme", "Latn", } m["gme-cgo"] = { "Crimean Gothic", 36211, "gme", "Latn", } m["gmq-gut"] = { "Gutnish", 1256646, "gmq", "Latn", ancestors = "gmq-ogt", } m["gmq-jmk"] = { "Jamtish", 35512, "gmq-eas", "Latn", } m["gmq-mno"] = { "Middle Norwegian", 3417070, "gmq-wes", "Latn", } m["gmq-oda"] = { "Old Danish", 12330003, "gmq-eas", "Latn, Runr", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.macron}, } m["gmq-ogt"] = { "Old Gutnish", 1133488, "gmq", "Latn, Runr", ancestors = "non", } m["gmq-osw"] = { "Old Swedish", 2417210, "gmq-eas", "Latn, Runr", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.macron}, } m["gmq-pro"] = { "Proto-Norse", 1671294, "gmq", "Runr", translit = "Runr-translit", } m["gmq-scy"] = { "Scanian", 768017, "gmq-eas", "Latn", } m["gmw-bgh"] = { "Bergish", 329030, "gmw-frk", "Latn", } m["gmw-cfr"] = { "Central Franconian", 572197, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "gmh", wikimedia_codes = "ksh", } m["gmw-ecg"] = { "East Central German", 499344, -- subsumes Q699284, Q152965 "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "gmh", } m["gmw-fin"] = { "Fingallian", 3072588, "gmw-ian", "Latn", } m["gmw-gts"] = { "Gottscheerish", 533109, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "bar", } m["gmw-jdt"] = { "Jersey Dutch", 1687911, "gmw-frk", "Latn", ancestors = "nl", } m["gmw-msc"] = { "Middle Scots", 3327000, "gmw-ang", "Latn", ancestors = "enm-esc", } m["gmw-pro"] = { "Proto-West Germanic", 78079021, "gmw", "Latn, Runr", -- type = "reconstructed", -- largely but not entirely reconstructed (like Proto-Norse); see April '24 BP, set back to reconstructed (?) if 'anti-asterisk' is added sort_key = "gmw-pro-sortkey", } m["gmw-rfr"] = { "Rhine Franconian", 707007, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "gmh", } m["gmw-stm"] = { "Sathmar Swabian", 2223059, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "swg", } m["gmw-tsx"] = { "Transylvanian Saxon", 260942, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "gmw-cfr", } m["gmw-vog"] = { "Volga German", 312574, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "gmw-rfr", } m["gmw-zps"] = { "Zipser German", 205548, "gmw-hgm", "Latn", ancestors = "gmh", } m["gn-cls"] = { "Classical Guarani", 17478065, "gn", "Latn", } m["grk-cal"] = { "Calabrian Greek", 1146398, "grk", "Latn, Grek", ancestors = "grk-ita", translit = { Grek = "el-translit", }, -- Grek display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["grk-ita"] = { "Italiot Greek", 19720507, "grk", "Latn, Grek", ancestors = "gkm", translit = { Grek = "el-translit", }, -- Grek display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["grk-mar"] = { "Mariupol Greek", 4400023, "grk", "Cyrl, Latn, Grek", ancestors = "gkm", translit = { Cyrl = "grk-mar-translit", Grek = "grk-mar-translit", }, override_translit = true, strip_diacritics = { Cyrl = {remove_diacritics = c.acute}, }, -- Grek display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["grk-pro"] = { "Proto-Hellenic", 1231805, "grk", "Latn, Polyt", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = {Latn = { from = {"ʰ", "ʷ"}, to = {"h", "w"}, remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.macron .. c.breve .. c.caron }}, -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] -- NOTE: formerly no translit specified for Polyt; presumably an accidental omission; if not, set Polyt = false in -- the translit section } m["hmn-pro"] = { "Proto-Hmongic", 116773210, "hmn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["hmx-mie-pro"] = { "Proto-Mienic", 116773229, "hmx-mie", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["hmx-pro"] = { "Proto-Hmong-Mien", 7251846, "hmx", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["hyx-pro"] = { "Proto-Armenian", 3848498, "hyx", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["iir-nur-pro"] = { "Proto-Nuristani", 116773248, "iir-nur", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["iir-pro"] = { "Proto-Indo-Iranian", 966439, "iir", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ijo-pro"] = { "Proto-Ijoid", 116773766, "ijo", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["inc-apa"] = { "Apabhramsa", 616419, "inc-mid", "Deva, Shrd, Sidd", ancestors = "pra", translit = { Deva = "sa-translit", -- Shrd translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] -- Sidd translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] }, } m["inc-ash"] = { "Ashokan Prakrit", 104854379, "inc-mid", "Brah, Khar", ancestors = "sa", translit = { -- Brah translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] Khar = "Khar-translit", }, } m["inc-dng-pro"] = { "Proto-Dangari", nil, "inc-dng", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["inc-kam"] = { "Kamarupi Prakrit", 6356097, "inc-bas", "Brah, Sidd", -- Brah, Sidd translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["inc-kho"] = { "Kholosi", 24952008, "inc-snd", "Latn", } m["inc-krd-pro"] = { "Proto-Kamta", 128816843, "inc-bas", "Latn", ancestors = "inc-kam", type = "reconstructed", } m["inc-mas"] = { "Middle Assamese", 128806836, "inc-bas", "as-Beng", ancestors = "inc-oas", translit = "inc-mas-translit", } m["inc-mbn"] = { "Middle Bengali", 113559927, "inc-bas", "Beng", ancestors = "inc-obn", translit = "inc-mbn-translit", } m["inc-mgu"] = { "Middle Gujarati", 24907429, "inc-wes", "Deva", ancestors = "inc-ogu", } m["inc-mor"] = { "Middle Odia", 128810882, "inc-eas", "Orya", ancestors = "inc-oor", } m["inc-oas"] = { "Early Assamese", 85758237, "inc-bas", "as-Beng", ancestors = "inc-kam", translit = "inc-oas-translit", } m["inc-oaw"] = { "Old Awadhi", nil, "inc-hie", "Deva, Kthi, ur-Arab", strip_diacritics = { from = {"هٔ", "ۂ"}, -- character "ۂ" code U+06C2 to "ه" and "هٔ" (U+0647 + U+0654) to "ه" to = {"ہ", "ہ"}, remove_diacritics = c.fathatan .. c.dammatan .. c.kasratan .. c.fatha .. c.damma .. c.kasra .. c.shadda .. c.sukun .. c.nunghunna .. c.superalef }, translit = { Deva = "sa-translit", Kthi = "sa-Kthi-translit", ["ur-Arab"] = "inc-ohi-translit", }, } m["inc-obn"] = { "Old Bengali", 113559926, "inc-bas", "Beng", } m["inc-ogu"] = { "Old Gujarati", 24907427, "inc-wes", "Deva", translit = "sa-translit", } m["inc-ohi"] = { "Old Hindi", 48767781, "inc-hiw", "Deva, ur-Arab", strip_diacritics = { from = {"هٔ", "ۂ"}, -- character "ۂ" code U+06C2 to "ه" and "هٔ" (U+0647 + U+0654) to "ه" to = {"ہ", "ہ"}, remove_diacritics = c.fathatan .. c.dammatan .. c.kasratan .. c.fatha .. c.damma .. c.kasra .. c.shadda .. c.sukun .. c.nunghunna .. c.superalef }, translit = { Deva = "sa-translit", ["ur-Arab"] = "inc-ohi-translit", }, } m["inc-oor"] = { "Old Odia", 128807801, "inc-eas", "Orya", } m["inc-opa"] = { "Old Punjabi", 115270971, "inc-pan", "Guru, pa-Arab", translit = { Guru = "inc-opa-Guru-translit", ["pa-Arab"] = "pa-Arab-translit", }, strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.fathatan .. c.dammatan .. c.kasratan .. c.fatha .. c.damma .. c.kasra .. c.shadda .. c.sukun}, } m["inc-pro"] = { "Proto-Indo-Aryan", 23808344, "inc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ine-ana-pro"] = { "Proto-Anatolian", 7251833, "ine-ana", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ine-bsl-pro"] = { "Proto-Balto-Slavic", 1703347, "ine-bsl", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = { from = {"[áā]", "[éēḗ]", "[íī]", "[óōṓ]", "[úū]", c.acute, c.macron, "ˀ"}, to = {"a", "e", "i", "o", "u"} }, } m["ine-grp-pro"] = { "Proto-Graeco-Phrygian", nil, "ine-grp", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ine-kal"] = { "Kalašma", 122770439, "ine-ana", "Xsux", } m["ine-pae"] = { "Paeonian", 2705672, "ine", "Polyt", -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["ine-pro"] = { "Proto-Indo-European", 37178, "ine", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = { from = {"[áā]", "[éēḗ]", "[íī]", "[óōṓ]", "[úū]", "ĺ", "ḿ", "ń", "ŕ", "ǵ", "ḱ", "ʰ", "ʷ", "₁", "₂", "₃", c.ringbelow, c.acute, c.macron}, to = {"a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "l", "m", "n", "r", "g'", "k'", "¯h", "¯w", "1", "2", "3"} }, } m["ine-toc-pro"] = { "Proto-Tocharian", 104841462, "ine-toc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xme-old"] = { "Old Median", 36461, "xme", "Polyt, Latn", -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["xme-mid"] = { "Middle Median", 12836150, "xme", "Latn", } m["xme-ker"] = { "Kermanic", 129850, "xme", "fa-Arab, Latn, Hebr", ancestors = "xme-mid", -- Hebr display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["xme-taf"] = { "Tafreshi", nil, "xme", "fa-Arab, Latn", ancestors = "xme-mid", } m["xme-ttc-pro"] = { "Proto-Tatic", 122973870, "xme-ttc", "Latn", ancestors = "xme-mid", } m["xme-kls"] = { "Kalasuri", nil, "xme-ttc", ancestors = "xme-ttc-nor", } m["xme-klt"] = { "Kilit", 3612452, "xme-ttc", "Cyrl", -- and fa-Arab? } m["xme-ott"] = { "Old Tati", 434697, "xme-ttc", "fa-Arab, Latn", } m["ira-kms-pro"] = { "Proto-Komisenian", 116773777, "ira-kms", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-mpr-pro"] = { "Proto-Medo-Parthian", 116773227, "ira-mpr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-pat-pro"] = { "Proto-Pathan", 116773255, "ira-pat", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-pro"] = { "Proto-Iranian", 4167865, "ira", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-zgr-pro"] = { "Proto-Zaza-Gorani", 116775031, "ira-zgr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xsc-pro"] = { "Proto-Scythian", 116773273, "xsc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xsc-sar-pro"] = { "Proto-Sarmatian", 116773249, "xsc-sar", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xsc-skw-pro"] = { "Proto-Saka-Wakhi", 116773267, "xsc-skw", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xsc-sak-pro"] = { "Proto-Saka", 116773264, "xsc-sak", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-sym-pro"] = { "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji", 116773813, "ira-sym", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-sgi-pro"] = { "Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi", 116773808, "ira-sgi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-mny-pro"] = { "Proto-Munji-Yidgha", 116773792, "ira-mny", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-shy-pro"] = { "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami", 116773812, "ira-shy", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-shr-pro"] = { "Proto-Shughni-Roshani", 116773811, "ira-shr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-sgc-pro"] = { "Proto-Sogdic", 116773276, "ira-sgc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ira-wnj"] = { "Vanji", 3398419, "ira-shy", "Latn", } m["iro-ere"] = { "Erie", 5388365, "iro-nor", "Latn", } m["iro-min"] = { "Mingo", 128531, "iro-nor", "Latn", ietf_subtag = "i-mingo", -- grandfathered IETF tag } m["iro-nor-pro"] = { "Proto-North Iroquoian", 116773242, "iro-nor", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["iro-pro"] = { "Proto-Iroquoian", 7251852, "iro", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["itc-pro"] = { "Proto-Italic", 17102720, "itc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["itc-psa"] = { "Pre-Samnite", 7239186, "itc-sbl", "Ital, Polyt, Latn", -- Ital translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] (NOTE: formerly not present, probably an accidental omission) -- Polyt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["jpx-hcj"] = { "Hachijō", 5637049, "jpx", "Jpan", ancestors = "ojp-eas", translit = s["jpx-translit"], display_text = s["jpx-displaytext"], strip_diacritics = s["jpx-stripdiacritics"], sort_key = s["jpx-sortkey"], } m["jpx-pro"] = { "Proto-Japonic", 3924309, "jpx", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["jpx-ryu-pro"] = { "Proto-Ryukyuan", 56349069, "jpx-ryu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["kar-pro"] = { "Proto-Karen", 85794783, "kar", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["kca-eas"] = { "Eastern Khanty", 30304622, "kca", "Cyrl", translit = "kca-translit", override_translit = true, -- TODO temporary until MediaWiki supports Unicode 16 (probably requires a PHP update from their side) sort_key = { Cyrl = { from = {"ᲊ"}, to = {"Ᲊ"} } }, } m["kca-nor"] = { "Northern Khanty", 30304527, "kca", "Cyrl", translit = "kca-translit", override_translit = true, -- TODO temporary until MediaWiki supports Unicode 16 (probably requires a PHP update from their side) sort_key = { Cyrl = { from = {"ᲊ"}, to = {"Ᲊ"} } }, } m["kca-pro"] = { "Proto-Khanty", 127505171, "kca", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["kca-sou"] = { "Southern Khanty", 30304618, "kca", "Cyrl", translit = "kca-translit", override_translit = true, } m["khi-kho-pro"] = { "Proto-Khoe", 116773218, "khi-kho", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["khi-kun"] = { "ǃKung", 32904, "khi-kxa", "Latn", } m["ko-ear"] = { "Early Modern Korean", 756014, "qfa-kor", "Kore", ancestors = "okm", translit = "okm-translit", -- Kore strip_diacritics in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["kro-pro"] = { "Proto-Kru", 116773778, "kro", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ku-pro"] = { "Proto-Kurdish", 116773221, "ku", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["map-ata-pro"] = { "Proto-Atayalic", 116773151, "map-ata", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["map-bms"] = { "Banyumasan", 33219, "map", "Latn, Java", } m["map-pro"] = { "Proto-Austronesian", 49230, "map", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mis-hkl"] = { "Kelantan Peranakan Hokkien", 108794818, "qfa-mix", ancestors = "nan-hbl, sou, mfa", } m["mis-idn"] = { "Idiom Neutral", 35847, "art", "Latn", type = "appendix-constructed", } m["mis-isa"] = { "Isaurian", 16956868, nil, -- "Xsux, Hluw, Latn", } m["mis-jie"] = { "Jie", 124424186, nil, "Hani", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["mis-jzh"] = { "Jizhao", 45242758, "qfa-bej", "Latn", } m["mis-kas"] = { "Kassite", 35612, nil, "Xsux", } m["mis-mmd"] = { "Mimi of Decorse", 6862206, nil, "Latn", } m["mis-mmn"] = { "Mimi of Nachtigal", 6862207, nil, "Latn", } m["mis-phi"] = { "Philistine", 2230924, nil, "Phnx", -- Phnx translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] (NOTE: not present before, presumably an accidental omission) } m["mis-rou"] = { "Rouran", 48816637, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mis-tdl"] = { "Turdulian", 133176492, } m["mis-tdt"] = { "Turdetanian", 133176461, } m["mis-tnw"] = { "Tangwang", 7683179, "qfa-mix", "Latn", ancestors = "cmn, sce", } m["mis-tuh"] = { "Tuyuhun", 48816625, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mis-tuo"] = { "Tuoba", 48816629, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mis-wuh"] = { "Wuhuan", 118976867, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mis-xbi"] = { "Xianbei", 4448647, "qfa-xgx", "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mis-xnu"] = { "Xiongnu", 10901674, nil, "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mjg-mgl"] = { "Mongghul", 53765528, "mjg", "Latn", -- also Mong, Cyrl ? } m["mjg-mgr"] = { "Mangghuer", 56285392, "mjg", "Latn", -- also Mong, Cyrl ? } m["mkh-asl-pro"] = { "Proto-Aslian", 55630680, "mkh-asl", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-ban-pro"] = { "Proto-Bahnaric", 116773189, "mkh-ban", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-kat-pro"] = { "Proto-Katuic", 116773772, "mkh-kat", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-khm-pro"] = { "Proto-Khmuic", 116773774, "mkh-khm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-kmr-pro"] = { "Proto-Khmeric", 55630684, "mkh-kmr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-mmn"] = { "Middle Mon", 121337926, "mkh-mnc", "Latn, Mymr", --and also Pallava ancestors = "omx", } m["mkh-mnc-pro"] = { "Proto-Monic", 116773231, "mkh-mnc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-mvi"] = { "Middle Vietnamese", 9199, "mkh-vie", "Hani, Latn", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["mkh-pal-pro"] = { "Proto-Palaungic", 104847372, "mkh-pal", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-pea-pro"] = { "Proto-Pearic", 116773804, "mkh-pea", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-pkn-pro"] = { "Proto-Pakanic", 116773803, "mkh-pkn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mkh-pro"] = { --This will be merged into 2015 aav-pro. "Proto-Mon-Khmer", 7251859, "mkh", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mnw-tha"] = { -- To be removed. "Thai Mon", nil, "mkh-mnc", "Mymr, Thai", ancestors = "mkh-mmn", sort_key = { from = {"[%p]", "ျ", "ြ", "ွ", "ှ", "ၞ", "ၟ", "ၠ", "ၚ", "ဿ", "[็-๎]", "([เแโใไ])([ก-ฮ])ฺ?"}, to = {"", "္ယ", "္ရ", "္ဝ", "္ဟ", "္န", "္မ", "္လ", "င", "သ္သ", "", "%2%1"} }, } m["mkh-vie-pro"] = { "Proto-Vietic", 109432616, "mkh-vie", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mns-cen"] = { "Central Mansi", 128810384, "mns", "Cyrl", translit = "mns-translit", override_translit = true, } m["mns-nor"] = { "Northern Mansi", 30304537, "mns", "Cyrl", translit = "mns-translit", override_translit = true, } m["mns-pro"] = { "Proto-Mansi", 128883093, "mns", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["mns-sou"] = { "Southern Mansi", 30304629, "mns", "Cyrl", translit = "mns-translit", override_translit = true, } m["mun-pro"] = { "Proto-Munda", 105102373, "mun", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["myn-chl"] = { -- the stage after ''emy'' "Ch'olti'", 873995, "myn", "Latn", } m["myn-pro"] = { "Proto-Mayan", 3321532, "myn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-ala"] = { "Alazapa", 128810233, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-bay"] = { "Bayogoula", 1563704, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-cal"] = { "Calusa", 51782, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-chi"] = { "Chiquimulilla", 25339627, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-chu-pro"] = { "Proto-Chumash", 116773736, "nai-chu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-cig"] = { "Ciguayo", 20741700, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-ckn-pro"] = { "Proto-Chinookan", 116773735, "nai-ckn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-guz"] = { "Guazacapán", 19572028, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-hit"] = { "Hitchiti", 1542882, "nai-mus", "Latn", } m["nai-ipa"] = { "Ipai", 3027474, "nai-yuc", "Latn", } m["nai-jtp"] = { "Jutiapa", nil, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-jum"] = { "Jumaytepeque", 25339626, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-kat"] = { "Kathlamet", 6376639, "nai-ckn", "Latn", } m["nai-klp-pro"] = { "Proto-Kalapuyan", 116773771, "nai-klp", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-knm"] = { "Konomihu", 3198734, "nai-shs", "Latn", } m["nai-kum"] = { "Kumeyaay", 4910139, "nai-yuc", "Latn", } m["nai-mac"] = { "Macoris", 21070851, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-mdu-pro"] = { "Proto-Maidun", 116773784, "nai-mdu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-miz-pro"] = { "Proto-Mixe-Zoque", 7251858, "nai-miz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-mus-pro"] = { "Proto-Muskogean", 116775368, "nai-mus", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-nao"] = { "Naolan", 6964594, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-nrs"] = { "New River Shasta", 7011254, "nai-shs", "Latn", } m["nai-okw"] = { "Okwanuchu", 3350126, "nai-shs", "Latn", } m["nai-per"] = { "Pericú", 3375369, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-pic"] = { "Picuris", 7191257, "nai-kta", "Latn", } m["nai-plp-pro"] = { "Proto-Plateau Penutian", 116773806, "nai-plp", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-pom-pro"] = { "Proto-Pomo", 116773262, "nai-pom", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-qng"] = { "Quinigua", 36360, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-sca-pro"] = { -- NB 'sio-pro' "Proto-Siouan" which is Proto-Western Siouan "Proto-Siouan-Catawban", 116773275, "nai-sca", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-sin"] = { "Sinacantán", 24190249, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nai-sln"] = { "Salvadoran Lenca", 3229434, "nai-len", "Latn", } m["nai-spt"] = { "Sahaptin", 3833015, "nai-shp", "Latn", } m["nai-tap"] = { "Tapachultec", 7684401, "nai-miz", "Latn", } m["nai-taw"] = { "Tawasa", 7689233, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-teq"] = { "Tequistlatec", 2964454, "nai-tqn", "Latn", } m["nai-tip"] = { "Tipai", 3027471, "nai-yuc", "Latn", } m["nai-tot-pro"] = { "Proto-Totozoquean", 116773285, "nai-tot", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-tsi-pro"] = { "Proto-Tsimshianic", nil, "nai-tsi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-utn-pro"] = { "Proto-Utian", 116773290, "nai-utn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nai-wai"] = { "Waikuri", 3118702, nil, "Latn", } m["nai-wji"] = { "Western Jicaque", 3178610, "nai-jcq", "Latn", } m["nai-yup"] = { "Yupiltepeque", 25339628, "nai-xin", "Latn", } m["nan-dat"] = { "Datian Min", 19855572, "zhx-nan", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["nan-hbl"] = { "Hokkien", 1624231, "zhx-nan", "Hants, Latn, Bopo, Kana", wikimedia_codes = "zh-min-nan", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = { Hani = "Hani-sortkey", Kana = "Kana-sortkey" }, } m["nan-hlh"] = { "Hailufeng Min", 120755728, "zhx-nan", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["nan-lnx"] = { "Longyan Min", 6674568, "zhx-nan", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["nan-tws"] = { "Teochew", 36759, "zhx-nan", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", translit = "zh-translit", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["nan-zhe"] = { "Zhenan Min", 3846710, "zhx-nan", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["nan-zsh"] = { "Sanxiang Min", 7420769, "zhx-nan", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["ngf-bin-pro"] = { "Proto-Binanderean", 137881672, "ngf-bin", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ngf-pro"] = { "Proto-Trans-New Guinea", 85794785, "ngf", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-bco-pro"] = { "Proto-Benue-Congo", 116773194, "nic-bco", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-bod-pro"] = { "Proto-Bantoid", 116773190, "nic-bod", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-eov-pro"] = { "Proto-Eastern Oti-Volta", 116773753, "nic-eov", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-gns-pro"] = { "Proto-Gurunsi", 116773759, "nic-gns", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-grf-pro"] = { "Proto-Grassfields", 116773755, "nic-grf", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-gur-pro"] = { "Proto-Gur", 116773758, "nic-gur", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-jkn-pro"] = { "Proto-Jukunoid", 116773769, "nic-jkn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-lcr-pro"] = { "Proto-Lower Cross River", 116773782, "nic-lcr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-ogo-pro"] = { "Proto-Ogoni", 116773799, "nic-ogo", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-ovo-pro"] = { "Proto-Oti-Volta", 116773802, "nic-ovo", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-plt-pro"] = { "Proto-Plateau", 116773805, "nic-plt", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-pro"] = { "Proto-Niger-Congo", 108000748, "nic", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-ubg-pro"] = { "Proto-Ubangian", 116773818, "nic-ubg", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-ucr-pro"] = { "Proto-Upper Cross River", 116773819, "nic-ucr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["nic-vco-pro"] = { "Proto-Volta-Congo", 116773293, "nic-vco", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["njo-jgl"] = { "Chungli Ao", 55607615, "njo", "Latn", } m["njo-mng"] = { "Mongsen Ao", 85383221, "njo", "Latn", } m["nub-har"] = { "Haraza", 19572059, "nub", "Arab, Latn", } m["nub-pro"] = { "Proto-Nubian", 116773246, "nub", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-cha-pro"] = { "Proto-Chatino", 116773202, "omq-cha", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-maz-pro"] = { "Proto-Mazatec", 116773790, "omq-maz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-mix-pro"] = { "Proto-Mixtecan", 21573423, "omq-mix", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-mxt-pro"] = { "Proto-Mixtec", 21573424, "omq-mxt", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-otp-pro"] = { "Proto-Oto-Pamean", 116773251, "omq-otp", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-pro"] = { "Proto-Oto-Manguean", 33669, "omq", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-sjq"] = { "San Juan Quiahije Chatino", 138330751, "omq-cha", "Latn", } m["omq-tel"] = { "Teposcolula Mixtec", nil, "omq-mxt", "Latn", } m["omq-teo"] = { "Teojomulco Chatino", 25340451, "omq-cha", "Latn", } m["omq-tri-pro"] = { "Proto-Triqui", 116773817, "omq-tri", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-zap-pro"] = { "Proto-Zapotecan", 116773297, "omq-zap", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omq-zpc-pro"] = { "Proto-Zapotec", 116773296, "omq-zpc", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omv-aro-pro"] = { "Proto-Aroid", 116773721, "omv-aro", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omv-diz-pro"] = { "Proto-Dizoid", 116773750, "omv-diz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["omv-pro"] = { "Proto-Omotic", 116773800, "omv", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["oto-otm-pro"] = { "Proto-Otomi", 5908710, "oto-otm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["oto-pro"] = { "Proto-Otomian", 116773252, "oto", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["paa-kmn"] = { "Kómnzo", 18344310, "paa-wko", "Latn", } m["paa-kwn"] = { "Kuwani", 6449056, "qfa-unc", -- poorly attested, possibly the same as or related to Kalabra "Latn", } m["paa-lei"] = { "Leitre", 85776228, "paa-isk", } m["paa-nha-pro"] = { "Proto-North Halmahera", 116773241, "paa-nha", "Latn", type = "reconstructed" } m["paa-nun"] = { "Nungon", 128807788, "ngf-ynu", "Latn", } m["phi-din"] = { "Dinapigue Agta", 16945774, "phi", "Latn", } m["phi-kal-pro"] = { "Proto-Kalamian", 116773213, "phi-kal", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["phi-nag"] = { "Nagtipunan Agta", 16966111, "phi", "Latn", } m["phi-pro"] = { "Proto-Philippine", 18204898, "phi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-abi"] = { "Abai", 19570729, "poz-san", "Latn", } m["poz-bal"] = { "Baliledo", 4850912, "poz", "Latn", } m["poz-btk-pro"] = { "Proto-Bungku-Tolaki", 116773724, "poz-btk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-cet-pro"] = { "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian", 2269883, "poz-cet", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-hce-pro"] = { "Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih", 116773209, "poz-hce", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-lgx-pro"] = { "Proto-Lampungic", 116773222, "poz-lgx", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-mcm-pro"] = { "Proto-Malayo-Chamic", 116773225, "poz-mcm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-mic-pro"] = { "Proto-Micronesian", 111939079, "poz-mic", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-mly-pro"] = { "Proto-Malayic", 98057728, "poz-mly", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-msa-pro"] = { "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan", 116773226, "poz-msa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-oce-pro"] = { "Proto-Oceanic", 141741, "poz-oce", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-pep-pro"] = { "Proto-Eastern Polynesian", 113988745, "poz-pep", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-pnp-pro"] = { "Proto-Nuclear Polynesian", 113988746, "poz-pnp", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-pol-pro"] = { "Proto-Polynesian", 1658709, "poz-pol", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-pro"] = { "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian", 3832960, "poz", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-sml"] = { "Sarawak Malay", 4251702, "poz-mly", "Latn, ms-Arab", } m["poz-ssw-pro"] = { "Proto-South Sulawesi", 116773279, "poz-ssw", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-swa-pro"] = { "Proto-North Sarawak", 116773243, "poz-swa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["poz-ter"] = { "Terengganu Malay", 4207412, "poz-mly", "Latn, ms-Arab", } m["pqe-pro"] = { "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian", 2269883, "pqe", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["pra-niy"] = { "Niya Prakrit", 11991601, "inc-mid", "Khar", ancestors = "inc-ash", translit = "Khar-translit", } m["qfa-adm-pro"] = { "Proto-Great Andamanese", 116773756, "qfa-adm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-bet-pro"] = { "Proto-Be-Tai", 116773193, "qfa-bet", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-cka-pro"] = { "Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan", 7251837, "qfa-cka", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-hur-pro"] = { "Proto-Hurro-Urartian", 116773211, "qfa-hur", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-kad-pro"] = { "Proto-Kadu", 116773770, "qfa-kad", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-kms-pro"] = { "Proto-Kam-Sui", 55630682, "qfa-kms", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-kor-pro"] = { "Proto-Koreanic", 467883, "qfa-kor", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-kra-pro"] = { "Proto-Kra", 7251854, "qfa-kra", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-lic-pro"] = { "Proto-Hlai", 7251845, "qfa-lic", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-onb-pro"] = { "Proto-Be", 116773192, "qfa-onb", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-ong-pro"] = { "Proto-Ongan", 116773801, "qfa-ong", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-tak-pro"] = { "Proto-Kra-Dai", 104901616, "qfa-tak", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-yen-pro"] = { "Proto-Yeniseian", 27639, "qfa-yen", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qfa-yuk-pro"] = { "Proto-Yukaghir", 116773294, "qfa-yuk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["qwe-kch"] = { "Kichwa", 1740805, "qwe", "Latn", ancestors = "qu", } m["qwe-pro"] = { "Proto-Quechuan", 5575757, "qwe", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["roa-ang"] = { "Angevin", 56782, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-bbn"] = { "Bourbonnais-Berrichon", 2899128, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-brg"] = { "Bourguignon", 508332, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-can"] = { "Cantabrian", 917021, "roa-asl", "Latn", } m["roa-cha"] = { "Champenois", 430018, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-fcm"] = { "Franc-Comtois", 510561, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-gal"] = { "Gallo", 37300, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-gib"] = { "Gallo-Italic of Basilicata", 3094838, "roa-git", ancestors = "pms-old", "Latn", } m["roa-gis"] = { "Gallo-Italic of Sicily", 2629019, "roa-git", "Latn", ancestors = "pms-old", } m["roa-leo"] = { "Leonese", 34108, "roa-asl", "Latn", } m["roa-lor"] = { "Lorrain", 671198, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-oca"] = { "Old Catalan", 15478520, "roa-ocr", "Latn", sort_key = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.diaer .. c.cedilla .. "·"}, } m["roa-ole"] = { "Old Leonese", 125977465, "roa-asl", "Latn", } m["roa-ona"] = { "Old Navarro-Aragonese", 2736184, "roa-nar", "Latn", } m["roa-opt"] = { "Old Galician-Portuguese", 1072111, "roa-gap", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.circ}, } m["roa-orl"] = { "Orléanais", 28497058, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-poi"] = { "Poitevin-Saintongeais", 514123, "roa-oil", "Latn", sort_key = s["roa-oil-sortkey"], } m["roa-tar"] = { "Tarantino", 695526, "roa-itr", "Latn", wikimedia_codes = "roa-tara", } m["sai-all"] = { "Allentiac", 19570789, "sai-hrp", "Latn", } m["sai-and"] = { -- not to be confused with 'cbc' or 'ano' "Andoquero", 16828359, "sai-wit", "Latn", } m["sai-ayo"] = { "Ayomán", 16937754, "sai-jir", "Latn", } m["sai-bae"] = { "Baenan", 3401998, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; only known through 9 words "Latn", } m["sai-bag"] = { "Bagua", 5390321, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly Cariban "Latn", } m["sai-bet"] = { "Betoi", 926551, "qfa-iso", "Latn", } m["sai-bor-pro"] = { "Proto-Boran", nil, "sai-bor", "Latn", } m["sai-cac"] = { "Cacán", 945482, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; no consensus on classification "Latn", } m["sai-caq"] = { "Caranqui", 2937753, "sai-bar", "Latn", } m["sai-car-pro"] = { "Proto-Cariban", 116773196, "sai-car", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-cat"] = { "Catacao", 5051136, "sai-ctc", "Latn", } m["sai-cer-pro"] = { "Proto-Cerrado", 116773200, "sai-cer", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-chi"] = { "Chirino", 5390321, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, only four words known; possibly related to Candoshi-Shapra (cbu) "Latn", } m["sai-chn"] = { "Chaná", 5072718, "sai-crn", "Latn", } m["sai-chp"] = { "Chapacura", 5072884, "sai-cpc", "Latn", } m["sai-chr"] = { "Charrua", 5086680, "sai-crn", "Latn", } m["sai-chu"] = { "Churuya", 5118339, "sai-guh", "Latn", } m["sai-cje-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Jê", 116773198, "sai-cje", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-cmg"] = { "Comechingon", 6644203, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; no consensus on classification "Latn", } m["sai-cno"] = { "Chono", 5104704, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; no consensus on classification, possibly spurious "Latn", } m["sai-cnr"] = { "Cañari", 5055572, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly Chimuan or Barbacoan "Latn", } m["sai-coe"] = { "Coeruna", 6425639, "sai-wit", "Latn", } m["sai-col"] = { "Colán", 5141893, "sai-ctc", "Latn", } m["sai-cop"] = { "Copallén", 5390321, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, only four words attested; possibly Cholonan "Latn", } m["sai-crd"] = { "Coroado Puri", 24191321, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["sai-ctq"] = { "Catuquinaru", 16858455, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; vocabulary does not resemble other languages "Latn", } m["sai-cul"] = { "Culli", 2879660, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; often considered an isolate "Latn", } m["sai-cva"] = { "Cueva", 5192644, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly Chocoan "Latn", } m["sai-esm"] = { "Esmeralda", 3058083, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly related to Yaruro "Latn", } m["sai-ewa"] = { "Ewarhuyana", 16898104, nil, "Latn", } m["sai-gam"] = { "Gamela", 5403661, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly an isolate "Latn", } m["sai-gay"] = { "Gayón", 5528902, "sai-jir", "Latn", } m["sai-gmo"] = { "Guamo", 5613495, "qfa-unc", -- extinct; "Kaufman (1990) finds a connection with the Chapacuran languages convincing." [Wikipedia] Considered an isolate by Campbell (2024). "Latn", } m["sai-gua"] = { "Guachí", 5613172, "sai-guc", "Latn", } m["sai-gue"] = { "Güenoa", 5626799, "sai-crn", "Latn", } m["sai-hau"] = { "Haush", 3128376, "sai-cho", "Latn", } m["sai-jee-pro"] = { "Proto-Jê", 116773212, "sai-jee", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-jko"] = { "Jeikó", 6176527, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["sai-jrj"] = { "Jirajara", 6202966, "sai-jir", "Latn", } m["sai-kat"] = { -- contrast xoo, kzw, sai-xoc "Katembri", 6375925, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; "Kaufman (1990) has linked it with the nearly extinct Taruma, although this has not been accepted by other scholars." [Wikipedia] "Latn", } m["sai-mal"] = { "Malalí", 6741212, "sai-mje", -- considered the most divergent Maxakalían language (a subdivision of Macro-Jê), for which we have no entry "Latn", } m["sai-mar"] = { "Maratino", 6755055, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly Uto-Aztecan "Latn", } m["sai-mat"] = { "Matanawi", 6786047, "qfa-unc", -- extinct; either an isolate or distantly related to the Muran languages; Campbell (2024) lists it as an isolate, Glottolog gives it as unclassified "Latn", } m["sai-mcn"] = { "Mocana", 3402048, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; given as part of the Malibu languages (geographic grouping; not a clade) "Latn", } m["sai-men"] = { "Menien", 16890110, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["sai-mil"] = { "Millcayac", 19573012, "sai-hrp", "Latn", } m["sai-mlb"] = { "Malibu", 134374036, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; given as part of the Malibu languages (geographic grouping; not a clade) "Latn", } m["sai-msk"] = { "Masakará", 6782426, "sai-mje", "Latn", } m["sai-muc"] = { "Mucuchí", 6931290, nil, -- generally considered Timotean, for which we have no entry "Latn", } m["sai-mue"] = { "Muellama", 16886936, "sai-bar", "Latn", } m["sai-muz"] = { "Muzo", 6644203, "qfa-unc", -- extinct language of Colombia, poorly attested; may be Pijao (Cariban) "Latn", } m["sai-mys"] = { "Maynas", 16919393, "sai-cah", -- per Campbell (2024); formerly considered unclassified "Latn", } m["sai-nat"] = { "Natú", 9006749, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; "only Greenberg dares to classify [it]".[Wikipedia, quoting Moseley, Christopher; Asher, R. E.; Tait, Mary (1994), Atlas of the world's languages] "Latn", } m["sai-nje-pro"] = { "Proto-Northern Jê", 116773245, "sai-nje", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-opo"] = { "Opón", 7099152, "sai-car", "Latn", } m["sai-oto"] = { "Otomaco", 16879234, "sai-otm", "Latn", } m["sai-pal"] = { "Palta", 3042978, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, unclassified; possibly Chicham "Latn", } m["sai-pam"] = { "Pamigua", 5908689, "sai-otm", "Latn", } m["sai-par"] = { "Paratió", 16890038, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly Xukuruan "Latn", } m["sai-peb"] = { "Peba", 3373890, "sai-pey", "Latn", } m["sai-pnz"] = { "Panzaleo", 3123275, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, unclassified; possibly Paezan "Latn", } m["sai-prh"] = { "Puruhá", 3410994, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly in a famil with Cañari "Latn", } m["sai-ptg"] = { "Patagón", 128807870, "sai-tar", -- extinct, only known from 4 words, which suggest Cariban lineage (Campbell 2024) "Latn", } m["sai-pur"] = { "Purukotó", 7261622, "sai-pem", "Latn", } m["sai-pyg"] = { "Payaguá", 7156643, "sai-guc", "Latn", } m["sai-pyk"] = { "Pykobjê", 98113977, "sai-nje", "Latn", } m["sai-qmb"] = { "Quimbaya", 7272043, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, might not exist; few known words "Latn", } m["sai-qtm"] = { "Quitemo", 7272651, "sai-cpc", "Latn", } m["sai-rab"] = { "Rabona", 6644203, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested, mostly plant names; possibly Candoshi-Shapra "Latn", } m["sai-ram"] = { "Ramanos", 16902824, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested, possibly an isolate; per Glottolog: "the minuscule wordlist ... shows no convincing resemblances to surrounding languages" "Latn", } m["sai-sac"] = { "Sácata", 5390321, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, only 3 words known; possibly Candoshí or Arawakan "Latn", } m["sai-san"] = { "Sanaviron", 16895999, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, unclassified; no consensus on classification "Latn", } m["sai-sap"] = { "Sapará", 7420922, "sai-car", "Latn", } m["sai-sec"] = { "Sechura", 7442912, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; possibly Catacaoan "Latn", } m["sai-sin"] = { "Sinúfana", 7525275, "qfa-unc", -- moribund, poorly attested; possibly Chocoan "Latn", } m["sai-sje-pro"] = { "Proto-Southern Jê", 116773814, "sai-sje", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-tab"] = { "Tabancale", 5390321, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, only 5 words known; no obvious connections, might be an isolate "Latn", } m["sai-tal"] = { "Tallán", 16910468, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, poorly attested; might be Catacaoan "Latn", } m["sai-tap"] = { "Tapayuna", 30719984, "sai-nje", "Latn", } m["sai-tar-pro"] = { "Proto-Taranoan", 116773816, "sai-tar", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-teu"] = { "Teushen", 3519243, "qfa-unc", -- probably extinct by the 1950's; possibly Chonan "Latn", } m["sai-tim"] = { "Timote", 7806995, nil, -- possibly in a small Timotean family "Latn", } m["sai-tpr"] = { "Taparita", 7684460, "sai-otm", "Latn", } m["sai-trr"] = { "Tarairiú", 7685313, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, too poorly attested to classify "Latn", } m["sai-wai"] = { "Waitaká", 16918610, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, possibly Purian "Latn", } m["sai-way"] = { "Wayumara", 7960726, "sai-car", "Latn", } m["sai-wit-pro"] = { "Proto-Witotoan", 116773823, "sai-wit", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sai-wnm"] = { "Wanham", 16879440, "sai-cpc", "Latn", } m["sai-xoc"] = { -- contrast xoo, kzw, sai-kat "Xocó", 12953620, "qfa-unc", -- extinct and poorly attested; not clear if one or three languages "Latn", } m["sai-yao"] = { "Yao (South America)", 16979655, "sai-ven", "Latn", } m["sai-yar"] = { -- not the same family as 'suy' "Yarumá", 3505859, "sai-pek", "Latn", } m["sai-yri"] = { "Yuri", 2669157, "sai-tyu", "Latn", } m["sai-yup"] = { "Yupua", 8061430, "sai-tuc", "Latn", } m["sai-yur"] = { "Yurumanguí", 1281291, "qfa-unc", -- extinct, too poorly attested to classify "Latn", } m["sal-pro"] = { "Proto-Salish", 116773269, "sal", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-daj-pro"] = { "Proto-Daju", 116773739, "sdv-daj", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-eje-pro"] = { "Proto-Eastern Jebel", 116773751, "sdv-eje", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-nil-pro"] = { "Proto-Nilotic", 116773794, "sdv-nil", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-nyi-pro"] = { "Proto-Nyima", 116773796, "sdv-nyi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sdv-tmn-pro"] = { "Proto-Taman", 116773815, "sdv-tmn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sel-nor"] = { "Northern Selkup", 30304565, "sel", "Cyrl", translit = "sel-nor-translit", } m["sel-pro"] = { "Proto-Selkup", 128884235, "sel", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sel-sou"] = { "Southern Selkup", 30304639, "sel", "Cyrl", translit = "sel-sou-translit", } m["sem-amm"] = { "Ammonite", 279181, "sem-can", "Phnx", -- Phnx translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["sem-amo"] = { "Amorite", 35941, "sem-nwe", "Xsux, Latn", } m["sem-cha"] = { "Chaha", 35543, "sem-eth", "Ethi", translit = "Ethi-translit", } m["sem-dad"] = { "Dadanitic", 21838040, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["sem-dum"] = { "Dumaitic", 128810397, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["sem-has"] = { "Hasaitic", 3541433, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["sem-his"] = { "Hismaic", 22948260, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["sem-mhr"] = { "Muher", 33743, "sem-eth", "Latn", } m["sem-pro"] = { "Proto-Semitic", 1658554, "sem", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sem-saf"] = { "Safaitic", 472586, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["sem-sam"] = { "Samalian", 85847147, "sem-nwe", "Phnx", -- Phnx translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["sem-srb"] = { "Old South Arabian", 35025, "sem-osa", "Sarb", -- Sarb translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["sem-tay"] = { "Taymanitic", 24912301, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["sem-tha"] = { "Thamudic", 843030, "sem-cen", "Narb", -- Narb translit in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["sem-wes-pro"] = { "Proto-West Semitic", 98021726, "sem-wes", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sio-pro"] = { -- NB this is not Proto-Siouan-Catawban 'nai-sca-pro' "Proto-Siouan", 34181, "sio", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-aao-pro"] = { "Proto-Central Naga", nil, "sit-aao", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-bai-pro"] = { "Proto-Bai", nil, "sit-bai", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-ban"] = { "Bangru", 56071779, "sit-hrs", "Latn", } m["sit-bdi-pro"] = { "Proto-Bodish", nil, "sit-bdi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-bok"] = { "Bokar", 4938727, "sit-tan", "Latn, Tibt", override_translit = true, -- Tibt translit, display_text, strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["sit-cai"] = { "Caijia", 5017528, "sit-cln", "Latn" } m["sit-cha"] = { "Chairel", 5068066, "sit-luu", "Latn", } m["sit-ers-pro"] = { "Proto-Ersuic", nil, "sit-ers", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-hrs-pro"] = { "Proto-Hrusish", 116773762, "sit-hrs", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-jap"] = { "Japhug", 3162245, "sit-egy", "Latn", } m["sit-kha-pro"] = { "Proto-Kham", 116773773, "sit-kha", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-khb-pro"] = { "Proto-Kho-Bwa", nil, "sit-khb", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-khp-pro"] = { "Proto-Puroik", nil, "sit-khb", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-khw-pro"] = { "Proto-Western Kho-Bwa", nil, "sit-khw", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-kon-pro"] = { "Proto-Northern Naga", nil, "sit-kon", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-liz"] = { "Lizu", 6660653, "sit-ers", "Latn", -- and Ersu Shaba } m["sit-lnj"] = { "Longjia", 17096251, "sit-cln", "Latn" } m["sit-lrn"] = { "Luren", 16946370, "sit-cln", "Latn" } m["sit-luu-pro"] = { "Proto-Luish", 116773783, "sit-luu", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-nas-pro"] = { "Proto-Naish", nil, "sit-nas", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-prn"] = { "Puiron", 7259048, "sit-zem", } m["sit-pro"] = { "Proto-Sino-Tibetan", 24839178, "sit", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-sit"] = { "Situ", 19840830, "sit-egy", "Latn", } m["sit-tam-pro"] = { "Proto-Tamangic", 117469295, "sit-tam", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-tan-pro"] = { "Proto-Tani", 116773284, "sit-tan", "Latn", -- needs verification type = "reconstructed", } m["sit-tgm"] = { "Tangam", 17041370, "sit-tan", "Latn", } m["sit-tng-pro"] = { "Proto-Tangkhulic", nil, "sit-tng", "Latn", type = "reconstructed" } m["sit-tos"] = { "Tosu", 7827899, "sit-ers", "Latn", -- also Ersu Shaba } m["sit-tsh"] = { "Tshobdun", 19840950, "sit-egy", "Latn", } m["sit-zbu"] = { "Zbu", 19841106, "sit-egy", "Latn", } m["sla-pro"] = { "Proto-Slavic", 747537, "sla", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", strip_diacritics = { remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.tilde .. c.macron .. c.dgrave .. c.invbreve, remove_exceptions = {'ś'}, }, sort_key = { from = {"č", "ď", "ě", "ę", "ь", "ľ", "ň", "ǫ", "ř", "š", "ś", "ť", "ъ", "ž"}, to = {"c²", "d²", "e²", "e³", "i²", "l²", "nj", "o²", "r²", "s²", "s³", "t²", "u²", "z²"}, } } m["smi-pro"] = { "Proto-Samic", 7251862, "smi", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = { from = {"ā", "č", "δ", "[ëē]", "ŋ", "ń", "ō", "š", "θ", "%([^()]+%)"}, to = {"a", "c²", "d", "e", "n²", "n³", "o", "s²", "t²"} }, } m["son-pro"] = { "Proto-Songhay", 116773277, "son", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["sqj-pro"] = { "Proto-Albanian", 18210846, "sqj", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ssa-klk-pro"] = { "Proto-Kuliak", 116773779, "ssa-klk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ssa-kom-pro"] = { "Proto-Koman", 116773775, "ssa-kom", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["ssa-pro"] = { "Proto-Nilo-Saharan", 116773236, "ssa", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["syd-pro"] = { "Proto-Samoyedic", 7251863, "syd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tai-pro"] = { "Proto-Tai", 6583709, "tai", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tai-swe-pro"] = { "Proto-Southwestern Tai", 116773280, "tai-swe", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-bdg-pro"] = { "Proto-Bodo-Garo", 116773195, "tbq-bdg", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-blg"] = { "Bailang", 2879843, "tbq-lob", "Hani", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["tbq-brm-pro"] = { "Proto-Burmish", nil, "tbq-brm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-gkh"] = { "Gokhy", 5578069, "tbq-sil", "Latn", } m["tbq-kuk-pro"] = { "Proto-Kuki-Chin", 116773220, "tbq-kuk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-lal-pro"] = { "Proto-Lalo", 116773781, "tbq-lal", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-laz"] = { "Laze", 17007626, "sit-nas", "Latn", } m["tbq-lob-pro"] = { "Proto-Lolo-Burmese", 116773224, "tbq-lob", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-lol-pro"] = { "Proto-Loloish", 7251855, "tbq-lol", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tbq-mil"] = { "Milang", 6850761, "sit-gsi", "Deva, Latn", } m["tbq-mor"] = { "Moran", 6909216, "tbq-bdg", "Latn", } m["tbq-ngo"] = { "Ngochang", 56582, "tbq-brm", "Latn", } -- tbq-pro is now etymology-only m["trk-dkh"] = { "Dukhan", 12809273, "trk-ssb", "Latn, Cyrl, Mong", -- Mong translit, display_text and strip_diacritics in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } -- As described in Mahmud al-Kashgari's 11th century ''Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk''. m["trk-eog"] = { "Early Old Oghuz", nil, "trk-ogz", "ota-Arab", strip_diacritics = {["ota-Arab"] = "ar-stripdiacritics"}, } m["trk-oat"] = { "Old Anatolian Turkish", 7083390, "trk-ogz", "ota-Arab", strip_diacritics = {["ota-Arab"] = "ar-stripdiacritics"}, ancestors = "trk-eog", } m["trk-pro"] = { "Proto-Turkic", 3657773, "trk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", standard_chars = { Latn = " ()-abdegiklmnoprstuxyzïöüāčēīĺŋōŕšūǖȫẹ" .. c.macron, } } m["tup-gua-pro"] = { "Proto-Tupi-Guarani", 116773288, "tup-gua", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tup-kab"] = { "Kabishiana", 15302988, "tup", "Latn", } m["tup-pro"] = { "Proto-Tupian", 10354700, "tup", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tuw-alk"] = { "Alchuka", 113553616, "tuw-jrc", "Latn, Hans", sort_key = {Hans = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["tuw-bal"] = { "Bala", 86730632, "tuw-jrc", "Latn, Hans", sort_key = {Hans = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["tuw-kkl"] = { "Kyakala", 118875708, "tuw-jrc", "Latn, Hans", sort_key = {Hans = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["tuw-kli"] = { "Kili", 6406892, "tuw-ewe", "Cyrl", } m["tuw-pro"] = { "Proto-Tungusic", 85872335, "tuw", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["tuw-sol"] = { "Solon", 30004, "tuw-ewe", } m["urj-fin-pro"] = { "Proto-Finnic", 11883720, "urj-fin", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["urj-koo"] = { "Old Komi", 86679962, "kv", "Perm, Cyrs", translit = "urj-koo-translit", -- Cyrs strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]]; previously, Cyrs strip_diacritics not present } m["urj-kuk"] = { "Kukkuzi", 107410460, "urj-fin", "Latn", ancestors = "vot", } m["urj-kya"] = { "Komi-Yazva", 2365210, "kv", "Cyrl", translit = "kv-translit", override_translit = true, strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.acute}, } m["urj-mdv-pro"] = { "Proto-Mordvinic", 116773232, "urj-mdv", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["urj-prm-pro"] = { "Proto-Permic", 116773257, "urj-prm", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["urj-pro"] = { "Proto-Uralic", 288765, "urj", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["urj-ugr-pro"] = { "Proto-Ugric", 156631, "urj-ugr", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xnd-pro"] = { "Proto-Na-Dene", 116773233, "xnd", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["xgn-pro"] = { "Proto-Mongolic", 2493677, "xgn", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", sort_key = { from = {"č", "i", "ï", "ǰ", "ŋ", "ö", "š", "ü"}, to = {"c", "i" .. p[1], "i", "j", "n" .. p[1], "o" .. p[1], "s" .. p[1], "u" .. p[1]}, }, } m["yok-bvy"] = { "Buena Vista Yokuts", 4985474, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-dly"] = { "Delta Yokuts", 70923266, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-gsy"] = { "Gashowu Yokuts", 3098708, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-kry"] = { "Kings River Yokuts", 6413014, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-nvy"] = { "Northern Valley Yokuts", 85789777, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-ply"] = { "Palewyami Yokuts", 2387391, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-svy"] = { "Southern Valley Yokuts", 12642473, "yok", "Latn", } m["yok-tky"] = { "Tule-Kaweah Yokuts", 7851988, "yok", "Latn", } m["ypk-pro"] = { "Proto-Yupik", 116773295, "ypk", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["yrk-for"] = { "Forest Nenets", 1295107, "yrk", "Cyrl", translit = "yrk-for-translit", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.grave .. c.acute .. c.macron .. c.breve .. c.dotabove}, } m["yrk-tun"] = { "Tundra Nenets", 36452, "yrk", "Cyrl", strip_diacritics = { from = {"ӑ", "а̄", "э̇", "ӣ", "ы̄", "ӯ", "ю̄", "я̆", "я̄"}, to = {"а", "а", "э", "и", "ы", "у", "ю", "я", "я"}, }, translit = "yrk-tun-translit", } m["zhx-min-pro"] = { "Proto-Min", 19646347, "zhx-min", "Latn", type = "reconstructed", } m["zhx-sht"] = { "Shaozhou Tuhua", 1920769, "zhx", "Nshu, Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", sort_key = {Hani = "Hani-sortkey"}, } m["zhx-sic"] = { "Sichuanese", 2278732, "zhx-man", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", translit = "zh-translit", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["zhx-tai"] = { "Taishanese", 2208940, "zhx-yue", "Hants", generate_forms = "zh-generateforms", translit = "zh-translit", sort_key = "Hani-sortkey", } m["zle-ono"] = { "Old Novgorodian", 162013, "zle", "Cyrs, Glag", translit = {Cyrs = "Cyrs-translit", Glag = "Glag-translit"}, -- Cyrs strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["zle-ort"] = { "Old Ruthenian", 13211, "zle", "Arab, Cyrs, Latn", ancestors = "orv", translit = { Cyrs = "zle-ort-translit", Arab = "zle-ort-Arab-translit", }, strip_diacritics = { Cyrs = { remove_diacritics = m_langdata.chars_substitutions["Cyrs_remove_diacritics"], remove_exceptions = {"Ї", "ї"}, }, Arab = "ar-stripdiacritics", }, -- Cyrs sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["zls-chs"] = { "Church Slavonic", 33251, "zls", "Cyrs, Glag, Latn", ancestors = "cu", translit = { Cyrs = "Cyrs-translit", Glag = "Glag-translit" }, -- Cyrs strip_diacritics, sort_key in [[Module:Wt/mnc/scripts/data]] } m["zlw-ocs"] = { "Old Czech", 593096, "zlw", "Latn", } m["zlw-opl"] = { "Old Polish", 149838, "zlw-lch", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.ringabove}, } m["zlw-osk"] = { "Old Slovak", 12776676, "zlw", "Latn", } m["zlw-slv"] = { "Slovincian", 36822, "zlw-pom", "Latn", strip_diacritics = {remove_diacritics = c.macron .. c.breve}, } return require("Module:Wt/mnc/languages").finalizeData(m, "language") fgrbnhm4f0rong5pgdqnskhncawi94m 0 3786325 7240731 2026-07-06T08:00:57Z ~2026-38347-97 2692326 Created page with "[[File:Family Guy television set.jpg|thumb]] '''Family Guy'''. Seth MacFarlane. 20th Century Fox. 1999. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5930}}" 7240731 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Family Guy television set.jpg|thumb]] '''Family Guy'''. Seth MacFarlane. 20th Century Fox. 1999. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5930}} 6szkl1pkhti6pwnhysn4mxu73d4an01 14 3786326 7240752 2026-07-06T08:26:17Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "." 7240752 wikitext text/x-wiki . 6t9fg2gmch401ldtk8m7pyzz632ixbb 14 3786327 7240754 2026-07-06T08:26:36Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 Created page with "{{Wy/ar/CategoryTOC}}" 7240754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/CategoryTOC}} s5twq0568ypvncn5tnszb9trb4l8kz8 0 3786328 7240755 2026-07-06T08:29:01Z Jibo Paul Aten-wunu 2650836 Created page with "{{Wp/juk/Databox|item=Q657221}} ""Àgbú"" chí rì zèn'ū būjū wàá pàjúkùn nā rī jī bā ànyúnùzōyā. Kí gòzūn, àgbú chí zèn wàá pàjúkùn nā rī tsò nwù'á bē mbà kū kí byē yō'á bē nā rī gbàgbú (jī būjū wà nyúnùzōtā). {{INTERWIKI|Q657221}} [[Category:Wp/juk]]" 7240755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/juk/Databox|item=Q657221}} ""Àgbú"" chí rì zèn'ū būjū wàá pàjúkùn nā rī jī bā ànyúnùzōyā. Kí gòzūn, àgbú chí zèn wàá pàjúkùn nā rī tsò nwù'á bē mbà kū kí byē yō'á bē nā rī gbàgbú (jī būjū wà nyúnùzōtā). {{INTERWIKI|Q657221}} [[Category:Wp/juk]] cwniik2d5855dmddnk7csalcw6n1fix 7240756 7240755 2026-07-06T08:30:04Z Jibo Paul Aten-wunu 2650836 7240756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/juk/Databox|item=Q657221}} ""Àgbú"" chí rì zèn'ū būjū wàá pàjúkùn nā rī jī bā ànyúnùzōyā. Kí gòzūn, àgbú chí zèn wàá pàjúkùn nā rī tsò nwù'á bē mbà kū kí byē yō'á bē nā rī gbàgbú (jī būjū wà nyúnùzōtā). [[Category:Wp/juk]] {{INTERWIKI|Q657221}} j3ey2j3zh1skoxzmaipnwjhovgu8sty 1 3786329 7240757 2026-07-06T08:32:01Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 /* error auto cat */ new section 7240757 wikitext text/x-wiki == error auto cat == I would like to know if the {{auto cat}} works in test wikis. I get an error every time I call {{auto cat}}. [[User:YaThaWinTha|YaThaWinTha]] ([[User talk:YaThaWinTha|talk]]) 08:32, 6 July 2026 (UTC) f491mbnvymg9982agbv98pdhwi5dkkv 0 3786330 7240759 2026-07-06T08:45:42Z Sree1959 2594881 விக்கிப்பயணம்:இதை எங்கு சேர்க்கலாம்? என்ற தாள் உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7240759 wikitext text/x-wiki __TOC__ {{Wy/ta/Shortcut|[[Wy/ta/விப:விபஇஎசே|விப:விபஇஎசே]]|[[Wy/ta/விப:சேர்|விப:சேர்]]|}} '''விக்கிப்பயண''' த்தின் [[விக்கிப்பயணம்:புவியியல் படிநிலை|புவியியல் படிநிலை]] மற்றும் [[விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை வடிவமைப்பு வார்ப்புருக்கள்|கட்டுரை வடிவமைப்பு வார்ப்புருக்கள்]] ஆகியவை, நாம் எத்தகைய கட்டுரைகளை உருவாக்குகிறோம், அவற்றை எவ்வாறு ஒன்றோடொன்று இணைப்பது, அத்தகைய கட்டுரைகளில் என்னென்ன பகுதிகள் இருக்க வேண்டும் மற்றும் அப்பகுதிகளில் என்னென்ன தகவல்கள் இடம்பெற வேண்டும் என்பது குறித்த விரிவான வழிகாட்டுதல்களை வழங்குகின்றன. சுருக்கமாகச் சொன்னால், நீங்கள் எந்த வகையான கட்டுரையிலோ அல்லது கட்டுரையின் எந்தப் பகுதியிலோ பணியாற்றுகிறீர்கள் என்பது உங்களுக்குத் தெரிந்தால், அதில் என்னென்ன தகவல்கள் இடம்பெற வேண்டும் என்பதையும் நீங்கள் எளிதாகப் புரிந்துகொள்ள முடியும். gzlikev5hvcjcjrb57exgdkq4t1ydk5 0 3786331 7240761 2026-07-06T08:54:36Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Created page with "== ဝိသျှင်နရီ မူဝါဒတိ နန့် လမ်းညွှန်ချက်တိ == ဝိသျှင်နရီ ဆိုစွာ ပူးပေါင်းဆောင်ရွက်ရေ ပရောဂျက်တခုဖြစ်ပြီးကေ ၎င်းဧ့တည်ထောင်သူတိနန့် ပံ့ပိုးကူညီသူတိမာ ဘုံရည်မှန်းချက်တိ ဟိက..." 7240761 wikitext text/x-wiki == ဝိသျှင်နရီ မူဝါဒတိ နန့် လမ်းညွှန်ချက်တိ == ဝိသျှင်နရီ ဆိုစွာ ပူးပေါင်းဆောင်ရွက်ရေ ပရောဂျက်တခုဖြစ်ပြီးကေ ၎င်းဧ့တည်ထောင်သူတိနန့် ပံ့ပိုးကူညီသူတိမာ ဘုံရည်မှန်းချက်တိ ဟိကတ်ပါရေ။ ဝီကီးပီးဒီးယားဧ့ မူဝါဒနန့် လမ်းညွှန်ချက်တိစွာ ယင့်ဘုံရည်မှန်းချက်တိပါးကို ရောက်ဟိဖို့အတွက် ကျွန်ုပ်ရို့အား ကူညီပီးပါရေ။ ဒေမူဝါဒတိစွာ အချိန်နန့်အမျှ ပြောင်းလဲနီပြီး ၎င်းရို့ဧ့ ဆင့်ကဲဖြစ်စဉ်ကို ထိန်းသိမ်းဖို့ ကြိုးစားအားထုတ်မှု လိုအပ်ပါရေ။ === အဓိကမူဝါဒတိ === သင်ပါဝင်ရီးသားခြင်းမပြုခင် အောက်ပါမူတိကို သတိရသင့်ရေ - * '''ဝိသျှင်နရီ စွာ အဘိဓာန်၊ ဝေါဟာရစာရင်း နန့် စကားစုစာအုပ် တခုဖြစ်ရေ'''။ ဝိသျှင်နရီ စွာ ဘာသာစကားတိုင်းက စကားလုံးတိုင်းကို လွှမ်းခြုံဖို့ ရည်ရွယ်ရေ။ ဒေ ဝိသျှင်နရီ စွာ ရခိုင် ဘာသာစကား ဝိသျှင်နရီ ဖြစ်ရေ။ * '''မူပိုင်ခွင့်တိကို လေးစားပါ'''။ ဝိသျှင်နရီ စွာ GNU Free Documentation License နန့် Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ရို့ဧ့ စည်းကမ်းချက်တိအောက်မာ လိုင်စင်ရထားရေ အခမဲ့အဘိဓာန်တခု ဖြစ်ရေ။ * '''ဘက်လိုက်မှုကို ရှောင်ကြဉ်ပါ'''။ မှတ်တမ်းတိကို ဘက်မလိုက်ရေ ရှုထောင့်က ရီးသားရဖို့ဖြစ်ပြီးကေ၊ အသုံးပြုမှုအားလုံးကို တရားမျှတစွာနန့် စာနာနားလည်စွာ ကိုယ်စားပြုသင့်ရေ။ * '''အခြားပံ့ပိုးသူတိကို လေးစားပါ'''။ ထိရောက်စွာ ပူးပေါင်းဆောင်ရွက်ဖို့အတွက် အခြားသူတိကို လေးစားစွာ ဆက်ဆံခြင်းစွာ အဓိကဖြစ်ရေ။ === မူဝါဒတိကို ဇာပိုင်ဆုံးဖြတ်ကတ်လဲ === ဝီကီးပီးဒီးယားမူဝါဒကို အများစုအားဖြင့် '''ဘုံသဘောတူညီချက်''' ဖြင့် ရီးဆွဲရေ။ * ဗွီလာဦး အကြံဉာဏ်တိကို '''ဆွီးနွီးဝိုင်း''' မာ ဆွီးနွီးနိုင်ပါရေ။ * အငြင်းပွားဖွယ်ရာ ပြဿနာတိအတွက် မဲပီးမှုပြုလုပ်ပြီးကေ အများစုဧ့ ထောက်ခံမှုရဟိမှရာ မူဝါဒဖြစ်လာပါရေ။ * ချမှတ်ထားရေ အလေ့အကျင့်တိအတွက် ဘာသာစကားတခုဧ့ "အကြောင်းအရာ" စာမျက်နှာမာ မှတ်တမ်းတင်ခြင်းစွာ အကောင်းဆုံးဖြစ်ရေ။ === မူဝါဒတိကို ဇာပိုင်အကောင်အထည်ဖော်လဲ။ === ဝိသျှင်နရီ မာ ဗဟိုချုပ်ကိုင်ထားရေ အယ်ဒီတာချုပ် မဟိပါ။ ပါဝင်သူတိအားလုံးစွာ စာရီးဆရာတိနန့် အယ်ဒီတာတိ ဖြစ်ကတ်ပါရေ။ * ဖျက်ဆီးမှုတိ (Vandalism) နန့် အခြားပြဿနာတိကို ကိုင်တွယ်ဖို့ '''အုပ်ချုပ်ရီးမှူး (Administrators)''' တိ ဟိရေ။ * ပံ့ပိုးကူညီမှု မှတ်တမ်းကောင်းဟိသူ ဇာသူမဆို အုပ်ချုပ်ရီးမှူးအဆင့်အတန်းအတွက် လျှောက်ထားနိုင်ပါရေ။ [[Category:Wt/rki]] tutov6gf77cbg0tqlgrhcuusyt7dxgn 0 3786332 7240762 2026-07-06T08:57:23Z YaThaWinTha 2581557 Created page with "== ဝိသျှင်နရီ မူဝါဒတိ နန့် လမ်းညွှန်ချက်တိ == ဝိသျှင်နရီ ဆိုစွာ ပူးပေါင်းဆောင်ရွက်ရေ ပရောဂျက်တခုဖြစ်ပြီးကေ ၎င်းဧ့တည်ထောင်သူတိနန့် ပံ့ပိုးကူညီသူတိမာ ဘုံရည်မှန်းချက်တိ ဟိက..." 7240762 wikitext text/x-wiki == ဝိသျှင်နရီ မူဝါဒတိ နန့် လမ်းညွှန်ချက်တိ == ဝိသျှင်နရီ ဆိုစွာ ပူးပေါင်းဆောင်ရွက်ရေ ပရောဂျက်တခုဖြစ်ပြီးကေ ၎င်းဧ့တည်ထောင်သူတိနန့် ပံ့ပိုးကူညီသူတိမာ ဘုံရည်မှန်းချက်တိ ဟိကတ်ပါရေ။ ဝီကီးပီးဒီးယားဧ့ မူဝါဒနန့် လမ်းညွှန်ချက်တိစွာ ယင့်ဘုံရည်မှန်းချက်တိပါးကို ရောက်ဟိဖို့အတွက် ကျွန်ုပ်ရို့အား ကူညီပီးပါရေ။ ဒေမူဝါဒတိစွာ အချိန်နန့်အမျှ ပြောင်းလဲနီပြီး ၎င်းရို့ဧ့ ဆင့်ကဲဖြစ်စဉ်ကို ထိန်းသိမ်းဖို့ ကြိုးစားအားထုတ်မှု လိုအပ်ပါရေ။ === အဓိကမူဝါဒတိ === သင်ပါဝင်ရီးသားခြင်းမပြုခင် အောက်ပါမူတိကို သတိရသင့်ရေ - * '''ဝိသျှင်နရီ စွာ အဘိဓာန်၊ ဝေါဟာရစာရင်း နန့် စကားစုစာအုပ် တခုဖြစ်ရေ'''။ ဝိသျှင်နရီ စွာ ဘာသာစကားတိုင်းက စကားလုံးတိုင်းကို လွှမ်းခြုံဖို့ ရည်ရွယ်ရေ။ ဒေ ဝိသျှင်နရီ စွာ ရခိုင် ဘာသာစကား ဝိသျှင်နရီ ဖြစ်ရေ။ * '''မူပိုင်ခွင့်တိကို လေးစားပါ'''။ ဝိသျှင်နရီ စွာ GNU Free Documentation License နန့် Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ရို့ဧ့ စည်းကမ်းချက်တိအောက်မာ လိုင်စင်ရထားရေ အခမဲ့အဘိဓာန်တခု ဖြစ်ရေ။ * '''ဘက်လိုက်မှုကို ရှောင်ကြဉ်ပါ'''။ မှတ်တမ်းတိကို ဘက်မလိုက်ရေ ရှုထောင့်က ရီးသားရဖို့ဖြစ်ပြီးကေ၊ အသုံးပြုမှုအားလုံးကို တရားမျှတစွာနန့် စာနာနားလည်စွာ ကိုယ်စားပြုသင့်ရေ။ * '''အခြားပံ့ပိုးသူတိကို လေးစားပါ'''။ ထိရောက်စွာ ပူးပေါင်းဆောင်ရွက်ဖို့အတွက် အခြားသူတိကို လေးစားစွာ ဆက်ဆံခြင်းစွာ အဓိကဖြစ်ရေ။ === မူဝါဒတိကို ဇာပိုင်ဆုံးဖြတ်ကတ်လဲ === ဝီကီးပီးဒီးယားမူဝါဒကို အများစုအားဖြင့် '''ဘုံသဘောတူညီချက်''' ဖြင့် ရီးဆွဲရေ။ * ဗွီလာဦး အကြံဉာဏ်တိကို '''ဆွီးနွီးဝိုင်း''' မာ ဆွီးနွီးနိုင်ပါရေ။ * အငြင်းပွားဖွယ်ရာ ပြဿနာတိအတွက် မဲပီးမှုပြုလုပ်ပြီးကေ အများစုဧ့ ထောက်ခံမှုရဟိမှရာ မူဝါဒဖြစ်လာပါရေ။ * ချမှတ်ထားရေ အလေ့အကျင့်တိအတွက် ဘာသာစကားတခုဧ့ "အကြောင်းအရာ" စာမျက်နှာမာ မှတ်တမ်းတင်ခြင်းစွာ အကောင်းဆုံးဖြစ်ရေ။ === မူဝါဒတိကို ဇာပိုင်အကောင်အထည်ဖော်လဲ။ === ဝိသျှင်နရီ မာ ဗဟိုချုပ်ကိုင်ထားရေ အယ်ဒီတာချုပ် မဟိပါ။ ပါဝင်သူတိအားလုံးစွာ စာရီးဆရာတိနန့် အယ်ဒီတာတိ ဖြစ်ကတ်ပါရေ။ * ဖျက်ဆီးမှုတိ (Vandalism) နန့် အခြားပြဿနာတိကို ကိုင်တွယ်ဖို့ '''အုပ်ချုပ်ရီးမှူး (Administrators)''' တိ ဟိရေ။ * ပံ့ပိုးကူညီမှု မှတ်တမ်းကောင်းဟိသူ ဇာသူမဆို အုပ်ချုပ်ရီးမှူးအဆင့်အတန်းအတွက် လျှောက်ထားနိုင်ပါရေ။ [[Category:Wt/rki]] tutov6gf77cbg0tqlgrhcuusyt7dxgn 0 3786333 7240771 2026-07-06T09:17:33Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=教导}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/tacihiyan|tacihiyan]]" 7240771 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=教导}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/tacihiyan|tacihiyan]] mc8h8frmn9dkjm1adjdz8yptxhej968 0 3786334 7240772 2026-07-06T09:17:42Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=法律}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/fafun|fafun]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]]" 7240772 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=法律}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/fafun|fafun]] [[Category:Wt/mnc]] h8y3xeb4iqj3sz22v19flbeob6tn4em 0 3786335 7240773 2026-07-06T09:17:49Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=房间}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/tanggin|tanggin]]" 7240773 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=房间}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/tanggin|tanggin]] ihzrjer7bp5oeut3a2jioycm574auea 7240856 7240773 2026-07-06T10:24:24Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 /* {{Wt/mnc/-zh-}} */ 7240856 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=房间}} {{Wt/mnc/zh-pron |m=fángjiān |dg=фон1җян3 |c=fong4 gaan1 |h=pfs=fòng-kiên;hrs=h:fong gienˋ |md=bùng-găng |mn=xm,tw,pn,ph,md,sg:pâng-keng/qz,jj:pâng-kuiⁿ/zz:pâng-kan/ly:pâng-kiⁿ |mn-t=bang5 goin1/bang5 gain1/pang5 gêng1 |mn-t_note=bang5 goin1 - Chaozhou; bang5 gain1 - Jieyang; pang5 gêng1 - Singapore, from Hokkien |px=pt:bang2 ge1/xy:bang2 ginn1 |w=sh:6vaon ke |ma=y |cat=n }} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/tanggin|tanggin]] fdjktf09pn7kdmhatg213s5pb8eiccb 0 3786336 7240774 2026-07-06T09:17:52Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240774 wikitext text/x-wiki Lilian Ruteraho [[Category:Wp/nyn]] pa8l497pky4phszwtwqxbs3o6v83620 7240781 7240774 2026-07-06T09:24:11Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240781 wikitext text/x-wiki Lilian Ruteraho Lilian Ruteraho (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) [[Category:Wp/nyn]] jlcoue0wprwyep30p1741mzf2c0sdnj 7240785 7240781 2026-07-06T09:38:11Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240785 wikitext text/x-wiki Lilian Ruteraho Lilian Ruteraho (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 6cxt0d78s2bbf3qyam0yufazkcegq3h 7240786 7240785 2026-07-06T09:38:58Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240786 wikitext text/x-wiki Lilian Ruteraho Lilian Ruteraho (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner [[Category:Wp/nyn]] qjrl9w09zjfwjv3pzhmgr7tyrdzvo7l 7240787 7240786 2026-07-06T09:39:52Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240787 wikitext text/x-wiki Lilian Ruteraho Lilian Ruteraho (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] ehttqbkbs6imfdl32k9yt8k4v6htmxh 7240788 7240787 2026-07-06T09:41:12Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240788 wikitext text/x-wiki Lilian Ruteraho Lilian Ruteraho (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi [[Category:Wp/nyn]] dh8qosiut9wpjw3y26x6fvtc53xlsot 7240789 7240788 2026-07-06T09:41:47Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240789 wikitext text/x-wiki Lilian Ruteraho Lilian Ruteraho (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro [[Category:Wp/nyn]] df6flrzt6ujyjfdz5b9ofco6g4zozwu 7240790 7240789 2026-07-06T09:42:26Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240790 wikitext text/x-wiki Lilian Ruteraho Lilian Ruteraho (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda [[Category:Wp/nyn]] d0i1om39noe3l687sqyfan37jf6ovux 7240791 7240790 2026-07-06T09:43:05Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240791 wikitext text/x-wiki Lilian Ruteraho Lilian Ruteraho (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 6goqlthb05tj14hprf0umego5e0999k 7240792 7240791 2026-07-06T09:43:39Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240792 wikitext text/x-wiki Lilian Ruteraho Lilian Ruteraho (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 1hyxgn8mfv6b8oe2q28lau01jmki9z5 7240793 7240792 2026-07-06T09:44:16Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240793 wikitext text/x-wiki Lilian Ruteraho Lilian Ruteraho (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] axtflk2heo9at4ddrbelgipg9tsko1z 7240795 7240793 2026-07-06T09:46:30Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240795 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] dekzv3s0rygdyjaqbg7j3y0njnbpxfy 7240798 7240795 2026-07-06T09:48:14Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240798 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 [[Category:Wp/nyn]] s6qqla0axgcpi954e22wgdabeoi6fqc 7240800 7240798 2026-07-06T09:49:41Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240800 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 5zs9bn0yj89pj6unbfdmic3iq3g5mjy 7240801 7240800 2026-07-06T09:50:13Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240801 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] k4mlr8bcl2faqjan8turt86qgts2i5q 7240802 7240801 2026-07-06T09:51:19Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240802 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] smf407bywvccx143tdr0f3z8aquorld 7240804 7240802 2026-07-06T09:52:08Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240804 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School [[Category:Wp/nyn]] og5tftkt14jvbu4wxf7x881z3vs6zz5 7240808 7240804 2026-07-06T09:53:45Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240808 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] e4r85t5ab3gtxxn67jn1jg5v2nuw1ed 7240809 7240808 2026-07-06T09:55:22Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240809 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School [[Category:Wp/nyn]] do8rcbwqwxfxizhglwyve6wxkmvuaj6 7240811 7240809 2026-07-06T09:56:26Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240811 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 7yp626muxy12m1jvw2985a02gvw8sf1 7240819 7240811 2026-07-06T09:57:17Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240819 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] qt5n1tasimo61ng1ojvmtlpn06pspdz 7240829 7240819 2026-07-06T10:07:44Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240829 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 53mm5j8cdz6gdh8s1jagjeekfkvz2lt 7240830 7240829 2026-07-06T10:08:42Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240830 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, [[Category:Wp/nyn]] sjy8uvl9ca2o6y18f1g6b2mnn7dtya2 7240831 7240830 2026-07-06T10:09:31Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240831 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, [[Category:Wp/nyn]] qxbw01pi3hjtbo9p6wdj55iroqug6v3 7240832 7240831 2026-07-06T10:10:14Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240832 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese [[Category:Wp/nyn]] rel45w9r2f40thb88ak44tai8cmjnei 7240833 7240832 2026-07-06T10:10:55Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240833 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] f6crsli981019wqivb919ko3sora4fm 7240837 7240833 2026-07-06T10:13:32Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240837 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, [[Category:Wp/nyn]] f49c8yse1ozi093wdtk5n1e1d95j8kw 7240842 7240837 2026-07-06T10:16:34Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240842 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 4x3p06qs3o20swz2x97ttf5vza5xcd7 7240844 7240842 2026-07-06T10:17:46Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240844 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] hkbbdxcu1yb64rpllx97lmlx063rdir 7240849 7240844 2026-07-06T10:19:40Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240849 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] e76i8x9pk0ifcxmu92lfaf9wizh1vc2 7240853 7240849 2026-07-06T10:23:02Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240853 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa [[Category:Wp/nyn]] czc1gwsk8i9jv4cw2cbjnc3nek7bqo1 7240855 7240853 2026-07-06T10:24:13Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240855 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School [[Category:Wp/nyn]] f3ccmeew5x7znn9j0ycjx4hnj93h9ot 7240859 7240855 2026-07-06T10:25:07Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240859 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] jokt3rlp1ty360vtfysnc6xe36hkajw 7240870 7240859 2026-07-06T10:34:23Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240870 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe [[Category:Wp/nyn]] ljlip6eaovu2h3asdmddjiwx8ehg8m4 7240872 7240870 2026-07-06T10:35:45Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240872 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 6tmy76u58hmtqhkgsc34z2nen2sx416 7240873 7240872 2026-07-06T10:37:23Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240873 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi [[Category:Wp/nyn]] s787hqmgjhec1fsijg5sj4mh58c9oe6 7240875 7240873 2026-07-06T10:39:21Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240875 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 2ogmrv7a47uvpn1uuqo43hf7xvtenmx 7240889 7240875 2026-07-06T10:50:51Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240889 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba [[Category:Wp/nyn]] dl2rs7lgje0458vpxiaf5nlv6s0rpf6 7240890 7240889 2026-07-06T10:51:25Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240890 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero [[Category:Wp/nyn]] n4pj7yo1oyjunf45412uluxq0g4v2ok 7240891 7240890 2026-07-06T10:52:08Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240891 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 717wvo824sepk0qpuvvidxbrhdb2fbt 7240892 7240891 2026-07-06T10:54:13Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240892 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, [[Category:Wp/nyn]] drwlyd1ga2xz8qbgdycanp2hqqtq08x 7240893 7240892 2026-07-06T10:54:52Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240893 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa [[Category:Wp/nyn]] b55rkhpuawzm95oj21bhwme41ucto95 7240894 7240893 2026-07-06T10:55:53Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240894 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] nksg9q9i2uqglhbf8h57bd6mdqcqt6b 7240895 7240894 2026-07-06T10:57:34Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240895 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 3j6vs7m50t1uizas2ecqtfxa8gfp8a8 7240896 7240895 2026-07-06T10:58:18Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240896 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 1p9a231zf0i6kdfuzsp1j0z0yxaug4k 7240897 7240896 2026-07-06T10:59:50Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240897 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] p12bp54apzrlkzfc4rnn5u9fw3qaa45 7240898 7240897 2026-07-06T11:01:08Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240898 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza [[Category:Wp/nyn]] inzxpbz46kc9vpc4ngg99gdatgq5fwy 7240899 7240898 2026-07-06T11:01:51Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240899 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, [[Category:Wp/nyn]] sbk7b49p6kgw69oniol3ucjtk6s5umc 7240900 7240899 2026-07-06T11:02:31Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240900 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera [[Category:Wp/nyn]] i1qgjut66fzm48zuprblnqvtduhtpo1 7240901 7240900 2026-07-06T11:03:11Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240901 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 74qt2bmgehlujtz3p856wl2qoblj3mu 7240902 7240901 2026-07-06T11:03:41Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240902 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 4qfievz3ay475o03yvw48oli5qgexu6 7240903 7240902 2026-07-06T11:04:23Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240903 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 5hsjxoosrfcggrz5evjiyo5rymvzihw 7240904 7240903 2026-07-06T11:05:02Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240904 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 9x8dovz0h24n5y43ry4a2rsyl7jjj0v 7240905 7240904 2026-07-06T11:07:10Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240905 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru [[Category:Wp/nyn]] c9o868hzhokuc8nntri26h4bay9gmg5 7240906 7240905 2026-07-06T11:07:52Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240906 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 3b7yewz50dc6tjd02hh1v4h7h9p8wph 7240907 7240906 2026-07-06T11:08:33Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240907 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] tu5n8foqoo91s4hkzqsru9lfsiujxnh 7240908 7240907 2026-07-06T11:09:57Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240908 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 7mq5w426yg5si187anoe8eq85ekhbhi 7240909 7240908 2026-07-06T11:10:40Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240909 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 3tgbp28m8qcn4fhggzj49coy1fzgkun 7240910 7240909 2026-07-06T11:12:25Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240910 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, [[Category:Wp/nyn]] mdhghzyt893f7c7ms42ujv26xxwofxv 7240911 7240910 2026-07-06T11:13:04Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240911 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] bmbc4xolr56dfo5ah0x4l4zstglfj3p 7240913 7240911 2026-07-06T11:24:09Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240913 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 5pxd4gylk0x6s8p5h8tb4v7qy8ldlht 7240914 7240913 2026-07-06T11:24:57Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240914 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) Eishengyero rya Uganda. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] rn0daa80z0z1qx5uemz4jklfkzm9bnd 7240917 7240914 2026-07-06T11:31:23Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240917 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 68u5apjvl4yi64tvuzj5hlnjthmw9jx 7240920 7240917 2026-07-06T11:33:57Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 translated the article of Lilian Ruteraho 7240920 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunyayuganda, omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] iw81b0drxwnuvdfmbu7wl52t9687pnj 7240921 7240920 2026-07-06T11:36:05Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240921 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu Kagadi, Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] hx9cb0wparkdhapoj3th0wcsm8pqehk 7240922 7240921 2026-07-06T11:37:45Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240922 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], Rubanda na Kyegegwa. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 9mnac6i5h5pfiqn7p9t7n259zvgrh2s 7240924 7240922 2026-07-06T11:38:32Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240924 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], Rubanda na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] gnxfxmx4ehuc161ohb6ul5luy72vwhq 7240925 7240924 2026-07-06T11:39:03Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240925 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu ishengyero rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] j1mdxefklb05fz6i0keihe9zzerwxkx 7240927 7240925 2026-07-06T11:39:36Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240927 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya Disiturikiti ya Isingiro omu [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|ishengyero]] rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] o50dvnp3pwf4n33dit0heagxvw3sl8y 7240928 7240927 2026-07-06T11:40:17Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240928 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]] omu [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|ishengyero]] rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] h8i5tnfcdapv00h97fkqat026pov869 7240929 7240928 2026-07-06T11:41:06Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240929 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]] omu [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|ishengyero]] rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, Sheema Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] ar7dpmfs9dpw9rikfda92ssd2q4q4at 7240930 7240929 2026-07-06T11:43:03Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240930 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]] omu [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|ishengyero]] rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, [[Wp/nyn/Sheema District|Sheema]] Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, Kakoba, ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] emwkfmux7pwjrcv63qlzokl78qcv420 7240931 7240930 2026-07-06T11:45:48Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240931 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]] omu [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|ishengyero]] rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, [[Wp/nyn/Sheema District|Sheema]] Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, [[Wp/nyn/kakoba division|Kakoba]], ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari Makerere University, ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 4z968w2pcxwlrvilp1by9r1c65h8k5u 7240932 7240931 2026-07-06T11:46:17Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240932 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]] omu [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|ishengyero]] rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, [[Wp/nyn/Sheema District|Sheema]] Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, [[Wp/nyn/kakoba division|Kakoba]], ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]], ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu Bishop Stuart University kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 126amfud6y7jnprnn3ij2jdt754fy93 7240933 7240932 2026-07-06T11:46:58Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240933 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]] omu [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|ishengyero]] rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, [[Wp/nyn/Sheema District|Sheema]] Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha Lake Mburo Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, [[Wp/nyn/kakoba division|Kakoba]], ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]], ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu [[Wp/nyn/Bishop Stuart University|Bishop Stuart University]] kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] cw712731sbolvbsqpugzjmejjw2853r 7240934 7240933 2026-07-06T11:49:10Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240934 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]] omu [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|ishengyero]] rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, [[Wp/nyn/Sheema District|Sheema]] Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha [[Wp/nyn/Lake Mburo National Park|Lake Mburo]] Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, [[Wp/nyn/kakoba division|Kakoba]], ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]], ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu [[Wp/nyn/Bishop Stuart University|Bishop Stuart University]] kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa National Resistance Movement (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] ew32mr9007z5cd5q1xkvddz9w19bete 7240935 7240934 2026-07-06T11:50:20Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240935 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]] omu [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|ishengyero]] rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, [[Wp/nyn/Sheema District|Sheema]] Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha [[Wp/nyn/Lake Mburo National Park|Lake Mburo]] Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, [[Wp/nyn/kakoba division|Kakoba]], ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]], ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu [[Wp/nyn/Bishop Stuart University|Bishop Stuart University]] kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu Disiturikiti ya Isingiro, kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] clbjyeayornk67fpgb87o5833tsvxgq 7240936 7240935 2026-07-06T11:51:05Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240936 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]] omu [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|ishengyero]] rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, [[Wp/nyn/Sheema District|Sheema]] Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha [[Wp/nyn/Lake Mburo National Park|Lake Mburo]] Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, [[Wp/nyn/kakoba division|Kakoba]], ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]], ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu [[Wp/nyn/Bishop Stuart University|Bishop Stuart University]] kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]], kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya Rubanda, Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] odgyfth3xh4dtiq0flri8ghwb2m2xub 7240937 7240936 2026-07-06T11:51:59Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240937 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]] omu [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|ishengyero]] rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, [[Wp/nyn/Sheema District|Sheema]] Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha [[Wp/nyn/Lake Mburo National Park|Lake Mburo]] Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, [[Wp/nyn/kakoba division|Kakoba]], ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]], ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu [[Wp/nyn/Bishop Stuart University|Bishop Stuart University]] kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]], kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]], Disiturikiti ya Kyegegwa reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] amlcegfahkgp1k60thenaimmsfryr7j 7240939 7240937 2026-07-06T11:52:27Z Tusasirwe Mackline 2612547 added hyper link 7240939 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lilian Ruteraho == '''Lilian Ruteraho''' (akaaazaarwa 28 Desemba 1978) n'omwegyesa Omunya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]], omunyabyabutegyeki kandi omwebembezi. Akakora nka Resident District Commissioner wa disiturikiti omu Uganda otwariiremu [[Wp/nyn/Kalaki District|Kagadi]], [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]]. Hati niwe mukazi omujwekyerwa omu ishengyero rya [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]] omu [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|ishengyero]] rya 12 erya Uganda ahanyima y'akaruuru ka boona aka 2026 ahansi y'ekibiina kya [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ekibiina ekiri omu butegyeki. == Obwegyese n'oburugo bwe == Lilian Ruteraho akazaarwa ebiro 28 Okwaikumi n'ebiri 1978 nyina omugyenzi Samson Ruteraho omu kyaro kya Kigaba, Kasana subcounty, [[Wp/nyn/Sheema District|Sheema]] Disiturikiti. Akashomera Kasana Primary School. Akaza omu Kitagata Secondary School na Standard High School Zana aha ordinary level. Akeegaita aha [[Wp/nyn/Lake Mburo National Park|Lake Mburo]] Secondary School aha rurengo rwe orwa haiguru, ahu arikuheereza hati nk'omwebembezi w'eishomero. Ruteraho bwanyima akaza omu itendekyero ry'abegyesa erya National Teacher's College, [[Wp/nyn/kakoba division|Kakoba]], ahu yaashomire eby'obwegyese omu byafaayo hamwe n'eby'ediini y'Ekikristaayo. Bwanyima, akeegaita ahari [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]], ahu yaatungire diguri, reero yaaza omu [[Wp/nyn/Bishop Stuart University|Bishop Stuart University]] kutunga diguri ya kabiri. == Omurimo gwe == Ruteraho akatandika kwegyesa aha Lake Mburo Secondary School bwanyima y'okujwara diguri ye kuruga omu National Teachers' College. Akahinduka mukuru w'entebe ow'omukyanga omu disiturikiti ya Isingiro kandi mukuru w'entebe omukazi owa [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM). Bwanyima akaza kwesimba aha ntebe y'omukiiki omwishengyero kuruga omu [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Isingiro|Disiturikiti ya Isingiro]], kwonka akasingwa. Omu 2018, Ruteraho akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa disiturikiti omu disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Akahindurwa yaatwarwa omu Disiturikiti ya [[Wp/nyn/Rubanda District|Rubanda]], Disiturikiti ya [[Wp/nyn/Kyegegwa District|Kyegegwa]] reero agaruka omu Disiturikiti ya Kagadi. Omu karuuru k'okubanza ak'ekibiina kya NRM akarikweteekateekyera akaruuru ka 2026, akarangirirwa nk'orikukwatira ekibiina bendera aha ntebe y'omubaka omukazi owa Disiturikiti ya Isingiro bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru okwabaire kurimu obunkenke kandi okwabaire kukeerereirwe. Ruteraho akatwara oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi aha barikuhakana, otwariiremu n'omujwekyerwa Clare Mugumya. Omu karuuru ka boona, Ruteraho akasingura, noburuuru 135,467 waagyeragyeranisa n'owaabaire amuhakanisa, Justine Ayebazibwe, owaatungire akaruuru 43,088. == Reeba n'ebi == * Orunyiriri rw'abanyakibiina omu ishengyero rya ikumi na ibiri omuri Yuganda. * Denis Obua (omunya by'abutegyeki) * Eishengyero rya Uganda * John Babiiha * Ruth Achieng * David Bahati * Bruce Baraba Kabaasa == Oburugo == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] ct4a6tgoauark49ghreyxqd3wow757p 0 3786337 7240775 2026-07-06T09:17:56Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=车辆}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/sejen|sejen]]" 7240775 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=车辆}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/sejen|sejen]] 5tobsu6lnqvupx6sjlqblo5u0p859zq 0 3786338 7240776 2026-07-06T09:18:02Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=精神}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/simen|simen]]" 7240776 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=精神}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/simen|simen]] 4dl1jcfhyodj3ijrs02iwjg0rofa8cr 0 3786339 7240777 2026-07-06T09:18:09Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=基础}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/ten|ten]]" 7240777 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=基础}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/ten|ten]] sg8isugejq6bn5jou164cl3n2ltdw2r 0 3786340 7240778 2026-07-06T09:18:15Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=谷物}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/jeku|jeku]]" 7240778 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=谷物}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/jeku|jeku]] i10jndm4tg8eqvdwb40vrrqpgup06xk 0 3786341 7240779 2026-07-06T09:18:23Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=脖颈}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/dalan|dalan]]" 7240779 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=脖颈}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/dalan|dalan]] 64dolawk6hir0slqnl7xzzaee0zp38j 0 3786342 7240780 2026-07-06T09:18:30Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=档案}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/dangse|dangse]]" 7240780 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=档案}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/dangse|dangse]] erubnkqmnjpmj6esrutklog6wmj87g4 10 3786343 7240782 2026-07-06T09:25:04Z Deepturquoise 2613705 Created page with "<div style="padding: 0.6em"> [[File:Aktivitas-Bermain-Gawai-2.svg|150px|right]] [[Wb/su/Carita Kapitan Bonteku|Carita Kapitan Bontekoe]] &middot; [[Wb/su/Kitab Dongéng-Dongéng nu Aranéh|Dongéng-Dongéng nu Aranéh]] &middot; [[Wb/su/Haneut Kasorénakeun jeung Carita Séjén|Haneut Kasorénakeun jeung Carita Séjén]] &middot; [[Wb/su/Mitra nu Tani (Jilid 1)/Lampah Nyieun Séngkéd|Mitra nu Tani]] &middot; [[Wb/su/Kitab Tuhfah|Kitab Tuhfah]] &middot; Wb/su/Wikibaru..." 7240782 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="padding: 0.6em"> [[File:Aktivitas-Bermain-Gawai-2.svg|150px|right]] [[Wb/su/Carita Kapitan Bonteku|Carita Kapitan Bontekoe]] &middot; [[Wb/su/Kitab Dongéng-Dongéng nu Aranéh|Dongéng-Dongéng nu Aranéh]] &middot; [[Wb/su/Haneut Kasorénakeun jeung Carita Séjén|Haneut Kasorénakeun jeung Carita Séjén]] &middot; [[Wb/su/Mitra nu Tani (Jilid 1)/Lampah Nyieun Séngkéd|Mitra nu Tani]] &middot; [[Wb/su/Kitab Tuhfah|Kitab Tuhfah]] &middot; [[Wb/su/Wikibarudak:Aksara Ngalagena|Wikibarudak:Aksara Sunda]] &middot; [[Wb/su/Warnasari|Warnasari]] &middot; [[Wb/su/Wawacan Wulang Krama|Wawacan Wulang Krama]] <noinclude>[[Category:Wb/su]]</noinclude> iln3oevj0qje6ecfdtpoqkm0ct0nrij 10 3786344 7240806 2026-07-06T09:53:06Z ङघिञ 2644823 Created page with "<includeonly><!--See parser bug T18700--><nowiki/>{{Taxobox/core | colour = {{#if:{{{color_as|{{{colour_as|{{{color as|{{{colour as|}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{Wp/pih/Taxobox colour|{{{color_as|{{{colour_as|{{{color as|{{{colour as|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{Wp/pih/Taxobox 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= {{{unranked_infraclassis|{{{unranked infraclassis|}}}}}} | unranked_infraclassis_authority = {{{unranked_infraclassis_authority|{{{unranked infraclassis authority|}}}}}} | infraclassis = {{{infraclassis|}}} | infraclassis_authority = {{{infraclassis_authority|{{{infraclassis authority|}}}}}} | unranked_magnordo= {{{unranked_magnordo|{{{unranked magnordo|}}}}}} | unranked_magnordo_authority = {{{unranked_magnordo_authority|{{{unranked magnordo authority|}}}}}} | magnordo = {{{magnordo|}}} | magnordo_authority = {{{magnordo_authority|{{{magnordo authority|}}}}}} | unranked_superordo= {{{unranked_superordo|{{{unranked superordo|}}}}}} | unranked_superordo_authority = {{{unranked_superordo_authority|{{{unranked superordo authority|}}}}}} | superordo = {{{superordo|}}} | superordo_authority = {{{superordo_authority|{{{superordo authority|}}}}}} | unranked_ordo = {{{unranked_ordo|{{{unranked ordo|}}}}}} | unranked_ordo_authority = {{{unranked_ordo_authority|{{{unranked ordo authority|}}}}}} | ordo = {{{ordo|}}} | ordo_authority = {{{ordo_authority|{{{ordo authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subordo= {{{unranked_subordo|{{{unranked subordo|}}}}}} | unranked_subordo_authority = {{{unranked_subordo_authority|{{{unranked subordo authority|}}}}}} | subordo = {{{subordo|}}} | subordo_authority = {{{subordo_authority|{{{subordo authority|}}}}}} | unranked_infraordo= {{{unranked_infraordo|{{{unranked infraordo|}}}}}} | unranked_infraordo_authority = {{{unranked_infraordo_authority|{{{unranked infraordo authority|}}}}}} | infraordo = {{{infraordo|}}} | infraordo_authority = {{{infraordo_authority|{{{infraordo authority|}}}}}} | unranked_parvordo= {{{unranked_parvordo|{{{unranked parvordo|}}}}}} | unranked_parvordo_authority = {{{unranked_parvordo_authority|{{{unranked parvordo authority|}}}}}} | parvordo = {{{parvordo|}}} | parvordo_authority = {{{parvordo_authority|{{{parvordo authority|}}}}}} | zoodivisio = {{{zoodivisio|}}} | zoodivisio_authority = {{{zoodivisio_authority|{{{zoodivisio authority|}}}}}} | unranked_zoosectio = {{{unranked_zoosectio|{{{unranked zoosectio|}}}}}} | unranked_zoosectio_authority = {{{unranked_zoosectio_authority|{{{unranked zoosectio authority|}}}}}} | zoosectio = {{{zoosectio|}}} | zoosectio_authority = {{{zoosectio_authority|{{{zoosectio authority|}}}}}} | unranked_zoosubsectio = {{{unranked_zoosubsectio|{{{unranked zoosubsectio|}}}}}} | unranked_zoosubsectio_authority = {{{unranked_zoosubsectio_authority|{{{unranked zoosubsectio authority|}}}}}} | zoosubsectio = {{{zoosubsectio|}}} | zoosubsectio_authority = {{{zoosubsectio_authority|{{{zoosubsectio authority|}}}}}} | unranked_superfamilia= {{{unranked_superfamilia|{{{unranked superfamilia|}}}}}} | unranked_superfamilia_authority = {{{unranked_superfamilia_authority|{{{unranked superfamilia authority|}}}}}} | superfamilia = {{{superfamilia|}}} | superfamilia_authority = {{{superfamilia_authority|{{{superfamilia authority|}}}}}} | unranked_familia = {{{unranked_familia|{{{unranked familia|}}}}}} | unranked_familia_authority = {{{unranked_familia_authority|{{{unranked familia authority|}}}}}} | familia = {{{familia|}}} | familia_authority = {{{familia_authority|{{{familia authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subfamilia = {{{unranked_subfamilia|{{{unranked subfamilia|}}}}}} | unranked_subfamilia_authority = {{{unranked_subfamilia_authority|{{{unranked subfamilia authority|}}}}}} | subfamilia = {{{subfamilia|}}} | subfamilia_authority = {{{subfamilia_authority|{{{subfamilia authority|}}}}}} | unranked_supertribus = {{{unranked_supertribus|{{{unranked supertribus|}}}}}} | unranked_supertribus_authority = {{{unranked_supertribus_authority|{{{unranked supertribus authority|}}}}}} | supertribus = {{{supertribus|}}} | supertribus_authority = {{{supertribus_authority|{{{supertribus authority|}}}}}} | unranked_tribus = {{{unranked_tribus|{{{unranked tribus|}}}}}} | unranked_tribus_authority = {{{unranked_tribus_authority|{{{unranked tribus authority|}}}}}} | tribus = {{{tribus|}}} | tribus_authority = {{{tribus_authority|{{{tribus authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subtribus = {{{unranked_subtribus|{{{unranked subtribus|}}}}}} | unranked_subtribus_authority = {{{unranked_subtribus_authority|{{{unranked subtribus authority|}}}}}} | subtribus = {{{subtribus|}}} | subtribus_authority = {{{subtribus_authority|{{{subtribus authority|}}}}}} | unranked_alliance = {{{unranked_alliance|{{{unranked alliance|}}}}}} | unranked_alliance_authority = {{{unranked_alliance_authority|{{{unranked alliance authority|}}}}}} | alliance = {{{alliance|}}} | alliance_authority = {{{alliance_authority|{{{alliance authority|}}}}}} | unranked_genus = {{{unranked_genus|{{{unranked genus|}}}}}} | unranked_genus_authority = {{{unranked_genus_authority|{{{unranked genus authority|}}}}}} | genus = {{{genus|}}} | genus_authority = {{{genus_authority|{{{genus authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subgenus = {{{unranked_subgenus|{{{unranked subgenus|}}}}}} | unranked_subgenus_authority = {{{unranked_subgenus_authority|{{{unranked subgenus authority|}}}}}} | subgenus = {{{subgenus|}}} | subgenus_authority = {{{subgenus_authority|{{{subgenus authority|}}}}}} | unranked_sectio = {{{unranked_sectio|{{{unranked sectio|}}}}}} | unranked_sectio_authority = {{{unranked_sectio_authority|{{{unranked sectio authority|}}}}}} | sectio = {{{sectio|}}} | sectio_authority = {{{sectio_authority|{{{sectio authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subsectio = {{{unranked_subsectio|{{{unranked subsectio|}}}}}} | unranked_subsectio_authority = {{{unranked_subsectio_authority|{{{unranked subsectio authority|}}}}}} | subsectio = {{{subsectio|}}} | subsectio_authority = {{{subsectio_authority|{{{subsectio authority|}}}}}} | unranked_series = {{{unranked_series|{{{unranked series|}}}}}} | unranked_series_authority = {{{unranked_series_authority|{{{unranked series authority|}}}}}} | series = {{{series|}}} | series_authority = {{{series_authority|{{{series authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subseries = {{{unranked_subseries|{{{unranked subseries|}}}}}} | unranked_subseries_authority = {{{unranked_subseries_authority|{{{unranked subseries authority|}}}}}} | subseries = {{{subseries|}}} | subseries_authority = {{{subseries_authority|{{{subseries authority|}}}}}} | unranked_species_group = {{{unranked_species_group|{{{unranked species group|}}}}}} | unranked_species_group_authority = {{{unranked_species_group_authority|{{{unranked species group authority|}}}}}} | species_group = {{{species_group|{{{species group|}}}}}} | species_group_authority = {{{species_group_authority|{{{species group authority|}}}}}} | unranked_species_subgroup = {{{unranked_species_subgroup|{{{unranked species subgroup|}}}}}} | unranked_species_subgroup_authority = {{{unranked_species_subgroup_authority|{{{unranked species subgroup authority|}}}}}} | species_subgroup = {{{species_subgroup|{{{species subgroup|}}}}}} | species_subgroup_authority = {{{species_subgroup_authority|{{{species subgroup authority|}}}}}} | unranked_species_complex = {{{unranked_species_complex|{{{unranked species complex|}}}}}} | unranked_species_complex_authority = {{{unranked_species_complex_authority|{{{unranked species complex authority|}}}}}} | species_complex = {{{species_complex|{{{species complex|}}}}}} | species_complex_authority = {{{species_complex_authority|{{{species complex authority|}}}}}} | unranked_species = {{{unranked_species|{{{unranked species|}}}}}} | unranked_species_authority = {{{unranked_species_authority|{{{unranked species authority|}}}}}} | species = {{{species|}}} | species_authority = {{{species_authority|}}} | unranked_subspecies = {{{unranked_subspecies|{{{unranked subspecies|}}}}}} | unranked_subspecies_authority = {{{unranked_subspecies_authority|{{{unranked subspecies authority|}}}}}} | subspecies = {{{subspecies|}}} | subspecies_authority = {{{subspecies_authority|{{{subspecies authority|}}}}}} | unranked_variety = {{{unranked_variety|{{{unranked variety|{{{unranked_varietas|{{{unranked varietas|}}}}}}}}}}}} | unranked_variety_authority = {{{unranked_variety_authority|{{{unranked_varietas_authority|}}}}}} | variety = {{{variety|{{{varietas|}}}}}} | variety_authority = {{{variety_authority|{{{variety authority|{{{varietas_authority|{{{varietas authority|}}}}}}}}}}}} | forma = {{{forma|}}} | forma_authority = {{{forma_authority|{{{forma authority|}}}}}} | diversity = {{{diversity|}}} | diversity_ref = {{{diversity_ref|}}} | diversity_link = {{{diversity_link|{{{diversity link|}}}}}} | binomial = {{{binomial|}}} | binomial_authority = {{{binomial_authority|{{{binomial authority|}}}}}} | trinomial = {{{trinomial|}}} | trinomial_authority = {{{trinomial_authority|{{{trinomial authority|}}}}}} | type_genus = {{{type_genus|{{{type genus|}}}}}} | type_genus_authority = {{{type_genus_authority|{{{type genus authority|}}}}}} | type_species = {{{type_species|{{{type species|}}}}}} | type_species_authority = {{{type_species_authority|{{{type species authority|}}}}}} | subdivision = {{{subdivision|}}} | subdivision_ref = {{{subdivision_ref|{{{subdivision ref|}}}}}} | subdivision_ranks = {{{subdivision_ranks|{{{subdivision ranks|}}}}}} | type_strain = {{{type_strain|{{{type strain|}}}}}} | type_strain_ref = {{{type_strain_ref|{{{type strain ref|}}}}}} | range_map = {{{range_map|{{{range map|}}}}}} | range_map_upright = {{{range_map_upright|{{{range map upright|}}}}}} | range_map_width = {{{range_map_width|{{{range map width|}}}}}} | range_map_alt = {{{range_map_alt|{{{range map alt|}}}}}} | range_map_caption = {{{range_map_caption|{{{range map caption|}}}}}} | binomial2 = {{{binomial2|}}} | binomial2_authority = {{{binomial2_authority|{{{binomial2 authority|}}}}}} | range_map2 = {{{range_map2|{{{range map2|}}}}}} | range_map2_upright = {{{range_map2_upright|{{{range map2 upright|}}}}}} | range_map2_width = {{{range_map2_width|{{{range map2 width|}}}}}} | range_map2_alt = {{{range_map2_alt|{{{range map2 alt|}}}}}} | range_map2_caption = {{{range_map2_caption|{{{range map2 caption|}}}}}} | binomial3 = {{{binomial3|}}} | binomial3_authority = {{{binomial3_authority|{{{binomial3 authority|}}}}}} | range_map3 = {{{range_map3|{{{range map3|}}}}}} | range_map3_upright = {{{range_map3_upright|{{{range map3 upright|}}}}}} | range_map3_width = {{{range_map3_width|{{{range map3 width|}}}}}} | range_map3_alt = {{{range_map3_alt|{{{range map3 alt|}}}}}} | range_map3_caption = {{{range_map3_caption|{{{range map3 caption|}}}}}} | binomial4 = {{{binomial4|}}} | binomial4_authority = {{{binomial4_authority|{{{binomial4 authority|}}}}}} | range_map4 = {{{range_map4|{{{range map4|}}}}}} | range_map4_upright = {{{range_map4_upright|{{{range map4 upright|}}}}}} | range_map4_width = {{{range_map4_width|{{{range map4 width|}}}}}} | range_map4_alt = {{{range_map4_alt|{{{range map4 alt|}}}}}} | range_map4_caption = {{{range_map4_caption|{{{range map4 caption|}}}}}} | synonyms_ref = {{{synonyms_ref|{{{synonyms ref|}}}}}} | synonyms = {{{synonyms|}}} | footer = {{{footer|}}} }}{{#if:{{{extinct|}}}|[[Category:Wp/pih/Taxoboxes using extinct parameter]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Wp/pih/documentation|Template:Wp/pih/Infobox Taxon/doc}}</noinclude> quwvwancsz33kioaihyr52dwuhawowh 7240807 7240806 2026-07-06T09:53:31Z ङघिञ 2644823 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q52496]] 7240807 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!--See parser bug T18700--><nowiki/>{{Taxobox/core | colour = {{#if:{{{color_as|{{{colour_as|{{{color as|{{{colour as|}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{Wp/pih/Taxobox colour|{{{color_as|{{{colour_as|{{{color as|{{{colour as|}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{Wp/pih/Taxobox colour|{{Wp/pih/if empty |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{phylum|}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{unranked_phylum|{{{unranked phylum|}}}}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{divisio|}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{unranked_divisio|{{{unranked divisio|}}}}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{superphylum|}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{unranked_superphylum|{{{unranked superphylum|}}}}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{superdivisio|}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{unranked_superdivisio|{{{unranked superdivisio|}}}}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{subregnum|}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{unranked_subregnum|{{{unranked subregnum|}}}}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{regnum|}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{unranked_regnum|{{{unranked regnum|}}}}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{superregnum|}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{unranked_superregnum|{{{unranked superregnum|}}}}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{domain|}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{unranked_domain|{{{unranked domain|}}}}}}|sep=}} |{{Wp/pih/Sets taxobox colour|{{{virus_group|{{{virus group|}}}}}}|sep=}} |Error}}}}}} | name = {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{Taxobox name|{{{genus}}}|{{{species}}}|{{{binomial}}}}}}} | status = {{{status|}}} | status_system = {{{status_system|{{{status system|}}}}}} | status_ref = {{{status_ref|{{{status ref|}}}}}} | status2 = {{{status2|}}} | status2_system = {{{status2_system|{{{status2 system|}}}}}} | status2_ref = {{{status2_ref|{{{status2 ref|}}}}}} | trend = {{{trend|}}} | extinct = {{{extinct|}}} | temporal_range = {{{temporal_range|{{{temporal range|{{{fossil_range|{{{fossil range|}}} }}} }}} }}} | image = {{{image|}}} | image_width = {{{image_width|{{{image width|}}}}}} | upright = {{{image_upright|{{{image upright|}}}}}} | image_alt = {{{image_alt|{{{image alt|}}}}}} | image_caption = {{{image_caption|{{{image caption|}}}}}} | image_caption_align = {{{image_caption_align|{{{image caption align|center}}}}}} | image2 = {{{image2|}}} | image2_width = {{{image2_width|{{{image2 width|}}}}}} | upright2 = {{{image2_upright|{{{image2 upright|}}}}}} | image2_alt = {{{image2_alt|{{{image2 alt|}}}}}} | image2_caption = {{{image2_caption|{{{image2 caption|}}}}}} | classification_status = {{{classification_status|{{{classification status|}}}}}} | virus_group = {{{virus_group|{{{virus group|}}}}}} | unranked_superdomain = {{{unranked_superdomain|{{{unranked superdomain|}}} }}} | unranked_superdomain_authority = {{{unranked_superdomain_authority|{{{unranked superdomain authority|}}}}}} | superdomain = {{{superdomain|}}} | superdomain_authority = {{{superdomaindomain_authority|{{{superdomaindomain authority|}}}}}} | unranked_domain= {{{unranked_domain|{{{unranked domain|}}}}}} | unranked_domain_authority = {{{unranked_domain_authority|{{{unranked domain authority|}}}}}} | domain = {{{domain|}}} | domain_authority = {{{domain_authority|{{{domain authority|}}}}}} | unranked_superregnum= {{{unranked_superregnum|{{{unranked superregnum|}}}}}} | unranked_superregnum_authority = {{{unranked_superregnum_authority|{{{unranked superregnum authority|}}}}}} | superregnum = {{{superregnum|}}} | superregnum_authority = {{{superregnum_authority|{{{superregnum authority|}}}}}} | unranked_regnum = {{{unranked_regnum|{{{unranked regnum|}}}}}} | unranked_regnum_authority = {{{unranked_regnum_authority|{{{unranked regnum authority|}}}}}} | regnum = {{{regnum|}}} | regnum_authority = {{{regnum_authority|{{{regnum authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subregnum= {{{unranked_subregnum|{{{unranked subregnum|}}}}}} | unranked_subregnum_authority = {{{unranked_subregnum_authority|{{{unranked subregnum authority|}}}}}} | subregnum = {{{subregnum|}}} | subregnum_authority = {{{subregnum_authority|{{{subregnum authority|}}}}}} | unranked_superdivisio= {{{unranked_superdivisio|{{{unranked superdivisio|}}}}}} | unranked_superdivisio_authority = {{{unranked_superdivisio_authority|{{{unranked superdivisio authority|}}}}}} | superdivisio = {{{superdivisio|}}} | superdivisio_authority = {{{superdivisio_authority|{{{superdivisio authority|}}}}}} | unranked_superphylum= {{{unranked_superphylum|{{{unranked superphylum|}}}}}} | unranked_superphylum_authority = {{{unranked_superphylum_authority|{{{unranked superphylum authority|}}}}}} | superphylum = {{{superphylum|}}} | superphylum_authority = {{{superphylum_authority|{{{superphylum authority|}}}}}} | unranked_divisio = {{{unranked_divisio|{{{unranked divisio|}}}}}} | unranked_divisio_authority = {{{unranked_divisio_authority|{{{unranked divisio authority|}}} }}} | divisio = {{{divisio|}}} | divisio_authority = {{{divisio_authority|{{{divisio authority|}}}}}} | unranked_phylum= {{{unranked_phylum|{{{unranked phylum|}}}}}} | unranked_phylum_authority = {{{unranked_phylum_authority|{{{unranked phylum authority|}}}}}} | phylum = {{{phylum|}}} | phylum_authority = {{{phylum_authority|{{{phylum authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subdivisio= {{{unranked_subdivisio|{{{unranked subdivisio|}}}}}} | unranked_subdivisio_authority = {{{unranked_subdivisio_authority|{{{unranked subdivisio authority|}}}}}} | subdivisio = {{{subdivisio|}}} | subdivisio_authority = {{{subdivisio_authority|{{{subdivisio authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subphylum= {{{unranked_subphylum|{{{unranked subphylum|}}}}}} | unranked_subphylum_authority = {{{unranked_subphylum_authority|{{{unranked subphylum authority|}}}}}} | subphylum = {{{subphylum|}}} | subphylum_authority = {{{subphylum_authority|{{{subphylum authority|}}}}}} | unranked_infraphylum= {{{unranked_infraphylum|{{{unranked infraphylum|}}}}}} | unranked_infraphylum_authority = {{{unranked_infraphylum_authority|{{{unranked infraphylum authority|}}}}}} | infraphylum = {{{infraphylum|}}} | infraphylum_authority = {{{infraphylum_authority|{{{infraphylum authority|}}}}}} | unranked_microphylum= {{{unranked_microphylum|{{{unranked microphylum|}}}}}} | unranked_microphylum_authority = {{{unranked_microphylum_authority|{{{unranked microphylum authority|}}}}}} | microphylum = {{{microphylum|}}} | microphylum_authority = {{{microphylum_authority|{{{microphylum authority|}}}}}} | unranked_nanophylum= {{{unranked_nanophylum|{{{unranked nanophylum|}}}}}} | unranked_nanophylum_authority = {{{unranked_nanophylum_authority|{{{unranked nanophylum authority|}}}}}} | nanophylum = {{{nanophylum|}}} | nanophylum_authority = {{{nanophylum_authority|{{{nanophylum authority|}}}}}} | unranked_superclassis= {{{unranked_superclassis|{{{unranked superclassis|}}}}}} | unranked_superclassis_authority = {{{unranked_superclassis_authority|{{{unranked superclassis authority|}}}}}} | superclassis = {{{superclassis|}}} | superclassis_authority = {{{superclassis_authority|{{{superclassis authority|}}}}}} | unranked_classis = {{{unranked_classis|{{{unranked classis|}}}}}} | unranked_classis_authority = {{{unranked_classis_authority|{{{unranked classis authority|}}}}}} | classis = {{{classis|}}} | classis_authority = {{{classis_authority|{{{classis authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subclassis = {{{unranked_subclassis|{{{unranked subclassis|}}}}}} | unranked_subclassis_authority = {{{unranked_subclassis_authority|{{{unranked subclassis authority|}}}}}} | subclassis = {{{subclassis|}}} | subclassis_authority = {{{subclassis_authority|{{{subclassis authority|}}}}}} | unranked_infraclassis = {{{unranked_infraclassis|{{{unranked infraclassis|}}}}}} | unranked_infraclassis_authority = {{{unranked_infraclassis_authority|{{{unranked infraclassis authority|}}}}}} | infraclassis = {{{infraclassis|}}} | infraclassis_authority = {{{infraclassis_authority|{{{infraclassis authority|}}}}}} | unranked_magnordo= {{{unranked_magnordo|{{{unranked magnordo|}}}}}} | unranked_magnordo_authority = {{{unranked_magnordo_authority|{{{unranked magnordo authority|}}}}}} | magnordo = {{{magnordo|}}} | magnordo_authority = {{{magnordo_authority|{{{magnordo authority|}}}}}} | unranked_superordo= {{{unranked_superordo|{{{unranked superordo|}}}}}} | unranked_superordo_authority = {{{unranked_superordo_authority|{{{unranked superordo authority|}}}}}} | superordo = {{{superordo|}}} | superordo_authority = {{{superordo_authority|{{{superordo authority|}}}}}} | unranked_ordo = {{{unranked_ordo|{{{unranked ordo|}}}}}} | unranked_ordo_authority = {{{unranked_ordo_authority|{{{unranked ordo authority|}}}}}} | ordo = {{{ordo|}}} | ordo_authority = {{{ordo_authority|{{{ordo authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subordo= {{{unranked_subordo|{{{unranked subordo|}}}}}} | unranked_subordo_authority = {{{unranked_subordo_authority|{{{unranked subordo authority|}}}}}} | subordo = {{{subordo|}}} | subordo_authority = {{{subordo_authority|{{{subordo authority|}}}}}} | unranked_infraordo= {{{unranked_infraordo|{{{unranked infraordo|}}}}}} | unranked_infraordo_authority = {{{unranked_infraordo_authority|{{{unranked infraordo authority|}}}}}} | infraordo = {{{infraordo|}}} | infraordo_authority = {{{infraordo_authority|{{{infraordo authority|}}}}}} | unranked_parvordo= {{{unranked_parvordo|{{{unranked parvordo|}}}}}} | unranked_parvordo_authority = {{{unranked_parvordo_authority|{{{unranked parvordo authority|}}}}}} | parvordo = {{{parvordo|}}} | parvordo_authority = {{{parvordo_authority|{{{parvordo authority|}}}}}} | zoodivisio = {{{zoodivisio|}}} | zoodivisio_authority = {{{zoodivisio_authority|{{{zoodivisio authority|}}}}}} | unranked_zoosectio = {{{unranked_zoosectio|{{{unranked zoosectio|}}}}}} | unranked_zoosectio_authority = {{{unranked_zoosectio_authority|{{{unranked zoosectio authority|}}}}}} | zoosectio = {{{zoosectio|}}} | zoosectio_authority = {{{zoosectio_authority|{{{zoosectio authority|}}}}}} | unranked_zoosubsectio = {{{unranked_zoosubsectio|{{{unranked zoosubsectio|}}}}}} | unranked_zoosubsectio_authority = {{{unranked_zoosubsectio_authority|{{{unranked zoosubsectio authority|}}}}}} | zoosubsectio = {{{zoosubsectio|}}} | zoosubsectio_authority = {{{zoosubsectio_authority|{{{zoosubsectio authority|}}}}}} | unranked_superfamilia= {{{unranked_superfamilia|{{{unranked superfamilia|}}}}}} | unranked_superfamilia_authority = {{{unranked_superfamilia_authority|{{{unranked superfamilia authority|}}}}}} | superfamilia = {{{superfamilia|}}} | superfamilia_authority = {{{superfamilia_authority|{{{superfamilia authority|}}}}}} | unranked_familia = {{{unranked_familia|{{{unranked familia|}}}}}} | unranked_familia_authority = {{{unranked_familia_authority|{{{unranked familia authority|}}}}}} | familia = {{{familia|}}} | familia_authority = {{{familia_authority|{{{familia authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subfamilia = {{{unranked_subfamilia|{{{unranked subfamilia|}}}}}} | unranked_subfamilia_authority = {{{unranked_subfamilia_authority|{{{unranked subfamilia authority|}}}}}} | subfamilia = {{{subfamilia|}}} | subfamilia_authority = {{{subfamilia_authority|{{{subfamilia authority|}}}}}} | unranked_supertribus = {{{unranked_supertribus|{{{unranked supertribus|}}}}}} | unranked_supertribus_authority = {{{unranked_supertribus_authority|{{{unranked supertribus authority|}}}}}} | supertribus = {{{supertribus|}}} | supertribus_authority = {{{supertribus_authority|{{{supertribus authority|}}}}}} | unranked_tribus = {{{unranked_tribus|{{{unranked tribus|}}}}}} | unranked_tribus_authority = {{{unranked_tribus_authority|{{{unranked tribus authority|}}}}}} | tribus = {{{tribus|}}} | tribus_authority = {{{tribus_authority|{{{tribus authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subtribus = {{{unranked_subtribus|{{{unranked subtribus|}}}}}} | unranked_subtribus_authority = {{{unranked_subtribus_authority|{{{unranked subtribus authority|}}}}}} | subtribus = {{{subtribus|}}} | subtribus_authority = {{{subtribus_authority|{{{subtribus authority|}}}}}} | unranked_alliance = {{{unranked_alliance|{{{unranked alliance|}}}}}} | unranked_alliance_authority = {{{unranked_alliance_authority|{{{unranked alliance authority|}}}}}} | alliance = {{{alliance|}}} | alliance_authority = {{{alliance_authority|{{{alliance authority|}}}}}} | unranked_genus = {{{unranked_genus|{{{unranked genus|}}}}}} | unranked_genus_authority = {{{unranked_genus_authority|{{{unranked genus authority|}}}}}} | genus = {{{genus|}}} | genus_authority = {{{genus_authority|{{{genus authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subgenus = {{{unranked_subgenus|{{{unranked subgenus|}}}}}} | unranked_subgenus_authority = {{{unranked_subgenus_authority|{{{unranked subgenus authority|}}}}}} | subgenus = {{{subgenus|}}} | subgenus_authority = {{{subgenus_authority|{{{subgenus authority|}}}}}} | unranked_sectio = {{{unranked_sectio|{{{unranked sectio|}}}}}} | unranked_sectio_authority = {{{unranked_sectio_authority|{{{unranked sectio authority|}}}}}} | sectio = {{{sectio|}}} | sectio_authority = {{{sectio_authority|{{{sectio authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subsectio = {{{unranked_subsectio|{{{unranked subsectio|}}}}}} | unranked_subsectio_authority = {{{unranked_subsectio_authority|{{{unranked subsectio authority|}}}}}} | subsectio = {{{subsectio|}}} | subsectio_authority = {{{subsectio_authority|{{{subsectio authority|}}}}}} | unranked_series = {{{unranked_series|{{{unranked series|}}}}}} | unranked_series_authority = {{{unranked_series_authority|{{{unranked series authority|}}}}}} | series = {{{series|}}} | series_authority = {{{series_authority|{{{series authority|}}}}}} | unranked_subseries = {{{unranked_subseries|{{{unranked subseries|}}}}}} | unranked_subseries_authority = {{{unranked_subseries_authority|{{{unranked subseries authority|}}}}}} | subseries = {{{subseries|}}} | subseries_authority = {{{subseries_authority|{{{subseries authority|}}}}}} | unranked_species_group = {{{unranked_species_group|{{{unranked species group|}}}}}} | unranked_species_group_authority = {{{unranked_species_group_authority|{{{unranked species group authority|}}}}}} | species_group = {{{species_group|{{{species group|}}}}}} | species_group_authority = {{{species_group_authority|{{{species group authority|}}}}}} | unranked_species_subgroup = {{{unranked_species_subgroup|{{{unranked species subgroup|}}}}}} | unranked_species_subgroup_authority = {{{unranked_species_subgroup_authority|{{{unranked species subgroup authority|}}}}}} | species_subgroup = {{{species_subgroup|{{{species subgroup|}}}}}} | species_subgroup_authority = {{{species_subgroup_authority|{{{species subgroup authority|}}}}}} | unranked_species_complex = {{{unranked_species_complex|{{{unranked species complex|}}}}}} | unranked_species_complex_authority = {{{unranked_species_complex_authority|{{{unranked species complex authority|}}}}}} | species_complex = {{{species_complex|{{{species complex|}}}}}} | species_complex_authority = {{{species_complex_authority|{{{species complex authority|}}}}}} | unranked_species = {{{unranked_species|{{{unranked species|}}}}}} | unranked_species_authority = {{{unranked_species_authority|{{{unranked species authority|}}}}}} | species = {{{species|}}} | species_authority = {{{species_authority|}}} | unranked_subspecies = {{{unranked_subspecies|{{{unranked subspecies|}}}}}} | unranked_subspecies_authority = {{{unranked_subspecies_authority|{{{unranked subspecies authority|}}}}}} | subspecies = {{{subspecies|}}} | subspecies_authority = {{{subspecies_authority|{{{subspecies authority|}}}}}} | unranked_variety = {{{unranked_variety|{{{unranked variety|{{{unranked_varietas|{{{unranked varietas|}}}}}}}}}}}} | unranked_variety_authority = {{{unranked_variety_authority|{{{unranked_varietas_authority|}}}}}} | variety = {{{variety|{{{varietas|}}}}}} | variety_authority = {{{variety_authority|{{{variety authority|{{{varietas_authority|{{{varietas authority|}}}}}}}}}}}} | forma = {{{forma|}}} | forma_authority = {{{forma_authority|{{{forma authority|}}}}}} | diversity = {{{diversity|}}} | diversity_ref = {{{diversity_ref|}}} | diversity_link = {{{diversity_link|{{{diversity link|}}}}}} | binomial = {{{binomial|}}} | binomial_authority = {{{binomial_authority|{{{binomial authority|}}}}}} | trinomial = {{{trinomial|}}} | trinomial_authority = {{{trinomial_authority|{{{trinomial authority|}}}}}} | type_genus = {{{type_genus|{{{type genus|}}}}}} | type_genus_authority = {{{type_genus_authority|{{{type genus authority|}}}}}} | type_species = {{{type_species|{{{type species|}}}}}} | type_species_authority = {{{type_species_authority|{{{type species authority|}}}}}} | subdivision = {{{subdivision|}}} | subdivision_ref = {{{subdivision_ref|{{{subdivision ref|}}}}}} | subdivision_ranks = {{{subdivision_ranks|{{{subdivision ranks|}}}}}} | type_strain = {{{type_strain|{{{type strain|}}}}}} | type_strain_ref = {{{type_strain_ref|{{{type strain ref|}}}}}} | range_map = {{{range_map|{{{range map|}}}}}} | range_map_upright = {{{range_map_upright|{{{range map upright|}}}}}} | range_map_width = {{{range_map_width|{{{range map width|}}}}}} | range_map_alt = {{{range_map_alt|{{{range map alt|}}}}}} | range_map_caption = {{{range_map_caption|{{{range map caption|}}}}}} | binomial2 = {{{binomial2|}}} | binomial2_authority = {{{binomial2_authority|{{{binomial2 authority|}}}}}} | range_map2 = {{{range_map2|{{{range map2|}}}}}} | range_map2_upright = {{{range_map2_upright|{{{range map2 upright|}}}}}} | range_map2_width = {{{range_map2_width|{{{range map2 width|}}}}}} | range_map2_alt = {{{range_map2_alt|{{{range map2 alt|}}}}}} | range_map2_caption = {{{range_map2_caption|{{{range map2 caption|}}}}}} | binomial3 = {{{binomial3|}}} | binomial3_authority = {{{binomial3_authority|{{{binomial3 authority|}}}}}} | range_map3 = {{{range_map3|{{{range map3|}}}}}} | range_map3_upright = {{{range_map3_upright|{{{range map3 upright|}}}}}} | range_map3_width = {{{range_map3_width|{{{range map3 width|}}}}}} | range_map3_alt = {{{range_map3_alt|{{{range map3 alt|}}}}}} | range_map3_caption = {{{range_map3_caption|{{{range map3 caption|}}}}}} | binomial4 = {{{binomial4|}}} | binomial4_authority = {{{binomial4_authority|{{{binomial4 authority|}}}}}} | range_map4 = {{{range_map4|{{{range map4|}}}}}} | range_map4_upright = {{{range_map4_upright|{{{range map4 upright|}}}}}} | range_map4_width = {{{range_map4_width|{{{range map4 width|}}}}}} | range_map4_alt = {{{range_map4_alt|{{{range map4 alt|}}}}}} | range_map4_caption = {{{range_map4_caption|{{{range map4 caption|}}}}}} | synonyms_ref = {{{synonyms_ref|{{{synonyms ref|}}}}}} | synonyms = {{{synonyms|}}} | footer = {{{footer|}}} }}{{#if:{{{extinct|}}}|[[Category:Wp/pih/Taxoboxes using extinct parameter]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Wp/pih/documentation|Template:Wp/pih/Infobox Taxon/doc}} {{INTERWIKI|Q52496}} </noinclude> syqu5lrvobokkq5ezur97uxn4xvrzlb 0 3786345 7240810 2026-07-06T09:56:18Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=名字}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gebu|gebu]]" 7240810 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=名字}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/gebu|gebu]] a0qffzelc7bp0z7pepzq4gc0dg61a98 0 3786346 7240812 2026-07-06T09:56:29Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=证据}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/temgetu|temgetu]]; [[Wt/mnc/siden|siden]]" 7240812 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=证据}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/temgetu|temgetu]]; [[Wt/mnc/siden|siden]] 9fxi47lgz6zz8a4g181y38a8nglm707 0 3786347 7240813 2026-07-06T09:56:37Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=恩惠}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/kesi|kesi]]; [[Wt/mnc/fulehun|fulehun]]" 7240813 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=恩惠}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/kesi|kesi]]; [[Wt/mnc/fulehun|fulehun]] m4coaeevzjs487igphsyacn0ilo0qf4 0 3786348 7240814 2026-07-06T09:56:44Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=风俗}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/doro|doro]]" 7240814 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=风俗}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/doro|doro]] rcgfn731kfg7gblaxb19wrln0fjb3rj 0 3786349 7240815 2026-07-06T09:56:51Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=消息}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/abala|abala]]" 7240815 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=消息}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/abala|abala]] qcbb8ey7m9elv7zf5qx9413tqecvhi5 0 3786350 7240816 2026-07-06T09:56:59Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=灵魂}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/fayangga|fayangga]]" 7240816 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=灵魂}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/fayangga|fayangga]] a3bye49x4uaxhk63t8lkri36ldxip4a 0 3786351 7240817 2026-07-06T09:57:06Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=礼物}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/ulin|ulin]]" 7240817 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=礼物}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/ulin|ulin]] tc5biyy73fyt76t3viqb73xy7jos4al 0 3786352 7240818 2026-07-06T09:57:14Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=狗}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/indahūn|indahūn]]" 7240818 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=狗}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/indahūn|indahūn]] 3te8gp1153r20owhm47qo4kvepm045x 7240824 7240818 2026-07-06T10:00:03Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240824 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/indahūn|indahūn]] j9ffdfiuf21k2ppu3pftme4vp944g8l 0 3786353 7240820 2026-07-06T09:57:22Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "=={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=群体}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/geren|geren]]" 7240820 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{Wt/mnc/-zh-}}== {{Wt/mnc/zh-forms|s=群体}} ==={{Wt/mnc/-noun-}}=== # [[Wt/mnc/geren|geren]] i8rdw5ghcos8ijr6kpcq66k7niddqqg 828 3786354 7240823 2026-07-06T09:59:44Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local string_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities" local table_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/table" local byte = string.byte local concat = table.concat local escape -- defined below local format = string.format local gsub = string.gsub local insert = table.insert local match = string.match local sub = string.sub local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC local function is_array(...) is_array = require(table_module).isArray return is_array(...) end lo..." 7240823 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local string_utilities_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities" local table_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/table" local byte = string.byte local concat = table.concat local escape -- defined below local format = string.format local gsub = string.gsub local insert = table.insert local match = string.match local sub = string.sub local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC local function is_array(...) is_array = require(table_module).isArray return is_array(...) end local function isutf8(...) isutf8 = require(string_utilities_module).isutf8 return isutf8(...) end local function sorted_pairs(...) sorted_pairs = require(table_module).sortedPairs return sorted_pairs(...) end local function table_size(...) table_size = require(table_module).size return table_size(...) end do local escapes local function get_escapes() escapes, get_escapes = { ["\a"] = [[\a]], ["\b"] = [[\b]], ["\t"] = [[\t]], ["\n"] = [[\n]], ["\v"] = [[\v]], ["\f"] = [[\f]], ["\r"] = [[\r]], ["\""] = [[\"]], ["'"] = [[\']], ["\\"] = [[\\]], }, nil return escapes end local function escape_byte(ch) return (escapes or get_escapes())[ch] or format("\\%03d", byte(ch)) end local function escape_bytes(ch) return (gsub(ch, ".", escape_byte)) end local function escape_char(ch) local ch_len = #ch if ch_len == 1 then return escape_byte(ch) end local b = byte(ch) -- Matching bytes below \128 are all to be escaped, \128 to \191 can't -- be leading bytes in UTF-8, \192 and \193 could only occur in overlong -- encodings, so can't occur in UTF-8, U+0080 (\194\128) to U+009F -- (\194\159) are control characters, U+00A0 (\194\160) is the no-break -- space, and \245 to \255 could only occur in encodings for codepoints -- above U+10FFFF, so can't occur in UTF-8. if b < 194 or b > 244 or (b == 194 and byte(ch, 2) < 161) then return escape_bytes(ch) -- 2-byte encodings starting \194 to \223 are all valid, so no need to -- check them with isutf8(). If there are additional trailing -- bytes, escape them. elseif b < 224 then return ch_len == 2 and ch or (sub(ch, 1, 2) .. escape_bytes(sub(ch, 3))) end -- Check 3- and 4-byte encodings with isutf8(), as they might be -- invalid due to overlong encodings or being above U+10FFFF. As above, -- escape any additional trailing bytes. local n = b < 240 and 3 or 4 if ch_len == n then return isutf8(ch) and ch or escape_bytes(ch) elseif ch_len > n then local init_ch = sub(ch, 1, n) if isutf8(init_ch) then return init_ch .. escape_bytes(sub(ch, n + 1)) end end return escape_bytes(ch) end local function escape_non_NFC(str) local normalized = toNFC(str) if normalized == str then return str end local str_len, i, start, offset, output = #str, 1, 1, 0 while i <= str_len do local b = byte(str, i) if b == byte(normalized, i + offset) then i = i + 1 else if output == nil then output = {} end -- Backtrack to the start of the character. while b >= 128 and b < 192 do i = i - 1 b = byte(str, i) end -- Insert any intermediate characters up to this point. if start ~= i then insert(output, sub(str, start, i - 1)) end -- Get the first character, then find the sequence of characters -- which differs from the normalized string. local seq = match(str, "^.[\128-\191]*", i) -- Find the raw sequence and the normalized sequence by adding -- a character at a time to the raw sequence, and checking if -- it matches the current point in the normalized string. -- This is necessary to ensure that the offset between the two -- strings is correct, when comparing equivalent sections. local seq_len, poss_seq, norm_seq = #seq, seq while true do if not norm_seq then norm_seq = match(normalized, "^" .. toNFC(poss_seq), i + offset) -- Once a matching sequence has been found, check if it's -- still possible to match the same normalized sequence with -- a longer raw sequence, as form NFC will have taken the -- longest sequence when normalizing the input. elseif toNFC(poss_seq) ~= norm_seq then break end seq, seq_len = poss_seq, #poss_seq local nxt_ch = match(str, "^.[\128-\191]*", i + seq_len) if nxt_ch == nil then break end poss_seq = poss_seq .. nxt_ch end -- Modify the offset to account for the difference in length -- between the two sequences. Usually, the NFC form will be -- shorter, but in rare cases it is longer (e.g. U+0F73 -- normalizes to U+0F71 + U+0F72). offset = offset + #norm_seq - seq_len i = i + seq_len start = i -- Escape the non-ASCII portion of the sequence. This ensures -- that escapes added by escape_char don't end up double-escaped -- if they would otherwise be modified by form NFC; e.g. "\n" + -- U+0303 ("\ñ") needs to avoid escaping the "n". if seq ~= "" then insert(output, (gsub(seq, "[\128-\255]", escape_byte))) end end end if output == nil then return str end insert(output, sub(str, start)) return concat(output) end -- Escapes control characters, backslash, double quote, the no-break space, -- bytes that aren't used in UTF-8, invalid UTF-8 character sequences, and -- any bytes necessary to ensure that the output is Unicode form NFC, -- because MediaWiki automatically converts page content to form NFC; e.g. -- "e" + U+0301 ("é") results in "e\204\129", because otherwise the sequence -- would be converted to "é" (U+00E9)); this ensures that results can be -- relied upon to be stable if saved as part of page content. function export.escape(str) return escape_non_NFC(gsub(str, "[%c\"'\\\128-\255][\128-\191]*", escape_char)) end escape = export.escape end -- Convert a value to a string function export.dump(value, prefix, tsort) local t = type(value) prefix = prefix or "" if t == "string" then return '"' .. escape(value) .. '"' elseif t == "table" then local str_table = {} insert(str_table, " {") for key, val in sorted_pairs(value, tsort) do insert(str_table, " " .. prefix .. "\t[" .. export.dump(key, prefix .. "\t") .. "] = " .. gsub(export.dump(val, prefix .. "\t"), "^ ", "") .. ",") end insert(str_table, " " .. prefix .. "}") return concat(str_table, "\n") else return tostring(value) end end function export.highlight_dump(value, prefix, tsort, options) options = options or {} local func = options.modified and "modified_dump" or "dump" local dump = export[func](value, prefix, tsort) -- Remove spaces at beginnings of lines (which are simply to force a <pre></pre> tag). dump = gsub(dump, "%f[^%z\n] ", "") return export.highlight(dump) end -- Returns true if table contains a table as one of its values local function containsTable(t) for _, value in pairs(t) do if type(value) == "table" then return true end end return false end local function containsTablesWithSize(t, size) for _, value in pairs(t) do if type(value) == "table" and table_size(value) ~= size then return false end end return true end --[=[ Convert a value to a string. Like dump below, but if a table has consecutive numbered keys and does not have a table as one of its values, it will be placed on a single line. Used by [[Module:Wt/mnc/User:Erutuon/script recognition]]. ]=] function export.modified_dump(value, prefix, tsort) local t = type(value) prefix = prefix or "" if t == "string" then return '"' .. value .. '"' elseif t == "table" then local str_table = {} local containsTable = containsTable(value) local consecutive = is_array(value) if consecutive and not containsTable or containsTable and containsTablesWithSize(value, 3) then insert(str_table, "{") for key, val in sorted_pairs(value, tsort) do if containsTable then insert(str_table, "\n\t" .. prefix) else insert(str_table, " ") end if type(key) == "string" then insert(str_table, "[" .. export.modified_dump(key) .. "] = ") end insert(str_table, type(key) == "number" and type(val) == "number" and format("0x%05X", val) or export.modified_dump(val)) if not (consecutive and #value == 3) or type(key) == "number" and value[key + 1] then insert(str_table, ",") end end if containsTable then insert(str_table, "\n" .. prefix) else insert(str_table, " ") end insert(str_table, "}") return concat(str_table) end insert(str_table, " {") for key, val in sorted_pairs(value, tsort) do insert(str_table, " " .. prefix .. "\t[" .. export.modified_dump(key, prefix .. "\t") .. "] = " .. gsub(export.modified_dump(val, prefix .. "\t"), "^ ", "") .. ",") end insert(str_table, " " .. prefix .. "}") return concat(str_table, "\n") elseif t == "number" and value > 46 then return format("0x%05X", value) else return tostring(value) end end export.track = require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track") -- Trigger a script error from a template function export.error(frame) error(frame.args[1] or "(no message specified)") end --[[ Convenience function for generating syntaxhighlight tags. Display defaults to block. Options is a table. To display inline text with HTML highlighting: { inline = true, lang = "html" } ]] function export.highlight(content, options) if type(content) == "table" then options = content options = { lang = options.lang or "lua", inline = options.inline and true } return function(content) return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("syntaxhighlight", content, options) end else return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("syntaxhighlight", content, { lang = options and options.lang or "lua", inline = options and options.inline and true or nil }) end end function export.track_unrecognized_args(args, template_name) local function track(code) export.track(template_name .. "/" .. code) end track("unrecognized arg") local arg_list = {} for arg, value in pairs(args) do track("unrecognized arg/" .. arg) insert(arg_list, format("|%s=%s", arg, value)) end mw.log(format("Unrecognized parameter%s in {{%s}}: %s.", arg_list[2] and "s" or "", template_name, concat(arg_list, ", ") )) end do local placeholder = "_message_" function export._placeholder_error(frame) -- A dummy function that throws an error with a placeholder message. error(placeholder, (frame.args.level or 1) + 6) end -- Throw an error via callParserFunction, which generates a real error with traceback, automatic categorization in [[CAT:E]] etc., but the error message is returned as a string. Then, replace the placeholder error message with `message`, which is preprocessed. This is necessary when preprocessing needs to be applied (e.g. when using <pre> tags), since otherwise strip markers and other half-processed text gets displayed instead. function export.formatted_error(message, level) local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() return (frame:callParserFunction("#invoke", {"debug", "_placeholder_error", level = level}) :gsub(placeholder, frame:preprocess(message))) end end return export 6yxvl9ywx59xiu0ysman2866i81659o 0 3786355 7240838 2026-07-06T10:14:03Z Manaf205 2595279 Created page with " [[Category:Wq/ha]]" 7240838 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wq/ha]] d2p871ecfj9uica1dlajf9s33por1lr 7240839 7240838 2026-07-06T10:15:30Z Manaf205 2595279 7240839 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wq/ha]] Jomo Kenyatta (20 ga Oktoba, 1892? – 22 ga Agusta, 1978) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Afirka. Shi ne Firayim Minista na farko (1963–1964) da kuma Shugaban Ƙasa na farko (1964–1978) na Kenya mai cin gashin kanta. An haife shi da suna '''Kamau wa Ngengi''', sannan aka yi masa baftisma da sunan '''John Peter''' a shekara ta 1914. Daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa '''Johnstone Kamau''', kafin daga ƙarshe ya ɗauki sunan '''Jomo Kenyatta'''. dvwenlfrmxs69szwsl4xw6iq4kgfwlv 7240840 7240839 2026-07-06T10:15:48Z Manaf205 2595279 7240840 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wq/ha]] Jomo Kenyatta (20 ga Oktoba, 1892? – 22 ga Agusta, 1978) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Afirka. Shi ne Firayim Minista na farko (1963–1964) da kuma Shugaban Ƙasa na farko (1964–1978) na Kenya mai cin gashin kanta. An haife shi da suna '''Kamau wa Ngengi''', sannan aka yi masa baftisma da sunan '''John Peter''' a shekara ta 1914. Daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa '''Johnstone Kamau''', kafin daga ƙarshe ya ɗauki sunan '''Jomo Kenyatta'''. == zantuka == 2gm4cb654ti3cnwwt65coerhr6out1u 7240841 7240840 2026-07-06T10:16:34Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7240841 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wq/ha]] Jomo Kenyatta (20 ga Oktoba, 1892? – 22 ga Agusta, 1978) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Afirka. Shi ne Firayim Minista na farko (1963–1964) da kuma Shugaban Ƙasa na farko (1964–1978) na Kenya mai cin gashin kanta. An haife shi da suna '''Kamau wa Ngengi''', sannan aka yi masa baftisma da sunan '''John Peter''' a shekara ta 1914. Daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa '''Johnstone Kamau''', kafin daga ƙarshe ya ɗauki sunan '''Jomo Kenyatta'''. == zantuka == * Ba ni da niyyar ɗaukar fansa ko kuma ci gaba da waiwayar abubuwan da suka gabata. Za mu manta da abin da ya wuce, mu mai da hankali kan gina makoma mai kyau. p6ixx2l4reas8jmwrgqoive153qjbb9 7240843 7240841 2026-07-06T10:17:32Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7240843 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wq/ha]] Jomo Kenyatta (20 ga Oktoba, 1892? – 22 ga Agusta, 1978) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Afirka. Shi ne Firayim Minista na farko (1963–1964) da kuma Shugaban Ƙasa na farko (1964–1978) na Kenya mai cin gashin kanta. An haife shi da suna '''Kamau wa Ngengi''', sannan aka yi masa baftisma da sunan '''John Peter''' a shekara ta 1914. Daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa '''Johnstone Kamau''', kafin daga ƙarshe ya ɗauki sunan '''Jomo Kenyatta'''. == zantuka == * Ba ni da niyyar ɗaukar fansa ko kuma ci gaba da waiwayar abubuwan da suka gabata. Za mu manta da abin da ya wuce, mu mai da hankali kan gina makoma mai kyau. <blockquote>(1964) Post-election statement. Virginia Morell, ''Ancestral Passions: The leakey Family and the Quest for Humankind's Beginnings'', Copyright 1995, Chapter 19, beginning.</blockquote> 6wxuc900o11r97n8sxzuu640t02l2yx 7240845 7240843 2026-07-06T10:18:44Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7240845 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wq/ha]] Jomo Kenyatta (20 ga Oktoba, 1892? – 22 ga Agusta, 1978) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Afirka. Shi ne Firayim Minista na farko (1963–1964) da kuma Shugaban Ƙasa na farko (1964–1978) na Kenya mai cin gashin kanta. An haife shi da suna '''Kamau wa Ngengi''', sannan aka yi masa baftisma da sunan '''John Peter''' a shekara ta 1914. Daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa '''Johnstone Kamau''', kafin daga ƙarshe ya ɗauki sunan '''Jomo Kenyatta'''. == zantuka == * Ba ni da niyyar ɗaukar fansa ko kuma ci gaba da waiwayar abubuwan da suka gabata. Za mu manta da abin da ya wuce, mu mai da hankali kan gina makoma mai kyau. <blockquote>(1964) Post-election statement. Virginia Morell, ''Ancestral Passions: The leakey Family and the Quest for Humankind's Beginnings'', Copyright 1995, Chapter 19, beginning</blockquote> * Allah ya ce wannan ita ce ƙasarmu, ƙasar da za mu bunƙasa a cikinta a matsayin al'umma... Muna son shanunmu su yi ƙiba a ƙasarmu domin 'ya'yanmu su tashi cikin wadata, kuma ba ma son a kwashe arzikin ƙasarmu don ciyar da wasu. 6xj7urclyg7ratkiz6uo8lr7bxa22ag 7240851 7240845 2026-07-06T10:20:38Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7240851 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wq/ha]] Jomo Kenyatta (20 ga Oktoba, 1892? – 22 ga Agusta, 1978) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Afirka. Shi ne Firayim Minista na farko (1963–1964) da kuma Shugaban Ƙasa na farko (1964–1978) na Kenya mai cin gashin kanta. An haife shi da suna '''Kamau wa Ngengi''', sannan aka yi masa baftisma da sunan '''John Peter''' a shekara ta 1914. Daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa '''Johnstone Kamau''', kafin daga ƙarshe ya ɗauki sunan '''Jomo Kenyatta'''. == zantuka == * Ba ni da niyyar ɗaukar fansa ko kuma ci gaba da waiwayar abubuwan da suka gabata. Za mu manta da abin da ya wuce, mu mai da hankali kan gina makoma mai kyau. <blockquote>(1964) Post-election statement. Virginia Morell, ''Ancestral Passions: The leakey Family and the Quest for Humankind's Beginnings'', Copyright 1995, Chapter 19, beginning</blockquote> * Allah ya ce wannan ita ce ƙasarmu, ƙasar da za mu bunƙasa a cikinta a matsayin al'umma... Muna son shanunmu su yi ƙiba a ƙasarmu domin 'ya'yanmu su tashi cikin wadata, kuma ba ma son a kwashe arzikin ƙasarmu don ciyar da wasu. * Sai dai idan muna da Gwamnati mai ƙwararrun jami'ai da za su iya tafiyar da ita, to gwamnatinmu za ta durƙushe gobe. Ina so jama'a su fahimci wannan: muna aiwatar da manufar '''[[Wq/ha/Afrikantawa (Africanization)|Afrikantawa (Africanization)]]''' tun bayan da muka karɓi ragamar mulki. Ana horar da mutane domin su riƙe mukamai daban-daban, kuma idan sun shirya, za mu ba su alhakin gudanar da waɗannan mukamai. Amma ba za mu ɗauki mutum saboda kawai baƙar fata ne mu ce, "To, kai ne za ka jagoranci wannan, kai kuma wancan." Dole ne mu koyi aiki ta hanyar gogewa, kuma wannan ita ce manufar gwamnatina.A cikin kundin manufofin jam'iyyarmu ta '''[[Wq/ha/KANU|KANU]]''', mun bayyana a fili cewa ba za mu nuna wariya saboda ƙabila, launin fata ko addini ba. Za mu yi wa 'yan Kenya duka adalci iri ɗaya, kuma dokokin Kenya za su shafi Turawa, Asiyawa da Afirkawa waɗanda suke 'yan ƙasar nan. Za a yi musu hukunci da adalci iri ɗaya. Ba za mu iya samun komai yadda muke so ba lokaci guda. Mun fara aiwatar da manufofinmu, kuma za mu ci gaba da bin su. trqlu26i381ugjkpdm5wq8t9jwendoc 7240863 7240851 2026-07-06T10:26:16Z Manaf205 2595279 7240863 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jomo Kenyatta.jpg|thumb|right|Some [[Wq/ha/People|people]] try deliberately to exploit the colonial hangover for their own [[Wq/ha/Purpose|purpose]], to serve an external force. To us, [[Wq/ha/Communism|Communism]] is as bad as [[Wq/ha/Imperialism|imperialism]].]] [[Category:Wq/ha]] Jomo Kenyatta (20 ga Oktoba, 1892? – 22 ga Agusta, 1978) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Afirka. Shi ne Firayim Minista na farko (1963–1964) da kuma Shugaban Ƙasa na farko (1964–1978) na Kenya mai cin gashin kanta. An haife shi da suna '''Kamau wa Ngengi''', sannan aka yi masa baftisma da sunan '''John Peter''' a shekara ta 1914. Daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa '''Johnstone Kamau''', kafin daga ƙarshe ya ɗauki sunan '''Jomo Kenyatta'''. == zantuka == * Ba ni da niyyar ɗaukar fansa ko kuma ci gaba da waiwayar abubuwan da suka gabata. Za mu manta da abin da ya wuce, mu mai da hankali kan gina makoma mai kyau. <blockquote>(1964) Post-election statement. Virginia Morell, ''Ancestral Passions: The leakey Family and the Quest for Humankind's Beginnings'', Copyright 1995, Chapter 19, beginning</blockquote> * Allah ya ce wannan ita ce ƙasarmu, ƙasar da za mu bunƙasa a cikinta a matsayin al'umma... Muna son shanunmu su yi ƙiba a ƙasarmu domin 'ya'yanmu su tashi cikin wadata, kuma ba ma son a kwashe arzikin ƙasarmu don ciyar da wasu. * Sai dai idan muna da Gwamnati mai ƙwararrun jami'ai da za su iya tafiyar da ita, to gwamnatinmu za ta durƙushe gobe. Ina so jama'a su fahimci wannan: muna aiwatar da manufar '''[[Wq/ha/Afrikantawa (Africanization)|Afrikantawa (Africanization)]]''' tun bayan da muka karɓi ragamar mulki. Ana horar da mutane domin su riƙe mukamai daban-daban, kuma idan sun shirya, za mu ba su alhakin gudanar da waɗannan mukamai. Amma ba za mu ɗauki mutum saboda kawai baƙar fata ne mu ce, "To, kai ne za ka jagoranci wannan, kai kuma wancan." Dole ne mu koyi aiki ta hanyar gogewa, kuma wannan ita ce manufar gwamnatina.A cikin kundin manufofin jam'iyyarmu ta '''[[Wq/ha/KANU|KANU]]''', mun bayyana a fili cewa ba za mu nuna wariya saboda ƙabila, launin fata ko addini ba. Za mu yi wa 'yan Kenya duka adalci iri ɗaya, kuma dokokin Kenya za su shafi Turawa, Asiyawa da Afirkawa waɗanda suke 'yan ƙasar nan. Za a yi musu hukunci da adalci iri ɗaya. Ba za mu iya samun komai yadda muke so ba lokaci guda. Mun fara aiwatar da manufofinmu, kuma za mu ci gaba da bin su. otztehm2hkhbtu07tgxkfpuyiq9fq0m 7240868 7240863 2026-07-06T10:28:46Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7240868 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jomo Kenyatta.jpg|thumb|right|Some [[Wq/ha/People|people]] try deliberately to exploit the colonial hangover for their own [[Wq/ha/Purpose|purpose]], to serve an external force. To us, [[Wq/ha/Communism|Communism]] is as bad as [[Wq/ha/Imperialism|imperialism]].]] [[Category:Wq/ha]] Jomo Kenyatta (20 ga Oktoba, 1892? – 22 ga Agusta, 1978) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Afirka. Shi ne Firayim Minista na farko (1963–1964) da kuma Shugaban Ƙasa na farko (1964–1978) na Kenya mai cin gashin kanta. An haife shi da suna '''Kamau wa Ngengi''', sannan aka yi masa baftisma da sunan '''John Peter''' a shekara ta 1914. Daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa '''Johnstone Kamau''', kafin daga ƙarshe ya ɗauki sunan '''Jomo Kenyatta'''. == zantuka == * Ba ni da niyyar ɗaukar fansa ko kuma ci gaba da waiwayar abubuwan da suka gabata. Za mu manta da abin da ya wuce, mu mai da hankali kan gina makoma mai kyau. <blockquote>(1964) Post-election statement. Virginia Morell, ''Ancestral Passions: The leakey Family and the Quest for Humankind's Beginnings'', Copyright 1995, Chapter 19, beginning</blockquote> * Allah ya ce wannan ita ce ƙasarmu, ƙasar da za mu bunƙasa a cikinta a matsayin al'umma... Muna son shanunmu su yi ƙiba a ƙasarmu domin 'ya'yanmu su tashi cikin wadata, kuma ba ma son a kwashe arzikin ƙasarmu don ciyar da wasu. * Sai dai idan muna da Gwamnati mai ƙwararrun jami'ai da za su iya tafiyar da ita, to gwamnatinmu za ta durƙushe gobe. Ina so jama'a su fahimci wannan: muna aiwatar da manufar '''[[Wq/ha/Afrikantawa (Africanization)|Afrikantawa (Africanization)]]''' tun bayan da muka karɓi ragamar mulki. Ana horar da mutane domin su riƙe mukamai daban-daban, kuma idan sun shirya, za mu ba su alhakin gudanar da waɗannan mukamai. Amma ba za mu ɗauki mutum saboda kawai baƙar fata ne mu ce, "To, kai ne za ka jagoranci wannan, kai kuma wancan." Dole ne mu koyi aiki ta hanyar gogewa, kuma wannan ita ce manufar gwamnatina.A cikin kundin manufofin jam'iyyarmu ta '''[[Wq/ha/KANU|KANU]]''', mun bayyana a fili cewa ba za mu nuna wariya saboda ƙabila, launin fata ko addini ba. Za mu yi wa 'yan Kenya duka adalci iri ɗaya, kuma dokokin Kenya za su shafi Turawa, Asiyawa da Afirkawa waɗanda suke 'yan ƙasar nan. Za a yi musu hukunci da adalci iri ɗaya. Ba za mu iya samun komai yadda muke so ba lokaci guda. Mun fara aiwatar da manufofinmu, kuma za mu ci gaba da bin su. * Ko ni Kirista ne ko a'a, wannan ba ruwanka ba ne. Mai Girma Kakakin Majalisa, ba ni da wani ƙarin bayani.Abokina, ina ganin tunaninka ya fara ƙarewa. Littafi Mai Tsarki ba mallakin wata ƙasa ko wata ƙungiyar mutane kaɗai ba ne; kowa na da damar yin ƙaulin sa, har da kai.Ba ni da wani abin da zan ƙara a kan amsar da na riga na bayar. Amma ina kira ga al'ummar Kenya da su farka su taimaki kansu.Na gode. 58nvcj62zwcy72rhalz9boo7vr1plyk 7240869 7240868 2026-07-06T10:30:04Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7240869 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jomo Kenyatta.jpg|thumb|right|Some [[Wq/ha/People|people]] try deliberately to exploit the colonial hangover for their own [[Wq/ha/Purpose|purpose]], to serve an external force. To us, [[Wq/ha/Communism|Communism]] is as bad as [[Wq/ha/Imperialism|imperialism]].]] [[Category:Wq/ha]] Jomo Kenyatta (20 ga Oktoba, 1892? – 22 ga Agusta, 1978) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Afirka. Shi ne Firayim Minista na farko (1963–1964) da kuma Shugaban Ƙasa na farko (1964–1978) na Kenya mai cin gashin kanta. An haife shi da suna '''Kamau wa Ngengi''', sannan aka yi masa baftisma da sunan '''John Peter''' a shekara ta 1914. Daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa '''Johnstone Kamau''', kafin daga ƙarshe ya ɗauki sunan '''Jomo Kenyatta'''. == zantuka == * Ba ni da niyyar ɗaukar fansa ko kuma ci gaba da waiwayar abubuwan da suka gabata. Za mu manta da abin da ya wuce, mu mai da hankali kan gina makoma mai kyau. <blockquote>(1964) Post-election statement. Virginia Morell, ''Ancestral Passions: The leakey Family and the Quest for Humankind's Beginnings'', Copyright 1995, Chapter 19, beginning</blockquote> * Allah ya ce wannan ita ce ƙasarmu, ƙasar da za mu bunƙasa a cikinta a matsayin al'umma... Muna son shanunmu su yi ƙiba a ƙasarmu domin 'ya'yanmu su tashi cikin wadata, kuma ba ma son a kwashe arzikin ƙasarmu don ciyar da wasu. * Sai dai idan muna da Gwamnati mai ƙwararrun jami'ai da za su iya tafiyar da ita, to gwamnatinmu za ta durƙushe gobe. Ina so jama'a su fahimci wannan: muna aiwatar da manufar '''[[Wq/ha/Afrikantawa (Africanization)|Afrikantawa (Africanization)]]''' tun bayan da muka karɓi ragamar mulki. Ana horar da mutane domin su riƙe mukamai daban-daban, kuma idan sun shirya, za mu ba su alhakin gudanar da waɗannan mukamai. Amma ba za mu ɗauki mutum saboda kawai baƙar fata ne mu ce, "To, kai ne za ka jagoranci wannan, kai kuma wancan." Dole ne mu koyi aiki ta hanyar gogewa, kuma wannan ita ce manufar gwamnatina.A cikin kundin manufofin jam'iyyarmu ta '''[[Wq/ha/KANU|KANU]]''', mun bayyana a fili cewa ba za mu nuna wariya saboda ƙabila, launin fata ko addini ba. Za mu yi wa 'yan Kenya duka adalci iri ɗaya, kuma dokokin Kenya za su shafi Turawa, Asiyawa da Afirkawa waɗanda suke 'yan ƙasar nan. Za a yi musu hukunci da adalci iri ɗaya. Ba za mu iya samun komai yadda muke so ba lokaci guda. Mun fara aiwatar da manufofinmu, kuma za mu ci gaba da bin su. * Ko ni Kirista ne ko a'a, wannan ba ruwanka ba ne. Mai Girma Kakakin Majalisa, ba ni da wani ƙarin bayani.Abokina, ina ganin tunaninka ya fara ƙarewa. Littafi Mai Tsarki ba mallakin wata ƙasa ko wata ƙungiyar mutane kaɗai ba ne; kowa na da damar yin ƙaulin sa, har da kai.Ba ni da wani abin da zan ƙara a kan amsar da na riga na bayar. Amma ina kira ga al'ummar Kenya da su farka su taimaki kansu.Na gode. * Tushen kowace gwamnati mai cin gashin kanta shi ne samun harshen ƙasa. Ba za mu ci gaba da kwaikwayon tsoffin masu mulkin mallakarmu ba. Duk wanda yake ganin ba zai iya rayuwa ba tare da Turanci ba, zai iya tattara kayansa ya tafi. dl7dzhv56nhpini3n5gpjk22xckka49 7240876 7240869 2026-07-06T10:42:09Z Manaf205 2595279 7240876 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jomo Kenyatta.jpg|thumb|right|Some [[Wq/ha/People|people]] try deliberately to exploit the colonial hangover for their own [[Wq/ha/Purpose|purpose]], to serve an external force. To us, [[Wq/ha/Communism|Communism]] is as bad as [[Wq/ha/Imperialism|imperialism]].]] [[Category:Wq/ha]] Jomo Kenyatta (20 ga Oktoba, 1892? – 22 ga Agusta, 1978) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewa ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Afirka. Shi ne Firayim Minista na farko (1963–1964) da kuma Shugaban Ƙasa na farko (1964–1978) na Kenya mai cin gashin kanta. An haife shi da suna '''Kamau wa Ngengi''', sannan aka yi masa baftisma da sunan '''John Peter''' a shekara ta 1914. Daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa '''Johnstone Kamau''', kafin daga ƙarshe ya ɗauki sunan '''Jomo Kenyatta'''. == zantuka == [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F021917-0014, Kenia, Staatsbesuch Bundespräsident Lübke.jpg|thumb|We state clearly that we are not going to discriminate because of race, colour or [[Wq/ha/Religion|religion]]. * Ba ni da niyyar ɗaukar fansa ko kuma ci gaba da waiwayar abubuwan da suka gabata. Za mu manta da abin da ya wuce, mu mai da hankali kan gina makoma mai kyau. <blockquote>(1964) Post-election statement. Virginia Morell, ''Ancestral Passions: The leakey Family and the Quest for Humankind's Beginnings'', Copyright 1995, Chapter 19, beginning</blockquote> * Allah ya ce wannan ita ce ƙasarmu, ƙasar da za mu bunƙasa a cikinta a matsayin al'umma... Muna son shanunmu su yi ƙiba a ƙasarmu domin 'ya'yanmu su tashi cikin wadata, kuma ba ma son a kwashe arzikin ƙasarmu don ciyar da wasu. * Sai dai idan muna da Gwamnati mai ƙwararrun jami'ai da za su iya tafiyar da ita, to gwamnatinmu za ta durƙushe gobe. Ina so jama'a su fahimci wannan: muna aiwatar da manufar '''[[Wq/ha/Afrikantawa (Africanization)|Afrikantawa (Africanization)]]''' tun bayan da muka karɓi ragamar mulki. Ana horar da mutane domin su riƙe mukamai daban-daban, kuma idan sun shirya, za mu ba su alhakin gudanar da waɗannan mukamai. Amma ba za mu ɗauki mutum saboda kawai baƙar fata ne mu ce, "To, kai ne za ka jagoranci wannan, kai kuma wancan." Dole ne mu koyi aiki ta hanyar gogewa, kuma wannan ita ce manufar gwamnatina.A cikin kundin manufofin jam'iyyarmu ta '''[[Wq/ha/KANU|KANU]]''', mun bayyana a fili cewa ba za mu nuna wariya saboda ƙabila, launin fata ko addini ba. Za mu yi wa 'yan Kenya duka adalci iri ɗaya, kuma dokokin Kenya za su shafi Turawa, Asiyawa da Afirkawa waɗanda suke 'yan ƙasar nan. Za a yi musu hukunci da adalci iri ɗaya. Ba za mu iya samun komai yadda muke so ba lokaci guda. Mun fara aiwatar da manufofinmu, kuma za mu ci gaba da bin su. * Ko ni Kirista ne ko a'a, wannan ba ruwanka ba ne. Mai Girma Kakakin Majalisa, ba ni da wani ƙarin bayani.Abokina, ina ganin tunaninka ya fara ƙarewa. Littafi Mai Tsarki ba mallakin wata ƙasa ko wata ƙungiyar mutane kaɗai ba ne; kowa na da damar yin ƙaulin sa, har da kai.Ba ni da wani abin da zan ƙara a kan amsar da na riga na bayar. Amma ina kira ga al'ummar Kenya da su farka su taimaki kansu.Na gode. * Tushen kowace gwamnati mai cin gashin kanta shi ne samun harshen ƙasa. Ba za mu ci gaba da kwaikwayon tsoffin masu mulkin mallakarmu ba. Duk wanda yake ganin ba zai iya rayuwa ba tare da Turanci ba, zai iya tattara kayansa ya tafi. 8llwwp8xdq2rq1s745cg6sckq4uk7vk 10 3786356 7240847 2026-07-06T10:19:09Z ङघिञ 2644823 Created page with "<includeonly>{{#switch:{{lc:{{#titleparts:{{Delink|{{{1|}}}}}|1|1}} }} |animalia|animal = rgb(0, 255, 128) |archaea|nanoarchaeota|nanarchaeota|euryarchaeota|crenarchaeota|thaumarchaeota|korarchaeota = rgb(195,245,250) |archaeplastida|plantae|plant|viridiplantae = rgb(0, 191, 255) |bacteria|firmicutes|eubacteria = rgb(253, 188, 180) |eukaryota|eukarya|excavata|excavates|protista|protists|amoebozoa|opisthokonta|choanozoa = rgb(255, 240, 245) |fungi = rgb(128, 255, 0) |ichn..." 7240847 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{lc:{{#titleparts:{{Delink|{{{1|}}}}}|1|1}} }} |animalia|animal = rgb(0, 255, 128) |archaea|nanoarchaeota|nanarchaeota|euryarchaeota|crenarchaeota|thaumarchaeota|korarchaeota = rgb(195,245,250) |archaeplastida|plantae|plant|viridiplantae = rgb(0, 191, 255) 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}, ["àixī"] = { "愛惜", "愛西" }, ["āiyāo"] = { "哎唷", "哎喲" }, ["āiyō"] = { "哎..." 7240857 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} export.list = { ["ābà"] = { "阿壩", "阿爸" }, ["àidài"] = { "愛戴", "靉靆" }, ["āidào"] = { "哀悼", "挨到" }, ["àidíshēng"] = { "愛迪生", "艾狄生", "艾迪生" }, ["āiháo"] = { "哀嚎", "哀號" }, ["àikǒu"] = { "礙口", "隘口" }, ["àilìsī"] = { "愛麗絲", "艾麗絲" }, ["àiróng"] = { "艾絨", "艾茸" }, ["àixī"] = { "愛惜", "愛西" }, ["āiyāo"] = { "哎唷", "哎喲" }, ["āiyō"] = { "哎唷", "哎喲" }, ["àizībìng"] = { "愛滋病", "艾滋病" }, ["ājiě"] = { "阿姊", "阿姐" }, ["āmǔ"] = { "阿姆", "阿母" }, ["ānbù"] = { "安瓿", "安部" }, ["ānchún"] = { "安純", "鵪鶉" }, ["àndànwúguāng"] = { "暗淡無光", "黯淡無光" }, ["ānjí"] = { "安吉", "安輯" }, ["ànjì"] = { "暗計", "暗記" }, ["ānjī"] = { "氨基", "胺基" }, ["ànjiàn"] = { "按劍", "按鍵", "暗劍", "暗箭", "案件" }, ["ānjìng"] = { "安靖", "安靜" }, ["ānjīsuān"] = { "氨基酸", "胺基酸" }, ["ānjīyǐsuān"] = { "氨基乙酸", "胺基乙酸" }, ["ānkāng"] = { "安康", "鮟鱇" }, ["ānpèi"] = { "安沛", "鞍轡" }, ["ànqì"] = { "暗器", "暗泣" }, ["ànrán"] = { "岸然", "黯然" }, ["ànshā"] = { "暗殺", "暗沙" }, ["ānshān"] = { "安山", "鞍山" }, ["ānshì"] = { "安士", "安適" }, ["ànshì"] = { "暗事", "暗室", "暗示" }, ["ānsuān"] = { "氨酸", "胺酸" }, ["ānxī"] = { "安息", "安西", "安溪", "諳悉" }, ["ānxí"] = { "安息", "諳習" }, ["ànxiāng"] = { "暗箱", "暗香" }, ["ānyì"] = { "安藝", "安逸", "安邑" }, ["ànyǔ"] = { "按語", "案語", "暗語", "犴圄" }, ["àokè"] = { "奧客", "拗客" }, ["àoményuán"] = { "澳門元", "澳門圓" }, ["āoxiàn"] = { "凹線", "凹陷" }, ["àozhōu"] = { "奧州", "澳洲" }, ["āsīpǐlín"] = { "阿司匹林", "阿斯匹林" }, ["āxì"] = { "錒系", "阿細" }, ["bābā"] = { "巴巴", "粑粑" }, ["bābālā"] = { "巴巴拉", "芭芭拉" }, ["bābǐ"] = { "巴比", "芭比" }, ["bái'ānsuān"] = { "白氨酸", "白胺酸" }, ["báibān"] = { "白斑", "白班" }, ["bǎibù"] = { "擺佈", "百步", "百部" }, ["báichī"] = { "白吃", "白痴" }, ["bǎidù"] = { "擺渡", "百度" }, ["báifán"] = { "白帆", "白礬" }, ["báihú"] = { "白狐", "白鵠" }, ["báihuà"] = { "白化", "白樺", "白話" }, ["báijí"] = { "白及", "白芨" }, ["báijī"] = { "白芨", "白雞" }, ["báilù"] = { "白露", "白鷺", "白鹿" }, ["báimiàn"] = { "白面", "白麵" }, ["báishí"] = { "白石", "白食" }, ["bǎishì"] = { "百世", "百事" }, ["báiyáng"] = { "白楊", "白羊" }, ["bàiyè"] = { "拜謁", "敗葉" }, ["báizhǐ"] = { "白紙", "白芷" }, ["bālí"] = { "巴厘", "巴黎" }, ["bàlíng"] = { "霸凌", "霸陵" }, ["bālù"] = { "八路", "巴錄" }, ["bǎnběn"] = { "坂本", "板本", "版本" }, ["bànchéng"] = { "半程", "扮成" }, ["bāncì"] = { "班次", "頒賜" }, ["bàndǎo"] = { "半島", "絆倒" }, ["bāndòng"] = { "扳動", "搬動" }, ["bànfàn"] = { "伴飯", "拌飯" }, ["bāngdí"] = { "梆笛", "邦廸", "邦迪" }, ["bànguāng'ānsuān"] = { "半胱氨酸", "半胱胺酸" }, ["bāngzi"] = { "幫子", "梆子" }, ["bǎnhuà"] = { "板話", "版畫" }, ["bānhén"] = { "斑痕", "瘢痕" }, ["bānjī"] = { "扳機", "班基", "班機" }, ["bānjí"] = { "班吉", "班級" }, ["bǎnkuài"] = { "板塊", "版塊" }, ["bānmǎ"] = { "斑馬", "班馬", "班瑪" }, ["bǎnmiàn"] = { "板麵", "版面" }, ["bànshì"] = { "半世", "辦事" }, ["bǎnzhǔ"] = { "板主", "版主" }, ["bānzi"] = { "扳子", "班子" }, ["bǎo'ān"] = { "保安", "寶安" }, ["bǎobǎo"] = { "保保", "寶寶" }, ["bǎobiāo"] = { "保鏢", "保鑣" }, ["bàobiǎo"] = { "報表", "爆錶" }, ["bàobìng"] = { "抱病", "暴病" }, ["bàochóu"] = { "報仇", "報讎", "報酬" }, ["bàochóuxuěhèn"] = { "報仇雪恨", "報讎雪恨" }, ["bàodào"] = { "報到", "報道" }, ["bàofā"] = { "暴發", "爆發" }, ["bàofù"] = { "報復", "抱腹", "抱負", "暴富" }, ["bāogān"] = { "包乾", "胞苷" }, ["bàoguān"] = { "報官", "報關", "抱關" }, ["bàoguāng"] = { "暴光", "曝光" }, ["bāohán"] = { "包含", "包涵" }, ["bǎohé"] = { "寶盒", "飽和" }, ["bàohèn"] = { "報恨", "抱恨" }, ["bàohóng"] = { "暴洪", "爆紅" }, ["bàojià"] = { "報價", "報架" }, ["bǎojiàn"] = { "保健", "保薦", "寶劍", "寶鑑" }, ["bàoliào"] = { "報料", "爆料" }, ["bàolì"] = { "暴利", "暴力", "暴厲", "暴吏", "暴戾" }, ["bàoliè"] = { "暴烈", "爆烈", "爆裂" }, ["bǎomǔ"] = { "保姆", "褓姆", "保母", "鴇母" }, ["bǎonuǎn"] = { "保暖", "飽暖" }, ["bǎoshān"] = { "保山", "寶山" }, ["bàoshí"] = { "報時", "暴食" }, ["bǎoshí"] = { "寶石", "飽食" }, ["bàotóu"] = { "報頭", "暴投", "爆頭", "骲頭", "抱頭" }, ["bàoxiào"] = { "報效", "爆笑" }, ["bāoyī"] = { "包衣", "胞衣" }, ["bǎoyù"] = { "保育", "寶玉" }, ["bǎozhí"] = { "保值", "保質" }, ["bàozi"] = { "刨子", "報子", "豹子", "鉋子" }, ["bǎshì"] = { "把勢", "把式" }, ["bǎshǒu"] = { "把守", "把手" }, ["bāxiān"] = { "八仙", "巴仙" }, ["bàyè"] = { "霸業", "罷業", "伯業" }, ["bàzhàn"] = { "罷戰", "霸佔", "霸占" }, ["bāzhōng"] = { "巴中", "八中" }, ["bēicuī"] = { "悲催", "悲摧" }, ["bèidào"] = { "倍道", "背道" }, ["bèifèn"] = { "備份", "輩分" }, ["bèifú"] = { "被俘", "被服" }, ["bēiguān"] = { "卑官", "悲觀" }, ["bèihuò"] = { "備貨", "背貨", "貝貨", "被禍", "悖惑" }, ["běijiāng"] = { "北江", "北疆" }, ["bēijù"] = { "悲劇", "杯具", "卑劇" }, ["běikǎluóláinà"] = { "北卡羅來納", "北卡羅萊納" }, ["bèikǎo"] = { "備考", "焙烤" }, ["bèimiàn"] = { "背面", "被面" }, ["bēimíng"] = { "悲鳴", "杯茗", "碑銘" }, ["bèimiù"] = { "悖謬", "背謬" }, ["bèináng"] = { "背囊", "被囊" }, ["bēiqiè"] = { "卑怯", "悲切" }, ["bèishòu"] = { "備受", "倍受" }, ["bèishū"] = { "背書", "貝書" }, ["bèisī"] = { "貝司", "貝斯" }, ["bèitāi"] = { "備胎", "被胎" }, ["bèizi"] = { "被子", "輩子" }, ["běnbǐng'ānsuān"] = { "苯丙氨酸", "苯丙胺酸" }, ["běndìhuà"] = { "本地化", "本地話" }, ["běnshì"] = { "本事", "本市", "本是" }, ["běnxī"] = { "本息", "本溪" }, ["běnyì"] = { "本意", "本義" }, ["běnzhì"] = { "本志", "本質" }, ["běnzhí"] = { "本職", "本質" }, ["biànchéng"] = { "汴城", "變成" }, ["biānchéng"] = { "編成", "編程", "邊城" }, ["biānfú"] = { "蝙蝠", "邊幅" }, ["biàngé"] = { "變格", "變革" }, ["biànhuàn"] = { "變幻", "變換" }, ["biānjí"] = { "編輯", "編集" }, ["biànjié"] = { "便捷", "變節" }, ["biànlì"] = { "便利", "遍歷" }, ["biànqiān"] = { "便籤", "變遷" }, ["biànshì"] = { "便士", "便是", "辨識", "遍視" }, ["biàntài"] = { "變態", "變泰" }, ["biànwèi"] = { "變位", "變味" }, ["biànxíng"] = { "變形", "遍行" }, ["biànyì"] = { "變易", "變異", "辨義" }, ["biǎnyì"] = { "貶抑", "貶義" }, ["biànyú"] = { "便於", "編餘", "遍於" }, ["biànzhèng"] = { "辨證", "辯證", "辯正", "辨正", "辨症" }, ["biānzhì"] = { "編制", "編製" }, ["biǎnzhí"] = { "貶值", "貶職" }, ["biāogāo"] = { "標高", "飆高" }, ["biāohàn"] = { "彪悍", "飆汗" }, ["biǎoyì"] = { "表意", "表義" }, ["biǎoyìwénzì"] = { "表意文字", "表義文字" }, ["biǎozhāng"] = { "表彰", "表章" }, ["biāozhì"] = { "標緻", "標誌", "標幟" }, ["biǎozi"] = { "婊子", "表子" }, ["biéguǎn"] = { "別管", "別館" }, ["biējiǎ"] = { "鱉甲", "鼈甲" }, ["bǐhuà"] = { "比畫", "比劃", "筆畫", "筆劃" }, ["bìhuì"] = { "避諱", "閉會" }, ["bǐjì"] = { "筆記", "筆跡" }, ["bǐjià"] = { "比價", "筆架" }, ["bǐjiān"] = { "比肩", "筆尖" }, ["bìlì"] = { "壁立", "篳篥", "薜荔", "觱栗", "觱篥" }, ["bǐlì"] = { "比例", "筆力" }, ["bǐlù"] = { "筆路", "筆錄" }, ["bìmǎwēn"] = { "弼馬溫", "避馬瘟" }, ["bìmén"] = { "篳門", "閉門" }, ["bìmìng"] = { "斃命", "畢命" }, ["bǐng'ānsuān"] = { "丙氨酸", "丙胺酸" }, ["bīngdòng"] = { "冰凍", "冰洞" }, ["bǐngfù"] = { "秉賦", "稟复", "稟復", "稟複", "稟覆", "稟賦" }, ["bǐnggān"] = { "丙肝", "餅乾" }, ["bīnghé"] = { "冰核", "冰河" }, ["bīngjiàn"] = { "兵艦", "兵諫", "冰見" }, ["bìnglì"] = { "並立", "併力", "病例", "病歷" }, ["bǐngqì"] = { "屏棄", "屏氣" }, ["bīngshì"] = { "兵事", "兵勢", "兵士", "冰室", "冰釋" }, ["bìngshǐ"] = { "病史", "病室", "並矢" }, ["bǐngxìng"] = { "秉性", "稟性" }, ["bīngyuán"] = { "兵員", "兵源", "冰原" }, ["bìngyuán"] = { "病原", "病員", "病源" }, ["bìngzhēng"] = { "病徵", "病癥" }, ["bìngzhòng"] = { "並重", "病重" }, ["bìnjiǎo"] = { "鬢角", "鬢腳", "臏腳", "髕腳" }, ["bīnzhōu"] = { "濱州", "彬州", "邠州", "豳州", "賓州" }, ["bǐsà"] = { "彼薩", "比薩" }, ["bǐsàbǐng"] = { "彼薩餅", "比薩餅" }, ["bìsè"] = { "蔽塞", "閉塞" }, ["bǐshì"] = { "比試", "筆勢", "筆式", "筆試", "鄙視" }, ["bìshì"] = { "避世", "壁飾", "閉市", "幣市", "避事", "拂士" }, ["bǐshǒuhuàjiǎo"] = { "比手劃腳", "比手畫腳" }, ["bìxié"] = { "辟邪", "避邪" }, ["bǐxīn"] = { "筆芯", "筆心", "比心", "鄙心" }, ["bìxiù"] = { "壁宿", "畢宿" }, ["bìxū"] = { "必需", "必須" }, ["bíyān"] = { "鼻咽", "鼻煙" }, ["bìyì"] = { "敝邑", "裨益", "辟易", "避役" }, ["bǐyì"] = { "比翼", "筆意", "筆譯", "鄙意" }, ["bìyù"] = { "碧玉", "璧玉", "閉域", "斃獄" }, ["bǐzhí"] = { "比值", "筆直" }, ["bìzi"] = { "箅子", "篦子" }, ["bǐzuò"] = { "吡唑", "比作" }, ["bōchū"] = { "撥出", "播出" }, ["bōdòng"] = { "撥動", "波動" }, ["bōfú"] = { "播幅", "波幅" }, ["bógǔ"] = { "薄古", "薄姑", "博古" }, ["bójīn"] = { "鉑金", "帛金" }, ["bókè"] = { "博客", "搏克" }, ["bōlán"] = { "波瀾", "波蘭" }, ["bólì"] = { "伯力", "薄利" }, ["bōluó"] = { "波羅", "菠蘿" }, ["bōluómì"] = { "波羅蜜", "菠蘿蜜" }, ["bómù"] = { "柏木", "薄暮" }, ["bōnong"] = { "撥弄", "播弄" }, ["bōpǔ"] = { "波譜", "波普" }, ["bóqí"] = { "荸薺", "葧薺" }, ["bóshì"] = { "博士", "博識" }, ["bōshù"] = { "波束", "波數" }, ["bówén"] = { "僰文", "博文", "博聞" }, ["bówù"] = { "博物", "薄霧" }, ["bóxīng"] = { "勃興", "孛星" }, ["bóyì"] = { "博弈", "駁議" }, ["bōyīn"] = { "播音", "波音" }, ["bōzhǒng"] = { "嶓冢", "播種" }, ["bùbì"] = { "不必", "不避" }, ["bùbiàn"] = { "不便", "不變", "不辨" }, ["bùchéng"] = { "不成", "布城" }, ["bùdān"] = { "不丹", "不單" }, ["bùdào"] = { "佈道", "布道", "步道" }, ["bùdiàn"] = { "布店", "布甸" }, ["bùfá"] = { "不乏", "步伐" }, ["bùfǎ"] = { "不法", "步法" }, ["bùfáng"] = { "不妨", "布防" }, ["bùfù"] = { "不復", "不赴" }, ["bùfú"] = { "不服", "不符", "步幅" }, ["bùgān"] = { "不乾", "不干", "不甘" }, ["bùgōng"] = { "不公", "不恭" }, ["bùhé"] = { "不合", "不和" }, ["búhuì"] = { "不會", "不諱" }, ["bùjí"] = { "不及", "不吉", "布吉", "簿籍" }, ["bùjué"] = { "不絕", "不覺" }, ["bǔkè"] = { "卜課", "補課" }, ["bùliào"] = { "布料", "不料" }, ["bùlì"] = { "不利", "不力", "怖栗", "簿歷" }, ["bùmǎn"] = { "不滿", "布滿" }, ["bùqū"] = { "不屈", "部曲" }, ["bùshèn"] = { "不慎", "不甚" }, ["bùshì"] = { "不世", "不是", "不識", "不適" }, ["bùshí"] = { "不實", "不時", "不識", "布什" }, ["bùshǔ"] = { "部屬", "部署" }, ["bùxiáng"] = { "不祥", "不詳" }, ["bùxiào"] = { "不孝", "不肖" }, ["bùxiè"] = { "不屑", "不懈", "不謝" }, ["bùxíng"] = { "不形", "不行", "步行" }, ["bǔyǎng"] = { "哺養", "補養" }, ["bùyī"] = { "不一", "不依", "布依", "布衣" }, ["bùyì"] = { "不亦", "不意", "不易", "不義" }, ["bùyí"] = { "不宜", "不移", "不遺" }, ["bùyǔ"] = { "不予", "不語" }, ["bùzài"] = { "不再", "不在" }, ["bùzhèn"] = { "布陣", "部陣" }, ["bùzhǐ"] = { "不只", "不止" }, ["bùzhī"] = { "不支", "不知" }, ["bùzhì"] = { "佈置", "部置" }, ["búzhì"] = { "不治", "不致" }, ["bùzhìyú"] = { "不至於", "不致於" }, ["bùzhǔn"] = { "不准", "不準" }, ["bùzi"] = { "步子", "簿子", "餔子" }, ["bùzú"] = { "不足", "步卒", "部族", "部卒", "步足" }, ["càidì"] = { "菜地", "采地", "寀地" }, ["cáiduó"] = { "裁奪", "裁度" }, ["cǎifēng"] = { "採風", "采風" }, ["cáifù"] = { "才賦", "財富" }, ["cáijiǎn"] = { "裁剪", "裁減" }, ["cǎiléi"] = { "彩雷", "踩雷" }, ["cáilì"] = { "才力", "財力" }, ["cáiliáng"] = { "裁量", "財糧" }, ["càipǔ"] = { "菜圃", "菜譜" }, ["cáiqì"] = { "才氣", "財氣" }, ["cáiwù"] = { "財務", "財物", "才悟", "材物" }, ["cáiyuán"] = { "裁員", "財源", "才媛" }, ["cáizhì"] = { "才智", "材質", "裁製" }, ["cǎndàn"] = { "慘淡", "慘澹", "黲淡" }, ["cānghuáng"] = { "倉惶", "倉皇", "蒼黃" }, ["cānyù"] = { "參與", "參預" }, ["cáozi"] = { "槽子", "艚子" }, ["cèjìn"] = { "側近", "策進" }, ["cēncī"] = { "參差", "嵾嵳" }, ["cèshì"] = { "側室", "側視", "測試", "策士" }, ["chāchí"] = { "叉匙", "差池" }, ["chádào"] = { "查到", "茶道" }, ["chádiǎn"] = { "查點", "茶點" }, ["cháfǎng"] = { "察訪", "查訪" }, ["cháfáng"] = { "查房", "茶房" }, ["chāhuà"] = { "插畫", "插話" }, ["chájī"] = { "查緝", "茶几" }, ["chájué"] = { "察覺", "查覺" }, ["chákān"] = { "察勘", "查勘" }, ["chákàn"] = { "察看", "查看" }, ["chángdì"] = { "場地", "常棣" }, ["chǎngdì"] = { "場地", "敞地" }, ["chángdù"] = { "腸肚", "長度" }, ["chángdùn"] = { "長噸", "長盾" }, ["chángguǎn"] = { "場館", "腸管" }, ["chánghé"] = { "場合", "長河" }, ["chángjǐng"] = { "場景", "常景", "長井" }, ["chángjiǔ"] = { "常久", "長久" }, ["chángmìng"] = { "償命", "長命" }, ["chángnián"] = { "常年", "長年" }, ["chángqí"] = { "長崎", "長期" }, ["chángshān"] = { "常山", "長山", "長衫" }, ["chángshè"] = { "常設", "長社" }, ["chángshì"] = { "嘗試", "常事", "常侍", "常是", "常識", "長逝" }, ["chángshí"] = { "常時", "常識", "常食", "長時", "長石" }, ["chángshòu"] = { "嘗受", "長壽" }, ["chángtǒngwà"] = { "長筒襪", "長統襪" }, ["chángwěi"] = { "常委", "長尾" }, ["chángyán"] = { "常言", "腸炎", "腸癌" }, ["chángyè"] = { "腸液", "長夜" }, ["chǎngzhǎng"] = { "場長", "廠長" }, ["chángzhōu"] = { "常州", "長洲" }, ["chǎngzi"] = { "場子", "廠子" }, ["chángzi"] = { "場子", "腸子" }, ["chǎnqián"] = { "產前", "產鉗" }, ["chányán"] = { "讒言", "饞言" }, ["cháo'ěr"] = { "朝爾", "潮爾" }, ["cháofèng"] = { "嘲諷", "朝奉" }, ["chāojí"] = { "抄擊", "抄籍", "超級" }, ["chāojíběn"] = { "超極本", "超級本" }, ["chāoshēng"] = { "超升", "超生", "超聲" }, ["chāoxí"] = { "剿襲", "抄襲" }, ["chāoxiě"] = { "抄寫", "鈔寫" }, ["cháoxué"] = { "巢穴", "潮學" }, ["cháoyáng"] = { "朝陽", "潮陽" }, ["chāshǒu"] = { "叉手", "插手" }, ["chātóu"] = { "差頭", "插頭" }, ["chāyāo"] = { "叉腰", "插腰" }, ["cháyè"] = { "查夜", "茶業", "茶葉" }, ["chàzi"] = { "岔子", "杈子" }, ["chēchén"] = { "車塵", "車臣" }, ["chējiàn"] = { "車前", "車葥" }, ["chénfú"] = { "沉浮", "臣服" }, ["chéngbàn"] = { "懲辦", "承辦" }, ["chéngcái"] = { "成才", "成材" }, ["chéngdé"] = { "成德", "承德" }, ["chēnggāntiàogāo"] = { "撐桿跳高", "撐竿跳高" }, ["chénghuáng"] = { "城隍", "橙黃" }, ["chéngjī"] = { "乘機", "乘積", "成績" }, ["chéngjiàn"] = { "乘間", "城建", "成見", "承建" }, ["chéngjiāo"] = { "城郊", "成交" }, ["chénglì"] = { "成例", "成立" }, ["chéngmǎ"] = { "乘馬", "成馬" }, ["chéngrén"] = { "成人", "成仁" }, ["chéngsè"] = { "成色", "橙色" }, ["chéngshì"] = { "乘勢", "呈示", "城事", "城市", "成事", "承事", "程式", "誠是" }, ["chéngshí"] = { "乘時", "誠實" }, ["chéngshù"] = { "乘數", "橙樹" }, ["chénguāng"] = { "晨光", "辰光" }, ["chéngwén"] = { "呈文", "成文" }, ["chéngxiàn"] = { "呈獻", "呈現" }, ["chéngxiàng"] = { "丞相", "成像", "成象" }, ["chéngxìn"] = { "乘釁", "誠信" }, ["chéngxīn"] = { "成心", "誠心" }, ["chéngxíng"] = { "成型", "成形", "成行" }, ["chéngxùyuán"] = { "程序員", "程序猿", "程序媛" }, ["chéngyì"] = { "城邑", "懲役", "誠意" }, ["chéngyuán"] = { "城垣", "成員" }, ["chéngzài"] = { "承載", "乘載" }, ["chéngzhì"] = { "懲治", "承製", "誠摯" }, ["chéngzhōu"] = { "乘舟", "成周", "成州" }, ["chéngzhǔ"] = { "城主" , "盛貯" }, ["chénmò"] = { "沉沒", "沉默" }, ["chènqián"] = { "稱錢", "趁錢" }, ["chénshì"] = { "塵世", "塵事", "臣事" }, ["chénwù"] = { "塵務", "塵霧" }, ["chènxīn"] = { "稱心", "趁心" }, ["chényín"] = { "沈吟", "沉吟" }, ["chēpéng"] = { "車棚", "車篷" }, ["chēqián"] = { "車前", "車葥", "車錢" }, ["chèxiāo"] = { "徹消", "撤消", "撤銷" }, ["chēzhǎng"] = { "車掌", "車長" }, ["chídào"] = { "遲到", "馳道" }, ["chìdì"] = { "斥地", "赤地", "赤帝" }, ["chǐdù"] = { "尺度", "齒蠹" }, ["chìfēng"] = { "敕封", "赤峰" }, ["chǐgǔ"] = { "尺骨", "恥骨", "齒骨" }, ["chíhuǎn"] = { "弛緩", "遲緩" }, ["chìlì"] = { "斥力", "赤痢" }, ["chìliè"] = { "熾烈", "赤鴷" }, ["chítáng"] = { "池塘", "池堂" }, ["chīxiào"] = { "嗤笑", "痴笑" }, ["chíyán"] = { "池鹽", "遲延" }, ["chìzé"] = { "叱責", "斥責", "赤幘" }, ["chízi"] = { "匙子", "池子" }, ["chōngchōng"] = { "忡忡", "憧憧", "衝衝" }, ["chōngcì"] = { "沖刺", "衝刺" }, ["chōngfèn"] = { "充份", "充分" }, ["chóngfù"] = { "重復", "重複" }, ["chōngjī"] = { "充飢", "冲激", "沖積", "衝擊" }, ["chóngmíng"] = { "崇明", "重明", "重名" }, ["chóngqìng"] = { "重慶", "崇慶" }, ["chōngshí"] = { "充實", "沖蝕" }, ["chōngxǐ"] = { "沖喜", "沖洗" }, ["chóngyáng"] = { "崇洋", "重洋", "重陽" }, ["chóngzhì"] = { "蟲豸", "重置" }, ["chóuchàng"] = { "惆悵", "酬唱" }, ["chóuhuà"] = { "籌劃", "籌畫" }, ["chǒuhuà"] = { "醜化", "醜話" }, ["chóurén"] = { "仇人", "稠人" }, ["chōuxiànghuà"] = { "抽象化", "抽象畫" }, ["chóuzi"] = { "籌子", "綢子" }, ["chuàngjiàn"] = { "創建", "創見" }, ["chuǎngjìn"] = { "闖勁", "闖進" }, ["chuāngkǒu"] = { "創口", "瘡口", "窗口" }, ["chuànglì"] = { "創利", "創立" }, ["chuàngshìjì"] = { "創世紀", "創世記" }, ["chuángzhào"] = { "床照", "床罩" }, ["chuánpiào"] = { "傳票", "船票" }, ["chuánshì"] = { "傳世", "傳示", "傳貰" }, ["chuánsòng"] = { "傳誦", "傳送", "傳頌" }, ["chuányì"] = { "傳意", "傳譯" }, ["chuānyuè"] = { "川越", "穿越" }, ["chūbǎn"] = { "出版", "初版" }, ["chúcǎo"] = { "鋤草", "除草" }, ["chūchǎng"] = { "出場", "出廠" }, ["chūgé"] = { "出格", "出閣" }, ["chūgōng"] = { "出宮", "出工", "出恭" }, ["chūguǐ"] = { "出軌", "出鬼" }, ["chūháng"] = { "出航", "初航" }, ["chuílián"] = { "垂憐", "垂簾" }, ["chūjí"] = { "初級", "初吉", "出籍", "出擊" }, ["chūjià"] = { "出價", "出嫁" }, ["chūjiè"] = { "出借", "出界" }, ["chùlì"] = { "畜力", "矗立" }, ["chúxī"] = { "除夕", "除息" }, ["chǔncái"] = { "蠢才", "蠢材" }, ["chúnhòu"] = { "淳厚", "純厚", "醇厚" }, ["chūnhuà"] = { "春化", "春畫" }, ["chūnjì"] = { "春季", "春祭" }, ["chǔnǚzuò"] = { "處女作", "處女座" }, ["chūshēng"] = { "出生", "出聲", "初升", "初生", "初聲" }, ["chùsheng"] = { "畜牲", "畜生" }, ["chùshēng"] = { "畜牲", "畜生" }, ["chūshì"] = { "出世", "出事", "出仕", "出示", "初試" }, ["chūshǐ"] = { "出使", "初始" }, ["chúshī"] = { "廚師", "除濕" }, ["chǔshì"] = { "處世", "處事", "處士", "處室" }, ["chūshǒu"] = { "出手", "出首" }, ["chūtóu"] = { "出頭", "初頭" }, ["chūxiàn"] = { "出現", "出線" }, ["chúxíng"] = { "雛型", "雛形" }, ["chūzhàn"] = { "出戰", "初戰", "出站", "初綻" }, ["chūxuě"] = { "出血", "初雪" }, ["chūzhěn"] = { "出診", "初診" }, ["chǔzhì"] = { "處治", "處置" }, ["chūzhōng"] = { "初中", "初衷" }, ["cíchén"] = { "詞臣", "辭塵" }, ["cíchéng"] = { "茨城", "辭呈" }, ["cígū"] = { "慈姑", "慈菇", "茨菰" }, ["cìhòu"] = { "伺候", "次後" }, ["címù"] = { "茨木", "詞目" }, ["cíqì"] = { "瓷器", "磁器", "辭氣" }, ["cìshēn"] = { "刺參", "刺身" }, ["císhí"] = { "瓷實", "磁石" }, ["cítóu"] = { "磁頭", "詞頭" }, ["cíxìng"] = { "磁性", "詞性", "雌性" }, ["cíxíng"] = { "詞形", "辭行" }, ["cíyì"] = { "詞意", "詞義" }, ["cíyuán"] = { "詞源", "辭源" }, ["cízǔ"] = { "詞組", "磁阻" }, ["cōngcōng"] = { "匆匆", "蔥蔥", "鏦鏦" }, ["cuàngǎi"] = { "竄改", "篡改" }, ["cuànnì"] = { "竄匿", "篡逆" }, ["cùjìn"] = { "促進", "醋勁" }, ["cūlǔ"] = { "粗魯", "粗鹵" }, ["cuòshī"] = { "措施", "錯失" }, ["cùxīn"] = { "簇新", "醋心" }, ["dà'ài"] = { "大礙", "大愛" }, ["dǎbāo"] = { "打包", "打苞" }, ["dàbiàn"] = { "大便", "大變" }, ["dábiàn"] = { "答辨", "答辯" }, ["dàbù"] = { "大埔", "大步" }, ["dǎchà"] = { "打岔", "打杈" }, ["dàchéng"] = { "大乘", "大城", "大成" }, ["dádá"] = { "達達", "韃靼", "怛怛" }, ["dàdì"] = { "大地", "大帝" }, ["dǎdié"] = { "打碟", "打疊", "打迭", "打跌" }, ["dǎdòu"] = { "打逗", "打鬥" }, ["dàdù"] = { "大度", "大肚" }, ["dǎdǔn"] = { "打盹", "打躉" }, ["dǎdǔnr"] = { "打盹兒", "打躉兒" }, ["dàfáng"] = { "大房", "大防" }, ["dàfú"] = { "大幅", "大福" }, ["dàgōng"] = { "大公", "大功", "大工" }, ["dǎgōng"] = { "打工", "打恭", "打躬" }, ["dàgū"] = { "大姑", "小姑" }, ["dàgǔ"] = { "大谷", "大鼓" }, ["dǎgǔ"] = { "打穀", "打鼓" }, ["dàguān"] = { "大官", "大觀" }, ["dàguǎn"] = { "大管", "大館" }, ["dàhé"] = { "大和", "大河" }, ["dàhuǒ"] = { "大夥", "大火" }, ["dǎhuǒ"] = { "打夥", "打火" }, ["dàidiàn"] = { "代墊", "代電", "帶電" }, ["dàigōu"] = { "代溝", "帶鉤" }, ["dàijià"] = { "代價", "代駕" }, ["dàijìn"] = { "帶勁", "帶進", "殆盡" }, ["dàikè"] = { "代課", "待客" }, ["dàilǐng"] = { "代領", "帶領" }, ["dǎishì"] = { "歹事", "歹勢" }, ["dàizi"] = { "帶子", "袋子" }, ["dàjì"] = { "大薊", "大計" }, ["dàjiàng"] = { "大將", "大醬" }, ["dàjiě"] = { "大姐", "大解" }, ["dàjūn"] = { "大君", "大軍" }, ["dàlǎo"] = { "大佬", "大老" }, ["dàlù"] = { "大路", "大陸", "大鹿" }, ["dǎmǎ"] = { "打碼", "打馬" }, ["dàmá"] = { "大蔴", "大麻" }, ["dàmǎ"] = { "大碼", "大馬" }, ["dàn'ānsuān"] = { "蛋氨酸", "蛋胺酸" }, ["dànbó"] = { "淡泊", "淡薄" }, ["dānchéng"] = { "丹誠", "單程" }, ["dāndān"] = { "單單", "眈眈" }, ["dàndìng"] = { "淡定", "蛋腚" }, ["dāndú"] = { "丹毒", "單獨" }, ["dàngfù"] = { "蕩婦", "蕩覆" }, ["dāngshì"] = { "當世", "當事" }, ["dāngshí"] = { "當實", "當時" }, ["dǎngyǔ"] = { "擋雨", "黨羽", "黨與" }, ["dǎngzhèng"] = { "黨政", "黨證" }, ["dàngzuò"] = { "當作", "當做" }, ["dànhuà"] = { "淡化", "淡話", "氮化" }, ["dànhuáng"] = { "淡黃", "蛋黃" }, ["dānjià"] = { "單價", "擔架" }, ["dānjù"] = { "丹劇", "單句", "單據" }, ["dànké"] = { "彈殼", "蛋殼" }, ["dānkǒngmù"] = { "单孔目", "單孔目" }, ["dānníng"] = { "丹寧", "單寧" }, ["dànqīng"] = { "淡青", "蛋清" }, ["dānshēn"] = { "丹參", "丹蔘", "單身" }, ["dǎnshí"] = { "膽石", "膽識" }, ["dāntiāo"] = { "單挑", "擔挑" }, ["dànxī"] = { "旦夕", "氮烯" }, ["dānxiàng"] = { "單向", "單相" }, ["dānxīn"] = { "丹心", "擔心", "殫心" }, ["dānyī"] = { "單一", "單衣" }, ["dànzi"] = { "彈子", "擔子" }, ["dǎnzi"] = { "撣子", "膽子" }, ["dào'àn"] = { "到案", "盜案" }, ["dàocháng"] = { "到場", "道場" }, ["dàochǎng"] = { "到場", "道場" }, ["dàocí"] = { "悼詞", "悼辭" }, ["dǎodàn"] = { "導彈", "搗蛋" }, ["dàodé"] = { "到得", "道德" }, ["dǎogé"] = { "倒戈", "倒閣" }, ["dàogē"] = { "倒戈", "悼歌" }, ["dàoguàn"] = { "倒灌", "道觀" }, ["dàojiā"] = { "到家", "道家" }, ["dāojiàn"] = { "刀劍", "刀箭" }, ["dǎojiào"] = { "倒嚼", "倒噍" }, ["dàojiào"] = { "道教", "道滘" }, ["dāojù"] = { "刀具", "刀鋸" }, ["dàolǐ"] = { "道理", "道裡", "道里", "道禮", "稻醴" }, ["dàomù"] = { "盜墓", "道木" }, ["dàoqí"] = { "到期", "到齊" }, ["dàoshì"] = { "倒是", "道士" }, ["dàoxíng"] = { "倒行", "道行" }, ["dǎoyǔ"] = { "島嶼", "導語", "禱雨" }, ["dàpáidàng"] = { "大排檔", "大牌檔" }, ["dàpáidǎng"] = { "大排檔", "大牌檔" }, ["dàqì"] = { "大器", "大氣" }, ["dàquán"] = { "大全", "大權" }, ["dàrén"] = { "大人", "大仁" }, ["dàrénbùjìxiǎorénguò"] = { "大人不計小人過", "大人不記小人過" }, ["dǎsǎn"] = { "打傘", "打散" }, ["dàshèng"] = { "大乘", "大勝", "大聖" }, ["dàshì"] = { "大事", "大勢", "大士" }, ["dàshū"] = { "大叔", "大書" }, ["dàshù"] = { "大數", "大樹" }, ["dàsì"] = { "大四", "大肆" }, ["dàtǒng"] = { "大桶", "大筒", "大統" }, ["dàwèi"] = { "大位", "大衛" }, ["dàwù"] = { "大務", "大悟" }, ["dàxià"] = { "大夏", "大廈" }, ["dàyáng"] = { "大洋", "大陽" }, ["dǎyàng"] = { "打樣", "打烊" }, ["dàyī"] = { "大一", "大衣", "大醫" }, ["dàyì"] = { "大意", "大義" }, ["dàyú"] = { "大庾", "大於" }, ["dàyǔ"] = { "大禹", "大語", "大雨" }, ["dàyuán"] = { "大員", "大圓", "大圜" }, ["dàzhì"] = { "大志", "大智", "大致" }, ["dàzhǐ"] = { "大旨", "大趾" }, ["dāzi"] = { "搭子", "褡子" }, ["dédào"] = { "得到", "得道" }, ["dékèsàsī"] = { "得克薩斯", "德克薩斯" }, ["délì"] = { "得利", "得力" }, ["délǜfēng"] = { "得律風", "德律風" }, ["délǔyī"] = { "德魯伊", "德鲁伊" }, ["déméiyīn"] = { "得梅因", "德梅因" }, ["dēngjī"] = { "登基", "登機" }, ["dēnglù"] = { "登錄", "登陸" }, ["dèngzi"] = { "凳子", "鐙子" }, ["déshì"] = { "得勢", "得士", "德士" }, ["déxìng"] = { "德性", "德行" }, ["déyǐ"] = { "得以", "德乙" }, ["déyì"] = { "得意", "得益" }, ["diǎnbō"] = { "點撥", "點播" }, ["diànchǎng"] = { "電場", "電廠" }, ["diàngǎn"] = { "電感", "電桿" }, ["diànhuà"] = { "電化", "電話" }, ["diǎnjí"] = { "典籍", "點擊" }, ["diànjī"] = { "奠基", "電擊", "電機" }, ["diànjì"] = { "奠祭", "惦記" }, ["diànjí"] = { "電擊", "電極" }, ["diǎnjī"] = { "點擊", "點飢", "點積" }, ["diānkuáng"] = { "顛狂", "癲狂" }, ["diànmén"] = { "店門", "電門" }, ["diǎnmíng"] = { "點名", "點明" }, ["diànqì"] = { "電器", "電氣" }, ["diànshì"] = { "殿試", "電勢", "電視" }, ["diànwū"] = { "店屋", "玷污" }, ["diànxià"] = { "奠下", "殿下" }, ["diànyóu"] = { "電郵", "靛油" }, ["diànyuán"] = { "店員", "電源" }, ["diàodài"] = { "吊帶", "吊袋" }, ["diàoxiàn"] = { "吊線", "掉線", "釣線" }, ["diàoyútáiqúndǎo"] = { "釣魚台群島", "釣魚臺群島" }, ["diàozhēn"] = { "吊針", "掉幀" }, ["diàozi"] = { "吊子", "調子", "銚子" }, ["dìbǎo"] = { "地保", "地堡" }, ["dìdào"] = { "地道", "帝道" }, ["dìdòng"] = { "地動", "地洞" }, ["diéxuè"] = { "喋血", "蹀血", "啑血", "涉血" }, ["dīfáng"] = { "堤防", "提防" }, ["dìjī"] = { "地基", "地積" }, ["dìjiāo"] = { "締交", "遞交" }, ["dìlì"] = { "地利", "地力", "地栗", "帝力" }, ["dìngdān"] = { "定單", "訂單" }, ["dīngdāng"] = { "丁當", "叮噹", "叮當" }, ["dìngdìng"] = { "定定", "訂定" }, ["dīngdōng"] = { "丁冬", "叮咚" }, ["dǐngfēng"] = { "頂峰", "頂風" }, ["dìnggòu"] = { "定購", "訂購" }, ["dìnghuò"] = { "定貨", "訂貨" }, ["dìnglì"] = { "定例", "定力", "訂立" }, ["dìnglǐ"] = { "定理", "定禮" }, ["dǐnglì"] = { "鼎力", "鼎立" }, ["dīngníng"] = { "叮嚀", "丁寧", "耵聹" }, ["dìngshūjī"] = { "訂書機", "釘書機" }, ["dìngwèi"] = { "定位", "訂位" }, ["dìngxíng"] = { "定型", "定形" }, ["dǐngzhēn"] = { "頂真", "頂針" }, ["dìqì"] = { "地契", "地氣" }, ["dìshì"] = { "地勢", "帝室", "諦視" }, ["díshì"] = { "敵視", "的士" }, ["dìtuī"] = { "递推", "地推" }, ["dìwèi"] = { "地位", "帝位" }, ["dǐxiàn"] = { "底線", "底限" }, ["dìxiàn"] = { "地線", "地陷" }, ["dìyī"] = { "地衣", "第一" }, ["díyì"] = { "嫡裔", "敵意" }, ["dìyù"] = { "地域", "地獄" }, ["dìzhì"] = { "地質", "帝制", "遞質" }, ["dìzhí"] = { "地質", "遞質" }, ["dòngbīng"] = { "凍冰", "動兵" }, ["dōngbùzhōu"] = { "東㳍洲", "東布洲" }, ["dōngdōng"] = { "東東", "鼕鼕" }, ["dōngguā"] = { "冬瓜", "東瓜" }, ["dònghè"] = { "恫喝", "恫嚇" }, ["dōngjiā"] = { "東加", "東家" }, ["dōngjīng"] = { "東京", "東經" }, ["dòngliáng"] = { "棟梁", "棟樑" }, ["dǒngshì"] = { "懂事", "董事" }, ["dòngtǔ"] = { "凍土", "動土" }, ["dōngyíng"] = { "東瀛", "東營" }, ["dòngyuán"] = { "凍原", "動員" }, ["dōngyuè"] = { "冬月", "東嶽" }, ["dòujī"] = { "豆雞", "鬥雞" }, ["dòumiáo"] = { "痘苗", "豆苗" }, ["dòushì"] = { "豆豉", "鬥士" }, ["dòuzhì"] = { "鬥志", "鬥智" }, ["duàndài"] = { "斷代", "緞帶" }, ["duānlì"] = { "端粒", "端麗" }, ["duànzi"] = { "段子", "緞子" }, ["dùguò"] = { "度過", "渡過" }, ["duìbù"] = { "對簿", "隊部" }, ["duìhuàn"] = { "兌換", "對換" }, ["duìqí"] = { "對棋", "對齊", "隊旗" }, ["duìyì"] = { "對奕", "對譯" }, ["duìyuán"] = { "對圓", "隊員" }, ["duìzhèng"] = { "對症", "對證" }, ["duìzhì"] = { "對峙", "對治", "對置", "對質" }, ["dújiǎoxì"] = { "獨腳戲", "獨角戲" }, ["dùkǒu"] = { "杜口", "渡口" }, ["dúlì"] = { "獨力", "獨立" }, ["dùnhépànluósītuōfū"] = { "頓河畔羅斯托夫", "頓河畔羅斯託夫" }, ["duōshì"] = { "多事", "多士", "多市" }, ["duòshǒu"] = { "剁手", "舵手" }, ["duōyú"] = { "多於", "多餘" }, ["dúshé"] = { "毒舌", "毒蛇" }, ["dúwù"] = { "毒物", "毒霧", "讀物" }, ["dúyán"] = { "毒言", "讀研" }, ["dǔzhù"] = { "堵住", "賭注" }, ["èguǐ"] = { "惡鬼", "餓鬼" }, ["èguó"] = { "俄國", "鄂國" }, ["èhuà"] = { "惡化", "顎化", "齶化" }, ["èliè"] = { "惡劣", "齶裂" }, ["éméi"] = { "峨嵋", "峨眉", "蛾眉" }, ["éméishān"] = { "峨嵋山", "峨眉山" }, ["èmèng"] = { "噩夢", "惡夢" }, ["ēnshī"] = { "恩師", "恩施" }, ["èryǎnghuàxī"] = { "二氧化矽", "二氧化錫", "二氧化硒" }, ["èxìng"] = { "惡性", "惡行" }, ["éyán"] = { "俄延", "訛言" }, ["èyì"] = { "惡意", "遏抑" }, ["éyǔ"] = { "俄語", "俄雨" }, ["èyùn"] = { "惡運", "噩運", "厄運" }, ["ézi"] = { "蛾子", "額子" }, ["fāfèn"] = { "發奮", "發憤" }, ["fǎgǔ"] = { "法古" , "法鼓" }, ["fǎjì"] = { "法紀", "髮髻" }, ["fājué"] = { "發掘", "發覺" }, ["fàláng"] = { "法郎", "髮廊" }, ["fǎláng"] = { "法郎", "髮廊" }, ["fànběn"] = { "梵本", "範本" }, ["fǎncháng"] = { "反常", "返場" }, ["fǎnchǎng"] = { "返場", "返廠" }, ["fànchóu"] = { "犯愁", "範疇" }, ["fānchuán"] = { "帆船", "翻船" }, ["fǎnchúnxiāngjī"] = { "反脣相稽", "反脣相譏" }, ["fǎnfù"] = { "反復", "反覆" }, ["fāngcè"] = { "方冊", "方策" }, ["fángfǔ"] = { "防府", "防腐" }, ["fāngjì"] = { "方劑", "方技" }, ["fāngjīn"] = { "方今", "方巾" }, ["fǎngōng"] = { "反攻", "返工" }, ["fàngqì"] = { "放棄", "放氣" }, ["fàngshēng"] = { "放生", "放聲" }, ["fángshì"] = { "坊市", "妨事", "房事", "房室", "房市", "防蝕" }, ["fāngshì"] = { "坊市", "方士", "方式" }, ["fāngtīng"] = { "方亭", "芳烴" }, ["fǎngǔ"] = { "反古", "反骨" }, ["fāngwèi"] = { "方位", "芳味" }, ["fánlí"] = { "樊籬", "藩籬" }, ["fànlì"] = { "範例", "飯粒" }, ["fānrán"] = { "幡然", "翻然", "番然", "憣然", "飜然" }, ["fánrén"] = { "凡人", "煩人" }, ["fánshì"] = { "凡事", "凡是", "繁峙" }, ["fǎnshì"] = { "反噬", "反是", "反式" }, ["fānshǔ"] = { "番薯", "藩屬" }, ["fánsuǒ"] = { "煩瑣", "繁瑣" }, ["fànwén"] = { "梵文", "範文" }, ["fànyì"] = { "梵譯", "泛溢", "犯意" }, ["fànyīn"] = { "梵音", "泛音" }, ["fǎnyìng"] = { "反應", "反映" }, ["fànyǔ"] = { "梵宇", "梵語" }, ["fānyuè"] = { "翻越", "翻閱" }, ["fǎnzhèng"] = { "反正", "反證" }, ["fǎnzhì"] = { "反制", "反智" }, ["fārénshēnxǐng"] = { "發人深省", "發人深醒" }, ["fāshēng"] = { "發生", "發聲" }, ["fǎshī"] = { "法師", "法施" }, ["fāxiàn"] = { "發現", "發見" }, ["fǎxiàng"] = { "法相", "法像", "法象" }, ["fāxiào"] = { "發笑", "發酵" }, ["fāyán"] = { "發炎", "發言" }, ["fǎyī"] = { "法衣", "法醫" }, ["fǎyuán"] = { "法援", "法源", "法緣" }, ["fǎzhì"] = { "法制", "法治" }, ["fēidàn"] = { "非但", "飛彈" }, ["fèidiǎn"] = { "廢典", "沸點" }, ["fèilì"] = { "廢立", "費力" }, ["féilì"] = { "肥力", "腓利" }, ["fēilǜbīn"] = { "菲律濱", "菲律賓" }, ["fèiqì"] = { "廢棄", "廢氣" }, ["fēishāzǒushí"] = { "飛沙走石", "飛砂走石" }, ["fēixíng"] = { "飛行", "非刑", "非行" }, ["fèiyán"] = { "肺炎", "肺癌" }, ["fēiyì"] = { "非裔", "非議" }, ["fēiyú"] = { "飛魚", "鯡魚" }, ["fēiyuè"] = { "飛越", "飛躍" }, ["fèizhǐ"] = { "廢址", "廢止", "廢紙" }, ["fēnbiàn"] = { "分辨", "分辯" }, ["fēnbù"] = { "分佈", "分部" }, ["fēnchà"] = { "分叉", "分岔", "分杈", "分汊" }, ["fēnchéng"] = { "分成", "紛呈" }, ["fènfèn"] = { "忿忿", "憤憤" }, ["fēnfù"] = { "分付", "吩咐", "分赴", "芬馥" }, ["fēngcǎi"] = { "丰采", "風采" }, ["fēngcháo"] = { "蜂巢", "風潮" }, ["fēngchén"] = { "封臣", "風塵" }, ["fēngchéng"] = { "豐成", "封城" }, ["fēngchuān"] = { "封川", "豐川" }, ["fēngdiào"] = { "瘋掉", "風調" }, ["fēngdù"] = { "豐度", "風度" }, ["fēngháng"] = { "封航", "風航" }, ["fēnghòu"] = { "封后", "蜂后", "豐厚" }, ["fēnghuà"] = { "瘋話", "風化" }, ["fēnghuǒ"] = { "烽火", "風火" }, ["fēngkǒu"] = { "封口", "風口" }, ["fēnglì"] = { "鋒利", "風力" }, ["fēngmào"] = { "豐茂", "風帽", "風貌" }, ["fēngmiàn"] = { "封面", "鋒面" }, ["fēngniǎo"] = { "蜂鳥", "風鳥" }, ["fēngqiáo"] = { "楓橋", "豐橋" }, ["fēngshā"] = { "封殺", "風沙" }, ["fēngshàn"] = { "封禪", "風扇" }, ["fēngshén"] = { "封神", "風神" }, ["fēngshèng"] = { "封聖", "豐盛" }, ["fēngtáng"] = { "楓糖", "蜂糖" }, ["fēngtóu"] = { "風頭", "鋒頭", "風投", "峰頭"}, ["fēngtǔ"] = { "封土", "風土" }, ["fēngxiàng"] = { "封相", "風向" }, ["fēngxiāng"] = { "蜂箱", "風箱" }, ["fēngyī"] = { "風衣", "封一" }, ["fēngyùn"] = { "丰韻", "風韻" }, ["fēngzī"] = { "豐姿", "風姿" }, ["fēnhóng"] = { "分洪", "分紅" }, ["fēnliè"] = { "分列", "分裂" }, ["fēnliú"] = { "分流", "分餾" }, ["fěnmiàn"] = { "粉面", "粉麵" }, ["fènnù"] = { "奮怒", "忿怒", "憤怒" }, ["fēnqí"] = { "分期", "分歧" }, ["fēnwéi"] = { "分為", "氛圍" }, ["fēnzhēng"] = { "分爭", "紛爭" }, ["fēnzhī"] = { "分之", "分支", "分枝" }, ["fǔbài"] = { "俯拜", "腐敗" }, ["fùběn"] = { "副本", "複本", "附本" }, ["fùbì"] = { "復辟", "腹壁" }, ["fǔbì"] = { "撫髀", "輔幣", "輔弼" }, ["fúbīng"] = { "伏兵", "浮冰" }, ["fùchá"] = { "復查", "複查" }, ["fúchén"] = { "拂塵", "浮塵", "浮沉" }, ["fùchū"] = { "付出", "復出" }, ["fúdì"] = { "伏地", "福地" }, ["fùdiàn"] = { "複電", "負電" }, ["fùdú"] = { "複讀", "復讀" }, ["fúfèn"] = { "福分", "蝠鱝" }, ["fǔfú"] = { "俯伏", "黼黻" }, ["fùguó"] = { "富國", "復國" }, ["fùhé"] = { "復合", "複合", "複核", "覆核" }, ["fùhè"] = { "負荷", "附和" }, ["fùhuì"] = { "傅會", "赴會", "附會" }, ["fújī"] = { "伏擊", "扶乩", "扶箕" }, ["fùjì"] = { "附寄", "附記", "附驥" }, ["fùjiā"] = { "富家", "附加" }, ["fùjiàn"] = { "復健", "附件" }, ["fǔjūn"] = { "府君", "撫軍" }, ["fùkān"] = { "副刊", "復刊" }, ["fùkē"] = { "婦科", "副科", "傅科" }, ["fùlǐ"] = { "富里", "腹裏" }, ["fùlì"] = { "富麗", "複利" }, ["fúlì"] = { "扶立", "浮力", "福利" }, ["fúlíng"] = { "扶靈", "茯苓", "涪陵" }, ["fúlù"] = { "伏路", "福祿" }, ["fùmò"] = { "腹膜", "覆沒" }, ["fūpí"] = { "膚皮", "麩皮" }, ["fùqì"] = { "付訖", "負氣" }, ["fúqì"] = { "服氣", "福氣" }, ["fúqiǎn"] = { "浮淺", "浮潛" }, ["fùrén"] = { "婦人", "富人" }, ["fúsāng"] = { "服喪", "扶桑", "扶喪" }, ["fùshāng"] = { "富商", "負傷" }, ["fùshěn"] = { "复审", "復審" }, ["fúshì"] = { "伏事", "拂拭", "服事", "服侍", "服式", "服飾", "浮世" }, ["fùshí"] = { "副食", "富實" }, ["fùshì"] = { "富士", "複式", "複試" }, ["fúshí"] = { "服食", "浮石" }, ["fǔshí"] = { "腐蝕", "釜石" }, ["fùshǒu"] = { "副手", "覆手", "負手" }, ["fùshù"] = { "富庶", "復述", "複述", "複數", "負數" }, ["fúshū"] = { "扶疏", "服輸" }, ["fùshǔ"] = { "負鼠", "附屬" }, ["fúshuǐ"] = { "浮水", "鳧水", "符水", "伏水", "福水" }, ["fùshuǐ"] = { "洑水", "腹水" }, ["fútè"] = { "伏特", "福特" }, ["fútú"] = { "浮圖", "浮屠" }, ["fùxí"] = { "複習", "赴席" }, ["fúxiàn"] = { "伏線", "浮現" }, ["fùxīn"] = { "腹心", "負心", "負薪", "阜新" }, ["fùxìng"] = { "複姓", "復姓", "複性", "覆姓", "負性", "賦性", "父性" }, ["fùyán"] = { "附言", "複鹽", "副研" }, ["fùyàn"] = { "赴宴", "複驗" }, ["fǔyǎng"] = { "俯仰", "撫養" }, ["fùyáng"] = { "阜陽", "富陽", "復陽" }, ["fùyè"] = { "副業", "父業", "複葉" }, ["fùyì"] = { "復議", "負義", "附議" }, ["fúyì"] = { "扶翼", "服役" }, ["fùyìn"] = { "付印", "複印" }, ["fùyǒu"] = { "富友", "富有", "複有", "負有", "賦有", "附有" }, ["fúyóu"] = { "浮游", "蜉蝣" }, ["fùyǔ"] = { "付與", "腹語", "賦予" }, ["fùyú"] = { "富於", "富餘", "負於", "負隅", "附於", "鮒愚", "鰒魚" }, ["fùyù"] = { "富裕", "馥郁" }, ["fǔyù"] = { "撫喻", "撫育", "撫諭" }, ["fùyuán"] = { "富源", "復原", "復員" }, ["fùyuē"] = { "負約", "赴約" }, ["fùzé"] = { "負責", "附則" }, ["fǔzhèng"] = { "斧正", "輔政" }, ["fùzhí"] = { "副職", "復執", "復職", "父執", "負值", "賦值" }, ["fúzhí"] = { "扶植", "扶直" }, ["fùzhòng"] = { "複種", "負重" }, ["fúzhù"] = { "扶助", "縛住" }, ["fùzhù"] = { "縛住", "附注" }, ["fùzǐ"] = { "付梓", "父子", "附子" }, ["gába"] = { "嘎叭", "嘎巴" }, ["gǎidìng"] = { "改定", "改訂" }, ["gàilán"] = { "芥藍", "芥蘭" }, ["gàilüè"] = { "概略", "概要" }, ["gàimá"] = { "幹嗎", "幹嘛" }, ["gàishù"] = { "概數", "概述" }, ["gàmá"] = { "幹嗎", "幹嘛" }, ["gān'ānsuān"] = { "甘氨酸", "甘胺酸" }, ["gāncǎo"] = { "乾草", "甘草" }, ["gǎndào"] = { "感到", "趕到" }, ["gānfàn"] = { "乾飯", "干犯" }, ["gāngà"] = { "尲尬", "尷尬" }, ["gāngcái"] = { "剛才", "鋼材" }, ["gāngguǎn"] = { "缸管", "鋼管", "肛管" }, ["gāngmáo"] = { "剛毛", "肛毛" }, ["gǎngshì"] = { "港市", "港式" }, ["gānguǒ"] = { "乾果", "柑果" }, ["gānguō"] = { "乾鍋", "坩堝" }, ["gāngyào"] = { "剛要", "綱要" }, ["gānjiāng"] = { "乾薑", "干將" }, ["gānjú"] = { "柑橘", "甘菊" }, ["gǎnkǎi"] = { "感嘅", "感慨" }, ["gànmá"] = { "幹嗎", "幹嘛" }, ["gǎnqíng"] = { "感情", "敢情", "趕情" }, ["gānshuǐ"] = { "泔水", "乾水", "甘水" }, ["gānsù"] = { "甘肅", "肝素" }, ["gānxīn"] = { "乾薪", "甘心" }, ["gānyán"] = { "肝炎", "肝癌" }, ["gānyóu"] = { "甘油", "肝油" }, ["gānzhè"] = { "甘蔗", "竿蔗" }, ["gānzi"] = { "杆子", "柑子", "竿子" }, ["gāofēng"] = { "高峰", "高風" }, ["gāojià"] = { "高價", "高架" }, ["gǎojiàn"] = { "稿件", "稿薦" }, ["gāoliáng"] = { "膏粱", "高梁", "高樑", "高粱", "高涼" }, ["gāolú"] = { "高爐", "高盧" }, ["gāomén"] = { "皋門", "高門" }, ["gāoqiáng"] = { "高牆", "高強" }, ["gāoshēng"] = { "高升", "高聲" }, ["gāoshì"] = { "高士", "高市" }, ["gāotáng"] = { "高唐", "高堂", "高糖" }, ["gāoxiào"] = { "高效", "高校" }, ["gāoyáng"] = { "羔羊", "高陽", "高揚", "高颺" }, ["gāoyào"] = { "膏藥" }, ["gāoyú"] = { "膏腴", "高於", "皋魚", "高魚" }, ["gāozi"] = { "篙子", "羔子", "膏子" }, ["gāoyú"] = { "膏腴", "高於" }, ["gāzhiwō"] = { "夾肢窩", "胳肢窩" }, ["gèbié"] = { "個別", "各別" }, ["gègè"] = { "個個", "各個", "各各" }, ["gēge"] = { "咯咯", "哥哥" }, ["gējù"] = { "割據", "歌劇" }, ["gélí"] = { "蛤蜊", "隔離" }, ["gémó"] = { "膈膜", "隔膜" }, ["gémò"] = { "膈膜", "隔膜" }, ["gēngshēn"] = { "庚申", "更深" }, ["gēqǔ"] = { "歌曲", "割取" }, ["gēr"] = { "哥兒", "歌兒" }, ["gér"] = { "嗝兒", "格兒" }, ["gèrén"] = { "個人", "各人" }, ["géshì"] = { "格式", "隔世" }, ["gèwèi"] = { "個位", "各位" }, ["gēzhī"] = { "咯吱", "胳肢" }, ["gèzi"] = { "個子", "各子" }, ["gézi"] = { "格子", "閣子" }, ["gēzi"] = { "歌子", "鴿子" }, ["gōngbù"] = { "公佈", "公布", "工部" }, ["gōngchǎng"] = { "工場", "工廠" }, ["gōngchéng"] = { "宮城", "工程", "攻城", "功成", "恭城" }, ["gōngdān"] = { "工單", "公擔", "公單" }, ["gōngdào"] = { "公道", "弓道" }, ["gōngdé"] = { "公德", "功德" }, ["gōngdì"] = { "公地", "工地" }, ["gōngdiàn"] = { "供電", "宮殿" }, ["gōngdú"] = { "公牘", "工讀", "攻讀" }, ["gōngduàn"] = { "公斷", "工段" }, ["gōngfā"] = { "攻伐", "攻發" }, ["gōngfáng"] = { "公房", "工房", "攻防" }, ["gōngfēn"] = { "公分", "工分" }, ["gōngfu"] = { "功夫", "工夫" }, ["gōnggǔ"] = { "宮古", "肱骨" }, ["gōngguān"] = { "公關", "攻關" }, ["gōnghuì"] = { "公會", "工會", "公諱", "公賄" }, ["gōngjī"] = { "公積", "公雞", "功績", "攻擊" }, ["gōngjì"] = { "公祭", "功績" }, ["gòngjì"] = { "共計", "共濟", "供祭" }, ["gōngjià"] = { "功架", "工價", "工架" }, ["gōngjiàn"] = { "公建", "工件", "工建", "弓箭" }, ["gōngjiāo"] = { "公交", "工交" }, ["gōngjīn"] = { "公斤", "宮津" }, ["gōngjué"] = { "公決", "公爵" }, ["gōngkè"] = { "公克", "功課", "攻克" }, ["gōnglì"] = { "公例", "公曆", "公立", "功利", "功力", "工力" }, ["gōnglǐ"] = { "公理", "公里" }, ["gōngmíng"] = { "公明", "功名" }, ["gōngmǔ"] = { "公母", "公畝" }, ["gōngmù"] = { "公墓", "公募" }, ["gòngpǐn"] = { "供品", "貢品" }, ["gōngqí"] = { "宮崎", "工期" }, ["gōngqì"] = { "公器", "供氣", "公氣", "公契", "工氣", "公汽" }, ["gōngqián"] = { "工錢", "公錢" }, ["gōngrèn"] = { "供認", "公認" }, ["gōngrén"] = { "公人", "宮人", "工人", "弓人", "恭人" }, ["gōngshāng"] = { "工傷", "工商", "公傷", "宮商" }, ["gōngshè"] = { "公社", "公設" }, ["gōngshí"] = { "工時", "供石", "供食" }, ["gōngshǐ"] = { "公使", "宮室", "弓矢" }, ["gōngshì"] = { "公事", "公室", "公式", "公示", "宮室", "工事", "攻勢" }, ["gòngshí"] = { "共時", "共識" }, ["gòngshì"] = { "共事", "共識" }, ["gōngshǒu"] = { "弓手", "攻守" }, ["gōngshù"] = { "供述", "公署" }, ["gōngsī"] = { "公司", "公私" }, ["gōngtóu"] = { "公投", "工頭" }, ["gōngwéi"] = { "宮闈", "恭維", "攻圍" }, ["gōngwù"] = { "公務", "公物", "工務" }, ["gōngxiào"] = { "功效", "工效" }, ["gōngxīn"] = { "公心", "工薪", "攻心" }, ["gōngxíng"] = { "宮刑", "弓形", "躬行" }, ["gōngyè"] = { "公業", "功業", "宮掖", "工業", "恭謁" }, ["gōngyì"] = { "公意", "公益", "公義", "公議", "工役", "工藝" }, ["gōngyìng"] = { "供應", "公映" }, ["gōngyòng"] = { "供用", "公用", "功用" }, ["gōngyǒu"] = { "公有", "工友" }, ["gōngyú"] = { "公餘", "工於", "工餘" }, ["gōngyuán"] = { "公元", "公園" }, ["gōngzhèng"] = { "公正", "公證", "工正" }, ["gòubìng"] = { "詬病", "購併" }, ["gòubuzháo"] = { "夠不著/够不着", "構不著/构不着" }, ["gòudezháo"] = { "夠得著/够得着", "搆得著/构得着" }, ["gòujiàn"] = { "構件", "構建" }, ["gōulián"] = { "勾聯", "勾連" }, ["gōutōng"] = { "勾通", "溝通" }, ["gǔ'ānsuān"] = { "穀氨酸", "穀胺酸" }, ["guàbāo"] = { "刈包", "割包" }, ["guāhúdāo"] = { "刮胡刀", "刮鬍刀" }, ["guǎigùn"] = { "拐棍", "枴棍", "柺棍" }, ["guǎizhàng"] = { "拐杖", "枴杖", "柺杖" }, ["guān'ài"] = { "關愛", "關礙", "關隘" }, ["guàncháng"] = { "慣常", "灌腸" }, ["guāndǎo"] = { "官倒", "關島" }, ["guāngfú"] = { "光伏", "光福" }, ["guānghé"] = { "光合", "光和" }, ["guānghuá"] = { "光滑", "光華" }, ["guǎngxīzhuàngzúzìzhìqū"] = { "廣西壯族自治區", "廣西僮族自治區" }, ["guānjì"] = { "官紀", "官騎" }, ["guānlián"] = { "關聯", "關連" }, ["guānwēi"] = { "官威", "官微" }, ["guānyuán"] = { "官員", "關員" }, ["guānzhào"] = { "觀照", "關照" }, ["guànzhù"] = { "灌注", "貫注" }, ["guànzi"] = { "冠子", "罐子" }, ["guǎnzi"] = { "管子", "館子" }, ["guāpí"] = { "刮皮", "瓜皮" }, ["guàxiàn"] = { "掛線", "卦限" }, ["gǔbǎn"] = { "古板", "鼓板" }, ["gǔběn"] = { "古本", "股本" }, ["gūdān"] = { "估單", "孤單" }, ["gǔdìng"] = { "古定", "古錠" }, ["gǔdìngdāo"] = { "古定刀", "古錠刀" }, ["gūfù"] = { "姑父", "辜負" }, ["gǔgé"] = { "骨格", "骨骼" }, ["gùgōng"] = { "僱工", "故宮" }, ["gǔgǔ"] = { "汩汩", "股股", "股骨", "鼓鼓" }, ["gǔhuà"] = { "古畫", "古話", "骨化" }, ["gùhuà"] = { "固話", "固化", "顧化" }, ["gǔhuò"] = { "蠱惑", "鼓惑", "賈禍" }, ["guīchéng"] = { "歸程", "規程", "龜城" }, ["guǐdào"] = { "軌道", "鬼道" }, ["guīfàn"] = { "規範", "閨範" }, ["guīfèi"] = { "硅肺", "規費" }, ["guīgāng"] = { "硅鋼", "龜岡" }, ["guīgé"] = { "規格", "閨閣" }, ["guǐguài"] = { "詭怪", "鬼怪" }, ["guīhuà"] = { "歸化", "硅化", "規劃", "規化" }, ["guǐjì"] = { "詭計", "軌跡", "鬼計" }, ["guījiàn"] = { "規諫", "龜鑒" }, ["guīlì"] = { "瑰麗", "規例" }, ["guǐmèi"] = { "鬼妹", "鬼魅" }, ["guīnà"] = { "歸納", "規那" }, ["guīsù"] = { "歸宿", "龜速", "硅素" }, ["guītóu"] = { "龜頭", "圭頭", "歸投", "皈投" }, ["guìyuán"] = { "桂圓", "櫃員" }, ["guīzhāng"] = { "規章", "圭璋", "珪璋" }, ["guǐzi"] = { "鬼仔", "鬼子" }, ["gūjì"] = { "估計", "孤寂" }, ["gǔjī"] = { "古跡", "滑稽" }, ["gùjí"] = { "固疾", "痼疾", "錮疾", "顧及" }, ["gùjì"] = { "故伎", "顧忌" }, ["gǔjià"] = { "股價", "骨架" }, ["gǔkē"] = { "古柯", "骨科" }, ["gǔlì"] = { "古力", "古麗", "穀粒", "股利", "骨力", "鼓勵" }, ["gūlu"] = { "咕嚕", "軲轆", "骨碌" }, ["gǔmó"] = { "骨膜", "鼓膜" }, ["gǔnzi"] = { "滾子", "磙子", "輥子" }, ["guòdù"] = { "過度", "過渡" }, ["guóháng"] = { "國航", "國行" }, ["guójì"] = { "國祭", "國紀", "國計", "國際" }, ["guójūn"] = { "國君", "國軍" }, ["guólì"] = { "國利", "國力", "國曆", "國立" }, ["guòlǜ"] = { "過慮", "過濾" }, ["guǒluǒ"] = { "蜾蠃", "果臝" }, ["guóshì"] = { "國事", "國勢", "國是", "國士" }, ["guǒzhī"] = { "果汁", "果枝", "粿汁" }, ["guǒzi"] = { "果子", "餜子" }, ["gǔqì"] = { "骨器", "骨氣", "鼓氣" }, ["gǔshì"] = { "古式", "股市" }, ["gǔshí"] = { "古時", "穀食" }, ["gǔshū"] = { "古書", "鼓書" }, ["gùtài"] = { "固態", "故態" }, ["gǔwù"] = { "古物", "穀物" }, ["gǔxī"] = { "古稀", "股息" }, ["gùyōngbīng"] = { "僱傭兵", "雇佣兵", "雇傭兵" }, ["gùyǒu"] = { "固友", "固有", "故友", "故有" }, ["gǔyǔ"] = { "古語", "穀雨" }, ["gùyuán"] = { "僱員", "固原" }, ["gǔzhǎng"] = { "股掌", "股長", "鼓掌" }, ["gǔzhì"] = { "古制", "骨質" }, ["gùzhǔ"] = { "僱主", "故主", "顧主" }, ["gǔzi"] = { "穀子", "股子", "骨子" }, } return export r18fmq422i33yrjcgwsl5tzod7c6njp 828 3786358 7240858 2026-07-06T10:24:48Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local m_string_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local find = m_string_utils.find local gsub = m_string_utils.gsub local match = m_string_utils.match local gmatch = m_string_utils.gmatch local gsplit = mw.text.gsplit local lower = m_string_utils.lower local upper = m_string_utils.upper local initialConv = { ["б"] = "p", ["д"] = "t", ["г"] = "k", ["п"] = "pʰ", ["т"] = "tʰ", ["к"] = "kʰ", ["з"] = "t͡s", ["җ"] = "ʈ͡ʂ",..." 7240858 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_string_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local find = m_string_utils.find local gsub = m_string_utils.gsub local match = m_string_utils.match local gmatch = m_string_utils.gmatch local gsplit = mw.text.gsplit local lower = m_string_utils.lower local upper = m_string_utils.upper local initialConv = { ["б"] = "p", ["д"] = "t", ["г"] = "k", ["п"] = "pʰ", ["т"] = "tʰ", ["к"] = "kʰ", ["з"] = "t͡s", ["җ"] = "ʈ͡ʂ", ["ц"] = "t͡sʰ", ["ч"] = "ʈ͡ʂʰ", ["м"] = "m", ["н"] = "n", ["ң"] = "ŋ", ["ф"] = "f", ["с"] = "s", ["ш"] = "ʂ", ["щ"] = "ɕ", ["х"] = "x", ["в"] = "v", ["л"] = "l", ["ж"] = "ʐ", ["й"] = "", ["р"] = "l", [""] = "", } local finalConv = { ["ы"] = "z̩", -- ["эр"] = "ɛɻ", ["а"] = "a", ["о"] = "ɔ", ["ә"] = "ə", ["э"] = "ɛ", ["ый"] = "ei", ["у"] = "ou", ["ан"] = "æ̃", ["ын"] = "əŋ", ["он"] = "ɑŋ", ["ун"] = "uŋ", ["и"] = "i", ["я"] = "ia", ["е"] = "iə", ["ё"] = "iɔː", ["ю"] = "iou", ["ян"] = "iæ̃", ["ин"] = "iŋ", ["ён"] = "iɑŋ", ["ў"] = "u", ["уа"] = "ua", ["уэ"] = "uɛ", ["уә"] = "uə", ["уэй"] = "uɛi", ["уй"] = "uei", ["уан"] = "uæ̃", ["уон"] = "uɑŋ", ["ү"] = "y", ["үә"] = "yə", ["үан"] = "yæ̃", ["үн"] = "yŋ", } local toneConv = { ["1"] = "²⁴", ["2"] = "⁵¹", ["3"] = "⁴⁴", ["0"] = "⁰", } local function fix(initial, final) if find(initial, '[бпмфв]') and final == 'у' then final = 'ў' end return initial, final end local function warn(initial, final, tone) if not initialConv[initial] then error("Invalid initial: " .. initial) end if not finalConv[final] then error("Invalid final: " .. final) end if tone == "4" then error("Tone 4 currently not supported") end end function export.convert(text, scheme) if type(text) == "table" then text, scheme = text.args[1], text.args[2] end local result = {} for word in gsplit(text, '/') do local converted = {} local extra2 = match(word, '^[^бдзҗгптцчкмнңфсшщхвлжйБДЗҖГПТЦЧКМНҢФСШЩХВЛЖЙыаәэоуияеёюўүЫАӘЭОУИЯЕЁЮЎҮйнр]*') for syllable in gmatch(word, '[бдзҗгптцчкмнңфсшщхвлжйБДЗҖГПТЦЧКМНҢФСШЩХВЛЖЙыаәэоуияеёюўүЫАӘЭОУИЯЕЁЮЎҮйнр]+[%d][^бдзҗгптцчкмнңфсшщхвлжйБДЗҖГПТЦЧКМНҢФСШЩХВЛЖЙыаәэоуияеёюўүЫАӘЭОУИЯЕЁЮЎҮйнр]*') do local initial, final, erhua, tone, extra = match(syllable, '^([бдзҗгптцчкмнңфсшщхвлжйрБДЗҖГПТЦЧКМНҢФСШЩХВЛЖЙР]?)([ыаәэоуияеёюўүЫАӘЭОУИЯЕЁЮЎҮйн]+)(р?)([%d])([^бдзҗгптцчкмнңфсшщхвлжйБДЗҖГПТЦЧКМНҢФСШЩХВЛЖЙыаәэоуияеёюўүЫАӘЭОУИЯЕЁЮЎҮйнр]*)$') local caps = false initial = initial or '' if find(initial .. final, '[бдзҗгптцчкмнңфсшщхвлжйБДЗҖГПТЦЧКМНҢФСШЩХВЛЖЙыаәэоуияеёюўүЫАӘЭОУИЯЕЁЮЎҮйнр]') then caps = true initial, final = lower(initial), lower(final) end warn(initial, final, tone) initial, final = fix(initial, final) --[[ if final == 'э' and erhua == 'р' then final, erhua = 'эр', '' end ]]-- if scheme == 'IPA' then initial = initialConv[initial] final = finalConv[final] tone = toneConv[tone] --[[ if erhua == 'r' then if find(final, '^y') then -- 撮口呼 final = 'yɚ' elseif find(final, '^i') then -- 齊齒呼 final = 'iɚ' elseif find(final, '^u') then -- 合口呼 final = 'uɚ' elseif (final == 'o' or final == 'oŋ') and find(initial, '^[pmfv]') then final = 'ɚ' elseif final == 'o' or final == 'oŋ' then final = 'uɚ' else -- 開口呼 final = 'ɚ' end end --]] if erhua == 'р' then if final == 'z̩' then final = 'əɻ' elseif find(final, '[iy]$') then final = final .. 'əɻ' else final = final .. 'ɻ' end end syllable = initial .. final .. tone syllable = gsub(syllable, 'ʈ͡ʂ(ʰ?[iĩy])', 't͡ɕ%1') syllable = gsub(syllable, 'ʂ(ʰ?[iĩy])', 'ɕ%1') syllable = gsub(syllable, '(ʂʰ?)z̩', '%1ʐ̩') syllable = gsub(syllable, 'ʐz̩', 'ʐ̩') table.insert(converted, syllable) else error('Convert to what representation?') end end if scheme == 'IPA' then local text = '/' .. table.concat(converted, ' ') .. '/' table.insert(result, text) end end if scheme == 'IPA' then return table.concat(result, ', ') end end function export.process(text) local readings = {} for reading in gsplit(text, '/') do local tones = {} for tone in gmatch(reading, '%d+') do tone = gsub(tone, "([123])", {["1"] = "I", ["2"] = "II", ["3"] = "III"}) table.insert(tones, tone) end local cyr = gsub(reading, '%d', '') local lat = require('Module:Wt/mnc/dng-translit').tr(cyr, nil, 'Cyrl') table.insert(readings, string.format("[[%s#Dungan|%s]] (%s, %s)", cyr, cyr, lat, table.concat(tones, '-'))) end return table.concat(readings, ' / ') end return export 8jnckl1oyr0pw8uti76uhhdd2bunuhi 828 3786359 7240860 2026-07-06T10:25:11Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local tt = { ['Б'] = 'B', ['П'] = 'P', ['М'] = 'M', ['Ф'] = 'F', ['В'] = 'V', ['Д'] = 'D', ['Т'] = 'T', ['Н'] = 'N', ['Л'] = 'L', ['З'] = 'Z', ['Ц'] = 'C', ['С'] = 'S', ['Җ'] = 'Ž', ['Ч'] = 'Č', ['Ш'] = 'Š', ['Ж'] = 'Ř', --[[ Җ J ]] --[[ Č Q ]] ['Щ'] = 'X', ['Г'] = 'G', ['К'] = 'K', ['Ң'] = 'Ŋ', ['Х'] = 'H', ['Р'..." 7240860 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local tt = { ['Б'] = 'B', ['П'] = 'P', ['М'] = 'M', ['Ф'] = 'F', ['В'] = 'V', ['Д'] = 'D', ['Т'] = 'T', ['Н'] = 'N', ['Л'] = 'L', ['З'] = 'Z', ['Ц'] = 'C', ['С'] = 'S', ['Җ'] = 'Ž', ['Ч'] = 'Č', ['Ш'] = 'Š', ['Ж'] = 'Ř', --[[ Җ J ]] --[[ Č Q ]] ['Щ'] = 'X', ['Г'] = 'G', ['К'] = 'K', ['Ң'] = 'Ŋ', ['Х'] = 'H', ['Р'] = 'R', ['Ъ'] = 'ʺ', ['Ь'] = 'ʹ', ['Ы'] = 'Ɨ', ['И'] = 'I', ['Ў'] = 'W', ['Ү'] = 'Ü', --[[ Ы Ɨ ]] ['А'] = 'A', ['Я'] = 'Ia', ['Ә'] = 'Ə', ['Е'] = 'Iə', ['Э'] = 'E', ['О'] = 'O', ['Ё'] = 'Io', ['У'] = 'U', ['Ю'] = 'Iu', ['Й'] = 'Y', ['б'] = 'b', ['п'] = 'p', ['м'] = 'm', ['ф'] = 'f', ['в'] = 'v', ['д'] = 'd', ['т'] = 't', ['н'] = 'n', ['л'] = 'l', ['з'] = 'z', ['ц'] = 'c', ['с'] = 's', ['җ'] = 'ž', ['ч'] = 'č', ['ш'] = 'š', ['ж'] = 'ř', --[[ җ j ]] --[[ ч q ]] ['щ'] = 'x', ['г'] = 'g', ['к'] = 'k', ['ң'] = 'ŋ', ['х'] = 'h', ['р'] = 'r', ['ъ'] = 'ʺ', ['ь'] = 'ʹ', ['ы'] = 'ɨ', ['и'] = 'i', ['ў'] = 'w', ['ү'] = 'ü', --[[ ы ɨ ]] ['а'] = 'a', ['я'] = 'ia', ['ә'] = 'ə', ['е'] = 'iə', ['э'] = 'e', ['о'] = 'o', ['ё'] = 'io', ['у'] = 'u', ['ю'] = 'iu', ['й'] = 'y', } local zhch2jq = {['Ž']='J',['Č']='Q',['ž']='j',['č']='q'} function export.tr(text, lang, sc) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, '.', tt) text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, '([ŽČžč])([Ii])', function(zhch, i) return zhch2jq[zhch] .. i end ) return text end return export srefc1wbcm7eyw6wctsawb4vh0rvlgm 828 3786360 7240861 2026-07-06T10:25:25Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local m_string_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local m_table = require("Module:Wt/mnc/table") local m_data = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cpx-pron/data") local sub = m_string_utils.sub local find = m_string_utils.find local gsub = m_string_utils.gsub local match = m_string_utils.match local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC local SPECIAL_MARKERS = { NO_ASSIMILATION = "*", NO_SANDHI = "#", MANUAL_CHANGE = ">", CAPI..." 7240861 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_string_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local m_table = require("Module:Wt/mnc/table") local m_data = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cpx-pron/data") local sub = m_string_utils.sub local find = m_string_utils.find local gsub = m_string_utils.gsub local match = m_string_utils.match local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC local SPECIAL_MARKERS = { NO_ASSIMILATION = "*", NO_SANDHI = "#", MANUAL_CHANGE = ">", CAPITALIZATION = "^", SPACE_AFTER = "\\" } local FORMAT_MODES = { BRIEF = "brief", COMPLETE = "complete", DEMO = "demo" } local dialects = { pt = "[[w:Putian dialect|Putian]]", nr = "[[w:Nanri Island|Nanri]]", jk = "[[w:zh:江口鎮 (莆田市)|Jiangkou]]", dh = "[[w:zh:東海鎮 (莆田市)|Donghai]]", xy = "[[w:Xianyou dialect|Xianyou]]", ft = "[[w:zh:楓亭鎮|Fengting]]", yy = "[[w:zh:游洋鎮|Youyang]]" } local initials = { pt = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "ɬ", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["h"] = "h", [""] = "" }, jk = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "ɬ", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["h"] = "h", [""] = "" }, nr = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "ɬ", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["h"] = "h", [""] = "" }, dh = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "ɬ", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["h"] = "h", [""] = "", ["w"] = "β", }, xy = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "ɬ", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["h"] = "h", [""] = "", ["w"] = "β", }, yy = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "θ", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["h"] = "h", [""] = "", ["w"] = "β", }, ft = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "ɬ", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["h"] = "h", [""] = "", ["w"] = "β", }, } local finals = { pt = { ["a"] = "a", ["ae"] = "ɛ", ["e"] = "e", ["i"] = "i", ["o"] = "o", ["oe"] = "ø", ["or"] = "ɒ", ["u"] = "u", ["y"] = "y", ["ai"] = "ai", ["ao"] = "au", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ieo"] = "ieu", ["iu"] = "iu", ["ou"] = "ɔu", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uei"] = "uei", ["ui"] = "ui", ["yor"] = "yɒ", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["orng"] = "ɒŋ", ["eng"] = "ɛŋ", ["oeng"] = "œŋ", ["ong"] = "ɔŋ", ["ing"] = "iŋ", ["ieng"] = "iɛŋ", ["ung"] = "uŋ", ["uang"] = "uaŋ", ["yng"] = "yŋ", ["yorng"] = "yɒŋ", ["ng"] = "ŋ̍", ["ah"] = "aʔ", ["orh"] = "ɒʔ", ["eh"] = "ɛʔ", ["oeh"] = "œʔ", ["oh"] = "ɔʔ", ["ih"] = "iʔ", ["iah"] = "iæʔ", ["uh"] = "uʔ", ["uah"] = "uaʔ", ["ieh"] = "iɛʔ", ["uoh"] = "uoʔ", ["yh"] = "yʔ", ["yorh"] = "yɒʔ", }, jk = { ["a"] = "a", ["e"] = "e", ["ae"] = "ɛ", ["eo"] = "ø", ["oe"] = "œ", ["or"] = "ɒ", ["o"] = "o", ["i"] = "i", ["u"] = "u", ["y"] = "y", ["ie"] = "ie", ["iao"] = "iɐu", ["iu"] = "iu", ["ai"] = "ai", ["ao"] = "au", ["ou"] = "ou", ["uo"] = "uo", ["uai"] = "uɐi", ["ui"] = "ui", ["yoe"] = "yø", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["eng"] = "ɛŋ", ["ing"] = "iŋ", ["ung"] = "uŋ", ["ieng"] = "iɛŋ", ["orng"] = "ɒŋ", ["oeng"] = "œŋ", ["ong"] = "ɔŋ", ["ng"] = "ŋ̍", ["ah"] = "aʔ", ["eh"] = "ɛʔ", ["ih"] = "eʔ", ["oh"] = "ɔʔ", ["orh"] = "ɒʔ", ["oeh"] = "œʔ" }, nr = { ["a"] = "a", ["e"] = "e", ["oe"] = "ø", ["or"] = "ɒ", ["o"] = "o", ["i"] = "i", ["u"] = "u", ["y"] = "y", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ieo"] = "ieu", ["iu"] = "iu", ["ai"] = "ai", ["ao"] = "au", ["oo"] = "ɔ", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uei"] = "uei", ["ui"] = "ui", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["eng"] = "e̞ŋ", ["ing"] = "iŋ", ["ong"] = "oŋ", ["orng"] = "ɒŋ", ["oeng"] = "œŋ", ["uerng"] = "uəŋ", ["yng"] = "yŋ", ["ng"] = "ŋ̍", ["ah"] = "aʔ", ["eh"] = "e̞ʔ", ["ih"] = "iʔ", ["oh"] = "oʔ", ["orh"] = "ɒʔ", ["oeh"] = "œʔ", ["uerh"] = "uəʔ", ["yh"] = "yʔ" }, dh = { ["a"] = "a", ["e"] = "e", ["or"] = "ɒ", ["er"] = "ɤ", ["i"] = "i", ["u"] = "u", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ieo"] = "iəu", ["iu"] = "iu", ["ai"] = "ai", ["ao"] = "au", ["ou"] = "ɔu", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uer"] = "uɤ", ["ui"] = "ui", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["eng"] = "ɛŋ", ["ing"] = "iŋ", ["orng"] = "ɒŋ", ["ieng"] = "ieŋ", ["uerng"] = "uɤŋ", ["ng"] = "ŋ̍", ["ah"] = "aʔ", ["eh"] = "ɛʔ", ["ih"] = "iʔ", ["orh"] = "ɒʔ", ["ieh"] = "iɛʔ", ["uerh"] = "uɤʔ", ["ann"] = "ã", ["inn"] = "ĩ", ["ornn"] = "ɒ̃", ["aonn"] = "ãũ", ["iann"] = "ĩã", ["iunn"] = "ĩũ", ["uann"] = "ũã", ["uinn"] = "ũĩ" }, xy = { ["a"] = "a", ["ae"] = "ɛ", ["e"] = "e", ["i"] = "i", ["o"] = "o", ["oe"] = "ø", ["or"] = "ɒ", ["u"] = "u", ["y"] = "y", ["ai"] = "ai", ["ao"] = "au", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ieo"] = "ieu", ["iu"] = "iu", ["ou"] = "ɔu", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uei"] = "uei", ["ui"] = "ui", ["ya"] = "ya", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["orng"] = "ɒŋ", ["eng"] = "ɛŋ", ["ing"] = "iŋ", ["ieng"] = "iɛŋ", ["yng"] = "yŋ", ["yoeng"] = "yøŋ", ["uong"] = "uoŋ", ["ng"] = "ŋ̍", ["ah"] = "aʔ", ["orh"] = "ɒʔ", ["eh"] = "ɛʔ", ["ih"] = "iʔ", ["ieh"] = "iɛʔ", ["uh"] = "uʔ", ["uoh"] = "uoʔ", ["yh"] = "yʔ", ["yoeh"] = "yøʔ", ["iah"] = "iaʔ", ["uah"] = "uaʔ", -- iah, uah only for 代詞促調 ["ann"] = "ã", ["inn"] = "ĩ", ["ynn"] = "ỹ", ["ornn"] = "ɒ̃", ["ainn"] = "ãĩ", ["aonn"] = "ãũ", ["iann"] = "ĩã", ["iunn"] = "ĩũ", ["uann"] = "ũã", ["uinn"] = "ũĩ", ["yann"] = "ỹã", }, yy = { ["a"] = "a", ["e"] = "e", ["oe"] = "ø", ["or"] = "ɒ", ["o"] = "o", ["i"] = "i", ["u"] = "u", ["y"] = "y", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ieo"] = "iəu", ["iu"] = "iu", ["ai"] = "ai", ["ao"] = "au", ["ou"] = "ou", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uai"] = "uai", ["oi"] = "oi", ["ui"] = "ui", ["ya"] = "ya", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["eng"] = "ɛŋ", ["ing"] = "iŋ", ["ong"] = "oŋ", ["ung"] = "uŋ", ["ieng"] = "iɛŋ", ["orng"] = "ɒŋ", ["oeng"] = "œŋ", ["uang"] = "uaŋ", ["yang"] = "yɐŋ", ["yng"] = "yŋ", ["ng"] = "ŋ̍", ["ah"] = "aʔ", ["eh"] = "ɛʔ", ["ih"] = "iʔ", ["oh"] = "oʔ", ["orh"] = "ɒʔ", ["oeh"] = "œʔ", ["ieh"] = "iɛʔ", ["uah"] = "uaʔ", ["yah"] = "yɐʔ", ["yh"] = "yʔ", ["ann"] = "ã", ["enn"] = "ẽ", ["oenn"] = "ø̃", ["ornn"] = "ɒ̃", ["iann"] = "ĩã", ["iunn"] = "ĩũ", ["uann"] = "ũã", ["uinn"] = "ũĩ", ["yann"] = "ỹã" }, ft = { ["a"] = "a", ["e"] = "e", ["or"] = "ɒ", ["er"] = "ɤ", ["i"] = "i", ["u"] = "u", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ieo"] = "iəu", ["iu"] = "iu", ["ai"] = "ai", ["ao"] = "au", ["ou"] = "ou", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uei"] = "uei", ["ui"] = "ui", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["eng"] = "ɛŋ", ["ing"] = "iŋ", ["orng"] = "ɒŋ", ["ieng"] = "ieŋ", ["uerng"] = "ɯəŋ", ["ng"] = "ŋ̍", ["ah"] = "aʔ", ["eh"] = "ɛʔ", ["ih"] = "iʔ", ["orh"] = "ɒʔ", ["ieh"] = "ieʔ", ["uerh"] = "ɯəʔ", ["ann"] = "ã", ["inn"] = "ĩ", ["ornn"] = "ɒ̃", ["iann"] = "ĩã", ["iunn"] = "ĩũ", ["uann"] = "ũã", ["uinn"] = "ũĩ" } } -- 1 陰平 | 2 陽平 | 3 上聲 | 4 陰去 | 5 陽去 | 6A 陰入甲 | 6B 陰入乙 | 7A 陽入甲 | 7B 陽入乙 -- S1: variant of 1 in non-final position -- S3: 代詞促調, sounds like 上聲 in both Putian and Xianyou after tone sandhi local tones = { pt = { ["1"] = "⁵³³", ["2"] = "¹³", ["3"] = "⁴⁵³", ["4"] = "⁴²", ["5"] = "¹¹", ["6A"] = "²¹", ["6B"] = "¹¹", ["7A"] = "⁴", ["7B"] = "¹³", ["S1"] = "⁵⁵", ["S3"] = "³²", ["S7"] = "⁴⁵" }, jk = { ["1"] = "⁵³³", ["2"] = "¹³", ["3"] = "⁴⁵³", ["4"] = "⁴²", ["5"] = "¹¹", ["6A"] = "²¹", ["6B"] = "¹¹", ["7A"] = "⁴", ["7B"] = "⁴⁵³", ["S1"] = "⁵⁵", ["S3"] = "³²", ["S7"] = "⁴⁵" }, nr = { ["1"] = "⁵³³", ["2"] = "¹³", ["3"] = "⁴⁵³", ["4"] = "⁴²", ["5"] = "¹¹", ["6A"] = "²¹", ["6B"] = "¹¹", ["7A"] = "⁴", ["7B"] = "¹³", ["S1"] = "⁵⁵", ["S3"] = "³²", ["S7"] = "⁴⁵" }, dh = { ["1"] = "⁵³³", ["2"] = "¹³", ["3"] = "⁴⁵³", ["4"] = "⁴²", ["5"] = "¹¹", ["6A"] = "²¹", ["6B"] = "¹¹", ["7A"] = "⁴", ["7B"] = "¹³", ["S3"] = "³²" }, xy = { ["1"] = "⁵⁴⁴", ["2"] = "²⁴", ["3"] = "³³²", ["4"] = "⁴²", ["5"] = "²¹", ["6A"] = "²", ["6B"] = "²¹", ["7A"] = "⁴", ["7B"] = "²⁴", ["S1"] = "⁵⁵", ["S3"] = "³²" }, yy = { ["1"] = "⁵⁴⁴", ["2"] = "²⁴", ["3"] = "³³²", ["4"] = "⁴²", ["5"] = "²¹", ["6A"] = "²", ["6B"] = "²¹", ["7A"] = "⁴", ["7B"] = "²⁴", ["S1"] = "⁵⁵", ["S3"] = "³²" }, ft = { ["1"] = "⁵⁴⁴", ["2"] = "²⁴", ["3"] = "³³²", ["4"] = "⁴²", ["5"] = "²¹", ["6A"] = "²", ["6B"] = "²¹", ["7A"] = "⁴", ["7B"] = "²⁴", ["S1"] = "⁵⁵", ["S3"] = "³²" }, } local corrections = { common = { ["au"] = "ao", ["ieu"] = "ieo", ["iau"] = "ieo" }, pt = { ["iao"] = "ieo", ["yo"] = "yor", ["ue"] = "uei", ["uai"] = "uei", ["yoh"] = "yorh", ["yong"] = "yorng", }, jk = { ["ia"] = "ie", ["ua"] = "uo", ["ue"] = "uai", ["uei"] = "uai", ["yo"] = "oe", ["yor"] = "oe", ["ye"] = "yoe", }, nr = { ["iao"] = "ieo", ["ou"] = "oo", ["ue"] = "uei", ["yo"] = "ua", ["yor"] = "ua", ["ung"] = "ng", ["uang"] = "uerng", ["uah"] = "uerh", }, dh = { ["o"] = "er", ["iao"] = "ieo", ["ue"] = "uer", ["ya"] = "ia", ["ung"] = "ng", ["uong"] = "uerng", ["erng"] = "uerng", ["erh"] = "uerh", }, xy = { ["iao"] = "ieo", ["ue"] = "uei", ["yeh"] = "yoeh", ["yeng"] = "yoeng", ["iang"] = "ieng", ["ung"] = "ng", }, yy = { ["iao"] = "ieo", ["ue"] = "oi", -- or "uai" ["uei"] = "oi", -- or "uai" }, ft = { ["o"] = "er", ["iao"] = "ieo", ["ue"] = "uei", ["ya"] = "ia", ["ung"] = "ng", ["uong"] = "uerng", ["erng"] = "uerng", ["erh"] = "uerh", } } local function handle_nasalization(final) local has_old_nasal = final:match("ⁿ$") local has_new_nasal = final:match("nn$") local base_final = has_old_nasal and final:gsub("ⁿ$", "") or has_new_nasal and final:gsub("nn$", "") or final return base_final, has_old_nasal, has_new_nasal end local sandhi_rules = { pt = { ["1"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="2", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["2"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["3"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="2", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="5", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="2"}, ["4"] = {["1"]="S1", ["2"]="4", ["3"]="S1", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S1", ["7B"]="4"}, ["5"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["6A"] = {["1"]="S7", ["2"]="S7", ["3"]="S7", ["4"]="S7", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S7", ["7B"]="S7"}, ["6B"] = {["1"]="S1", ["2"]="4", ["3"]="S1", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S1", ["7B"]="S1"}, ["7A"] = {["1"]="6A", ["2"]="6A", ["3"]="6A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="6A", ["7B"]="6A"}, ["7B"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["S3"] = {["1"]="7A", ["2"]="7A", ["3"]="7A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="7A", ["7B"]="7A"}, }, jk = { ["1"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="2", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["2"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["3"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="2", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="5", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="2"}, ["4"] = {["1"]="S1", ["2"]="4", ["3"]="S1", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S1", ["7B"]="4"}, ["5"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["6A"] = {["1"]="S7", ["2"]="S7", ["3"]="S7", ["4"]="S7", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S7", ["7B"]="S7"}, ["6B"] = {["1"]="S1", ["2"]="4", ["3"]="S1", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S1", ["7B"]="S1"}, ["7A"] = {["1"]="6A", ["2"]="6A", ["3"]="6A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="6A", ["7B"]="6A"}, ["7B"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["S3"] = {["1"]="7A", ["2"]="7A", ["3"]="7A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="7A", ["7B"]="7A"}, }, nr = { ["1"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="5", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["2"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["3"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="2", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="5", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="2"}, ["4"] = {["1"]="S1", ["2"]="S1", ["3"]="S1", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S1", ["7B"]="S1"}, ["5"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["6A"] = {["1"]="S7", ["2"]="S7", ["3"]="S7", ["4"]="S7", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S7", ["7B"]="S7"}, ["6B"] = {["1"]="S1", ["2"]="S1", ["3"]="S1", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S1", ["7B"]="S1"}, ["7A"] = {["1"]="6A", ["2"]="6A", ["3"]="6A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="6A", ["7B"]="6A"}, ["7B"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["S3"] = {["1"]="7A", ["2"]="7A", ["3"]="7A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="7A", ["7B"]="7A"}, }, dh = { ["1"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="5", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["2"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["3"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="2", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="5", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="2"}, ["4"] = {["1"]="1", ["2"]="1", ["3"]="1", ["4"]="1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="1", ["7B"]="1"}, ["5"] = {["1"]="1", ["2"]="1", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="1", ["7B"]="1"}, ["6A"] = {["1"]="7A", ["2"]="7A", ["3"]="7A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="7A", ["7B"]="7A"}, ["6B"] = {["1"]="1", ["2"]="1", ["3"]="1", ["4"]="1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="1", ["7B"]="1"}, ["7A"] = {["1"]="6A", ["2"]="6A", ["3"]="6A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="6A", ["7B"]="6A"}, ["7B"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["S3"] = {["1"]="7A", ["2"]="7A", ["3"]="7A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="7A", ["7B"]="7A"}, }, xy = { ["1"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="2", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["2"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["3"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="S1", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="5", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="S1"}, ["4"] = {["1"]="S1", ["2"]="S1", ["3"]="S1", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S1", ["7B"]="S1"}, ["5"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["6A"] = {["1"]="7A", ["2"]="7A", ["3"]="7A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="7A", ["7B"]="7A"}, ["6B"] = {["1"]="S1", ["2"]="S1", ["3"]="S1", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S1", ["7B"]="S1"}, ["7A"] = {["1"]="6A", ["2"]="6A", ["3"]="6A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="6A", ["7B"]="6A"}, ["7B"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["S3"] = {["1"]="7A", ["2"]="7A", ["3"]="7A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="7A", ["7B"]="7A"}, }, yy = { ["1"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="2", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["2"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["3"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="S1", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="5", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="S1"}, ["4"] = {["1"]="S1", ["2"]="S1", ["3"]="S1", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S1", ["7B"]="S1"}, ["5"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["6A"] = {["1"]="7A", ["2"]="7A", ["3"]="7A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="7A", ["7B"]="7A"}, ["6B"] = {["1"]="S1", ["2"]="S1", ["3"]="S1", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S1", ["7B"]="S1"}, ["7A"] = {["1"]="6A", ["2"]="6A", ["3"]="6A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="6A", ["7B"]="6A"}, ["7B"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["S3"] = {["1"]="7A", ["2"]="7A", ["3"]="7A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="7A", ["7B"]="7A"}, }, ft = { ["1"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="2", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["2"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["3"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="S1", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="5", ["5"]="2", ["6A"]="2", ["6B"]="2", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="S1"}, ["4"] = {["1"]="S1", ["2"]="S1", ["3"]="S1", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S1", ["7B"]="S1"}, ["5"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["6A"] = {["1"]="7A", ["2"]="7A", ["3"]="7A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="7A", ["7B"]="7A"}, ["6B"] = {["1"]="S1", ["2"]="S1", ["3"]="S1", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="S1", ["7B"]="S1"}, ["7A"] = {["1"]="6A", ["2"]="6A", ["3"]="6A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="6A", ["7B"]="6A"}, ["7B"] = {["1"]="5", ["2"]="5", ["3"]="5", ["4"]="S1", ["5"]="4", ["6A"]="4", ["6B"]="4", ["7A"]="5", ["7B"]="5"}, ["S3"] = {["1"]="7A", ["2"]="7A", ["3"]="7A", ["4"]="7A", ["5"]="7A", ["6A"]="7A", ["6B"]="7A", ["7A"]="7A", ["7B"]="7A"}, } } local initial_assimilation_rules = { pt = { nasal_final = { ["b"] = "m", ["p"] = "m", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "n", ["t"] = "n", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "n", ["z"] = "n", ["c"] = "n", ["s"] = "n", ["g"] = "ng", ["k"] = "ng", ["h"] = "ng", ["ng"] = "ng", [""] = "ng" }, glottal_final = {}, -- remain unchanged other_final = { ["b"] = "", ["p"] = "", ["m"] = "m", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["ng"] = "ng", ["d"] = "l", ["t"] = "l", ["z"] = "l", ["c"] = "l", ["s"] = "l", ["g"] = "", ["k"] = "", ["h"] = "", [""] = "" } }, jk = { nasal_final = { ["b"] = "m", ["p"] = "m", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "n", ["t"] = "n", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "n", ["z"] = "n", ["c"] = "n", ["s"] = "n", ["g"] = "ng", ["k"] = "ng", ["h"] = "ng", ["ng"] = "ng", [""] = "ng" }, glottal_final = {}, other_final = { ["b"] = "", ["p"] = "", ["m"] = "m", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["ng"] = "ng", ["d"] = "l", ["t"] = "l", ["z"] = "l", ["c"] = "l", ["s"] = "l", ["g"] = "", ["k"] = "", ["h"] = "", [""] = "" } }, nr = { nasal_final = { ["b"] = "m", ["p"] = "m", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "n", ["t"] = "n", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "n", ["z"] = "n", ["c"] = "n", ["s"] = "n", ["g"] = "ng", ["k"] = "ng", ["h"] = "ng", ["ng"] = "ng", [""] = "ng" }, glottal_final = {}, other_final = { ["b"] = "", ["p"] = "", ["m"] = "m", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["ng"] = "ng", ["d"] = "l", ["t"] = "l", ["z"] = "l", ["c"] = "l", ["s"] = "l", ["g"] = "", ["k"] = "", ["h"] = "", [""] = "" } }, dh = { nasal_final = { ["b"] = "m", ["p"] = "m", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "n", ["t"] = "n", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "n", ["z"] = "n", ["c"] = "n", ["s"] = "n", ["g"] = "ng", ["k"] = "ng", ["h"] = "ng", ["ng"] = "ng", [""] = "ng" }, nasalized_final = { ["b"] = "m", ["m"] = "m", ["p"] = "m", ["d"] = "l", ["t"] = "l", ["n"] = "l", ["l"] = "l", ["z"] = "l", ["c"] = "l", ["s"] = "l", ["g"] = "", ["k"] = "", ["h"] = "", ["ng"] = "ng", [""] = "" }, glottal_final = {}, other_final = { ["b"] = "w", ["p"] = "w", ["m"] = "m", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["ng"] = "ng", ["d"] = "l", ["t"] = "l", ["z"] = "l", ["c"] = "l", ["s"] = "l", ["g"] = "", ["k"] = "", ["h"] = "", [""] = "" } }, xy = { nasal_final = { ["b"] = "m", ["p"] = "m", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "n", ["t"] = "n", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "n", ["z"] = "n", ["c"] = "n", ["s"] = "n", ["g"] = "ng", ["k"] = "ng", ["h"] = "ng", ["ng"] = "ng", [""] = "ng" }, nasalized_final = { ["b"] = "m", ["m"] = "m", ["p"] = "m", ["d"] = "n", ["t"] = "n", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "n", ["z"] = "n", ["c"] = "n", ["s"] = "n", ["g"] = "", ["k"] = "", ["h"] = "", ["ng"] = "ng", [""] = "" }, glottal_final = {}, other_final = { ["b"] = "w", ["p"] = "w", ["m"] = "m", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["ng"] = "ng", ["d"] = "l", ["t"] = "l", ["z"] = "l", ["c"] = "l", ["s"] = "l", ["g"] = "", ["k"] = "", ["h"] = "", [""] = "" } }, yy = { nasal_final = { ["b"] = "m", ["p"] = "m", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "n", ["t"] = "n", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "n", ["z"] = "n", ["c"] = "n", ["s"] = "n", ["g"] = "ng", ["k"] = "ng", ["h"] = "ng", ["ng"] = "ng", [""] = "ng" }, nasalized_final = { ["b"] = "m", ["m"] = "m", ["p"] = "m", ["d"] = "n", ["t"] = "n", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "n", ["z"] = "n", ["c"] = "n", ["s"] = "n", ["g"] = "", ["k"] = "", ["h"] = "", ["ng"] = "ng", [""] = "" }, glottal_final = {}, other_final = { ["b"] = "w", ["p"] = "w", ["m"] = "m", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["ng"] = "ng", ["d"] = "l", ["t"] = "l", ["z"] = "l", ["c"] = "l", ["s"] = "l", ["g"] = "", ["k"] = "", ["h"] = "", [""] = "" } }, ft = { nasal_final = { ["b"] = "m", ["p"] = "m", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "n", ["t"] = "n", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "n", ["z"] = "n", ["c"] = "n", ["s"] = "n", ["g"] = "ng", ["k"] = "ng", ["h"] = "ng", ["ng"] = "ng", [""] = "ng" }, nasalized_final = { ["b"] = "m", ["m"] = "m", ["p"] = "m", ["d"] = "n", ["t"] = "n", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "n", ["z"] = "n", ["c"] = "n", ["s"] = "n", ["g"] = "", ["k"] = "", ["h"] = "", ["ng"] = "ng", [""] = "" }, glottal_final = {}, -- remain unchanged other_final = { ["b"] = "w", ["p"] = "w", ["m"] = "m", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["ng"] = "ng", ["d"] = "l", ["t"] = "l", ["z"] = "l", ["c"] = "l", ["s"] = "l", ["g"] = "", ["k"] = "", ["h"] = "", [""] = "" } }, } local buc_initials = { ["b"] = "b", ["p"] = "p", ["m"] = "m", ["d"] = "d", ["t"] = "t", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["z"] = "c", ["c"] = "ch", ["s"] = "s", ["g"] = "g", ["k"] = "k", ["ng"] = "ng", ["h"] = "h", [""] = "" } local buc_finals = { ["a"] = {{"a", 1}, {"aⁿ", 1}, {"ah", 1}}, ["ae"] = {{"e", 1}}, ["ah"] = {{"ah", 1}}, ["ai"] = {{"ai", 1}}, ["ang"] = {{"ang", 1}}, ["ao"] = {{"au", 1}}, ["e"] = {{"a̤", 1}, {"a̤ⁿ", 1}, {"a̤h", 1}}, ["eh"] = {{"eh", 1}}, ["eng"] = {{"eng", 1}}, ["i"] = {{"i", 1}, {"ih", 1}}, ["ia"] = {{"ia", 2}, {"iaⁿ", 2}, {"iah", 2}}, ["iah"] = {{"iah", 2}}, ["ieh"] = {{"iah", 2}}, ["ieng"] = {{"iang", 2}}, ["ieo"] = {{"a̤u", 2}, {"a̤uⁿ", 2}, {"a̤uh", 3}}, -- a̤u & a̤uⁿ on `a̤`, a̤uh on `u` ["ih"] = {{"ih", 1}}, ["ing"] = {{"ing", 1}}, ["iu"] = {{"iu", 2}}, ["ng"] = {{"ng", 1}}, -- actually in the middle of `n` and `g` ["o"] = {{"eo", 2}, {"eoh", 2}}, ["oe"] = {{"e̤", 1}, {"e̤ⁿ", 1}}, ["oeh"] = {{"e̤h", 1}}, ["oeng"] = {{"e̤ng", 1}}, ["oh"] = {{"eoh", 2}}, ["ong"] = {{"eong", 2}}, ["or"] = {{"o̤", 1}, {"o̤ⁿ", 1}, {"o̤h", 1}}, ["orh"] = {{"o̤h", 1}}, ["orng"] = {{"o̤ng", 1}}, ["ou"] = {{"o", 1}}, ["u"] = {{"u", 1}}, ["ua"] = {{"ua", 2}, {"uaⁿ", 2}, {"uah", 2}}, ["uah"] = {{"uah", 2}}, ["uang"] = {{"uang", 2}}, ["uei"] = {{"oi", 1}, {"uai", 2}, {"oiⁿ", 1}, {"oih", 1}}, -- on `o` ["uh"] = {{"uh", 1}}, ["ui"] = {{"ui", 1}}, -- on `u` ["ung"] = {{"ng", 1}}, -- actually in the middle of `n` and `g` ["y"] = {{"ṳ", 1}}, ["yh"] = {{"ṳh", 1}}, ["yng"] = {{"ṳng", 1}}, ["yor"] = {{"io̤", 2}, {"io̤ⁿ", 2}, {"io̤h", 2}}, ["yorh"] = {{"io̤h", 2}}, ["yorng"] = {{"io̤ng", 2}} } local buc_tones = { ["1"] = "", -- 陰平 null ["2"] = "́", -- 陽平 u+0301 ["3"] = "̂", -- 上聲 u+0302 ["4"] = "̍", -- 陰去 u+030D ["5"] = "̄", -- 陽去 u+0304 ["6A"] = "", -- 陰入甲 -h ["6B"] = "̄", -- 陰入乙 ["7A"] = "̍", -- 陽入甲 -h + u+030D ["7B"] = "̍", -- 陽入乙 -h + u+030D } local function split_dialect_codes(code_string) local codes = {} for code in code_string:gmatch("[^,]+") do -- Validate dialect code if not dialects[code] then error("Unsupported dialect: " .. code) end table.insert(codes, code) end return codes end local function get_syllable_markers(syllable) local markers = { capitalize = false, space_after = false, comma_after = false, manual_buc = nil } if syllable:sub(1, 1) == SPECIAL_MARKERS.CAPITALIZATION then markers.capitalize = true syllable = syllable:sub(2) end if syllable:sub(-1) == SPECIAL_MARKERS.SPACE_AFTER then markers.space_after = true syllable = syllable:sub(1, -2) end if syllable:sub(-1) == "," then markers.comma_after = true syllable = syllable:sub(1, -2) end -- Check manual BUC local manual_start, manual_end = syllable:find("{[^}]+}") if manual_start then markers.manual_buc = syllable:sub(manual_start + 1, manual_end - 1) syllable = syllable:sub(1, manual_start - 1) .. syllable:sub(manual_end + 1) end return markers, syllable end local function split_initial_final(options) if not options or not options.form then error("split_initial_final: form is required") end local form = options.form local initial, final if form == "ng" then initial, final = "", form elseif form:sub(1, 2) == "ng" and #form > 2 then initial, final = "ng", form:sub(3) else initial = form:match("^[bpmnltdzcsghkw]h?") or "" final = form:sub(#initial + 1) end if not final or final == "" then error("Invalid form: " .. form .. " (unable to extract final)") end return initial, final end -- Phonological rule application functions local function get_final_type(options) if not options or type(options) ~= "table" then error("get_final_type: options must be a table") end local initial = options.initial local final = options.final local dialect = options.dialect if not final then error("get_final_type: final cannot be nil") end if sub(final, -2) == "ng" then return "nasal_final" elseif sub(final, -1) == "h" then return "glottal_final" elseif sub(final, -2) == "nn" or (match(initial, "[mn]g?") and get_final_type({initial = "", final = final}) == "other_final" and dialect == "xy") then if match(initial, "[mn]g?") and get_final_type({initial = "", final = final}) == "other_final" and dialect == "xy" then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track('cpx-pron/xy-nasal-initial/default-rule') end return "nasalized_final" else return "other_final" end end local function track_buc_issue(reason) require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track('cpx-pron/' .. reason) end local function combine_buc_syllable(options) local initial = options.initial local final = options.final local tone = options.tone local tone_position = options.tone_position local tone_mark = buc_tones[tone] if not tone_mark then error("Invalid tone: " .. tone) end -- Split the final string into character table local chars = {} for char in mw.ustring.gmatch(final, ".") do table.insert(chars, char) end -- put tone diacritic if #chars >= tone_position then chars[tone_position] = chars[tone_position] .. tone_mark else error("Invalid tone position: " .. tone_position) end return mw.ustring.toNFC(initial .. table.concat(chars)) end local function lookup_char_readings(char) if not m_data.buc[char] then return nil end return m_data.buc[char] end -- Convert single PSP syllable to BUC local function convert_to_buc_syllable(options) local syllable_info = options.syllable_info local char = options.char -- If BUC is manually specified, first verify if syllable_info.manual_buc then local is_valid, error_msg = validate_manual_buc(syllable_info.manual_buc) if not is_valid then track_buc_issue("manual form incorrect") return nil end return syllable_info.manual_buc end local lookup_tone = syllable_info.original_tone local lookup_final = syllable_info.original_final -- Special handling for S3 tone if syllable_info.original_tone == "S3" then lookup_tone = "3" -- Remove final h if present if lookup_final:sub(-1) == "h" then lookup_final = lookup_final:sub(1, -2) end end -- Get possible BUC finals local possible_finals = buc_finals[lookup_final] if not possible_finals then track_buc_issue("no final found") return nil end -- Get BUC initial local initial = buc_initials[syllable_info.original_initial] if not initial then track_buc_issue("no initial found") return nil end -- Generate all possible BUC forms local filtered_finals = {} -- special check for BUC tone 7B which merged into tone 2 for _, final_info in ipairs(possible_finals) do local final, tone_position = final_info[1], final_info[2] local is_tone_7b_final = final:match("h$") local psp_has_h = syllable_info.original_final:match("h$") local should_keep = true local use_tone = lookup_tone if lookup_tone == "7B" then if final:match("h$") then final = final .. "*" else should_keep = false end end if is_tone_7b_final and not psp_has_h then if lookup_tone == "2" then use_tone = "7B" final = final .. "*" elseif lookup_tone == "7B" then -- do nothing else should_keep = false end end if should_keep then table.insert(filtered_finals, { final = final, tone_position = tone_position, tone = use_tone }) end end local candidates = {} for _, final_info in ipairs(filtered_finals) do local candidate = combine_buc_syllable({ initial = initial, final = final_info.final, tone = final_info.tone, tone_position = final_info.tone_position }) table.insert(candidates, candidate) end if #candidates == 1 then return candidates[1] end -- No need to look up Hanzi-BUC table if hanzi's and PSP's counts don't match if not char then if #possible_finals > 1 then track_buc_issue("contraction and multiple final found") -- temp local finals_for_output = {} for _, final_info in ipairs(possible_finals) do table.insert(finals_for_output, final_info[1]) end return nil end return combine_buc_syllable({ initial = initial, final = possible_finals[1][1], tone = lookup_tone, tone_position = possible_finals[1][2] }) end local char_readings = lookup_char_readings(char) if not char_readings then track_buc_issue("cannot look up table") return nil end local matches = {} for _, candidate in ipairs(candidates) do for _, reading in ipairs(char_readings) do local match = (candidate == reading) if match then table.insert(matches, candidate) end end end if #matches == 0 then track_buc_issue("no matching reading found") return nil elseif #matches > 1 then track_buc_issue("multiple matching readings found") return nil end -- temp if syllable_info.original_tone == "2" and matches[1]:match("h%*$") then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track('cpx-pron/2-to-7B') end return matches[1] end local function generate_buc(options) if not options.syllable_infos then error("Missing required syllable_infos in generate_buc") end if options.dialect ~= "pt" then return nil end local page_title = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename local chars = mw.ustring.gsub(page_title, "[\n\r\t ，]", "") local char_count = mw.ustring.len(chars) local syllable_count = #options.syllable_infos local check_char_table = (syllable_count == char_count) local buc_syllables = {} for i, syllable_info in ipairs(options.syllable_infos) do if syllable_info.manual_buc then table.insert(buc_syllables, syllable_info.manual_buc) else -- Get possible BUC local syllable_result = convert_to_buc_syllable({ syllable_info = syllable_info, char = check_char_table and mw.ustring.sub(chars, i, i) or nil, word = options.word }) -- If any syllable cannot be uniquely identified if not syllable_result then return nil end if syllable_info.capitalize then local normalized = mw.ustring.toNFD(syllable_result) local first_char = mw.ustring.sub(normalized, 1, 1) syllable_result = mw.ustring.toNFC( mw.ustring.upper(first_char) .. mw.ustring.sub(normalized, 2) ) end table.insert(buc_syllables, syllable_result) end end -- concat syllables local result = {} for i = 1, #buc_syllables do table.insert(result, buc_syllables[i]) if i < #buc_syllables then if options.syllable_infos[i].comma_after then table.insert(result, ", ") elseif options.syllable_infos[i].space_after then table.insert(result, " ") else table.insert(result, "-") end end end return table.concat(result) end local function split_syllable(syllable) -- Initialize result table local components = { orig_form = nil, changed_form = nil, tone_part = nil, orig_initial = nil, orig_final = nil, changed_initial = nil, changed_final = nil, orig_tone = nil, manual_sandhi_tone = nil, no_sandhi = false, no_assimilation = false, -- BUC (only for Putian) capitalize = false, space_after = false, comma_after = false, manual_buc = nil } if not syllable or syllable == "" then error("Invalid syllable: " .. tostring(syllable)) end local markers, cleaned_syllable = get_syllable_markers(syllable) components.capitalize = markers.capitalize components.space_after = markers.space_after components.comma_after = markers.comma_after components.manual_buc = markers.manual_buc syllable = cleaned_syllable components.no_assimilation = syllable:sub(1, 1) == SPECIAL_MARKERS.NO_ASSIMILATION if components.no_assimilation then syllable = syllable:sub(2) end components.no_sandhi = syllable:sub(-1) == SPECIAL_MARKERS.NO_SANDHI if components.no_sandhi then syllable = syllable:sub(1, -2) end if syllable:find(SPECIAL_MARKERS.MANUAL_CHANGE) then components.orig_form, components.changed_form, components.tone_part = syllable:match("(.-)>(.-)([1-7S]+.*)$") else components.orig_form, components.tone_part = syllable:match("(.-)([1-7S]+.*)$") components.changed_form = components.orig_form end -- If the segmentation is not correct if not components.orig_form or not components.tone_part then error("Invalid syllable format: " .. syllable) end -- Process form components components.orig_initial, components.orig_final = split_initial_final({form = components.orig_form}) components.changed_initial, components.changed_final = split_initial_final({form = components.changed_form}) -- Process tone components if components.tone_part:find("-") then components.orig_tone, components.manual_sandhi_tone = components.tone_part:match("^([1-7S]+)%-([1-7S]+)$") require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track('cpx-pron/manual sandhi tone') else components.orig_tone = components.tone_part end -- Special tone processing if components.orig_tone == "3" and components.changed_final:sub(-1) == "h" then components.orig_tone = "S3" end if components.orig_tone == "6" then if components.orig_final:sub(-1) == "h" then components.orig_tone = "6A" else components.orig_tone = "6B" end elseif components.orig_tone == "7" then if components.orig_final:sub(-1) == "h" then components.orig_tone = "7A" else components.orig_tone = "7B" end end -- final validation if not (components.orig_initial and components.orig_final and components.orig_tone) then error("Unable to parse syllable: " .. syllable) end return components end local function create_syllable_info(options) local syllable_components = split_syllable(options.syllable) return { original_initial = syllable_components.orig_initial, original_final = syllable_components.orig_final, original_tone = syllable_components.orig_tone, changed_initial = syllable_components.changed_initial, changed_final = syllable_components.changed_final, changed_tone = syllable_components.orig_tone, -- default: original tone no_sandhi = syllable_components.no_sandhi, no_assimilation = syllable_components.no_assimilation, is_first_syllable = options.is_first_syllable, manual_sandhi_tone = syllable_components.manual_sandhi_tone, -- BUC capitalize = syllable_components.capitalize, space_after = syllable_components.space_after, comma_after = syllable_components.comma_after, manual_buc = syllable_components.manual_buc } end -- Syllable processing functions local function create_syllable_infos(options) local syllable_infos = {} for syllable in options.word:gmatch("%S+") do local syllable_options = { syllable = syllable, is_first_syllable = #syllable_infos == 0 } table.insert(syllable_infos, create_syllable_info(syllable_options)) end return syllable_infos end local function post_process_nasalization(options) local syllable = options.syllable -- Remove duplicate nasalization if syllable.changed_initial:match("^[mn]g?") then if syllable.changed_final:match("nn$") then syllable.changed_final = syllable.changed_final:gsub("nn$", "") end end -- Simplify ng-initial syllables if syllable.changed_initial == "ng" and syllable.changed_final == "ng" then syllable.changed_initial = "" end end local function get_sandhi_tone(options) local curr_syllable = options.curr_syllable local next_syllable = options.next_syllable local dialect = options.dialect -- Handle manual tone specification if curr_syllable.manual_sandhi_tone then return curr_syllable.manual_sandhi_tone end -- Handle final syllable if not next_syllable then return curr_syllable.original_tone end -- Apply sandhi rules local current_tone = curr_syllable.original_tone local next_tone = next_syllable.original_tone return sandhi_rules[dialect][current_tone][next_tone] or curr_syllable.original_tone end local function apply_sandhi(options) local dialect = options.dialect local syllable_infos = options.syllable_infos for i = 1, #syllable_infos do local curr_syllable = syllable_infos[i] local next_syllable = syllable_infos[i + 1] local original_tone = curr_syllable.original_tone if curr_syllable.manual_sandhi_tone then if curr_syllable.manual_sandhi_tone == "6" then curr_syllable.manual_sandhi_tone = curr_syllable.changed_final:sub(-1) == "h" and "6A" or "6B" elseif curr_syllable.manual_sandhi_tone == "7" then curr_syllable.manual_sandhi_tone = curr_syllable.changed_final:sub(-1) == "h" and "7A" or "7B" elseif curr_syllable.manual_sandhi_tone == "3" and curr_syllable.changed_final:sub(-1) == "h" then curr_syllable.manual_sandhi_tone = "S3" end end -- No sandhi if one of the following conditions are met -- 1. there is a no_sandhi mark -- 2. syllable followed by a comma -- 3. is the last syllable if curr_syllable.no_sandhi or curr_syllable.comma_after or -- curr_syllable.space_after or not next_syllable then curr_syllable.changed_tone = curr_syllable.original_tone else curr_syllable.changed_tone = get_sandhi_tone({ curr_syllable = curr_syllable, next_syllable = next_syllable, dialect = dialect }) end -- Special tone adjustment for glottal finals if curr_syllable.changed_tone == '3' and curr_syllable.changed_final:sub(-1) == 'h' then curr_syllable.changed_tone = 'S3' end -- Tracking if next_syllable then local format_tone_for_tracking = function(tone) if tone == "S1" or tone == "S3" then return tone elseif tone:sub(1, 1) == "S" then return tone:sub(2) else return tone end end local track_original_tone = format_tone_for_tracking(original_tone) local track_next_tone = format_tone_for_tracking(next_syllable.original_tone) local track_changed_tone = format_tone_for_tracking(curr_syllable.changed_tone) require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track('cpx-pron/sandhi/' .. dialect .. '/' .. track_original_tone .. '+' .. track_next_tone .. '/' .. track_changed_tone) end end end local function apply_initial_assimilation(options) local dialect = options.dialect local syllable_infos = options.syllable_infos local result = {} -- Handle first syllable result[1] = syllable_infos[1] result[1].is_first_syllable = true -- Process subsequent syllables for i = 2, #syllable_infos do local prev_syllable = result[i-1] local curr_syllable = syllable_infos[i] -- Store original initial for tracking local original_initial = curr_syllable.original_initial local rule_applied = false -- Check for manual override in xy dialect with nasal initial + other final local is_manual_override = (dialect == "xy" or dialect == "yy" or dialect == "ft" or dialect == "dh") and prev_syllable.changed_initial:match("^[mn]g?