Wikimedia Incubator incubatorwiki https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Incubator:Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Incubator Incubator talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Translations Translations talk Event Event talk 4 2908 7374294 7295338 2026-10-25T15:20:07Z Thekrow280 2717775 7374294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Please do not edit this line}} {{#ifeq:{{{width|}}}|full| <!-- full width --> <div style="text-align:left; position:relative; left:8px; top:8px; background:{{{bgcolor|#C6DEFE}}}; height:25px; width:98%; -moz-border-radius: 8px; -webkit-border-radius: 8px; border-radius:8px;"> | <!-- column part --> <div style="text-align:left; position:relative; left:4px; top:2px; margin:5px;"> [[File:{{{bgimage|Bluebg.png}}}|link=|alt=|class=skin-invert-image]]}} <div style="position:absolute; left:5px; top:-6px;">[[File:{{{image|DIVшакмак.svg}}}|38px|link=|alt=]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:40px; top:1px;"><h2 {{#if:{{{id|}}} | id="{{{id}}}Head"| }} style="font-weight:bold; border-bottom:none; font-size:120%; padding:.05em .4em; margin-top:0;">{{{title|}}}</h2></div></div> <div {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="mf-{{{id}}}"|}} style="padding: 10px 10px; margin-top: 5px;"> {{{content|}}} {{#if:{{{link|}}}{{{1|}}}|<div align="right" style="padding-bottom:10px;"><span style="font-size:85%;">{{#if:{{{link|}}}|{{{link|}}}|{{join|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}| separator={{MainPage/S|{{{middot-color|#6495ed}}}}}}}}}</span></div>|}}</div> bxu0z7zvx8o0z65z5r2okd2fhesb8mj 3 10250 7374487 7332899 2026-10-26T01:19:21Z Amire80 370 /* IKalanga Language activation */ Reply 7374487 wikitext text/x-wiki * [[User talk:Amire80/Archive 2006-2010|Archive 2006-2010]] == О языках == Амир, расскажите, пожалуйста, как сейчас вообще дела идут с утверждением кабардино-черкесского, вепсского и латгальского разделов? Когда планируется их открытие? Что говорят другие члены языкового комитета? Спасибо--[[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] 12:07, 23 January 2011 (UTC) :Все три приняты к сведению как проекты, которые могут быть скоро утверждены. Мы сейчас обсуждаем детали - а то какой же мы без этого комитет :) :Не от имени комитета, а от себя добавлю: Я заглянул на заглавные страницы инкубаторов. Так как я в MediaWiki разбираюсь, я знаю как найти там существенные статьи, но человеку, непосвящённому в техническую часть Википедии их найти очень тяжело. Когда дело дойдёт до запроса к эксперту, который сможет утвердить, что инкубатор действительно написан на титульных языках, он там вряд ли разберётся. (Я умею читать по-литовски, так что и латгальский чуть-чуть понимаю и я верю, что там действительно латгальский, но запрос к эксперту - часть процедуры, и это вполне нормально.) :На всех трёх языках есть справа список категорий, но многие из них пустые и это плохо выглядит. Пустые категории лучше удалить - их очень легко создать, и они не очень приближают утверждение. Лучше оставить там небольшой список категорий, в каждой из которых есть много статей, и тогда всем всё будет понятно и инкубаторы будет легче "продать" :) --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 00:31, 24 January 2011 (UTC) ::Может быть, категории временно скрыть и создать временный список самых лучших статей, чтобы не приходилось искать долго? Кстати, может пора обновить [[:meta:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Kabardian-Circassian|заявку на Мете]] до статуса ''final decision'' и "перекрасить" рамку на странице [[Wp/kbd]] (как сделано в [[Wp/rue|русинском]]) или рановато? [[User:Master Shadow|Master Shadow]] 08:17, 24 January 2011 (UTC) :::''Final decision'' - рановато. :::С первым предложением согласен. :::Я только что прошёлся по всем статьям вепсского инкубатора и нашёл довольно мало статей с существенным содержанием. Например, почти про всех зверей написано три слова. Сравните с [[:Category:Wp/kbd/Псэушъхьэхэр хьарыфылъымкӀэ зэхэдзауэ|черкесской категорией зверей]] - там про каждое животное не меньше абзаца. То же самое насчёт вепсских населённых пунктов - почти про все написано, что это населённый пункт в таком-то районе и всё, а ведь про них-то людям, говорящим на вепсском, наверняка есть что написать. Чем быстрее будет написан существенный абзац про каждый населённый пункт, тем быстрее придёт положительное ''final decision''. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 08:34, 24 January 2011 (UTC) ::Принято и понятно, в ближайшее время займусь. Всё-таки, если не секрет — почему русинская Вики так долго не открывается? Заранее спасибо. [[User:Master Shadow|Master Shadow]] 08:39, 24 January 2011 (UTC) :::Чисто техническая заминка. Напомню технарям, чтобы поторопились. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 08:54, 24 January 2011 (UTC) ::Обновил заглавную кабардино-черкесской Вики, такого количества (25 статей) достаточно? [[User:Master Shadow|Master Shadow]] 14:59, 24 January 2011 (UTC) :::Да, уже лучше. В настоящей Википедии это, конечно же, можно будет убрать. :::Стоит сделать то же самое в ltg и vep. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 15:48, 24 January 2011 (UTC) ::::в латгальской на главной оставил ссылки ток на богатые статьями категории, пойдёт? <br /> а в качестве эксперта могу предложить [[User:Stiernīts|пользователя Stiernīts]], думаю он согласится..) --[[User:Dark Eagle|Dark Eagle]] <small>([[User talk:Dark Eagle|runuot]] · [[Special:Contributions/Dark Eagle|devīņs]])</small> 19:16, 24 January 2011 (UTC) :::::Сделали хорошо. :::::Мы обычно стараемся выбирать экспертов внешних, не относящихся к авторам нынешнего проекта. Stiernīts - специалист-языковед? --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 20:53, 24 January 2011 (UTC) :::: По вепсской - добавил тривиальности, + скоро Igriks допишет по чуть-чуть в каждую, завтра на главную выставлю самые лучшие статьи--[[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] 10:25, 26 January 2011 (UTC) == Латгальская Википедия == Можно узнать побольше о смене ISO кода языка? [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/ltg/Vikipedeja:D%C5%ABmu_meits#ISO_code] --[[User:Dark Eagle|Dark Eagle]] <small>([[User talk:Dark Eagle|runuot]] · [[Special:Contributions/Dark Eagle|devīņs]])</small> 17:45, 13 February 2011 (UTC) :Я имел в виду не новый код вместо нынешнего, а новый код вообще, потому что до недавнего времени вообще не было никакого кода. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 21:09, 13 February 2011 (UTC) == WikiSource (kbd) == Добрый день! Из нескольких вариантов написания на черкесском языке решили что оптимальным будет «ВикикъыхэхыпӀэ» (къыхэхыпӀэ - источник, хранилище). Прошу прощения за долгий ответ. [[User:Богупс|Богупс]] 10:01, 3 March 2011 (UTC) :Всё-таки "Вики", не "Уики"? --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 18:41, 3 March 2011 (UTC) == Livonian Wikipedia requirements == Hi Amir, Livonian most-used MediaWiki messages (and Babel) are translated [[User:Warbola|Warbola]] 05:45, 4 March 2011 (UTC) :Excellent! I am very impressed. I requested to enable selecting Livonian as the interface language in MediaWiki: [[:mediazilla:27845]]. :The work you are doing in the incubator is also very good, but please try to find more contributors to assure that the project will remain growing. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 08:53, 4 March 2011 (UTC) ==Непонятные знаки== По поводу непонятных знаков в статьях на вепсском: В смысле непонятные? Я таковых не наблюдаю.... Если вы про символы žž, č, š, ö, ü, ä, то они являются символами вепсского алфавита. --[[User:Igriks|Igriks]] 10:51, 4 March 2011 (UTC) :С буквами ž, č, š, ö, ü, ä всё понятно. :Но вот прямо здесь есть между буквой ž и запятой есть знак ž. У меня он выглядит как квадратик с цифрами 009Е. Что там должно быть? --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 21:30, 4 March 2011 (UTC) :: У меня такого нет... Странно... (там кстати ничего и быть не должно) --[[User:Igriks|Igriks]] 09:53, 5 March 2011 (UTC) :::Может быть ты пишешь в Ворде или какой-нибудь другой программе, и она добавляет что-нибудь невидимое? Такое бывает. :::И меня можно на ты! --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 14:43, 5 March 2011 (UTC) :::: Нет, я пишу сразу в викиредакторе... --[[User:Igriks|Igriks]] 18:20, 5 March 2011 (UTC) :::: Посмотри, сейчас исправилось? --[[User:Igriks|Igriks]] 18:23, 5 March 2011 (UTC) :::::Да. Теперь я их не вижу. Ты их просто удалил, что, видимо, правильно. Но любопытно узнать откуда они взялись. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 19:01, 5 March 2011 (UTC) :::::: Понятие не имею откуда они взялись. А удалились они после того, как я их перепечатал слова, которые ты указал... --[[User:Igriks|Igriks]] 20:18, 5 March 2011 (UTC) == Логотип кабардино-черкесской Вики == Я посмотрел — а что там не так? Я всё делал по инструкции, просто мне пришлось немного сузить слово "Уикипедиэ" — оно растягивалось чуть дальше границы. Какую версию шрифта следует использовать? И вообще, так ли важны эти незначительные отклонения? [[User:Master Shadow|Master Shadow]] 15:54, 5 March 2011 (UTC) :Буква д получилась просто наклонённая печатная, а должна поменяться. Посмотри на эмблему ру-вики. :Когда ты скачал шрифт? Я только что скачал и установил заново и мне кажется, что это улучшилось. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 17:32, 5 March 2011 (UTC) ::А, теперь ясно. Я скачал сегодня утром вот по этой ссылке — http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/File:LinLibertineO_473.zip , которая прилагалась к [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Wikimedia_official_marks/Word_mark_creation инструкции]. Действительно, при более внимательном рассмотрении файла шрифта оказывается, что дизайн как прописных, так и строчных букв совершенно одинаковый! Вы не могли бы дать ссылку, с которой качали вы? [[User:Master Shadow|Master Shadow]] 17:41, 5 March 2011 (UTC) :::Отсюда: http://www.linuxlibertine.org/index.php?id=91&L=1 :::И пожалуйста, на ты! Я один, меня не много :) --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 18:58, 5 March 2011 (UTC) ::Ок, просто для меня не очень привычно общаться на "ты" с незнакомым человеком. =) Глянь новую версию логотипа сейчас, я загрузил её поверх старой. [[User:Master Shadow|Master Shadow]] 19:25, 5 March 2011 (UTC) :::Теперь шрифт правильный, но мне кажется, что буквы в конце немножко обрезаны. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 19:52, 5 March 2011 (UTC) ::В смысле? Что не так на этот раз? [[User:Master Shadow|Master Shadow]] 20:09, 5 March 2011 (UTC) :::У букв "Э" и "щ" в конце обрезаны пиксели справа. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 06:29, 6 March 2011 (UTC) ::Не понимаю, в каком смысле "обрезаны"? У меня всё отображается нормально. [[User:Master Shadow|Master Shadow]] 07:06, 6 March 2011 (UTC) :::Посмотри внимательно на правую сторону большой буквы Э. Она прямая, а должна быть закруглена. То же самое с буквой щ. Хотя если название поменяется на "щӀэнгъуазэ", эта проблема пропадёт сама. :::Я сам это пробовал поправить в Инкскейпе, и у меня не получилось. Если и у тебя не получается, найдём как наладить - эмблему всегда можно поменять. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 07:30, 6 March 2011 (UTC) : Господа, я не очень вовремя конечно, но, "коллеги" с кабардинской стороны внесли предложение написать ''энциклопедию'' на кабардино-черкесском - ''щӀэнгъуазэ''. Как вы отнесётесь? [[User:Богупс|Богупс]] 22:01, 5 March 2011 (UTC) ::Ничего страшного, как-раз вовремя :) ::Мне это совершенно не мешает. Это ваш язык. ::Просто из любопытства: У меня на компьютере есть словари Блэгъожъ-Блэгъожъ и Къардэн и ни там ни там я этого слова не нашёл. Словари эти маленькие, и там, конечно, всех слов нет. Но в гугле я его нашёл (как щ1энгъуазэ). Оно составлено из других слов? --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 06:29, 6 March 2011 (UTC) ::: Я не могу сказать точно происхождения слова, в моих словарях его тоже нет, но, если слово "разобрать/разбить" то дословный перевод получается таким: щӀэн(ыгъэ) - знать, знание, наука; гъуазэ - направление, ориентир, цель. С этим словом я раньше не встречался, тоже поискал в интернете, на русском языке нашёл в статье про [http://ethics.kbsu.ru/about/index.htm Б.Х. Бгажнокова] (предпоследний абзац). [[User:Богупс|Богупс]] 09:16, 6 March 2011 (UTC) ::Амир, нынешняя версия не пойдёт никак? Может быть, ты попросишь кого-нибудь "нарисовать" с правильным шрифтом? [[User:Master Shadow|Master Shadow]] 13:30, 7 March 2011 (UTC) :::Вроде удалось нарисовать самому. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 12:45, 8 March 2011 (UTC) ::Большое спасибо, надеюсь, теперь проблем с финальным утверждением не будет? [[User:Master Shadow|Master Shadow]] 18:31, 8 March 2011 (UTC) :::А их и так бы не было. Пиксели в эмблеме - мелочь. Самое главное - хорошо писать статьи, а на этом языке они пишутся отлично. :::Кстати, стоит продолжать писать и не ждать открытия: в прошлом проходило довольно много времени от утверждения язкомом у заявки в Багзилле до настоящего открытия.. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 19:02, 8 March 2011 (UTC) ::А когда Язком утвердит нашу Вики? Ты говорил, что в самое ближайшее время? А что касается активности, об этом можно не беспокоиться, проект наполняется и развивается силами нескольких участников. [[User:Master Shadow|Master Shadow]] 11:13, 10 March 2011 (UTC) :::Язком уже утвердил. Остались последние формальности. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 12:00, 10 March 2011 (UTC) == Кабардино-черкесская Викитека == Я подал [[meta:Requests for new languages/Wikisource Kabardian-Circassian|заявку на Мету]], поддержи её, если не трудно. [[User:Master Shadow|Master Shadow]] 09:18, 11 March 2011 (UTC) :Убеждать кого-либо в том, что эту Викитеку стоит открыть, не очень-то нужно - это и так понятно. Главное писать саму Викитеку и переводить сообщения в translatewiki.net. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 09:25, 11 March 2011 (UTC) :: Кстати, грузины допереводили сообщения интерфейса для грузинской викитеки--[[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] 11:55, 11 March 2011 (UTC) == Создание википроектов == У меня такой вопрос: [[Incubator:Site creation log#Requested site creations|здесь]] набралось достаточно много проектов, которых нужно создать, так когда, наконец, можно ожидать их полное открытие? --[[User:Dark Eagle|Dark Eagle]] <small>([[User talk:Dark Eagle|runuot]] · [[Special:Contributions/Dark Eagle|devīņs]])</small> 14:00, 13 March 2011 (UTC) :Трудно сказать, но надеюсь, что до конца марта. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 14:08, 13 March 2011 (UTC) ::Амир, скажите, пожалуйста, как обстоят дела с утверждением Вепсской Википедии?--[[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] 14:59, 13 March 2011 (UTC) :::Со стороны авторов статей - стало лучше, но отдыхать не стоит. Есть ещё много статей длиной в четыре слова, и ради всеобщей пользы очень стоит их улучшить. :::С нашей стороны - мы тоже работаем. Скоро будут очень интересные сюрпризы. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 15:05, 13 March 2011 (UTC) :: [[User:Amire80|Amir]], Ливвиковская Википедия в инкубаторе (Wp/olo) постоянно увеличивается, перевод интерфейса сделан, есть несколько постоянных авторов статей. Что, по Вашему, ещё нужно сделать, чтобы администраторы начали процесс регистрации этой Википедии? --[[User:Onegaborg|Onegaborg]] ([[User talk:Onegaborg|talk]]) 17:33, 21 July 2016 (UTC) == Проблемы в кабардино-черкесской Вики == ''Перенесено в [[:w:kbd:User:Amire80]].'' --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 08:11, 25 March 2011 (UTC) == wp/lez == Не могли бы вы сделать 10 правок до конца месяца. Не хватает для статистики. Заранее спасибо.[[User:Namik555|namik]] 04:29, 11 August 2011 (UTC) :"Статистику" проверяю я, и не числа в ней важны, а настоящее содержание. От того, что люди не знающие языка будут делать там по десять технических правок, дело с мёртвой точки не сдвинется. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] 08:33, 11 August 2011 (UTC) == luri lrc wikipedia == Hello<br/> luri lrc wiki incubator was active from two past years ago and it has four or five active users but it is'nt make please help us please see this page[https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/lrc] please help us so thanks.[[User:Mogoeilor|Mogoeilor]] ([[User talk:Mogoeilor|talk]]) 12:01, 17 April 2015 (UTC) ==Translate wiki == ''Moved to [[User talk:Michael junior obregon pozo]].'' --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 10:58, 2 March 2018 (UTC) == About Phabricator == Hi I like to use start a project in phabricator but I don't know how to start . What is Phabricator mainly use for ? I like to upload Meetei language logo with the help of Phabricator for Wikipedia but I don't How to start ... ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ 12:28, 5 July 2018 (UTC) == Translatewiki question` == Hi, Amir. As long as you're here, anyway ... Did you ever activate cnr (Montenegrin) on translatewiki? I thought we decided that you should do at least that much. [[User:StevenJ81|StevenJ81]] ([[User talk:StevenJ81|talk]]) 13:35, 5 July 2018 (UTC) == [[Wt/ary]] directionality == Hey Amire. How can we set this project direction to rtl? Thank you Https://incubator.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:MF-Warburg#/talk/32 {{Use prefixed copy|Unsigned}}<small>— The preceding [[w:Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:زكريا|زكريا]] ([[User talk:زكريا|{{lc:{{int:talk}}}}]] • [[Special:Contributions/زكريا|{{lc:{{int:contribslink}}}}]]){{#if:10:20, 3 August 2018 (UTC)|&#32;10:20, 3 August 2018 (UTC)|}}.</small> ==Garbled khw== {{Ping|Amire80}} Please fix this error here [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/khw/جوہجو_امام] the article is in khowar language but while uploading the article the language has been changed into some other language, I am unable to fix this technical issue--[[user_talk:rachitrali|RAChitrali]] 09:20, 22 January 2019 (UTC) :Hi [[user:rachitrali|RAChitrali]], :How did you upload it? Did you copy and paste it from a word processor, from a text editor, or from another website? --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 09:32, 22 January 2019 (UTC) == BiDi issue on the Main Page == Hi, Amir. I was just cleaning up the Hebrew version of the main page. It works fine if my interface language is English and I select the Hebrew version from the menu. However, if I change my interface language to Hebrew, the page writes over the navigation menu on the right side of the page. Any thoughts why/how to fix? Thanks. שבת שלום וחג שמח! [[User:StevenJ81|StevenJ81]] ([[User talk:StevenJ81|talk]]) 13:42, 18 April 2019 (UTC) :Hi, :I cannot reproduce it. Does it still happen? Can you perhaps send me a screenshot? --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 10:17, 20 April 2019 (UTC) == [[Wp/avk|WP Kotava project (avk)]] == Hello.<br> The Kotava project should be validated. You have seen the vitality and quality and consistency for over one year. Today it has 4918 articles, making it largely the most dynamic of all WP projects developed in the Incubator.<br> The open debate on September 26 showed no opposition from any LangCom member. Why wait more? Thank you. [[User:Axel xadolik|Axel xadolik]] ([[User talk:Axel xadolik|talk]]) 16:08, 12 November 2019 (UTC) :'''7938 articles''' today. How many months or years still to wait for approval? Tell us. Thanks. [[User:Axel xadolik|Axel xadolik]] ([[User talk:Axel xadolik|talk]]) 15:11, 9 March 2020 (UTC) ::Hello, could you create a Wikipedia logo for Kotava as you have done for Ladin? The moto is: '''Wikipedia''', '''''Tela Nuyafa Xadola'''''. Thank you by advance. [[User:Nevatovol|Nevatovol]] ([[User talk:Nevatovol|talk]]) 13:54, 8 June 2020 (UTC) ::: It's not me, I'm awful at using graphics software. I bug [[User:Odder]] for this :) [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 17:34, 8 June 2020 (UTC) ::::Excuse me for the mistake. I'm asking [[User:Odder]] if it's possible, I hope. Otherwise, please, why the process for approval the Kotava project is so long? Objectively, it's a quality project, with almost 10000 articles at today and about ten regular contributors. I thank you. :) [[User:Nevatovol|Nevatovol]] ([[User talk:Nevatovol|talk]]) 20:02, 8 June 2020 (UTC) == [[Wp/awa|Awadhi]] == You have just validated the Awadhi project. Awadhi is just a simple dialect. Many of the pages are very small or are copies of Hindi pages. It is you who decide alone? Where is the majority vote that would have validated this project? I can't find it anywhere. मुझे आश्चर्य है :It was discussed at [[:meta:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Awadhi]] and on the [[:meta:Langcom|Language committee]] mailing list, and no one objected. It was also verified by external academic experts. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 14:42, 29 April 2020 (UTC) == Help for Talysh Wikipedia (Wp/tly) == Hi dear, How can you help get the Talysh[https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/tly] Wikipedia approved? Thanks in advance. [[User:Patriot Kor|Patriot Kor]] ([[User talk:Patriot Kor|talk]]) 20:48, 5 December 2021 (UTC) :I'll take a look, thanks for the ping. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 03:06, 6 December 2021 (UTC) == Unable to create any new article == I am unable to create any new article in Wp/omp test wiki. While trying to create so, the process is automatically blocked. But I can edit the existing articles in the Wp/omp. What is the problem behind this? Can it be fixed? [[User:Haoreima|Haoreima]] ([[User talk:Haoreima|talk]]) 16:07, 6 January 2022 (UTC) I don't know. I see you have already asked at the Community portal, and that's a better place for this question. --[[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 04:52, 7 January 2022 (UTC) == Hi Amir (Kambai) == Here they are: * Media - Midya (?Midiya) * Special - A‌̱khapsak * Talk - A‌̱lyiat * User - A̱‌tyuta̱‌m * User talk - A̱‌lyiat a̱‌tyuta‌m * Wikipedia talk - A̱‌lyiat Wikipidya * File - Fail (?Fayil) * File talk - A‌‌̱lyiat fail * MediaWiki - MediaWiki * MediaWiki talk - A‌̱lyiat MediaWiki * Template - Ta‌̱mpi‌̱let * Template talk - A̱‌lyiat ta‌̱mpi‌̱let * Help - Beang * Help talk - A‌̱lyiat beang * Category - Sot * Category talk - A‌lyiat sot * Module - Kpa̱m * Module talk - A̱‌lyiat kpa̱m * Gadget - Kyangta̱m * Gadget talk - A̱lyiat kyangta̱m * Gadget definition - Wa̱i kyangta̱m * Gadget definition talk - A̱lyiat wa̱i kyangta̱m * Topic - A‌̱pyia̱‌ a‌̱lyiat * Page - Wat * Page talk - A‌̱lyiat wat * Index - Ga̱‌fang * Index talk - A̱‌lyiat ga‌̱fang --[[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 19:22, 6 February 2022 (UTC) == What to do for [[Incubator:Requests for deletions#Wp/jat]]? == I'm not sure which god name I met under it, there are two contributors who started [[Wp/jat|it]] saying Jatki, which the language name is [[w:Jatki language|ambiguous]], checking [[iso639-3:jat]] it says Jakati, which on enwiki [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jakati_language&redirect=no it] redirects to [[w:Inku language|Inku]], I later added incubator tag to Inku, but half days later my addition has undid by Uanfala, says the pages there don't appear to be in Inku (see also [[w:User talk:Uanfala#"the pages there don't appear to be in Inku"|this]]), later I started this RFD, but soon, contributors said a lot of comments that jat is Jatki, and some days later, they restored Wp/jat as what they did when creating, started [[Wt/jat]], [[Wb/jat]], [[Wn/jat]], [[Wq/jat]] and [[Wy/jat]] which all says Jatki that is said as ambiguous, they even added an entry, without references: "Jatki is a language of Punjab, Pakistan in the districts of Jhang, Sargodha, Bahawalnagar, Toba Tek Singh, Chiniot, Khushab, Sahiwal, Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari and Khanewal in the area of 49,121 km².The population of above mentioned districts is 26,374,221 according to census 2017 in which the Jatki language is local and in majority. It is intermediate language between Punjabi and Saraiki. It is combination of Shahpuri dialect and Jhangvi dialect." now what should I do? [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 01:51, 26 November 2022 (UTC) :@[[User:Engr.ismailbhutta|Engr.ismailbhutta]] I'm not asking you, I'm asking Amire for their opinions, should you get refrain from others' talk pages discussions like this one? Also your modifications didn't help anything in any circumstances, but still the confusions occur, eventually after one IP's addition of [[w:Template:Incubator]] to [[w:Jatki language]] which I'd love to point it again as strongly, an ambiguous name pointed to several language'''s'''. --[[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 11:12, 2 October 2023 (UTC) :From I:RFD page, there's a suggestion that this test project, along with other /jat projects, can be merged into [[:pnb:]]. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 03:43, 9 October 2023 (UTC) :Pardon, any status quo after 3 years of posting? [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 07:09, 23 January 2025 (UTC) ::Sorry, I don't have a strong opinion about this. People who understand the subject better than I do already replied in the discussion, and I don't have anything to add. I'm not an Incubator administrator, so it's not my decision. ::If anyone creates a request for a new language on Meta, then it will become a matter for the Language committee. ::(Occasionally I think that requests for new languages on Meta and Incubator main pages like [[Wp/jat]] should be merged, but this happened yet. Perhaps it really should be done, but this has to be a completely separate discussion.) [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 15:42, 23 January 2025 (UTC) == Light at the end of the tunnel barnstar == {{Wp/syl/ꠙꠥꠞꠥꠡ꠆ꠇꠣꠞ/ꠀꠡꠣꠞ ꠖꠥꠀꠞ}} Thank you for your dedicated efforts in overseeing Multilingual projects and translations. Your contributions are greatly appreciated! Many thanks! --[[User:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ]] ([[User talk:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|talk]]) 07:59, 9 December 2023 (UTC) == Happy New Year 2024! == [[File:New Year Countdown 2024 in Sylheti.png|thumb|[[Wn/syl/ꠝꠥꠟ ꠙꠣꠔꠣ|ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠈꠛꠞ]]|link=Wn/syl]] 🎉 Wishing you a Fantastic Year Ahead! 🎉 As we step into the fresh pages of 2024, I wanted to send out a massive shoutout to all the amazing [https://meta.toolforge.org/catanalysis/index.php?cat=0&title=Wn/syl&wiki=incubatorwiki editors], [[Incubator:Wn/syl/ꠈꠛꠞꠣꠟꠄ|contributors]], [[Wn/syl/ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠈꠛꠞ:ꠢꠤꠞꠛꠣꠞ ꠖꠦꠈꠤꠀ ꠖꠦꠅꠀ|reviewers]], [[Wn/syl|administrators]], and [[m:Language committee|Langcom members]] who make this platform what it is. Your dedication to [[Incubator:Main_Page|Wikimedia Incubator]] is what keeps it thriving. Here's to another year of breaking stories, collaborative efforts, and expanding our knowledge base. May your 2024 be filled with exciting news, fruitful collaborations, and a multitude of successful projects. Thank you for your hard work, and let's make this year even more fantastic together! Happy New Year! 🎊 ;[[Wn/syl|Sylheti Wikinews Family]] --[[User:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ]] ([[User talk:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|talk]]) 22:55, 2 January 2024 (UTC) == A barnstar for you! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Original Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Thank you, pls assist me with IKalanga, kck [[User:MthulisiNcube|MthulisiNcube]] ([[User talk:MthulisiNcube|talk]]) 16:41, 13 February 2024 (UTC) |} == Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[File:Tireless_Contributor_Barnstar.gif|The Tireless Contributor Barnstar|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Tireless Contributor Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This is long overdue but better late than never. For your tireless support for developing languages and editors, please have this Tireless Contributor Barnstar [[User:Amire80|Amire80]]. Thanks a mil+! [[User:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[User talk:Kambai Akau|talk]]) 14:14, 21 May 2024 (UTC) |} == Betawi Wikipedia namespaces == For Wikipedia and Wikipedia talk namespaces, aren't they supposed to be Wikipédi and Kongko Wikipédi to match the language edition's name? [[User:Swarabakti|Swarabakti]] ([[User talk:Swarabakti|talk]]) 20:18, 7 July 2024 (UTC) :Indeed. I mentioned it in Phabricator (the bug tracking tool): https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866#9961081 [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 14:01, 8 July 2024 (UTC) ::Has it been done? [[User:Swarabakti|Swarabakti]] ([[User talk:Swarabakti|talk]]) 11:11, 4 September 2024 (UTC) :::It was, but probably incompletely, so you don't see it yet. I'll try to make sure it's done completely some time soon. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 00:28, 5 September 2024 (UTC) :::: This was finally done completely. [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|talk]]) 22:22, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == Is importing of tcywikisource finished? == Can you please verify that [[Special:Diff/6466133|this edit]] is correct (i.e., that the importing of that wiki really is complete)? - [[User:Dcljr|dcljr]] ([[User talk:Dcljr|talk]]) 00:42, 21 November 2024 (UTC) :Yes, finished, thanks for updating. I'm newish to imports :) [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 00:53, 21 November 2024 (UTC) == Даргинская Википедия == Доброго времени суток! Я не могу найти правил для подачи запрос на утверждение основной версии Википедии, могли бы подсказать где это находится? Не для подачи а просто, сейчас начинаем с филфаком ДГУ и многими районными и республиканскими СМИ работу по развитии нащего раздела, и хотел бы знать какие требования мы должны соблюдать, чтобы быть готовым к подаче. Благодарю! [[User:Saad Dargan|Saad Dargan]] ([[User talk:Saad Dargan|talk]]) 20:36, 16 February 2025 (UTC) :Заявка уже подана: [[:m:Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Dargwa]]. Она даже первично утверждена, так что там сейчас делать больше ничего не надо. :Главное, что нужно сделать для окончательного утверждения: :# Писать статьи. Это вы уже делаете, но надо призвать ещё людей. :# Переводить интерфейс на сайте translatewiki.net. У вас там есть учётная запись, и вы уже начали делать правильные вещи, но надо продолжать. Я добавил на вашу [[:translatewiki:User:Saad Dargan|страницу участника там]] список рекомендуемых проектов. Желательно когда-нибудь перевести все проекты в этом списке, но для начала требуется перевести хотя бы первый пункт в списке — самые важные сообщения ("Most important"). :Можно найти ещё советы на странице [[:m:Help:How to start a new Wikipedia/ru]] (она по-русски). [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 21:53, 16 February 2025 (UTC) ::Да, ту заявку подавал я в 14)) Большое Вам спасибо! Людей привлечь вроде получилось, скоро все обсудим со всеми заинтересованными. [[User:Saad Dargan|Saad Dargan]] ([[User talk:Saad Dargan|talk]]) 21:56, 16 February 2025 (UTC) ::Добрый вечер, могли бы пожалуйста помочь с созданием шаблона примечания для инкубатор? Мои примечания уходят в категорию ссылки и превращаются в пустые ссылки. [[User:Saad Dargan|Saad Dargan]] ([[User talk:Saad Dargan|talk]]) 20:08, 17 February 2025 (UTC) :::Можете дать пример, пожалуйста? [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 14:50, 18 February 2025 (UTC) ::::вчера разобрался, получилось оформить, спасибо. остался вопрос где нужно перевести логотип вики и как можно было бы создать более привлекательную главную страницу. как у ногайского инкубатора или у кумыкского [[User:Saad Dargan|Saad Dargan]] ([[User talk:Saad Dargan|talk]]) 19:31, 18 February 2025 (UTC) :::::Перевод логотипа просто напишите тут. Я передам куда надо. :::::Заглавная страница — не самое главное. Гораздо важнее писать статьи. Но если очень хотите, можете переписать код с заглавной станицы, которая вам нравится и поменять ногайский или кумыкский текст на даргинский. К сожалению, более удобного способа сделать это нет. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:40, 19 February 2025 (UTC) ::::::спасибо. Википедия - азадси гIилмула табтар [[User:Saad Dargan|Saad Dargan]] ([[User talk:Saad Dargan|talk]]) 19:52, 19 February 2025 (UTC) :::::::А если вторую часть с большой буквы писать, то «Азадси гӀилмула табтар», да? [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 20:02, 19 February 2025 (UTC) ::::::::да [[User:Saad Dargan|Saad Dargan]] ([[User talk:Saad Dargan|talk]]) 20:03, 19 February 2025 (UTC) :::::::::[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-dar.svg|thumb]] :::::::::Это хорошо выглядит? [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 11:17, 7 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::да, супер! как бы его добавить теперь на страницу [[User:Saad Dargan|Saad Dargan]] ([[User talk:Saad Dargan|talk]]) 11:19, 7 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::Можно просто использовать как любое другое изображение. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 11:25, 7 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::благодарю! [[User:Saad Dargan|Saad Dargan]] ([[User talk:Saad Dargan|talk]]) 11:45, 7 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::по примечания проблема все же не решилась. они отображают шаблон темплейт. я не знаю как интегрировать, чтобы отображалось нормально ::::::::::https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/dar/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F ::::::::::тут пример [[User:Saad Dargan|Saad Dargan]] ([[User talk:Saad Dargan|talk]]) 11:22, 7 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::Надо импортировать каждый из этих шаблонов. К сожалению, как и с заглавной страницей, это не очень легко. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 11:36, 7 March 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::::есть статья где объясняется как это делать? [[User:Saad Dargan|Saad Dargan]] ([[User talk:Saad Dargan|talk]]) 11:44, 7 March 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::::Не уверен, что есть. Может быть @[[User:Putnik|Putnik]] знает? [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 12:01, 7 March 2025 (UTC) == Probably translation updates needed? == Pardon, 9 months ago, you [[Incubator:Community Portal/Archive/2024#Contributions by non-speakers|adopted]] both amendments to [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Manual&diff=prev&oldid=6462307 Help:Manual] and [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Incubator:Policy&diff=prev&oldid=6462310 Incubator:Policy], but no other translation pages got such updates until today. Indeed, they aren't policies/guidelines themselves, as only English pages have actual powers, but shouldn't these be synced to help non-anglophone users know our changes on them? [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 00:13, 26 August 2025 (UTC) :It is indeed necessary, but I am not a translation administrator here. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 05:31, 26 August 2025 (UTC) == Кумыкская Википедия == Здравствуйте, приступил к оживлению языкового раздела, что посоветуете сделать сначала? [[User:Кумнац|Кумнац]] ([[User talk:Кумнац|talk]]) 09:53, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :Просто найти как можно больше людей, которые хорошо знают язык и будут писать статьи, неважно о чём. :Если нужен совет о чём писать, могу дать. :Главное — не шаблоны и картинки, а именно тексты, написанные людьми, знающими язык. :А ещё надо доделать [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?filter=%21translated&action=page&language=kum&group=core-0-mostused перевод самых важных системных сообщений]. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 11:00, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::К сожалению у меня нет опыта в этом во всем, я не знаю как переводить тут https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?filter=%21translated&action=page&language=kum&group=core-0-mostused. ::Остальное я делаю, написал около 40 статей. [[User:Кумнац|Кумнац]] ([[User talk:Кумнац|talk]]) 12:00, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :::Это на самом деле довольно легко. Надо просто создать там учётную запись и переводить. Если что-то не получается, я с удовольствием объясню. Можем встретиться по видео. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 12:08, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::::На сайте нужно зарегистрироваться или войти в свою учётную запись? [[User:Кумнац|Кумнац]] ([[User talk:Кумнац|talk]]) 12:51, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Зарегистрироваться. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 12:53, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::Благодарю, опубликовал 20 переводов, стоит лимит для новичков [[User:Кумнац|Кумнац]] ([[User talk:Кумнац|talk]]) 13:14, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::Я снял ограничение, теперь у вас есть разрешение переводить. :::::::Я очень советую: :::::::# Поменять язык интерфейса на кумыкский нажатием кнопки с языком в верхней части экрана около имени пользователя. :::::::# Почитать руководства для начинающих: :::::::#* [[:translatewiki:Translating:Intro/ru]] :::::::#* [[:translatewiki:Translating:How_to_start/ru]] :::::::После этого можно переводить [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?filter=%21translated&action=page&language=kum&group=core-0 самые важные сообщения]. :::::::Если что-то ещё непонятно, спрашивайте. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 13:30, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Обязательно ли обновлять устаревшие переводы? [[User:Кумнац|Кумнац]] ([[User talk:Кумнац|talk]]) 13:32, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Да, обязательно. :::::::::''Иногда'' случается, что английский текст обновился, а в переводе не надо ничего менять. Тогда можно просто переопубликовать существующий перевод. :::::::::Но почти всегда надо обновить. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 13:34, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Я закончил переводить наиболее важные сообщения, 582/582. Что дальше? [[User:Кумнац|Кумнац]] ([[User talk:Кумнац|talk]]) 18:40, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Ух ты! Очень хорошо. :::::::::::Дальше надо, как я писал в начале, самое главное — писать статьи в Инкубаторе. :::::::::::Кроме того, я очень советую продолжать переводить и в translatewiki. Я добавил на вашу страницу участника [[:translatewiki:User:Кумнац]] список проектов, которые рекомендуется перевести. Я советую, чтобы хотя бы один человек (лучше больше) постоянно переводил проекты из этого списка. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 20:00, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::Так и сделаю [[User:Кумнац|Кумнац]] ([[User talk:Кумнац|talk]]) 03:51, 2 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::Здравствуйте, у меня еще одна радостная новость даже 2. Я перевёл еще один раздел «Расширение ProofreadPage», а также мы написали статьи почти обо всех странах мира. Идем вроде как очень даже хорошо. [[User:Кумнац|Кумнац]] ([[User talk:Кумнац|talk]]) 18:22, 3 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::ProofreadPage — хорошо, но это нужно только для сайтов типа Викитека (Wikisource). Я советую переводить по списку сверху вниз: Codex, Vector, Universal Language Selector, Discussion Tools, и т.д. :::::::::::::Статьи о странах мира — очень хорошо, так держать. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 03:05, 5 February 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::::Здравствуйте. Дописали страны, кроме микрогосударств, всё есть, теперь планируем перейти на столицы, а потом на языки. Хотим добить 1000 статей, а потом уже улучшать их. Посмотрите своим опытным взглядом, как это будет? [[User:Кумнац|Кумнац]] ([[User talk:Кумнац|talk]]) 06:54, 7 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::::Вроде выглядит хорошо. Старайтесь не повторяться просто для количества. Написать «Рим — столица Италии» несложно, но важнее написать что-нибудь про сам город. :::::::::::::::Важнее количество людей, а не статей. :::::::::::::::И ещё — подумайте о том, чтобы написать о вашей собственной культуре. О кумыкских выдающихся людях — поэтах, учителях, политиках. О местах проживания, природе, традициях. Это необязательно, просто совет. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 11:58, 7 February 2026 (UTC) == Advice requested for rebuilding the Rohingya Wp/rhg community == Hello Amire80. I am AB Aziz, a Rohingya speaker contributing as [[User:Abazizro]]. I found your earlier link fix on Wp/rhg and your broader language/new-wiki work. I am consulting the community on a possible Wikimedia Rapid Fund proposal to rebuild the Rohingya Wikipedia Incubator community around one reviewed Hanifi article set, with Rohingyalish used only as an access bridge. Planned outcomes include adult-editor training, referenced articles, Translatewiki localization, and at least five editors retained for 90 days. The proposal is still a draft and no funding has been awarded. Could you review the language-project assumptions or discuss serving as an experienced adviser/trainer? We particularly need guidance on Incubator quality, localization, community consensus, and a realistic pathway toward Language Committee requirements. The role would be a defined training/advisory role subject to grant approval, never payment per edit. If you cannot participate, a referral would be very valuable. Project: [[Wp/rhg]]. [[User:Abazizro|Abazizro]] ([[User talk:Abazizro|talk]]) 22:08, 31 July 2026 (UTC) :Hi! Thank you very much for the question. :I cannot consult about funds at all because I never deal with such things. :translatewiki localization is fairly easy to measure—the requirement for approval is translating the "Most important" messages. At the moment, Rohingya is not enabled on translatewiki, but it's easy to get it enabled: just create an account and ask for it at [[:translatewiki:Support]]. :The general idea of developing the incubator is OK, but I cannot give a lot of advice at such an early stage. I do recommend gaining experience by reading articles and policies in Wikipedia in other languages that you know (English or any other), learning the editing interface and terminology, and understanding Wikipedia's principles. After gaining this experience, you can write articles in your language. At first, they don't have to be super-nicely formatted with templates, references, etc., especially if you have any technical difficulties. Just make sure that they are on topics that are relevant to people who read in this language; what "relevant" means is up to you, but if you need suggestions, I can give some. :Another important tip is that while I certainly think that grants are legitimate for kickstarting activity in "small" languages, contributions to Wikipedia shouldn't be seen as just fulfilling the requirements of a grant, but as a long-term commitment to be a volunteer in a community of people who support Wikipedia's ideals—[[:w:en:WP:TFE|free content]], [[:w:en:WP:NPOV|neutrality]], etc. :You can find more tips in [[:m:Help:How to start a new Wikipedia]]. :Ask me if you need more help! [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 23:29, 31 July 2026 (UTC) == IKalanga Language activation == Please help us with the requirements for this language to be activated on wikipedia [[User:MthulisiNcube|MthulisiNcube]] ([[User talk:MthulisiNcube|talk]]) 19:40, 21 September 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:MthulisiNcube|MthulisiNcube]]! Terribly sorry about missing this earlier. :Your activity in the Incubator appears to be quite good. Continue this, and try to recruit more people to write. :You also need to complete the translation of the most used messages in translatewiki. Please use the link to "Most used / Most important" on your user page [[:translatewiki:User:MthulisiNcube]]. You already did 60% of that, so it's not supposed to be too hard to get it to 100% :) [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 01:19, 26 October 2026 (UTC) 6hizdnil6vit09t87tgne7x0t92080w 10 42069 7374757 7359091 2026-10-26T09:05:29Z Wadaihangit 2578757 Add worklist 7374757 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- * Add a new test like this: {{tests/row|project=wb|code=ISO 639-3 (or -1)|english=[English name]|local=[local name]}} ** local name is mostly optional here, unless if 1. your language isn't included in Names.php yet, or 2. The language name that provided by CLDR is inaccurate. ** please use <div style="direction:rtl; text-align:right"></div> for rtl languages. * Order alphabetically per ISO code! * Optional: Use |metarequest= if it has a different name than the Wikipedia article. * Please don't add tests that do not have 25 mainspace pages, or have no activity creation of contents since the beginning of 2024. * Please add |status=active ONLY if your project is very active, means, that your project has ***at least 3, non-bot and non-anonymous, active users*** confirmed by the Catanalysis tool, continuously for at least 3 months (may or may not include this month), click "check wiki activity" for checking. --><noinclude>{{tests/top}}</noinclude> <!--------------- TOP ---------------> {{tests/row|project=wb|code=am|english=Amharic}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=ary|english=Moroccan Arabic|local=<div style="direction:rtl; text-align:right">العربية المغربية الدارجة</div>}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=as|english=Assamese}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=ba|english=Bashkir}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=bcl|english=Central Bikol}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=bew|english=Betawi}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=bhi|english=Bhilali}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=bjn|english=Banjar}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=ckb|english=Central Kurdish}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=ddo|english=Tsez|local=цезйас мец}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=diq|english=Zazaki}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=fj|english=Fijian}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=fur|english=Friulian}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=ga|english=Irish}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=gom|english=Goan Konkani}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=ha|english=Hausa}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=ht|english=Haitian Creole}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=jam|english=Jamaican Creole}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=jv|english=Javanese}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=lv|english=Latvian}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=mnc|english=Manchu|local={{Wp/mnc/MongolUnicode|size=100%|ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡤᡳᠰᡠᠨ}}}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=mni|english=Meitei}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=mnw|english=Mon}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=myv|english=Erzyansky}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=nan|english=Min Nan Chinese}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=nia|english=Nias}}<!-- suggested by langcom talk page, contents look like focus just on Bible, maybe hard to approve unless generally useful in the future --> {{tests/row|project=wb|code=os|english=Ossetic}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=om|english=Oromo}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=pag|english=Pangasinan}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=ps|english=Pashto}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=qwh|english=Ancash Quechua|local=Huaylay}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=rkt|english=Rangpuri|local=রংপুরী}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=rue|english=Rusyn}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=sah|english=Yakut}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=sas|english=Sasak|local=Sasaq}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=sat|english=Santali}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=se|english=Northern Sami}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=skr|english=Saraiki}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=sn|english=Shona}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=so|english=Somali}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=su|english=Sunda}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=syl|english=Sylheti}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=ti|english=Tigrinya}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=udm|english=Udmurt}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=vai|english=Vai|local=ꕙꔤ}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=wal|english=Wolaytta}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=wuu|english=Wu Chinese}} {{tests/row|project=wb|code=yue|english=Cantonese|local=粵文}} <!--------------- BOTTOM ---------------> j8nrpvujzdlpi6m1kbyzfie4gzxl3ei 0 67412 7374339 7359717 2026-10-25T17:09:02Z 261026·0208 2719926 /* */ 7374339 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOEDITSECTION__ __NOTOC__ <div style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:10px;"> =ᨔᨒᨆ ᨆᨈᨆ ᨄᨚᨒᨙ ᨑᨗ ᨓᨗᨀᨗᨀᨆᨘᨔᨘ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ ! = =Salama' mattama' pole ri WikiKamusu' Ugi'!= <span style="color:#555;font-weight:bold; font-size:85%">ᨁᨘᨊᨊ ᨓᨗᨀᨗᨀᨆᨘᨔᨙᨉᨙ ᨀᨘ ᨆᨀᨙᨅᨘ ᨔᨙᨕᨘᨓ ᨀᨆᨘᨔᨘ ᨐᨗ ᨆᨘᨒᨘᨈᨗᨁᨘᨊ ᨆᨘᨒᨘᨈᨗᨅᨔ᨞<br/> ᨆᨀᨚᨀᨚᨓᨙ᨞ ᨃᨊᨗ [[:Category:Wt/bug|<span style="color:green; font-size:115%">{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/bug}}</span>]]</span> Gunana WikiKamusu' ede ku makebu seuwa kamusu yi mulutiguna mulutibasa. Makokowe engkani [[:Category:Wt/bug|<span style="color:green; font-size:90%">{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/bug}}</span>]]</span> <inputbox> type=search width=75 default=Wt/bug/ buttonlabel=Lao searchbuttonlabel= Sappa lémma break=yes </inputbox> <div style="font-size:85%">[ [[Wt/bug/Paŋinriŋ:Maŋéja|Paŋinriŋ:Maŋéja]] ]–[ [[Wt/bug/Wiktionary:Maebbu lémma baru|Maebbu lémma]] ]–[ [[Wt/bug/Wiktionary:Saodenraë|Saodenraë]] ]-[ [[Wt/bug/Wiktionary:Saodénra for non-Buginese speaker|For non-Buginese speaker]] ]</div> </div> <div style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:10px"> '''[[:Category:Wt/bug/bug:Léma|basa Ugi]]''' ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/bug/bug:Léma}})&nbsp;• [[:Category:Wt/bug/mak:Léma|Mangkasa']] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/bug/mak:Léma}})&nbsp;• [[:Category:Wt/bug/id:Léma|Indonésiya]] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/bug/id:Léma}})&nbsp;• [[:Category:Wt/bug/en:Léma|Inggerisi']] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/bug/en:Léma}})</div></div> <p style="line-height: 110%"> <div style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:10px"> '''Masompé:''' [[:Category:Wt/bug|Sininna lémmaé]] <span style="color:#0066B3">•</span> [[Wt/bug/Index:Sininna basaë|Sininna basaé]] <span style="color:#009999">•</span> [[Wt/bug/Wiktionary:Topika|Index topikaé]] <span style="color:#00B366">•</span> [[:Category:Wt/bug/Aliri basaë|Index aliri basaé]] </div> <p style="line-height: 110%"> {| | valign="top" | Wiktionary iyyédé séuwa [[Wt/bug/wiki|wiki]], bettuanna idi weddiŋi mapadécéŋi, nennia sininna lisena ripaleseŋi riwawana [[Wt/bug/GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]ë. Rékko weddiŋi idi mabbaca aksara ugi, pasulléï ''interface''é lao ri[[Wt/bug/aksara ugi|aksara ugi]]. * [[Wt/bug/ᨒᨛᨄ ᨕᨗᨁᨚᨙᨕ|Versi aksara ugi(lontara')]] * [[Wt/bug/Paŋinriŋ:Mita aksara|Paŋinriŋ mita aksaraé]] | width="50%" style="border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0px 10px 5px 10px" | <div align="right"><big> Index</big> [[File:HILLBLU libro.png|30px]] ---- </div> '''Ugi':''' <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-family:Saweri, Code2000, Damase">[[Special:Allpages/ᨀ|ᨀ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨁ|ᨁ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨂ|ᨂ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨃ|ᨃ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨄ|ᨄ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨅ|ᨅ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨆ|ᨆ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨇ|ᨇ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨈ|ᨈ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨉ|ᨉ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨊ|ᨊ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨋ|ᨋ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨌ|ᨌ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨍ|ᨍ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨎ|ᨎ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨏ|ᨏ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨐ|ᨐ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨑ|ᨑ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨒ|ᨒ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨓ|ᨓ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨔ|ᨔ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨕ|ᨕ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨖ|ᨖ]]</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Rumi:''' [[Special:Prefixindex/a|a]] [[Special:Prefixindex/A|A]] [[Special:Prefixindex/b|b]] [[Special:Prefixindex/B|B]] [[Special:Prefixindex/c|c]] [[Special:Prefixindex/C|C]] [[Special:Prefixindex/d|d]] [[Special:Prefixindex/D|D]] [[Special:Prefixindex/e|e]] [[Special:Prefixindex/E|E]] [[Special:Prefixindex/f|f]] [[Special:Prefixindex/F|F]] [[Special:Prefixindex/g|g]] [[Special:Prefixindex/G|G]] [[Special:Prefixindex/h|h]] [[Special:Prefixindex/H|H]] [[Special:Prefixindex/i|i]] [[Special:Prefixindex/I|I]] [[Special:Prefixindex/j|j]] [[Special:Prefixindex/J|J]] [[Special:Prefixindex/k|k]] [[Special:Prefixindex/K|K]] [[Special:Prefixindex/l|l]] [[Special:Prefixindex/L|L]] [[Special:Prefixindex/m|m]] [[Special:Prefixindex/M|M]] </span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> [[Special:Prefixindex/n|n]] [[Special:Prefixindex/N|N]] [[Special:Prefixindex/o|o]] [[Special:Prefixindex/O|O]] [[Special:Prefixindex/p|p]] [[Special:Prefixindex/P|P]] [[Special:Prefixindex/q|q]] [[Special:Prefixindex/Q|Q]] [[Special:Prefixindex/r|r]] [[Special:Prefixindex/R|R]] [[Special:Prefixindex/s|s]] [[Special:Prefixindex/S|S]] [[Special:Prefixindex/t|t]] [[Special:Prefixindex/T|T]] [[Special:Prefixindex/u|u]] [[Special:Prefixindex/U|U]] [[Special:Prefixindex/v|v]] [[Special:Prefixindex/V|V]] [[Special:Prefixindex/w|w]] [[Special:Prefixindex/W|W]] [[Special:Prefixindex/x|x]] [[Special:Prefixindex/X|X]] [[Special:Prefixindex/y|y]] [[Special:Prefixindex/Y|Y]] [[Special:Prefixindex/z|z]] [[Special:Prefixindex/Z|Z]]</span> '''Malloga'<span style="white-space: nowrap;">:</span>''' <span style="white-space: nowrap;">[[Special:Allpages/à|à-ç]] [[Special:Allpages/è|è-ý]] <!--then: þ -->[[Special:Allpages/À|À-Ü]] <!--then: Þ ß --> [[Special:Allpages/Ā|Āā-Řř]] [[Special:Allpages/Ś|Śś-Žž]]</span> <!-- IPA characters --> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Yunani:''' [[Special:Allpages/Ά|Α-Κ]] [[Special:Allpages/Λ|Λ-Σ]] [[Special:Allpages/Τ|Τ-Ω]] [[Special:Allpages/ά|α-θ]] [[Special:Allpages/ι|ι-ρ]] [[Special:Allpages/σ|σ-ω]] [[Special:Allpages/ἀ|Ἀἀ-Ῥῥ]]</span> '''Sirilik<span style="white-space: nowrap;">:</span>''' <span style="white-space: nowrap;">[[Special:Allpages/А|А-Н]] [[Special:Allpages/О|О-Я]] [[Special:ALlpages/а|а-б]] [[Special:Allpages/в|в-г]] [[Special:Allpages/д|д-з]] [[Special:Allpages/и|и-к]] [[Special:Allpages/л|л-м]] [[Special:Allpages/н|н-о]] [[Special:Allpages/п|п]] [[Special:Allpages/р|р-с]] [[Special:Allpages/т|т-ц]] [[Special:Allpages/ч|ч-я(-ә)]] </span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Armenia:''' [[Special:Allpages/Ա|Ա-կ]] [[Special:Allpages/հ|հ-և]]</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Yahudi:''' ‏‏<span dir="rtl">[[Special:Allpages/א|א-ו]] [[Special:Allpages/ז|ז-ל‎]] [[Special:Allpages/מ|מ-צ]] [[Special:Allpages/ק|ק-ת‎]] </span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Ara':''' ‏‏<span dir="rtl">[[Special:Allpages/آ|ا-ب]] [[Special:Allpages/ت|ت-س‎]] [[Special:Allpages/ش|ش-م]] [[Special:Allpages/ن|ن-ی‎]] </span></span> <!--Big block missing because Persian, Syrian, Devangari, Assamese, Thai, Tibetan, Burmese, Georgian, Cherokee, Inuktitut and Khmer are quite short (though Devngari is longer than one page) Then a couple more accented Latin chars?? Then greek breathings (put in the greek section) --> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Jepaŋ:''' [[Special:Allpages/ぁ|ぁ-げ]] [[Special:Allpages/こ|こ-ぱ]] [[Special:Allpages/ひ|ひ-ケ]] [[Special:Allpages/コ|コ-ヶ]] </span> <!-- Ignored Some Illegible Han characters and some Korea ones--> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Aksara Han:''' [[Special:Allpages/一|一]] [[Special:Allpages/促|促]] [[Special:Allpages/冱|冱]] [[Special:Allpages/卙|卙]] [[Special:Allpages/哪|哪]] [[Special:Allpages/圱|圱]] [[Special:Allpages/天|天]] [[Special:Allpages/存|存]] [[Special:Allpages/崃|崃]] [[Special:Allpages/弿|弿]] [[Special:Allpages/愷|愷]] [[Special:Allpages/捇|捇]] [[Special:Allpages/新|新]] [[Special:Allpages/杁|杁]] <!-- Got bored at this point.... about 15 more pages. --></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Korea:''' {{Wt/bug/Hang|[[Special:Allpages/ㄱ|ㄱ]] [[Special:Allpages/가|가]] [[Special:Allpages/나|나]] [[Special:Allpages/다|다]] [[Special:Allpages/라|라]] [[Special:Allpages/마|마]] [[Special:Allpages/바|바]] [[Special:Allpages/사|사]] [[Special:Allpages/아|아]] [[Special:Allpages/자|자]] [[Special:Allpages/차|차]] [[Special:Allpages/카|카]] [[Special:Allpages/타|타]] [[Special:Allpages/파|파]] [[Special:Allpages/하|하]]}}</span> |} ===Poroye'-poroye'na wikimédiaë=== Wikikamusu' é naŋuléi [[Foundation:|''Wikimedia Foundation'']], séuwa ''foundation'' dé'na-saro nadaftara ri [[w:Florida|Florida]], [[w:United States|USA]]. Najamaï to Wikimediaé [[Wt/bug/Wiktionary:Multilingual coordination|''multilingual'']] sibawa ''[[w:Wikipedia:Copyrights|open-content]]'' poroyé' wiki masappo': 독도는 우리땅 <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg | link=w:Main Page | width=35px | height=35px }}</div> [[w:bug:Main Page|'''Wikipedia''']]<br />''Ensiklopedia'' maradéka </div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikibooks-logo.svg | link=wikibooks:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> [[Wt/bug/wikibooks:Main Page|'''Wikibooks''']]<br /> Bobboq na manuala maradéka </div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"><div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:10px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikinews-logo.svg | link=wikinews:Main Page | width=35px | height=21px }}</div> [[Wt/bug/wikinews:Main Page|'''Wikinews''']]<br />Karéba malise maradéka </div> <div style="clear: left"></div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikisource-logo.svg | link=wikisource:Main Page | width=35px | height=39px }}</div> [[wikisource:Main Page|'''Wikisource''']]<br />''Perpustakaan'' maradéka </div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikispecies-logo.svg | link=wikispecies:Main Page | width=35px | height=41px }}</div> [[wikispecies:Main Page|'''Wikispecies''']]<br />Libbok ''spesies'' </div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikiquote-logo.svg | link=wikiquote:Main Page | width=35px | height=41px }}</div> [[Wt/bug/wikiquote:Main Page|'''Wikiquote''']]<br />Libbok ada </div> <div style="clear: left"></div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Commons-logo.svg| link=commons:Main Page | width=35px | height=48px }}</div> [[commons:Main Page|'''Commons''']]<br />Libbok mediya maradéka </div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg | link=meta:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> [[meta:Main Page|'''Meta-Wiki''']]<br />''Penyelarasan'' poroye' Wikimédiya </div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikiversity-logo.svg | link=v:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> '''[[v:|Wikiversity]]'''<br />''Bahan'' aggurung maradéka </div> <br clear="all"> [[Category:Wt/bug]] 9z0sq5jzu4cps7k3ocngma6svn4v50k 7374342 7374339 2026-10-25T17:16:32Z JavaHurricane 2553840 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/261026·0208|261026·0208]] ([[User talk:261026·0208|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Versions111|Versions111]] 7359717 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOEDITSECTION__ __NOTOC__ <div style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:10px;"> =ᨔᨒᨆ ᨆᨈᨆ ᨄᨚᨒᨙ ᨑᨗ ᨓᨗᨀᨗᨀᨆᨘᨔᨘ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ ! = =Salama' mattama' pole ri WikiKamusu' Ugi'!= <span style="color:#555;font-weight:bold; font-size:85%">ᨁᨘᨊᨊ ᨓᨗᨀᨗᨀᨆᨘᨔᨙᨉᨙ ᨀᨘ ᨆᨀᨙᨅᨘ ᨔᨙᨕᨘᨓ ᨀᨆᨘᨔᨘ ᨐᨗ ᨆᨘᨒᨘᨈᨗᨁᨘᨊ ᨆᨘᨒᨘᨈᨗᨅᨔ᨞<br/> ᨆᨀᨚᨀᨚᨓᨙ᨞ ᨃᨊᨗ [[:Category:Wt/bug|<span style="color:green; font-size:115%">{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/bug}}</span>]]</span> Gunana WikiKamusu' ede ku makebu seuwa kamusu yi mulutiguna mulutibasa. Makokowe engkani [[:Category:Wt/bug|<span style="color:green; font-size:90%">{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/bug}}</span>]]</span> <inputbox> type=search width=75 default=Wt/bug/ buttonlabel=Lao searchbuttonlabel= Sappa lémma break=yes </inputbox> <div style="font-size:85%">[ [[Wt/bug/Paŋinriŋ:Maŋéja|Paŋinriŋ:Maŋéja]] ]–[ [[Wt/bug/Wiktionary:Maebbu lémma baru|Maebbu lémma]] ]–[ [[Wt/bug/Wiktionary:Saodenraë|Saodenraë]] ]-[ [[Wt/bug/Wiktionary:Saodénra for non-Buginese speaker|For non-Buginese speaker]] ]</div> </div> <div style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:10px"> '''[[:Category:Wt/bug/bug:Léma|basa Ugi]]''' ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/bug/bug:Léma}})&nbsp;• [[:Category:Wt/bug/mak:Léma|Mangkasa']] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/bug/mak:Léma}})&nbsp;• [[:Category:Wt/bug/id:Léma|Indonésiya]] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/bug/id:Léma}})&nbsp;• [[:Category:Wt/bug/en:Léma|Inggerisi']] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wt/bug/en:Léma}})</div></div> <p style="line-height: 110%"> <div style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:10px"> '''Masompé:''' [[:Category:Wt/bug|Sininna lémmaé]] <span style="color:#0066B3">•</span> [[Wt/bug/Index:Sininna basaë|Sininna basaé]] <span style="color:#009999">•</span> [[Wt/bug/Wiktionary:Topika|Index topikaé]] <span style="color:#00B366">•</span> [[:Category:Wt/bug/Aliri basaë|Index aliri basaé]] </div> <p style="line-height: 110%"> {| | valign="top" | Wiktionary iyyédé séuwa [[Wt/bug/wiki|wiki]], bettuanna idi weddiŋi mapadécéŋi, nennia sininna lisena ripaleseŋi riwawana [[Wt/bug/GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]ë. Rékko weddiŋi idi mabbaca aksara ugi, pasulléï ''interface''é lao ri[[Wt/bug/aksara ugi|aksara ugi]]. * [[Wt/bug/ᨒᨛᨄ ᨕᨗᨁᨚᨙᨕ|Versi aksara ugi(lontara')]] * [[Wt/bug/Paŋinriŋ:Mita aksara|Paŋinriŋ mita aksaraé]] | width="50%" style="border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0px 10px 5px 10px" | <div align="right"><big> Index</big> [[File:HILLBLU libro.png|30px]] ---- </div> '''Ugi':''' <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-family:Saweri, Code2000, Damase">[[Special:Allpages/ᨀ|ᨀ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨁ|ᨁ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨂ|ᨂ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨃ|ᨃ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨄ|ᨄ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨅ|ᨅ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨆ|ᨆ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨇ|ᨇ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨈ|ᨈ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨉ|ᨉ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨊ|ᨊ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨋ|ᨋ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨌ|ᨌ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨍ|ᨍ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨎ|ᨎ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨏ|ᨏ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨐ|ᨐ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨑ|ᨑ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨒ|ᨒ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨓ|ᨓ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨔ|ᨔ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨕ|ᨕ]] [[Special:Allpages/ᨖ|ᨖ]]</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Rumi:''' [[Special:Prefixindex/a|a]] [[Special:Prefixindex/A|A]] [[Special:Prefixindex/b|b]] [[Special:Prefixindex/B|B]] [[Special:Prefixindex/c|c]] [[Special:Prefixindex/C|C]] [[Special:Prefixindex/d|d]] [[Special:Prefixindex/D|D]] [[Special:Prefixindex/e|e]] [[Special:Prefixindex/E|E]] [[Special:Prefixindex/f|f]] [[Special:Prefixindex/F|F]] [[Special:Prefixindex/g|g]] [[Special:Prefixindex/G|G]] [[Special:Prefixindex/h|h]] [[Special:Prefixindex/H|H]] [[Special:Prefixindex/i|i]] [[Special:Prefixindex/I|I]] [[Special:Prefixindex/j|j]] [[Special:Prefixindex/J|J]] [[Special:Prefixindex/k|k]] [[Special:Prefixindex/K|K]] [[Special:Prefixindex/l|l]] [[Special:Prefixindex/L|L]] [[Special:Prefixindex/m|m]] [[Special:Prefixindex/M|M]] </span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> [[Special:Prefixindex/n|n]] [[Special:Prefixindex/N|N]] [[Special:Prefixindex/o|o]] [[Special:Prefixindex/O|O]] [[Special:Prefixindex/p|p]] [[Special:Prefixindex/P|P]] [[Special:Prefixindex/q|q]] [[Special:Prefixindex/Q|Q]] [[Special:Prefixindex/r|r]] [[Special:Prefixindex/R|R]] [[Special:Prefixindex/s|s]] [[Special:Prefixindex/S|S]] [[Special:Prefixindex/t|t]] [[Special:Prefixindex/T|T]] [[Special:Prefixindex/u|u]] [[Special:Prefixindex/U|U]] [[Special:Prefixindex/v|v]] [[Special:Prefixindex/V|V]] [[Special:Prefixindex/w|w]] [[Special:Prefixindex/W|W]] [[Special:Prefixindex/x|x]] [[Special:Prefixindex/X|X]] [[Special:Prefixindex/y|y]] [[Special:Prefixindex/Y|Y]] [[Special:Prefixindex/z|z]] [[Special:Prefixindex/Z|Z]]</span> '''Malloga'<span style="white-space: nowrap;">:</span>''' <span style="white-space: nowrap;">[[Special:Allpages/à|à-ç]] [[Special:Allpages/è|è-ý]] <!--then: þ -->[[Special:Allpages/À|À-Ü]] <!--then: Þ ß --> [[Special:Allpages/Ā|Āā-Řř]] [[Special:Allpages/Ś|Śś-Žž]]</span> <!-- IPA characters --> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Yunani:''' [[Special:Allpages/Ά|Α-Κ]] [[Special:Allpages/Λ|Λ-Σ]] [[Special:Allpages/Τ|Τ-Ω]] [[Special:Allpages/ά|α-θ]] [[Special:Allpages/ι|ι-ρ]] [[Special:Allpages/σ|σ-ω]] [[Special:Allpages/ἀ|Ἀἀ-Ῥῥ]]</span> '''Sirilik<span style="white-space: nowrap;">:</span>''' <span style="white-space: nowrap;">[[Special:Allpages/А|А-Н]] [[Special:Allpages/О|О-Я]] [[Special:ALlpages/а|а-б]] [[Special:Allpages/в|в-г]] [[Special:Allpages/д|д-з]] [[Special:Allpages/и|и-к]] [[Special:Allpages/л|л-м]] [[Special:Allpages/н|н-о]] [[Special:Allpages/п|п]] [[Special:Allpages/р|р-с]] [[Special:Allpages/т|т-ц]] [[Special:Allpages/ч|ч-я(-ә)]] </span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Armenia:''' [[Special:Allpages/Ա|Ա-կ]] [[Special:Allpages/հ|հ-և]]</span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Yahudi:''' ‏‏<span dir="rtl">[[Special:Allpages/א|א-ו]] [[Special:Allpages/ז|ז-ל‎]] [[Special:Allpages/מ|מ-צ]] [[Special:Allpages/ק|ק-ת‎]] </span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Ara':''' ‏‏<span dir="rtl">[[Special:Allpages/آ|ا-ب]] [[Special:Allpages/ت|ت-س‎]] [[Special:Allpages/ش|ش-م]] [[Special:Allpages/ن|ن-ی‎]] </span></span> <!--Big block missing because Persian, Syrian, Devangari, Assamese, Thai, Tibetan, Burmese, Georgian, Cherokee, Inuktitut and Khmer are quite short (though Devngari is longer than one page) Then a couple more accented Latin chars?? Then greek breathings (put in the greek section) --> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Jepaŋ:''' [[Special:Allpages/ぁ|ぁ-げ]] [[Special:Allpages/こ|こ-ぱ]] [[Special:Allpages/ひ|ひ-ケ]] [[Special:Allpages/コ|コ-ヶ]] </span> <!-- Ignored Some Illegible Han characters and some Korea ones--> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Aksara Han:''' [[Special:Allpages/一|一]] [[Special:Allpages/促|促]] [[Special:Allpages/冱|冱]] [[Special:Allpages/卙|卙]] [[Special:Allpages/哪|哪]] [[Special:Allpages/圱|圱]] [[Special:Allpages/天|天]] [[Special:Allpages/存|存]] [[Special:Allpages/崃|崃]] [[Special:Allpages/弿|弿]] [[Special:Allpages/愷|愷]] [[Special:Allpages/捇|捇]] [[Special:Allpages/新|新]] [[Special:Allpages/杁|杁]] <!-- Got bored at this point.... about 15 more pages. --></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap;">'''Korea:''' {{Wt/bug/Hang|[[Special:Allpages/ㄱ|ㄱ]] [[Special:Allpages/가|가]] [[Special:Allpages/나|나]] [[Special:Allpages/다|다]] [[Special:Allpages/라|라]] [[Special:Allpages/마|마]] [[Special:Allpages/바|바]] [[Special:Allpages/사|사]] [[Special:Allpages/아|아]] [[Special:Allpages/자|자]] [[Special:Allpages/차|차]] [[Special:Allpages/카|카]] [[Special:Allpages/타|타]] [[Special:Allpages/파|파]] [[Special:Allpages/하|하]]}}</span> |} ===Poroye'-poroye'na wikimédiaë=== Wikikamusu' é naŋuléi [[Foundation:|''Wikimedia Foundation'']], séuwa ''foundation'' dé'na-saro nadaftara ri [[w:Florida|Florida]], [[w:United States|USA]]. Najamaï to Wikimediaé [[Wt/bug/Wiktionary:Multilingual coordination|''multilingual'']] sibawa ''[[w:Wikipedia:Copyrights|open-content]]'' poroyé' wiki masappo': <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg | link=w:Main Page | width=35px | height=35px }}</div> [[w:bug:Main Page|'''Wikipedia''']]<br />''Ensiklopedia'' maradéka </div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikibooks-logo.svg | link=wikibooks:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> [[Wt/bug/wikibooks:Main Page|'''Wikibooks''']]<br /> Bobboq na manuala maradéka </div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"><div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:10px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikinews-logo.svg | link=wikinews:Main Page | width=35px | height=21px }}</div> [[Wt/bug/wikinews:Main Page|'''Wikinews''']]<br />Karéba malise maradéka </div> <div style="clear: left"></div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikisource-logo.svg | link=wikisource:Main Page | width=35px | height=39px }}</div> [[wikisource:Main Page|'''Wikisource''']]<br />''Perpustakaan'' maradéka </div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikispecies-logo.svg | link=wikispecies:Main Page | width=35px | height=41px }}</div> [[wikispecies:Main Page|'''Wikispecies''']]<br />Libbok ''spesies'' </div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikiquote-logo.svg | link=wikiquote:Main Page | width=35px | height=41px }}</div> [[Wt/bug/wikiquote:Main Page|'''Wikiquote''']]<br />Libbok ada </div> <div style="clear: left"></div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Commons-logo.svg| link=commons:Main Page | width=35px | height=48px }}</div> [[commons:Main Page|'''Commons''']]<br />Libbok mediya maradéka </div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikimedia_Community_Logo.svg | link=meta:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> [[meta:Main Page|'''Meta-Wiki''']]<br />''Penyelarasan'' poroye' Wikimédiya </div> <div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Wt/bug/Click || image=Wikiversity-logo.svg | link=v:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> '''[[v:|Wikiversity]]'''<br />''Bahan'' aggurung maradéka </div> <br clear="all"> [[Category:Wt/bug]] 0q6rwfbjorr730ic23jpn0yda7p7fxw 0 71438 7374327 5721990 2026-10-25T16:36:03Z Thekrow280 2717775 7374327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nog/Баслык}}</div> <div id="accueil_titre">{{Wp/nog/Экинши боьлик}}</div> <div id="accueil_titre">{{Wp/nog/Сайланган макала}}</div> <div id="accueil_titre">{{Wp/nog/Доьртинши боьлик}}</div> <!--Categories--> [[Category:Wp/nog| ]] <!--Interwikis--> [[az:]] [[ba:]] [[crh:]] [[cv:]] [[en:]] [[kaa:]] [[kk:]] [[ky:]] [[ru:]] [[sah:]] [[tk:]] [[tr:]] [[tt:]] [[uz:]] hfnpbf16tfcc19ilwxvna38ute3rf2j 4 102554 7374558 7372175 2026-10-26T02:50:23Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 /* Current requests for test adminship */ 7374558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Incubator:Administrators/top}} <br clear="all" /> {{#switch:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}|sysop|autoconfirmed={{notice|If you see this message box, the page is currently protected.<br />Users who are not currently able to edit this page can provide feedback on candidates for permissions on the [[Incubator talk:Administrators|talk page]].}}|#default=}} === Current requests for adminship === === Current requests for test adminship === {{Shortcut|[[I:RFTA]]|archivelink=I:Administrators/Archive/Test adminship {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} ==== [[User:Arularasan. G|Arularasan. G]] ==== "Wy/ta has been slowly, but steadily and organically expanding towards becoming a full-fledged Wikivoyage sub-domain. There have been verifiable and consistent contributions from multiple users over the past few months, with a surge in the number of articles as well. Being one of the active contributors, I would like to have access privileges of a test admin to avoid often troubling a busy set of community admins. I have gone through the expectations that come with the responsibility and am in full agreement to comply. Thanks in advance.