$") and not (prev_syllable.changed_final:sub(-2) == "ng" or prev_syllable.changed_final:sub(-1) == "h" or prev_syllable.changed_final:sub(-2) == "nn") and curr_syllable.changed_initial ~= curr_syllable.original_initial if is_manual_override then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track('cpx-pron/xy-nasal-initial/manual-override') end local original_final_type = get_final_type({ initial = prev_syllable.changed_initial, final = prev_syllable.changed_final, dialect = dialect }) -- No initial assimilation if one of the following conditions are met: -- 1. there is a no_assimilation mark -- 2. the previous syllable is followed by a comma if not curr_syllable.no_assimilation and not prev_syllable.comma_after and curr_syllable.changed_initial == curr_syllable.original_initial then local final_type = original_final_type -- Special rule for nasalized finals local should_apply_nasal_rule = (final_type == "other_final" or (final_type == "nasalized_final" and dialect == "dh")) and curr_syllable.original_initial:match("^[bpdtzcs]") and get_final_type({ initial = curr_syllable.original_initial, final = curr_syllable.original_final, dialect = dialect }) == "nasalized_final" if should_apply_nasal_rule then final_type = "nasal_final" end -- Mark that we are applying an assimilation rule rule_applied = true -- Apply assimilation rules curr_syllable.changed_initial = initial_assimilation_rules[dialect][final_type][curr_syllable.original_initial] or curr_syllable.original_initial -- Special rule: l + ng -> n + ng if curr_syllable.changed_initial == "l" and curr_syllable.changed_final == "ng" then curr_syllable.changed_initial = "n" end require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track('cpx-pron/assimilation/' .. dialect .. '/' .. original_final_type .. '/' .. original_initial .. '/' .. curr_syllable.changed_initial) end -- Track assimilation only for manual override cases if not rule_applied and curr_syllable.changed_initial ~= original_initial then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track('cpx-pron/assimilation/' .. dialect .. '/' .. original_final_type .. '/' .. original_initial .. '/' .. curr_syllable.changed_initial) end -- Post-process nasalization local post_process_options = { syllable = curr_syllable, dialect = dialect } post_process_nasalization(post_process_options) table.insert(result, curr_syllable) end return result end local function generate_actual_pronunciation(syllable_infos) local pronunciations = {} for _, syllable in ipairs(syllable_infos) do -- Combine the changed components local pronunciation = syllable.changed_initial .. syllable.changed_final .. syllable.changed_tone table.insert(pronunciations, pronunciation) end return table.concat(pronunciations, " ") end local function generate_actual_pronunciation(syllable_infos) local pronunciations = {} for _, syllable in ipairs(syllable_infos) do -- Combine the changed components local pronunciation = syllable.changed_initial .. syllable.changed_final .. syllable.changed_tone table.insert(pronunciations, pronunciation) end return table.concat(pronunciations, " ") end local function get_ipa_value(options) -- Validation if not options.type or not options.dialect or not options.value then error("Missing required parameter for IPA lookup") end -- Get the appropriate lookup table local lookup_tables = { initials = initials, finals = finals, tones = tones } local table = lookup_tables[options.type] if not table then error("Invalid lookup type: " .. options.type) end if options.type == "initials" and options.value == "bh" then error(string.format( 'Invalid initial "bh" for %s dialect. Please use "w" instead.', options.dialect )) end if options.type == "tones" and options.value == "S5" then error('Invalid tone S5. Please use "6" instead.') end if options.type == "finals" then local base_final, has_old_nasal, has_new_nasal = handle_nasalization(options.value) local nasal_suffix = "" if has_old_nasal then nasal_suffix = "nn" require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track('cpx-pron/deprecated-nasalization') elseif has_new_nasal then nasal_suffix = "nn" end local result = table[options.dialect] and table[options.dialect][options.value] if not result then local corrected_final = nil if corrections.common[base_final] then corrected_final = corrections.common[base_final] elseif corrections[options.dialect] and corrections[options.dialect][base_final] then corrected_final = corrections[options.dialect][base_final] elseif has_old_nasal and not has_new_nasal then corrected_final = base_final nasal_suffix = "nn" end if corrected_final or (has_old_nasal and not has_new_nasal) then local corrected_value = corrected_final or base_final if has_old_nasal or has_new_nasal then corrected_value = corrected_value .. nasal_suffix end local full_syllable = "" if options.syllable_info then full_syllable = options.syllable_info.original_initial .. corrected_value .. options.syllable_info.original_tone end error(string.format( 'Invalid final "%s" for %s dialect. Please use "%s" instead.', options.value, options.dialect, full_syllable ~= "" and full_syllable:gsub("[AB]", "") or corrected_value )) end end end local result = table[options.dialect] and table[options.dialect][options.value] if not result then error(string.format( "Invalid %s %s for %s.", options.type:sub(1, -2), options.value, options.dialect )) end return result end local function get_ipa_components(options) local syllable_info = options.syllable_info local dialect = options.dialect -- Get basic components local components = { initial = get_ipa_value({ type = "initials", dialect = dialect, value = syllable_info.changed_initial, syllable_info = syllable_info }), final = get_ipa_value({ type = "finals", dialect = dialect, value = syllable_info.changed_final, syllable_info = syllable_info }), tone = get_ipa_value({ type = "tones", dialect = dialect, value = syllable_info.original_tone, syllable_info = syllable_info }) } -- Handle tone change if syllable_info.changed_tone ~= syllable_info.original_tone then local sandhi_tone = get_ipa_value({ type = "tones", dialect = dialect, value = syllable_info.changed_tone }) if not sandhi_tone then error("Invalid sandhi tone: " .. syllable_info.changed_tone .. " for dialect: " .. dialect) end components.tone = components.tone .. "⁻" .. sandhi_tone end return components end local function get_original_initial_display(options) local syllable_info = options.syllable_info local dialect = options.dialect -- Only show original initial for non-first syllables with changes if syllable_info.is_first_syllable or (syllable_info.original_initial == syllable_info.changed_initial) then return "" end -- Get IPA for original initial local ipa_initial = get_ipa_value({ type = "initials", dialect = dialect, value = syllable_info.original_initial, syllable_info = syllable_info }) return syllable_info.original_initial == "" and "<sup>(Ø-)</sup>" or "<sup>(" .. ipa_initial .. "-)</sup>" end local function syllable_to_ipa(options) local syllable_info = options.syllable_info local dialect = options.dialect -- Get IPA components local ipa_components = get_ipa_components({ syllable_info = syllable_info, dialect = dialect }) -- Generate display for changed initial if needed local original_initial_display = get_original_initial_display({ syllable_info = syllable_info, dialect = dialect }) -- Combine all parts return original_initial_display .. ipa_components.initial .. ipa_components.final .. ipa_components.tone end -- Generate IPA for the syllables local function generate_ipa(options) if not options or not options.syllable_infos then error("Missing required syllable_infos in generate_ipa") end local syllable_infos = options.syllable_infos local dialect = options.dialect local ipa_parts = {} for _, syllable_info in ipairs(syllable_infos) do table.insert(ipa_parts, syllable_to_ipa({ syllable_info = syllable_info, dialect = dialect })) end return table.concat(ipa_parts, " ") end -- Process a single pronunciation entry local function process_pronunciation(options) local result = { dialect_codes = options.dialect_codes, word = options.word, processed = {}, index = options.index } local dialect_list = split_dialect_codes(options.dialect_codes) -- Create syllable info objects for each syllable local syllable_options = { word = options.word, is_first_syllable = true } local original_syllable_infos = create_syllable_infos(syllable_options) -- Process for each dialect for i, dialect in ipairs(dialect_list) do local syllable_infos = m_table.deepCopy(original_syllable_infos) -- Apply phonological rules local processed_syllables = apply_initial_assimilation({ dialect = dialect, syllable_infos = syllable_infos }) apply_sandhi({ dialect = dialect, syllable_infos = processed_syllables }) -- Generate IPA and collect results local pronunciation_result = { dialect = dialect, dialect_position = i, original = options.word, actual = generate_actual_pronunciation(processed_syllables), ipa = generate_ipa({ syllable_infos = processed_syllables, dialect = dialect }), index = options.index, syllable_infos = processed_syllables } -- Generate BUC only for Putian if dialect == "pt" then pronunciation_result.buc = generate_buc({ syllable_infos = processed_syllables, dialect = dialect, word = options.word }) end table.insert(result.processed, pronunciation_result) end return result end -- Formatting helper functions local function font_consolas(text) -- return '<span style="font-family: Consolas, monospace;">' .. text .. '</span>' return '<span class="zhpron-monospace">' .. text .. '</span>' end local function font_ipa(text) return '<span class="IPA">/' .. text .. '/</span>' end local function clear_pinging_format(text) if not text then return "" end return text:gsub("%-S?%d", "") -- remove tone sandhi :gsub(">[a-zⁿ]+", "") -- remove irregular sound change :gsub("[#*^\\]+", "") -- remove special symbols :gsub("{[^}]+}", "") -- remove manual BUC :gsub("[AB]", "") -- remove A/B :gsub("(%d)", "<sup>%1</sup>") -- superscript tone numbers :gsub("S", "") -- remove "S" in special tones end -- Output formatting functions local function format_demo_output(options) local results = options.results local highlight_type = options.type or "default" local output = {} for _, result in ipairs(results) do for _, processed in ipairs(result.processed) do local syllable_infos = processed.syllable_infos local orig_parts = {} local actual_parts = {} -- Process each syllable for i, syllable_info in ipairs(syllable_infos) do local is_first = (i == 1) local is_last = (i == #syllable_infos) -- Process original syllable local orig_initial = syllable_info.original_initial local orig_final = syllable_info.original_final local orig_tone = syllable_info.original_tone:gsub("S", "") local orig_text = orig_initial .. orig_final -- Apply bold formatting based on highlight_type if highlight_type == "assim" and not is_first and orig_initial ~= "" then orig_text = "'''" .. orig_initial .. "'''" .. orig_final elseif highlight_type == "sandhi" and not is_last then orig_tone = "'''" .. orig_tone .. "'''" end -- Add tone as superscript and clear format orig_text = orig_text .. orig_tone:gsub("(%d)", "<sup>%1</sup>"):gsub("[AB]", "") table.insert(orig_parts, orig_text) -- Process actual syllable local actual_initial = syllable_info.changed_initial local actual_final = syllable_info.changed_final local actual_tone = syllable_info.changed_tone:gsub("S", "") local actual_text = actual_initial .. actual_final -- Apply bold formatting based on highlight_type if highlight_type == "assim" and not is_first and actual_initial ~= "" then -- Bold non-first syllable initials for assim type actual_text = "'''" .. actual_initial .. "'''" .. actual_final elseif highlight_type == "sandhi" and not is_last then -- Bold non-last syllable tones for sandhi type actual_tone = "'''" .. actual_tone .. "'''" end -- Add tone as superscript and clear format actual_text = actual_text .. actual_tone:gsub("(%d)", "<sup>%1</sup>"):gsub("[AB]", "") table.insert(actual_parts, actual_text) end -- Build the output line local line = table.concat(orig_parts, " ") line = line .. " → " .. table.concat(actual_parts, " ") -- Add IPA line = line .. "<br/>" .. font_ipa(processed.ipa) table.insert(output, line) end end return table.concat(output, "\n\n") end local function format_brief_output(options) local results = options.results local output_parts = {} local dialect_codes = {} local seen_pronunciations = {} local order = {} -- Collecte Pronunciation and dialect codes in their original order for _, result in ipairs(results) do if result.processed and #result.processed > 0 then local original = result.processed[1].original local cleared_text = clear_pinging_format(original) -- If the cleaned pronunciation has not appeared before, record its order if not seen_pronunciations[cleared_text] then seen_pronunciations[cleared_text] = { original = original, index = result.index } table.insert(order, cleared_text) end -- Collect dialect codes for _, processed in ipairs(result.processed) do if not dialect_codes[processed.dialect] then dialect_codes[processed.dialect] = true end end end end local dialect_codes_array = {} for code, _ in pairs(dialect_codes) do table.insert(dialect_codes_array, code) end local output = " " -- "Puxian Min" already written in zh-pron if #dialect_codes_array == 1 then output = output .. "<small>(<i>" .. dialects[dialect_codes_array[1]] .. ", " else output = output .. "<small>(<i>" end output = output .. "[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Puxian Min|Pouseng Ping'ing]]</i>): </small>" -- Generate the pronunciation parts in the original order if #order > 0 then local formatted = {} for _, cleared_text in ipairs(order) do table.insert(formatted, cleared_text) end output = output .. font_consolas(table.concat(formatted, " / ")) end return output end function format_complete_output(options) local results = options.results local output = {} local ordered_results = {} for _, result in ipairs(results) do table.insert(ordered_results, result) end table.sort(ordered_results, function(a, b) return a.index < b.index end) for _, result in ipairs(ordered_results) do local grouped = {} local group_keys = {} for _, processed in ipairs(result.processed) do local key = processed.original .. "|" .. processed.actual .. "|" .. processed.ipa if not grouped[key] then grouped[key] = { data = { original = processed.original, actual = processed.actual, ipa = processed.ipa, buc = processed.buc, dialect = processed.dialect }, dialects = {} } table.insert(group_keys, key) elseif not grouped[key].data.buc and processed.buc then grouped[key].data.buc = processed.buc grouped[key].data.dialect = processed.dialect end table.insert(grouped[key].dialects, { code = processed.dialect, position = processed.dialect_position }) end for _, key in ipairs(group_keys) do local group = grouped[key] table.sort(group.dialects, function(a, b) return a.position < b.position end) local dialect_names = {} for _, dialect_info in ipairs(group.dialects) do table.insert(dialect_names, dialects[dialect_info.code]) end table.insert(output, "\n** <small>(<i>" .. table.concat(dialect_names, ", ") .. "</i>)</small>") -- Pouseng Ping'ing table.insert(output, "\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Puxian Min|Pouseng Ping'ing]]</i></small>: " .. font_consolas(clear_pinging_format(group.data.original))) if clear_pinging_format(group.data.original) ~= clear_pinging_format(group.data.actual) then table.insert( output, font_consolas( " [<small>Phonetic</small>: " .. clear_pinging_format(group.data.actual) .. "]" ) ) end -- BUC if group.data.dialect == "pt" and group.data.buc then local displayed_buc = group.data.buc:gsub("%*", "") table.insert(output, "\n*** <small><i>[[w:Hinghwa Romanized|Báⁿ-uā-ci̍]]</i></small>: " .. font_consolas(displayed_buc)) end -- IPA table.insert(output, '\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ' .. '<sup>([[w:Pu–Xian Min|key]])</sup></small>: ' .. font_ipa(group.data.ipa)) end end return table.concat(output) end -- Main entry point function export.rom_display(text, mode, highlight_type) if type(text) == "table" then highlight_type = text.args.type mode = text.args[2] or mode text = text.args[1] end -- Parameter validation if not text or text == "" then error("Invalid input: text must be a non-empty string") end mode = mode or FORMAT_MODES.BRIEF highlight_type = highlight_type or "default" local pronunciation_data = { results = {}, mode = mode, type = highlight_type } -- Process each pronunciation in the input local index = 1 for pronunciation in text:gmatch("[^/]+") do local dialect_codes, word = pronunciation:match("^(.+):(.+)$") if not dialect_codes or not word then error("Invalid input format: " .. pronunciation) end local pron_options = { dialect_codes = dialect_codes, word = word, index = index } table.insert(pronunciation_data.results, process_pronunciation(pron_options)) index = index + 1 end -- Format output according to the specified mode if mode == FORMAT_MODES.BRIEF then return format_brief_output(pronunciation_data) elseif mode == FORMAT_MODES.COMPLETE then return format_complete_output(pronunciation_data) elseif mode == FORMAT_MODES.DEMO then return format_demo_output(pronunciation_data) else error("Unsupported mode: " .. mode) end end -- Convert single BUC syllable to PSP local function syllable_to_psp(input) local buc_to_psp_initials = { ["b"] = "b", ["ch"] = "c", ["c"] = "z", ["d"] = "d", ["g"] = "g", ["h"] = "h", ["k"] = "k", ["l"] = "l", ["m"] = "m", ["ng"] = "ng", ["n"] = "n", ["p"] = "p", ["s"] = "s", ["t"] = "t", [""] = "" } local buc_to_psp_finals = { ["a"] = "a", ["aⁿ"] = "a", ["ah"] = "ah", ["ah*"] = "a", ["ai"] = "ai", ["ang"] = "ang", ["au"] = "ao", ["a̤"] = "e", ["a̤ⁿ"] = "e", ["a̤h"] = "eh", ["a̤h*"] = "e", ["e"] = "ae", ["eh"] = "eh", ["eng"] = "eng", ["e̤"] = "oe", ["e̤ⁿ"] = "oe", ["e̤h"] = "oeh", ["e̤ng"] = "oeng", ["i"] = "i", ["ih"] = "ih", ["ih*"] = "i", ["ing"] = "ing", ["ia"] = "ia", ["iaⁿ"] = "ia", ["iah"] = "iah", ["iah*"] = "ia", ["iang"] = "ieng", ["iu"] = "iu", ["o"] = "ou", ["o̤"] = "or", ["o̤ⁿ"] = "or", ["o̤h"] = "orh", ["o̤h*"] = "or", ["o̤ng"] = "orng", ["eo"] = "o", ["eoh"] = "oh", ["eoh*"] = "o", ["eong"] = "ong", ["u"] = "u", ["uh"] = "uh", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uaⁿ"] = "ua", ["uah"] = "uah", ["uah*"] = "ua", ["uang"] = "uang", ["ui"] = "ui", ["uai"] = "uei", ["oi"] = "uei", ["oiⁿ"] = "uei", ["oih"] = "uei", ["oih*"] = "uei", ["ṳ"] = "y", ["ṳh"] = "yh", ["ṳng"] = "yng", ["io̤"] = "yor", ["io̤ⁿ"] = "yor", ["io̤h"] = "yorh", ["io̤h*"] = "yor", ["io̤ng"] = "yorng", ["ng"] = "ng", ["a̤u"] = "ieo", ["a̤uⁿ"] = "ieo", ["a̤uh"] = "ieoh", ["a̤uh*"] = "ieo" } -- Handle input parameter local syllable if type(input) == "table" then syllable = input.args[1] else syllable = input end if not syllable or syllable == "" then return syllable end -- Try to convert the syllable, return original if any error occurs local success, result = pcall(function() -- Decompose the syllable and check for validity local decomposed = mw.ustring.toNFD(syllable) if not decomposed then return syllable end -- Extract and remove tone marks local tone = "" if decomposed:find("́") then -- Tone 2: COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT tone = "2" decomposed = decomposed:gsub("́", "") elseif decomposed:find("̂") then -- Tone 3: COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT tone = "3" decomposed = decomposed:gsub("̂", "") elseif decomposed:find("̍") then -- Tone 4/7: COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE if decomposed:find("h%*$") then -- Special case: -h* ending -> tone 2 if not decomposed:find("̍") then -- If has h* but no vertical line return syllable end tone = "2" elseif decomposed:find("h$") then tone = "7" else tone = "4" end decomposed = decomposed:gsub("̍", "") elseif decomposed:find("̄") then -- Tone 5: COMBINING MACRON tone = "5" decomposed = decomposed:gsub("̄", "") else -- No tone mark: either tone 1 (no -h) or tone 6 (with -h) if decomposed:find("h$") and not decomposed:find("h%*$") then tone = "6" else tone = "1" end end -- Recompose and check validity local normalized = mw.ustring.toNFC(decomposed) if not normalized then return syllable end -- Special case: standalone `ng` syllable after tone removal if normalized == "ng" then return "ng" .. tone end -- Extract initial local initial = "" if normalized:match("^[Cc][Hh]") then initial = normalized:sub(1, 2):lower() normalized = normalized:sub(3) elseif normalized:match("^[Nn][Gg]") then initial = normalized:sub(1, 2):lower() normalized = normalized:sub(3) elseif normalized:match("^[BbCcDdFfGgHhKkLlMmNnPpSsTt]") then initial = normalized:sub(1, 1):lower() normalized = normalized:sub(2) end local psp_initial = buc_to_psp_initials[initial] or "" -- Process final -- Remove -h* marker if present (affects tone but not final lookup) local final = normalized:gsub("h%*$", "") -- Look up PSP final local psp_final = buc_to_psp_finals[final] if not psp_final then return syllable end -- Combine all parts to form complete PSP syllable return (psp_initial .. psp_final .. tone):lower() end) -- Return original syllable if conversion failed return success and result or syllable end -- Convert BUC to PSP (both single syllable and text) function export.buc_to_psp(input) -- Handle input parameter local text if type(input) == "table" then text = input.args[1] else text = input end if not text or text == "" then return text end -- Split text into parts by delimiters while keeping delimiters local parts = {} local last_pos = 1 local pattern = "[%s%-%.,;:!%?，。；：！？「」『』、]" for pos, delimiter in mw.ustring.gmatch(text, "()("..pattern..")") do if pos > last_pos then table.insert(parts, mw.ustring.sub(text, last_pos, pos - 1)) end table.insert(parts, delimiter) last_pos = pos + mw.ustring.len(delimiter) end -- Handle the last part if last_pos <= mw.ustring.len(text) then table.insert(parts, mw.ustring.sub(text, last_pos)) end -- Convert syllables and keep delimiters for i = 1, #parts do if not parts[i]:match("^[%s%-%.,;:!%?，。；：！？「」『』、]$") then parts[i] = syllable_to_psp(parts[i]) end end return table.concat(parts) end return export 4lfena0hpzo46f0z12rzrq0im1y9vlq 828 3786361 7240862 2026-07-06T10:25:40Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "-- This submodule supports the main module's function of converting Pouseng Ping'ing to Báⁿ-uā-ci̍. Please note that the pronunciation table may contain some errors or omissions that require verification. local export = {} export.buc = { ["一"] = {"ih", "seo̍h"}, ["丁"] = {"deng"}, ["七"] = {"chih"}, ["万"] = {"māng", "bo̤̍h"}, ["丈"] = {"dā̤uⁿ", "dah", "dn̄g", "diō̤ng"}, ["三"] = {"so̤ⁿ", "sang"}, ["上"] = {"sā̤uⁿ", "chā̤uⁿ", "..." 7240862 Scribunto text/plain -- This submodule supports the main module's function of converting Pouseng Ping'ing to Báⁿ-uā-ci̍. Please note that the pronunciation table may contain some errors or omissions that require verification. local export = {} export.buc = { ["一"] = {"ih", "seo̍h"}, ["丁"] = {"deng"}, ["七"] = {"chih"}, ["万"] = {"māng", "bo̤̍h"}, ["丈"] = {"dā̤uⁿ", "dah", "dn̄g", "diō̤ng"}, ["三"] = {"so̤ⁿ", "sang"}, ["上"] = {"sā̤uⁿ", "chā̤uⁿ", "siō̤ng", "siô̤ng"}, ["下"] = {"hā", "gō̤", "ō̤", "hō̤", "go̤h", "giā"}, ["丌"] = {"gi"}, ["不"] = {"beoh", "hâ̤u"}, ["丏"] = {"mêng"}, ["丐"] = {"ga̍i"}, ["丑"] = {"tiû"}, ["且"] = {"chiâⁿ"}, ["丕"] = {"pî"}, ["世"] = {"si̍", "sa̤̍", "sio̤̍"}, ["丘"] = {"ku", "kiu"}, ["丙"] = {"biâⁿ", "bîng"}, ["丞"] = {"síng"}, ["丟"] = {"diu"}, ["並"] = {"piāⁿ", "bīng", "bi̍ng"}, ["丫"] = {"a"}, ["中"] = {"do̤", "de̤ng", "de̤̍ng", "do̤ng"}, ["丮"] = {}, ["丰"] = {"ho̤ng"}, ["丱"] = {"gua̍ng"}, ["串"] = {"chua̍ⁿ", "chua̍ng"}, ["丸"] = {"óiⁿ"}, ["丹"] = {"dang"}, ["主"] = {"cṳ̂", "cô"}, ["乂"] = {"gi̍"}, ["乃"] = {"nâi", "nê"}, ["久"] = {"gû", "giû"}, ["乇"] = {"nō̤"}, ["么"] = {"a̤u"}, ["之"] = {"ci", "co", "ceo"}, ["尹"] = {"ṳ̂ng"}, ["乍"] = {"ca̍"}, ["乎"] = {"ho", "hó"}, ["乏"] = {"a̍h"}, ["乒"] = {"ping"}, ["乓"] = {"po̤ng", "bo̤ng"}, ["乖"] = {"guai"}, ["乘"] = {"chíng", "síng", "sīng"}, ["乙"] = {"ih"}, ["乜"] = {"mā̤"}, ["九"] = {"gâu", "giû"}, ["乞"] = {"keoh", "geoh", "gih"}, ["也"] = {"ah", "ā", "iâ"}, ["乩"] = {"gi"}, ["乳"] = {"cṳ̂"}, ["乾"] = {"gang", "guaⁿ", "gé̤ng", "do̤ⁿ"}, ["亂"] = {"luāng"}, ["了"] = {"lâ̤u"}, ["予"] = {"ṳ̄"}, ["事"] = {"seō", "dāi"}, ["二"] = {"dī", "cī", "ī"}, ["亍"] = {"che̤h"}, ["于"] = {"ṳ́"}, ["云"] = {"eóng"}, ["互"] = {"hō"}, ["亓"] = {"gí"}, ["五"] = {"gô", "ngō"}, ["井"] = {"câⁿ", "cîng"}, ["亙"] = {"gṳ̍ng"}, ["些"] = {"sia"}, ["亞"] = {"a̍"}, ["亟"] = {"gih"}, ["亡"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["亢"] = {}, ["交"] = {"gau", "ga̤u"}, ["亥"] = {"hāi"}, ["亦"] = {"ah", "i̍h"}, ["亨"] = {"heng"}, ["享"] = {"hiô̤ng"}, ["京"] = {"ging", "giaⁿ"}, ["亭"] = {"déng", "diáⁿ"}, ["亮"] = {"liō̤ng"}, ["亳"] = {"bo̤̍h"}, ["亶"] = {}, ["亹"] = {}, ["人"] = {"cíng", "náng"}, ["什"] = {"si̍h", "sīng"}, ["仁"] = {"cíng"}, ["仂"] = {}, ["仃"] = {}, ["仄"] = {"cā", "ceh"}, ["仆"] = {"bo̤̍h", "po̤h"}, ["仇"] = {"siú", "giú"}, ["仉"] = {"ciô̤ng"}, ["今"] = {"ging", "daⁿ"}, ["介"] = {"ga̍i"}, ["仍"] = {"cíng"}, ["仔"] = {"câi", "ceo", "ceô"}, ["仕"] = {"sāi", "seō"}, ["他"] = {"taⁿ"}, ["仗"] = {"diō̤ng"}, ["付"] = {"hu̍"}, ["仙"] = {"seng", "sing"}, ["仜"] = {}, ["仝"] = {}, ["仞"] = {"cīng"}, ["仟"] = {"cha̤ⁿ", "cheng"}, ["仡"] = {}, ["代"] = {"dāi"}, ["令"] = {"līng"}, ["以"] = {"î"}, ["仨"] = {}, ["仩"] = {}, ["仫"] = {"bo̤̍h"}, ["仰"] = {"ngiô̤ng", "ngâ̤u"}, ["仱"] = {"da"}, ["仲"] = {"dē̤ng"}, ["仳"] = {}, ["仵"] = {"gô", "ngō"}, ["件"] = {"giō̤ⁿ", "gē̤ng"}, ["价"] = {}, ["任"] = {"cīng", "cíng"}, ["份"] = {"heōng"}, ["仿"] = {"hô̤ng"}, ["伀"] = {}, ["企"] = {"kio̤̍", "ki̍"}, ["伃"] = {"ṳ́"}, ["伉"] = {"ko̤̍ng"}, ["伊"] = {"i"}, ["伋"] = {}, ["伌"] = {"eh"}, ["伍"] = {"gô"}, ["伎"] = {"gī"}, ["伏"] = {"ho̤̍h", "ba̍h", "pah", "bū"}, ["伐"] = {"hua̍h"}, ["休"] = {"hiu"}, ["伓"] = {"n̄g"}, ["伔"] = {}, ["伕"] = {"hu"}, ["优"] = {}, ["伙"] = {"hô̤", "hôi"}, ["伬"] = {}, ["伯"] = {"beh", "bā"}, ["估"] = {"gô"}, ["伴"] = {"puāng", "buāng", "puāⁿ"}, ["伶"] = {}, ["伸"] = {"cheong", "sing"}, ["伺"] = {"seō"}, ["伻"] = {}, ["似"] = {"sē", "seō"}, ["伽"] = {"ga"}, ["伾"] = {}, ["佁"] = {}, ["佃"] = {"déng", "dēng"}, ["但"] = {"dāng"}, ["佇"] = {"deó", "tṳ̂"}, ["佈"] = {"bo̍"}, ["佉"] = {}, ["佌"] = {}, ["位"] = {"ūi"}, ["低"] = {"da̤"}, ["住"] = {"cṳ̄", "do̍"}, ["佐"] = {"cô̤"}, ["佑"] = {"iū"}, ["佒"] = {}, ["体"] = {}, ["佔"] = {"cia̍ng"}, ["何"] = {"hó̤", "uá"}, ["佖"] = {}, ["佗"] = {"deoh", "dó̤"}, ["佘"] = {"siá"}, ["余"] = {"ṳ́"}, ["佚"] = {"di̍h", "i̍h"}, ["佛"] = {"heoh", "heo̍h"}, ["作"] = {"co̤h", "ceō"}, ["佝"] = {}, ["佞"] = {"nēng"}, ["佟"] = {}, ["你"] = {"nî", "cî"}, ["佢"] = {}, ["佣"] = {"ē̤ng"}, ["佤"] = {}, ["佧"] = {}, ["㑑"] = {"nâh"}, ["佩"] = {"bōi", "po̍i"}, ["佪"] = {"húi"}, ["佫"] = {}, ["佬"] = {"lô̤"}, ["佯"] = {"sió̤ng"}, ["佰"] = {"bā", "beh"}, ["佳"] = {"ga", "ga̤"}, ["佴"] = {"cī", "nāi"}, ["併"] = {"bi̍ng"}, ["佶"] = {"gih"}, ["佷"] = {}, ["佸"] = {}, ["佹"] = {}, ["佺"] = {}, ["佻"] = {"tâ̤u"}, ["佼"] = {}, ["佽"] = {}, ["佾"] = {"i̍h"}, ["使"] = {"seô", "seo̍", "sâi"}, ["侀"] = {}, ["侁"] = {}, ["侃"] = {"kâng"}, ["侄"] = {"di̍h"}, ["侅"] = {}, ["來"] = {"lí", "lái", "li̍h"}, ["侇"] = {}, ["侈"] = {"chî"}, ["侉"] = {}, ["例"] = {"lā̤"}, ["侍"] = {"sī", "sāi"}, ["侏"] = {"cṳ"}, ["侐"] = {"he̤h"}, ["侑"] = {}, ["侔"] = {}, ["侖"] = {"leóng"}, ["侗"] = {"dō̤ng", "dó̤ng", "tô̤ng"}, ["侘"] = {}, ["侚"] = {}, ["供"] = {"ge̤ng", "gē̤ng"}, ["侜"] = {}, ["依"] = {"i"}, ["侞"] = {}, ["価"] = {"sā̤"}, ["㑚"] = {"nâh", "na̍h"}, ["侮"] = {"bû", "bū"}, ["侯"] = {"āu", "há̤u", "gáu", "áu"}, ["侲"] = {}, ["侳"] = {}, ["侵"] = {"ching"}, ["侶"] = {"lṳ̂"}, ["侷"] = {}, ["侻"] = {}, ["便"] = {"bēng", "béng"}, ["俁"] = {}, ["係"] = {"hā̤"}, ["促"] = {"che̤h"}, ["俄"] = {"gó̤"}, ["俅"] = {"giú"}, ["俇"] = {}, ["俉"] = {}, ["俊"] = {"ceo̍ng"}, ["俋"] = {}, ["俍"] = {}, ["俎"] = {"cê̤"}, ["俏"] = {"sâu", "sa̤̍u"}, ["俐"] = {"lī"}, ["俑"] = {"ê̤ng"}, ["俓"] = {}, ["俔"] = {}, ["俗"] = {"se̤̍h"}, ["俘"] = {"hú"}, ["俙"] = {}, ["俚"] = {"lî"}, ["俛"] = {}, ["俜"] = {"ping"}, ["保"] = {"bô̤", "beô"}, ["俞"] = {"có", "cṳ́"}, ["俟"] = {"seō", "gí"}, ["俠"] = {"hia̍h"}, ["信"] = {"se̍ng", "si̍ng"}, ["俬"] = {"li", "seo"}, ["修"] = {"siu"}, ["俯"] = {"hû"}, ["俱"] = {"gṳ̄"}, ["俳"] = {"bái"}, ["俴"] = {}, ["俵"] = {}, ["俶"] = {}, ["俷"] = {}, ["俸"] = {"hô̤ng"}, ["俺"] = {"âng"}, ["俾"] = {}, ["倀"] = {"chio̤ng"}, ["倅"] = {}, ["倆"] = {"liô̤ng"}, ["倇"] = {}, ["倉"] = {"chng", "cho̤ng"}, ["個"] = {"gá̤", "ko̤̍"}, ["倌"] = {}, ["倍"] = {"bōi"}, ["倏"] = {"se̤h"}, ["們"] = {"meóng"}, ["倒"] = {"deô", "deo̍", "dô̤", "do̤̍"}, ["倓"] = {}, ["倔"] = {}, ["倕"] = {}, ["倖"] = {"hēng"}, ["倗"] = {}, ["倘"] = {"tô̤ng"}, ["候"] = {"hā̤u", "háu", "āu"}, ["倚"] = {"uâ", "î"}, ["倛"] = {}, ["倜"] = {}, ["倞"] = {}, ["借"] = {"ciā", "cā̤u"}, ["倠"] = {}, ["倡"] = {"chio̤̍ng"}, ["倢"] = {"cia̍h"}, ["倣"] = {}, ["倥"] = {}, ["倦"] = {"gē̤ng"}, ["倨"] = {}, ["倩"] = {"chia̍ⁿ", "che̍ng"}, ["倪"] = {"gá̤"}, ["倫"] = {"leóng"}, ["倬"] = {}, ["倭"] = {"eo"}, ["倰"] = {}, ["倳"] = {}, ["倷"] = {}, ["值"] = {"de̍h", "di̍h", "ci̍h", "si̍h"}, ["偁"] = {}, ["偃"] = {"êng", "ê̤ng"}, ["偅"] = {}, ["假"] = {"gâ", "gô̤"}, ["偈"] = {"ge̍h", "gī"}, ["偉"] = {"ûi"}, ["偊"] = {}, ["偋"] = {}, ["偌"] = {"dā̤u", "cio̤̍h"}, ["偍"] = {}, ["偎"] = {}, ["偏"] = {"peng"}, ["偓"] = {}, ["偕"] = {"gai"}, ["做"] = {"ceo̍"}, ["偛"] = {}, ["停"] = {"déng"}, ["偝"] = {}, ["偞"] = {}, ["偟"] = {}, ["偠"] = {}, ["偡"] = {}, ["偢"] = {}, ["健"] = {"giō̤ⁿ", "gē̤ng"}, ["偨"] = {}, ["偩"] = {}, ["偪"] = {}, ["偫"] = {}, ["偭"] = {"mêng"}, ["偯"] = {}, ["偰"] = {}, ["偲"] = {"chi"}, ["側"] = {"cheh"}, ["偵"] = {"cing"}, ["偶"] = {"gâ̤u"}, ["偷"] = {"tau"}, ["偺"] = {}, ["偽"] = {"gūi"}, ["傀"] = {"kûi"}, ["傂"] = {}, ["傃"] = {}, ["傅"] = {"bo̍", "hū"}, ["傋"] = {}, ["傌"] = {}, ["傍"] = {"bō̤ng"}, ["傎"] = {}, ["傑"] = {"gia̍h", "ge̍h"}, ["傒"] = {}, ["傔"] = {}, ["傕"] = {}, ["傖"] = {}, ["傘"] = {"sâng", "suâⁿ"}, ["備"] = {"bī"}, ["傚"] = {}, ["傛"] = {}, ["傜"] = {}, ["傝"] = {}, ["傞"] = {}, ["傢"] = {"go̤"}, ["傣"] = {}, ["催"] = {"chui"}, ["傭"] = {"ē̤ng"}, ["傮"] = {}, ["傯"] = {}, ["傰"] = {}, ["傱"] = {}, ["傲"] = {"gō̤"}, ["傳"] = {"dóiⁿ", "dé̤ng", "dē̤ng", "dōiⁿ"}, ["傴"] = {}, ["債"] = {"cua̍", "ca̍i"}, ["傷"] = {"sio̤ng", "sa̤uⁿ"}, ["傺"] = {}, ["傻"] = {"sá"}, ["傽"] = {}, ["傾"] = {"kṳng", "kṳ̂ng"}, ["傿"] = {}, ["僁"] = {}, ["僂"] = {}, ["僄"] = {"pa̤̍u"}, ["僅"] = {"gīng"}, ["僆"] = {"lê̤ng"}, ["僇"] = {}, ["僈"] = {}, ["僉"] = {"chiang"}, ["僊"] = {"seng"}, ["僋"] = {}, ["僎"] = {}, ["像"] = {"chā̤uⁿ", "siō̤ng"}, ["僑"] = {"gá̤u"}, ["僓"] = {}, ["僔"] = {"ceông"}, ["僕"] = {"po̤h", "bo̤̍h"}, ["僖"] = {"hi"}, ["僗"] = {}, ["僚"] = {"lá̤u"}, ["僛"] = {}, ["僜"] = {"deng"}, ["僝"] = {}, ["僞"] = {"gūi"}, ["僤"] = {}, ["僥"] = {"hâ̤u"}, ["僦"] = {}, ["僧"] = {"ceng"}, ["僨"] = {}, ["僩"] = {}, ["僪"] = {}, ["僬"] = {}, ["僭"] = {"chia̍ng"}, ["僮"] = {"dó̤ng"}, ["僰"] = {}, ["僱"] = {"go̍"}, ["僳"] = {}, ["僵"] = {"gio̤ng"}, ["僶"] = {}, ["僸"] = {}, ["價"] = {"go̤̍", "ga̍"}, ["僻"] = {"pih", "piā"}, ["僽"] = {}, ["僾"] = {}, ["僿"] = {}, ["儀"] = {"gí"}, ["儂"] = {"náng"}, ["儃"] = {}, ["億"] = {"ī", "ih"}, ["儆"] = {}, ["儇"] = {"se̤ng"}, ["儈"] = {}, ["儉"] = {"giāng"}, ["儋"] = {}, ["儌"] = {}, ["儐"] = {}, ["儑"] = {}, ["儒"] = {"cṳ́", "sṳ"}, ["儓"] = {}, ["儔"] = {}, ["儕"] = {}, ["儗"] = {}, ["儘"] = {}, ["儚"] = {}, ["儜"] = {}, ["償"] = {"sió̤ng"}, ["儠"] = {}, ["儡"] = {"lûi"}, ["儢"] = {}, ["儤"] = {}, ["儥"] = {}, ["儦"] = {}, ["優"] = {"iu"}, ["儰"] = {}, ["儱"] = {}, ["儲"] = {"tṳ́", "tû"}, ["儳"] = {}, ["儴"] = {}, ["儵"] = {}, ["儷"] = {"lā̤"}, ["儸"] = {}, ["儹"] = {}, ["儺"] = {"nō̤"}, ["儻"] = {}, ["儼"] = {"ngiâng"}, ["儽"] = {}, ["兀"] = {"geo̍h"}, ["允"] = {"ṳ̂ng"}, ["元"] = {"ngé̤ng", "ngéng", "ngói", "ngṳ́ng"}, ["兄"] = {"hiaⁿ", "hing"}, ["充"] = {"che̤ng"}, ["兆"] = {"dā̤u"}, ["兇"] = {"he̤ng"}, ["先"] = {"sa̤ⁿ", "seng"}, ["光"] = {"go̤ng", "gng"}, ["克"] = {"keh"}, ["兌"] = {"du̍i", "dōi"}, ["免"] = {"mêng"}, ["兒"] = {"cí"}, ["兔"] = {"to̍"}, ["兕"] = {}, ["兗"] = {"êng", "ê̤ng"}, ["兙"] = {}, ["党"] = {}, ["兛"] = {}, ["兜"] = {"dau"}, ["兝"] = {}, ["兞"] = {}, ["𠒣"] = {"híng"}, ["兡"] = {}, ["兢"] = {"king", "ging"}, ["兣"] = {}, ["入"] = {"di̍h", "ci̍h"}, ["內"] = {"dōi", "lī"}, ["全"] = {"có̤ⁿ", "cé̤ng", "cé̤ⁿ"}, ["兩"] = {"nâ̤u", "liô̤ng", "nn̄g"}, ["八"] = {"bā̤", "bah", "beh"}, ["公"] = {"gang", "go̤ng"}, ["六"] = {"la̍h", "le̤̍h"}, ["兮"] = {"há̤", "a̤", "geh", "eh"}, ["共"] = {"gē̤ng", "gāng"}, ["兵"] = {"bing"}, ["其"] = {"gí"}, ["具"] = {"gṳ̄"}, ["典"] = {"diâng", "dêng"}, ["兹"] = {"ceo"}, ["兼"] = {"giang"}, ["冀"] = {"gi̍"}, ["冇"] = {"po̤̍ⁿ", "bâu"}, ["冉"] = {"cîng"}, ["冊"] = {"chā", "cheh"}, ["再"] = {"ca̍i"}, ["冏"] = {}, ["冑"] = {}, ["冒"] = {"bō̤"}, ["冓"] = {}, ["冔"] = {"hṳ"}, ["冕"] = {"mêng"}, ["最"] = {"co̍i"}, ["冗"] = {}, ["冘"] = {}, ["冞"] = {}, ["冠"] = {"guang", "gua̍ng"}, ["冢"] = {"tê̤ng"}, ["冤"] = {"é̤ng", "eng", "e̤ng", "e̤̍ng"}, ["冥"] = {"míng", "méng"}, ["冪"] = {"bi̍h"}, ["𠖫"] = {"gâng"}, ["冫"] = {"bing"}, ["冬"] = {"dang", "do̤ng"}, ["冰"] = {"bing"}, ["冱"] = {"hō"}, ["冶"] = {"iâ"}, ["冷"] = {"lêng"}, ["冼"] = {}, ["冽"] = {}, ["凄"] = {}, ["凅"] = {}, ["准"] = {"ceông"}, ["凊"] = {"chi̍ng"}, ["凋"] = {"da̤u"}, ["凌"] = {"líng", "léng"}, ["凍"] = {"da̍ng", "do̤̍ng"}, ["凔"] = {}, ["凘"] = {}, ["凛"] = {"lîng"}, ["凜"] = {}, ["凝"] = {"ngíng", "ngiáng"}, ["几"] = {"gi"}, ["凡"] = {"háng"}, ["凰"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["凱"] = {"kâi"}, ["凳"] = {"de̍ng"}, ["凶"] = {"he̤ng"}, ["凸"] = {"tô"}, ["凹"] = {"au"}, ["出"] = {"chōi", "cheoh"}, ["凼"] = {"dō̤ng"}, ["函"] = {"háng"}, ["刀"] = {"deo", "do̤"}, ["刁"] = {"da̤u"}, ["刃"] = {"cīng"}, ["分"] = {"bēng", "beong", "heong", "heōng"}, ["切"] = {"cheh"}, ["刈"] = {}, ["刉"] = {}, ["刊"] = {"kang"}, ["刌"] = {}, ["刎"] = {"meông"}, ["刑"] = {"híng"}, ["划"] = {}, ["刓"] = {"uáng"}, ["刖"] = {}, ["列"] = {"le̍h"}, ["㓟"] = {"pī"}, ["㓠"] = {"dâ̤ⁿ"}, ["刜"] = {"beoh"}, ["初"] = {"che̤"}, ["刞"] = {}, ["刣"] = {"tái"}, ["判"] = {"pua̍ng", "pua̍ⁿ"}, ["別"] = {"beh", "be̍h", "bī"}, ["刨"] = {"bó̤", "pau", "ba̍u", "páu"}, ["利"] = {"lī", "lāi", "li̍", "liā"}, ["刪"] = {"sang"}, ["刮"] = {"guah", "guā"}, ["到"] = {"do̤̍", "ga̍u", "do̤̍h"}, ["刱"] = {}, ["刲"] = {}, ["刳"] = {}, ["刵"] = {"cī"}, ["制"] = {"ca̤̍"}, ["刷"] = {"suah"}, ["券"] = {"ge̤̍ng", "ke̤̍ng"}, ["刺"] = {"chi̍", "chiā", "chih", "cheo̍"}, ["刻"] = {"keh"}, ["剁"] = {}, ["剃"] = {"ti̍", "tī"}, ["剄"] = {}, ["剆"] = {}, ["則"] = {"ceh"}, ["剉"] = {}, ["削"] = {"sio̤h"}, ["剋"] = {}, ["剌"] = {}, ["前"] = {"sá̤ⁿ", "céng"}, ["剎"] = {"sah"}, ["剒"] = {}, ["剔"] = {}, ["剕"] = {}, ["剖"] = {"pâ̤u"}, ["剚"] = {}, ["剛"] = {"go̤ng"}, ["剜"] = {}, ["剝"] = {"bo̤h"}, ["剞"] = {}, ["剟"] = {"de̤h"}, ["剡"] = {}, ["剪"] = {"ciâng"}, ["剫"] = {}, ["剬"] = {}, ["剭"] = {}, ["副"] = {"hu̍"}, ["剩"] = {"sīng", "dīng"}, ["割"] = {"guā", "gah", "geh"}, ["剴"] = {}, ["創"] = {"cho̤̍ng", "cho̤ng"}, ["剷"] = {"châng", "tiô̤ⁿ"}, ["剸"] = {}, ["剺"] = {}, ["剻"] = {}, ["剼"] = {}, ["剽"] = {"pá̤u"}, ["剾"] = {"kau"}, ["剿"] = {"cáu", "cá̤u"}, ["㔃"] = {"sa̤̍h*"}, ["劀"] = {}, ["劁"] = {}, ["劂"] = {}, ["劃"] = {"he̍h", "hua̍h", "ua̍h"}, ["劄"] = {}, ["劇"] = {"gi̍h"}, ["劈"] = {"pih"}, ["劉"] = {"láu", "liú"}, ["劊"] = {"go̍i"}, ["劋"] = {}, ["劌"] = {}, ["劍"] = {"gia̍ng"}, ["𠟶"] = {"to̤h"}, ["劑"] = {"ca̤"}, ["劓"] = {}, ["劖"] = {}, ["劗"] = {}, ["劘"] = {}, ["劙"] = {}, ["劚"] = {"de̤h"}, ["力"] = {"li̍h"}, ["功"] = {"go̤ng", "gang"}, ["加"] = {"ga"}, ["劣"] = {"leh"}, ["劦"] = {}, ["助"] = {"cē̤"}, ["努"] = {"nō"}, ["劫"] = {"giah"}, ["劬"] = {"kṳ"}, ["劭"] = {"sā̤u"}, ["効"] = {"ha̍u"}, ["劼"] = {}, ["劾"] = {}, ["勁"] = {"gi̍ng"}, ["勃"] = {"bo̤̍h"}, ["勇"] = {"ê̤ng"}, ["勉"] = {"mêng"}, ["勍"] = {}, ["勐"] = {"mêng"}, ["勒"] = {"leh"}, ["動"] = {"dāng", "dō̤ng"}, ["勖"] = {"he̤h"}, ["勘"] = {"ka̍ng"}, ["務"] = {"bū"}, ["勛"] = {"heong"}, ["勝"] = {"si̍ng"}, ["勞"] = {"ló̤", "lō̤"}, ["募"] = {"bō"}, ["勢"] = {"ni̍", "li̍", "si̍", "sa̤̍"}, ["勣"] = {}, ["勤"] = {"gṳ́ng", "kṳ́ng"}, ["勦"] = {}, ["𠢕"] = {"gáu"}, ["勩"] = {}, ["勰"] = {}, ["勱"] = {}, ["勳"] = {"heong"}, ["勴"] = {}, ["勵"] = {"lā̤"}, ["勸"] = {"ko̍iⁿ", "ke̤̍ng"}, ["勺"] = {"sio̤h"}, ["勻"] = {"eóng", "seóng"}, ["勼"] = {"giu"}, ["勾"] = {"gau", "ga̤u"}, ["勿"] = {"beo̍h"}, ["包"] = {"bau"}, ["匆"] = {"cho̤ng"}, ["匈"] = {"he̤ng"}, ["匊"] = {}, ["匍"] = {}, ["匏"] = {"bú"}, ["匐"] = {"ho̤̍h"}, ["匕"] = {"pî"}, ["化"] = {"hua̍"}, ["北"] = {"bah", "bo̤h", "bō̤"}, ["匙"] = {"lí", "sí"}, ["匜"] = {}, ["匝"] = {"cah"}, ["匠"] = {"ciō̤ng"}, ["匡"] = {"ko̤ng"}, ["匢"] = {}, ["匣"] = {"ha̍h", "ko̤̍h"}, ["匪"] = {"hi"}, ["匭"] = {}, ["匯"] = {"hōi"}, ["匰"] = {}, ["匱"] = {}, ["匴"] = {}, ["匷"] = {}, ["㔶"] = {"gâng"}, ["匹"] = {"pih"}, ["匼"] = {}, ["匽"] = {}, ["匾"] = {"bâng"}, ["匿"] = {"ni̍h"}, ["區"] = {"au", "kṳ"}, ["十"] = {"se̍h", "si̍h", "sé"}, ["千"] = {"cha̤ⁿ", "cheng"}, ["卅"] = {"sah"}, ["升"] = {"cing", "sing"}, ["午"] = {"gô"}, ["卉"] = {}, ["半"] = {"bua̍ⁿ", "bua̍ng"}, ["卌"] = {"si̍"}, ["卍"] = {}, ["卑"] = {"bi"}, ["卒"] = {"ceoh"}, ["卓"] = {"deō", "do̤h"}, ["協"] = {"hia̍h"}, ["南"] = {"náng"}, ["博"] = {"bo̤̍h", "po̤h", "bo̤h"}, ["卜"] = {"bo̤h", "beoh"}, ["卞"] = {"bēng"}, ["占"] = {"ciang", "cia̍ng"}, ["卡"] = {"ka̍h*"}, ["卣"] = {}, ["卦"] = {"gua̍"}, ["卨"] = {"seh"}, ["卬"] = {}, ["卮"] = {}, ["卯"] = {"bâu"}, ["印"] = {"i̍ng"}, ["危"] = {"gúi"}, ["即"] = {"dih", "cih"}, ["卵"] = {"nō̤", "nē̤", "luâng"}, ["卷"] = {"go̍iⁿ", "gê̤ng"}, ["卸"] = {"sia̍"}, ["卹"] = {}, ["卻"] = {"kio̤h"}, ["卼"] = {}, ["卿"] = {"king"}, ["厂"] = {}, ["厄"] = {"eh"}, ["厎"] = {}, ["厒"] = {}, ["厓"] = {"gái"}, ["厖"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["厗"] = {}, ["厙"] = {"sia̍"}, ["厚"] = {"gāu", "hā̤u", "āu"}, ["厜"] = {}, ["厝"] = {"cho̍"}, ["厞"] = {}, ["原"] = {"ngói", "ngé̤ng"}, ["虒"] = {}, ["厤"] = {}, ["厥"] = {"ke̤h"}, ["厬"] = {}, ["厭"] = {"ia̍ng"}, ["厲"] = {"lī", "lā̤"}, ["厹"] = {}, ["去"] = {"kṳ̍", "gṳh"}, ["參"] = {"chang"}, ["叄"] = {"sang"}, ["又"] = {"iū"}, ["叉"] = {"cho̤"}, ["及"] = {"gi̍h"}, ["友"] = {"iû"}, ["反"] = {"bâ̤ⁿ", "huâng"}, ["叔"] = {"se̤h", "ce̤h"}, ["取"] = {"chṳ̂"}, ["受"] = {"siū"}, ["叛"] = {"pua̍ng", "puāng"}, ["叟"] = {"sa̤̍u"}, ["叡"] = {}, ["叢"] = {"sáng", "só̤ng"}, ["口"] = {"kâu", "kâ̤u"}, ["古"] = {"gô", "kô"}, ["句"] = {"gu̍", "gṳ̍"}, ["另"] = {"līng"}, ["叨"] = {"to̤"}, ["叩"] = {"ko̤̍", "ka̤̍u"}, ["只"] = {"ciā", "neoh", "cî"}, ["叫"] = {"ga̤̍u"}, ["召"] = {"dā̤u", "cā̤u"}, ["叭"] = {"ba"}, ["叮"] = {"de̍ng"}, ["可"] = {"kô̤"}, ["台"] = {"dái", "tai"}, ["叱"] = {"chih"}, ["史"] = {"seô"}, ["右"] = {"iū"}, ["叵"] = {"pô̤"}, ["司"] = {"seo", "si"}, ["叻"] = {}, ["叼"] = {}, ["吁"] = {"hṳ", "ṳ́"}, ["吃"] = {"chi̍h", "ka̤̍"}, ["各"] = {"go̤h", "gah"}, ["吆"] = {}, ["合"] = {"gah", "ga̍h", "ha̍h", "a̍h", "ko̤̍h*", "ko̤̍h", "ho̤̍h"}, ["吉"] = {"gih", "geh"}, ["吊"] = {"da̤̍u"}, ["吋"] = {"cheo̍ng"}, ["同"] = {"dáng", "dó̤ng"}, ["名"] = {"miá", "míng"}, ["后"] = {"hā̤u"}, ["吏"] = {"lī", "li̍"}, ["吐"] = {"to̍"}, ["向"] = {"ha̤̍uⁿ", "hio̤̍ng"}, ["吒"] = {"ca"}, ["吓"] = {"a", "ah"}, ["㕫"] = {"hng"}, ["君"] = {"geong"}, ["吝"] = {"līng"}, ["吞"] = {"teong"}, ["吟"] = {"ngíng"}, ["吠"] = {"būi", "hi̍"}, ["否"] = {"pî", "hâ̤u"}, ["吧"] = {"ba"}, ["吩"] = {"huang", "heong"}, ["吪"] = {}, ["含"] = {"háng", "gáng"}, ["听"] = {}, ["吭"] = {"kaⁿ"}, ["吮"] = {"sē̤ⁿ", "cū"}, ["吰"] = {}, ["吱"] = {"ci"}, ["吳"] = {"gó"}, ["吵"] = {"cháu", "cho̤̍", "châu", "chô̤"}, ["吶"] = {}, ["吷"] = {}, ["吸"] = {"kih", "gih"}, ["吹"] = {"choi"}, ["吻"] = {"meông"}, ["吼"] = {"hâu"}, ["吽"] = {"heong"}, ["吾"] = {"gó"}, ["呀"] = {}, ["呂"] = {"lṳ̂"}, ["呃"] = {}, ["呆"] = {"dai", "gái"}, ["呈"] = {"dáⁿ", "díng"}, ["告"] = {"go̤̍", "geo̍"}, ["呎"] = {}, ["呔"] = {}, ["㕷"] = {"ba̤"}, ["呢"] = {"ní"}, ["呥"] = {}, ["呦"] = {"iu"}, ["周"] = {"ciu"}, ["呫"] = {}, ["呬"] = {}, ["呰"] = {}, ["呱"] = {}, ["味"] = {"bī", "māi"}, ["呴"] = {"hṳ", "hâ̤u", "ga̤̍u"}, ["呵"] = {}, ["呶"] = {}, ["呷"] = {}, ["呸"] = {"pu̍i"}, ["呺"] = {}, ["呻"] = {"cheng", "sing"}, ["呼"] = {"ho", "ko"}, ["命"] = {"miā", "mīng"}, ["呾"] = {}, ["呿"] = {}, ["咀"] = {}, ["咁"] = {}, ["咂"] = {"cah"}, ["咄"] = {}, ["咆"] = {"páu", "bó̤"}, ["咇"] = {}, ["咈"] = {}, ["咋"] = {}, ["和"] = {"hó̤"}, ["咍"] = {}, ["咎"] = {"giū"}, ["咐"] = {"nu̍", "hu̍"}, ["咑"] = {}, ["咒"] = {"ciu̍"}, ["咔"] = {"kâ"}, ["咕"] = {"gu"}, ["咖"] = {"ka"}, ["咚"] = {"dng", "do̤ng"}, ["咠"] = {}, ["咡"] = {"cī"}, ["咢"] = {"go̤̍h"}, ["咤"] = {"ca̍"}, ["咥"] = {}, ["咦"] = {}, ["咧"] = {"leh"}, ["咨"] = {}, ["咩"] = {"ma̤"}, ["咪"] = {"mi", "bí"}, ["咫"] = {"cî"}, ["咬"] = {"gō̤", "gâu", "ngāu"}, ["咭"] = {}, ["咮"] = {"cú"}, ["咯"] = {"ka̍h", "lo̤̍h"}, ["咱"] = {}, ["咳"] = {"keh", "kê̤"}, ["咶"] = {}, ["咷"] = {}, ["咸"] = {"giáng", "háng"}, ["咺"] = {}, ["咻"] = {"hiu"}, ["咼"] = {}, ["咽"] = {}, ["咿"] = {"i"}, ["哀"] = {"ai"}, ["品"] = {"pîng"}, ["哂"] = {"se", "sîng"}, ["哃"] = {}, ["哄"] = {"hō̤ng", "hô̤ng"}, ["哅"] = {}, ["哆"] = {"deo"}, ["哇"] = {"ua"}, ["哈"] = {"hah", "ha̍h", "ha", "ho̤"}, ["哉"] = {"cai"}, ["哊"] = {"e̤h"}, ["哎"] = {}, ["哏"] = {}, ["哖"] = {}, ["哚"] = {"dô̤"}, ["哞"] = {"mó"}, ["員"] = {"é̤ng"}, ["哢"] = {}, ["哤"] = {}, ["哥"] = {"go̤", "geo"}, ["哦"] = {}, ["哧"] = {}, ["哨"] = {"sa̍u"}, ["哩"] = {"lî"}, ["哪"] = {"ná", "nâ"}, ["哫"] = {}, ["哭"] = {"ko̤h", "ka̍u"}, ["哮"] = {"hau"}, ["哲"] = {"deh", "ceh"}, ["哳"] = {}, ["哺"] = {"bō"}, ["哼"] = {}, ["哽"] = {"gâⁿ", "gêng"}, ["哿"] = {}, ["唁"] = {}, ["唄"] = {"bo̍i"}, ["唅"] = {}, ["唆"] = {"so̤", "seo"}, ["唇"] = {}, ["唈"] = {}, ["唉"] = {"ái"}, ["唌"] = {}, ["唏"] = {}, ["唐"] = {"dó̤ng", "dńg"}, ["唑"] = {"co̤h"}, ["唒"] = {}, ["唔"] = {}, ["唗"] = {}, ["唚"] = {}, ["唦"] = {"sa̍h"}, ["唧"] = {}, ["𠲿"] = {"sū"}, ["㖠"] = {"nâi", "nê"}, ["唩"] = {"â̤"}, ["唪"] = {}, ["唬"] = {"hô"}, ["售"] = {"siú"}, ["唯"] = {"bí"}, ["唰"] = {}, ["唱"] = {"cha̤̍uⁿ", "chio̤̍ng"}, ["唲"] = {}, ["唳"] = {"lā̤"}, ["唴"] = {}, ["唵"] = {}, ["唶"] = {}, ["唷"] = {}, ["唸"] = {"niāng"}, ["唼"] = {"cah"}, ["唾"] = {"tu̍i"}, ["唿"] = {"heoh"}, ["啀"] = {"gá"}, ["啁"] = {}, ["啃"] = {"kêng"}, ["啄"] = {"dē̤", "do̤h"}, ["啅"] = {}, ["商"] = {"sio̤ng"}, ["啊"] = {"ā", "a", "ah"}, ["啍"] = {}, ["啎"] = {}, ["問"] = {"meōng"}, ["啐"] = {"tu̍i"}, ["啑"] = {"cia̍h"}, ["啒"] = {}, ["啓"] = {"ká̤"}, ["啕"] = {}, ["啖"] = {"dāng"}, ["啗"] = {}, ["啜"] = {"chōi", "che̤h"}, ["啞"] = {"ō̤", "â", "ô̤"}, ["啡"] = {"bi", "hi"}, ["啢"] = {}, ["啣"] = {}, ["啤"] = {"bi̍"}, ["啥"] = {}, ["啦"] = {"lā"}, ["啪"] = {}, ["啱"] = {"ngang"}, ["啵"] = {}, ["啶"] = {}, ["啷"] = {}, ["㖹"] = {"beóng"}, ["啻"] = {"chi̍"}, ["啼"] = {"tí", "tá̤", "tṳ́"}, ["啽"] = {}, ["啾"] = {}, ["喀"] = {}, ["喁"] = {}, ["喂"] = {"ôi"}, ["喃"] = {"náng"}, ["善"] = {"sēng"}, ["喇"] = {"la"}, ["喈"] = {}, ["喉"] = {"áu", "há̤u"}, ["喊"] = {"hâng"}, ["喋"] = {"cia̍h", "dia̍h"}, ["喌"] = {"ciu"}, ["喏"] = {}, ["喑"] = {}, ["喒"] = {}, ["喓"] = {}, ["喔"] = {}, ["喘"] = {"chê̤ng"}, ["喙"] = {"chu̍i", "ho̍i"}, ["喚"] = {"hua̍ng"}, ["喜"] = {"hî"}, ["喝"] = {"huā", "heh"}, ["喟"] = {}, ["喢"] = {}, ["喣"] = {}, ["喤"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["喥"] = {}, ["喦"] = {}, ["喧"] = {"se̤ng"}, ["喨"] = {}, ["喩"] = {"cō"}, ["喪"] = {"so̤ng", "so̤̍ng"}, ["喫"] = {"ka̤̍"}, ["喬"] = {"gá̤u"}, ["喭"] = {}, ["單"] = {"duaⁿ", "dang", "séng", "sēng"}, ["喱"] = {}, ["喲"] = {}, ["喳"] = {}, ["喵"] = {"ma̤u", "mau"}, ["喻"] = {"cṳ̄"}, ["喍"] = {}, ["喿"] = {}, ["嗀"] = {}, ["嗃"] = {}, ["嗄"] = {"hâ"}, ["嗅"] = {"chiu̍"}, ["嗆"] = {"che̤̍ng"}, ["嗇"] = {"seh"}, ["嗈"] = {}, ["嗉"] = {}, ["嗊"] = {}, ["嗋"] = {}, ["嗌"] = {}, ["嗎"] = {"mâ"}, ["嗏"] = {}, ["嗐"] = {}, ["嗑"] = {"he̍h", "ha̍h", "ke̍h"}, ["嗒"] = {}, ["嗓"] = {"sô̤ng", "sn̂g"}, ["嗔"] = {}, ["嗕"] = {}, ["嗖"] = {}, ["嗚"] = {}, ["嗛"] = {"gó̤ⁿ"}, ["嗜"] = {"sī"}, ["嗝"] = {}, ["嗟"] = {}, ["嗡"] = {"o̤ng"}, ["嗢"] = {}, ["嗣"] = {"seō"}, ["嗤"] = {"chi"}, ["嗥"] = {}, ["嗦"] = {"seo"}, ["嗧"] = {}, ["嗨"] = {"hai"}, ["嗩"] = {}, ["嗯"] = {}, ["嗲"] = {}, ["嗶"] = {}, ["嗷"] = {"ngó̤"}, ["嗺"] = {}, ["嗻"] = {"ciā"}, ["嗼"] = {}, ["嗽"] = {}, ["嗾"] = {}, ["嗿"] = {}, ["嘀"] = {"di"}, ["嘁"] = {}, ["嘂"] = {}, ["嘄"] = {}, ["嘆"] = {"ta̍ng"}, ["嘈"] = {"có̤"}, ["嘉"] = {"ga"}, ["嘌"] = {"pa̤u"}, ["嘍"] = {"lô"}, ["嘎"] = {}, ["嘏"] = {}, ["嘐"] = {}, ["嘒"] = {}, ["嘓"] = {}, ["嘔"] = {"ê̤", "iô̤"}, ["嘕"] = {}, ["嘖"] = {}, ["嘗"] = {"sió̤ng"}, ["嘛"] = {}, ["嘜"] = {}, ["嘝"] = {}, ["嘧"] = {}, ["噓"] = {"hṳ"}, ["嘟"] = {"du"}, ["嘩"] = {"hua", "huá"}, ["嘬"] = {"ceô"}, ["嘮"] = {"lau"}, ["嘯"] = {"sa̤̍u"}, ["嘰"] = {}, ["嘲"] = {"da̤u"}, ["嘳"] = {}, ["嘴"] = {}, ["嘵"] = {}, ["嘶"] = {"seo"}, ["嘸"] = {}, ["嘹"] = {}, ["嘻"] = {"hí", "hi"}, ["嘽"] = {}, ["嘾"] = {}, ["嘿"] = {}, ["噀"] = {}, ["噁"] = {}, ["噂"] = {"ceông"}, ["噅"] = {}, ["噆"] = {}, ["噇"] = {"ché̤ng"}, ["噈"] = {}, ["噉"] = {}, ["噊"] = {}, ["噌"] = {}, ["噍"] = {}, ["噎"] = {}, ["噏"] = {"hih"}, ["噗"] = {"po̤h"}, ["噘"] = {}, ["噙"] = {}, ["噚"] = {}, ["噴"] = {"peo̍ng"}, ["噞"] = {}, ["噠"] = {}, ["噢"] = {"ō̤ⁿ"}, ["噣"] = {}, ["噤"] = {}, ["噥"] = {}, ["噦"] = {}, ["器"] = {"ki̍"}, ["噩"] = {"go̤̍h"}, ["噪"] = {"so̤̍"}, ["噫"] = {}, ["噬"] = {"sā̤"}, ["噭"] = {}, ["噮"] = {}, ["噯"] = {}, ["噰"] = {}, ["噱"] = {}, ["噲"] = {}, ["噳"] = {}, ["噶"] = {}, ["噸"] = {"deo̍ng"}, ["噹"] = {"dng"}, ["噼"] = {"pih"}, ["𠿋"] = {"eo̍h"}, ["嚀"] = {}, ["嚃"] = {}, ["嚄"] = {}, ["嚅"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["嚆"] = {}, ["嚇"] = {"he̍h", "hiâⁿ"}, ["嚌"] = {}, ["嚍"] = {}, ["嚎"] = {}, ["嚏"] = {}, ["嚐"] = {"sió̤ng"}, ["嚓"] = {}, ["嚕"] = {}, ["嚗"] = {}, ["嚘"] = {}, ["嚙"] = {"ka̤̍"}, ["嚚"] = {}, ["嚜"] = {}, ["嚥"] = {}, ["嚦"] = {}, ["嚧"] = {}, ["嚨"] = {"lá̤", "ló̤ng"}, ["嚪"] = {}, ["嚫"] = {}, ["嚬"] = {}, ["嚭"] = {}, ["嚮"] = {"ha̤̍uⁿ", "hio̤̍ng"}, ["㘓"] = {"nuâ"}, ["嚱"] = {"hi"}, ["嚲"] = {"dô̤"}, ["嚳"] = {}, ["嚴"] = {"ngiáng"}, ["嚵"] = {}, ["嚶"] = {}, ["嚷"] = {"ciô̤ng"}, ["嚼"] = {}, ["嚽"] = {}, ["嚾"] = {}, ["囀"] = {}, ["囁"] = {}, ["囂"] = {"ha̤u", "gó̤"}, ["囃"] = {}, ["囍"] = {}, ["囅"] = {}, ["囆"] = {}, ["囈"] = {}, ["囉"] = {}, ["囊"] = {"náng", "nó̤ng"}, ["囋"] = {}, ["囌"] = {}, ["囑"] = {"ce̤h"}, ["囓"] = {}, ["囔"] = {}, ["囗"] = {}, ["囚"] = {"siú"}, ["四"] = {"si̍", "seo̍"}, ["囝"] = {"giô̤ⁿ", "gê̤ng"}, ["回"] = {"hói"}, ["囟"] = {}, ["因"] = {"ing"}, ["囡"] = {}, ["囤"] = {"deông"}, ["囥"] = {"kn̍g"}, ["囧"] = {}, ["囪"] = {"cho̤ng"}, ["囫"] = {"heoh"}, ["囮"] = {}, ["困"] = {"keo̍ng"}, ["囷"] = {}, ["囹"] = {}, ["固"] = {"go̍"}, ["囿"] = {"iū"}, ["圁"] = {}, ["圂"] = {}, ["圃"] = {"pô"}, ["圄"] = {}, ["圇"] = {"leóng"}, ["圈"] = {"ke̤ng", "kio̤ⁿ"}, ["圉"] = {}, ["圊"] = {}, ["國"] = {"go̤h"}, ["圌"] = {}, ["圍"] = {"úi"}, ["園"] = {"hóiⁿ", "é̤ng"}, ["圓"] = {"é̤ng", "íng"}, ["圖"] = {"dó"}, ["團"] = {"duáng", "tuáng"}, ["圜"] = {"huáng", "é̤ng"}, ["㘥"] = {"iú"}, ["圞"] = {"luáng"}, ["土"] = {"tô"}, ["圠"] = {}, ["在"] = {"cāi", "diō̤"}, ["圩"] = {}, ["圬"] = {}, ["圭"] = {"ga̤"}, ["圮"] = {}, ["圯"] = {}, ["地"] = {"dā̤", "de̤̍"}, ["圳"] = {"ceo̍ng"}, ["圻"] = {}, ["圾"] = {"kih"}, ["址"] = {"cî"}, ["坁"] = {}, ["坂"] = {"buâⁿ", "buâng"}, ["坅"] = {}, ["均"] = {"gṳng"}, ["坊"] = {"ho̤ng", "hng"}, ["坌"] = {}, ["坍"] = {"dang"}, ["坎"] = {"ngâng", "kâng"}, ["坏"] = {}, ["坐"] = {"sē̤", "co̤h", "cō̤"}, ["坑"] = {"kaⁿ", "keng"}, ["坡"] = {"bo̤", "bo̤ⁿ", "bo"}, ["坤"] = {"keong"}, ["坦"] = {"tâng", "tiô̤ⁿ"}, ["坩"] = {"ko̤ⁿ"}, ["坪"] = {"báⁿ", "píng", "piáⁿ"}, ["坫"] = {"dia̍ng"}, ["坭"] = {}, ["坯"] = {"poi", "pi"}, ["坰"] = {}, ["坱"] = {}, ["坲"] = {}, ["坳"] = {}, ["坴"] = {}, ["坵"] = {"ku"}, ["坶"] = {}, ["坷"] = {"kô̤", "ko̤"}, ["坻"] = {}, ["坼"] = {"cheh"}, ["垀"] = {}, ["垂"] = {"súi", "túi"}, ["垃"] = {"la̍h*", "la", "la̍h"}, ["型"] = {"híng"}, ["垌"] = {"dō̤ng"}, ["垓"] = {}, ["垔"] = {}, ["垕"] = {"hā̤u"}, ["垗"] = {}, ["垘"] = {}, ["垛"] = {"dô̤"}, ["垝"] = {}, ["垞"] = {"ta̍h*"}, ["垟"] = {}, ["垠"] = {"ngṳ́ng"}, ["垡"] = {"hua̍h"}, ["垢"] = {"gâu"}, ["垣"] = {"hé̤ng"}, ["垤"] = {}, ["垨"] = {"siû"}, ["垮"] = {"kuá"}, ["垵"] = {}, ["城"] = {"siáⁿ", "síng"}, ["垺"] = {}, ["垼"] = {}, ["垽"] = {}, ["垿"] = {"sṳ̄"}, ["埂"] = {"gêng"}, ["埃"] = {"ai"}, ["埆"] = {}, ["埋"] = {"bái", "dái"}, ["埌"] = {}, ["埏"] = {}, ["埒"] = {}, ["埔"] = {"bo", "bō", "pô"}, ["埕"] = {"diáⁿ", "díng"}, ["㙍"] = {"de̤h"}, ["埜"] = {}, ["域"] = {"ṳ̍h"}, ["埠"] = {"bō"}, ["埢"] = {}, ["埤"] = {}, ["埭"] = {"dā̤", "dē̤", "dūi"}, ["埲"] = {"peông"}, ["埳"] = {}, ["埴"] = {}, ["埵"] = {"dô̤"}, ["埶"] = {}, ["執"] = {"cih"}, ["埸"] = {}, ["培"] = {"bói"}, ["基"] = {"gi"}, ["埻"] = {"ceông"}, ["埽"] = {"seō"}, ["埾"] = {"sō"}, ["堀"] = {"keoh"}, ["堂"] = {"dńg", "dó̤ng"}, ["堃"] = {"keong"}, ["堅"] = {"geng"}, ["堆"] = {"dui"}, ["堇"] = {}, ["堈"] = {}, ["堉"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["堊"] = {"a̍", "o̍"}, ["堋"] = {}, ["堔"] = {}, ["堘"] = {"chíng"}, ["堙"] = {}, ["堝"] = {}, ["堞"] = {}, ["堠"] = {"hā̤u"}, ["堡"] = {"bô̤"}, ["堣"] = {}, ["堤"] = {"dá̤", "dúi"}, ["堥"] = {}, ["堧"] = {"cé̤ng"}, ["堨"] = {}, ["堩"] = {}, ["堪"] = {"kang"}, ["堯"] = {"gá̤u"}, ["堰"] = {"e̍ng"}, ["報"] = {"bo̤̍", "beo̍"}, ["堲"] = {}, ["場"] = {"dá̤uⁿ", "dió̤ng"}, ["堵"] = {"dô"}, ["堷"] = {}, ["塈"] = {}, ["塃"] = {"ho̤ng"}, ["塉"] = {}, ["塊"] = {"kua̍i"}, ["塋"] = {}, ["塌"] = {"tah"}, ["塍"] = {"chéng"}, ["塏"] = {}, ["塑"] = {"so̍"}, ["塒"] = {"sí"}, ["塓"] = {}, ["塔"] = {"tah", "tō̤"}, ["塕"] = {"o̤ng"}, ["塗"] = {"tó", "dó"}, ["塘"] = {"dó̤ng", "dńg", "dng"}, -- dng for place names ["塚"] = {"tê̤ng"}, ["塞"] = {"seh", "sā̤"}, ["塢"] = {"o̍"}, ["塤"] = {"heong"}, ["塨"] = {}, ["填"] = {"teo̍ng", "tia̍ng"}, ["塭"] = {}, ["塯"] = {}, ["塴"] = {}, ["塵"] = {"teóng", "díng"}, ["塹"] = {}, ["塺"] = {}, ["塼"] = {}, ["塾"] = {"se̤̍h"}, ["塿"] = {}, ["墀"] = {"dí"}, ["墁"] = {"māng"}, ["境"] = {"gîng"}, ["墅"] = {"sṳ̂", "sṳ̄"}, ["墆"] = {}, ["墉"] = {}, ["墊"] = {"diāng"}, ["墋"] = {}, ["墐"] = {}, ["墓"] = {"mo̍", "bō"}, ["墘"] = {"gíng", "gió̤ⁿ"}, ["墜"] = {"dūi", "teo̍h", "tūi"}, ["墝"] = {}, ["增"] = {"ceng"}, ["墟"] = {"hṳ"}, ["墠"] = {}, ["墣"] = {"po̤h"}, ["墦"] = {}, ["墩"] = {"deong"}, ["墫"] = {}, ["墬"] = {}, ["墮"] = {"dō̤"}, ["墯"] = {}, ["墱"] = {}, ["墳"] = {"heông"}, ["墽"] = {}, ["墾"] = {"kṳ̂ng"}, ["墿"] = {"dō"}, ["壁"] = {"biā", "bih"}, ["壅"] = {"o̤ng"}, ["壇"] = {"duáⁿ", "táng"}, ["壈"] = {}, ["壋"] = {"deong"}, ["壎"] = {}, ["壑"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["壓"] = {"ah"}, ["壕"] = {"hó̤"}, ["壖"] = {}, ["壘"] = {"lûi"}, ["壙"] = {"kn̂g"}, ["壚"] = {}, ["壛"] = {}, ["壝"] = {}, ["壞"] = {"huāi"}, ["壟"] = {}, ["壠"] = {"lé̤ng"}, ["壢"] = {"le̍h"}, ["壤"] = {"ciô̤ng"}, ["壩"] = {"ba̍"}, ["士"] = {"seō", "sāi"}, ["壬"] = {"cíng"}, ["壯"] = {"co̤̍ng", "cn̍g"}, ["壴"] = {}, ["壹"] = {"ih"}, ["壺"] = {"hó", "ó"}, ["壼"] = {}, ["壽"] = {"siū"}, ["壾"] = {}, ["壿"] = {}, ["夃"] = {}, ["夆"] = {}, ["夌"] = {}, ["复"] = {}, ["夎"] = {}, ["夏"] = {"hā", "ō̤"}, ["夐"] = {"gṳ̍ng"}, ["夒"] = {}, ["夔"] = {}, ["夕"] = {"si̍h"}, ["外"] = {"guā", "gōi"}, ["夗"] = {}, ["夙"] = {"se̤h"}, ["多"] = {"do̤"}, ["夜"] = {"iā"}, ["夠"] = {"ga̍u"}, ["夢"] = {"ma̍ng", "mo̤̍ng"}, ["夤"] = {}, ["夥"] = {"ā"}, ["大"] = {"duā", "dāi", "dah", "dē"}, ["天"] = {"teng", "ting"}, ["太"] = {"ta̍i"}, ["夫"] = {"hu", "bo"}, ["夬"] = {}, ["夭"] = {"a̤u"}, ["央"] = {"ng", "io̤ng"}, ["夯"] = {"hang"}, ["失"] = {"sih"}, ["夷"] = {"í"}, ["夸"] = {"kua"}, ["夾"] = {"gā̤", "gō̤", "giah"}, ["奀"] = {"eng"}, ["奄"] = {}, ["奅"] = {}, ["奇"] = {"gí", "kio̤", "gi"}, ["奈"] = {"nāi"}, ["奉"] = {"hō̤ng"}, ["奔"] = {"beong"}, ["奎"] = {"ga̤"}, ["奏"] = {"ca̍u", "ca̤̍u"}, ["奐"] = {"hua̍ng"}, ["契"] = {"ka̤̍", "seh"}, ["奓"] = {}, ["奕"] = {"i̍h"}, ["奊"] = {}, ["套"] = {"teo̍", "to̤̍"}, ["奘"] = {"cō̤ng"}, ["奚"] = {"há̤"}, ["奠"] = {"dēng"}, ["奡"] = {}, ["奢"] = {"sia"}, ["奧"] = {"o̤̍", "eo̍"}, ["奩"] = {"liáng"}, ["奪"] = {"dua̍h"}, ["奫"] = {}, ["奭"] = {"sih"}, ["奮"] = {"heo̍ng"}, ["奰"] = {}, ["奲"] = {"dô̤"}, ["女"] = {"dṳ̂"}, ["奴"] = {"nó", "nú"}, ["奶"] = {"lâ̤", "nâi", "neng", "nâ̤"}, ["奸"] = {"gang"}, ["她"] = {"taⁿ"}, ["奼"] = {}, ["好"] = {"hô̤", "ho̤̍", "heô"}, ["妀"] = {}, ["妁"] = {}, ["如"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["妃"] = {"hi"}, ["妄"] = {"mō̤ng", "mo̤̍ng"}, ["妊"] = {"cíng"}, ["妎"] = {}, ["妐"] = {}, ["妒"] = {"do̍"}, ["妓"] = {"gī"}, ["妖"] = {"a̤u"}, ["妗"] = {"gīng"}, ["妘"] = {}, ["妙"] = {"bā̤u"}, ["妝"] = {"co̤ng", "cng"}, ["妞"] = {"niu"}, ["妠"] = {}, ["妢"] = {}, ["妣"] = {"bî"}, ["妤"] = {"ṳ́"}, ["妥"] = {"tô̤"}, ["妦"] = {}, ["妨"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["㚷"] = {}, ["妮"] = {}, ["妯"] = {"hiú"}, ["妲"] = {"da̍h", "dah"}, ["妳"] = {"na̤"}, ["妵"] = {}, ["妹"] = {"mo̍i", "ma̍i", "bōi"}, ["妺"] = {}, ["妻"] = {"cha̤"}, ["妾"] = {"chiah"}, ["姁"] = {}, ["姆"] = {"bô", "bâ̤u", "n̂g"}, ["姊"] = {"lî", "cî"}, ["始"] = {"sî"}, ["姌"] = {}, ["姍"] = {"sang"}, ["姎"] = {}, ["姏"] = {}, ["姐"] = {"ciâ"}, ["姑"] = {"go"}, ["姒"] = {"seō"}, ["姓"] = {"sa̍ⁿ", "si̍ng"}, ["委"] = {"ûi"}, ["姗"] = {"sang"}, ["妍"] = {"ngéng"}, ["姘"] = {}, ["姚"] = {"á̤u"}, ["姜"] = {"gio̤ng"}, ["姝"] = {"chṳ", "cṳ"}, ["姞"] = {"gih"}, ["姡"] = {}, ["姣"] = {}, ["姤"] = {}, ["姥"] = {"bô"}, ["姦"] = {"gang"}, ["姨"] = {"í"}, ["姪"] = {}, ["姮"] = {"héng"}, ["姱"] = {}, ["姶"] = {}, ["姺"] = {}, ["姻"] = {"ing"}, ["姼"] = {}, ["姽"] = {}, ["姿"] = {"ceo"}, ["娀"] = {}, ["威"] = {"ui"}, ["娃"] = {"hua"}, ["姬"] = {"gi"}, ["娉"] = {"ping"}, ["娌"] = {"lî"}, ["娑"] = {}, ["娓"] = {}, ["娖"] = {}, ["娘"] = {"ná̤u", "niáng"}, ["娙"] = {}, ["娛"] = {"gṳ́"}, ["娜"] = {"na̍"}, ["娟"] = {"ge̤ng"}, ["娠"] = {"sing"}, ["娣"] = {}, ["娥"] = {"gó̤"}, ["娩"] = {"mêng"}, ["娭"] = {}, ["娵"] = {}, ["娶"] = {"chṳ̂"}, ["娷"] = {}, ["娸"] = {}, ["娼"] = {"chio̤ng"}, ["婀"] = {"o̤"}, ["婁"] = {"lá̤u"}, ["婆"] = {"beó"}, ["婉"] = {"uâng"}, ["婊"] = {"bâ̤u"}, ["婐"] = {}, ["婓"] = {}, ["婕"] = {"cia̍h"}, ["婗"] = {}, ["婘"] = {}, ["婚"] = {"heong"}, ["婞"] = {"hēng"}, ["婟"] = {}, ["婠"] = {}, ["婢"] = {"bī"}, ["婤"] = {}, ["婥"] = {}, ["婦"] = {"mū", "hū", "bū"}, ["婧"] = {}, ["婪"] = {"láng"}, ["婬"] = {}, ["婭"] = {"a̍"}, ["婷"] = {"déng"}, ["婸"] = {}, ["婺"] = {"bū"}, ["婼"] = {"cio̤̍h"}, ["婿"] = {"sa̍i", "cha̍i", "sa̤̍"}, ["媒"] = {"bói"}, ["媔"] = {}, ["媕"] = {}, ["媚"] = {"bī"}, ["媛"] = {"é̤ng"}, ["媞"] = {}, ["媟"] = {}, ["媢"] = {}, ["媥"] = {}, ["媦"] = {}, ["媧"] = {"o̤"}, ["媬"] = {"bô̤"}, ["媮"] = {}, ["媯"] = {}, ["媰"] = {}, ["媱"] = {}, ["媲"] = {}, ["媳"] = {"sih"}, ["媵"] = {}, ["媸"] = {}, ["媺"] = {}, ["媻"] = {}, ["媼"] = {"ô̤"}, ["媽"] = {"mâ"}, ["媾"] = {"ga̤̍u"}, ["媿"] = {}, ["嫁"] = {"ga̍", "go̤̍"}, ["嫂"] = {"seô", "sô̤"}, ["嫄"] = {}, ["嫇"] = {}, ["嫈"] = {}, ["嫉"] = {"ci̍h"}, ["嫋"] = {}, ["嫌"] = {"hiáng"}, ["嫕"] = {}, ["嫖"] = {"pá̤u"}, ["嫗"] = {"ṳ̍"}, ["嫘"] = {}, ["嫚"] = {}, ["嫛"] = {}, ["嫜"] = {"cio̤ng"}, ["嫠"] = {}, ["嫡"] = {"deh"}, ["嫢"] = {}, ["嫣"] = {"eng"}, ["嫥"] = {}, ["嫦"] = {"sió̤ng"}, ["嫩"] = {"nō̤", "neōng", "nē̤", "nê̤ng"}, ["嫪"] = {}, ["嫫"] = {}, ["嫭"] = {}, ["嫮"] = {}, ["嫳"] = {"peh"}, ["嫴"] = {}, ["嫵"] = {}, ["嫶"] = {}, ["嫷"] = {}, ["嫻"] = {}, ["嫽"] = {}, ["嫿"] = {"uā"}, ["嬃"] = {}, ["嬈"] = {}, ["嬉"] = {"hi"}, ["嬋"] = {"séng"}, ["嬌"] = {"ga̤u"}, ["嬎"] = {}, ["嬐"] = {}, ["嬓"] = {}, ["嬖"] = {}, ["嬗"] = {}, ["嬙"] = {}, ["嬛"] = {"huáng"}, ["嬝"] = {"nâ̤u"}, ["嬡"] = {}, ["嬴"] = {"íng"}, ["嬤"] = {"mâ"}, ["嬥"] = {}, ["嬪"] = {"bing"}, ["嬭"] = {"lâ̤", "nâ̤"}, ["嬰"] = {"ing"}, ["嬲"] = {"nâ̤u"}, ["嬸"] = {"sîng"}, ["嬽"] = {}, ["㜲"] = {"iáⁿ"}, ["嬹"] = {"hi̍ng"}, ["嬾"] = {}, ["嬿"] = {}, ["孀"] = {"so̤ng", "sng"}, ["孃"] = {"ná̤u"}, ["孅"] = {"siang"}, ["孈"] = {}, ["孋"] = {}, ["孌"] = {}, ["子"] = {"cî", "ceô"}, ["孑"] = {"ge̍h"}, ["孓"] = {"ge̤h"}, ["孔"] = {"kô̤ng"}, ["孕"] = {"īng"}, ["字"] = {"cī", "ceō"}, ["存"] = {"ceóng"}, ["孚"] = {"hu"}, ["孛"] = {}, ["孜"] = {"ceo"}, ["孝"] = {"ha̍u", "ho̤̍"}, ["孟"] = {"mēng"}, ["孢"] = {}, ["季"] = {"gi̍", "gu̍i", "ku̍i"}, ["孤"] = {"go"}, ["孥"] = {"no"}, ["孩"] = {"hái"}, ["孫"] = {"seong", "seng"}, ["孬"] = {}, ["孰"] = {"se̤̍h"}, ["孲"] = {}, ["孱"] = {"cheng"}, ["孳"] = {"ceo"}, ["孵"] = {"bū"}, ["孷"] = {}, ["學"] = {"eo̍h*", "ha̍h", "eo̍h"}, ["孺"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["孽"] = {"gia̍h", "ge̍h"}, ["孿"] = {"luáng"}, ["宁"] = {}, ["它"] = {"taⁿ"}, ["宄"] = {"gûi"}, ["宅"] = {"da̍h*", "ta̍h*", "ce̍h", "da̍h"}, ["宇"] = {"ṳ̂"}, ["守"] = {"siû", "ciû"}, ["安"] = {"uaⁿ", "ang"}, ["宋"] = {"sa̍ng", "so̤̍ng"}, ["完"] = {"é̤ng"}, ["宎"] = {}, ["宏"] = {"hé̤ng", "huáⁿ", "hó̤ng"}, ["宓"] = {}, ["宕"] = {"dō̤ng"}, ["宗"] = {"co̤ng"}, ["官"] = {"guaⁿ", "guang"}, ["宙"] = {"diu̍", "ciu̍", "diū"}, ["定"] = {"diāⁿ", "dēng", "tiāⁿ"}, ["宛"] = {"uâng"}, ["宜"] = {"gí"}, ["𡧣"] = {"gâi"}, ["客"] = {"kā", "keh", "kâ̤"}, ["宣"] = {"se̤ng"}, ["室"] = {"sih"}, ["宥"] = {"iū"}, ["宦"] = {"huāng"}, ["宨"] = {}, ["㝗"] = {"lang"}, ["宧"] = {}, ["宮"] = {"ge̤ng"}, ["宰"] = {"câi"}, ["害"] = {"hāi"}, ["宴"] = {"e̍ng"}, ["宵"] = {"sa̤u"}, ["家"] = {"ga", "go̤", "ga̤"}, ["宸"] = {"síng"}, ["容"] = {"é̤ng"}, ["宿"] = {"se̤h", "siu̍"}, ["寀"] = {}, ["寁"] = {}, ["寂"] = {"ci̍h"}, ["寄"] = {"gio̤̍", "gi̍"}, ["寅"] = {"íng"}, ["密"] = {"be̍h", "bi̍h"}, ["寇"] = {"ka̤̍u"}, ["寋"] = {}, ["富"] = {"hu̍", "bu̍"}, ["寍"] = {}, ["寐"] = {"bī"}, ["寑"] = {}, ["寒"] = {"háng", "guáⁿ"}, ["寓"] = {"gṳ̄"}, ["寔"] = {}, ["寪"] = {}, ["寖"] = {}, ["寘"] = {}, ["寙"] = {}, ["寞"] = {"bo̤̍h"}, ["察"] = {"chah"}, ["寠"] = {}, ["寡"] = {"guâ"}, ["寢"] = {"chîng"}, ["寤"] = {"gō"}, ["寥"] = {"lá̤u"}, ["實"] = {"si̍h", "se̍h"}, ["寧"] = {"néng"}, ["寨"] = {"cāi"}, ["審"] = {"sîng"}, ["寫"] = {"siâ"}, ["寬"] = {"kuaⁿ", "kuang"}, ["寮"] = {"lá̤u"}, ["寰"] = {"huáng"}, ["寱"] = {}, ["寵"] = {"tê̤ng"}, ["寶"] = {"bô̤", "beô"}, ["㝱"] = {"mo̤̍ng"}, ["寸"] = {"cheo̍ng"}, ["寺"] = {"sī"}, ["封"] = {"ho̤ng"}, ["尃"] = {}, ["射"] = {"sa̤u̍h*", "siā"}, ["將"] = {"cio̤ng", "cio̤̍ng", "chio̤ng"}, ["專"] = {"ce̤ng"}, ["尉"] = {"hu̍i"}, ["尊"] = {"ceong"}, ["尋"] = {"síng", "chíng"}, ["尌"] = {}, ["對"] = {"du̍i", "do̍i"}, ["導"] = {"dō̤"}, ["小"] = {"sa̤u", "sâ̤u"}, ["尐"] = {}, ["少"] = {"câ̤u", "sa̤̍u", "sâ̤u"}, ["尒"] = {"mai"}, ["尔"] = {}, ["尖"] = {"ciang"}, ["尚"] = {"sā̤uⁿ", "siō̤ng"}, ["尟"] = {}, ["尤"] = {"iú"}, ["尨"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["尪"] = {}, ["尬"] = {"ga̍i"}, ["尰"] = {}, ["就"] = {"ciū", "cuh"}, ["尳"] = {}, ["尴"] = {"gang"}, ["尷"] = {"gang"}, ["尸"] = {"si"}, ["尺"] = {"chā̤u", "cha̤", "chih"}, ["尻"] = {"go̤ⁿ"}, ["尼"] = {"ní", "ná̤"}, ["尾"] = {"bôi", "bî"}, ["尿"] = {"dā̤u"}, ["局"] = {"ge̤̍h"}, ["屁"] = {"pi̍", "pu̍i"}, ["屄"] = {"bai", "bi"}, ["居"] = {"gṳ"}, ["屆"] = {"ga̍", "ga̍i"}, ["屈"] = {"keoh", "keo̍h"}, ["屋"] = {"o̤h"}, ["屌"] = {}, ["屍"] = {"si"}, ["屎"] = {"sâi", "sî"}, ["屏"] = {"bíng", "piáⁿ", "bîng"}, ["㞗"] = {"giú"}, ["屐"] = {"gio̤̍h*", "gia̍h", "gio̤̍h"}, ["屑"] = {}, ["屔"] = {}, ["展"] = {"têng", "tiô̤ⁿ"}, ["屖"] = {}, ["屘"] = {}, ["屙"] = {}, ["屜"] = {}, ["屝"] = {}, ["屠"] = {"dó"}, ["屢"] = {"lṳ̂", "lṳ̄"}, ["屣"] = {}, ["層"] = {"céng"}, ["履"] = {"lî"}, ["屧"] = {}, ["𡳞"] = {"lēng"}, ["屨"] = {}, ["屩"] = {}, ["屬"] = {"se̤̍h"}, ["屭"] = {}, ["屮"] = {}, ["屯"] = {"teóng"}, ["山"] = {"suaⁿ", "sang"}, ["屴"] = {}, ["屹"] = {}, ["屺"] = {}, ["屼"] = {}, ["岈"] = {}, ["岉"] = {}, ["岊"] = {}, ["岋"] = {}, ["岌"] = {}, ["岏"] = {}, ["岐"] = {"gí", "gió̤"}, ["岑"] = {"kíng"}, ["岒"] = {}, ["岔"] = {}, ["岝"] = {}, ["岞"] = {"cā"}, ["岟"] = {}, ["岠"] = {}, ["岡"] = {"go̤ng"}, ["岢"] = {}, ["岣"] = {}, ["岤"] = {}, ["岧"] = {}, ["岨"] = {}, ["岩"] = {"ngáng"}, ["岪"] = {}, ["岫"] = {"siu̍", "siū"}, ["岬"] = {}, ["岭"] = {}, ["岮"] = {}, ["岯"] = {}, ["岱"] = {"dāi"}, ["岳"] = {"ga̍h"}, ["岵"] = {"hō"}, ["岷"] = {"míng"}, ["岸"] = {"ngiō̤", "ngāng"}, ["峁"] = {"bâu"}, ["岍"] = {}, ["峇"] = {}, ["峉"] = {}, ["峊"] = {}, ["峋"] = {"seong"}, ["峌"] = {}, ["峐"] = {}, ["峒"] = {}, ["峗"] = {}, ["峘"] = {}, ["峙"] = {"dî", "dī"}, ["峚"] = {}, ["峛"] = {}, ["峞"] = {}, ["峨"] = {"gó̤"}, ["峪"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["峬"] = {}, ["峭"] = {"cha̤̍u"}, ["峮"] = {}, ["峯"] = {"pang", "ho̤ng", "ng"}, ["峰"] = {}, ["峱"] = {}, ["峴"] = {}, ["島"] = {"dô̤"}, ["峷"] = {}, ["峻"] = {"ceo̍ng"}, ["峽"] = {"hia̍h"}, ["峿"] = {}, ["崁"] = {}, ["崆"] = {}, ["崇"] = {"có̤ng"}, ["崋"] = {}, ["崌"] = {}, ["崍"] = {}, ["崎"] = {}, ["崏"] = {}, ["崑"] = {"keong"}, ["崒"] = {}, ["崔"] = {"chui", "choi"}, ["崖"] = {"gá", "gái"}, ["崗"] = {"go̤ng"}, ["崙"] = {"leóng", "leōng"}, ["崚"] = {}, ["崛"] = {}, ["崝"] = {}, ["崞"] = {}, ["崟"] = {}, ["崠"] = {}, ["崢"] = {}, ["崣"] = {}, ["崤"] = {}, ["崥"] = {}, ["崦"] = {}, ["崧"] = {}, ["崨"] = {}, ["崩"] = {"bang", "beng"}, ["崰"] = {}, ["崱"] = {}, ["崳"] = {}, ["崴"] = {"uâi", "ui"}, ["崵"] = {}, ["崷"] = {"iú"}, ["崺"] = {}, ["崽"] = {}, ["崿"] = {}, ["嵁"] = {}, ["嵂"] = {"leo̍h"}, ["嵃"] = {}, ["嵇"] = {"ka̤"}, ["嵋"] = {}, ["嵌"] = {"ka̍ng"}, ["嵎"] = {"gṳ́"}, ["嵐"] = {"láng"}, ["嵑"] = {}, ["嵒"] = {}, ["嵕"] = {}, ["嵙"] = {}, ["嵊"] = {"sīng"}, ["嵞"] = {}, ["嵣"] = {}, ["嵥"] = {}, ["嵩"] = {"se̤ng", "sing"}, ["嵫"] = {}, ["嵬"] = {}, ["嵯"] = {"cha"}, ["嵱"] = {}, ["嵲"] = {}, ["嵷"] = {}, ["嵺"] = {}, ["嵽"] = {}, ["嵾"] = {}, ["嶀"] = {}, ["嶁"] = {}, ["嶂"] = {"cio̤̍ng"}, ["嶄"] = {"câng"}, ["嶆"] = {}, ["嶇"] = {"kṳ"}, ["嶈"] = {}, ["嶉"] = {}, ["嶊"] = {}, ["嶍"] = {"si̍h"}, ["嶒"] = {}, ["嶓"] = {}, ["嶔"] = {"king"}, ["嶕"] = {}, ["嶗"] = {}, ["嶙"] = {}, ["嶚"] = {}, ["嶜"] = {}, ["嶝"] = {}, ["嶞"] = {}, ["嶟"] = {"ceong"}, ["嶠"] = {"gā̤u"}, ["嶡"] = {}, ["嶢"] = {}, ["嶧"] = {}, ["嶨"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["嶩"] = {}, ["嶪"] = {}, ["嶬"] = {}, ["嶭"] = {}, ["嶮"] = {}, ["嶰"] = {"hāi"}, ["嶱"] = {}, ["嶲"] = {}, ["嶵"] = {}, ["嶷"] = {}, ["嶸"] = {"ṳ́ng"}, ["嶺"] = {"niâ", "lîng"}, ["嶼"] = {"sṳ̄"}, ["嶽"] = {"ga̍h"}, ["巀"] = {}, ["巂"] = {"há̤", "sûi"}, ["巃"] = {}, ["巆"] = {}, ["巇"] = {"hi̍"}, ["巉"] = {}, ["巋"] = {}, ["巍"] = {"gúi"}, ["巏"] = {}, ["巑"] = {}, ["巒"] = {"luáng"}, ["巔"] = {"deng"}, ["巕"] = {}, ["巖"] = {"ngáng"}, ["巘"] = {}, ["川"] = {"che̤ng", "choiⁿ"}, ["州"] = {"ciu"}, ["巟"] = {}, ["巢"] = {"cáu"}, ["工"] = {"gang", "go̤ng"}, ["左"] = {"cô̤"}, ["巧"] = {"kâu", "kâ̤u"}, ["巨"] = {"gṳ̄"}, ["巫"] = {"beó", "bú"}, ["差"] = {"cha", "chai", "cha̤", "cheo"}, ["巰"] = {"giú"}, ["己"] = {"gî", "gá̤"}, ["已"] = {"î", "ī"}, ["巳"] = {"sī", "seō"}, ["巴"] = {"ba"}, ["巷"] = {"ha̍ng"}, ["巹"] = {}, ["巽"] = {"seo̍ng"}, ["巾"] = {"gṳng"}, ["巿"] = {}, ["市"] = {"chī", "sī"}, ["布"] = {"bo̍"}, ["帆"] = {"páng"}, ["帊"] = {}, ["希"] = {"hi"}, ["㠾"] = {"eng"}, ["帑"] = {}, ["帔"] = {}, ["帕"] = {"pa̍", "po̤̍"}, ["帖"] = {"tiah", "tā̤"}, ["帗"] = {}, ["帘"] = {}, ["帙"] = {}, ["帚"] = {"siû", "ciû"}, ["帛"] = {"be̍h"}, ["帜"] = {"chi̍"}, ["帝"] = {"da̤̍", "dā̤"}, ["帟"] = {}, ["帠"] = {}, ["帡"] = {"bíng"}, ["帢"] = {}, ["帣"] = {}, ["帤"] = {}, ["帥"] = {"so̍i"}, ["帨"] = {}, ["帩"] = {}, ["師"] = {"seo", "sai"}, ["席"] = {"si̍h"}, ["帳"] = {"da̤̍uⁿ", "dio̤̍ng"}, ["帴"] = {}, ["帶"] = {"dua̍", "da̍i"}, ["帷"] = {"bí"}, ["常"] = {"sió̤ng"}, ["帽"] = {"beō"}, ["帾"] = {}, ["幀"] = {"cing"}, ["幃"] = {}, ["幄"] = {}, ["幅"] = {"bah", "ho̤h"}, ["幌"] = {"hô̤ng"}, ["幎"] = {}, ["幏"] = {}, ["幓"] = {}, ["幔"] = {"māng"}, ["幕"] = {"bi̍h", "bo̤̍h"}, ["幗"] = {}, ["幘"] = {}, ["幙"] = {}, ["幛"] = {}, ["幝"] = {}, ["幟"] = {"chi̍"}, ["幠"] = {}, ["幡"] = {}, ["幢"] = {"do̤̍ng", "tō̤ng"}, ["幣"] = {"bā̤"}, ["幦"] = {}, ["幧"] = {}, ["幨"] = {}, ["幩"] = {}, ["幪"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["幫"] = {"bang"}, ["幬"] = {}, ["幭"] = {}, ["幰"] = {}, ["干"] = {"gang", "go̤ⁿ"}, ["平"] = {"báⁿ", "bíng", "biáⁿ"}, ["年"] = {"néng", "níng"}, ["幵"] = {}, ["并"] = {}, ["幸"] = {"hēng"}, ["幹"] = {"ga̍ng"}, ["幺"] = {"a̤u"}, ["幻"] = {"huāng", "hua̍ng"}, ["幼"] = {"iu̍"}, ["幽"] = {"iu"}, ["幾"] = {"gûi", "gi", "gî"}, ["庀"] = {}, ["庂"] = {}, ["庇"] = {"bi̍"}, ["庈"] = {}, ["庉"] = {}, ["床"] = {"chńg", "chó̤ng"}, ["庋"] = {}, ["庌"] = {}, ["庎"] = {"gua̍"}, ["序"] = {"sṳ̄"}, ["底"] = {"dâ̤"}, ["庖"] = {"báu"}, ["店"] = {"da̤̍ⁿ", "dia̍ng"}, ["庚"] = {"gaⁿ", "geng"}, ["庛"] = {}, ["府"] = {"hû"}, ["庠"] = {"sió̤ng"}, ["庢"] = {}, ["庣"] = {}, ["庤"] = {}, ["庥"] = {"hiu"}, ["度"] = {"dō", "do̤̍h", "tō"}, ["座"] = {"cō̤", "ceō", "co̤h"}, ["庨"] = {}, ["庪"] = {}, ["庫"] = {"ko̍"}, ["庬"] = {}, ["庭"] = {"diáⁿ", "déng"}, ["庮"] = {}, ["㢊"] = {"uâ"}, ["庰"] = {}, ["庱"] = {}, ["庲"] = {}, ["庳"] = {}, ["庴"] = {}, ["庵"] = {"ang"}, ["庶"] = {"sṳ̍"}, ["康"] = {"ko̤ng", "kng"}, ["庸"] = {"é̤ng"}, ["庹"] = {}, ["庾"] = {}, ["廁"] = {"cheh"}, ["廂"] = {"sa̤uⁿ", "sio̤ng"}, ["廊"] = {"ló̤ng", "lńg"}, ["廅"] = {}, ["廆"] = {}, ["廇"] = {}, ["廈"] = {"hā", "ō̤"}, ["廉"] = {"liáng"}, ["廋"] = {}, ["廌"] = {}, ["廄"] = {}, ["廍"] = {"bó"}, ["廎"] = {}, ["廑"] = {}, ["廒"] = {"geó"}, ["廓"] = {}, ["廕"] = {}, ["廖"] = {"lā̤u"}, ["廗"] = {}, ["廘"] = {}, ["廙"] = {}, ["廚"] = {"chṳ́"}, ["廛"] = {}, ["廜"] = {}, ["廝"] = {"seo"}, ["廞"] = {}, ["廟"] = {"bā̤u"}, ["廠"] = {"châ̤uⁿ", "chiô̤ng"}, ["廡"] = {}, ["廢"] = {"ha̤̍"}, ["廣"] = {"gô̤ng", "gn̂g"}, ["廥"] = {}, ["廦"] = {}, ["廧"] = {}, ["廨"] = {"hāi"}, ["廩"] = {"lîng"}, ["廪"] = {"lîng"}, ["廬"] = {"ló"}, ["龐"] = {"páng", "pāng", "māng", "máng"}, ["廮"] = {}, ["廯"] = {}, ["廱"] = {}, ["廳"] = {"teng", "tiaⁿ"}, ["延"] = {"éng", "íng"}, ["廷"] = {"déng"}, ["建"] = {"ge̤̍ng"}, ["廾"] = {}, ["廿"] = {"niāng"}, ["弁"] = {}, ["异"] = {}, ["弄"] = {"lāng", "lō̤ng"}, ["弅"] = {}, ["弇"] = {}, ["弈"] = {}, ["弊"] = {"bā̤"}, ["弋"] = {"i̍h"}, ["式"] = {"sih"}, ["弒"] = {"si̍"}, ["弓"] = {"ge̤ng"}, ["弔"] = {}, ["引"] = {"îng"}, ["弗"] = {"heo̍h", "heoh"}, ["弘"] = {"héng"}, ["弚"] = {}, ["弛"] = {"dí", "sî"}, ["弝"] = {}, ["弟"] = {"dī", "dā̤"}, ["弢"] = {}, ["弣"] = {}, ["弤"] = {}, ["弦"] = {"hé̤ng"}, ["弧"] = {"hó", "ó"}, ["弨"] = {}, ["弩"] = {"nó", "nō"}, ["弭"] = {}, ["弮"] = {}, ["弱"] = {"cio̤̍h"}, ["弳"] = {}, ["張"] = {"da̤uⁿ", "dng", "diu", "dio̤ng"}, ["弶"] = {}, ["強"] = {"ngâ̤u", "gió̤ng", "giô̤ng", "gá̤uⁿ"}, ["弸"] = {}, ["弼"] = {}, ["彀"] = {"ga̤̍u"}, ["彃"] = {}, ["彄"] = {}, ["彆"] = {}, ["彈"] = {"duáⁿ", "dáng", "da̍ng"}, ["彉"] = {}, ["彊"] = {}, ["彋"] = {}, ["彌"] = {"bî", "bí"}, ["彎"] = {"uang"}, ["彏"] = {}, ["彔"] = {}, ["彖"] = {}, ["彗"] = {"hā̤", "hōi"}, ["彘"] = {}, ["彙"] = {"hōi"}, ["彝"] = {"í"}, ["彞"] = {}, ["形"] = {"híng"}, ["彤"] = {"dó̤ng"}, ["彥"] = {"ngēng", "ngiāng"}, ["彧"] = {"e̤̍h", "e̤h"}, ["彩"] = {"châi"}, ["彫"] = {}, ["彬"] = {"bing"}, ["彭"] = {"páⁿ"}, ["彯"] = {}, ["彰"] = {"cio̤ng"}, ["影"] = {"n̂g", "îng", "iâⁿ"}, ["彳"] = {"chih"}, ["彴"] = {}, ["彷"] = {}, ["彸"] = {}, ["役"] = {"ṳ̍h"}, ["彼"] = {"bî", "heh"}, ["彾"] = {}, ["彿"] = {"heo̍h"}, ["往"] = {"ô̤ng"}, ["征"] = {"cing"}, ["徂"] = {"có"}, ["待"] = {"dāi"}, ["徇"] = {"seóng"}, ["很"] = {"hêng"}, ["徉"] = {}, ["徊"] = {"hói"}, ["律"] = {"leo̍h"}, ["後"] = {"hāu", "āu", "hā̤u"}, ["徐"] = {"chṳ́", "sṳ́"}, ["徑"] = {"gi̍ng"}, ["徒"] = {"dó"}, ["得"] = {"deh", "dih"}, ["徘"] = {"bái"}, ["徙"] = {"siô̤", "seô"}, ["徛"] = {"kiō̤"}, ["徜"] = {"sió̤ng"}, ["從"] = {"cé̤ng"}, ["徠"] = {}, ["御"] = {"gṳ̄"}, ["徥"] = {}, ["徦"] = {}, ["徨"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["復"] = {"ho̤h", "ho̤̍h", "buh"}, ["循"] = {"seóng"}, ["徬"] = {}, ["徭"] = {}, ["微"] = {"bí"}, ["徯"] = {}, ["徲"] = {}, ["徵"] = {"ding", "dî"}, ["德"] = {"deh"}, ["徹"] = {"de̍h", "deh"}, ["徼"] = {}, ["徽"] = {"hui"}, ["徾"] = {}, ["徿"] = {}, ["忀"] = {}, ["忁"] = {}, ["心"] = {"sing"}, ["必"] = {"bih", "biah"}, ["忉"] = {"to̤"}, ["忌"] = {"gī"}, ["忍"] = {"neông", "cîng"}, ["忐"] = {}, ["忑"] = {}, ["忒"] = {}, ["忔"] = {}, ["忕"] = {}, ["忖"] = {"cheo̍ng"}, ["志"] = {"li̍", "ci̍"}, ["忘"] = {"mō̤ng"}, ["忙"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["忝"] = {"tiâng"}, ["忞"] = {"míng"}, ["忠"] = {"de̤ng"}, ["忡"] = {"che̤ng"}, ["忣"] = {}, ["忤"] = {}, ["忥"] = {}, ["忨"] = {}, ["忪"] = {}, ["快"] = {"ka̤̍", "kua̍i"}, ["忭"] = {}, ["忮"] = {}, ["忯"] = {}, ["忱"] = {"síng"}, ["忳"] = {}, ["念"] = {"niāng"}, ["忷"] = {}, ["忸"] = {}, ["忹"] = {"ô̤ng"}, ["忺"] = {}, ["忻"] = {"hṳng"}, ["忽"] = {"heoh"}, ["忾"] = {"ka̍i"}, ["忿"] = {"heông"}, ["怊"] = {"tá̤u"}, ["怋"] = {}, ["怍"] = {"co̤̍h"}, ["怎"] = {"seh", "sa̍ⁿ"}, ["怏"] = {}, ["怐"] = {}, ["怒"] = {"dō"}, ["怓"] = {}, ["怔"] = {}, ["怕"] = {"pa̍"}, ["怖"] = {"bo̍"}, ["怗"] = {}, ["怙"] = {"hō"}, ["怚"] = {}, ["怛"] = {}, ["思"] = {"seo", "seo̍"}, ["怞"] = {}, ["怠"] = {"dāi"}, ["怡"] = {"í"}, ["怢"] = {}, ["怣"] = {"ngō̤ng"}, ["急"] = {"gih"}, ["怦"] = {}, ["性"] = {"sa̍ⁿ", "si̍ng"}, ["怨"] = {"e̤̍ng"}, ["怩"] = {"ni"}, ["怪"] = {"gua̍i"}, ["怫"] = {}, ["怬"] = {}, ["怭"] = {}, ["怮"] = {}, ["怯"] = {"kiah"}, ["怲"] = {}, ["怳"] = {}, ["怴"] = {}, ["怵"] = {}, ["怷"] = {}, ["怹"] = {}, ["㤥"] = {"hāi"}, ["恀"] = {}, ["恁"] = {}, ["恂"] = {"seóng"}, ["恃"] = {"sī"}, ["恅"] = {}, ["恆"] = {"héng", "éng"}, ["恇"] = {}, ["恉"] = {}, ["恌"] = {}, ["恍"] = {"hô̤ng"}, ["恐"] = {"kê̤ng"}, ["恓"] = {}, ["恔"] = {}, ["恕"] = {"sṳ̍"}, ["恙"] = {}, ["恚"] = {}, ["恛"] = {}, ["恝"] = {}, ["恞"] = {}, ["恟"] = {"he̤ng"}, ["恢"] = {"koi"}, ["恣"] = {"ceo̍"}, ["恤"] = {"he̤h", "seoh"}, ["恥"] = {"tî"}, ["恧"] = {}, ["恨"] = {"hṳ̄ng"}, ["恩"] = {"ṳng"}, ["恪"] = {}, ["恫"] = {"da̍ng", "dō̤ng"}, ["恬"] = {"tiáng"}, ["恭"] = {"ge̤ng"}, ["息"] = {"sih"}, ["恰"] = {"kah"}, ["恲"] = {}, ["恸"] = {"to̤̍ng"}, ["恿"] = {}, ["悀"] = {}, ["悁"] = {"ge̤ng"}, ["悃"] = {}, ["悄"] = {}, ["悅"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["悆"] = {}, ["悇"] = {}, ["悈"] = {}, ["悉"] = {"sih"}, ["悊"] = {}, ["悌"] = {}, ["悍"] = {}, ["悐"] = {}, ["悒"] = {}, ["悔"] = {"hôi"}, ["悕"] = {}, ["悖"] = {"bōi"}, ["悗"] = {}, ["悚"] = {}, ["悛"] = {}, ["悝"] = {}, ["悟"] = {"gō"}, ["悠"] = {"hiu", "iu"}, ["悢"] = {}, ["患"] = {"huāng"}, ["悧"] = {"lī"}, ["您"] = {}, ["悰"] = {}, ["悱"] = {}, ["悲"] = {"bi"}, ["悴"] = {"cūi"}, ["悵"] = {"tio̤̍ng"}, ["悶"] = {"meōng"}, ["悷"] = {}, ["悸"] = {"gi̍"}, ["悹"] = {}, ["悺"] = {}, ["悻"] = {"hēng"}, ["悼"] = {"dō̤"}, ["悽"] = {}, ["悾"] = {}, ["悿"] = {"tiâng"}, ["惄"] = {}, ["情"] = {"ciáⁿ", "cíng"}, ["惆"] = {"diú"}, ["惇"] = {"deong"}, ["惈"] = {}, ["惉"] = {}, ["惋"] = {}, ["惌"] = {}, ["惎"] = {}, ["惏"] = {}, ["惑"] = {"he̍h"}, ["惓"] = {}, ["惔"] = {}, ["惕"] = {"teh"}, ["惘"] = {"mô̤ng"}, ["惙"] = {}, ["惚"] = {"heoh"}, ["惛"] = {}, ["惜"] = {"sā̤u", "sih", "sā̤", "siā"}, ["惝"] = {"tô̤ng"}, ["惟"] = {"bí"}, ["惠"] = {"hā̤"}, ["惡"] = {"o̍", "o̤h", "eo̍"}, ["惢"] = {}, ["惤"] = {}, ["惦"] = {}, ["惰"] = {"dō̤", "diō̤"}, ["惱"] = {"nô̤"}, ["惲"] = {}, ["想"] = {"siô̤ng"}, ["惴"] = {}, ["惵"] = {}, ["惶"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["惷"] = {"cheông"}, ["惸"] = {}, ["惹"] = {"ciâ"}, ["惺"] = {}, ["惻"] = {}, ["惼"] = {}, ["惾"] = {}, ["愀"] = {}, ["愁"] = {"chá̤u", "chiú"}, ["愅"] = {}, ["愆"] = {"ke̤ng"}, ["愈"] = {"lí", "cṳ̂"}, ["愉"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["愊"] = {}, ["愍"] = {}, ["愎"] = {}, ["意"] = {"i̍"}, ["愐"] = {"mēng"}, ["愒"] = {"heh", "ka̍i", "ki̍"}, ["愓"] = {}, ["愔"] = {}, ["愕"] = {}, ["愖"] = {}, ["愚"] = {"gṳ́"}, ["愛"] = {"a̍i"}, ["愜"] = {"kiah", "keh"}, ["感"] = {"gâng"}, ["愠"] = {"eōng"}, ["愣"] = {}, ["慨"] = {"ka̍i"}, ["愧"] = {"ku̍i"}, ["愨"] = {}, ["愫"] = {}, ["愬"] = {}, ["愮"] = {}, ["愯"] = {}, ["愲"] = {}, ["愴"] = {"chô̤ng"}, ["愶"] = {}, ["愷"] = {"kâi"}, ["愾"] = {"ka̍i"}, ["愿"] = {}, ["慁"] = {}, ["慄"] = {}, ["慅"] = {}, ["慆"] = {}, ["慇"] = {}, ["慈"] = {"ceó"}, ["慉"] = {}, ["慊"] = {}, ["態"] = {"ta̍i"}, ["慌"] = {"ho̤ng"}, ["慍"] = {}, ["慎"] = {"sīng"}, ["慒"] = {"cheó", "sá̤u"}, ["慓"] = {}, ["慔"] = {}, ["慕"] = {"bō"}, ["慘"] = {"châng"}, ["慚"] = {"cáng"}, ["慛"] = {}, ["慝"] = {}, ["慞"] = {}, ["慟"] = {}, ["慢"] = {"mā̤", "māng", "mēng"}, ["慣"] = {"ga̤̍ⁿ", "gua̍ng"}, ["慥"] = {}, ["慧"] = {"hā̤"}, ["慫"] = {"chō̤ng"}, ["慬"] = {}, ["慮"] = {"lṳ̄"}, ["慰"] = {"hu̍i"}, ["慱"] = {}, ["慲"] = {}, ["慳"] = {}, ["慴"] = {}, ["慵"] = {}, ["慶"] = {"ki̍ng"}, ["慷"] = {"ko̤ng"}, ["慹"] = {}, ["慺"] = {}, ["慼"] = {}, ["慾"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["憀"] = {}, ["憂"] = {"iu"}, ["憃"] = {}, ["憉"] = {}, ["憊"] = {"bāi"}, ["憋"] = {}, ["憍"] = {}, ["憎"] = {}, ["憐"] = {"léng", "líng"}, ["憑"] = {"bíng", "biáⁿ"}, ["憒"] = {}, ["憓"] = {}, ["憔"] = {}, ["憖"] = {}, ["憚"] = {}, ["憛"] = {}, ["憝"] = {}, ["憟"] = {}, ["憡"] = {}, ["憢"] = {}, ["憤"] = {"heông"}, ["憧"] = {}, ["憨"] = {}, ["憩"] = {}, ["憪"] = {}, ["憫"] = {"mîng"}, ["憬"] = {}, ["憭"] = {}, ["憮"] = {}, ["憯"] = {}, ["憰"] = {}, ["憱"] = {}, ["憲"] = {"he̤̍ng"}, ["憴"] = {}, ["憵"] = {}, ["憶"] = {"i̍"}, ["憸"] = {}, ["憺"] = {}, ["憼"] = {}, ["憾"] = {"ha̍ng"}, ["憿"] = {}, ["懁"] = {"huáng"}, ["懂"] = {"dô̤ng"}, ["懃"] = {}, ["懅"] = {}, ["懆"] = {}, ["懇"] = {"kṳ̂ng"}, ["懈"] = {"hāi"}, ["應"] = {"ing", "i̍ng"}, ["懊"] = {"o̤̍"}, ["懋"] = {"bā̤u"}, ["懌"] = {}, ["懍"] = {}, ["懘"] = {}, ["懞"] = {}, ["懟"] = {"du̍i"}, ["懠"] = {}, ["懣"] = {}, ["懤"] = {}, ["懥"] = {}, ["懦"] = {}, ["懧"] = {}, ["懨"] = {}, ["懪"] = {}, ["懫"] = {}, ["懭"] = {}, ["懮"] = {}, ["懰"] = {}, ["懱"] = {}, ["懲"] = {"díng"}, ["懵"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["懶"] = {"lâng", "diō̤ⁿ", "nuā"}, ["懷"] = {"huái"}, ["懸"] = {"gá̤ⁿ", "há̤ⁿ", "hé̤ng"}, ["懺"] = {"cha̍ng", "chia̍ng", "châng", "chiâng"}, ["懻"] = {}, ["懼"] = {"gṳ̄"}, ["懽"] = {}, ["懾"] = {"niah"}, ["懿"] = {"i̍"}, ["戀"] = {"lē̤ng"}, ["戁"] = {}, ["戃"] = {}, ["戄"] = {}, ["戇"] = {"ngō̤ng"}, ["戈"] = {"ko̤", "go̤"}, ["戉"] = {}, ["戊"] = {"bō"}, ["戌"] = {"seoh", "se̤h"}, ["戍"] = {"sṳ̍"}, ["戎"] = {"cé̤ng"}, ["成"] = {"chiáⁿ", "siáⁿ", "síng"}, ["我"] = {"guâ", "ngô̤"}, ["戒"] = {"ga̍i"}, ["戔"] = {}, ["戕"] = {"chió̤ng"}, ["或"] = {"he̍h"}, ["戚"] = {"chih"}, ["戛"] = {"ga̍h*"}, ["戟"] = {"kih"}, ["戠"] = {}, ["戡"] = {"kang"}, ["戢"] = {"chi̍h"}, ["戣"] = {}, ["戥"] = {"dêng"}, ["戧"] = {}, ["戩"] = {"ciâng"}, ["截"] = {"sa̤̍h*", "ca̤̍h*", "ce̍h", "ca̤̍h"}, ["戭"] = {}, ["戮"] = {"le̤̍h"}, ["戰"] = {"ce̍ng"}, ["戲"] = {"hi̍", "hó"}, ["戴"] = {"di̍", "da̍i", "de̤̍"}, ["戳"] = {"dō̤", "to̤h", "tū"}, ["戶"] = {"hō"}, ["戺"] = {}, ["戽"] = {"ho̍"}, ["戾"] = {"lā̤"}, ["房"] = {"báng", "bó̤ng"}, ["所"] = {"sê̤"}, ["扁"] = {"bêng", "peng", "bâng", "bôiⁿ"}, ["扂"] = {}, ["扃"] = {}, ["扆"] = {}, ["扇"] = {"si̍ng", "se̍ng"}, ["扈"] = {"hō"}, ["扉"] = {"hi"}, ["扊"] = {}, ["手"] = {"chiû", "siû"}, ["才"] = {"cái"}, ["扎"] = {"cah"}, ["扐"] = {}, ["扑"] = {}, ["扒"] = {}, ["打"] = {"dâ"}, ["扔"] = {"leong"}, ["𢩫"] = {"ngá̤"}, ["扏"] = {"kiû"}, ["托"] = {"to̤h", "deo", "teō", "dō̤", "tū"}, ["扛"] = {"gng", "káng"}, ["扜"] = {}, ["扞"] = {"huāⁿ"}, ["扡"] = {}, ["扢"] = {}, ["扣"] = {"ka̤̍u", "ka̍u"}, ["扤"] = {}, ["扦"] = {}, ["㧎"] = {"gá"}, ["扭"] = {"niû"}, ["扮"] = {"bāng"}, ["扯"] = {"châ̤"}, ["扱"] = {}, ["扳"] = {"bâng"}, ["扶"] = {"hú", "pó"}, ["批"] = {"pa̤"}, ["扺"] = {}, ["扻"] = {"ka̍ng"}, ["扼"] = {"eh"}, ["找"] = {"câu"}, ["承"] = {"síng"}, ["技"] = {"gī"}, ["抃"] = {}, ["抄"] = {"chau", "cha̤u"}, ["抆"] = {}, ["抇"] = {"heoh"}, ["抉"] = {"ge̤h"}, ["把"] = {"bô̤", "bâ"}, ["抌"] = {}, ["抎"] = {}, ["抏"] = {}, ["抑"] = {"i̍h"}, ["抒"] = {"sṳ"}, ["抓"] = {"cua"}, ["抔"] = {"beoh"}, ["投"] = {"dáu", "dá̤u"}, ["抖"] = {"dā̤u"}, ["抗"] = {"ko̤̍ng"}, ["折"] = {"si̍h*", "chio̤̍h*", "ceh", "si̍h"}, ["㧓"] = {"hó"}, ["㧗"] = {"cheô"}, ["抨"] = {"píng"}, ["抪"] = {}, ["披"] = {"pi"}, ["抬"] = {"tái"}, ["抭"] = {}, ["抮"] = {}, ["抱"] = {"peō", "pāu"}, ["抴"] = {"chio̤̍"}, ["抵"] = {"dâ̤"}, ["抶"] = {"di̍h"}, ["抹"] = {"buā", "buah", "bo̤h"}, ["押"] = {"ō̤", "ah"}, ["抽"] = {"tiu"}, ["抾"] = {"kā̤u", "kah"}, ["抿"] = {"mîng"}, ["拂"] = {"beoh", "heoh"}, ["拃"] = {"cah"}, ["拄"] = {"dû", "cṳ̄"}, ["拆"] = {"tiā", "cheh"}, ["拇"] = {"beô"}, ["拈"] = {"niáng", "ning"}, ["拉"] = {"la̍h", "la", "lo̤̍h*"}, ["拊"] = {"pû"}, ["拋"] = {"pau", "po̤"}, ["拌"] = {"buāng"}, ["拍"] = {"pā", "pah", "peh"}, ["拎"] = {}, ["拏"] = {}, ["拐"] = {"guâi"}, ["拑"] = {}, ["拒"] = {"gṳ̂", "gṳ̄"}, ["拓"] = {"tah", "to̤h"}, ["拔"] = {"ba̍h"}, ["拖"] = {"tua"}, ["拗"] = {"ô̤"}, ["拘"] = {"kṳ"}, ["拙"] = {}, ["拚"] = {"bia̍ⁿ"}, ["招"] = {"ca̤u"}, ["拜"] = {"ba̍i"}, ["拫"] = {"éng"}, ["括"] = {}, ["拭"] = {"seo̍h", "chih"}, ["拮"] = {"geh"}, ["拯"] = {"cîng"}, ["拱"] = {"gô̤ng"}, ["拲"] = {}, ["拳"] = {"geóng"}, ["拴"] = {"che̤ng"}, ["拵"] = {}, ["拶"] = {"cah"}, ["拷"] = {"ko̤̍"}, ["拸"] = {"tî"}, ["拹"] = {"hia̍h"}, ["拼"] = {"ping", "pi̍ng", "bia̍ⁿ"}, ["拽"] = {}, ["拾"] = {"kah", "si̍h"}, ["拿"] = {"ná"}, ["挀"] = {}, ["持"] = {"dí"}, ["挂"] = {}, ["挃"] = {"dí", "di̍h*"}, ["指"] = {"cî", "gî", "câi"}, ["挈"] = {}, ["按"] = {"a̍ng"}, ["挋"] = {}, ["挌"] = {}, ["挍"] = {}, ["挎"] = {}, ["挏"] = {}, ["挐"] = {}, ["挑"] = {"ta̤u", "tâ̤u"}, ["挖"] = {"lê̤", "ua"}, ["𢫫"] = {"leoh"}, ["㧸"] = {"bo̤ng"}, ["挨"] = {"a̤", "ai", "a̤ⁿ"}, ["挩"] = {}, ["挪"] = {"nó̤", "nio̤̍"}, ["挫"] = {}, ["挬"] = {}, ["振"] = {"cîng"}, ["挰"] = {"dáⁿ"}, ["挲"] = {}, ["挴"] = {}, ["挶"] = {}, ["挹"] = {"ih"}, ["挺"] = {"têng"}, ["挻"] = {}, ["挼"] = {}, ["挽"] = {"mâng"}, ["挾"] = {"gā̤", "gia̍h", "hia̍h"}, ["捀"] = {"páng"}, ["捁"] = {}, ["捂"] = {}, ["捃"] = {}, ["捄"] = {}, ["捅"] = {}, ["捆"] = {"keông"}, ["捉"] = {"che̤h"}, ["捊"] = {}, ["捋"] = {"lua̍h*", "lua̍h", "leo̍h"}, ["捌"] = {"beh", "bah"}, ["捍"] = {}, ["捎"] = {"sau", "sāu"}, ["捏"] = {"nā", "niah"}, ["捐"] = {"ge̤ng"}, ["捒"] = {"lah"}, ["捔"] = {}, ["捕"] = {"bô", "bō"}, ["捖"] = {}, ["捘"] = {"cheōng", "ceo̍ng"}, ["㧻"] = {"do̤h"}, ["捥"] = {}, ["捧"] = {"páng", "pó̤ng"}, ["捨"] = {}, ["捩"] = {}, ["捫"] = {"meóng"}, ["捭"] = {}, ["据"] = {}, ["捯"] = {}, ["捱"] = {"ah"}, ["捲"] = {"gôiⁿ", "gê̤ng"}, ["捵"] = {}, ["捶"] = {"dúi"}, ["捷"] = {"cia̍h"}, ["捺"] = {"na̍"}, ["捻"] = {"nia̍ng"}, ["捼"] = {"dói", "nói", "neó"}, ["捽"] = {}, ["捾"] = {"guāⁿ"}, ["掀"] = {"heng", "he̤ng", "hiang"}, ["掂"] = {"dia̍ng"}, ["掃"] = {"sô̤", "neo̍", "sa̍u"}, ["掄"] = {"leong"}, ["掇"] = {"de̤h"}, ["授"] = {"siū"}, ["掉"] = {"da̤̍u"}, ["掊"] = {}, ["掌"] = {"câ̤uⁿ", "ciô̤ng"}, ["掎"] = {}, ["掏"] = {}, ["掐"] = {"keh", "kia̍h"}, ["排"] = {"bá̤", "bái"}, ["掔"] = {}, ["掖"] = {}, ["掗"] = {"a̍"}, ["掘"] = {"geo̍h"}, ["掙"] = {"ceng"}, ["掛"] = {"gua̍", "ga̤̍"}, ["掜"] = {"ngâ̤"}, ["掝"] = {}, ["掞"] = {}, ["掠"] = {"lio̤̍h"}, ["採"] = {"châi"}, ["探"] = {"ta̍ng"}, ["掣"] = {"ca̤̍"}, ["掤"] = {}, ["接"] = {"cī", "ciah"}, ["控"] = {"ko̤̍ng", "ka̍ng"}, ["推"] = {"te̤", "chui", "tui", "toi"}, ["掩"] = {"iâng"}, ["措"] = {"cho̍"}, ["掫"] = {}, ["掬"] = {}, ["掭"] = {}, ["掮"] = {}, ["掯"] = {}, ["掰"] = {}, ["掱"] = {}, ["掳"] = {"lō"}, ["掽"] = {}, ["掾"] = {}, ["掿"] = {"na̍h"}, ["揀"] = {"gâ̤ⁿ", "gâng"}, ["揃"] = {}, ["揄"] = {}, ["揆"] = {"gûi"}, ["揉"] = {"ciú"}, ["揊"] = {}, ["揌"] = {"seh"}, ["揍"] = {}, ["揎"] = {"se̤ng"}, ["描"] = {"bá̤u"}, ["提"] = {"dá̤", "tá̤"}, ["插"] = {"chah", "chō̤"}, ["揕"] = {}, ["揖"] = {"ih"}, ["揘"] = {}, ["揚"] = {"chá̤uⁿ", "ió̤ng"}, ["換"] = {"iō̤ⁿ", "hua̍ng"}, ["揜"] = {}, ["揝"] = {}, ["揞"] = {"ing"}, ["揟"] = {}, ["揠"] = {"ah"}, ["握"] = {"ah"}, ["揢"] = {"ga̍h*"}, ["揣"] = {"chûi", "tôi", "no̍i", "cho̍i"}, ["揤"] = {"seo̍h"}, ["揥"] = {}, ["揦"] = {"la̍h"}, ["揨"] = {}, ["揩"] = {"ká", "kai"}, ["揪"] = {"chiu"}, ["揫"] = {}, ["揭"] = {"gio̤̍h*", "geh", "gio̤̍h"}, ["揮"] = {"hui"}, ["揯"] = {}, ["揱"] = {}, ["揲"] = {"ia̍h*", "ia̍h"}, ["揳"] = {}, ["援"] = {"é̤ng"}, ["揵"] = {}, ["揶"] = {}, ["揸"] = {"cō̤"}, ["揹"] = {"iaⁿ"}, ["搜"] = {"sa̤u", "so̤", "cha̤u"}, ["搆"] = {}, ["搉"] = {}, ["搊"] = {}, ["搋"] = {"tî"}, ["搌"] = {"têng"}, ["損"] = {"sô̤ⁿ", "sê̤ⁿ", "sê̤ng"}, ["搏"] = {"po̤h"}, ["搐"] = {}, ["搒"] = {}, ["搓"] = {"cheo"}, ["搔"] = {"so̤"}, ["搕"] = {}, ["搖"] = {"á̤u"}, ["搗"] = {"dô̤"}, ["搘"] = {}, ["搚"] = {}, ["搝"] = {"kiû"}, ["搞"] = {"gáu"}, ["搟"] = {}, ["搠"] = {"sú"}, ["搡"] = {"sô̤ng"}, ["搢"] = {}, ["搣"] = {"ma̤̍h*", "me̍h"}, ["搤"] = {}, ["搥"] = {}, ["搦"] = {"na̍h", "dia̍h", "dia̍h*"}, ["搧"] = {"se̍ng"}, ["搨"] = {"tah"}, ["搪"] = {}, ["搫"] = {}, ["搬"] = {"buaⁿ", "buang"}, ["搭"] = {"dō̤", "dah", "tah"}, ["搯"] = {}, ["搰"] = {"geoh"}, ["搳"] = {}, ["搴"] = {}, ["搵"] = {"eo̍ng"}, ["搶"] = {"châ̤uⁿ", "chiô̤ng"}, ["搷"] = {}, ["搹"] = {}, ["搽"] = {}, ["搾"] = {}, ["摀"] = {"ô"}, ["摁"] = {"a̍ng"}, ["摃"] = {}, ["揅"] = {}, ["摋"] = {"sah"}, ["摍"] = {}, ["摎"] = {"lā̤u"}, ["摏"] = {"ce̤ng"}, ["摐"] = {"cho̤̍ng"}, ["摑"] = {"go̤h"}, ["摒"] = {"bia̍ⁿ"}, ["摓"] = {}, ["摔"] = {"seoh", "sah", "soi"}, ["摕"] = {"ta̤̍h*"}, ["摘"] = {"deh", "dia̍ng"}, ["摙"] = {"leng"}, ["摛"] = {}, ["摜"] = {"guāⁿ", "gua̍ng"}, ["摝"] = {"lo̤̍h"}, ["摞"] = {"lé̤"}, ["摟"] = {}, ["摠"] = {}, ["摡"] = {}, ["摣"] = {"cuá"}, ["摦"] = {}, ["摧"] = {"chui"}, ["摩"] = {"mó̤"}, ["摭"] = {}, ["摮"] = {}, ["摯"] = {}, ["摰"] = {}, ["摲"] = {"chāng"}, ["摳"] = {"kau"}, ["摴"] = {}, ["摵"] = {}, ["摶"] = {}, ["摸"] = {"mo", "mo̤"}, ["摹"] = {}, ["摺"] = {}, ["摻"] = {"chang"}, ["摽"] = {}, ["摿"] = {}, ["撂"] = {}, ["撇"] = {"peh"}, ["𢲸"] = {"lō"}, ["㩋"] = {"sah"}, ["摖"] = {"le̤̍"}, ["撅"] = {}, ["撈"] = {"lo̤"}, ["撊"] = {}, ["撋"] = {"niô̤"}, ["撌"] = {}, ["撏"] = {"chió̤ⁿ"}, ["撐"] = {"taⁿ", "cheng"}, ["撒"] = {"sah"}, ["撓"] = {"dâu", "nga̤u"}, ["撔"] = {"ia̍ⁿ"}, ["撕"] = {"si"}, ["撖"] = {}, ["撗"] = {}, ["撙"] = {"ceông"}, ["撚"] = {"neong", "niâng"}, ["撜"] = {}, ["撝"] = {}, ["撞"] = {"dō̤ng"}, ["撟"] = {"ka̤u̍h*"}, ["撠"] = {"gih"}, ["撢"] = {}, ["撣"] = {"tāng"}, ["撤"] = {"cheh", "de̍h"}, ["撥"] = {"buā"}, ["撦"] = {}, ["撨"] = {"chá̤u"}, ["撩"] = {"lá̤u"}, ["撫"] = {"hû"}, ["撬"] = {"cha̤̍u"}, ["播"] = {"bo̤̍", "bo̤"}, ["撮"] = {"cē̤", "chē̤", "che̤h"}, ["撰"] = {"cuāng"}, ["撲"] = {"peoh", "po̤h"}, ["撳"] = {}, ["撴"] = {"deong"}, ["撻"] = {"tah"}, ["撼"] = {"hāng"}, ["撽"] = {}, ["撾"] = {"cua"}, ["撿"] = {"giâng"}, ["擁"] = {"e̤̍ng"}, ["擂"] = {"lúi", "lūi"}, ["擄"] = {"lô"}, ["擅"] = {"sēng"}, ["擇"] = {"ce̍h"}, ["擉"] = {}, ["擊"] = {"kih"}, ["擋"] = {"do̤̍ng"}, ["操"] = {"cho̤", "chau", "cho̤̍"}, ["擎"] = {"ging"}, ["擏"] = {}, ["擐"] = {"huāng"}, ["擒"] = {"kíng"}, ["擔"] = {"do̤ⁿ", "do̤̍ⁿ", "dang", "da̍ng"}, ["擖"] = {}, ["擗"] = {}, ["擘"] = {"bā"}, ["據"] = {"gṳ̍"}, ["𢶀"] = {"cho̍i"}, ["㩟"] = {"cāi"}, ["擠"] = {"ca̤", "kā̤"}, ["擡"] = {"tái"}, ["擢"] = {}, ["擣"] = {}, ["擤"] = {"sêng"}, ["擦"] = {"chah", "chuā"}, ["擨"] = {}, ["擩"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["擪"] = {"eh"}, ["擫"] = {}, ["擬"] = {"gî"}, ["擭"] = {}, ["擯"] = {}, ["擰"] = {}, ["擱"] = {"go̤h"}, ["㩢"] = {"buah"}, ["擲"] = {"diāⁿ", "dih"}, ["擴"] = {"ko̤h", "guah"}, ["擷"] = {}, ["擸"] = {}, ["擺"] = {"bâi"}, ["擻"] = {}, ["擽"] = {"ngau"}, ["擾"] = {"câ̤u", "nâu"}, ["擿"] = {}, ["攀"] = {"pang"}, ["攄"] = {"se̤"}, ["攆"] = {"niâng"}, ["攇"] = {}, ["攉"] = {}, ["攊"] = {"le̍h"}, ["攌"] = {}, ["攍"] = {}, ["攎"] = {"ló"}, ["攏"] = {"ló̤ng"}, ["攐"] = {}, ["攑"] = {"gio̤̍h*", "gio̤̍h"}, ["攓"] = {}, ["攔"] = {"láng"}, ["攕"] = {}, ["攖"] = {}, ["攗"] = {}, ["攘"] = {}, ["攙"] = {}, ["攛"] = {"chua̍ng"}, ["攜"] = {"há̤"}, ["攝"] = {"niah", "siah"}, ["攠"] = {}, ["攡"] = {}, ["攢"] = {"cang"}, ["攣"] = {"luáng"}, ["攤"] = {"tang", "tuaⁿ"}, ["攦"] = {"lā̤"}, ["攩"] = {}, ["攪"] = {"gô̤"}, ["攫"] = {}, ["攬"] = {"lâng"}, ["攭"] = {}, ["攮"] = {}, ["支"] = {"ci", "cṳ", "gi"}, ["攲"] = {"ki"}, ["攳"] = {}, ["收"] = {"siu"}, ["攷"] = {"kô̤"}, ["攸"] = {"hiu"}, ["改"] = {"gê̤", "gâi"}, ["攻"] = {"go̤ng"}, ["攽"] = {}, ["放"] = {"ba̍ng", "ho̤̍ng", "hn̍g"}, ["政"] = {"ci̍ng"}, ["敁"] = {}, ["故"] = {"go̍"}, ["敆"] = {}, ["效"] = {"hāu"}, ["敉"] = {}, ["敊"] = {}, ["啟"] = {"kâ̤"}, ["敏"] = {"mîng"}, ["救"] = {"giu̍"}, ["敓"] = {}, ["敔"] = {}, ["敕"] = {"tih"}, ["敖"] = {"gó̤", "gō̤"}, ["敗"] = {"bāi"}, ["敘"] = {"sṳ̄"}, ["教"] = {"go̤̍", "ga̍u"}, ["㪗"] = {"tâu"}, ["敜"] = {}, ["敝"] = {"ba̤̍"}, ["敞"] = {"chiô̤ng"}, ["敢"] = {"gô̤ⁿ", "gâng"}, ["散"] = {"sua̍ⁿ", "sa̍ng", "sâng"}, ["敤"] = {}, ["敦"] = {"deong"}, ["敧"] = {}, ["敪"] = {}, ["𢽚"] = {"to̤h"}, ["敬"] = {"gi̍ng"}, ["敯"] = {}, ["㪠"] = {"ka̤̍"}, ["敲"] = {"ko̤̍", "ka̤u", "ko̤̍ⁿ"}, ["敳"] = {}, ["整"] = {"cîng", "ciâⁿ"}, ["敵"] = {"de̍h"}, ["敶"] = {}, ["敷"] = {"hu"}, ["數"] = {"ca̤̍u", "sa̤̍u", "so̍", "sah", "sô"}, ["敹"] = {}, ["敺"] = {}, ["敻"] = {}, ["敿"] = {}, ["斀"] = {}, ["斁"] = {}, ["斂"] = {"liāng"}, ["㪬"] = {"to̤h", "tū"}, ["斃"] = {"bā̤"}, ["斄"] = {}, ["文"] = {"meóng", "mói"}, ["斌"] = {"bing"}, ["斐"] = {"hi"}, ["斑"] = {"bang"}, ["斒"] = {}, ["斔"] = {}, ["斕"] = {}, ["斖"] = {}, ["斗"] = {"dâu", "dâ̤u"}, ["料"] = {"lā̤u"}, ["斛"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["斜"] = {"siá", "sia̍h*", "chio̤̍h*", "chio̤̍h"}, ["斝"] = {}, ["斞"] = {}, ["斟"] = {"cing"}, ["斠"] = {"ga̍u"}, ["斡"] = {"uah"}, ["斤"] = {"gṳng"}, ["斥"] = {"chih"}, ["斧"] = {"bô"}, ["斨"] = {}, ["斪"] = {}, ["斫"] = {}, ["斬"] = {"câng"}, ["斮"] = {}, ["斯"] = {"seo"}, ["新"] = {"sing"}, ["斲"] = {}, ["斶"] = {"che̤h"}, ["斷"] = {"dō̤ⁿ", "dua̍ng", "dē̤ⁿ", "duāng"}, ["斸"] = {"de̤h"}, ["方"] = {"ho̤ng", "hn̍g", "hn̄g", "hng"}, ["斻"] = {}, ["於"] = {"ṳ́"}, ["施"] = {"sio̤", "si"}, ["斿"] = {}, ["旁"] = {"bó̤ng"}, ["旂"] = {}, ["旃"] = {}, ["旄"] = {}, ["旅"] = {"lṳ̂"}, ["旆"] = {}, ["旋"] = {"sé̤ng", "sē̤ⁿ"}, ["旌"] = {"cing"}, ["旍"] = {}, ["旎"] = {"nî"}, ["族"] = {"co̤̍h"}, ["旐"] = {}, ["旒"] = {}, ["旓"] = {}, ["旖"] = {"î"}, ["旗"] = {"gí"}, ["旚"] = {}, ["旛"] = {}, ["旝"] = {}, ["旞"] = {}, ["旟"] = {}, ["既"] = {"gi̍"}, ["日"] = {"di̍h", "ci̍h"}, ["旦"] = {"da̍ng", "dua̍ⁿ"}, ["旨"] = {"cî"}, ["早"] = {"cô̤"}, ["旬"] = {"seóng"}, ["旭"] = {"he̤h"}, ["旮"] = {}, ["旯"] = {}, ["旰"] = {}, ["旱"] = {"hāng", "guāⁿ"}, ["旳"] = {}, ["旴"] = {"hṳ"}, ["旺"] = {"ō̤ng"}, ["旻"] = {"míng"}, ["旼"] = {}, ["昀"] = {"eóng"}, ["昂"] = {"ngó̤ng"}, ["昃"] = {}, ["昄"] = {}, ["昆"] = {"keong"}, ["昇"] = {}, ["昈"] = {}, ["昉"] = {}, ["昊"] = {"hō̤"}, ["昌"] = {"chio̤ng"}, ["明"] = {"má", "míng", "miá"}, ["昏"] = {"hoiⁿ", "heong"}, ["昒"] = {"heoh"}, ["易"] = {"ī", "iā", "i̍h"}, ["昔"] = {"sih"}, ["昕"] = {"hṳng"}, ["昜"] = {}, ["昝"] = {}, ["星"] = {"chaⁿ", "sing"}, ["映"] = {"e̍ng", "i̍ng", "io̤̍ng"}, ["昡"] = {"hē̤ng"}, ["昢"] = {}, ["春"] = {"cheong"}, ["昦"] = {}, ["昧"] = {"bōi"}, ["昨"] = {"seo̍h", "seo̍h*", "ca̍"}, ["昫"] = {}, ["昭"] = {"ca̤u"}, ["是"] = {"sī", "si̍h"}, ["昱"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["昲"] = {}, ["昳"] = {}, ["昴"] = {"bâu"}, ["昵"] = {}, ["昶"] = {"chiô̤ng"}, ["昺"] = {}, ["晁"] = {}, ["時"] = {"sí"}, ["晃"] = {"hô̤ng"}, ["晅"] = {"hé̤ng"}, ["晇"] = {}, ["晉"] = {"ci̍ng"}, ["晊"] = {}, ["晌"] = {}, ["晏"] = {"ua̍ⁿ", "a̍ng"}, ["晒"] = {}, ["勗"] = {}, ["晗"] = {"háng"}, ["晙"] = {}, ["晚"] = {"mâng"}, ["晛"] = {}, ["晜"] = {}, ["晝"] = {"da̍u", "diu̍"}, ["晞"] = {"hi"}, ["晟"] = {"sīng"}, ["晡"] = {}, ["晢"] = {}, ["晤"] = {"gō"}, ["晥"] = {}, ["晦"] = {"hôi"}, ["晨"] = {"síng"}, ["晬"] = {"ce̤̍"}, ["普"] = {"pô"}, ["景"] = {"gîng"}, ["晰"] = {}, ["晴"] = {"sáⁿ", "cíng"}, ["晶"] = {"cing"}, ["晷"] = {}, ["智"] = {"di̍"}, ["晻"] = {}, ["晼"] = {}, ["晾"] = {"niá", "liō̤ng"}, ["暀"] = {}, ["暑"] = {"sṳ̂"}, ["暄"] = {"se̤ng"}, ["暆"] = {}, ["暇"] = {"há"}, ["暈"] = {}, ["暉"] = {"hui"}, ["暋"] = {}, ["暌"] = {}, ["暍"] = {}, ["暐"] = {}, ["暕"] = {}, ["暖"] = {"nuâng"}, ["暗"] = {"a̍ng"}, ["暘"] = {}, ["暝"] = {"má", "méng", "míng"}, ["暠"] = {}, ["暡"] = {}, ["暢"] = {"tio̤̍ng"}, ["暨"] = {"gi̍"}, ["暩"] = {}, ["暫"] = {"cāng"}, ["暮"] = {"bō"}, ["暰"] = {}, ["暱"] = {"nih"}, ["暴"] = {"bō̤"}, ["暵"] = {}, ["㬟"] = {"béng", "bēng"}, ["暹"] = {"siang"}, ["暾"] = {"deong"}, ["曀"] = {}, ["曄"] = {}, ["曆"] = {"le̍h"}, ["曇"] = {"táng"}, ["曈"] = {"dó̤ng"}, ["曉"] = {"hâ̤u"}, ["曊"] = {}, ["曋"] = {}, ["曏"] = {}, ["曒"] = {}, ["曖"] = {"a̍i"}, ["曚"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["𣋉"] = {"e̤h"}, ["曙"] = {"sṳ̂"}, ["曛"] = {"heong"}, ["曜"] = {"ā̤u"}, ["曝"] = {"po̤̍h"}, ["曠"] = {"ko̤̍ng"}, ["曣"] = {}, ["曦"] = {"hi"}, ["曨"] = {}, ["曩"] = {"nô̤ng"}, ["曬"] = {"sa̍i"}, ["曭"] = {}, ["曮"] = {}, ["曰"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["曲"] = {"ke̤h"}, ["曳"] = {"iō̤"}, ["更"] = {"gaⁿ", "ge̍ng", "geng"}, ["曶"] = {"heoh"}, ["曷"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["書"] = {"cṳ", "sṳ", "co"}, ["曹"] = {"có̤"}, ["曼"] = {"māng"}, ["曾"] = {"ceng", "céng"}, ["替"] = {"ta̤̍"}, ["朁"] = {}, ["會"] = {"hōi", "ā̤", "eh", "go̍i"}, ["朄"] = {}, ["朅"] = {}, ["朆"] = {"bēng"}, ["𣍐"] = {"bā̤"}, ["月"] = {"go̍ih*", "ge̤̍h", "gōi", "go̍ih"}, ["有"] = {"ū", "iû", "uh"}, ["朊"] = {"uâng"}, ["朋"] = {"béng"}, ["服"] = {"ho̤̍h"}, ["朏"] = {}, ["朐"] = {}, ["朒"] = {"ne̤h"}, ["朓"] = {}, ["朔"] = {"so̤h"}, ["朕"] = {"dīng"}, ["朗"] = {"lô̤ng"}, ["朘"] = {}, ["望"] = {"mō̤ng"}, ["朝"] = {"dá̤u", "da̤u"}, ["期"] = {"gí"}, ["朢"] = {}, ["朣"] = {}, ["朦"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["朧"] = {"ló̤ng"}, ["木"] = {"bo̤̍h", "ba̍h"}, ["未"] = {"bī", "bōi"}, ["末"] = {"po̍ih*", "bua̍h", "po̍ih"}, ["本"] = {"bôiⁿ", "beông"}, ["札"] = {"cah"}, ["朮"] = {}, ["朱"] = {"co"}, ["朳"] = {"ba̤"}, ["朴"] = {}, ["朵"] = {"dô̤"}, ["朸"] = {"li̍h"}, ["朹"] = {}, ["机"] = {}, ["朻"] = {}, ["朼"] = {}, ["朽"] = {"hiû", "a̍u"}, ["朾"] = {}, ["朿"] = {}, ["杅"] = {}, ["杆"] = {"gang", "gâng", "guaⁿ"}, ["杇"] = {"u"}, ["杈"] = {"cho̤"}, ["杉"] = {"sang"}, ["杌"] = {}, ["李"] = {"lî"}, ["杏"] = {"hēng"}, ["材"] = {"cái"}, ["村"] = {"che̤ng"}, ["杓"] = {}, ["杕"] = {}, ["杖"] = {"tā̤uⁿ", "diō̤ng"}, ["杗"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["杙"] = {}, ["杜"] = {"dō"}, ["杝"] = {}, ["杞"] = {"kî"}, ["束"] = {"so̤h"}, ["杠"] = {"gn̍g"}, ["杧"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["杪"] = {}, ["杬"] = {}, ["杭"] = {"háng"}, ["杮"] = {"po̍i"}, ["杯"] = {"boi"}, ["杰"] = {"gia̍h"}, ["東"] = {"dang", "do̤ng"}, ["杲"] = {}, ["杳"] = {"â̤u"}, ["杴"] = {"hing"}, ["杵"] = {"tṳ́", "tû"}, ["杶"] = {}, ["杷"] = {"bó̤"}, ["杻"] = {}, ["杼"] = {}, ["松"] = {"sé̤ng", "so̤ng"}, ["板"] = {"bâng", "bâ̤ⁿ"}, ["构"] = {}, ["枅"] = {}, ["枆"] = {}, ["枇"] = {"bí"}, ["枉"] = {"nô̤ng", "ô̤ng"}, ["枋"] = {"bang"}, ["枌"] = {}, ["枍"] = {}, ["枎"] = {}, ["析"] = {"sih"}, ["枑"] = {"hō"}, ["枒"] = {}, ["枓"] = {"dâ̤u"}, ["枕"] = {"cîng"}, ["林"] = {"nâ̤", "nó̤", "líng", "ná̤"}, ["枘"] = {}, ["枚"] = {}, ["果"] = {"gô̤", "go̍ih*", "gôi"}, ["枝"] = {"gi", "ci"}, ["枯"] = {"ko"}, ["枰"] = {"píng"}, ["枲"] = {}, ["枳"] = {"cî"}, ["枴"] = {}, ["枵"] = {"a̤u"}, ["架"] = {"ga̍", "go̤̍"}, ["枷"] = {"ga", "gó̤"}, ["枸"] = {}, ["枹"] = {}, ["枺"] = {}, ["枻"] = {}, ["柀"] = {}, ["柁"] = {}, ["柂"] = {}, ["柄"] = {"ba̍ⁿ", "ba̍", "bîng", "bi̍ng"}, ["柅"] = {"ni"}, ["柈"] = {}, ["柍"] = {}, ["柎"] = {}, ["柏"] = {"bā", "beh", "bah"}, ["某"] = {"bô"}, ["柑"] = {"gang", "go̤ⁿ"}, ["柒"] = {"chih"}, ["染"] = {"nîng", "ciâng"}, ["柔"] = {"ciú"}, ["柘"] = {"cia̍"}, ["柙"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["柚"] = {"iū"}, ["柜"] = {}, ["柝"] = {}, ["柞"] = {"ca̍"}, ["柟"] = {}, ["柢"] = {"dâ̤"}, ["柣"] = {}, ["柤"] = {}, ["查"] = {"ca", "chá", "cua"}, ["柧"] = {}, ["柩"] = {"giū"}, ["柫"] = {}, ["柬"] = {"gâng"}, ["柮"] = {}, ["柯"] = {"keo", "ko̤", "gua"}, ["柰"] = {"nāi"}, ["柱"] = {"tiū", "diû", "cṳ̄"}, ["柲"] = {}, ["柳"] = {"liû"}, ["柴"] = {"chá", "chái", "chó̤"}, ["柵"] = {"cheh", "sang"}, ["柶"] = {}, ["柷"] = {}, ["柸"] = {}, ["柿"] = {"kī"}, ["栒"] = {}, ["栓"] = {"che̤ng"}, ["栔"] = {}, ["栖"] = {}, ["栗"] = {"li̍h"}, ["栘"] = {}, ["栚"] = {}, ["栜"] = {}, ["栝"] = {}, ["栟"] = {}, ["校"] = {"ga̍u", "hāu"}, ["栩"] = {"ṳ̂", "hṳ̂"}, ["株"] = {"dau", "cṳ"}, ["栫"] = {}, ["栭"] = {"cí"}, ["栯"] = {}, ["栱"] = {}, ["栲"] = {"kō̤"}, ["栳"] = {}, ["栴"] = {}, ["栵"] = {}, ["核"] = {"he̍h", "heo̍h"}, ["根"] = {"gṳng", "geng"}, ["栻"] = {}, ["格"] = {"geh", "gā"}, ["栽"] = {"cai"}, ["桀"] = {"gia̍h"}, ["桁"] = {"áⁿ", "héng"}, ["桂"] = {"ga̤̍"}, ["桃"] = {"teó", "tó̤"}, ["桄"] = {"gng"}, ["桅"] = {"úi"}, ["框"] = {"ko̤ng"}, ["案"] = {"a̍ng"}, ["桉"] = {}, ["桊"] = {"go̍iⁿ", "go̍i"}, ["桋"] = {}, ["桌"] = {"deō", "do̤h"}, ["桎"] = {}, ["桏"] = {}, ["桐"] = {"dáng", "táng", "dó̤ng", "dńg"}, ["桑"] = {"so̤ng"}, ["桓"] = {"huáng"}, ["桔"] = {}, ["桗"] = {"dô"}, ["桭"] = {}, ["桮"] = {}, ["桯"] = {}, ["桴"] = {}, ["桵"] = {}, ["桶"] = {"tâng"}, ["桷"] = {}, ["桸"] = {"hio̤"}, ["桹"] = {}, ["桼"] = {}, ["桿"] = {"gang", "gâng"}, ["梁"] = {"ná̤u", "lió̤ng"}, ["梂"] = {}, ["梃"] = {}, ["梅"] = {"bói", "ńg"}, ["梆"] = {}, ["梇"] = {}, ["梏"] = {}, ["梐"] = {}, ["梒"] = {}, ["梓"] = {"ceô"}, ["梔"] = {"gi", "chi", "ci"}, ["梗"] = {"gâⁿ", "gêng"}, ["梜"] = {"gia̍h"}, ["條"] = {"dá̤u"}, ["梟"] = {}, ["梡"] = {}, ["梢"] = {"sau"}, ["梣"] = {}, ["梧"] = {"gó"}, ["梨"] = {"lái", "lí", "lá̤"}, ["梩"] = {}, ["梫"] = {}, ["梬"] = {}, ["梭"] = {"che̤", "so̤"}, ["梮"] = {}, ["梯"] = {"tui", "ta̤"}, ["械"] = {"ga̍i", "hāi"}, ["梱"] = {}, ["梲"] = {}, ["梳"] = {"se̤"}, ["梴"] = {}, ["梵"] = {}, ["棄"] = {"ki̍"}, ["棆"] = {}, ["棉"] = {"méng", "míng"}, ["棋"] = {"gí"}, ["棌"] = {}, ["棍"] = {"geo̍ng"}, ["棐"] = {}, ["棑"] = {"bái"}, ["棒"] = {"bō̤ng"}, ["棓"] = {}, ["棕"] = {"cang", "co̤ng"}, ["棖"] = {}, ["棗"] = {"ceô", "cô̤"}, ["棘"] = {"gih"}, ["棚"] = {"báⁿ"}, ["棜"] = {}, ["棟"] = {"do̤̍ng"}, ["棠"] = {"dó̤ng"}, ["棡"] = {}, ["棣"] = {"dā̤"}, ["棤"] = {}, ["棧"] = {"cāng"}, ["棨"] = {}, ["棪"] = {}, ["棫"] = {"ṳ̍h"}, ["棬"] = {}, ["森"] = {"siang"}, ["棯"] = {}, ["棰"] = {"túi"}, ["棱"] = {}, ["棲"] = {"cha̤"}, ["棳"] = {}, ["棵"] = {}, ["棶"] = {}, ["棷"] = {}, ["棸"] = {}, ["棹"] = {"cāu"}, ["棺"] = {"guang"}, ["棻"] = {}, ["棼"] = {}, ["棽"] = {}, ["椄"] = {}, ["椅"] = {"î"}, ["椇"] = {}, ["椈"] = {}, ["椌"] = {}, ["植"] = {"ci̍h", "si̍h"}, ["椎"] = {"cui", "túi"}, ["椏"] = {}, ["椐"] = {}, ["椑"] = {"bi", "bá̤"}, ["椒"] = {"ca̤u"}, ["椓"] = {}, ["椔"] = {}, ["椪"] = {}, ["㮣"] = {}, ["椰"] = {"á̤"}, ["椳"] = {}, ["椴"] = {}, ["椵"] = {}, ["椸"] = {}, ["椹"] = {}, ["椽"] = {"dóiⁿ"}, ["椿"] = {"teong"}, ["楀"] = {}, ["楂"] = {}, ["楄"] = {}, ["楅"] = {}, ["楈"] = {}, ["楉"] = {}, ["楊"] = {"á̤uⁿ", "ió̤ng", "chá̤uⁿ"}, ["楎"] = {}, ["楓"] = {"boiⁿ", "ho̤ng"}, ["楔"] = {}, ["楖"] = {}, ["楗"] = {}, ["楘"] = {}, ["楙"] = {}, ["楚"] = {"chê̤", "ché̤"}, ["楛"] = {"hō", "kô"}, ["楝"] = {"lē̤ng", "nē̤"}, ["楞"] = {"lia̍ng"}, ["楟"] = {}, ["楠"] = {"náng"}, ["楢"] = {"iú"}, ["楣"] = {"bái", "bí"}, ["楥"] = {}, ["楦"] = {"ho̍iⁿ", "se̤ng"}, ["楨"] = {}, ["楩"] = {}, ["楪"] = {}, ["楫"] = {}, ["楬"] = {}, ["業"] = {"gia̍h"}, ["楮"] = {}, ["楯"] = {"deông"}, ["楰"] = {}, ["楱"] = {}, ["極"] = {"gi̍h"}, ["楶"] = {}, ["楷"] = {"kâi"}, ["楸"] = {}, ["楹"] = {}, ["楺"] = {}, ["榀"] = {"pîng"}, ["概"] = {"ka̍i"}, ["榆"] = {}, ["榔"] = {"ló̤ng", "lńg"}, ["榍"] = {}, ["榎"] = {}, ["榑"] = {}, ["榕"] = {"sé̤ng", "é̤ng"}, ["榖"] = {}, ["榙"] = {}, ["榛"] = {"ceng"}, ["榜"] = {"bô̤ng", "pn̂g", "bn̂g"}, ["榠"] = {}, ["榤"] = {}, ["榦"] = {}, ["榧"] = {"hi"}, ["榨"] = {"ca̍ⁿ", "do̤̍"}, ["榩"] = {}, ["榫"] = {"seông"}, ["榬"] = {}, ["榭"] = {"siā"}, ["榮"] = {"ṳ́ng"}, ["榯"] = {}, ["榰"] = {}, ["榱"] = {}, ["榴"] = {"liú"}, ["榶"] = {}, ["榷"] = {}, ["榹"] = {}, ["榻"] = {"tah"}, ["榼"] = {}, ["榽"] = {}, ["榾"] = {}, ["榿"] = {}, ["槁"] = {}, ["槃"] = {}, ["槄"] = {}, ["槉"] = {}, ["槊"] = {}, ["構"] = {"ga̤̍u"}, ["槌"] = {"túi"}, ["槍"] = {"cha̤uⁿ", "chio̤ng"}, ["槎"] = {}, ["槐"] = {"hói"}, ["槓"] = {"gn̍g"}, ["槔"] = {}, ["槢"] = {}, ["槤"] = {}, ["槥"] = {}, ["槧"] = {}, ["槨"] = {"go̤h"}, ["槬"] = {}, ["槭"] = {}, ["槮"] = {}, ["槱"] = {}, ["槲"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["槳"] = {"câ̤uⁿ", "ciô̤ng"}, ["槷"] = {}, ["槸"] = {}, ["槽"] = {"seó", "có̤"}, ["槾"] = {"māng"}, ["槿"] = {}, ["樀"] = {}, ["樁"] = {"teong"}, ["樂"] = {"ga̍h", "lo̤̍h", "leo̍h*"}, ["樅"] = {}, ["樆"] = {}, ["樊"] = {"huāⁿ"}, ["樓"] = {"láu", "lá̤u"}, ["樔"] = {}, ["樕"] = {}, ["樗"] = {}, ["標"] = {"ba̤u", "bā̤u"}, ["樛"] = {}, ["樝"] = {}, ["樞"] = {"chṳ"}, ["樟"] = {"ca̤uⁿ", "cio̤ng"}, ["樠"] = {}, ["模"] = {"bó"}, ["樣"] = {"ā̤uⁿ", "iō̤ng"}, ["樧"] = {}, ["樨"] = {"sa̤"}, ["樲"] = {"cī"}, ["樴"] = {}, ["樵"] = {"chó̤", "cá̤u"}, ["樸"] = {"po̤h"}, ["樹"] = {"chiu̍", "sṳ̄"}, ["樺"] = {"guá", "huá"}, ["樻"] = {}, ["樽"] = {"ce̤ng", "ceong"}, ["樾"] = {}, ["樿"] = {}, ["橀"] = {}, ["橁"] = {}, ["橂"] = {"dā̤ⁿ"}, ["橄"] = {"gô̤ng"}, ["橇"] = {}, ["橈"] = {}, ["橉"] = {}, ["橋"] = {"gá̤u"}, ["橐"] = {}, ["橑"] = {}, ["橘"] = {"gih"}, ["橙"] = {"díng"}, ["橚"] = {}, ["橛"] = {}, ["橝"] = {}, ["機"] = {"gi", "gui"}, ["橡"] = {"chā̤uⁿ", "siō̤ng"}, ["橢"] = {}, ["橤"] = {}, ["橦"] = {}, ["橧"] = {}, ["橨"] = {}, ["橪"] = {}, ["橫"] = {"huáⁿ", "héng", "uáⁿ", "he̍ng"}, ["橭"] = {}, ["橶"] = {}, ["橷"] = {"dau"}, ["橹"] = {"lô"}, ["橾"] = {}, ["檀"] = {"táng"}, ["檁"] = {}, ["檃"] = {}, ["檄"] = {"hi̍h", "hih"}, ["檇"] = {}, ["檉"] = {"ching"}, ["檍"] = {}, ["檎"] = {}, ["檐"] = {"síng", "iáng"}, ["檓"] = {}, ["檔"] = {"do̤̍ng"}, ["檕"] = {}, ["檖"] = {}, ["檗"] = {}, ["檛"] = {}, ["檜"] = {"go̍i"}, ["檞"] = {}, ["檟"] = {}, ["檠"] = {}, ["檡"] = {}, ["檢"] = {"giâng"}, ["檣"] = {}, ["檥"] = {}, ["檨"] = {"suāng"}, ["檬"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["檮"] = {}, ["檯"] = {"dái"}, ["檳"] = {"bing"}, ["檸"] = {"néng"}, ["檹"] = {}, ["檻"] = {}, ["檽"] = {}, ["櫂"] = {}, ["櫃"] = {"gūi"}, ["櫅"] = {}, ["櫆"] = {}, ["櫋"] = {}, ["櫌"] = {}, ["櫐"] = {}, ["櫑"] = {}, ["櫓"] = {}, ["櫙"] = {}, ["櫚"] = {"lû"}, ["櫛"] = {"seh"}, ["櫜"] = {}, ["櫝"] = {}, ["櫞"] = {"é̤ng"}, ["櫟"] = {"leh", "io̤̍h"}, ["櫠"] = {}, ["櫡"] = {}, ["櫥"] = {"diú", "chṳ́"}, ["櫫"] = {}, ["櫭"] = {"ki̍h"}, ["櫧"] = {}, ["櫨"] = {}, ["櫪"] = {}, ["櫬"] = {"ching"}, ["櫰"] = {}, ["櫱"] = {}, ["櫳"] = {}, ["櫸"] = {"gṳ̂"}, ["櫹"] = {}, ["櫺"] = {}, ["櫻"] = {"ing"}, ["櫼"] = {"cing", "ciang"}, ["欂"] = {}, ["欃"] = {}, ["欄"] = {"nuá", "láng"}, ["欈"] = {}, ["權"] = {"gé̤ng"}, ["欋"] = {}, ["欐"] = {}, ["欑"] = {}, ["欒"] = {"luáng"}, ["欖"] = {"nô̤", "lâng"}, ["欘"] = {}, ["欛"] = {"ba̍"}, ["欠"] = {"kia̍ng"}, ["次"] = {"cheo̍"}, ["欣"] = {"hṳng"}, ["欥"] = {}, ["欨"] = {}, ["欬"] = {}, ["欭"] = {}, ["欯"] = {}, ["欱"] = {}, ["欲"] = {"e̤̍h", "beoh"}, ["欳"] = {}, ["欴"] = {}, ["欶"] = {}, ["欷"] = {}, ["欸"] = {}, ["㰳"] = {"a̍"}, ["欹"] = {"ki"}, ["欺"] = {"ki"}, ["欻"] = {}, ["欽"] = {"king"}, ["款"] = {"kuâng"}, ["欿"] = {}, ["歂"] = {}, ["歃"] = {"chah"}, ["歅"] = {}, ["歆"] = {}, ["歇"] = {"hē̤", "he̤h"}, ["歈"] = {}, ["歉"] = {"kia̍ng"}, ["歊"] = {}, ["歋"] = {}, ["歌"] = {"go̤", "geo"}, ["歍"] = {}, ["歎"] = {"ta̍ng"}, ["歐"] = {"au"}, ["歔"] = {}, ["歕"] = {}, ["歙"] = {"hih", "seh"}, ["歛"] = {}, ["歜"] = {}, ["歟"] = {"ṳ́"}, ["歠"] = {}, ["歡"] = {"huaⁿ", "huang"}, ["止"] = {"cî"}, ["正"] = {"ciaⁿ", "cia̍ⁿ", "ci̍ng", "cing"}, ["此"] = {"cheô"}, ["步"] = {"bō"}, ["武"] = {"bû"}, ["歧"] = {"gī", "gí"}, ["歪"] = {"uai"}, ["歬"] = {"céng"}, ["歭"] = {}, ["歲"] = {"so̍i", "ho̍i"}, ["歶"] = {}, ["歷"] = {"le̍h"}, ["歸"] = {"gui"}, ["歹"] = {"dâi", "gái"}, ["死"] = {"sî", "seô"}, ["歾"] = {}, ["歿"] = {"bo̤̍h"}, ["殀"] = {}, ["殁"] = {"beo̍h"}, ["殂"] = {"có"}, ["殃"] = {"io̤ng"}, ["殄"] = {}, ["殆"] = {}, ["殈"] = {}, ["殉"] = {"seo̍ng", "seōng"}, ["殊"] = {"sṳ́"}, ["殍"] = {"pâ̤u"}, ["殏"] = {}, ["殑"] = {}, ["殔"] = {}, ["殕"] = {"pû"}, ["殖"] = {"si̍h"}, ["殗"] = {}, ["殘"] = {"cáng", "cháng"}, ["殙"] = {}, ["殛"] = {"gih"}, ["殞"] = {"eông"}, ["殟"] = {}, ["殠"] = {}, ["殢"] = {}, ["殣"] = {}, ["殤"] = {}, ["殥"] = {}, ["殦"] = {}, ["殧"] = {}, ["殪"] = {}, ["殫"] = {}, ["殭"] = {"gio̤ng"}, ["殮"] = {"liāng"}, ["殯"] = {"bi̍ng"}, ["殰"] = {}, ["殲"] = {"chiang"}, ["殳"] = {"sṳ́"}, ["段"] = {"duāⁿ", "duāng"}, ["殶"] = {}, ["殷"] = {"ṳng", "eng"}, ["殺"] = {"sah", "suā"}, ["殼"] = {"kah", "kā̤"}, ["殽"] = {}, ["殿"] = {"dēng"}, ["毀"] = {"hûi"}, ["毃"] = {}, ["毄"] = {}, ["毅"] = {"gī"}, ["毆"] = {}, ["毇"] = {}, ["毈"] = {}, ["毉"] = {}, ["毊"] = {}, ["毋"] = {"n̄g"}, ["毌"] = {"gua̍ng"}, ["母"] = {"beô", "bâ̤u", "n̂g", "bô"}, ["每"] = {"bôi"}, ["毐"] = {}, ["毒"] = {"do̤̍h", "ta̍u", "da̍h"}, ["毓"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["比"] = {"bî"}, ["毖"] = {"bi̍"}, ["毗"] = {}, ["毘"] = {}, ["毚"] = {}, ["毛"] = {"beó", "mńg", "mó̤", "mú"}, ["毜"] = {"mi"}, ["毞"] = {}, ["毡"] = {"ceng"}, ["毣"] = {"mah"}, ["毤"] = {}, ["毦"] = {}, ["毨"] = {}, ["毫"] = {"hó̤"}, ["毬"] = {"giú"}, ["毯"] = {"tâng"}, ["毰"] = {}, ["毲"] = {}, ["毳"] = {}, ["毸"] = {"seo"}, ["毹"] = {}, ["毻"] = {}, ["毼"] = {}, ["毽"] = {"ka̤̍"}, ["毾"] = {}, ["毿"] = {}, ["氀"] = {}, ["氁"] = {}, ["氂"] = {}, ["氄"] = {}, ["氅"] = {"chiô̤ng"}, ["氆"] = {"pô"}, ["氈"] = {"ceng"}, ["氍"] = {}, ["氏"] = {"sī"}, ["氐"] = {}, ["民"] = {"míng"}, ["氓"] = {"máng", "méng", "mó̤ng"}, ["气"] = {}, ["氕"] = {"peh"}, ["氖"] = {"nâi"}, ["氘"] = {"do̤"}, ["氙"] = {}, ["氚"] = {"che̤ng"}, ["氛"] = {"heong"}, ["氟"] = {"heo̍h"}, ["氠"] = {}, ["氡"] = {"do̤ng"}, ["氣"] = {"ki̍", "ku̍i"}, ["氤"] = {"ing"}, ["氦"] = {"hāi"}, ["氧"] = {"iô̤ng"}, ["氨"] = {"ang"}, ["氪"] = {}, ["氫"] = {"ging"}, ["氬"] = {"a̍"}, ["氮"] = {"dāng"}, ["氯"] = {"le̤̍h"}, ["氰"] = {}, ["氲"] = {"eong"}, ["氳"] = {"eong"}, ["水"] = {"cûi", "sûi"}, ["氶"] = {}, ["永"] = {"ṳ̂ng"}, ["氹"] = {"dō̤ng"}, ["氾"] = {}, ["氿"] = {}, ["汀"] = {"teng"}, ["汁"] = {"ciah"}, ["求"] = {"giú"}, ["汃"] = {}, ["汆"] = {"chah", "chua̍ng"}, ["汊"] = {}, ["汋"] = {}, ["汍"] = {}, ["汎"] = {}, ["汏"] = {"duá"}, ["汐"] = {"si̍h"}, ["汒"] = {}, ["汔"] = {}, ["汕"] = {"sua̍ⁿ"}, ["汗"] = {"guāⁿ", "hāng"}, ["汙"] = {}, ["汛"] = {"si̍ng"}, ["汜"] = {}, ["汝"] = {"dṳ̂", "cṳ̂"}, ["汞"] = {"go̤̍ng"}, ["江"] = {"gang", "go̤ng"}, ["池"] = {"dí"}, ["污"] = {"u̍", "o̍"}, ["汦"] = {}, ["汧"] = {}, ["汨"] = {"bi̍h"}, ["汩"] = {}, ["汪"] = {"o̤ng"}, ["汫"] = {}, ["汭"] = {}, ["汯"] = {}, ["汰"] = {}, ["汱"] = {}, ["汲"] = {"kih"}, ["汳"] = {}, ["汴"] = {"bēng"}, ["汶"] = {}, ["汸"] = {}, ["決"] = {"ge̤h"}, ["汽"] = {"ki̍"}, ["汾"] = {}, ["沁"] = {"sīng"}, ["沂"] = {}, ["沃"] = {"o̤h", "ah"}, ["沄"] = {}, ["沅"] = {}, ["沆"] = {}, ["沇"] = {}, ["沈"] = {"sîng"}, ["沉"] = {"tiáng", "tia̍ng", "díng", "téng", "diáng"}, ["沋"] = {}, ["沌"] = {"deōng"}, ["沍"] = {}, ["沏"] = {}, ["沐"] = {"bo̤̍h"}, ["沒"] = {"beo̍h"}, ["沓"] = {"da̍h", "ta̍h", "tō̤", "to̤̍h*"}, ["沔"] = {}, ["沕"] = {"bī"}, ["沖"] = {"che̤ng"}, ["沘"] = {}, ["沙"] = {"sa", "sua"}, ["沚"] = {}, ["沛"] = {"po̍i"}, ["沜"] = {}, ["沫"] = {}, ["沬"] = {}, ["沭"] = {}, ["沮"] = {}, ["沱"] = {}, ["河"] = {"heó", "eo̍h*", "hó̤", "huá", "uá"}, ["沴"] = {}, ["沶"] = {}, ["沷"] = {}, ["沸"] = {"bi̍", "bu̍i"}, ["油"] = {"iú"}, ["沺"] = {}, ["治"] = {"dī", "tái"}, ["沼"] = {"câ̤u"}, ["沽"] = {"go"}, ["沾"] = {}, ["沿"] = {"é̤ng"}, ["況"] = {"ho̤̍ng"}, ["泂"] = {}, ["泃"] = {}, ["泄"] = {"sia̍"}, ["泅"] = {"siú"}, ["泆"] = {}, ["泉"] = {"sió̤ⁿ", "sé̤ng"}, ["泊"] = {"peh"}, ["泌"] = {}, ["泐"] = {}, ["泒"] = {}, ["泓"] = {"héng"}, ["泔"] = {"gang"}, ["法"] = {"hah"}, ["泖"] = {"bâu"}, ["泗"] = {"seo̍"}, ["泙"] = {}, ["泛"] = {"ha̍ng", "po̤̍ⁿ"}, ["泜"] = {}, ["泝"] = {}, ["泠"] = {}, ["泡"] = {"pau", "pa̍u", "pō̤"}, ["波"] = {"bo̤"}, ["泣"] = {"kih"}, ["泥"] = {"ná̤", "ní"}, ["泧"] = {}, ["注"] = {"cṳ̄", "co̍", "cṳ̍"}, ["泫"] = {"hē̤ng"}, ["泬"] = {}, ["泭"] = {}, ["泮"] = {}, ["泯"] = {"mîng"}, ["泰"] = {"ta̍i"}, ["泱"] = {"a̤uⁿ", "io̤ng"}, ["泲"] = {}, ["泳"] = {"ṳ̄ng"}, ["㳘"] = {"chē̤ng"}, ["泚"] = {}, ["洀"] = {}, ["洄"] = {}, ["洊"] = {}, ["洋"] = {"á̤uⁿ", "ió̤ng"}, ["洌"] = {"le̍h"}, ["洎"] = {}, ["洏"] = {"cí"}, ["洑"] = {}, ["洒"] = {}, ["洗"] = {"sâ̤", "sêng"}, ["洘"] = {"keô"}, ["洙"] = {"tṳ"}, ["洚"] = {}, ["洛"] = {"lo̤̍h"}, ["洞"] = {"dō̤ng", "dāng"}, ["洟"] = {}, ["津"] = {"cing"}, ["洧"] = {}, ["洨"] = {}, ["洩"] = {}, ["洪"] = {"áng", "hó̤ng"}, ["洫"] = {"hṳ̍h", "he̤h"}, ["洭"] = {}, ["洮"] = {}, ["洱"] = {"cî"}, ["洲"] = {"ciu"}, ["洳"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["洴"] = {"bíng"}, ["洵"] = {"seóng", "seong"}, ["洶"] = {"he̤ng"}, ["洸"] = {"go̤ng"}, ["洹"] = {}, ["洺"] = {"míng"}, ["活"] = {"ua̍h", "ua̍h*"}, ["洼"] = {}, ["洽"] = {}, ["派"] = {"pa̍i", "pua̍"}, ["洿"] = {}, ["流"] = {"láu", "liú"}, ["洍"] = {}, ["浘"] = {}, ["浙"] = {"ceh"}, ["浚"] = {}, ["浞"] = {}, ["浟"] = {}, ["浠"] = {}, ["浡"] = {}, ["浢"] = {}, ["浣"] = {}, ["浤"] = {}, ["浥"] = {}, ["浦"] = {"pô"}, ["浧"] = {}, ["浩"] = {"hō̤"}, ["浪"] = {"lō̤ng", "ln̄g"}, ["浬"] = {"lî"}, ["浭"] = {}, ["浮"] = {"pú", "pó", "há̤u"}, ["浯"] = {}, ["浰"] = {"lī"}, ["浴"] = {"lo̤̍h", "e̤̍h"}, ["浶"] = {}, ["海"] = {"hâi"}, ["浸"] = {"ci̍ng"}, ["浹"] = {}, ["浺"] = {}, ["浼"] = {"bî"}, ["浿"] = {}, ["涂"] = {"tó"}, ["涅"] = {"niah"}, ["涆"] = {}, ["涇"] = {}, ["消"] = {"sa̤u"}, ["涉"] = {"sia̍h"}, ["涊"] = {}, ["涌"] = {"e̤̍ng"}, ["涍"] = {}, ["涎"] = {"éng"}, ["涑"] = {}, ["涒"] = {}, ["涓"] = {"ge̤ng"}, ["涔"] = {}, ["涕"] = {"ta̤̍"}, ["涗"] = {}, ["涘"] = {}, ["涪"] = {}, ["涫"] = {"gua̍ng"}, ["涬"] = {}, ["涮"] = {"sua̍ng"}, ["涯"] = {"gá", "gái"}, ["液"] = {"i̍h", "sa̤u̍h*", "sa̤u̍h"}, ["涳"] = {}, ["涴"] = {}, ["涵"] = {"háng", "áng"}, ["涷"] = {}, ["涸"] = {"heō"}, ["涼"] = {"ná̤u", "lió̤ng", "niá"}, ["涽"] = {}, ["涾"] = {}, ["涿"] = {}, ["淀"] = {}, ["淄"] = {"ceo"}, ["淅"] = {}, ["淆"] = {"háu", "há̤u"}, ["淇"] = {"gí"}, ["淈"] = {}, ["淊"] = {}, ["淋"] = {"láng", "líng"}, ["淌"] = {"tô̤ng"}, ["淑"] = {"se̤h"}, ["淒"] = {"cha̤"}, ["淔"] = {}, ["淖"] = {}, ["淘"] = {"dó̤"}, ["淙"] = {"cháng"}, ["淚"] = {"lūi"}, ["淛"] = {}, ["淜"] = {"béng", "píng"}, ["淝"] = {}, ["淞"] = {}, ["淟"] = {}, ["淠"] = {}, ["淡"] = {"dāng"}, ["淢"] = {}, ["淤"] = {"ṳ"}, ["淥"] = {}, ["淦"] = {"ga̍ng"}, ["淨"] = {"sāⁿ", "cīng", "ciō̤ⁿ"}, ["淩"] = {}, ["淪"] = {"leóng"}, ["淫"] = {"íng"}, ["淬"] = {}, ["淭"] = {}, ["淮"] = {"hói"}, ["淯"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["淰"] = {}, ["深"] = {"ching"}, ["淳"] = {"seóng"}, ["淴"] = {"heoh"}, ["淵"] = {"e̤ng"}, ["淶"] = {}, ["混"] = {"heōng"}, ["淹"] = {"ing", "iang"}, ["淺"] = {"chêng"}, ["添"] = {"ting", "tiang"}, ["淼"] = {"bâ̤u"}, ["渀"] = {}, ["清"] = {"ching", "chaⁿ", "chiaⁿ"}, ["渚"] = {}, ["湴"] = {}, ["渃"] = {"cio̤̍h"}, ["渙"] = {"hua̍ng"}, ["減"] = {"giâng"}, ["渜"] = {}, ["渝"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["渟"] = {}, ["渠"] = {"gṳ́"}, ["渡"] = {"dō"}, ["渢"] = {}, ["渣"] = {"ca", "co̤"}, ["渤"] = {"bo̤̍h"}, ["渥"] = {"o̤h"}, ["渦"] = {}, ["渨"] = {}, ["渫"] = {}, ["測"] = {"cheh"}, ["渭"] = {"ūi"}, ["渮"] = {}, ["港"] = {"gâng"}, ["渰"] = {}, ["渱"] = {}, ["渲"] = {"se̤ng"}, ["渳"] = {}, ["渴"] = {"kah", "keh"}, ["游"] = {"iú"}, ["渹"] = {}, ["渺"] = {"bâ̤u"}, ["渻"] = {}, ["渼"] = {"bî"}, ["渽"] = {}, ["渾"] = {"heóng"}, ["渿"] = {}, ["湀"] = {}, ["湁"] = {}, ["湃"] = {"pa̍i", "ba̍i"}, ["湄"] = {"bí"}, ["湅"] = {}, ["湆"] = {}, ["湇"] = {}, ["湉"] = {}, ["湊"] = {"cha̍u"}, ["湋"] = {}, ["湍"] = {"tuang"}, ["湎"] = {"mēng"}, ["湑"] = {}, ["湓"] = {"peo̍ng"}, ["湔"] = {}, ["湖"] = {"hó", "ó"}, ["湘"] = {"sio̤ng"}, ["湛"] = {"diāng", "dang", "dâng"}, ["湜"] = {"si̍h"}, ["湝"] = {}, ["湞"] = {}, ["湟"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["湠"] = {}, ["湡"] = {}, ["湢"] = {}, ["湣"] = {}, ["湧"] = {}, ["湨"] = {}, ["湩"] = {"do̤̍ng"}, ["湫"] = {"chiū"}, ["湮"] = {"ing"}, ["湯"] = {"tng", "to̤ng"}, ["湱"] = {}, ["湲"] = {}, ["湳"] = {}, ["溈"] = {}, ["溉"] = {"ka̍i"}, ["滋"] = {"ceo"}, ["𣹇"] = {"keo̍"}, ["㴷"] = {"dáng"}, ["溏"] = {}, ["源"] = {"ngé̤ng"}, ["溓"] = {}, ["溔"] = {}, ["準"] = {"ceông"}, ["溘"] = {"kah"}, ["溛"] = {}, ["溜"] = {"liu"}, ["溝"] = {"gau", "ga̤u"}, ["溞"] = {}, ["溟"] = {"míng"}, ["溠"] = {"ca̍"}, ["溡"] = {"chí"}, ["溢"] = {"i̍h"}, ["溥"] = {"pô"}, ["溦"] = {}, ["溧"] = {}, ["溪"] = {"ka̤"}, ["溫"] = {"eong"}, ["溯"] = {"so̍"}, ["溰"] = {}, ["溱"] = {}, ["溲"] = {"sâ̤u"}, ["溴"] = {"chiu̍"}, ["溶"] = {"á̤uⁿ", "é̤ng"}, ["溷"] = {}, ["溹"] = {"sā"}, ["溺"] = {"de̍h", "dā̤u"}, ["溼"] = {"sih"}, ["溽"] = {"co̤̍h"}, ["溾"] = {}, ["滀"] = {}, ["滁"] = {}, ["滂"] = {"bó̤ng"}, ["滃"] = {}, ["滄"] = {"chng"}, ["滅"] = {"ma̍ih*", "be̍h", "mái"}, ["滆"] = {}, ["滇"] = {"déng", "dīng", "Deng"}, ["滈"] = {}, ["滉"] = {}, ["滍"] = {}, ["滎"] = {"íng", "híng"}, ["滏"] = {}, ["滑"] = {"geo̍h", "gua̍h"}, ["滒"] = {}, ["滓"] = {"câi", "dâi"}, ["滔"] = {"to̤"}, ["滕"] = {}, ["滖"] = {}, ["滗"] = {"bi̍h"}, ["滜"] = {}, ["漓"] = {"lí"}, ["滌"] = {"de̍h"}, ["滫"] = {"siu"}, ["滬"] = {"hō"}, ["滭"] = {}, ["滮"] = {}, ["滯"] = {"da̤̍"}, ["滱"] = {}, ["滲"] = {"chang"}, ["滴"] = {"deh"}, ["滵"] = {}, ["滷"] = {"lô", "lō"}, ["滸"] = {"hô", "hṳ̂"}, ["滹"] = {"ho"}, ["滻"] = {}, ["滾"] = {"geông"}, ["滿"] = {"muâ", "muâng"}, ["漀"] = {"kíng"}, ["漁"] = {"gṳ́", "hṳ́"}, ["漂"] = {"pa̤u", "pâ̤u", "pa̤̍u"}, ["漃"] = {}, ["漅"] = {}, ["漆"] = {"cheh"}, ["漇"] = {}, ["漈"] = {"cio̤̍"}, ["漉"] = {"lo̤h"}, ["漊"] = {}, ["漎"] = {}, ["漏"] = {"lāu", "lā̤u"}, ["漒"] = {}, ["演"] = {"êng"}, ["漕"] = {"có̤"}, ["漖"] = {"go̤̍"}, ["漘"] = {}, ["漙"] = {}, ["漚"] = {"gāu"}, ["漠"] = {"bó", "bo̤̍h"}, ["漢"] = {"ha̍ng"}, ["漣"] = {"léng"}, ["漥"] = {}, ["漦"] = {}, ["漧"] = {}, ["漩"] = {"sé̤ng"}, ["漪"] = {"i"}, ["漫"] = {"māng", "muā"}, ["漬"] = {}, ["漭"] = {"mô̤ng"}, ["漮"] = {}, ["漯"] = {}, ["漰"] = {}, ["漱"] = {"sū", "su̍i"}, ["漲"] = {"dn̂g", "dio̤̍ng"}, ["漳"] = {"cio̤ng"}, ["漵"] = {"sṳ̄"}, ["漶"] = {"huāng"}, ["漷"] = {}, ["漸"] = {"ciāng", "cēng"}, ["漻"] = {}, ["漼"] = {}, ["漾"] = {}, ["漿"] = {"ca̤uⁿ", "cio̤ng"}, ["潀"] = {}, ["潁"] = {}, ["潃"] = {}, ["潎"] = {}, ["潏"] = {"ṳ̍h"}, ["潐"] = {}, ["潑"] = {"puah", "puā"}, ["潒"] = {}, ["潔"] = {"gā̤", "geh"}, ["潕"] = {}, ["潗"] = {}, ["潘"] = {"peong", "puaⁿ", "puang"}, ["潚"] = {}, ["潛"] = {"ciáng"}, ["潝"] = {}, ["潞"] = {"lō"}, ["潟"] = {"sih", "sīh"}, ["潠"] = {}, ["潢"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["潤"] = {"ceōng", "neo̍ng"}, ["潦"] = {"lā̤u"}, ["潨"] = {"ché̤ng"}, ["潬"] = {}, ["潭"] = {"táng"}, ["潮"] = {"dá̤u"}, ["潯"] = {"chíng", "síng"}, ["潰"] = {"ku̍i"}, ["潲"] = {"sá̤u", "sa̍u"}, ["潳"] = {}, ["潶"] = {}, ["潸"] = {"sang"}, ["潺"] = {"cháng"}, ["潼"] = {"dó̤ng"}, ["潽"] = {"pū"}, ["潾"] = {}, ["澂"] = {}, ["澄"] = {"dáⁿ", "díng", "déng"}, ["澅"] = {}, ["澆"] = {"ca̤u", "ga̤u"}, ["澇"] = {"lo̤̍"}, ["澈"] = {"tā"}, ["澉"] = {}, ["澌"] = {}, ["澍"] = {"chṳ̄"}, ["澎"] = {"páⁿ", "péng"}, ["澒"] = {}, ["澓"] = {}, ["澔"] = {}, ["澖"] = {}, ["澗"] = {"ga̍ng"}, ["㵟"] = {"bui"}, ["澞"] = {}, ["澠"] = {}, ["澡"] = {}, ["澣"] = {}, ["澤"] = {"ce̍h"}, ["澥"] = {}, ["澦"] = {"ṳ̄"}, ["澧"] = {"lî"}, ["澨"] = {"sā̤"}, ["澩"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["澭"] = {}, ["澮"] = {}, ["澱"] = {"dēng"}, ["澳"] = {"o̤̍", "eo̍"}, ["澴"] = {"huáng"}, ["澶"] = {}, ["澹"] = {"dáng"}, ["澼"] = {}, ["澽"] = {}, ["激"] = {"kih"}, ["濁"] = {"co̤̍h"}, ["濂"] = {"liáng"}, ["濃"] = {"né̤ng"}, ["濄"] = {}, ["濆"] = {}, ["濇"] = {}, ["濈"] = {}, ["濊"] = {}, ["濋"] = {}, ["濌"] = {}, ["濎"] = {}, ["澀"] = {"seh", "siah"}, ["濔"] = {}, ["濕"] = {"sih"}, ["濘"] = {"ne̍ng"}, ["濛"] = {}, ["濜"] = {}, ["濞"] = {"bi̍"}, ["濟"] = {"ca̤̍", "sā̤"}, ["濠"] = {"hó̤"}, ["濡"] = {"sṳ"}, ["濣"] = {}, ["濤"] = {"dó̤"}, ["濦"] = {}, ["濧"] = {}, ["濩"] = {}, ["濫"] = {"lāng"}, ["濬"] = {}, ["濭"] = {}, ["濮"] = {"po̤h"}, ["濯"] = {"do̤̍h"}, ["濰"] = {}, ["濱"] = {"bing"}, ["濴"] = {}, ["㵾"] = {"chi̍ng"}, ["濺"] = {}, ["濻"] = {}, ["濼"] = {}, ["濾"] = {"lṳ̄"}, ["濿"] = {}, ["瀀"] = {}, ["瀁"] = {}, ["瀄"] = {}, ["瀅"] = {"ṳ́ng"}, ["瀆"] = {"do̤̍h"}, ["瀇"] = {}, ["瀉"] = {"sia̍"}, ["瀋"] = {"sîng"}, ["瀌"] = {}, ["瀍"] = {}, ["瀎"] = {}, ["瀏"] = {"láu", "liú"}, ["瀑"] = {"pō̤", "po̤h"}, ["瀔"] = {}, ["瀕"] = {}, ["瀖"] = {}, ["瀘"] = {}, ["瀙"] = {}, ["瀚"] = {"hāng"}, ["瀛"] = {"íng"}, ["瀝"] = {"le̍h"}, ["瀟"] = {"sa̤u"}, ["瀠"] = {}, ["瀡"] = {}, ["瀢"] = {}, ["瀣"] = {}, ["瀦"] = {}, ["瀧"] = {"so̤ng", "ló̤ng"}, ["瀨"] = {"lāi"}, ["瀩"] = {}, ["瀫"] = {}, ["瀯"] = {}, ["瀰"] = {}, ["瀱"] = {}, ["瀲"] = {}, ["瀳"] = {"cheōng"}, ["瀴"] = {}, ["瀵"] = {}, ["瀷"] = {}, ["瀸"] = {}, ["瀹"] = {"io̤̍h"}, ["瀺"] = {}, ["瀼"] = {}, ["瀾"] = {"láng", "nuâ"}, ["瀿"] = {}, ["灂"] = {}, ["灃"] = {}, ["灄"] = {}, ["灈"] = {}, ["灉"] = {}, ["灊"] = {}, ["灋"] = {"hah"}, ["灌"] = {"gua̍ng"}, ["灑"] = {"suâ", "sâ", "suā"}, ["灕"] = {"lí"}, ["灖"] = {}, ["灗"] = {}, ["灘"] = {"tuaⁿ", "tang"}, ["灛"] = {}, ["灝"] = {"hō̤"}, ["灞"] = {}, ["灟"] = {}, ["灡"] = {}, ["灣"] = {"ó̤ng", "uáng"}, ["灤"] = {"luáng"}, ["灨"] = {}, ["灩"] = {}, ["灪"] = {}, ["火"] = {"hôi", "hô̤"}, ["灰"] = {"hu", "hoi"}, ["灶"] = {"ca̍u", "co̤̍"}, ["灸"] = {"giu̍", "gu̍"}, ["灼"] = {"sio̤h"}, ["災"] = {"cai", "ce̤"}, ["炅"] = {}, ["炊"] = {"choi"}, ["炎"] = {"iāng", "iáng"}, ["炒"] = {"chô̤"}, ["炔"] = {"ge̤h"}, ["炕"] = {"ko̤̍ng"}, ["炘"] = {"hṳng"}, ["炙"] = {}, ["炜"] = {"ûi"}, ["𤆬"] = {"chio̤̍"}, ["炟"] = {}, ["炤"] = {}, ["炫"] = {"hē̤ng"}, ["炬"] = {"gṳ̄"}, ["炭"] = {"tua̍ⁿ", "ta̍ng"}, ["炮"] = {"pa̍u"}, ["炯"] = {"gṳ̍ng"}, ["炰"] = {"bú"}, ["炱"] = {}, ["炳"] = {"bîng"}, ["炷"] = {"cṳ̄"}, ["炸"] = {"ca̍"}, ["為"] = {"úi", "ūi"}, ["炾"] = {}, ["烀"] = {"ho"}, ["烈"] = {"le̍h"}, ["烊"] = {"á̤uⁿ"}, ["烋"] = {}, ["烌"] = {"hu"}, ["烏"] = {"o"}, ["烑"] = {}, ["烓"] = {}, ["烘"] = {"hang", "ho̤ng"}, ["烙"] = {"lo̤̍h"}, ["烜"] = {"hê̤ng"}, ["烝"] = {}, ["烤"] = {"ko̤̍"}, ["烯"] = {}, ["烰"] = {"pú"}, ["烴"] = {"ting"}, ["烷"] = {"uâng"}, ["烹"] = {}, ["烺"] = {}, ["烻"] = {}, ["烽"] = {}, ["焄"] = {}, ["焉"] = {"eng"}, ["焊"] = {"hāng"}, ["焌"] = {}, ["焍"] = {}, ["焗"] = {"ge̤̍h"}, ["𤉙"] = {"geóng"}, ["焙"] = {"bōi"}, ["焚"] = {"heóng"}, ["焜"] = {"keong"}, ["焞"] = {}, ["焠"] = {}, ["無"] = {"bú", "beó"}, ["焣"] = {}, ["焦"] = {"do̤", "ca̤u"}, ["焮"] = {}, ["焯"] = {}, ["焰"] = {"iāng"}, ["焱"] = {"iāng"}, ["然"] = {"céng"}, ["煮"] = {"cṳ̂"}, ["煁"] = {"síng"}, ["煆"] = {}, ["煇"] = {"geóng"}, ["煉"] = {"lē̤ng"}, ["煊"] = {"se̤ng"}, ["煌"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["煎"] = {"ceng", "ciang", "cio̤ⁿ"}, ["煑"] = {"cṳ̂"}, ["煒"] = {}, ["煔"] = {}, ["煖"] = {}, ["煙"] = {"eng", "heong"}, ["煜"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["煝"] = {}, ["煞"] = {"suā", "sah"}, ["煠"] = {"so̤̍h*", "so̤̍h"}, ["煢"] = {}, ["煣"] = {}, ["煤"] = {"bói"}, ["煥"] = {"hua̍ng"}, ["煦"] = {"ṳ̍"}, ["照"] = {"ca̤̍u"}, ["煨"] = {}, ["煩"] = {"huáng"}, ["煬"] = {"ió̤ng"}, ["煲"] = {"bô̤"}, ["煽"] = {"sa̍ng", "se̍ng"}, ["熀"] = {"hô̤ng"}, ["熂"] = {}, ["熄"] = {"sih"}, ["熅"] = {}, ["熇"] = {"hô̤"}, ["熉"] = {}, ["熊"] = {"hé̤ng"}, ["熏"] = {"heong"}, ["熐"] = {}, ["熒"] = {"íng", "ṳ́ng"}, ["熔"] = {"á̤uⁿ"}, ["熗"] = {"chah", "chio̤̍ng"}, ["熘"] = {"liu", "liū"}, ["熙"] = {"hi"}, ["蒸"] = {"cing"}, ["熚"] = {}, ["熛"] = {}, ["熜"] = {"cho̤ng"}, ["熟"] = {"se̤̍h"}, ["熠"] = {"si̍h"}, ["熨"] = {"eoh"}, ["熬"] = {"geó"}, ["熯"] = {}, ["熰"] = {"gāu"}, ["熱"] = {"ce̍h"}, ["熲"] = {}, ["熳"] = {"māng"}, ["熸"] = {}, ["熹"] = {"hi"}, ["熻"] = {"hih"}, ["熾"] = {"chi̍"}, ["熿"] = {}, ["燀"] = {}, ["燁"] = {}, ["燂"] = {}, ["燃"] = {"céng", "nió̤"}, ["燄"] = {}, ["燅"] = {}, ["燈"] = {"deng"}, ["燉"] = {"deōng"}, ["燊"] = {}, ["燋"] = {}, ["燎"] = {}, ["燏"] = {"ṳ̍h"}, ["燐"] = {}, ["燒"] = {"sa̤u"}, ["燔"] = {}, ["燕"] = {"e̍ng"}, ["燖"] = {"dīng"}, ["燙"] = {"teoh", "to̤̍ng"}, ["燜"] = {"meōng"}, ["營"] = {"ió̤ⁿ", "ṳ́ng"}, ["燠"] = {"e̤h"}, ["燡"] = {}, ["燥"] = {"so̤̍"}, ["燦"] = {"cha̍ng"}, ["燧"] = {"sūi"}, ["燬"] = {}, ["燭"] = {"co̤h"}, ["燮"] = {}, ["燴"] = {}, ["燹"] = {}, ["燻"] = {}, ["燼"] = {"cīng"}, ["燾"] = {"dó̤"}, ["燿"] = {}, ["爁"] = {"no̤̍"}, ["爂"] = {}, ["爆"] = {"bō̤"}, ["爇"] = {"ce̍h"}, ["爊"] = {}, ["爌"] = {}, ["爍"] = {}, ["爐"] = {"ló"}, ["爓"] = {}, ["爚"] = {}, ["爛"] = {"nuā", "lāng"}, ["爝"] = {}, ["爞"] = {}, ["爟"] = {"gua̍ng"}, ["爢"] = {}, ["爣"] = {}, ["爦"] = {"no̤̍"}, ["爨"] = {"chua̍ng"}, ["爪"] = {"câ̤u"}, ["爬"] = {"bā", "bó̤", "bá"}, ["爭"] = {"caⁿ", "ceng"}, ["爰"] = {"é̤ng"}, ["爲"] = {"úi", "ūi"}, ["爵"] = {"cio̤h"}, ["父"] = {"hū"}, ["爸"] = {"bō̤", "bā"}, ["爹"] = {"dia", "da̤"}, ["爺"] = {"iâ", "iá"}, ["爻"] = {"gáu"}, ["爽"] = {"sô̤ng"}, ["爾"] = {"cî", "ah"}, ["爿"] = {"bá̤ⁿ"}, ["牀"] = {"chńg"}, ["牁"] = {}, ["牂"] = {}, ["牄"] = {}, ["牆"] = {"chá̤uⁿ", "chió̤ng"}, ["片"] = {"pe̍ng"}, ["版"] = {"bâng"}, ["牉"] = {}, ["牋"] = {}, ["牌"] = {"bá̤", "bái"}, ["牏"] = {}, ["牐"] = {"ca̍h"}, ["牒"] = {"dia̍h"}, ["牓"] = {}, ["牖"] = {"iû"}, ["牘"] = {"do̤̍h"}, ["牙"] = {"gó̤", "gá"}, ["牚"] = {"ta̍ⁿ"}, ["牛"] = {"gú", "giú"}, ["牝"] = {"pi̍ng"}, ["牟"] = {"bá̤u"}, ["牠"] = {}, ["牡"] = {"bô"}, ["牢"] = {"leó", "ló̤"}, ["牣"] = {}, ["牤"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["牧"] = {"bo̤̍h"}, ["物"] = {"moi", "mo̍ih*", "beo̍h", "bo̤̍h", "mo̍ih"}, ["牬"] = {}, ["牯"] = {"gô"}, ["牰"] = {}, ["牲"] = {"saⁿ", "seng"}, ["牴"] = {}, ["牷"] = {}, ["牸"] = {}, ["特"] = {"de̍h"}, ["牻"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["牼"] = {}, ["牽"] = {"keng"}, ["牾"] = {}, ["牿"] = {}, ["犁"] = {"lá̤"}, ["犀"] = {"sa̤"}, ["犄"] = {}, ["犅"] = {}, ["犆"] = {}, ["犈"] = {}, ["犉"] = {}, ["犌"] = {}, ["犍"] = {}, ["犎"] = {}, ["犐"] = {}, ["犑"] = {}, ["犒"] = {"ko̤̍"}, ["犓"] = {}, ["犕"] = {}, ["犖"] = {}, ["犗"] = {}, ["犘"] = {}, ["犚"] = {}, ["犛"] = {}, ["犝"] = {}, ["犞"] = {}, ["犢"] = {"do̤̍h"}, ["犣"] = {}, ["犤"] = {}, ["犥"] = {}, ["犦"] = {}, ["犧"] = {"hi"}, ["犨"] = {"chiu"}, ["犩"] = {}, ["犪"] = {}, ["犬"] = {"kê̤ng"}, ["犮"] = {}, ["犯"] = {"hāng"}, ["犰"] = {"giú"}, ["犴"] = {}, ["犵"] = {}, ["犼"] = {"hâ̤u"}, ["犽"] = {}, ["犿"] = {}, ["狀"] = {"cō̤ng", "cn̄g", "cīng"}, ["狁"] = {"ṳ̂ng"}, ["狂"] = {"gó̤ng", "gńg"}, ["狃"] = {}, ["狄"] = {"de̍h"}, ["狆"] = {}, ["狉"] = {}, ["狊"] = {}, ["狋"] = {}, ["狌"] = {"sing"}, ["狎"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["狐"] = {"hó"}, ["狑"] = {}, ["狒"] = {}, ["狔"] = {}, ["狖"] = {}, ["狗"] = {"gâu", "gâ̤u"}, ["狘"] = {}, ["狙"] = {}, ["狚"] = {}, ["狜"] = {}, ["狟"] = {}, ["狠"] = {"hṳ̂ng", "hêng"}, ["狡"] = {"gâu"}, ["狣"] = {}, ["狤"] = {}, ["狦"] = {}, ["狨"] = {}, ["狩"] = {"siu̍"}, ["狪"] = {}, ["狫"] = {}, ["狳"] = {"ṳ́"}, ["狴"] = {}, ["狶"] = {}, ["狷"] = {}, ["狸"] = {"lí"}, ["狹"] = {"ga̤̍h*", "hia̍h*", "hia̍h"}, ["狺"] = {}, ["狻"] = {}, ["狼"] = {"ló̤ng"}, ["狽"] = {"bōi"}, ["狾"] = {}, ["狿"] = {}, ["猀"] = {}, ["猁"] = {"lī"}, ["猇"] = {}, ["猈"] = {}, ["猊"] = {}, ["猋"] = {}, ["猏"] = {}, ["猑"] = {}, ["猒"] = {}, ["猓"] = {}, ["猖"] = {"cha̤uⁿ", "chio̤ng"}, ["猗"] = {}, ["猘"] = {}, ["猙"] = {"ceng"}, ["猛"] = {"mêng"}, ["猜"] = {"chai"}, ["猝"] = {}, ["猞"] = {"sia̍"}, ["猢"] = {"hó"}, ["猣"] = {}, ["猥"] = {}, ["猦"] = {}, ["猧"] = {}, ["猩"] = {"sing"}, ["猭"] = {}, ["猰"] = {"eh"}, ["猱"] = {"náu"}, ["猲"] = {}, ["猳"] = {}, ["猴"] = {"gáu", "há̤u"}, ["猵"] = {}, ["猶"] = {"iú"}, ["猷"] = {"iú"}, ["猺"] = {}, ["猻"] = {"seong"}, ["猼"] = {}, ["猾"] = {"geo̍h"}, ["猿"] = {}, ["獀"] = {}, ["獂"] = {}, ["獃"] = {}, ["獅"] = {"sai", "seo"}, ["獊"] = {}, ["獄"] = {"ge̤̍h"}, ["獌"] = {}, ["獍"] = {}, ["獎"] = {"cio̤̍ng"}, ["獐"] = {"ga̤uⁿ", "cio̤ng"}, ["獑"] = {}, ["獒"] = {}, ["獗"] = {"ke̤h"}, ["獘"] = {}, ["獛"] = {}, ["獝"] = {}, ["獞"] = {}, ["獟"] = {}, ["獠"] = {}, ["獡"] = {}, ["獥"] = {}, ["獦"] = {}, ["獧"] = {}, ["獨"] = {"do̤̍h"}, ["獩"] = {}, ["獪"] = {"go̍i"}, ["獫"] = {"hiâng"}, ["獬"] = {"hāi"}, ["獮"] = {}, ["獯"] = {"heong"}, ["獰"] = {}, ["獲"] = {"he̍h"}, ["獳"] = {}, ["獴"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["獵"] = {"lo̤̍h*", "la̍h", "lia̍h"}, ["獶"] = {}, ["獷"] = {}, ["獸"] = {"siu̍"}, ["獺"] = {"tah", "tiō̤"}, ["獻"] = {"he̤̍ng"}, ["獼"] = {"bí"}, ["獽"] = {}, ["獾"] = {"huang"}, ["獿"] = {}, ["玀"] = {}, ["玁"] = {"hiâng"}, ["玂"] = {}, ["玃"] = {}, ["玄"] = {"hé̤ng"}, ["玅"] = {}, ["玆"] = {}, ["率"] = {"leo̍h", "seoh", "so̍i"}, ["玈"] = {}, ["王"] = {"ó̤ng"}, ["玉"] = {"ge̤̍h"}, ["玊"] = {}, ["玎"] = {}, ["玓"] = {}, ["玔"] = {}, ["玕"] = {}, ["玖"] = {"giû"}, ["玗"] = {}, ["玟"] = {}, ["玠"] = {}, ["玡"] = {}, ["玢"] = {}, ["玤"] = {}, ["玥"] = {"ge̤̍h"}, ["玦"] = {"ge̤h"}, ["玨"] = {}, ["玩"] = {"nguáng", "nguāng"}, ["玫"] = {"bói"}, ["玭"] = {}, ["玮"] = {"ûi"}, ["玲"] = {"léng"}, ["玳"] = {}, ["玷"] = {"dia̍ng"}, ["玻"] = {"bo̤"}, ["玼"] = {}, ["珀"] = {"peh"}, ["珂"] = {"ko̤"}, ["珅"] = {"sing"}, ["珈"] = {}, ["珉"] = {"míng"}, ["珊"] = {"sang"}, ["珌"] = {}, ["珍"] = {"ting"}, ["珏"] = {"kah"}, ["珓"] = {}, ["珖"] = {}, ["珙"] = {}, ["珞"] = {}, ["珠"] = {"co", "ciu", "cṳ"}, ["珣"] = {}, ["珥"] = {"cî"}, ["珧"] = {}, ["珩"] = {"héng"}, ["珪"] = {}, ["班"] = {"bang"}, ["珮"] = {}, ["琉"] = {"láu", "liú"}, ["珵"] = {}, ["珶"] = {}, ["珸"] = {}, ["珽"] = {}, ["現"] = {"hēng"}, ["琀"] = {}, ["琁"] = {}, ["球"] = {"giú"}, ["琄"] = {"ge̤ng"}, ["琅"] = {"ló̤ng"}, ["理"] = {"lî"}, ["琇"] = {"siu̍"}, ["琊"] = {}, ["琍"] = {}, ["琖"] = {}, ["琚"] = {}, ["琛"] = {"ting"}, ["琡"] = {}, ["琢"] = {"do̤h"}, ["琤"] = {"ceng"}, ["琥"] = {"hô"}, ["琦"] = {}, ["琨"] = {"keong"}, ["琪"] = {"gí"}, ["琫"] = {}, ["琬"] = {}, ["琭"] = {}, ["琮"] = {}, ["琯"] = {}, ["琰"] = {}, ["琱"] = {}, ["琳"] = {"líng"}, ["琴"] = {"gíng"}, ["琵"] = {"bí"}, ["琶"] = {"bó̤"}, ["琺"] = {"hah"}, ["琿"] = {}, ["瑀"] = {}, ["瑁"] = {}, ["瑄"] = {"se̤ng"}, ["瑊"] = {}, ["瑋"] = {}, ["瑑"] = {}, ["瑒"] = {}, ["瑕"] = {"há"}, ["瑗"] = {"é̤ng"}, ["瑙"] = {"nô̤"}, ["瑚"] = {"hó"}, ["瑛"] = {"ing"}, ["瑜"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["瑝"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["瑞"] = {"sūi"}, ["瑟"] = {"seh"}, ["瑢"] = {}, ["瑣"] = {"sô̤"}, ["瑤"] = {"á̤u"}, ["瑩"] = {"ṳ́ng"}, ["瑪"] = {"mâ"}, ["瑯"] = {}, ["瑰"] = {"gu̍i"}, ["瑱"] = {}, ["瑲"] = {}, ["瑳"] = {"cheo"}, ["瑵"] = {}, ["瑽"] = {}, ["瑾"] = {"gīng"}, ["瑿"] = {}, ["璀"] = {"chûi"}, ["璁"] = {"cho̤ng"}, ["璃"] = {"lí"}, ["璅"] = {}, ["璆"] = {"giú"}, ["璇"] = {"sé̤ng"}, ["璉"] = {}, ["璊"] = {}, ["璋"] = {"cio̤ng"}, ["璐"] = {"lō"}, ["璗"] = {"dō̤ng"}, ["璘"] = {}, ["璚"] = {}, ["璜"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["璞"] = {"po̤h"}, ["璟"] = {"gîng"}, ["璠"] = {}, ["璣"] = {}, ["璦"] = {}, ["璧"] = {"bih"}, ["璨"] = {"cha̍ng"}, ["璩"] = {}, ["璪"] = {}, ["璫"] = {}, ["環"] = {"kuáng", "ké̤ng", "huáng"}, ["璲"] = {}, ["璵"] = {}, ["璸"] = {}, ["璺"] = {}, ["璽"] = {"dâ̤"}, ["璿"] = {}, ["瓀"] = {"nuâng"}, ["瓁"] = {}, ["瓅"] = {"le̍h"}, ["瓊"] = {"kṳ́ng"}, ["瓋"] = {}, ["瓏"] = {}, ["瓔"] = {}, ["瓖"] = {}, ["瓘"] = {"gua̍ng"}, ["瓚"] = {}, ["瓛"] = {}, ["瓜"] = {"gua"}, ["瓝"] = {}, ["瓞"] = {}, ["瓟"] = {}, ["瓠"] = {}, ["瓡"] = {}, ["瓢"] = {"pá̤u"}, ["瓣"] = {"bāng"}, ["瓤"] = {"lńg", "ció̤ng"}, ["瓥"] = {}, ["瓦"] = {"uâ", "hiō̤"}, ["瓨"] = {}, ["瓩"] = {}, ["瓬"] = {}, ["瓮"] = {"a̍ng", "o̤̍ng"}, ["瓴"] = {}, ["瓵"] = {}, ["瓶"] = {"béng", "bíng"}, ["瓷"] = {"ceó", "húi"}, ["瓽"] = {}, ["瓾"] = {}, ["瓿"] = {}, ["甀"] = {}, ["㼵"] = {"dī"}, ["甂"] = {}, ["甃"] = {}, ["甄"] = {"cing"}, ["㼸"] = {"ce̤ng"}, ["甈"] = {}, ["甋"] = {}, ["甌"] = {"au", "a̤u"}, ["甍"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["㼿"] = {"ce̤̍ng"}, ["甐"] = {}, ["甑"] = {"che̍ng"}, ["甒"] = {}, ["甓"] = {"peh"}, ["甔"] = {}, ["甕"] = {"a̍ng", "o̤̍ng"}, ["甖"] = {}, ["甗"] = {}, ["甘"] = {"gang"}, ["甚"] = {"sīng", "seo̍h"}, ["甜"] = {"téng", "ding", "tiáng"}, ["甝"] = {}, ["生"] = {"saⁿ", "seng", "chaⁿ"}, ["甡"] = {}, ["產"] = {"sâng"}, ["甥"] = {"seng"}, ["甦"] = {"so"}, ["用"] = {"ē̤ng", "eōng"}, ["甩"] = {"sôi", "sôiⁿ"}, ["甪"] = {"lo̤̍h"}, ["甫"] = {"hû"}, ["甬"] = {"tâng", "ê̤ng"}, ["甭"] = {}, ["甮"] = {}, ["甯"] = {}, ["田"] = {"chéng", "déng"}, ["由"] = {"iú"}, ["甲"] = {"gah", "gā̤", "gō̤"}, ["申"] = {"sing"}, ["男"] = {"náng"}, ["甸"] = {"déng", "diāng", "dēng"}, ["甹"] = {}, ["町"] = {}, ["甽"] = {"ceo̍ng"}, ["甾"] = {}, ["甿"] = {}, ["畀"] = {}, ["畇"] = {}, ["畋"] = {}, ["界"] = {"ga̍i"}, ["畎"] = {}, ["畏"] = {"u̍i"}, ["畔"] = {}, ["留"] = {"láu", "liú"}, ["畚"] = {"beo̍ng"}, ["畛"] = {}, ["畜"] = {"he̤h"}, ["畝"] = {"bô"}, ["畟"] = {}, ["畢"] = {"bih"}, ["畣"] = {}, ["畤"] = {}, ["略"] = {"lio̤̍h"}, ["畦"] = {"gí"}, ["異"] = {"ī"}, ["番"] = {"huang", "puang"}, ["畫"] = {"uā"}, ["畬"] = {"sia"}, ["畯"] = {}, ["畲"] = {"siá"}, ["當"] = {"do̤ng", "do̤̍ng", "dng", "dn̍g"}, ["畷"] = {}, ["畸"] = {"kí"}, ["畹"] = {}, ["畽"] = {}, ["畿"] = {}, ["疀"] = {}, ["疆"] = {"gio̤ng"}, ["疇"] = {"diú"}, ["疈"] = {"biah"}, ["疊"] = {"tia̍h", "dia̍h", "da̤̍h*", "da̤̍h"}, ["疋"] = {}, ["疌"] = {}, ["疏"] = {"se̤"}, ["疐"] = {}, ["疑"] = {"gí"}, ["疔"] = {"deng"}, ["疕"] = {"pî"}, ["疙"] = {}, ["疚"] = {"giū"}, ["疝"] = {}, ["㽺"] = {"ki̍h"}, ["疢"] = {"cîng"}, ["疣"] = {"iú"}, ["疤"] = {"ba", "baⁿ"}, ["疥"] = {"ga̤̍", "ga̍i"}, ["疧"] = {}, ["疫"] = {"ṳ̍h"}, ["疰"] = {}, ["疱"] = {"pō̤"}, ["疲"] = {"pí"}, ["疳"] = {"gang"}, ["疵"] = {"cheô"}, ["疸"] = {"dâng"}, ["疹"] = {}, ["疻"] = {}, ["疼"] = {"tia̍ⁿ"}, ["疽"] = {}, ["疾"] = {"ci̍h"}, ["疿"] = {"bu̍i"}, ["痀"] = {"gau", "giu", "gu"}, ["痁"] = {}, ["痂"] = {}, ["痃"] = {"hé̤ng"}, ["痄"] = {"ca̍"}, ["病"] = {"bāⁿ", "bīng"}, ["症"] = {"ci̍ng"}, ["痈"] = {"e̤ng"}, ["痊"] = {"cé̤ng"}, ["痋"] = {}, ["痌"] = {}, ["痍"] = {}, ["痎"] = {}, ["痏"] = {}, ["痑"] = {}, ["痒"] = {}, ["痔"] = {"dī"}, ["痕"] = {"heóng", "héng"}, ["㾓"] = {"e̤ng"}, ["痗"] = {"bōi"}, ["痘"] = {}, ["痙"] = {"gi̍ng"}, ["痚"] = {}, ["痛"] = {"to̤̍ng"}, ["痝"] = {}, ["痞"] = {"pâi", "pî"}, ["痟"] = {"sâ̤u"}, ["痠"] = {"sê̤ⁿ", "se̤ⁿ", "suang"}, ["痡"] = {}, ["痢"] = {"lī"}, ["痣"] = {"ci̍", "gi̍"}, ["痤"] = {}, ["痦"] = {}, ["痧"] = {"so̤"}, ["痯"] = {}, ["痰"] = {"dáng"}, ["痱"] = {"bu̍i"}, ["痲"] = {}, ["痳"] = {}, ["痴"] = {"chi", "ti"}, ["痷"] = {}, ["痸"] = {}, ["痹"] = {"bi̍"}, ["痺"] = {"bi̍"}, ["痻"] = {}, ["痼"] = {}, ["痾"] = {}, ["痿"] = {}, ["瘀"] = {}, ["瘁"] = {"cūi"}, ["瘃"] = {}, ["㾪"] = {"sêng"}, ["瘈"] = {}, ["瘉"] = {}, ["瘊"] = {"há̤u"}, ["瘋"] = {"ho̤ng", "bang"}, ["瘌"] = {}, ["瘍"] = {}, ["瘏"] = {}, ["瘐"] = {}, ["瘑"] = {}, ["瘓"] = {}, ["瘕"] = {"ho̤"}, ["瘖"] = {"ing"}, ["瘟"] = {"eong"}, ["瘧"] = {"gio̤̍h"}, ["瘙"] = {}, ["瘜"] = {"sih"}, ["瘝"] = {}, ["瘞"] = {}, ["瘠"] = {}, ["瘡"] = {"chng", "cho̤ng"}, ["瘢"] = {}, ["瘣"] = {}, ["瘤"] = {"liú"}, ["瘥"] = {"cha"}, ["瘦"] = {"sêng", "sâ̤u"}, ["瘩"] = {"dah"}, ["瘭"] = {}, ["瘯"] = {}, ["瘱"] = {}, ["瘲"] = {}, ["瘳"] = {"tiu"}, ["瘴"] = {"cio̤̍ng", "ca̤̍uⁿ"}, ["瘵"] = {"ca̤̍", "cha̍i"}, ["瘸"] = {"kó"}, ["瘺"] = {}, ["瘼"] = {}, ["瘽"] = {}, ["療"] = {"lá̤u"}, ["癃"] = {}, ["癆"] = {"ló̤"}, ["癇"] = {}, ["癈"] = {}, ["癉"] = {}, ["癌"] = {"ngáng"}, ["癐"] = {}, ["癒"] = {"cṳ̂"}, ["癓"] = {}, ["癖"] = {"pia̍h*", "pih"}, ["癘"] = {}, ["癙"] = {}, ["癜"] = {}, ["癟"] = {}, ["癠"] = {}, ["癡"] = {"ti"}, ["癢"] = {"sā̤uⁿ", "iô̤ng"}, ["癤"] = {}, ["癥"] = {}, ["癧"] = {"lā̤"}, ["癩"] = {}, ["癪"] = {}, ["癬"] = {"sêng", "chiô̤ⁿ"}, ["癭"] = {}, ["癮"] = {"ngēng"}, ["癰"] = {}, ["癱"] = {"tang"}, ["癲"] = {"deng"}, ["癵"] = {}, ["癸"] = {"gûi"}, ["癹"] = {}, ["登"] = {"deng"}, ["發"] = {"hōi", "huah"}, ["白"] = {"ba̍h*", "ba̍h", "be̍h"}, ["百"] = {"bā", "beh"}, ["癿"] = {"ga"}, ["皁"] = {"cô̤"}, ["皂"] = {"có̤", "cô̤"}, ["的"] = {"deh", "geh", "eh"}, ["皆"] = {"gai"}, ["皇"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["皈"] = {"gui"}, ["皊"] = {}, ["皋"] = {"go̤"}, ["皎"] = {"gâ̤u"}, ["皏"] = {}, ["皓"] = {"hō̤"}, ["皕"] = {}, ["皖"] = {"uâng"}, ["皙"] = {"sih"}, ["皚"] = {"gái"}, ["皛"] = {}, ["皜"] = {}, ["皝"] = {}, ["皞"] = {}, ["皟"] = {"tā"}, ["皤"] = {"bo̤"}, ["皦"] = {}, ["皪"] = {"leh"}, ["皫"] = {"pâ̤u"}, ["皭"] = {}, ["皮"] = {"pí", "pói", "mói"}, ["皯"] = {}, ["皰"] = {}, ["皴"] = {}, ["皵"] = {}, ["皸"] = {}, ["皺"] = {"ca̤̍u", "nau", "ciu̍"}, ["皻"] = {}, ["皽"] = {}, ["皾"] = {}, ["皿"] = {"mîng"}, ["盂"] = {"ó"}, ["盃"] = {}, ["盄"] = {}, ["盅"] = {"ce̤ng"}, ["盆"] = {"peóng"}, ["盈"] = {"íng"}, ["盉"] = {}, ["益"] = {"iā", "ih"}, ["盍"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["盎"] = {}, ["盒"] = {"o̤̍h", "a̍h", "ha̍h"}, ["盓"] = {}, ["盔"] = {"koi"}, ["盛"] = {"sīng"}, ["盜"] = {"dō̤"}, ["盝"] = {}, ["盞"] = {"cuâⁿ", "cáng"}, ["盟"] = {"méng", "mó̤ng"}, ["盡"] = {"cīng"}, ["監"] = {"gang", "ga̍ng"}, ["盤"] = {"buáⁿ", "buáng", "pó̤ng"}, ["䀇"] = {"gô"}, ["盥"] = {"kuâng"}, ["盦"] = {}, ["盧"] = {"ló"}, ["盨"] = {"sṳ"}, ["盩"] = {}, ["盪"] = {}, ["𥂥"] = {"cáng"}, ["𥂫"] = {"cáng"}, ["盬"] = {"gô"}, ["盭"] = {}, ["目"] = {"ba̍h", "ma̍h", "bo̤̍h"}, ["盯"] = {"táⁿ", "de̍ng"}, ["盱"] = {"hṳ"}, ["盲"] = {"má", "mó̤ng"}, ["盳"] = {}, ["直"] = {"di̍h"}, ["盷"] = {}, ["相"] = {"sa̤uⁿ", "sio̤ng", "sa̤̍uⁿ", "sio̤̍ng"}, ["盹"] = {"deông"}, ["盻"] = {}, ["盼"] = {"pō̤ng"}, ["盾"] = {"deông"}, ["省"] = {"sêng", "sâⁿ", "sîng"}, ["眃"] = {}, ["眄"] = {"mēng"}, ["眅"] = {}, ["眇"] = {"bâ̤u"}, ["眈"] = {}, ["眉"] = {"bái", "bí"}, ["眊"] = {}, ["看"] = {"kua̍ⁿ", "ka̍ng"}, ["眏"] = {"n̍g"}, ["眐"] = {}, ["眑"] = {}, ["眒"] = {}, ["眓"] = {}, ["眕"] = {}, ["眙"] = {}, ["眚"] = {}, ["眛"] = {}, ["眝"] = {}, ["真"] = {"cing", "ceng"}, ["眠"] = {"míng", "méng"}, ["眢"] = {"e̤ng"}, ["眣"] = {}, ["眥"] = {}, ["眨"] = {"cah"}, ["眩"] = {"heóng", "hṳ́ng", "hē̤ng"}, ["眭"] = {}, ["眯"] = {}, ["眱"] = {}, ["眲"] = {}, ["眳"] = {}, ["眴"] = {}, ["眶"] = {"ko̤ng"}, ["眷"] = {"ge̤̍ng"}, ["眸"] = {}, ["眹"] = {}, ["眺"] = {"ta̤̍u"}, ["眼"] = {"ngâng", "ngâ̤"}, ["眽"] = {}, ["眾"] = {"ce̤̍ng"}, ["䀹"] = {"cah"}, ["着"] = {"da̤u̍h*", "dio̤h"}, ["睄"] = {"sa̍u"}, ["睅"] = {}, ["睆"] = {}, ["睇"] = {}, ["睊"] = {}, ["睋"] = {}, ["睌"] = {}, ["睍"] = {}, ["睎"] = {}, ["睏"] = {"keo̍ng"}, ["睒"] = {}, ["睔"] = {}, ["睕"] = {}, ["睖"] = {}, ["睚"] = {}, ["睛"] = {"cing"}, ["睜"] = {}, ["睞"] = {"lāi"}, ["睟"] = {}, ["睠"] = {}, ["睢"] = {}, ["督"] = {"do̤h"}, ["睥"] = {}, ["睦"] = {"bo̤̍h"}, ["睧"] = {}, ["睨"] = {}, ["睩"] = {}, ["睪"] = {}, ["睫"] = {"cia̍h"}, ["睬"] = {"châi"}, ["睭"] = {"ciu"}, ["睡"] = {"su̍i"}, ["睮"] = {}, ["睯"] = {}, ["睹"] = {"dô"}, ["睼"] = {}, ["睽"] = {}, ["睾"] = {"geo"}, ["睿"] = {"cōi"}, ["瞀"] = {"bū"}, ["瞁"] = {}, ["瞂"] = {}, ["瞄"] = {"bá̤u"}, ["瞅"] = {}, ["瞇"] = {}, ["瞉"] = {}, ["瞋"] = {}, ["瞌"] = {"kā̤"}, ["瞍"] = {}, ["瞎"] = {"hah", "ha̍h"}, ["瞏"] = {}, ["瞑"] = {"míng"}, ["𥉐"] = {"gá̤"}, ["䁪"] = {"câng"}, ["瞖"] = {"a̤̍"}, ["瞚"] = {}, ["瞛"] = {}, ["瞜"] = {}, ["瞝"] = {}, ["瞞"] = {"muá", "muáng"}, ["瞟"] = {"pâ̤u"}, ["瞠"] = {}, ["瞡"] = {"gi"}, ["瞢"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["瞥"] = {"peh"}, ["瞧"] = {}, ["瞪"] = {"táⁿ", "de̍ng"}, ["瞫"] = {}, ["瞬"] = {"deo̍ng", "seo̍ng"}, ["瞭"] = {"lâ̤u"}, ["瞰"] = {}, ["瞲"] = {}, ["瞳"] = {"dó̤ng"}, ["瞴"] = {}, ["瞵"] = {}, ["瞶"] = {}, ["瞷"] = {}, ["瞻"] = {"ciang"}, ["瞼"] = {}, ["瞽"] = {}, ["瞿"] = {"gṳ́"}, ["矂"] = {}, ["矇"] = {}, ["矉"] = {}, ["矊"] = {}, ["矌"] = {}, ["矍"] = {"gio̤h"}, ["矎"] = {}, ["矏"] = {}, ["矐"] = {}, ["矓"] = {}, ["矔"] = {}, ["𥍉"] = {"nī"}, ["矕"] = {}, ["矗"] = {"che̤h"}, ["矘"] = {}, ["矙"] = {}, ["矚"] = {"ce̤h"}, ["矛"] = {"báu"}, ["矜"] = {"guang", "king", "gíng"}, ["矞"] = {"ṳ̍h"}, ["矠"] = {}, ["矢"] = {"sî"}, ["矣"] = {"ī"}, ["知"] = {"di", "cai"}, ["矧"] = {"sîng"}, ["矩"] = {"gṳ̂"}, ["矬"] = {"cheo̍"}, ["短"] = {"dê̤", "duâng"}, ["矮"] = {"â̤"}, ["矯"] = {"gâ̤u"}, ["矰"] = {}, ["矱"] = {}, ["矲"] = {}, ["石"] = {"sa̤u̍h*", "sia̍h*", "si̍h", "ca̤u̍h*", "do̤̍", "sa̤u̍h"}, ["矸"] = {"gang"}, ["矹"] = {}, ["矺"] = {"dā"}, ["矻"] = {}, ["矼"] = {}, ["矽"] = {"si̍h"}, ["泵"] = {"bō̤ng"}, ["砂"] = {"sa"}, ["砅"] = {}, ["砆"] = {}, ["砉"] = {"he̍h"}, ["砌"] = {"cha̤̍", "gī"}, ["砍"] = {"kâng"}, ["砎"] = {}, ["砏"] = {}, ["砐"] = {}, ["砑"] = {"gā"}, ["砒"] = {"pi"}, ["研"] = {"ngâ̤", "ngá̤", "ngéng", "ngiáng", "ngia̍ng", "nge̍ng"}, ["砘"] = {"deōng"}, ["𥐵"] = {"peh"}, ["砝"] = {"hah"}, ["砟"] = {"ca̍"}, ["砠"] = {}, ["砢"] = {}, ["砣"] = {}, ["砥"] = {"dâ̤"}, ["砦"] = {"cāi"}, ["砧"] = {"diang"}, ["砨"] = {}, ["砬"] = {}, ["砭"] = {}, ["砮"] = {}, ["砯"] = {}, ["砰"] = {}, ["砲"] = {}, ["破"] = {"pua̍", "po̤̍"}, ["砵"] = {}, ["砷"] = {"sing"}, ["砸"] = {"cah"}, ["硃"] = {"co", "cho"}, ["硅"] = {"ga̤"}, ["硈"] = {}, ["硉"] = {}, ["硊"] = {}, ["硋"] = {"húi"}, ["硌"] = {}, ["硍"] = {"ngāng"}, ["硎"] = {"híng"}, ["硒"] = {"sa̤"}, ["硜"] = {}, ["硝"] = {"sa̤u"}, ["硞"] = {"ko̤̍h"}, ["硠"] = {}, ["硤"] = {}, ["硥"] = {}, ["硩"] = {"dā"}, ["硪"] = {}, ["硫"] = {"liú", "lá̤u"}, ["硬"] = {"ngā̤"}, ["硭"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["确"] = {}, ["硯"] = {"nge̍ng", "hi̍ng"}, ["硰"] = {}, ["硱"] = {}, ["硼"] = {"péng", "béng"}, ["碄"] = {}, ["碅"] = {}, ["碆"] = {}, ["碇"] = {}, ["碉"] = {"da̤u"}, ["碌"] = {"le̤̍h", "la̍h", "lo̤̍h"}, ["碎"] = {"chu̍i"}, ["碏"] = {}, ["碑"] = {"bi"}, ["碓"] = {"du̍i"}, ["碔"] = {}, ["碕"] = {}, ["碗"] = {"uâⁿ", "uâng"}, ["碘"] = {"dêng", "diâng"}, ["碚"] = {}, ["碰"] = {"pō̤ng"}, ["䃎"] = {"ca̍"}, ["硾"] = {}, ["碞"] = {}, ["碟"] = {"dia̍h", "di̍h*"}, ["碡"] = {"da̍h"}, ["碣"] = {}, ["碧"] = {"bih", "bi̍h"}, ["碨"] = {}, ["碩"] = {"si̍h"}, ["碪"] = {}, ["碫"] = {}, ["碭"] = {}, ["碲"] = {}, ["碳"] = {"ta̍ng"}, ["碴"] = {"ca"}, ["磁"] = {"ceó"}, ["確"] = {"kah"}, ["碻"] = {}, ["碼"] = {"mâ", "bô̤"}, ["碾"] = {"têng", "niô̤"}, ["磃"] = {}, ["磅"] = {"bō̤ng"}, ["磈"] = {}, ["磉"] = {"sô̤ng"}, ["磊"] = {"lûi"}, ["磋"] = {"cheo"}, ["磌"] = {}, ["磍"] = {}, ["磎"] = {}, ["磏"] = {}, ["磐"] = {"buáng", "buáⁿ"}, ["磑"] = {}, ["磔"] = {}, ["磕"] = {"ka̍h", "ko̤̍h"}, ["磚"] = {"coiⁿ", "ce̤ng"}, ["磛"] = {}, ["磝"] = {}, ["磞"] = {}, ["磟"] = {"la̍h"}, ["磣"] = {"châng"}, ["磥"] = {}, ["磧"] = {}, ["磨"] = {"buá", "beō", "mó̤", "mō̤"}, ["磩"] = {}, ["磪"] = {}, ["磬"] = {"ke̍ng", "ki̍ng"}, ["磯"] = {"gi"}, ["磳"] = {}, ["磴"] = {}, ["磷"] = {"líng"}, ["磸"] = {"de̍ng"}, ["磺"] = {"ńg", "hó̤ng"}, ["磻"] = {}, ["磼"] = {}, ["磽"] = {}, ["磿"] = {}, ["礁"] = {"do̤", "ca̤u"}, ["礂"] = {}, ["礃"] = {"ciô̤ng", "dio̤ng"}, ["礅"] = {"deong"}, ["礉"] = {}, ["礌"] = {}, ["礎"] = {"chê̤"}, ["礐"] = {}, ["礓"] = {}, ["礔"] = {}, ["礙"] = {"ngāi"}, ["礛"] = {}, ["礜"] = {}, ["礝"] = {}, ["礞"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["礣"] = {}, ["礤"] = {"chuā"}, ["礥"] = {}, ["礦"] = {"ko̤̍ng"}, ["礧"] = {}, ["礨"] = {}, ["礪"] = {"lā̤"}, ["礫"] = {"leh"}, ["礬"] = {"huáng"}, ["礭"] = {}, ["礱"] = {"láng", "ló̤ng"}, ["礴"] = {}, ["礵"] = {}, ["示"] = {"sī"}, ["礽"] = {}, ["社"] = {"siā"}, ["礿"] = {}, ["祀"] = {"seō", "sāi"}, ["祁"] = {"gí"}, ["祂"] = {}, ["祅"] = {}, ["祆"] = {"seng"}, ["祇"] = {}, ["祈"] = {"gí"}, ["祉"] = {"cî"}, ["祊"] = {}, ["祋"] = {}, ["祌"] = {}, ["祏"] = {}, ["祐"] = {"iū"}, ["祑"] = {}, ["祒"] = {}, ["祓"] = {}, ["祔"] = {}, ["祕"] = {"bi̍"}, ["祖"] = {"cô"}, ["祗"] = {}, ["祚"] = {"cō"}, ["祛"] = {}, ["祜"] = {"hō"}, ["祝"] = {"ce̤h"}, ["神"] = {"síng"}, ["祟"] = {"su̍i"}, ["祠"] = {"séo", "seó"}, ["祡"] = {}, ["祣"] = {}, ["祤"] = {}, ["祥"] = {"sió̤ng"}, ["祧"] = {}, ["票"] = {"pa̤̍u"}, ["祩"] = {}, ["祪"] = {}, ["祫"] = {}, ["祭"] = {"ca̤̍"}, ["祲"] = {}, ["祳"] = {}, ["祴"] = {}, ["視"] = {"sī"}, ["祺"] = {"gí"}, ["祼"] = {"gua̍ng"}, ["祿"] = {"lo̤h", "lo̤̍h"}, ["禁"] = {"gi̍ng"}, ["禂"] = {}, ["禊"] = {}, ["禋"] = {}, ["禍"] = {"hō̤"}, ["禎"] = {"ding"}, ["福"] = {"ho̤h", "bō̤"}, ["禓"] = {}, ["禔"] = {}, ["禕"] = {}, ["禖"] = {}, ["禗"] = {}, ["禘"] = {}, ["禚"] = {}, ["禜"] = {}, ["禠"] = {}, ["禡"] = {}, ["禤"] = {"se̤ng"}, ["禦"] = {"gṳ̂", "gṳ̄"}, ["禧"] = {"hi", "hio̤"}, ["禨"] = {}, ["禪"] = {"séng", "sēng"}, ["禫"] = {}, ["禬"] = {}, ["禭"] = {}, ["禮"] = {"lâ̤"}, ["禰"] = {}, ["禱"] = {"dô̤"}, ["禳"] = {}, ["禴"] = {}, ["禷"] = {}, ["禸"] = {}, ["禹"] = {"ṳ̂"}, ["禺"] = {"gṳ́", "ṳ́"}, ["离"] = {}, ["禽"] = {"gíng", "kíng"}, ["萬"] = {"māng"}, ["禾"] = {"hó̤"}, ["禿"] = {"teoh", "tuah"}, ["秀"] = {"siu̍"}, ["私"] = {"seo", "si"}, ["秅"] = {}, ["秆"] = {"guâⁿ"}, ["秈"] = {}, ["秉"] = {"bîng"}, ["秋"] = {"chiu"}, ["种"] = {}, ["秎"] = {}, ["秏"] = {}, ["科"] = {"keo", "ko̤"}, ["秒"] = {"pâ̤u"}, ["秕"] = {}, ["秖"] = {}, ["秘"] = {"bi̍"}, ["租"] = {"co"}, ["秠"] = {}, ["秣"] = {}, ["秤"] = {"chi̍ng"}, ["秦"] = {"cíng"}, ["秧"] = {"io̤ng", "ng"}, ["秩"] = {"di̍h"}, ["秪"] = {}, ["秫"] = {"se̤̍h", "seo̍h"}, ["秬"] = {}, ["秭"] = {}, ["秮"] = {"dai"}, ["秶"] = {}, ["秸"] = {}, ["秺"] = {}, ["移"] = {"í"}, ["稆"] = {"lṳ̂"}, ["稀"] = {"hi"}, ["稂"] = {}, ["稃"] = {}, ["稅"] = {"so̍i"}, ["稈"] = {"gâng", "guâⁿ"}, ["稊"] = {}, ["程"] = {"diáⁿ", "díng", "tiáⁿ"}, ["稌"] = {}, ["稍"] = {"sáu"}, ["稑"] = {}, ["稒"] = {}, ["稔"] = {}, ["稗"] = {"pa̤̍", "bāi"}, ["稘"] = {}, ["稙"] = {}, ["稚"] = {"dī"}, ["稜"] = {}, ["稞"] = {}, ["稟"] = {"bîng"}, ["稠"] = {"sá̤u", "diú"}, ["稫"] = {}, ["種"] = {"cê̤ng", "ce̤̍ng", "té̤ng"}, ["稯"] = {}, ["稰"] = {}, ["稱"] = {"ching", "chi̍ng"}, ["穊"] = {}, ["稷"] = {"cih"}, ["稹"] = {}, ["稻"] = {"dō̤", "diū"}, ["稼"] = {"ga̍"}, ["稽"] = {"ka̤"}, ["稿"] = {"geô", "gô̤"}, ["穀"] = {"go̤h"}, ["穄"] = {}, ["穆"] = {"bo̤̍h"}, ["穈"] = {}, ["穋"] = {}, ["穌"] = {"so"}, ["積"] = {"cih"}, ["穎"] = {"îng"}, ["穖"] = {}, ["穗"] = {"su̍i"}, ["穛"] = {}, ["穜"] = {"dó̤ng"}, ["穟"] = {}, ["穠"] = {}, ["穡"] = {"seh"}, ["穢"] = {"o̍i"}, ["穧"] = {"sā̤"}, ["穨"] = {}, ["穩"] = {"eông"}, ["穫"] = {}, ["穬"] = {}, ["穭"] = {}, ["穮"] = {}, ["穰"] = {}, ["穱"] = {}, ["穴"] = {"he̤̍h"}, ["究"] = {"giu̍"}, ["穸"] = {"si̍h"}, ["穹"] = {}, ["空"] = {"kang", "ko̤ng", "ko̤̍ng"}, ["穾"] = {}, ["穿"] = {"choiⁿ", "chuang", "sē̤ng"}, ["窀"] = {}, ["突"] = {"deo̍h"}, ["窄"] = {"cā", "ceh"}, ["窅"] = {}, ["窆"] = {}, ["窈"] = {"á̤u"}, ["窉"] = {}, ["窊"] = {}, ["窋"] = {}, ["窌"] = {}, ["窏"] = {}, ["窐"] = {}, ["窒"] = {"teh"}, ["窔"] = {}, ["窕"] = {}, ["窖"] = {}, ["窗"] = {"te̤ng", "cho̤ng"}, ["窘"] = {}, ["窙"] = {}, ["窜"] = {"chua̍ⁿ"}, ["窞"] = {}, ["窟"] = {"keoh"}, ["窠"] = {"keo", "ko̤"}, ["窢"] = {}, ["窣"] = {}, ["窨"] = {"i̍ng"}, ["窩"] = {"eo", "o̤", "o̤ⁿ"}, ["窪"] = {"ua"}, ["窫"] = {}, ["窬"] = {}, ["窮"] = {"gé̤ng", "kó̤ng"}, ["窯"] = {"á̤u"}, ["窱"] = {}, ["窲"] = {}, ["窳"] = {}, ["窴"] = {}, ["窵"] = {}, ["窶"] = {}, ["窸"] = {"sih"}, ["窺"] = {"ki", "kui"}, ["窾"] = {}, ["窿"] = {}, ["竀"] = {}, ["竁"] = {}, ["竄"] = {"chua̍ng"}, ["竅"] = {"ka̤̍u"}, ["竇"] = {}, ["竈"] = {"ca̍u", "co̤̍"}, ["竊"] = {"chiah"}, ["立"] = {"li̍h"}, ["竑"] = {}, ["竘"] = {}, ["站"] = {"cāng"}, ["竣"] = {"ceo̍ng"}, ["童"] = {"dó̤ng"}, ["竦"] = {}, ["竫"] = {}, ["竭"] = {"keh", "ke̍h", "ge̍h"}, ["端"] = {"duang"}, ["競"] = {"gīng"}, ["竷"] = {}, ["竹"] = {"de̤h"}, ["竺"] = {"de̤h"}, ["竽"] = {"ú"}, ["竿"] = {"gang"}, ["笅"] = {}, ["笆"] = {"baⁿ"}, ["笈"] = {"gih"}, ["笊"] = {"cia̍"}, ["笏"] = {"heoh"}, ["笐"] = {"gn̍g"}, ["笑"] = {"cha̤̍u", "sa̤̍u"}, ["笓"] = {}, ["笘"] = {"siáng"}, ["笙"] = {"seng", "saⁿ"}, ["笛"] = {"de̍h"}, ["笝"] = {}, ["笞"] = {"ti"}, ["笠"] = {"lia̍h"}, ["笢"] = {}, ["笤"] = {}, ["笥"] = {"seō"}, ["符"] = {"hú"}, ["笨"] = {"beōng"}, ["笪"] = {}, ["笫"] = {}, ["第"] = {"dā̤"}, ["笭"] = {}, ["笮"] = {}, ["笯"] = {}, ["笰"] = {}, ["笱"] = {}, ["笲"] = {}, ["笳"] = {}, ["笴"] = {}, ["笵"] = {}, ["笸"] = {"bô̤"}, ["笻"] = {}, ["笄"] = {"ge", "ga̤"}, ["筄"] = {}, ["筅"] = {"châ̤ⁿ"}, ["筆"] = {"bih"}, ["筇"] = {}, ["筈"] = {}, ["等"] = {"dêng"}, ["筊"] = {}, ["筋"] = {"gṳng"}, ["筌"] = {}, ["筍"] = {"seông"}, ["筏"] = {"hua̍h"}, ["筐"] = {"ko̤ng"}, ["筑"] = {}, ["筒"] = {"dáng", "dó̤ng"}, ["答"] = {"dah"}, ["策"] = {"cheh"}, ["筠"] = {}, ["筡"] = {}, ["筢"] = {"bó̤"}, ["筤"] = {}, ["筥"] = {}, ["筦"] = {}, ["筧"] = {}, ["筩"] = {}, ["筭"] = {}, ["筮"] = {"sā̤"}, ["筰"] = {}, ["筱"] = {}, ["筲"] = {}, ["筳"] = {}, ["筴"] = {}, ["筵"] = {"éng"}, ["筷"] = {"ko̍i"}, ["節"] = {"cā̤", "ceh"}, ["𥭘"] = {"tai"}, ["箄"] = {"bi", "bái"}, ["箅"] = {"bi̍"}, ["箇"] = {}, ["箈"] = {}, ["箊"] = {}, ["箋"] = {"chiang"}, ["箌"] = {}, ["箍"] = {"ko"}, ["箎"] = {}, ["箏"] = {"ceng"}, ["箐"] = {}, ["箑"] = {}, ["箔"] = {}, ["箕"] = {"gi"}, ["箖"] = {}, ["算"] = {"sua̍ⁿ", "sua̍ng"}, ["箘"] = {}, ["箙"] = {}, ["箛"] = {}, ["箜"] = {}, ["箝"] = {}, ["箠"] = {"chói"}, ["管"] = {"guâng", "gôiⁿ"}, ["箢"] = {"ôiⁿ", "uâng"}, ["箬"] = {"na̤u̍h*", "ho̤̍h", "ho̤̍h*", "na̤u̍h", "cio̤̍h"}, ["箭"] = {"ci̍ng", "ce̍ng", "cia̍ng"}, ["箯"] = {}, ["箱"] = {"sa̤uⁿ", "sio̤ng"}, ["箴"] = {"cing"}, ["箷"] = {}, ["箸"] = {"dṳ̄"}, ["箹"] = {}, ["箾"] = {}, ["篁"] = {"ńg"}, ["範"] = {"bāng", "hāng"}, ["篆"] = {"dōiⁿ", "dē̤ng"}, ["篇"] = {"peng"}, ["篋"] = {"kā̤"}, ["篌"] = {"há̤u"}, ["篎"] = {}, ["築"] = {"de̤h"}, ["篔"] = {}, ["篕"] = {}, ["篘"] = {"tiu"}, ["篙"] = {"geo"}, ["篚"] = {}, ["篛"] = {}, ["篝"] = {}, ["篞"] = {}, ["篠"] = {}, ["篡"] = {"chua̍ng"}, ["篣"] = {}, ["篤"] = {"do̤h", "dāu"}, ["篥"] = {}, ["篦"] = {}, ["篧"] = {}, ["篨"] = {}, ["篩"] = {"tai", "seo", "sai"}, ["篪"] = {}, ["簑"] = {}, ["篲"] = {}, ["篳"] = {}, ["篴"] = {}, ["篷"] = {"páng", "bó̤ng"}, ["篸"] = {}, ["篹"] = {}, ["篻"] = {}, ["篽"] = {}, ["篾"] = {"bi̍h*", "be̍h", "bi̍h"}, 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{"lua", "leó", "luá"}, ["籯"] = {}, ["籲"] = {"ṳ̄"}, ["米"] = {"bî"}, ["籸"] = {}, ["籹"] = {}, ["籺"] = {}, ["籽"] = {"cî"}, ["粄"] = {}, ["粉"] = {"heông"}, ["粊"] = {}, ["粑"] = {"ba"}, ["粒"] = {"la̍h"}, ["粔"] = {}, ["粕"] = {"beh", "peō", "peh"}, ["粗"] = {"cho"}, ["粘"] = {}, ["粙"] = {"diū"}, ["粞"] = {"che̤̍", "sa̤"}, ["粟"] = {"cho̤h", "se̤h"}, ["粢"] = {"ca̤"}, ["粥"] = {"ce̤h", "e̤̍h"}, ["粦"] = {"líng"}, ["粱"] = {"lió̤ng", "lio̤ng"}, ["粲"] = {}, ["粳"] = {}, ["粵"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["粸"] = {"kí"}, ["粹"] = {"chu̍i"}, ["粺"] = {}, ["粻"] = {"dio̤ng"}, ["粼"] = {}, ["粽"] = {"ca̍ng", "co̤̍ng"}, ["精"] = {"cing"}, ["粿"] = {"gôi"}, ["糅"] = {}, ["糇"] = {"há̤u"}, ["糈"] = {"sṳ"}, ["糊"] = {"gó", "hó"}, ["糌"] = {}, ["糎"] = {}, ["糒"] = {}, ["糔"] = {}, ["糕"] = {"geo"}, ["糖"] = {"tó̤ng", "tńg", "kng"}, ["糗"] = {"kiu̍"}, ["糙"] = {"cheo̍", "cho̤̍"}, ["糜"] = {"mói", "má", "bí"}, ["糝"] = {"sâng", "siang"}, ["糞"] = {"beo̍ng"}, ["糟"] = {"cau", "co̤"}, ["糠"] = {"kng", "ko̤ng"}, ["糢"] = {}, ["糧"] = {"ná̤u", "lió̤ng"}, ["糪"] = 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{}, ["繞"] = {"câ̤u"}, ["繟"] = {}, ["繠"] = {}, ["繡"] = {"siu̍"}, ["繢"] = {}, ["繣"] = {"he̍h"}, ["繩"] = {"síng"}, ["繪"] = {"go̍i"}, ["繫"] = {}, ["繭"] = {"ngâ̤", "gêng"}, ["繮"] = {"gio̤ng"}, ["繯"] = {"huáng"}, ["繰"] = {}, ["繲"] = {}, ["繳"] = {"gâ̤u"}, ["繴"] = {}, ["繵"] = {}, ["繶"] = {}, ["繷"] = {}, ["繸"] = {}, ["繹"] = {}, ["繺"] = {}, ["繻"] = {}, ["繼"] = {"ga̤̍"}, ["繽"] = {}, ["繾"] = {"kêng"}, ["纀"] = {}, ["纁"] = {"heong"}, ["纂"] = {"chua̍ng"}, ["纃"] = {"ca̤̍"}, ["纆"] = {}, ["纇"] = {}, ["纈"] = {}, ["纊"] = {}, ["纋"] = {}, ["續"] = {"se̤̍h"}, ["纍"] = {}, ["纏"] = {"déng", "chéng", "díng"}, ["纑"] = {}, ["纓"] = {"ing", "ia", "iaⁿ"}, ["纔"] = {}, ["纕"] = {}, ["纖"] = {"cheng", "chiang", "chio̤ⁿ"}, ["纗"] = {}, ["纘"] = {}, ["纚"] = {}, ["纛"] = {"do̤̍h"}, ["纜"] = {"lâng"}, ["缶"] = {}, ["缸"] = {"go̤ng", "gng"}, ["缹"] = {}, ["缺"] = {"ke̤h", "kī", "kōi"}, ["䍉"] = {"dâi"}, ["缽"] = {"buah"}, ["缾"] = {}, ["缿"] = {"hāng"}, ["罃"] = {}, ["罄"] = {"ke̍ng", "ki̍ng"}, ["罅"] = {}, ["罈"] = {}, ["罊"] = {}, ["罋"] = {}, 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["羢"] = {}, ["羣"] = {"geóng"}, ["群"] = {"geóng"}, ["羥"] = {"giô̤ng"}, ["羦"] = {}, ["羧"] = {}, ["羨"] = {"ēng", "e̍ng"}, ["義"] = {"gī"}, ["羬"] = {}, ["羭"] = {}, ["羯"] = {"gē̤"}, ["羰"] = {}, ["羱"] = {"ngé̤ng"}, ["羲"] = {"hi"}, ["羳"] = {}, ["羵"] = {}, ["羶"] = {}, ["羷"] = {}, ["羸"] = {}, ["羹"] = {}, ["羺"] = {}, ["羼"] = {"sió̤ng"}, ["羽"] = {"ṳ̂"}, ["羾"] = {}, ["羿"] = {}, ["翁"] = {"ang", "o̤ng"}, ["翂"] = {}, ["翃"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["翅"] = {"chi̍"}, ["翇"] = {}, ["翊"] = {"i̍h"}, ["翋"] = {}, ["翌"] = {"i̍h"}, ["翍"] = {}, ["翎"] = {}, ["翏"] = {}, ["翐"] = {}, ["翑"] = {}, ["習"] = {"si̍h"}, ["翔"] = {"sió̤ng"}, ["翕"] = {"hih"}, ["翛"] = {}, ["翜"] = {}, ["翟"] = {"de̍h"}, ["翠"] = {"chu̍i"}, ["翡"] = {}, ["翢"] = {}, ["翣"] = {"sah"}, ["翥"] = {}, ["翦"] = {"ciâng"}, ["翨"] = {}, ["翩"] = {"peng"}, ["翪"] = {}, ["翫"] = {}, ["翬"] = {}, ["翭"] = {}, ["翮"] = {}, ["翯"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["翰"] = {"hāng"}, ["翱"] = {}, ["翲"] = {}, ["翳"] = {"a̤̍"}, ["翴"] = {}, ["翼"] = {"si̍h", "i̍h"}, ["翹"] = {}, ["翻"] = {"huang"}, ["翽"] = {}, ["翾"] = {"se̤ng"}, ["翿"] = {}, ["耀"] = {"ā̤u"}, ["老"] = {"ló̤", "lô̤", "lāu"}, ["考"] = {"kô̤"}, ["耄"] = {"meō"}, ["者"] = {"ciâ", "ceh", "ciah"}, ["耆"] = {"gí"}, ["耇"] = {}, ["耋"] = {}, ["而"] = {"cí"}, ["耍"] = {"suâ"}, ["耎"] = {"neông"}, ["耏"] = {"cí", "nāi"}, ["耐"] = {"nāi"}, ["耑"] = {}, ["耒"] = {"lōi"}, ["耔"] = {}, ["耕"] = {"geng", "gaⁿ"}, ["耖"] = {}, ["耗"] = {"ho̤̍"}, ["耘"] = {"eóng"}, ["耙"] = {"bó̤", "bō̤"}, ["耜"] = {"seō"}, ["耞"] = {}, ["耟"] = {}, ["耡"] = {}, ["耤"] = {}, ["耦"] = {"gâ̤u"}, ["耨"] = {}, ["耪"] = {}, ["耬"] = {}, ["耰"] = {"iu"}, ["耲"] = {"hói"}, ["耳"] = {"cî", "hī"}, ["耴"] = {}, ["耵"] = {}, ["耶"] = {"a̤", "á̤"}, ["耷"] = {}, ["耹"] = {}, ["耽"] = {"da̍ng", "dang", "do̤ⁿ"}, ["耾"] = {}, ["耿"] = {"gêng"}, ["聃"] = {}, ["聆"] = {"léng"}, ["聇"] = {}, ["聈"] = {}, ["聊"] = {"lá̤u"}, ["聏"] = {}, ["聑"] = {}, ["聒"] = {"guah"}, ["聖"] = {"si̍ng", "sia̍ⁿ"}, ["聘"] = {"pi̍ng"}, ["聙"] = {"cing"}, ["聚"] = {"cṳ̄"}, ["聝"] = {}, ["聞"] = {"mói", "meóng"}, ["聯"] = {"léng"}, ["聰"] = {"cho̤ng"}, ["聱"] = {}, ["聲"] = {"siaⁿ", "sing", "ciaⁿ"}, ["聳"] = {}, ["聵"] = {}, ["聶"] = {"niah"}, ["職"] = {"cih"}, ["聹"] = {}, ["聽"] = {"tiaⁿ", "teng", "te̍ng"}, ["聾"] = {"láng", "ló̤ng"}, ["聿"] = {"ṳ̍h"}, ["肂"] = {}, ["肄"] = {}, ["肅"] = {"se̤h"}, ["肆"] = {"seo̍", "si̍"}, ["肇"] = {"dā̤u"}, ["肉"] = {"ne̤̍h", "ce̤̍h"}, ["肋"] = {"leh"}, ["肌"] = {"gi"}, ["肏"] = {"sau"}, ["肐"] = {}, ["肒"] = {}, ["肓"] = {"ho̤ng"}, ["肕"] = {}, ["肖"] = {"sa̤u", "sa̤̍u"}, ["肘"] = {"diû"}, ["肙"] = {}, ["肚"] = {"dô"}, ["肛"] = {}, ["肜"] = {}, ["肝"] = {"guaⁿ", "gang"}, ["股"] = {"gô"}, ["肢"] = {"ci", "gi"}, ["肣"] = {}, ["肥"] = {"búi", "hí"}, ["肨"] = {"pô̤ng"}, ["肩"] = {"ga̤ⁿ", "geng"}, ["肪"] = {"ho̤ng"}, ["肫"] = {}, ["肮"] = {}, ["肯"] = {"kêng"}, ["肱"] = {}, ["育"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["肴"] = {"háu"}, ["肵"] = {}, ["肸"] = {}, ["肺"] = {"hi̍"}, ["肽"] = {"ta̍i"}, ["胂"] = {}, ["胃"] = {"ūi"}, ["胄"] = {}, ["胅"] = {}, ["胇"] = {}, ["胈"] = {}, ["胉"] = {}, ["胊"] = {}, ["背"] = {"bo̍i", "bōi"}, ["胎"] = {"tai"}, ["胏"] = {}, ["胐"] = {}, ["胑"] = {}, ["胔"] = {}, ["胕"] = {}, ["胖"] = {"puāng"}, ["胗"] = {}, ["胘"] = {}, ["胙"] = {"cō"}, ["胚"] = {"poi"}, ["胛"] = {"gō̤", "gah"}, ["胜"] = {}, ["胝"] = {}, ["胞"] = {"báu"}, ["胠"] = {}, ["胡"] = {"hó", "hō"}, ["胣"] = {}, ["胤"] = {"īng"}, ["胥"] = {"sṳ"}, ["胭"] = {"eng"}, ["胯"] = {}, ["胰"] = {"í"}, ["胱"] = {"go̤ng"}, ["胲"] = {}, ["胳"] = {}, ["胴"] = {"dō̤ng"}, ["胵"] = {}, ["胸"] = {"ho̤ng", "he̤ng"}, ["胹"] = {"cí"}, ["胺"] = {}, ["胻"] = {"hēng"}, ["胼"] = {}, ["能"] = {"néng"}, ["胾"] = {}, ["胿"] = {"gui"}, ["脀"] = {}, ["脁"] = {}, ["脂"] = {"ci"}, ["脅"] = {"hia̍h"}, ["脆"] = {"che̤̍", "chu̍i"}, ["脈"] = {"ma̍h*", "be̍h"}, ["脊"] = {"cih", "ciā"}, ["脎"] = {"sah"}, ["脕"] = {}, ["脖"] = {}, ["脘"] = {}, ["脙"] = {}, ["脛"] = {}, ["脝"] = {"heng"}, ["脞"] = {}, ["脟"] = {}, ["脡"] = {}, ["脣"] = {"deóng"}, ["脤"] = {}, ["脥"] = {}, ["脧"] = {}, ["脩"] = {"siu"}, ["脫"] = {"tuah", "teoh"}, ["脬"] = {"po̤ⁿ"}, ["脭"] = {}, ["脯"] = {"bô", "pô", "hû"}, ["脰"] = {"dāu"}, ["脹"] = {"dn̍g", "da̤̍uⁿ", "dio̤̍ng"}, ["脽"] = {}, ["脾"] = {"bí", 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["虔"] = {"géng"}, ["彪"] = {"biu"}, ["處"] = {"chṳ̍", "chṳ̂", "do̍"}, ["虖"] = {}, ["虙"] = {}, ["虛"] = {"hṳ"}, ["虜"] = {"lô"}, ["虞"] = {"gṳ́"}, ["號"] = {"heō", "hō̤"}, ["虡"] = {}, ["虢"] = {}, ["虣"] = {}, ["虧"] = {"kui"}, ["虩"] = {"hih"}, ["虪"] = {}, ["虫"] = {}, ["虭"] = {}, ["虮"] = {}, ["虯"] = {"kiú", "giú"}, ["虰"] = {}, ["虱"] = {"seh"}, ["虴"] = {}, ["虷"] = {}, ["虹"] = {"kō̤ng", "hó̤ng"}, ["虺"] = {}, ["虻"] = {"máng", "mó̤ng"}, ["虼"] = {"gō̤"}, ["蚅"] = {}, ["蚆"] = {}, ["蚇"] = {}, ["蚊"] = {}, ["蚋"] = {}, ["蚌"] = {}, ["蚍"] = {}, ["蚑"] = {}, ["蚓"] = {"eông", "îng"}, ["蚕"] = {}, ["蚖"] = {}, ["蚗"] = {}, ["蚙"] = {}, ["蚚"] = {}, ["蚛"] = {"dē̤ng"}, ["蚜"] = {}, ["蚞"] = {}, ["蚡"] = {}, ["蚢"] = {}, ["蚣"] = {"gang"}, ["蚤"] = {"câu"}, ["蚥"] = {}, ["蚧"] = {"ga̍i"}, ["蚨"] = {"bó"}, ["蚩"] = {}, ["蚪"] = {"dâ̤u"}, ["蚮"] = {"diō̤"}, ["蚯"] = {"kiu"}, ["蚰"] = {"iú"}, ["蚱"] = {"ca̍"}, ["蚳"] = {}, ["蚴"] = {}, ["蚵"] = {}, ["蚶"] = {}, ["蚷"] = {}, ["蚸"] = {}, ["蚹"] = {}, ["蚺"] = {}, ["蚻"] = {"sua̍h*"}, ["蚼"] = {"gu"}, ["蚿"] = {}, ["蛀"] = {"ciu̍", "cṳ̍"}, ["蛁"] = {"da̤u"}, ["蛂"] = {}, ["蛄"] = {"go"}, ["蛅"] = {}, ["蛆"] = {"chṳ"}, ["蛇"] = {"dó̤", "sió̤", "í"}, ["蛈"] = {}, ["蛉"] = {}, ["蛊"] = {"gô"}, ["蛋"] = {"da̍ng"}, ["蛌"] = {}, ["䖳"] = {"to̤̍", "ce̍h"}, ["䖵"] = {"keong"}, ["蛐"] = {}, ["蛓"] = {}, ["蛔"] = {"hói"}, ["蛗"] = {}, ["蛘"] = {"á̤uⁿ"}, ["蛙"] = {}, ["蛚"] = {}, ["蛛"] = {"du", "cṳ"}, ["蛜"] = {}, ["蛝"] = {}, ["蛞"] = {"guah"}, ["蛟"] = {"ga̤u", "gau"}, ["蛢"] = {}, ["蛣"] = {}, ["蛤"] = {"kah", "gah"}, ["蛦"] = {}, ["蛩"] = {}, ["蛪"] = {}, ["蛫"] = {}, ["蛬"] = {}, ["蛭"] = {}, ["蛖"] = {}, ["蛵"] = {}, ["蛶"] = {}, ["蛷"] = {}, ["蛸"] = {}, ["蛹"] = {"ê̤ng"}, ["蛺"] = {}, ["蛻"] = {"te̤̍", "to̍i"}, ["蛾"] = {"gó̤", "ko̤"}, ["蜀"] = {"se̤̍h", "seo̍h"}, ["蜁"] = {}, ["蜂"] = {"pang", "ho̤ng"}, ["蜃"] = {"sīng"}, ["蜄"] = {}, ["蜆"] = {"hâ̤ⁿ"}, ["蜇"] = {}, ["蜈"] = {"gió̤"}, ["蜉"] = {"há̤u"}, ["蜊"] = {}, ["蜋"] = {}, ["蜌"] = {}, ["蜍"] = {"sṳ́"}, ["蜎"] = {"e̤ng"}, ["蜑"] = {}, ["蜒"] = {"déng"}, ["蜓"] = {}, ["蝆"] = {}, ["蜘"] = {"di"}, ["蜙"] = {}, ["蜚"] = {"hi"}, ["蜛"] = {}, ["蜜"] = {"bi̍h"}, ["蜞"] = {"kí"}, ["蜠"] = {}, ["蜡"] = {}, ["蜢"] = {"mâ", "mēng", "mêng"}, ["蜣"] = {}, ["蜤"] = {}, ["蜥"] = {"sih"}, ["蜦"] = {}, ["蜧"] = {}, ["蜨"] = {}, ["蜩"] = {}, ["蜪"] = {}, ["蜬"] = {}, ["蜭"] = {}, ["蜮"] = {"ṳ̍h"}, ["蜰"] = {}, ["蜱"] = {"bi"}, ["蜲"] = {}, ["蜳"] = {}, ["蜴"] = {"i̍h"}, ["蜵"] = {}, ["蜷"] = {}, ["蜸"] = {}, ["蜺"] = {}, ["蜻"] = {"ching"}, ["蜼"] = {}, ["蜾"] = {}, ["蜿"] = {}, ["蝀"] = {"do̤ng"}, ["蝁"] = {}, ["蝂"] = {}, ["蝃"] = {}, ["蝌"] = {"ko̤"}, ["蝍"] = {}, ["蝎"] = {}, ["蝐"] = {}, ["蝑"] = {}, ["蝒"] = {}, ["蝓"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["蝔"] = {}, ["蝕"] = {"si̍h*", "sī", "sih", "si̍h"}, ["蝖"] = {}, ["蝗"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["蝘"] = {"ê̤ng"}, ["蝙"] = {"beng"}, ["蝚"] = {}, ["蝛"] = {}, ["蝜"] = {}, ["蝝"] = {"é̤ng"}, ["蝞"] = {}, ["蝟"] = {}, ["蝠"] = {"ho̤h"}, ["蝡"] = {}, ["蝣"] = {"iú"}, ["蝤"] = {"giú", "iú"}, ["蝥"] = {}, ["蝦"] = {"hó̤", "há"}, ["蝨"] = {"seh"}, ["蝪"] = {}, ["蝫"] = {}, ["蝬"] = {}, ["蝭"] = {}, ["蝮"] = {}, ["蝯"] = {}, ["蝳"] = {}, ["蝴"] = {"hó"}, ["蝶"] = {"ia̍h*", "dia̍h"}, ["蝷"] = {}, ["蝸"] = {}, ["蝺"] = {}, ["蝻"] = {"náng"}, ["蟡"] = {}, ["䗛"] = {"siu"}, ["蝹"] = {}, ["螁"] = {}, ["螂"] = {"ló̤ng"}, ["螃"] = {}, ["螄"] = {}, ["螅"] = {"sih"}, ["螇"] = {}, ["螈"] = {"ngé̤ng"}, ["融"] = {"hé̤ng", "é̤ng"}, ["螏"] = {}, ["螐"] = {}, ["螑"] = {}, ["螒"] = {}, ["螓"] = {}, ["螔"] = {}, ["螖"] = {}, ["螗"] = {}, ["螘"] = {}, ["螚"] = {}, ["螛"] = {}, ["螜"] = {}, ["螝"] = {}, ["螞"] = {"mâ"}, ["螟"] = {"méng", "míng"}, ["螢"] = {"ṳ́ng"}, ["螣"] = {}, ["螤"] = {}, ["螪"] = {}, ["螫"] = {"di̍h", "chā̤u"}, ["螬"] = {}, ["螭"] = {}, ["螮"] = {}, ["螯"] = {}, ["螰"] = {}, ["螳"] = {"dó̤ng"}, ["螴"] = {}, ["螵"] = {}, ["螶"] = {}, ["螷"] = {}, ["螸"] = {}, ["螹"] = {}, ["螺"] = {"lé̤", "lúi", "lói"}, ["螻"] = {}, ["螼"] = {}, ["螽"] = {"ce̤ng"}, ["螾"] = {}, ["螿"] = {}, ["蟀"] = {}, ["蟂"] = {}, ["蟃"] = {}, ["蟄"] = {}, ["蟅"] = {}, ["蟆"] = {"bó"}, ["蟈"] = {}, ["蟉"] = {}, ["蟊"] = {}, ["蟋"] = {"sih"}, ["蟌"] = {}, ["蟑"] = {"cio̤ng"}, ["蟒"] = {"mn̂g", "mô̤ng"}, ["蟓"] = {}, ["蟔"] = {}, ["蟗"] = {}, ["蟘"] = {}, ["蟙"] = {}, ["蟛"] = {"péng"}, ["蟜"] = {}, ["蟞"] = {}, ["蟟"] = {}, ["蟠"] = {"buáng"}, ["蟢"] = {"hî"}, ["蟣"] = {}, ["蟤"] = {}, ["蟥"] = {}, ["蟦"] = {}, ["蟧"] = {}, ["蟨"] = {}, ["蟪"] = {}, ["蟫"] = {}, ["蟬"] = {"séng"}, ["蟭"] = {}, ["蟯"] = {}, ["蟲"] = {"táng", "té̤ng"}, ["蟳"] = {"síng"}, ["蟴"] = {}, ["蟵"] = {"chṳ́"}, ["蠁"] = {}, ["蟶"] = {"teng", "ching"}, ["蟷"] = {}, ["蟹"] = {"hā̤"}, ["蟺"] = {}, ["蟻"] = {"hiō̤", "gî"}, ["蟼"] = {}, ["蟾"] = {"séng"}, ["蟿"] = {}, ["蠀"] = {}, ["蠃"] = {}, ["蠅"] = {"síng"}, ["蠆"] = {}, ["蠈"] = {}, ["蠉"] = {}, ["蠋"] = {}, ["蠌"] = {}, ["蠍"] = {"ah", "heh"}, ["蠐"] = {}, ["蠑"] = {}, ["蠓"] = {"mâng", "mó̤ng"}, ["蠔"] = {"hó̤"}, ["蠕"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["蠖"] = {}, ["蠗"] = {}, ["蠘"] = {"chi̍h*", "chi̍h"}, ["蠙"] = {}, ["蠛"] = {}, ["蠜"] = {}, ["蠝"] = {}, ["蠞"] = {"chi̍h*"}, ["蠟"] = {"lo̤̍h*", "la̍h", "lo̤̍h"}, ["蠠"] = {}, ["蠡"] = {}, ["蠢"] = {"cheông"}, ["蠣"] = {"diō̤", "lā̤"}, ["蠤"] = {}, ["蠥"] = {}, ["蠦"] = {}, ["蠨"] = {}, ["蠩"] = {}, ["蠪"] = {}, ["蠫"] = {}, ["蠬"] = {}, ["蠮"] = {}, ["蠯"] = {}, ["蠰"] = {}, ["蠱"] = {}, ["蠲"] = {"ge̤ng"}, ["蠳"] = {}, ["蠵"] = {"há̤"}, ["蠶"] = {"cáng"}, ["蠷"] = {}, ["蠸"] = {}, ["蠹"] = {"do̍"}, ["蠻"] = {"máng"}, ["蠼"] = {}, ["蠽"] = {}, ["蠾"] = {}, ["蠿"] = {}, ["血"] = {"hā̤", "he̤h"}, ["衁"] = {}, ["衃"] = {}, ["衄"] = {}, ["衆"] = {"ce̤̍ng"}, ["衈"] = {}, ["衊"] = {}, ["衋"] = {}, ["行"] = {"giáⁿ", "héng", "hēng", "ńg", "gáⁿ", "háng", "híng", "hāng", "n̄g"}, ["衍"] = {"ēng"}, ["衎"] = {}, ["衒"] = {"hē̤ng"}, ["術"] = {"seo̍h", "se̤̍h"}, ["衕"] = {}, ["衖"] = {}, ["街"] = {"ga̤"}, ["衙"] = {"gó̤"}, ["衚"] = {}, ["衛"] = {"ā̤"}, ["衝"] = {"che̤ng"}, ["衡"] = {"héng"}, ["衢"] = {"gṳ́"}, ["衣"] = {"i", "ui"}, ["衧"] = {}, ["表"] = {"bâ̤u"}, ["衩"] = {}, ["衪"] = {}, ["衫"] = {"so̤ⁿ", "sang"}, ["衭"] = {}, ["衯"] = {}, ["衰"] = {"soi"}, ["衱"] = {}, ["衲"] = {}, ["衵"] = {}, ["衶"] = {}, ["衷"] = {"de̤ng"}, ["衹"] = {}, ["衽"] = {}, ["衾"] = {"king"}, ["衿"] = {}, ["袀"] = {}, ["袁"] = {"é̤ng"}, ["袂"] = {"bā̤", "bâ̤"}, ["袃"] = {}, ["䘥"] = {"gō̤"}, ["袈"] = {"ga"}, ["袉"] = {}, ["袋"] = {"dē̤", "dāi"}, ["袌"] = {}, ["袍"] = {"bó̤", "báu", "páu", "bó̤ⁿ"}, ["袑"] = {}, ["袒"] = {"tâng"}, ["袕"] = {}, ["袖"] = {"siū"}, ["袗"] = {}, ["袘"] = {}, ["袙"] = {}, ["袚"] = {"pua̍h*", "pua̍h"}, ["袛"] = {}, ["袞"] = {"geông"}, ["袟"] = {}, ["袡"] = {}, ["袢"] = {}, ["袤"] = {}, ["袧"] = {}, ["袨"] = {}, ["袪"] = {}, ["被"] = {"pī", "pōi"}, ["袬"] = {}, ["袱"] = {"ho̤̍h"}, ["袲"] = {}, ["袶"] = {}, ["袷"] = {}, ["袸"] = {}, ["袹"] = {}, ["袺"] = {}, ["袼"] = {}, ["袽"] = {}, ["袾"] = {}, ["裀"] = {}, ["裁"] = {"cái"}, ["裂"] = {"la̤̍h*", "le̍h", "la̤̍h"}, ["裊"] = {"nâ̤u"}, ["裋"] = {}, ["裍"] = {}, ["裎"] = {}, ["裒"] = {}, ["裔"] = {"a̤̍"}, ["裕"] = {"cṳ̄"}, ["裖"] = {}, ["裗"] = {}, ["裘"] = {"giú"}, ["裙"] = {"geóng"}, ["裚"] = {}, ["裛"] = {}, ["補"] = {"bô"}, ["裝"] = {"co̤ng", "cng"}, ["裞"] = {}, ["裟"] = {"sa"}, ["裡"] = {"lī", "dî", "lî"}, ["䘷"] = {"bī"}, ["䘼"] = {"ôiⁿ", "uâng"}, ["䘿"] = {"keo̍h"}, ["裧"] = {}, ["裨"] = {}, ["裮"] = {}, ["裯"] = {}, ["裰"] = {"de̤h"}, ["裱"] = {"bâ̤u"}, ["裲"] = {}, ["裳"] = {"chá̤uⁿ", "sió̤ng"}, ["裴"] = {"bói"}, ["裶"] = {}, ["裷"] = {}, ["裸"] = {"lô̤"}, ["裹"] = {"gôi"}, ["裺"] = {}, ["裻"] = {}, ["裼"] = {}, ["製"] = {"ca̤̍"}, ["裾"] = {"gṳ"}, ["褀"] = {"gí"}, ["褁"] = {}, ["褂"] = {}, ["褅"] = {}, ["褆"] = {}, ["複"] = {"ha̍h", "ho̤h", "huh"}, ["褊"] = {}, ["褋"] = {}, ["褌"] = {}, ["褎"] = {}, ["褐"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["褑"] = {}, ["褒"] = {"beo", "bô̤"}, ["褓"] = {"bô̤"}, ["褔"] = {}, ["褕"] = {}, ["褖"] = {}, ["褗"] = {}, ["褘"] = {}, ["褙"] = {"bo̍i"}, ["褚"] = {"sṳ̂"}, ["褞"] = {}, ["褡"] = {"dah"}, ["褢"] = {}, ["褥"] = {"co̤̍h"}, ["褦"] = {"nāi"}, ["褧"] = {}, ["褩"] = {}, ["褪"] = {"to̤̍ⁿ", "te̤̍ⁿ", "to̍iⁿ", "teo̍ng"}, ["褫"] = {}, ["褭"] = {}, ["褮"] = {}, ["褰"] = {}, ["褱"] = {}, ["褲"] = {"ko̍"}, ["褳"] = {}, ["褵"] = {}, ["褶"] = {"ceh"}, ["褷"] = {}, ["褸"] = {"lṳ̂"}, ["褻"] = {"seh"}, ["褼"] = {}, ["褽"] = {}, ["褾"] = {"bâ̤u"}, ["襁"] = {"giô̤ng"}, ["襂"] = {}, ["襄"] = {"sio̤ng"}, ["襆"] = {}, ["襇"] = {"gâ̤ⁿ"}, ["襋"] = {}, ["襌"] = {}, ["襏"] = {}, ["襐"] = {}, ["襒"] = {}, ["襓"] = {}, ["襖"] = {"ô̤"}, ["襗"] = {}, ["襘"] = {}, ["襚"] = {}, ["襛"] = {}, ["襜"] = {}, ["襝"] = {}, ["襞"] = {}, ["襟"] = {"ging", "king"}, ["襠"] = {}, ["襡"] = {}, ["襢"] = {}, ["襣"] = {}, ["襤"] = {}, ["襦"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["襩"] = {}, ["襪"] = {"bo̍ih*", "bo̍ih", "bua̍h"}, ["襫"] = {"sih"}, ["襬"] = {}, ["襭"] = {}, ["襮"] = {}, ["襯"] = {"che̍ng"}, ["襱"] = {"lang"}, ["襲"] = {"si̍h"}, ["襳"] = {}, ["襴"] = {}, ["襶"] = {}, ["襹"] = {}, ["襺"] = {}, ["襾"] = {}, ["西"] = {"sa̤", "sai"}, ["要"] = {"a̤̍u"}, ["覂"] = {}, ["覃"] = {}, ["覅"] = {}, ["覆"] = {"pah", "ho̤h"}, ["覈"] = {}, ["見"] = {"ge̍ng", "gi̍ng", "hēng"}, ["規"] = {"gi", "gui"}, ["覓"] = {"bi̍h"}, ["覕"] = {"ba̍h"}, ["覘"] = {}, ["覛"] = {}, ["覜"] = {}, ["覝"] = {}, ["覡"] = {"he̍h"}, ["覢"] = {}, ["覣"] = {}, ["覤"] = {}, ["覦"] = {}, ["親"] = {"ching", "chīng"}, ["覬"] = {}, ["覭"] = {}, ["覮"] = {}, ["覯"] = {"ga̤̍u"}, ["覲"] = {"gīng"}, ["覶"] = {}, ["覷"] = {}, ["覸"] = {"a̤̍ⁿ"}, ["覺"] = {"gah"}, ["覽"] = {"lâng"}, ["覿"] = {}, ["觀"] = {"gua̍ⁿ", "guang", "gua̍ng", "guaⁿ"}, ["角"] = {"gah"}, ["觓"] = {}, ["觔"] = {}, ["觕"] = {}, ["觖"] = {}, ["觙"] = {}, ["觚"] = {}, ["觝"] = {}, ["觜"] = {}, ["觟"] = {}, ["觠"] = {}, ["觡"] = {}, ["觢"] = {}, ["解"] = {"gâ̤", "ga̤̍", "ā̤", "gâi", "hāi"}, ["觤"] = {}, ["觥"] = {}, ["觩"] = {}, ["觫"] = {}, ["觬"] = {}, ["觭"] = {}, ["觰"] = {}, ["觱"] = {}, ["觲"] = {}, ["觳"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["觴"] = {}, ["觶"] = {}, ["觷"] = {}, ["觸"] = {"tah", "che̤h"}, ["觺"] = {}, ["觻"] = {}, ["觼"] = {}, ["觾"] = {}, ["觿"] = {"há̤"}, ["言"] = {"ngé̤ng"}, ["訂"] = {"déng", "de̍ng", "dia̍ⁿ"}, ["訃"] = {}, ["訄"] = {}, ["訇"] = {"eng"}, ["計"] = {"ga̤̍"}, ["訊"] = {"si̍ng"}, ["訌"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["討"] = {"teô", "tô̤"}, ["訏"] = {"hṳ"}, ["訐"] = {}, ["訑"] = {}, ["訒"] = {}, ["訓"] = {"heo̍ng"}, ["訕"] = {}, ["訖"] = {}, ["託"] = {"to̤h"}, ["記"] = {"gi̍"}, ["訛"] = {"ōi"}, ["訝"] = {"ngā", "ngiā", "gā"}, ["訞"] = {}, ["訟"] = {}, ["訢"] = {}, ["訣"] = {"ge̤h"}, ["訥"] = {}, ["訧"] = {}, ["訩"] = {"he̤ng"}, ["訪"] = {"hô̤ng"}, ["訬"] = {}, ["設"] = {"seh"}, ["訰"] = {}, ["許"] = {"hṳ̂", "heh", "hiô̤", "kô"}, ["訴"] = {"so̍"}, ["訶"] = {"ho̤"}, ["訹"] = {"seoh"}, ["診"] = {"tîng", "cîng"}, ["註"] = {"do̍", "co̍", "cṳ̍"}, ["証"] = {}, ["訾"] = {}, ["訿"] = {}, ["詀"] = {}, ["詁"] = {}, ["詄"] = {}, ["詅"] = {}, ["詆"] = {}, ["詈"] = {"lâ̤"}, ["詍"] = {}, ["詎"] = {}, ["詐"] = {"ca̍", "co̤̍", "cō"}, ["詒"] = {}, ["詔"] = {"ca̤̍u"}, ["評"] = {"píng"}, ["詖"] = {}, ["詗"] = {"gṳ̍ng"}, ["詘"] = {}, ["詙"] = {}, ["詛"] = {"cê̤"}, ["詝"] = {"dṳ̂"}, ["詞"] = {"seó"}, ["詠"] = {"ṳ̄ng"}, ["䛘"] = {"lá̤ⁿ"}, ["詡"] = {"hṳ̂"}, ["詢"] = {"seóng"}, ["詣"] = {"gâ̤"}, ["試"] = {"chi̍", "si̍"}, ["詩"] = {"si"}, ["詫"] = {"dō̤"}, ["詬"] = {}, ["詭"] = {"kûi", "gûi"}, ["詮"] = {}, ["詰"] = {"gih"}, ["話"] = {"uā", "huā"}, ["該"] = {"gai"}, ["詳"] = {"sá̤uⁿ", "sió̤ng"}, ["詵"] = {}, ["詶"] = {}, ["詷"] = {}, ["詹"] = {"ciang"}, ["詻"] = {}, ["詼"] = {"koi"}, ["詿"] = {}, ["誂"] = {}, ["誃"] = {}, ["誄"] = {}, ["誅"] = {"dṳ"}, ["誆"] = {}, ["誇"] = {"kua"}, ["誊"] = {"déng"}, ["誠"] = {"síng"}, ["誋"] = {}, ["誌"] = {"ci̍"}, ["認"] = {"nīng"}, ["誑"] = {}, ["誒"] = {}, ["誓"] = {"sā̤", "liō̤", "siō̤"}, ["誕"] = {"dāng", "dō̤ⁿ"}, ["誘"] = {"iû"}, ["誙"] = {}, ["誚"] = {}, ["語"] = {"gṳ̂"}, ["誡"] = {"ga̍i"}, ["誣"] = {"bú"}, ["誤"] = {"gō"}, ["誥"] = {"go̤̍"}, ["誦"] = {"sē̤ng"}, ["誨"] = {"hôi", "ho̍i"}, ["說"] = {"sōi", "se̤h"}, ["誫"] = {}, ["誰"] = {"súi"}, ["課"] = {"ko̤̍"}, ["誶"] = {"che̤̍h"}, ["誸"] = {}, ["誹"] = {"bái", "hî", "hûi"}, ["誻"] = {}, ["誼"] = {"gí", "gī"}, ["誾"] = {}, ["調"] = {"dá̤u", "dā̤u"}, ["諀"] = {}, ["諂"] = {"tiâng"}, ["諄"] = {"ceong"}, ["諅"] = {}, ["諆"] = {}, ["談"] = {"dáng"}, ["諈"] = {}, ["諉"] = {}, ["請"] = {"chiâⁿ", "chîng"}, ["諍"] = {"ca̍ⁿ", "ce̍ng", "ceng"}, ["諏"] = {}, ["諑"] = {"do̤h"}, ["諒"] = {"liō̤ng"}, ["諓"] = {}, ["諔"] = {}, ["諕"] = {}, ["論"] = {"leōng", "leóng"}, ["諗"] = {}, ["諛"] = {}, ["諜"] = {"dia̍h"}, ["諝"] = {"sê̤"}, ["諞"] = {}, ["諟"] = {}, ["諠"] = {}, ["諡"] = {}, ["諢"] = {}, ["諤"] = {}, ["諦"] = {}, ["諧"] = {"hái"}, ["諫"] = {}, ["諭"] = {"cṳ̄"}, ["諮"] = {"ceo"}, ["諰"] = {}, ["諱"] = {"hu̍i"}, ["諲"] = {}, ["諳"] = {}, ["諴"] = {}, ["諵"] = {}, ["諶"] = {"síng"}, ["諷"] = {"hô̤ng"}, ["諸"] = {"cṳ"}, ["諺"] = {"ngiāng", "ngēng"}, ["諼"] = {"se̤ng"}, ["諾"] = {"do̤̍h"}, ["謀"] = {"bá̤u"}, ["謁"] = {"heh", "eh"}, ["謂"] = {"ūi"}, ["謄"] = {}, ["謅"] = {}, ["謇"] = {}, ["謈"] = {}, ["謊"] = {"hô̤ng", "ho̤ng"}, ["謋"] = {}, ["謍"] = {}, ["謎"] = {"bá̤"}, ["謏"] = {}, ["謐"] = {}, ["謑"] = {}, ["謒"] = {}, ["謔"] = {"ge̤̍h"}, ["謕"] = {}, ["謖"] = {}, ["謗"] = {"bo̤̍ng"}, ["謘"] = {}, ["謙"] = {"kiang"}, ["講"] = {"gô̤ng", "gâng"}, ["謝"] = {"siā"}, ["謞"] = {}, ["謠"] = {"á̤u"}, ["謢"] = {}, ["謣"] = {}, ["謥"] = {}, ["謦"] = {}, ["謧"] = {}, ["謨"] = {}, ["謪"] = {}, ["謫"] = {"deh"}, ["謬"] = {"biū"}, ["謯"] = {}, ["謰"] = {}, ["謱"] = {}, ["謳"] = {}, ["謵"] = {}, ["謷"] = {}, ["謹"] = {"gîng"}, ["謼"] = {}, ["謾"] = {}, ["譀"] = {}, ["譁"] = {}, ["譅"] = {}, ["譆"] = {}, ["譇"] = {}, ["譈"] = {}, ["證"] = {"ci̍ng", "cia̍ⁿ"}, ["譊"] = {}, ["譋"] = {}, ["譎"] = {}, ["譏"] = {"gi"}, ["譐"] = {"ceông"}, ["譑"] = {}, ["譓"] = {}, ["譔"] = {}, ["譕"] = {}, ["譖"] = {}, ["識"] = {"sih"}, ["譙"] = {}, ["譚"] = {"táng"}, ["譛"] = {"chiáng"}, ["譜"] = {"pô"}, ["譝"] = {}, ["譞"] = {"se̤ng"}, ["譟"] = {}, ["譠"] = {}, ["譣"] = {}, ["譥"] = {}, ["警"] = {"gîng", "gi̍ng"}, ["譨"] = {}, ["譪"] = {}, ["譬"] = {"pih", "pi̍"}, ["譯"] = {"i̍h"}, ["議"] = {"gî", "gī"}, ["譴"] = {"kêng"}, ["護"] = {"hō", "ō"}, ["譸"] = {}, ["譹"] = {}, ["譺"] = {}, ["譻"] = {}, ["譽"] = {"ṳ̄"}, ["譾"] = {}, ["讀"] = {"ta̍h", "to̤̍h"}, ["讂"] = {}, ["讄"] = {}, ["讆"] = {}, ["變"] = {"be̍ng", "bi̍ng"}, ["讋"] = {}, ["讌"] = {}, ["讎"] = {}, ["讒"] = {"cháng"}, ["讓"] = {"cā̤uⁿ", "ciō̤ng"}, ["讔"] = {}, ["讕"] = {}, ["讖"] = {"che̍ng"}, ["讘"] = {}, ["讙"] = {}, ["讚"] = {"ca̍ng"}, ["讜"] = {}, ["讞"] = {}, ["讟"] = {}, ["谷"] = {"go̤h"}, ["谹"] = {}, ["谻"] = {}, ["谼"] = {}, ["谽"] = {}, ["谾"] = {}, ["谿"] = {"ka̤"}, ["豁"] = {}, ["豃"] = {}, ["豅"] = {"láng"}, ["豆"] = {"dāu", "dā̤u"}, ["豇"] = {}, ["豈"] = {"kî"}, ["豉"] = {"sī"}, ["豋"] = {}, ["豌"] = {"uâⁿ"}, ["豍"] = {}, ["豎"] = {"sṳ̄"}, ["豏"] = {}, ["豐"] = {"po̤ng", "ho̤ng"}, ["豔"] = {"e̍ng", "iāng"}, ["豕"] = {"sî"}, ["豗"] = {}, ["豚"] = {"teóng"}, ["豛"] = {"to̤h"}, ["豜"] = {}, ["豝"] = {}, ["豟"] = {}, ["象"] = {"chā̤uⁿ", "siō̤ng"}, ["豢"] = {"huāng", "hua̍ng"}, ["豤"] = {}, ["豥"] = {}, ["豦"] = {}, ["豨"] = {"hi"}, ["豪"] = {"hó̤"}, ["豫"] = {"ṳ̄"}, ["豬"] = {"dṳ"}, ["豭"] = {}, ["豯"] = {}, ["豰"] = {}, ["豱"] = {}, ["豲"] = {}, ["豳"] = {}, ["豵"] = {}, ["豷"] = {}, ["豶"] = {}, ["豸"] = {"dāi"}, ["豹"] = {"ba̍u"}, ["豺"] = {"chái", "cái"}, ["豻"] = {}, ["豽"] = {}, ["貀"] = {}, ["貁"] = {}, ["貂"] = {"da̤u"}, ["貄"] = {}, ["貅"] = {"hiu"}, ["貆"] = {"huáng"}, ["貉"] = {}, ["貊"] = {}, ["貌"] = {"bāu"}, ["貍"] = {}, ["貏"] = {}, ["貑"] = {}, ["貒"] = {}, ["貓"] = {"mau", "mó̤", "bá̤u", "na̤u"}, ["貔"] = {}, ["貕"] = {}, ["貗"] = {}, ["貘"] = {}, ["貙"] = {}, ["貜"] = {}, ["貝"] = {"bo̍i"}, ["貞"] = {"cing"}, ["負"] = {"hū"}, ["財"] = {"cái"}, ["貢"] = {"go̤̍ng"}, ["貣"] = {}, ["貤"] = {}, ["貧"] = {"bíng"}, ["貨"] = {"ho̤̍", "heo̍"}, ["販"] = {"hua̍ng"}, ["貪"] = {"tang"}, ["貫"] = {"gua̍ng"}, ["責"] = {"ceh"}, ["貯"] = {"dâ̤u", "dâ̤uⁿ", "tṳ̂"}, ["貰"] = {}, ["貲"] = {"cheó"}, ["貳"] = {"cī"}, ["貴"] = {"gu̍i"}, ["貶"] = {"bêng"}, ["買"] = {"bâ̤", "mâi"}, ["貸"] = {"da̍i"}, ["貺"] = {}, ["費"] = {"bi̍", "hi̍", "ha̤̍"}, ["貼"] = {"tiah", "tā̤"}, ["貽"] = {}, ["貾"] = {}, ["貿"] = {"bá̤u", "bā̤u"}, ["賀"] = {"hō̤", "heō"}, ["賁"] = {}, ["賂"] = {"lō"}, ["賃"] = {"cīng"}, ["賄"] = {"hôi"}, ["賅"] = {}, ["資"] = {"ceo"}, ["賈"] = {"gâ", "gô"}, ["賊"] = {"che̍h", "ce̍h"}, ["賌"] = {}, ["賑"] = {"cîng"}, ["賒"] = {"sia"}, ["賓"] = {"bing"}, ["賕"] = {"giú"}, ["賙"] = {}, ["賚"] = {}, ["賜"] = {"seo̍"}, ["賞"] = {"sâ̤uⁿ", "siô̤ng"}, ["賟"] = {}, ["賠"] = {"bói"}, ["賡"] = {}, ["賢"] = {"héng"}, ["賣"] = {"bā̤", "māi"}, ["賤"] = {"cēng", "ciō̤ⁿ"}, ["賥"] = {}, ["賦"] = {"hu̍"}, ["賨"] = {}, ["質"] = {"cih"}, ["賬"] = {}, ["賭"] = {"dô"}, ["賮"] = {}, ["賴"] = {"lāi", "luā"}, ["賵"] = {}, ["賸"] = {}, ["賺"] = {"dō̤ⁿ", "cuāng"}, ["賻"] = {}, ["購"] = {"ga̤̍u"}, ["賽"] = {"se̤̍"}, ["賾"] = {}, ["贄"] = {}, ["贅"] = {"co̍i", "co̍iⁿ"}, ["贆"] = {}, ["贇"] = {}, ["贈"] = {"cēng"}, ["贊"] = {"ca̍ng"}, ["贍"] = {"siāng"}, ["贏"] = {"ió̤ⁿ"}, ["𧸖"] = {"dō̤ⁿ"}, ["贐"] = {}, ["贓"] = {"co̤ng", "cng"}, ["贔"] = {}, ["贕"] = {}, ["贖"] = {"se̤̍h"}, ["贗"] = {}, ["贙"] = {}, ["贛"] = {"go̤̍ng"}, ["赤"] = {"chih", "chiā"}, ["赦"] = {"sia̍", "di̍h"}, ["赧"] = {"nâng"}, ["赨"] = {}, ["赩"] = {"hih", "heh"}, ["赫"] = {"heh", "he̍h"}, ["赬"] = {}, ["赭"] = {}, ["赮"] = {}, ["走"] = {"câu", "câ̤u", "cô"}, ["赳"] = {}, ["赴"] = {"hu̍"}, ["赶"] = {}, ["起"] = {"kî", "î"}, ["赸"] = {}, ["𧺤"] = {"kiú"}, ["趀"] = {}, ["趁"] = {"te̍ng", "chīng"}, ["趄"] = {"cṳ"}, ["超"] = {"ta̤̍u", "ta̤u"}, ["越"] = {"hio̤̍h*", "e̤̍h"}, ["趌"] = {}, ["趍"] = {}, ["趎"] = {}, ["趏"] = {}, ["趑"] = {}, ["趓"] = {}, ["趔"] = {"le̍h"}, ["趕"] = {"guâⁿ", "gâng"}, ["趙"] = {"dā̤u"}, ["趜"] = {}, ["趟"] = {"ta̍ng"}, ["趠"] = {}, ["趡"] = {}, ["趣"] = {"chṳ̍"}, ["趥"] = {}, ["趧"] = {}, ["趨"] = {"chṳ"}, ["趪"] = {}, ["趫"] = {}, ["趬"] = {}, ["趭"] = {}, ["䟉"] = {"cho̤̍h"}, ["趮"] = {}, ["趯"] = {}, ["趲"] = {}, ["足"] = {"ce̤h"}, ["䟓"] = {"daⁿ"}, ["䟔"] = {"peoh"}, ["趴"] = {"pah"}, ["趵"] = {"ba̍u"}, ["趷"] = {}, ["趹"] = {}, ["趺"] = {}, ["趻"] = {"tîng"}, ["趽"] = {"bo̤ng"}, ["趾"] = {"cî"}, ["趿"] = {}, ["跂"] = {"gôi"}, ["跅"] = {}, ["跆"] = {}, ["跇"] = {}, ["跈"] = {}, ["跋"] = {"ba̍h", "bua̍h*", "bua̍h"}, ["跌"] = {"teh", "de̍h"}, ["跍"] = {"kú"}, ["跎"] = {}, ["跏"] = {}, ["跐"] = {}, ["跑"] = {"pâu"}, ["跓"] = {}, ["跔"] = {"gu"}, ["跕"] = {}, ["跖"] = {"cî"}, ["跗"] = {}, ["跘"] = {}, ["跙"] = {}, ["跚"] = {}, ["跛"] = {"bâi"}, ["跜"] = {}, ["距"] = {"gṳ̄"}, ["𧿳"] = {"peoh"}, ["趼"] = {"ngâ̤"}, ["跟"] = {"gṳng", "geng"}, ["跠"] = {}, ["跡"] = {"ciā", "cih"}, ["跢"] = {}, ["跣"] = {}, ["跤"] = {"ko̤"}, ["跦"] = {"cí"}, ["跧"] = {}, ["跨"] = {"kua̍"}, ["跩"] = {"sā̤"}, ["跪"] = {"gūi", "kôi"}, ["跫"] = {}, ["跬"] = {}, ["跮"] = {}, ["路"] = {"lō", "dō"}, ["跰"] = {}, ["跱"] = {}, ["跲"] = {}, ["跳"] = {"dá̤u", "ta̤̍u"}, ["跶"] = {"da̍h"}, ["跺"] = {}, ["跼"] = {}, ["跽"] = {"gī"}, ["跾"] = {}, ["跿"] = {}, ["踂"] = {}, ["踃"] = {}, ["踅"] = {"co̤̍h*"}, ["踆"] = {}, ["踇"] = {}, ["踉"] = {}, ["踊"] = {}, ["踍"] = {}, ["踏"] = {"do̤̍h*", "da̍h", "do̤̍h", "ta̍h"}, ["踐"] = {"cēng"}, ["踑"] = {}, ["踒"] = {"ôi"}, ["踓"] = {}, ["踔"] = {"do̤h"}, ["踕"] = {}, ["踖"] = {}, ["踘"] = {}, ["踙"] = {}, ["踛"] = {}, ["踝"] = {"hói"}, ["踞"] = {"gṳ̍"}, ["踟"] = {}, ["踠"] = {}, ["踡"] = {}, ["踢"] = {"teh"}, ["踣"] = {}, ["踤"] = {}, ["踥"] = {}, ["踦"] = {}, ["踧"] = {}, ["踩"] = {"cha̍i"}, ["踮"] = {}, ["踫"] = {}, ["踰"] = {}, ["踱"] = {"dō"}, ["踳"] = {}, ["踴"] = {}, ["踵"] = {}, ["踶"] = {}, ["踸"] = {}, ["踹"] = {}, ["踼"] = {"tō̤ng"}, ["踽"] = {"gṳ̂"}, ["踾"] = {}, ["蹀"] = {}, ["蹁"] = {}, ["蹂"] = {"diú"}, ["蹄"] = {"dá̤"}, ["蹅"] = {}, ["𨂰"] = {"kā̤"}, ["蹇"] = {}, ["蹈"] = {"dō̤"}, ["蹉"] = {"cheo", "cho̤"}, ["蹊"] = {"ka̤", "há̤"}, ["蹋"] = {"tah"}, ["蹌"] = {"chio̤̍ng", "cho̤ng"}, ["蹍"] = {}, ["蹎"] = {}, ["蹐"] = {}, ["蹓"] = {}, ["蹔"] = {}, ["蹕"] = {}, ["蹖"] = {}, ["蹗"] = {}, ["蹙"] = {"chō̤"}, ["蹚"] = {}, ["蹛"] = {"dua̍"}, ["蹜"] = {}, ["蹝"] = {}, ["蹞"] = {}, ["蹟"] = {}, ["蹠"] = {}, ["蹡"] = {}, ["蹢"] = {}, ["蹣"] = {}, ["蹤"] = {"co̤ng"}, ["蹥"] = {"le̍ng"}, ["蹦"] = {}, ["蹧"] = {}, ["蹩"] = {}, ["蹪"] = {}, ["蹬"] = {}, ["蹭"] = {}, ["蹯"] = {}, ["蹲"] = {"ché̤ⁿ", "deong"}, ["蹳"] = {}, ["蹴"] = {}, ["蹶"] = {}, ["蹸"] = {}, ["蹺"] = {}, ["蹻"] = {"ka̤u"}, ["蹼"] = {"po̤h"}, ["蹾"] = {"ché̤ⁿ", "deong"}, ["𨅠"] = {"kôi"}, ["躁"] = {}, ["躂"] = {}, ["躄"] = {}, ["躅"] = {}, ["躆"] = {}, ["躇"] = {"dṳ́"}, ["躈"] = {}, ["躉"] = {"deông"}, ["躊"] = {}, ["躋"] = {"cí"}, ["躍"] = {"e̤̍h", "sa̤u̍h*", "ā̤u", "io̤̍h"}, ["躐"] = {}, ["躑"] = {}, ["躒"] = {}, ["躓"] = {}, ["躔"] = {}, ["躕"] = {"chṳ́"}, ["躖"] = {}, ["躗"] = {}, ["躚"] = {}, ["躞"] = {}, ["躟"] = {}, ["躠"] = {}, ["躡"] = {"ne̤h", "nī", "niah"}, ["躣"] = {}, ["躤"] = {}, ["躥"] = {"chua̍ng"}, ["躦"] = {"ché̤ⁿ"}, ["躩"] = {}, ["躪"] = {}, ["躨"] = {}, ["身"] = {"sing"}, ["躬"] = {}, ["𨈘"] = {"sâu"}, ["躲"] = {"deó", "dô̤"}, ["躷"] = {"â̤"}, ["躺"] = {"tô̤ng"}, ["躽"] = {}, ["軀"] = {"kṳ"}, ["車"] = {"chia", "gṳ"}, ["軋"] = {"gah", "ah", "cah"}, ["軌"] = {"gûi"}, ["軍"] = {"geong"}, ["軏"] = {}, ["軑"] = {}, ["軒"] = {"he̤ng"}, ["軓"] = {}, ["軔"] = {}, ["軘"] = {}, ["軛"] = {"eh"}, ["軝"] = {}, ["軞"] = {}, ["軟"] = {"nôi"}, ["軤"] = {"ho"}, ["軥"] = {}, ["軦"] = {}, ["軧"] = {}, ["軨"] = {}, ["軫"] = {}, ["軬"] = {}, ["軮"] = {}, ["軯"] = {}, ["軱"] = {}, ["軵"] = {}, ["軶"] = {}, ["軷"] = {}, ["軸"] = {"de̤̍h"}, ["軹"] = {"cî"}, ["軺"] = {}, ["軻"] = {"ko̤"}, ["軼"] = {}, ["軾"] = {"sih"}, ["軿"] = {"bíng"}, ["輀"] = {"cí"}, ["輁"] = {}, ["輂"] = {}, ["較"] = {"ga̍u"}, ["輅"] = {}, ["輆"] = {}, ["輇"] = {}, ["輈"] = {}, ["載"] = {"ca̍i", "câi"}, ["輊"] = {}, ["輋"] = {"sia"}, ["輐"] = {}, ["輑"] = {}, ["輒"] = {"ceh"}, ["輓"] = {}, ["輔"] = {"hū"}, ["輕"] = {"king"}, ["輖"] = {}, ["輗"] = {}, ["輘"] = {}, ["輚"] = {}, ["輛"] = {"liō̤ng"}, ["輜"] = {}, ["輝"] = {"hui"}, ["輞"] = {}, ["輟"] = {"de̤h"}, ["輠"] = {}, ["輣"] = {}, ["輤"] = {}, ["輥"] = {}, ["輦"] = {"lê̤ng"}, ["輩"] = {"bo̍i"}, ["輪"] = {"leóng"}, ["輫"] = {"bái"}, ["輬"] = {}, ["輮"] = {}, ["輯"] = {"chi̍h"}, ["輲"] = {}, ["輳"] = {}, ["輴"] = {}, ["輵"] = {}, ["輶"] = {"iú"}, ["輷"] = {}, ["輸"] = {"so", "sṳ"}, ["輹"] = {}, ["輻"] = {}, ["輾"] = {"têng"}, ["輿"] = {"ṳ́"}, ["轀"] = {}, ["轂"] = {"go̤h"}, ["轃"] = {}, ["轄"] = {"ha̍h", "hia̍h"}, ["轅"] = {"é̤ng"}, ["轆"] = {}, ["轇"] = {}, ["轈"] = {}, ["轉"] = {"dôiⁿ", "dê̤ng", "cuâng"}, ["轍"] = {"de̍h"}, ["轎"] = {"gā̤u"}, ["轏"] = {"cāng"}, ["轐"] = {}, ["轑"] = {}, ["轒"] = {}, ["轓"] = {}, ["轔"] = {}, ["轕"] = {}, ["轖"] = {}, ["轗"] = {}, ["轘"] = {"huáng", "huāng"}, ["轙"] = {}, ["轚"] = {}, ["轛"] = {}, ["轝"] = {}, ["轞"] = {}, ["轟"] = {"eng"}, ["轠"] = {}, ["轡"] = {}, ["轢"] = {"leh"}, ["轤"] = {}, ["辛"] = {"sing"}, ["辜"] = {"go"}, ["辟"] = {"bi̍h"}, ["辣"] = {"la̍h", "lua̍h*", "lua̍h"}, ["辦"] = {"bāng"}, ["辨"] = {"bēng"}, ["辭"] = {"sí", "seó"}, ["辮"] = {"bīng", "bēng"}, ["辯"] = {"bēng"}, ["辰"] = {"síng"}, ["辱"] = {"ce̤̍h"}, ["農"] = {"nó̤ng"}, ["辴"] = {}, ["巡"] = {"seóng"}, ["迂"] = {"ṳ"}, ["迄"] = {"gṳh", "ge̤h"}, ["迅"] = {"si̍ng"}, ["迆"] = {}, ["迉"] = {}, ["迋"] = {}, ["迍"] = {}, ["迎"] = {"ngiá", "ngíng", "ngṳ́ng"}, ["近"] = {"gṳ̄ng"}, ["迒"] = {}, ["迓"] = {"ngā", "gā"}, ["返"] = {"huâng"}, ["迕"] = {}, ["迖"] = {}, ["迡"] = {}, ["迢"] = {"tá̤u"}, ["迣"] = {}, ["迤"] = {"í"}, ["迥"] = {}, ["迦"] = {"gia", "ga"}, ["迨"] = {}, ["迪"] = {"de̍h"}, ["迫"] = {"peh"}, ["迭"] = {"dia̍h", "lia̍h"}, ["迮"] = {}, ["述"] = {"seo̍h"}, ["䢕"] = {"hua̍h", "hio̤̍h"}, ["迴"] = {"hói"}, ["迵"] = {"ta̍ng"}, ["迷"] = {"bá̤"}, ["迸"] = {}, ["迺"] = {}, ["迻"] = {}, ["追"] = {"dui"}, ["迾"] = {}, ["迿"] = {}, ["退"] = {"té̤", "te̤̍", "tu̍i", "to̍i"}, ["送"] = {"sa̍ng", "so̤̍ng"}, ["适"] = {}, ["逃"] = {"deó", "dó̤"}, ["逄"] = {}, ["逅"] = {"hā̤u"}, ["逆"] = {"gi̍h"}, ["逋"] = {}, ["逌"] = {}, ["逍"] = {}, ["透"] = {"ta̍u"}, ["逐"] = {"dah", "de̤̍h", "da̍h"}, ["逑"] = {"giú"}, ["途"] = {"dó"}, ["逕"] = {}, ["逖"] = {}, ["逗"] = {"dāu"}, ["這"] = {"cî", "ceh", "ciah"}, ["通"] = {"tang", "to̤ng"}, ["逛"] = {"go̤̍ng"}, ["逜"] = {}, ["逝"] = {"sā̤"}, ["逞"] = {"tîng"}, ["速"] = {"so̤h"}, ["造"] = {"cho̤̍"}, ["逡"] = {}, ["逢"] = {"hó̤ng", "bó̤ng"}, ["連"] = {"léng"}, ["逤"] = {}, ["逭"] = {"huāng"}, ["逮"] = {"dāi"}, ["逯"] = {}, ["週"] = {"ciu"}, ["進"] = {"ci̍ng"}, ["逴"] = {}, ["逵"] = {"gí"}, ["逶"] = {}, ["逸"] = {"i̍h"}, ["逼"] = {"peh"}, ["逾"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["逿"] = {}, ["遁"] = {"deōng"}, ["遂"] = {"sūi"}, ["遄"] = {}, ["遇"] = {"gṳ̄"}, ["遊"] = {"iú"}, ["運"] = {"eōng"}, ["遍"] = {"be̍ng", "pe̍ng"}, ["過"] = {"go̤̍", "geo̍", "go̍i", "eo̍", "o̍i", "gua"}, ["遏"] = {"ah"}, ["遐"] = {"há"}, ["遑"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["遒"] = {"iú"}, ["道"] = {"dō̤", "lō̤"}, ["達"] = {"da̍h"}, ["違"] = {"úi"}, ["遘"] = {"ga̍u"}, ["遙"] = {"á̤u"}, ["遛"] = {"liu"}, ["遜"] = {"seo̍ng"}, ["遝"] = {}, ["遞"] = {"dā̤"}, ["遠"] = {"hōiⁿ", "ê̤ng", "ē̤ng"}, ["遢"] = {}, ["遣"] = {"kêng"}, ["遨"] = {}, ["適"] = {"sih"}, ["遭"] = {"co̤"}, ["遮"] = {"cia"}, ["遯"] = {}, ["遰"] = {}, ["遳"] = {}, ["遲"] = {"ní", "dí"}, ["遴"] = {}, ["遵"] = {"ceong"}, ["遶"] = {}, ["遷"] = {"cheng"}, ["選"] = {"sê̤ng", "tôiⁿ"}, ["遹"] = {"ṳ̍h"}, ["遺"] = {"í", "ī"}, ["遻"] = {}, ["遼"] = {"lá̤u"}, ["邆"] = {}, ["遽"] = {}, ["遾"] = {}, ["避"] = {"piā", "pih"}, ["邀"] = {"ha̤u"}, ["邁"] = {"māi"}, ["邂"] = {"hāi"}, ["邃"] = {}, ["還"] = {"há̤ⁿ", "hái", "hé̤ⁿ", "huáng", "sé̤ng"}, ["邅"] = {}, ["邇"] = {"cî"}, ["邈"] = {"bâ̤u"}, ["邊"] = {"beng", "bing"}, ["邋"] = {}, ["邍"] = {}, ["邏"] = {"leó", "leō"}, ["邐"] = {"lî"}, ["邑"] = {"ih"}, ["邔"] = {}, ["邕"] = {}, ["邗"] = {}, ["邘"] = {}, ["邙"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["邛"] = {}, ["邞"] = {}, ["邟"] = {}, ["邠"] = {}, ["邡"] = {}, ["邢"] = {"híng"}, ["那"] = {"nâ", "ná"}, ["邥"] = {}, ["邦"] = {"bang"}, ["邧"] = {}, ["邪"] = {"siá"}, ["邯"] = {"háng"}, ["邰"] = {}, ["邱"] = {"kiu", "ku"}, ["邲"] = {}, ["邳"] = {}, ["邴"] = {}, ["邵"] = {"sā̤u"}, ["邶"] = {}, ["邸"] = {"dâ̤"}, ["邽"] = {}, ["邾"] = {}, ["邿"] = {}, ["郁"] = {"e̤h"}, ["郃"] = {}, ["郅"] = {}, ["郇"] = {"seóng", "huáng"}, ["郈"] = {"hā̤u"}, ["郊"] = {"gau"}, ["郋"] = {}, ["郎"] = {"ló̤ng", "lńg"}, ["郔"] = {}, ["郕"] = {}, ["郖"] = {}, ["郗"] = {}, ["郘"] = {}, ["郙"] = {}, ["郚"] = {}, ["郛"] = {}, ["郜"] = {"ko̤h"}, ["郝"] = {}, ["郟"] = {}, ["郠"] = {}, ["郡"] = {"geōng"}, ["郢"] = {}, ["郣"] = {}, ["郤"] = {}, ["郥"] = {}, ["部"] = {"bō"}, ["郪"] = {}, ["郫"] = {}, ["郭"] = {"go̤h", "geō"}, ["郯"] = {}, ["郰"] = {}, ["郱"] = {}, ["郲"] = {}, ["郳"] = {}, ["郴"] = {"ting"}, ["郵"] = {"iú"}, ["郹"] = {}, ["郺"] = {}, ["郻"] = {}, ["郼"] = {}, ["都"] = {"deo", "do"}, ["郾"] = {}, ["郿"] = {}, ["鄀"] = {"cio̤̍h"}, ["鄁"] = {}, ["鄂"] = {"go̤h", "go̤̍h"}, ["鄃"] = {"sṳ"}, ["鄄"] = {}, ["鄅"] = {}, ["鄆"] = {}, ["鄇"] = {}, ["鄈"] = {}, ["鄉"] = {"ha̤uⁿ", "hio̤ng"}, ["鄋"] = {}, ["鄍"] = {}, ["鄎"] = {}, ["鄏"] = {"ce̤̍h"}, ["鄐"] = {}, ["鄑"] = {}, ["鄒"] = {"ca̤u"}, ["鄔"] = {}, ["鄖"] = {}, ["鄗"] = {}, ["鄘"] = {}, ["鄙"] = {"pî"}, ["鄚"] = {}, ["鄛"] = {}, ["鄜"] = {}, ["鄝"] = {}, ["鄞"] = {}, ["鄟"] = {}, ["鄠"] = {"hō"}, ["鄡"] = {}, ["鄢"] = {}, ["鄣"] = {"cio̤ng"}, ["鄤"] = {}, ["鄦"] = {}, ["鄧"] = {"de̍ng"}, ["鄨"] = {}, ["鄩"] = {"síng"}, ["鄪"] = {}, ["鄫"] = {}, ["鄬"] = {}, ["鄭"] = {"dāⁿ", "dīng"}, ["鄮"] = {}, ["鄯"] = {}, ["鄰"] = {"líng"}, ["鄱"] = {}, ["鄲"] = {"dang"}, ["鄳"] = {}, ["鄴"] = {}, ["鄵"] = {}, ["鄶"] = {}, ["鄸"] = {}, ["鄹"] = {}, ["鄺"] = {}, ["鄻"] = {}, ["鄾"] = {"iu"}, ["酀"] = {}, ["酁"] = {}, ["酃"] = {}, ["酄"] = {}, ["酅"] = {"há̤"}, ["酆"] = {}, ["酇"] = {"ca̍ng", "cheo̍"}, ["酈"] = {}, ["酉"] = {"iû"}, ["酊"] = {"deng"}, ["酋"] = {"chiú", "siú"}, ["酌"] = {"cio̤h"}, ["配"] = {"po̍i"}, ["酎"] = {}, ["酏"] = {}, ["酐"] = {"gang"}, ["酒"] = {"ciû"}, ["䣭"] = {"iú"}, ["酓"] = {}, ["酖"] = {}, ["酗"] = {"ṳ̍"}, ["酘"] = {}, ["酚"] = {}, ["酟"] = {}, ["酡"] = {}, ["酢"] = {"cō"}, ["酣"] = {"hang"}, ["酤"] = {}, ["酥"] = {"so"}, ["酨"] = {}, ["酩"] = {"mîng"}, ["酪"] = {}, ["酬"] = {"siú"}, ["酮"] = {}, ["酯"] = {"cî"}, ["酲"] = {}, ["酳"] = {}, ["酴"] = {}, ["酵"] = {"go̤̍", "ga̍u", "hau"}, ["酶"] = {"bói"}, ["酷"] = {"ko̤h"}, ["酸"] = {"so̤ⁿ", "se̤ⁿ", "suang"}, ["酹"] = {}, ["酺"] = {}, ["醁"] = {}, ["醃"] = {"iang"}, ["醅"] = {}, ["醆"] = {}, ["醇"] = {"seóng"}, ["醉"] = {"cu̍i"}, ["醊"] = {}, ["醋"] = {"cho̍"}, ["醍"] = {"dá̤"}, ["醐"] = {}, ["醑"] = {"sṳ"}, ["醒"] = {"châⁿ", "sîng"}, ["醓"] = {}, ["醖"] = {"eōng"}, ["醙"] = {}, ["醚"] = {}, ["醛"] = {"cé̤ng"}, ["醜"] = {"chiû"}, ["醞"] = {"eông"}, ["醟"] = {}, ["醡"] = {"ca̍"}, ["醢"] = {}, ["醣"] = {"tó̤ng"}, ["醥"] = {}, ["醧"] = {}, ["醨"] = {}, ["醪"] = {}, ["醫"] = {"i"}, ["醬"] = {"ca̤̍uⁿ", "cio̤̍ng"}, ["醭"] = {"pū"}, ["醮"] = {"ca̤u"}, ["醯"] = {"ha̤"}, ["醰"] = {}, ["醱"] = {"puah", "huah"}, ["醲"] = {}, ["醳"] = {}, ["醴"] = {"lî"}, ["醵"] = {}, ["醷"] = {}, ["醹"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["醺"] = {"heong"}, ["醼"] = {}, ["醽"] = {}, ["醾"] = {}, ["釀"] = {"ciō̤ng"}, ["釁"] = {"hṳ̍ng"}, ["釂"] = {}, ["釃"] = {"se̤"}, ["釅"] = {}, ["釆"] = {}, ["采"] = {"châi"}, ["釉"] = {"iū"}, ["釋"] = {"sih"}, ["里"] = {"dî", "lî", "lī"}, ["重"] = {"dāng", "dé̤ng", "dē̤ng"}, ["野"] = {"iâ"}, ["量"] = {"ná̤u", "liō̤ng", "nā̤u", "lió̤ng"}, ["釐"] = {"lí"}, ["金"] = {"ging"}, ["釔"] = {}, ["釕"] = {}, ["釗"] = {"ca̤u"}, ["釘"] = {"deng", "de̍ng"}, ["釙"] = {}, ["釜"] = {"hû"}, ["針"] = {"ciang"}, ["釢"] = {}, ["釣"] = {"da̤̍u"}, ["釤"] = {"sang"}, ["釦"] = {}, ["釧"] = {"che̤̍ng"}, ["釩"] = {}, ["釬"] = {}, ["釭"] = {}, ["釱"] = {}, ["釳"] = {}, ["釴"] = {}, ["釵"] = {"chai", "cho̤"}, ["釸"] = {}, ["釹"] = {}, ["釺"] = {"chiang"}, ["釽"] = {}, ["釿"] = {}, ["鈀"] = {}, ["鈁"] = {}, ["鈃"] = {"híng"}, ["鈄"] = {"dâ̤u"}, ["鈆"] = {}, ["鈇"] = {}, ["鈉"] = {"da̍h"}, ["鈊"] = {}, ["鈌"] = {}, ["鈍"] = {"deong", "deōng"}, ["鈎"] = {"gau"}, ["鈏"] = {}, ["鈐"] = {"kiáng"}, ["鈑"] = {}, ["鈒"] = {}, ["鈔"] = {"chau"}, ["鈕"] = {"diû"}, ["鈚"] = {}, ["鈞"] = {"gṳng"}, ["鈣"] = {"ga̍i"}, ["鈥"] = {}, ["鈦"] = {}, ["鈮"] = {}, ["鈰"] = {}, ["鈳"] = {}, ["鈴"] = {"léng", "liáng"}, ["鈶"] = {}, ["鈷"] = {}, ["鈸"] = {}, ["鈹"] = {"pí"}, ["鈺"] = {}, ["鈽"] = {}, ["鈾"] = {"iū", "iú"}, ["鈿"] = {"dēng", "déng"}, ["鉀"] = {"gah"}, ["鉅"] = {}, ["鉆"] = {}, ["鉈"] = {}, ["鉉"] = {"hē̤ng"}, ["鉊"] = {}, ["鉋"] = {}, ["鉍"] = {}, ["鉎"] = {"seng", "saⁿ"}, ["鉏"] = {}, ["鉑"] = {}, ["鉒"] = {}, ["鉕"] = {"pô̤"}, ["鉗"] = {"kiáng"}, ["鉚"] = {"bâu"}, ["鉛"] = {"cóiⁿ", "é̤ng"}, ["鉞"] = {}, ["鉠"] = {}, ["鉤"] = {"gau", "ga̤u"}, ["鉥"] = {}, ["鉦"] = {}, ["鉧"] = {}, ["鉬"] = {"bo̤̍h"}, ["鉭"] = {}, ["鉯"] = {}, ["鉶"] = {}, ["鉸"] = {"go̤", "ko̤̍"}, ["鉹"] = {}, ["鉺"] = {"cî"}, ["鉻"] = {}, ["鉿"] = {}, ["銀"] = {"ngṳ́ng"}, ["銃"] = {"chē̤ng"}, ["銅"] = {"dáng", "dó̤ng"}, ["銍"] = {}, ["銎"] = {}, ["銑"] = {}, ["銓"] = {}, ["銔"] = {}, ["銖"] = {}, ["銗"] = {}, ["銘"] = {"míng"}, ["銚"] = {}, ["銛"] = {}, ["銜"] = {"gó̤ⁿ", "gáng"}, ["銠"] = {}, ["銣"] = {}, ["銤"] = {}, ["銥"] = {}, ["銦"] = {}, ["銨"] = {"âng"}, ["銪"] = {}, ["銫"] = {"seh"}, ["銬"] = {"ka̍u", "ko̤̍"}, ["銲"] = {}, ["銳"] = {"cōi"}, ["銶"] = {"giú"}, ["銷"] = {"sa̤u"}, ["銹"] = {"siu̍"}, ["銻"] = {}, ["銼"] = {"chuā"}, ["鋀"] = {}, ["鋁"] = {"lṳ̂"}, ["鋂"] = {}, ["鋃"] = {}, ["鋄"] = {}, ["鋅"] = {}, ["鋇"] = {}, ["鋈"] = {}, ["鋊"] = {}, ["鋋"] = {}, ["鋌"] = {}, ["鋏"] = {}, ["鋐"] = {"héng"}, ["鋒"] = {"ho̤ng"}, ["鋗"] = {"ge̤ng"}, ["鋘"] = {}, ["鋙"] = {}, ["鋝"] = {}, ["鋟"] = {"chia̍ng"}, ["鋤"] = {"tṳ́", "cé̤"}, ["鋨"] = {}, ["鋩"] = {"má", "mó̤ng"}, ["鋪"] = {"po", "po̍"}, ["鋮"] = {}, ["鋯"] = {}, ["鋰"] = {"lî"}, ["鋱"] = {}, ["鉼"] = {}, ["鋸"] = {"gṳ̍"}, ["鋼"] = {"go̤ng", "gn̍g"}, ["錁"] = {"gô̤"}, ["錄"] = {"le̤̍h"}, ["錆"] = {}, ["錈"] = {}, ["錍"] = {}, ["錎"] = {}, ["錏"] = {}, ["錐"] = {"cui"}, ["錒"] = {}, ["錕"] = {}, ["錘"] = {"túi"}, ["錙"] = {}, ["錚"] = {}, ["錛"] = {}, ["錞"] = {}, ["錟"] = {"dáng", "siáng"}, ["錠"] = {}, ["錡"] = {}, ["錢"] = {"cíng", "céng"}, ["錣"] = {}, ["錦"] = {"gîng"}, ["錧"] = {}, ["錫"] = {"siā", "sah", "sih"}, ["錭"] = {}, ["錮"] = {"go̍"}, ["錯"] = {"cho̤h"}, ["錳"] = {"mêng"}, ["錶"] = {"bâ̤u"}, ["錸"] = {}, ["錼"] = {}, ["鍀"] = {"deh"}, ["鍆"] = {}, ["锭"] = {"dēng"}, ["錨"] = {}, ["鍇"] = {"kâi"}, ["鍉"] = {}, ["鍊"] = {"lē̤ng"}, ["鍋"] = {"eo", "geo"}, ["鍌"] = {}, ["鍍"] = {"dō"}, ["鍐"] = {}, ["鍑"] = {}, ["鍔"] = {}, ["鍖"] = {}, ["鍘"] = {"ca̍h", "co̤̍h*", "co̤̍h"}, ["鍚"] = {}, ["鍛"] = {"duāng"}, ["鍜"] = {}, ["鍠"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["鍤"] = {"chiâ"}, ["鍥"] = {}, ["鍪"] = {"báu"}, ["鍬"] = {"cha̤u"}, ["鍭"] = {}, ["鍰"] = {}, ["鍵"] = {"gē̤ng"}, ["鍶"] = {}, ["鍺"] = {}, ["鍼"] = {}, ["鍾"] = {"ce̤ng"}, ["鎂"] = {"bî"}, ["鎃"] = {}, ["鎉"] = {}, ["鎊"] = {}, ["鎌"] = {}, ["鎎"] = {}, ["鎏"] = {}, ["鎒"] = {}, ["鎔"] = {}, ["鎖"] = {"seô", "sô̤"}, ["鎗"] = {}, ["鎘"] = {}, ["鎚"] = {}, ["鎛"] = {}, ["鎝"] = {}, ["鎞"] = {}, ["鎡"] = {}, ["鎢"] = {"o"}, ["鎦"] = {}, ["鎧"] = {}, ["鎪"] = {}, ["鎬"] = {}, ["鎮"] = {"di̍ng"}, ["鎯"] = {}, ["鎰"] = {}, ["鎳"] = {}, ["鎵"] = {"ga"}, ["鎷"] = {}, ["鎩"] = {}, ["鏂"] = {}, ["鏃"] = {}, ["鏇"] = {}, ["鏈"] = {"lē̤ng"}, ["鏊"] = {}, ["鏌"] = {}, ["鏍"] = {}, ["鏏"] = {}, ["鏐"] = {}, ["鏑"] = {}, ["鏖"] = {}, ["鏗"] = {"keng"}, ["鏘"] = {}, ["鏙"] = {}, ["鏚"] = {}, ["鏜"] = {}, ["鏝"] = {"māng"}, ["鏞"] = {}, ["鏟"] = {"châng", "chiâⁿ"}, ["鏡"] = {"gia̍ⁿ", "gi̍ng"}, ["鏢"] = {"ba̤u"}, ["鏤"] = {}, ["鏦"] = {}, ["鏨"] = {"cāng"}, ["鏬"] = {}, ["鏹"] = {}, ["䥕"] = {"peh"}, ["䥛"] = {"gā̤"}, ["鏵"] = {"huá"}, ["鏷"] = {"po̤h"}, ["鏻"] = {}, ["鏽"] = {"siu̍"}, ["鏾"] = {}, ["鐀"] = {}, ["鐃"] = {}, ["鐄"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["鐇"] = {}, ["鐋"] = {}, ["鐍"] = {}, ["鐎"] = {}, ["鐏"] = {"ceong"}, ["鐐"] = {}, ["鐓"] = {}, ["鐔"] = {}, ["鐕"] = {}, ["鐖"] = {}, ["鐘"] = {"ce̤ng"}, ["鐙"] = {"de̍ng"}, ["鐠"] = {"pô"}, ["鐧"] = {"ga̍ng"}, ["鐨"] = {}, ["䥥"] = {"lá̤ⁿ"}, ["鐫"] = {}, ["鐮"] = {"liáng"}, ["鐲"] = {"seo̍h*", "leo̍h*", "seó"}, ["鐳"] = {"lui", "lúi"}, ["鐵"] = {"tī", "teh"}, ["鐶"] = {"huáng"}, ["鐸"] = {"do̤̍h"}, ["鐺"] = {"do̤ng", "chio̤ng"}, ["鐻"] = {}, ["鐿"] = {"i̍"}, ["鑄"] = {"co̍", "cṳ̍"}, ["鑊"] = {}, ["鑋"] = {}, ["鑌"] = {}, ["鑐"] = {}, ["鑑"] = {"ga̍ng"}, ["鑒"] = {"ga̍ng"}, ["鑔"] = {"chuā"}, ["鑕"] = {}, ["鑠"] = {}, ["鑢"] = {"le̤̍", "lṳ̄"}, ["鑣"] = {}, ["鑪"] = {}, ["鑫"] = {"hing"}, ["鑭"] = {}, ["鑮"] = {}, ["鑯"] = {}, ["鑰"] = {"e̤̍h", "a̤u̍h*", "a̤u̍h"}, ["鑱"] = {}, ["鑲"] = {"sa̤uⁿ", "sio̤ng"}, ["鑴"] = {}, ["鑶"] = {"có̤ng"}, ["鑷"] = {"niah"}, ["鑹"] = {"chua̍ng"}, ["鑼"] = {"leó", "ló̤"}, ["鑽"] = {"co̤̍ⁿ", "ce̤̍ⁿ", "cuang", "cua̍ng"}, ["鑾"] = {"luáng"}, ["鑿"] = {"cha̍h", "cho̤̍h"}, ["钀"] = {}, ["钁"] = {}, ["钂"] = {}, ["钃"] = {}, ["長"] = {"dâ̤uⁿ", "dā̤uⁿ", "diô̤ng", "dńg", "dió̤ng", "dá̤uⁿ"}, ["镺"] = {}, ["镻"] = {}, ["镼"] = {}, ["镽"] = {}, ["門"] = {"mói", "meóng"}, ["閂"] = {"che̤ng"}, ["閃"] = {"siâng"}, ["閆"] = {}, ["閈"] = {"ha̍ng"}, ["閉"] = {"ba̤̍"}, ["開"] = {"kai", "kui"}, ["閌"] = {}, ["閍"] = {}, ["閎"] = {"héng"}, ["閏"] = {"neōng"}, ["閑"] = {"háng"}, ["閒"] = {"á̤ⁿ", "háng"}, ["間"] = {"ga̤ⁿ", "gang", "ga̍ng"}, ["閔"] = {"mîng"}, ["閘"] = {"co̤̍h*", "ca̍h"}, ["閜"] = {}, ["閞"] = {}, ["閟"] = {}, ["閡"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["閣"] = {"go̤h"}, ["閤"] = {}, ["閥"] = {"hua̍h"}, ["閨"] = {"ga̤"}, ["閩"] = {"máng", "míng"}, ["閫"] = {}, ["閬"] = {}, ["閭"] = {"lṳ̂"}, ["閱"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["閵"] = {}, ["閶"] = {"chio̤ng"}, ["閹"] = {"iang"}, ["閺"] = {}, ["閻"] = {"ngiáng"}, ["閼"] = {}, ["閽"] = {}, ["閾"] = {"ṳ̍h"}, ["閿"] = {}, ["闀"] = {}, ["閷"] = {}, ["闃"] = {}, ["闅"] = {}, ["闆"] = {}, ["闇"] = {}, ["闈"] = {"úi"}, ["闉"] = {}, ["闊"] = {"kuā", "kuah"}, ["闋"] = {}, ["闌"] = {}, ["闍"] = {}, ["闐"] = {}, ["闑"] = {}, ["闒"] = {}, ["闓"] = {}, ["闔"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["闕"] = {"ke̤h"}, ["闖"] = {"chua̍ng"}, ["闚"] = {}, ["闛"] = {}, ["關"] = {"goiⁿ", "guang"}, ["闞"] = {}, ["闟"] = {}, ["闠"] = {}, ["闡"] = {"chêng"}, ["闢"] = {"bih"}, ["闤"] = {}, ["闥"] = {}, ["阜"] = {"hū"}, ["阞"] = {}, ["阠"] = {}, ["阡"] = {}, ["阢"] = {}, ["阤"] = {}, ["阧"] = {"dâ̤u"}, ["阨"] = {}, ["阪"] = {"bâng"}, ["阬"] = {}, ["阮"] = {"ôiⁿ", "uâng"}, ["阯"] = {}, ["阰"] = {}, ["阱"] = {}, ["防"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["阸"] = {}, ["阹"] = {}, ["阺"] = {}, ["阻"] = {"cê̤"}, ["阼"] = {"cō"}, ["阽"] = {"diang"}, ["阿"] = {"a", "ā", "o̤", "ah", "o̤h"}, ["陀"] = {}, ["陂"] = {"bi", "pí", "bo̤"}, ["附"] = {"hū"}, ["𨸺"] = {"ah"}, ["陊"] = {}, ["陋"] = {"lā̤u"}, ["陌"] = {"be̍h"}, ["降"] = {"ga̍ng", "háng"}, ["陏"] = {}, ["限"] = {"hāng"}, ["陑"] = {}, ["陓"] = {}, ["陔"] = {}, ["陘"] = {"híng"}, ["陛"] = {"bâ̤"}, ["陜"] = {}, ["陝"] = {"siâng"}, ["陞"] = {}, ["陟"] = {}, ["陡"] = {"dâ̤u"}, ["院"] = {"īng", "ē̤ng"}, ["陣"] = {"dīng"}, ["除"] = {"dṳ́"}, ["陪"] = {"bói"}, ["陫"] = {}, ["陬"] = {}, ["陭"] = {}, ["陰"] = {"ing"}, ["陲"] = {"súi"}, ["陳"] = {"déng", "díng"}, ["陴"] = {}, ["陵"] = {"líng"}, ["陶"] = {"dó̤"}, ["陷"] = {"hāng"}, ["陸"] = {"le̤̍h", "la̍h"}, ["䧘"] = {"dê̤ⁿ"}, ["陼"] = {}, ["陽"] = {"á̤uⁿ", "ió̤ng"}, ["陾"] = {}, ["隃"] = {}, ["隄"] = {}, ["隅"] = {"gṳ́"}, ["隆"] = {"lé̤ng"}, ["隇"] = {}, ["隈"] = {}, ["隉"] = {}, ["隊"] = {"dūi"}, ["隋"] = {"súi"}, ["隍"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["階"] = {"gai"}, ["隑"] = {}, ["隒"] = {}, ["隓"] = {}, ["隔"] = {"gā", "geh"}, ["隕"] = {"eông"}, ["隗"] = {}, ["隘"] = {"a̤̍"}, ["隙"] = {"kih"}, ["際"] = {"ca̤̍"}, ["障"] = {"cio̤̍ng"}, ["隞"] = {}, ["隤"] = {}, ["隥"] = {"ce̍ng"}, ["隧"] = {"sūi"}, ["隨"] = {"súi", "sói"}, ["隩"] = {}, ["險"] = {"hiâng"}, ["隮"] = {}, ["隰"] = {"sih"}, ["隱"] = {"ṳ̂ng"}, ["隳"] = {}, ["隴"] = {"láng", "lé̤ng", "lê̤ng"}, ["隸"] = {"dā̤", "lā̤"}, ["隹"] = {"cui"}, ["隻"] = {"ciā"}, ["隼"] = {"seông"}, ["隿"] = {}, ["雀"] = {"chio̤h", "ciā"}, ["雁"] = {"ngāng"}, ["雂"] = {}, ["雄"] = {"hé̤ng", "hó̤ng"}, ["雅"] = {"ngâ"}, ["集"] = {"ci̍h", "chi̍h"}, ["雇"] = {"go̍"}, ["雈"] = {}, ["雉"] = {"tī"}, ["雊"] = {"ga̤̍u"}, ["雋"] = {"ceo̍ng"}, ["雌"] = {"cheo", "cheó"}, ["雍"] = {"e̤ng"}, ["雎"] = {}, ["雒"] = {}, ["雓"] = {}, ["雔"] = {}, ["雕"] = {"da̤u"}, ["雖"] = {"sui"}, ["雗"] = {}, ["雘"] = {}, ["雙"] = {"sang", "so̤ng"}, ["雚"] = {}, ["雛"] = {"chṳ́", "chṳ"}, ["雜"] = {"ca̍h"}, ["雝"] = {}, ["雞"] = {"ga̤"}, ["雟"] = {}, ["離"] = {"lī", "lí"}, ["難"] = {"náng", "nāng"}, ["雨"] = {"hō", "ṳ̂"}, ["雩"] = {}, ["雪"] = {"sē̤", "se̤h"}, ["雯"] = {"meóng"}, ["雰"] = {}, ["雱"] = {}, ["雲"] = {"eóng"}, ["零"] = {"léng"}, ["雷"] = {"lúi"}, ["雹"] = {"pa̍h"}, ["雺"] = {"bó"}, ["電"] = {"dēng"}, ["雽"] = {}, ["雿"] = {}, ["需"] = {"sṳ"}, ["霂"] = {"bo̤̍h"}, ["霄"] = {"sa̤u"}, ["霅"] = {}, ["霆"] = {"déng"}, ["震"] = {"cîng"}, ["霈"] = {"po̍i"}, ["霉"] = {"bói"}, ["霋"] = {}, ["霍"] = {"ho̤h"}, ["霎"] = {"sah", "cah"}, ["霏"] = {"hi"}, ["霐"] = {}, ["霑"] = {"ciang"}, ["霒"] = {}, ["霓"] = {"gá̤"}, ["霖"] = {"líng"}, ["霜"] = {"sng", "so̤ng"}, ["霞"] = {"hó̤", "há", "gó̤", "ó̤"}, ["霠"] = {}, ["霢"] = {}, ["霣"] = {}, ["霤"] = {}, ["霧"] = {"bū"}, ["霩"] = {}, ["霪"] = {}, ["霫"] = {}, ["霬"] = {}, ["霭"] = {"ái"}, ["霮"] = {}, ["霰"] = {"se̍ng"}, ["露"] = {"lo̍"}, ["霵"] = {}, ["霸"] = {"ba̍"}, ["霹"] = {"pih"}, ["霽"] = {}, ["霾"] = {}, ["霿"] = {}, ["靂"] = {"le̍h"}, ["靃"] = {}, ["靄"] = {}, ["靆"] = {"dāi"}, ["靈"] = {"léng"}, ["靉"] = {"a̍i"}, ["青"] = {"chaⁿ", "ching"}, ["靖"] = {"cīng"}, ["靚"] = {}, ["靛"] = {"dēng"}, ["靜"] = {"sāⁿ", "cīng"}, ["非"] = {"hi"}, ["靠"] = {"ko̤̍", "kua̍"}, ["靡"] = {}, ["面"] = {"me̍ng", "mi̍ng"}, ["靦"] = {"mēng"}, ["靨"] = {}, ["革"] = {"geh"}, ["靪"] = {}, ["靬"] = {}, ["靮"] = {}, ["靰"] = {}, ["靲"] = {}, ["靳"] = {"gṳ̍ng"}, ["靴"] = {"hio̤"}, ["靶"] = {"bâ"}, ["靷"] = {}, ["靸"] = {}, ["靺"] = {}, ["靻"] = {}, ["靼"] = {"tah"}, ["靽"] = {}, ["靾"] = {}, ["鞀"] = {}, ["鞁"] = {"bī"}, ["鞂"] = {}, ["鞃"] = {}, ["鞄"] = {}, ["鞅"] = {}, ["鞈"] = {}, ["鞊"] = {}, ["鞋"] = {"á̤"}, ["鞍"] = {"uaⁿ", "ang"}, ["鞎"] = {}, ["鞏"] = {"kê̤ng"}, ["鞔"] = {}, ["鞗"] = {}, ["鞘"] = {"sa̤̍u"}, ["鞙"] = {}, ["鞚"] = {}, ["鞜"] = {}, ["鞞"] = {}, ["鞠"] = {"ge̤h"}, ["鞡"] = {}, ["鞣"] = {}, ["鞤"] = {}, ["鞥"] = {"eng"}, ["鞦"] = {"chiu"}, ["鞨"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["鞪"] = {}, ["鞫"] = {}, ["鞬"] = {}, ["鞭"] = {"beng"}, ["鞮"] = {}, ["鞳"] = {}, ["鞴"] = {"bī"}, ["鞶"] = {}, ["鞷"] = {}, ["鞹"] = {}, ["鞻"] = {}, ["鞿"] = {}, ["韁"] = {"gio̤ng"}, ["韃"] = {"tah"}, ["韄"] = {}, ["韅"] = {}, ["韆"] = {"cheng"}, ["韇"] = {}, ["韉"] = {}, ["韋"] = {"úi"}, ["韌"] = {"neōng", "cîng"}, ["韍"] = {}, ["韎"] = {}, ["韏"] = {}, ["韐"] = {}, ["韓"] = {"háng"}, ["韔"] = {}, ["韕"] = {"ko̤h"}, ["韗"] = {}, ["韙"] = {}, ["韜"] = {"to̤"}, ["韝"] = {}, ["韞"] = {"eông"}, ["韟"] = {}, ["韡"] = {}, ["𩏠"] = {"ta̍ⁿ"}, ["韣"] = {}, ["韥"] = {}, ["韭"] = {"gû", "giû"}, ["韰"] = {}, ["韱"] = {}, ["音"] = {"ing"}, ["竟"] = {"gīng", "gi̍ng"}, ["章"] = {"ca̤uⁿ", "cio̤ng"}, ["韶"] = {"sá̤u"}, ["韹"] = {}, ["韻"] = {"eōng"}, ["韽"] = {}, ["響"] = {"hâ̤uⁿ", "hiô̤ng"}, ["頁"] = {"ia̍h"}, ["頂"] = {"dêng"}, ["頃"] = {"kṳ̂ng"}, ["頄"] = {}, ["項"] = {"hāng"}, ["順"] = {"seōng"}, ["頇"] = {}, ["須"] = {"liu", "sṳ"}, ["頊"] = {"he̤h"}, ["頌"] = {"sē̤ng"}, ["頍"] = {}, ["頎"] = {}, ["頏"] = {}, ["預"] = {"ṳ̄"}, ["頑"] = {"nguáng"}, ["頒"] = {"bang"}, ["頓"] = {"do̤̍ⁿ", "deo̍ng", "de̤̍ⁿ"}, ["頖"] = {}, ["頗"] = {"pô̤"}, ["領"] = {"niâ", "lîng"}, ["頜"] = {"ha̍h", "go̤h", "hāng"}, ["頝"] = {}, ["頞"] = {}, ["頠"] = {}, ["頡"] = {}, ["頢"] = {"keo̍h"}, ["頦"] = {"gái"}, ["頨"] = {}, ["頩"] = {"piaⁿ", "ping"}, ["頫"] = {"hû"}, ["頤"] = {"í"}, ["頭"] = {"táu", "tá̤u"}, ["頯"] = {}, ["頰"] = {"giah"}, ["頲"] = {}, ["頵"] = {}, ["頷"] = {"áng"}, ["頸"] = {"gîng"}, ["頹"] = {}, ["頻"] = {"bíng"}, ["䫌"] = {"pâ̤", "bâ̤"}, ["顁"] = {}, ["顄"] = {}, ["顅"] = {}, ["顆"] = {"ko̤"}, ["顈"] = {}, ["顉"] = {}, ["顊"] = {}, ["題"] = {"dá̤"}, ["額"] = {"hiāⁿ", "ge̍h"}, ["顎"] = {"go̤̍h"}, ["顏"] = {"ngáng"}, ["顐"] = {}, ["顑"] = {}, ["顒"] = {}, ["顓"] = {"ce̤ng"}, ["顗"] = {}, ["願"] = {"ngōi", "ngē̤ng"}, ["顙"] = {"sô̤ng"}, ["顛"] = {"deng"}, ["顜"] = {}, ["顝"] = {}, ["類"] = {"lūi"}, ["顟"] = {}, ["顠"] = {}, ["顢"] = {}, ["顣"] = {}, ["顤"] = {}, ["顥"] = {"hō̤"}, ["顧"] = {"go̍"}, ["顩"] = {}, ["顪"] = {}, ["顫"] = {"ce̍ng", "ceo̍ng"}, ["顬"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["顯"] = {"hêng", "hiâng"}, ["顰"] = {"bíng"}, ["顱"] = {"ló"}, ["顲"] = {}, ["顳"] = {}, ["顴"] = {}, ["風"] = {"boiⁿ", "bang", "ho̤ng"}, ["䫻"] = {"ṳ̍h"}, ["颬"] = {}, ["颭"] = {"ciang"}, ["颮"] = {}, ["颯"] = {"sah"}, ["颱"] = {"dái", "tai"}, ["颲"] = {}, ["颳"] = {}, ["颶"] = {}, ["颸"] = {}, ["颺"] = {"chá̤uⁿ"}, ["颻"] = {}, ["颼"] = {}, ["颽"] = {}, ["颾"] = {}, ["颿"] = {}, ["飁"] = {}, ["飂"] = {}, ["飄"] = {"pa̤u"}, ["飆"] = {"ba̤u"}, ["飉"] = {}, ["飋"] = {}, ["飌"] = {}, ["飛"] = {"boi", "hi"}, ["食"] = {"sia̍h*", "sia̍h", "si̍h"}, ["飢"] = {"gi", "gui"}, ["飣"] = {}, ["飧"] = {}, ["飩"] = {}, ["飪"] = {}, ["飫"] = {}, ["飭"] = {"tih"}, ["飯"] = {"bōiⁿ", "huang", "boiⁿ"}, ["飲"] = {"îng", "âng", "i̍ng"}, ["飴"] = {"í"}, ["飶"] = {}, ["飼"] = {"chi̍", "seō"}, ["飽"] = {"bô̤", "bâu"}, ["飾"] = {"sih"}, ["飺"] = {}, ["餀"] = {}, ["餂"] = {}, ["餃"] = {"gâ̤u"}, ["餅"] = {"biâⁿ", "bîng"}, ["餈"] = {"sí"}, ["餉"] = {"hio̤̍ng"}, ["養"] = {"iô̤ng", "â̤uⁿ"}, ["餌"] = {"ni̍", "cî"}, ["餐"] = {"chang"}, ["餑"] = {"po̍ih*"}, ["餒"] = {}, ["餓"] = {"geō", "gō̤"}, ["餔"] = {}, ["餕"] = {}, ["餖"] = {}, ["餗"] = {}, ["餘"] = {"ṳ́"}, ["餚"] = {}, ["餛"] = {}, ["餜"] = {"gôi"}, ["餞"] = {}, ["餟"] = {}, ["餡"] = {"ō̤ⁿ", "hāng"}, ["餤"] = {}, ["餥"] = {}, ["餧"] = {}, ["館"] = {"guâⁿ", "guâng"}, ["餪"] = {}, ["餫"] = {}, ["餬"] = {}, ["餭"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["餮"] = {}, ["餯"] = {}, ["餰"] = {}, ["餱"] = {}, ["餲"] = {}, ["餳"] = {"cíng"}, ["餵"] = {}, ["餼"] = {}, ["餽"] = {}, ["餾"] = {"liū"}, ["餿"] = {"ta̤u"}, ["饁"] = {}, ["䭕"] = {"ciâⁿ"}, ["饃"] = {}, ["饅"] = {"máng"}, ["饇"] = {}, ["饈"] = {"siu"}, ["饉"] = {}, ["饊"] = {"sâng"}, ["饋"] = {"gūi"}, ["饌"] = {"cuāng"}, ["饎"] = {}, ["饐"] = {}, ["饑"] = {"gi"}, ["饒"] = {"cá̤u"}, ["饔"] = {}, ["饕"] = {"to̤"}, ["饗"] = {}, ["饘"] = {}, ["饙"] = {}, ["饛"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["饜"] = {}, ["饞"] = {"cháng"}, ["饟"] = {}, ["饡"] = {}, ["首"] = {"siû", "chiû"}, ["馗"] = {}, ["馘"] = {}, ["香"] = {"ha̤uⁿ", "hio̤ng", "pang"}, ["馝"] = {}, ["馣"] = {}, ["馥"] = {"ho̤̍h"}, ["馦"] = {}, ["馨"] = {"hing", "hṳng"}, ["馬"] = {"bô̤", "mâ"}, ["馭"] = {"gṳ̄"}, ["馮"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["馯"] = {}, ["馰"] = {}, ["馱"] = {"deó", "dó̤"}, ["馲"] = {}, ["馳"] = {"dí"}, ["馴"] = {"seo̍ng", "seóng"}, ["馵"] = {}, ["馹"] = {}, ["馺"] = {"sah"}, ["馻"] = {}, ["馽"] = {}, ["馿"] = {"lṳ́"}, ["駁"] = {"bo̤h"}, ["駂"] = {}, ["駃"] = {}, ["駉"] = {}, ["駍"] = {}, ["駎"] = {}, ["駏"] = {}, ["駐"] = {"cṳ̍"}, ["駑"] = {"nó"}, ["駒"] = {"kṳ"}, ["駓"] = {}, ["駔"] = {}, ["駕"] = {"ga̍"}, ["駖"] = {}, ["駘"] = {}, ["駙"] = {"hū"}, ["駛"] = {"sâi", "seô"}, ["駜"] = {}, ["駝"] = {"dó̤"}, ["駟"] = {"seo̍", "si̍"}, ["駢"] = {}, ["駣"] = {}, ["駤"] = {}, ["駥"] = {}, ["駩"] = {}, ["駪"] = {}, ["駬"] = {"cî"}, ["駭"] = {"hāi"}, ["駮"] = {}, ["駰"] = {}, ["駱"] = {"lo̤̍h"}, ["駴"] = {"hāi"}, ["駶"] = {}, ["駷"] = {}, ["駸"] = {"ching"}, ["駹"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["駺"] = {}, ["駻"] = {}, ["駼"] = {}, ["駽"] = {}, ["駾"] = {}, ["駿"] = {"ceo̍ng"}, ["騁"] = {}, ["騂"] = {}, ["騃"] = {}, ["騄"] = {}, ["騅"] = {}, ["騇"] = {}, ["騉"] = {}, ["騊"] = {}, ["騋"] = {}, ["騍"] = {}, ["騎"] = {"kió̤", "kí", "kī"}, ["騏"] = {"gí"}, ["騑"] = {}, ["騕"] = {}, ["騖"] = {}, ["騙"] = {"pe̍ng"}, ["騚"] = {}, ["騛"] = {}, ["騜"] = {}, ["騝"] = {}, ["騞"] = {}, ["騠"] = {}, ["騢"] = {}, ["騣"] = {}, ["騤"] = {}, ["騥"] = {}, ["騧"] = {}, ["騩"] = {}, ["騪"] = {}, ["騫"] = {"ge̤ng"}, ["騬"] = {}, ["騭"] = {}, ["騮"] = {}, ["騰"] = {"déng"}, ["騱"] = {}, ["騲"] = {}, ["騴"] = {}, ["騵"] = {}, ["騶"] = {}, ["騷"] = {"sau", "so̤"}, ["騸"] = {}, ["騹"] = {}, ["騺"] = {}, ["騻"] = {"sô̤ng"}, ["騽"] = {}, ["騾"] = {"leó", "ló"}, ["驀"] = {}, ["驁"] = {}, ["驂"] = {}, ["驃"] = {}, ["驄"] = {"cho̤ng"}, ["驅"] = {"kṳ"}, ["驆"] = {}, ["驈"] = {}, ["驉"] = {}, ["驊"] = {"huá"}, ["驌"] = {}, ["驍"] = {"gá̤u"}, ["驎"] = {}, ["驏"] = {}, ["驐"] = {"deong"}, ["驒"] = {}, ["驓"] = {}, ["驔"] = {}, ["驕"] = {"ga̤u"}, ["驖"] = {}, ["驗"] = {"ngiāng"}, ["驚"] = {"giaⁿ", "ging"}, ["驛"] = {"i̍h"}, ["驞"] = {}, ["驟"] = {"cā̤u"}, ["驠"] = {}, ["驢"] = {"lṳ́"}, ["驥"] = {"gi̍"}, ["驤"] = {}, ["驦"] = {}, ["驨"] = {}, ["驩"] = {"huang"}, ["驪"] = {}, ["驫"] = {}, ["骨"] = {"geoh"}, ["骫"] = {}, ["骭"] = {}, ["骯"] = {"ang"}, ["骰"] = {"dáu"}, ["骳"] = {"pī"}, ["骴"] = {}, ["骷"] = {}, ["骸"] = {"hái"}, ["骹"] = {"ko̤"}, ["骺"] = {"ga̤̍u"}, ["骼"] = {"geh"}, ["骾"] = {}, ["𩩍"] = {"piaⁿ"}, ["骿"] = {"piaⁿ"}, ["髀"] = {"pá̤"}, ["髁"] = {}, ["髂"] = {}, ["髆"] = {}, ["髇"] = {}, ["髊"] = {}, ["髍"] = {}, ["髏"] = {}, ["髐"] = {}, ["髑"] = {}, ["髒"] = {"cō̤ng", "cang", "cn̄g"}, ["髓"] = {"chôi", "chê̤"}, ["體"] = {"tâ̤", "lâ̤"}, ["髕"] = {}, ["髖"] = {}, ["高"] = {"go̤", "geo"}, ["髟"] = {}, ["髡"] = {"keong"}, ["髣"] = {}, ["髦"] = {"mó̤"}, ["髧"] = {}, ["髫"] = {}, ["髬"] = {}, ["髭"] = {}, ["髮"] = {"bōi", "huah"}, ["髯"] = {"siáng"}, ["髲"] = {}, ["髳"] = {}, ["髶"] = {}, ["髹"] = {"hiu"}, ["髺"] = {}, ["髻"] = {"go̍i"}, ["髼"] = {}, ["髽"] = {}, ["髾"] = {}, ["鬁"] = {}, ["鬃"] = {"cang", "co̤ng"}, ["鬄"] = {}, ["鬅"] = {"bó̤ng"}, ["鬆"] = {"sang", "so̤ng"}, ["鬈"] = {}, ["鬊"] = {}, ["鬋"] = {}, ["鬌"] = {}, ["鬍"] = {}, ["鬎"] = {}, ["鬐"] = {}, ["鬒"] = {}, ["鬕"] = {}, ["鬖"] = {"chāng"}, ["鬗"] = {}, ["鬘"] = {}, ["鬙"] = {"ceng"}, ["鬚"] = {"chiu", "sṳ"}, ["鬞"] = {}, ["鬟"] = {"huáng"}, ["鬠"] = {}, ["鬢"] = {"bi̍ng"}, ["鬣"] = {"lia̍h"}, ["鬤"] = {}, ["鬥"] = {"da̍u", "da̤̍u"}, ["鬧"] = {"dāu", "nāu"}, ["鬨"] = {}, ["鬩"] = {}, ["鬫"] = {}, ["鬮"] = {"kau", "kiu"}, ["鬯"] = {}, ["鬱"] = {"eoh"}, ["鬲"] = {}, ["鬳"] = {}, ["鬵"] = {}, ["鬷"] = {}, ["鬺"] = {}, ["鬻"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["鬼"] = {"gûi"}, ["鬾"] = {}, ["鬿"] = {}, ["魁"] = {"koi"}, ["魂"] = {"heóng"}, ["魃"] = {}, ["魄"] = {"peh"}, ["魅"] = {"bī"}, ["魆"] = {}, ["魈"] = {}, ["魊"] = {}, ["魋"] = {}, ["魌"] = {}, ["魍"] = {}, ["魎"] = {}, ["魏"] = {"gūi"}, ["魑"] = {}, ["魔"] = {"mó̤"}, ["魖"] = {}, ["魘"] = {"iâng"}, ["魚"] = {"gṳ́", "hṳ́"}, ["魛"] = {"do̤"}, ["魟"] = {"hang", "hó̤ng"}, ["魠"] = {}, ["魡"] = {}, ["魦"] = {}, ["魧"] = {}, ["魨"] = {"teóng"}, ["魯"] = {"lô"}, ["魱"] = {}, ["魴"] = {}, ["魵"] = {}, ["魶"] = {}, ["魷"] = {"iú"}, ["魺"] = {"keo̍"}, ["魻"] = {}, ["魼"] = {}, ["魾"] = {}, ["鮀"] = {}, ["鮂"] = {}, ["鮃"] = {"bíng"}, ["鮅"] = {}, ["鮆"] = {}, ["鮇"] = {}, ["鮋"] = {"iú"}, ["鮐"] = {}, ["鮑"] = {"ba̍u"}, ["鮒"] = {}, ["鮓"] = {"ca̍"}, ["鮚"] = {}, ["鮛"] = {}, ["鮜"] = {"hā̤u"}, ["鮞"] = {"cí"}, ["鮡"] = {}, ["鮤"] = {}, ["鮥"] = {}, ["鮦"] = {}, ["鮨"] = {}, ["鮪"] = {}, ["鮫"] = {"ko̤"}, ["鮭"] = {"gá̤"}, ["鮮"] = {"seng", "ching"}, ["鮺"] = {"ca̍"}, ["鮵"] = {}, ["鮸"] = {}, ["鮿"] = {}, ["鯀"] = {}, ["鯁"] = {"gâⁿ", "gêng"}, ["鯃"] = {}, ["鯆"] = {}, ["鯇"] = {}, ["鯈"] = {}, ["鯉"] = {"lî"}, ["鯊"] = {"sa", "sua"}, ["鯓"] = {}, ["鯽"] = {"cih"}, ["鯔"] = {"ci"}, ["鯖"] = {}, ["鯗"] = {"sâ̤uⁿ", "siô̤ng"}, ["鯛"] = {"da̤u"}, ["鯞"] = {}, ["鯠"] = {}, ["鯢"] = {}, ["鯤"] = {}, ["鯦"] = {}, ["鯧"] = {"cha̤uⁿ", "chio̤ng"}, ["鯨"] = {"ging"}, ["鯪"] = {}, ["鯫"] = {}, ["鯬"] = {}, ["鯰"] = {}, ["鯷"] = {}, ["鯸"] = {}, ["鰅"] = {}, ["鰈"] = {}, ["鰉"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["鰋"] = {}, ["鰌"] = {"chiu"}, ["鰍"] = {"giu", "chiu"}, ["鰒"] = {}, ["鰓"] = {"chi", "seo"}, ["鰕"] = {"há"}, ["鰛"] = {"eong"}, ["鳅"] = {"giu"}, ["鰜"] = {}, ["鰝"] = {}, ["鰣"] = {}, ["鰥"] = {"guang"}, ["鰨"] = {}, ["鰩"] = {}, ["鰫"] = {}, ["鰬"] = {}, ["鰭"] = {"gí"}, ["鰱"] = {}, ["鰲"] = {"gó̤"}, ["鰳"] = {}, ["鰴"] = {}, ["鰷"] = {}, ["鰹"] = {}, ["鰻"] = {"muá", "māng"}, ["鰼"] = {"si̍h"}, ["鰾"] = {"bā̤u"}, ["鰿"] = {}, ["鱀"] = {}, ["鱁"] = {}, ["鱄"] = {}, ["鱆"] = {}, ["鱈"] = {"se̤h"}, ["鱉"] = {"bē", "bā̤"}, ["鱊"] = {}, ["鱋"] = {}, ["鱍"] = {}, ["鱐"] = {}, ["鱒"] = {"ceong"}, ["鱔"] = {"chiō̤ⁿ", "sēng"}, ["鱕"] = {}, ["鱖"] = {}, ["鱗"] = {"léng", "líng"}, ["鱘"] = {}, ["鱞"] = {}, ["鱟"] = {"ha̍u"}, ["鱠"] = {}, ["鱢"] = {}, ["鱣"] = {}, ["鱦"] = {}, ["鱧"] = {"lî"}, ["鱨"] = {"sió̤ng"}, ["鱮"] = {"sṳ̄"}, ["鱳"] = {}, ["鱴"] = {}, ["鱷"] = {"go̤h"}, ["鱸"] = {"ló"}, ["鱹"] = {}, ["鱺"] = {"lā̤"}, ["鳥"] = {"câ̤u", "nâ̤u"}, ["鳦"] = {}, ["鳧"] = {}, ["鳩"] = {"giu", "kiu"}, ["鳪"] = {}, ["鳭"] = {}, ["鳱"] = {}, ["鳲"] = {}, ["鳳"] = {"hō̤ng", "n̄g"}, ["鳴"] = {"míng"}, ["鳵"] = {}, ["鳶"] = {"eng"}, ["鳷"] = {}, ["鳹"] = {}, ["鳺"] = {}, ["鳻"] = {}, ["鳼"] = {}, ["鳽"] = {}, ["鳿"] = {}, ["鴀"] = {}, ["鴃"] = {}, ["鴅"] = {}, ["鴆"] = {}, ["鴇"] = {"bô̤"}, ["鴈"] = {}, ["鴉"] = {"a"}, ["鴐"] = {}, ["鴒"] = {}, ["鴔"] = {}, ["鴕"] = {"dó̤"}, ["鴗"] = {}, ["鴘"] = {}, ["鴛"] = {"eng"}, ["鴝"] = {}, ["鴞"] = {"ha̤u"}, ["鴠"] = {}, ["鴢"] = {}, ["鴣"] = {"go"}, ["鴥"] = {"ṳ̍h"}, ["鴦"] = {"a̤uⁿ", "io̤ng"}, ["鴨"] = {"ō̤", "ah"}, ["鴩"] = {}, ["鴮"] = {}, ["鴯"] = {"cí"}, ["鴰"] = {}, ["鴱"] = {}, ["鴳"] = {}, ["鴴"] = {"héng"}, ["鴶"] = {}, ["鴷"] = {}, ["鴸"] = {}, ["鴻"] = {"hó̤ng", "hō̤ng"}, ["鴽"] = {"cṳ́"}, ["鴾"] = {}, ["鴿"] = {"gah"}, ["鵀"] = {}, ["鵁"] = {}, ["鵂"] = {"hiu"}, ["鵃"] = {}, ["鵅"] = {}, ["鵊"] = {}, ["鵋"] = {}, ["鵌"] = {}, ["鵏"] = {}, ["鵑"] = {}, ["鵒"] = {"e̤̍h"}, ["鵓"] = {}, ["鵔"] = {}, ["鵖"] = {}, ["鵗"] = {}, ["鵙"] = {}, ["鵛"] = {}, ["鵜"] = {"ta̤"}, ["鵝"] = {"gó̤", "gió̤"}, ["鵟"] = {}, ["鵠"] = {}, ["鵡"] = {"bû"}, ["鵧"] = {}, ["鵩"] = {}, ["鵪"] = {"iang", "ang"}, ["鵫"] = {}, ["鵬"] = {"péng", "béng"}, ["鵯"] = {"bi"}, ["鵰"] = {}, ["鵱"] = {}, ["鵲"] = {"chio̤h"}, ["鵳"] = {}, ["鵴"] = {}, ["鵵"] = {}, ["鵷"] = {"e̤ng"}, ["鵸"] = {}, ["鵹"] = {}, ["鵻"] = {}, ["鵽"] = {}, ["鶀"] = {}, ["鶁"] = {}, ["鶂"] = {}, ["鶄"] = {}, ["鶅"] = {}, ["鶆"] = {}, ["鶇"] = {"do̤ng"}, ["鶈"] = {}, ["鶉"] = {"deóng"}, ["鶊"] = {}, ["鶋"] = {}, ["鶌"] = {}, ["鶐"] = {}, ["鶒"] = {"tih"}, ["鶓"] = {"bá̤u"}, ["鶔"] = {}, ["鶖"] = {}, ["鶗"] = {}, ["鶘"] = {"hó"}, ["鶙"] = {}, ["鶚"] = {"go̤h", "go̤̍h"}, ["鶛"] = {}, ["鶜"] = {}, ["鶝"] = {}, ["鶞"] = {}, ["鶟"] = {}, ["鶠"] = {}, ["鶡"] = {"ha̍h"}, ["鶢"] = {}, ["鶣"] = {}, ["鶤"] = {}, ["鶨"] = {}, ["鶩"] = {"bū"}, ["鶪"] = {}, ["鶬"] = {}, ["鶭"] = {}, ["鶯"] = {"eng", "ing"}, ["鶱"] = {"he̤ng"}, ["鶴"] = {"ho̤̍h"}, ["鶵"] = {}, ["鶶"] = {}, ["鶷"] = {}, ["鶹"] = {}, ["鶺"] = {}, ["鶻"] = {"heo̍h"}, ["鶼"] = {}, ["鶾"] = {}, ["鶿"] = {"ceo"}, ["鷁"] = {}, ["鷂"] = {"ā̤u"}, ["鷃"] = {}, ["鷅"] = {}, ["鷇"] = {}, ["鷈"] = {}, ["鷊"] = {}, ["鷎"] = {}, ["鷏"] = {}, ["鷋"] = {}, ["鷐"] = {}, ["鷑"] = {}, ["鷒"] = {}, ["鷓"] = {}, ["鷕"] = {}, ["鷖"] = {}, ["鷗"] = {"au"}, ["鷘"] = {}, ["鷙"] = {}, ["鷚"] = {}, ["鷛"] = {}, ["鷜"] = {}, ["鷞"] = {"sô̤ng"}, ["鷟"] = {}, ["鷡"] = {}, ["鷢"] = {}, ["鷣"] = {}, ["鷤"] = {}, ["鷥"] = {"seo"}, ["鷦"] = {}, ["鷩"] = {}, ["鷫"] = {}, ["鷮"] = {}, ["鷯"] = {"lá̤u"}, ["鷰"] = {}, ["鷲"] = {"ciū"}, ["鷵"] = {}, ["鷶"] = {}, ["鷷"] = {}, ["鷸"] = {"gih"}, ["鷺"] = {"lō"}, ["鷻"] = {}, ["䴉"] = {"huáng"}, ["鷹"] = {"ing"}, ["鷽"] = {"ha̍u"}, ["鷾"] = {}, ["鷿"] = {}, ["鸀"] = {}, ["鸁"] = {}, ["鸂"] = {"ka̤"}, ["鸃"] = {}, ["鸄"] = {}, ["鸅"] = {}, ["鸆"] = {}, ["鸇"] = {"ceng"}, ["鸉"] = {}, ["鸋"] = {}, ["鸌"] = {"hō"}, ["鸍"] = {}, ["鸏"] = {"mó̤ng"}, ["鸐"] = {}, ["鸑"] = {}, ["鸒"] = {}, ["鸓"] = {}, ["鸔"] = {}, ["鸕"] = {"ló"}, ["鸗"] = {}, ["鸙"] = {}, ["鸚"] = {"eng"}, ["鸛"] = {"gua̍ng"}, ["鸝"] = {}, ["鸞"] = {"luáng"}, ["鹵"] = {}, ["鹹"] = {"giáng"}, ["鹺"] = {"cha"}, ["鹼"] = {"kiâng"}, ["鹽"] = {"iáng", "si̍ng"}, ["鹿"] = {"lo̤̍h"}, ["麀"] = {"iu"}, ["麂"] = {"gî"}, ["麃"] = {}, ["麆"] = {}, ["麇"] = {}, ["麈"] = {"sṳ̂"}, ["麉"] = {}, ["麊"] = {}, ["麋"] = {"bí"}, ["麌"] = {}, ["麎"] = {}, ["麑"] = {"gá̤"}, ["麒"] = {"gí"}, ["麓"] = {"lo̤̍h"}, ["麔"] = {}, ["麗"] = {"lā̤"}, ["麙"] = {}, ["麚"] = {}, ["麛"] = {}, ["麜"] = {}, ["麝"] = {"siā"}, ["麟"] = {"líng"}, ["麠"] = {}, ["麡"] = {}, ["麤"] = {}, ["麥"] = {"ba̍h*", "be̍h", "ba̍h"}, ["麧"] = {}, ["麩"] = {"po"}, ["麪"] = {"mīng"}, ["麮"] = {}, ["麯"] = {"ko̤h"}, ["麰"] = {}, ["麴"] = {"ke̤h"}, ["麵"] = {"mēng", "mīng"}, ["麶"] = {}, ["麷"] = {}, ["麻"] = {"bō̤", "muá", "má", "bó̤"}, ["麼"] = {"meh"}, ["麾"] = {"hui"}, ["黀"] = {}, ["黂"] = {}, ["黃"] = {"hó̤ng", "ńg"}, ["黈"] = {}, ["黌"] = {"hó̤ng"}, ["黍"] = {"sê̤", "sṳ̂"}, ["黎"] = {"lá̤"}, ["黏"] = {"niáng"}, ["黐"] = {"ti"}, ["黑"] = {"heh"}, ["墨"] = {"ba̍h", "be̍h"}, ["黓"] = {}, ["黔"] = {"kíng"}, ["黕"] = {}, ["黖"] = {}, ["默"] = {"be̍h", "ba̍h"}, ["黚"] = {}, ["黛"] = {"dāi", "dē̤"}, ["黜"] = {"cheoh"}, ["黝"] = {}, ["點"] = {"diâng", "dêng", "tîng"}, ["黟"] = {}, ["黠"] = {}, ["黢"] = {"ceo̍ng"}, ["黤"] = {}, ["黥"] = {}, ["黧"] = {}, ["黨"] = {"dô̤ng"}, ["黫"] = {}, ["黭"] = {}, ["黮"] = {}, ["黯"] = {"a̍ng"}, ["黰"] = {}, ["黲"] = {"châng"}, ["黳"] = {}, ["黴"] = {}, ["黵"] = {"dâng", "dēng"}, ["黶"] = {}, ["黷"] = {}, ["黹"] = {"cî"}, ["黺"] = {}, ["黻"] = {}, ["黼"] = {"hû"}, ["黽"] = {}, ["黿"] = {}, ["鼀"] = {}, ["鼁"] = {}, ["鼆"] = {}, ["鼇"] = {"gó̤"}, ["鼉"] = {}, ["鼊"] = {}, ["鼎"] = {"diâⁿ", "dêng"}, ["鼏"] = {}, ["鼐"] = {"nāi"}, ["鼒"] = {}, ["鼓"] = {"gô"}, ["鼕"] = {"do̤ng"}, ["鼖"] = {"heóng"}, ["鼘"] = {}, ["鼙"] = {}, ["鼛"] = {}, ["鼜"] = {}, ["鼠"] = {"chṳ̂", "sṳ̂"}, ["鼢"] = {}, ["鼣"] = {}, ["鼤"] = {}, ["鼥"] = {}, ["鼨"] = {}, ["鼩"] = {}, ["鼪"] = {"seng"}, ["鼫"] = {"si̍h"}, ["鼬"] = {"iú", "iū"}, ["鼭"] = {}, ["鼮"] = {}, ["鼯"] = {}, ["鼰"] = {}, ["鼱"] = {"cing"}, ["鼲"] = {}, ["鼳"] = {}, ["鼴"] = {}, ["鼵"] = {}, ["鼶"] = {}, ["鼷"] = {"há̤"}, ["鼸"] = {}, ["鼹"] = {"ia̍ⁿ"}, ["鼻"] = {"bī", "pi̍", "pī"}, ["鼽"] = {"giú"}, ["鼾"] = {"hang"}, ["齀"] = {}, ["齁"] = {"ho"}, ["齂"] = {}, ["齃"] = {}, ["齇"] = {}, ["齉"] = {}, ["齊"] = {"cá̤"}, ["齋"] = {"cai", "ca̤"}, ["齌"] = {}, ["齍"] = {}, ["齎"] = {}, ["齏"] = {}, ["齒"] = {"kî", "chî"}, ["齔"] = {"che̍ng"}, ["齕"] = {"geo̍h"}, ["齖"] = {}, ["齗"] = {}, ["齘"] = {}, ["齛"] = {}, ["齜"] = {}, ["齝"] = {}, ["齞"] = {}, ["齟"] = {"cṳ̄"}, ["齠"] = {}, ["齡"] = {"léng"}, ["齣"] = {"cheoh"}, ["齤"] = {}, ["齥"] = {}, ["齦"] = {"ngṳ́ng"}, ["齧"] = {}, ["齪"] = {"cho̤h"}, ["齫"] = {}, ["齬"] = {"gṳ̂"}, ["齮"] = {}, ["齯"] = {}, ["齰"] = {}, ["齱"] = {}, ["𪘧"] = {"chio̤h"}, ["齲"] = {"cṳ̍"}, ["齴"] = {}, ["齵"] = {}, ["齶"] = {}, ["齷"] = {"o̤h"}, ["齸"] = {}, ["齹"] = {}, ["齺"] = {}, ["齻"] = {}, ["齾"] = {}, ["龍"] = {"lé̤ng"}, ["龒"] = {}, ["龔"] = {"go̤ng", "gô̤ng"}, ["龕"] = {"kang"}, ["龜"] = {"gu", "gui", "giu", "kiu", "geong"}, ["龠"] = {"io̤̍h"}, ["龡"] = {"choi"}, ["龢"] = {"hó̤"}, ["龤"] = {"hái"}, } return export es8172l56g19gl3zr0v5zpq2z9kbcag 828 3786362 7240864 2026-07-06T10:27:11Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local dump = mw.dumpObject local error = error local getmetatable = getmetatable local next = next local pairs = pairs local rawget = rawget local type = type local setmetatable = setmetatable local function debug_track(...) debug_track = require(debug_track_module) return debug_track(...) end local tracked local function make_copy(orig, seen, mt_flag, keep_loaded_data) local mt, iter, state, init = getmetatable(orig..." 7240864 Scribunto text/plain local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local dump = mw.dumpObject local error = error local getmetatable = getmetatable local next = next local pairs = pairs local rawget = rawget local type = type local setmetatable = setmetatable local function debug_track(...) debug_track = require(debug_track_module) return debug_track(...) end local tracked local function make_copy(orig, seen, mt_flag, keep_loaded_data) local mt, iter, state, init = getmetatable(orig) -- If `mt` is nil, just use `next`, as it's faster. if mt == nil then iter, state, init = next, orig, nil -- `mt` could be a non-table if `__metatable` has been used, but discard it in such cases. elseif type(mt) ~= "table" then mt, iter, state, init = nil, pairs(orig) -- Data loaded via `mw.loadData`, which sets the key "mw_loadData" to true in the metatable. elseif rawget(mt, "mw_loadData") == true then if keep_loaded_data then seen[orig] = orig return orig -- Track instances of such data being copied, which is very inefficient and usually unnecessary. elseif not tracked then debug_track("table/deepCopy/loaded data") tracked = true end -- Discard the metatable and use the `__pairs` metamethod. mt, iter, state, init = nil, pairs(orig) -- If `mt_flag` is "none", discard the metatable and use the `__pairs` metamethod. elseif mt_flag == "none" then mt, iter, state, init = nil, pairs(orig) -- Otherwise, keep `mt` and use `next` to copy the raw contents. else iter, state, init = next, orig, nil end local copy = {} seen[orig] = copy for k, v in iter, state, init do if k and type(k) == "table" then k = seen[k] or make_copy(k, seen, mt_flag, keep_loaded_data) end if v and type(v) == "table" then v = seen[v] or make_copy(v, seen, mt_flag, keep_loaded_data) end copy[k] = v end if mt == nil or mt_flag == "none" then return copy -- Copy the metatable if `mt_flag` is "copy"; otherwise, it will be "keep", so keep it. elseif mt_flag == "copy" then mt = seen[mt] or make_copy(mt, seen, mt_flag, keep_loaded_data) end return setmetatable(copy, mt) end --[==[ Recursive deep copy function. Preserves copied identities of subtables. A more powerful version of {mw.clone}, with customizable options. * `metatableFlag` can be one of three options: *# "none" (the default): `pairs` will be used to copy the table, meaning that any `__pairs` metamethod will be used to copy the table, if available; the resulting table will not have a metatable. *# "copy": a raw copy of the table will be made (i.e. any `__pairs` metamethod will be ignored), and the copy will be given a copy of the original table's metatable; this ensures that nothing from the original is retained, but may cause metamethods to behave unexpectedly, depending on their implementation. *# "keep": a raw copy of the table will be made (i.e. any `__pairs` metamethod will be ignored), and the copy will be given the original table's metatable; this is useful when copying objects that inherit methods from a prototype object (e.g. language objects). * If `keepLoadedData` is true, then any data loaded via {mw.loadData} will not be copied, and the original will be used instead. This is useful in iterative contexts where it is necessary to copy data being destructively modified, because objects loaded via mw.loadData are immutable. * Notes: *# Protected metatables will not be copied (i.e. those hidden behind a `__metatable` metamethod), as they are not accessible by Lua's design. Instead, the output of the `__metatable` method will be used instead. *# Data loaded via {mw.loadData} is always treated as though the "none" flag is set, because the way it has been implemented causes errors to be thrown if "copy" or "keep" are used with it.]==] return function(orig, metatableFlag, keepLoadedData) if metatableFlag == nil then metatableFlag = "none" elseif not (metatableFlag == "keep" or metatableFlag == "copy" or metatableFlag == "none") then error('metatableFlag must be "none", "copy", "keep" or nil; received ' .. dump(metatableFlag)) end if orig and type(orig) == "table" then return make_copy(orig, {}, metatableFlag, keepLoadedData) end return orig end n283xd4cxzrnpyf4zrlt9334gjwqw59 7240865 7240864 2026-07-06T10:27:26Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 7240865 Scribunto text/plain local debug_track_module = "Module:Wt/mnc/debug/track" local dump = mw.dumpObject local error = error local getmetatable = getmetatable local next = next local pairs = pairs local rawget = rawget local type = type local setmetatable = setmetatable local function debug_track(...) debug_track = require(debug_track_module) return debug_track(...) end local tracked local function make_copy(orig, seen, mt_flag, keep_loaded_data) local mt, iter, state, init = getmetatable(orig) -- If `mt` is nil, just use `next`, as it's faster. if mt == nil then iter, state, init = next, orig, nil -- `mt` could be a non-table if `__metatable` has been used, but discard it in such cases. elseif type(mt) ~= "table" then mt, iter, state, init = nil, pairs(orig) -- Data loaded via `mw.loadData`, which sets the key "mw_loadData" to true in the metatable. elseif rawget(mt, "mw_loadData") == true then if keep_loaded_data then seen[orig] = orig return orig -- Track instances of such data being copied, which is very inefficient and usually unnecessary. elseif not tracked then debug_track("table/deepCopy/loaded data") tracked = true end -- Discard the metatable and use the `__pairs` metamethod. mt, iter, state, init = nil, pairs(orig) -- If `mt_flag` is "none", discard the metatable and use the `__pairs` metamethod. elseif mt_flag == "none" then mt, iter, state, init = nil, pairs(orig) -- Otherwise, keep `mt` and use `next` to copy the raw contents. else iter, state, init = next, orig, nil end local copy = {} seen[orig] = copy for k, v in iter, state, init do if k and type(k) == "table" then k = seen[k] or make_copy(k, seen, mt_flag, keep_loaded_data) end if v and type(v) == "table" then v = seen[v] or make_copy(v, seen, mt_flag, keep_loaded_data) end copy[k] = v end if mt == nil or mt_flag == "none" then return copy -- Copy the metatable if `mt_flag` is "copy"; otherwise, it will be "keep", so keep it. elseif mt_flag == "copy" then mt = seen[mt] or make_copy(mt, seen, mt_flag, keep_loaded_data) end return setmetatable(copy, mt) end --[==[ Recursive deep copy function. Preserves copied identities of subtables. A more powerful version of {mw.clone}, with customizable options. * `metatableFlag` can be one of three options: *# "none" (the default): `pairs` will be used to copy the table, meaning that any `__pairs` metamethod will be used to copy the table, if available; the resulting table will not have a metatable. *# "copy": a raw copy of the table will be made (i.e. any `__pairs` metamethod will be ignored), and the copy will be given a copy of the original table's metatable; this ensures that nothing from the original is retained, but may cause metamethods to behave unexpectedly, depending on their implementation. *# "keep": a raw copy of the table will be made (i.e. any `__pairs` metamethod will be ignored), and the copy will be given the original table's metatable; this is useful when copying objects that inherit methods from a prototype object (e.g. language objects). * If `keepLoadedData` is true, then any data loaded via {mw.loadData} will not be copied, and the original will be used instead. This is useful in iterative contexts where it is necessary to copy data being destructively modified, because objects loaded via mw.loadData are immutable. * Notes: *# Protected metatables will not be copied (i.e. those hidden behind a `__metatable` metamethod), as they are not accessible by Lua's design. Instead, the output of the `__metatable` method will be used instead. *# Data loaded via {mw.loadData} is always treated as though the "none" flag is set, because the way it has been implemented causes errors to be thrown if "copy" or "keep" are used with it.]==] return function(orig, metatableFlag, keepLoadedData) if metatableFlag == nil then metatableFlag = "none" elseif not (metatableFlag == "keep" or metatableFlag == "copy" or metatableFlag == "none") then error('metatableFlag must be "none", "copy", "keep" or nil; received ' .. dump(metatableFlag)) end if orig and type(orig) == "table" then return make_copy(orig, {}, metatableFlag, keepLoadedData) end return orig end mxgxf69iswe0zuvipg6jo9c98albr4h 828 3786363 7240866 2026-07-06T10:27:53Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local data = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/wuu-pron/data") --[=[ TODO: - do IPA for glottalised nasal intials (currently the glottal stop is dropped) - FIND DATA FOR 3+ SYLLABLE SANDHI AND RPS!!! (we can settle for trisyllabics right) - northern wu data: FIRST PRIORITY should be - CHUANSHA 川沙 (sandhi found in 當代, needs. understanding) - NEW KUNSHAN 崑山新派 (trisyllabic sandhi needed) - HUZHOU 湖州 (trisyllabic sandhi needed) - XIAOS..." 7240866 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local data = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/wuu-pron/data") --[=[ TODO: - do IPA for glottalised nasal intials (currently the glottal stop is dropped) - FIND DATA FOR 3+ SYLLABLE SANDHI AND RPS!!! (we can settle for trisyllabics right) - northern wu data: FIRST PRIORITY should be - CHUANSHA 川沙 (sandhi found in 當代, needs. understanding) - NEW KUNSHAN 崑山新派 (trisyllabic sandhi needed) - HUZHOU 湖州 (trisyllabic sandhi needed) - XIAOSHAN 蕭山 (大西博子 source doesn't exactly line up with wugniu 市志) - CIXI 慈溪 (慈溪方言研究 PDF exists but currently unretrieved, please inform @ND381 if a working PDF is in your possession ASAP!! zia-zia) - any other northern wu points are good!! pls note the source u used in the EDIT SUMMARY if u do add one zia-zia - MODULES for TAIZHOU & WENZHOU → and then we're done (probably) ]=]-- local loc_names = { -- Basic 聲韻調 Disyll LPS Trisyll LPS Quad+ LPS RPS Logic --NORTHERN ['sh'] = 'Shanghai', -- + + + + + + ['jd'] = 'Jiading', -- + + + - - + ['sj'] = 'Songjiang', -- + + + - - + ['cs'] = 'Chuansha', -- + + + - - - ['cm'] = 'Chongming', -- + + + - + + ['sz'] = 'Suzhou', -- + + + + + + ['ks'] = 'Kunshan', -- + + - - - - Wugniu "新派" ['yx'] = 'Yixing', -- + - - - - - ['cz'] = 'Changzhou', -- + + + - - + ['jj'] = 'Jingjiang', -- + + - - - - ['jx'] = 'Jiaxing', -- + + + - - + ['tx'] = 'Tongxiang', -- + + + - - + ['hn'] = 'Haining', -- + + + - + + Xiashi locality ['hy'] = 'Haiyan', -- + + + - - + ['dq'] = 'Deqing', -- + - - - - - ['hz'] = 'Hangzhou', -- + + + + + + ['xs'] = 'Xiaoshan', -- + - - - - - ['fy'] = 'Fuyang', -- + + - - + - ['sx'] = 'Shaoxing', -- + + + - + + ['cx'] = 'Cixi', -- + + - - - - ['nb'] = 'Ningbo', -- + + + - + + ['zs'] = 'Zhoushan', -- + - - - - - -- Jinhua + + + + + + -- TAIZHOU -- Huangyan + + - - - -- Linhai + + - - - -- Sanmen + - - - - -- Tiantai +/- + - - - -- Wenling + + - - - -- Wenzhou need to reconcile differences between sources } -- default to "<loc_name> dialect" if empty -- specifies the name of the Wikipedia article of the lect local wiki_names = { jd = 'Shanghainese#Classification', sj = 'Shanghainese#Classification', cs = 'Shanghainese#Classification', yx = 'Taihu Wu', jj = 'Taihu Wu', jx = 'Taihu Wu', tx = 'Taihu Wu', hn = 'Taihu Wu', hy = 'Taihu Wu', dq = 'Taihu Wu', xs = 'Taihu Wu', fy = 'Taihu Wu', cx = 'Taihu Wu', zs = 'Taihu Wu', } local minidict = { ['sh'] = true, ['jd'] = true, ['cm'] = true, ['sz'] = true, ['cz'] = true, ['jx'] = true, ['hz'] = true, ['sx'] = true, ['nb'] = true } local order = {'sh', 'jd', 'sj', 'cm', 'cs', 'sz', 'ks', 'yx', 'cz', 'jj', 'jx', 'tx', 'hn', 'hy', 'dq', 'hz', 'xs', 'fy', 'sx', 'cx', 'nb', 'zs'} local ipa_initial = { ["p"] = "p", ["ph"] = "pʰ", ["b"] = "b", ["m"] = "m", ["f"] = "f", ["v"] = "v", ["t"] = "t", ["th"] = "tʰ", ["d"] = "d", ["n"] = "n", ["l"] = "l", ["ts"] = "t͡s", ["tsh"] = "t͡sʰ", ["s"] = "s", ["z"] = "z", ["c"] = "t͡ɕ", ["ch"] = "t͡ɕʰ", ["dz"] = "d͡z", ["j"] = "d͡ʑ", ["gn"] = "n̠ʲ", ["sh"] = "ɕ", ["zh"] = "ʑ", ["k"] = "k", ["kh"] = "kʰ", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["ng"] = "ŋ", ["h"] = "h", ["gh"] = "ɦ", [""] = "", } local ipa_initial_override = { --this always takes priority over the table above --additional unique initials can also be defined here --a question mark means the initial does not exist --there must be empty tables for all locations, even if there is nothing there ['sh'] = { ["dz"] = "?" }, ['jd'] = { ["dz"] = "?", ["zh"] = "?" }, ['sj'] = { ["p"] = "ɓ", ["t"] = "ɗ", ["f"] = "ɸ", ["v"] = "β", ["ch"] = "cʰ", ["c"] = "c", ["j"] = "ɟ", ["sh"] = "ç", ["zh"] = "?", ["dz"] = "?" }, ['cm'] = { ["v"] = "fv", ["z"] = "sz", ["zh"] = "ɕʑ", ["gh"] = "hɦ", }, ['cs'] = { ["p"] = "ɓ", ["t"] = "ɗ", ["f"] = "ɸ", ["v"] = "β", ["dz"] = "?" }, ['sz'] = { ["dz"] = "?", ["zh"] = "?" }, ['ks'] = { ["zh"] = "?", ["h"] = "x" }, ['yx'] = { }, ['cz'] = { }, ['jj'] = { }, ['jx'] = { ['dz'] = "?", ["vh"] = "ʔv" }, ['tx'] = { }, ['hn'] = { }, ['hy'] = { ['dz'] = "?" }, ['dq'] = { ['dz'] = "?" }, ['hz'] = { ["zh"] = "?" }, ['xs'] = { }, ['fy'] = { }, ['sx'] = { }, ['cx'] = { }, ['nb'] = { }, ['zs'] = { }, } local function get_initial(initial, loc) return ipa_initial_override[loc][initial] or ipa_initial[initial] or error('Invalid initial: "' .. initial .. '"') end local function get_final(final, loc) return data.ipa_final[loc][final] or error('Invalid final for ' .. loc .. ' : "' .. final .. '"') end local ipa_syllabic = { ["m"] = "m̩", ["n"] = "n̩", ["ng"] = "ŋ̍", } -- diagnose tone error local function diagnose_tones(word_length, loc, text, tone, tone2, tone3) -- the cap on number of syllables local syl_cap = ({sh=5,jd=3,sj=3,cm=3,cs=3,sz=4,ks=2,yx=1,cz=3,jj=2,jx=3,tx=3,hn=3,hy=3,dq=1,hz=5,xs=1,fy=2,cx=2,nb=3,zs=1})[loc] if syl_cap and word_length > syl_cap then error(("Maximum %d syllables supported for %s."):format(syl_cap, loc)) end -- the cap on number of specified tones local tone_cap = ({sj=3,ks=2,cz=3,jx=3,tx=3,hn=3,hy=2})[loc] if tone_cap then local expected = math.min(tone_cap, word_length) local received = 1 + (tone2 ~= '' and 1 or 0) + (tone3 ~= '' and 1 or 0) if received ~= expected then error(('Expected %d tones, but received %d: "%s:%s".'):format(expected, received, loc, text)) end elseif loc == 'sz' or loc == 'sx' then -- sz: tone is 7 or 8, but second tone not provided error("For " .. loc .. ", second tone must be specified.") end error(('Incorrect tone notation "%s" for %s. See [[WT:AZH/Wu]].'):format(tone..tone2..tone3, loc)) end local function tone_superscript(text) return text:gsub('[1-5]',{['1']='¹',['2']='²',['3']='³',['4']='⁴',['5']='⁵'}) end local function get_tone(text, loc) local word_length = text:gsub("[^ ]+", ""):len() + 1 local tone, tone2, tone3 = text:match("^(.%u*)%w+ ?(%d?%u?)%w* ?(%d?%u?)") if loc == "jx" and tone == "3" then tone = text:find("^3[ptkc]s?h") and "3B" or "3A" elseif loc == "cm" then local result = nil if tone:find("[MP]") then -- Verb + Motion / Verb + Pronoun if word_length ~= 2 then error("cm: Unsupported word length.") end result = data.tone_contours[loc][tone] or error("cm: Wrong motion/pronoun format.") elseif tone:find("R",1,true) then -- Reduplication local main_tone, redup_type, word, sub_tone = text:match("^(%d)R([VCN])(%l+) (%d)%3$") main_tone, sub_tone = tonumber(main_tone), tonumber(sub_tone) local conv_tone = (redup_type == "N" and main_tone%2==0 and word:find("^g?[mnl]") and main_tone-1) or main_tone if sub_tone ~= conv_tone then error("cm: Wrong reduplication format.") end result = data.tone_contours[loc]["R"..redup_type..main_tone] end if result then return tone_superscript(result) end elseif loc == "sx" and tone:find("^%dA$") then return tone_superscript(data.tone_contours[loc][tone]) elseif loc == "cs" and word_length == 3 then tone2 = "" end local result = data.tone_contours[loc][word_length..tone..tone2..tone3] or data.tone_contours[loc][word_length..tone..tone2] or data.tone_contours[loc][word_length..tone] if result == nil and loc == "sx" then local first_tone = { ["1"] = "33", ["2"] = "11", ["3"] = "335", ["4"] = "115", ["5"] = "33", ["6"] = "11", ["7"] = "3", ["8"] = "1" } local middle_tone = { ["nc"] = { ["1"] = "55", ["2"] = "55", ["3"] = "55", ["4"] = "55", ["5"] = "33", ["6"] = "11", ["7"] = "55", ["8"] = "55" }, ["c"] = { ["1"] = "5", ["2"] = "5", ["3"] = "5", ["4"] = "5", ["5"] = "3", ["6"] = "1", ["7"] = "5", ["8"] = "5" } } local last_tone = { ["nc"] = { ["1"] = "52", ["2"] = "52", ["3"] = "52", ["4"] = "52", ["5"] = "33", ["6"] = "11", ["7"] = "52", ["8"] = "52" }, ["c"] = { ["1"] = "54", ["2"] = "54", ["3"] = "54", ["4"] = "54", ["5"] = "3", ["6"] = "1", ["7"] = "54", ["8"] = "54" } } local first = text:match("^(%d)%w+ ") local middle = text:gsub("^(%d)%w+ ", ""):gsub(" (%d)%w+$", "") local last = text:match(" (%d)%w+$") result = first_tone[first] local checked = "" for c in middle:gmatch("(%d)%w+") do if c:match("[123456]") then checked = "nc" elseif c:match("[78]") then checked = "c" end result = result .. " " .. middle_tone[checked][first] end if last:match("[123456]") then checked = "nc" elseif last:match("[78]") then checked = "c" end result = result .. " " .. last_tone[checked][first] end return result and tone_superscript(result) or diagnose_tones(word_length, loc, text, tone, tone2, tone3) end local function RPS_tone_determ(word_length, tone, loc) local result if word_length == 1 then result = data.tone_contours[loc][tone .. "s"] or data.tone_contours[loc]['s'] else result = data.tone_contours[loc]["multiple"] end return tone_superscript(result) end local function rom_check(text, locs) --this checks wugniu if text:match("%f[%l']['qx]") or text:match('ny') or text:match('hh') or text:match("h$") then error('Invalid syllable: ' .. text ..'. Wugniu expected, but another romanisation is being provided.') end if text:match('ghi') and locs ~= 'cm' then error('Invalid initial "ghi". Use "yi" instead.') end if text:match('ghu') and locs ~= 'cm' then error('Invalid initial "ghu". Use "wu" instead.') end if text:match('%f[%l]y%f[%L]') then error('Invalid syllable "y"') end if text:match('%f[%l]y[nq]') then error('Invalid syllable "yn" or "yq"') end if text:match('gn[aeou]') then error('Palatalization expected. Insert an "i" after the "gn".') end if text:match('uw') then error(('Invalid syllable in "%s".'):format(text)) end if locs:find('cm') and (text:find('ueu') or text:find('uon') or text:find('ui')) then error('cm: Mutation-only final found.') end if locs:find('sh') and text:match('[234]') then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track("wuu-pron/sh-tone-234") --error('sh: Incorrect tone number used.') end for syl in text:gmatch("[%d%l%u]+") do if not syl:match("%d") then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track("wuu-pron/no-tone") if locs ~= "sh" then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track("wuu-pron/no-tone-other") end end end return nil end function export.ipa_syl_conv(text, loc, initials, finals, syllabics, i, main_tone, tone) -- get ipa from tables local initial, final = text:match("^([td]?[pbmfvtdnlszcjghk][hng]?)(.+)$") local if_syllabic = syllabics[text] if loc == 'sx' and text == 'gn' then if_syllabic = "ɲ̩" end if not initial or if_syllabic then initial, final = '', text end if loc == 'cm' then -- mutation local mutated_initial = i > 1 and initial == "z" and "z" local preglottal = "" if tone ~= "0" and (mutated_initial or initial:find("^g?[mnl]") or initial == "") then preglottal = (i > 1 or main_tone:find("^[1357]$")) and "ʔ" or "ɦ" end return preglottal .. (mutated_initial or initials(initial,loc)) .. (if_syllabic or finals(final,loc)) end return initials(initial,loc) .. (if_syllabic or finals(final,loc)) end function export.wugniu_to_ipa(original_text, loc, initials, finals, syllabics, tones) local text, conv_text = "", "" local tone_number = "" original_text = original_text:gsub(" (%l+)(%d%u?)", ' %2%1') if loc == 'cm' then original_text = original_text:gsub("%f[%l]yi?","i"):gsub("%f[%l]wu?","u") else original_text = original_text:gsub("%f[%l]yi?","ghi"):gsub("%f[%l]wu?","ghu") end local reading = mw.text.split(original_text, ",", true) local syllable = {} local syl_tone = {} for reading_index = 1, #reading, 1 do local components = mw.text.split(reading[reading_index], "&", true) for component_index = 1, #components do local indep_words = mw.text.split(components[component_index], "+", true) for indep_index = 1, #indep_words do text = indep_words[indep_index] tone_number = text:sub(1, 1) local tone = tones(text, loc) text = text:gsub("[^ %l]+", "") local syllable = mw.text.split(text, " ", true) local syl_tone = mw.text.split(tone, " ", true) for i = 1, #syllable, 1 do --RPS if i == #syllable and indep_words[indep_index + 1] and tone ~= "³³" then syl_tone[i] = RPS_tone_determ(#syllable, tone_number, loc) end syllable[i] = (syllable[i] ~= "" and export.ipa_syl_conv(syllable[i], loc, initials, finals, syllabics, i, tone_number, syl_tone[i]) or "") .. (syl_tone[i] == "0" and "" or syl_tone[i]) end indep_words[indep_index] = table.concat(syllable, " ") end components[component_index] = table.concat(indep_words, " &nbsp;") end reading[reading_index] = table.concat(components, " ") end return table.concat(reading, "/, /") end function export.wikt_to_wugniu(text) require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track("wuu-pron/legacy") if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end return text --initials :gsub("'+", {["'"]=""}) :gsub("%f[%l][jqx][jx]?", {j="c", jj="j", q="ch", x="sh", xx="zh"}) :gsub("%f[%l]ny", "gn") :gsub("%f[%l]hh", "gh") --vowels :gsub("un", "uen") :gsub("yoe", "ioe") :gsub("y", "iu") :gsub("aan", "aon") :gsub("%f[er]r", "y") --syllabics :gsub("g?h?mm", "m") :gsub("g?h?ngg", "ng") --tones :gsub("[2-5]", {['2']='5', ['3']='6', ['4']='7', ['5']='8'}) --gh rules :gsub("ghi", "yi") :gsub("yi%f[aeou]", "y") :gsub("ghu", "wu") :gsub("wu%f[aeo]", "w") end local function wugniu_to_wikt(text) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end --initials return export.wugniu_format(text :gsub("%f[%l][cjszg][nh]?", {c="j", ch="q", j="jj", sh="x", zh="xx", gn="ny", gh="hh"}) :gsub("%f[%l]yi?", "hhi") :gsub("wu?", "hhu") --vowels :gsub("y%f[%L]", "r") :gsub("uen", "un") :gsub("ioe", "yoe") :gsub("iu", "y") :gsub("aon", "aan") --syllabics :gsub("%f[%l][mn]g?%f[%L]", {m="mm",n="nn",ng="ngg"}) --initial hh and ' :gsub("([157])([mnl])", "%1'%2") :gsub("([68])([mn][mng]g?)%f[%L]", "%1hh%2") --tones :gsub("[5-8]", {['5']='2', ['6']='3', ['7']='4', ['8']='5'})) end --[[學堂拼音 → 錢拼 local function wugniu_to_qian(text) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end --initials return export.wugniu_format(text gn → n sh zh → x xh gh w y → hh wh yh b d g m n l j → bh dh gh mh nh lh jh ng → nhg v z → fh sh ts tsh c ch → z c j q 'mh 'nh 'lh 'nhg → m n l ng --rimes q → k aon on en → ang ong eng au eu → ao ou (ae/e split, but no way to do this on enwikt) word-initial i and u → yi wu (eg. 一 iq → yik) iuk → yuik rules regarding the i in iu behaves exactly like the diaresis in Pinyin ü --syllabics: NO CHANGE: m n ng er → m n ng er --tones: 5, 6, 7, 8 UNMARKED, 1: APOSTROPHE IN FRONT 天: 'ti, 去 qu, 定 dhin, 不 bek, 日 nik SPACES between syllables, not dashes ]] function export.wugniu_format(text, loc) -- 1a a 1a 1a3 a1 -> ^1a-a-a_1-^1a_3-a_1 -- 1a3-3a5 -> ^1a_3-^3a_5 return text :gsub("[%- &+,]", {["-"]="", [" "]="-", ["&"]=" ", ["+"]=" ", [","]="; "}) :gsub("(%-?)(%d?%u?)('?%l+)(%d?%u?)", function(dash, tone1, main, tone2) if dash == '-' and tone2 == '' then tone1, tone2 = tone2, tone1 end if tone1 ~= '' then tone1 = '<sup>' .. tone1 .. '</sup>' end if tone2 ~= '' then tone2 = '<sub>' .. tone2 .. '</sub>' end return dash .. tone1 .. main .. tone2 end) end local function wikt_format(text) return export.wugniu_format(text) end local function minidict_format(text) -- 1A3 3B5 3C D3 E -> A^3 B^5 C^3 D^3 E -- 1A B -> A^1 B return text :gsub("-", "") :gsub("[&+]", " ") :gsub(",", "; ") :gsub("0", "") :gsub("[1-8]?(%l+)([1-8])", '%1<sup>%2</sup>') :gsub("([1-8])(%l+)", '%2<sup>%1</sup>') :gsub("%f[%l]([mnlr]%l*)(<sup>[1357]</sup>)", "'%1%2") :gsub("[1-8]",{ ["1"]="平",["2"]="平", ["3"]="上",["4"]="上", ["5"]="去",["6"]="去", ["7"]="入",["8"]="入", }) end function export.wugniu_to_minidict(text, loc) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end text = text:gsub('%f[%l][yw]', {y = 'yi', w = 'wu'}) if loc == 'sx' then text = text:gsub("[ei]+[nq]",{een="en",en="eon",iq="ieq"}) elseif loc == 'hz' then -- are we dealing with mergers? text = text:gsub("[aeiu]+q?%f[%L]",{eu="ei",ieu="iu",aq="eq",iaq="ieq",iq="ieq",uaq="ueq"}) elseif loc == 'sz' or loc == 'cz' then text = text:gsub("%f[%l]yie%f[%L]", "yiie") -- ye > yie elseif loc == 'nb' then text = text:gsub("yu%f[nq]", "oe") elseif loc == 'sh' then text = text:gsub("ie%f[%L]", "iae") elseif loc == 'cm' then text = text:gsub("<sup>→%l+</sup>", "") elseif loc == 'jd' then text = text:gsub("ue%f[%L]", "uie") end return minidict_format(text --finals & syllabic :gsub("iu([nq])", "iui%1") :gsub("gher", "r") :gsub("er", "r") :gsub("q", "h")) --initials --Glottal stops? text = text:gsub("", "'") :gsub("gn", "ny") :gsub("nyi%f[aeou]", "ny") :gsub('yi([aeiou])', 'y%1') :gsub('wu([aeiou])', 'w%1') end -- various boilerplates function export.name_boilerplate(name, wiki) return '<i>[[w:' .. (wiki or name..' dialect') .. '|' .. name.. ']]</i>' end function export.consolas(text) return '<span class="zhpron-monospace">' .. text .. '</span>' end function export.wugniu_boilerplate(text) return '\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Wu|Wugniu]]</i></small>: ' .. export.consolas(text) end function export.minidict_boilerplate(text) return '\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Wu|MiniDict]]</i></small>: ' .. export.consolas(text) end function export.wikt_boilerplate(text) return '\n*** <small><i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Wu|Wiktionary Romanisation]] (Shanghai)</i></small>: ' .. export.consolas(text) end function export.IPA_boilerplate(text, name, wiki) text = text:gsub("(/?[^ /,]*/[^ /,]*/?)", '<span style="white-space: nowrap;">%1</span>') return '\n*** <small>Sinological [[Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]' .. ' (' .. export.name_boilerplate(name, wiki) .. ')</small>: ' .. '<span class="IPA">/' .. text .. '/</span>' end local function preprocess_IPA(text, loc) if loc == 'hz' then return text:gsub("%f[%l]([td]?[sz]h?u)%f[aeonq]", "%1w") elseif loc == 'sx' then return text:gsub("[^,&]+%+[^,&]+", function(chain) local tone1,mode,word1,tone2,word2 = chain:match("^(%d)([AP]?)(%l+)%+(%d)(%l+)$") if not tone1 then error("sx: Wrong chain format.") end if mode == '' then mode = 'O' end if mode == 'A' then return tone1..'A'..word1..'&'..tone2..word2 end return tone1..word1..' '..tone2..mode..word2 end):gsub("#(%d)","%1N") elseif loc == 'cm' then return text:gsub("%f[%l]%l+<(%l*)>","%1") end return text end local function preprocess_wugniu(text, loc) if loc == 'jx' then return text:gsub("3[AB]","3") elseif loc == 'cm' then return text:gsub("[CMPR][VCN]?","") :gsub("%f[%l](%l*)<(%l*)>(%l*)(%d?)","%1%3%4<sup>→%2%3</sup>") elseif loc == 'sx' then return text:gsub("[#CAP]","") end return text end local function preprocess_mutation(text, locs) if locs:find('cm') then text = text:gsub(" (%d?C?)([vzgd]h?)([%w<>]+)", function(tone, initial, final) local mutated_initial = ({v="u",zh="",gh=""})[initial] if mutated_initial == "u" and final:find("^u") then mutated_initial = "" elseif initial == "d" and final:find("^i") then mutated_initial = "l" end if final:find("<") or not mutated_initial then return " "..tone..initial..final end return " "..tone..initial.."<"..mutated_initial..">"..final end) end if text:find("<") and locs ~= "cm" then error("cm: Mutation is incompatible with collapsing.") end return text end function export.make(text, w_count) if not text:match(':') then -- assume Shanghainese text = 'sh:'..text end local show = "" local hide = "" local roms = {} local input_seen, duplicated = {}, false text = mw.text.split(text, ';', true) local show_name = "<i>[[w:Taihu Wu|Northern]]</i>" if #text == 1 and text[1]:find("^..:") then -- single locality local loc = text[1]:sub(1,2) show_name = export.name_boilerplate(loc_names[loc], wiki_names[loc]) end for i = 1,#text,1 do local s = mw.text.split(text[i], ':', true) if not duplicated then if input_seen[s[2]] then duplicated = true end input_seen[s[2]] = true end if #s ~= 2 or #s[1] == 0 then error("Wugniu: prefix is required or too many prefixes") end local locs, t = mw.text.split(s[1], ',', true), s[2] rom_check(t, s[1]) t = preprocess_mutation(t, s[1]) local list = {} local format_text = t for _, loc in ipairs(locs) do if loc_names[loc] then list[loc] = true else error('Wugniu: prefix "' .. loc .. '" is not recognized') end format_text = preprocess_wugniu(format_text, loc) end local wugniu_text = export.wugniu_format(format_text, locs[1]) table.insert(roms,wugniu_text) local names = {} local minidicts = {} local minidicts_seen = {} local IPAs = {} for _, loc in ipairs(order) do if list[loc] then table.insert(names, export.name_boilerplate(loc_names[loc], wiki_names[loc])) if minidict[loc] then local minidict_result = export.wugniu_to_minidict(format_text, loc) if not minidicts_seen[minidict_result] then table.insert(minidicts, minidict_result) minidicts_seen[minidict_result] = true end end local ipa_text = preprocess_IPA(t, loc) ipa_text = export.wugniu_to_ipa(ipa_text, loc, get_initial, get_final, ipa_syllabic, get_tone) table.insert(IPAs,export.IPA_boilerplate(ipa_text, loc_names[loc], wiki_names[loc])) end end hide = hide .. '\n** <small>(<i>[[w:Taihu Wu|Northern]]</i>: ' .. table.concat(names,', ') .. ')</small>' hide = hide .. export.wugniu_boilerplate(wugniu_text) for _,minidict_text in ipairs(minidicts) do hide = hide .. export.minidict_boilerplate(minidict_text) end if list.sh then hide = hide .. export.wikt_boilerplate(wugniu_to_wikt(format_text)) end hide = hide .. table.concat(IPAs, '') end if not w_count or w_count > 1 then show = '\n** <small>('..show_name..')</small>: ' .. export.consolas(table.concat(roms, ' / ')) else show = ' <small>('..show_name..', <i>[[Wiktionary:About Chinese/Wu|Wugniu]]</i>)</small>: ' .. export.consolas(table.concat(roms, ' / ')) end if duplicated then require("Module:Wt/mnc/debug").track("wuu-pron/duplicated") end return show, hide end return export i83pgb8c65vw42gyzf69vqusu6xbom2 828 3786364 7240867 2026-07-06T10:28:09Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local data = {} --[[ sh - Shanghai 上海市區方言誌 jd - Jiading 嘉定方言研究 sj - Songjiang 松江方言研究 cm - Chongming 崇明方言研究 cs - Chuansha 上海地區方言調查研究 + 川沙方言同音字表 + 川沙縣誌 sz - Suzhou 蘇州方言語音研究 ks - Kunshan 吳氏：崑山方言研究 + 當代吳語研究 yx - Yixing 宜興方言同音字彙 + 宜興縣誌 cz - Changzhou 當代吳語研究 jj - Jingjiang..." 7240867 Scribunto text/plain local data = {} --[[ sh - Shanghai 上海市區方言誌 jd - Jiading 嘉定方言研究 sj - Songjiang 松江方言研究 cm - Chongming 崇明方言研究 cs - Chuansha 上海地區方言調查研究 + 川沙方言同音字表 + 川沙縣誌 sz - Suzhou 蘇州方言語音研究 ks - Kunshan 吳氏：崑山方言研究 + 當代吳語研究 yx - Yixing 宜興方言同音字彙 + 宜興縣誌 cz - Changzhou 當代吳語研究 jj - Jingjiang 靖江縣誌 jx - Jiaxing 當代吳語研究 tx - Tongxiang 桐鄉方言誌 hn - Haining (Xiashi) 海寧方言誌 hy - Haiyan 海鹽方言誌 dq - Deqing 德清縣誌 + 德清話聲韻調之研究 hz - Hangzhou 杭州方言音檔 + 杭州方言の聲調 xs - Xiaoshan 蕭山方言同音字彙 + 蕭山方言研究 + 蕭山市志 fy - Fuyang 富陽方言研究 sx - Shaoxing 紹興方言研究 cx - Cixi 慈溪市誌 + 浙江慈溪方言聲調實驗研究 (RPS understanding needed) nb - Ningbo 當代吳語研究 zs - Zhoushan 舟山方言兩字組的連讀變調 + 舟山方言研究 + 舟山方言 (samdhi understanding needed) ]] data.ipa_final = { ['sh'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["o"] = "o", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["eu"] = "ɤ", ["e"] = "e", ["oe"] = "ø", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["io"] = "io", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["ieu"] = "iɤ", ["ie"] = "ie", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["ue"] = "ue", ["uoe"] = "uø", ["iu"] = "y", ["ioe"] = "yø", ["an"] = "ã", ["aon"] = "ɑ̃", ["en"] = "ən", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["ian"] = "iã", ["iaon"] = "iɑ̃", ["in"] = "in", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["iq"] = "iɪʔ", ["uan"] = "uã", ["uaon"] = "uɑ̃", ["uen"] = "uən", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["ueq"] = "uəʔ", ["iun"] = "yn", ["iuq"] = "yɪʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩" }, ['jd'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["o"] = "o", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["ae"] = "e", ["oe"] = "ø", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["iae"] = "ie̞", ["io"] = "iu", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["ie"] = "ɪ", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uae"] = "ue̞", ["ue"] = "uɪ", ["iu"] = "y", ["ioe"] = "yø", ["an"] = "ã", ["aon"] = "ɑ̃", ["en"] = "əŋ", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["aoq"] = "ɔʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["ian"] = "iã", ["iaon"] = "iɑ̃", ["in"] = "iŋ", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["iaoq"] = "iɔʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["iq"] = "iɪʔ", ["uan"] = "uã", ["uaon"] = "uɑ̃", ["uen"] = "uəŋ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["uaoq"] = "uɔʔ", ["uoq"] = "uoʔ", ["ueq"] = "uəʔ", ["iun"] = "yŋ", ["er"] = "øl", ["y"] = "z̩", ["yu"] = "z̩ʷ" }, ['sj'] = { ["a"] = "ɑ", ["ae"] = "ɛ", ["e"] = "e", ["oe"] = "ø", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["o"] = "o", ["eu"] = "ɯ", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "iɑ", ["iae"] = "iɛ", ["ie"] = "ie", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["io"] = "io", ["iu"] = "iu", ["ieu"] = "iɯ", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "uɑ", ["uae"] = "uɛ", ["ue"] = "ue", ["uiau"] = "uiɔ", --uiau: necessary? ["iu"] = "y", ["ioe"] = "yø", ["an"] = "æ̃", ["aon"] = "ɒ̃", ["en"] = "əŋ", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["ian"] = "iæ̃", ["iaon"] = "iɒ̃", ["in"] = "iŋ", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["uan"] = "uæ̃", ["uaon"] = "uɒ̃", ["uen"] = "uəŋ", ["iun"] = "yœ̃", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["aeq"] = "æʔ", ["oeq"] = "œʔ", ["aoq"] = "ɒʔ", ["eoq"] = "ʌʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["iaeq"] = "iæʔ", ["iaoq"] = "iɒʔ", ["ieq"] = "iʌʔ", ["iq"] = "iɪʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["uaeq"] = "uæʔ", ["uaoq"] = "uɒʔ", ["ueq"] = "uəʔ", ["iuq"] = "yœʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩" }, ['cm'] = { ["a"] = "ɑ", ["e"] = "e", ["oe"] = "ø", ["ai"] = "ɛ", ["ae"] = "æ", ["eu"] = "ɵ", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["o"] = "o", ["ei"] = "ei", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "iɑ", ["ie"] = "ie", ["iai"] = "iɛ", ["iae"] = "iæ", ["ieu"] = "iɵ", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["io"] = "io", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "uɑ", ["ue"] = "ue", ["uai"] = "uɛ", ["uae"] = "uæ", ["uo"] = "uo", ["uei"] = "uei", ["iu"] = "y", ["ioe"] = "yø", ["en"] = "ən", ["an"] = "ã", ["aon"] = "ɑ̃", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["in"] = "in", ["ian"] = "iã", ["iaon"] = "iɑ̃", ["uen"] = "uən", ["uan"] = "uã", ["uaon"] = "uɑ̃", ["iun"] = "yn", ["ion"] = "yoŋ", --missing ɔ~, iɔ~ ["aeq"] = "æʔ", ["aq"] = "ɑʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["oeq"] = "øʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["iaq"] = "iɑʔ", ["iq"] = "iəʔ", ["uaeq"] = "uæʔ", ["uaq"] = "uɑʔ", ["ueq"] = "uəʔ", ["uoq"] = "uoʔ", ["ioeq"] = "yøʔ", ["ioq"] = "yoʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩", -- only used in mutations: ["ueu"] = "uɵ", ["uon"] = "uoŋ", ["ui"] = "ui" }, ['cs'] = { -- 與學堂一致：io = iau, uo = o; uoeq, ieon, eoq 皆存 ["a"] = "a", ["o"] = "o", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["eu"] = "ɤ", ["e"] = "e", ["ae"] = "ɛ", ["oe"] = "ø", ["i"] = "i", ["iuu"] = "iu", ["ia"] = "ia", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["ieu"] = "iɤ", ["ioe"] = "yø", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["ue"] = "ue", ["uae"] = "uɛ", ["iu"] = "y", ["an"] = "ã", ["aon"] = "ɑ", ["en"] = "ən", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["ian"] = "iã", ["iaon"] = "iɑ", ["in"] = "in", ["ieon"] = "iʌŋ", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["uan"] = "uã", ["uaon"] = "uɑ", ["uen"] = "uən", ["iun"] = "yn", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["aeq"] = "æʔ", ["oeq"] = "œʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["eoq"] = "ʌʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["aoq"] = "ɔʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["iaeq"] = "iæʔ", ["ioeq"] = "yœʔ", ["iq"] = "iɪʔ", ["ieq"] = "iʌʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["iaoq"] = "iɔʔ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["uaeq"] = "uæʔ", ["uoeq"] = "uœʔ", ["ueq"] = "uəʔ", ["uaoq"] = "uɔʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩", }, ['sz'] = { ["a"] = "ɑ", ["o"] = "o", ["au"] = "æ", ["eu"] = "øy", ["e"] = "e", ["oe"] = "ø", ["ou"] = "əu", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "iɑ", ["io"] = "io", ["iau"] = "iæ", ["ieu"] = "ʏ", ["ioe"] = "iø", ["ie"] = "ɪ", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "uɑ", ["ue"] = "ue", ["uoe"] = "uø", ["iu"] = "y", ["ioe"] = "yø", ["an"] = "ã", ["aon"] = "ɑ̃", ["en"] = "ən", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["aq"] = "ɑʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["aeq"] = "aʔ", ["ian"] = "iã", ["iaon"] = "iɑ̃", ["in"] = "in", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["iaq"] = "iɑʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["iq"] = "iɪʔ", ["iaeq"] = "iaʔ", ["uan"] = "uã", ["uaon"] = "uɑ̃", ["uen"] = "uən", ["ueq"] = "uəʔ", ["uaeq"] = "uaʔ", ["iun"] = "yn", ["iuq"] = "yəʔ", ["iuaeq"] = "yaʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩", ["yu"] = "z̩ʷ" }, ['ks'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["ae"] = "ɛ", ["oe"] = "ø", ["o"] = "o", ["e"] = "ei", ["ou"] = "əu", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["ie"] = "ɪ", ["ioe"] = "iø", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uae"] = "uɛ", ["uoe"] = "uø", ["ue"] = "uei", ["iu"] = "y", ["en"] = "ən", ["an"] = "ã", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["in"] = "in", ["ian"] = "iã", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["uen"] = "uən", ["uan"] = "uã", ["iun"] = "yn", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["iq"] = "iəʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["ueq"] = "uəʔ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["iuq"] = "yəʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩", ["yu"] = "z̩ʷ" }, ['yx'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["o"] = "o", ["ou"] = "ʊ", ["ai"] = "ɛ", ["e"] = "ə", ["e"] = "ə", ["au"] = "au", ["eu"] = "əu", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["io"] = "io", ["ie"] = "iɪ", ["iau"] = "iau", ["ieu"] = "iəu", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uai"] = "uɛ", ["ue"] = "uə", ["iu"] = "y", ["an"] = "aŋ", ["en"] = "ən", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["ian"] = "iaŋ", ["in"] = "in", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["uan"] = "uaŋ", ["uen"] = "uən", ["iun"] = "yən", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["iq"] = "iəʔ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["ueq"] = "uəʔ", ["iuq"] = "yəʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩", }, ['cz'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["ae"] = "ɛ", ["oe"] = "ɵ", ["o"] = "o", ["ie"] = "ɪ", ["ai"] = "ai", ["ei"] = "ei", ["au"] = "aɯ", ["ou"] = "ɤɯ", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ioe"] = "iɵ", ["io"] = "io", ["iau"] = "iaɯ", ["iou"] = "iɤɯ", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uae"] = "uɛ", ["uoe"] = "uɵ", ["uai"] = "uai", ["iu"] = "y", ["an"] = "aŋ", ["en"] = "əŋ", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["ian"] = "iaŋ", ["in"] = "iŋ", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["uan"] = "uaŋ", ["uen"] = "uəŋ", ["iun"] = "yiŋ", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["iq"] = "iɪʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["ueq"] = "uəʔ", ["iuq"] = "yeʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩", ["yu"] = "z̩ʷ" }, ['jj'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["ai"] = "ɛ", ["ou"] = "ə", ["o"] = "o", ["e"] = "e", ["eu"] = "ʏ", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["iai"] = "iɛ", ["ieu"] = "iʏ", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uai"] = "uɛ", ["ue"] = "ue", ["iu"] = "y", ["iua"] = "ya", ["iuai"] = "yɛ", ["iou"] = "yə", ["iue"] = "ye", ["aen"] = "ã", ["oen"] = "ũ", ["en"] = "əŋ", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["an"] = "aŋ", ["ienn"] = "iɪ̃", ["iaen"] = "iã", ["ioen"] = "iũ", ["in"] = "iŋ", ["ien"] = "iəŋ", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["ian"] = "iaŋ", ["uaen"] = "uã", ["uen"] = "uəŋ", ["uan"] = "uaŋ", ["iun"] = "yəŋ", ["iuan"] = "yaŋ", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["oq"] = "ɔʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["oeq"] = "oʔ", ["iq"] = "ieʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["ioq"] = "iɔʔ", ["ieq"] = "iəʔ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["ueq"] = "uəʔ", ["iuaq"] = "yaʔ", ["ioeq"] = "yoʔ", ["er"] = "er", ["y"] = "z̩", }, ['jx'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["ae"] = "ɛ", ["e"] = "e", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["oe"] = "ɤə", ["o"] = "o", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["iae"] = "iɛ", ["ie"] = "ie", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["ieu"] = "iəu", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uae"] = "uɛ", ["ue"] = "ue", ["uoe"] = "uɤə", ["iu"] = "y", ["ioe"] = "yɤə", ["en"] = "ən", ["an"] = "ã", ["aon"] = "ɑ̃", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["in"] = "in", ["ian"] = "iã", ["iaon"] = "iɑ̃", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["uen"] = "un", ["yan"] = "uã", ["uaon"] = "uɑ̃", ["iun"] = "yn", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["iq"] = "iɪʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["ueq"] = "uəʔ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["iuq"] = "yəʔ", ["er"] = "l̩", ["y"] = "z̩", ["yu"] = "z̩ʷ" }, ['tx'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["ae"] = "æ", ["e"] = "ɛ", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["o"] = "o", ["eu"] = "əɯ", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["iae"] = "iæ", ["ie"] = "iɛ", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["ieu"] = "iəɯ", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uae"] = "uæ", ["ui"] = "ui", ["ue"] = "uɛ", ["an"] = "ã", ["aon"] = "ɔ̃", ["en"] = "ən", ["on"] = "õ", ["ian"] = "iã", ["iaon"] = "iɔ̃", ["in"] = "in", ["ion"] = "ion", ["uan"] = "uã", ["uaon"] = "uɔ̃", ["uen"] = "un", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["iq"] = "iəʔ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["ueq"] = "uəʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩" }, ['hn'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["o"] = "o", ["e"] = "e", ["oe"] = "ɤ", ["ae"] = "ɛ", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["eu"] = "ɤɯ", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ie"] = "ie", ["iae"] = "iɛ", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["ieu"] = "iɤɯ", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["ue"] = "ue", ["uoe"] = "uɤ", ["uae"] = "uɛ", ["en"] = "ən", ["an"] = "ã", ["aon"] = "ɑ̃", ["on"] = "õ", ["in"] = "in", ["ian"] = "iã", ["iaon"] = "iɑ̃", ["ion"] = "ion", ["uen"] = "uən", ["uan"] = "uã", ["uaon"] = "uɑ̃", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["iq"] = "iəʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["ueq"] = "uəʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩" }, ['hy'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["ae"] = "ɛ", ["o"] = "o", ["e"] = "e", ["oe"] = "ə", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ie"] = "iɛ", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["ieu"] = "iɤ", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uae"] = "uɛ", ["ue"] = "ue", ["uoe"] = "uə", ["iu"] = "y", ["ioe"] = "yə", ["an"] = "ã", ["en"] = "ən", ["aon"] = "ɔ̃", ["on"] = "õ", ["ian"] = "iã", ["in"] = "iən", ["iaon"] = "iɔ̃", ["ion"] = "iõ", ["uan"] = "ã", ["uen"] = "uən", ["uaon"] = "ɔ̃", ["iun"] = "yən", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["iq"] = "iəʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["er"] = "l̩", ["y"] = "z̩" }, ['dq'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["uo"] = "uɔ", ["e"] = "ɛ", ["oe"] = "ɤ", ["i"] = "i", ["ieu"] = "iʏ", ["ia"] = "ia", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["ie"] = "ie", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uo"] = "uɔ", ["ue"] = "uɛ", ["uoe"] = "uɤ", ["an"] = "ã", ["en"] = "ən", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["ian"] = "iã", ["in"] = "in", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["uan"] = "uã", ["uen"] = "uən", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["iq"] = "iəʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["uoq"] = "uoʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩" }, ['hz'] = { ["a"] = "ɑ", ["e"] = "ɛ", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["o"] = "o", ["ei"] = "ei", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "iɑ", ["ie"] = "iɛ", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["ieu"] = "iø", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["ue"] = "uɛ", ["uo"] = "uo", ["uei"] = "ui", ["iu"] = "y", ["aen"] = "ẽ̞", ["en"] = "en", ["an"] = "ɑŋ", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["aq"] = "ɑʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["ien"] = "iẽ̞", ["in"] = "in", ["ian"] = "iæ̃", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["iaq"] = "iɑʔ", ["iq"] = "iəʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["uen"] = "un", ["uan"] = "uæ̃", ["uon"] = "uõ", ["uaq"] = "uɑʔ", ["uoq"] = "uoʔ", ["iuon"] = "yõ", ["iun"] = "yn", ["iuq"] = "yəʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩", ["yu"] = "z̩ʷ", -- old period, no official wugniu: ["eu"] = "ey", -- zw stuff ["uwa"] = "zʷa", ["uwe"] = "zʷɛ", ["uwei"] = "zʷei", ["uwan"] = "zʷæ̃", ["uwaq"] = "zʷɑʔ", ["uwon"] = "zʷõ", ["uwen"] = "zʷen", ["uweq"] = "zʷəʔ", }, ['xs'] = { --與學堂城厢點大體一致，欠大西之 eʔ 及 ieʔ，添 yo，但 ae 及 oe 具鼻音化 ["a"] = "a", ["e"] = "e", ["o"] = "o", ["au"] = "ɒ", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["io"] = "io", ["iau"] = "iɒ", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["ue"] = "ue", ["uo"] = "uo", ["iu"] = "y", ["iuo"] = "yo", ["ae"] = "ɛ̃", ["oe"] = "ə̃", ["ie"] = "iɛ̃", ["ioe"] = "yə̃", ["uae"] = "uɛ̃", ["uoe"] = "uə̃", ["an"] = "ã", ["aon"] = "ɒ̃", ["en"] = "əŋ", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["ian"] = "ã", ["in"] = "iŋ", ["uan"] = "uã", ["uaon"] = "uɒ̃", ["uen"] = "uəŋ", ["uon"] = "uoŋ", ["iuaon"] = "yɒ̃", ["iun"] = "yŋ", ["ion"] = "yoŋ", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["eq"] = "əʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["ioq"] = "yoʔ", ["iq"] = "iəʔ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["uoq"] = "uoʔ", ["er"] = "ɚ", ["y"] = "z̩" }, ['fy'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["ae"] = "ɛ", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["o"] = "o", ["ou"] = "ʊ", ["ei"] = "ei", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["iae"] = "iɛ", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["iou"] = "iʊ", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uae"] = "uɛ", ["uo"] = "uo", ["iu"] = "y", ["iuae"] = "yɛ", ["iuo"] = "yo", ["an"] = "ã", ["aen"] = "ɛ̃", ["aon"] = "ɔ̃", ["en"] = "eŋ", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["ian"] = "iã", ["iaen"] = "iɛ̃", ["in"] = "iŋ", ["uan"] = "uã", ["uaen"] = "uɛ̃", ["uaon"] = "uɔ̃", ["uen"] = "ueŋ", ["iuaen"] = "yɛ̃", ["iaon"] = "yɔ̃", ["iun"] = "yŋ", ["ion"] = "yoŋ", ["aq"] = "ɐʔ", ["eq"] = "eʔ", ["eoq"] = "əʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["iaq"] = "iɐʔ", ["iq"] = "iɪʔ", ["ioq"] = "yoʔ", ["uaq"] = "uɐʔ", ["uoq"] = "uoʔ", ["er"] = "l̩", ["y"] = "z̩" }, ['sx'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["e"] = "e", ["eu"] = "ɤ", ["au"] = "ɒ", ["o"] = "o", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["ie"] = "ie", ["ieu"] = "iɤ", ["iau"] = "iɒ", ["io"] = "io", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["ue"] = "ue", ["uo"] = "uo", ["iu"] = "y", ["aen"] = "æ̃", ["een"] = "ẽ", ["oen"] = "ø̃", ["an"] = "aŋ", ["en"] = "əŋ", ["aon"] = "ɒŋ", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["iaen"] = "iæ̃", ["ien"] = "iẽ", ["ioen"] = "iø̃", ["ian"] = "iaŋ", ["in"] = "iŋ", ["iaon"] = "iɒŋ", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["uaen"] = "uæ̃", ["uen"] = "uẽ", ["uoen"] = "uø̃", ["uan"] = "uaŋ", ["uaon"] = "uɒŋ", ["uon"] = "uoŋ", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["aeq"] = "æʔ", ["eq"] = "eʔ", ["eoq"] = "əʔ", ["oeq"] = "øʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["iq"] = "ieʔ", ["ioeq"] = "iøʔ", ["ioq"] = "ioʔ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["uaeq"] = "uæʔ", ["ueq"] = "ueʔ", ["uoeq"] = "uøʔ", ["uoq"] = "uoʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩" }, ['cx'] = { --check btwn sources ["a"] = "a", ["o"] = "o", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["e"] = "e", ["eu"] = "ɤ", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["io"] = "io", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["ieu"] = "iɤ", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uo"] = "uo", ["ue"] = "ue", ["iu"] = "y", ["an"] = "ã", ["aen"] = "æ̃", ["een"] = "ẽ", ["oen"] = "œ̃", ["aon"] = "ɔ̃", ["en"] = "əŋ", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["ian"] = "iã", ["ien"] = "iẽ", ["ioen"] = "yœ̃", ["iaon"] = "iɔ̃", ["in"] = "iŋ", ["iun"] = "yəŋ", ["ion"] = "ioŋ", ["uan"] = "uã", ["uaen"] = "uæ̃", ["uoen"] = "uœ̃", ["uaon"] = "uɔ̃", ["uen"] = "uəŋ", ["aq"] = "aʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["eq"] = "eʔ", ["iaq"] = "iaʔ", ["ioq"] = "yoʔ", ["iq"] = "ieʔ", ["iuq"] = "yeʔ", ["uaq"] = "uaʔ", ["ueq"] = "ueʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩", ["yu"] = "z̩ʷ" }, ['nb'] = { ["a"] = "a", ["o"] = "o", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["e"] = "e", ["ae"] = "ɛ", ["oe"] = "ø", ["ei"] = "ɐɪ", ["eu"] = "œʏ", ["ou"] = "əu", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["ie"] = "ie", ["ieu"] = "iʏ", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uo"] = "uo", ["uae"] = "uɛ", ["uei"] = "uɐɪ", ["iu"] = "y", ["io"] = "yo", ["an"] = "ã", ["aon"] = "ɔ̃", ["en"] = "əŋ", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["aq"] = "ɐʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["ian"] = "iã", ["in"] = "iŋ", ["iaq"] = "iɐʔ", ["iq"] = "iɪʔ", ["un"] = "ũ", ["uan"] = "uã", ["uaon"] = "uɔ̃", ["uen"] = "uəŋ", ["uaq"] = "uɐʔ", ["iun"] = "yəŋ", ["ion"] = "yoŋ", ["iuq"] = "yəʔ", ["ioq"] = "yoʔ", ["yun"] = "z̩ʷøŋ", ["yuq"] = "z̩ʷœʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩", ["yu"] = "z̩ʷ" }, ['zs'] = { --與學堂一致, ai = a~i, uɛ~ = uɛ ["a"] = "a", ["au"] = "ɔ", ["o"] = "o", ["e"] = "e", ["ei"] = "ai", ["ou"] = "au", ["ae"] = "ɛ", ["i"] = "i", ["ia"] = "ia", ["iau"] = "iɔ", ["ieu"] = "iu", ["iae"] = "iɛ", ["u"] = "u", ["ua"] = "ua", ["uo"] = "uo", ["ue"] = "ɔ", ["uei"] = "uai", ["uae"] = "uɛ", ["iu"] = "y", ["oen"] = "ø", ["an"] = "ã", ["aon"] = "ɔ", ["en"] = "ɐŋ", ["on"] = "oŋ", ["ien"] = "ĩ", ["ioen"] = "ỹ", ["ian"] = "iã", ["in"] = "iŋ", ["ion"] = "yoŋ", ["un"] = "ũ", ["uan"] = "uã", ["uaon"] = "uɔ", ["uen"] = "uɐŋ", ["aq"] = "ɐʔ", ["oq"] = "oʔ", ["iaq"] = "iɐʔ", ["iq"] = "iəʔ", ["uaq"] = "uɐʔ", ["iuq"] = "yɐʔ", ["er"] = "əl", ["y"] = "z̩", ["yu"] = "z̩ʷ" }, } data.tone_contours = { --if a lect is missing tone sandhi then uhh i'll add them later ['sh'] = { ["10"] = "", ["1-"] = "33", ["11"] = "53", ["21"] = "55 21", ["31"] = "55 33 21", ["41"] = "55 33 33 21", ["51"] = "55 33 33 33 21", ["15"] = "34", ["25"] = "33 44", ["35"] = "33 55 21", ["45"] = "33 55 33 21", ["55"] = "33 55 33 33 21", ["16"] = "23", ["26"] = "22 44", ["36"] = "22 55 21", ["46"] = "22 55 33 21", ["56"] = "22 55 33 33 21", ["17"] = "55", ["27"] = "33 44", ["37"] = "33 55 21", ["47"] = "33 55 33 21", ["57"] = "33 55 33 33 21", ["18"] = "12", ["28"] = "11 23", ["38"] = "11 22 23", ["48"] = "11 22 22 23", ["58"] = "22 55 33 33 21", --RPS ["1s"] = "44", ["5s"] = "44", ["6s"] = "33", ["7s"] = "44", ["8s"] = "22", ["multiple"] = "33" }, ['jd'] = { ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "53", ["12"] = "31", ["13"] = "34", ["14"] = "13", ["15"] = "34", ["16"] = "13", ["17"] = "55", ["18"] = "12", ["211"] = "55 21", ["212"] = "55 21", ["213"] = "45 21", ["214"] = "45 21", ["215"] = "33 44", ["216"] = "33 44", ["217"] = "55 21", ["218"] = "55 21", ["221"] = "22 53", ["222"] = "22 53", ["223"] = "24 21", ["224"] = "24 21", ["225"] = "23 44", ["226"] = "23 44", ["227"] = "24 21", ["228"] = "24 21", ["231"] = "35 21", ["232"] = "35 21", ["233"] = "35 21", ["234"] = "35 21", ["235"] = "33 53", ["236"] = "33 53", ["237"] = "35 21", ["238"] = "35 21", ["241"] = "22 53", ["242"] = "22 53", ["243"] = "24 21", ["244"] = "24 21", ["245"] = "22 24", ["246"] = "22 24", ["247"] = "24 21", ["248"] = "24 21", ["251"] = "35 21", ["252"] = "35 21", ["253"] = "35 21", ["254"] = "35 21", ["255"] = "44 44", ["256"] = "44 44", ["257"] = "35 21", ["258"] = "35 21", ["261"] = "22 53", ["262"] = "22 53", ["263"] = "24 21", ["264"] = "24 21", ["265"] = "24 44", ["266"] = "24 44", ["267"] = "24 21", ["268"] = "24 21", ["271"] = "44 53", ["272"] = "44 53", ["273"] = "44 21", ["274"] = "44 21", ["275"] = "44 44", ["276"] = "44 44", ["277"] = "44 21", ["278"] = "44 21", ["281"] = "11 24", ["282"] = "11 24", ["283"] = "11 24", ["284"] = "11 24", ["285"] = "11 24", ["286"] = "11 24", ["287"] = "22 44", ["288"] = "22 44", ["3111"] = "55 33 21", ["3112"] = "55 33 21", ["3113"] = "55 33 21", ["3114"] = "55 33 21", ["3115"] = "55 33 21", ["3116"] = "55 33 21", ["3117"] = "55 33 21", ["3118"] = "55 33 21", ["3121"] = "55 33 21", ["3122"] = "55 33 21", ["3123"] = "55 33 21", ["3124"] = "55 33 21", ["3125"] = "55 33 21", ["3126"] = "55 33 21", ["3127"] = "55 33 21", ["3128"] = "55 33 21", ["3131"] = "35 33 21", ["3132"] = "35 33 21", ["3133"] = "35 33 21", ["3134"] = "35 33 21", ["3135"] = "35 33 21", ["3136"] = "35 33 21", ["3137"] = "35 33 21", ["3138"] = "35 33 21", ["3141"] = "35 33 21", ["3142"] = "35 33 21", ["3143"] = "35 33 21", ["3144"] = "35 33 21", ["3145"] = "35 33 21", ["3146"] = "35 33 21", ["3147"] = "35 33 21", ["3148"] = "35 33 21", ["3151"] = "55 33 21", ["3152"] = "55 33 21", ["3153"] = "55 33 21", ["3154"] = "55 33 21", ["3155"] = "55 33 21", ["3156"] = "55 33 21", ["3157"] = "55 33 21", ["3158"] = "55 33 21", ["3161"] = "55 33 21", ["3162"] = "55 33 21", ["3163"] = "55 33 21", ["3164"] = "55 33 21", ["3165"] = "55 33 21", ["3166"] = "55 33 21", ["3167"] = "55 33 21", ["3168"] = "55 33 21", ["3171"] = "55 33 21", ["3172"] = "55 33 21", ["3173"] = "55 33 21", ["3174"] = "55 33 21", ["3175"] = "55 33 21", ["3176"] = "55 33 21", ["3177"] = "55 33 21", ["3178"] = "55 33 21", ["3181"] = "55 33 21", ["3182"] = "55 33 21", ["3183"] = "55 33 21", ["3184"] = "55 33 21", ["3185"] = "55 33 21", ["3186"] = "55 33 21", ["3187"] = "55 33 21", ["3188"] = "55 33 21", ["3211"] = "22 55 21", ["3212"] = "22 55 21", ["3213"] = "22 55 21", ["3214"] = "22 55 21", ["3215"] = "22 55 44", ["3216"] = "22 55 44", ["3217"] = "22 55 21", ["3218"] = "22 55 21", ["3221"] = "22 55 21", ["3222"] = "22 55 21", ["3223"] = "22 55 21", ["3224"] = "22 55 21", ["3225"] = "22 55 44", ["3226"] = "22 55 44", ["3227"] = "22 55 21", ["3228"] = "22 55 21", ["3231"] = "24 33 21", ["3232"] = "24 33 21", ["3233"] = "24 33 21", ["3234"] = "24 33 21", ["3235"] = "24 33 21", ["3236"] = "24 33 21", ["3237"] = "24 33 21", ["3238"] = "24 33 21", ["3241"] = "24 33 21", ["3242"] = "24 33 21", ["3243"] = "24 33 21", ["3244"] = "24 33 21", ["3245"] = "24 33 21", ["3246"] = "24 33 21", ["3247"] = "24 33 21", ["3248"] = "24 33 21", ["3251"] = "22 55 21", ["3252"] = "22 55 21", ["3253"] = "22 55 21", ["3254"] = "22 55 21", ["3255"] = "22 55 44", ["3256"] = "22 55 44", ["3257"] = "22 55 21", ["3258"] = "22 55 21", ["3261"] = "22 55 21", ["3262"] = "22 55 21", ["3263"] = "22 55 21", ["3264"] = "22 55 21", ["3265"] = "22 55 44", ["3266"] = "22 55 44", ["3267"] = "22 55 21", ["3268"] = "22 55 21", ["3271"] = "22 55 21", ["3272"] = "22 55 21", ["3273"] = "22 55 21", ["3274"] = "22 55 21", ["3275"] = "22 55 44", ["3276"] = "22 55 44", ["3277"] = "22 55 21", ["3278"] = "22 55 21", ["3281"] = "22 55 21", ["3282"] = "22 55 21", ["3283"] = "22 55 21", ["3284"] = "22 55 21", ["3285"] = "22 55 44", ["3286"] = "22 55 44", ["3287"] = "22 55 21", ["3288"] = "22 55 21", ["3311"] = "33 55 21", ["3312"] = "33 55 21", ["3313"] = "33 55 21", ["3314"] = "33 55 21", ["3315"] = "35 33 21", ["3316"] = "35 33 21", ["3317"] = "33 55 21", ["3318"] = "33 55 21", ["3321"] = "33 55 21", ["3322"] = "33 55 21", ["3323"] = "33 55 21", ["3324"] = "33 55 21", ["3325"] = "35 33 21", ["3326"] = "35 33 21", ["3327"] = "33 55 21", ["3328"] = "33 55 21", ["3331"] = "33 55 21", ["3332"] = "33 55 21", ["3333"] = "33 55 21", ["3334"] = "33 55 21", ["3335"] = "35 33 21", ["3336"] = "35 33 21", ["3337"] = "33 55 21", ["3338"] = "33 55 21", ["3341"] = "33 55 21", ["3342"] = "33 55 21", ["3343"] = "33 55 21", ["3344"] = "33 55 21", ["3345"] = "35 33 21", ["3346"] = "35 33 21", ["3347"] = "33 55 21", ["3348"] = "33 55 21", ["3351"] = "33 55 21", ["3352"] = "33 55 21", ["3353"] = "33 55 21", ["3354"] = "33 55 21", ["3355"] = "33 55 21", ["3356"] = "33 55 21", ["3357"] = "33 55 21", ["3358"] = "33 55 21", ["3361"] = "33 55 21", ["3362"] = "33 55 21", ["3363"] = "33 55 21", ["3364"] = "33 55 21", ["3365"] = "33 55 21", ["3366"] = "33 55 21", ["3367"] = "33 55 21", ["3368"] = "33 55 21", ["3371"] = "33 55 21", ["3372"] = "33 55 21", ["3373"] = "33 55 21", ["3374"] = "33 55 21", ["3375"] = "35 33 21", ["3376"] = "35 33 21", ["3377"] = "33 55 21", ["3378"] = "33 55 21", ["3381"] = "33 55 21", ["3382"] = "33 55 21", ["3383"] = "33 55 21", ["3384"] = "33 55 21", ["3385"] = "35 33 21", ["3386"] = "35 33 21", ["3387"] = "33 55 21", ["3388"] = "33 55 21", ["3411"] = "22 55 21", ["3412"] = "22 55 21", ["3413"] = "22 55 21", ["3414"] = "22 55 21", ["3415"] = "22 55 44", ["3416"] = "22 55 44", ["3417"] = "22 55 21", ["3418"] = "22 55 21", ["3421"] = "22 55 21", ["3422"] = "22 55 21", ["3423"] = "22 55 21", ["3424"] = "22 55 21", ["3425"] = "22 55 44", ["3426"] = "22 55 44", ["3427"] = "22 55 21", ["3428"] = "22 55 21", ["3431"] = "22 55 21", 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"22 55 44", ["3486"] = "22 55 44", ["3487"] = "22 55 21", ["3488"] = "22 55 21", ["3511"] = "33 55 21", ["3512"] = "33 55 21", ["3513"] = "33 55 21", ["3514"] = "33 55 21", ["3515"] = "24 33 21", ["3516"] = "24 33 21", ["3517"] = "33 55 21", ["3518"] = "33 55 21", ["3521"] = "33 55 21", ["3522"] = "33 55 21", ["3523"] = "33 55 21", ["3524"] = "33 55 21", ["3525"] = "24 33 21", ["3526"] = "24 33 21", ["3527"] = "33 55 21", ["3528"] = "33 55 21", ["3531"] = "55 33 21", ["3532"] = "55 33 21", ["3533"] = "35 33 21", ["3534"] = "35 33 21", ["3535"] = "35 33 21", ["3536"] = "35 33 21", ["3537"] = "35 33 21", ["3538"] = "35 33 21", ["3541"] = "24 33 21", ["3542"] = "24 33 21", ["3543"] = "24 33 21", ["3544"] = "24 33 21", ["3545"] = "24 33 21", ["3546"] = "24 33 21", ["3547"] = "24 33 21", ["3548"] = "24 33 21", ["3551"] = "44 44 53", ["3552"] = "44 44 53", ["3553"] = "44 44 53", ["3554"] = "44 44 53", ["3555"] = "44 44 53", ["3556"] = "44 44 53", ["3557"] = "44 44 53", ["3558"] = "44 44 53", ["3561"] = "44 44 53", ["3562"] = "44 44 53", ["3563"] = "44 44 53", ["3564"] = "44 44 53", ["3565"] = "44 44 53", ["3566"] = "44 44 53", ["3567"] = "44 44 53", ["3568"] = "44 44 53", ["3571"] = "33 55 21", ["3572"] = "33 55 21", ["3573"] = "33 55 21", ["3574"] = "33 55 21", ["3575"] = "35 33 21", ["3576"] = "35 33 21", ["3577"] = "33 55 21", ["3578"] = "33 55 21", ["3581"] = "33 55 21", ["3582"] = "33 55 21", ["3583"] = "33 55 21", ["3584"] = "33 55 21", ["3585"] = "35 33 21", ["3586"] = "35 33 21", ["3587"] = "33 55 21", ["3588"] = "33 55 21", ["3611"] = "22 55 21", ["3612"] = "22 55 21", ["3613"] = "22 55 21", ["3614"] = "22 55 21", ["3615"] = "22 55 44", ["3616"] = "22 55 44", ["3617"] = "22 55 21", ["3618"] = "22 55 21", ["3621"] = "22 55 21", ["3622"] = "22 55 21", ["3623"] = "22 55 21", ["3624"] = "22 55 21", ["3625"] = "22 55 44", ["3626"] = "22 55 44", ["3627"] = "22 55 21", ["3628"] = "22 55 21", ["3631"] = "22 55 21", ["3632"] = "22 55 21", ["3633"] = "22 55 21", ["3634"] = "22 55 21", ["3635"] = "24 33 21", ["3636"] = "24 33 21", ["3637"] = "24 33 21", ["3638"] = "24 33 21", ["3641"] = "24 33 21", ["3642"] = "24 33 21", ["3643"] = "24 33 21", ["3644"] = "24 33 21", ["3645"] = "24 33 21", ["3646"] = "24 33 21", ["3647"] = "24 33 21", ["3648"] = "24 33 21", ["3651"] = "22 55 21", ["3652"] = "22 55 21", ["3653"] = "22 55 21", ["3654"] = "22 55 21", ["3655"] = "22 55 44", ["3656"] = "22 55 44", ["3657"] = "22 55 21", ["3658"] = "22 55 21", ["3661"] = "22 55 21", ["3662"] = "22 55 21", ["3663"] = "22 55 21", ["3664"] = "22 55 21", ["3665"] = "22 55 44", ["3666"] = "22 55 44", ["3667"] = "22 55 21", ["3668"] = "22 55 21", ["3671"] = "22 55 21", ["3672"] = "22 55 21", ["3673"] = "22 55 21", ["3674"] = "22 55 21", ["3675"] = "22 55 44", ["3676"] = "22 55 44", ["3677"] = "22 55 21", ["3678"] = "22 55 21", ["3681"] = "22 55 21", ["3682"] = "22 55 21", ["3683"] = "22 55 21", ["3684"] = "22 55 21", ["3685"] = "22 55 44", ["3686"] = "22 55 44", ["3687"] = "22 55 21", ["3688"] = "22 55 21", ["3711"] = "33 55 21", ["3712"] = "33 55 21", ["3713"] = "33 55 21", ["3714"] = "33 55 21", ["3715"] = "33 55 44", ["3716"] = "33 55 44", ["3717"] = "33 55 21", ["3718"] = "33 55 21", ["3721"] = "33 55 21", ["3722"] = "33 55 21", ["3723"] = "33 55 21", ["3724"] = "33 55 21", ["3725"] = "33 55 44", ["3726"] = "33 55 44", ["3727"] = "33 55 21", ["3728"] = "33 55 21", ["3731"] = "33 55 21", ["3732"] = "33 55 21", ["3733"] = "33 55 21", ["3734"] = "33 55 21", ["3735"] = "33 55 21", ["3736"] = "33 55 21", ["3737"] = "33 55 21", ["3738"] = "33 55 21", ["3741"] = "33 55 21", ["3742"] = "33 55 21", ["3743"] = "33 55 21", ["3744"] = "33 55 21", ["3745"] = "33 55 21", ["3746"] = "33 55 21", ["3747"] = "33 55 21", ["3748"] = "33 55 21", ["3751"] = "33 55 21", ["3752"] = "33 55 21", ["3753"] = "33 55 21", ["3754"] = "33 55 21", ["3755"] = "33 55 44", ["3756"] = "33 55 44", ["3757"] = "33 55 21", ["3758"] = "33 55 21", ["3761"] = "33 55 21", ["3762"] = "33 55 21", ["3763"] = "33 55 21", ["3764"] = "33 55 21", ["3765"] = "33 55 44", ["3766"] = "33 55 44", ["3727"] = "33 55 21", ["3768"] = "33 55 21", ["3771"] = "33 55 21", ["3772"] = "33 55 21", ["3773"] = "33 55 21", ["3774"] = "33 55 21", ["3775"] = "33 55 44", ["3776"] = "33 55 44", ["3777"] = "33 55 21", ["3778"] = "33 55 21", ["3781"] = "33 55 21", ["3782"] = "33 55 21", ["3783"] = "33 55 21", ["3784"] = "33 55 21", ["3785"] = "33 55 44", ["3786"] = "33 55 44", ["3787"] = "33 55 21", ["3788"] = "33 55 21", ["3811"] = "11 11 24", ["3812"] = "11 11 24", ["3813"] = "11 11 24", ["3814"] = "11 11 24", ["3815"] = "11 11 24", ["3816"] = "11 11 24", ["3817"] = "11 11 24", ["3818"] = "11 11 24", ["3821"] = "11 11 24", ["3822"] = "11 11 24", ["3823"] = "11 11 24", ["3824"] = "11 11 24", ["3825"] = "11 11 24", ["3826"] = "11 11 24", ["3827"] = "11 11 24", ["3828"] = "11 11 24", ["3831"] = "22 55 21", ["3832"] = "22 55 21", ["3833"] = "22 55 21", ["3834"] = "22 55 21", ["3835"] = "22 55 21", ["3836"] = "22 55 21", 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= "53", ["12"] = "31", ["13"] = "44", ["14"] = "22", ["15"] = "35", ["16"] = "13", ["17"] = "44", ["18"] = "22", ["211"] = "35 53", ["212"] = "35 53", ["213"] = "35 53", ["214"] = "35 53", ["215"] = "55 31", ["216"] = "55 31", ["217"] = "53 31", ["218"] = "53 31", ["221"] = "15 53", ["222"] = "15 53", ["223"] = "15 53", ["224"] = "15 53", ["225"] = "24 31", ["226"] = "24 31", ["227"] = "22 22", ["228"] = "22 22", ["231"] = "35 31", ["232"] = "35 31", ["233"] = "35 31", ["234"] = "35 31", ["235"] = "44 44", ["236"] = "44 44", ["237"] = "35 31", ["238"] = "35 31", ["241"] = "24 31", ["242"] = "24 31", ["243"] = "24 31", ["244"] = "24 31", ["245"] = "22 35", ["246"] = "22 35", ["247"] = "24 31", ["248"] = "24 31", ["251"] = "53 31", ["252"] = "53 31", ["253"] = "53 31", ["254"] = "53 31", ["255"] = "44 44", ["256"] = "44 44", ["257"] = "35 31", ["258"] = "35 31", ["261"] = "22 22", ["262"] = "22 22", ["263"] = "22 22", ["264"] = "22 22", ["265"] = "22 35", ["266"] = "22 35", ["267"] = "24 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["3146"] = "35 55 31", ["3147"] = "55 33 31", ["3148"] = "55 33 31", ["3151"] = "55 33 31", ["3152"] = "55 33 31", ["3153"] = "55 33 31", ["3154"] = "55 33 31", ["3155"] = "55 33 31", ["3156"] = "55 33 31", ["3157"] = "55 33 31", ["3158"] = "55 33 31", ["3161"] = "55 33 31", ["3162"] = "55 33 31", ["3163"] = "55 33 31", ["3164"] = "55 33 31", ["3165"] = "55 33 31", ["3166"] = "55 33 31", ["3167"] = "55 33 31", ["3168"] = "55 33 31", ["3171"] = "35 55 31", ["3172"] = "35 55 31", ["3173"] = "55 33 31", ["3174"] = "55 33 31", ["3175"] = "55 33 31", ["3176"] = "55 33 31", ["3177"] = "55 33 31", ["3178"] = "55 33 31", ["3181"] = "35 55 31", ["3182"] = "35 55 31", ["3183"] = "55 33 31", ["3184"] = "55 33 31", ["3185"] = "55 33 31", ["3186"] = "55 33 31", ["3187"] = "55 33 31", ["3188"] = "55 33 31", ["3211"] = "13 55 31", ["3212"] = "13 55 31", ["3213"] = "13 55 31", ["3214"] = "13 55 31", ["3215"] = "13 55 31", ["3216"] = "13 55 31", ["3217"] = "22 22 22", ["3218"] = "22 22 22", ["3221"] = "13 55 31", ["3222"] = "13 55 31", ["3223"] = "13 55 31", ["3224"] = "13 55 31", ["3225"] = "13 55 31", ["3226"] = "13 55 31", ["3227"] = "22 22 22", ["3228"] = "22 22 22", ["3231"] = "24 33 31", ["3232"] = "24 33 31", ["3233"] = "24 33 31", ["3234"] = "24 33 31", ["3235"] = "13 55 31", ["3236"] = "13 55 31", ["3237"] = "24 33 31", ["3238"] = "24 33 31", ["3241"] = "24 33 31", ["3242"] = "24 33 31", ["3243"] = "24 33 31", ["3244"] = "24 33 31", ["3245"] = "13 55 31", ["3246"] = "13 55 31", ["3247"] = "24 33 31", ["3248"] = "24 33 31", ["3251"] = "24 33 31", ["3252"] = "24 33 31", ["3253"] = "24 33 31", ["3254"] = "24 33 31", ["3255"] = "24 33 31", ["3256"] = "24 33 31", ["3257"] = "24 33 31", ["3258"] = "24 33 31", ["3261"] = "24 33 31", ["3262"] = "24 33 31", ["3263"] = "24 33 31", ["3264"] = "24 33 31", ["3265"] = "24 33 31", ["3266"] = "24 33 31", ["3267"] = "22 22 22", ["3268"] = "22 22 22", ["3271"] = "13 55 31", ["3272"] = "13 55 31", ["3273"] = "22 22 22", ["3274"] = "22 22 22", 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"33 55 31", ["3351"] = "33 55 31", ["3352"] = "33 55 31", ["3353"] = "33 55 31", ["3354"] = "33 55 31", ["3355"] = "35 33 31", ["3356"] = "35 33 31", ["3357"] = "33 55 31", ["3358"] = "33 55 31", ["3361"] = "33 55 31", ["3362"] = "33 55 31", ["3363"] = "33 55 31", ["3364"] = "33 55 31", ["3365"] = "35 33 31", ["3366"] = "35 33 31", ["3367"] = "33 55 31", ["3368"] = "33 55 31", ["3371"] = "33 55 53", ["3372"] = "33 55 53", ["3373"] = "33 55 31", ["3374"] = "33 55 31", ["3375"] = "35 33 31", ["3376"] = "35 33 31", ["3377"] = "33 55 31", ["3378"] = "33 55 31", ["3381"] = "33 55 53", ["3382"] = "33 55 53", ["3383"] = "33 55 31", ["3384"] = "33 55 31", ["3385"] = "35 33 31", ["3386"] = "35 33 31", ["3387"] = "33 55 31", ["3388"] = "33 55 31", ["3411"] = "22 55 31", ["3412"] = "22 55 31", ["3413"] = "22 55 31", ["3414"] = "22 55 31", ["3415"] = "24 33 31", ["3416"] = "24 33 31", ["3417"] = "22 55 31", ["3418"] = "22 55 31", ["3421"] = "22 55 31", ["3422"] = "22 55 31", ["3423"] = "22 55 31", ["3424"] = "22 55 31", ["3425"] = "24 33 31", ["3426"] = "24 33 31", ["3427"] = "22 55 31", ["3428"] = "22 55 31", ["3431"] = "22 55 31", ["3432"] = "22 55 31", ["3433"] = "22 55 31", ["3434"] = "22 55 31", ["3435"] = "24 33 31", ["3436"] = "24 33 31", ["3437"] = "22 55 31", ["3438"] = "22 55 31", ["3441"] = "22 55 31", ["3442"] = "22 55 31", ["3443"] = "22 55 31", ["3444"] = "22 55 31", ["3445"] = "24 33 31", ["3446"] = "24 33 31", ["3447"] = "22 55 31", ["3448"] = "22 55 31", ["3451"] = "22 55 31", ["3452"] = "22 55 31", ["3453"] = "22 55 31", ["3454"] = "22 55 31", ["3455"] = "24 33 31", ["3456"] = "24 33 31", ["3457"] = "22 55 31", ["3458"] = "22 55 31", ["3461"] = "22 55 31", ["3462"] = "22 55 31", ["3463"] = "22 55 31", ["3464"] = "22 55 31", ["3465"] = "24 33 31", ["3466"] = "24 33 31", ["3467"] = "22 55 31", ["3468"] = "22 55 31", ["3471"] = "22 55 53", ["3472"] = "22 55 53", ["3473"] = "22 55 31", ["3474"] = "22 55 31", ["3475"] = "24 33 31", ["3476"] = "24 33 31", ["3477"] = "22 55 31", ["3478"] = "22 55 31", ["3481"] = "22 55 53", ["3482"] = "22 55 53", ["3483"] = "22 55 31", ["3484"] = "22 55 31", ["3485"] = "24 33 31", ["3486"] = "24 33 31", ["3487"] = "22 55 31", ["3488"] = "22 55 31", ["3511"] = "55 33 31", ["3512"] = "55 33 31", ["3513"] = "55 33 31", ["3514"] = "55 33 31", ["3515"] = "55 33 31", ["3516"] = "55 33 31", ["3517"] = "55 33 31", ["3518"] = "55 33 31", ["3521"] = "55 33 31", ["3522"] = "55 33 31", ["3523"] = "55 33 31", ["3524"] = "55 33 31", ["3525"] = "55 33 31", ["3526"] = "55 33 31", ["3527"] = "55 33 31", ["3528"] = "55 33 31", ["3531"] = "44 44 53", ["3532"] = "44 44 53", ["3533"] = "44 44 53", ["3534"] = "44 44 53", ["3535"] = "55 33 31", ["3536"] = "55 33 31", ["3537"] = "44 44 53", ["3538"] = "44 44 53", ["3541"] = "33 55 31", ["3542"] = "33 55 31", ["3543"] = "33 55 31", ["3544"] = "33 55 31", ["3545"] = "55 33 31", ["3546"] = "55 33 31", ["3547"] = "44 44 53", ["3548"] = "44 44 53", ["3551"] = "33 55 31", ["3552"] = "33 55 31", ["3553"] = "33 55 31", ["3554"] = "33 55 31", ["3555"] = "35 33 31", ["3556"] = "35 33 31", ["3557"] = "44 44 53", ["3558"] = "44 44 53", ["3561"] = "33 55 31", ["3562"] = "33 55 31", ["3563"] = "33 55 31", ["3564"] = "33 55 31", ["3565"] = "35 33 31", ["3566"] = "35 33 31", ["3567"] = "44 44 53", ["3568"] = "44 44 53", ["3571"] = "33 55 53", ["3572"] = "33 55 53", ["3573"] = "33 55 31", ["3574"] = "33 55 31", ["3575"] = "35 33 31", ["3576"] = "35 33 31", ["3577"] = "33 55 31", ["3578"] = "33 55 31", ["3581"] = "33 55 53", ["3582"] = "33 55 53", ["3583"] = "33 55 31", ["3584"] = "33 55 31", ["3585"] = "35 33 31", ["3586"] = "35 33 31", ["3587"] = "33 55 31", ["3588"] = "33 55 31", ["3611"] = "22 22 22", ["3612"] = "22 22 22", ["3613"] = "22 22 22", ["3614"] = "22 22 22", ["3615"] = "22 22 22", ["3616"] = "22 22 22", ["3617"] = "22 22 22", ["3618"] = "22 22 22", ["3621"] = "22 22 22", ["3622"] = "22 22 22", ["3623"] = "22 22 22", ["3624"] = "22 22 22", ["3625"] = "22 22 22", ["3626"] = "22 22 22", ["3627"] = "22 22 22", ["3628"] = "22 22 22", ["3631"] = "22 55 53", ["3632"] = "22 55 53", ["3633"] = "22 55 53", ["3634"] = "22 55 53", ["3635"] = "22 22 22", ["3636"] = "22 22 22", ["3637"] = "22 55 53", ["3638"] = "22 55 53", ["3641"] = "22 55 53", ["3642"] = "22 55 53", ["3643"] = "22 55 53", ["3644"] = "22 55 53", ["3645"] = "22 22 22", ["3646"] = "22 22 22", ["3647"] = "22 55 53", ["3648"] = "22 55 53", ["3651"] = "22 55 31", ["3652"] = "22 55 31", ["3653"] = "22 55 31", ["3654"] = "22 55 31", ["3655"] = "24 33 31", ["3656"] = "24 33 31", ["3657"] = "22 55 31", ["3658"] = "22 55 31", ["3661"] = "22 55 31", ["3662"] = "22 55 31", ["3663"] = "22 55 31", ["3664"] = "22 55 31", ["3665"] = "24 33 31", ["3666"] = "24 33 31", ["3667"] = "22 55 31", ["3668"] = "22 55 31", ["3671"] = "22 55 53", ["3672"] = "22 55 53", ["3673"] = "22 55 31", ["3674"] = "22 55 31", ["3675"] = "24 33 31", ["3676"] = "24 33 31", ["3677"] = "22 55 31", ["3678"] = "22 55 31", ["3681"] = "22 55 53", ["3682"] = "22 55 53", ["3683"] = "22 55 31", ["3684"] = "22 55 31", ["3685"] = "24 33 31", ["3686"] = "24 33 31", ["3687"] = "22 55 31", ["3688"] = "22 55 31", ["3711"] = "33 55 53", ["3712"] = "33 55 53", ["3713"] = "33 55 53", ["3714"] = "33 55 53", ["3715"] = "33 55 31", ["3716"] = "33 55 31", ["3717"] = "33 55 31", ["3718"] = "33 55 31", ["3721"] = "33 55 53", ["3722"] = "33 55 53", ["3723"] = "33 55 53", ["3724"] = "33 55 53", ["3725"] = "33 55 31", ["3726"] = "33 55 31", ["3727"] = "33 55 31", ["3728"] = "33 55 31", ["3731"] = "33 55 53", ["3732"] = "33 55 53", ["3733"] = "33 55 53", ["3734"] = "33 55 53", ["3735"] = "44 44 44", ["3736"] = "44 44 44", ["3737"] = "33 55 53", ["3738"] = "33 55 53", ["3741"] = "33 55 53", ["3742"] = "33 55 53", ["3743"] = "33 55 53", ["3744"] = "33 55 53", ["3745"] = "44 44 44", ["3746"] = "44 44 44", ["3747"] = "33 55 53", ["3748"] = "33 55 53", ["3751"] = "33 55 31", ["3752"] = "33 55 31", ["3753"] = "33 55 31", ["3754"] = "33 55 31", ["3755"] = "44 44 44", ["3756"] = "44 44 44", ["3757"] = "33 55 53", ["3758"] = "33 55 53", ["3761"] = "33 55 31", ["3762"] = "33 55 31", ["3763"] = "33 55 31", ["3764"] = "33 55 31", ["3765"] = "44 44 44", ["3766"] = "44 44 44", ["3767"] = "33 55 53", ["3768"] = "33 55 53", ["3771"] = "33 55 53", ["3772"] = "33 55 53", ["3773"] = "33 55 53", ["3774"] = "33 55 53", ["3775"] = "44 44 44", ["3776"] = "44 44 44", ["3777"] = "44 44 44", ["3778"] = "44 44 44", ["3781"] = "33 55 53", ["3782"] = "33 55 53", ["3783"] = "33 55 53", ["3784"] = "33 55 53", ["3785"] = "44 44 44", ["3786"] = "44 44 44", ["3787"] = "44 44 44", ["3788"] = "44 44 44", ["3811"] = "22 55 53", ["3812"] = "22 55 53", ["3813"] = "22 55 53", ["3814"] = "22 55 53", ["3815"] = "22 55 31", ["3816"] = "22 55 31", ["3817"] = "22 55 31", ["3818"] = "22 55 31", ["3821"] = "22 55 53", ["3822"] = "22 55 53", ["3823"] = "22 55 53", ["3824"] = "22 55 53", ["3825"] = "22 55 31", ["3826"] = "22 55 31", ["3827"] = "22 55 31", ["3828"] = "22 55 31", ["3831"] = "22 55 53", ["3832"] = "22 55 53", ["3833"] = "22 55 53", ["3834"] = "22 55 53", ["3835"] = "22 22 22", ["3836"] = "22 22 22", ["3837"] = "22 55 53", ["3838"] = "22 55 53", ["3841"] = "22 55 53", ["3842"] = "22 55 53", ["3843"] = "22 55 53", ["3844"] = "22 55 53", ["3845"] = "22 22 22", ["3846"] = "22 22 22", ["3847"] = "22 55 53", ["3848"] = "22 55 53", ["3851"] = "22 55 31", ["3852"] = "22 55 31", ["3853"] = "22 55 31", ["3854"] = "22 55 31", ["3855"] = "22 22 22", ["3856"] = "22 22 22", ["3857"] = "22 55 53", ["3858"] = "22 55 53", ["3861"] = "22 55 31", ["3862"] = "22 55 31", ["3863"] = "22 55 31", ["3864"] = "22 55 31", ["3865"] = "22 22 22", ["3866"] = "22 22 22", ["3867"] = "22 55 53", ["3868"] = "22 55 53", ["3871"] = "22 55 53", ["3872"] = "22 55 53", ["3873"] = "22 55 53", ["3874"] = "22 55 53", ["3875"] = "22 22 22", ["3876"] = "22 22 22", ["3877"] = "22 22 22", ["3878"] = "22 22 22", ["3881"] = "22 55 53", ["3882"] = "22 55 53", ["3883"] = "22 55 53", ["3884"] = "22 55 53", ["3885"] = "22 22 22", ["3886"] = "22 22 22", ["3887"] = "22 22 22", ["3888"] = "22 22 22", --!RPS! : potentially doesn't exist? source found that claims that Old SH doesn't have RPS but whether or not this applies to Songjiang may be up for debate }, ['cm'] = { ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "55", ["12"] = "24", ["13"] = "424", ["14"] = "242", ["15"] = "33", ["16"] = "313", ["17"] = "5", ["18"] = "2", -- disylls -- regular LPS ["211"] = "55 55", ["212"] = "55 55", ["213"] = "55 0", ["214"] = "55 0", ["215"] = "55 0", ["216"] = "55 0", ["217"] = "55 5", ["218"] = "55 5", ["221"] = "24 55", ["222"] = "24 55", ["223"] = "24 0", ["224"] = "24 0", ["225"] = "24 33", ["226"] = "24 0", ["227"] = "24 5", ["228"] = "24 5", ["231"] = "42 55", ["232"] = "42 55", ["233"] = "33 0", ["234"] = "42 33", ["235"] = "42 33", ["236"] = "42 33", ["237"] = "42 5", ["238"] = "42 5", ["241"] = "31 55", ["242"] = "31 55", ["243"] = "31 33", ["244"] = "242 0", ["245"] = "242 0", ["246"] = "242 0", ["247"] = "31 5", ["248"] = "31 5", ["251"] = "42 55", ["252"] = "42 55", ["253"] = "33 0", ["254"] = "33 0", ["255"] = "42 33", ["256"] = "33 0", ["257"] = "42 5", ["258"] = "42 5", ["261"] = "31 55", ["262"] = "31 55", ["263"] = "31 33", ["264"] = "31 33", ["265"] = "31 33", ["266"] = "31 33", ["267"] = "31 5", ["268"] = "31 5", ["271"] = "55 55", ["272"] = "55 55", ["273"] = "55 33", ["274"] = "55 33", ["275"] = "55 33", ["276"] = "55 33", ["277"] = "55 55", ["278"] = "55 55", ["281"] = "22 55", ["282"] = "22 55", ["283"] = "22 33", ["284"] = "22 33", ["285"] = "22 33", ["286"] = "22 33", ["287"] = "22 55", ["288"] = "22 55", -- numeral-classifier and verb/adjective-complement LPS ["211C"] = "55 55", ["212C"] = "55 55", ["213C"] = "55 0", ["214C"] = "55 0", ["215C"] = "55 0", ["216C"] = "55 0", ["217C"] = "55 55", ["218C"] = "55 55", ["221C"] = "24 55", ["222C"] = "24 55", ["223C"] = "24 0", ["224C"] = "24 0", ["225C"] = "24 33", ["226C"] = "24 0", ["227C"] = "24 55", ["228C"] = "24 55", ["231C"] = "42 33", ["232C"] = "42 33", ["233C"] = "42 33", ["234C"] = "42 33", ["235C"] = "42 33", ["236C"] = "42 33", ["237C"] = "42 0", ["238C"] = "42 0", ["241C"] = "242 0", ["242C"] = "242 0", ["243C"] = "242 0", ["244C"] = "242 0", ["245C"] = "242 0", ["246C"] = "242 0", ["247C"] = "242 0", ["248C"] = "242 0", ["251C"] = "33 55", ["252C"] = "33 55", ["253C"] = "33 55", ["254C"] = "33 55", ["255C"] = "33 55", ["256C"] = "33 55", ["257C"] = "33 0", ["258C"] = "33 0", ["261C"] = "31 33", ["262C"] = "31 33", ["263C"] = "31 33", ["264C"] = "31 33", ["265C"] = "31 33", ["266C"] = "31 33", ["267C"] = "31 0", ["268C"] = "31 0", ["271C"] = "55 55", ["272C"] = "55 55", ["273C"] = "55 33", ["274C"] = "55 33", ["275C"] = "55 33", ["276C"] = "55 33", ["277C"] = "55 55", ["278C"] = "55 55", ["281C"] = "22 55", ["282C"] = "22 55", ["283C"] = "22 33", ["284C"] = "22 33", ["285C"] = "22 33", ["286C"] = "22 33", ["287C"] = "22 55", ["288C"] = "22 55", -- motion verbs → 過來、出來、上去、進去 ["3M"] = "42 55", ["4M"] = "31 55", ["5M"] = "42 55", ["7M"] = "55 55", -- verb-pronoun → 幫我、怪你、學渠 ["1P"] = "55 55", ["2P"] = "24 55", ["3P"] = "53 33", ["4P"] = "242 0", ["5P"] = "33 55", ["6P"] = "31 33", ["7P"] = "55 55", ["8P"] = "22 55", -- reduplicated (verb, counter, noun) → 天天、花花、做做、日日、坐坐 ["RV1"] = "55 55", ["RV2"] = "24 55", ["RV3"] = "42 33", ["RV4"] = "242 0", ["RV5"] = "33 55", ["RV6"] = "31 33", ["RV7"] = "5 5", ["RV8"] = "2 5", ["RC1"] = "55 55", ["RC2"] = "24 55", ["RC3"] = "42 33", ["RC4"] = "24 0", ["RC5"] = "42 33", ["RC6"] = "24 0", ["RC7"] = "5 5", ["RC8"] = "2 5", ["RN1"] = "55 55", ["RN2"] = "24 55", ["RN3"] = "42 55", ["RN4"] = "242 0", ["RN5"] = "42 55", ["RN6"] = "42 55", ["RN7"] = "5 5", ["RN8"] = "2 5", --regular trisyll LPS ["3111"] = "55 55 55", ["3112"] = "55 55 55", ["3113"] = "55 55 0", ["3114"] = "55 55 0", ["3115"] = "55 55 0", ["3116"] = "55 55 0", ["3117"] = "55 55 55", ["3118"] = "55 55 55", ["3121"] = "55 55 55", ["3122"] = "55 55 55", ["3123"] = "55 55 0", ["3124"] = "55 55 0", ["3125"] = "55 55 0", ["3126"] = "55 55 0", ["3127"] = "55 55 55", ["3128"] = "55 55 55", ["3131"] = "55 0 55", ["3132"] = "55 0 55", ["3133"] = "55 0 0", ["3134"] = "55 0 0", ["3135"] = "55 0 0", ["3136"] = "55 0 0", ["3137"] = "55 0 0", ["3138"] = "55 0 0", ["3141"] = "55 0 55", ["3142"] = "55 0 55", ["3143"] = "55 0 0", ["3144"] = "55 0 0", ["3145"] = "55 0 0", ["3146"] = "55 0 0", ["3147"] = "55 0 0", ["3148"] = "55 0 0", ["3151"] = "55 0 55", ["3152"] = "55 0 55", ["3153"] = "55 0 0", ["3154"] = "55 0 0", ["3155"] = "55 0 0", ["3156"] = "55 0 0", ["3157"] = "55 0 0", ["3158"] = "55 0 0", ["3161"] = "55 0 55", ["3162"] = "55 0 55", ["3163"] = "55 0 0", ["3164"] = "55 0 0", ["3165"] = "55 0 0", ["3166"] = "55 0 0", ["3167"] = "55 0 0", ["3168"] = "55 0 0", ["3171"] = "55 55 55", ["3172"] = "55 55 55", ["3173"] = "55 55 0", ["3174"] = "55 55 0", ["3175"] = "55 55 0", ["3176"] = "55 55 0", ["3177"] = "55 55 55", ["3178"] = "55 55 55", ["3181"] = "55 55 55", ["3182"] = "55 55 55", ["3183"] = "55 55 0", ["3184"] = "55 55 0", ["3185"] = "55 55 0", ["3186"] = "55 55 0", ["3187"] = "55 55 55", ["3188"] = "55 55 55", ["3211"] = "24 33 55", ["3212"] = "24 33 55", ["3213"] = "24 55 0", ["3214"] = "24 55 0", ["3215"] = "24 55 0", ["3216"] = "24 55 0", ["3217"] = "24 33 55", ["3218"] = "24 33 55", ["3221"] = "24 33 55", ["3222"] = "24 33 55", ["3223"] = "24 55 0", ["3224"] = "24 55 0", ["3225"] = "24 55 0", ["3226"] = "24 55 0", ["3227"] = "24 33 55", ["3228"] = "24 33 55", ["3231"] = "24 33 55", ["3232"] = "24 33 55", ["3233"] = "24 33 0", ["3234"] = "24 33 0", ["3235"] = "24 0 0", ["3236"] = "24 0 0", ["3237"] = "24 33 55", ["3238"] = "24 33 55", ["3241"] = "24 0 55", ["3242"] = "24 0 55", ["3243"] = "24 0 0", ["3244"] = "24 0 0", ["3245"] = "24 0 0", ["3246"] = "24 0 0", ["3247"] = "24 0 0", ["3248"] = "24 0 0", ["3251"] = "24 33 55", ["3252"] = "24 33 55", ["3253"] = "24 33 0", ["3254"] = "24 33 0", ["3255"] = "24 33 0", ["3256"] = "24 33 0", ["3257"] = "24 33 55", ["3258"] = "24 33 5", ["3261"] = "24 0 55", ["3262"] = "24 0 55", ["3263"] = "24 0 0", ["3264"] = "24 0 0", ["3265"] = "24 0 0", ["3266"] = "24 0 0", ["3267"] = "24 0 0", ["3268"] = "24 0 0", ["3271"] = "24 55 55", ["3272"] = "24 55 55", ["3273"] = "24 55 0", ["3274"] = "24 55 0", ["3275"] = "24 55 0", ["3276"] = "24 55 0", ["3277"] = "24 55 55", ["3278"] = "24 55 55", ["3281"] = "24 55 55", ["3282"] = "24 55 55", ["3283"] = "24 55 0", ["3284"] = "24 55 0", ["3285"] = "24 55 0", ["3286"] = "24 55 0", ["3287"] = "24 55 55", ["3288"] = "24 55 55", ["3311"] = "42 33 55", ["3312"] = "42 33 55", ["3313"] = "42 55 0", ["3314"] = "42 55 0", ["3315"] = "42 55 0", ["3316"] = "42 55 0", ["3317"] = "42 33 55", ["3318"] = "42 33 55", ["3321"] = "42 33 55", ["3322"] = "42 33 55", ["3323"] = "42 55 0", ["3324"] = "42 55 0", ["3325"] = "42 55 0", ["3326"] = "42 55 0", ["3327"] = "42 33 55", ["3328"] = "42 33 55", ["3331"] = "42 33 55", ["3332"] = "42 33 55", ["3333"] = "42 33 0", ["3334"] = "42 33 0", ["3335"] = "42 33 0", ["3336"] = "42 33 0", ["3337"] = "42 33 55", ["3338"] = "42 33 55", ["3341"] = "42 33 55", ["3342"] = "42 33 55", ["3343"] = "42 33 0", ["3344"] = "42 33 0", ["3345"] = "42 33 0", ["3346"] = "42 33 0", ["3347"] = "42 33 55", ["3348"] = "42 33 55", ["3351"] = "42 33 55", ["3352"] = "42 33 55", ["3353"] = "42 33 0", ["3354"] = "42 33 0", ["3355"] = "42 33 0", ["3356"] = "42 33 0", ["3357"] = "42 33 55", ["3358"] = "42 33 55", ["3361"] = "42 33 55", ["3362"] = "42 33 55", ["3363"] = "42 33 0", ["3364"] = "42 33 0", ["3365"] = "42 33 0", ["3366"] = "42 33 0", ["3367"] = "42 33 55", ["3368"] = "42 33 55", ["3371"] = "42 55 55", ["3372"] = "42 55 55", ["3373"] = "42 55 0", ["3374"] = "42 55 0", ["3375"] = "42 55 0", ["3376"] = "42 55 0", ["3377"] = "42 55 55", ["3378"] = "42 55 55", ["3381"] = "42 55 55", ["3382"] = "42 55 55", ["3383"] = "42 55 0", ["3384"] = "42 55 0", ["3385"] = "42 55 0", ["3386"] = "42 55 0", ["3387"] = "42 55 55", ["3388"] = "42 55 55", ["3411"] = "31 33 55", ["3412"] = "31 33 55", ["3413"] = "31 55 0", ["3414"] = "31 55 0", ["3415"] = "31 55 0", ["3416"] = "31 55 0", ["3417"] = "31 33 55", ["3418"] = "31 33 55", ["3421"] = "31 33 55", ["3422"] = "31 33 55", ["3423"] = "31 55 0", ["3424"] = "31 55 0", ["3425"] = "31 55 0", ["3426"] = "31 55 0", ["3427"] = "31 33 55", ["3428"] = "31 33 55", ["3431"] = "31 33 55", ["3432"] = "31 33 55", ["3433"] = "31 33 0", ["3434"] = "31 33 0", ["3435"] = "31 33 0", ["3436"] = "31 33 0", ["3437"] = "31 33 55", ["3438"] = "31 33 55", ["3441"] = "31 33 55", ["3442"] = "31 33 55", ["3443"] = "31 33 0", ["3444"] = "31 33 0", ["3445"] = "31 33 0", ["3446"] = "31 33 0", ["3447"] = "31 33 55", ["3448"] = "31 33 55", ["3451"] = "31 33 55", ["3452"] = "31 33 55", ["3453"] = "31 33 0", ["3454"] = "31 33 0", ["3455"] = "31 33 0", ["3456"] = "31 33 0", ["3457"] = "31 33 55", ["3458"] = "31 33 55", ["3461"] = "31 33 55", ["3462"] = "31 33 55", ["3463"] = "31 33 0", ["3464"] = "31 33 0", ["3465"] = "31 33 0", ["3466"] = "31 33 0", ["3467"] = "31 33 55", ["3468"] = "31 33 55", ["3471"] = "31 55 55", ["3472"] = "31 55 55", ["3473"] = "31 55 0", ["3474"] = "31 55 0", ["3475"] = "31 55 0", ["3476"] = "31 55 0", ["3477"] = "31 55 55", ["3478"] = "31 55 55", ["3481"] = "31 55 55", ["3482"] = "31 55 55", ["3483"] = "31 55 0", ["3484"] = "31 55 0", ["3485"] = "31 55 0", ["3486"] = "31 55 0", ["3487"] = "31 55 55", ["3488"] = "31 55 55", ["3511"] = "42 33 55", ["3512"] = "42 33 55", ["3513"] = "42 55 0", ["3514"] = "42 55 0", ["3515"] = "42 55 0", ["3516"] = "42 55 0", ["3517"] = "42 33 55", ["3518"] = "42 33 55", ["3521"] = "42 33 55", ["3522"] = "42 33 55", ["3523"] = "42 55 0", ["3524"] = "42 55 0", ["3525"] = "42 55 0", ["3526"] = "42 55 0", ["3527"] = "42 33 55", ["3528"] = "42 33 55", ["3531"] = "42 33 55", ["3532"] = "42 33 55", ["3533"] = "42 33 0", ["3534"] = "42 33 0", ["3535"] = "42 33 0", ["3536"] = "42 33 0", ["3537"] = "42 33 55", ["3538"] = "42 33 55", ["3541"] = "42 33 55", ["3542"] = "42 33 55", ["3543"] = "42 33 0", ["3544"] = "42 33 0", ["3545"] = "42 33 0", ["3546"] = "42 33 0", ["3547"] = "42 33 55", ["3548"] = "42 33 55", ["3551"] = "42 33 55", ["3552"] = "42 33 55", ["3553"] = "42 33 0", ["3554"] = "42 33 0", ["3555"] = "42 33 0", ["3556"] = "42 33 0", ["3557"] = "42 33 55", ["3558"] = "42 33 55", ["3561"] = "42 33 55", ["3562"] = "42 33 55", ["3563"] = "42 33 0", ["3564"] = "42 33 0", ["3565"] = "42 33 0", ["3566"] = "42 33 0", ["3567"] = "42 33 55", ["3568"] = "42 33 55", ["3571"] = "42 55 55", ["3572"] = "42 55 55", ["3573"] = "42 55 0", ["3574"] = "42 55 0", ["3575"] = "42 55 0", ["3576"] = "42 55 0", ["3577"] = "42 55 55", ["3578"] = "42 55 55", ["3581"] = "42 55 55", ["3582"] = "42 55 55", ["3583"] = "42 55 0", ["3584"] = "42 55 0", ["3585"] = "42 55 0", ["3586"] = "42 55 0", ["3587"] = "42 55 55", ["3588"] = "42 55 55", ["3611"] = "31 33 55", ["3612"] = "31 33 55", ["3613"] = "31 55 0", ["3614"] = "31 55 0", ["3615"] = "31 55 0", ["3616"] = "31 55 0", ["3617"] = "31 33 55", ["3618"] = "31 33 55", ["3621"] = "31 33 55", ["3622"] = "31 33 55", ["3623"] = "31 55 0", ["3624"] = "31 55 0", ["3625"] = "31 55 0", ["3626"] = "31 55 0", ["3627"] = "31 33 55", ["3628"] = "31 33 55", ["3631"] = "31 33 55", ["3632"] = "31 33 55", ["3633"] = "31 33 0", ["3634"] = "31 33 0", ["3635"] = "31 33 0", ["3636"] = "31 33 0", ["3637"] = "31 33 55", ["3638"] = "31 33 55", ["3641"] = "31 33 55", ["3642"] = "31 33 55", ["3643"] = "31 33 0", ["3644"] = "31 33 0", ["3645"] = "31 33 0", ["3646"] = "31 33 0", ["3647"] = "31 33 55", ["3648"] = "31 33 55", ["3651"] = "31 33 55", ["3652"] = "31 33 55", ["3653"] = "31 33 0", ["3654"] = "31 33 0", ["3655"] = "31 33 0", ["3656"] = "31 33 0", ["3657"] = "31 33 55", ["3658"] = "31 33 55", ["3661"] = "31 33 55", ["3662"] = "31 33 55", ["3663"] = "31 33 0", ["3664"] = "31 33 0", ["3665"] = "31 33 0", ["3666"] = "31 33 0", ["3667"] = "31 33 55", ["3668"] = "31 33 55", ["3671"] = "31 55 55", ["3672"] = "31 55 55", ["3673"] = "31 55 0", ["3674"] = "31 55 0", ["3675"] = "31 55 0", ["3676"] = "31 55 0", ["3677"] = "31 55 55", ["3678"] = "31 55 55", ["3681"] = "31 55 55", ["3682"] = "31 55 55", ["3683"] = "31 55 0", ["3684"] = "31 55 0", ["3685"] = "31 55 0", ["3686"] = "31 55 0", ["3687"] = "31 55 55", ["3688"] = "31 55 55", ["3711"] = "55 55 55", ["3712"] = "55 55 55", ["3713"] = "55 55 0", ["3714"] = "55 55 0", ["3715"] = "55 55 0", ["3716"] = "55 55 0", ["3717"] = "55 55 55", ["3718"] = "55 55 55", ["3721"] = "55 55 55", ["3722"] = "55 55 55", ["3723"] = "55 55 0", ["3724"] = "55 55 0", ["3725"] = "55 55 0", ["3726"] = "55 55 0", ["3727"] = "55 55 55", ["3728"] = "55 55 55", ["3731"] = "55 33 55", ["3732"] = "55 33 55", ["3733"] = "55 33 0", ["3734"] = "55 33 0", ["3735"] = "55 33 0", ["3736"] = "55 33 0", ["3737"] = "55 33 55", ["3738"] = "55 33 55", ["3741"] = "55 33 55", ["3742"] = "55 33 55", ["3743"] = "55 33 0", ["3744"] = "55 33 0", ["3745"] = "55 33 0", ["3746"] = "55 33 0", ["3747"] = "55 33 55", ["3748"] = "55 33 55", ["3751"] = "55 33 55", ["3752"] = "55 33 55", ["3753"] = "55 33 0", ["3754"] = "55 33 0", ["3755"] = "55 33 0", ["3756"] = "55 33 0", ["3757"] = "55 33 55", ["3758"] = "55 33 55", ["3761"] = "55 33 55", ["3762"] = "55 33 55", ["3763"] = "55 33 0", ["3764"] = "55 33 0", ["3765"] = "55 33 0", ["3766"] = "55 33 0", ["3767"] = "55 33 55", ["3768"] = "55 33 55", ["3771"] = "55 55 55", ["3772"] = "55 55 55", ["3773"] = "55 55 0", ["3774"] = "55 55 0", ["3775"] = "55 55 0", ["3776"] = "55 55 0", ["3777"] = "55 55 55", ["3778"] = "55 55 55", ["3781"] = "55 55 55", ["3782"] = "55 55 55", ["3783"] = "55 55 0", ["3784"] = "55 55 0", ["3785"] = "55 55 0", ["3786"] = "55 55 0", ["3787"] = "55 55 55", ["3788"] = "55 55 55", ["3811"] = "22 33 55", ["3812"] = "22 33 55", ["3813"] = "22 55 0", ["3814"] = "22 55 0", ["3815"] = "22 55 0", ["3816"] = "22 55 0", ["3817"] = "22 33 55", ["3818"] = "22 33 55", ["3821"] = "22 33 55", ["3822"] = "22 33 55", ["3823"] = "22 55 0", ["3824"] = "22 55 0", ["3825"] = "22 55 0", ["3826"] = "22 55 0", ["3827"] = "22 33 55", ["3828"] = "22 33 55", ["3831"] = "22 33 55", ["3832"] = "22 33 55", ["3833"] = "22 33 0", ["3834"] = "22 33 0", ["3835"] = "22 33 0", ["3836"] = "22 33 0", ["3837"] = "22 33 55", ["3838"] = "22 33 55", ["3841"] = "22 33 55", ["3842"] = "22 33 55", ["3843"] = "22 33 0", ["3844"] = "22 33 0", ["3845"] = "22 33 0", ["3846"] = "22 33 0", ["3847"] = "22 33 55", ["3848"] = "22 33 55", ["3851"] = "22 33 55", ["3852"] = "22 33 55", ["3853"] = "22 33 0", ["3854"] = "22 33 0", ["3855"] = "22 33 0", ["3856"] = "22 33 0", ["3857"] = "22 33 55", ["3858"] = "22 33 55", ["3861"] = "22 33 55", ["3862"] = "22 33 55", ["3863"] = "22 33 0", ["3864"] = "22 33 0", ["3865"] = "22 33 0", ["3866"] = "22 33 0", ["3867"] = "22 33 55", ["3868"] = "22 33 55", ["3871"] = "22 55 55", ["3872"] = "22 55 55", ["3873"] = "22 55 0", ["3874"] = "22 55 0", ["3875"] = "22 55 0", ["3876"] = "22 55 0", ["3877"] = "22 55 55", ["3878"] = "22 55 55", ["3881"] = "22 55 55", ["3882"] = "22 55 55", ["3883"] = "22 55 0", ["3884"] = "22 55 0", ["3885"] = "22 55 0", ["3886"] = "22 55 0", ["3887"] = "22 55 55", ["3888"] = "22 55 55", }, ['cs'] = { ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "53", ["13"] = "44", ["14"] = "213", ["15"] = "35", ["16"] = "13", ["17"] = "55", ["18"] = "23", ["211"] = "55 53", ["212"] = "55 53", ["213"] = "55 21", ["214"] = "55 21", ["215"] = "55 21", ["216"] = "55 21", ["217"] = "55 53", ["218"] = "55 53", ["221"] = "22 22", ["222"] = "22 22", ["223"] = "22 22", ["224"] = "22 22", ["225"] = "22 24", ["226"] = "22 24", ["227"] = "22 44", ["228"] = "22 44", ["231"] = "33 53", ["232"] = "33 53", ["233"] = "35 21", ["234"] = "35 21", ["235"] = "44 44", ["236"] = "44 44", ["237"] = "33 53", ["238"] = "33 53", ["241"] = "22 53", ["242"] = "22 53", ["243"] = "13 21", ["244"] = "13 21", ["245"] = "22 34", ["246"] = "22 34", ["247"] = "22 53", ["248"] = "22 53", ["251"] = "33 53", ["252"] = "33 53", ["253"] = "44 44", ["254"] = "44 44", ["255"] = "55 21", ["256"] = "55 21", ["257"] = "33 53", ["258"] = "33 53", ["261"] = "22 53", ["262"] = "22 53", ["263"] = "13 21", ["264"] = "13 21", ["265"] = "22 34", ["266"] = "22 34", ["267"] = "22 53", ["268"] = "22 53", ["271"] = "33 53", ["272"] = "33 53", ["273"] = "44 44", ["274"] = "44 44", ["275"] = "33 34", ["276"] = "33 34", ["277"] = "33 53", ["278"] = "33 53", ["281"] = "22 34", ["282"] = "22 34", ["283"] = "22 34", ["284"] = "22 34", ["285"] = "22 34", ["286"] = "22 34", ["287"] = "22 34", ["288"] = "22 34", ["311"] = "55 55 53", ["312"] = "55 55 53", ["313"] = "55 55 21", ["314"] = "55 55 21", ["315"] = "55 33 21", ["316"] = "55 33 21", ["317"] = "55 55 53", ["318"] = "55 55 53", ["321"] = "22 22 22", ["322"] = "22 22 22", ["323"] = "22 22 22", ["324"] = "22 22 22", ["325"] = "22 22 22", ["326"] = "22 22 22", ["327"] = "22 22 22", ["328"] = "22 22 22", ["331"] = "33 55 53", ["332"] = "33 55 53", ["333"] = "35 33 21", ["334"] = "44 44 44", ["335"] = "33 55 21", ["336"] = "33 55 21", ["337"] = "33 55 53", ["338"] = "33 55 53", ["341"] = "22 55 53", ["342"] = "22 55 53", ["343"] = "13 22 21", ["344"] = "13 22 21", ["345"] = "22 55 21", ["346"] = "22 55 21", ["347"] = "22 55 53", ["348"] = "22 55 53", ["351"] = "33 55 53", ["352"] = "33 55 53", ["353"] = "35 33 21", ["354"] = "44 44 44", ["355"] = "33 55 21", ["356"] = "33 55 21", ["357"] = "33 55 53", ["358"] = "33 55 53", ["361"] = "22 55 53", ["362"] = "22 55 53", ["363"] = "13 22 21", ["364"] = "13 22 21", ["365"] = "22 55 21", ["366"] = "22 55 21", ["367"] = "22 55 53", ["368"] = "22 55 53", ["371"] = "33 55 53", ["372"] = "33 55 53", ["373"] = "35 33 21", ["374"] = "44 44 44", ["375"] = "33 55 21", ["376"] = "33 55 21", ["377"] = "33 55 53", ["378"] = "33 55 53", ["381"] = "22 22 53", ["382"] = "22 22 53", ["383"] = "22 22 53", ["384"] = "22 22 53", ["385"] = "22 22 34", ["386"] = "22 22 34", ["387"] = "22 22 34", ["388"] = "22 22 34", }, ['sz'] = { ["1-"] = "33", ["2-"] = "33 33", ["3-"] = "33 33 33", ["4-"] = "33 33 33 33", ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "44", ["21"] = "44 0", ["31"] = "44 44 0", ["41"] = "44 44 44 0", ["12"] = "223", ["22"] = "22 33", ["32"] = "22 33 0", ["42"] = "22 33 44 0", ["13"] = "51", ["23"] = "52 11", ["33"] = "52 11 0", ["43"] = "52 11 11 0", ["15"] = "523", ["25"] = "52 33", ["35"] = "52 33 0", ["45"] = "52 33 44 0", ["16"] = "231", ["26"] = "23 11", ["36"] = "23 11 0", ["46"] = "23 11 11 0", ["17"] = "43", ["18"] = "23", ["271"] = "44 23", ["371"] = "44 23 0", ["471"] = "44 23 44 0", ["272"] = "44 23", ["372"] = "44 23 0", ["472"] = "44 23 44 0", ["273"] = "55 51", ["373"] = "55 51 0", ["473"] = "55 51 11 0", ["275"] = "55 523", ["375"] = "55 52 33", ["475"] = "55 52 22 33", ["276"] = "55 523", ["376"] = "55 52 33", ["476"] = "55 52 22 33", ["277"] = "44 44", ["377"] = "44 44 0", ["477"] = "44 44 44 22", ["278"] = "44 44", ["378"] = "44 44 0", ["478"] = "44 44 44 22", ["270"] = "44 0", ["281"] = "22 33", ["381"] = "22 33 0", ["481"] = "22 33 44 0", ["282"] = "22 33", ["382"] = "22 33 0", ["482"] = "22 33 44 0", ["283"] = "22 51", ["383"] = "22 51 0", ["483"] = "22 51 11 0", ["285"] = "22 523", ["385"] = "22 52 33", ["485"] = "22 52 22 33", ["286"] = "22 523", ["386"] = "22 52 33", ["486"] = "22 52 22 33", ["287"] = "33 44", ["387"] = "33 44 0", ["487"] = "33 44 22 0", ["288"] = "33 44", ["388"] = "33 44 0", ["488"] = "33 44 22 0", ["280"] = "33 0", --RPS ["1s"] = "44", ["2s"] = "223", ["3s"] = "51", ["5s"] = "51", ["6s"] = "231", ["7s"] = "43", ["8s"] = "23", ["multiple"] = "33" }, ['ks'] = { ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "55", ["12"] = "13", ["13"] = "52", ["15"] = "412", ["16"] = "213", ["17"] = "55", ["18"] = "23", ["211"] = "44 41", ["212"] = "44 41", ["213"] = "55 31", ["214"] = "55 31", ["215"] = "55 31", ["216"] = "55 31", ["217"] = "44 44", ["218"] = "44 44", --55 31 ["221"] = "23 41", ["222"] = "23 41", ["223"] = "23 41", ["224"] = "23 41", ["225"] = "23 41", ["226"] = "23 41", ["227"] = "23 44", ["228"] = "23 44", ["231"] = "52 33", ["232"] = "52 33", ["233"] = "52 33", ["234"] = "52 33", ["235"] = "53 41", ["236"] = "53 41", ["237"] = "52 33", ["238"] = "52 33", ["241"] = "22 44", ["242"] = "31 33", ["243"] = "31 33", ["244"] = "31 31", ["245"] = "31 31", ["246"] = "31 31", ["247"] = "31 31", ["248"] = "31 31", ["251"] = "52 33", ["252"] = "52 33", ["253"] = "22 44", ["254"] = "22 44", ["255"] = "22 44", ["256"] = "22 44", ["257"] = "23 44", ["258"] = "23 44", --22 44 ["261"] = "22 44", ["262"] = "22 44", ["263"] = "22 44", ["264"] = "22 44", ["265"] = "22 44", ["266"] = "22 44", ["267"] = "22 44", ["268"] = "22 44", ["271"] = "44 44", ["272"] = "44 44", ["273"] = "55 52", ["274"] = "55 52", ["275"] = "55 31", ["276"] = "55 31", ["277"] = "55 55", ["278"] = "55 55", --55 33 ["281"] = "22 31", ["282"] = "22 31", ["283"] = "22 23", ["284"] = "22 23", ["285"] = "22 31", ["286"] = "22 31", ["287"] = "22 33", ["288"] = "22 33", }, ['yx'] = { ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "55", ["12"] = "224", ["13"] = "52", ["14"] = "33", ["15"] = "412", ["16"] = "21", ["17"] = "55", ["18"] = "33", }, ['cz'] = { --for the underlying sequences that are listed with multiple chains, one is chosen for simplicity. The other sandhi chain can be accessed by having the chain tone be different from the underlying tone ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "55", ["12"] = "13", ["13"] = "45", ["15"] = "523", ["16"] = "24", ["17"] = "55", ["18"] = "23", ["3066"] = "45 55 0", ["211"] = "33 33", ["212"] = "33 33", ["213"] = "33 33", ["215"] = "55 0", ["216"] = "55 0", ["217"] = "55 55", ["218"] = "55 55", ["221"] = "11 33", ["222"] = "11 33", ["223"] = "11 33", ["225"] = "11 33", ["226"] = "11 33", ["227"] = "11 33", ["228"] = "11 33", ["231"] = "45 55", ["232"] = "45 55", ["233"] = "45 55", ["235"] = "45 55", ["236"] = "45 55", ["237"] = "45 55", ["238"] = "45 5", ["251"] = "55 23", ["252"] = "55 23", ["253"] = "55 23", ["255"] = "55 23", ["256"] = "55 23", ["257"] = "55 23", ["258"] = "55 23", ["261"] = "11 24", ["262"] = "11 24", ["263"] = "11 24", ["265"] = "23 11", ["266"] = "23 11", ["267"] = "11 24", ["268"] = "11 24", ["271"] = "55 55", ["272"] = "55 55", ["273"] = "55 55", ["275"] = "55 42", ["276"] = "55 42", ["277"] = "55 55", ["278"] = "55 55", --aspirated tone 7 is considered underlying tone 8 for simplicity ["281"] = "11 13", ["282"] = "11 13", ["283"] = "11 13", ["285"] = "22 42", ["286"] = "22 42", ["287"] = "22 55", ["288"] = "22 55", ["3111"] = "33 33 0", ["3112"] = "33 33 0", ["3113"] = "33 33 0", ["3115"] = "33 33 0", ["3116"] = "33 33 0", ["3117"] = "33 33 0", ["3118"] = "33 33 0", ["3121"] = "33 33 0", ["3122"] = "33 33 0", ["3123"] = "33 33 0", ["3125"] = "33 33 0", ["3126"] = "33 33 0", ["3127"] = "33 33 0", ["3128"] = "33 33 0", ["3131"] = "55 42 0", ["3132"] = "55 42 0", ["3133"] = "55 42 0", ["3135"] = "55 42 0", ["3136"] = "55 42 0", ["3137"] = "55 42 0", ["3138"] = "55 42 0", ["3151"] = "55 42 0", ["3152"] = "55 42 0", ["3153"] = "55 42 0", ["3155"] = "55 42 0", ["3156"] = "55 42 0", ["3157"] = "55 42 0", ["3158"] = "55 42 0", ["3161"] = "55 42 0", ["3162"] = "55 42 0", ["3163"] = "55 42 0", ["3165"] = "55 42 0", ["3166"] = "55 42 0", ["3167"] = "55 42 0", ["3168"] = "55 42 0", ["3171"] = "55 55 0", ["3172"] = "55 55 0", ["3173"] = "55 55 0", ["3175"] = "55 55 0", ["3176"] = "", ["3177"] = "55 55 55", ["3178"] = "55 55 55", ["3181"] = "55 55 0", ["3182"] = "55 55 0", ["3183"] = "55 55 0", ["3185"] = "55 55 0", ["3186"] = "55 55 0", ["3187"] = "55 55 55", ["3188"] = "55 55 55", ["3102"] = "33 33 0", ["3211"] = "11 33 0", ["3212"] = "11 33 0", ["3213"] = "11 33 0", ["3215"] = "11 33 0", ["3216"] = "11 33 0", ["3217"] = "11 33 55", ["3218"] = "11 33 55", ["3221"] = "11 33 0", ["3222"] = "11 33 0", ["3223"] = "11 33 0", ["3225"] = "11 33 0", ["3226"] = "11 33 0", ["3227"] = "11 33 55", ["3228"] = "11 33 55", ["3231"] = "11 33 0", ["3232"] = "11 33 0", ["3233"] = "11 33 0", ["3235"] = "11 33 0", ["3236"] = "11 33 0", ["3237"] = "11 33 55", ["3238"] = "11 33 55", ["3251"] = "11 33 0", ["3252"] = "11 33 0", ["3253"] = "11 33 0", ["3255"] = "11 33 0", ["3256"] = "11 33 0", ["3257"] = "11 33 55", ["3258"] = "11 33 55", ["3261"] = "11 33 0", ["3262"] = "11 33 0", ["3263"] = "11 33 0", ["3265"] = "11 33 0", ["3266"] = "11 33 0", ["3267"] = "11 33 55", ["3268"] = "11 33 55", ["3271"] = "11 33 0", ["3272"] = "11 33 0", ["3273"] = "11 33 0", ["3275"] = "11 33 0", ["3276"] = "11 33 0", ["3277"] = "11 33 55", ["3278"] = "11 33 55", ["3281"] = "11 33 0", ["3282"] = "11 33 0", ["3283"] = "11 33 0", ["3285"] = "11 33 0", ["3286"] = "11 33 0", ["3287"] = "11 33 55", ["3288"] = "11 33 55", ["3202"] = "11 33 0", ["3311"] = "45 55 0", ["3312"] = "45 55 0", ["3313"] = "45 55 0", ["3315"] = "45 55 0", ["3316"] = "45 55 0", ["3317"] = "45 55 55", ["3318"] = "45 55 55", ["3321"] = "45 55 0", ["3322"] = "45 55 0", ["3323"] = "45 55 0", ["3325"] = "45 55 0", ["3326"] = "45 55 0", ["3327"] = "45 55 55", ["3328"] = "45 55 55", ["3331"] = "45 55 0", ["3332"] = "45 55 0", ["3333"] = "45 55 0", ["3335"] = "45 55 0", ["3336"] = "45 55 0", ["3337"] = "", ["3338"] = "45 55 55", ["3351"] = "45 55 0", ["3352"] = "45 55 0", ["3353"] = "45 55 0", ["3355"] = "45 55 0", ["3356"] = "45 55 0", ["3357"] = "45 55 55", ["3358"] = "45 55 55", ["3361"] = "45 55 0", ["3362"] = "45 55 0", ["3363"] = "45 55 0", ["3365"] = "45 55 0", ["3366"] = "45 55 0", ["3367"] = "45 55 55", ["3368"] = "", ["3371"] = "45 55 0", ["3372"] = "45 55 0", ["3373"] = "45 55 0", ["3375"] = "45 55 0", ["3376"] = "45 55 0", ["3377"] = "45 55 55", ["3378"] = "45 55 55", ["3381"] = "45 55 0", ["3382"] = "45 55 0", ["3383"] = "45 55 0", ["3385"] = "45 55 0", ["3386"] = "45 55 0", ["3387"] = "45 55 0", ["3388"] = "45 55 55", ["3330"] = "45 55 0", ["3303"] = "45 55 0", ["3305"] = "45 55 0", ["3511"] = "52 22 33", ["3512"] = "52 22 33", ["3513"] = "52 22 33", ["3515"] = "52 22 33", ["3516"] = "52 22 33", ["3517"] = "52 22 33", ["3518"] = "52 22 33", ["3521"] = "52 22 33", ["3522"] = "52 22 33", ["3523"] = "52 22 33", ["3525"] = "52 22 33", ["3526"] = "52 22 33", ["3527"] = "52 22 33", ["3528"] = "52 22 33", ["3531"] = "52 22 33", ["3532"] = "52 22 33", ["3533"] = "52 22 33", ["3535"] = "52 22 33", ["3536"] = "52 22 33", ["3537"] = "52 22 33", ["3538"] = "52 22 33", ["3551"] = "52 22 33", ["3552"] = "52 22 33", ["3553"] = "52 22 33", ["3555"] = "52 22 33", ["3556"] = "52 22 33", ["3557"] = "52 22 33", ["3558"] = "45 55 55", ["3561"] = "", ["3562"] = "52 22 33", ["3563"] = "", ["3565"] = "45 55 0", ["3566"] = "52 22 33", ["3567"] = "", ["3568"] = "45 55 55", ["3571"] = "52 22 33", ["3572"] = "52 22 33", ["3573"] = "52 22 33", ["3575"] = "52 22 33", ["3576"] = "", ["3577"] = "52 22 33", ["3578"] = "52 22 33", ["3581"] = "52 22 33", ["3582"] = "52 22 33", ["3583"] = "52 22 33", ["3585"] = "", ["3586"] = "52 22 33", ["3587"] = "52 22 33", ["3588"] = "52 22 33", ["3500"] = "52 22 33", ["3507"] = "52 22 33", ["3611"] = "11 11 24", ["3612"] = "11 11 24", ["3613"] = "11 11 24", ["3615"] = "11 11 24", ["3616"] = "11 11 24", ["3617"] = "11 11 24", ["3618"] = "11 11 24", ["3621"] = "11 11 24", ["3622"] = "11 11 24", ["3623"] = "11 11 24", ["3625"] = "11 11 24", ["3626"] = "11 11 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113 44", ["3762"] = "55 113 22", ["3763"] = "55 113 53", ["3764"] = "55 113 42", ["3765"] = "55 113 334", ["3766"] = "55 113 113", ["3767"] = "55 113 55", ["3768"] = "55 113 22", ["3771"] = "55 55 44", ["3772"] = "55 55 22", ["3773"] = "55 55 53", ["3774"] = "55 55 42", ["3775"] = "55 55 334", ["3776"] = "55 55 113", ["3777"] = "55 55 55", ["3778"] = "55 55 22", ["3781"] = "55 22 44", ["3782"] = "55 22 22", ["3783"] = "55 22 53", ["3784"] = "55 22 42", ["3785"] = "55 22 334", ["3786"] = "55 22 113", ["3787"] = "55 22 55", ["3788"] = "55 22 22", ["3811"] = "22 44 44", ["3812"] = "22 44 22", ["3813"] = "22 44 44", ["3814"] = "22 44 22", ["3815"] = "22 44 44", ["3816"] = "22 44 22", ["3817"] = "22 44 55", ["3818"] = "22 44 22", ["3821"] = "22 22 44", ["3822"] = "22 22 22", ["3823"] = "22 22 44", ["3824"] = "22 22 22", ["3825"] = "22 22 44", ["3826"] = "22 22 22", ["3827"] = "22 22 55", ["3828"] = "22 22 22", ["3831"] = "22 53 53", ["3832"] = "22 53 42", ["3833"] = "22 53 53", ["3834"] = "22 53 42", ["3835"] = "22 53 53", ["3836"] = "22 53 42", ["3837"] = "22 53 55", ["3838"] = "22 53 22", ["3841"] = "22 42 53", ["3842"] = "22 42 42", ["3843"] = "22 42 53", ["3844"] = "22 42 42", ["3845"] = "22 42 53", ["3846"] = "22 42 42", ["3847"] = "22 42 55", ["3848"] = "22 42 22", ["3851"] = "22 334 44", ["3852"] = "22 334 22", ["3853"] = "22 334 53", ["3854"] = "22 334 42", ["3855"] = "22 334 334", ["3856"] = "22 334 113", ["3857"] = "22 334 55", ["3858"] = "22 334 22", ["3861"] = "22 113 44", ["3862"] = "22 113 22", ["3863"] = "22 113 53", ["3864"] = "22 113 42", ["3865"] = "22 113 334", ["3866"] = "22 113 113", ["3867"] = "22 113 55", ["3868"] = "22 113 22", ["3871"] = "22 55 44", ["3872"] = "22 55 22", ["3873"] = "22 55 53", ["3874"] = "22 55 42", ["3875"] = "22 55 334", ["3876"] = "22 55 113", ["3877"] = "22 55 55", ["3878"] = "22 55 22", ["3881"] = "22 22 44", ["3882"] = "22 22 22", ["3883"] = "22 22 53", ["3884"] = "22 22 42", ["3885"] = "22 22 334", ["3886"] = "22 22 113", ["3887"] = "22 22 55", ["3888"] = "22 22 22", --!RPS! }, ['hn'] = { ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "55", ["12"] = "113", ["13"] = "53", ["14"] = "42", ["15"] = "445", ["16"] = "113", ["17"] = "55", ["18"] = "22", ["211"] = "55 55", ["212"] = "55 55", ["213"] = "55 55", ["214"] = "55 55", ["215"] = "55 55", ["216"] = "55 55", ["217"] = "55 11", ["218"] = "55 11", ["221"] = "11 55", ["222"] = "11 55", ["223"] = "11 55", ["224"] = "11 55", ["225"] = "11 55", ["226"] = "11 55", ["227"] = "11 55", ["228"] = "55 22", ["231"] = "55 55", ["232"] = "55 55", ["233"] = "55 21", ["234"] = "55 21", ["235"] = "55 21", ["236"] = "55 21", ["237"] = "55 55", ["238"] = "55 55", ["241"] = "55 55", ["242"] = "55 55", ["243"] = "55 21", ["244"] = "55 21", ["245"] = "55 21", ["246"] = "55 21", ["247"] = "55 55", ["248"] = "55 55", ["251"] = "33 53", ["252"] = "33 42", ["253"] = "33 53", ["254"] = "33 42", ["255"] = "33 53", ["256"] = "33 42", ["257"] = "33 55", ["258"] = "33 22", ["261"] = "11 53", ["262"] = "11 42", ["263"] = "11 53", ["264"] = "11 42", ["265"] = "11 53", ["266"] = "11 42", ["267"] = "11 55", ["268"] = "11 22", ["271"] = "55 55", ["272"] = "55 55", ["273"] = "55 21", ["274"] = "55 21", ["275"] = "55 21", ["276"] = "55 21", ["277"] = "55 55", ["278"] = "55 55", ["281"] = "11 55", ["282"] = "11 55", ["283"] = "22 21", ["284"] = "22 21", ["285"] = "22 21", ["286"] = "22 21", ["287"] = "11 55", ["288"] = "11 22", ["3111"] = "55 55 55", ["3112"] = "55 55 55", ["3113"] = "55 55 55", ["3114"] = "55 55 55", ["3115"] = "55 55 55", ["3116"] = "55 55 55", ["3117"] = "55 55 11", ["3118"] = "55 55 11", ["3121"] = "55 55 55", ["3122"] = "55 55 55", ["3123"] = "55 55 55", ["3124"] = "55 55 55", ["3125"] = "55 55 55", ["3126"] = "55 55 55", ["3127"] = "55 55 11", ["3128"] = "55 55 11", ["3131"] = "55 55 55", ["3132"] = "55 55 55", ["3133"] = "55 55 55", ["3134"] = "55 55 55", ["3135"] = "55 55 55", ["3136"] = "55 55 55", ["3137"] = "55 55 11", ["3138"] = "55 55 11", ["3141"] = "55 55 55", ["3142"] = "55 55 55", ["3143"] = "55 55 55", ["3144"] = "55 55 55", ["3145"] = "55 55 55", ["3146"] = "55 55 55", ["3147"] = "55 55 11", ["3148"] = "55 55 11", ["3151"] = "55 55 55", ["3152"] = "55 55 55", ["3153"] = "55 55 55", ["3154"] = "55 55 55", ["3155"] = "55 55 55", ["3156"] = "55 55 55", ["3157"] = "55 55 11", ["3158"] = "55 55 11", ["3161"] = "55 55 55", ["3162"] = "55 55 55", ["3163"] = "55 55 55", ["3164"] = "55 55 55", ["3165"] = "55 55 55", ["3166"] = "55 55 55", ["3167"] = "55 55 11", ["3168"] = "55 55 11", ["3171"] = "55 33 21", ["3172"] = "55 33 21", ["3173"] = "55 33 21", ["3174"] = "55 33 21", ["3175"] = "55 33 21", ["3176"] = "55 33 21", ["3177"] = "55 33 11", ["3178"] = "55 33 11", ["3181"] = "55 33 11", ["3182"] = "55 33 11", ["3183"] = "55 33 11", ["3184"] = "55 33 11", ["3185"] = "55 33 11", ["3186"] = "55 33 11", ["3187"] = "55 33 11", ["3188"] = "55 33 11", ["3211"] = "11 55 55", ["3212"] = "11 55 55", ["3213"] = "11 55 55", ["3214"] = "11 55 55", ["3215"] = "11 55 55", ["3216"] = "11 55 55", ["3217"] = "11 55 11", ["3218"] = "11 55 11", ["3221"] = "11 55 55", ["3222"] = "11 55 55", ["3223"] = "11 55 55", ["3224"] = "11 55 55", ["3225"] = "11 55 55", ["3226"] = "11 55 55", ["3227"] = "11 55 11", ["3228"] = "11 55 11", ["3231"] = "11 55 55", ["3232"] = "11 55 55", ["3233"] = "11 55 55", ["3234"] = "11 55 55", ["3235"] = "11 55 55", ["3236"] = "11 55 55", ["3237"] = "11 55 11", ["3238"] = "11 55 11", ["3241"] = "11 55 55", ["3242"] = "11 55 55", ["3243"] = "11 55 55", ["3244"] = "11 55 55", ["3245"] = "11 55 55", ["3246"] = "11 55 55", ["3247"] = "11 55 11", ["3248"] = "11 55 11", ["3251"] = "11 55 55", ["3252"] = "11 55 55", ["3253"] = "11 55 55", ["3254"] = "11 55 55", ["3255"] = "11 55 55", ["3256"] = "11 55 55", ["3257"] = "11 55 11", ["3258"] = "11 55 11", ["3261"] = "11 55 55", ["3262"] = "11 55 55", ["3263"] = "11 55 55", ["3264"] = "11 55 55", ["3265"] = "11 55 55", ["3266"] = "11 55 55", ["3267"] = "11 55 11", ["3268"] = "11 55 11", ["3271"] = "11 55 21", ["3272"] = "11 55 21", ["3273"] = "11 55 21", ["3274"] = "11 55 21", ["3275"] = "11 55 21", ["3276"] = "11 55 21", ["3277"] = "11 55 11", ["3278"] = "11 55 11", ["3281"] = "11 55 21", ["3282"] = "11 55 21", ["3283"] = "11 55 21", ["3284"] = "11 55 21", ["3285"] = "11 55 21", ["3286"] = "11 55 21", ["3287"] = "11 55 11", ["3288"] = "11 55 11", ["3311"] = "55 55 55", ["3312"] = "55 55 55", ["3313"] = "55 55 55", ["3314"] = "55 55 55", ["3315"] = "55 55 55", ["3316"] = "55 55 55", ["3317"] = "55 55 11", ["3318"] = "55 55 11", ["3321"] = "55 55 55", ["3322"] = "55 55 55", ["3323"] = "55 55 55", ["3324"] = "55 55 55", ["3325"] = "55 55 55", ["3326"] = "55 55 55", ["3327"] = "55 55 11", ["3328"] = "55 55 11", ["3331"] = "55 33 21", ["3332"] = "55 33 21", ["3333"] = "55 33 21", ["3334"] = "55 33 21", ["3335"] = "55 33 21", ["3336"] = "55 33 21", ["3337"] = "55 33 11", ["3338"] = "", ["3341"] = "55 33 21", ["3342"] = "55 33 21", ["3343"] = "55 33 21", ["3344"] = "55 33 21", ["3345"] = "55 33 21", ["3346"] = "55 33 21", ["3347"] = "55 33 11", ["3348"] = "55 33 11", ["3351"] = "55 33 21", ["3352"] = "55 33 21", ["3353"] = "55 33 21", ["3354"] = "55 33 21", ["3355"] = "55 33 21", ["3356"] = "55 33 21", ["3357"] = "55 33 11", ["3358"] = "55 33 11", ["3361"] = "55 33 21", ["3362"] = "55 33 21", ["3363"] = "55 33 21", ["3364"] = "55 33 21", ["3365"] = "55 33 21", ["3366"] = "55 33 21", ["3367"] = "55 33 11", ["3368"] = "55 33 11", ["3371"] = "55 55 21", ["3372"] = "55 55 21", ["3373"] = "55 55 21", ["3374"] = "55 55 21", ["3375"] = "55 55 21", ["3376"] = "55 55 21", ["3377"] = "55 55 11", ["3378"] = "55 55 11", ["3381"] = "55 55 21", ["3382"] = "55 55 21", ["3383"] = "55 55 21", ["3384"] = "55 55 21", ["3385"] = "55 55 21", ["3386"] = "55 55 21", ["3387"] = "55 55 11", ["3388"] = "55 55 11", ["3411"] = "55 55 55", ["3412"] = "55 55 55", ["3413"] = "55 55 55", ["3414"] = "55 55 55", ["3415"] = "55 55 55", ["3416"] = "55 55 55", ["3417"] = "55 55 11", ["3418"] = "55 55 11", ["3421"] = "55 55 55", ["3422"] = "55 55 55", ["3423"] = "55 55 55", ["3424"] = "55 55 55", ["3425"] = "55 55 55", ["3426"] = "55 55 55", ["3427"] = "55 55 11", ["3428"] = "55 55 11", ["3431"] = "55 33 21", ["3432"] = "55 33 21", ["3433"] = "55 33 21", ["3434"] = "55 33 21", ["3435"] = "55 33 21", ["3436"] = "55 33 21", ["3437"] = "55 33 11", ["3438"] = "55 33 11", ["3441"] = "55 33 21", ["3442"] = "55 33 21", ["3443"] = "55 33 21", ["3444"] = "55 33 21", ["3445"] = "55 33 21", ["3446"] = "55 33 21", ["3447"] = "55 33 11", ["3448"] = "55 33 11", ["3451"] = "55 33 21", ["3452"] = "55 33 21", ["3453"] = "55 33 21", ["3454"] = "55 33 21", ["3455"] = "55 33 21", ["3456"] = "55 33 21", ["3457"] = "55 33 11", ["3458"] = "55 33 11", ["3461"] = "55 33 21", ["3462"] = "55 33 21", ["3463"] = "55 33 21", ["3464"] = "55 33 21", ["3465"] = "55 33 21", ["3466"] = "55 33 21", ["3467"] = "55 33 11", ["3468"] = "55 33 11", ["3471"] = "55 55 21", ["3472"] = "55 55 21", ["3473"] = "55 55 21", ["3474"] = "55 55 21", ["3475"] = "55 55 21", ["3476"] = "55 55 21", ["3477"] = "55 55 11", ["3478"] = "55 55 11", ["3481"] = "55 55 21", ["3482"] = "55 55 21", ["3483"] = "55 55 21", ["3484"] = "55 55 21", ["3485"] = "55 55 21", ["3486"] = "55 55 21", ["3487"] = "55 55 11", ["3488"] = "55 55 11", ["3511"] = "33 55 21", ["3512"] = "33 55 21", ["3513"] = "33 55 21", ["3514"] = "33 55 21", ["3515"] = "33 55 21", ["3516"] = "33 55 21", ["3517"] = "33 55 11", ["3518"] = "33 55 11", ["3521"] = "33 55 21", ["3522"] = "33 55 21", ["3523"] = "33 55 21", ["3524"] = "33 55 21", ["3525"] = "33 55 21", ["3526"] = "33 55 21", ["3527"] = "33 55 11", ["3528"] = "33 55 11", ["3531"] = "33 55 21", ["3532"] = "33 55 21", ["3533"] = "33 55 21", ["3534"] = "33 55 21", ["3535"] = "33 55 21", ["3536"] = "33 55 21", ["3537"] = "33 55 11", ["3538"] = "33 55 11", ["3541"] = "33 55 21", ["3542"] = "33 55 21", ["3543"] = "33 55 21", ["3544"] = "33 55 21", ["3545"] = "33 55 21", ["3546"] = "33 55 21", ["3547"] = "33 55 11", ["3548"] = "33 55 11", ["3551"] = "33 55 21", ["3552"] = "33 55 21", ["3553"] = "33 55 21", ["3554"] = "33 55 21", ["3555"] = "33 55 21", ["3556"] = "33 55 21", ["3557"] = "33 55 11", ["3558"] = "33 55 11", ["3561"] = "33 55 21", ["3562"] = "33 55 21", ["3563"] = "33 55 21", ["3564"] = "33 55 21", ["3565"] = "33 55 21", ["3566"] = "33 55 21", ["3567"] = "33 55 11", ["3568"] = "33 55 11", ["3571"] = "33 55 21", ["3572"] = "33 55 21", ["3573"] = "33 55 21", ["3574"] = "33 55 21", ["3575"] = "33 55 21", ["3576"] = "33 55 21", ["3577"] = "33 55 11", ["3578"] = "33 55 11", ["3581"] = "33 55 21", ["3582"] = "33 55 21", ["3583"] = "33 55 21", ["3584"] = "33 55 21", ["3585"] = "33 55 21", ["3586"] = "33 55 21", ["3587"] = "33 55 11", ["3588"] = "33 55 11", ["3611"] = "11 55 21", ["3612"] = "11 55 21", ["3613"] = "11 55 21", ["3614"] = "11 55 21", ["3615"] = "11 55 21", ["3616"] = "11 55 21", ["3617"] = "11 55 11", ["3618"] = "11 55 11", ["3621"] = "11 55 21", ["3622"] = "11 55 21", ["3623"] = "11 55 21", ["3624"] = "11 55 21", ["3625"] = "11 55 21", ["3626"] = "11 55 21", ["3627"] = "11 55 11", ["3628"] = "11 55 11", ["3631"] = "11 55 21", ["3632"] = "11 55 21", ["3633"] = "11 55 21", ["3634"] = "11 55 21", ["3635"] = "11 55 21", ["3636"] = "11 55 21", ["3637"] = "11 55 11", ["3638"] = "11 55 11", ["3641"] = "11 55 21", ["3642"] = "11 55 21", ["3643"] = "11 55 21", ["3644"] = "11 55 21", ["3645"] = "11 55 21", ["3646"] = "11 55 21", ["3647"] = "11 55 11", ["3648"] = "11 55 11", ["3651"] = "11 55 21", ["3652"] = "11 55 21", ["3653"] = "11 55 21", ["3654"] = "11 55 21", ["3655"] = "11 55 21", ["3656"] = "11 55 21", ["3657"] = "11 55 11", ["3658"] = "11 55 11", ["3661"] = "11 55 21", ["3662"] = "11 55 21", ["3663"] = "11 55 21", ["3664"] = "11 55 21", ["3665"] = "11 55 21", ["3666"] = "11 55 21", ["3667"] = "11 55 11", ["3668"] = "11 55 11", ["3671"] = "11 55 21", ["3672"] = "11 55 21", ["3673"] = "11 55 21", ["3674"] = "11 55 21", ["3675"] = "11 55 21", ["3676"] = "11 55 21", ["3677"] = "11 55 11", ["3678"] = "11 55 11", ["3681"] = "11 55 21", ["3682"] = "11 55 21", ["3683"] = "11 55 21", ["3684"] = "11 55 21", ["3685"] = "11 55 21", ["3686"] = "11 55 21", ["3687"] = "11 55 11", ["3688"] = "11 55 11", ["3711"] = "55 55 55", ["3712"] = "55 55 55", ["3713"] = "55 55 55", ["3714"] = "55 55 55", ["3715"] = "55 55 55", ["3716"] = "55 55 55", ["3717"] = "55 55 11", ["3718"] = "55 55 11", ["3721"] = "55 55 55", ["3722"] = "55 55 55", ["3723"] = "55 55 55", ["3724"] = "55 55 55", ["3725"] = "55 55 55", ["3726"] = "55 55 55", ["3727"] = "55 55 11", ["3728"] = "55 55 11", ["3731"] = "55 33 21", ["3732"] = "55 33 21", ["3733"] = "55 33 21", ["3734"] = "55 33 21", ["3735"] = "55 33 21", ["3736"] = "55 33 21", ["3737"] = "55 33 11", ["3738"] = "55 33 11", ["3741"] = "55 33 21", ["3742"] = "55 33 21", ["3743"] = "55 33 21", ["3744"] = "55 33 21", ["3745"] = "55 33 21", ["3746"] = "55 33 21", ["3747"] = "55 33 11", ["3748"] = "55 33 11", ["3751"] = "55 33 21", ["3752"] = "55 33 21", ["3753"] = "55 33 21", ["3754"] = "55 33 21", ["3755"] = "55 33 21", ["3756"] = "55 33 21", ["3757"] = "55 33 11", ["3758"] = "55 33 11", ["3761"] = "55 33 21", ["3762"] = "55 33 21", ["3763"] = "55 33 21", ["3764"] = "55 33 21", ["3765"] = "55 33 21", ["3766"] = "55 33 21", ["3767"] = "55 33 11", ["3768"] = "55 33 11", ["3771"] = "55 55 55", ["3772"] = "55 55 55", ["3773"] = "55 55 55", ["3774"] = "55 55 55", ["3775"] = "55 55 55", ["3776"] = "55 55 55", ["3777"] = "55 55 55", ["3778"] = "55 55 55", ["3781"] = "55 55 55", ["3782"] = "55 55 55", ["3783"] = "55 55 55", ["3784"] = "55 55 55", ["3785"] = "55 55 55", ["3786"] = "55 55 55", ["3787"] = "55 55 55", ["3788"] = "55 55 55", --3811 to 3816, 3821 to 3826 extrapolated from linguistic trends & data in vocab section ["3811"] = "11 55 55", ["3812"] = "11 55 55", ["3813"] = "11 55 55", ["3814"] = "11 55 55", ["3815"] = "11 55 55", ["3816"] = "11 55 55", ["3817"] = "11 55 11", ["3818"] = "11 55 11", ["3821"] = "11 55 55", ["3822"] = "11 55 55", ["3823"] = "11 55 55", ["3824"] = "11 55 55", ["3825"] = "11 55 55", ["3826"] = "11 55 55", ["3827"] = "11 55 11", ["3828"] = "11 55 11", ["3831"] = "22 33 21", ["3832"] = "22 33 21", ["3833"] = "22 33 21", ["3834"] = "22 33 21", ["3835"] = "22 33 21", ["3836"] = "22 33 21", ["3837"] = "", ["3838"] = "22 33 11", ["3841"] = "22 33 21", ["3842"] = "22 33 21", ["3843"] = "22 33 21", ["3844"] = "22 33 21", ["3845"] = "22 33 21", ["3846"] = "22 33 21", ["3847"] = "22 33 11", ["3848"] = "22 33 11", ["3851"] = "22 33 21", ["3852"] = "22 33 21", ["3853"] = "22 33 21", ["3854"] = "22 33 21", ["3855"] = "22 33 21", ["3856"] = "22 33 21", ["3857"] = "22 33 11", ["3858"] = "22 33 11", ["3861"] = "22 33 21", ["3862"] = "22 33 21", ["3863"] = "22 33 21", ["3864"] = "22 33 21", ["3865"] = "22 33 21", ["3866"] = "22 33 21", ["3867"] = "22 33 11", ["3868"] = "22 33 11", ["3871"] = "11 55 55", ["3872"] = "11 55 55", ["3873"] = "11 55 55", ["3874"] = "11 55 55", ["3875"] = "11 55 55", ["3876"] = "11 55 55", ["3877"] = "11 55 55", ["3878"] = "11 55 55", ["3881"] = "11 55 55", ["3882"] = "11 55 55", ["3883"] = "11 55 55", ["3884"] = "11 55 55", ["3885"] = "11 55 55", ["3886"] = "11 55 55", ["3887"] = "11 55 55", ["3888"] = "11 55 55", --RPS ["1s"] = "33", ["2s"] = "11", ["3s"] = "33", ["4s"] = "33", ["5s"] = "33", ["6s"] = "11", ["7s"] = "33", ["8s"] = "11", --2 and 8 have sporadic 1 & 8 shifts ["multiple"] = "33" }, ['hy'] = { ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "51", ["12"] = "31", ["13"] = "343", ["14"] = "232", ["15"] = "35", ["16"] = "213", ["17"] = "55", ["18"] = "22", ["211"] = "35 51", ["212"] = "35 51", ["213"] = "53 31", ["214"] = "53 31", ["215"] = "53 31", ["216"] = "53 31", ["217"] = "35 55", ["218"] = "35 55", ["221"] = "13 51", ["222"] = "13 51", ["223"] = "13 51", ["224"] = "13 51", ["225"] = "13 51", ["226"] = "13 51", ["227"] = "13 33", ["228"] = "13 33", ["231"] = "343 51", ["232"] = "343 51", ["233"] = "343 35", ["234"] = "343 35", ["235"] = "343 35", ["236"] = "343 35", ["237"] = "343 55", ["238"] = "343 55", ["241"] = "232 51", ["242"] = "232 31", ["243"] = "232 35", ["244"] = "232 35", ["245"] = "232 35", ["246"] = "232 35", ["247"] = "232 55", ["248"] = "232 55", ["251"] = "35 31", ["252"] = "35 31", ["253"] = "35 31", ["254"] = "35 31", ["255"] = "35 31", ["256"] = "35 31", ["257"] = "35 33", ["258"] = "35 33", ["261"] = "35 31", ["262"] = "35 31", ["263"] = "35 31", ["264"] = "35 31", ["265"] = "35 31", ["266"] = "35 31", ["267"] = "213 55", ["268"] = "213 55", ["271"] = "55 51", ["272"] = "55 51", ["273"] = "55 35", ["274"] = "55 35", ["275"] = "55 35", ["276"] = "55 35", ["277"] = "55 55", ["278"] = "55 55", ["281"] = "22 51", ["282"] = "22 51", ["283"] = "22 35", ["284"] = "22 35", ["285"] = "22 35", ["286"] = "22 35", ["287"] = "22 55", ["288"] = "22 55", --based on the source, i think this is what they mean ["311"] = "35 55 31", ["312"] = "35 55 31", ["313"] = "53 55 31", ["314"] = "53 55 31", ["315"] = "35 55 31", ["316"] = "35 55 31", ["317"] = "35 55 31", ["318"] = "35 55 31", ["321"] = "31 55 31", ["322"] = "31 55 31", ["323"] = "31 55 31", ["324"] = "31 55 31", ["325"] = "31 55 31", ["326"] = "31 55 31", ["327"] = "31 55 31", ["328"] = "31 55 31", ["331"] = "34 53 31", ["332"] = "34 44 31", ["333"] = "34 44 31", ["334"] = "34 44 31", ["335"] = "34 44 31", ["336"] = "34 44 31", ["337"] = "34 44 31", ["338"] = "34 44 31", ["341"] = "23 53 31", ["342"] = "23 53 31", ["343"] = "23 44 31", ["344"] = "23 44 31", ["345"] = "23 44 31", ["346"] = "23 44 31", ["347"] = "23 44 31", ["348"] = "23 44 31", ["351"] = "35 55 31", ["352"] = "35 55 31", ["353"] = "35 55 31", ["354"] = "35 55 31", ["355"] = "35 55 31", ["356"] = "35 55 31", ["357"] = "35 55 31", ["358"] = "25 55 31", ["361"] = "13 44 31", ["362"] = "13 44 31", ["363"] = "13 44 31", ["364"] = "13 44 31", ["365"] = "13 44 31", ["366"] = "13 44 31", ["367"] = "13 44 31", ["368"] = "13 44 31", ["371"] = "55 55 51", ["372"] = "55 55 51", ["373"] = "55 55 31", ["374"] = "55 55 31", ["375"] = "55 55 31", ["376"] = "55 55 31", ["377"] = "55 55 31", ["378"] = "55 55 31", ["381"] = "22 55 51", ["382"] = "22 55 51", ["383"] = "22 55 51", ["384"] = "22 55 51", ["385"] = "22 55 51", ["386"] = "22 55 51", ["387"] = "22 55 51", ["388"] = "22 55 53", --!RPS! }, ['dq'] = { ["11"] = "44", ["12"] = "213", ["13"] = "53", ["14"] = "31", ["15"] = "435", ["16"] = "224", ["17"] = "55", ["18"] = "33", }, ['hz'] = { ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "334", ["21"] = "33 34", ["31"] = "33 34 52", ["41"] = "33 34 55 21", ["51"] = "33 34 55 22 21", ["213"] = "33 53", ["313"] = "33 55 21", ["413"] = "33 55 22 21", ["217"] = "33 55", ["317"] = "33 34 55", ["12"] = "23", ["22"] = "22 34", ["32"] = "22 34 53", ["42"] = "22 34 55 21", ["223"] = "22 53", ["323"] = "22 55 21", ["423"] = "22 55 22 21", ["13"] = "53", ["23"] = "55 21", ["33"] = "55 22 21", ["43"] = "55 22 22 21", ["53"] = "55 22 22 22 21", ["15"] = "45", ["25"] = "34 53", ["35"] = "34 55 21", ["45"] = "34 55 22 21", ["16"] = "113", ["26"] = "11 53", ["36"] = "11 55 21", ["46"] = "11 55 22 21", ["56"] = "11 55 22 22 21", ["17"] = "55", ["27"] = "33 34", ["37"] = "33 34 53", ["47"] = "33 34 55 21", ["273"] = "33 53", ["373"] = "33 55 21", ["473"] = "33 55 22 21", ["270"] = "55 21", ["370"] = "55 22 21", ["470"] = "55 22 22 21", ["377"] = "44 44 55", ["378"] = "44 44 55", ["18"] = "23", ["28"] = "22 34", ["38"] = "22 34 53", ["48"] = "22 34 55 21", ["58"] = "22 34 55 22 21", ["283"] = "22 53", ["383"] = "22 55 21", ["483"] = "22 55 22 21", ["380"] = "22 22 33", --RPS ["1s"] = "33", ["2s"] = "22", ["3s"] = "33", ["5s"] = "34", ["6s"] = "12", ["7s"] = "44", ["8s"] = "22", --3: /33~44/, 5: /33~34/, 6: /11~12~23/, 7: /3~4/, 8: /2~3/ ["multiple"] = "33" }, ['xs'] = { ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "44", ["12"] = "13", ["13"] = "34", ["14"] = "213", ["15"] = "53", ["16"] = "31", ["17"] = "55", ["18"] = "22", }, ['fy'] = { ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "53", ["12"] = "113", ["13"] = "424", ["14"] = "212", ["15"] = "335", ["16"] = "212", ["17"] = "55", ["18"] = "22", ["211"] = "55 55", ["212"] = "55 55", ["213"] = "55 31", ["214"] = "55 31", ["215"] = "55 31", ["216"] = "55 31", ["217"] = "55 55", ["218"] = "55 55", ["22"] = "11 11", ["23"] = "33 35", ["24"] = "11 53", ["25"] = "33 53", ["26"] = "11 35", ["271"] = "55 31", ["272"] = "55 31", ["273"] = "33 35", ["274"] = "33 35", ["275"] = "33 35", ["276"] = "33 35", ["277"] = "55 31", ["278"] = "55 31", ["28"] = "11 53", --RPS ["1s"] = "33", ["2s"] = "11", ["3s"] = "33", ["4s"] = "11", ["5s"] = "33", ["6s"] = "11", ["7s"] = "33", ["8s"] = "11", }, ['sx'] = { ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "52", ["12"] = "231", ["13"] = "335", ["14"] = "113", ["15"] = "33", ["16"] = "11", ["17"] = "45", ["18"] = "23", --regular disyllabic LPS ["211"] = "33 52", ["212"] = "33 52", ["213"] = "33 55", ["214"] = "33 55", ["215"] = "33 55", ["216"] = "33 55", ["217"] = "33 55", ["218"] = "33 55", ["221"] = "11 52", ["222"] = "11 52", ["223"] = "11 55", ["224"] = "11 55", ["225"] = "11 55", ["226"] = "11 55", ["227"] = "11 55", ["228"] = "11 55", ["231"] = "335 52", ["232"] = "335 52", ["233"] = "335 52", ["234"] = "335 52", ["235"] = "335 52", ["236"] = "335 52", ["237"] = "335 54", ["238"] = "335 54", ["241"] = "115 52", ["242"] = "115 52", ["243"] = "115 52", ["244"] = "115 52", ["245"] = "115 52", ["246"] = "115 52", ["247"] = "115 54", ["248"] = "115 54", ["251"] = "33 33", ["252"] = "33 33", ["253"] = "33 33", ["254"] = "33 33", ["255"] = "33 33", ["256"] = "33 33", ["257"] = "33 33", ["258"] = "33 33", ["261"] = "11 11", ["262"] = "11 11", ["263"] = "11 11", ["264"] = "11 11", ["265"] = "11 11", ["266"] = "11 11", ["267"] = "11 11", ["268"] = "11 11", ["271"] = "33 52", ["272"] = "33 52", ["273"] = "33 55", ["274"] = "33 55", ["275"] = "33 55", ["276"] = "33 55", ["277"] = "33 55", ["278"] = "33 55", ["281"] = "11 52", ["282"] = "11 52", ["283"] = "11 55", ["284"] = "11 55", ["285"] = "11 55", ["286"] = "11 55", ["287"] = "11 55", ["288"] = "11 55", --irregular LPS ["250"] = "33 55", ["260"] = "11 55", --regular trisyllabic LPS ["3111"] = "33 55 52", ["3112"] = "33 55 52", ["3113"] = "33 55 52", ["3114"] = "33 55 52", ["3115"] = "33 55 52", ["3116"] = "33 55 52", ["3117"] = "33 55 54", ["3118"] = "33 55 54", ["3121"] = "33 55 52", ["3122"] = "33 55 52", ["3123"] = "33 55 52", ["3124"] = "33 55 52", ["3125"] = "33 55 52", ["3126"] = "33 55 52", ["3127"] = "33 55 54", ["3128"] = "33 55 54", ["3131"] = "33 55 52", ["3132"] = "33 55 52", ["3133"] = "33 55 52", ["3134"] = "33 55 52", ["3135"] = "33 55 52", ["3136"] = "33 55 52", ["3137"] = "33 55 54", ["3138"] = "33 55 54", ["3141"] = "33 55 52", ["3142"] = "33 55 52", ["3143"] = "33 55 52", ["3144"] = "33 55 52", ["3145"] = "33 55 52", ["3146"] = "33 55 52", ["3147"] = "33 55 54", ["3148"] = "33 55 54", ["3151"] = "33 55 52", ["3152"] = "33 55 52", ["3153"] = "33 55 52", ["3154"] = "33 55 52", ["3155"] = "33 55 52", ["3156"] = "33 55 52", ["3157"] = "33 55 54", ["3158"] = "33 55 54", ["3161"] = "33 55 52", ["3162"] = "33 55 52", ["3163"] = "33 55 52", ["3164"] = "33 55 52", ["3165"] = "33 55 52", ["3166"] = "33 55 52", ["3167"] = "33 55 54", ["3168"] = "33 55 54", ["3171"] = "33 5 52", ["3172"] = "33 5 52", ["3173"] = "33 5 52", ["3174"] = "33 5 52", ["3175"] = "33 5 52", ["3176"] = "33 5 52", ["3177"] = "33 5 54", ["3178"] = "33 5 54", ["3181"] = "33 5 52", ["3182"] = "33 5 52", ["3183"] = "33 5 52", ["3184"] = "33 5 52", ["3185"] = "33 5 52", ["3186"] = "33 5 52", ["3187"] = "33 5 54", ["3188"] = "33 5 54", ["3211"] = "11 55 52", ["3212"] = "11 55 52", ["3213"] = "11 55 52", ["3214"] = "11 55 52", ["3215"] = "11 55 52", ["3216"] = "11 55 52", ["3217"] = "11 55 54", ["3218"] = "11 55 54", ["3221"] = "11 55 52", ["3222"] = "11 55 52", ["3223"] = "11 55 52", ["3224"] = "11 55 52", ["3225"] = "11 55 52", ["3226"] = "11 55 52", ["3227"] = "11 55 54", ["3228"] = "11 55 54", ["3231"] = "11 55 52", ["3232"] = "11 55 52", ["3233"] = "11 55 52", ["3234"] = "11 55 52", ["3235"] = "11 55 52", ["3236"] = "11 55 52", ["3237"] = "11 55 54", ["3238"] = "11 55 54", ["3241"] = "11 55 52", ["3242"] = "11 55 52", ["3243"] = "11 55 52", ["3244"] = "11 55 52", ["3245"] = "11 55 52", ["3246"] = "11 55 52", ["3247"] = "11 55 54", ["3248"] = "11 55 54", ["3251"] = "11 55 52", ["3252"] = "11 55 52", ["3253"] = "11 55 52", ["3254"] = "11 55 52", ["3255"] = "11 55 52", ["3256"] = "11 55 52", ["3257"] = "11 55 54", ["3258"] = "11 55 54", ["3261"] = "11 55 52", ["3262"] = "11 55 52", ["3263"] = "11 55 52", ["3264"] = "11 55 52", ["3265"] = "11 55 52", ["3266"] = "11 55 52", ["3267"] = "11 55 54", ["3268"] = "11 55 54", ["3271"] = "11 5 52", ["3272"] = "11 5 52", ["3273"] = "11 5 52", ["3274"] = "11 5 52", ["3275"] = "11 5 52", ["3276"] = "11 5 52", ["3277"] = "11 5 54", ["3278"] = "11 5 54", ["3281"] = "11 5 52", ["3282"] = "11 5 52", ["3283"] = "11 5 52", ["3284"] = "11 5 52", ["3285"] = "11 5 52", ["3286"] = "11 5 52", ["3287"] = "11 5 54", ["3288"] = "11 5 54", ["3311"] = "335 55 52", ["3312"] = "335 55 52", ["3313"] = "335 55 52", ["3314"] = "335 55 52", ["3315"] = "335 55 52", ["3316"] = "335 55 52", ["3317"] = "335 55 54", ["3318"] = "335 55 54", ["3321"] = "335 55 52", ["3322"] = "335 55 52", ["3323"] = "335 55 52", ["3324"] = "335 55 52", ["3325"] = "335 55 52", ["3326"] = "335 55 52", ["3327"] = "335 55 54", ["3328"] = "335 55 54", ["3331"] = "335 55 52", ["3332"] = "335 55 52", ["3333"] = "335 55 52", ["3334"] = "335 55 52", ["3335"] = "335 55 52", ["3336"] = "335 55 52", ["3337"] = "335 55 54", ["3338"] = "335 55 54", ["3341"] = "335 55 52", ["3342"] = "335 55 52", ["3343"] = "335 55 52", ["3344"] = "335 55 52", ["3345"] = "335 55 52", ["3346"] = "335 55 52", ["3347"] = "335 55 54", ["3348"] = "335 55 54", ["3351"] = "335 55 52", ["3352"] = "335 55 52", ["3353"] = "335 55 52", ["3354"] = "335 55 52", ["3355"] = "335 55 52", ["3356"] = "335 55 52", ["3357"] = "335 55 54", ["3358"] = "335 55 54", ["3361"] = "335 55 52", ["3362"] = "335 55 52", ["3363"] = "335 55 52", ["3364"] = "335 55 52", ["3365"] = "335 55 52", ["3366"] = "335 55 52", ["3367"] = "335 55 54", ["3368"] = "335 55 54", ["3371"] = "335 5 52", ["3372"] = "335 5 52", ["3373"] = "335 5 52", ["3374"] = "335 5 52", ["3375"] = "335 5 52", ["3376"] = "335 5 52", ["3377"] = "335 5 54", ["3378"] = "335 5 54", ["3381"] = "335 5 52", ["3382"] = "335 5 52", ["3383"] = "335 5 52", ["3384"] = "335 5 52", ["3385"] = "335 5 52", ["3386"] = "335 5 52", ["3387"] = "335 5 54", ["3388"] = "335 5 54", ["3411"] = "115 55 52", ["3412"] = "115 55 52", ["3413"] = "115 55 52", ["3414"] = "115 55 52", ["3415"] = "115 55 52", ["3416"] = "115 55 52", ["3417"] = "115 55 54", ["3418"] = "115 55 54", ["3421"] = "115 55 52", ["3422"] = "115 55 52", ["3423"] = "115 55 52", ["3424"] = "115 55 52", ["3425"] = "115 55 52", ["3426"] = "115 55 52", ["3427"] = "115 55 54", ["3428"] = "115 55 54", ["3431"] = "115 55 52", ["3432"] = "115 55 52", ["3433"] = "115 55 52", ["3434"] = "115 55 52", ["3435"] = "115 55 52", ["3436"] = "115 55 52", ["3437"] = "115 55 54", ["3438"] = "115 55 54", ["3441"] = "115 55 52", ["3442"] = "115 55 52", ["3443"] = "115 55 52", ["3444"] = "115 55 52", ["3445"] = "115 55 52", ["3446"] = "115 55 52", ["3447"] = "115 55 54", ["3448"] = "115 55 54", ["3451"] = "115 55 52", ["3452"] = "115 55 52", ["3453"] = "115 55 52", ["3454"] = "115 55 52", ["3455"] = "115 55 52", ["3456"] = "115 55 52", ["3457"] = "115 55 54", ["3458"] = "115 55 54", ["3461"] = "115 55 52", ["3462"] = "115 55 52", ["3463"] = "115 55 52", ["3464"] = "115 55 52", ["3465"] = "115 55 52", ["3466"] = "115 55 52", ["3467"] = "115 55 54", ["3468"] = "115 55 54", ["3471"] = "115 5 52", ["3472"] = "115 5 52", ["3473"] = "115 5 52", ["3474"] = "115 5 52", ["3475"] = "115 5 52", ["3476"] = "115 5 52", ["3477"] = "115 5 54", ["3478"] = "115 5 54", ["3481"] = "115 5 52", ["3482"] = "115 5 52", ["3483"] = "115 5 52", ["3484"] = "115 5 52", ["3485"] = "115 5 52", ["3486"] = "115 5 52", ["3487"] = "115 5 54", ["3488"] = "115 5 54", ["3511"] = "33 33 33", ["3512"] = "33 33 33", ["3513"] = "33 33 33", ["3514"] = "33 33 33", ["3515"] = "33 33 33", ["3516"] = "33 33 33", ["3517"] = "33 33 3", ["3518"] = "33 33 3", ["3521"] = "33 33 33", ["3522"] = "33 33 33", ["3523"] = "33 33 33", ["3524"] = "33 33 33", ["3525"] = "33 33 33", ["3526"] = "33 33 33", ["3527"] = "33 33 3", ["3528"] = "33 33 3", ["3531"] = "33 33 33", ["3532"] = "33 33 33", ["3533"] = "33 33 33", ["3534"] = "33 33 33", ["3535"] = "33 33 33", ["3536"] = "33 33 33", ["3537"] = "33 33 3", ["3538"] = "33 33 3", ["3541"] = "33 33 33", ["3542"] = "33 33 33", ["3543"] = "33 33 33", ["3544"] = "33 33 33", ["3545"] = "33 33 33", ["3546"] = "33 33 33", ["3547"] = "33 33 3", ["3548"] = "33 33 3", ["3551"] = "33 33 33", ["3552"] = "33 33 33", ["3553"] = "33 33 33", ["3554"] = "33 33 33", ["3555"] = "33 33 33", ["3556"] = "33 33 33", ["3557"] = "33 33 3", ["3558"] = "33 33 3", ["3561"] = "33 33 33", ["3562"] = "33 33 33", ["3563"] = "33 33 33", ["3564"] = "33 33 33", ["3565"] = "33 33 33", ["3566"] = "33 33 33", ["3567"] = "33 33 3", ["3568"] = "33 33 3", ["3571"] = "33 3 33", ["3572"] = "33 3 33", ["3573"] = "33 3 33", ["3574"] = "33 3 33", ["3575"] = "33 3 33", ["3576"] = "33 3 33", ["3577"] = "33 3 3", ["3578"] = "33 3 3", ["3581"] = "33 3 33", ["3582"] = "33 3 33", ["3583"] = "33 3 33", ["3584"] = "33 3 33", ["3585"] = "33 3 33", ["3586"] = "33 3 33", ["3587"] = "33 3 3", ["3588"] = "33 3 3", ["3611"] = "11 11 11", ["3612"] = "11 11 11", ["3613"] = "11 11 11", ["3614"] = "11 11 11", ["3615"] = "11 11 11", ["3616"] = "11 11 11", ["3617"] = "11 11 1", ["3618"] = "11 11 1", ["3621"] = "11 11 11", ["3622"] = "11 11 11", ["3623"] = "11 11 11", ["3624"] = "11 11 11", ["3625"] = "11 11 11", ["3626"] = "11 11 11", ["3627"] = "11 11 1", ["3628"] = "11 11 1", ["3631"] = "11 11 11", ["3632"] = "11 11 11", ["3633"] = "11 11 11", ["3634"] = "11 11 11", ["3635"] = "11 11 11", ["3636"] = "11 11 11", ["3637"] = "11 11 1", ["3638"] = "11 11 1", ["3641"] = "11 11 11", ["3642"] = "11 11 11", ["3643"] = "11 11 11", ["3644"] = "11 11 11", ["3645"] = "11 11 11", ["3646"] = "11 11 11", ["3647"] = "11 11 1", ["3648"] = "11 11 1", ["3651"] = "11 11 11", ["3652"] = "11 11 11", ["3653"] = "11 11 11", ["3654"] = "11 11 11", ["3655"] = "11 11 11", ["3656"] = "11 11 11", ["3657"] = "11 11 1", ["3658"] = "11 11 1", ["3661"] = "11 11 11", ["3662"] = "11 11 11", ["3663"] = "11 11 11", ["3664"] = "11 11 11", ["3665"] = "11 11 11", ["3666"] = "11 11 11", ["3667"] = "11 11 1", ["3668"] = "11 11 1", ["3671"] = "11 1 11", ["3672"] = "11 1 11", ["3673"] = "11 1 11", ["3674"] = "11 1 11", ["3675"] = "11 1 11", ["3676"] = "11 1 11", ["3677"] = "11 1 1", ["3678"] = "11 1 1", ["3681"] = "11 1 11", ["3682"] = "11 1 11", ["3683"] = "11 1 11", ["3684"] = "11 1 11", ["3685"] = "11 1 11", ["3686"] = "11 1 11", ["3687"] = "11 1 1", ["3688"] = "11 1 1", ["3711"] = "3 55 52", ["3712"] = "3 55 52", ["3713"] = "3 55 52", ["3714"] = "3 55 52", ["3715"] = "3 55 52", ["3716"] = "3 55 52", ["3717"] = "3 55 54", ["3718"] = "3 55 54", ["3721"] = "3 55 52", ["3722"] = "3 55 52", ["3723"] = "3 55 52", ["3724"] = "3 55 52", ["3725"] = "3 55 52", ["3726"] = "3 55 52", ["3727"] = "3 55 54", ["3728"] = "3 55 54", ["3731"] = "3 55 52", ["3732"] = "3 55 52", ["3733"] = "3 55 52", ["3734"] = "3 55 52", ["3735"] = "3 55 52", ["3736"] = "3 55 52", ["3737"] = "3 55 54", ["3738"] = "3 55 54", ["3741"] = "3 55 52", ["3742"] = "3 55 52", ["3743"] = "3 55 52", ["3744"] = "3 55 52", ["3745"] = "3 55 52", ["3746"] = "3 55 52", ["3747"] = "3 55 54", ["3748"] = "3 55 54", ["3751"] = "3 55 52", ["3752"] = "3 55 52", ["3753"] = "3 55 52", ["3754"] = "3 55 52", ["3755"] = "3 55 52", ["3756"] = "3 55 52", ["3757"] = "3 55 54", ["3758"] = "3 55 54", ["3761"] = "3 55 52", ["3762"] = "3 55 52", ["3763"] = "3 55 52", ["3764"] = "3 55 52", ["3765"] = "3 55 52", ["3766"] = "3 55 52", ["3767"] = "3 55 54", ["3768"] = "3 55 54", ["3771"] = "3 5 52", ["3772"] = "3 5 52", ["3773"] = "3 5 52", ["3774"] = "3 5 52", ["3775"] = "3 5 52", ["3776"] = "3 5 52", ["3777"] = "3 5 54", ["3778"] = "3 5 54", ["3781"] = "3 5 52", ["3782"] = "3 5 52", ["3783"] = "3 5 52", ["3784"] = "3 5 52", ["3785"] = "3 5 52", ["3786"] = "3 5 52", ["3787"] = "3 5 54", ["3788"] = "3 5 54", ["3811"] = "1 55 52", ["3812"] = "1 55 52", ["3813"] = "1 55 52", ["3814"] = "1 55 52", ["3815"] = "1 55 52", ["3816"] = "1 55 52", ["3817"] = "1 55 54", ["3818"] = "1 55 54", ["3821"] = "1 55 52", ["3822"] = "1 55 52", ["3823"] = "1 55 52", ["3824"] = "1 55 52", ["3825"] = "1 55 52", ["3826"] = "1 55 52", ["3827"] = "1 55 54", ["3828"] = "1 55 54", ["3831"] = "1 55 52", ["3832"] = "1 55 52", ["3833"] = "1 55 52", ["3834"] = "1 55 52", ["3835"] = "1 55 52", ["3836"] = "1 55 52", ["3837"] = "1 55 54", ["3838"] = "1 55 54", ["3841"] = "1 55 52", ["3842"] = "1 55 52", ["3843"] = "1 55 52", ["3844"] = "1 55 52", ["3845"] = "1 55 52", ["3846"] = "1 55 52", ["3847"] = "1 55 54", ["3848"] = "1 55 54", ["3851"] = "1 55 52", ["3852"] = "1 55 52", ["3853"] = "1 55 52", ["3854"] = "1 55 52", ["3855"] = "1 55 52", ["3856"] = "1 55 52", ["3857"] = "1 55 54", ["3858"] = "1 55 54", ["3861"] = "1 55 52", ["3862"] = "1 55 52", ["3863"] = "1 55 52", ["3864"] = "1 55 52", ["3865"] = "1 55 52", ["3866"] = "1 55 52", ["3867"] = "1 55 54", ["3868"] = "1 55 54", ["3871"] = "1 5 52", ["3872"] = "1 5 52", ["3873"] = "1 5 52", ["3874"] = "1 5 52", ["3875"] = "1 5 52", ["3876"] = "1 5 52", ["3877"] = "1 5 54", ["3878"] = "1 5 54", ["3881"] = "1 5 52", ["3882"] = "1 5 52", ["3883"] = "1 5 52", ["3884"] = "1 5 52", ["3885"] = "1 5 52", ["3886"] = "1 5 52", ["3887"] = "1 5 54", ["3888"] = "1 5 54", --LPS for numbers ["21N1"] = "33 52", ["21N2"] = "33 52", ["21N3"] = "33 55", ["21N4"] = "33 55", ["21N5"] = "33 55", ["21N6"] = "33 55", ["21N7"] = "33 55", ["21N8"] = "33 55", ["22N1"] = "11 52", ["22N2"] = "11 52", ["22N3"] = "11 55", ["22N4"] = "11 55", ["22N5"] = "11 55", ["22N6"] = "11 55", ["22N7"] = "11 55", ["22N8"] = "11 55", ["23N1"] = "55 52", ["23N2"] = "55 52", ["23N3"] = "55 55", ["23N4"] = "55 55", ["23N5"] = "55 55", ["23N6"] = "55 55", ["23N7"] = "55 55", ["23N8"] = "55 55", ["24N1"] = "115 52", ["24N2"] = "115 52", ["24N3"] = "115 55", ["24N4"] = "115 55", ["24N5"] = "115 55", ["24N6"] = "115 55", ["24N7"] = "115 55", ["24N8"] = "115 55", ["25N1"] = "55 52", ["25N2"] = "55 52", ["25N3"] = "55 55", ["25N4"] = "55 55", ["25N5"] = "55 55", ["25N6"] = "55 55", ["25N7"] = "55 55", ["25N8"] = "55 55", ["26N1"] = "11 52", ["26N2"] = "11 52", ["26N3"] = "11 55", ["26N4"] = "11 55", ["26N5"] = "11 55", ["26N6"] = "11 55", ["26N7"] = "11 55", ["26N8"] = "11 55", ["27N1"] = "33 52", ["27N2"] = "33 52", ["27N3"] = "33 55", ["27N4"] = "33 55", ["27N5"] = "33 55", ["27N6"] = "33 55", ["27N7"] = "33 55", ["27N8"] = "33 55", ["28N1"] = "11 52", ["28N2"] = "11 52", ["28N3"] = "11 55", ["28N4"] = "11 55", ["28N5"] = "11 55", ["28N6"] = "11 55", ["28N7"] = "11 55", ["28N8"] = "11 55", ["31N1"] = "33 52 55", ["31N2"] = "33 52 55", ["31N3"] = "33 55 55", ["31N4"] = "33 55 55", ["31N5"] = "33 55 55", ["31N6"] = "33 55 55", ["31N7"] = "33 55 55", ["31N8"] = "33 55 55", ["32N1"] = "11 52 55", ["32N2"] = "11 52 55", ["32N3"] = "11 55 55", ["32N4"] = "11 55 55", ["32N5"] = "11 55 55", ["32N6"] = "11 55 55", ["32N7"] = "11 55 55", ["32N8"] = "11 55 55", ["33N1"] = "55 52 55", ["33N2"] = "55 52 55", ["33N3"] = "55 55 55", ["33N4"] = "55 55 55", ["33N5"] = "55 55 55", ["33N6"] = "55 55 55", ["33N7"] = "55 55 55", ["33N8"] = "55 55 55", ["34N1"] = "115 52 55", ["34N2"] = "115 52 55", ["34N3"] = "115 55 55", ["34N4"] = "115 55 55", ["34N5"] = "115 55 55", ["34N6"] = "115 55 55", ["34N7"] = "115 55 55", ["34N8"] = "115 55 55", ["35N1"] = "55 52 55", ["35N2"] = "55 52 55", ["35N3"] = "55 55 55", ["35N4"] = "55 55 55", ["35N5"] = "55 55 55", ["35N6"] = "55 55 55", ["35N7"] = "55 55 55", ["35N8"] = "55 55 55", ["36N1"] = "11 52 55", ["36N2"] = "11 52 55", ["36N3"] = "11 55 55", ["36N4"] = "11 55 55", ["36N5"] = "11 55 55", ["36N6"] = "11 55 55", ["36N7"] = "11 55 55", ["36N8"] = "11 55 55", ["37N1"] = "33 52 55", ["37N2"] = "33 52 55", ["37N3"] = "33 55 55", ["37N4"] = "33 55 55", ["37N5"] = "33 55 55", ["37N6"] = "33 55 55", ["37N7"] = "33 55 55", ["37N8"] = "33 55 55", ["38N1"] = "11 52 55", ["38N2"] = "11 52 55", ["38N3"] = "11 55 55", ["38N4"] = "11 55 55", ["38N5"] = "11 55 55", ["38N6"] = "11 55 55", ["38N7"] = "11 55 55", ["38N8"] = "11 55 55", --LPS for classifiers ["211C"] = "33 55", ["212C"] = "33 55", ["213C"] = "33 55", ["214C"] = "33 55", ["215C"] = "33 55", ["216C"] = "33 55", ["217C"] = "33 55", ["218C"] = "33 55", ["221C"] = "11 55", ["222C"] = "11 55", ["223C"] = "11 55", ["224C"] = "11 55", ["225C"] = "11 55", ["226C"] = "11 55", ["227C"] = "11 55", ["228C"] = "11 55", ["231C"] = "55 55", ["232C"] = "55 55", ["233C"] = "55 55", ["234C"] = "55 55", ["235C"] = "55 55", ["236C"] = "55 55", ["237C"] = "55 55", ["238C"] = "55 55", ["241C"] = "115 55", ["242C"] = "115 55", ["243C"] = "115 55", ["244C"] = "115 55", ["245C"] = "115 55", ["246C"] = "115 55", ["247C"] = "115 55", ["248C"] = "115 55", ["251C"] = "55 55", ["255C"] = "55 55", ["253C"] = "55 55", ["254C"] = "55 55", ["255C"] = "55 55", ["256C"] = "55 55", ["257C"] = "55 55", ["258C"] = "55 55", ["261C"] = "11 55", ["262C"] = "11 55", ["263C"] = "11 55", ["264C"] = "11 55", ["265C"] = "11 55", ["266C"] = "11 55", ["267C"] = "11 55", ["268C"] = "11 55", ["271C"] = "33 55", ["272C"] = "33 55", ["273C"] = "33 55", ["274C"] = "33 55", ["275C"] = "33 55", ["276C"] = "33 55", ["277C"] = "33 55", ["278C"] = "33 55", ["281C"] = "11 55", ["282C"] = "11 55", ["283C"] = "11 55", ["284C"] = "11 55", ["285C"] = "11 55", ["286C"] = "11 55", ["287C"] = "11 55", ["288C"] = "11 55", ["311C"] = "33 55 55", ["312C"] = "33 55 55", ["313C"] = "33 55 55", ["314C"] = "33 55 55", ["315C"] = "33 55 55", ["316C"] = "33 55 55", ["317C"] = "33 55 55", ["318C"] = "33 55 55", ["321C"] = "11 55 55", ["322C"] = "11 55 55", ["323C"] = "11 55 55", ["324C"] = "11 55 55", ["325C"] = "11 55 55", ["326C"] = "11 55 55", ["327C"] = "11 55 55", ["328C"] = "11 55 55", ["331C"] = "55 55 55", ["332C"] = "55 55 55", ["333C"] = "55 55 55", ["334C"] = "55 55 55", ["335C"] = "55 55 55", ["336C"] = "55 55 55", ["337C"] = "55 55 55", ["338C"] = "55 55 55", ["341C"] = "115 55 55", ["342C"] = "115 55 55", ["343C"] = "115 55 55", ["344C"] = "115 55 55", ["345C"] = "115 55 55", ["346C"] = "115 55 55", ["347C"] = "115 55 55", ["348C"] = "115 55 55", ["351C"] = "55 55 55", ["355C"] = "55 55 55", ["353C"] = "55 55 55", ["354C"] = "55 55 55", ["355C"] = "55 55 55", ["356C"] = "55 55 55", ["357C"] = "55 55 55", ["358C"] = "55 55 55", ["361C"] = "11 55 55", ["362C"] = "11 55 55", ["363C"] = "11 55 55", ["364C"] = "11 55 55", ["365C"] = "11 55 55", ["366C"] = "11 55 55", ["367C"] = "11 55 55", ["368C"] = "11 55 55", ["371C"] = "33 55 55", ["372C"] = "33 55 55", ["373C"] = "33 55 55", ["374C"] = "33 55 55", ["375C"] = "33 55 55", ["376C"] = "33 55 55", ["377C"] = "33 55 55", ["378C"] = "33 55 55", ["381C"] = "11 55 55", ["382C"] = "11 55 55", ["383C"] = "11 55 55", ["384C"] = "11 55 55", ["385C"] = "11 55 55", ["386C"] = "11 55 55", ["387C"] = "11 55 55", ["388C"] = "11 55 55", --verb-SFP disyllabic ("單音詞和語助詞") ["211P"] = "33 52", ["212P"] = "55 52", ["214P"] = "55 52", ["215P"] = "33 55", ["216P"] = "33 55", ["217P"] = "55 54", ["218P"] = "55 54", ["221P"] = "11 52", ["222P"] = "115 52", ["224P"] = "115 52", ["225P"] = "11 55", ["226P"] = "11 55", ["227P"] = "115 54", ["228P"] = "115 54", ["231P"] = "335 52", ["232P"] = "33 52", ["234P"] = "33 55", ["235P"] = "335 52", ["236P"] = "335 52", ["237P"] = "33 55", ["238P"] = "33 55", ["241P"] = "115 52", ["242P"] = "11 52", ["244P"] = "11 55", ["245P"] = "115 52", ["246P"] = "115 52", ["247P"] = "11 55", ["248P"] = "11 55", ["251P"] = "33 55", ["252P"] = "33 33", ["254P"] = "33 33", ["255P"] = "33 33", ["256P"] = "33 33", ["257P"] = "33 33", ["258P"] = "33 33", ["261P"] = "11 55", ["262P"] = "11 11", ["264P"] = "11 11", ["265P"] = "11 11", ["266P"] = "11 11", ["267P"] = "11 11", ["268P"] = "11 11", ["271P"] = "33 55", ["272P"] = "33 52", ["274P"] = "33 55", ["275P"] = "33 55", ["276P"] = "33 55", ["277P"] = "33 55", ["278P"] = "33 55", ["281P"] = "11 55", ["282P"] = "11 52", ["284P"] = "11 55", ["285P"] = "11 55", ["286P"] = "11 55", ["287P"] = "11 55", ["288P"] = "11 55", --verb object RPS ("述賓") ["211O"] = "33 52", ["212O"] = "55 231", ["213O"] = "55 335", ["214O"] = "55 113", ["215O"] = "33 55", ["216O"] = "55 11", ["217O"] = "55 45", ["218O"] = "55 23", ["221O"] = "11 52", ["222O"] = "55 231", ["223O"] = "55 335", ["224O"] = "55 113", ["225O"] = "11 55", ["226O"] = "55 11", ["227O"] = "55 45", ["228O"] = "55 23", ["231O"] = "33 52", ["232O"] = "55 231", ["233O"] = "55 335", ["234O"] = "55 113", ["235O"] = "33 55", ["236O"] = "55 11", ["237O"] = "55 45", ["238O"] = "55 23", ["241O"] = "11 52", ["242O"] = "55 231", ["243O"] = "55 335", ["244O"] = "55 113", ["245O"] = "11 55", ["246O"] = "55 11", ["247O"] = "55 45", ["248O"] = "55 23", ["251O"] = "33 52", ["252O"] = "55 231", ["253O"] = "55 335", ["254O"] = "55 113", ["255O"] = "33 55", ["256O"] = "55 11", ["257O"] = "55 45", ["258O"] = "55 23", ["261O"] = "11 52", ["262O"] = "55 231", ["263O"] = "55 335", ["264O"] = "55 113", ["265O"] = "11 55", ["266O"] = "55 11", ["267O"] = "55 45", ["268O"] = "55 23", ["271O"] = "33 52", ["272O"] = "55 231", ["273O"] = "55 335", ["274O"] = "55 113", ["275O"] = "33 55", ["276O"] = "55 11", ["277O"] = "55 45", ["278O"] = "55 23", ["281O"] = "11 52", ["282O"] = "55 231", ["283O"] = "55 335", ["284O"] = "55 113", ["285O"] = "11 55", ["286O"] = "55 11", ["287O"] = "55 45", ["288O"] = "55 23", --noun verb/adjective RPS ("主謂") ["1A"] = "55", ["2A"] = "115", ["3A"] = "335", ["4A"] = "55", ["5A"] = "55", ["6A"] = "55", ["7A"] = "55", ["8A"] = "25" }, -- [""] = "", ['cx'] = { ["11"] = "324", ["12"] = "14", ["15"] = "43", ["17"] = "45", ["18"] = "31", ["211"] = "42 334", ["212"] = "42 324", ["213"] = "45 41", ["214"] = "45 41", ["215"] = "45 41", ["216"] = "45 51", ["217"] = "42 54", ["218"] = "42 34", ["221"] = "32 334", ["222"] = "32 224", ["223"] = "35 41", ["224"] = "35 51", ["225"] = "35 41", ["226"] = "35 51", ["227"] = "32 54", ["228"] = "32 34", ["231"] = "42 51", ["232"] = "42 451", ["233"] = "42 51", ["234"] = "42 451", ["235"] = "42 51", ["236"] = "42 451", ["237"] = "42 54", ["238"] = "42 34", ["241"] = "32 51", ["242"] = "32 451", ["243"] = "24 44", ["244"] = "24 44", ["245"] = "24 44", ["246"] = "24 44", ["247"] = "24 55", ["248"] = "24 55", ["251"] = "33 31", ["252"] = "33 31", ["253"] = "33 31", ["254"] = "33 31", ["255"] = "33 31", ["256"] = "33 31", ["257"] = "44 54", ["258"] = "33 343", ["261"] = "21 44", ["262"] = "21 344", ["263"] = "21 44", ["264"] = "21 344", ["265"] = "21 44", ["266"] = "21 344", ["267"] = "31 55", ["268"] = "32 55", ["271"] = "44 31", ["272"] = "44 31", ["273"] = "44 31", ["274"] = "44 31", ["275"] = "44 31", ["276"] = "44 31", ["277"] = "44 32", ["278"] = "44 32", ["281"] = "32 51", ["282"] = "32 451", ["283"] = "32 44", ["284"] = "32 344", ["285"] = "32 44", ["286"] = "32 344", ["287"] = "32 55", ["288"] = "32 35", }, ['nb'] = { ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "52", ["12"] = "313", ["13"] = "325", ["14"] = "113", ["15"] = "55", ["16"] = "113", ["17"] = "55", ["18"] = "12", ["21"] = "33 51", ["22"] = "22 51", ["23"] = "33 35", ["24"] = "24 33", ["25"] = "55 33", ["26"] = "22 44", ["27"] = "55 33", ["28"] = "22 35", ["210"] = "33 44", ["240"] = "23 44", ["260"] = "22 35", ["270"] = "33 34", ["31"] = "33 55 31", ["32"] = "22 44 55", ["33"] = "33 44 55", ["34"] = "22 33 31", ["35"] = "55 33 31", ["36"] = "22 55 31", ["37"] = "55 33 31", ["38"] = "22 34 51", --RPS ["s"] = "21", ["multiple"] = "" }, ['zs'] = { ["10"] = "", ["11"] = "53", ["12"] = "22", ["13"] = "35", ["14"] = "24", ["15"] = "44", ["16"] = "13", ["17"] = "55", ["18"] = "12", } } return data 24ndtjred3j8ga5waeuvn6gtu4jzsr1 1 3786365 7240877 2026-07-06T10:42:48Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "尝试迁移到模板中…… ~~~~" 7240877 wikitext text/x-wiki 尝试迁移到模板中…… [[User:内存溢出的猫|内存溢出的猫]] ([[User talk:内存溢出的猫|talk]]) 10:42, 6 July 2026 (UTC) 2j9svy5naw3tcssnv6ymgy78o11cdrg 0 3786366 7240878 2026-07-06T10:43:34Z Manaf205 2595279 Created page with " [[Category:Wq/ha]]" 7240878 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wq/ha]] d2p871ecfj9uica1dlajf9s33por1lr 7240884 7240878 2026-07-06T10:45:20Z Manaf205 2595279 7240884 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wq/ha]] [[Wq/ha/John|John]] Kiriamiti (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1950) tsohon ɗan fashin banki ne daga Kenya wanda daga baya ya zama marubuci. Ya fi shahara da rubuta littattafan '''[[Wq/ha/My Life in Crime|My Life in Crime]]''' da [[Wq/ha/My Life with a Criminal: Milly's Story.|'''My Life with a Criminal: Milly's Story'''.]] Waɗannan littattafan sun yi matuƙar fice kuma sun zama abin karantawa sosai a tsakanin matasan Kenya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 da kuma cikin shekarun 1990 bnr5f6zsqk3v8dnkrj63fn3dvqr6sng 7240887 7240884 2026-07-06T10:45:45Z Manaf205 2595279 7240887 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wq/ha]] [[Wq/ha/John|John]] Kiriamiti (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1950) tsohon ɗan fashin banki ne daga Kenya wanda daga baya ya zama marubuci. Ya fi shahara da rubuta littattafan '''[[Wq/ha/My Life in Crime|My Life in Crime]]''' da [[Wq/ha/My Life with a Criminal: Milly's Story.|'''My Life with a Criminal: Milly's Story'''.]] Waɗannan littattafan sun yi matuƙar fice kuma sun zama abin karantawa sosai a tsakanin matasan Kenya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 da kuma cikin shekarun 1990 == zantuka == ggah4ilvqj6k2jji14avhhy5godp9qb 828 3786367 7240881 2026-07-06T10:43:59Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local byte = string.byte local match = string.match local sub = string.sub --[==[ A comparison function for strings, which returns {true} if {a} sorts before {b}, or otherwise {false}; it can be used as the sort function with {table.sort}. This function always sorts using byte-order, which makes it roughly equivalent to the {<} operator, but with fixes for two serious bugs raised in [[phab:T193096#4161287]] and [[phab:T49137#9167559]]: * {<} is supposed to compare UTF-..." 7240881 Scribunto text/plain local byte = string.byte local match = string.match local sub = string.sub --[==[ A comparison function for strings, which returns {true} if {a} sorts before {b}, or otherwise {false}; it can be used as the sort function with {table.sort}. This function always sorts using byte-order, which makes it roughly equivalent to the {<} operator, but with fixes for two serious bugs raised in [[phab:T193096#4161287]] and [[phab:T49137#9167559]]: * {<} is supposed to compare UTF-8 codepoints in the two strings, but when a codepoint that is U+10000 or above is encountered in the left-hand string, {<} always returns {false}, irrespective of the content of the other string. * {<} treats unassigned codepoints and non-UTF-8 byte sequences as being higher than {"\0"} but lower than {"\1"}, instead of sorting according to byte order.]==] return function(a, b) -- Equality check. if a == b then return false end -- Byte comparison is slow, so only do it when it's really needed: -- iterate over both strings, grabbing a set of ASCII bytes followed by -- a set of non-ASCII bytes from each (either of which could be empty), -- and compare them with ==. If the ASCII substrings are unequal, just -- use <, since the bug won't affect it. Otherwise, compare bytes in the -- non-ASCII substrings. local loc, ascii_a, nonascii_a, ascii_b, nonascii_b = 1 repeat ascii_a, nonascii_a = match(a, "^([^\128-\255]*)([\128-\255]*)", loc) ascii_b, nonascii_b, loc = match(b, "^([^\128-\255]*)([\128-\255]*)()", loc) -- update `loc` on the second call -- When comparing ASCII sets, use <. The lower substring will be -- from the lower string *except* when it comprises the start of the -- other substring and is followed by a non-ASCII character. For -- instance, if `ascii_a` is "pqrs": -- If `ascii_b` is "abc", `b` is lower, since "abc" < "pqrs". -- If `ascii_b` is "pqr" and followed by non-ASCII "ž", `a` is -- lower, since "pqrs" < "pqrž". -- If `ascii_b` is "pqr" and at the end of `b`, `b` is lower, since -- "pqr" < "pqrs". if ascii_a ~= ascii_b then if ascii_a < ascii_b then return nonascii_a == "" or ascii_a ~= sub(ascii_b, 1, #ascii_a) end return not (nonascii_b == "" or ascii_b ~= sub(ascii_a, 1, #ascii_b)) end -- If the non-ASCII parts are not equal, terminate the loop. until nonascii_a ~= nonascii_b -- If either one is the empty string, then the end of that string has -- been reached, making it the lower string. if nonascii_a == "" then return true elseif nonascii_b == "" then return false end loc = 1 while true do -- 4 bytes at a time is a balance between minimizing the number of -- byte() calls without grabbing unnecessary extra bytes after the -- difference. local b_a1, b_a2, b_a3, b_a4 = byte(nonascii_a, loc, loc + 3) if b_a1 == nil then return true end local b_b1, b_b2, b_b3, b_b4 = byte(nonascii_b, loc, loc + 3) if b_a1 ~= b_b1 then return b_b1 and b_a1 < b_b1 elseif b_a2 ~= b_b2 then return b_a2 == nil or b_b2 and b_a2 < b_b2 elseif b_a3 ~= b_b3 then return b_a3 == nil or b_b3 and b_a3 < b_b3 elseif b_a4 ~= b_b4 then return b_a4 == nil or b_b4 and b_a4 < b_b4 end loc = loc + 4 end end fshgty7mojs150t5jnkyy2f1rbcgty2 828 3786368 7240882 2026-07-06T10:44:23Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local hsv_initial = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "ᵐb", ["f"] = "f", ["v"] = "v", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "ⁿd", ["l"] = "l", ["lh"] = "ɬ", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ᵑɡ", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["y"] = "j", ["s"] = "s", ["h"] = "h", [""] = "" } local hsv_final = { ["a"] = "a", ["ai"] = "ai", ["au"] = "au", ["am"] = "am", ["an"] = "an", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["ap"] = "ap̚", ["at"] = "at̚", ["ak"]..." 7240882 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local hsv_initial = { ["b"] = "p", ["p"] = "pʰ", ["m"] = "ᵐb", ["f"] = "f", ["v"] = "v", ["d"] = "t", ["t"] = "tʰ", ["n"] = "ⁿd", ["l"] = "l", ["lh"] = "ɬ", ["g"] = "k", ["k"] = "kʰ", ["ng"] = "ᵑɡ", ["z"] = "t͡s", ["c"] = "t͡sʰ", ["y"] = "j", ["s"] = "s", ["h"] = "h", [""] = "" } local hsv_final = { ["a"] = "a", ["ai"] = "ai", ["au"] = "au", ["am"] = "am", ["an"] = "an", ["ang"] = "aŋ", ["ap"] = "ap̚", ["at"] = "at̚", ["ak"] = "ak̚", ["i"] = "i", ["iu"] = "iu", ["im"] = "im", ["in"] = "in", ["ip"] = "ip̚", ["it"] = "it̚", ["ie"] = "iɛ", ["iau"] = "iau", ["iam"] = "iam", ["iang"] = "iaŋ", ["iap"] = "iap̚", ["iak"] = "iak̚", ["u"] = "u", ["ui"] = "ui", ["un"] = "un", ["ut"] = "ut̚", ["e"] = "ə", ["ei"] = "ei", ["eu"] = "eu", ["em"] = "em", ["en"] = "en", ["uung"] = "ɵŋ", ["ep"] = "ep̚", ["et"] = "et̚", ["uuk"] = "ɵk̚", ["uut"] = "ɵt̚", ["o"] = "ᵘɔ", ["oi"] = "ᵘɔi", ["on"] = "ᵘɔn", ["ong"] = "ɔŋ", ["ot"] = "ᵘɔt̚", ["ok"] = "ɔk̚", ["m"] = "m̩" } local hsv_tone = { ["1"]="³³", ["2"]="⁵⁵", ["3"]="²²", ["4"]="²¹", ["5"]="³²" } function export.hoisanva_to_ipa(text) if text:match("2%*") or text:match("([1-5])%-%1") then error("Invalid Taishanese tone.") end text = text:gsub("[^ ,]+",function(syllable) local initial, final, tone, tone_ch = syllable:match("^([^aeiou]*)([^1-5]*)([1-5])([%*%-]?[1-5]?%*?)$") if final == "" then initial, final = "", initial end initial, final, tone = hsv_initial[initial], hsv_final[final], hsv_tone[tone] if not initial or not final then error("Invalid Taishanese syllable: " .. syllable) end local tone2 = false if tone_ch == "*" then tone2 = tone .. "⁵" elseif tone_ch:match("^%-[1-5]%*?$") then tone2 = hsv_tone[tone_ch:sub(2,2)] .. (tone_ch:sub(3,3) == "*" and "⁵" or "") elseif tone_ch ~= "" then error("Invalid Taishanese syllable: " .. syllable) end return initial..final..tone..(tone2 and ("⁻"..tone2) or "") end) :gsub(",","/, /") return "/" .. text .. "/" end return export qj5c5osqed2l8z9wsy9421zyql18rz6 828 3786369 7240883 2026-07-06T10:44:57Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local m_string_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local codepoint = m_string_utils.codepoint local gsub = m_string_utils.gsub local len = m_string_utils.len local match = m_string_utils.match local safe_require = require("Module:Wt/mnc/load").safe_require local u = m_string_utils.char local m_ltc_predict = require("Module:Wt/mnc/ltc-pron/predict") local m_cmn_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron") local m_baxter = require("Module:Wt/m..." 7240883 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_string_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local codepoint = m_string_utils.codepoint local gsub = m_string_utils.gsub local len = m_string_utils.len local match = m_string_utils.match local safe_require = require("Module:Wt/mnc/load").safe_require local u = m_string_utils.char local m_ltc_predict = require("Module:Wt/mnc/ltc-pron/predict") local m_cmn_pron = require("Module:Wt/mnc/cmn-pron") local m_baxter = require("Module:Wt/mnc/ltc-pron/baxter") local data = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/ltc-pron/data") function export.infer_categories(text) local t = mw.text.split(text, "", true) local initial, final, deng, openness, tone = t[1], t[2], t[3], t[4], t[6] if match(text, "-") then deng = mw.text.split(text, "-")[2] .. deng end if tone == "入" then final = data.fin_conv[final] or final end local initial_type = data.init_type[initial] local tone_label = data.tone_symbol[tone] local final_type if match(final, data.final_type_1) then final_type = data.fin_type_open[final..openness] elseif match(final, data.final_type_2) then final_type = data.final_deng[final..deng] elseif match(final, data.final_type_3) then final_type = data.fin_type_deng_open[final..deng..openness] elseif match(final, data.final_type_4) then if deng == "重鈕三" then final_type = data.final_openness[final..openness] else final_type = data.final_deng[final..deng] end elseif match(final, data.final_type_5) then final_type = data.fin_type[final] else return error("Final not recognised.") end return initial_type, final_type, tone_label end local function zh_fmt(text) return '<span class="Hani" lang="zh">' .. text .. '</span>' end local function ltc_table(titlechar, text, indiv_num, count) local people = { "Zhengzhang", "Pan", "Shao", "Pulleyblank", "Li", "Wang", "Karlgren" } local pronunciation = {} local t = mw.text.split(text, "", true) local initial, final, deng, openness, she, tone, fanqieA, fanqieB = t[1], t[2], t[3], t[4], t[5], t[6], t[7], t[8] if tone == "入" then final = data.fin_conv[final] or final end local initial_type, final_type, tone_label = export.infer_categories(text) for ind, person in ipairs(people) do table.insert(pronunciation, '<span class="IPAchar" lang="zh">/' .. data.initialConv[person][initial_type] .. data.finalConv[person][final_type] .. "^{" .. tone_label .. "}" .. "/</span>") end local baxter = '<span lang="zh">' .. m_baxter.baxter(initial_type, final_type, tone_label) .. "</span>" return { nil, '<b>'..zh_fmt(titlechar)..'</b>', indiv_num .. "/" .. count, zh_fmt("[[Appendix:Middle Chinese#Initials|"..initial.."]]") .. " (" .. initial_type .. ")", zh_fmt("[[Appendix:Middle Chinese#Finals|"..final.."]]") .. " (" .. final_type .. ")", data.tonality[tone], data.open_closed[openness], data.division[deng], fanqieB and zh_fmt(gsub(fanqieA .. fanqieB, "(.)", "[[%1]]") .. "切") or "", baxter, nil, pronunciation[1], pronunciation[2], pronunciation[3], pronunciation[4], pronunciation[5], pronunciation[6], pronunciation[7], m_cmn_pron.py_number_to_mark(m_ltc_predict.predict_cmn(initial_type, final_type, data.tone_number[tone])), m_ltc_predict.predict_yue(initial_type, final_type, data.tone_number[tone]), } end function export.ipa(index_text, preview) local titlechar = mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename local reading_index = mw.text.split(index_text, ",") local ltc_indiv_pronunciation = {} local output_text = {} local fields = { "Rime", "<small>Character</small>", "<small>Reading #</small>", "<small>Initial</small> (" .. zh_fmt("聲") .. ")", "<small>Final</small> (" .. zh_fmt("韻") .. ")", "<small>Tone</small> (" .. zh_fmt("調") .. ")", "<small>Openness</small> (" .. zh_fmt("開合") .. ")", "<small>Division</small> (" .. zh_fmt("等") .. ")", "<small>[[w:Fanqie|Fanqie]]</small>", "<small>[[w:Baxter%27s_transcription_for_Middle_Chinese|Baxter]]</small>", "Reconstructions", "<small>[[w:Zhengzhang Shangfang|Zhengzhang<br>Shangfang]]</small>", "<small>[[w:Pan Wuyun|Pan<br>Wuyun]]</small>", "<small>[[w:zh:邵荣芬|Shao<br>Rongfen]]</small>", "<small>[[w:Edwin G. Pulleyblank|Edwin<br>Pulleyblank]]</small>", "<small>[[w:Li Rong (linguist)|Li<br>Rong]]</small>", "<small>[[w:Wang Li (linguist)|Wang<br>Li]]</small>", "<small>[[w:Bernhard Karlgren|Bernhard<br>Karlgren]]</small>", "<small>Expected<br>Mandarin<br>Reflex</small>", "<small>Expected<br>Cantonese<br>Reflex</small>", } for i, cp in ipairs { codepoint(titlechar, 1, -1) } do local ch = u(cp) local data_module = safe_require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/ltc-pron/" .. ch) if data_module then local reading_number = reading_index[i] or "y" local count = 0 for index, value in ipairs(data_module) do count = count + 1 end if reading_number == "y" then for ltc_reading_no, position in ipairs(data_module) do table.insert(ltc_indiv_pronunciation, ltc_table(ch, position, ltc_reading_no, count)) end elseif reading_number == "n" then break else for indiv_number in mw.text.gsplit(reading_number, '%+') do table.insert(ltc_indiv_pronunciation, ltc_table(ch, data_module[tonumber(indiv_number)], indiv_number, count)) end end end end if ltc_indiv_pronunciation[1] then local hash, results, value_eff = {}, {} for _, value in ipairs(ltc_indiv_pronunciation) do table.remove(value, 11) table.remove(value, 1) value_eff = table.concat(value) if (not hash[value_eff]) then hash[value_eff] = true table.insert(value, 1, nil) table.insert(value, 11, nil) results[#results + 1] = value end end local rand = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities").gsub("mc-" .. value_eff, "[^A-Za-z0-9]", codepoint('%1')) local fmt = { fold = '\n* <div title="expand" class="mw-customtoggle-mc' .. rand .. '"> ' .. '[[w:Middle Chinese|Middle Chinese]]: <span class="zhpron-monospace">' .. preview .. '</span><span style="float:right; border:1px solid var(--wikt-palette-lightgrey,#ccc); border-radius:1px;' .. ' padding:0 0; font-size:90%">▼</span></div>\n', header = '{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" id="mw-customcollapsible-mc' .. rand .. '" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden; display: table;"', lv1 = '\n|-\n! style="background-color:' .. data.colour_1 .. '" colspan=' .. #results+1 .. '|', lv2 = '\n|-\n! style="background-color:' .. data.colour_2 .. '; width:8em"|', lv3 = '\n| style="background-color:' .. data.colour_3 .. '"|', closing = '\n|}' } for field_index, field in ipairs(fields) do if match(field, "small") then local field_set = {} for _, result in ipairs(results) do table.insert(field_set, result[field_index]) end table.insert(output_text, fmt.lv2 .. field .. fmt.lv3 .. table.concat(field_set, fmt.lv3)) else table.insert(output_text, fmt.lv1 .. field) end end return fmt.fold .. fmt.header .. table.concat(output_text) .. fmt.closing else return "" end end function export.retrieve_pron(text, reconstruction, index, no_intro) if type(text) == "table" then text = text.args[1] end local underline_format = "<span style=\"font-style: normal\">[[w:Middle Chinese|MC]]</span> " local separator = len(text) == 1 and (no_intro and ", ") or '<span style="padding-left:2px; padding-right:2px">|</span>' -- remove link brackets from text, at least -- as [[美姫#Etymology]] text = text:gsub("[%[%]]", "") if reconstruction then return underline_format .. reconstruction else local index_set, retrieve_result = {}, {} if index and index ~= "y" then index_set = mw.text.split(index, ",") end for char_index, cp in ipairs { codepoint(text, 1, -1) } do local char_pronunciation = {} local ch = u(cp) local data_module = safe_require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/data/ltc-pron/" .. ch) if data_module then local reading_no = index_set[char_index] or "y" if reading_no == "n" then table.insert(char_pronunciation, "?") elseif reading_no == "y" then local initial, final, tone for _, reading in ipairs(data_module) do initial, final, tone = export.infer_categories(reading) table.insert(char_pronunciation, m_baxter.baxter(initial, final, tone)) end else for number in mw.text.gsplit(reading_no, "+") do initial, final, tone = export.infer_categories(data_module[tonumber(number)]) table.insert(char_pronunciation, m_baxter.baxter(initial, final, tone)) end end table.insert(retrieve_result, table.concat(char_pronunciation, separator)) end end return retrieve_result[1] and (no_intro and "" or underline_format) .. table.concat(retrieve_result, " ") or nil end end function export.link(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local text, meaning, lit = args[1], args[2] or args['gloss'] or nil, args['lit'] or nil return require("Module:Wt/mnc/zh/link").link(frame, nil, { "*" .. text, tr = export.retrieve_pron(text, args["tr"] or false, args["id"] or false, false), gloss = meaning, lit = lit }, mw.loadData("Module:Wt/mnc/headword/data").pagename) end return export hjk7pypkg0ztpmb3aztezuundde82az 828 3786370 7240885 2026-07-06T10:45:22Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local fully_voiced_initial = { [3] = true, [7] = true, [11] = true, [15] = true, [17] = true, [20] = true, [22] = true, [25] = true, [27] = true, [30] = true, [33] = true, } local partially_voiced_initial = { [4] = true, [8] = true, [12] = true, [31] = true, [35] = true, [36] = true, [37] = true, [38] = true, } local fricativisation_inducing = { [2] = true, [4] = true, [7] = true, [8] = true, [21] = true, [24] = true, [28] =..." 7240885 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local fully_voiced_initial = { [3] = true, [7] = true, [11] = true, [15] = true, [17] = true, [20] = true, [22] = true, [25] = true, [27] = true, [30] = true, [33] = true, } local partially_voiced_initial = { [4] = true, [8] = true, [12] = true, [31] = true, [35] = true, [36] = true, [37] = true, [38] = true, } local fricativisation_inducing = { [2] = true, [4] = true, [7] = true, [8] = true, [21] = true, [24] = true, [28] = true, [59] = true, [60] = true, [66] = true, [68] = true, [106] = true, [108] = true, [136] = true, [146] = true, [148] = true, } local m_lenition_inducing = { [21] = true, [24] = true, [59] = true, [60] = true, [66] = true, [68] = true, [106] = true, [146] = true, } local devoicing_outcomes = { ["b"] = "p", ["d"] = "t", ["z"] = "c", ["g"] = "k", ["zh"] = "ch", ["sh"] = "ch", } local function has(str, index, ...) if index ~= 0 then str = mw.ustring.sub(str, index, index) end for i, v in ipairs{...} do if str == v then return true end end return false end local initial_outcomes_cmn = { [1] = "b", [2] = "p", [3] = "b", [4] = "m", [5] = "d", [6] = "t", [7] = "d", [8] = "n", [9] = "zh", [10] = "ch", [11] = "zh", [12] = "n", [13] = "z", [14] = "c", [15] = "z", [16] = "s", [17] = "s", [18] = "zh", [19] = "ch", [20] = "zh", [21] = "sh", [22] = "sh", [23] = "zh", [24] = "ch", [25] = "sh", [26] = "sh", [27] = "sh", [28] = "g", [29] = "k", [30] = "g", [32] = "h", [33] = "h", [31] = "", [34] = "", [35] = "", [36] = "", [37] = "l", [38] = "r", } local devoicing_initial_cmn = { [3] = true, [7] = true, [11] = true, [15] = true, [20] = true, [25] = true, [30] = true, } local palatalisation_outcomes_cmn = { ["g"] = "j", ["k"] = "q", ["h"] = "x", ["z"] = "j", ["c"] = "q", ["s"] = "x", } local final_simplification_outcomes_cmn = { ["iou"] = "iu", ["uei"] = "ui", ["uen"] = "un", ["ueng"] = "ong", } local rhyme_outcomes_cmn = { [1] = "ueng", [2] = { "ueng", 3, "iong" }, [3] = "u", [4] = { "u", 3, "ü" }, [5] = "ueng", [6] = "u", [7] = { "ueng", 3, "iong" }, [8] = { "u", 3, "ü" }, [9] = { "uang", 3, "iang" }, [10] = { "uo", 3, "üe" }, [11] = { "er", 3, "i" }, [12] = { "uei", 2, "uai" }, [13] = { "er", 3, "i" }, [14] = { "uei", 2, "uai" }, [15] = { "er", 3, "i" }, [16] = { "uei", 2, "uai" }, [17] = { "er", 3, "i" }, [18] = { "uei", 2, "uai" }, [19] = { "er", 3, "i" }, [20] = { "er", 3, "i" }, [21] = { "uei", 2, "uai" }, [22] = "ü", [23] = "u", [24] = "ü", [25] = "ai", [26] = "uei", [27] = "i", [28] = "uei", [29] = { "ai", 3, "ie" }, [30] = "uai", [31] = { "ai", 3, "ia" }, [32] = { "uai", 3, "ua" }, [33] = { "ai", 3, "ie" }, [34] = "uai", [35] = "i", [36] = { "uei", 2, "uai" }, [37] = "i", [38] = { "uei", 2, "uai" }, [39] = "i", [40] = "uei", [41] = "ai", [42] = "uei", [43] = "in", [44] = "in", [45] = "ün", [46] = "en", [47] = "ün", [48] = "i", [49] = "i", [50] = { "ü", 2, "uai" }, [51] = "e", [52] = { "ü", 2, "uai" }, [53] = { "uen", 3, "en" }, [54] = "e", [55] = "uen", [56] = { "u", 1, "o" }, [57] = "in", [58] = "i", [59] = { "uen", 3, "ün" }, [60] = "ü", [61] = "an", [62] = "uan", [63] = { "a", 3, "e" }, [64] = "uo", [65] = "ian", [66] = "üan", [67] = "ie", [68] = { "a", 3, "üe" }, [69] = { "an", 3, "ian" }, [70] = "uan", [71] = { "a", 3, "ia" }, [72] = "ua", [73] = { "an", 3, "ian" }, [74] = "uan", [75] = { "a", 3, "ia" }, [76] = "ua", [77] = "ian", [78] = "üan", [79] = "ian", [80] = "üan", [81] = "ie", [82] = "üe", [83] = "ie", [84] = "üe", [85] = "ian", [86] = "üan", [87] = "ie", [88] = "üe", [89] = "ao", [90] = { "ao", 3, "iao" }, [91] = "iao", [92] = "iao", [93] = "iao", [94] = { "uo", 3, "e" }, [95] = "uo", [96] = "ie", [97] = "üe", [98] = { "a", 3, "ia" }, [99] = "ua", [100] = "ie", [101] = "ang", [102] = "uang", [103] = { "uo", 3, "e" }, [104] = "uo", [105] = { "iang", 2, "uang" }, [106] = "uang", [107] = { "üe", 1, "o" }, [108] = { "üe", 1, "o" }, [109] = "eng", [110] = "ueng", [111] = "ing", [112] = "iong", [113] = "e", [114] = "uo", [115] = "i", [116] = "ü", [117] = "eng", [118] = "ueng", [119] = "e", [120] = "uo", [121] = "ing", [122] = "iong", [123] = "i", [124] = "ü", [125] = "ing", [126] = "iong", [127] = "i", [128] = "ü", [129] = "eng", [130] = "ueng", [131] = "e", [132] = "uo", [133] = "ing", [134] = { "i", 2, "e" }, [135] = "ü", [136] = { "iou", 1, "ou" }, [137] = "ou", [138] = { "iou", 1, "iao" }, [139] = "in", [140] = "in", [141] = { "i", 2, "e" }, [142] = { "i", 2, "e" }, [143] = "an", [144] = { "a", 3, "e" }, [145] = { "an", 3, "ian" }, [146] = "uan", [147] = "ie", [148] = { "a", 3, "ia" }, [149] = { "an", 3, "ian" }, [150] = { "a", 3, "ia" }, [151] = { "an", 3, "ian" }, [152] = { "a", 3, "ia" }, [153] = "ian", [154] = "ian", [155] = "ie", [156] = "ie", [157] = "ian", [158] = "ie", [159] = "an", [160] = { "a", 3, "e" }, } local labial_openness_normalisation_cmn = { [12] = 11, [14] = 13, [16] = 15, [18] = 17, [21] = 20, [25] = 26, [28] = 27, [36] = 35, [38] = 37, [40] = 39, [63] = 64, [67] = 68, [105] = 106, [112] = 111, [113] = 114, [119] = 120, [122] = 121, [126] = 125, [131] = 132, } function export.predict_cmn(initial, final, tone) local initial_result = initial_outcomes_cmn[initial] if fricativisation_inducing[final] and initial <= 3 then initial_result = "f" elseif m_lenition_inducing[final] and initial == 4 then initial_result = "w" elseif tone == 1 and devoicing_initial_cmn[initial] then initial_result = devoicing_outcomes[initial_result] end if initial <= 4 then final = labial_openness_normalisation_cmn[final] or final end local final_result = rhyme_outcomes_cmn[final] if type(final_result) == "table" then if final_result[2] == 1 and initial <= 4 or final_result[2] == 2 and initial >= 18 and initial <= 22 or final_result[2] == 3 and initial >= 28 and initial <= 36 then final_result = final_result[3] else final_result = final_result[1] end end if has(final_result, 1, "i", "ü") then initial_result = palatalisation_outcomes_cmn[initial_result] or initial_result end if final_result == "er" then if initial_result == "r" then initial_result = "" else final_result = "i" end end if has(initial_result, 0, "zh", "ch", "sh", "r") then final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^in", "en") final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^i(.)", "%1") final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^üe$", "uo") end if initial <= 4 then final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^u(.)", "%1") if has(initial_result, 0, "f", "w") then final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^[iü](.)", "%1") final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^i$", "ei") else final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^ü", "i") end end if has(initial_result, 0, "n", "l") and has(final_result, 0, "ua", "uai", "uang", "uei") then final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^u", "") end if has(final_result, 1, "ü") and not (has(initial_result, 0, "n", "l") and has(final_result, 0, "ü", "üe")) then if initial_result == "" then initial_result = "y" end final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^ü", "u") end if initial_result == "" then if has(final_result, 1, "i") then initial_result = "y" end if has(final_result, 1, "u") then initial_result = "w" end if initial_result ~= "" then final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^.([^n])", "%1") end end final_result = final_simplification_outcomes_cmn[final_result] or final_result local tone_result if tone == 1 then if fully_voiced_initial[initial] or partially_voiced_initial[initial] then tone_result = 2 else tone_result = 1 end elseif tone == 2 then if fully_voiced_initial[initial] then tone_result = 4 else tone_result = 3 end elseif tone == 3 then tone_result = 4 else if fully_voiced_initial[initial] then tone_result = 2 elseif partially_voiced_initial[initial] then tone_result = 4 else tone_result = "" end end return initial_result .. final_result .. tone_result end local initial_outcomes_yue = { [1] = "b", [2] = "p", [3] = "b", [4] = "m", [5] = "d", [6] = "t", [7] = "d", [8] = "n", [9] = "z", [10] = "c", [11] = "z", [12] = "n", [13] = "z", [14] = "c", [15] = "z", [16] = "s", [17] = "z", [18] = "z", [19] = "c", [20] = "z", [21] = "s", [22] = "z", [23] = "z", [24] = "c", [25] = "s", [26] = "s", [27] = "s", [28] = "g", [29] = "k", [30] = "g", [31] = "ng", [32] = "h", [33] = "h", [34] = "", [35] = "", [36] = "", [37] = "l", [38] = "j", } local devoicing_initial_yue = { [3] = true, [7] = true, [11] = true, [15] = true, [17] = true, [20] = true, [22] = true, [30] = true, } local initial_class_yue = { [1] = 1, [2] = 1, [3] = 1, [4] = 1, [5] = 2, [6] = 2, [7] = 2, [8] = 2, [9] = 3, [10] = 3, [11] = 3, [12] = 2, [13] = 4, [14] = 4, [15] = 4, [16] = 4, [17] = 4, [18] = 5, [19] = 5, [20] = 5, [21] = 5, [22] = 5, [23] = 6, [24] = 6, [25] = 6, [26] = 6, [27] = 6, [28] = 7, [29] = 7, [30] = 7, [31] = 8, [32] = 7, [33] = 7, [34] = 8, [35] = 8, [36] = 8, [37] = 2, [38] = 6, } local final_class_yue = { [1] = 20, [2] = 20, [3] = 20, [4] = 20, [5] = 20, [6] = 20, [7] = 20, [8] = 20, [9] = 34, [10] = 34, [11] = 35, [12] = 21, [13] = 35, [14] = 21, [15] = 35, [16] = 21, [17] = 35, [18] = 21, [19] = 35, [20] = 35, [21] = 21, [22] = 36, [23] = 24, [24] = 36, [25] = 39, [26] = 28, [27] = 6, [28] = 6, [29] = 2, [30] = 33, [31] = 2, [32] = 33, [33] = 2, [34] = 33, [35] = 6, [36] = 21, [37] = 6, [38] = 21, [39] = 6, [40] = 6, [41] = 17, [42] = 25, [43] = 8, [44] = 8, [45] = 22, [46] = 8, [47] = 22, [48] = 8, [49] = 8, [50] = 22, [51] = 8, [52] = 22, [53] = 8, [54] = 8, [55] = 38, [56] = 38, [57] = 8, [58] = 8, [59] = 8, [60] = 8, [61] = 31, [62] = 32, [63] = 31, [64] = 32, [65] = 26, [66] = 27, [67] = 26, [68] = 27, [69] = 4, [70] = 4, [71] = 4, [72] = 4, [73] = 4, [74] = 4, [75] = 4, [76] = 4, [77] = 13, [78] = 30, [79] = 13, [80] = 30, [81] = 13, [82] = 30, [83] = 13, [84] = 30, [85] = 13, [86] = 30, [87] = 13, [88] = 30, [89] = 19, [90] = 5, [91] = 15, [92] = 15, [93] = 15, [94] = 16, [95] = 16, [96] = 11, [97] = 29, [98] = 1, [99] = 1, [100] = 11, [101] = 18, [102] = 18, [103] = 18, [104] = 18, [105] = 37, [106] = 18, [107] = 37, [108] = 18, [109] = 9, [110] = 9, [111] = 40, [112] = 40, [113] = 9, [114] = 9, [115] = 14, [116] = 14, [117] = 9, [118] = 9, [119] = 9, [120] = 9, [121] = 14, [122] = 14, [123] = 14, [124] = 14, [125] = 14, [126] = 14, [127] = 14, [128] = 14, [129] = 9, [130] = 9, [131] = 9, [132] = 9, [133] = 14, [134] = 14, [135] = 14, [136] = 10, [137] = 10, [138] = 10, [139] = 7, [140] = 7, [141] = 7, [142] = 7, [143] = 23, [144] = 23, [145] = 12, [146] = 3, [147] = 12, [148] = 3, [149] = 3, [150] = 3, [151] = 3, [152] = 3, [153] = 12, [154] = 12, [155] = 12, [156] = 12, [157] = 12, [158] = 12, [159] = 23, [160] = 23, } local rhyme_outcomes_yue = { [1] = "A", [2] = "Ai", [3] = "Am", [4] = "An", [5] = "Au", [6] = "ai", [7] = "am", [8] = "an", [9] = "aN", [10] = "au", [11] = "e", [12] = "im", [13] = "in", [14] = "IN", [15] = "iu", [16] = "o", [17] = "oi", [18] = "oN", [19] = "ou", [20] = "UN", [21] = { "ei", "Ei", "ai" }, [22] = { "En", "En", "an" }, [23] = { "Am", "Am", "om" }, [24] = { "ou", "ou", "u" }, [25] = { "ui", "Ei", "ui" }, [26] = { "An", "in", "in" }, [27] = { "An", "Yn", "Yn" }, [28] = { "ai", "Ei", "ui" }, [29] = { "e", "O", "O" }, [30] = { "in", "Yn", "Yn" }, [31] = { "un", "An", "on" }, [32] = { "un", "Yn", "un" }, [33] = { "Ai", "Ei", "Ai" }, [34] = { "oN", "oN", "oN" }, [35] = { "ei", "ei", "i", "i", "i", "i", "ei", "i" }, [36] = { "u", "Ei", "Y", "Ei", "o", "Y", "Ei", "Y" }, [37] = { "oN", "ON", "ON", "ON", "oN", "ON", "ON", "ON" }, [38] = { "un", "En", "En", "Yn", "Yn", "Yn", "an", "an" }, [39] = { "ui", "Ai", "Ai", "oi", "Ai", "Ai", "oi", "oi" }, [40] = { "IN", "IN", "IN", "IN", "aN", "IN", "IN", "IN" }, } local palatalisation_inducing_yue = { [2] = true, [4] = true, [7] = true, [8] = true, [11] = true, [12] = true, [13] = true, [14] = true, [15] = true, [16] = true, [17] = true, [18] = true, [19] = true, [20] = true, [21] = true, [22] = true, [24] = true, [27] = true, [28] = true, [35] = true, [36] = true, [37] = true, [38] = true, [39] = true, [40] = true, [43] = true, [44] = true, [45] = true, [46] = true, [47] = true, [48] = true, [49] = true, [50] = true, [51] = true, [52] = true, [57] = true, [58] = true, [59] = true, [60] = true, [65] = true, [66] = true, [67] = true, [68] = true, [77] = true, [78] = true, [79] = true, [80] = true, [81] = true, [82] = true, [83] = true, [84] = true, [85] = true, [86] = true, [87] = true, [88] = true, [91] = true, [92] = true, [93] = true, [96] = true, [97] = true, [100] = true, [105] = true, [106] = true, [107] = true, [108] = true, [111] = true, [112] = true, [115] = true, [116] = true, [121] = true, [122] = true, [123] = true, [124] = true, [125] = true, [126] = true, [127] = true, [128] = true, [133] = true, [134] = true, [135] = true, [136] = true, [138] = true, [139] = true, [140] = true, [141] = true, [142] = true, [145] = true, [146] = true, [147] = true, [148] = true, [153] = true, [154] = true, [155] = true, [156] = true, [157] = true, [158] = true, } local labialisation_inducing_yue = { [12] = true, [14] = true, [16] = true, [18] = true, [21] = true, [23] = true, [24] = true, [26] = true, [28] = true, [30] = true, [32] = true, [34] = true, [36] = true, [38] = true, [40] = true, [42] = true, [45] = true, [47] = true, [50] = true, [52] = true, [55] = true, [56] = true, [59] = true, [60] = true, [62] = true, [64] = true, [66] = true, [68] = true, [70] = true, [72] = true, [74] = true, [76] = true, [78] = true, [80] = true, [82] = true, [84] = true, [86] = true, [88] = true, [95] = true, [97] = true, [99] = true, [102] = true, [104] = true, [106] = true, [108] = true, [110] = true, [112] = true, [114] = true, [116] = true, [118] = true, [120] = true, [122] = true, [124] = true, [126] = true, [128] = true, [130] = true, [132] = true, [135] = true, [146] = true, [148] = true, } local glide_inducing_yue = { [40] = true, [85] = true, [86] = true, [87] = true, [88] = true, [93] = true, [125] = true, [126] = true, [127] = true, [128] = true, [157] = true, [158] = true, } local debuccalisation_inducing_yue = { [1] = true, [2] = true, [3] = true, [4] = true, [5] = true, [6] = true, [7] = true, [8] = true, [9] = true, [10] = true, [11] = true, [12] = true, [13] = true, [14] = true, [15] = true, [16] = true, [17] = true, [18] = true, [19] = true, [20] = true, [21] = true, [22] = true, [23] = true, [24] = true, [25] = true, [26] = true, [27] = true, [28] = true, [29] = true, [30] = true, [31] = true, [32] = true, [33] = true, [34] = true, [35] = true, [36] = true, [37] = true, [38] = true, [39] = true, [40] = true, [41] = true, [42] = true, [43] = true, [44] = true, [45] = true, [46] = true, [47] = true, [48] = true, [49] = true, [50] = true, [51] = true, [52] = true, [53] = true, [54] = true, [55] = true, [56] = true, [57] = true, [58] = true, [59] = true, [60] = true, [61] = true, [62] = true, [63] = true, [64] = true, [65] = true, [66] = true, [67] = true, [68] = true, [69] = true, [70] = true, [71] = true, [72] = true, [73] = true, [74] = true, [75] = true, [76] = true, [77] = true, [78] = true, [79] = true, [80] = true, [81] = true, [82] = true, [83] = true, [84] = true, [85] = true, [86] = true, [87] = true, [88] = true, [89] = true, [90] = true, [91] = true, [92] = true, [93] = true, [94] = true, [95] = true, [96] = true, [97] = true, [98] = true, [99] = true, [100] = true, [101] = true, [102] = true, [103] = true, [104] = true, [105] = true, [106] = true, [107] = true, [108] = true, [109] = true, [110] = true, [111] = true, [112] = true, [113] = true, [114] = true, [115] = true, [116] = true, [117] = true, [118] = true, [119] = true, [120] = true, [121] = true, [122] = true, [123] = true, [124] = true, [125] = true, [126] = true, [127] = true, [128] = true, [129] = true, [130] = true, [131] = true, [132] = true, [133] = true, [134] = true, [135] = true, [136] = true, [137] = true, [138] = true, [139] = true, [140] = true, [141] = true, [142] = true, [143] = true, [144] = true, [145] = true, [146] = true, [147] = true, [148] = true, [149] = true, [150] = true, [151] = true, [152] = true, [153] = true, [154] = true, [155] = true, [156] = true, [157] = true, [158] = true, [159] = true, [160] = true, } function export.predict_yue(initial, final, tone) local initial_result = initial_outcomes_yue[initial] if fricativisation_inducing[final] and initial <= 3 then initial_result = "f" elseif tone == 1 and devoicing_initial_yue[initial] then initial_result = devoicing_outcomes[initial_result] elseif initial == 17 and labialisation_inducing_yue[final] then initial_result = "s" end if initial == 29 and debuccalisation_inducing_yue[final] then initial_result = "h" elseif initial == 29 and (final == 136 or final >= 139 and final <= 142) or initial == 32 and (final == 136 or final == 57) or initial == 33 and (labialisation_inducing_yue[final] or glide_inducing_yue[final]) or initial_result == "" and palatalisation_inducing_yue[final] then initial_result = "j" end local final_result if (final == 36 or final == 38) and initial == 36 then final_result = "Ei" elseif (final == 26 or final == 42) and initial == 31 then final_result = "oi" elseif final == 23 and initial == 31 then final_result = "" elseif (final == 22 or final == 24) and initial == 4 then final_result = "ou" else local final_class = final_class_yue[final] final_result = rhyme_outcomes_yue[final_class] if final_class >= 35 then final_result = final_result[initial_class_yue[initial]] elseif final_class >= 21 then final_result = final_result[math.floor((initial_class_yue[initial] + 8) / 5)] end end if initial == 31 and mw.ustring.find(final_result, "^[iuIUOEY]") ~= nil then initial_result = "j" end if labialisation_inducing_yue[final] and mw.ustring.find(final_result, "^[OEY]") == nil then if initial_result == "h" and mw.ustring.find(final_result, "^[iI]") == nil then initial_result = "f" elseif initial_result == "j" or initial_result == "" then initial_result = "w" elseif initial_result == "g" and mw.ustring.find(final_result, "^[uU]") == nil then initial_result = "gw" elseif initial_result == "k" and mw.ustring.find(final_result, "^[iuIU]") == nil then initial_result = "kw" end end local tone_result if tone == 4 then if fully_voiced_initial[initial] or partially_voiced_initial[initial] then tone_result = 6 elseif mw.ustring.find(final_result, "^[AiouOY]") ~= nil then tone_result = 3 else tone_result = 1 end elseif tone == 2 and fully_voiced_initial[initial] then tone_result = 6 elseif fully_voiced_initial[initial] or partially_voiced_initial[initial] then tone_result = 3 + tone else tone_result = tone end final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "om", "am") if initial <= 4 then final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "m$", "n") end if tone == 4 then final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "m$", "p") final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "n$", "t") final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "N$", "k") end final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "A", "aa") final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "I", "i") final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "U", "u") final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "O", "oe") final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "E", "eo") final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "Y", "yu") final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "N", "ng") return initial_result .. final_result .. "^{" .. tone_result .. "}" end return export gvitn5num7i2s1pkvbuhsi0s9gozn17 828 3786371 7240886 2026-07-06T10:45:37Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local export = {} local m_string_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local gsub = m_string_utils.gsub local match = m_string_utils.match local baxter_initial = { [1] = "p", [2] = "ph", [3] = "b", [4] = "m", [5] = "t", [6] = "th", [7] = "d", [8] = "n", [9] = "tr", [10] = "trh", [11] = "dr", [12] = "nr", [13] = "ts", [14] = "tsh", [15] = "dz", [16] = "s", [17] = "z", [18] = "tsr", [19] = "tsrh", [20] = "dzr", [21] = "sr", [22] = "zr", [23] = "tsy", [24..." 7240886 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_string_utils = require("Module:Wt/mnc/string utilities") local gsub = m_string_utils.gsub local match = m_string_utils.match local baxter_initial = { [1] = "p", [2] = "ph", [3] = "b", [4] = "m", [5] = "t", [6] = "th", [7] = "d", [8] = "n", [9] = "tr", [10] = "trh", [11] = "dr", [12] = "nr", [13] = "ts", [14] = "tsh", [15] = "dz", [16] = "s", [17] = "z", [18] = "tsr", [19] = "tsrh", [20] = "dzr", [21] = "sr", [22] = "zr", [23] = "tsy", [24] = "tsyh", [25] = "dzy", [26] = "sy", [27] = "zy", [28] = "k", [29] = "kh", [30] = "g", [31] = "ng", [32] = "x", [33] = "h", [34] = "ʔ", [35] = "h", [36] = "y", [37] = "l", [38] = "ny" } local baxter_final = { [1] = "uwng", [2] = "juwng", [3] = "uwk", [4] = "juwk", [5] = "owng", [6] = "owk", [7] = "jowng", [8] = "jowk", [9] = "æwng", [10] = "æwk", [11] = "jie", [12] = "jwie", [13] = "je", [14] = "jwe", [15] = "jij", [16] = "jwij", [17] = "ij", [18] = "wij", [19] = "i", [20] = "jɨj", [21] = "jwɨj", [22] = "jo", [23] = "u", [24] = "ju", [25] = "aj", [26] = "waj", [27] = "joj", [28] = "jwoj", [29] = "æj", [30] = "wæj", [31] = "ɛɨ", [32] = "wɛɨ", [33] = "ɛj", [34] = "wɛj", [35] = "jiej", [36] = "jwiej", [37] = "jej", [38] = "jwej", [39] = "ej", [40] = "wej", [41] = "oj", [42] = "woj", [43] = "jin", [44] = "in", [45] = "win", [46] = "in", [47] = "jwin", [48] = "jit", [49] = "it", [50] = "wit", [51] = "it", [52] = "jwit", [53] = "on", [54] = "ot", [55] = "won", [56] = "wot", [57] = "jɨn", [58] = "jɨt", [59] = "jun", [60] = "jut", [61] = "an", [62] = "wan", [63] = "at", [64] = "wat", [65] = "jon", [66] = "jwon", [67] = "jot", [68] = "jwot", [69] = "æn", [70] = "wæn", [71] = "æt", [72] = "wæt", [73] = "ɛn", [74] = "wɛn", [75] = "ɛt", [76] = "wɛt", [77] = "jien", [78] = "jwien", [79] = "jen", [80] = "jwen", [81] = "jiet", [82] = "jwiet", [83] = "jet", [84] = "jwet", [85] = "en", [86] = "wen", [87] = "et", [88] = "wet", [89] = "aw", [90] = "æw", [91] = "jiew", [92] = "jew", [93] = "ew", [94] = "a", [95] = "wa", [96] = "ja", [97] = "jwa", [98] = "æ", [99] = "wæ", [100] = "jæ", [101] = "ang", [102] = "wang", [103] = "ak", [104] = "wak", [105] = "jang", [106] = "jwang", [107] = "jak", [108] = "jwak", [109] = "æng", [110] = "wæng", [111] = "jæng", [112] = "jwæng", [113] = "æk", [114] = "wæk", [115] = "jæk", [116] = "jwæk", [117] = "ɛng", [118] = "wɛng", [119] = "ɛk", [120] = "wɛk", [121] = "jieng", [122] = "jwieng", [123] = "jiek", [124] = "jwiek", [125] = "eng", [126] = "weng", [127] = "ek", [128] = "wek", [129] = "ong", [130] = "wong", [131] = "ok", [132] = "wok", [133] = "ing", [134] = "ik", [135] = "wik", [136] = "juw", [137] = "uw", [138] = "jiw", [139] = "jim", [140] = "im", [141] = "jip", [142] = "ip", [143] = "am", [144] = "ap", [145] = "jæm", [146] = "jom", [147] = "jæp", [148] = "jop", [149] = "æm", [150] = "æp", [151] = "ɛm", [152] = "ɛp", [153] = "jiem", [154] = "jem", [155] = "jiep", [156] = "jep", [157] = "em", [158] = "ep", [159] = "om", [160] = "op" } local reverse_drjowngX_nrjuwX = { [11] = "je", [12] = "jwe", [15] = "ij", [16] = "wij", [35] = "jej", [36] = "jwej", [43] = "in", [47] = "win", [48] = "it", [52] = "wit", [77] = "jen", [78] = "jwen", [81] = "jet", [82] = "jwet", [91] = "jew", [121] = "jeng", [122] = "jweng", [123] = "jek", [124] = "jwek", [138] = "iw", [139] = "im", [141] = "ip", [153] = "jem", [155] = "jep" } local function is_coronal(initial_type) return (initial_type >= 5 and initial_type <= 27) or (initial_type >= 36 and initial_type <= 38) end local function is_labial(initial_type) return (initial_type >= 1 and initial_type <= 4) end local function is_palatal(initial_type) return (initial_type >= 23 and initial_type <= 27) or (initial_type == 36) or (initial_type == 38) end function export.baxter_1992(initial_type, final_type, tone_label) local initial = baxter_initial[initial_type] local final = baxter_final[final_type] if is_coronal(initial_type) then final = reverse_drjowngX_nrjuwX[final_type] or final end if is_palatal(initial_type) then final = string.gsub(final, "^j", "") elseif is_labial(initial_type) then if (final_type ~= 42) and (final_type ~= 55) and (final_type ~= 56) then final = string.gsub(final, "^w", "") final = string.gsub(final, "^jw", "j") end end return initial .. final .. tone_label end local baxter_1992_to_2014_map = { {pattern = "ɛɨ", replace = "ɛ"}, {pattern = "ɛ", replace = "ea"}, {pattern = "æ", replace = "ae"}, {pattern = "ɨ", replace = "+"}, {pattern = "ʔ", replace = "'"}, } function export.baxter_2014(initial_type, final_type, tone_label) local output = export.baxter_1992(initial_type, final_type, tone_label) for _, item in ipairs(baxter_1992_to_2014_map) do output = output:gsub(item.pattern, item.replace) end return output end export.baxter = export.baxter_2014 export.baxter_initial = baxter_initial export.baxter_final = baxter_final return export 6hek3sv3fpzha7ot31fvj5ghv1gqe6g 828 3786372 7240888 2026-07-06T10:46:10Z 内存溢出的猫 2548851 Created page with "local data = {} data.init_type = { ["幫"] = 1, ["帮"] = 1, ["非"] = 1, ["滂"] = 2, ["敷"] = 2, ["並"] = 3, ["并"] = 3, ["奉"] = 3, ["明"] = 4, ["微"] = 4, ["端"] = 5, ["透"] = 6, ["定"] = 7, ["泥"] = 8, ["知"] = 9, ["徹"] = 10, ["澄"] = 11, ["孃"] = 12, ["娘"] = 12, ["精"] = 13, ["清"] = 14, ["從"] = 15, ["从"] = 15, ["心"] = 16, ["邪"] = 17, ["莊"] = 18, ["庄"] = 18, ["初"] = 19, ["崇"] = 20, ["生"] = 21, ["俟"] = 22, ["章"] = 23,..." 7240888 Scribunto text/plain local data = {} data.init_type = { ["幫"] = 1, ["帮"] = 1, ["非"] = 1, ["滂"] = 2, ["敷"] = 2, ["並"] = 3, ["并"] = 3, ["奉"] = 3, ["明"] = 4, ["微"] = 4, ["端"] = 5, ["透"] = 6, ["定"] = 7, ["泥"] = 8, ["知"] = 9, ["徹"] = 10, ["澄"] = 11, ["孃"] = 12, ["娘"] = 12, ["精"] = 13, ["清"] = 14, ["從"] = 15, ["从"] = 15, ["心"] = 16, ["邪"] = 17, ["莊"] = 18, ["庄"] = 18, ["初"] = 19, ["崇"] = 20, ["生"] = 21, ["俟"] = 22, ["章"] = 23, ["昌"] = 24, ["常"] = 25, ["禪"] = 25, ["禅"] = 25, ["書"] = 26, ["书"] = 26, ["船"] = 27, ["見"] = 28, ["见"] = 28, ["溪"] = 29, ["谿"] = 29, ["羣"] = 30, ["群"] = 30, ["疑"] = 31, ["曉"] = 32, ["晓"] = 32, ["匣"] = 33, ["影"] = 34, ["于"] = 35, ["云"] = 35, ["雲"] = 35, ["以"] = 36, ["來"] = 37, ["来"] = 37, ["日"] = 38 } data.fin_conv = { ["冬"] = "沃", ["東"] = "屋", ["江"] = "覺", ["鍾"] = "燭", ["眞"] = "質", ["臻"] = "櫛", ["諄"] = "術", ["痕"] = "麧", ["魂"] = "沒", ["欣"] = "迄", ["文"] = "物", ["寒"] = "曷", ["桓"] = "末", ["元"] = "月", ["刪"] = "黠", ["山"] = "鎋", ["仙"] = "薛", ["先"] = "屑", ["唐"] = "鐸", ["陽"] = "藥", ["庚"] = "陌", ["耕"] = "麥", ["清"] = "昔", ["青"] = "錫", ["登"] = "德", ["蒸"] = "職", ["侵"] = "緝", ["談"] = "盍", ["嚴"] = "業", ["凡"] = "乏", ["銜"] = "狎", ["咸"] = "洽", ["鹽"] = "葉", ["添"] = "怗", ["覃"] = "合" } data.fin_type = { ["冬"] = 5, ["沃"] = 6, ["鍾"] = 7, ["燭"] = 8, ["江"] = 9, ["覺"] = 10, ["之"] = 19, ["魚"] = 22, ["模"] = 23, ["虞"] = 24, ["咍"] = 41, ["灰"] = 42, ["臻"] = 46, ["諄"] = 47, ["櫛"] = 51, ["術"] = 52, ["痕"] = 53, ["麧"] = 54, ["魂"] = 55, ["沒"] = 56, ["欣"] = 57, ["迄"] = 58, ["文"] = 59, ["物"] = 60, ["寒"] = 61, ["桓"] = 62, ["曷"] = 63, ["末"] = 64, ["豪"] = 89, ["肴"] = 90, ["蕭"] = 93, ["歌"] = 94, ["蒸"] = 133, ["尤"] = 136, ["侯"] = 137, ["幽"] = 138, ["談"] = 143, ["盍"] = 144, ["嚴"] = 145, ["凡"] = 146, ["業"] = 147, ["乏"] = 148, ["銜"] = 149, ["狎"] = 150, ["咸"] = 151, ["洽"] = 152, ["添"] = 157, ["怗"] = 158, ["帖"] = 158, ["覃"] = 159, ["合"] = 160 } data.fin_type_open = { ["微開"] = 20, ["微合"] = 21, ["泰開"] = 25, ["泰合"] = 26, ["廢開"] = 27, ["廢合"] = 28, ["夬開"] = 29, ["夬合"] = 30, ["佳開"] = 31, ["佳合"] = 32, ["皆開"] = 33, ["皆合"] = 34, ["齊開"] = 39, ["齊合"] = 40, ["元開"] = 65, ["元合"] = 66, ["月開"] = 67, ["月合"] = 68, ["刪開"] = 69, ["刪合"] = 70, ["黠開"] = 71, ["黠合"] = 72, ["山開"] = 73, ["山合"] = 74, ["鎋開"] = 75, ["鎋合"] = 76, ["先開"] = 85, ["先合"] = 86, ["屑開"] = 87, ["屑合"] = 88, ["唐開"] = 101, ["唐合"] = 102, ["鐸開"] = 103, ["鐸合"] = 104, ["陽開"] = 105, ["陽合"] = 106, ["藥開"] = 107, ["藥合"] = 108, ["耕開"] = 117, ["耕合"] = 118, ["麥開"] = 119, ["麥合"] = 120, ["清開"] = 121, ["清合"] = 122, ["昔開"] = 123, ["昔合"] = 124, ["青開"] = 125, ["青合"] = 126, ["錫開"] = 127, ["錫合"] = 128, ["登開"] = 129, ["登合"] = 130, ["德開"] = 131, ["德合"] = 132, ["職開"] = 134, ["職合"] = 135 } data.fin_type_deng_open = { ["支三開"] = 11, ["支三合"] = 12, ["支重鈕三開"] = 13, ["支重鈕三合"] = 14, ["脂三開"] = 15, ["脂三合"] = 16, ["脂重鈕四開"] = 15, ["脂重鈕四合"] = 16, ["脂重鈕三開"] = 17, ["脂重鈕三合"] = 18, ["祭三開"] = 35, ["祭三合"] = 36, ["祭重鈕四開"] = 35, ["祭重鈕四合"] = 36, ["祭重鈕三開"] = 37, ["祭重鈕三合"] = 38, ["戈一合"] = 95, ["戈三開"] = 96, ["戈三合"] = 97, ["仙三開"] = 77, ["仙三合"] = 78, ["仙重鈕三開"] = 79, ["仙重鈕三合"] = 80, ["薛三開"] = 81, ["薛三合"] = 82, ["薛重鈕三開"] = 83, ["薛重鈕三合"] = 84, ["麻二開"] = 98, ["麻二合"] = 99, ["麻三開"] = 100, ["陌二開"] = 113, ["陌二合"] = 114, ["陌三開"] = 115, ["陌三合"] = 116, ["庚二開"] = 109, ["庚二合"] = 110, ["庚三開"] = 111, ["庚三合"] = 112, ["庚重鈕三開"] = 111, ["庚重鈕三合"] = 112 } data.initialConv = { ["Zhengzhang"] = { [1] = "p", [2] = "pʰ", [3] = "b", [4] = "m", [5] = "t", [6] = "tʰ", [7] = "d", [8] = "n", [9] = "ʈ", [10] = "ʈʰ", [11] = "ɖ", [12] = "ɳ", [13] = "t͡s", [14] = "t͡sʰ", [15] = "d͡z", [16] = "s", [17] = "z", [18] = "t͡ʃ", [19] = "t͡ʃʰ", [20] = "d͡ʒ", [21] = "ʃ", [22] = "ʒ", [23] = "t͡ɕ", [24] = "t͡ɕʰ", [25] = "d͡ʑ", [26] = "ɕ", [27] = "ʑ", [28] = "k", [29] = "kʰ", [30] = "ɡ", [31] = "ŋ", [32] = "h", [33] = "ɦ", [34] = "ʔ", [35] = "ɦ", [36] = "j", [37] = "l", [38] = "ȵ" }, ["Karlgren"] = { [1] = "p", [2] = "pʰ", [3] = "bʱ", [4] = "m", [5] = "t", [6] = "tʰ", [7] = "dʱ", [8] = "n", [9] = "ȶ", [10] = "ȶʰ", [11] = "ȡʱ", [12] = "n", [13] = "t͡s", [14] = "t͡sʰ", [15] = "d͡zʱ", [16] = "s", [17] = "z", [18] = "ʈ͡ʂ", [19] = "ʈ͡ʂʰ", [20] = "ɖ͡ʐʱ", [21] = "ʂ", [22] = "ɖ͡ʐʰ", [23] = "t͡ɕ", [24] = "t͡ɕʰ", [25] = "ʑ", [26] = "ɕ", [27] = "d͡ʑʰ", [28] = "k", [29] = "kʰ", [30] = "g", [31] = "ŋ", [32] = "x", [33] = "ɣ", [34] = "ʔ", [35] = "", [36] = "", [37] = "l", [38] = "ȵʑ" }, ["Li"] = { [1] = "p", [2] = "pʰ", [3] = "b", [4] = "m", [5] = "t", [6] = "tʰ", [7] = "d", [8] = "n", [9] = "ȶ", [10] = "ȶʰ", [11] = "ȡ", [12] = "n", [13] = "t͡s", [14] = "t͡sʰ", [15] = "d͡z", [16] = "s", [17] = "z", [18] = "t͡ʃ", [19] = "t͡ʃʰ", [20] = "d͡ʒ", [21] = "ʃ", [22] = "ʒ", [23] = "t͡ɕ", [24] = "t͡ɕʰ", [25] = "ʑ", [26] = "ɕ", [27] = "d͡ʑ", [28] = "k", [29] = "kʰ", [30] = "ɡ", [31] = "ŋ", [32] = "x", [33] = "ɣ", [34] = "ʔ", [35] = "ɣ", [36] = "", [37] = "l", [38] = "ȵ" }, ["Pan"] = { [1] = "p", [2] = "pʰ", [3] = "b", [4] = "m", [5] = "t", [6] = "tʰ", [7] = "d", [8] = "n", [9] = "ʈ", [10] = "ʈʰ", [11] = "ɖ", [12] = "ɳ", [13] = "t͡s", [14] = "t͡sʰ", [15] = "d͡z", [16] = "s", [17] = "z", [18] = "ʈ͡ʂ", [19] = "ʈ͡ʂʰ", [20] = "ɖ͡ʐ", [21] = "ʃ", [22] = "ʐ", [23] = "t͡ɕ", [24] = "t͡ɕʰ", [25] = "d͡ʑ", [26] = "ɕ", [27] = "ʑ", [28] = "k", [29] = "kʰ", [30] = "ɡ", [31] = "ŋ", [32] = "h", [33] = "ɦ", [34] = "ʔ", [35] = "ɦ", [36] = "j", [37] = "l", [38] = "ȵ" }, ["Pulleyblank"] = { [1] = "p", [2] = "pʰ", [3] = "b", [4] = "m", [5] = "t", [6] = "tʰ", [7] = "d", [8] = "n", [9] = "ʈ", [10] = "ʈʰ", [11] = "ɖ", [12] = "ɳ", [13] = "t͡s", [14] = "t͡sʰ", [15] = "d͡z", [16] = "s", [17] = "z", [18] = "ʈ͡ʂ", [19] = "ʈ͡ʂʰ", [20] = "ɖ͡ʐ", [21] = "ʂ", [22] = "ʐ", [23] = "c", [24] = "cʰ", [25] = "d͡ʑ", [26] = "ɕ", [27] = "ʑ", [28] = "k", [29] = "kʰ", [30] = "g", [31] = "ŋ", [32] = "h", [33] = "ɦ", [34] = "ʔ", [35] = "ɦ", [36] = "j", [37] = "l", [38] = "ȵ" }, ["Wang"] = { [1] = "p", [2] = "pʰ", [3] = "b", [4] = "m", [5] = "t", [6] = "tʰ", [7] = "d", [8] = "n", [9] = "ȶ", [10] = "ȶʰ", [11] = "ȡ", [12] = "n", [13] = "t͡s", [14] = "t͡sʰ", [15] = "d͡z", [16] = "s", [17] = "z", [18] = "t͡ʃ", [19] = "t͡ʃʰ", [20] = "d͡ʒ", [21] = "ʃ", [22] = "ʒ", [23] = "t͡ɕ", [24] = "t͡ɕʰ", [25] = "ʑ", [26] = "ɕ", [27] = "d͡ʑ", [28] = "k", [29] = "kʰ", [30] = "ɡ", [31] = "ŋ", [32] = "x", [33] = "ɣ", [34] = "", [35] = "ɣ", [36] = "j", [37] = "l", [38] = "ȵʑ" }, ["Shao"] = { [1] = "p", [2] = "pʰ", [3] = "b", [4] = "m", [5] = "t", [6] = "tʰ", [7] = "d", [8] = "n", [9] = "ȶ", [10] = "ȶʰ", [11] = "ȡ", [12] = "n", [13] = "t͡s", [14] = "t͡sʰ", [15] = "d͡z", [16] = "s", [17] = "z", [18] = "t͡ʃ", [19] = "t͡ʃʰ", [20] = "d͡ʒ", [21] = "ʃ", [22] = "ʒ", [23] = "t͡ɕ", [24] = "t͡ɕʰ", [25] = "d͡ʑ", [26] = "ɕ", [27] = "ʑ", [28] = "k", [29] = "kʰ", [30] = "ɡ", [31] = "ŋ", [32] = "x", [33] = "ɣ", [34] = "ʔ", [35] = "ɣ", [36] = "", [37] = "l", [38] = "ȵʑ" }, } data.finalConv = { ["Zhengzhang"] = { [1] = "uŋ", [2] = "ɨuŋ", [3] = "uk̚", [4] = "ɨuk̚", [5] = "uoŋ", [6] = "uok̚", [7] = "ɨoŋ", [8] = "ɨok̚", [9] = "ˠʌŋ", [10] = "ˠʌk̚", [11] = "iᴇ", [12] = "iuᴇ", [13] = "ˠiᴇ", [14] = "ˠiuᴇ", [15] = "iɪ", [16] = "iuɪ", [17] = "ˠiɪ", [18] = "ˠiuɪ", [19] = "ɨ", [20] = "ɨi", [21] = "ʉi", [22] = "ɨʌ", [23] = "uo", [24] = "ɨo", [25] = "ɑi", [26] = "uɑi", [27] = "ɨɐi", [28] = "ʉɐi", [29] = "ˠai", [30] = "ˠuai", [31] = "ˠɛ", [32] = "ˠuɛ", [33] = "ˠɛi", [34] = "ˠuɛi", [35] = "iᴇi", [36] = "iuᴇi", [37] = "ˠiᴇi", [38] = "ˠiuᴇi", [39] = "ei", [40] = "wei", [41] = "ʌi", [42] = "uʌi", [43] = "iɪn", [44] = "ˠiɪn", [45] = "ˠiuɪn", [46] = "ɪn", [47] = "iuɪn", [48] = "iɪt̚", [49] = "ˠiɪt̚", [50] = "ˠiuɪt̚", [51] = "ɪt̚", [52] = "iuɪt̚", [53] = "ən", [54] = "ət̚", [55] = "uən", [56] = "uət̚", [57] = "ɨn", [58] = "ɨt̚", [59] = "ɨun", [60] = "ɨut̚", [61] = "ɑn", [62] = "uɑn", [63] = "ɑt̚", [64] = "uɑt̚", [65] = "ɨɐn", [66] = "ʉɐn", [67] = "ɨɐt̚", [68] = "ʉɐt̚", [69] = "ˠan", [70] = "ˠuan", [71] = "ˠat̚", [72] = "ˠuat̚", [73] = "ˠɛn", [74] = "ˠuɛn", [75] = "ˠɛt̚", [76] = "ˠuɛt̚", [77] = "iᴇn", [78] = "iuᴇn", [79] = "ˠiᴇn", [80] = "ˠiuᴇn", [81] = "iᴇt̚", [82] = "iuᴇt̚", [83] = "ˠiᴇt̚", [84] = "ˠiuᴇt̚", [85] = "en", [86] = "wen", [87] = "et̚", [88] = "wet̚", [89] = "ɑu", [90] = "ˠau", [91] = "iᴇu", [92] = "ˠiᴇu", [93] = "eu", [94] = "ɑ", [95] = "uɑ", [96] = "ɨɑ", [97] = "ɨuɑ", [98] = "ˠa", [99] = "ˠua", [100] = "ia", [101] = "ɑŋ", [102] = "wɑŋ", [103] = "ɑk̚", [104] = "wɑk̚", [105] = "ɨɐŋ", [106] = "ʉɐŋ", [107] = "ɨɐk̚", [108] = "ʉɐk̚", [109] = "ˠæŋ", [110] = "ˠwæŋ", [111] = "ˠiæŋ", [112] = "ˠwiæŋ", [113] = "ˠæk̚", [114] = "ˠwæk̚", [115] = "ˠiæk̚", [116] = "ˠwiæk̚", [117] = "ˠɛŋ", [118] = "ˠwɛŋ", [119] = "ˠɛk̚", [120] = "ˠwɛk̚", [121] = "iᴇŋ", [122] = "wiᴇŋ", [123] = "iᴇk̚", [124] = "wiᴇk̚", [125] = "eŋ", [126] = "weŋ", [127] = "ek̚", [128] = "wek̚", [129] = "əŋ", [130] = "wəŋ", [131] = "ək̚", [132] = "wək̚", [133] = "ɨŋ", [134] = "ɨk̚", [135] = "wɨk̚", [136] = "ɨu", [137] = "əu", [138] = "iɪu", [139] = "iɪm", [140] = "ˠiɪm", [141] = "iɪp̚", [142] = "ˠiɪp̚", [143] = "ɑm", [144] = "ɑp̚", [145] = "ɨɐm", [146] = "ɨɐm", [147] = "ɨɐp̚", [148] = "ɨɐp̚", [149] = "ˠam", [150] = "ˠap̚", [151] = "ˠɛm", [152] = "ˠɛp̚", [153] = "iᴇm", [154] = "ˠiᴇm", [155] = "iᴇp̚", [156] = "ˠiᴇp̚", [157] = "em", [158] = "ep̚", [159] = "ʌm", [160] = "ʌp̚" }, ["Karlgren"] = { [1] = "uŋ", [2] = "i̯uŋ", [3] = "uk̚", [4] = "i̯uk̚", [5] = "uoŋ", [6] = "uok̚", [7] = "i̯woŋ", [8] = "i̯wok̚", [9] = "ɔŋ", [10] = "ɔk̚", [11] = "ie̯", [12] = "wie̯", [13] = "ie̯", [14] = "wie̯", [15] = "i", [16] = "wi", [17] = "i", [18] = "wi", [19] = "i", [20] = "e̯i", [21] = "we̯i", [22] = "i̯wo", [23] = "uo", [24] = "i̯u", [25] = "ɑi", [26] = "uɑi", [27] = "i̯ɐi", [28] = "i̯wɐi", [29] = "ai", [30] = "wai", [31] = "ai", [32] = "wai", [33] = "ăi", [34] = "wăi", [35] = "i̯ɛi", [36] = "i̯wɛi", [37] = "i̯ɛi", [38] = "i̯wɛi", [39] = "iei", [40] = "iwei", [41] = "ɑ̆i", [42] = "uɑ̆i", [43] = "i̯ĕn", [44] = "i̯ĕn", [45] = "i̯ĕn", [46] = "i̯æn", [47] = "i̯uĕn", [48] = "i̯ĕt̚", [49] = "i̯ĕt̚", [50] = "i̯ĕt̚", [51] = "i̯æt̚", [52] = "i̯uĕt̚", [53] = "ən", [54] = "ət̚", [55] = "uən", [56] = "uət̚", [57] = "i̯ən", [58] = "i̯ət̚", [59] = "i̯uən", [60] = "i̯uət̚", [61] = "ɑn", [62] = "uɑn", [63] = "ɑt̚", [64] = "uɑt̚", [65] = "ɨ̯ɐn", [66] = "i̯wɐn", [67] = "ɨ̯ɐt̚", [68] = "i̯wɐt̚", [69] = "an", [70] = "wan", [71] = "ăt̚", [72] = "wăt̚", [73] = "ăn", [74] = "wăn", [75] = "at̚", [76] = "wat̚", [77] = "i̯ɛn", [78] = "i̯wɛn", [79] = "i̯ɛn", [80] = "i̯wɛn", [81] = "i̯ɛt̚", [82] = "i̯wɛt̚", [83] = "i̯ɛt̚", [84] = "i̯wɛt̚", [85] = "ien", [86] = "iwen", [87] = "iet̚", [88] = "iwet̚", [89] = "ɑu", [90] = "au", [91] = "i̯ɛu", [92] = "i̯ɛu", [93] = "ieu", [94] = "ɑ", [95] = "uɑ", [96] = "i̯ɑ", [97] = "i̯wɑ", [98] = "a", [99] = "wa", [100] = "i̯a", [101] = "ɑŋ", [102] = "wɑŋ", [103] = "ɑk̚", [104] = "wɑk̚", [105] = "i̯aŋ", [106] = "iwaŋ", [107] = "i̯ak̚", [108] = "iwak̚", [109] = "ɐŋ", [110] = "wɐŋ", [111] = "i̯ɐŋ", [112] = "i̯wɐŋ", [113] = "ɐk̚", [114] = "wɐk̚", [115] = "iɐk̚", [116] = "iwɐk̚", [117] = "æŋ", [118] = "wæŋ", [119] = "æk̚", [120] = "wæk̚", [121] = "i̯ɛŋ", [122] = "i̯wɛŋ", [123] = "i̯ɛk̚", [124] = "i̯wɛk̚", [125] = "ieŋ", [126] = "iweŋ", [127] = "iek̚", [128] = "iwek̚", [129] = "əŋ", [130] = "wəŋ", [131] = "ək̚", [132] = "wək̚", [133] = "i̯əŋ", [134] = "i̯ək̚", [135] = "i̯wək̚", [136] = "i̯ə̯u", [137] = "ə̯u", [138] = "ieu", [139] = "i̯əm", [140] = "i̯əm", [141] = "i̯əp̚", [142] = "i̯əp̚", [143] = "ɑm", [144] = "ɑp̚", [145] = "i̯ɐm", [146] = "i̯wɐm", [147] = "i̯ɐp̚", [148] = "i̯wɐp̚", [149] = "am", [150] = "ap̚", [151] = "ăm", [152] = "ăp̚", [153] = "i̯ɛm", [154] = "i̯ɛm", [155] = "i̯ɛp̚", [156] = "i̯ɛp̚", [157] = "iem", [158] = "iep̚", [159] = "ăm", [160] = "ăp̚" }, ["Li"] = { [1] = "uŋ", [2] = "iuŋ", [3] = "uk̚", [4] = "iuk̚", [5] = "oŋ", [6] = "ok̚", [7] = "ioŋ", [8] = "iok̚", [9] = "ɔŋ", [10] = "ɔk̚", [11] = "ie", [12] = "iue", [13] = "je", [14] = "jue", [15] = "i", [16] = "ui", [17] = "ji", [18] = "jui", [19] = "iə", [20] = "iəi", [21] = "iuəi", [22] = "iɔ", [23] = "o", [24] = "io", [25] = "ɑi", [26] = "uɑi", [27] = "iɐi", [28] = "iuɐi", [29] = "ai", [30] = "uai", [31] = "ɛ", [32] = "uɛ", [33] = "ɛi", [34] = "uɛi", [35] = "iɛi", [36] = "iuɛi", [37] = "jɛi", [38] = "juɛi", [39] = "ei", [40] = "uei", [41] = "ᴀi", [42] = "uᴀi", [43] = "iĕn", [44] = "jĕn", [45] = "juĕn", [46] = "iĕn", [47] = "iuĕn", [48] = "iĕt̚", [49] = "jĕt̚", [50] = "juĕt̚", [51] = "iĕt̚", [52] = "iuĕt̚", [53] = "ən", [54] = "ət̚", [55] = "uən", [56] = "uət̚", [57] = "iən", [58] = "iət̚", [59] = "iuən", [60] = "iuət̚", [61] = "ɑn", [62] = "uɑn", [63] = "ɑt̚", [64] = "uɑt̚", [65] = "iɐn", [66] = "iuɐn", [67] = "iɐt̚", [68] = "iuɐt̚", [69] = "an", [70] = "uan", [71] = "at̚", [72] = "uat̚", [73] = "ɛn", [74] = "uɛn", [75] = "ɛt̚", [76] = "uɛt̚", [77] = "iɛn", [78] = "iuɛn", [79] = "jɛn", [80] = "juɛn", [81] = "iɛt̚", [82] = "iuɛt̚", [83] = "jɛt̚", [84] = "juɛt̚", [85] = "en", [86] = "uen", [87] = "et̚", [88] = "uet̚", [89] = "ɑu", [90] = "au", [91] = "iɛu", [92] = "jɛu", [93] = "eu", [94] = "ɑ", [95] = "uɑ", [96] = "iɑ", [97] = "iuɑ", [98] = "a", [99] = "ua", [100] = "ia", [101] = "ɑŋ", [102] = "uɑŋ", [103] = "ɑk̚", [104] = "uɑk̚", [105] = "iaŋ", [106] = "iuaŋ", [107] = "iak̚", [108] = "iuak̚", [109] = "ɐŋ", [110] = "uɐŋ", [111] = "iɐŋ", [112] = "iuɐŋ", [113] = "ɐk̚", [114] = "uɐk̚", [115] = "iɐk̚", [116] = "iuɐk̚", [117] = "ɛŋ", [118] = "uɛŋ", [119] = "ɛk̚", [120] = "uɛk̚", [121] = "iɛŋ", [122] = "iuɛŋ", [123] = "iɛk̚", [124] = "iuɛk̚", [125] = "eŋ", [126] = "ueŋ", [127] = "ek̚", [128] = "uek̚", [129] = "əŋ", [130] = "uəŋ", [131] = "ək̚", [132] = "uək̚", [133] = "iəŋ", [134] = "iək̚", [135] = "iuək̚", [136] = "iu", [137] = "u", [138] = "iĕu", [139] = "iəm", [140] = "jəm", [141] = "iəp̚", [142] = "jəp̚", [143] = "ɑm", [144] = "ɑp̚", [145] = "iɐm", [146] = "iɐm", [147] = "iap̚", [148] = "iɐp̚", [149] = "am", [150] = "ap̚", [151] = "ɐm", [152] = "ɐp̚", [153] = "iɛm", [154] = "jɛm", [155] = "iɛp̚", [156] = "jɛp̚", [157] = "em", [158] = "ep̚", [159] = "ᴀm", [160] = "ᴀp̚" }, ["Pan"] = { [1] = "uŋ", [2] = "iuŋ", [3] = "uk̚", [4] = "iuk̚", [5] = "uoŋ", [6] = "uok̚", [7] = "ioŋ", [8] = "iok̚", [9] = "ᵚɔŋ", [10] = "ᵚɔk̚", [11] = "iɛ", [12] = "ʷiɛ", [13] = "ᵚiɛ", [14] = "ʷᵚiɛ", [15] = "i", [16] = "ʷi", [17] = "ᵚi", [18] = "ʷᵚi", [19] = "ɨ", [20] = "ɨi", [21] = "ʷɨi", [22] = "iɔ", [23] = "uo", [24] = "io", [25] = "ɑi", [26] = "ʷɑi", [27] = "iɐi", [28] = "ʷiɐi", [29] = "ᵚai", [30] = "ʷᵚai", [31] = "ᵚæ", [32] = "ʷᵚæ", [33] = "ᵚæi", [34] = "ʷᵚæi", [35] = "iɛi", [36] = "ʷiɛi", [37] = "ᵚiɛi", [38] = "ʷᵚiei", [39] = "ei", [40] = "ʷei", [41] = "əi", [42] = "uoi", [43] = "in", [44] = "ᵚin", [45] = "ʷᵚin", [46] = "ɪn", [47] = "ʷin", [48] = "it̚", [49] = "ᵚit̚", [50] = "ʷᵚit̚", [51] = "ɪt̚", [52] = "ʷit̚", [53] = "ən", [54] = "ət̚", [55] = "uon", [56] = "uot̚", [57] = "ɨn", [58] = "ɨt̚", [59] = "iun", [60] = "iut̚", [61] = "ɑn", [62] = "ʷɑn", [63] = "ɑt̚", [64] = "ʷɑt̚", [65] = "iɐn", [66] = "ʷiɐn", [67] = "iɐt̚", [68] = "ʷiɐt̚", [69] = "ᵚan", [70] = "ʷᵚan", [71] = "ᵚat̚", [72] = "ʷᵚat̚", [73] = "ᵚæn", [74] = "ʷᵚæn", [75] = "ᵚæt̚", [76] = "ʷᵚæt̚", [77] = "iɛn", [78] = "ʷiɛn", [79] = "ᵚiɛn", [80] = "ʷᵚiɛn", [81] = "iɛt̚", [82] = "ʷiɛt̚", [83] = "ᵚiɛt̚", [84] = "ʷᵚiet̚", [85] = "en", [86] = "ʷen", [87] = "et̚", [88] = "ʷet̚", [89] = "ɑu", [90] = "ᵚau", [91] = "iɛu", [92] = "ᵚiɛu", [93] = "eu", [94] = "ɑ", [95] = "uɑ", [96] = "iɑ", [97] = "ʷiɑ", [98] = "ᵚa", [99] = "ʷᵚa", [100] = "ia", [101] = "ɑŋ", [102] = "ʷɑŋ", [103] = "ɑk̚", [104] = "ʷɑk̚", [105] = "iɐŋ", [106] = "ʷiɐŋ", [107] = "iɐk̚", [108] = "ʷiɐk̚", [109] = "ᵚaŋ", [110] = "ʷᵚaŋ", [111] = "ᵚiaŋ", [112] = "ʷᵚiaŋ", [113] = "ᵚak̚", [114] = "ʷᵚak̚", [115] = "ᵚiak̚", [116] = "ʷᵚiak̚", [117] = "ᵚæŋ", [118] = "ʷᵚæŋ", [119] = "ᵚæk̚", [120] = "ʷᵚæk̚", [121] = "iɛŋ", [122] = "ʷiɛŋ", [123] = "iɛk̚", [124] = "ʷiɛk̚", [125] = "eŋ", [126] = "ʷeŋ", [127] = "ek̚", [128] = "ʷek̚", [129] = "əŋ", [130] = "ʷəŋ", [131] = "ək̚", [132] = "ʷək̚", [133] = "ɨŋ", [134] = "ɨk̚", [135] = "ʷɨk̚", [136] = "iu", [137] = "əu", [138] = "ɨu", [139] = "im", [140] = "ᵚim", [141] = "ip̚", [142] = "ᵚip̚", [143] = "ɑm", [144] = "ɑp̚", [145] = "iɐm", [146] = "iɐm", [147] = "iɐp̚", [148] = "iɐp̚", [149] = "ᵚam", [150] = "ᵚap̚", [151] = "ᵚæm", [152] = "ᵚæp̚", [153] = "iɛm", [154] = "ᵚiɛm", [155] = "iɛp̚", [156] = "ᵚiɛp̚", [157] = "em", [158] = "ep̚", [159] = "əm", [160] = "əp̚" }, ["Pulleyblank"] = { [1] = "əwŋ", [2] = "uwŋ", [3] = "əwk̚", [4] = "uwk̚", [5] = "awŋ", [6] = "awk̚", [7] = "uawŋ", [8] = "uawk̚", [9] = "aɨwŋ", [10] = "aɨwk̚", [11] = "iə̆", [12] = "wiə̆", [13] = "jiə̆", [14] = "jwiə̆", [15] = "i", [16] = "wi", [17] = "ji", [18] = "jwi", [19] = "ɨ", [20] = "ɨj", [21] = "uj", [22] = "ɨə̆", [23] = "ɔ", [24] = "uə̆", [25] = "aj", [26] = "waj", [27] = "ɨaj", [28] = "uaj", [29] = "aɨjs", [30] = "waɨjs", [31] = "aɨj", [32] = "waɨj", [33] = "əɨj", [34] = "wəɨj", [35] = "iaj", [36] = "wiaj", [37] = "jiaj", [38] = "jwiaj", [39] = "ɛj", [40] = "wɛj", [41] = "əj", [42] = "wəj", [43] = "in", [44] = "jin", [45] = "jin", [46] = "in", [47] = "win", [48] = "it̚", [49] = "jit̚", [50] = "jit̚", [51] = "it̚", [52] = "wit̚", [53] = "ən", [54] = "ət̚", [55] = "wən", [56] = "wət̚", [57] = "ɨn", [58] = "ɨt̚", [59] = "un", [60] = "ut̚", [61] = "an", [62] = "wan", [63] = "at̚", [64] = "wat̚", [65] = "ɨan", [66] = "uan", [67] = "ɨat̚", [68] = "uat̚", [69] = "aɨn", [70] = "waɨn", [71] = "aɨt̚", [72] = "waɨt̚", [73] = "əɨn", [74] = "wəɨn", [75] = "əɨt̚", [76] = "wəɨt̚", [77] = "ian", [78] = "wian", [79] = "ian", [80] = "wian", [81] = "iat̚", [82] = "wiat̚", [83] = "iat̚", [84] = "wiat̚", [85] = "ɛn", [86] = "wɛn", [87] = "ɛt̚", [88] = "wɛt̚", [89] = "aw", [90] = "aɨw", [91] = "iaw", [92] = "iaw", [93] = "ɛw", [94] = "a", [95] = "wa", [96] = "ɨa", [97] = "ua", [98] = "aɨ", [99] = "waɨ", [100] = "ia", [101] = "aŋ", [102] = "waŋ", [103] = "ak̚", [104] = "wak̚", [105] = "ɨaŋ", [106] = "uaŋ", [107] = "ɨak̚", [108] = "uak̚", [109] = "aɨjŋ", [110] = "waɨjŋ", [111] = "iajŋ", [112] = "wiajŋ", [113] = "aɨjk̚", [114] = "waɨjk̚", [115] = "iajk̚", [116] = "wiajk̚", [117] = "əɨjŋ", [118] = "wəɨjŋ", [119] = "əɨjk̚", [120] = "wəɨjk̚", [121] = "iajŋ", [122] = "wiajŋ", [123] = "iajk̚", [124] = "wiajk̚", [125] = "ɛjŋ", [126] = "wɛjŋ", [127] = "ɛjk̚", [128] = "wɛjk̚", [129] = "əŋ", [130] = "wəŋ", [131] = "ək̚", [132] = "wək̚", [133] = "iŋ", [134] = "ik̚", [135] = "wik̚", [136] = "uw", [137] = "əw", [138] = "jiw", [139] = "im", [140] = "jim", [141] = "ip̚", [142] = "jip̚", [143] = "am", [144] = "ap̚", [145] = "ɨam", [146] = "uam", [147] = "ɨap̚", [148] = "uap̚", [149] = "aɨm", [150] = "aɨp̚", [151] = "əɨm", [152] = "əɨp̚", [153] = "iam", [154] = "jiam", [155] = "iap̚", [156] = "jiap̚", [157] = "ɛm", [158] = "ɛp̚", [159] = "əm", [160] = "əp̚" }, ["Wang"] = { [1] = "uŋ", [2] = "ĭuŋ", [3] = "uk̚", [4] = "ĭuk̚", [5] = "uoŋ", [6] = "uok̚", [7] = "ĭwoŋ", [8] = "ĭwok̚", [9] = "ɔŋ", [10] = "ɔk̚", [11] = "ǐe", [12] = "ǐwe", [13] = "ǐe", [14] = "ǐwe", [15] = "i", [16] = "wi", [17] = "i", [18] = "wi", [19] = "ĭə", [20] = "ĭəi", [21] = "ĭwəi", [22] = "ĭo", [23] = "u", [24] = "ĭu", [25] = "ɑi", [26] = "uɑi", [27] = "ĭɐi", [28] = "ĭwɐi", [29] = "æi", [30] = "wæi", [31] = "ai", [32] = "wai", [33] = "ɐi", [34] = "wɐi", [35] = "ĭɛi", [36] = "ĭwɛi", [37] = "ĭɛi", [38] = "ĭwɛi", [39] = "iei", [40] = "iwei", [41] = "ɒi", [42] = "uɒi", [43] = "ĭĕn", [44] = "ǐĕn", [45] = "ǐĕn", [46] = "ĭen", [47] = "ĭuĕn", [48] = "ĭĕt̚", [49] = "ĭĕt̚", [50] = "ĭĕt̚", [51] = "ĭet̚", [52] = "ĭuĕt̚", [53] = "ən", [54] = "ət̚", [55] = "uən", [56] = "uət̚", [57] = "ĭən", [58] = "ĭət̚", [59] = "ĭuən", [60] = "ĭuət̚", [61] = "ɑn", [62] = "uɑn", [63] = "ɑt̚", [64] = "uɑt̚", [65] = "ĭɐn", [66] = "ĭwɐn", [67] = "ĭɐt̚", [68] = "ĭwɐt̚", [69] = "an", [70] = "wan", [71] = "at̚", [72] = "wat̚", [73] = "æn", [74] = "wæn", [75] = "æt̚", [76] = "wæt̚", [77] = "ĭɛn", [78] = "ĭwɛn", [79] = "ĭɛn", [80] = "ĭwɛn", [81] = "ĭɛt̚", [82] = "ĭuɛt̚", [83] = "ĭɛt̚", [84] = "ĭuɛt̚", [85] = "ien", [86] = "iwen", [87] = "iet̚", [88] = "iwet̚", [89] = "ɑu", [90] = "au", [91] = "ĭɛu", [92] = "ĭɛu", [93] = "ieu", [94] = "ɑ", [95] = "uɑ", [96] = "ǐɑ", [97] = "ĭuɑ", [98] = "a", [99] = "wa", [100] = "ĭa", [101] = "ɑŋ", [102] = "uɑŋ", [103] = "ɑk̚", [104] = "uɑk̚", [105] = "ĭaŋ", [106] = "ĭwaŋ", [107] = "ĭak̚", [108] = "ĭak̚", [109] = "ɐŋ", [110] = "wɐŋ", [111] = "ĭɐŋ", [112] = "ĭwɐŋ", [113] = "ɐk̚", [114] = "wɐk̚", [115] = "ĭɐk̚", [116] = "ĭwɐk̚", [117] = "æŋ", [118] = "wæŋ", [119] = "æk̚", [120] = "wæk̚", [121] = "ĭɛŋ", [122] = "ĭwɛŋ", [123] = "ĭɛk̚", [124] = "ĭwɛk̚", [125] = "ieŋ", [126] = "iweŋ", [127] = "iek̚", [128] = "iwek̚", [129] = "əŋ", [130] = "uəŋ", [131] = "ək̚", [132] = "uək̚", [133] = "ĭəŋ", [134] = "ĭək̚", [135] = "ĭwək̚", [136] = "ĭəu", [137] = "əu", [138] = "iəu", [139] = "ĭĕm", [140] = "ĭĕm", [141] = "ĭĕp̚", [142] = "ĭĕp̚", [143] = "ɑm", [144] = "ɑp̚", [145] = "ĭɐm", [146] = "ĭwɐm", [147] = "ĭɐp̚", [148] = "ĭwɐp̚", [149] = "am", [150] = "ap̚", [151] = "ɐm", [152] = "ɐp̚", [153] = "ĭɛm", [154] = "ĭɛm", [155] = "ĭɛp̚", [156] = "ĭɛp̚", [157] = "iem", [158] = "iep̚", [159] = "ɒm", [160] = "ɒp̚" }, ["Shao"] = { [1] = "uŋ", [2] = "iuŋ", [3] = "uk̚", [4] = "iuk̚", [5] = "oŋ", [6] = "ok̚", [7] = "ioŋ", [8] = "iok̚", [9] = "ɔŋ", [10] = "ɔk̚", [11] = "jɛ", [12] = "juɛ", [13] = "iɛ", [14] = "iuɛ", [15] = "jɪ", [16] = "juɪ", [17] = "iɪ", [18] = "iuɪ", [19] = "ie", [20] = "iəi", [21] = "iuəi", [22] = "iɔ", [23] = "o", [24] = "io", [25] = "ɑi", [26] = "uɑi", [27] = "iɐi", [28] = "iuɐi", [29] = "ai", [30] = "uai", [31] = "æi", [32] = "uæi", [33] = "ɐi", [34] = "uɐi", [35] = "jæi", [36] = "iuæi", [37] = "iæi", [38] = "iuæi", [39] = "ɛi", [40] = "uɛi", [41] = "ɒi", [42] = "uɒi", [43] = "jen", [44] = "ien", [45] = "iuen", [46] = "ien", [47] = "juen", [48] = "jet̚", [49] = "iet̚", [50] = "iuet̚", [51] = "iet̚", [52] = "juet̚", [53] = "ən", [54] = "ət̚", [55] = "uən", [56] = "uət̚", [57] = "iən", [58] = "iət̚", [59] = "iuən", [60] = "iuət̚", [61] = "ɑn", [62] = "uɑn", [63] = "ɑt̚", [64] = "uɑt̚", [65] = "iɐn", [66] = "iuɐn", [67] = "iɐt̚", [68] = "iuɐt̚", [69] = "ɐn", [70] = "uɐn", [71] = "ɐt̚", [72] = "uɐt̚", [73] = "æn", [74] = "uæn", [75] = "æt̚", [76] = "uæt̚", [77] = "jæn", [78] = "juæn", [79] = "iæn", [80] = "iuæn", [81] = "jæt̚", [82] = "juæt̚", [83] = "iæt̚", [84] = "iuæt̚", [85] = "ɛn", [86] = "uɛn", [87] = "ɛt̚", [88] = "uɛt̚", [89] = "ɑu", [90] = "au", [91] = "jæu", [92] = "iæu", [93] = "eu", [94] = "ɑ", [95] = "uɑ", [96] = "iɑ", [97] = "iuɑ", [98] = "a", [99] = "ua", [100] = "ia", [101] = "ɑŋ", [102] = "uɑŋ", [103] = "ɑk̚", [104] = "uɑk̚", [105] = "iɑŋ", [106] = "iuɑŋ", [107] = "iɑk̚", [108] = "iuɑk̚", [109] = "aŋ", [110] = "uaŋ", [111] = "iaŋ", [112] = "iuaŋ", [113] = "ak̚", [114] = "uak̚", [115] = "iak̚", [116] = "iuak̚", [117] = "ɐŋ", [118] = "uɐŋ", [119] = "ɐk̚", [120] = "uɐk̚", [121] = "iæŋ", [122] = "iuæŋ", [123] = "iæk̚", [124] = "iuæk̚", [125] = "ɛŋ", [126] = "uɛŋ", [127] = "ɛk̚", [128] = "uɛk̚", [129] = "əŋ", [130] = "uəŋ", [131] = "ək̚", [132] = "uək̚", [133] = "ieŋ", [134] = "iek̚", [135] = "iuek̚", [136] = "iəu", [137] = "əu", [138] = "ieu", [139] = "jem", [140] = "iem", [141] = "jep̚", [142] = "iep̚", [143] = "ɑm", [144] = "ɑp̚", [145] = "iɐm", [146] = "iɐm", [147] = "iɐp̚", [148] = "iɐp̚", [149] = "am", [150] = "ap̚", [151] = "ɐm", [152] = "ɐp̚", [153] = "jæm", [154] = "iæm", [155] = "jæp̚", [156] = "iæp̚", [157] = "ɛm", [158] = "ɛp̚", [159] = "ɒm", [160] = "ɒp̚" }, } data.divisions = { [1]=1, [2]=3, [3]=1, [4]=3, [5]=1, [6]=1, [7]=3, [8]=3, [9]=2, [10]=2, [11]=3, [12]=3, [13]=3, [14]=3, [15]=3, [16]=3, [17]=3, [18]=3, [19]=3, [20]=3, [21]=3, [22]=3, [23]=1, [24]=3, [25]=1, [26]=1, [27]=3, [28]=3, [29]=2, [30]=2, [31]=2, [32]=2, [33]=2, [34]=2, [35]=3, [36]=3, [37]=3, [38]=3, [39]=4, [40]=4, [41]=1, [42]=1, [43]=3, [44]=3, [45]=3, [46]=3, [47]=3, [48]=3, [49]=3, [50]=3, [51]=3, [52]=3, [53]=1, [54]=1, [55]=1, [56]=1, [57]=3, [58]=3, [59]=3, [60]=3, [61]=1, [62]=1, [63]=1, [64]=1, [65]=3, [66]=3, [67]=3, [68]=3, [69]=2, [70]=2, [71]=2, [72]=2, [73]=2, [74]=2, [75]=2, [76]=2, [77]=3, [78]=3, [79]=3, [80]=3, [81]=3, [82]=3, [83]=3, [84]=3, [85]=4, [86]=4, [87]=4, [88]=4, [89]=1, [90]=2, [91]=3, [92]=3, [93]=4, [94]=1, [95]=1, [96]=3, [97]=3, [98]=2, [99]=2, [100]=3, [101]=1, [102]=1, [103]=1, [104]=1, [105]=3, [106]=3, [107]=3, [108]=3, [109]=2, [110]=2, [111]=3, [112]=3, [113]=2, [114]=2, [115]=3, [116]=3, [117]=2, [118]=2, [119]=2, [120]=2, [121]=3, [122]=3, [123]=3, [124]=3, [125]=4, [126]=4, [127]=4, [128]=4, [129]=1, [130]=1, [131]=1, [132]=1, [133]=3, [134]=3, [135]=3, [136]=3, [137]=1, [138]=3, [139]=3, [140]=3, [141]=3, [142]=3, [143]=1, [144]=1, [145]=3, [146]=3, [147]=3, [148]=3, [149]=2, [150]=2, [151]=2, [152]=2, [153]=3, [154]=3, [155]=3, [156]=3, [157]=4, [158]=4, [159]=1, [160]=1, } data.final_deng = { ["東一"] = 1, ["東三"] = 2, ["屋一"] = 3, ["屋三"] = 4, ["宵三"] = 91, ["宵重鈕四"] = 91, ["宵重鈕三"] = 92, ["侵三"] = 139, ["侵重鈕三"] = 140, ["緝三"] = 141, ["緝重鈕三"] = 142, ["葉三"] = 155, ["葉重鈕三"] = 156, ["鹽三"] = 153, ["鹽重鈕三"] = 154, ["真三"] = 43, ["真重鈕四"] = 43, ["眞三"] = 43, ["眞重鈕四"] = 43, ["質三"] = 48, ["質重鈕四"] = 48 } data.division = { ["一"] = 'I', ["二"] = 'II', ["三"] = 'III', ["四"] = 'IV', ["重鈕三"]="''Chongniu'' III", ["重鈕四"]="''Chongniu'' IV" } data.open_closed = { ["開"] = "Open", ["合"] = "Closed" } data.tonality = { ["上"] = "Rising (X)", ["去"] = "Departing (H)", ["平"] = "Level (Ø)", ["入"] = "Checked (Ø)" } data.tone_symbol = { ["平"] = "", ["上"] = "X", ["去"] = "H", ["入"] = "" } data.tone_number = { ["平"] = 1, ["上"] = 2, ["去"] = 3, ["入"] = 4 } data.final_openness = { ["真開"] = 44, ["真合"] = 45, ["眞開"] = 44, ["眞合"] = 45, ["質開"] = 49, ["質合"] = 50 } data.final_type_1 = "[微泰廢夬佳皆齊元月刪黠山鎋先屑唐鐸陽藥耕麥清昔青錫登德職]" data.final_type_2 = "[東屋宵侵緝葉鹽]" data.final_type_3 = "[支脂祭戈仙薛麻陌庚]" data.final_type_4 = "[真眞質]" data.final_type_5 = "[冬沃鍾燭江覺之魚模虞咍灰臻諄櫛術痕麧魂沒欣迄文物寒桓曷末豪肴蕭歌蒸尤侯幽談盍嚴凡業乏銜狎咸洽添怗帖覃合]" data.colour_1 = "var(--wikt-palette-lightblue, #d9ebff)" data.colour_2 = "var(--wikt-palette-cyan, #eaffff)" data.colour_3 = "var(--wikt-palette-paleblue, #f8f9fa)" return data sep269ve711z037kawz0p26hxl7k8qk 0 3786373 7240918 2026-07-06T11:32:51Z Prakashphuyal30 2692335 Created page with "पूर्वि नेपालको पर्टकीय स्थल भेडेटार धनकुटा र सुनसरी जिल्लाको सिमानामा रहेको छ । भेडेटार समुन्द्री सतहबाट १,४२० मिटर उचाइमा पहाडी क्षेत्रमा अवस्थित छ । हाल यो क्षेत्र प्राय गर्मि..." 7240918 wikitext text/x-wiki पूर्वि नेपालको पर्टकीय स्थल भेडेटार धनकुटा र सुनसरी जिल्लाको सिमानामा रहेको छ । भेडेटार समुन्द्री सतहबाट १,४२० मिटर उचाइमा पहाडी क्षेत्रमा अवस्थित छ । हाल यो क्षेत्र प्राय गर्मिको मौसममा चीसो खोज्नेहरुको लागि प्रसिद्ध हुदै गएको छ । यस क्षेत्रको बिषेशता भनेको छिन छिनमा आउने बादलले पर्यटकहरुको मन फुरुङ पार्ने गरेको छ । यस क्षेत्रमा छिमेकि देश भारतवाट समेत ठूलो संख्यामा पर्यटक आउने गरेको पाइन्छ । भेडेटारको भ्यू टावर अर्थात चार्ल्सप्वाइन्ट यस्तो स्थान हो जहाँबाट स्काइ वाकको मजा लिदै सप्तकोशीको नागवेलि मनोरम दृष्य नजिकबाट नियाल्नपाइनुका साथे पूर्वी तराईका फाँटहरू, धरानको धना शहर, इटहरी,तरहरा लगाएका वस्तिहरुको अवलोकनका साथै सगरमाथा, मकालु, कञ्चनजङ्घा, कुम्भकर्ण जस्ता हिमशृङ्खलाहरू एकै पटक नियाल्न मिल्ने पूर्वि पहाडको प्रमुख पहाडी गन्तब्य हो । [[Category:Wy/ne]] 8xo545h458qj0jeizdkkf8pi4l17was 7240941 7240918 2026-07-06T11:54:56Z Prakashphuyal30 2692335 7240941 wikitext text/x-wiki पूर्वि नेपालको पर्टकीय स्थल भेडेटार धनकुटा र सुनसरी जिल्लाको सिमानामा अवस्थित रहेको छ । भेडेटार समुन्द्री सतहबाट लगभग १,४२० मिटर उचाइको पहाडी क्षेत्रमा अवस्थित छ । यो क्षेत्र गर्मिको मौसममा चीसो खोज्नेहरु र उच्च पहाडिभुभागबाट सून्दर तराईका फाटहरुले कसरी पहाडी भुभाग सँग मिलन गर्छन भन्ने कुराको प्रत्यक्ष अवलोकन गर्नेहरुका लागि प्रसिद्ध हुदै गएको छ । यस क्षेत्रको बिषेशता भनेको छिन छिनमा पहाड चुम्न आउने बादलले पर्यटकहरुको मन लाई फुरुङ पार्ने रहेको छ । यस क्षेत्रमा छिमेकि देश भारतवाट समेत ठूलो संख्यामा पर्यटक आउने गरेको पाइन्छ । भेडेटारको भ्यू टावर (चार्ल्सप्वाइन्ट) बाट यस्तो स्थान हो जहाँबाट स्काइ वाकको मजा लिदै नेपालकै ठूलो सप्तकोशी नदिका नागवेलि बाटाहरुको मनोरम दृष्य नजिकबाट नियाल्नपाइनुका साथे पूर्वी तराईका फाँटहरू, धरानको सून्दर बस्ति, इटहरी,तरहरा लगाएका वस्तिहरुको अवलोकनका साथै सगरमाथा, मकालु, कञ्चनजङ्घा, कुम्भकर्ण जस्ता हिमशृङ्खलाहरू एकै पटक नियाल्न मिल्ने पूर्वि पहाडको प्रमुख पहाडी गन्तब्य हो । [[Category:Wy/ne]] 1lvnlbcwyg56gw6aanm1qqheo6c8wfw 3 3786374 7240919 2026-07-06T11:32:52Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7240919 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 11:32, 6 July 2026 (UTC) 122mcww04cwrpql5uh9tdxbpxk94xf3 0 3786375 7240940 2026-07-06T11:53:59Z ~2026-38628-55 2692355 Created page with "[[File:2023-11-16_Gala_de_los_Latin_Grammy,_03_(cropped)02.jpg|right|thumb|Shakira (2023)]] Shakira (s. 2. fepruaarikuuta 1977 Barranquilla, Kolumbia) oon kolumbialainen laulaja. Hänelä oon 12 studioalbumia. == Diskografia == === Studioalbumit === * ''Magia'' (1991) * ''Peligro'' (1993) * ''Pies Descalzos'' (1995) * ''Dónde Están los Ladrones?'' (1998) * ''Laundry Service'' (2001) * ''Fijación Oral, Vol. 1'' (2005) * ''Oral Fixation, Vol. 2'' (2005) * ''She Wolf'..." 7240940 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2023-11-16_Gala_de_los_Latin_Grammy,_03_(cropped)02.jpg|right|thumb|Shakira (2023)]] Shakira (s. 2. fepruaarikuuta 1977 Barranquilla, Kolumbia) oon kolumbialainen laulaja. Hänelä oon 12 studioalbumia. == Diskografia == === Studioalbumit === * ''Magia'' (1991) * ''Peligro'' (1993) * ''Pies Descalzos'' (1995) * ''Dónde Están los Ladrones?'' (1998) * ''Laundry Service'' (2001) * ''Fijación Oral, Vol. 1'' (2005) * ''Oral Fixation, Vol. 2'' (2005) * ''She Wolf'' (2009) * ''Sale el Sol'' (2010) * ''Shakira'' (2014) * ''El Dorado'' (2017) * ''Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran'' (2024) === Livealbumit === * ''MTV Unplugged'' (2000) * ''Live & off the Record'' (2004) * ''Oral Fixation Tour'' (2007) * ''Live from Paris'' (2011) * ''Shakira in Concert: El Dorado World Tour'' (2019) * ''Anniversary: Oral Fixation (20th) and Pies Descalzos (30th) Live'' (2025) [[Category:Wp/fkv]] 5gla88oal85ej8wup39lhju5ut0rl3q