--[[User:Arularasan. G|கு. அருளரசன்]] ([[User talk:Arularasan. G|talk]]) 05:07, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} [[User:Arularasan. G|கு. அருளரசன்]] ([[User talk:Arularasan. G|talk]]) has been contributing to various Wikimedia projects for the past several years, and is quite familiar with the nuances of Wiki editing. He has been a regular and consistent contributor to Tamil Wikivoyage currently in the incubator. His request for Test Adminship is well-founded, and very helpful for the consistent growth and maintenance needs of Wy/ta. I strongly support his request. [[User:Sree1959|Sree1959]] ([[User talk:Sree1959|talk]]) 05:36, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} As a consistent contributor, he is eligible for adminship to support new contributors.-[[User:Neechalkaran|Neechalkaran]] ([[User talk:Neechalkaran|talk]]) 10:49, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Support}} --[[User:Sivakosaran|Sivakosaran]] ([[User talk:Sivakosaran|talk]]) 13:57, 22 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Support}} Experienced Tamil Wikimedian active in many projects. --[[User:Rangan Datta Wiki|Rangan Datta Wiki]] ([[User talk:Rangan Datta Wiki|talk]]) 15:32, 22 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Support}} Active Wikimedian in all Tamil language projects. - [[User:Selvasivagurunathan m|Selvasivagurunathan m]] ([[User talk:Selvasivagurunathan m|talk]]) 18:11, 22 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Support}} -- [[User:Balajijagadesh|Balajijagadesh]] ([[User talk:Balajijagadesh|talk]]) 01:03, 23 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} -i strongly support As a consistent contributor, he is eligible for adminship.-[[User:Neechalkaran|sathiyapaval]] ([[User talk:sathiyapaval|talk]]) ==== Wt/ppl ==== *'''Solicitud de permisos de administrador de pruebas para Wt/ppl (Wikcionario en náhuat) Hola a todos, El proyecto del Wikcionario en náhuat (Wt/ppl) se ha ido expandiendo de forma constante gracias al trabajo de la comunidad, construyendo una base sólida de vocabulario y entradas. Como colaborador activo que encabeza nuestros esfuerzos de documentación, me gustaría solicitar amablemente privilegios de administrador de pruebas para nuestro proyecto (Wt/ppl). Tener estos privilegios nos ayudará a gestionar de manera eficiente el mantenimiento de las páginas, organizar categorías, corregir errores, eliminar páginas incorrectas o duplicadas, y apoyar al gran grupo de miembros de la comunidad y wikimedistas que actualmente están aprendiendo a colaborar y crear entradas. De esta manera, podemos evitar molestar constantemente a los administradores de la comunidad, que suelen estar muy ocupados. He leído las responsabilidades que conlleva este rol y estoy totalmente de acuerdo en cumplirlas. Veo el rol de administrador no como una posición de autoridad, sino como un servicio para apoyar a nuestra comunidad y asegurar que nuestro Wikcionario crezca de manera sana y organizada. Muchas gracias de antemano. — [[User:TimumachtikanNawat|TimumachtikanNawat]] ([[User talk:TimumachtikanNawat|talk]]) 16:58, 13 October 2026 (UTC) ]] ([[User talk:Arularasan. G|talk]]) :{{support}}<nowiki> Como colaborador activo en los proyectos de Wikimedia en El Salvador, apoyo totalmente esta solicitud. Héctor ha estado liderando los esfuerzos de documentación comunitaria y crecimiento de vocabulario para el Wikcionario en náhuat (Wt/ppl) con gran dedicación. Otorgarle los derechos de administrador de pruebas le ayudará enormemente a mantener el proyecto y apoyar a los nuevos colaboradores. ~~~~</nowiki> [[User:MarioVMartinez|MarioVMartinez]] ([[User talk:MarioVMartinez|talk]]) 20:44, 16 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} Apoyo esta solicitud. [[User:ErikaOrellana|ErikaOrellana]] ([[User talk:ErikaOrellana|talk]]) 20:53, 16 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} apoyo total a esta postulacion, es la persona idonea [[User:Tatiana Flores de Constante|Tatiana Flores de Constante]] ([[User talk:Tatiana Flores de Constante|talk]]) 20:56, 16 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} ~~ [[User:ErikaOrdos|ErikaOrdos]] ([[User talk:ErikaOrdos|talk]]) 20:56, 16 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} Apoyo la solicitud ~~ [[User:AliciaMarroquin|AliciaMarroquin]] ([[User talk:AliciaMarroquin|talk]]) 22:59, 16 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} Mi apoyo total a Tamachtiani Hector Martinez [[User:ValerySantillana|ValerySantillana]] :{{support}} Apoyo la solicitud para Tamachtiani Héctor Martínez en la administración del Wikcionario --[[User:Alicia Elena Pacheco Pérez|Alicia Elena Pacheco Pérez]] ([[User talk:Alicia Elena Pacheco Pérez|talk]]) 23:29, 19 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} User shown dedication to Nawat wikimedia projects [[User:Yug|Yug]] ([[User talk:Yug|talk]]) 16:19, 22 October 2026 (UTC) ====Request for Test Wiki admin rights on Tiv Wikipedia (Wp/tiv)==== I am an active contributor and project lead for the TIV Wikipedia. I'd like to request these rights so I can help maintain the wiki and grow content in the TIV language. [[User:MF-Warburg|MF-Warburg]], thank you. [[User:Meritkosy|Meritkosy]] ([[User talk:Meritkosy|talk]]) 09:45, 15 October 2026 (UTC) ==== Request for test admin for Wp/maw ==== I would like to request for adminship to manage the Mampruli Language Wikipedia Incubator """(Wp/maw)""". This is to enable me perform the basic administrator functions such as identifying and merging, redirecting or deleting duplicate articles, monitoring and controlling the activities of vandals among others. I have read the policy on the adminship role and have accepted to comply with everything spelled out. I have served the same role as a test admin before for the Dagbani Wikipedia Incubator which eventually graduated into a full fledged Wikipedia. This has put me in a better position to manage the Mampruli Wikipedia Incubator successfully without having to frequently request for certain things to be done for us in the processes. [[User:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Alhassan Mohammed Awal]] ([[User talk:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|talk]]) 04:48, 21 October 2026 (UTC) === Current requests for bot flags === <!-- Put your request below. new requests at the end, please!--> {{none}} === Other requests === :'''Note: If you want to translate the interface, Translatewiki is the preferred place: [http://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?group=ext-wikimediaincubator here]. For local translations, see [[Incubator:Translation project]]''' <!-- Put your request below. new requests at the end, please!--> {{none}} hl3xlozuoxf5uohzybg5ux03pd6wo9e 7374561 7374558 2026-10-26T02:51:47Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7374561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Incubator:Administrators/top}} <br clear="all" /> {{#switch:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}|sysop|autoconfirmed={{notice|If you see this message box, the page is currently protected.<br />Users who are not currently able to edit this page can provide feedback on candidates for permissions on the [[Incubator talk:Administrators|talk page]].}}|#default=}} === Current requests for adminship === === Current requests for test adminship === {{Shortcut|[[I:RFTA]]|archivelink=I:Administrators/Archive/Test adminship {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} ==== [[User:Arularasan. G|Arularasan. G]] ==== "Wy/ta has been slowly, but steadily and organically expanding towards becoming a full-fledged Wikivoyage sub-domain. There have been verifiable and consistent contributions from multiple users over the past few months, with a surge in the number of articles as well. Being one of the active contributors, I would like to have access privileges of a test admin to avoid often troubling a busy set of community admins. I have gone through the expectations that come with the responsibility and am in full agreement to comply. Thanks in advance.--[[User:Arularasan. G|கு. அருளரசன்]] ([[User talk:Arularasan. G|talk]]) 05:07, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} [[User:Arularasan. G|கு. அருளரசன்]] ([[User talk:Arularasan. G|talk]]) has been contributing to various Wikimedia projects for the past several years, and is quite familiar with the nuances of Wiki editing. He has been a regular and consistent contributor to Tamil Wikivoyage currently in the incubator. His request for Test Adminship is well-founded, and very helpful for the consistent growth and maintenance needs of Wy/ta. I strongly support his request. [[User:Sree1959|Sree1959]] ([[User talk:Sree1959|talk]]) 05:36, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} As a consistent contributor, he is eligible for adminship to support new contributors.-[[User:Neechalkaran|Neechalkaran]] ([[User talk:Neechalkaran|talk]]) 10:49, 9 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Support}} --[[User:Sivakosaran|Sivakosaran]] ([[User talk:Sivakosaran|talk]]) 13:57, 22 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Support}} Experienced Tamil Wikimedian active in many projects. --[[User:Rangan Datta Wiki|Rangan Datta Wiki]] ([[User talk:Rangan Datta Wiki|talk]]) 15:32, 22 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Support}} Active Wikimedian in all Tamil language projects. - [[User:Selvasivagurunathan m|Selvasivagurunathan m]] ([[User talk:Selvasivagurunathan m|talk]]) 18:11, 22 October 2026 (UTC) :{{Support}} -- [[User:Balajijagadesh|Balajijagadesh]] ([[User talk:Balajijagadesh|talk]]) 01:03, 23 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} -i strongly support As a consistent contributor, he is eligible for adminship.-[[User:sathiyapaval|sathiyapaval]] ([[User talk:sathiyapaval|talk]]) ==== Wt/ppl ==== *'''Solicitud de permisos de administrador de pruebas para Wt/ppl (Wikcionario en náhuat) Hola a todos, El proyecto del Wikcionario en náhuat (Wt/ppl) se ha ido expandiendo de forma constante gracias al trabajo de la comunidad, construyendo una base sólida de vocabulario y entradas. Como colaborador activo que encabeza nuestros esfuerzos de documentación, me gustaría solicitar amablemente privilegios de administrador de pruebas para nuestro proyecto (Wt/ppl). Tener estos privilegios nos ayudará a gestionar de manera eficiente el mantenimiento de las páginas, organizar categorías, corregir errores, eliminar páginas incorrectas o duplicadas, y apoyar al gran grupo de miembros de la comunidad y wikimedistas que actualmente están aprendiendo a colaborar y crear entradas. De esta manera, podemos evitar molestar constantemente a los administradores de la comunidad, que suelen estar muy ocupados. He leído las responsabilidades que conlleva este rol y estoy totalmente de acuerdo en cumplirlas. Veo el rol de administrador no como una posición de autoridad, sino como un servicio para apoyar a nuestra comunidad y asegurar que nuestro Wikcionario crezca de manera sana y organizada. Muchas gracias de antemano. — [[User:TimumachtikanNawat|TimumachtikanNawat]] ([[User talk:TimumachtikanNawat|talk]]) 16:58, 13 October 2026 (UTC) ]] ([[User talk:Arularasan. G|talk]]) :{{support}}<nowiki> Como colaborador activo en los proyectos de Wikimedia en El Salvador, apoyo totalmente esta solicitud. Héctor ha estado liderando los esfuerzos de documentación comunitaria y crecimiento de vocabulario para el Wikcionario en náhuat (Wt/ppl) con gran dedicación. Otorgarle los derechos de administrador de pruebas le ayudará enormemente a mantener el proyecto y apoyar a los nuevos colaboradores. ~~~~</nowiki> [[User:MarioVMartinez|MarioVMartinez]] ([[User talk:MarioVMartinez|talk]]) 20:44, 16 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} Apoyo esta solicitud. [[User:ErikaOrellana|ErikaOrellana]] ([[User talk:ErikaOrellana|talk]]) 20:53, 16 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} apoyo total a esta postulacion, es la persona idonea [[User:Tatiana Flores de Constante|Tatiana Flores de Constante]] ([[User talk:Tatiana Flores de Constante|talk]]) 20:56, 16 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} ~~ [[User:ErikaOrdos|ErikaOrdos]] ([[User talk:ErikaOrdos|talk]]) 20:56, 16 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} Apoyo la solicitud ~~ [[User:AliciaMarroquin|AliciaMarroquin]] ([[User talk:AliciaMarroquin|talk]]) 22:59, 16 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} Mi apoyo total a Tamachtiani Hector Martinez [[User:ValerySantillana|ValerySantillana]] :{{support}} Apoyo la solicitud para Tamachtiani Héctor Martínez en la administración del Wikcionario --[[User:Alicia Elena Pacheco Pérez|Alicia Elena Pacheco Pérez]] ([[User talk:Alicia Elena Pacheco Pérez|talk]]) 23:29, 19 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} User shown dedication to Nawat wikimedia projects [[User:Yug|Yug]] ([[User talk:Yug|talk]]) 16:19, 22 October 2026 (UTC) ====Request for Test Wiki admin rights on Tiv Wikipedia (Wp/tiv)==== I am an active contributor and project lead for the TIV Wikipedia. I'd like to request these rights so I can help maintain the wiki and grow content in the TIV language. [[User:MF-Warburg|MF-Warburg]], thank you. [[User:Meritkosy|Meritkosy]] ([[User talk:Meritkosy|talk]]) 09:45, 15 October 2026 (UTC) ==== Request for test admin for Wp/maw ==== I would like to request for adminship to manage the Mampruli Language Wikipedia Incubator """(Wp/maw)""". This is to enable me perform the basic administrator functions such as identifying and merging, redirecting or deleting duplicate articles, monitoring and controlling the activities of vandals among others. I have read the policy on the adminship role and have accepted to comply with everything spelled out. I have served the same role as a test admin before for the Dagbani Wikipedia Incubator which eventually graduated into a full fledged Wikipedia. This has put me in a better position to manage the Mampruli Wikipedia Incubator successfully without having to frequently request for certain things to be done for us in the processes. [[User:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|Alhassan Mohammed Awal]] ([[User talk:Alhassan Mohammed Awal|talk]]) 04:48, 21 October 2026 (UTC) === Current requests for bot flags === <!-- Put your request below. new requests at the end, please!--> {{none}} === Other requests === :'''Note: If you want to translate the interface, Translatewiki is the preferred place: [http://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?group=ext-wikimediaincubator here]. For local translations, see [[Incubator:Translation project]]''' <!-- Put your request below. new requests at the end, please!--> {{none}} 1qoccy4l3nmzift9wnh1isudvxyeoqa 10 117092 7374517 5496253 2026-10-26T01:53:15Z Mano Paiva 1531006 Alteração. 7374517 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOEDITSECTION__<noinclude>[[Category:Wt/yrl/Tetama-itá|yrl]]</noinclude> ==<span style="color:#2554C7;">[[File:OOjs UI-like arrow empty-ltr progressive.svg]] ''Verbo''</span>== [[Category:Wt/yrl]] sdanbgaegkg9gi5wunqkvi4uqtzdf06 7374520 7374517 2026-10-26T01:55:48Z Mano Paiva 1531006 Alteração. 7374520 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOEDITSECTION__<noinclude>[[Category:Wt/yrl/Tetama-itá|yrl]]</noinclude> ===<span style="color:#2554C7;">[[File:OOjs UI-like arrow empty-ltr progressive.svg]] ''Verbo''</span>=== [[Category:Wt/yrl]] iin362x56sleg5fu2htkev6bfo8b1io 3 146006 7374530 7366982 2026-10-26T02:05:22Z MediaWiki message delivery 633333 /* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-44 */ new section 7374530 wikitext text/x-wiki [[/Archive|archives]] == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:39, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #682 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-02. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#681]].<br> Help with [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Translations]].''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Wikidata_Translation_Bot|Wikidata Translation Bot]] - task/s: Automate translation of Item Labels and Descriptions across supported languages and submit them using the official Wikidata API. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Mass-editing policy|Mass-editing policy]] * Closed request for comments: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Rename_PeakFinder_ID_(P3770)|Rename PeakFinder ID (P3770)]] - Property was renamed. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Domain_name_as_data|Domain name as data]] - property [[d:Property:P13337|domain name (P13337)]] was created. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group event series on the Wikidata Graph Split project. Our first event will include guests from the Wikidata Search team to discuss the recent graph split project. Join us Tuesday, June 3, 2025 at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST (Time zone converter). Please see our [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/GraphSplit project page] for more information and Zoom links. ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #77 June 9 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Q61752245|Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]] ** Revitalizing UK History #June 7 Time 16:00 UTC [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Revitalizing_UK_History Revitalizing UK History] * Just missed it? ** Wikidata and Sister Projects: [[d:Event:Wikidata_and_Sister_Projects#Sessions|full day videos and presentation slides are being made available on the program page]]. ** [https://wikimedia.es/evento/concurso-coordinate-me-2025-online/ Coordinate Me 2025], the contest to add [[d:Property:P625|geographic coordinates (P625)]] for countries with low representation has ended. Who will be declared winner? ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://osl.hypotheses.org/16774 Wikidata promotes Sister Projects through interwiki links] SLUB Open Science Lab writer Jens Bemme has put together a comprehensive article covering the recent online event and many examples of Wikidata being used. * Papers ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.21693 MAKIEVAL: A Multilingual Automatic Wikidata-based Framework for Cultural Awareness Evaluation for LLMs] By Zhao et al., (2025) - This paper presents MAKIEVAL, a framework for evaluating cultural awareness in LLMs across languages, showing that models exhibit stronger cultural awareness when prompted in English. ** [https://www.arxiv.org/pdf/2505.19971 Conversational Lexicography: Querying Lexicographic Data on Knowledge Graphs with SPARQL through Natural Language] By Sennrich & Ahmadi (2025) - This paper develops a natural language interface for retrieving lexicographic data from Wikidata, creating a taxonomy and dataset, and evaluating language models, with GPT-3.5-Turbo showing the best generalization despite scalability challenges. ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.23461 UAQFact: Evaluating Factual Knowledge Utilization of LLMs on Unanswerable Questions] By Tan et al., (2025) - This paper introduces UAQFact, a bilingual dataset for evaluating LLMs on unanswerable questions, showing that models struggle to fully utilize stored factual knowledge even with external support. * Videos ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=NC6zkOznAeM Listful Thinking:Using Wikidata to support editing workflows] By Dr Thneed ** (French) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sdsPS8Af6YE Using Wikidata to gain visibility on the internet?] By Nelly Darbois ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=BY_2T6yB56Q How to create a SPARQL Query to search Wikidata Item Description] By vlogize ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1j6pHOBRqt0 Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata tutorial for the subject of Virreinal Art] By Luis Alvaz ** [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLduaHBu_3ejPiMknpyQFM43rivJbn33Ff&si=F7kedfs1h48e-xQ7 Wikidata and Sister Projects (YouTube Playlist)] - full daily recordings from the Wikidata and Sister Projects event. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://github.com/brawer/wikidata-qrank Wikidata Qrank] is a ranking signal for Wikidata entities. It gets computed by aggregating page view statistics for Wikipedia, Wikitravel, Wikibooks, Wikispecies and other Wikimedia projects. For example, according to the QRank signal, the fictional character Pippi Longstocking ranks lower than Harry Potter, but still much higher than the obscure Äffle & Pferdle. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://www.should-i-watch-this.com Should I watch this?] - Enter a film title or IMDb ID to get a recommendation, uses data from Wikidata. * Job Openings - want to help shape the future of Wikidata or Wikibase? ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/56640059/Software-Engineer-Wikidata-all-genders-?jobDbPVId=220899039&l=en Software Engineer (Wikidata)] ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/55063868/Staff-Engineer-Wikidata-all-genders-?jobDbPVId=209936577&l=en Staff Engineer (Wikidata)] ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/56244967/UX-Designer-Wikibase-Cloud-all-genders-?jobDbPVId=216209752&l=en UX Designer (Wikibase Cloud)] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P13589|‎reason for no value]] (<nowiki>qualifier property to be used with statements having the object "no value", given to provide a reason for "no value"</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P13593|cosplay of]] (<nowiki>characters that are cosplayed in this image or video</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13590|espn.com soccer team ID]], [[:d:Property:P13591|‎Yale LUX ID]], [[:d:Property:P13592|Židovski biografski leksikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P13594|verkiezingsuitslagen database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13595|Norwegian soldier register 1940 ID]], [[:d:Property:P13596|Polish Music Library PBM ID]], [[:d:Property:P13597|‎MCW-PL article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UK Mutual Registration Number|UK Mutual Registration Number]] (<nowiki>identifier for an organisation in the UK's Mutuals Public Register</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scilit organization ID|Scilit organization ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/paleo.ru person ID|paleo.ru person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Assemblée nationale du Québec non-élu|identifiant Assemblée nationale du Québec non-élu]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ThinkyGames genre ID|ThinkyGames genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letopis of MSU person ID|Letopis of MSU person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MAI person ID|MAI person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/istina.msu.ru journal ID|istina.msu.ru journal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MultimediaWiki page ID|MultimediaWiki page ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Submarine Cable Map ID|Submarine Cable Map ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nederlands Film Festival person ID|Nederlands Film Festival person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CTS URN|CTS URN]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scientific heritage of Russia person ID|Scientific heritage of Russia person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Virtual necropolis of Ukrainian emigration person ID|Virtual necropolis of Ukrainian emigration person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Russian Cycling Federation person ID|Russian Cycling Federation person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Memories of the Gulag and Their Authors person ID|The Memories of the Gulag and Their Authors person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yandex Books author ID|Yandex Books author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Theatre museums of Russia person ID|Theatre museums of Russia person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Reabilitovani istoriyeyu person ID|Reabilitovani istoriyeyu person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CARLA ID|CARLA ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Boosty author ID|Boosty author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/ELXS All lexemes in Minangkabau (sorted chronologically by their entry time)] ** [https://w.wiki/EMbF Film Directors who are still alive] * Schema examples: ** * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Status_updates/Next WikiProject WordNet] * WikiProject Highlights: ** * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]:[[Wikidata:Database reports/Most linked category items|list of the most linked category page items]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]:[[d:Q18407657| Captain America: Civil War (Q18407657)]] - 22016 film by Anthony and Joe Russo * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1250690|(L1250690) spegnere (L1250690)]] - Italian verb "switch off" or "to die" ''' Development ''' * Vector 2022 skin: We enabled dark mode for Items, Properties and Lexemes on Wikidata ([[phab:T389330]]) * Mobile statement editing: We are continuing with the technical investigation. * Diffs: We merged a volunteer patch by Matěj Suchánek to format quantity diffs a bit more sensibly ([[phab:T394585]]) * Search in the UI: We enabled the new search on https://test.wikidata.org and https://wikidata.beta.wmflabs.org. It lets you easily search in other entity types as well now, not just Items. Please give it a try. * Wikibase REST API: We are continuing the work on integrating simple search, specifically phrase matching ([[phab:T389011]]) * Query Service: We are working on an experiment to add a small dialog to inform people about alternative access methods for very simple queries that don't require SPARQL ([[phab:T391261]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:16, 2 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28806202 --> == Tech News: 2025-23 == <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:51, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:33, 9 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-24 == <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:13, 10 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue V, May 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Enhancing the LGBTQ+ content in Albanian Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Video resource on Wikimedia Brasil and Casa de Oswaldo Cruz Partnership Released * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: SPRINGing back activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library of the CR events and important guests * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Europe report|Europe report]]: DARIAH DHwiki WG coming activity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM project starts with Nanda Talukdar Foundation at Jorhat, Assam * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Wiki Month 2025 in Indonesia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From charts to concrete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Traditional Albanian Food Photography Competition 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update from Auckland Museum; Let the Wikifying Commence; Listful Thinking * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Architectural Folklore Campaign Series * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Celebrating Museums and strengthening #1Lib1Ref connections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Some news from Spain * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Museum Day 2025; CoCreation PTT-Archive; Scoring Girls * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: The 18th language * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring GLAM news from Ukraine – first major survey for GLAM institutions & yet another successful #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: May meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Preparing the data upload * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:00, 10 June 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28809506 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #683 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-10. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#682]].<br> Help with [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Translations]].''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Coinhote|Coinhoe]] - RfP scheduled to end after 10 June 2025 23:49 (UTC) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: New Linked Data for Libraries [[d:Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group event series on the Wikidata Graph Split project. Our second event will be a conversation with Daniel Mietchen and Lane Rasberry about [https://scholia.toolforge.org/ Scholia], the Wikidata frontend which generates and presents scholarly profiles based on WikiCite content. They'll speak to Scholia's current state and roadmap, with consideration for the recent Wikidata graph split. Tuesday, June 10, 2025 at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST. More info and Zoom links: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/GraphSplit|project page]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://github.com/trokhymovych/wikidata-vandalism-detection Graph-Linguistic Fusion: Using Language Models for Wikidata Vandalism Detection]: resources to reproduce training and evaluation procedure for the paper Graph-Linguistic Fusion: Using Language Models for Wikidata Vandalism Detection ** [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EyInxNXvz3rmmlTeYOKg6Sr5EKG--4mzBXlaz_HhYRY/edit?usp=sharing Cataloguing guidelines for representing the Memory of the World International Register on Wikidata] Google Doc to shape the process of a coming data upload: comments are open. ** [https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/GLAM/Newsletter/May_2025/Contents/Memory_of_the_World_report GLAM:Memory of the World Report:] Hannah Drummen at UNESCO, alongside data expert Martin, has completed a structured dataset of 496 International Register items, ready for bulk upload to Wikidata in June, with an aim to enhance accessibility and define best practices for future updates. ** [[d:outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May_2025/Contents/Biodiversity_Heritage_Library_report|Wikidata QID updates to BHL catalogue]]: The BHL Lead Developer, Mike Lichtenberg, is ensuring periodic Wikidata Qid refreshes in the BHL Catalogue, with the working group advising a downloadable post-refresh report for OpenRefine integration, to be sent to the BHL Metacat group for reconciliation by Siobhan or other Wikidata editors. ** [[d:outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May_2025/Contents/Indonesia_report GLAM Wiki|Wikidata training & Datathon in Indonesia]]: Wikimedia Indonesia hosts WikiLatih Wikidata training to enhance skills in editing Indonesian cultural heritage data on Wikidata, while Datathon challenges participants to make the most edits on museum-related topics in Indonesia. * Papers ** [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40481658/ Wikidata for Botanists: Benefits of collaborating and sharing Linked Open Data] By von Mering et al., (2025) - This paper explores Wikidata as a multilingual open knowledge base for botany, highlighting its role in connecting botanical information across sources, and calling on the botanical community to enhance its content. ** [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-05200-8 CS-KG 2.0: A Large-scale Knowledge Graph of Computer Science] By Dessí et al., (2025) - This paper introduces CS-KG 2.0, an advanced AI-powered knowledge graph built from 15 million research papers, designed to enhance scientific exploration by structuring and interconnecting vast amounts of computer science literature. * Videos ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHhvcvvFPsA Using the Wiki List tool] - GoogleSheet with formulae for retrieving Wikidata values and writing QuickStatements commands. ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0eGNxqvW89M Introduction to Wikidata] By Robin Isadora Brown and Lane Rasberry ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ijwiYthh6CY Wikidata Editing] By Kusaal Wikipedia Community ** (Portuguese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=UWuRQstMm8E Federating academic SPARQL searches in Wikidata] By Tiago Lubiana ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://phonemes.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Phonemes] This is the web application developed specifically for Wikidata IOLab. In here you can add phonemes to a whole bunch of languages, basing your work on the work that the brazilian students of their national olympiad did while editing Wikipedia. * [https://www.should-i-watch-this.com/Mission%20Imposible/2018 Should I watch this?] is a tool that helps users decide whether a movie or show is worth watching. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' * Newest General datatypes **[[:d:Property:P13598|Guizzi's classification of musical instruments]] (<nowiki>Guizzi's classification system of musical instruments</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13602|single taken from the album]] (<nowiki>indicates the album from which the item is taken</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13599|‎GameSpot platform ID]], [[:d:Property:P13600|‎OberpfalzWiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P13601|‎Private Enterprise Number]], [[:d:Property:P13603|TNT Sports soccer team ID]], [[:d:Property:P13604|‎Fondazione Ragghianti Fototeca image ID]], [[:d:Property:P13605|ROAR ID]], [[:d:Property:P13606|‎15min.lt theme ID]], [[:d:Property:P13607|FMJD person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13608|NAQ non-elected person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13609|paleo.ru person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13610|‎Sierra Wiki article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New External identifier property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biblioteca Pública|Biblioteca Pública]] (<nowiki><nowiki>{{TranslateThis</nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Libretexts ID|Libretexts ID]] (<nowiki>the world's largest collection of free OER textbooks online</nowiki>) * External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Évêques suisses|identifiant Évêques suisses]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia Galega Universal ID|Enciclopedia Galega Universal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database|Deaf Movie Database]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Affiliated Dissemination of Literacy among Georgians ID|Biographical Dictionary of Affiliated Dissemination of Literacy among Georgians ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Physicians of Georgia ID|Biographical Dictionary of Physicians of Georgia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Athletes of Georgia ID|Biographical Dictionary of Athletes of Georgia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Winemakers of Georgia ID|Biographical Dictionary of Winemakers of Georgia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/matricule number|matricule number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/inn|inn]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Debian Wiki article|Debian Wiki article]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Desura game ID (archived)|Desura game ID (archived)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diccionario de catedráticos españoles de derecho ID|Diccionario de catedráticos españoles de derecho ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/QUDT dimension ID|QUDT dimension ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/ERgB Wikisource transcriptions of texts on the Memory of the World International Register], ([[d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/memory_of_the_world#Wikisource_transcriptions_of_individual_texts|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/4cn2 Bills and coins of Brazilian Real (with pictures)] * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProject]] highlights: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Names/be-tarask Names/Belarusian] - This WikiProject aims to add structured and linguistic data to Wikidata to enable the study of people's names across all time periods, regions, and languages. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q5901134|Ant-Man (Q5901134)]] - 2015 film directed by Peyton Reed ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We are doing initial development focusing on technical investigations and basic UI elements ([[phab:T394292]], [[phab:T394886]]) * Lexemes: We are looking into a rare error when trying to do undo certain Lexeme edits ([[phab:T392372]]) * Watchlist/Recent changes on Wikipedia: We continued working on showing labels instead of IDs in the edit summaries of Wikidata changes that are shown in the watchlist and recent changes of Wikipedia and co ([[phab:T388685]]) * Wikibase REST API: Finishing touches on simple search ([[phab:T383126]]) * Query Service UI: Added experimental popup to point people running very simple queries to other available access methods ([[phab:T391264]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 10 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28846270 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Future self]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #684 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-16. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#683]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/african-wikimedians@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7ZEIMLZEQXFLSXPT2N6FROB2TCMMKVVW/ GLAM Wiki Conference 2025] - Program Call-for-Proposals: Deadline 15 June. ** [[d:Q134950534|COSCUP 2025 (Q134950534)]] [[m:Wikimedia Taiwan/Wikidata Taiwan/COSCUP 2025|Open Street Map x Wikidata Track]] - [[d:Q699543|National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Q699543)]] 9 August - 10 August. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://professional.wiki/en/news/wikibase-faceted-search-released Wikibase Faceted Search Released] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxKWpTQBrqk demo video]) ** [https://github.com/watmildon/DecomissionedAircraftMap DecomissionedAircraftMap] (see tool below) - The Decommissioned Aircraft Map project uses Wikidata to enhance its mapping of historic aircraft by pulling images from linked Wikidata entries. Users can contribute by adding or correcting Wikidata tags on OpenStreetMap, ensuring accurate representation of aircraft locations and visuals. By Watmildon. * Videos: [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=aDVeeym9Dpg Querying Wikidata using tools such as QuickStatements and Petscan] - Wikimedia Community User Group Uganda ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://dataviz.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Visualization]: a visualization tool for Wikidata SPARQL queries * [https://overpass-ultra.us/#map&query=url:https://raw.githubusercontent.com/watmildon/DecomissionedAircraftMap/refs/heads/main/AircraftMap.ultra&m=0.87/0/0 DecomissionedAircraftMap] (as a demonstration of the power of OpenStreetMap into Wikidata): pulls geodata for displayed aircraft from OpenStreetMap and generates thumbnails from linked Wikidata entries. * [http://tiago.bio.br/query-split-tester Query split tester] (Beta): webtool to see the impact on the graph split on your SPARQL query. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Nominations for the [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tools Award]] 2025 are open. Nominate your favorite tool! Nominations are due by the 25th of this month already. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' * Newest General datatypes **[[:d:Property:P13612|‎breed belongs to taxon]] (<nowiki>taxon to which members of this breed (or these breeds) belong</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13611|CARLA ID]], [[:d:Property:P13613|Enciclopedia Galega Universal ID]], [[:d:Property:P13614|ThinkyGames genre ID]] * New External identifier property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/worn on|worn on]] (<nowiki>part of the body where an item of clothing, equipment, or jewelry is worn</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/rewards this type of work|rewards this type of work]] (<nowiki>kind of work for which an award is given</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/sign meaning|sign meaning]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/trailer of|trailer of]] (<nowiki>works that this trailer video represents</nowiki>) * External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Facebook image ID|Facebook image ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DE-BIAS ID|DE-BIAS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Author identifier in FragTrag|Author identifier in FragTrag]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Niedersächsische Personen-ID|Niedersächsische Personen-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FBref match ID|FBref match ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FBref competition ID|FBref competition ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/EKb5 A visual representation of the birthplaces and death places of women medical doctors who qualified in the UK between 1877 and 1914.] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Place_of_birth_to_Place_of_Death_-_arrow_indicator?|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/6RiP Distinct languages of Wikidata Lexemes] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_PCC_EMCO_Wikidata_CoP|EMCO Wikidata CoP]] - EMCO promotes the discovery and use of the world’s knowledge by supporting metadata producers in library and other cultural heritage communities. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q50008|The Times (Q50008)]] - British daily national newspaper based in London * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3348|right (L3348)]] - English adjective (rīt) meaning "opposite of left", "correct/just", or "politically conservative" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing: ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GX3FR7E6ASLEOP7LLKXTYCJ6O34QX3QJ/ Share your feedback on the new prototype that brings statement editing on Items to mobile]. ** We continued base work for making editing statements on mobile possible. * Simple search is now available in the Wikibase REST API! You can find information and leave feedback [[d:Wikidata talk:REST API feedback round|here]]. * Lexemes: We’re working on a WikibaseLexeme error that happens when trying to revert the deletion of a form that was already undeleted ([[phab:T392372]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:28, 16 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28856554 --> == Tech News: 2025-25 == <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:35, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Growth News #34 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Growth team logo - Icon only.svg|right|frameless|class=skin-invert]] ''A quarterly update from the Growth team on our work to improve the new editor experience.'' === Mentoring new editors === In February, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Mentorship 2|Mentorship]] was successfully rolled out to 100% of newcomers on English Wikipedia. Following this milestone, we collaborated with Spanish Wikipedia to expand Mentorship coverage to 70% of new accounts, with plans to reach 85% soon unless concerns are raised by mentors. ([[phab:T394867|T394867]]) === “Add a Link” Task – Iteration and Experimentation === Our efforts to improve and scale the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link|“Add a Link” structured task]] continued across multiple fronts: * '''Community Feedback & Model Improvements''': We’ve responded to community concerns with targeted changes: ** Restricting access to newer accounts ([[phab:T393688|T393688]]) ** Some links types were removed to align with recommendations written in the English Wikipedia Manual of Style ([[phab:T390683|T390683]]) ** Allowing communities to limit “Add a Link” to newcomers ([[phab:T393771|T393771]]) ** The model used to suggest the links was improved to ease its training ([[phab:T388258|T388258]]) * '''English Wikipedia rollout and A/B test''': We increased the rollout to 20% of newcomers, with analysis underway. Preliminary data suggests this feature makes new account holders more likely to complete an unreverted edit. ([[phab:T386029|T386029]], [[phab:T382603|T382603]]) * '''Surfacing Structured Tasks''': An experiment where we show “add a link” suggestions to newly registered users while they are reading an article is running on pilot wikis (French, Persian, Indonesian, Portuguese, Egyptian Arabic). Initial results are under analysis. ([[phab:T386029|T386029]]) === Newcomer Engagement Features === * '''“Get Started” notification''': Engineering is in progress for a new notification (Echo/email) to encourage editing among newcomers with zero edits. Early research shows this type of nudge is effective. ([[phab:T392256|T392256]]) * '''Confirmation email:''' We are exploring ways to simplify and improve the initial account confirmation email newly registered users receive. ([[phab:T215665|T215665]]) === Community Configuration Enhancements === Communities can now manage which namespaces are eligible for Event Registration via [[mw:Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. ([[phab:T385341|T385341]]) === Annual Planning === The Wikimedia Foundation’s 2025–2026 Annual Plan is taking shape. The Growth and Editing teams will focus on the [[metawiki:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2025-2026/Product_&_Technology_OKRs#Contributor_Experiences_(WE1)|'''Contributor Experiences (WE1)''' objective]], with a focus on increasing '''constructive edits''' by editors with fewer than 100 cumulative contributions. === Get Involved === We value your insights and ideas! If you would like to participate in a discussion, share feedback, or pilot new features, please reach out on the relevant Phabricator tasks or [[mw:Talk:Growth|at our talk page]], in any language. ''<small>'''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth team's newsletter]]''' prepared by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|the Growth team]] and posted by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[mw:Talk:Growth|Give feedback]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Growth team updates|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].</small>'' </div> 18:51, 17 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Growth_team_updates&oldid=28750629 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:18, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #685 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-23. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#684]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * Join us for the third [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] event on the Wikidata Graph Split project, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750780800 Tuesday, June 24 at 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST]. We’ll share updates on the Query Service, tools, and SPARQL learning resources. Stanford researchers Shicheng Liu and Sina Jandaghi Semnani will present their Spinach Wikidata Agent, which translates complex questions into SPARQL queries [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/GraphSplit|Project page]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Presentations ** [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15690771 Slides of the panel] ''MediaWiki-based tools and services in Digital Humanities workflows'', part of the DARIAH-EU Annual Event 2025 in Göttingen: (the panel was about Wikibase instances, including Wikidata) * Blogs ** [https://stefan.bloggt.es/2025/06/wer-war-wie-oft-bei-lanz-schoener-leben-mit-linked-data/ Who appeared how often on Lanz?] (in German) ** [https://techinformed.com/wikidata-leader-on-open-data-in-age-of-ai/ Wikidata’s Lydia Pintscher on importance of open data in the age of AI] * Papers ** [https://www.psypost.org/scientists-uncover-surprisingly-consistent-pattern-of-scholarly-curiosity-throughout-history/ Scientists uncover surprisingly consistent pattern of scholarly curiosity throughout history] ** [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 ''The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality''] by [[User:Ambrosia10|Ambrosia10]] and colleagues used Wikidata to publicly curate the information. * Videos ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=j8hxYuqCVm4 Holy wells and OpenData - a talk about Wikidata et al.] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ek629n_-2v4&pp=0gcJCfwAo7VqN5tD Wikidata Graph Split - Writing an FAQ] - By Tiago Lubiana ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=mI9KmLI_NNA Taller introducción a Wikidata - Erika Guetti Suca] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2177TktBLok Wikidata Lab XLV: Quick Statements 3.0 - Part II] By Wikimedia Brasil ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=W74pw00i4IQ ¿Qué es Wikidata y cómo se edita?] By Wikimedia Colombia ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://femiber.upf.edu/ FEMIber]: a digital humanities tool that uses structured data aligned with Wikidata principles to document and analyze how women are represented in medieval Iberian chronicles. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13615|The Memories of the Gulag and Their Authors person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13616|Debian Wiki article]], [[:d:Property:P13617|UK Parliament bill ID]], [[:d:Property:P13618|CPJ topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13619|Desura game ID (archived)]], [[:d:Property:P13620|Diccionario de catedráticos españoles de derecho ID]], [[:d:Property:P13621|Swiss Bishops ID]], [[:d:Property:P13622|KNDB person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13623|MAI person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13624|necropolis.uinp.gov.ua person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/état|état]] (<nowiki>state of the matrix while printing</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Russian Federal Tax Service ID|Russian Federal Tax Service ID]] (<nowiki>identifier of Russian Tax Service for people or organization</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/donation URL|donation URL]] (<nowiki>official URL for making donations to the subject</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ukrainian Memorial person ID|Ukrainian Memorial person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Memorial Platform person ID|Memorial Platform person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Klimadashboard.de region ID|Klimadashboard.de region ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Taiwan Central News Agency News topic id|Taiwan Central News Agency News topic id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant HAL d'une collection|identifiant HAL d'une collection]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CoreTennis.net player ID|CoreTennis.net player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant sujet du dictionnaire biographique du Canada|identifiant sujet du dictionnaire biographique du Canada]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AMNH entity ID|AMNH entity ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/nasljerseys.com player ID|nasljerseys.com player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Portal Decentralization hromada ID|Portal Decentralization hromada ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Portal of united hromadas of Ukraine hromada ID|Portal of united hromadas of Ukraine hromada ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archive of Our Own story ID|Archive of Our Own story ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/rada.info council ID|rada.info council ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/International Tennis Federation player ID|International Tennis Federation player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Confederation of African Tennis player ID|Confederation of African Tennis player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artvee artwork ID|Artvee artwork ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/EKb5 Place of birth to Place of Death - arrow indicator] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Request_a_query source]) ** [https://w.wiki/tZJ Map with place of birth and years of cartographers] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Place_of_birth_to_Place_of_Death_-_arrow_indicator?|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Personal_Collections WikiProject Personal Collections] - The WikiProject Personal Collections aims to develop standardized terms, multilingual ontologies, and best practices for consistently describing personal collections and archives on Wikidata. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q484365|David Duchovny (Q484365)]] - American actor and writer * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L183915|газ (L183915)]] - Russian noun (ɡas) meaning "gas (physical state)", "natural gas", or "accelerator pedal" ''' Development ''' * Query Service: It is now possible to download query results in Wikidata Query Service that include coordinates as GeoJSON (KML & GPX should also be available soon). Thanks to Atom.oil.2 for the patch. ([[phab:T216601]]) * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: We are continuing the work on improving how Wikidata changes show up in watchlist and recent changes, specifically showing labels instead of IDs in the future. ([[phab:T388685]]) * Search: We enabled the new search box that makes it easier to search in Properties, Lexemes and EntitySchemas as well. We are working on minor fixes based on feedback. * Mobile statement editing: We are working on showing the first statements in the new way - mostly tech demo and nothing to see yet ([[phab:T394886]]) * Federation: We are looking into measuring and better understanding queries that use SPARQL federation. * REST API: We continued working on prefix search for Items in the API ([[phab:T388209]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Norway|Norway]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Current issue]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:11, 23 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28856554 --> == Tech News: 2025-26 == <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:17, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == ''The Signpost'': 24 June 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/News and notes|Happy 7 millionth!]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/In the media|Playing professor pong with prosecutorial discretion]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Disinformation report|Pardon me, Mr. President, have you seen my socks?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Recent research|Wikipedia's political bias; "Ethical" LLMs accede to copyright owners' demands but ignore those of Wikipedians]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Traffic report|All Sinners, a future, all Saints, a past]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/News from Diff|Call for candidates is now open: Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Opinion|Russian Wiki-fork flails, failing readers and editors]] * Debriefing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Debriefing|EggRoll97's RfA<sup>2</sup> debriefing]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Community view|A Deep Dive Into Wikimedia (part 3)]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-06-24/Comix|Hamburgers]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 02:31, 24 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=28849846 --> == This Month in Education: June 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 6 • June 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague|Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program|Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota|Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT|Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children|PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College|Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June|Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival|Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 07:19, 27 June 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=28903832 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #686 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-06-30. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#685]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** 8-11 September: [https://openrefine.org/blog/2025/06/10/OpenRefine-2025-Barcamp OpenRefine Barcamp] - fully virtual, registrations and call for sessions are open ** [[d:Event:WikidataCon_2025|WikidataCon 2025]] returns this year on the theme of Connecting People through Linked Open Data...on the links below you can *** [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|Register to the event]] to get updates and news *** Submit now, the [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp Call for Proposals is open!] ** [https://www.hsozkult.de/event/id/event-155988 Wikidata for Jewish Studies], a hands-on Wikidata workshop at the Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz from September 8-9, 2025. (Registration by July 18) ** [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Drop_in_and_Wikidata_-_June_2025 Drop in and Wikidata] - This regular online meeting has moved to the last Thursday of every month. [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/88415120219 Join via Zoom] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/28/visualizing-knowledge-how-indonesians-turn-wikidata-into-stories-that-matter/ Visualizing Knowledge] - how Indonesians turn Wikidata into stories that matter. This article details the efforts and winners of a WM Indonesia organised 30-day competition to create cool visualizations powered through Wikidata. ** [https://www.lpi.org/blog/2025/06/25/openrefine-data-workflow-via-open-source-collaboration/ OpenRefine: Data workflow via open source collaboration] - the Linux Professional Institute interview the project manager of OR, Martin Magdinier, on the journey developing this data manipulation tool. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Jon_Harald_S%C3%B8by/senseItemLabel.js User:Jon Harald Søby/senseItemLabel.js] What it does is that when you add a P5137 statement in a lexeme, it will let you add the lemma as a label to the item in one click, if the item doesn't have a label in that language yet, or if the label is different (very useful for case differences, for instance) ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course Wikidata Ontology Course] has finished its course sessions. The slides for all sessions of the course are available on the course page. Part of participating in the course was to set up a project related to the Wikidata Ontology. Current information on the projects, many of which are continuing after the end of the course is now [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course#Projects available]. If you are interested in one or more of the projects please follow the project, add something to its discussion page, or contribute to it. * [https://wissenschaftlichestellenangebote.com/phd-position-in-history,i18518.html PhD Position in Digital History] at the University of Luxembourg is seeking someone with experience in Wikibase and Linked Open Data. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: none <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/defining Prolog formula|defining Prolog formula]] (<nowiki>Prolog rule expressing the intended logical behavior of a property, for use in ontology formalization and rule-based reasoning.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China|Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China]] (<nowiki>identifier for administrative divisions of People's Republic of China, published by Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ENTSO-E resource type|ENTSO-E resource type]] (<nowiki>ENTSO-E code for type of Power System Resource. Alias: PSR type, electrical aset type</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Film Atlas ID|Film Atlas ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FLBB player ID|FLBB player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MarathonView person ID|MarathonView person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/EYkW UNESCO Memory of the World International Register (now complete up to 2023)] ([[d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/memory_of_the_world|source]]) **[https://w.wiki/EZ9o Largest collections on the MoW International Register] ** [https://w.wiki/EcAw Featured and Good Articles in Korean or Chinese Wikipedia, with no English version] - [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Articles_that_are_GA_or_FA_on_zh_or_ko_wiki_but_not_on_en|source]] ** [https://w.wiki/EcAy Ugandan Female Footballers] - [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Query_on_Ugandan_female_Footballers|source]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Personal_Collections WikiProject Personal Collections] - The WikiProject Personal Collections aims to develop structured, multilingual standards and best practices for describing personal collections and archives on Wikidata. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q170599|Arctic Monkeys (Q170599)]] - English rock band * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L713097|ਸਿਫ਼ਤ (L713097)]] - Punjabi noun (si-fat) meaning "praise/glorification", "virtue", or "attribute" ''' Development ''' * Wikibase REST API: We continued working on Item prefix search ([[phab:T388209]]) and started working on stemming support ([[phab:T397605]]) * Integration in Wikipedia and co: The improved edit summaries are now live on the first wikis (ca, uk, he). We are now showing the labels for linked entities instead of just their IDs ([[phab:T388685]]) * Mobile statement editing: We are continuing working on the basics of showing statements in the new way - nothing useful to see yet ([[phab:T394886]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/New Zealand|New Zealand]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[:d:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:57, 30 June 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28906317 --> == Tech News: 2025-27 == <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:10, 7 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #687 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-067-07. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#686]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Bovlbbot|Bovlbbot]] - Task(s): this bot request asks for admin access (or access to deleted revisions if possible) so it can move the updater task for User:Bovlb/wd-deleted. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Andrebot_3|Andrebot 3]] - Task(s): Fill in historic countries for the settlements, communes, towns and cities of Romania. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! Mark your calendars for our final session of our event series on the Wikidata graph split project and SPARQL skills! We will be diving into the mechanics of federated SPARQL queries and look forward to a hands-on and interactive session exploring how to use the scholarly article query service. Join us Tuesday, July 8th at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST (Time zone converter https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1751990400). Please see our [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/GraphSplit project page] for more information and Zoom links. ** Hackathon announced for Wikimania 2025, Nairobi. Call for Projects is now open! Includes a ''newcomer track'' for first-time participants. Add yourself to the ''[https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2025:Hackathon/Participants_List participants list]'' or see the ''[https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2025:Hackathon/Resources resources page]'' for further event info. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Press ** [https://www.theregister.com/2025/07/04/wikidata_foss_democracy Wikidata: Attempting to bridge FOSS ideals and direct democracy] - by ''The Register'', this article highlights examples of Wikidata serving and powering a growing ecosystem of FOSS projects, outside of Wikipedia. ** (Italian) [https://en.pusc.it/article/wikilib-bibliotecari-romani-e-vaticani WikiLib: Roman+Vatican Librarians compared on Wikidata] - * Blogs ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/13/preserving-indonesian-galleries-libraries-archives-and-museums-glam-assets-through-wikidata-in-glam-wiki-month/ Preserving Indonesian GLAM Assets in Wikidata] - This article documents how Indonesian users collaborated in preserving Indonesian GLAM assets by adding its metadata to Wikidata during [[m:Wikimedia Indonesia/Bulan Wiki GLAM 2025|2025 GLAM Wiki Month]] organized by Wikimedia Indonesia. * Papers ** [[:d:Q135216852|''Linking Challenges for Pseudonyms: The Studies of VIAF, ISNI, Wikidata, Meridian, and Beyond'']] by Charlene Chou * Thesis ** [[:d:Q135208119|The ''Dictionary of Italian contemporary pseudonym writers'' in Wikidata. Methodology and results]]: MA thesis (discussed on 29 May) regarding the systematic addition in Wikidata of all the nearly 500 Italian writers described in a [[:d:Q130597718|biographical dictionary]], with a first introductory part, a second part describing the editing methodology, including the [[:d:Q118455746|authority work]] done both in Wikidata and in some major authority files ([[:d:Property:P396|SBN]], [[:d:Property:P227|GND]], [[:d:Property:P269|IDREF]]) to disambiguate the main homonyms, and a third part analysing through SPARQL queries the data about these writers *** full thesis (in Italian) published in the [https://etd.adm.unipi.it/theses/available/etd-05132025-160428/ University of Pisa thesis repository]; work materials available in the [[:d:User:SaraDeMonaco/Tesi magistrale|Wikidata usersubpage]] of [[:d:User:SaraDeMonaco|Sara De Monaco]]; slides (in Italian) used in the discussion available in [[:commons:File:Presentazione Tesi Magistrale - De Monaco.pdf|Wikimedia Commons]]; related datasets available in [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15474928 Zenodo] * Videos ** (mostly Italian, with some parts in English) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QdTYnBPEn4 ''Wikidata & Research'' International Conference] (video of 5 June session) - held at the University of Florence 5-6 June 2025, the conference touched on role of Wikidata in academic research (cf. [[m:Wikidata_and_research|Wikidata and research]]]), building on past initiatives such as [[:d:Wikidata:Events/Wikidata Days Bologna 2024|Wikidata Days Bologna 2024]]. ** (Portuguese) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2f3jg8LiFs How to add Wikidata-powered Infoboxes to Wikipedia] - a short tutorial video from the University of São Paolo Institute of Mathematics and Statistics. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [[d:User:Kod_B/ArchiveExternaLinks.js|User:Kod B - ArchiveExternaLinks.js]] This script automatically archives external links found in the statements of Wikidata items, in order to improve source durability and reduce the risk of broken links (link rot), similar to what already exists on Wikipedia. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * What belongs where in the Wikibase Ecosystem? There is ongoing research to better understand what people are currently thinking about this and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/BUMGCMKFFNMJQVZXD4K6Z23LLBHAHCCT/ you can take part by sorting some scenarios]. * How to properly cite a Newspaper article? [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#What's_the_right_way_to_cite_a_newspaper_article?|Project Chat discussion]]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13625|QUDT dimension ID]], [[:d:Property:P13626|istina.msu.ru journal ID]], [[:d:Property:P13627|Niedersächsische Personen ID]], [[:d:Property:P13628|Submarine Cable Map ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MediaWiki page revision ID|MediaWiki page revision ID]] (<nowiki>ID for a MediaWiki wiki revision, Wikimedia projects should use {{P|7569}}</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/applies if VIN matches regular expression|applies if VIN matches regular expression]] (<nowiki>this statement is only true if the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) of a vehicle matches this regular expression</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cadastral areas|Cadastral areas]] (<nowiki>List of cadastral areas of municipality</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/settlement classification|settlement classification]] (<nowiki>settlement classification</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Modern Shrine Ranking|Modern Shrine Ranking]] (<nowiki>Rank in the [[Q712534|Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines]]</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Divine Rank|Divine Rank]] (<nowiki>The [[Q11591025|Shinkai (divine rank)]] of a Shrine</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Engishiki celebration category|Engishiki celebration category]] (<nowiki>Celebration category mentioned in the engishiki</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Engishiki Rank|Engishiki Rank]] (<nowiki>Rank of a shrine in the Engishiki Jinmyocho.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Honji Buddha|Honji Buddha]] (<nowiki>Buddha that this kami is identified with</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Suijaku Kami|Suijaku Kami]] (<nowiki>Kami that this Buddha is believed to have manifested as</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Generation MSX d'une société ou d'un groupe de démo|identifiant Generation MSX d'une société ou d'un groupe de démo]] (<nowiki>company or demo group identifier in the Generation MSX database of MSX videogames</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Knowledge Graph for Irish History ID|Knowledge Graph for Irish History ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Library of Uruguay book ID|National Library of Uruguay book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kokugakuin University Shrine Database ID|Kokugakuin University Shrine Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Observer tag|Observer tag]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Observer contributor ID|Observer contributor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Geoguessr ID|Geoguessr ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/EcBz Uganda's hydropower plants] ([https://x.com/kateregga1/status/1939789382099071298 source]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]] [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Postcards|Postcards]] was created, including a list of project-specific [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Postcards/Queries|Queries]] * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Type_watchlist|GovDirectory]] added a Type watchlist. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Taiwan/GLAM/Library_List|WikiProject Taiwan]] added a Library List. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Abuse_filter_effectiveness|Abuse Filter effectiveness]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q2740012|Stefan Löfven (Q2740012)]] - Swedish politician, Prime Minister of Sweden between 2014–2021 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L453737|sterk (L453737)]] - Norwegian Bokmål adjective (stæʁk) meaning "strong", "intense", or "durable" ''' Development ''' * Wikibase REST API: We finished the Item prefix search ([[phab:T388209]]). It'll go live later when we are also done with the Property prefix search. * Search: We are fixing a bug when pasting into the new search box ([[phab:T397608]]) * Mobile statement editing: We are working on basic viewing of statements ([[phab:T394886]]) - nothing useful to see yet * Dumps: There was an issue with the last dumps not being generated. The Data Platform SRE team is looking into it ([[phab:T398756]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Austria|Austria]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[:d:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:43, 7 July 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28906317 --> == Tech News: 2025-28 == <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:01, 8 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VI, June 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating Communication History and Women Artists through Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day in Europe 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Expanding Data on Maranhão's Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: First call of Science Month at Wikipedia in the Czech Republic wrapped-up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/France report|France report]]: WiR and science&GLAM tour in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Another publication from Grant for GLAM Indonesia program & Minangkabau Wikisource Competition upadates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Isoseismals & Icons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Celebrating Albanian Cuisine Through Photography: Winners of the 2025 Contest Announced! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Open Cultural Data Hackathon in Puebla * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikifying the International Congress of History of Science and Technology; Librarians and Wikipedia; NZ species edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Mapping Heritage Buildings on Wikidata and Wiki Heritage Fellowship * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Strengthens Ties with Academic Institutions: A Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Institute of Macedonian Literature * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Registration is now open for GLAM WikiCon 2025! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: June highlights from Wikimedia Serbia and beginning of new accredited seminar * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Archives Week 2025; SAPA Performing Arts; GLAM Meeting Biel/Bienne * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New Featured Pictures * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: June meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL Transition update, LivingData2025 and Women Genera paper * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Data upload achieved * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Wiki Knowledge Park report|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 report]]: Celebrating Heritage and Faith: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:35, 12 July 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28966332 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> ---[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:44, 14 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28945528 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #688 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-07-14. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#687]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for Oversight permissions: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Oversight/Jianhui67|Jianhui67]] (RfP scheduled to end at 27 July 2025 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753623000 13:28 UTC]) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1752681600 16:00 UTC], 16th July 2025 (18:00 Berlin time) in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[m:WikiIndaba_conference_2025/Submissions|Submit Your Program Proposal for WikiIndaba 2025 by 20th July]]. Apply for a scholarship to attend the event [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform here]. ** Wikimania 2025 Hackathon kicks off on Tuesday, 5 August and a dedicated workspace will be available throughout the conference until Saturday, 9 August. Have a technical idea, tool, or project you want to build during the hackathon? Submit it now and start connecting with collaborators! Add your project [[m:https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2025:Hackathon/Project_Submissions|here]]. ** WikiCite 2025 will take place from Friday 29th to Sunday 31st of August! in Bern (Switzerland) and online! See the draft program [[m:WikiCite 2025/Programme|here]]. ** [[:d:Q134520038|2025 LD4 Conference: Linked Data in the Real World]] ([https://sites.google.com/view/2025-ld4-conference/home website]; [https://2025ld4.sched.com/list/simple schedule and registration]; [https://www.youtube.com/@LD-gy6jv streaming on Youtube]), 28th-30th July 2025, virtually on Zoom; many Wikidata-related sessions: *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753723800 July 28, 2025 1:30pm - 2:30pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOA/has-this-been-done-before-exploring-wikidata-projects-through-diff-and-tmig-archives ''Has This Been Done Before? Exploring Wikidata Projects Through Diff and TMIG Archives''] by Silvia Gutierrez (workshop) *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753808400 July 29, 2025 1:00pm - 2:00pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOk/wikidata-affinity-group-introduction-to-wikidata-for-entity-management ''Wikidata Affinity Group: Introduction to Wikidata for Entity Management''] by Alex Jung, Kyla Jemison, Susan Radovsky (cf. [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]]) *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753816500 July 29, 2025 3:15pm - 3:45pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOt/scholarly-profiling-in-wikidata-creating-a-knowledge-graph-for-the-seekcommons-open-science-research-network ''Scholarly profiling in Wikidata: Creating a knowledge graph for the SEEKCommons open science research network''] by Dorothy Howard *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753818300 July 29, 2025 3:45pm - 3:55pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOw/from-biographical-dictionary-to-linked-data ''From Biographical Dictionary to Linked Data''] by Sara De Monaco (cf. [[:d:User:SaraDeMonaco/Tesi magistrale]] and [[:d:Q135208119]]) *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753818950 July 29, 2025 3:55pm - 4:05pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eOz/lccnbot-one-year-on-an-update ''LCCNbot one year on: an update''] by Mary Muratsubaki Campany (cf. [[:d:User:LccnBot]]) *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753819500 July 29, 2025 4:05pm - 4:15pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eP2/supporting-access-to-cd-roms-while-using-and-contributing-to-wikidata ''Supporting access to CD-ROMs while using and contributing to Wikidata''] by Claire Fox *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753820100 July 29, 2025 4:15pm - 4:25pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eP5/surfacing-sociotechnical-research-with-wikidata ''Surfacing Sociotechnical Research with Wikidata''] by Kathleen Burlingame *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753820700 July 29, 2025 4:25pm - 4:35pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26eP8/wikidata-workflows-with-orcid-and-openrefine-a-binghamton-university-case-study ''Wikidata Workflows with ORCID and OpenRefine: A Binghamton University Case Study''] by Sasha Frizzell *** [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1753901100 July 30, 2025 2:45pm - 4:45pm EDT] - [https://2025ld4.sched.com/event/26ePc/wiles-wikidata-lexicographical-event-semantics-modeling-for-natural-languages ''WiLES: Wikidata Lexicographical Event Semantics modeling for natural languages''] by Humza Yaqoob, Mahir Morshed (workshop) ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs ** [https://www.bigdatawire.com/2025/07/10/scaling-the-knowledge-graph-behind-wikipedia/ Scaling the Knowledge Graph Behind Wikipedia] By Alex Woodie ** [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (see paper below) By Heidi Meudt * Papers ** [https://academic.oup.com/aob/advance-article/doi/10.1093/aob/mcaf062/8158086?login=false Wikidata for botanists: benefits of collaborating and sharing Linked Open Data] By Sabine et al., (2025). This study explores Wikidata as an open, multilingual knowledge base that connects botanical data across sources, and urges botanists to collaboratively enrich its content to support a broad spectrum of plant science. * Videos ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ib-8YsJChmw Wikidata labels and descriptions] By Moore Wikimedia Community ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=z6gNKxqhyxY Wikidata Lablar Description Stockholm Archipelago trail] By Magnus Sälgö * Presentations ** [https://zenodo.org/records/15828659 How To...Wikibase?] - Senior Partner Manager, [[m:User:Christos_Varvantakis_(WMDE)|Christos Varvantakis]] has produced this set of training and educational material to get you started with Wikibase. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://toolsadmin.wikimedia.org/tools/id/depictions Commons Depictions] is a tool that display depictions of Wikidata items on Wikimedia Commons ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' * New General datatypes **[[:d:Property:P13631|official donation page URL]] (<nowiki>official URL for making donations to the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13632|image of cosplay]] (<nowiki>cosplay that depicts this character or person</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13633|‎worn on]] (<nowiki>part of the body where an item of clothing, equipment, or jewelry is worn</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13635|warranty period]] (<nowiki>warranty period of this product as covered by the original manufacturer or creator</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13637|‎matricule number]] (<nowiki>identifier for a football club affiliated with the Royal Belgian Football Association</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13629|CABR-identifier]], [[:d:Property:P13630|Nederlands Film Festival person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13634|The Sun topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13636|IMDb interest ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cyclocross24 rider ID|Cyclocross24 rider ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a cyclo-cross cyclist in the Cyclocross24 database</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polyhedron net|Polyhedron net]] (<nowiki>A net of attached 2D polygon created for each polyhedron</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kanpei or Kokuhei|Kanpei or Kokuhei]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/file name|file name]] (<nowiki>name used for this entity in a computer file system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anthologia Graeca author|Anthologia Graeca author]] (<nowiki>Author number in the Anthologia Graeca Project, an online annotated edition of the [[w:Greek Anthology]]</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/langue locale dominante|langue locale dominante]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/accomplice|accomplice]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CCCA ID|CCCA ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cover Art Archive image|Cover Art Archive image]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Athletics Podium person ID|Athletics Podium person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CESAR title ID|CESAR title ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GaultMillau-idenficatiecode Nederland|GaultMillau-idenficatiecode Nederland]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/eFloraMEX ID|eFloraMEX ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BORIS Unibe author ID|BORIS Unibe author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EDBO institution code|EDBO institution code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OSHWA Identifier|OSHWA Identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Personnel de l'administration préfectorale depuis 1945|identifiant Personnel de l'administration préfectorale depuis 1945]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Personnel de l'administration préfectorale au 19e siècle|identifiant Personnel de l'administration préfectorale au 19e siècle]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Traditional Ballad Index file name|The Traditional Ballad Index file name]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID edizioni CoBiS LOD|ID edizioni CoBiS LOD]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA person ID|SIK-ISEA person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA group ID|SIK-ISEA group ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA institution ID|SIK-ISEA institution ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA work ID|SIK-ISEA work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA document ID|SIK-ISEA document ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/speedrun.com level ID|speedrun.com level ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version)|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Russian version)|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Russian version)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mizuumi Wiki article ID|Mizuumi Wiki article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/6TNS Top album languages found on Wikidata right now] [https://wikis.world/@moebeus@mastodon.online/112302638644990711 source] ** [https://w.wiki/Ej6F The names of the characters from Asterix & Obélix, in French, English, German, Latin and some other languages] ([https://wikis.world/@sukkoria@piaille.fr/114829167969170573 source]) ** [https://query-chest.toolforge.org/redirect/uAOfzguDGgAA6Ma2yseCsOOmGOOmaq8Go6sQQ6YEMWh Map the global distribution of periodicals in publication languages from the Eastern Mediterranean] (Arabic, Ottoman, Greek, Ladino, Coptic etc) ([https://wikis.world/@tillgrallert@digitalcourage.social/114819637083502934 source]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q49727|Das Erste (Q49727)]] - German public-service television channel * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L5785|reference (L5785)]] - English noun/verb (ˈɹɛf.ɹəns) meaning "source citation", "supporting document", or "relationship" ''' Development ''' * Wikibase REST API: We started work on the simple Property prefix search [[phab:(T397838]]) * Mobile statement editing: We continued the work on the basics with viewing of statements ([[phab:T394886]]]) * Search: Fixed a bug when pasting into the search box ([[phab:T397608]]) * Integration in Wikipedia and co: ** We began research into current limits for collapsing entity usage. (Basically when an article uses more data from an Item than the configured limit then we consider all data on that Item to be used. This is done for infrastructure reasons.) We’d like to improve this to further reduce unnecessary Wikidata changes showing up on watchlist and recent changes on Wikipedia and co. ** We will roll out showing labels instead of IDs in Wikidata edits in watchlist and recent changes to more wikis later this week. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Chile|Chile]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:09, 14 July 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=28983341 --> == Tech News: 2025-29 == <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 14 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == ''The Signpost'': 18 July 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/News and notes|Is no WikiNews good WikiNews? — Election season returns!]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/In the media|How bad (or good) is Wikipedia?]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/WikiProject report|WikiProject Medicine reaches milestone of zero unreferenced articles]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/In focus|Wikimania 2025: Connecting Wikimedians across the world for 20 years]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Recent research|Knowledge manipulation on Russia's Wikipedia fork; Marxist critique of Wikidata license; call to analyze power relations of Wikipedia]] * News from the WMF: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/News from the WMF|Form 990 released for the Wikimedia Foundation’s fiscal year 2023-2024]] * Discussion report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Discussion report|Six thousand noticeboard discussions in 2025 electrically winnowed down to a hundred]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Comix|Divorce]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Opinion|Women are somewhat under-represented on the English-language Wikipedia, and other observations from analysis]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Community view|A Deep Dive Into Wikimedia (part 4): The Future Of Wikimedia and Conclusion]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Obituary|Pvmoutside, Atomicjohn, Rdmoore6, Jaknouse, Morven, Martin of Sheffield, MarnetteD, Herewhy, BabelStone]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Traffic report|God only knows]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-07-18/Humour|New forum created for people who don't care about Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 07:53, 18 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=28903822 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:28, 21 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28984647 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #689 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-07-21. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#688]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming]]: ** [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeSyLv6rBOgxzPR8DmZ0QZNPr-wQJLs0uI8t2MyuBuTj4HTpA/viewform Wikimedia and Open Knowledge Conference (survey)] is being planned for 2026 in Poland. This event is to focus on research carried out on or with Wikidata and Wikipedia. Your opinion is wanted! Please fill out the Google Forms survey to help the organisation committee plan. Also available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc83qVh7W5QWzNUW8Cg9fL549RNS-s7Qut-UCE84N1OpoQwqw/viewform?usp=sharing&ouid=116673720641417865807 Polish] and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScMdwZ-aPhckKBoT6LNlS5ukVUCqdq8pI0o3nQNjjJR5798GA/viewform?usp=header Ukrainian]. ** Wikimania [[wikimania:2025:Program|2025 Program]] is Live! This is also the time to add your Wikidata meetups. Please start marking your preferred Wikimania sessions (⭐/like) and mark to your mobile apps or calendars. If you are joining online to watch live stream and use the interactive features, please register on eventyay through wikimania.org ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/6HQZ6BJ6SESOOBRWHYVHCNJX4LXXZP24/ source]) * Past: Missed the Q3 Wikidata+Wikibase office hour? You can catch up by reading the session log here: [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events/Telegram office hour 2025-07-16|2025-07-15 (Q3 2025)]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Papers: [https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/41/Supplement_1/i12/8199389 An educator framework for organizing Wikipedia editathons for computational biology] (uses Wikidata to power the [https://compbio-on-wiki.toolforge.org/ compbio-on-wiki.toolforge.org/] tool) ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikinity.toolforge.org/ Wikinity] A tool allowing you to find (un)photographed objects, so you can take a picture of them and send it to Wikidata. The tool was created By Martin Urbanec ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The Call for Papers is now open for the Journal of Open Humanities Data special collection: "Wikidata across the Humanities: datasets, methodologies, reuse." This editorial will explore how Wikidata is transforming research and collaboration in the humanities. If you're working on a relevant project, submit your proposal [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/collections/wikidata_across_the_humanities here] * What belongs where in the Wikibase Ecosystem? There is ongoing research to better understand what people are currently thinking about this and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/BUMGCMKFFNMJQVZXD4K6Z23LLBHAHCCT/ you can take part by sorting some scenarios]. *Wikimedia Deutschland is inviting further feedback on the Mobile Editing Experience [https://www.figma.com/proto/IdZ6rdm8FqDuLYIfQTvEer/ALICE-meets-MEX?page-id=0%3A1&node-id=3-9092&viewport=-14617%2C-894%2C0.76&t=jFYlzZdmBq4NcDU2-1&scaling=min-zoom&content-scaling=fixed prototype] (currently just a design file so not everything is clickable). Please follow the instructions below and share your thoughts at [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements]]: ** Add "business woman" as an occupation ** Add a start date to the relationship with A$AP Rocky and provide a reference ** Find the place of birth (Saint Michael) and open that page ** Add the coordinate location for Saint Michael ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13637|‎matricule number]] (<nowiki>identifier for a football club affiliated with the Royal Belgian Football Association</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13638|‎settlement classification]] (<nowiki>type of settlement according to a topographical classification</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13642|Polyhedron net]] (<nowiki>a net of attached 2D polygon created for each polyhedron</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13639|National Library of Uruguay book ID]], [[:d:Property:P13640|The Jerusalem Post topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13641|Physicians of Georgia Biographical Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P13643|eFloraMEX ID]], [[:d:Property:P13644|Theatre museums of Russia person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13645|Georgian Athletes Biographical Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P13646|Georgian Winemakers ID]], [[:d:Property:P13647|Ukrainian Book of Remembrance person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13648|BORIS Portal Unibe ID]], [[:d:Property:P13649|Society for the Promotion of Literacy among Georgians Members ID]], [[:d:Property:P13650|Deaf Movie Database title ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Generation MSX d'un matériel|identifiant Generation MSX d'un matériel]] (<nowiki>hardware identifier in the Generation MSX database of MSX videogames</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polish Taxpayer Identification Number|Polish Taxpayer Identification Number]] (<nowiki>an identifier for an entity paying taxes in Poland</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/official roster page|official roster page]] (<nowiki>URL of a team's official page about this player</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/transistor density|transistor density]] (<nowiki>density of transistors for classifying the complexity of discrete circuits</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Historische Bildpostkarten Universität Osnabrück - Entities|Historische Bildpostkarten Universität Osnabrück - Entities]] (<nowiki>Identificator for persons and publishers of historical picture postcards</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/grave|grave]] (<nowiki>grave of a person</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/fanlore article id|fanlore article id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Afrikaregisteret ID|Afrikaregisteret ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hong Kong company ID|Hong Kong company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/California Entity Number|California Entity Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Macanese company ID|Macanese company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Corporation Number in Canada|Corporation Number in Canada]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/QCC Code|QCC Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cyprus company ID|Cyprus company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Malta company ID|Malta company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GEMI Number|GEMI Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CUIT|CUIT]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Jamaica company ID|Jamaica company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SEC Number|SEC Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mã số doanh nghiệp|Mã số doanh nghiệp]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/movieID|movieID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Thailand company ID|Thailand company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PCPartPicker chipset ID|PCPartPicker chipset ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/gosfilmofond.ru ID|gosfilmofond.ru ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Directorio de museos del Sistema de Información Cultural|Directorio de museos del Sistema de Información Cultural]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Burmese company ID|Burmese company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cambodian company ID|Cambodian company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Encyclopedia ID|Georgian Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vintagepostcards-Archive-ID|Vintagepostcards-Archive-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MacPorts port|MacPorts port]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Berardi Arte artist ID|Berardi Arte artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adult Film Database director ID|Adult Film Database director ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Elonet company ID|Elonet company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dvdcompare.net film id|dvdcompare.net film id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SpaceReference.org celestial object ID|SpaceReference.org celestial object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/English solicitors ID|English solicitors ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database person ID|Deaf Movie Database person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** Mathematical formulae containing HTML escapes https://w.wiki/EoeL] ** [https://w.wiki/9Ygr Most frequent objects depicted on coats of arms] ([https://wikis.world/@kvistgaard@vivaldi.net/112162949851779659 source]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q1140439|Finding Forrester (Q1140439)]] - 2000 film directed by Gus Van Sant * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1372236|Września (L1372236)]] - Polish proper noun (ˈvʐɛɕ.ɲa) meaning "September (month)", "town in Greater Poland", or "village in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship" ''' Development ''' * Wikibase REST API: We have enabled the new Item Prefix Search endpoint on wikidata. You can try it out now with a call like this: https://www.wikidata.org/w/rest.php/wikibase/v0/suggest/items?language=en&q=potat If you have feedback please leave it at [[d:Wikidata talk:REST API feedback round|Wikidata talk:REST API feedback round]] * Additional APIs: We are looking a bit more into GraphQL and what it could offer to make programmatic access to Wikidata's data better. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We enabled showing the labels of entities in edit summaries in recent changes and watchlist. Now you no longer have to click to get to Wikidata and check what is behind a mystery ID in an edit summary coming from Wikidata. * Mobile statement editing: We are working on formatting references, qualifiers, various data types and multiple statements for one property. We are planning to enable the new mobile UI on Beta Wikidata soon. Important: For now it is a read-only UI, as we have not started to implement editing yet, and some data types won’t have the correct appearance yet. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Vietnam|Vietnam]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Current issue]]· [[:d:User:JosefAnthony|JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] .[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:01, 21 July 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29005317 --> == Tech News: 2025-30 == <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 21 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:40, 28 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29047614 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #690 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-07-28. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#689]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Aqurs1|Aqurs1]] (RfP scheduled to end after 31 July 2025 16:35 UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/THEbotIT 3|THEbotIT 3]] - New functional aspect to automatic creation of items describing the articles of [[:w:de:Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft|Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft]] (RE). We want to model now the articles, which amends the main articles, as those information where suppressed so far. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Wikidata's 13th birthday decentralized events will take place in October and November 2025. Feel free to browse [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday|the documentation pages]] to learn how to organize an event in your area, get funding, and get in touch with other organizers. Help translate the documentation pages into your language. ** [[d:Q134950534|COSCUP 2025 (Q134950534)]] OpenStreetMap x Wikidata Track will be held at [[d:Q699543|National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Q699543)]] on August 9-10. ** [[wikimania:2025|Wikimania]] starts next week August 6 through August 9. Check out the Wikidata related session in the [[wikimania:2025:Wikimania/Program|program]] and start marking your preferred Wikimania sessions (⭐/like) on your mobile apps or calendars. If you are joining online to watch live stream and use the interactive features, please register on eventyay through wikimania.org. Note also the Wikidata meetups organised outside the official conference hours. * Past: WikiCon Brasil 2025 happened in person in [[d:Q36947|Salvador (Q36947)]] including a [[wmbr:WikiCon_Brasil_2025/Programa/Tecnologia|technical session with two Wikidata-focused presentations]] (in Portuguese) ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/making-question-answering-systems-smarter-with-knowledge-graphs-using-frog-a-wikidata-research-fund-2024-highlight/ Making Question-Answering Systems Smarter with Knowledge Graphs Using FrOG: A Wikidata Research Fund 2024 Highlight] - How can large language models become more accurate using structured knowledge? A research team from Universitas Indonesia and WU Vienna explored this through FrOG, a framework that integrates Wikidata into question-answering language model. This research is supported by Wikimedia Indonesia through the [[m:Wikimedia Indonesia/Hibah Riset Wikidata 2024|Wikidata Research Fund 2024]] program. ** [https://www.techradar.com/pro/wikidatas-next-leap-the-open-database-powering-tomorrows-ai-and-wikipedia Wikidata’s next leap: the open database powering tomorrow’s AI and Wikipedia] By Lydia Pintscher * Presentations: [https://zenodo.org/records/15609570 O herbário da Universidade de Coimbra na Wikidata] (Using Wikidata in Natural History Collection Management, in Portuguese) * Papers: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40695850/ Wiki-Quantities and Wiki-Measurements: Datasets of quantities and their measurement context from Wikipedia] - Researchers developed two large, validated datasets; Wiki-Quantities and Wiki-Measurements, from Wikipedia and Wikidata to improve automated extraction of quantitative data and its context using natural language processing techniques. By Göpfert et al., (2025) * Videos: [https://m.youtube.com/shorts/MXQBNG4Wjgk Wikidata:The shadow power behind Wikipedia and AI] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://flashbackfiesta.app/ Flashback Fiesta] - is a trivia game that challenges players to guess the year of historical events using data from Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Personal Pronouns|Wikidata:WikiProject Personal Pronouns]] drafted a new [[:d:Wikidata:Personal pronouns|Wikidata Personal Pronouns Policy]], using [[:d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Pronouns P6553|this recent RFC]] as a basis. It's the first time a policy on this topic has been proposed, and the [[:d:Wikidata:Living people|Wikidata Living People Policy]] served as a reference. Feedback is encouraged and appreciated. * The modeling of [[:d:Q397610|agrégation]] ("the most competitive and prestigious examination for civil service in the French public education system" according to [[:w:en:Agrégation]]) has been reviewed in various aspects: a summary is available in [[:d:Talk:Q397610#Modeling agrégation]]. Suggestions are welcome. *Wikimedia Deutschland is inviting further feedback on the Mobile Editing Experience [https://www.figma.com/proto/IdZ6rdm8FqDuLYIfQTvEer/ALICE-meets-MEX?page-id=0%3A1&node-id=3-9092&viewport=-14617%2C-894%2C0.76&t=jFYlzZdmBq4NcDU2-1&scaling=min-zoom&content-scaling=fixed prototype] (currently just a design file so not everything is clickable). Please follow the instructions below and share your thoughts at [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements]]: ** Add "business woman" as an occupation ** Add a start date to the relationship with A$AP Rocky and provide a reference ** Find the place of birth (Saint Michael) and open that page ** Add the coordinate location for Saint Michael ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P13668|‎operating cost]] (<nowiki>estimated or average ongoing recurring cost for operating or using an object</nowiki>) *New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13651|Ukrainian Memorial person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13652|Portal of united hromadas of Ukraine ID]], [[:d:Property:P13653|Portal Decentralization hromada ID]], [[:d:Property:P13654|Facebook image ID]], [[:d:Property:P13655|archieven.nl creator ID]], [[:d:Property:P13656|‎Elonet company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13657|Embryo Project Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P13658|‎Film Atlas ID]], [[:d:Property:P13659|Klimadashboard.de region ID]], [[:d:Property:P13660|‎Knowledge Graph for Irish History person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13661|myCast person or character ID]], [[:d:Property:P13662|‎nasljerseys.com player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13663|‎speedrun.com level ID]], [[:d:Property:P13664|‎FBref competition ID]], [[:d:Property:P13665|‎FBref match ID]], [[:d:Property:P13666|‎parlament.fyi person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13667|Swimcloud swimmer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/organizational chart|organizational chart]] (<nowiki>image that displays the structure of this organization or government agency and the relationships and relative ranks of it's parts and positions/jobs</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Source Shrine|Source Shrine]] (<nowiki>The shrine that the gods of this shinto shrine came from through Bunrei and Kanjo</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/botanical photographs|botanical photographs]] (<nowiki>a distinctive image of a flower, inflorescence, or a similar reproductive structure for this taxon</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database language ID|Deaf Movie Database language ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database genre ID|Deaf Movie Database genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deaf Movie Database country ID|Deaf Movie Database country ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss Films person ID|Swiss Films person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/My Abandonware company|My Abandonware company]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Indianapolis ID|Encyclopedia of Indianapolis ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Database dei fondi musicali toscani ID|Database dei fondi musicali toscani ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NeoDB Movie ID|NeoDB Movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Serbian settlement ID|Serbian settlement ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/c64.cz game ID|c64.cz game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NuGet package|NuGet package]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss Films company ID|Swiss Films company ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/wikidata/Bc3bpD?exec=true Church buildings in Sweden on OpenStreetMap with links to Wikidata, but without the inverse link]. ** [https://w.wiki/EsMN Tennis tournament titles won by specific player] ([[Wikidata:Request_a_query#Tennis tournament titles won by specific player|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/EsMS BarChart of chemical compound identifiers in Wikidata] ([https://wikis.world/@egonw@social.edu.nl/114918734141640378 source]) * WikiProject Highlights: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Sweden WikiProject Sweden] - A project to centralize, expand, and translate Sweden-related data on Wikidata while supporting the Swedish contributor community. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q43361|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (Q43361)]] - 1997 novel by J. K. Rowling * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]:[[d:Lexeme:L9436|ножницы (L9436)]] - Russian noun (nɐˈʐnʲitsɨ) meaning "cutting tool", "window hardware mechanism", or "ski position with split tips" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We finished a first version of formatting references ([[phab:T396098]]); qualifiers ([[phab:T396099]]); various data types ([[phab:T394888]], [[phab:T394890]], [[phab:T394904]], [[phab:T394907]]); and multiple statements for one property ([[phab:T396637]]) ** We enabled the new mobile editing experience on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org beta Wikidata] so you can now try the very rough version there and follow along with development * Wikibase REST API: We finished the simple Property prefix search endpoint and it will go live in the next days ([[phab:T397838]]) * Additional APIs: We are working on a prototype for GraphQL to see if that is a going to be helpful for accessing Wikidata's data ([[phab:T399452]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Kenya|Kenya]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony|JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·''' [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:55, 28 July 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29051444 --> == Tech News: 2025-31 == <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:22, 29 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == This Month in Education: July 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 7 • July 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025|Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania|Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025|Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs|Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning|The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025 |When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD|Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia|Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague|Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 03:00, 1 August 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29005310 --> == Wikimedia CEE Newsletter – August 2025 == Dear CEE Community, We’re happy to share with you the '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/August_2025 August edition of the CEE Newsletter]'''! In this issue: * Read how the CEE Hub is supporting the region and preparing for the next meetings * Celebrate 22 years of Romanian Wikipedia and 10 years of the Albanian Language User Group * Discover the winning photos from the Albanian cuisine contest * Learn how CEE Spring 2025 gathered over 10,000 articles * Find out how communities marked World Refugee Day and Francophonie Month * And much more – from Thessaloniki to Kırklareli! Read the full newsletter '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/August_2025 here]'''. Happy reading! On behalf of the CEE Newsletter team, --[[user:janbery|janbery]] ([[user talk:janbery|talk]]) 14:06, 1 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Janbery@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=29008937 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:21, 4 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29077280 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #691 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-04. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#690]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Aqurs1|Aqurs1]] - closed as successful. Welcome onbaord \o/ * Other: [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Suggestion_for_splitting_out_the_WikiCite_graph_to_another_wikibase|Suggestion for splitting out the WikiCite graph to another wikibase]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Wikimania begins this week (August 6-9). Check out the Wikidata sessions and meetups in the [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ event schedule] and mark them in your calander. ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[d:Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series: Join the second session in our Intro to Wikidata/EMCO series. It will be focused on gadgets and user scripts that enhance Wikidata editing. We'll demo useful tools and invite you to share your favorites too! 🗓️ Tuesday, August 5 🕘 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1754409600 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST] ℹ️ More info & Zoom link: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/IntroEMCO|Project page]] ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #79 August 9 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs **[https://addshore.com/2025/07/wikimedia-commons-depicts-statements-over-time/ Wikimedia Commons Depicts statements over time] - Looking at the user of Wikidata Items to show that Wikimedia commons images depict, since the structured data on commons feature was originally turned on. Roads currently come out on top! By Adshore ** [https://blog.johl.io/mimi-sisema-kiswahili-lakini-ninapenda-data/ Mimi sisema Kiswahili, lakini ninapenda data] (I don’t speak Swahili, but I love data). By Jens Ohlig ** [https://itbrief.asia/story/wikimedia-project-boosts-software-for-endangered-languages-worldwide Wikimedia project boosts software for endangered languages worldwide] * Videos: Ongoing Wikidata sessions at the LD4 2025 events. ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVmjHDhS-Fc&list=PLx2ZluWEZtIDTHevbzOScn1mz8-9ITTLL playlist]) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://whopaintedthis.toolforge.org/ Who Painted this] - is a tool developed by Francesco Negri. The tool is a game that let's you guess who created a painting, using data from Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * If you are using Wikidata's APIs please be aware that the existing user agent policy will be enforced more strictly going forward. Please make sure your application sets a proper user agent. More details are in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/APW6FQBGIVLCEN7WZ65D4NVZ6XQIWGCW/ this announcement]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13668|‎operating cost]] (<nowiki>estimated or average ongoing recurring cost for operating or using an object</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13669|‎UK Mutual Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P13670|Scientific heritage of Russia person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13671|Reabilitovani istoriyeyu person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13672|L'Expression topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13673|Memorial Platform person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13674|‎SIK-ISEA institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P13675|‎SIK-ISEA person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13676|‎SIK-ISEA work ID]], [[:d:Property:P13677|Kokugakuin University Digital Museum entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13678|‎FLBB player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13679|Russian Cycling Federation person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13680|Geoguessr ID]], [[:d:Property:P13681|R-Sport team ID]], [[:d:Property:P13682|‎OSHWA identifier]], [[:d:Property:P13683|Personnel de l'administration préfectorale au 19e siècle ID]], [[:d:Property:P13685|Generation MSX hardware ID]], [[:d:Property:P13686|Generation MSX company or demo group ID]], [[:d:Property:P13687|‎Fanlore article ID]], [[:d:Property:P13688|MarathonView person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13689|‎Anthologia Graeca author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13690|Museum ID from Mexico SIC directory of museums]], [[:d:Property:P13691|Georgian Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P13692|CoBiS LOD book ID]], [[:d:Property:P13693|‎c64.cz game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DuckDuckGo bang|DuckDuckGo bang]] (<nowiki>Identifier for use of DuckDuckGo bang shortcut, do not prefix with "!"</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/algebraic closure|algebraic closure]] (<nowiki>abgebraic closure of this field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/value of this characteristic|value of this characteristic]] (<nowiki>non-numeric value of this characteristic applied to this mathematical object</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Library of Nigeria ID|National Library of Nigeria ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) auteur(ice) dans le catalogue de la médiathèque de Sceaux|Identifiant d'un(e) auteur(ice) dans le catalogue de la médiathèque de Sceaux]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parabra pal Dicionariu Extremeñu de Juan Kam|Parabra pal Dicionariu Extremeñu de Juan Kam]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EASIN ID|EASIN ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Genetics entry ID|A Dictionary of Genetics entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TEQSA Provider ID|TEQSA Provider ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TEQSA Course ID|TEQSA Course ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Registered Training Organisation code|Registered Training Organisation code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un mémoire dans XIXe siècle en mémoires|Identifiant d'un mémoire dans XIXe siècle en mémoires]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Episodes.fm ID|Episodes.fm ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ A Dictionary of Sports Studies entry ID| A Dictionary of Sports Studies entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Open Science Thesaurus ID|Open Science Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dictionary of American Family Names ID|Dictionary of American Family Names ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/osm-planet/J9BO8v?exec=true Railway crossing waterways in Norway with associated bridges]. ** [https://query-chest.toolforge.org/redirect/8d9jpdjE3Mcsc66SIS8GQqYK2YYgYOsm2myy2Oma00R Chart of the nominal outputs of Uganda's hydro-power plants] ([https://x.com/kateregga1/status/1939789382099071298 source]) ** [https://w.wiki/Eoya You have a Wikidata item with few sources? Check the references of all other items linking to that Item] ([https://bsky.app/profile/magnusmanske.wikis.world.ap.brid.gy/post/3lujyuegowp32 source]) * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject sum of all paintings|Sum of all paintings]] - goal is to have a Wikidata Item for every notable painting. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q104454|Mario Götze (Q104454)]] - German association football player * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1216630|Śrem (L1216630)]] - Polish proper noun (ɕrɛm) meaning "town in Greater Poland", "rural-urban municipality", or "village in Lower Silesia" ''' Development ''' * We made progress on figuring out how to make maps on mobile work well with Kartographer ([[phab:T394906]]) * Lydia and Mohammed are attending Wikimania. We are looking forward to seeing some of you there. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Kenya|Kenya]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:02, 4 August 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29074255 --> == Tech News: 2025-32 == <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 5 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == ''The Signpost'': 9 August 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/News and notes|Court order snips out part of Wikipedia article, editors debate whether to frame shreds or pulp them]] * Discussion report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Discussion report|News from ANI, AN, RSN, BLPN, ELN, FTN, and NPOVN]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Disinformation report|The article in the most languages]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Community view|News from the Villages Pump]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/In the media|Disgrace, dive bars, deceased despots, and diverse dispatches]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Crossword|Accidental typography]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Comix|best-laid schemes o' wikis an' men]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-08-09/Traffic report|I'm not the antichrist or the Superman]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 02:27, 9 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29085669 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:20, 11 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29085671 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VII, July 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: 10 years of Wikimedians of Albanian Language User Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba – From Island to Archive: Aruba’s Journey on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: De Standaard Solidarity Prize and How to Upload Artwork * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Expanding Access to Heritage Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025: Program Highlights & Volunteer Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: July in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Poster Exhibition, Screening Public Viewing, Women Memorials * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Japanese art in Arabic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikinics & Edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL blog by Tiago Lubiana, BHL Wikimedian in Residence, and news on the BHL transition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Introducing Oulu Löyly – we want to hear your thoughts! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Getting the message out * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Culture & Heritage team transitioning to broader Content Enablement team * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 19:59, 11 August 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29083949 --> == Tech News: 2025-33 == <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:24, 11 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #692 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-11. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#691]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Dolabbot|Dolabbot]] - Mass import of module subpages from other wikis (mainly English wiktionary) to Korean wiktionary and addition of corresponding Wikidata sitelinks. ''' Events ''' * Past: Wikimania 2025 took place last week! Day-by-day playlists are available on the Wikimedia Foundation [https://www.youtube.com/@TheWikimediaFoundation/playlists YouTube channel]. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [[d:User:Midleading|Midleading]] created a a UserScript called [[d:User:Midleading/RemoveRedundantLabels.js|RemoveRedundantLabels.js]]. This user script adds a new tool Item, that can be used to remove all labels that are the same as mul label, in one click. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' *New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13696|taxon aspect image]] (<nowiki>an exemplary image of a particular aspect for this taxon. Relevant for taxonomic identification</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13694|Mizuumi Wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P13695|My Abandonware company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13697|Vintagepostcards-Archive-ID]], [[:d:Property:P13698|Historical picture postcards University of Osnabrück ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/awarded for type of work|awarded for type of work]] (<nowiki>type of work for which an award or type of award is conferred</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/display size (diagonal)|display size (diagonal)]] (<nowiki>diagonal length of a rectangular electronic display</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/non-free official cover art URL|non-free official cover art URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a copyrighted cover image for a creative work at an authorized distributor's website</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IUPAC name|IUPAC name]] (<nowiki>Name of a chemical compound following the IUPAC nomenclature of (in)organic chemistry.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Creed|Creed]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artfacts artist ID|Artfacts artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/nextroom building ID|nextroom building ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/USB device ID|USB device ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Caixin company ID|Caixin company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIBFRAME Work ID|BIBFRAME Work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Primary Vessel Number|Primary Vessel Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Songsofy artist ID|Songsofy artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PCI vendor hexadecimal ID|PCI vendor hexadecimal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms entry ID|The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/T10 vendor ID string|T10 vendor ID string]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military entry ID|The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SPoT skater ID (new scheme)|SPoT skater ID (new scheme)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'une pièce musicale dans le répertoire de la SACEM|Identifiant d'une pièce musicale dans le répertoire de la SACEM]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/9twM Mothers on Wikidata] - explore the mother and child relationships of Wikidata items. ** [https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/wikidata/tYjsyi Human with article in simple and no english article] (QLever) ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Articles_on_simple_Wikipedia_but_not_en.Wikipedia|source]]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q20683626|2016 Taiwanese presidential election (Q20683626)]] - election in Taiwan * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1334366|illing (L1334366)]] - English adjective/noun (ˈɪlɪŋ) meaning "annoyed/unhappy", "acting aggressively", or "in a difficult situation" ''' Development ''' * We attended [[Wikimania:2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 205]] in Nairobi * We continued efforts to get our new mobile statement UI for Items with the Kartographer extension, and merged a first version that mostly works ([[Phab:T394906]]) * We began work on including accessibility testing for the new mobile statement editing UI for Items ([[Phab:T400678]]) * The entity types for the new search dropdown has been updated to have Items at the top ([[Phab:T398817]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 09:51, 12 August 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Abdulai (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29104433 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 18 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #693 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-18. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#692]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! Mark your calendars for our third session of our event series, an Introduction to Wikidata/EMCO, which is meant to introduce EMCO participants and anyone interested to Wikidata and to develop frameworks and skills for entity management in the Wikidata environment. We will review searching in Wikidata and have a practical, hands-on exercise where everyone can create a new person item and add some statements. Join us Tuesday, August 19th at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1755619200 Time zone converter]. Please see our [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/IntroEMCO project page] for more information and Zoom links. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=rTKWoZY8I8Y What Is Wikidata? - Be App Savvy] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=IYlzoFT3Wi4&pp=0gcJCf8Ao7VqN5tD OpenStreetMap x Wikidata] - Wikidata Taiwan ''' Tool of the week ''' * Magnus Manske’s developed a [https://como.toolforge.org/#/game/autodesc Como Wikidata Game] using Autodesc, this game suggests short descriptions for Wikidata items that don't have any. Review each suggestion, improve it if needed, and submit a concise, accurate description. Additioanlly the andriod application for the game is available for download at [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.toolforge.como Google Play Store] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Are you a developer using Wikidata's data in your application with the action API or Query Service? The Wikidata development would love to talk to you to help improve how you can get to Wikidata's data. More details [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/x2sslsjb/apply here (Great Question)]. User interview is 60-mins and you’ll receive compensation as a thank-you for your time. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13699|National Library of Nigeria ID]], [[:d:Property:P13700|Artfacts artist ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Código INE (Bolivia)|Código INE (Bolivia)]] (<nowiki>Official hierarchical identifier of the National Institute of Statistics of Bolivia for administrative entities such as departments, provinces and municipalities.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/quality for|quality for]] (<nowiki>quality that is described by this sense of adjective/grammatical modifier</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/type of quality|type of quality]] (<nowiki>qualifier of "item for this modifier" that specifies the type of quality</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has wireless capabilities|has wireless capabilities]] (<nowiki>type of wireless connectivity this device has/supports</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/designed for handedness|designed for handedness]] (<nowiki>hand(s) that this object is intended to be used with</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Valais cantonal parliament ID|Valais cantonal parliament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Arcanes ID|Arcanes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Travel and Tourism entry ID|A Dictionary of Travel and Tourism entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IGDB tag ID|IGDB tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TechnoMusicWorld artist ID|TechnoMusicWorld artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TechnoMusicWorld release ID|TechnoMusicWorld release ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TechnoMusicWorld track ID|TechnoMusicWorld track ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Dentistry entry ID|A Dictionary of Dentistry entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CELL ID|CELL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Flemish Community Masterpieces List item ID|Flemish Community Masterpieces List item ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation entry ID|A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hamburger Frauenbiografien ID|Hamburger Frauenbiografien ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GamesIndustry.biz topic ID|GamesIndustry.biz topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ophardt Team Sportevent person ID|Ophardt Team Sportevent person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LINDAS ID|LINDAS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital ROC people ID|Digital ROC people ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum of Fine Arts, Lyon object ID|Museum of Fine Arts, Lyon object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nebraska Authors author ID|Nebraska Authors author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/InfoconDB series ID|InfoconDB series ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/InfoconDB conference ID|InfoconDB conference ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/setlist.fm festival ID|setlist.fm festival ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital ROC event ID|Digital ROC event ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS scholar ID|ScholarGPS scholar ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS institution ID|ScholarGPS institution ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS field and discipline ID|ScholarGPS field and discipline ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS specialty ID|ScholarGPS specialty ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Digital Ark person ID|The Digital Ark person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScholarGPS country profile ID|ScholarGPS country profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MHOBT ID|MHOBT ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letterboxd person ID|Letterboxd person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/F4Fv Wikidata entities shaped like businesses] ([https://w.wiki/F4Mf Sparql source]) ** [https://w.wiki/6DJd Map of sub-categories of a Commons category] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Irish_Traditional_Music WikiProject Irish Traditional Music] - This project aims to enhance the representation of Irish traditional music on Wikidata * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q737062|Olympia (Q737062)]] - painting by Édouard Manet * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1250690|spegnere (L1250690)]] - Italian verb (ˈspeɲ.ɲe.re) meaning "to extinguish (a fire)", "to turn off (a device)", or "to die (euphemistic)" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We are continuing the work - so far on the read-only mobile version. We will start looking into editing soon. You can follow along with the development on [https://wikidata.beta.wmflabs.org beta Wikidata]. * GraphQL: We are continuing some experiments with GraphQL to see if it is useful for specific types of access to Wikidata's data. * Dumps: We are starting to experiment with subset dumps to see if we can get meaningful smaller dumps for reusers. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are working on scalability issues around the number of changes from Wikidata that get sent to Wikipedia and co. As part of this we are continuing to look into how to decrease the number of changes in recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co that don't actually affect an article there. ** We are investigating how the upcoming larger rollout of Parsoid affects the tracking of Wikidata usage in articles. ** We are looking into improving the Databox Lua module that is used especially in smaller Wikipedias to get Wikidata-powered infoboxes. * Federation: We are looking at the previous prototype for Federated Properties that allowed to use Wikidata's Properties on another Wikibase instance. We are checking what if anything of it can be revived for our current work to allow other Wikibase instances to use Wikidata's Items and Properties seamlessly. * Data governance: We are concluding research around the current undestanding of people about which data should go where in the Wikibase Ecosystem. * Constraint reports: We limited Special:ConstraintReport to logged-in users to avoid AI scrapers hitting the systems too hard ([[phab:T401789])) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Cyprus|Cyprus]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] . [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 August 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> == Tech News: 2025-34 == <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:33, 19 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 25 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #694 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-18. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#693]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Rubah_Hitam_Vukova|Rubah Hitam Vukova]] - RfP scheduled to end after 31 August 2025 14:16 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/DifoolBot_7|DifoolBot 7]] - task(s): Adding a Wikipedia reference to unsourced day-precision [[d:Property:P569|date of birth (P569)]] and [[d:Property:P570|date of death (P570)]] claims. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Dolabbot|Dolabbot]] - task(s): Import module subpages from other wikis (mainly English wiktionary) to Korean wiktionary and addition of corresponding Wikidata sitelinks. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Pilot_Project_for_AI-Assisted_Wikidata_Onboarding_%26_Quality_Control|Pilot project for AI-Assisted Wikidata onboarding and Quality control]]. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The call for proposals deadline for [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]] is very close (end of the August). Submit your session proposals at this [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp Call for Proposals] page. ** Wikidata's 13th birthday decentralized events will take place in October and November 2025. Feel free to browse [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Run an event|the documentation pages]] to learn how to organize an event in your area and get in touch with other organizers. If you need funding support, make sure to apply for the micro-grants before the deadline of September 1st. Please help translate the documentation pages into your language. ** [[m:WikiCite_2025|WikiCite 2025]]: a 3-day (25 - 31 August 2025) conference, summit and hackathon for creating an ecosystem of bibliographical data. To attend online, please sign-up on the [[m:WikiCite_2025/Participants|Participants]] page. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://www.stephenharrison.com/p/how-wikidata-is-coding-for-humanity How Wikidata is coding for humanity] - In this interview, Lydia Pintscher of Wikimedia Deutschland speaks with Stephen Harrison on how Wikidata connects human and machine-readable knowledge and why contributing to it is having a global impact. * Papers: [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5396411#:~:text=Abstract,and%20automated%20decision%2Dmaking%20systems. Wikidata's Worldview: A Semantic Network Analysis of an AI Knowledge Pipeline] - The paper examines Wikidata as a key AI knowledge source, showing how its structures and classifications influence machine decision-making, and calls for greater transparency in AI data systems. * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=OeiXnbpRC2A What Wikidata Reveals About the Good Side of the Internet] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nuzw-qehCT8 Resolving the Empty Result Issue in the Wikidata Query Service] * Podcast: [https://www.iheart.com/podcast/263-tech-talks-daily-28475628/episode/3391-what-wikidata-reveals-about-the-290000631/ Tech Talks Daily - What Wikidata reveals about the good side of the internet?] - This episode features Lydia Pintscher who reveals how this massive, collaborative dataset empowers communities worldwide to build tools for the public good, and what a truly “good internet” can look like... * Presentations: [[d:File:Wikimania 2025 - Wikidata a whirlwind tour through the land of Wikidata-powered apps.pdf|Wikimania 2025 - Wikidata a whirlwind tour through the land of Wikidata-powered apps]] (slides for a talk showcasing Wikidata powered apps at Wikimania 2025) By Lydia Pintscher ''' Tool of the week ''' * The [[m:Como|Como GWAP]]<small> (''[[d:Q125832524|Q125832524]]'')</small> (games with a purpose) app has just released to the [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/como-a-crowdsourcing-game/id6686407794 iOS App Store]. Also playable in your [https://como.toolforge.org/ Web Browser] and Android ([https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.toolforge.como Google Play Store]), the latest release includes Stats tracking and Leaderboards. * A new tool [[Wikidata:Tools/SPARQL Recent Changes 2|SPARQL Recent Changes 2]] has been released and enables mass-validation of entities in Wikidata based on their recent changes. This tool enables users to ensure that whole subgraphs are valid according to any given EntitySchema! * [https://wikicrowd.toolforge.org/groups WikiCrowd] A tool for crowdsourced micro-edits on Wikimedia projects, letting users make quick contributions—like labeling images or answering simple questions—to improve data on Commons and Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[m:Wikisource reader app|Wikisource reader app]] was released. It utilizes the power of Wikidata. * [https://paulina.toolforge.org/ Paulina] won one of this year's [[m:Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Awards]] = Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review = <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Property:P13713|rewards this type of work]] (<nowiki>kind of work for which an award is given</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13715|‎watercraft prefix]] (<nowiki>prefix applied to watercraft operated by different organisations</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13718|‎proposed entity type]] (<nowiki>what a proposed entity would be</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13723|‎Modern Shrine Ranking]] (<nowiki>Rank in the Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13724|‎Cyclocross24 rider ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a cyclo-cross cyclist in the Cyclocross24 database</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13732|‎DuckDuckGo bang]] (<nowiki>Identifier for use of DuckDuckGo bang shortcut</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Property:P13701|Database dei fondi musicali toscani ID]], [[:d:Property:P13702|‎Deaf Movie Database person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13703|‎Deaf Movie Database genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P13704|‎Deaf Movie Database language ID]], [[:d:Property:P13705|‎Deaf Movie Database country ID]], [[:d:Property:P13706|‎MacPorts port]], [[:d:Property:P13707|‎dvdcompare.net film ID]], [[:d:Property:P13708|‎Encyclopedia of Indianapolis ID]], [[:d:Property:P13709|Mobility Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13712|PCPartPicker product type ID]], [[:d:Property:P13714|Library of Congress BIBFRAME Work ID]], [[:d:Property:P13716|USB device ID]], [[:d:Property:P13717|Rekhta Gujarati author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13719|A Dictionary of Public Health entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13720|Yandex Books author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13721|CoreTennis.net player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13722|rada.info council ID]], [[:d:Property:P13725|Athletics Podium person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13726|‎CESAR title ID]], [[:d:Property:P13727|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Russian version)]], [[:d:Property:P13728|Polish Taxpayer Identification Number]], [[:d:Property:P13729|‎Berardi Arte artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P13730|Swiss Films person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13731|Swiss Films company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13733|médiathèque de Sceaux catalog author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13734|EASIN ID]], [[:d:Property:P13735|A Dictionary of Genetics entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13736|A Dictionary of Sports Studies entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13737|Open Science Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P13738|PCI vendor hexadecimal ID]], [[:d:Property:P13739|NuGet package]], [[:d:Property:P13740|LINDAS ID]], [[:d:Property:P13741|‎Archaeological Cadastre (Greece) ID]], [[:d:Property:P13742|Dictionary of American Family Names ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/museociclismo|museociclismo]] (<nowiki>id for museociclismo.it</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificativo Viario di Roma|identificativo Viario di Roma]] (<nowiki>identifier for a street in Rome</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/form factor|form factor]] (<nowiki>physical design paradigm this object is aligned with</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/implies (2)|implies (2)]] (<nowiki>axiom or conjecture that this axiom or conjecture implies</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/comes with|comes with]] (<nowiki>object which is included with this item, but is not part of it</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letterboxd person ID|Letterboxd person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EU-ID|EU-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Viario di Roma ID|Viario di Roma ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kick username|Kick username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ene dilim ID|Ene dilim ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LTT Labs product ID|LTT Labs product ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Concept ID in Arab Encyclopedia|Concept ID in Arab Encyclopedia]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/La Fayette ID|La Fayette ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archivio Storico Ricordi partiture ID|Archivio Storico Ricordi partiture ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/United Methodist Church church ID|United Methodist Church church ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Record Group Number of National Archives Administration, Taiwan|Record Group Number of National Archives Administration, Taiwan]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Autostraddle topic ID|Autostraddle topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LGBTQ Nation tag ID|LGBTQ Nation tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Advocate tag ID|The Advocate tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Xtra Magazine topic ID|Xtra Magazine topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Out tag ID|Out tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Queerty tag ID|Queerty tag ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/F6NR Cool beaches in Antartica] ** [https://w.wiki/F8At Airports with IATA and/or ICAO airport codes, their wikidata Item id's and the English label of the Item] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Airport_query|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_They_not_were_witches_they_were_women WikiProject They Were Not Witches, They Were Women] - A Wikidata project preserving the stories of women accused as witches in Catalonia and Andorra (1419–1796). * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q9321426|Le Monde de Dory (Q9321426)]] - 2016 American animated film directed by Andrew Stanton * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L8031|消す (L8031)]] - Japanese verb (けす, kesu) meaning "to erase", "to turn off", or "to delete" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: After focusing on the initial read-only version, we are now starting the work on the actual editing mode. You can follow along with the development on [https://wikidata.beta.wmflabs.org beta Wikidata]. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are continuing to work on scalability issues around the number of changes from Wikidata that get sent to Wikipedia and co. As part of this we are continuing to look into how to decrease the number of changes in recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co that don't actually affect an article there. * GraphQL: We now have a prototype for GraphQL for Wikidata. We'd love to have your feedback about it, especially if you are a developer building applications with Wikidata's data. More details at [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL prototype|GraphQL prototype]] [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] . [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:32, 25 August 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> == Tech News: 2025-35 == <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:07, 26 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:40, 1 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #695 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-08-25. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#694]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: [[d:wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Rubah Hitam Vukova|Rubah Hitam Vukova]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Last chance to submit a session for [[d:Event:WikidataCon_2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the proposals deadline is imminent: head to this '''[https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp Call for Proposals page]''' to submit an idea'' (drafts are welcome, they can be edited for a week after the deadline).'' ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series: fourth session, ''Introduction to Wikidata/EMCO'', with a hands-on exercise creating a corporate body item and adding statements. Tuesday, September 2 – 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST ('''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html Time zone converter]'''). [[Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/IntroEMCO|More info and Zoom links]]. ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #80 September 15 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61752245 Mozilla Community Space Taipei]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Press: [https://www.fastcompany.com/91391335/big-tech-locks-data-away-wikidata-gives-it-back-to-the-internet Big Tech locks data away. Wikidata gives it back to the internet] * Blogs: [https://addshore.com/2025/08/wikidata-instance-of-and-subclass-of-through-time-p31-p279/ Wikidata, instance of and subclass of through time (P31 & P279)] * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=M0Bk83ZLTyw&pp=0gcJCRsBo7VqN5tD LD4 2025 - Wikidata Affinity Group Session - Introduction to Wikidata for Entity Management] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=dviYC912yQs&pp=0gcJCRsBo7VqN5tD How to create a work and edition in Wikidata] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://toolsadmin.wikimedia.org/tools/id/enet DerDieDas for Danish] is a Wikidata-based game to practice Danish. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is hiring a [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/58843265?l=en Senior Software Engineer (all genders) for the Wikibase Suite], starting October 1, 2025. The role is full-time or part-time, hybrid, and based in Berlin, focused on building open-source tools for linked open data. * The [[m:Grants:Project/Rapid/Tech|Rapid Fund/Tech]] program, launched on July 24, 2025, provides up to $5,000 per project for coding tools that improve contributions to Wikimedia projects. Applications are reviewed every two months, with priority for impactful projects with clear, critical, and well-planned milestones. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13745|parts per area]] (<nowiki>average number of parts per unit of area</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13749|‎display size (diagonal)]] (<nowiki>diagonal length of a rectangular electronic display</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13743|Digital ROC people ID]], [[:d:Property:P13744|Digital ROC event ID]], [[:d:Property:P13746|T10 vendor ID string]], [[:d:Property:P13747|Confederation of African Tennis player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13748|‎Nextroom building ID]], [[:d:Property:P13750|Concept ID in Arab Encyclopedia]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/game stat|game stat]] (<nowiki>metric to what extent a character in a role-playing game (or game with role-playing elements) possesses a specific natural, in-born characteristic common to all characters in the game</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/open meeting page URL|open meeting page URL]] (<nowiki>Information page describing open meetings, public meetings or town hall meetings</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Islamic calligraphy|Islamic calligraphy]] (<nowiki>property that shows the Islamic calligraphy for a person</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Minfin company ID|Minfin company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss Performing Arts vocabularies ID|Swiss Performing Arts vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Doha Dictionary root id|Doha Dictionary root id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sharjah Dictionary root id|Sharjah Dictionary root id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fantacalcio ID|Fantacalcio ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GayCities ID|GayCities ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Washington Blade tag ID|Washington Blade tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IN Magazine tag ID|IN Magazine tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Teen Vogue tag ID|Teen Vogue tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diva tag ID|Diva tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Attitude tag ID|Attitude tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Metro Source tag ID|Metro Source tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PLUS tag ID|PLUS tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wussy Magazine tag ID|Wussy Magazine tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Plant Ontology ID|Plant Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dimensions.com element ID|Dimensions.com element ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISU-Skating.com-Identifikator|ISU-Skating.com-Identifikator]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/AhtV Species of birds and their sounds] ([https://x.com/espejolento/status/1814353851253735846 source]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Art_UK WikiProject Art UK] is an effort to document the various properties and volunteer (art-related) work on Wikidata. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q82069695|SARS-CoV-2 (Q82069695)]] - virus that causes COVID-19 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L303896|øye (L303896)]] - Norwegian noun (ˈœʏə) meaning "organ of sight", "gaze or look", or "point of view" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We developed the first pieces of the edit mode as well as the ability to add statements. You can always follow along on [https://m.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Q424242 beta Wikidata] and find more information on the [[d:Wikidata:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|project page]]. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to look into reducing the number of changes that show up on Wikipedia and co's Recent changes and Watchlist ([[phab:T401284]]) * Federation: We looked at previous requests to add new endpoints to the list of SPARQL endpoints you can federate with and are cleaning up the process for getting new ones added. If you have one you'd like to write federated SPARQL queries to now is a good time to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VYCK46OQWF5IZERU5LFMHDLENI62NQJP/ request them]. * Lexicographical data: You can now limit searches to Lexemes with a Lemma in a specific spelling variant with the '''haslemma''' keywords and to Lexemes with a specific language with the '''in language''' keyword. Examples: [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=lexeme%3Ahaslemma%3Aen-au%2Cen-ca&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1&searchToken=9no6tq1pxsndwkxnvs7p8av0e 1] [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?search=inlanguage%3Aoc&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns146=1&searchToken=4zxweq7wlit9q2rhcljfk1zp5 2] ([[phab:T271776]]) * GraphQL: We are evaluating feedback we received so far. If you are developing applications with Wikidata's data it'd be great if you could [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL prototype|have a look at the current prototype and provide feedback]]. * Dumps: We are experimenting to see how we can provide smaller subset dumps for Wikidata ([[phab:T400870]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] . [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:30, 1 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29142512 --> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29207107 --> == Tech News: 2025-36 == <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:45, 1 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == This Month in Education: August 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 8 • August 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom|Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki|Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins|Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI|Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader|From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators|From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain|Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal|Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network|Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/The brains behind Wikipedia|The brains behind Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers|Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point|Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers|Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University|Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers|St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna|Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education|In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer|Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:16, 2 September 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29205629 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ja:トンスル]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee. Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:28, 8 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #696 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-09-08. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#695]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot:[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/IndExsBot| IndExsBot]] - Task(s): Add Subject external identifier [[d:Property:P12371|IndExs Exsiccata editor ID (P12371)]] to existing persons which are stated in the indexes of [[d:Q125246464|Exsiccatae]] database. ''' Events ''' * Past events: ** The [[:m:WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] conference took place in Berne, Switzerland. It showcased WikiCite-related efforts across multiple wikis, disciplines, languages and countries. Most of it was both streamed and recorded, and the videos are currently being processed. ** The [[:toolforge:scholia/event/Q131386723|SEMANTICS 2025]] conference took place in Vienna, Austria. Wikidata was mentioned in several keynotes and multiple other talks, posters and demos. The poster [[:commons:File:The Wikidata Query Service split and its impact on the scholarly graph - poster at the SEMANTICS 2025 conference.pdf|The Wikidata Query Service split and its impact on the scholarly graph]] zoomed in on the [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS graph split]]. * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday|Wikidata's 13th Birthday]] update: Funding applications are now closed, and the review process is underway. Applicants will be notified about the status of their submissions shortly. Are you planning to organize an event for the birthday but haven’t added it to the calendar yet? You can do so here: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Calendar|Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Calendar]] 🎉 ** The deadline for the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/EPB4LTXZA2FFUINWUC3LAGHYWG6ZED6Y/ Fall 2025 MediaWiki Users & Developers Conference] CfP is extended until September 15th. The conference will be held on October 28 - 30th, and hosted by the TIB Leibniz Centre in Hanover, Germany. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: Past, Present and Future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library: TiagoLubiana reflects on their tenure at the [[d:Q172266|BHL (Q172266)]], integrating the biodiversity collections into the Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Read on Diff Blog] * Papers: Revealing hidden figures within natural history collections by empowering students with data sleuthing skills - Mabry et al.,(2025) [https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nse2.70025 Read here] * Videos: ** WiLES Wikidata Lexicographical Event Semantics modeling for natural languages (LD4 2025) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JAi0p1aJzM YouTube] ** Wikidata presentations and lightning talks (LD4 2025) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Kj_QNklPbs YouTube] ** On Wikiskills 1st Wikidata Training (Africa Wiki Women) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=xnCOBqResik YouTube] ** (French) Lors de la 1ère formation Wikidata de Wikiskills [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=E92TkPJvomY YouTube] ** Plugging into the WikiVerse: A Plug for a Wikidata Plug-in for ArchivesSpace [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=2Jwlu_AXcV4 YouTube] * Presentations: ** [[m:WikiCite_2025|WikiCite 2025]] presentation slidedecks can be found linked individually from the [[m:m:WikiCite_2025/Programme|programme page]] or collectively on the [[c:Category:WikiCite_2025_presentation_slides|Commons category]]. ** [https://slides.com/wragge/wikifest-slv-2025 Wikidata / GLAM a few experiments]... by Tim Sherratt showcasing reuse of Wikidata ''' Tool of the week ''' * Dacit is a listening-training app for cochlear implant users, built as part of a Master's Thesis for LMU Munich, it is powered by Wikidata-lexicographical data. Practice with 3 different excercises; identify (German-language) speakers, words and minimal pairs in your [https://dacit.kristbaum.org/ browser] or as an [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kristbaum.dacit&hl=en android app] * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:TomT0m/LexToWiktionary.js LexToWiktonary]is a userscript that adds a Wiktionary links button on Wikidata Lexeme pages. It checks the lemmas of a lexeme, finds matching entries across different Wiktionary language editions, and shows them in a popup for quick access, with an option to expand to all Wiktionaries. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The submission deadline for [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon]] proposals has passed. Proposals that were submitted in time can still be edited until Sep 9. Proposals are hidden by default, but [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025/Submissions|a page for sharing submissions]] is available and can facilitate coordination. * [[mw:Help:Growth/Tools/Help panel|Help Panel]] has been deployed on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page Wikidata Beta].🎉 This is a feature designed to guide contributors with quick links to relevant help pages. It currently appears in read mode across most pages and can be configured by admins. You can enable it in your Beta preferences under "Newcomer features". To help shape its future on Wikidata, we're inviting you to test it and share feedback on [[mw:Help_talk:Growth/Tools/Help_panel|this talk]] page. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P13768|form factor]] (<nowiki>physical design paradigm this object is aligned with</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13751|The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13752|The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13753|Valais cantonal parliament ID]], [[:d:Property:P13754|Arcanes ID]], [[:d:Property:P13755|A Dictionary of Travel and Tourism entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13756|IGDB keyword ID]], [[:d:Property:P13757|A Dictionary of Dentistry entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13758|Record Group Number of the National Archives Administration, National Development Council, Taiwan (R.O.C.)]], [[:d:Property:P13760|A Dictionary of Environment and Conservation entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13761|Doha Dictionary root id]], [[:d:Property:P13762|Sharjah Dictionary root id]], [[:d:Property:P13763|Saulchoir library ID]], [[:d:Property:P13764|Observer tag]], [[:d:Property:P13765|‎Hamburger Frauenbiografien ID]], [[:d:Property:P13766|Ophardt Team Sportevent person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13767|Museum of Fine Arts, Lyon object ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Release date of film|Release date of film]] (<nowiki>The date when a film was first released to the public</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/part number 2|part number 2]] (<nowiki>identifier for a product or part designated by its manufacturer for inventory and ordering purposes</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/backwards compatible with|backwards compatible with]] (<nowiki>backwards compatible with the identified platform, software, or system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/level or map of|level or map of]] (<nowiki>video games that this video game level or map belongs to</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/resistance|resistance]] (<nowiki>Resistance of organisms (systems) to common adverserial influences like pests, pathogens, drugs, attack vectors, ...</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GBFS feed URL|GBFS feed URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a GBFS feed for the bicycle-sharing system</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GENC 3-character code|GENC 3-character code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/L'Équipe athlete ID|L'Équipe athlete ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sancho el Sabio Foundation ID|Sancho el Sabio Foundation ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/British Authors author ID|British Authors author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gamepadla ID|Gamepadla ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VGA Legacy MKIII ID|VGA Legacy MKIII ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Noormags ID|Noormags ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/qamus.inoor.ir entry ID|qamus.inoor.ir entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RSQV ID|RSQV ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Naturalis authority ID|Naturalis authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital Library of the Community of Madrid ID|Digital Library of the Community of Madrid ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Trainspo model ID|Trainspo model ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/FG$r Number of hospital beds] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Request_a_query Source]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_ASBS_2025 WikiProject ASBS 2025] - Aims to Engage the botanical community at the 2025 ASBS Conference to promote and enhance contributions to Wikidata, Wikipedia, and Wikimedia Commons. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L739282|PC (L739282)]] - English noun (ˌpiːˈsiː) meaning "Personal Computer", "Printed Circuit", or "Peace Corps" ''' Development ''' * We're investigate options for improving information saved while publishing ([[phab:T403149]]) * Mobile Editing Experience: we added multi-language support ([[phab:T402630|T402630]]) * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to look into reducing the number of changes that show up on Wikipedia and co's Recent changes and Watchlist from edits to aliases ([[phab:T401288]]), [[m:m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Reduce_change_propagation_noise#More_granular_Alias_tracking|more info]] [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:41, 8 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29224612 --> == ''The Signpost'': 9 September 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/News and notes|Wikimedia Foundation loses a round in court]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/In the media|Congress probes, mayor whitewashed, AI stinks]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Disinformation report|A guide for Congress]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Recent research|Minority-language Wikipedias, and Wikidata for botanists]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Technology report|A new way to read Wikisource]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Traffic report|Check out some new ''Weapons'', weapon of choice]] * Essay: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-09-09/Essay|The one question]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 01:08, 9 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29233676 --> == Tech News: 2025-37 == <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:09, 9 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VIII, August 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025 in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Expanding Cultural Heritage in Brazil: School communities, Wikisource course, GLAM-Wiki Impact and Wiki Takes Alcântara * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization starts at two more libraries in West Bengal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Grant for GLAM Indonesia is open! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From food festivals to PhD courses: Wikimedia in Italian academia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: NZ species edit-a-thons, a scholarly article, a course, and Auckland Museum editors at Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Highlights from Wiki Heritage Fellowship and Policy Advocacy in Nigeria * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wiki Loves Film – Collaboration with MakeDox Film Festival * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiChełmoński: When Wikipedia Becomes a Guide in the Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: BAM Hackathon, 3D for Cultural Heritage, Wiki Cite * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Working towards more image sharing * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiknics * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: News on BHL transition and updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Steps towards a sustainable cultural commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: A pivotal month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Wikisource Reader app released on Google Play Store * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:25, 11 September 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29253474 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the "Kapsan faction". This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 15 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29249252 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #697 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-09-15. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#696]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Project Chat: [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Multiple_items_linked_to_single_categories,_redux|Multiple items linked to single categories, redux]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The New Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series introduces participants to Wikidata/EMCO. The session guides attendees through creating a project and project page, followed by an open working hour for creating and editing in Wikidata and asking questions. Join on Tuesday, September 16th at 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST. More details and Zoom links are on the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/IntroEMCO|project page]]. **[[w:pt:Wikipédia:Edit-a-thon/Atividades em português/Wikidata Lab XLVI|Wikidata Lab XLVI: Wikidata and semantic memory]] (in English). On September 18th, at 17UTC. Live [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1blwYH68xI on Youtube]. ** '''Virtual course: Wikidata and public domain (in Spanish)'''. On September 25th start this online course until March 26, 2026. [https://www.articaonline.com/curso-en-linea-wikidata-y-dominio-publico/ Registration open on this form]. ** [[d:Event:Govdirectory US office hour September 2025|Govdirectory US office hour]], 25 September ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/GM6ODGJLVISTTXGSPPGS6W2TVAPI3QQA/ Apply now: Scholarships for Wikimania 2026 in Paris!] Deadline is October 31, 2025 (anywhere in the world). Notification of decisions will be sent in January 2026. ** Notifications for [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday|Wikidata Thirteenth Birthday]] microgrant applications are currently being sent out in batches. If you are planning to run an event but have not yet added your event to the calendar, please do so here: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday/Calendar|Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday/Calendar]] ** [[d:Event:WikidataCon_2025|WikidataCon 2025]] proposal reviews are about to end. We are currently building an initial programme and will soon inform Speakers before publishing a first Schedule! ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: GLAM Newsletter: Biodiversity Heritage Library update, harvesting Wikidata identifiers and improving the [https://bhl2wiki.herokuapp.com/ BHL2Wiki Tool] - ''[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August_2025/Contents/Biodiversity_Heritage_Library_report|Read the article]]'' * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=kArK6yf4jGA EduWiki Conference - Using AI on Wikipedia and Wikidata Editing for Health Education] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6gjBPOXm-ak Using Duplicity: Link Wikipedia articles to Wikidata Items] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7kNjuXnsa6c How to Get the Used Language in WIKIDATA/SPARQL with [AUTO_LANGUAGE Parameter] ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=JmGNeehrnUc Let's improve information about Carnival on Wikidata] ** Wikidata Lab XLVI: Wikidata and Semantic Memory, don't miss the workshop! (scheduled: 18.09.25, 1700 UTC) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1blwYH68xI&pp=ygUIV2lraWRhdGE%3D YouTube] * WikiCite 2025 Presentations: ** Extracting citation relations from legacy publications, by David Lindeman - [[c:File:Extracting_citation_relations_from_legacy_publications.webm|watch on Commons]] ** A proposal for managing personal collections in Wikidata, by Tania Maio - [[c:File:Maio_Wikicite_2025.webm|watch on Commons]] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://paulina.toolforge.org/ Paulina] is a Wikidata-based tool for the GLAM community that facilitates searching for authors and works, helps identify their copyright status in different countries, and provides access to works when available. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Help us test the new [[mw:Help:Growth/Tools/Help_panel|Help Panel]] feature, now enabled on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page Wikidata Beta] * The Wikimedia Foundation launched a new team, the [[mw:Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform Team]], to lead development and maintenance of query services, aiming for stable, scalable data access in collaboration with WMDE and the community. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13769|open meeting page URL]] (<nowiki>information page describing open meetings, public meetings or town hall meetings</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13773|‎LSF rating]] (<nowiki>Indonesia film classification administered by the Film Censorship Board</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13783|‎designed for handedness]] (<nowiki>hand(s) that this object is intended to be used with</nowiki>) *New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13770|Personnel de l'administration préfectorale depuis 1945 ID]], [[:d:Property:P13771|La Fayette ID]], [[:d:Property:P13772|Harper's tag]], [[:d:Property:P13774|‎TechnoMusicWorld artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P13775|‎TechnoMusicWorld track ID]], [[:d:Property:P13776|‎Serbian settlement ID]], [[:d:Property:P13777|‎setlist.fm festival ID]], [[:d:Property:P13778|ScholarGPS scholar ID]], [[:d:Property:P13779|ScholarGPS institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P13780|ScholarGPS field and discipline ID]], [[:d:Property:P13781|ScholarGPS specialty ID]], [[:d:Property:P13782|The Digital Ark person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13784|MHOBT ID]], [[:d:Property:P13785|Gamepadla ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NRK topic ID|NRK topic ID]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/result of addition|result of addition]] (<nowiki>mathematical result obtained by adding two or more numbers or quantities together</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenStreetMap key|OpenStreetMap key]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Meetup.com Event ID|Meetup.com Event ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biological Imaging Methods Ontology ID|Biological Imaging Methods Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anne Frank House persond ID|Anne Frank House persond ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PortableApps ID|PortableApps ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant Maitron d'une commune|Identifiant Maitron d'une commune]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Library Board Singapore ID (new scheme)|National Library Board Singapore ID (new scheme)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NWO Project ID|NWO Project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenITI Author URI|OpenITI Author URI]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DisplaySpecifications.com model ID|DisplaySpecifications.com model ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/网易云音乐专辑编号|网易云音乐专辑编号]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PnP vendor ID|PnP vendor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PnP device ID|PnP device ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mellopedia|Mellopedia]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/FLRz Artworks owned by Perls Dynasty] - see it visualised on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GPlcOvCVMo&list=PLkHbiY2yRD8rlWkuKf-Utl7GTuW37grZQ&index=5 YouTube] ** [https://w.wiki/tBr BubbleChart of Wikidata Lexeme forms by language] ** [https://w.wiki/FLUM Institutions that host the most UNESCO Memory of the World International Register inscriptions] ([[:d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/memory_of_the_world|Source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:Wikiproject_University_of_Toronto_Libraries_EMCO|University of Toronto Libraries EMCO]], [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Jewish_Studies_and_Jewish_Heritage|Jewish Studies and Heritage]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q6911|Diary of Anne Frank (Q6911)]] - famous diary of a 13-year old Dutch Jewish girl hiding from the Nazis to escape the Holocaust * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]:[[d:Lexeme:L4476|blow (L4476)]] - English verb (bloʊ) meaning "to push air", "to explode", or "to perform fellatio" ''' Development ''' * Scalability/sustainability: We have rolled out changes to minimize the number of entries stored in the recent changes tables of Wikipedia and co that are edits coming from Wikidata. This also reduces the number of changes from Wikidata you will see showing up in Recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co further. * [https://modelcontextprotocol.io MCP] for Wikidata: We are getting it ready for first testing. * Dumps: We are continuing to investigate how to provide smaller/subset dumps. * [[d:Wikidata:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile statement editing]]: We are continuing the work on making statements editable, especially qualifiers and multiple references. * [[d:Q134301689|Anubis (Q134301689)]] anti-bot software was deployed on Wikibase Cloud and XTools to prevent site outages caused by bot traffic. ([[Phab:T399851|T399851]], [[Phab:T400229|T400229]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Japan|Japan]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] . [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:51, 15 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29224612 --> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29241745 --> == Tech News: 2025-38 == <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:02, 15 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:45, 22 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29311347 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #698 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-09-22. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#697]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[Event:Exploring Seediq: A Journey through Translation and Linked Data Documentation|Exploring Seediq: A Journey through Translation and Linked Data Documentation]] 25 October .This event will showcase the Seediq communities’ translation of the OCLC white paper on Wikibase, followed by an overview of the full paper. It will conclude with an open discussion on the lessons learned during the translation project and broader reflections on linked data. ** [[d:Event:Govdirectory US office hour September 2025|Govdirectory US office hour]], 25 September ** FREE virtual 1hr Wiki webinar focusing on plant biodiversity. Open to anyone wanting to improve their digital outreach skills by enriching Wikidata. Tuesday 14th of October at 3pm NZST. [https://tepapa.zoom.us/meeting/register/_g4sKy2KTYGMIhtNIAxGeA#/registration Register to get link]. ** [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday|Wikidata’s 13th Birthday]] is just around the corner! Are you planning to host a celebration but haven’t added it to the calendar yet? Join the party! Thirty-nine (39) events are already scheduled, and yours can be too: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Calendar|Birthday Calendar]]. It’s also the perfect time to contribute a birthday present or message to [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages|this list]]. Gifts can be anything that celebrates Wikidata and its amazing community like a script you’ve written, a tool improvement, a visual, a poem... 🎉 ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: (French) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=RbxuPd7eprk Formation Wikidata 2 de WikiSkills] By Africa Wiki Women ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikidata-todo.toolforge.org/duplicity/#/ Duplicity] This tool can pick a random article on a wiki without associated Wikidata item, and offer some possible matches on Wikidata, so you can add it to an existing item, or create a new one. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[phab:T403210|Call for Projects and Mentors for Outreachy Round 31]]! If you have some ideas for coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, outreach, research) projects, share them by Sept. 26, 2025, at 4 pm UTC ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13787|number of ray tracing cores]] (<nowiki>number of ray tracing cores in a graphics processing unit</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13788|VRAM capacity]] (<nowiki>amount of dual-ported video RAM (VRAM) modules used by this device</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13789|‎has wireless capabilities]] (<nowiki>type of wireless connectivity this device has/supports</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13794|date filed]] (<nowiki>filing date for a document, e.g. a patent or court case</nowiki>) * New External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13785|Gamepadla ID]], [[:d:Property:P13786|OpenStreetMap key]], [[:d:Property:P13790|EU-ID]], [[:d:Property:P13791|Roma road ID]], [[:d:Property:P13792|‎LTT Labs product ID]], [[:d:Property:P13793|Swiss Performing Arts Vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Property:P13795|wikiHow article ID]], [[:d:Property:P13796|‎GamesIndustry.biz tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P13797|‎Dimensions.com element ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/image+display resolution|image+display resolution]] (<nowiki>pixel resolution of images generated or captured by this item (camera, software, etc)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/firmware|firmware]] (<nowiki>firmware installed on this hardware</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/excluding work|excluding work]] (<nowiki>work or narration for or in which this statement is <em>false</em></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has grammatical number|has grammatical number]] (<nowiki>grammatical number used in this language</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Day of Reisai|Day of Reisai]] (<nowiki>Annual Festival done by a Shinto Shrine</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/https://football.aek.com/|https://football.aek.com/]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Météo-France place ID|Météo-France place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hex package|Hex package]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Maptons ID|Maptons ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BVPB catalog ID|BVPB catalog ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dati.lnb.lv ID|dati.lnb.lv ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Needle Drop tag ID|The Needle Drop tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AfterEllen tag ID|AfterEllen tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenStreetMap relation type|OpenStreetMap relation type]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Them.us tag ID|Them.us tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DOAB book ID|DOAB book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Liste unique des décorés|identifiant Liste unique des décorés]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deník tag ID|Deník tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture entry ID|The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/qamus.inoor.ir root ID|qamus.inoor.ir root ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmarks ID|Filmarks ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/FLJ7 A map of IEC 60320 power connectors] - a cool SPARQL visualisation, by [[d:User:IagoQnsi|User:IagoQnsi]] ** [https://w.wiki/FN5J 350 people who were married, then married the sibling of their previous spouse] ([https://bsky.app/profile/magnusmanske.wikis.world.ap.brid.gy/post/3lz4kuxvpcn62 source]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q33947|Northern Sami (Q33947)]] - famoumost widely spoken of all Sámi languages * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L37547|Waage (L37547)]] – German noun (‘ˈvaːɡə’) meaning "scale (device for measuring mass)", "Libra constellation", or "equilibrium" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We are working more on the editing state of statements, especially qualifiers and progress indicators during saving ([[phab:T402620]]) * Dumps: We fixed an issue with some of the dumps ([[phab:T403882]]) and are improving the monitoring * GraphQL: We are working on making it easier to get labels of linked entities in an API response, starting with Items ([[phab:T404692]]) * Sustainability: We have now rolled out improvements to the tracking of Wikidata changes on the other Wikimedia projects on all projects in order to decrease the size of the database table that tracks these changes ([[phab:T401288]]) * Bug fixes: Tacsipacsi submitted fixes for two issues in error messages on Special:SetSiteLink. Thank you! ([[phab:T404499]], [[phab:T404500]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/United_States_of_America|United States of America]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] · [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:17, 22 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> [[Category:Wikidata status updates| ]] <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29288740 --> == Tech News: 2025-39 == <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 22 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == Users unable to create new pages on [[Wy/ff]] == Hello sir, can you help check this [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incubator:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Error_in_Wikivoyage_Fulfulde_Incubator_(Wy/ff) this complain] please. Many of our community members are having this issue. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|talk]]) 09:38, 27 September 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] Probably you need to as this problem at [[I:AN]]? [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 21:32, 27 September 2025 (UTC) ::The complain was posted there already by another user. I followed-up here thinking it might help in attending to the issue as quickly as possible. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|talk]]) 08:51, 28 September 2025 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori. Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:58, 29 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #699 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-09-29. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#698]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Empat_Tilda|Empat Tilda]]: RfP scheduled to end after 3 October 2025 18:30 (UTC) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** New Linked Data for Libraries [[d:Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] project series! Mark your calendars for our first session of our WikiProject Personal Pronouns event series, which will provide a high-level overview of WikiProject Personal Pronouns' goals, past work, and implementation plans. The session will also serve as a practical orientation to the implementation work for this project, ending with a demonstration of the workflow to be used in subsequent sessions. No previous Wikidata experience is needed to participate. This session will be recorded. Slides and recordings will be found on the project page after the session. Join us Tuesday, September 30th at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=LD4+Wikidata+Affinity+Group+Project+Series+Call&iso=20250930T09&p1=234&ah=1 Time zone converter]). Please see our [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/PersonalPronouns|project page]] for more information and Zoom links. ** Wikidata are hosting a [[d:Event:Embedding_Project_Webinar|webinar on the Embedding Project]]: AI/ML Project Manager Philippe Saadé (WMDE) will introduce the project, including early experiences, wins and pitfalls, and open up the floor to your questions. *** Takes place 1600 - 1700 UTC, October 9, 2025. *** Embedding Project? [[d:Wikidata:Embedding_Project|Read about it here]] *** Want to join the Webinar? [[d:Special:EventDetails/2196|Please register here with your Wiki account]] ** 🎁 Countdown to 13!🎁 Wikidata's 13th Birthday is fast approaching and this week marks the start of the first Birthday Events! For a full rundown of all Birthday Events, please see the [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday/Calendar|Birthday Calendar]].<br> Starting the month of celebrations this week include: Wali Wikimedians Community, Latin America in Wikidata 2025, Hausa Wikipedians User Group and the language communities of Zambia, Twi and Kinyarwanda and regional celebrations from the Northern Nigerian, Dagbani and Ghanaians Wikimedian communities! ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://tech-news.wikimedia.de/2025/09/19/enhanced-search-for-wikibase/ Enhanced Search for Wikibase] ** [https://cthoyt.com/2025/09/25/enriching-ror-with-wikidata.html Suggesting new relations in ROR from Wikidata] By Charles Tapley Hoyt * Papers: ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.15501 Protoknowledge Shapes Behaviour of LLMs: Text-to-SPARQL] ** [https://orb.binghamton.edu/librarian_fac/117/ Wikidata Workflows: with ORCiD and OpenRefine - a Binghamton University Case Study] By Sasha Frizzell - This lightning talk outlines Binghamton University Libraries’ pilot project to convert ORCID faculty data into Wikidata entries, showcasing linked data integration, data cleaning workflows, and strategies for enhancing institutional research visibility. * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PJSWWGuPzJE Wikidata tutorial: how to merge duplicate items] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=DeHIq3wX7GE Wikidata Wikishootme SAT] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=gEVKAoQc0jM How to Fetch Subclasses and Parent Classes in Wikidata SPARQL Queries] ** (Portuguese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=41FtK-tbrK4 Black women in history through Wikidata] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkUjnDEZuYU Provenance and Restitution: Shared knowledge graphs as a tool in recovering looted cultural heritage] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Jon_Harald_S%C3%B8by/senseItemLabel.js senseItemLabel] is a UserScript by [[User:Jon Harald Søby]] The Script Lets you add the lemma for the current lexeme as a label to items added to the lexeme's senses as [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P5137 item for this sense (P5137)] in one click. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * If you've noticed a performance issue with Magnus Manske's MixMatch gagdet, [[d:User:IagoQnsi|User:IagoQnsi]] has suggested a fix, the comment and code is available from [[d:User_talk:Magnus_Manske/mixnmatch_gadget.js#Performance_fix|Talk:Magnus Manske#MixMatch performance]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13801|‎Lemmy instance URL]] (<nowiki>the Lemmy instance of or about the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13802|‎part number]] (<nowiki>identifier for a product or part designated by its manufacturer for inventory and ordering purposes</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13798|Noormags ID]], [[:d:Property:P13799|PnP device ID]], [[:d:Property:P13800|PnP vendor ID]], [[:d:Property:P13803|‎GENC 3-character code]], [[:d:Property:P13804|‎Sancho el Sabio Foundation ID]], [[:d:Property:P13805|‎British Authors author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13806|VGA Legacy MKIII graphics card ID]], [[:d:Property:P13807|‎qamus.inoor.ir entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13808|PortableApps ID]], [[:d:Property:P13809|Chinese Engineers Relational Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13810|‎DisplaySpecifications.com model ID]], [[:d:Property:P13811|Vix Vocal work id]], [[:d:Property:P13812|Naturalis author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum supported display resolution|maximum supported display resolution]] (<nowiki>maximum pixel resolution that this computing hardware or technological standard supports</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/cookie policy|cookie policy]] (<nowiki>cookie policy of this website, software or digital product</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/yayasan ID|yayasan ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for Indonesian foundation on vervalyayasan.data.kemdikbud.go.id</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/luminance|luminance]] (<nowiki>measured quantity of photometric brightness (luminous intensity per area)</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmarks ID|Filmarks ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Medicin.dk disorder ID|Medicin.dk disorder ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Interaktionsdatabasen ID|Interaktionsdatabasen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition entry ID|A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenStreetMap role|OpenStreetMap role]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TechPowerUp CPU Specs Database ID|TechPowerUp CPU Specs Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GPUZoo ID|GPUZoo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CPU-World ID|CPU-World ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adebiportal author|Adebiportal author]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RIA Novosti person ID|RIA Novosti person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion entry ID|The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Qalamger.kz author ID|Qalamger.kz author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Does the Dog Die? media ID|Does the Dog Die? media ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sultanlar Ligi player ID|Sultanlar Ligi player ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/FRz9 maps of running and closed railway stations in Denmark] ** [https://w.wiki/FUDK Formula One Teams by employee count] - source: Discord * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Piano_Rolls|Piano Rolls]] - has bee greatly expanded and subpages added. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Open_Topstukken_Maastricht_University_and_Radboud_University/Manual|Open Topstukken Maastricht University and Radboud University]] - A user manual for contributing. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q1059888|Because You Left (Q1059888)]] - episode of Lost (S5 E1) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]:[[d:Lexeme:L298686|Knoten (L298686)]] - German noun (ˈknoːtn̩) meaning "tied fastening of ropes/strings", "speed unit in aviation/shipping", or "tangled clump of hair" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We continue to make good progress, which you can check out on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Q593112&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile beta Wikidata]. Specifically it is now possible to ** save changes to edits made to string Properties on statements (without losing qualifier / reference information) ([[phab:T401405]]) ** change the rank of statements ([[phab:T402436]]) * Query Service UI: jhsoby submitted patches for two issues related to the example dialog. Thank you! ([[phab:T405747]], [[phab:T405720]]) * Lexicographical data: 1F616EMO submitted a patch to fix a localization issue on the Lexeme page. Thank you! ([[phab:T322526]]) * Dumps: We fixed issues with the n-triples and truthy dumps generation and set up a [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/6c666ea5-01de-4325-9c32-41ee09882368/wikidata-data-dumps-monitoring?orgId=1&from=now-90d&to=now&timezone=utc dashboard for monitoring] ([[phab:T403882]]) * GraphQL: We are continuing to make labels of linked entities accessible in the GraphQL endpoint ([[phab:T404692]]) * Wikidata in Wikipedia and co: We are continuing to work on improvements to how we technically track the use of Wikidata in the other Wikimedia projects in order to reduce the amount of changes from Wikidata in the watchlist and recent changes on Wikipedia and co. * Wikidata Query Service GUI: We deployed two fixes by [[:d:User:Jon Harald Søby|User:Jon Harald Søby]], thank you! ([[phab:T405720]], [[phab:T405747]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:55, 29 September 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29355234 --> == Tech News: 2025-40 == <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:47, 29 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == ''The Signpost'': 2 October 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/News and notes|Larry Sanger returns with "Nine Theses on Wikipedia"; WMF publishes transparency report]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/In the media|Extraordinary eruption of "EVIL" explained]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Disinformation report|Emails from a paid editing client]] * Discussion report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Discussion report|Sourcing, conduct, policy and LLMs: another 1,339 threads analyzed]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Community view|The pressing questions of the modern WWW, as seen from the Village Pump]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Recent research|Is Wikipedia a merchant of (non-)doubt for glyphosate?; eight projects awarded Wikimedia Research Fund grants]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Opinion|Some disputes aren't worth it]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Obituary|Michael Q. Schmidt]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Traffic report|Death, hear me call your name]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-02/Comix|A grand spectacle]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 06:54, 2 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29367448 --> == This Month in Education: September 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 9 • September 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination|Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners|CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism & Folklore 2025 Winners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025|2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište|Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters|Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach |Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan|Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU & Alvan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia|Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Monográfico sobre Wikipedia en el aula, Revista Docere|Monograph on Wikipedia in the classroom, Docere Magazine]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan|The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025|The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes|Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cultura libre en las aulas|Free culture in the classroom]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs|Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:10, 2 October 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29344785 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:48, 6 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #700 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-10-06. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#699]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[d:Event:WikidataCon_2025|WikidataCon 2025]] - The first version of the conference schedule has been released! See the Event page for links to the schedule (and to register if you haven't already). ** [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth_Birthday/Calendar|13th Birthday Events]] - check the calendar to see which Birthday events are happening this week! ** [[d:Event:Embedding_Project_Webinar|Webinar: Embedding Project]] - join us this week, October 9 1600 ~ 1700 UTC, to hear a presentation and then pose your questions regarding the [[d:Wikidata:Embedding_Project|Embedding Project]] ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1760544000 18:00 CEST], 15th October 2025 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. * Past events: ** Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 - Learning Day (September 25, at the Goethe Institut in Thessaloniki): the main topic was Wikidata and libraries; the program and the materials of the hands-on session are available in the [[:meta:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025/Learning Day|Meta page]], the slides of the presentations are available in the [[:commons:Category:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025 Learning Day presentations|Commons category]] ** Convegno NILDE (October 2-3, University of Genoa; [https://convegnonilde2025.unige.it/ website]): in the first session, regarding ''Il futuro dei cataloghi'' [The future of the catalogs], many presentations (in Italian) have mentioned the use of Wikidata in collective library catalogs; the proceedings of the conference (in Italian) will be published in open access in early 2026: *** [[User:LiaFla|Lianna D'Amato]] and Emanuela Secinaro, ''Cobis LOD: integrare e aumentare i cataloghi eterogenei delle biblioteche specialistiche'' [Cobis LOD: Integrating and Enhancing the Heterogeneous Catalogs of Specialized Libraries] ([[:commons:File:Convegno NILDE 2 10 2025 CoBiSLOD Integrare e aumentare i cataloghi eterogenei delle biblioteche specialistiche.pptx.pdf|slides]]) *** [[User:Bargioni|Stefano Bargioni]], ''La catalogazione per entità, esperienze pratiche della rete URBE con Parsifal'' [Entity cataloging: practical experiences of the URBE network with Parsifal] ([[:commons:File:La catalogazione per entità - esperienze pratiche della rete URBE con Parsifal.pdf|slides]]; [[:d:Wikidata:Gruppo Wikidata per Musei, Archivi e Biblioteche/Parsifal|Wikidata project page]]) *** Elena Ravelli e [[User:Epìdosis|Camillo Pellizzari]], ''Authority file di SBN e Wikidata: un esempio di interoperabilità e riutilizzo dei dati'' [SBN Authority File and Wikidata: An Example of Data Interoperability and Reuse] ([[:commons:File:Authority file di SBN e Wikidata - un esempio di interoperabilità e riutilizzo dei dati.pdf|slides]]; [[:d:Wikidata:Gruppo Wikidata per Musei, Archivi e Biblioteche/SBN|Wikidata project page]]) ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [[:diffblog:2025/09/29/building-wikidata-capacity-in-east-africa-insights-from-wikimedia-deutschlands-outreach|Diff: Building Wikidatacapacity in East Africa]] - Wikimedia Deutschland’s 2025 outreach initiative expanded Wikidata capacity in East Africa by training nearly 100 local Wikimedians across 13 countries, and fostering a new network of regional Wikidata champions * Press: [[d:Wikidata:Embedding_Project/October_1_2025_Release|A milestone for open AI: The Wikidata Embedding Project goes live]], read also in [https://blog.wikimedia.de/2025/10/01/wikidata-embedding-projekt-geht-live/ Deutsch] / [https://www.theverge.com/news/789288/wikidata-ai-friendly-database?trk=feed_main-feed-card_feed-article-content TheVerge] and [https://techcrunch.com/2025/10/01/new-project-makes-wikipedia-data-more-accessible-to-ai/ TechCrunch] blogs. * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=tHsW99zKt3s Africa Wiki Women - Wikidata Birthday Launch Celebration 2025] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=_nbI8hkRAvA SAT - Wikidata - OSM - länkade data] By Magnus Sälgö ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=jdiqm8VqFQM Roman Provinces Project (RPP) WikiDataTraining (add WMC image)] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ztx208Nhtco Wikidata and public domain - Clase 1] (Spanish) By Wikimedistas de Uruguay ** [https://www.youtube.com/live/kJ6DyZes_rU Open Tool Registries:] Resolving the Directory Paradox with Wikidata - Livestream (today!) Oct 6, 16:00 - 17:00 CEST. (Maybe in German but description is English) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:GZWDer/newentity.js Script newentity.js] is a UserScript by [[User:GZWDer|GZWDer]] it helps to generates new items (including lexemes) from the given JSON object. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The Wikidata Team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to talk to developers who use Wikidata’s data dumps, or have tried using them but ran into challenges. Your feedback will help us make data dumps easier and more reliable to use. If you’re open to chatting, we’ll schedule a 60-minute user interview. As a thank-you for your time, you’ll be eligible for compensation. Sign up [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/datadumpsinterviews here]. * For anyone interested in open and interoperable data, the DCMI 2025 Conference might be interesting. More information and registration [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/ here]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13814|calligraphy]] (<nowiki>calligraphy of this person</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13826|cookie policy URL]] (<nowiki>cookie policy of this website, software or digital product</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13815|‎TechnoMusicWorld release ID]], [[:d:Property:P13816|Biblioteca Digital de la Comunidad de Madrid ID]], [[:d:Property:P13817|‎Trainspo model ID]], [[:d:Property:P13818|AGORHA UUID]], [[:d:Property:P13819|‎Biological Imaging Methods Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P13820|‎Anne Frank House person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13821|Maitron municipality ID]], [[:d:Property:P13822|National Library Board Singapore ID]], [[:d:Property:P13823|Euploos Project ID]], [[:d:Property:P13824|SpaceReference.org celestial object ID]], [[:d:Property:P13825|Hex package]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/formally denounced by|formally denounced by]] (<nowiki>person or organization which has publicly issued or enacted a denunciation of this item</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/code of conduct|code of conduct]] (<nowiki>URL of a resource that contains the Code of Conduct of a project or organization</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/award judge|award judge]] (<nowiki>judges for an award</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/start and end work|start and end work]] (<nowiki>work in which this statement begins to be valid</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Organ Index ID|Organ Index ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BLGBL ID|BLGBL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/American Kennel Club ID|American Kennel Club ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CRT Database model ID|CRT Database model ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Jeune Afrique country ID|Jeune Afrique country ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vocabulary.com word ID|Vocabulary.com word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Newegg item ID|Newegg item ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Catalogue of sundials ID|Catalogue of sundials ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BeWeb historical or artistic asset ID|BeWeb historical or artistic asset ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PriceRunner product ID|PriceRunner product ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SofaScore sports team ID|SofaScore sports team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FootballFakts.ru football match ID|FootballFakts.ru football match ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kicker sports match ID|Kicker sports match ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BDFutbol match ID|BDFutbol match ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foot Mercato players ID|Foot Mercato players ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Meetup.com Event ID|Meetup.com Event ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mapillary username|Mapillary username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Soccerway player ID 2025|Soccerway player ID 2025]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/FZVe Lexemes in sign languages] ([https://t.me/c/1325756915/37121 source]) ** [https://query-chest.toolforge.org/redirect/CobTPdZHuKiwo8KyYsEqCSiqiSasg84AikQ8wsqE2qp List of films available for free on YouTube] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#List_of_films_available_for_free_on_YouTube|source]]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q8620|Kwame Nkrumah (Q8620)]] - Ghanaian pan-Africanist and the first Prime Minister and President of Ghana (1909-1972) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L22859|delve (L22859)]] – English verb (/dɛlv/) meaning "to investigate thoroughly", "to dig physically", or "to discuss in detail ''' Development ''' * The <code><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> [[:mw:Help:Magic words|magic word]] is now enabled on Wikidata and Test Wikidata. It can be used to display templates in the user interface language, replacing the previous <code><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code> hack. ([[phab:T405830]]) GraphQL: We have continued working on the functionality that provides labels of linked entities * Wikidata vector embedding and MCP: We have released the [[d:Wikidata:Embedding Project|vector embedding]] and [[d:Wikidata:MCP|MCP]] * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: ** We are continuing the rollout of improvements to ow we track Wikidata changes in Wikipedia's watchlist and recent changes in order to reduce the size of the database table and reduce the noise on editors' watchlists. ([[phab:T401288]], [[phab:T401290]]) ** We are working on some improvements to the Databox module and template ([[phab:T400322]]) * Mobile statement editing: ** We improved the display of qualifiers and made it possible to add qualifiers (editing will still come) as well as the value type (value/some value/no value) ([[phab:T404991]], [[phab:T404956]], [[phab:T402431]], [[phab:T403246]]) ** We are working on adding editing support for more datatypes (tabular data and geoshape) ([[phab:T403973]]) ** We are working on making it possible to edit references ([[phab:T402433]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/United States of America/North Carolina|North Carolina]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:10, 6 October 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29377585 --> == Tech News: 2025-41 == <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:18, 6 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue IX, September 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia edit-a-thon at the Skampa Theater in Elbasan, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba Initiative: Building Knowledge and Visibility * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: State Library Victoria WikiFest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Make cultural heritage freely accessible, Hasselt's collections shine online & Let's give women a voice on Wikipedia! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Hidden heritage unveiled: science, history and nature on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wikimedia Commons birthday content donation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at the Bioeconomy Science Institute & Wikiproject NZ Women in Architecture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Expanding Access to Culture and Knowledge through Key Partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiChełmoński: the Special Guided Tour at the National Museum in Krakow * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025: Join the Conference Online and Explore Lisbon’s Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: LibreABC, Feminist Voices, Grade Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Awards season * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: September edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: The Memory of the World wiki challenge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:46, 9 October 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29409147 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:06, 13 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #701 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-10-13. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#700]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/DifoolBot_7|DifoolBot 7]] - closed as approved. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata: WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session: Tuesday 14 Oct, 2025 from 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1760457600 click for your Time zone]) WikiProject Personal Pronouns members will lead three implementation sessions to improve the data modeling and ethics of personal pronoun representation in Wikidata based on newly-established best practices and Wikidata policy by remediating legacy statements with participants. No prior Wikidata experience required. More info on the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/PersonalPronouns|Personal Pronouns]] event page. ** Upcoming LD4 Affinity Group sessions: Oct 14, Nov 25, Dec 9, at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 4pm UTC / 6pm CEST. ** Wikidata + Wikibase Office Hour, join us in the [https://t.me/joinchat/AZriqUj5UajwQxn1aZ9WOg Wikidata Telegram] channel for our Quarterly roundup of what's been happening with Wikidata and Wikibase. If you can't make it, [[d:Wikidata:Events/Telegram_office_hour_2025-10-15|read the transcript later]]. Oct 15, 18:00 - 19:00 CEST (UTC 16:00 - 17:00). ** The Next Wikimedia Research Showcase is [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1760545800 Wednesday, October 15, at 9:30 AM PT / 16:30 UTC]. The theme is "Celebrating 13 Years: Wikidata’s Role in Learning and Culture". Watch via the [https://www.youtube.com/live/3NMOvOUCd8Q YouTube stream]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/blogs/research-projects/developing-an-enhanced-dataset-for-the-history-of-photography/ Developing an enhanced dataset for the history of Photography] - National Archives researchers used Wikidata during a hackathon to link people and places from 19th-century photographic copyright records, enriching the archive’s metadata through linked open data. ** [https://mpjuhasz.com/posts/influenced_by/ Viusalisations of Philosophers Influence in history] - Take a look if you're interested in the history of philosophy, temporal graphs, or Wikidata! * Videos: ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1EIdotXpus How to identify and fill information gaps in Wikidata Tabernacle and Integrality] - In preparation for Latin America month on Wikidata, this tutorial will introduce the Tabernacle and Intergraality tools. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmCbUfx_FAg Curationist: 2024 Metadata Learning and Unlearning Summit] - Curationist researches and debates on transitioning to a Wikidata/Wikibase style of schema for its images of digital open-access collections. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BwXe_D_GTw Data Ethics and Open Science] - At 19:00 of the video, Lambert Heller discusses using Wikidata, and later Wikibase for the NFDI4 Culture Proposal. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sdbHqeZpbY Linked Open Data Location Identifiers for Pacific Archaeology] - Hardy & Leclerc at the CAA Australia conference show how Wikidata identifiers enrich Kuden and Pacific island databses. * Presentations: [[c:File:Webinar_Oct_2025_-_Wikidata_Embedding_Project.pdf|Slides for the Wikidata: Embedding Project Webinar presentation]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Magnus_Manske/wikidata_useful.js Wikidata Useful] is a UserScript by [[User:Magnus_Manske|Magnus Manske]] that adds a box of quick "add statement" links to the right side of the page. Entity and phylogeny types, countries (location and citizenship). Also, tries to load and display a blurb from en or de Wikipedia. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The 2024 Wikidata Community Survey results are out! Read the full report on Commons: [[commons:File:Wikidata Community Survey 2024 Report.pdf|Wikidata Community Survey 2024 Report]]. If you have any thoughts or questions feel free to write on this discussion page: [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/2024-Community-Survey|Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/2024-Community-Survey]] * Wikimedia Deutschland is seeking feedback on the [[d:Wikidata:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements#How_you_can_help|Mobile Editing Experience prototype]], especially from contributors who edit right-to-left (RTL) languages like Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Urdu, etc. We’ve already received helpful input from various editors, but feedback from RTL language communities is still missing. Your perspective is important to ensure the design works well for everyone. Please go to [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page Beta Wikidata] (in mobile view) to test the prototype with the instructions below and share your feedback on [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|this talk page]]. ** Add "businessperson" as an occupation ** Add a start date to the relationship with A$AP Rocky and provide a reference ** Find the place of birth (Saint Michael) and open that page ** Add the coordinate location for Saint Michael ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13828|luminance]] (<nowiki>measured quantity of photometric brightness (luminous intensity per area)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13829|excluding work]] (<nowiki>work or narration for or in which this statement is false</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13838|intervener]] (<nowiki>name of a third-party group or person allowed to participate in a legal case</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13827|NWO project ID]], [[:d:Property:P13830|Vocabulary.com word ID]], [[:d:Property:P13831|Fnac person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13832|African Music Library band ID]], [[:d:Property:P13833|‎Spanish-German Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P13834|‎Encyclopedia of Marxism ID]], [[:d:Property:P13835|Kulturenvanteri place ID]], [[:d:Property:P13836|Encyclopædia Universalis index ID]], [[:d:Property:P13837|ISFDB award category ID]], [[:d:Property:P13839|‎CCCA Canadian Art Database work ID]], [[:d:Property:P13840|‎CCCA Canadian Art Database creator ID]], [[:d:Property:P13841|CPU-World ID]], [[:d:Property:P13842|AMNH entity ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NZ Charities Register Number|NZ Charities Register Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Memorial Book of Social Democracy-ID|Memorial Book of Social Democracy-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Almería identifier|Biographical Dictionary of Almería identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Operabase (additional) ID|Operabase (additional) ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NLAI ID|NLAI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIK-ISEA group ID|SIK-ISEA group ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikimini article ID|Wikimini article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain entry ID|Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts ID|The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Antique Chinese and Japanese Porcelain Dictionary and Glossary of Terms entry|Antique Chinese and Japanese Porcelain Dictionary and Glossary of Terms entry]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmfriend Movie ID|Filmfriend Movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schulnummer Hessen|Schulnummer Hessen]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ The Oxford Dictionary of Dance entry ID| The Oxford Dictionary of Dance entry ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/6TNS What Wikidata album languages grew the most this week?] ([https://wikis.world/@moebeus@mastodon.online/113057841265159018 source]) ** [https://edu.nl/y38rg Example query to show why papers cite each other] ([https://wikis.world/@egonw@social.edu.nl/112943938308855780 source]) * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q15625490|Biodiversity Assessment of the Fishes of Saba Bank Atoll, Netherlands Antilles (Q15625490)]] - scholarly article by Williams, Jeffrey et al., 2010 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Lexeme:L339628| pukka (L339628)]] - English adjective (puh-kuh) that can mean "genuine", "highest class", or "complete" ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration on Wikipedia and co: ** We finished work on adding an icon to changes coming from Wikidata in recent changes and watchlist ([[phab:T397258]]) ** We are finishing work on a new usage aspect for qualifiers and references so their use can be tracked separately. This will lead to less Wikidata changes showing up in recent changes and watchlist that don't actually affect the article ([[phab:T397258]]) ** We are continuing the work on improving Databox ([[phab:T400322]]) * GraphQL: We are continuing to work on making labels of linked entities in the values of statements accessible ([[phab:T404692]]) * Mobile statement editing: We have been working on showing the different value types ([[phab:T404684]]) and making references editable ([[phab:T405236]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] .[[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:20, 13 October 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29437158 --> == Tech News: 2025-42 == <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:55, 13 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' "Final Solution" to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:04, 20 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29452019 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #702 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-10-20. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#701]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Ternera|Ternera]] - RfP scheduled to end after 23 October 2025 16:10 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot|Rebot]] - Task: Make changes in [https://w.wiki/Fed9 w.wiki/Fed9], such as changing [[d:Property:P180|depicts (P180)]] = [[d:Q181916|herbarium (Q181916)]] to [[d:Q61726742|herbarium specimen (Q61726742)]]. ''' Events ''' * Upcoming: ** WikidataCon 2025: [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/schedule/ Have you seen the Program yet?]<br>Available now on Pretalx, check now and plan your schedule. ** 🎉 Wikidata's 13th Birthday! Join us online, October 29 17:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1761757200 in your timezone]) for presents, birthday messages, games...and a 📣'''surprise announcement''' (don't miss it!). 🎁 Add your own gifts to the list - anything that celebrates Wikidata and its amazing community... a script you’ve written, tool improvement, visual, poem...the sky's the limit.<br>Get the call link here: [[d:Event:Wikidata Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages call|13th Birthday Presents & Messages call]]. ** The Dublin Core [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/ DCMI 2025] conference will take place in Barcelona, Oct 22-25. *** [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/sessions/papers-metadata-quality-bibframe/#reczeEWTeASPr4XmW Presentation]: ''Derivative Relationships and Bibliographic Families Among Creative Works: A Systematic Study of Their Application by the Wikidata Community from the FRBR and BIBFRAME Perspective'' *** [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/sessions/workshop-web-app-to-static-site/#session-information Workshop] by [[d:User:Jneubert|Jneubert]] on converting a complex web application into a large static site integrated with Wikidata *** [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2025/sessions/tutorial-shaping-linked-data-knowledge-graphs/#session-information Tutorial] from [[d:User:Jelabra|Jelabra]] on shaping linked data and knowledge graphs. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJQ7JxQ0XBg Wikidata Lab XLVII: Wiki Infographics], about a [[toolforge:infographics|tool]] for data visualization. On October 21, 17 UTC. ** [https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2026:Scholarships Wikimania 2026 Scholarships are open]! Deadline is Friday, October 31st, 2025. ** [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Event:Wikidata_13th_Birthday_Celebration_in_Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group Wikidata 13th birthday celebration in the Igbo Wikimedians User Group] on October 24 and 25, 2025 *Past: ** Missed the Q4 Wikidata+Wikibase office hour? You can catch up by reading the session log here: [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events/Telegram office hour 2025-10-15|2025-10-15 (Q4 2025)]] ** [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Event:Wikidata_13th_birthday_celebration_in_the_WUGN_Abuja_Network Wikidata 13th birthday celebration in the WUGN Abuja Network] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: (Finnish) [https://piilotettuaarre.blogspot.com/2025/10/wikidatasta-vauhtia-geo-eli.html From Wikidata to GEO (AI) optimization?] by Johanna Janhonen * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=E6cYJ9kfFBE Genealogical tree creation with Wikidata] - by Thimira Sahan ** (Chinese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=35Z1IoXA7t8 Wikidata 13 週年聚會暨 OpenRefine 工作坊] - by Wikidata Taiwan ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=pFWfJIEs6Bw Taller en línea: Introducción a Wikidata y Wikibase] by bibliotecasUNAM ** Wikimedia Research Showcase: [https://www.youtube.com/live/3NMOvOUCd8Q Celebrating 13 Years: Wikidata’s Role in Learning and Culture] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://affandymurad.github.io/wikilokal/ WikiLokal] - The tool uses your device location to find Wikidata Items and Wikipedia articles within a 3 kilometre radius of your location. Created by [[m:User:Affandy_Murad|User:Affandy Murad]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Project Chat: ** [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Help_us_decide_the_name_of_the_new_Abstract_Wikipedia_project|Help choose a name for the Abstract Wikipedia Project]] - combining WikiFunctions and Wikidata, a voting contest will run from Oct 20 - Nov 17, 2025. ** [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#How_can_Wikidata_be_useful_IRL_if_it_has_less_data_than_Wikipedia?|How can Wikidata be useful IRL if it has less data than Wikipedia?]] - an ongoing discussion touching on data scraping tools such as [https://github.com/Pascalco/harvesttemplates Harvest templates (github)] and data consistency between Wikipedia and Wikidata in places such as Infoboxes. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P13847|organizational chart]] (<nowiki>image that displays the structure of this organization or government agency and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions/jobs</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13843|The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13844|TechPowerUp CPU Specs Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13845|Catalogue of sundials ID]], [[:d:Property:P13846|A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13848|GPUZoo ID]], [[:d:Property:P13849|NetEase Music album ID]], [[:d:Property:P13850|Corporation Number in Canada]], [[:d:Property:P13851|Biographical Dictionary of Almería identifier]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/image of outdoor seating|image of outdoor seating]] (<nowiki>an image of the outdoor seating</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Elo rating (rapid)|Elo rating (rapid)]] (<nowiki>Current or historical Elo rating of a player in rapid time control chess games</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ECHL profile ID|ECHL profile ID]] (<nowiki>Id (number) used by ECHL on their website ehcl.com. URL takes a slug.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/award category or rank|award category or rank]] (<nowiki>(qualifier of P166) specific category or rank of an award received, for awards with more than one category or rank</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/public key|public key]] (<nowiki>cryptographic public key (some ASCII encoding of it)</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schulnummer Sachsen|Schulnummer Sachsen]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Team Austria ID|Team Austria ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IFES Election Guide ID|IFES Election Guide ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BNB agent ID|BNB agent ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Arte de la Argentina ID|Arte de la Argentina ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Democratic Memory Bank ID|Democratic Memory Bank ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kicker competition ID|Kicker competition ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Soccer365.net team ID|Soccer365.net team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LUDAP|LUDAP]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Genbu.net ID|Genbu.net ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ztgd.com|ztgd.com]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISTAMPIE entity|ISTAMPIE entity]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MIT Press edition id|MIT Press edition id]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/FkPH List of Airports/Airstrips in Florida, USA] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_IDEA/Translation_Work|WikiProject IDEA (translation tasks)]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/South_Korea|Govdirectory South Korea]] was created. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q24101|Jagiellonian Library (Q24101)]] - library of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L762994|led (L762994)]] - Norwegian Nynorsk noun (leː) meaning "a joint between bones", "a movable body part", or "a generation" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We made progress on support for more datatypes for editing. * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: ** We are investigating an issue with infoboxes using data from Wikidata after some recent changes to usage tracking ([[phab:T407684]]) ** We are working on more improvements to the Databox module * Ontology federation: We are starting to work on making it possible for other Wikibase instances to use Wikidata's Items as values in their statements. This expands on previous work around federated properties. * Dumps: We have worked on fixing issues with the dumps that were failing recently. They should now be generated again and we continue to look into the cause. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Bahamas|Bahamas]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:29, 20 October 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29437158 --> == Tech News: 2025-43 == <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 20 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == ''The Signpost'': 20 October 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/News and notes|Board shuffles, LLM blocks increase, IPs are going away]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/Special report|The election that isn't]] * Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/Interview|The BoT bump]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/In the media|An incident at WikiConference North America; WMF reports AI-related traffic drop and explains Wikipedia to US conservatives]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/Traffic report|One click after another]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-10-20/Humour|Wikipedia pay rates]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 22:45, 20 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29377595 --> == Growth News #35 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Growth team logo - Icon only.svg|right|frameless|class=skin-invert]] ''A quarterly update from the Growth team on our work to improve the new editor experience.'' === New releases === ==== English Wikipedia gets "Add a Link" Structured Task ==== We [[w:Wikipedia_talk:Growth_Team_features#"Add_a_link"_experiment_and_next_steps|released]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link|"Add a Link" Structured Task]] to 100% of accounts at English Wikipedia on Tuesday, September 2nd (before then it was available to 20% of accounts). ==== Growth features for Wikidata ==== After examining if the Growth features and Mentorship could be adapted to Wikidata, we activated the Growth features on [https://www.wikidata.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page Beta Wikidata] to allow for testing and discussion ([[phab:T400937|T400937]]). Although some features, like Suggested Edits, are Wikipedia-specific, the Growth team designed most features to be more wiki-agnostic. === Work in progress === ==== Revise Tone Structured Task ==== The Growth team is making progress on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone|the technical architecture, onboarding design, and early user testing]]. We are targeting an A/B test before the end of this year, with constructive edits by newcomers as the primary success metric. ==== Add a link to more wikis ==== The machine learning team has been working on a new model that can suggest links to more languages, including Urdu, Chinese, and Japanese Wikipedias. [[phab:T404460|We are starting to release]] the “Add a Link” feature to Wikipedias that weren’t supported by the previous model. [[mw:Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]], which can be [[mw:Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link#Configuration|configured by the community locally]], increases the chance that a new contributor will make their first edit and then continue to participate in Wikipedia. === Research === The Growth team is involved in several research initiatives to help guide our future work: [[mw:Growth/Progression System|Progression System]] – We have [[mw:Growth/Progression_System#Design_Research|published]] initial findings from interviews with 10 English and French Wikipedia newcomers. The research examined motivations, challenges, and feedback on a prototype system intended to help editors build confidence, develop skills, and contribute more constructively over time. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Mobile Web Editing Research|Mobile Web Editing Research]] – This project combines quantitative and qualitative data, community feedback, and user journey analysis to identify possible ways to enhance the mobile editing experience. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Successful Newcomers Survey 2025|Newcomers Survey]] – This project surveys successful newcomers on English Wikipedia to understand their early editing experiences, tool use, and community interactions. === Community events === The Growth team participated in several community events to listen, share, and collaborate on improving newcomer experiences across Wikimedia projects. '''Wikimania - [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/RPBSEF/ Organizers as key partners to support newcomers' growth in our movement]''' This session invited organizers to share how they introduce newcomers to Growth features and the challenges they encounter. The discussion focused on common newcomer questions and opportunities to strengthen collaboration in supporting new editors. '''Wikimania - [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/review/VCSCUVJCGFRNY89TTKXRVFMGYMWPMSXT Lightning Talk: Structured Tasks]''' This talk demonstrated how Structured Tasks help newcomers take their first successful steps on Wikipedia. It shared impact data, community configurations, and a demo of “Add a Link,” illustrating how these tasks make editing more accessible and sustainable, particularly for mobile contributors. '''Wikimania - [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors]''' With active editor numbers declining, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Strategy|Contributors Strategy]] aims to create a clearer, more engaging path for participation. This session, led by the WMF Contributors group with involvement from the Editing, Growth, Moderator Tools, and Connection (formerly Campaigns) teams, highlighted efforts to streamline contributor experiences, offer structured and mobile-friendly workflows, and foster meaningful engagement. Participants learned about ongoing initiatives and shared feedback to help shape a more inclusive and sustainable future for Wikimedia contributors. '''CEE Meeting - [[metawiki:Wikimedia_CEE_Meeting_2025/Submissions/Retaining_beginners_and_improving_content_moderation:_an_inclusive_and_sustainable_future_for_Wikipedia_contributors|Retaining beginners and improving content moderation: an inclusive and sustainable future for Wikipedia contributors]]''' Many communities face a decline in volunteer engagement. Newcomers often leave soon after joining, while experienced editors struggle to manage increasingly complex workflows and overwhelming backlogs. We presented the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Strategy|Contributors Strategy]] and the different features and workflows that can help communities to address these challenges. We listened to the specific needs of the CEE communities to help guide the Contributors teams' work. ''<small>'''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth team's newsletter]]''' prepared by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|the Growth team]] and posted by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[mw:Talk:Growth|Give feedback]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Growth team updates|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].</small>'' </div> 10:23, 22 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Growth_team_updates&oldid=29457883 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:51, 27 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29487357 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #703 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-10-27. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#702]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Samoasambia|Samoasambia]] - RfP scheduled to end after 27 October 2025 15:10 (UTC) * Closed request for adminship: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Ternera|Ternera]] - Closed as successful by [[User:Ymblanter|Ymblanter]] ([[User talk:Ymblanter|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 19:24, 23 October 2025 (UTC) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** 🎉 Wikidata's 13th Birthday! Join us online, October 29 17:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1761757200 in your timezone]) for presents, birthday messages, games...and a 📣'''surprise announcement''' (don't miss it!). 🎁 Add your own gifts to the list - anything that celebrates Wikidata and its amazing community... a script you’ve written, tool improvement, visual, poem...the sky's the limit. Get the call link here: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages|13th Birthday Presents & Messages call]]. ** WikidataCon 2025, October 31 - November 2, make sure to register at [[Event:WikidataCon_2025|the event page]]. ** SPARQL workshop (in German): "From Zero to SPARQL. Eine Einführung in die Abfrage von Wissensgraphen (Schwerpunkt Wikidata)", 4 Nov 2025, 10-13, free and open to all, online via Zoom. [https://www.digis-berlin.de/workshop-am-04-11-25-from-zero-to-sparql-eine-einfuehrung-in-die-abfrage-von-wissensgraphen/ more information and registration] ** The scholarship deadline for [https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2026:Wikimania Wikimania 2026] is approaching fast: 31st of October. Apply today if you want to attend on a scholarship. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/live/BuBEJYNnK2M?si=ZYo_bi9JbHCj1VWT Visualizaciones con el Servicio de Consultas de Wikidata] ** (Spanish)[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=s1EIdotXpus ¿Cómo identificar y completar vacíos de información en Wikidata? Tabernacle e integraality] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=dMc8itXt7i0 I Have 1000s of Items in Commons – What Do I Do Now?: Utilization Opportunities on Wikimedia Commons] ** (Chinese [Trad]) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=v7XdRqpEU0Q&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD 鏈結資料文獻翻譯賽德克語成果發表會 Exploring Seediq: A Journey through Translation and Linked Data Documentation] *Presentations: Will AI Erase Us Again? The Role of Wikimedia Communities. Talk by [[User:Jsamwrites|John Samuel]], Queering Wikipedia 2025 ([[commons:File:Queering_Wikipedia_2025-JohnSamuel.pdf|Slides]]) ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://tools.iccl.inf.tu-dresden.de/nemo/ Nemo] is a new Wikidata query tool by [[User:Markus Krötzsch|User:Markus Krötzsch]] the tool can answer queries, extracts subsets, and perform analyses in ways that SPARQL alone can't. It also lets you combine Wikidata with other data sources. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13883|start work]] (<nowiki>work in which this statement about a fictional entity begins to be valid</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13884|end work]] (<nowiki>work in which this statement about a fictional entity ceases to be valid</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13885|image resolution]] (<nowiki>pixel resolution of images generated or captured by this item (camera, software, etc)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13886|display device resolution]] (<nowiki>physical pixel resolution of an electronic display</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13887|‎firmware]] (<nowiki>firmware installed on this hardware</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13852|MultimediaWiki page ID]], [[:d:Property:P13853|Letopis of MSU person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13854|QCC Code]], [[:d:Property:P13855|Jamaica company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13856|SEC Number]], [[:d:Property:P13857|Thailand company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13858|gosfilmofond.ru ID]], [[:d:Property:P13859|Cambodian company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13860|English solicitors ID]], [[:d:Property:P13861|Caixin company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13862|‎Nebraska Authors author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13863|‎Kick username]], [[:d:Property:P13864|‎Archivio Storico Ricordi partiture ID]], [[:d:Property:P13865|Fantacalcio ID]], [[:d:Property:P13866|‎Plant Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P13867|L'Équipe athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P13868|‎RSQV ID]], [[:d:Property:P13869|NRK topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P13870|‎OpenITI author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13871|‎Mellopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P13872|Liste unique des décorés ID]], [[:d:Property:P13873|‎Deník tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P13874|Interaktionsdatabasen ID]], [[:d:Property:P13875|‎Adebiportal author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13876|Biographische Lexikon zur Geschichte der böhmischen Länder ID]], [[:d:Property:P13877|ISLRN]], [[:d:Property:P13878|‎Danskefilmstemmer.dk character ID]], [[:d:Property:P13879|Audiovisual Identity Database page]], [[:d:Property:P13880|RIA Novosti person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13881|The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13882|‎Qalamger.kz author ID]], [[:d:Property:P13888|‎Does the Dog Die? media ID]], [[:d:Property:P13889|‎Organ Index ID]], [[:d:Property:P13890|American Kennel Club ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Responsable de departamento|Responsable de departamento]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lämningsnummer|Lämningsnummer]] (<nowiki>{{Q|Q10498015}} is a database of archaeological monuments in Sweden, maintained by {{Q|Q631844}}. Each item in the database has an identifier containing the year of registration and a number, e.g. ''L1970:5203''.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of comments per day|number of comments per day]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Commonwealth Sport country code|Commonwealth Sport country code]] (<nowiki>Commonwealth Sport country code</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/operating humidity|operating humidity]] (<nowiki>humidity at which a device operates</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NCL Taiwan Periodical Literature Periodical ID|NCL Taiwan Periodical Literature Periodical ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/HarmonyOS NEXT APP ID|HarmonyOS NEXT APP ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rechtsinformationen des Bundes-ID|Rechtsinformationen des Bundes-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UNESCO Virtual Museum inventory ID|UNESCO Virtual Museum inventory ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/South Korean Business Registration Number|South Korean Business Registration Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SetesdalWiki ID|SetesdalWiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biography.com ID|Biography.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mackolik football manager ID|Mackolik football manager ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/S1 No.1 Style actress ID|S1 No.1 Style actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/biserici.org church ID|biserici.org church ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RFC|RFC]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hudobné centrum IDs|Hudobné centrum IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FAIR Epigraphic Vocabularies ID|FAIR Epigraphic Vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NVLI ID|NVLI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SerBenfiquista.com players ID|SerBenfiquista.com players ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/E4T9 Map of pubs in Scotland] ([https://wikis.world/@AllyD@mastodon.online/114482324831243753 source]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Kazakhstan|WikiProject Kazakhstan]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]:[[d:Q22530539|Lake Zanzibar (Q22530539)]] - lake in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Canada ''' Development ''' * Wikidata in Wikipedia and co: ** We worked on making Wikidata change summaries in recent changes and watchlist on the other Wikimedia projects more understandable by adding icons. This will be rolled out soon ([[phab:T397258]]) ** We continued the improvements to the Databox module ([[phab:T400322]], [[phab:T400318]]) * Mobile statement editing: We continued working on editing references ([[phab:T405236]]) and did clean-ups for the beta release ([[phab:T405743]]) * GraphQL: We continued work on including labels of linked entities in responses * Dumps: We are looking into why dump generation is slower than it should be recently [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/South_Korea|South Korea]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:50, 27 October 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29487314 --> == Tech News: 2025-44 == <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:27, 27 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == This Month in Education: October 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 10 • October 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025|"WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!" winner at the Open Education Awards 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer|A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil|Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta|Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025|India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/JDACA & Amman Arab University|JDACA & Amman Arab University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September|New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset|Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October|Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp|Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania|Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 06:05, 2 November 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29511272 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:52, 3 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29558323 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #704 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-11-03. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#703]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Samoasambia|Samoasambia]] * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/langCodesBot|langCodesBot]] - Task(s): Python script to automate the cleanup of deprecated language codes (e.g., kr) from Wikidata items. Delete or move labels, descriptions, and aliases based on comparisons with fallback and related languages. The script uses the Pywikibot framework to process each item and logs cases it skips due to data inconsistencies or ambiguity to a CSV file for manual review. * New request for comments: [[Wikidata:Requests for comment/Exhibition models|Exhibition models]] by [[User:Hexatekin|Hexatekin]] - This proposal focuses on standardizing models for art exhibitions. There is not a consistent data model used for art exhibitions that factors in parent-child relationships for traveling exhibitions, show series, or biennials, despite these being important and common types of events in international art history. ''' Events ''' * Past: ** Happy Birthday, Wikidata 🎉! We celebrated Wikidata’s 13th birthday with a community call to unveil presents and play games. Check out the replay of the event and the cool gifts people made: [[d:Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages|Wikidata:Thirteenth Birthday/Presents & messages]] ** WikidataCon: You can catch up on the recordings and slides in [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025/Program|the program]] ** [https://wikidataworkshop.github.io/2025/ Wikidata Workshop at ISWC]: You can catch up on the published papers on the website. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/29/building-an-internet-for-everyone-wikidata-recognized-as-a-digital-public-good/ Building an Internet for Everyone: Wikidata Recognized as a Digital Public Good] ** [https://tech-news.wikimedia.de/2025/10/28/enriching-wikidata-with-authoritybox/ ''Enriching Wikidata with AuthorityBox. An interview with Stefano Bargioni''] *** examples of AuthorityBox can be seen in [https://catalogo.pusc.it/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=136541 PUSC catalogue], [http://koha-urbs.reteurbs.org/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=316885 URBE catalogue] ([http://koha-urbs.reteurbs.org/opac-tmpl/lib/AuthorityBox_URBS.js code]), [https://opac.keratsini-drapetsona.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=7268 Keratsini-Drapetsona catalogue]; cf. also Stefano Bargioni, [[:d:Q84951093|''From Authority Enrichment to AuthorityBox. Applying RDA in a Koha environment'']] (2020) ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/02/exploring-nairobi-and-building-a-global-network-the-inspiring-wikimania20-experience Exploring Nairobi and Building a Global Network: The Inspiring Wikimania@20 Experience] ** [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/10/31/supercharging-cultural-institution-collections-with-wikidata/ Supercharging Cultural Institution Collections with Wikidata] * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6SkqxD9n1eY Por qué el conocimiento libre importa más que nunca | Gustavo Candela | Jornadas Anuales 2025] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=FbaII87_M84 Wikidata Ontology Course | A NotebookLM Deep Dive] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ss6_wbK1gck Odia Wikimedians User Group Celebration of the 13th Wikidata Birthday] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=bzIknKpmIYw Como utilizar o OpenRefine para cadastrar artigos científicos na Wikidata? - WikiTutoriais #05] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=iZWKcwXNhPI Supercharging Cultural Institution Collections with Wikidata [October 2025]] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=LL93wMSFkKs&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD ¿Cómo es la ontología de Wikidata?] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ZT0pvzfFeug Wikidata @13 celebration by the Tyap Wikimedians] ''' Tool of the week ''' [https://wikidata-reference-validator.toolforge.org/ The Wikidata Reference Validator] by [[User:JosefAnthony]] helps check and replace broken or outdated references — keeping Wikidata’s knowledge verifiable and trustworthy. It checks whether external references are still accessible or offline, so we can ensure that every statement on Wikidata shows how we know what we know. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/29/building-an-internet-for-everyone-wikidata-recognized-as-a-digital-public-good/ Wikidata has been recognized as a digital public good by the Digital Public Goods Alliance] * Wikimedia chapters are providing scholarships for Wikimania 2026. Apply here if you're interested: [[:de:Wikipedia:Förderung/Wikimania/English|Wikipedia:Förderung/Wikimania/English]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13891|‎Newegg item ID]], [[:d:Property:P13892|‎Hardcore Gaming 101 game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Luminous flux|Luminous flux]] (<nowiki>Numerical value of the luminous flux emitted by a lighting device or light source, measured in lumens</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/anatomical structure in view|anatomical structure in view]] (<nowiki>the anatomical structure in view in the photo, e.g. head, wing, habitus (body)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/anatomical view|anatomical view]] (<nowiki>view of an anatomical structure, e.g. ventral, dorsal, frontal</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/collector|collector]] (<nowiki>person or group who physically collected a specimen or object in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Serbo-Croatian preferred project code|Serbo-Croatian preferred project code]] (<nowiki>For an interwiki article, the property points to the Serbo-Croatian project (sh, bs, hr, sr) that either has a special connection to the topic or the highest quality article.</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BG IISDA org ID|BG IISDA org ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BG NACID person ID|BG NACID person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GCatholic former diocese ID|GCatholic former diocese ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Grokipedia ID|Grokipedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland ID|The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present entry ID| Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Davis Cup player ID 2025|Davis Cup player ID 2025]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Eiga.com drama ID|Eiga.com drama ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AntCat ID|AntCat ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Last Address ID|Last Address ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Disney+ browse ID|Disney+ browse ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Japanese Film Database ID|Japanese Film Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Japan Location Database ID|Japan Location Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fight.ru fighters ID|Fight.ru fighters ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IMI person id|IMI person id]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/Fqji Map of ~12.000 western European tram stops among their respective networks] **[https://w.wiki/FvKQ Count of Wikipedia articles about UNESCO Memory of the World inscriptions] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q167634|perestroïka (Q167634)]] - political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s, widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost policy reform * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]:[[d:Lexeme:L46097|baseline (L46097)]] - English noun (ˈbeɪslaɪn) meaning "a starting point for comparison", "a benchmark in budgeting", or "a reference line in typography or surveying" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We are continuing the work on qualifiers and reference editing * GraphQL: We are continuing the work on making labels of linked entities available in GraphQL ([[phab:T404692]]) * Dumps: We are continuing to look into improvements for the dump process [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:44, 3 November 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29562339 --> == Tech News: 2025-45 == <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:30, 3 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity. For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:54, 10 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29584005 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue X, October 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: From a small language to Wikipedia's Biggest, Share Your Story with the Industry Museum and War Diaries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Autumn activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: WikiCommon community meet-ups, Wikisource trainings, and the announcement of Grant for GLAM Indonesia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open culture on stage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How Wikimedia México is training cultural and government institutions as wikimedians. * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Open Topstukken project concludes; Network Archives Design and Digital Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Granny's Wonderful Chair, Preparing for Auckland Museum Wiki Summer Students and an the ASBS Introductory Wiki Webinar * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Report on Participation at the 12th International Youth Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Promoting Open Data and Digital Commons in Culture and Research * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki Conference 2025 Wrap-Up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: October in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: DaSCHcon, 3D, Wiki GLAM conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A look at Grokipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: October edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: LivingData 2025, GLAMWiki and a "collector" Wikidata property proposal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: International outreach * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Sustainable CultureConnect Project report|Sustainable CultureConnect Project report]]: Sustainable CultureConnect: Empowering Youth and Preserving Heritage through Open Knowledge and Leadership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:29, 10 November 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29516862 --> == ''The Signpost'': 10 November 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/News and notes|Temporary accounts go live and WMF board member self-suspends]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Community view|Six Wikipedians' thoughts on Grokipedia, and the humanity of it all]] * Wikicup report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Wikicup report|BeanieFan11, WikiCup victor of 2025, covers the results]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/In the media|Jimbo's book, an argument about genocide, and a train of shame]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Recent research|Taking stock of the 2024–2025 research grants]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Opinion|With Grokipedia, top-down control of knowledge is new again]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Obituary|Struway]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Traffic report|The documentaried, the disowned, the deceased, Diwali and the Dodgers]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-11-10/Comix|Head of steam]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 12:56, 10 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29568932 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #705 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-11-10. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#704]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Other: Draft policy for [[d:Wikidata:Temporary account IP viewer|temporary account IP viewers]]. What requirements should be set for this user right? ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://blog.unicode.org/2025/11/introducing-unicode-inflection-library.html Introducing the Unicode Inflection Library Technical Preview Release] : The Unicode Inflection Library leverages comprehensive lexicons from Wikidata to support standardized, multilingual grammatical transformations for global software applications. * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=vwiCHKogS_8 Art+Feminism Celebrates Wikidata!] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=P0TnhpU1U9U&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD Day 5_Using WikiData with Spyral Notebook and Project Presentation] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ng89cq6ZH-o Wikidata and Wikipedia training for Art+Feminism 2025 in Uganda] ** What are Wikidata WikiProjects, and why should you join one? Watch [[c:File:What can I do on Wikidata? Examples of projects and workflows (Wikidata Leveling Up Days 2024).webm|this great explainer]] from the #LevelingUpDays2024 to see how these communities work together! Then, find your project: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProjects|Wikidata:WikiProjects]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [[:d:User:Difool/WikidataCleanup.js|User:Difool/WikidataCleanup.js]]: gadget allowing to do, in one click, a wide series of cleanups in an item: normalize labels, descriptions, and aliases (double spaces, certain Unicode characters), remove weak references, remove weakly referenced dates when they have lower precision than a strongly referenced date and downgrade unnecessary preferred ranks; about the general issue of redundancies in Wikidata, you can check [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Redundancy|WikiProject Redundancy]] *[https://ghanasupremecases.toolforge.org/ Ghanasupremecases] is a webapp that dynamically pulls and displays over 2,000 Supreme Court of Ghana cases from Wikidata, allowing users to access case details linked directly to Wikidata items. The goal is to make African legal data more open, structured, and discoverable, and to demonstrate how Wikidata can serve as a foundation for national-level legal archive ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Temporary accounts rollout: Starting November 12, the community will see logged‑out edits handled through temporary accounts instead of IPs, prompting tool and bot checks. * Help shape the future WikidatCon! If you attended [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], please take 10 minutes to share your feedback in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/WikidataCon-2025-Feedback this] anonymous GDPR-compliant survey (sslsurvey) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13903|operating humidity]] (<nowiki>humidity at which a device operates</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13914|collector]] (<nowiki>person or group who physically collected a specimen or object in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13922|Serbo-Croatian preferred project code]] (<nowiki>For an interwiki article, the property points to the Serbo-Croatian project (sh, bs, hr, sr) that either has a special connection to the topic or the highest quality article.</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13893|CACI company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13894|AEK Football player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13895|Sultanlar Ligi player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13896|BeWeb historical or artistic asset ID]], [[:d:Property:P13897|SofaScore sports team ID]], [[:d:Property:P13898|FootballFakts.ru football match ID]], [[:d:Property:P13899|Kicker sports match ID]], [[:d:Property:P13900|BDFutbol match ID]], [[:d:Property:P13901|Foot Mercato / Fichajes / Fussball Transfers player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13902|‎Disney+ browse ID]], [[:d:Property:P13904|‎Filmarks ID]], [[:d:Property:P13905|Memorial Book of Social Democracy-ID]], [[:d:Property:P13906|NLAI ID]], [[:d:Property:P13907|Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain ID]], [[:d:Property:P13908|The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts ID]], [[:d:Property:P13909|Antique Chinese and Japanese Porcelain Dictionary and Glossary of Terms entry]], [[:d:Property:P13910|Filmfriend movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P13911|Hesse School ID]], [[:d:Property:P13912|The Oxford Dictionary of Dance entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13913|Saxony School ID]], [[:d:Property:P13915|NCL Taiwan Periodical Literature periodical identifier]], [[:d:Property:P13916|NZ Charities Register Number]], [[:d:Property:P13917|IFES Election Guide ID]], [[:d:Property:P13918|Arte de la Argentina ID]], [[:d:Property:P13919|Democratic Memory Bank ID]], [[:d:Property:P13920|Kicker competition ID]], [[:d:Property:P13921|Soccer365.net team ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/time of deposition|time of deposition]] (<nowiki>date or point in time when an archaeological object or assemblage was buried, hidden, lost, or otherwise deposited.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/readiness|readiness]] (<nowiki>readiness</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/greenhouse gases emissions|greenhouse gases emissions]] (<nowiki>amount of greenhouse effect emited by a given company or industry sector</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/neuter form of label|neuter form of label]] (<nowiki>neuter form of name or title</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/current season|current season]] (<nowiki>{{TranslateThis | an identifier for the team's current season <!-- | xx = descriptions in other languages --> }}</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/flag carrier of|flag carrier of]] (<nowiki>country of which the airline is the flag carrier</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BFXC authority ID|BFXC authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BWB-nummer|BWB-nummer]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schulnummer Brandenburg|Schulnummer Brandenburg]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Shinto ID|Encyclopedia of Shinto ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Power Thesaurus ID|Power Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WDSF person ID|WDSF person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Blu-Ray.com film ID|Blu-Ray.com film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Japanese Law Translation ID|Japanese Law Translation ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/USGS Publication ID|USGS Publication ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Afrikaregisteret ID|Afrikaregisteret ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National cultural monument of Czechia ID|National cultural monument of Czechia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Admirable Façades styles ID|Admirable Façades styles ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage buildings ID|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage buildings ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage streets ID|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage streets ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dicionário Biográfico de Cientistas, Engenheiros e Médicos em Portugal ID|Dicionário Biográfico de Cientistas, Engenheiros e Médicos em Portugal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TikTok User ID|TikTok User ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/9hdp Map of all places related to persons with layers by property of the place] ([[Wikidata:Request_a_query#Map of all places related to persons with layers by property of the place|source]]) * WikiProject Highlights: Passionate about highlighting women's achievements? [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Women|WikiProject Women]] is dedicated to creating and improving data about women worldwide. Help close the gender gap in knowledge! [https://wikis.world/tags/WikidataWikiProjects #WikidataWikiProjects] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q1136251|Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape (Q1136251)]] - cultural landscape in South Africa * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L4479|fold (L4479)]] - English verb (foʊld) meaning "to bend over on itself", "to mix ingredients gently", or "to fail or give in" ''' Development ''' The development team were involved in roadmap planning meetings so not much happened in the past week. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Paraguay|Paraguay]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:44, 10 November 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29605325 --> == Tech News: 2025-46 == <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:35, 10 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 17 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #706 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-11-17. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#705]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Che-W-bot|Che-W-bot]] - Task(s): Possible duplicate of the bot below. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/CheWikibot|CheWikibot]] - Task(s): Import new articles created on Chechen Wikipedia (ce.wiki) to Wikidata. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/DDResearchBot|DDResearchBot]] - Task(s): This bot will facilitate adding structured, cited data from trusted integrity sources to Wikidata for [[d:User:Deweydigital|Dewey Digital]]. * Closed request for comments: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Adapt_blocking_policy_to_IPv6_networks|Adapt blocking policy to IPv6 networks]] - While there is a general agreement for admins to block /64, no consensus to add to the blocking Policy was reached. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Documented_and_featured_SPARQL_queries|Proposal to better document featured SPARQL queries]] - Consensus was reached and a vote is planned. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Gender_neutral_labels_for_occupations_and_positions_in_French|Gender neutral Labels for occupations/positions in French]] - Majority support for using male and female forms in French labels and aliases, gender-neutral descriptions, and completing male/female label properties. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Creating_items_for_videos_at_online_video_platforms_that_are_representation_of_notable_items|Items for videos of online platforms that represent notable Items]] - No consensus could be reached. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Is_it_worth_to_import_labels_from_interlanguage_links_of_other_wikipedia_projects_to_wikidata|Should Labels of interlanguage links from other Wikipedia Projects?]] - There is general support to import labels, however there are concerns about the import as an Alias. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Signed_Statements_(T138708)|Signed Statements]] - No consensus could be reached. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Use_of_dates_in_the_descriptions_of_items_regarding_humans|Use of dates in descriptions of items regarding humans]] - Dates on Wikidata are community-specific; add only to disambiguate, don’t remove, and format per language conventions. * Project chat: [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Proposal:_Prohibiting_LLM-generated_content|Proposal:Prohibiting LLM-generated content]] *Other: ** [[d:Wikidata:Temporary account IP viewer|Wikidata:Temporary account IP viewer]] - users who may view IP addresses associated with temporary accounts. ** [[d:Wikidata:Self-promotion|Wikidata:Self-promotion]] - an essay on creating an Item about yourself, your organisation, or your work is a form of self-promotion and is strongly discouraged. Feel free to update this page. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[m:Event:Wikidata_Days_IWUG_and_WAFTAI_2025|Wikidata Days: IWUG and WAFTAI]] - A 4 day edit-a-thon beginning November 26, 2025, for Cameroonian and Nigerian educational institutions. ** [https://wikimedia.or.id/acara/wikilatih-wikidata-fakultas-sains-dan-teknologi-universitas-airlangga/ WikiLatih Wikidata ] - November 21, 08:50am (WIB), learning around Wikidata: how to reuse data and edit Items. Organised by the Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga. * Just missed it: [[m:Event:First_steps_in_Wikidata_for_the_Wikimedia_LGBT_Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] - two introductory workshops for English, French and Spanish Wikipedians with an interest in learning Wikidata. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/GLAM/Newsletter/October_2025/Contents/Netherlands_report GLAM Netherlands report] The joint Radboud–Maastricht project Open Topstukken concluded at the Dutch National Library, showcasing 30 digitized collection highlights enriched with Linked Open Data via Wikidata and supported by new tools, documentation, and visualizations to enhance digital accessibility and interoperability. ** * Videos: ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=rNlREPqT9f8 Mujeres que Inspiran: Layla Michán - Wikidata e investigación] (Women who inspire. Wikidata & research) ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=CIVEYu4_C5E Wikidata Workshop: Improving African Authors and Books Items] ** (Spanish) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-CBvDSjnjM Enriquecer, reutilizar y modelar datos y metadatos usando Wikidata. Tomás Saorín Pérez] (Enrich, reuse, and model data and metadata using Wikidata.) ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=EAXd0rIl3kU Guide to the Wikidata Notability Policy] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=NnZan0XUpAc Wikidata: Wikimedia's knowledge graph in a world of generative AI] ** (Portuguese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=zvIJUb4Z4r0 O que saber antes de editar no Wikidata] (What to know before editing on Wikidata) ** (Portuguese) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=SZRaZMkwoWc Para além da Wikipédia: como os dados estruturados conectam saberes] (Beyond Wikipedia: how structured data connect knowledge) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Poro26/ArchiveExternaLinks.js/Documentation ArchiveExternaLinks] is a UserScript by [[User:Poro26|Poro26]]. The UserScript automates the archiving of all external links present in an item, whether they appear in statements, references or identifiers. For each external link, the script automatically adds an archive link [archive], similar to what is done on Wikipedia for web sources cited in references ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13923|data collection method]] (<nowiki>scientific data collection procedure used in/by the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13926|time of deposition]] (<nowiki>point in time when an archaeological object or assemblage was buried, hidden, lost, or otherwise deposited</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13939|Commonwealth Sport country code]] (<nowiki>code for countries participating in Commonwealth Sport events</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13924|Japanese Film Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P13925|GCatholic former diocese ID]], [[:d:Property:P13927|Myanmar Company Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P13928|Team Austria athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P13929|‎ECHL.com player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13930|‎Genbu.net ID]], [[:d:Property:P13931|ISTAMPIE ID]], [[:d:Property:P13932|HarmonyOS NEXT APP ID]], [[:d:Property:P13933|Federal Legal Information ID]], [[:d:Property:P13934|UNESCO Virtual Museum inventory ID]], [[:d:Property:P13935|South Korean Business Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P13936|‎Lämningsnummer]], [[:d:Property:P13937|‎Mackolik football manager ID]], [[:d:Property:P13938|Biserici.org church ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/role in naming|role in naming]] (<nowiki>the role the namesake played in relation to this item, i.e. why the item is named after the namesake</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Korea Heritage Service Heritage Portal ID|Korea Heritage Service Heritage Portal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lubimyczytać version/edition ID|Lubimyczytać version/edition ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UEA catalogue ID|UEA catalogue ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CRA program account number|CRA program account number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PL-AED|PL-AED]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yandex Object Answer ID|Yandex Object Answer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/G2bz Towns named after Alexander the great] **[https://w.wiki/G8T$ Heritage added to the Memory of the World International Register in 2025] (newly added data) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LGBTQ History|WikiProject LGBTQ History]] - aims to improve and organize data related to the history, people, places, events, and organizations that have contributed to LGBTQ+ experiences across time and geography. * WikiProject Highlights: ** 👩🔬Passionate about highlighting women's achievements? WikiProject Women is dedicated to creating and improving data about women worldwide. Help close the gender gap in knowledge! [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Women|WikiProject Women]] ** 🗳️ Interested in democracy and political data? Join WikiProject Elections to model data about elections, candidates, and results from around the globe. Make electoral data open and accessible! [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Elections|WikiProject Elections]] ** 🏛️ How do you find info on government institutions? WikiProject Govdirectory has a structured data model for that! Help improve data about public agencies on Wikidata. [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory|WikiProject Govdirectory]] ** 🎵 Into music? From classical to K-pop, WikiProject Music needs your expertise to harmonize data on songs, artists, and releases. Join the band! [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Music|WikiProject Music]] ** 🧬 Your skills can help model lifesaving data. WikiProject Medicine works on structured data for diseases, drugs, clinical trials, and anatomy. Join a project that matters. [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Medicine|WikiProject Medicine]] ** 🔍 Interested in how knowledge itself is structured? WikiProject Ontology delves into the fundamental classes and properties of Wikidata. Shape the backbone of the knowledge graph! [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology|WikiProject Ontology]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q12060728|Aboriginal Australians (Q12060728)]] - First Nations people of Australia * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1078947|ਦਿਮਾਗ਼ (L1078947)]] - Punjabi noun (dɪ.mäːɣ) meaning "brain (organ)", "intellect/mind", or "understanding/consciousness" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We are working on editing statements that link to other entities in their value ([[phab:T403974]], [[phab:T409149]]) ** We enabled mobile statement editing as a beta feature on test.wikidata.org ([[phab:T407737]]) * GraphQL prototype: We finished the work on making labels of linked entities available ([[phab:T404692]]) * Dumps: We are continuing to work on making the dump process more robust [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:18, 17 November 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29651461 --> == Tech News: 2025-47 == <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:23, 17 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement. There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:13, 24 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #707 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-11-24. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#706]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/News2DataBot|News2DataBot]] - Task(s): Check for new, unlinked articles on [[n:pl:|Polish Wikinews]] and create relevant Items. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/WikidataLiteraryWorksMetaDataUpload|WikidataLiteraryWorksMetaDataUpload]] - Task(s): Upload metadata for literary works from research project. * New request for comments: The [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Exhibition_models|Exhibition Models]] RfC was split into 2 Schema proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Schema_proposals/exhibition_concept|Exhibition Concept]] and [[d:Wikidata:Schema_proposals/exhibition_manifestation|Exhibition Manifestation]]. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Upcoming LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group session on 25 November 2025: Join the community-driven effort led by WikiProject Personal Pronouns to improve pronoun data modeling and ethics in Wikidata. This is part of a three-session series (Oct 14, Nov 25, Dec 9) focused on implementing new best practices. No prior Wikidata experience required. Join at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1764090000 17:00 UTC]. [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/PersonalPronouns|Event page]]. ** [[mw:Wikimedia_Hackathon_2026|Wikimedia Hackathon 2026]] - Hosted in Milan, Italy, scholarships are now open, [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ apply on Pretix]. ** [https://www.instagram.com/p/DRNg5ldkSi6/ Art+Feminism & Whose Knowledge?] - A conversation on building a feminist data future, Dec 5, 2025, 13:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1764939600 Time zone converter]). ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://www.allmo.ai/articles/what-we-know-about-the-impact-of-wikipedia-on-chatgpt-search-results Impact of Wikipedia and Wikidata on ChatGPT search results] ** [https://christianmahnke.de/en/post/authority-data-for-private-collectors/ Wikidata as an authority data source for private collectors] ** (German) [https://www.wikimeisterei.info/umwelt-und-klimabezug-in-grossen-wissensdatenbanken-wikipedia-wikidata-und-umweltportale-im-vergleich/ Environmental and climate reference in large knowledge databases. Wikipedia, Wikidata and environmental portals in comparison] * Presentations: Wikidata as a challenge for rule systems (Declarative AI 2025 Conf.) - [[c:File:Slideshow,_Wikidata_as_a_Challenge_for_Rule_Systems_-_Declarative_AI_2025_Conference_-_24_September_2025.pdf|Slides]] / [[c:File:Wikidata_as_a_Challenge_for_Rule_Systems_-_Declarative_AI_2025_Conference_-_24_September_2025.webm|Recording]] * Papers: [https://zenodo.org/records/17658826 Snapshot of bibliographic metadata from Wikidata for all Arabic periodicals published worldwide before 1930] - Project Jarāʾid, by T. Grallert, (2025). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iiL9WFx2JY An introduction to Wikidata and its use for librarians and researchers]; slides available [[:commons:File:An introduction to Wikidata and its use for librarians and researchers.pdf|on Commons]] ** WikidataCon 2025 Session Playlists (YouTube):<br> [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLduaHBu_3ejPTAZXQTHlAElm-DZ5dohph&si=5IJr95Jrh_AyIT43 Day 1 (31.10)] / [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLduaHBu_3ejM0BKzQWaw_WKIBamH4DevT&si=U-sw7JMx3xsiGu-d Day 2 (01.11)] / [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLduaHBu_3ejNQdOCF9ztkrUktwi_UMRD5&si=0xXL60KWrhXff98F Day 3 (02.11)] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1S4ujNG8w5M Wikidata in library catalogues: Introduction to the Primo VE linked data feature] - By Dr Thneed ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=mHXIZBfft7A Wikidata Live Editing: Stolpersteine and the Holocaust victims they commemorate] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5MKIlVJyeCw&pp=0gcJCR4Bo7VqN5tD Towards Linked Data Fluency: Takeaways from a Wikidata Workflow Pilot Program] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOoNMI7o_G4 Enhancing authority files through SPARQL federated queries] - Thomas Kerboul and the Bibliothèque de Genève improved person data by comparing Wikidata and IdRef, with manual checks preventing ID mix-ups. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNlREPqT9f8 Inspiring Women: Layla Michán - Wikidata and research] - Dr. Aguirre (UNAM) discusses Wikidata as a collaborative research tool and shared experiences in the “Women Who Inspire” series. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikidata-timetrail.toolforge.org/ Timetrail] is a website that visualizes the movement of Wikidata items over time by mapping their associated events and locations. * The redesigned WikiProvenance is now live, featuring a new front end and backend for exploring and comparing Wikidata provenance information. Try examples like [https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/provenance.html?item=Q1339 Johann Sebastian Bach] or [https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/compare.html?compare=Q5,Q515 Human vs. City] and [https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/compare.html?compare=Q90,Q84 Paris vs. London]. Explore it here: [https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/ https://wikiprovenance.toolforge.org/] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Data_access#Linked_Data_Fragments_endpoint|LDF endpoint retirement considered]]: The unstable and low-traffic LDF endpoint may be retired to reduce maintenance effort and unnecessary load on WDQS. If your workflow depends on it and you would hate to see it go, please let the Wikidata development team know at [[d:Wikidata talk:Data access|Wikidata talk:Data access]]. * [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Reminder:_WDQS_legacy_endpoint_decommissioning|WDQS Legacy endpoint deprecation]]: The legacy endpoint (<code>query-legacy-full.wikidata.org</code>) will be fully decommissioned on 7 January 2026. Please migrate tools and workflows to the supported endpoints: <code>query.wikidata.org</code> (Main) or <code>query-scholarly.wikidata.org</code> (Scholarly). Assistance is available on the [[d:Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages. * [[c:File:Community report Data Governance Research (Q2 2025).pdf|Insights from Data Governance Research Process 2025]]: Results of the research to better understand how the communities currently think about which data and communities are best served by Wikidata, Wikibase Cloud or Wikibase Suite respectively. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Abstract_Wikipedia_naming_contest|Abstract Wikipedia naming contest]]: Help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project which is provisionally known as Abstract Wikipedia. The second phase of voting is now open until December 1. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13940|CUIT]], [[:d:Property:P13941|REGAFI id]], [[:d:Property:P13942|Hong Kong company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13943|California Entity Number]], [[:d:Property:P13944|Mã số doanh nghiệp]], [[:d:Property:P13945|‎InfoconDB series ID]], [[:d:Property:P13946|‎InfoconDB conference ID]], [[:d:Property:P13947|‎Biography.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P13948|Hudobné centrum person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13949|Hudobné centrum group ID]], [[:d:Property:P13950|FAIR Epigraphic Vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Property:P13951|NVLI ID]], [[:d:Property:P13952|SerBenfiquista.com players ID]], [[:d:Property:P13953|‎BG IISDA org ID]], [[:d:Property:P13954|‎BG NACID person ID]], [[:d:Property:P13955|The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland ID]], [[:d:Property:P13956|Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Present entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13957|National cultural monument of Czechia ID]], [[:d:Property:P13958|‎Davis Cup player ID since 2025]], [[:d:Property:P13959|‎Eiga.com drama ID]], [[:d:Property:P13960|Last Address ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/parliamentary group leader|parliamentary group leader]] (<nowiki>the identity of the leader of a parliamentary group</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SignWriting transcription|SignWriting transcription]] (<nowiki>representation in SignWriting</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/free height|free height]] (<nowiki>vertical distance from the floor level to the lowest obstruction in the ceiling of an indoor or outdoor space</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/thumbtime|thumbtime]] (<nowiki>Time for video thumbnail in seconds</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Credibly accused of|Credibly accused of]] (<nowiki>entity (person or organization) that has been credibly accused of a crime or serious misconduct, but is not (yet) convicted</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review:: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CHZZK streamer ID|CHZZK streamer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FC Barcelona players ID|FC Barcelona players ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Qalamos person ID|Qalamos person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KISTI conference ID|KISTI conference ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KaraokeTexty.cz artist ID|KaraokeTexty.cz artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KaraokeTexty.cz song ID|KaraokeTexty.cz song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DLSite dōjin circle ID|DLSite dōjin circle ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DLSite person ID|DLSite person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DLSite work ID|DLSite work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Showlabs ID|Showlabs ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DEUMM Online ID|DEUMM Online ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kvinnehistorie.no persons ID|Kvinnehistorie.no persons ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foot Résultats player ID|Foot Résultats player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Manga-DB person ID|Manga-DB person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Manga-DB publisher ID|Manga-DB publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Manga-DB magazine ID|Manga-DB magazine ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Slekt og Data cemetery ID|Slekt og Data cemetery ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/GGLu Videogames in the wrong genre] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Video_games_with_the_wrong_genre|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/GGM2 People buried in Italian (or subregion) cemeteries] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#People_buried_in_Italian_(or_a_subregion)_cemeteries|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Bookbindings|Bookbindings]] - share metadata and images from the currently offline Database of Bookbindings at the British Library ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Irish_Traditional_Music/Projects|Irish Traditional Music:Projects]] - aims to systematically create and enhance Wikidata items for people profiled in the 2024 edition of Fintan Vallely's The Companion to Irish Traditional Music. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Basketball/Teams/Western_Illinois_Leathernecks_women's_basketball|Basketball: Western Illinois Leathernecks Women's]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Lost_Media#Subpages|Lost Media/Subpages]] - aim to list all media lost to time in Wikidata * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q118398|arXiv (Q118398)]] - online digital archive for electronic preprints of scientific papers * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1405411|Bogucin (L1405411)]] - Polish proper noun (bɔˈɡu.t͡ɕin) meaning "village in Greater Poland", "village in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship", or "village in Lublin Voivodeship" ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:28, 24 November 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29702952 --> == Tech News: 2025-48 == <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:53, 24 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == This Month in Education: November 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 11 • November 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026|Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 & 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia|Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras|Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day|190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI|2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States|Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th|November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025|EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia|Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka|Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon & Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe|Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course|Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training|United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM|Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge|Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo|Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo|Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community|Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 13:46, 30 November 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29716809 --> == ''The Signpost'': 1 December 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/News and notes|Election cycles come and go, and Wikimedia Foundation achieves record revenue in 2024–2025!]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/In the media|Wales walk-off, antisemitism, supernatural powers, feminism turmoil, saints, and sex]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Recent research|At least 80 million inconsistent facts on Wikipedia – can AI help find them?]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Disinformation report|Epstein email exchanges planned strategy, edits and reported progress]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Traffic report|It's a family affair]] * Book review: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Book review|''The Seven Rules of Trust'']] * From the archives: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/From the archives|"I have been asked by Jeffrey Epstein ..."]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Humour|An interview with Wikipe-tan]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Opinion|AI finds errors in 90% of Wikipedia's best articles]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Serendipity|Highlights from the itWikiCon 2025]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-01/Comix|Madness]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 00:16, 1 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29700455 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The term "'''halachic state'''" (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 08:01, 1 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #708 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-01. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#707]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * A Project Chat discussion ([[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#default_for_all_languages_(mul)|here]]) on mul / fallback language for Labels, Descriptions and Aliases has continued on [[d:Help_talk:Default_values_for_labels_and_aliases#In_the_long_run,_we_should_have_separate_mul_properties_for_different_scripts|Help Talk: Default values for labels and aliases]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Mark your calendars *** [https://vsa-aas.ch/event/workshop-die-schweizer-archivlandschaft-wikidata-und-interaktive-karte/ Workshop: The Swiss archival landscape – Wikidata and interactive map]<br>February 2 & April 20 (German) / June 2 (French), 2026. Workshops are on-site and online, registration mandatory (closes January 20). *** [https://g0v.hackmd.io/@jothon/20251207 Citizen Technology Community Gathering and Taiwan Translation Launch of Linked Open Data Documents] December 7 Time: 13:30-16:50 UTC+8 at {{Q|707524}} Xi Project *** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #83 December 8 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [[DiffBlog:2025/11/27/new-tools-new-contributors-new-energy-wikidata-13-celebration-in-the-philippines|Wikidata 13th celebration in the Philippines]] ** [[DiffBlog:2025/11/26/wikidata-13th-birthday-taiwan-special-event-recap-part-3|Wikidata 13th Birthday: Taiwan special event recap (part 3)]] ** [[wmbe:Newsletter/2025-11/en#WikidataCon_2025:_a_conversation_with_organizer_Danny_Benjafield|WikidataCon 2025: A conversation with Danny Benjafield]] ** [[DiffBlog:2025/11/28/wikidata-13th-birthday-celebration-in-the-igbo-wikimedians-user-group/|Wikidata 13th Birthday Celebration in the Igbo Wikimedians User Group]] ** [[DiffBlog:2025/11/28/africa-wiki-women-celebrates-wikidatas-13th-birthday/|Africa Wiki Women Celebrates Wikidata’s 13th Birthday]] * Papers: [https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-4108/paper3.pdf Benchmarking SPARQL Engines on Wikidata Queries] - Four open-source SPARQL engines were benchmarked on Wikidata, with QLever fastest, Blazegraph slower, and all showing SPARQL standard deviations. By Peter F. Patel-Schneider (2025). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Hda2mRjJ3Q Records in Contexts (RiC) Wikibase Working Session] - Regine Heberlein of the (SAA) Description Section Steering Committee hosts a workshop on Wikibase implementation of the Records in Context Conceptual Model (RiC-CM). ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHXIZBfft7A Wikidata Live Editing: Stolpersteine and the Holocaust victims they commemorate] - Follow along as WMDE's Lukas Werkmeister expands Items of Berlin Stoelpersteine. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1S4ujNG8w5M Wikidata in library catalogues: Introduction to the Primo VE linked data feature] - by Dr Thneed ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://www.prixlitteraires.fr Prix Littéraires] lists French-speaking literary prizes and their recipients, also computing [https://www.prixlitteraires.fr/graph/Q3113738 statistics] (see also [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject French-speaking literary prizes|WikiProject]]) ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Nov 27: The Wikibase Community User Group met for a Wikibase Live Session and to discuss the Federated Values demonstration. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13961|Federal Taxpayer Registry ID]], [[:d:Property:P13962|WDSF athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P13963|TikTok numeric user ID]], [[:d:Property:P13964|USGS Publication ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/concurring opinion by|concurring opinion by]] (<nowiki>judicial opinion agreed to by less than half of the members of a court agreeing with the majority's final decision but providing different or additional reasons</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/audio version of text|audio version of text]] (<nowiki>The audio version of a text (e.g. book). Not the audio version of the Wikipedia article about the text (e.g. book).</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hong Kong fire alarm level|Hong Kong fire alarm level]] (<nowiki>Hong Kong fire alarm levels classification system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/overnight stays|overnight stays]] (<nowiki>number of tourists that stay overnight at a place</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/specimen determiner|specimen determiner]] (<nowiki>person who assigned the identification to a specimen</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/collection date|collection date]] (<nowiki>the date-time or interval during which a specimen or object was collected in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/position holder name string|position holder name string]] (<nowiki>name of person holding a position</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Crowdfunding target|Crowdfunding target]] (<nowiki>target goal of this Crowdfunding campaign</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/image sensor format|image sensor format]] (<nowiki>shape and size of a digital camera's image sensor</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/random page URL|random page URL]] (<nowiki>link to random page on website</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/translates from|translates from]] (<nowiki>language(s) that this person, company or organization translates works texts from</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Twitter broadcast ID|Twitter broadcast ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Petal Maps Place ID|Petal Maps Place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MJ character glyph name|MJ character glyph name]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mastercaller player ID|Mastercaller player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dartn.de player ID|dartn.de player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/darts1.de player ID|darts1.de player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/pdpa.co.uk player ID|pdpa.co.uk player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Antiquitatum Thesaurus ID|Antiquitatum Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Theaterencyclopedie-identificatiecode|Theaterencyclopedie-identificatiecode]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Buy Me a Coffee username|Buy Me a Coffee username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GoFundMe ID|GoFundMe ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant Maitron d'une biographie (nouvelle version)|Identifiant Maitron d'une biographie (nouvelle version)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Michaelis Portuguese-English properties|Michaelis Portuguese-English properties]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/U.S. Copyright Office Public Records System name slug|U.S. Copyright Office Public Records System name slug]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FCC ID Database company ID|FCC ID Database company ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/GMoW Objects bearing the handwriting of Moses Maimonides] [[d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/genizah|(Source)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Uzbekistan|Uzbekistan]], [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Natural_History_Specimen_Data_Model|Natural History Specimen Data Model]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Popular_items_without_claims|Popular Items without Claims]] - these are the most-connected or linked Items that do not have any Statements. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q7414|The Walt Disney Company (Q7414)]] - American multinational mass media company * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L103836|девочка (L103836)]] - Russian noun (dʲɪˈvot͡ɕkə) meaning "female child", "affectionate address to a woman", or "female organism" ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: ** We have added editing support for more data types (entity IDs, geographical shapes and tabular data). ** It is now available as a beta feature on test.wikidata.org. You can enable it [https://test.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures here]. * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: We are rolling out improvements to the Databox Lua module to a number of Wikipedias to make it easier to have out-of-the-box Wikidata-powered infoboxes * Ontology federation: We are making progress with making it possible to use Wikidata Item's as statement values in other Wikibase instances * GraphQL: We are continuing the work on the prototype, focusing on getting data from a batch of Items * Wikidata Query Service: The Wikidata Platform team is working on benchmarking of different replacement options for Blazegraph, the software powering the Wikidata Query Service [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Togo|Togo]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:57, 1 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29714910 --> == Tech News: 2025-49 == <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:54, 1 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:29, 8 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #709 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-08. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#708]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Well,_Well,_Bot!|Well, Well, Bot!]] - Task/s: Database imports, maintenance. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/RijksBot|RijksBot]] - Task/s: Adding [[Property:P13234|Rijksmuseum IDs]] (P13234) to Wikidata items based on a CSV mapping of [[Q43649390|QIDs]] to [[Q25861166|Rijksmuseum]] [[Q61694|URIs]]. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/CostamiriBot|CostamiriBot]] - Task/s: [[Q718|Chess]] related tasks such as monthly updates to the [[Q105955|elo]] [[Q105955|rating]] of [[Q10873124|chess players]]. * New draft: [[Wikidata:External identifiers/Obsolescence]] (opinions are welcome in its talk page) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://us06web.zoom.us/meeting/register/dikm7CrXSZ27EuPJA3r56w#/registration How to view #25N with Wikidata?] - a community hour with Wikimedia Chile, 21:00 UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1765224000 Time zone converter]) ** [https://luma.com/7fs5v7os Fact-Checking with Wikidata Workshop] - January 20, 2026, 16:30 ~ 18:00 UTC+1 ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1768930200 Time zone converter]) - WMDE's Philippe Saadé will show hands-on methods using the Wikidata MCP to retrieve, filter and classify Wikidata statements with semantic search, reranker LLM and NLI models, registration required. ** (Portuguese) [https://pt.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ponto_de_Encontro_Wikimedia/II Meeting Point Editatona II - Warm your hands modeling festival on Wikidata]: December 10, 2025, 15:00 - 19:00 UTC+1, Porto, Portugal. ** Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session 9 December, 2025: We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group Session on Tuesday, 9 December, 2025 at 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 17:00 UTC / 6pm CET ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1765299600 Time zone converter]). WikiProject Personal Pronouns members will lead three implementation sessions to improve the data modeling and ethics of personal pronoun representation in Wikidata based on newly-established best practices and Wikidata policy by remediating legacy statements with participants. No previous Wikidata experience is needed to participate. Sessions will be held on October 14, November 25, and December 9, 2025 at our regular time of 9am PT/ 12pm ET/ 17:00 UTC / 6pm CET. Event page: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/PersonalPronouns|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/PersonalPronouns]] * Past Events: [https://www.sas.ac.uk/digital-humanities-research-hub/events/documenting-epigraphic-data-wikidata-ontology-practice Digital Humanities Hub: Documenting epigraphic data, Wikidata ontology practice] - December 2 & 3, 2025, both 14:00 ~ 15:30 UTC. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/03/celebrating-wikidatas-13th-birthday-in-lafia-a-day-of-learning-community-and-open-knowledge-🎉/ Wikidata 13th Birthday Celebration in Lafia] * Papers: ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.00590 Wikontic: Constructing Wikidata-Aligned, Ontology-Aware Knowledge Graphs with Large Language Models] - Chepurova ''et al''., (2025) ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.399 Victims of Posterity. Identifying Gaps on 19th-Century French Art History with Wikidata] - first paper in the [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/collections/wikidata_across_the_humanities ''Wikidata Across the Humanities: Datasets, Methodologies, Reuse''] collection by the Journal of Open Humanities Data. Authored by Claire Dupin de Beyssat. * Videos: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6T6_l2aEKXM GB Claude Code AI Agent: Fully Autonomous Wikidata Query & Visualization (Zero Human Intervention)] ** (Taiwanese Mandarin) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iadJst1IN8 Wikidata Taiwan translation project on "Creating Library Linked Data with Wikibase: Lessons Learned from Project Passage"] (as published by the OCLC) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://ranjithsiji.github.io/wikiguessr/ Wikiguessr Game] Is a Wikidata game it guess the location from Image from anywhere around the world by [[User: Ranjithsiji]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Remembering Amos Bairoch, co-contributor to [https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/52/D1/D44/7329473 Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Semantic Web of data] and consulted often for TiagoLubiana's [[d:User:CellosaurusBot|CellosaurusBot]]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> *Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P13975|‎GBFS feed URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a GBFS feed for the bicycle-sharing system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P13977|code of conduct URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a resource that contains the Code of Conduct of a project or organization</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13965|BFXC authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P13967|Out tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P13968|GayCities ID]], [[:d:Property:P13969|Fight.ru fighters ID]], [[:d:Property:P13970|Personality Database group ID]], [[:d:Property:P13971|‎Codes for the administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China]], [[:d:Property:P13972|Macanese company ID]], [[:d:Property:P13973|‎MovieID film ID]], [[:d:Property:P13974|Teen Vogue tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P13976|‎CRT Database model ID]], [[:d:Property:P13978|PriceRunner product ID]], [[:d:Property:P13979|BWB number]], [[:d:Property:P13980|Brandenburg School ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> *New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/fragrance gender|fragrance gender]] (<nowiki>category for which a fragrance is marketed</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/perfumer|perfumer]] (<nowiki>person who created a perfume</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Discharge regime|Discharge regime]] (<nowiki>The '''[[:en:Discharge regime|discharge regime]]''' can be Glacial, Nival or Pluvial. It can be a combination of 2 : Nivo-pluvial, Pluvio-nival, Nivo-glacial, etc. Be specific (e.g. pluvial tropical, meridional, etc.). Or be complex</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/minimal pair of|minimal pair of]] (<nowiki>lexeme that differ from this one in only one phonological element</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cookpad Recipe ID|Cookpad Recipe ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sector.sk game ID|Sector.sk game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Card Player ID|Card Player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragrantica perfume ID|Fragrantica perfume ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragrantica perfume brand ID|Fragrantica perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/My Abandonware theme ID|My Abandonware theme ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identificador Banrep Cultural|Identificador Banrep Cultural]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/izoh.uz word ID|izoh.uz word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VGChartz game ID|VGChartz game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Metacritic video game genre ID|Metacritic video game genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Place Names and Places of Nova Scotia ID|Place Names and Places of Nova Scotia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Taking Stock ID|Taking Stock ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Game Font Library ID|Game Font Library ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragrantica perfume notes ID|Fragrantica perfume notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EAGER game ID|EAGER game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/AA7J Birthplace of French Heads of State] ** [https://w.wiki/ACWE Films starring Cary Grant, directed by Howard Hughes, available on YouTube] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Turkmenistan|WikiProject Turkmenistan]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q16994327|Goosebumps]] - 2015 film directed by Rob Letterman * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3958|course (L3958)]] - English noun (kɔːrs) meaning "direction of movement", "program of study", or "part of a meal" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** It's now possible to edit existing references ([[phab:T405236]]) ** We fixed a number of issues such as a problem when adding the first statements to an item ([[phab:T409069]]) ** We started work on showing constraint violation indicators ([[phab:T400676]]) ** We're working on showing errors in the edit form ([[phab:T408928]]) ** We're improving the edit summaries ([[phab:T411247]]) * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We continued working on improvements to the Databox Lua module and template * GraphQL: We continued working on the first version of GraphQL support [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Togo|Togo]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:42, 8 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29714910 --> == Tech News: 2025-50 == <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:41, 8 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XI, November 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Call for volunteers, Computer's Day and upcoming events * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Czech Radio and Wikimedia CZ launched cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Our Activities in November * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wrap up of the 2025 GLAM call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference, a NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence update & Auckland Museum Summer Students * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD and Cultural Institutions: A Year of Growth, Content, and Collaboration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025 conference, WiR Meeting and the First National Institute of Museums Training on GLAM–Wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: IT Wikicon, Faces and Masks, Matrimoine @ Genève * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Awards season- again! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: November edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Here to Help: The Next Stage of the Content Partnerships Hub * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Enriching the data set * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 04:21, 11 December 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29692345 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:56, 15 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29779168 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #710 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-15. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#709]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * [[d:Wikidata talk:Requests for comment/Mass-editing policy|The mass editing policy Request for Comments]] has a number of open questions looking for votes and comments to shape the mass-editing policy. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: * A [[:d:Wikidata:Scholia/Events/2025 12|Scholia hackathon]] is ongoing this week, focused on completing the transition of Scholia to [[:d:WD:QLever|QLever]] as the SPARQL backend for its Wikidata queries. * [[:meta:Wikimedia Indonesia/Pekan Data dan Teknologi 2025|Data and Technology Week 2025]] from 19th of December 2025 to 22 of December 2025, organized by {{Q|13098516}}. Consisted of a Wikidata Workshop, a Wikifunction Introductory Seminar and [[Wikidata:WikiProject Indonesia/Kegiatan/Datathon|Geodatathon]]. This event is in Indonesian. ** (English) [[d:Event:2025_SEA_Games_Datathon|WM Malaysia / 2025 SEA Games Datathon]] - 20.12.2025, 1200 ~ 1400 UTC. [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/2677|Register]] to contribute to items about athletes competing in [[d:Q25041680|South East Asian Games 2025 ]]<small> ([[d:Q25041680|Q25041680]])</small> ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: (French) [https://www.facebook.com/reel/2155010721972790/ Facebook post: ArkéoTopia]: Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques (CTHS) to begin integrating Wikidata * Papers: ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.438 Open Data Practices of Art Museums in Wikidata: A Compliance Assessment] - second paper of the [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/collections/wikidata_across_the_humanities ''Wikidata Across the Humanities: Datasets, Methodologies, Reuse''] collection. By Dişli et al., (2025). ** [https://ital.corejournals.org/index.php/ital/article/view/17384 VIAF Governance Concerns about the Refurbished VIAF Web and API Interfaces] by Stefano Bargioni (2025): a detailed account of the technical and governance issues experienced by [[:d:Q54919|VIAF]] in 2025 and its impact on its many external reusers, including Wikidata * Videos: ** (Italian) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=k3VZpTDOJTQ Wikidata and Wikibase for research]: Camillo Pellizzari gives an overview of Wikidata, the data model, potential as scientific research subject and tool, then a Wikibase intro and its uses beyond Wikidata, with example instance: [https://hypotheseis.wikibase.cloud/ Hypotheseis]; slides [[:commons:File:Wikidata e Wikibase per la ricerca (Seminario di cultura digitale).pdf|on Commons]] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TM4SJeJhcvg Feminist Structured data: A Conversation with Art+Feminism and Whose Knowledge?]: How feminist values can reshape structured data on Wikidata to address gaps, representation, and opportunities for collaboration across communities. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwxdyWHEhpw Community Hours: Art+Feminism community in Armenia]: Former regional A+F ambassador, Arminé Aghayan-Flisch, tells us of her experiences growing the A+F Armenian community through GLAM, Wikidata and Wikipedia. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1sD0G2Obfw PADEP 2025: Using Wikidata in Sociocultural Research]: Dr. Luis Álvarez Azcárraga teaches the course: ''Using Wikidata in Sociocultural Research: Open Databases for Social, Artistic, and Cultural Studies'' ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3hM9hc2tyM See something, change something Webinar]: @[https://www.youtube.com/?si=1fp2tMPLBvkNmrPJ 58:10], a presentation on the Wikidata agent plug-in for ArchivesSpace is given. ** [[c:File:Wikibase_Live_Session_November_2025_-_Federated_Values_Demo.webm|Wikibase Live Session / November 27]]: First demo presented of federation of values from Wikidata to Wikibases. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://broomstick.toolforge.org/ Broomstick] - Broomstick is a tool to uncover Lexemes that can be improved on Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Congratulations to [https://www.govdirectory.org Govdirectory], the [https://www.fsf.org/news/2024-free-software-awards-winners winner of the FSF's Award for Projects of Social Benefit]. * [[d:Wikidata:Tools/WikibaseJS-cli|wikibase-cli]] got [https://github.com/maxlath/wikibase-cli/blob/main/docs/write_operations.md#add-claim-unless-it-already-exists|improved support for claim reconciliation]. This is typically useful to add a claim unless it already exists. * [[m:Grants:Programs/Wikimedia Research & Technology Fund/Wikimedia Research Fund|The Wikimedia Research Fund]] is open for funding applications for research projects around the Wikimedia Projects, including Wikidata. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P13986|has grammatical number]] (<nowiki>grammatical number used in this language</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P13982|‎NLI Newspaper Collection ID]], [[:d:Property:P13983|Cabinet minutes of the German Government ID]], [[:d:Property:P13984|neodb.social ID]], [[:d:Property:P13985|Flemish Community Masterpieces List item ID]], [[:d:Property:P13987|Medicin.dk medical condition ID]], [[:d:Property:P13988|‎Mapillary username]], [[:d:Property:P13989|‎Sector.sk game ID]], [[:d:Property:P13990|‎My Abandonware theme ID]], [[:d:Property:P13991|‎Encyclopedia of Shinto ID]], [[:d:Property:P13992|‎Blu-Ray.com film ID]], [[:d:Property:P13993|‎Japanese Law Translation ID]], [[:d:Property:P13994|‎Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage streets ID]], [[:d:Property:P13995|‎Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage buildings ID]], [[:d:Property:P13996|Getty Collections Archival Component ID]], [[:d:Property:P13997|CRA program account number]], [[:d:Property:P13998|FC Barcelona player ID]], [[:d:Property:P13999|Qalamos person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14000|‎KISTI conference ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/survivalhorrors.com ID|survivalhorrors.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diccionari de la llengua catalana entry ID|Diccionari de la llengua catalana entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GamesIndustry.biz game ID|GamesIndustry.biz game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WhatsOnStage Stage Names ID|WhatsOnStage Stage Names ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adventure Game Hotspot game ID|Adventure Game Hotspot game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Netflix titre|identifiant Netflix titre]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/4gamer.net game ID|4gamer.net game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragrantica perfumer ID|Fragrantica perfumer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PC Guru game ID|PC Guru game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/British Newspaper Archive publication ID|British Newspaper Archive publication ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GOG tag ID|GOG tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Open Food Facts brand ID|Open Food Facts brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Games for Change directory ID|Games for Change directory ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/GbVa All ports in Wikidata, sorted by the total number of statements] ** [https://w.wiki/Ghiv Queer and LGBT Literature that have won Literary Awards] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Improving_a_query|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/GiaY Bubble chart with numbers shown in the bubbles: Memory of the World inscriptions from Arab states] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_P244_maintenance|WikiProject P244 maintenance]] - For coordination and improvement of Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAP) via [[d:Property:P244|Library of Congress authority ID]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Museum_of_Glass|WikiProject Museum of Glass]] <small>([[d:Q2894440|Q2894440]])</small> - improving the visibility of visiting artists to the [[d:Q7896574|University of Washington Information School]] * WikiProject Highlights: Egezort's efforts in [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Mereology_Task_Force/Effort_0001:_Removing_or_migrating_part_of_statements_in_recipe_relationships|Mereology: removing/migrating part of statements in Recipe relationships]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Unauthorized_bots|34 Bots operating without a Bot flag]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q1426707|Fort George (Q1426707)]] - 18th-century fortress built in the Scottish Highlands in the aftermath of the Jacobite Rising of 1745 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L31222|mesa (L31222)]] - Spanish noun (ˈme.sa) meaning "table (furniture)", "mesa (flat-topped hill)", or "served table for dining" ''' Development ''' * Edit summaries: We made changes that will improve the automatic edit summaries of edits made using the wbeditentity API endpoint. Tools that use this endpoint to edit statements will, in some cases, now have more accurate edit summaries; this also affects how such edits are summarized in [[d:Wikidata:Edit groups|edit groups]]. ([[phab:T411247]]) * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are collecting feedback from the first wikis who got the new and improved Databox module. * Mobile statement editing: ** We are making remaining changes for the first roll-out as a beta-feature. ** We are working on showing constraint violations. ([[phab:T411602]], [[phab:T400676]]) * GraphQL: We are working on making it possible to query for Items by Property/value pair ([[phab:T403576]]) * REST API: We are improving error messages for requests that failed due to an IP block ([[phab:T404727]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Germany|Germany]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:32, 15 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29770611 --> == Tech News: 2025-51 == <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:59, 15 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == Request for Wp/kai logo review == Hello sir @[[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]], we completed the settings in the request page for [[Wp/kai]] here ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_Karai-Karai Requests for new languages/Wikipedia Karai-Karai]) and we need your help to review the logo we uploaded and confirm whether it is okay or needs some improvements. Help us please if there is any other thing missing on the page or any required settings we might have missed. Thank you in advance for your help. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|talk]]) 19:38, 15 December 2025 (UTC) == This Month in Education: December 2025 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 14 • Issue 12 • December 2025</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages|WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage|Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context|What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge|WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina|Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University |WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon & Workshop in St Aloysius University]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição|Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025|Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania|New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania|New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025|Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop|Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 14:22, 17 December 2025 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29814101 --> == ''The Signpost'': 17 December 2025 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Interview|Part 1: Bernadette Meehan]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/News and notes|We're gonna have a party!]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/In the media|The "bigg" bosses: Robertsky and the Pope]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Traffic report|Death and stranger things]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Gallery|A feast of holidays and carols]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Obituary|Michal Lewi (Iwelam) and Alan R. King (A R King)]] * Concept: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Concept|List of xxtreme sports (redirected from Electrojousting)]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2025-12-17/Comix|display: flex-inline;]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 20:05, 17 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29700455 --> == A barnstar for you! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Original Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | Hey! I just wanted to give you this barnstar as a token of appreciation for your help around here, especially when it comes to updating [[Incubator:Featured wikis]]. Keep up the good work! [[User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]] ([[User talk:Jon Harald Søby|talk]]) 21:44, 19 December 2025 (UTC) |} == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:26, 22 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #711 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-22. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#710]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Vitaly Zdanevich|Vitaly Zdanevich]] * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Title markup bot|Title markup bot]] - Task(s): There is a variety of HTML markup found in , violating various constraints on the property. The following task description is for a bot that can start the required cleanup process. I would like to request permission to implement the functionality outlined here as a first iteration, on the understanding that it will be extended and refined to cover more cases. It will operate within the limitation that it will only modify values, add qualifiers and update labels to keep them in-line with altered titles. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=g-8yjmnEBUs Wikidata 13th Anniversary in the Tyap Wikimedians User Group] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PifGSfnVGtw Remapping the Down Survey] - By OSM for History Buffs ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=DxEux41PqC0 Open Data DEx Demo #1 - This week's topic: Astronomy in WikiData!] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikidata-timetrail.toolforge.org Timetrail] - is a website that visualizes the movement of Wikidata items over time by mapping their associated events and locations. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland jobs: ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.career.softgarden.de/jobs/61646562/Director-of-Engineering-all-genders-/ Director of Engineering] (all genders) ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.career.softgarden.de/jobs/60133850/Senior-Data-Analyst-all-genders-/ Senior Data Analyst] (all genders) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14005|Japanese court rank]] (<nowiki>Japanese court rank of a person or a shrine</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14006|‎value of this mathematical characteristic]] (<nowiki>non-numeric value of this characteristic applied to this mathematical object</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14001|Taking Stock ID]], [[:d:Property:P14002|Antiquitatum Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P14003|The Advocate tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P14004|‎Game Font Library ID]], [[:d:Property:P14007|IMI person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14008|‎Metacritic video game genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P14009|Banrep Cultural ID]], [[:d:Property:P14013|FCC ID Database company slug]], [[:d:Property:P14016|EDBO institution code]], [[:d:Property:P14017|‎GamesIndustry.biz game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14018|‎PC Guru game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/common organism|common organism]] (<nowiki>organisms known by a common name of a biological taxon</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/part|part]] (<nowiki>exact number denoting the part of a creative work or edition</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/heir apparent|heir apparent]] (<nowiki>person designated to take on royal position after death of subject</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo perfume ID|Parfumo perfume ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo perfumer ID|Parfumo perfumer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo perfumes ID|Parfumo perfumes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo fragrance notes ID|Parfumo fragrance notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BoomerShooterDB game ID|BoomerShooterDB game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Rappels d'une production théâtrale|identifiant Rappels d'une production théâtrale]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfinity notes ID|Parfinity notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vandal game ID|Vandal game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Google Ads Transparency Center advertiser ID|Google Ads Transparency Center advertiser ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GBIF ID|GBIF ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MetroidvaniaDB game ID|MetroidvaniaDB game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Games.cz game ID|Games.cz game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Basenotes perfume brand ID|Basenotes perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Basenotes perfume people ID|Basenotes perfume people ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Basenotes perfume ID|Basenotes perfume ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CICAP Encyclopedia ID|CICAP Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Zelda Wiki ID|Zelda Wiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yaba Sanshiro ID|Yaba Sanshiro ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificador Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia|identificador Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Finnish railway station code|Finnish railway station code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fight-A-Base game ID|Fight-A-Base game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sketchfab model ID|Sketchfab model ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sketchfab channel ID|Sketchfab channel ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sketchfab user ID|Sketchfab user ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DVIDS Video ID|DVIDS Video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DeVuego game ID|DeVuego game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/4N9 Number of riots per country] ([https://twitter.com/mrlogix/status/1131050728594632706 source]) ** [https://w.wiki/4NB Country having the most female politicians] ([https://twitter.com/abiatus/status/1130963180199579649 source]) * WikiProject Highlights: Niryhpr's efforts in organising the page [[d:User:Niryhpr/WikiProject_Ports|User:Niryhpr/WikiProject_Ports]] (part of [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Indonesia/Kegiatan/Datathon|WikiProject Indonesia/Geodatathon]]) ** * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:User:Mr. Ibrahem/Language statistics for items|Language statistics for Items]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q309333|Mansa Musa]] - 14th-century ruler of the Mali Empire * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L689064|ਮਰਨ (L689064)]] - Punjabi verb (mərəɳ) meaning "to die (cease living)", "to wither or spoil", or "to give up (lose hope/energy)" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We added an indicator showing which Properties are not yet supported when creating new statements in mobile editing ([[phab:T412719|T412719]]) ** We continued working on showing constraint violations on mobile ([[phab:T411602|T411602]], [[phab:T411608|T411608]]) ** We are working on musical notation statements on mobile ([[phab:T407247|T407247]]) ** We are improving error handling for incorrectly filled and unfilled fields in mobile editing ([[phab:T408928|T408928]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:37, 22 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29806064 --> == Tech News: 2025-52 == <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:42, 22 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:20, 29 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #712 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2025-12-29. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#711]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Ppolar bear|Ppolar bear]] - RfP scheduled to end after 3 January 2026 13:40 (UTC) **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/QubeCubeBot|QubeCubeBot]] - Task/s: Continue import of [[Q272930|Swedish Parliament]] documents inline with the modeling work in [[Wikidata:WikiProject Sweden/Swedish Riksdag documents]]. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AinaliBot 3|AinaliBot 3]] - Task/s: Continue import of [[Q272930|Swedish Parliament]] documents inline with the modeling work in [[Wikidata:WikiProject Sweden/Swedish Riksdag documents]]. ''' Events ''' * This month's [[d:Wikidata:Scholia/Events/2025 12|Scholia hackathon]] has moved Scholia closer to its planned switch to a QLever backend. Beta testers can assist by exploring the [https://qlever.scholia.wiki/ interim QLever-backed Scholia instance] and [https://github.com/WDscholia/scholia/issues reporting any issues]. * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://www.swat4ls.org/workshops/amsterdam-2026/call-for-papers/ SWAT4HCLS 2026]. Amsterdam, March 23-26, with a "Wikidata in healthcare and life sciences" session and [https://www.swat4ls.org/workshops/amsterdam-2026/programme/keynotes/ Prof. Hannah Bast] as one of the keynotes ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Videos: ** (Indonesian) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl27YhKEjV0 Introduction to Wikifunctions] presented by [[:m:User:NikolasKHF|NikolasKHF]] (Niko). In this session, Niko introduced Wikifunctions project, how to edit a function, how to add an implementation and test, and demonstrated them. This is the first Wikifunctions training in Indonesian. Slides are available on [[:c:File:(Datatek) WikiLatih Wikifungsi 2025.pdf|Commons]]. ** (Indonesian) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emWKbM_-V08 Wikidata for Academician] presented by Wikimedia Indonesia's Data and Technology team. They introduced Wikimedia Indonesia, and then explained Wikidata, its underlying concepts and a glance to its history, how to add statements and references, how to query with Wikidata Query Services, Wikidata and its potential in research fields, Wikiprojects and Wikidata:For development resources. Slides are available on [[:c:File:(Datatek) WikiLatih Wikidata untuk Wikimedian dan Akademisi 2025.pdf|Commons]]. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://github.com/altilunium/wd-nearbyitems WD-NearbyItems] : browse Wikidata Items nearby * [https://quizicledaily.com Quizicle] is a daily quiz/puzzle game that's not really a quiz and not really a puzzle. Deduce the answer from crossword-style clues with hot/cold feedback. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14025|random page URL]] (<nowiki>link to random page or item on website</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14026|specimen classifier]] (<nowiki>person who assigned the identification to a specimen</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14027|collection date]] (<nowiki>date-time or interval during which a specimen or object was collected in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14028|land degradation]] (<nowiki>amount of land that is degraded by an object, mainly for infrastructure projects</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14029|Hong Kong fire alarm level]] (<nowiki>Hong Kong fire alarm levels classification system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14035|page offset]] (<nowiki>difference between external page number printed on the work (P304) and the actual page in digital file (P7668)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14039|logical implication]] (<nowiki>axiom or conjecture that this axiom or conjecture implies</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14019|‎survivalhorrors.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P14020|‎VGChartz ID]], [[:d:Property:P14021|‎Adventure Game Hotspot game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14022|‎BoomerShooterDB game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14023|‎Vandal game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14024|GoFundMe fundraising ID]], [[:d:Property:P14030|Adult Film Database director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14031|S1 No.1 Style actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14032|‎MetroidvaniaDB game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14033|EAGER game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14034|EAGER developer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14036|‎Games.cz game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14037|‎4gamer.net game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14038|‎GOG tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P14040|‎Yaba Sanshiro ID]], [[:d:Property:P14041|‎Games for Change directory ID]], [[:d:Property:P14042|DLSite work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14043|‎DLSite person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14044|‎DLSite doujin circle ID]], [[:d:Property:P14045|‎Fight-A-Base game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14046|‎DeVuego game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Erdős Problem number|Erdős Problem number]] (<nowiki>Erdős Problem number</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PixelatedArcade genre ID|PixelatedArcade genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BRAHMS identifier|BRAHMS identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LegiStorm person ID|LegiStorm person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Game Boy Database game ID|Game Boy Database game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NHK Archives Program ID|NHK Archives Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wendingen object ID|Wendingen object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wendingen person ID|Wendingen person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RetroCollect games ID|RetroCollect games ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FIP.IT basketball player ID|FIP.IT basketball player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lenta.ru person ID|Lenta.ru person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version).|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version).]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Télérama film ID.|Télérama film ID.]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bercail ID|Bercail ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Panoramax picture ID|Panoramax picture ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/InterSportStats athlete ID|InterSportStats athlete ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Before I Play game ID|Before I Play game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3568|turn (L3568)]] - English verb (tɜːrn) meaning "to rotate", "to change direction", or "to transform" ''' Development ''' * No development happened in the past week as the team are on holidays. Happy new year everyone! [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Czech Republic|Czech Republic]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:12, 29 December 2025 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29858034 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:00, 5 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29871911 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #713 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-01-05. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#712]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Morneo06|Morne06]] - RfP scheduled to end after 8 January 2026 20:35 (UTC) * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Ppolar_bear|Ppolar bear]] - general consensus is to reapply after gaining more experience. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Notability policy reform|Notability policy reform]]: first drafted in 2013, Wikidata has grown vastly since the original Notability policy was created. This first-round discussion is intended to collect ideas, comments, and reflections on how to improve the Notability Policy for what Wikidata currently is and will become. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #84 January 12 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ** [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]]: a two-day event that will take place from 13 to 14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdYOnOg1iq-8M4xWw8foHUw_7fReWTKtVH_GHzGI2_ozWww9Q/viewform?pli=1 Apply] for a grant and join the event. ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1768410000 18:00 CEST], 14th January 2026 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://doi.org/10.59350/6t2qh-2f839 Rescuing Scholia #2: getting closer] ** [https://almedaresearch.org/about-almeda/ African Literary Metadata (ALMEDA)] ** [https://www.emergentmind.com/topics/wikontic-framework Wikontic: Ontology-Aware KG Pipeline] - this article introduces Wikontic, a pipeline that builds knowledge graphs from text by enforcing Wikidata's ontological rules and merging duplicate entities. * Papers: ** [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/399200580_Using_Wikidata's_Ontology_in_Practice_A_Neuro-Symbolic_Community-Centred_Workflow_for_Integrating_and_Reusing_Humanities_Datasets Using Wikidata’s Ontology in Practice: A Neuro-Symbolic, Community-Centred Workflow for Integrating and Reusing Humanities Datasets] - This article introduces an ontology-first, community-driven workflow that aligns humanities datasets with Wikidata to address data silos and gender inequities, offering reusable modelling patterns, SPARQL-based analysis, and a neuro-symbolic AI framework that reduces bias and supports reproducible, ontology-backed knowledge graph practices. By Velilla & Ferran-Ferrer (2025). ** [https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=148575 A Semantic Wiki for Language Learning: The Case of the Baoulé Language] - The BAOULE-WIKI project introduces a semantic wiki and homograph-detection model to preserve and teach the endangered Baoulé language, achieving high accuracy while paving the way for broader digital preservation of African languages through community collaboration and integration with knowledge bases like Wikidata and DBpedia. By Kra et al., (2026). ** [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/738255 Transforming the Digital Landscape: Towards a Medieval Knowledge Graph] - Digitization has transformed medieval studies by expanding access and enabling new research methods, with future progress hinging on Linked Open Data, shareable identifiers, and collaborative knowledge graphs to truly democratize and enrich scholarship. By Burrows, (2026). ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.426 Towards a Linked Open Index: Reconciling Museum Records to Wikidata for Index of American Design Constituents] - The Index of American Design project’s reconciliation of thousands of records with Wikidata reveals both challenges and strategies for improving data alignment, while a linked Power BI tool supports ongoing monitoring of quality, access, and representation in humanities research. By Foster et al., (2026). ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.441 The “Dizionario Degli Scrittori Italiani Contemporanei Pseudonimi” in Wikidata. Pseudonymous Authors in Wikidata: Dataset and Queries] - The dataset from the MA thesis structures biographical data on 19th–20th century pseudonymous Italian authors in Wikidata, including corpus items, SPARQL queries, and analysis documents, and is reusable for further research or case studies. By De Monaco, (2025). ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://broomstick.toolforge.org/ Broomstick] is a tool by Wikicollabs it uncover Lexemes that can be improved on Wikidata. * Explore your Wikimedia activity year in review with [https://affandymurad.github.io/wiki/ Wiki Year in Review] * Wikilokal (Android version): explore the world within a 3 km radius by [[User:Affandy Murad|Affandy Murad]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * New project: [https://iupac.org/project/2025-016-3-400/ Dissemination of polymer science through Wikipedia and Wikidata] ({{Q|33438}}) * ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14047|crowdfunding target]] (<nowiki>target goal of this crowdfunding campaign</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14052|free height]] (<nowiki>vertical distance from the floor level to the lowest obstruction in the ceiling of an indoor or outdoor space</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14048|‎PixelatedArcade genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P14049|‎Game Boy Database game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14050|‎RetroCollect games ID]], [[:d:Property:P14051|MyWaifuList work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14053|Nonbinary Wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P14054|Diccionari de la llengua catalana entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P14055|DVIDS video ID]], [[:d:Property:P14056|FIP.IT basketball player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14057|Card Player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14058|Télérama film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14059|Boosty author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14060|‎Before I Play game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fungal Names taxon ID|Fungal Names taxon ID]] (<nowiki>ID number in the [[:w:Fungal Names]] database.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Braille transcription|Braille transcription]] (<nowiki>transcription in Braille</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Braille represents|Braille represents]] (<nowiki>graphene or phone that the Braille cell represents</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CNVD-ID|CNVD-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Trismegistos editor ID|Trismegistos editor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/woordenlijst lemma ID|woordenlijst lemma ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/European Vehicle Number|European Vehicle Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CourtListener person ID|CourtListener person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Norwegian railway station code|Norwegian railway station code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Australian National Kennel Council ID|Australian National Kennel Council ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museo del Marchio Italiano ID|Museo del Marchio Italiano ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E498|(E498) district electoral division]]: Schema to describe an electoral division (small political division of Ireland). * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_IrishForges|Project IrishForges]]: Describing forges and forge buildings of Ireland using Wikidata, Wikimedia and other sources. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ireland|Project Ireland]]: A hub for all Ireland-related Wikidata activities including cross-Wikiproject tasks. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_HistoricIrishPlacenames|Project Historic Irish Placenames]]: focusing on County Kilkenny, connect historic placenames with their modern counterparts or create new items for ''"lost places"''. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Sweden/Svenska_psalmodikon|Svenska psalmodikon]]: A sub-project for the [[d:Q3354977|psalmodikon <small>(Q3354977)</small>]], a stringed-instrument popular in Sweden. * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Limits_of_Wikidata/WikiProjects_as_decentralized_governance|WikiPojects as decentralized governance]] - this sub-page of the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Limits_of_Wikidata|Limits of Wikidata project]] proposes WikiProjects become caretakers of collections or subgraphs of relevant items. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q717|Venezuela (Q717)]] - country in South America * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L155644|размах (L155644)]] - Russian noun (rɐzˈmax) meaning "amplitude (of a swing)", "physical span or width", or "scale/scope (of an activity)" ''' Development ''' * No development happened in the past week as the team are just returning from the holidays. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:21, 5 January 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29884794 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso. Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:45, 12 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29894468 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XII, December 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Global GLAM Calls Continue in 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence, 2025, in Elbasan Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Resume of the year * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: AMaGA partnership, signing the Open Heritage Statement and South Australian Museum Partner Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day 2026, Circus Heritage and Fosdem * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Preparándonos para celebrar el día del dominio público - Getting ready for the Public Domain Day celebration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Exploring Italy and Unlocking Its Heritage: Touring Club Italiano and GLAM Call 2026–2028 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference follow-up Wiki webinar & Auckland Museum student update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Public Domain, Conferences, and Conversations on Open Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM on Tour Bellinzona, Xmas Event, GLAM Wiki Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:58, 12 January 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29895284 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #714 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-01-12. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#713]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AmeisenBot 3|AmeisenBot 3]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding descriptions (and possibly labels and aliases as well) to items based on their statements. * New CheckUser requests: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/CheckUser/Saroj|Saroj]] (RfP scheduled to end at 25 January 2026 09:31 UTC) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1768410000 18:00 CEST], 14th January 2026 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[MW:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] is launching a new office hours series starting [[:Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_January_2026|'''January 27th''']], 2026 and continuing on the first Tuesday of each month. The scope of this series is be limited to [[:Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update|Blazegraph migration]] support for the entirety of 2026. Participants are encouraged to register in advance for each session and may optionally add a brief description of their migration-related questions to [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours the shared Etherpad] to help guide preparation. ''See [[:Wikidata:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours|Blazegraph Migration office hour page]] for more details'' ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/05/wikidata-at-13-fante-wikimedians-joins-the-celebration/ Wikidata at 13: Fante Wikimedians Joins the Celebration] * Papers: [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003584155-3/structuring-sights-stories-pausanias-wikidata-john-brady-kiesling-anna-foka-kyriaki-konstantinidou-linda-talatas-elton-barker Structuring the Sights and Stories of Pausanias with Wikidata] - The Digital Periegesis project leverages Wikidata and linked open data tools to annotate, disambiguate, and connect Pausanias’s complex 2nd‑century text, enhancing accessibility, interoperability, and scholarly engagement with Greece’s historical and mythological landscape. By Kiesling et al., (2025) * Videos: (Papiamento) [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PukvB8Viw_0 Wikipedia on Aruba | Episode 8: How to add a new topic (item) to Wikidata] ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://knowledgetrain.toolforge.org/ Knowledge Train] A game to create a train of knowledge with the power of Wikidata - User:Athulvis ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/MAKNPEWKTYJAJTIIDM6MWU3YMA5KHSXB/ Mobile statement editing is now available as a beta feature on Wikidata]. Enable the Beta feature in your preferences settings, head to [[d:Q4115189|Wikidata Sandbox (Q4115189)]] (in mobile view) to test it and share your feedback here: [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]]. * The [[MW:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. To have new issues of the WDP '''monthly''' newsletter delivered to your user talk page, {{#tag:span| [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|Subscribe to WDP newsletter!]] | style=background-color:#E7F527; border-radius:3px; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold;}} ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14067|common organism]] (<nowiki>organisms known by this common name</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14059|Boosty author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14060|‎Before I Play game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14061|‎Korea Heritage Service Heritage Portal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14062|‎KaraokeTexty.cz artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14063|‎KaraokeTexty.cz song ID]], [[:d:Property:P14064|‎Showlabs ID]], [[:d:Property:P14065|DEUMM Online ID]], [[:d:Property:P14066|Slekt og Data cemetery ID]], [[:d:Property:P14068|Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14069|EZB library ID]], [[:d:Property:P14070|topic of Dictionary of Canadian biography identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14071|Cover Art Archive image]], [[:d:Property:P14072|‎X broadcast ID]], [[:d:Property:P14073|Theaterencyclopedie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14074|Maitron biography ID (new version)]], [[:d:Property:P14075|‎Scilit organization ID]], [[:d:Property:P14076|Fragrantica perfume ID]], [[:d:Property:P14077|Fragrantica perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14078|izoh.uz word ID]], [[:d:Property:P14079|‎Place Names and Places of Nova Scotia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14080|Fragrantica perfume notes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14081|Fragrantica perfumer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14082|Parfumo perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14083|Parfumo perfumer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14084|Parfumo perfume ID]], [[:d:Property:P14085|Parfumo fragrance notes ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artistagraph ID|Artistagraph ID]] (<nowiki>Identifies the Artistagraph for an artistIdentifier for creative works on Artistagraph, a platform for documenting and discovering artist information and creative work connections</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of tunnel tubes|number of tunnel tubes]] (<nowiki>Number of parallel tubes in a tunnel.</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review:: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mapillary sequence ID|Mapillary sequence ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/People's Graphic Design Archive creator ID|People's Graphic Design Archive creator ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Uni24k indentifier|Uni24k indentifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels BeStAddress municipality ID|Brussels BeStAddress municipality ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels BeStAddress street name ID|Brussels BeStAddress street name ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels BeStAddress address ID|Brussels BeStAddress address ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikifunctions object|Wikifunctions object]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MAX username|MAX username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei ID|Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Retro Web company ID|The Retro Web company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schulnummer Berlin|Schulnummer Berlin]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KCI article ID|KCI article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/HKna Timeline of coup d'états] **[https://w.wiki/HMYd All towns named Versailles] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q487338|mojito]] - traditional Cuban highball cocktail ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We have released the first version of mobile statement editing as a beta feature (see details above). In addition we are improving it further and are adding missing functionality to get it ready for a full release. This includes adding editing support for additional data types such as date and musical notation. * Blazegraph replacement: The Wikidata platform team is continuing their evaluation of alternative backends for the Wikidata Query Service. * Graph QL: We are continuing to work on the prototype to get it ready for wider testing and are waiting on a security review. * Dumps: We fixed an issue where the "latest" symlinks to data dumps weren't working correctly. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are investigating how to further reduce the number of unnecessary changes showing up in watchlist and recent changes coming from Wikidata. The work on this is also helping reduce the size of the recent changes database table, which is especially important on larger Wikipedias. In addition we are continuing to improve the Databox module to make it easier for smaller Wikipedias to get Wikidata-powered infoboxes. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:59, 12 January 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29895747 --> == Tech News: 2026-03 == <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:30, 12 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == ''The Signpost'': 15 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/News and notes|Wikipedia's 25th anniversary is here!]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Special report|Wikipedia at 25: A Wake-Up Call]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Serendipity|The WMF wants to buy you books!]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/WikiProject report|Time for a health check: the Vital Signs 2026 campaign]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/In the media|Fake Acting President Trump and a Wikipedia infobox]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Community view|The inbox behind Wikipedia]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Recent research|Art museums on Wikidata; comparing three comparisons of Grokipedia and Wikipedia]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Traffic report|Tonight I'm gonna rock you]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Comix|Oh come on man.]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 15:18, 15 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29899914 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze. Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:14, 19 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #715 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-01-19. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#714]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Deprecate_P642|Deprecate P642?]] - Consensus to deprecate was reached. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://www.wikimedia.nz/wikifying-te-tiriti-based-futures/ Wikifying Te Tiriti] 10-workshop series, attendees will learn how to contribute to Wikipedia and create Wikidata items, to increase the visibility of people and their projects working in Te Tiriti and anti-racism areas. Further information can be found on the [[w:WikiProject:_Wikifying_Te_Tiriti-based_Futures|WikiProject page]] / [[w:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Pakoire/WikiProject:_Wikifying_Te_Tiriti-based_Futures#Timetable|Workshop timetable]]. [https://learn-to-wikify-ttbf.lilregie.com/booking/attendees/new Register to attend]. ** [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Uganda|Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Uganda]] - contribute to the project by expanding or creating Wikidata Items connected to the project categories, such as Ugandan folklore, food, music, dances, traditional clothing, and more. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2026/01/new-wikimedian-in-residence-at-lse/ The London School of Economics and Political Science have employed a Wikimedian in Residence] ** Wikimedia Indonesia held [[:m:Wikimedia Indonesia/Pekan Data dan Teknologi 2025|Data and Technology Week 2025]] in last December 2025, organized introductory workshops on Wikidata and Wikifunctions. Read key takeaways and participants' discussion at [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/16/introducing-data-and-functions-reflections-from-indonesian-data-and-technology-week-2025/ Diff]. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/14/wikidata-days-2025-journey-in-africa-building-knowledge-languages-and-communities/ Wikidata Days 2025 Journey in Africa: Building Knowledge, Languages and Communities] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/18/wikidata-botswana-2025-celebrating-13-years-and-we-really-showed-up-%F0%9F%8E%89/ Wikidata Botswana 2025: Celebrating 13 Years (And We Really Showed Up!)] * Papers: ** A new monographic number of [[:d:Q3805294|JLIS.it]] has been published regarding the [[:d:Q105086090|OPAC SBN]] (the biggest collective library catalogue in Italy, with more than 7 thousands of libraries participating; about its collaboration with Wikidata, see [[:d:Wikidata:Gruppo Wikidata per Musei, Archivi e Biblioteche/SBN|the Wikidata coordination page]]); it contains 3 papers focusing on the use of Wikidata for authority control (all in Italian, with abstract in English): *** [[:d:Q137786824|''Wikidata and SBN: An Assessment of Two Years of Work (2023–2025)'']]: an overview Wikidata-SBN of the collaboration in 2023-2025, focusing on the methods of reconciliation *** [[:d:Q137787153|''Wikidata-Enhanced Authority Records: A Project for Personal Names in SBN'']]: a description of the procedure to extract data from Wikidata items matches with SBN authority records and adapt these data to be copied into non-individualised SBN authority records *** [[:d:Q137787159|''NaMo, utility for populating missing date fields in authority records'']]: a description of an utility to keep an authority file up-to-date finding missing death dates through Wikidata ** [https://jlis.fupress.net/index.php/jlis/article/view/677 Wikidata-Enhanced Authority Records: A Project for Personal Names in SBN] - A collaboration between Wikimedia Italy and ICCU is enriching incomplete SBN authority records using Wikidata identifiers, enhancing catalogue accuracy and accessibility as entries continue to grow. By Ravelli, (2026). ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://puzzles.madebynathan.com/chains Puzzles By Nathan] is a game that arrange words so each connects to the next ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editing for RTL languages: The Wikimedia Deutschland team is seeking users of right-to-left (RTL) scripts, including Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, and Urdu, to help test and improve the mobile statement editing experience. If you edit in an RTL language and would like to join user interviews or deeper testing, [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/direct sign up here]. * (French) [https://observablehq.com/@workspace2138/odonymes-femmes Gendered place names in the public space of French-speaking Switzerland] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14086|Parfinity notes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14087|‎Google Ads Transparency Center advertiser ID]], [[:d:Property:P14088|Basenotes perfume brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14089|Basenotes perfume people ID]], [[:d:Property:P14090|Basenotes perfume ID]], [[:d:Property:P14091|Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei ID]], [[:d:Property:P14092|MAX username]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/location collected|location collected]] (<nowiki>geographic location where a specimen or sample was collected in the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Category for music in this language|Category for music in this language]] (<nowiki>link to category item that contains music in this language</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Thyssen-Bornemisza work ID|Thyssen-Bornemisza work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CriticDB IDs|CriticDB IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MPA certificate number|MPA certificate number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WorldFootball.net person ID (new)|WorldFootball.net person ID (new)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Session tune ID|The Session tune ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parfumo fragrance note ID|Parfumo fragrance note ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/HVed Timeline of elected germanic Roman emperors] ** [https://w.wiki/HXVa Universities without a P625 (coordinate location)] - [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#query_to_show_university_without_coordinate_location|Source]] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E24|film director (E24)]] * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Rijksmonumenten/Maintenance/Unmerge|Rijksmonumenten Unmerge list]] - list of items with more than one [[d:Property:P359|P359 (Rijksmonumenten ID)]]. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Stanford_Libraries|Stanford Libraries]] added an event: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Stanford_Libraries/Events/LDW2026|Love Data Week 2026]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Special:EntitiesWithoutLabel|Entities without a Label]] - this list is dynamically created, search by language code and entity type: Item or Property. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q253414|FIFA (Q253414)]] - international governing body of association football * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3922|charge (L3922)]] - English verb (tʃɑːrdʒ) meaning "to supply with energy", "to rush forward", or "to have responsibility for" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We continued work on supporting more datatypes for editing, specifically date, musical notation and monolingual text. ** We worked on displaying constraint violation indicators. ** You can try out the current state by enabling it in the beta features section of your preferences. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to investigate options for further reducing the amount of Wikidata changes in recent changes and watchlist on the other wikis to reduce the size of the database tables. * Dumps: We finished our research on dumps, especially looking into different ways to define subsets. We will publish the report with results by end of February. * Wikidata Query Service: The Wikidata Platform team is continuing the evaluation of potential replacements for Blazegraph. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:25, 19 January 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29942616 --> == Tech News: 2026-04 == <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:26, 19 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese. Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome. Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:05, 26 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #716 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-01-26. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#715]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: :* Reminder: Blazegraph Migration Office Hours: The [[mw:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] is kicking off its monthly Blazegraph migeration office hours tomorrow, {{zonestamp|2026-01-27 16:00|27th January, 16:00 UTC}}. These sessions focus exclusively on supporting the migration away from Blazegraph as the backend of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS). ''[[Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_January_2026|See the office hours page for details and future sessions.]]'' :* Art+Feminism online hands-on training session: Intro to Wikidata + Archives. January 29, 15:00 UTC (16:00 CET). [[d:User:Alan_Ang_(WMDE)|Alan Ang (WMDE)]] and [[d:User:Epìdosis]] host this workshop on collective editing and how Wikidata connects with archives. More info and Zoom registration @ [https://artandfeminism.org/edit_a_thon/intro-to-wikidata-archives Art+Feminism.org] :* OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #85 February 9 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. :* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czndc9Ekzb8 Mapping Africa: Visualizing Knowledge and Communities] - 28.01.2026, 16:00 UTC. Episode #54 of the WikiAfrica Hour explores the power of maps and geospatial data. * General Registration is Open! [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/OG6M6XHHTMO7G4VVB27C4ZUJDX4VLDLE/ 2026 Wikimedia Hackathon] - May 1-3, 2026 ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://forum.clarin.eu/t/wikidata-replaces-the-clarin-concept-registry-in-the-component-registry/1205 Wikidata replaces the CLARIN Concept Registry in the Component Registry] * Papers: ** [https://odr.chalmers.se/items/4b2db132-b688-4bb1-a84c-4e614b9f1916 Analysis and Generation of Wikidata Descriptions Focusing on Bangla Language] - A rule-based Grammatical Framework resource grammar for Bangla generates accurate, consistent Wikidata descriptions across diverse entities, achieving over 99% coverage and enhancing low-resource language content in multilingual knowledge bases. By Mohammad, (2025). * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eT_VTTeaig4&pp=0gcJCTMBo7VqN5tD Fact-Checking with Wikidata by Philippe Saadé] - a recording of the workshop hosted by DataTalks.Club in collaboration with [[d:User:Philippe_Saade_(WMDE)|User:Philippe Saadé]] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wXaHJ85g88A Wikimedia and Biodiversity Data: A Mutualistic Relationship in the Open Knowledge Ecosystem] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHxq0YJU-OM Collaborative Cultural Heritage Geodata], session 2 of SunoikisisDC's ''Digital Approaches to Cultural Heritage''. Discusses how Wikidata is used and contributes data to the field of spatial and geographic technologies. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGK0qQ3hRkA Wikimedia projects & smell-related content: WMUK Sandbox Session] - [[d:User:Lajmmoore|User:Lajmmoore]] describes how to add and model sensory experiences such as smell, to Wikidata. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://property-helper.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Property Creation Helper] is a tool by [[User:ArthurPSmith|ArthurPSmith]]. The tool takes a property proposal page and translates it into a QuickStatements batch (and then a second one for the examples) that a property creator can use to quickly create a new property. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland 2026 first quarter development plan has been published: [[d:Wikidata:Linked Open Data development plan|Wikidata:Linked Open Data development plan]]. * '''Job opening:''' The Wikimedia Foundation is hiring a Wikidata Platform Backend Migration Specialist (contract position) to support backend migration work on the Wikidata Query Service. This role focuses on technical work related to the migration away from Blazegraph. If you're interested in the role or want to learn more, see the [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/7545685 full job description and application details]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14094|translates from]] (<nowiki>language(s) that this person, company or organization translates works texts from</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14095|translates into]] (<nowiki>language(s) that this person, company or organization translates works and texts into</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14092|MAX username]], [[:d:Property:P14093|CriticDB game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14096|‎Finnish railway station code]], [[:d:Property:P14097|Sketchfab model ID]], [[:d:Property:P14098|Sketchfab channel ID]], [[:d:Property:P14099|Sketchfab user ID]], [[:d:Property:P14100|BRAHMS identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14101|LegiStorm person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14102|NHK Archives program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14103|Polski Petersburg encyclopedia ID (Polish version)]], [[:d:Property:P14104|Bercail ID]], [[:d:Property:P14105|‎InterSportStats athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P14106|‎Erdős Problem number]], [[:d:Property:P14107|Trismegistos editor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14108|‎woordenlijst lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P14109|‎European Vehicle Number]], [[:d:Property:P14110|CourtListener person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14111|Australian National Kennel Council ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/incompatible type|incompatible type]] (<nowiki>instances of this type or of its subclasses cannot be instances of that type nor of its subclasses</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KaraokeTexty.cz album ID|KaraokeTexty.cz album ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical encyclopedia of Maros County-ID|Biographical encyclopedia of Maros County-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ShotOnWhat film ID|ShotOnWhat film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 ID|Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CardCow.com publisher ID|CardCow.com publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stockholms SL Realtidsinformation identificator|Stockholms SL Realtidsinformation identificator]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lost Pubs Project ID|Lost Pubs Project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Handball Base ID|Handball Base ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Handballnews.pl person ID|Handballnews.pl person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SFDb förlaga-ID|SFDb förlaga-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RITVA company ID|RITVA company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RITVA corporate body ID|RITVA corporate body ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TC Infos network identifier|TC Infos network identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/French Trade Mark Number|French Trade Mark Number]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/Hbge Wikidata Items with a frequency (hertz) within human-hearing range] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#List_only_items_that_have_a_frequency_in_hertz_and_in_our_hearing_range|source]]) * Schema examples: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Schemas/Tutorial|WikiProject Schemas: A tutorial]] - to create a simple ShEx schema and apply it to a set of Wikidata items. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_No_Longer_at_the_Margins/Hackathon_2026|No Longer at the Margins - 2026 Hackathon]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Bahamas/buildings_in_Nassau|WikiProject Bahamas - list of buildings in Nassau]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Special:EntitiesWithoutDescription|Entities missing a description]] - choose a language and entity type (Item or Property) and generate a list of entities that have no description. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q7296|Mount Kilimanjaro]] - mountain massif in Kilimanjaro National Park in Tanzania * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L130056|мундштук (L130056)]] - Russian noun (mʊnʂˈtuk) meaning "mouthpiece (of a musical instrument)", "mouthpiece (of a pipe/cigar holder)", or "a horse's bit" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We started working on supporting editing of monolingual text statements ** We continued working on supporting editing of geocoordinate and quantity statements ** We are fixing display issues with date statements ** We continued work on showing constraint violations * GraphQL: ** The security review was finished, removing a blocker to deploying GraphQL support to Wikidata ** We added pagination to querying items by statement properties or values ** We are extending the labels of linked entities functionality to also let you get the descriptions of the Items linked in a statement * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to investigate options for further reducing the amount of Wikidata changes in recent changes and watchlist on the other wikis to reduce the size of the database tables. * Wikidata Query Service: The Wikidata Platform team is continuing the evaluation of potential replacements for Blazegraph. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus countries: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Albania|Albania]] and [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Kosovo|Kosovo]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:28, 26 January 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29942616 --> == Tech News: 2026-05 == <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:14, 26 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == This Month in Education: January 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto "25x25" llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 18:26, 28 January 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29951116 --> == ''The Signpost'': 29 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Traffic report|The most viewed articles of 2025]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News and notes|Good news... but also bad news for the Public Domain]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News from Diff|Solving puzzles together]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/In the media|Every view on the 25th anniversary of everything]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Comix|Perspectives]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 06:31, 29 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29988053 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:32, 2 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #717 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-02-02. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#716]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Sapper-bot_2|Sapper-bot 2]] - Task: Monthly updates of the [[d:Q23883|Dead Sea]] level and the "lowest point" property for [[d:Q801|Israel]], [[d:Q810|Jordan]], and [[d:Q48|Asia]]. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/LiteraryWorksMetaDataUploadBot|LiteraryWorksMetaDataUploadBot]] - Task: Upload metadata for literary works from research project. (Approved) * Other: [[d:Wikidata:Administrators'_noticeboard#Proposal_to_configure_the_Newcomer_Dashboard_for_Wikidata|Proposal to configure the Newcomer Dashboard for Wikidata]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/27/call-for-sessions-wikimania-2026-is-coming-to-paris/ Call for Sessions: Wikimania 2026 is Coming to Paris]! The submission form will remain open until March 1. Results will be published in May. ** Who's hiding behind museum collections? - A Wikidata Edit-a-thon by [https://winoda.de/en/english/ WiNoDa Knowledge Lab] (February 24th, 1:00pm-4:30pm CET). This online Edit-a-thon will focus on the many collectors that contributed to the [[q:Q136406087|Arachnida and Miryapoda collection of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin]]. Join us to uncover the unspoken human networks that shaped the history of science! Register here: http://winoda.de/en/event/wikidata-edit-a-thon/ ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/01/celebrating-latin-american-public-domain-in-2026/ Strengthening the Latin American public domain with Wikidata] * Thesis: Hebeis, Maximilian (2026): [https://doi.org/10.20378/irb-112660 ''Entity Matching for Person Records in Authority Files''], Bamberg: Otto-Friedrich-Universität (Master thesis in computer science: "a case study into applying learningbased entity matching to person records from two large authority databases, namely the [[:d:Q36578|German national Integrated Authority File (GND)]] and the crowd-sourced open knowledge base Wikidata") * Papers: Special Collection of the Journal of Open Humanities Data (JOHD): ''Wikidata across the humanities: datasets, methodologies, reuse'', https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/collections/wikidata_across_the_humanities (new papers have been published during the last week; see a list at [[:d:Q136325279#P527]]) * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUtvW94US_M Africa Wiki Women 1st Newbies Community Meetup] - held an orientation for new members on editing Wikidata, Wikipedia, and Commons, to help bridge knowledge gaps of African women on Wiki platforms. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czndc9Ekzb8 Mapping Africa: Visualizing Knowledge and Communities] - explores how African communities use maps and geospatial data to enhance Wikidata, improve Wikimedia articles, and make local knowledge more visible globally. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://github.com/altilunium/wdlist Wdlist : Create and manage a personal list of Wikidata items.] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland Job vacancy - [https://wikimedia-deutschland.career.softgarden.de/jobs/62397164/Architect-of-Storage-Solutions-all-genders---6-weeks-Freelance-contract/ Architect of Storage Solutions] - (freelance contract / 4-6 weeks) * You can now nominate your favorite Wikidata research award for 2025. [https://research.wikimedia.org/awards.html Call for Nominations] now open until February 15, 2026. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14112|U.S. Copyright Office Public Records System name ID]], [[:d:Property:P14113|Lenta.ru person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/value type of this mathematical property|value type of this mathematical property]] (<nowiki>type of the value of this mathematical property when applied to this object or this type of objects</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gifu Prefectural Shrine Association ranking|Gifu Prefectural Shrine Association ranking]] (<nowiki>One of the three rankings given by the Gifu Prefectural Shrine Association</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/instances must not have|instances must not have]] (<nowiki>instances of this class or of its subclasses must not have given property or statement</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/African Scientists Directory ID|African Scientists Directory ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a scientist in the African Scientists Directory</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Center for Jewish History person ID|Center for Jewish History person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LINCS ID|LINCS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artdoc.Media film ID|Artdoc.Media film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 practice ID|Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 practice ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Walloon-French dictionary ID|Walloon-French dictionary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Russian Register of Film Distribution Certificates ID|Russian Register of Film Distribution Certificates ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID|Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant inventaire Nouvelle-Aquitaine|Identifiant inventaire Nouvelle-Aquitaine]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek ID|Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Woordenboek van Nieuwe Woorden ID|Woordenboek van Nieuwe Woorden ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal ID|Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Woordcombinaties ID|Woordcombinaties ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands ID|Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Database of the Southern Dutch Dialects concept ID|Database of the Southern Dutch Dialects concept ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GiveSendGo ID|GiveSendGo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CrowdRepublic project ID|CrowdRepublic project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/European Dictionary Portal ID|European Dictionary Portal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gravestone Project Cemetery ID|Gravestone Project Cemetery ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Uzbek-Russian dictionary ID|Uzbek-Russian dictionary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ruwiki ID|Ruwiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swedish National Archives ID|Swedish National Archives ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GDUNO ID|GDUNO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JMRC person id|JMRC person id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Catalunya Romànica ID|Catalunya Romànica ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mercantile Navy List ID|Mercantile Navy List ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Igromania author ID|Igromania author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Danmarks Kirker|Danmarks Kirker]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Medvik ID|Medvik ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Obálky knih ID|Obálky knih ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Theatre in Prague artist ID|National Theatre in Prague artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Theatre in Prague performance ID|National Theatre in Prague performance ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Alpine Linux Wiki article|Alpine Linux Wiki article]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Microsoft Store developer ID|Microsoft Store developer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/Hg$g Item with a Wikipedia page in lang. X but not Y] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Wikidata_instance_with_page_on_language_wikis|source]]) - modify the wd: QID and the schema:isPartOf for your own purposes. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Chess/Lists/Rubinstein-Memorial|WikiProject Chess - Rubinstein-Memorial list]] ** [[d:Wikidata:Wikiproject_Units_of_Measurement|WikiProject Units of Measurement]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Medicine/List_of_Italian_doctors|Wikiproject Medicine - List of Italian Doctors]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Evanion_Collection|WikiProject Evanion Collection]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_every_politician/Canada|WikiProject every Politician / Canada]] - all Commons lists were updated. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/to_delete|Variety of reports for deletion candidates]] ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are making progress with identifying additional ways in which we can reduce the number of irrelevant changes from Wikidata showing up in recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co. ** We are discussing with pilot Wikipedias about turning on showing Wikidata changes by default in watchlist and recent changes (moving it from opt-in to opt-out) * GraphQL: We are putting the last touches on a GraphQL endpoint for Wikidata. We are planning to get it live later this month for feedback. * LDF endpoint: We are planning to decommission the endpoint in preparation for the migration away from Blazegraph on the 18th of February ([[phab:T415696]]) * Mobile statement editing: ** We are almost done with adding support for editing statements with quantity and monolingual text datatype and finished support for mathematical expression statements. We started support for editing coordinate statements. ** We are continuing the work on showing constraint violations. * Wikibase Ecosystem: We are in the process of setting up a demo system for ontology federation (i.e. using Wikidata Items as values in statements on another Wikibase instance) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:42, 2 February 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=29942616 --> == Tech News: 2026-06 == <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:40, 2 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #718 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-02-09. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#717]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://numishare.blogspot.com/2026/01/improving-searchability-using-natural.html Numishare Blog: Improving searchability using Natural language Processing + Wikidata] - How NLP-based search improvements for [[d:Q631286|numismatic]] collections for the [[d:Q1256518|American Numismatic Society]]. Python NLP tools and Wikidata add a semantic layer that links equivalent terms (e.g. “serpent” and “snake”) to improve discovery across coin databases such as OCRE and MANTIS. Author: [[d:Q57432992|Ethan Gruber]]. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vRrasGCifE Art+Feminism Conversations / Intro to Wikidata + Archives]: Led by [[d:User:Ep%C3%ACdosis|User:Epìdosis]] and [[d:User:Alan_Ang_(WMDE)|User:Alan Ang (WMDE)]], this recording covers tools that support collaborative Wikidata editing, and includes with brief updates on mobile editing, Wikibase software, and work at the intersection of AI and Wikidata. Find more info and tools covered on [[m:Art%2BFeminism:_Intro_to_Wikidata_and_Archives|Meta:Art+Feminism]] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8S1Ay5UWvo Custom Upload Funnel Creation on Wikimedia Commons: Wiki Loves Africa 2026] - [[d:User:Kambai_Akau|User:Kambai Akau]] and the [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Africa_2026_in_the_Tyap_Community|Tyap User Group]] demonstrate how to contribute to the Wiki Loves Africa 2026 contest, incl. how to add a Wikidata Infobox to your contributions, and how to create Wikidata Items if they are missing. ** (Papiamento) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiZAvrop_yU Add a different language Label to a Wikidata Item] Wikipedia Above Aruba|Ep. 9 - it's not always obvious how to add labels, descriptions and aliases of different languages to Wikidata items, this short video demonstrates how. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9tbLc5czbU Hands-on Exercise: Data Cleaning & Preparation with OpenRefine] - Daniel Garjio guides through exercises to cluster and merge duplicate values, standardise formats, reconcile data with external authority sources such as Wikidata. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srLq6dXjGc4 Mapeo colaborativo, plataformas libres y autonomía local], part of the [[m:Conferencia_Justicia_climática_Perú_2024|Conference on Climate Justice, Indigenous Voices, and Wikimedia Platforms (2024)]] - speaker: Túllio Morais Franca shows how to integrate mapping tools suchas OpenStreetMap and Mapillary with Wikidata, Commons and Wikipedia. ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://clarity-tool.toolforge.org/ Wiki Clarity Tool]: Clarity Tool is a lightweight web application built to empower editors across Wikipedia, Wikidata, and Wikimedia Commons. It helps contributors identify missing information in articles and suggests structured data from Wikidata to fill those gaps. * [https://ga-kevin-codes.github.io/Suggest-A-Brand/ Name Suggestion Index : Submit a Brand] - A tool that links Wikidata brand items to the [https://github.com/osmlab/name-suggestion-index Name Suggestion Index project on OpenStreetMap]. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editors can now edit String and External ID datatypes directly in the mobile view. To help improve this new interface, Wikimedia Deutschland is looking for volunteers for UX testing sessions. Participants will be compensated for their time. Sign up [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/apply here] (greatquestion) and learn more on the project page: [[d:Wikidata:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14115|‎braille transcription]] (<nowiki>transcription in Braille</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14117|location collected]] (<nowiki>geographic location where a specimen or sample was collected in the field</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14114|Rappels theatrical production ID]], [[:d:Property:P14116|Berlin School ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Siège occupé|Siège occupé]] (<nowiki>{{TranslateThis | fr = siège occupé par une personne au sein d'une académie ou autre société à ''numerus clausus'' }}</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Standard Number|Standard Number]] (<nowiki>A standard serial number</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MusicaPopular.cl ID|MusicaPopular.cl ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JMRC person id (en)|JMRC person id (en)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography ID|Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CAMEO page ID|CAMEO page ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TeamNL athlete ID (new)|TeamNL athlete ID (new)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/World Flora Online Plant List|World Flora Online Plant List]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/radeberger-stadtgeschichte.de Objekt Identifikator|radeberger-stadtgeschichte.de Objekt Identifikator]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Master Ideographs Seeker Character ID|Master Ideographs Seeker Character ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Flohic ID|Flohic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Oricon News person ID|Oricon News person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/radiko person ID|radiko person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Xcity actress ID|Xcity actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TV Drama Database Program ID|TV Drama Database Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Van Dale Rijmwoordenboek sentences ID|Van Dale Rijmwoordenboek sentences ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Van Dale Rijmwoordenboek word ID|Van Dale Rijmwoordenboek word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BISMaL taxon ID|BISMaL taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vlaams Woordenboek ID|Vlaams Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kotobank Japanese ID|Kotobank Japanese ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nişanyan Adlar ID|Nişanyan Adlar ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/HkTZ Items with two or more Olympedia people ID] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Wikidata_entries_with_multiple_Olympedia_IDs|source]]) - find duplicate external identifier. ** [https://w.wiki/Hndn Music roll releases with recordings of works performed by composer] ([[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Piano_Rolls/Queries|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Progressive_Metal|WikiProject progressive Metal]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Basque_Cultural_Heritage_and_GLAM|Wikiproject Basque Cultural heritage and GLAM]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/single_sitelink_template_items|'Template' items with only one sitelink]] - per [[d:Wikidata:Notability|Wikidata:Notability]], "''If a link is a template, the item must contain at least two such sitelinks...''" * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|133866932}} - a 2025 thriller film, winner of the Palme d’Or at the 2025 Cannes Film Festival * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: ''' Development ''' * Dumps: We published the [[:File:Wikidata Dumps Discovery Research Report.pdf|report from our research into the user experience with Wikidata's dumps]]. * Mobile editing: We are finalizing the support for quantity, monolingual text, mathematical expression and musical notation statements as well as a first version for coordinate statements. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We have continued our investigation into existing Lua modules in order to find more ways in which we can reduce unwanted entries from Wikidata in Recent changes and watchlists on Wikipedia and co. We found a number of options that we are looking into now. ([[phab:T416822]], [[phab:T416825]], [[phab:T416826]], [[phab:T416827]]) * Wikidata Vector embedding: We added German to the embedding (next to English, French and Arabic) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30044779 --> == Tech News: 2026-07 == <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:27, 9 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue I, January 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Wikipedia at 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Pap-Wikipedia Turns 20: A Milestone for Papiamento/u Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Celebrando el día del dominio público 2026/Celebrating the public domain day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikipedia's Birthday in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Gifted by our friends: Loads of presents for Wikipedia25 by German and Austrian GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Activities in December-January * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Knowledge in action: Barindelli collection and Wikipedia 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Image donation Dutch Book History * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Student Edit-a-thon, the NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence project, and other residencies * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM Program of Wikimedia MKD – 2026 Overview * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Explore Historic Portraits from the Museum of Photography in Kraków * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: January in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum in Chiasso, Alpine Museum, Women Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Sharing more of the Enamels of the World * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Map the GLAM report|Map the GLAM report]]: Wiki and GLAM: Harnessing Knowledge to Foster Gender Equality * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts on Arabic Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Two key Wikidata Requests for Comments, relevant for future GLAM-Wiki work * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:34, 11 February 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30055818 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #719 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-02-16. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#718]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator#Sjö|Sjö]] - RfP scheduled to end after 17 February 2026 10:02 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/SEEKCommonsBot|SEEKCommonsBot]] - Task: Synchronize Wikidata records created by the [https://seekcommons.org/ SEEKCommons] project with [https://openalex.org/ OpenAlex] * Closed request for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/AmeisenBot_3|AmeisenBot 3]] - Task: Adding descriptions (and possibly labels and aliases as well) to items based on their statements. Request closed as approved. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Che-W-bot|Che-W-bot]] - Request withdrawn. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session 17 February, 2026: We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group Session on Tuesday, February 17 9am PT / 12pm ET / 17:00 UTC / 6pm CET (Time zone converter). Wikiproject P244 maintenance uses SPARQL queries to identify and resolve two types of constraint violations in Wikidata: instances of Wikidata items with more than one LCNAF identifier and instances of the same LCNAF identifier existing on more than one Wikidata item. The February 17th session will walk participants through how to resolve the former issue, while the March 3rd session will focus on the latter. Event page: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/LCNAF Duplicate Detection P244 Maintenance|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/LCNAF_Duplicate_Detection_P244_Maintenance]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists, why thematic engagement matters]: WMNZ/Aotearoa on how sustained outreach with botanists via Wikidata workshops, edit-a-thons, and conferences is improving plant-related knowledge on the Wikimedia projects and building strong collaborative relationships with scientific communities. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/09/tech-news-2026-week-07/ Tech News Week 7 / Global Watchlists extension]: now supports multiple Wikibase instance (i.e. Wikidata + Test Wikidata) and fixes right-to-left (RTL) text directionality issues. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/13/the-spark-of-linked-data-and-libraries-oclc-passage-project-white-paper-translation-report/ The Spark of Linked Data and Libraries: OCLC Passage Project White Paper Translation Report] * Papers: [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400579586_Federating_Open_Knowledge_through_Wikibase_The_Case_of_The_Finno-Ugric_Data_Sharing_Space Federating Open Knowledge through Wikibase: the case of the Finno-Ugric data sharing space]: Antal et al. (2026) present a community-driven, federated prototype to link multilingual cultural heritage data, open ontologies and preserve local epistemologies. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtoM-0IhKnY How to Unlock Knowledge Graph Data for LLMs with AI Retrieval] - [[d:User:Philippe_Saade_(WMDE)|User:Philippe Saade (WMDE)]], AI/ML Project Manager talks to Chad Jennings of ''Beyond the Blueprints'' (IBM Product Hub) on making Wikidata more accessible for AI developers, replacing SPARQL-heavy workflows with vector search and hybrid retrieval. ** (French) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Nn7w6Vi3M8 Créer une carte uMap à partir de données géolocalisées extraites de Wikidata] - video presentation of 2026 Digital Encounters ''"Mapping territorial data in uMap"'' ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wf6TFcnvGno Africa Wiki Women 2026 On Wiki Skills Mentorship Program - Introduction to Wikidata] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PIVVpJh1seA Africa Wiki Women 2026 On Wiki Skills Mentorship Program - Major and Minor edits on Wikidata] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9TVFPpSNRYI EMCO Wikidata CoP meeting (2026-01-28)] - participants discuss progress on the ''early adopter'' phase, incl. how to categorise and track contributions, what statistics to measure and progress on MCO application profiles (persons + corporate bodies) ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://queer-memory.toolforge.org/ Queer Memory] multilingual web app that explores '''global queer history''' through live Wikidata timelines, places, rights, culture, and activism. Currently available in English, French, and Spanish. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CMYID3FRNL7OKUNEH3O3OTGT6UQSQN3X/ Etherpad cleanup, save your pads now]. All pads after 1st March 2026 willbe deleted so if you need any of your pads, please make a local backup. * [https://doc.wikimedia.org/Wikibase/master/js/rest-api/ The Wikibase REST API] '''search''' endpoints are now available on '''v1''' and considered stable! It's important to note that the older v0, which has been live on Wikidata since July 2025, will remain available for a '''two month transition period''' until mid-April 2026. We encourage all users to migrate to the new v1 endpoints during this time to ensure that their applications can continue to work seamlessly. * The [[MW:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|February 2026 newsletter]]. It includes result of an initial evaluation of open-source triple store candidates as part of the migration away from Blazegraph, the next Blazegraph migration office hour, and more. To have new issues of the WDP '''monthly''' newsletter delivered to your user talk page, {{#tag:span| [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|Subscribe to WDP newsletter!]] | style=background-color:#E7F527; border-radius:3px; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold;}} ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14122|category for music in this language]] (<nowiki>link to category item that contains music in this language</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14118|‎DOAB book ID]], [[:d:Property:P14119|‎qamus.inoor.ir root ID]], [[:d:Property:P14120|‎The Session tune ID]], [[:d:Property:P14121|Parfumo fragrance note ID]], [[:d:Property:P14123|‎KaraokeTexty.cz album ID]], [[:d:Property:P14124|Biographical encyclopedia of Maros County]], [[:d:Property:P14125|Alpine Linux Wiki article]], [[:d:Property:P14126|‎Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14127|Igromania author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14128|French Trade Mark Number]], [[:d:Property:P14129|‎Bane NOR location code]], [[:d:Property:P14130|‎CardCow.com publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14131|‎Lost Pubs Project ID]], [[:d:Property:P14132|Handball Base ID]], [[:d:Property:P14133|Handballnews.pl person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14134|Center for Jewish History person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14135|African Scientists Directory ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Number of translations|Number of translations]] (<nowiki>Number of translations</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Panoramax instance URL|Panoramax instance URL]] (<nowiki>the Panoramax instance of/about the subject</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID|Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bach digital person ID|Bach digital person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bach digital work ID|Bach digital work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/YList ID|YList ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificativo Antenati|identificativo Antenati]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pesistulokset.fi player ID|Pesistulokset.fi player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Liiga.fi player ID|Liiga.fi player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letterboxd producer ID|Letterboxd producer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Topplista artist ID|Topplista artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple Music Classical work ID|Apple Music Classical work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragplace brands ID|Fragplace brands ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragplace fragrances ID|Fragplace fragrances ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragplace notes ID|Fragplace notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fragplace perfumers ID|Fragplace perfumers ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sport Express person ID|Sport Express person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ciss.org sportsperson ID (deaf sport)|ciss.org sportsperson ID (deaf sport)]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Learned Societies|Learned Societies]] * WikiProject Highlights: a discussion regarding [[d:Wikidata talk:WikiProject Learned Societies#Members of learned societies: too many conflicting data models|how to standardise the data model of the membership of learned societies]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|3324704}} - French radio program and audio podcast * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L3941|collection (L3941)]] - English noun (kəˈlɛkʃən) meaning "a group of gathered items", "money gathered for charity/church", or "the act of acquiring" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We are putting finishing touches on editing support for external ID, URL, monolingual text, quantities and coordinate statements. ** We worked on visually highlighting preferred and deprecated statements on the mobile site similar to how it is done on desktop. ** We worked on showing more than one constraint violation when a statement violates multiple constraints. * Ontology Federation: We continued working allowing other Wikibase instances to use Wikidata Items in their statements (and later from other Wikibase instances). You can see a demo video of the current development state at [[:File:Federation Demo.webm|ontology federation demo]]. * GraphQL: We worked on documentation to get get the GraphQL endpoint ready for a first release. * Wikidata Query Service: The Wikidata Platform team published their report of the evaluation of Blazegraph alternatives. You can read it at [[:File:WDQS Triple Store Evaluation - Benchmark Results Report.pdf]]. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:27, 16 February 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30053912 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:45, 16 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Tech News: 2026-08 == <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:14, 16 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == ''The Signpost'': 17 February 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/In the media|Global powers see Wikipedia as fundamental target for manipulation]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/News and notes|Discussions open for the next WMF Annual Plan]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Serendipity|Maintenance crews continue to slog through Wikipedia's oldest Featured Articles]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Disinformation report|Epstein's obsessions]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Technology report|Wikidata Graph Split and how we address major challenges]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Traffic report|Deaths, killings, films, and the Olympics]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Opinion|Incoming Incurables]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Crossword|Pop quiz]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Comix|herculean]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 08:03, 17 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30039447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:43, 23 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #720 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-02-23. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#719]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Jan Myšák|Jan Myšák]] - RfP scheduled to end after 28 February 2026 11:11 (UTC) * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator#Sjö|Sjö]] - Closed as successful, congratulations [[d:User:Sjö|User:Sjö]]. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Notability policy reform|Notability policy reform]]: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Notability_policy_reform#Round_2:_Context|Round 2]], where policy is suggested based on round 1 discussions. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[DiffBlog:https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/17/apply-now-scholarships-for-the-language-diversity-conference-2026-deadline-13-march-2026/|Apply Now: Scholarships for the Language Diversity Conference 2026]] - scholarship application deadline: 13 March 2026 / Conference dates: 2 - 4 October 2026 in Accra, Ghana. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Notability_policy_reform#Round_2:_Context|Office Hour: Notability Policy]] - February 26th 2026 at 5PM UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1772125200 your timezone]). ** (Catalan) [[m:Event:No_eren_bruixes,_eren_dones_d'Andorra|They were not witches, they were women from Andorra]] - a Wikimarathon for Witches edit-a-thon to make biographies of Andorran women accused of witchcraft more visible on Wikidata and Wikipedia. Sign-up on [[m:Event:No_eren_bruixes,_eren_dones_d'Andorra|Meta]]: 09:30 – 12:30 UTC, 7 March 2026. *Ongoing: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject India/Events/International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] - February 21, 2026 – March 3, 2026 ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://stackoverflow.blog/2026/02/20/even-genai-uses-wikipedia-as-a-source/ Stack Overflow: Even GenAI uses Wikipedia (+Wikidata) as a source] - transcript of the podcast audio between Ryan Donovan and Philippe Saade, on the Wikidata Embedding Project and vectorizing 30 million entities for semantic search. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/21/revitalizing-uk-history-series-2-expanding-multilingual-access-on-wikidata/ Diff Blog: Revitalizing UK History, Series 2: Expanding Multilingual Access on Wikidata] - [[d:User:JosefAnthony|Josef Anthony]] describes the projects efforts in documenting underrepresented UK historical figures in multiple languages. ** [[diffblog:https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/20/into-the-spotlight-sharing-archival-objects-through-wikimedia-commons/|Diff blog: Into the Spotlight: Sharing Archival Objects through Wikimedia Commons]] by [[c:User:LadyRabbit|User:LadyRabbit]]. Experience documenting Ellen Winstone, a historical figure, non-notability on Wikipedia doesn't mean they are not worth documenting. Wikidata and Commons can help. * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/html/2602.14594v1 The Wikidata Query Logs Dataset (WDQL)] - presenting a dataset of 200,000 question-query pairs intended to help train Natural Language questions into SPARQL. By S. Walter, H. Bast (2026). * Videos: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dY-Vz-TS1X0 3rd Wikidata Training] of the On Wiki Skill Mentorship Program by Africa Wiki Women. Dives deeper into the core data modelling concepts, Wikidata-speciifc terminology and practical editing tips for beginners. Led by [[d:User:King_ChristLike|User:King ChristLike]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://dagbanli.info/ Dagbanli dictionary] - a monolingual Dagbanli dictionary built using Wikidata lexemes, with 20000 native audio recordings as usage examples pulled from Mozilla Common Voice. This means when you look up a word, you can hear it spoken in example sentences. See this in action here: [https://dagbanli.info/?word=L722895 suɣulo] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[wikimania:2026:Program|Wikimania:2026]] - The call for submissions for the program is open until March 1, 2026. * [https://www.opensanctions.org/articles/2026-02-18-every-politician/ OpenSanctions: As the CIA closes The World Factbook, we’re opening our global map of political power] - introduces [https://everypolitician.org/ EveryPolitician.org], a global database of 690,000+ political office-holders across the globe. PoliLoom, GovDirectory, a dedicated [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_every_politician|WikiProject]] and the Wikidata community are helping make structured data on politicians transparent. Learn how you can [https://everypolitician.org/about/contribute/ contribute]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14143|annual greenhouse gas emissions]] (<nowiki>carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by this entity in a year</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14136|RFI topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14137|‎Delfi.lv theme ID]], [[:d:Property:P14138|SFDb original ID]], [[:d:Property:P14139|Artdoc.Media film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14140|‎Biographical Dictionary of British and Irish Architects 1800-1950 practice ID]], [[:d:Property:P14141|‎Walloon-French dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14142|Bolivia INE code]], [[:d:Property:P14144|Russian Register of Film Distribution Certificates ID]], [[:d:Property:P14145|‎Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Property:P14146|‎Woordenboek van Nieuwe Woorden ID]], [[:d:Property:P14147|‎Woordcombinaties ID]], [[:d:Property:P14148|‎Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands ID]], [[:d:Property:P14149|Uzbek-Russian dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14150|‎JMRC person id (he)]], [[:d:Property:P14151|Catalunya Romànica ID]], [[:d:Property:P14152|‎IEC 61355 identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14153|Yandex Object Answer id]], [[:d:Property:P14154|Michaelis Portuguese-English Modern Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14155|Michaelis English-Portuguese Modern Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14156|Uni24k indentifier]], [[:d:Property:P14157|The Retro Web company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14158|Hentaigana for Academic Information Exchange ID]], [[:d:Property:P14159|‎Gravestone Project Cemetery ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CWSAC classification|CWSAC classification]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IBAN countries|IBAN countries]] (<nowiki>The country which the bank with this property may create accounts in. For example "MyBank" can create bank accounts in "France" with the prefix "FR". Some banks have a single country they may create accounts in and other have many.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kloekecode|Kloekecode]] (<nowiki>identifier for locations in the Netherlands, Flanders, French Flanders, and north-western Germany</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ICAO 24-bit aircraft address|ICAO 24-bit aircraft address]] (<nowiki>Unique 24-bit ICAO aircraft address assigned to an individual aircraft’s Mode S transponder, expressed as a six-character hexadecimal code and used in ADS-B and air traffic surveillance systems.</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Faulhaber-Edition ID|Faulhaber-Edition ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OldRacingCars.com drivers ID|OldRacingCars.com drivers ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID Prix de Lausanne|ID Prix de Lausanne]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Spellingwijzer Onze Taal ID|Spellingwijzer Onze Taal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Uitleenwoordenbank ID|Uitleenwoordenbank ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EpiMedDat ID|EpiMedDat ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/REVENCYT code|REVENCYT code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/X Games athlete ID (new)|X Games athlete ID (new)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pinkhof ID|Pinkhof ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scheikunde ID|Scheikunde ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JWS II ID|JWS II ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Buitenlandse aardrijkskundige namen in het Nederlands ID|Buitenlandse aardrijkskundige namen in het Nederlands ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeeringDB Facility ID|PeeringDB Facility ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBNL place ID|DBNL place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBNL country ID|DBNL country ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBNL titel ID|DBNL titel ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Movist person ID|Movist person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/HvHp Property table for a set of Wikidata items] (the Memory of the World International Register) ** [https://w.wiki/Hxec People with PolSys ID<small> (P1980)</small>, and with or without Norwegian historical register of persons ID <small>(P4574)</small>] - ([https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Request_a_query&oldid=2465925132#A_list_of_person_having_Pol-sys_ID_and_HistReg_ID source]) * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E502|federally recognized tribe (E502)]]: required and optional properties for items representing federally recognized Native American tribes in the United States. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ski|Ski]] - The goal of WikiProject Ski is to improve items about athletes, events and results from the different skiiing and snowboarding disciplines. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Nonprofit_Organizations/South_Africa|Nonprofit Orgs: South Africa]] - aims to add financial data to the biggest nonprofits * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Pages|Ontology: List of Ontology Pages]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Sociotechnology/Resources|Sociotechnology: Resources]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Chantiers_MNBAQ|Chantiers MNBAQ]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|India: International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L179567|чурка (L179567)]] - Russian noun (ˈtɕurkə) meaning "a wooden block or stump", "a short piece of wood used in games", or "an offensive term for a person"[[d:Lexeme:L179567|чурка (L179567)]] - Russian noun (ˈtɕurkə) meaning "a wooden block or stump", "a short piece of wood used in games", or "an offensive term for a person" ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are preparing to reach out to editors about improving specific templates that are written in a way that creates a lot of unnecessary entries in Recent Changes and Watchlists. * Mobile statement editing: We are getting close to having editing support for all datatypes. We are currently still working on the support for globe coordinates. We also added support for showing constraint violations on qualifiers and references. * Data quality: We are doing technical investigations about how to make constraint violations available for querying again. * GraphQL: We are getting ready to make GraphQL available on Wikidata later this week. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Spain|Spain]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:51, 23 February 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30119106 --> == Tech News: 2026-09 == <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 23 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would "not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland". It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 2 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #721 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-02. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#720]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Jan_My%C5%A1%C3%A1k|Jan Myšák]]: Closed as successful, congratulations to Wikidata's newest admin! * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Notability_policy_reform|Notability Policy - Round 2]]: we are still requesting your input on the new Notablity policy. Including whether to elevate the [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Notability_policy_reform#Round_2:_Make_Wikidata:Self-promotion_a_policy|self-promotion essay]] to a policy. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session 3 March, 2026: We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group Session on Tuesday, March 3 9am PT / 12pm ET / 17:00 UTC / 6pm CET (Time zone converter). Wikiproject P244 maintenance uses SPARQL queries to identify and resolve two types of constraint violations in Wikidata: instances of Wikidata items with more than one LCNAF identifier and instances of the same LCNAF identifier existing on more than one Wikidata item. The February 17th session walked participants through how to resolve the former issue, while the March 3rd session will focus on the latter. This session will be more discussion-focused, since instances where two LCNAF identifier have the same Wikidata item can be difficult to resolve because of Wikidata’s innate quirks. Maybe your ideas will become the official best practice! Event page: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/LCNAF Duplicate Detection P244 Maintenance|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/LCNAF_Duplicate_Detection_P244_Maintenance]] ** [https://hermes-hub.de/aktuelles/news/save-the-date-byodl-2026-04-24.html Bring-Your-Own-Data-Lab], on 24.04.2026, the HERMES Data Competence centre hosts an online BYODL. Dr. Katrin Moeller and Dr. Olaf Simons will share how to enrich your own personal data with standard data and the Wikibase FactGrid. Click the link for registration and more information. ** Wikidata Workshop w/ Wikipedia Riba Aruba + University of Aruba Research Center (UARC), March 2, 12 - 2pm GMT-4. [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScQMobUMNF7TzQIS0yQAaODqIAlQ-5PMoESx_VAq_MIgYtUGQ/viewform Click here to register.] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://www.museodelprado.es/actualidad/noticia/el-museo-del-prado-y-wikimedia-espaa-consolidan-a/bb297f99-9445-68c8-250f-f2aa2765792a The Museo del Prado and Wikimedia Spain consolidate Wikidata as the connector axis of digital cultural heritage] - gathering of the second edition of ''Connected Heritage: Wikidata in the GLAM Ecosystem'' ** (Dutch) [https://www.wikimedia.nl/actueel/blog/wikipielen-informele-wiki-hackathon-voor-de-glam-sector/ Wikipielen: an informal mini-hackathon for the GLAM sector], Olaf Janssen (WM coordinator at National Library of Netherlands) on the 10th edition of this micro-hackathon for people in cultural and heritage sector interested in Wikidata, Wikibase, SPARQL, OpenRefine and other technical skills. ** [https://medium.com/@michalmigurski/weeknotes-2026w04-boundary-issues-f037407a7f45 Boundary Issues]—Michal Migurski on representing disputed boundaries using Wikidata and OpenStreetMap. * Papers: ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.471 From Websites to Wikidata: Digitising Scotland’s Stories] by Ross ''et al.'' (2026) ** [https://doi.org/10.1145/3795134 ''Entity Linking with Wikidata: A Systematic Literature Review''] ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2602.19133v1 ''A Dataset for Named Entity Recognition and Relation Extraction from Art-historical Image Descriptions''] by Schneider ''et al.'' (2026)., introduces FRAME for extracting art-historical entities and relationships from texts, enabling automatic linking of artworks, artists, and related metadata via Wikidata. ** [https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1247&context=jcas Review of Ethics in Linked Data] by Rebecca Fried. * Videos: ** (Swedish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjJHbF2aDCc Fotbollsspelare Wikipedia / Wikidata] - using QuickStatements to add P54 (member of sports team) to football players ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-hYIdzJLeg Jukun Wikipedia Outreach], day 2 took attendees through adding interwiki links, Wikidata essentials and adding {{Databox}} to Jukun Wiki articles. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgRWBAvoea0 Set-up Tutorial: Language Preferences and Gadgets on Wikidata], the International [Digital] Dura-Europos Archive (IDEA) takes us through enabling gadgets and setting your preferred languages (Babel). ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://mapsofthe.world/stadiums Maps Of the World / Stadiums] - explore the stadiums of the world (at least the ones with Wikidata Items), mapped by SPARQL. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14164|SignWriting transcription]] (<nowiki>representation in SignWriting</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14160|Microsoft Store developer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14161|Apple Music Classical work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14162|‎SIK-ISEA group ID]], [[:d:Property:P14163|‎CHZZK streamer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review:: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Objectif plumes|Objectif plumes]] (<nowiki>Database managed by the General Service for Literature and Books, a department of the Cultural Administration of the Wallonia-Brussels Federation (basically the Ministry of Culture for the French-speaking part of Belgium). The database currently includes entries on books by more than 8.000 Belgian writers.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/usual forename|usual forename]] (<nowiki>A name usually derived from a given name used to address a person in everyday life.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/apportionment diagram|apportionment diagram]] (<nowiki>image that displays the representation of seats won by party in an election to an assembly</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LibriVox reader ID|LibriVox reader ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/All Skies Encyclopaedia ID|All Skies Encyclopaedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KCUE academy ID|KCUE academy ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Catálogo de autoridades da BUSC|Catálogo de autoridades da BUSC]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISSN-H|ISSN-H]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hong Kong Cinema title ID|Hong Kong Cinema title ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NPPM ID|NPPM ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parlement.com ID|Parlement.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kokugakuin University god name database ID|Kokugakuin University god name database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Czech National Register of Health Service Providers ID|Czech National Register of Health Service Providers ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Génération Nintendo game ID developer ID|Génération Nintendo game ID developer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Génération Nintendo game ID publisher ID|Génération Nintendo game ID publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/wikiru.jp wiki ID|wikiru.jp wiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tribuna.com football players ID|Tribuna.com football players ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SnokaDB|SnokaDB]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/abadis.ir Persian word ID|abadis.ir Persian word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AIK soccer player ID|AIK soccer player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BOIShistory|BOIShistory]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/HygX Works in Scottish museums by female artists, lacking an English Wikipedia article] ([[:d:User:MartinPoulter/queries/collections|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/J5hv Graph of Moominworld] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|Q1774}} - semi-autonomous part of Tanzania * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L14515|snap (L14515)]] - English verb (snæp) meaning "to break suddenly", "to lose control emotionally", or "to take a photograph" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We worked on removing the constraint violations indicator from a statement after an edit that fixed it. ** We are fixing bugs uncovered in testing, such as [[phab:T218477]], [[phab:T418104]], [[phab:T417861]] and [[phab:T417647]]. * GraphQL: We are getting ready to launch the first version later this week, including preparing the documentation for how to use it. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:42, 2 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30129341 --> == Tech News: 2026-10 == <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:48, 2 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == This Month in Education: February 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 11:55, 3 March 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30155806 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:31, 9 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikidata weekly summary 722 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-09. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#721]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/DifoolBot 8|DifoolBot 8]] - Task: Remove Wikipedia import references from statements where the referenced article has since been deleted. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://wikidataworkshop.github.io/2026/ The 6th Wikidata Workshop] has been announced for ISWC 2026. If you are interested in joining the wWorkshop for the scientific Wikidata community, contact: 6th-wikidata-workshop@googlegroups.com ** [https://events.ucf.edu/event/4071752/open-scholarly-profiles-with-wikidata/ Open Scholarly Profiles with Wikidata] - April 22, 2026, 13:00 - 14:30, at the University of Central Florida. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/08/becoming-a-trainer-assistant-at-wikilatih-wikidata-brin-a-journey-of-sharing-knowledge Diff blog: Becoming a Trainer Assistant at Wikilatih Wikidata BRIN: A Journey of Sharing Knowledge] by Affandy Murad ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/06/why-dagbanli-needs-a-dictionary-and-how-we-built-one-with-wikidata/ Diff blog: Why Dagbanli Needs a Dictionary (And How We Built One with Wikidata)] - by [[User:Masssly]] * Papers: [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Scholia_2026_Compliance_with_SPARQL_1.1.pdf Scholia 2026: Compliance with SPARQL 1.1], to be presented at [https://www.swat4ls.org/ SWAT4HCLS 2026] * Videos: ** (Swedish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvaPqzO2cWQ Mix'n'Match IFKDB] / [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7b9LR79y5U Mix'n'Match DIF Historia] - Magnus Sälgö ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpA19w3jM40 Introducción a Wikidata], Dinah M. W.Fraites and Dr. Claudia De Souza give a comprehensive tour and introduciotn of Wikidata for the ''Centro para la Excelencia Académica'' ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuYkCUiP1wk Accessibility and Gen AI - Ep 15 w/ Denny Vrandečić (Head of Special Projects at Wikimedia Foundation)] - a conversation about Abstract Wikipedia, the relationship between Wikimedia, Wikipedia and other Projects and how the Foundation will adopt and adapt to emergent technologies such as LLM's. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGZqljvsoow Epigraphic Object Encoding] - Session 7 of the SunoikisisDC ''Digital Approaches to Cultural Heritage''. Experiences encoding epigraphic data into Wikidata starts at 58:27. ** (Arabic) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4F_n4xgUgKg Arabic Wikidata Days 2025: Adding Wikidata to include Arabic Content (example: Hijri Calendar)], Saeed Hubaishan presents a practical example of adapting Wikibase to enable adding new data types that haven't previously been modelled, such as dates in the Hijri Calendar. ** Wikimania 2025 - Unpopular Opinions: Bold Lightning Talks to Shake Up Wikimedia: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cB76LpwRYYI&t=2080s Moving Categories to Wikidata ((Ad Huikeshoven))] / [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cB76LpwRYYI&t=2080s Introducing Wiki AI (Sam Klein)] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fELZCm-plHo Unlocking Government Data for Wikidata: Stories, Impacts & Open Dialogue] from Wikimania 2025. Panelists: Butch Bustria, James M. Heilman (Doc James), Jan Ainali, Vanj Padilla, Wisdom Ferrer, Seddon explore how the reuse of public domain & government datasets enriches Wikidata & bolsters public engagement with Wikimedia projects.[[c:File:Unlocking_Government_Data_for_Wikidata._Stories,_Impacts,_and_Open_Dialogue_-_Wikimania_2025_Nairobi.pdf|Slides]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://codeberg.org/2Go/Data2Go Data2Go] : An iOS app for browsing and editing Wikidata with a mobile-first UI. It combines fast search, rich item detail views, statement editing, map previews, media galleries, and account-based write access to Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikidata now has a GraphQL API! [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL|Read more about it and try it out]] or sign up for the [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply usability tests]. * The WMF is in the process of rolling out new global API rate limits. This will also affect Wikidata. For more details see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14165|ICAO 24-bit aircraft address]], [[:d:Property:P14166|BISMaL taxon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14167|Xcity actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14168|All Skies Encyclopaedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14169|Power Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P14170|Kvinnehistorie.no persons ID]], [[:d:Property:P14171|Mastercaller player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14172|dartn.de player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14173|darts1.de player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14174|pdpa.co.uk player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14175|‎People's Graphic Design Archive creator ID]], [[:d:Property:P14176|HKCinema film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14177|Medvik ID]], [[:d:Property:P14178|Obálky knih ID]], [[:d:Property:P14179|MusicaPopular.cl ID]], [[:d:Property:P14180|CAMEO page ID]], [[:d:Property:P14181|ciss.org sportsperson ID (deaf sport)]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum vehicle length|maximum vehicle length]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized length for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Peer-review propertiy for journals or publications|Peer-review propertiy for journals or publications]] (<nowiki>{{TranslateThis | de = <!-- Beschreibung auf Deutsch --> <!-- | xx = Beschreibungen in anderen Sprachen --> }}Scholarly journals or publications should have a property "peer review process" indicating which peer review process (if any) is applied for the publication.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum vehicle width|maximum vehicle width]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized width for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum vehicle weight|maximum vehicle weight]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized weight (tonnage / gross vehicle weight) for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment (load limit)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regional conservation status|regional conservation status]] (<nowiki>conservation status of species in national or regional Red List publications that follow the IUCN red list criteria</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LINE official account ID|LINE official account ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kulturbase.no ID|Kulturbase.no ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CROWCASS file number|CROWCASS file number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Integbio Database Catalog ID|Integbio Database Catalog ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/norsk fangeregister historie ID|norsk fangeregister historie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Census of Italian Architecture since 1945|Census of Italian Architecture since 1945]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TMDB award ID|TMDB award ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SocioMap ID|SocioMap ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AVefi ID|AVefi ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NSK new ID|NSK new ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Atlas of Endangered Alphabets ID|Atlas of Endangered Alphabets ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/J7cr Property count of characters in Tolkien's Universe] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Query_to_list_properties_and_their_counts|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/JFy7 Data about Norwegians in captivity during WWII (using ''Norwegian prisoner register person ID'' (P8269) + others] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#A_list_of_persons_in_Fanger.no|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Beer|WikiProject Beer]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|Q733738}} - international airport serving Melbourne, Australia * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1154759|sampaa (L1154759)]] - Dagbanli noun that translates to a hut within a compound to provide shelter for people during the warm season. ''' Development ''' * GraphQL: We have released the first version of this new API. [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL|You can read more about it and try it out]]. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We have worked with editors to improve some highly-used modules that access Wikidata in a suboptimal way. They have been adjusted to lead to less unneeded change notification in people's watchlists and recent changes on Wikipedia and co. * Mobile statement editing: We fixed an issue where certain Properties were not accessible in the new mobile UI. We are also working on fixing a bug with saving musical notation statements. We are continuing the work on supporting editing of geocoordinates. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory|agencies for the environment and nature conservation]]. * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:51, 9 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30163237 --> == Tech News: 2026-11 == <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:50, 9 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == ''The Signpost'': 10 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Interview|Bernadette Meehan, new Wikimedia Foundation CEO]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/News and notes|Security testing unleashes computer worm on Meta-wiki]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Special report|What actually happened during the Wikimedia security incident?]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In the media|Indonesian government blocks Wikimedia logins; archive site scoured from Wikipedia after owner runs malware]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Recent research|To wiki, perchance to groki]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Obituary|Madhav Gadgil, Fredrick Brennan, Mark Miller, Chip Berlet]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Opinion|Interface administrators and trusting trust]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Technology report|English Wikipedia deprecates archive.today after DDoS against blog, altered content]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Op-ed|Why is "Trypsin-sensitive photosynthetic activities in chloroplast membranes" cited in "List of tallest buildings in Chicago"?]] * Essay: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Essay|The pursuit of a button click]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In focus|Short descriptions: One year later]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/WikiProject report|Unreferenced articles backlog drive]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Community view|Speaking of planning ...]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Traffic report|Over the mountain, kissing silver inlaid clouds]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Crossword|"It will never happen"]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Comix|BRIEn't]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 04:14, 10 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30121359 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue II, February 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in 2026 is calling to action! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: A photo safari through Wiki Loves Fashion & a rescue mission with Mission Gourmande! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library overview of 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Cultural Heritage and Memory: 2026 GLAM Call and Executed Renaissance Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students and an update on the NZBSI WiR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedia in Cultural Marketing at Crash Mondays Warsaw * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: February in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata in the GLAM context II * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Neocomensia, SAPA, Atelier Winterthur, GLAM-on-Tour Disentis * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New content in African and Asian languages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Focus on Indigenous issues * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 00:52, 12 March 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30232291 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #723 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-16. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#722]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://almedaresearch.org/ The African Literary Metadata (ALMEDA) project] - The ALMEDA project’s key outcome is a linked, open, and searchable metadata repository—built from extensive cataloguing of previously uncatalogued materials and enriched through a user-friendly interface launching in 2025, designed to support ongoing growth beyond the project’s initial five-year funding. ** https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/13/structuring-dagbanli-on-wikidata-lexemes-senses-and-the-digraph-challenge/ * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11767 Understanding Wikidata Qualifiers: An Analysis and Taxonomy] - This study develops a refined taxonomy of Wikidata qualifiers—based on their semantics, frequency, and diversity—to help contributors select appropriate qualifiers, improve querying and inference, and enhance knowledge graph design, ultimately offering a structured framework that covers the most important qualifiers and supports better recommendation systems. By Falquet & Aljalbout (2026). * Videos: [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZQ67TzUJdM&pp=iggCQAE%3D LIVE Wikidata editing #118 at the Open Data Day] - Wikipedia Weekly Network: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=KI936x_IBT0&pp=iggCQAE%3D Introduction to editing Wikidata on mobile] - Art + Feminism in Wikimedia Botswana ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=f1XtOtLzYDM&pp=iggCQAE%3D Queer women in the Arts (English): A panel discussion and Wikidata workshop] * Podcasts: [https://wikipediapodden.se/wikidata-notability-reform-356/ Wikipediapodden interviews Lydia Pintscher about the ongoing Wikidata notability reform] (also available on [[c:File:WP356 - Wikidata notability reform.mp3|Commons]]) * Notebooks: [https://observablehq.com/@pac02/who-gets-a-biography-on-french-language-wikipedia Who gets a biography on French-language Wikipedia?] A country-by-country portrait of biographical coverage for people born between 1950 and 2000. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://github.com/altilunium/wdquery Wdquery] : [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Wikibase_GraphQL GraphQL-powered] Wikidata item advanced search. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * https://casier-politique.fr * [https://www.fornland.com Fornland]—aggregates over a million cultural heritage sites from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland into one interface, combining Wikidata and other sources . * [[m:Coolest Tool Award]] *The [[MW:Wikidata_Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|March 2026 newsletter]]. To have new issues of the WDP '''monthly''' newsletter delivered to your user talk page, {{#tag:span| [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|Subscribe to WDP newsletter!]] | style=background-color:#E7F527; border-radius:3px; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold;}} * Reminder that the 4 week grace period for switching to the v1 route for the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/Wikibase/master/js/rest-api/#/item%20search Wikibase REST API search endpoints] will end this week. The v0 route will be turned off and hence will no longer function. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14182|river regime]] (<nowiki>predominant pattern of annual changes to a stream's discharge at a particular period</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14186|seat occupied]] (<nowiki>seat held by a person within an academy or other society</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14183|Génération Nintendo publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14184|KCI article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14185|‎LINCS ID]], [[:d:Property:P14187|radeberger-stadtgeschichte.de Object Identificator]], [[:d:Property:P14188|Flohic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14189|‎Vlaams Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Property:P14191|‎Bach digital person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14192|‎Bach digital work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14193|Identificativo Antenati]], [[:d:Property:P14194|‎Liiga.fi player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14195|‎Pesistulokset.fi player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14196|‎Letterboxd producer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14197|Fragplace brands ID]], [[:d:Property:P14198|Fragplace fragrances ID]], [[:d:Property:P14199|Fragplace notes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14200|Fragplace perfumers ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/population pyramid|population pyramid]] (<nowiki>Age pyramid image for demography articles</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/StatsF1 ID|StatsF1 ID]] (<nowiki>Link to a Formula 1 specific database</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum vehicle height|maximum vehicle height]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized height for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment (regulatory limit from signage)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bibliografi.dk|Bibliografi.dk]] (<nowiki>Bibliografi.dk</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeerTube instance URL|PeerTube instance URL]] (<nowiki>the PeerTube instance of/about the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Central Registration Number (Indonesia)|Central Registration Number (Indonesia)]] (<nowiki>primary service registration number assigned to a member of the Indonesian Armed Forces or Indonesian National Police</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital Public Good|Digital Public Good]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LUBW-RIPS-Wasserkraftanlage-ID|LUBW-RIPS-Wasserkraftanlage-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant QueenBallers.com d'une joueuse|Identifiant QueenBallers.com d'une joueuse]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foto Atlas taxonomy ID|Foto Atlas taxonomy ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brewver beer ID|Brewver beer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Göteborgsalliansen|Göteborgsalliansen]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Consumer Rights Wiki article ID|Consumer Rights Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Royal Air Force service number|Royal Air Force service number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'une personne dans le Bianco|Identifiant d'une personne dans le Bianco]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tajik-Russian Dictionary word ID|Tajik-Russian Dictionary word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AmericanAristocracy person ID|AmericanAristocracy person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AmericanAristocracy house ID|AmericanAristocracy house ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Shinmei database ID|Shinmei database ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|Q161672}} - Congolese politician and independence leader (1925–1961) ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** If you have not tried it yet, now is an excellent time to turn it on in the beta features section of your preferences, test it and give feedback. ** We have added support for editing globe coordinate statements * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to work on the issue of too many Wikidata in recent changes and watchlists on Wikipedia and co. We are currently prototyping a way to only consider changes that actually have an impact on the article ([[phab:T419823]]). We also finished the work on an emergency switch to turn off sending changes for qualifiers and references to Wikipedia and co in case of major database disruptions ([[phab:T412956]]). * Ontology federation: We are working towards getting the code for ontology federation (in its first version of using Wikidata Items as values on other Wikibase instances) ready for wider testing. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Bangladesh|Bangladesh]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:35, 16 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30228490 --> == Tech News: 2026-12 == <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:33, 16 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:07, 23 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #724 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-23. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#723]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/AraBot|AraBot]] - Tasks: Adding Aragonese sitelinks and updating articles on [[w:an:|Aragonese Wikipedia]] with Wikidata's data. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/InventaireBot|InventaireBot]] - Task: Make automated edits generated by the inventaire.io (Q32193244) server and manual edits on behalf of users without a Wikidata account. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/DelintBot|DelintBot]] - Task: Fix [[mw:Help:Lint_errors|lint errors]] on pages across all namespaces where Wikitext can be written (namespaces not managed by Wikibase). * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/archive.today|archive.today]] - due to a [[w:Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Archive.is_RFC_5|RfC and policy on enwiki]], this discussion needs your input on whether Wikidata will continue listing archive.today links. * Ongoing request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Notability policy reform|Notability policy reform]] is looking for input about remaining questions around marginalized knowledge and external identifiers ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: (German) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thXJ1XAbWJ0 Art History Loves Wiki im Museum Schnütgen, YouTube livestream] – 28 March 2026 (UTC+1): presentations by Lisa Dieckmann at 12.30 - 12.50 (“Bilder verknüpfen – prometheus, Normdaten und Wikidata”), Lucy Patterson & Lukas Fuchsgruber at 16.30 - 16.45 (“Kritische Arbeit mit Sammlungsdaten auf Wikidata”), and Max Kristen at 17.30 - 17.45 (“usefulQueries: Unkompliziert Kunstgeschichte in Wikidata erkunden”). ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [[DiffBlog:2026/03/13/structuring-dagbanli-on-wikidata-lexemes-senses-and-the-digraph-challenge|Structuring Dagbanli on Wikidata: Lexemes, Senses, and the Digraph Challenge]] by Masssly and Mohammed Awal Alhassan ** [https://stevehedden.medium.com/open-knowledge-graphs-a-search-engine-for-ontologies-controlled-vocabularies-and-semantic-web-cfcf32a5babe Open Knowledge Graphs: A Search Engine for Ontologies, Controlled Vocabularies, and Semantic Web Tools], by Steve Hedden ** (German) [https://blog.tib.eu/2026/03/16/erinnerungskultur-zum-mitmachen-eine-digitale-landkarte-zum-gestapoterror-in-niedersachsen/ Erinnerungskultur zum Mitmachen: eine digitale Landkarte zum Gestapoterror in Niedersachsen] by Gabriele Fahrenkrog * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.11767 Understanding Wikidata Qualifiers: An Analysis and Taxonomy] presents an analysis of Wikidata qualifiers, focusing on semantics and usage, in order to develop a taxonomy to help in selecting appropriate qualifiers, querying the knowledge graph, and making logical inferences. By Gilles Falquet and Sahar Aljalbout (2026). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwzBfV2bg_g Creating a Wikidata item for a Historic Building] - OpenStreetMap for History Buffs gives a practical example of creating a Wikidata Item for a historic Irish building, but you can adapt it for other historical or archeological sites. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XT27D-1JIUo&pp=ygUIV2lraWRhdGE%3D Introduction to Wikidata (Creating items, Statements & References)] - Africa Wiki Women continue their introductory series with trainer, Blessing Timothy. ** (French) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eu0C1gWIgFQ Introduction à Wikidata] is also provided by Africa Wiki Women. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xw5mfJRgFXk Simple steps to edit Wikidata Episode 1(WAMP)] - [[d:User:Dsp13|User:Dsp13]] of the Wiki Afrodemics Project covers a variety of topics to help new editors make meaningful contributions to Wikidata. ** (French) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZxnAI-PrK0 Introduction à la modification de Wikidata sur mobile] - Art+Feminism in partnership with WM Botswana provide a training session for mobile editing (with a focus on women artists, feminist movements and underrepresented cultural contributions). ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1XtOtLzYDM Queer Women in the Arts]: Art+Feminism teamed up with WikiLGBT+ ([[m:Event:Queer_Women_in_Arts|Event page]]) for a panel discussion and Wikidata training centering on Queer Women in the Arts, in honour of International Women's Day. Also available in [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcBCJzH9OUI Spanish] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ag5GyE7OtKI Portuguese]. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TXqT2ohfwE Wikidata tools: Pet Scan] - [[d:User:Epìdosis|User:Epìdosis]] introduces this handy tool that allows you to query and generate lists of Wikipedia pages or Wikidata items based on defined criteria such as Categories, Properties, Templates, and others. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hTQF3Mde30 Introduction to Wikidata & Property Dashboard] - ''Essential Wikidata Tools: Automating Your Workflow'' workshop given 13 March 2026. Hosted by Alan Ang, Camillo Pellizari, Pru Mitchell, and Taufik Rosman for the ESEAP community. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://property-helper.toolforge.org Wikidata Property Creation Helper] takes a property proposal page and translates it into a QuickStatements batch (and then a second one for the examples) that a property creator can use to quickly create a new property. By [[User:ArthurPSmith|ArthurPSmith]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * GraphQL API ongoing feedback: If you haven’t tried it yet, you can still explore it as a developer-friendly alternative to select WDQS features. Please Share your feedback on the [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase_GraphQL|project page]], or [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up] for deeper usability testing. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/mass number|mass number]] (<nowiki>total number of baryons in an atomic nucleus</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/soil acidity preference|soil acidity preference]] (<nowiki>soil acidity preference of a plant species or lichen</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diepkloof|Diepkloof]] (<nowiki>Place in Johannesburg, South Africa</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/paid-up capital|paid-up capital]] (<nowiki>portion of a company’s issued share capital that has been paid by shareholders</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review:: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Shinmei database ID|Shinmei database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kulturdenkmal-ID Baden-Württemberg|Kulturdenkmal-ID Baden-Württemberg]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Central Registration Number (Police)|Central Registration Number (Police)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NIP 9-digit|NIP 9-digit]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MeetStadium ID|MeetStadium ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/indexxx.com performer ID|indexxx.com performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BGAFD actress ID|BGAFD actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Shellers From the Past ID|Shellers From the Past ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/معرف منشور في قاعدة بيانات معرفة|معرف منشور في قاعدة بيانات معرفة]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/London Book Trades ID|London Book Trades ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KCI journal ID|KCI journal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KCI publisher ID|KCI publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeerJ person ID|PeerJ person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIORAB–FRANKFURT ID|BIORAB–FRANKFURT ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIORAB–WEIMAR|BIORAB–WEIMAR]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIORAB-KAISERREICH|BIORAB-KAISERREICH]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikiparfum perfume ingredient ID|Wikiparfum perfume ingredient ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikiparfum perfumer ID|Wikiparfum perfumer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LAGL|WikiProject LAGL]] (Linked Ancient and Greek Latin) has been established to develop guidelines for adding statements for ancient authors. * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_IDEA/Oral_Histories|WikiProject IDEA: Oral Histories]] - <small>''International (Digital) Dura-Europos Archive (IDEA)''</small> added a subpage for resources, guidelines and progress for adding oral history Items and Statements. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: {{Q|Q3339328}} - worship of water oracles and associated cultural traditions among the Sawa ''' Development ''' * Infrastructure sustainability: We started working with a contractor to look at Wikidata's data storage to find opportunities for improving it. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing the work on a prototype to compare a wiki page before and after it has been parsed to see if this is a feasible way to reduce the number of Wikidata changes in recent changes and watchlist that do not affect the article ([[phab:T419823]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:59, 23 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30228490 --> == Tech News: 2026-13 == <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:48, 23 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:37, 30 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #725 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-03-30. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#724]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Thetalentone|Thetalentone]] - Tasks: Adding and updating references, qualifiers, publication dates, and provenance on my own personal and company items ([[Q138324775]] and [[Q138324581]]) to improve entity confidence for Google Knowledge Graph. Small batches only, no edits to unrelated items. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Dušan Kreheľ (bot)|Dušan Kreheľ]] - Task: Sitelinks existing and newly created municipality pages on hrwiki and Wikidata. * New request for comments: [[Wikidata:Requests for comment/Mass-editing policy]] has a new proposal incorporating feedback and is awaiting votes. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1775664000 18:00 CEST], 08th April 2026 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[m:Event:Wiki_Mentor_Africa_-_Women_Tech_Summit_(WMA-WTS)/en|Wiki Mentor Africa - Women Tech Summit]] takes place until 20:00 CET, 30 May 2026. ** "Wikidata in der Sammlungserschließung" (free online event in German on how GLAM institutions can use Wikidata, 20 April 2026, 10-11:30 CET, organized by [[d:Q51845259| Research and Competence Centre Digitalisation Berlin (Q51845259)]]. More info and registration [https://www.digis-berlin.de/workshop-wikidata-fuer-die-sammlungserschliessung-am-20-04/ here]. ** '''Wikidata Ontology Course''': The second offering of the Wikidata ontology course will be given in May and June 2026, with sessions 1-3 pm EDT (UTC-4) on Thursdays. The Wikidata ontology provides structure and organization for the rest of Wikidata and is thus fundamental to Wikidata. The course starts with the basic notions underlying the Wikidata ontology and goes on to cover querying using SPARQL, inference, constraints, advanced ontology notions, problems with the ontology, and other ontology-related aspects of Wikidata. Participants in the course are expected to complete weekly exercise sets and a project. More information on the course can be found at [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course|WikiProject Ontology/Ontology Course]]. To register for this offering fill in and submit the [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdlZ0r69Mkkfa_SWSdQPMNdVMKnae7-sIOyPuANVjFI4FRq0w/viewform Google form]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://www.opensanctions.org/articles/2026-03-24-poliloom/ Wikidata contains many gaps in its political data. We’ve built a tool to change that (PoliLoom)] ** [https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/from-summer-school-idea-eswc-paper-teaching-ai-repair-wikidata-zxxaf/ From a summer school idea to an ESWC paper: Teaching AI to “repair” Wikidata] * Papers: **[https://rubensworks.github.io/article-did-llms-kill-sparql-federation/ Did AI Crawlers Kill SPARQL Federation?], including Wikidata examples ** [https://www.emerald.com/dlp/article/doi/10.1108/DLP-11-2025-0265/1352756/Gender-and-intersectional-bias-in-featured Gender and intersectional bias in featured biographies on the front page of the Italian edition of Wikipedia, 2014–2024 Open Access] - Wikidata featured heavily in the design and methodology. By Rovira et al., (2026). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KydQwvBelQ Adding architectural data to a Wikidata item for a Historic Building] from OpenStreetMap for History Buffs. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0h1KxXnaJrk Live Wikidata Editing #119] - Ainali and Abbe98 are back to edit Wikidata and explain their thinking along the way. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W37StgITf0Y Wikidata and the public domain] - Tools for bulk editing in Wikidata: Mix n Match and QuickStatements, last class of a [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmjmrXGUFVlJOyYM3S6CBdNFszYI4FwcM 9-part series] provided by Jorge Gemetto. ** (German) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thXJ1XAbWJ0 Art History Loves Wiki im Museum Schnütgen], day 2, digital/local collection loves wiki. ** (German) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rN19MWWtif8 Von OpenStreetMap zu semantisch vernetzten Wissensgraphen] FOSSGIS 2026 Conference. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76wkepRUZLg Using Wikibase as an Integration Platform] with Matthew Ong. Originally given at the Digital Classicist Seminar Berlin, 19 November 2024. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikivisage.toolforge.org/ WikiVisage] - Train a machine learning model to detect depicted subjects in Wikimedia Commons images and assist with adding the P180 (depicts) property. * [https://yesterdays.maprva.org/subjects/ Yesterdays] - A web platform for cataloging and georeferencing historical images of Richmond, Virginia. It uses Wikidata items to help organize the georeferenced images. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editing user testing: join the participant panel: Wikimedia Deutschland is planning new user tests for the mobile editing experience (including more data types as a beta feature) in late April–early May. Participants of all experience levels are welcome, and users of right‑to‑left scripts are especially encouraged to sign up. Register [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/apply here]. Participants will be compensated for their time. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14223|Digital Public Good ID]] (<nowiki>identifier of a digital public good in the Digital Public Goods Registry</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14226|apportionment diagram]] (<nowiki>image that displays the representation of seats won by party in an election to an assembly</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14251|peer-review process for scholarly journals or publications]] (<nowiki>''(without English description)''</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14201|‎X Games athlete ID (new)]], [[:d:Property:P14202|AIK soccer player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14203|‎Uitleenwoordenbank ID]], [[:d:Property:P14205|abadis.ir word ID]], [[:d:Property:P14206|‎AmericanAristocracy house ID]], [[:d:Property:P14207|‎AmericanAristocracy person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14208|British Newspaper Archive publication ID]], [[:d:Property:P14209|‎Buitenlandse aardrijkskundige namen in het Nederlands ID]], [[:d:Property:P14210|Landskrona BoIS player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14211|Library of the University of Santiago de Compostela authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P14212|‎DBNL place ID]], [[:d:Property:P14213|Faulhaber edition ID]], [[:d:Property:P14214|Foto Atlas taxonomy ID]], [[:d:Property:P14215|‎Integbio Database Catalog ID]], [[:d:Property:P14216|‎KCUE academy ID]], [[:d:Property:P14217|‎LibriVox reader ID]], [[:d:Property:P14220|‎Manga-DB person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14221|‎Manga-DB magazine ID]], [[:d:Property:P14222|‎Manga-DB publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14224|Digital Public Goods Registry]], [[:d:Property:P14225|NSK ID]], [[:d:Property:P14227|Tribuna.com football players ID]], [[:d:Property:P14228|Sport Express person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14229|‎Open Food Facts brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14230|‎RITVA company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14231|OldRacingCars.com drivers ID]], [[:d:Property:P14232|‎Spellingwijzer Onze Taal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14233|‎EpiMedDat ID]], [[:d:Property:P14234|‎Pinkhof ID]], [[:d:Property:P14235|‎Scheikunde ID]], [[:d:Property:P14236|‎Movist person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14237|‎ISSN-H]], [[:d:Property:P14238|Names, Persons, and Groups of People of the Middle Ages ID]], [[:d:Property:P14239|‎Parlement.com object ID]], [[:d:Property:P14240|wikiru.jp wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P14241|BGAFD actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14243|IFK Norrköping player]], [[:d:Property:P14244|‎LINE official account ID]], [[:d:Property:P14245|Norwegian war prisoner histories ID]], [[:d:Property:P14246|‎indexxx.com performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14247|SetesdalWiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P14248|‎Shellers From the Past ID]], [[:d:Property:P14249|‎SocioMap ID]], [[:d:Property:P14250|Publication ID in e-Marefa database]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/civil service position level|civil service position level]] (<nowiki>classification level of a civilian public service position within a government administrative hierarchy</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Usenet newsgroup|Usenet newsgroup]] (<nowiki>Usenet newsgroup associated with the item</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/predicted winning party|predicted winning party]] (<nowiki>the party predicted to win an election, according to some source</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Numen ID|Numen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/member of the Azorean assembly ID|member of the Azorean assembly ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Rappels d'une personne|identifiant Rappels d'une personne]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant dans la base de noms France Archives|Identifiant dans la base de noms France Archives]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anarâš aavis topic ID|Anarâš aavis topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Perfumery Glossary ingredient ID|Perfumery Glossary ingredient ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MangaBaka manga ID|MangaBaka manga ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JVID performer ID|JVID performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PlayStation Trophies achievement ID|PlayStation Trophies achievement ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BERON lexeme ID|BERON lexeme ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Hogback|WikiProject Hogback]] - Hogbacks are a type of gravestone marker used in 10th - 12th Century Northern England. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_University_of_Otago_WMIR/WikiProject_Books_of_Mana|University of Otago/Books of Mana]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_sum_of_all_paintings/Collection/Schnütgen_Museum|Schnütgen Museum Collection/Sum of all paintings]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/United_Nations|Govdirectory/United Nations]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Nonprofit_Organizations|Nonprofit Organisations]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/items_with_P569%3DP570|Humans with the same date of birth year (P569) and date of death year (P570)]]. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q275180|Australia (Q275180)]] - 2008 film by Baz Luhrmann * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L737913|viɛla]] - Dagbanli adjective (of quality that is pleasing to human senses). ''' Development ''' * Wikibase GraphQL: We added support for a number of additional datatypes and started working on the functionality for querying Items by the external ID statement values or site links. * Mobile editing of statements: We spent time testing the current state and fixing remaining issues we found. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Mongolia|Mongolia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:31, 30 March 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30329875 --> == Tech News: 2026-14 == <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 30 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == ''The Signpost'': 31 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/In the media|AI ban, newspapers disrupt archiving; and antisemitism complaints]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Community view|Videos from WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Disinformation report|Cleaning up after Jeffrey Epstein, Peter Nygard, and Mohamed Al-Fayed]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/WikiConference report|WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC review]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Obituary|Dr. Subas Chandra Rout]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Traffic report|Call in the dogs of war, soldier of fortune]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Gallery|Canadian Rangers participate in Operation ''Enduring Encyclopedia'']] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Comix|n00bsitting]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 10:08, 31 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30329870 --> == This Month in Education: March 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 10:21, 1 April 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30317659 --> == CEE Newsletter is out now! == Dear all, The first CEE Newsletter issue of 2026 is now live, and we are happy to share it with you. The past few months have been anything but quiet across our region. From Wikimedia CEE Spring and the CEE Women Campaign, to cross-border collaborations, youth initiatives, and new ideas taking shape, there is a lot happening -- and this issue brings together many of those stories in one place. You will find highlights from community activities, updates from the CEE Hub, international news, and a wide range of contributions from across the region. It is a good snapshot of what we have been working on together at the start of the year. As always, thank you to everyone who contributed -- by writing, sharing updates, or supporting behind the scenes. Take a moment to explore the issue and see what is going on across the region: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/March_2026 As always, we have prepared a Russian version of the same issue: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/March_2026/ru Happy reading! On behalf of the CEE Newsletter team, Karo <!-- Message sent by User:KGruszczyk-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=30270755 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:27, 6 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Tech News: 2026-15 == <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:16, 6 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #726 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-04-07. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#725]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Oversight: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Oversight/EPIC (2)|EPIC (2)]] (RfP scheduled to end at 9 April 2026 12:35 UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/ChooseLocal|ChooseLocal]] - '''Task/s:''' Read-only harvest of Wikidata entities (businesses, banks, etc.) by country, for use in a Canadia-centric local business directory. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/JigildikBot|JigildikBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Sitelink Management: Connecting newly created articles on kaa.wiki to their corresponding Wikidata items using Pywikibot. Label and Description Updates: Adding or updating Karakalpak (kaa) labels and descriptions for various items (especially geographical and biographical items) using OpenRefine. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/JJPMaster (bot)|JJPMaster (bot)]] - '''Task/s:''' Automatically add sitelinks for Abstract Wikipedia articles **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/TracklisterBot|TracklisterBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding missing external identifiers to Wikidata items for music artists, sourced from Tracklister ([[Q138905706]]), a music database that aggregates data from 20+ platforms. Properties: Discogs artist ID ([[Property:P1953|P1953]]), Spotify artist ID ([[Property:P1902|P1902]]), SoundCloud ID ([[Property:P3040|P3040]]), Bandcamp ID ([[Property:P3283|P3283]]), Beatport artist ID ([[Property:P5765|P5765]]), Deezer artist ID ([[Property:P2722|P2722]]), Last.fm ID ([[Property:P3192|P3192]]), AllMusic artist ID ([[Property:P1728|P1728]]), Apple Music artist ID ([[Property:P2850|P2850]]), Tidal artist ID ([[Property:P11853|P11853]]). Each claim includes a reference with stated in: Tracklister + reference URL pointing to the artist's page on tracklist.live. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Dušan_Kreheľ_(bot)|Dušan Kreheľ (bot)]] (approved) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] will take place on Wednesday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1775664000 18:00 CEST], 08th April 2026 in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_April_2026| Blazegraph Migration Office Hours]]: Blazegraph migeration office hours April edition is today, 7th January, {{zonestamp|2026-03-27 16:00|16:00 UTC}}. These sessions focus exclusively on supporting the migration away from Blazegraph as the backend of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS). [[Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_April_2026|See the office hour page for details and future sessions]]. ** [https://wissenschaftliche-sammlungen.de/de/termine/digis-workshop-wikidata-fuer-die-sammlungserschliessung digiS Workshop: Wikidata für die Sammlungserschließung] - 20 April 2026, 10.00 CEST (08:00 UTC), this online workshop (held in German) will practice Wikidata skills across SPARQL, OpenRefine and QuickStatements with a focus on using Wikidata for GLAM Institutions. To register, visit the link. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/04/wikidata-graphs-for-data-visualisation-of-endangered-horse-breeds-in-wikipedia/ Wikidata graphs for data visualisation of endangered horse breeds in Wikipedia] By Tsaag Valren ** [[:w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:RAW/2026-04-05#L'Atelier|Does country of birth have an effect on the probability to have a biography in French-language Wikipedia?]] (Le pays de naissance a-t-il un effet sur les chances d'avoir une biographie sur Wikipédia ?), published in RAW-Regards sur l'actualité de Wikimedia in Wikipedia in French. ** (German) [[WMDEblog:2026/04/01/wikidata-ist-teil-von-wikimedia-enterprise|Wikidata ist ein teil von Wikimedia Enterprise]] - an update from Wikimedia Germany on Wikidata's inclusion with Wikimedia Enterprise. ** (German) [https://nearby.hypotheses.org/5479 How to edit nearby: Notizen für regionale Open GLAM-Labore und offene Daten] by Jens Bemme. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/17/building-the-dagbanli-dictionarys-audio-pipeline-ogg-ios-and-transcoding/ Building the Dagbanli Dictionary’s Audio Pipeline: OGG, iOS, and Transcoding], by Mohammed Sadat Abdulai and Mohammed Awal Alhassan * Papers: ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2604.02618v1 OntoKG: Ontology-Oriented Knowledge Graph Construction with Intrinsic-Relational Routing] by Li ''et al.,'' (2026), includes a case study of cleaning and resolving entity labels and descriptions from a 100 million entity dump. ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2603.29801v1 ENEIDE: A High Quality Silver Standard Dataset for Named Entity Recognition and Linking in Historical Italian] by Santinia ''et al.,'' (2026), the ENEIDE dataset links over 2000 historical documents to 8,000+ Wikidata entities. ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2603.29336v1#S6 CADEL: A Corpus of Administrative Web Documents for Japanese Entity Linking] by Higashiyama ''et al.,'' (2026) * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDdGRXSOP24 Using content from Wikidata in your apps], lightning talk by Jan Ainali ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=7cJNk2cZzBg&pp=0gcJCcQBo7VqN5tDiggCQAE%3D 2025: OpenStreetMap x Wikidata Collaboration: Taiwan Case] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZaBKr5pCLc&pp=iggCQAE%3D 2025: The Ugandan Geo Quests: Mapping Libraries and Museums into the Knowledge Commons] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=GomBxbkXZ00&pp=0gcJCcQBo7VqN5tDiggCQAE%3D Using Wikidata for data enrichment in museums] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sOCYi3IJN3s&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 1: What is Wikidata & Why Does It Matter?] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=UPea-60l3tA&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 2: Wikidata Building Blocks] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=lZdxNb-5Slw&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 3: Create an Account & Your First Edits] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=HsuydHCnpAE&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 4: First Edits: Adding References] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5L7Htxi3Vs&pp=iggCQAE%3D Art + Feminism | Introduction to Wikidata – Module 5: Creating a New Item] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wq42.toolforge.org/ An AI chat interface to Wikidata] by Santhosh Thottingal is a tool that gives answers to almost everything on Wikidata ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editing user testing: Wikimedia Deutschland is planning new user tests for the mobile editing experience (including more data types as a beta feature) in late April–early May. Participants of all experience levels are welcome, and users of right‑to‑left scripts are especially encouraged to sign up. Register [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/apply here]. Participants will be compensated for their time. * Wikidata's data is now also available via Wikimedia Enterprise APIs. ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/wikidata-api-endpoints-wikimedia-enterprise/ Wikimedia Enterprise blog post], [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Wikidata’s data will be available through Wikimedia Enterprise|WMDE announcement]]) * [[d:Wikidata:Vector_Database|Wikidata embedding]]: The vectors of the embedding are now also published. * (Job vacancy) [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/7543775?gh_src=94cfded01us&utm_source=MyJobMag: Engineering Manager, Wikidata Platform] (WMF) * (Job vacancy in Indonesian) [https://wikimedia.or.id/karier/lowongan-pemagang-data-dan-teknologi-wikimedia-indonesia-2026/ Wikimedia Indonesia: Data and Technology Apprenticeship Vacancy, April-June 2026] - apply by April 10. Duties include recording Wikidata editing tutorial videos, prepare datathons and training materials and events. * Research workshop on content verifiability in Wikidata: Researchers from King's College London (in partnership with the Wikimedia Foundation) invite Wikidata contributors of all experience levels to a 2‑hour online workshop. Participants receive £90 compensation. [[m:Research:Participatory Auditing AI Tools for Information Verifiability|Research details and registration]]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14254|regional conservation status]] (<nowiki>conservation status of species in national or regional Red List publications that follow the IUCN red list criteria</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14256|‎PeerTube instance URL]] (<nowiki>the PeerTube instance of/about the subject</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14252|PeerJ person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14253|‎RITVA corporate body ID]], [[:d:Property:P14255|‎Royal Air Force service number]], [[:d:Property:P14257|LUBW-RIPS hydroelectric power station-ID]], [[:d:Property:P14258|Biorab-Frankfurt ID]], [[:d:Property:P14259|‎Minfin company ID for banks]], [[:d:Property:P14260|Wikiparfum perfumer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14261|Cultural heritage ID in Baden-Württemberg]], [[:d:Property:P14262|MangaBaka manga ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikimedia Commons content descriptor|Wikimedia Commons content descriptor]] (<nowiki>Wikimedia Commons content descriptor which applies to this media file</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/energy density|energy density]] (<nowiki>amount of energy extractable from a substance (e.g. in a combustion engine) per unit of volume or of mass</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/main page URL|main page URL]] (<nowiki>link to main page or item on website</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bayerische Naturdenkmal-ID|Bayerische Naturdenkmal-ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for natural monuments in Bavaria (Germany), issued by the Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/election result|election result]] (<nowiki>map that displays the result of this election</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/meta-category for|meta-category for]] (<nowiki>topic or class of items covered by the lowest categories in this meta-category's hierarchy</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cast|Cast]] (<nowiki>Cast</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mainline Station Heritage Artefacts Collection ID|Mainline Station Heritage Artefacts Collection ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/lit.link ID|lit.link ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WikiKids page ID|WikiKids page ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KuLaDig ID|KuLaDig ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikiparfum brand ID|Wikiparfum brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Turkey district ID|Turkey district ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Turkey province ID|Turkey province ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OSDev|OSDev]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Giant Bomb Wiki ID|Giant Bomb Wiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Myrotvorets ID|Myrotvorets ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fraktionsprotokolle.de-ID|Fraktionsprotokolle.de-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KISTI article ID|KISTI article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Irish State Administration Database Unit ID|Irish State Administration Database Unit ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hessische Parlamentarismusgeschichte Abgeordneten-ID|Hessische Parlamentarismusgeschichte Abgeordneten-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ocremix.org game ID|ocremix.org game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tube8 ID|Tube8 ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/YourPorn ID|YourPorn ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/KssE Wikispecies pages linked to Wikidata items via a specific property] (example given: Family Name <small>''(Q101352)''</small>) - ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#Wikispecies_page_linked_to_a_items_with_a_specific_property|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Salon_de_Paris|Salon de Paris]] - a list of annual temporary exhibitions usually held in the Salon Carré of the Louvre Palace. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Mesocosms|Mesocosms]] - about modelling research infrastructure, processes and outcomes involving use of [[d:Q138857216|mesocosm (Q138857216)]] ''(experimental system to examine the natural environment under controlled conditions).'' ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Indonesia/Kegiatan/Datathon/Arsip/2025|Archive WikiProject for Wikimedia Indonesia February 2025 Datahon]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Eswatini|Govdirectory: Eswatini]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/badged_items_without_claims|Badged Items without Claims]] - this report lists items that have received a badge (such as Good / Featured Article) but have 0 statements. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q337480|Académie Julian (Q337480)]] - former art school in Paris, France * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L724819|kurugu (L724819)]] - Dagbanli noun that translate to English as metal, harem trousers, hour or coin. ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to investigate how to reduce the number of irrelevant changes showing up in Recent changes and Watchlist by seeing if we can compare the articles before and after the Wikidata change and detect a change in the article ([[phab:T419823]]) * GraphQL: You can now do lookups using itemByExternalId and itemBySitelink * Mobile statement editing: We worked on fixing remaining bugs ([[phab:T420585 ]], [[phab:T420028]], [[phab:T419586]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Eswatini|Eswatini]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:56, 7 April 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30329875 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue III, March 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in Equinox * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Celebrating 20 Years of Papiamentu/o Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Bolivia report|Bolivia report]]: The Family Treasures Project Returns, with New GLAM Partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil defines six categories to represent Brazilian culture on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Architecture in the public domain in libraries in Nariño/Arquitectura en dominio público en bibliotecas nariñenses * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Main Wikimedian in Residence report for 2025 is here * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Art History Loves Wiki 2026 – digital/local. collection loves wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration resumes with the British Library for Bangla Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 2026 winners projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence update, a letter published in Nature & Architecture + Women NZ * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's GLAM Highlights: Botany and Beyond * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: March in Portugal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Looking for similar images * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM Wiki Group, Donna, CoCreation PTT-Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: CILIP MDG 2026 Conference, Library meetups and the World's Enamels * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring 2026 news from Ukraine – Wiki Loves Folklore & more #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: MoMA's International Traveling Exhibitions and Wikidata on the LD4 Arts Affinity Group April Community Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Oulu Löyly * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Indigenous languages on the Main Page * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:20, 9 April 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30344683 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:56, 13 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #727 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-04-13. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#726]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/ZI_Jony_2|ZI Jony (2)]] - RfP scheduled to end after 17 April 2026 13:09 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/NirmosBot_3|Nirmos Bot 3]] - Task(s): Turn one or more consecutive hard (non-breaking) spaces into one regular space in Swedish descriptions. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Alex_NB_OT|Alex NB OT]] - Task(s): Correction of incorrectly specified links to population data sources containing wikitext artifacts with categories, which leads to incorrect categorization of articles. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Alex_NB_OT_2|Alex NB OT 2]] - Task(s): Extract KCI article ID from [[d:Property:P953|P953]] and add it to [[d:Property:P14184|P14184]]. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/ReNeuralAgent|ReNeuralAgent]] - Task(s): (1) add descriptions, (2) Latvian labels/descriptions, (3) 'retrieved from' and 'source URL' to unreferenced Statements, (4) missing aliases from external Identifier sources, (5) Geo coordinates, (6) external identifiers, (7) Population numbers, (8) remove 'dead sitelinks', (9) constraint violations. * Open request for comment: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Mass-editing_policy|Mass-editing policy]] is still open and requires your input. ''' Events ''' * Past: Missed the second quarter Wikidata+Wikibase office hour? You can catch up by reading the session transcript here: [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events/Telegram office hour 2026-04-08|2026-04-08 (Q2 2026)]] * Current: (Spanish) [[d:Event:Dominio_Público_en_América_Latina_2026|Public Domain in Latin America 2026]] - 1st edition of the campaign to improve public domain data for Latin America is running until 15 June. * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Next Linked Data for Libraries [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session 14 April, 2026: We have our next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group Session on Tuesday, April 14, 2026 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST (Time zone converter). QuickStatements is one of the most widely used tools in Wikidata, enabling users to upload and edit large volumes of structured data efficiently. Originally developed by Magnus Manske, the tool has become essential for institutions, researchers, and volunteers working with open data. The new QuickStatements 3.0, developed by Wikimedia Brasil with support from Wikimedia Deutschland, introduces a modernized interface, improved performance, and new features shaped by community input, making it easier than ever to contribute high-quality data to the Wikimedia ecosystem. Event page: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/QuickStatements3|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/QuickStatements3]] **[https://artandfeminism.org/panel/community-hours-af-wikidata-modules/ Art+Feminism is hosting a Community Hours session on April 17 to introduce their new Wikidata modules — don’t miss it!] ** [https://www.digis-berlin.de/workshop-wikidata-fuer-die-sammlungserschliessung-am-20-04/ digiS Workshop „Wikidata für die Sammlungserschließung“ am 20.04.] - (German), registration closes 16.04, takes place online (10:00 – 11:30 CEST), room link after registration. ** [https://events.ucf.edu/event/4102698/open-scholarly-profiles-with-wikidata Open Scholarly Profiles with Wikidata] - Wednesday, April 22, 2026 1300 - 1430 EDT (1700 - 1830 UTC). This is an onsite event at University of Central Florida. ** [[w:ig:Event:Visibility_of_Communities_in_Nigeria_2.0|Visibility of Communities in Nigeria 2.0]]: 17.04 - 25.04, (please register on the link). Help enrich Wikidata with cultural preservation, tourism and inclusive development data for items on South Nigerian communities. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: (Spanish) [[wmes:conectando-a-los-autores-y-autoras-del-patrimonio-documental-vasco-en-wikipedia-y-wikidata|Connecting: Basque documentary heritage on Wikipedia and Wikidata]] - a program to make Basque heritage data more visible, with events scheduled through April - June. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TiyhYerswVU Live Wikidata Editing #120] with Jan Ainali and Abbe98 ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVUDn1E-yJU Can AI Replace Wikipedia? Jonathan Fraine & Raja Amelung Explain Why It Cannot] - Wikimedia Deutschland's Jonathan and Raja discuss why human knowledge and contribution to Wikipedia and Wikidata will always be important. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEzUqaorHtg Interfacing with Wikidata for fun and profit] - Yaron Koren ** [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qwwpxtdGAG7oYKwlp2ykhyZIgrMYvUgt/view Introduction to Lexicographical data] - By Chinonso Chidi ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=TmMC8L89hOs&pp=iggCQAE%3D WMUK Wikidata Training (1/2) - Why & how to add data to Wikidata] - a beginner-friendly introduction to Wikidata editing hosted by Dr. Martin Poulter. ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=acjchSUjq48&pp=iggCQAE%3D WMUK Wikidata training (2/2) - Make your first Wikidata query using SPARQL] - How to query Wikidata's vast store of knowledge using SPARQL. ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5WTkl4dXCKA&pp=iggCQAE%3D Wikidata and personal pronouns (P6553) by Clair Kronk and Crystal Yragui] - part of the [[m:Event:Queering_Wikipedia_Conference_2025|Queering Wikipedia Conference (2025)]] ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoSszuyG8tI Queering the public domain using Wikidata and Wikipedia] - with [[m:User:Hiperterminal|User:Hiperterminal]]. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRj3cXRn1uk Taller de OpenRefine por David Ramírez-Ordóñez] ([[m:User:Hiperterminal|User:Hiperterminal]]) - a workshop on OpenRefine with a geder perspective. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31VQumm49yM Introducing lgbtDB: A Collaborative Queer Resource and Pilot Data Area] by Clair Kronk. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://humansmap.com/ HumansMap] - a connection-visualiser and explorer app for 3 million notable humans, all data sourced from Wikidata. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Call for tool builders: EntitySchemas listening tour: The Wikidata team wants your feedback on EntitySchemas to improve data quality and discoverability. Share your experiences, pain points, and needs via the [[d:Wikidata_talk:Schemas#EntitySchemas_listening_tour_(feedback_round_2)|project talk page]] or this short [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeF1snQbKid7WaurWtEyrYPJ31M9vN8cKl4EocOnwNCvMsZqw/viewform?usp=header Google form] (including option for a 30-min video call). ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14272|ConLang Code Registry code]] (<nowiki>3-letter identifier for language defined in the ConLang Code Registry, using codes reserved for private use in ISO 639-3</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14280|‎official roster page]] (<nowiki>URL of a team's official page about this player</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14299|‎value type of this mathematical property]] (<nowiki>type of the value of this mathematical property when applied to this object or this type of objects</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14300|‎Usenet newsgroup]] (<nowiki>Usenet newsgroup associated with the item</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14317|hardware is incompatible with]] (<nowiki>significant elements with which a computer hardware or electronic device is incompatible and which indicates a significant property of this hardware.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14319|Peh-oe-ji]] (<nowiki>writing system for Taiwanese Hokkien (Q36778) or other Southern Min (Q36495) language varieties in Fujian and South East Asia.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14332|‎heir apparent]] (<nowiki>person designated to take on royal position after death of subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14341|thumbtime]] (<nowiki>time for video thumbnail in seconds</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14263|Algeria Press Service tag ID (English)]], [[:d:Property:P14264|Algeria Press Service tag ID (French)]], [[:d:Property:P14265|‎BERON lexeme ID]], [[:d:Property:P14266|‎Brussels BeStAddress street ID]], [[:d:Property:P14267|‎Brussels BeStAddress address ID]], [[:d:Property:P14268|‎Atlas of Endangered Alphabets ID]], [[:d:Property:P14269|Anarâš aavis topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14270|Wikiparfum perfume ingredient ID]], [[:d:Property:P14271|TMDB award ID]], [[:d:Property:P14273|Open Library Collection]], [[:d:Property:P14274|‎Ohio University ArchiveSpace subject ID]], [[:d:Property:P14275|VAi Archiefhub agent ID]], [[:d:Property:P14276|‎PBA.com player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14277|‎IRIS UNIL author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14278|IPRESS ID]], [[:d:Property:P14279|GEMI Number]], [[:d:Property:P14281|‎StandardsMap ID]], [[:d:Property:P14282|‎Japanese Location Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14283|‎IRDI]], [[:d:Property:P14284|‎Wendingen object ID]], [[:d:Property:P14285|‎Wendingen person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14286|Oricon News ID]], [[:d:Property:P14287|‎JMRC person id (en)]], [[:d:Property:P14288|Rappels person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14289|KCI journal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14290|KCI publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14291|BIORAB-Kaiserreich ID]], [[:d:Property:P14292|BIORAB–WEIMAR ID]], [[:d:Property:P14293|‎Mainline Station Heritage Artefacts Collection ID]], [[:d:Property:P14294|Göteborgsalliansen player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14295|‎Fungal Names taxon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14296|‎Dicionário Biográfico de Cientistas, Engenheiros e Médicos em Portugal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14297|‎Brewver beer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14298|Central Registration Number (Indonesian police)]], [[:d:Property:P14301|‎UEA catalogue ID]], [[:d:Property:P14302|‎lit.link ID]], [[:d:Property:P14303|kulturbase.no ID]], [[:d:Property:P14304|KuLaDig-ID]], [[:d:Property:P14310|Topplista artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14311|TV Drama Database program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14315|‎Thyssen-Bornemisza work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14316|‎Swedish National Archives ID]], [[:d:Property:P14318|Perfumery Glossary ingredient ID]], [[:d:Property:P14320|‎PeeringDB facility ID]], [[:d:Property:P14321|‎Nişanyan Adlar ID]], [[:d:Property:P14322|National Theatre in Prague performance ID]], [[:d:Property:P14323|National Theatre in Prague artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14324|‎JVID performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14325|CICAP Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14326|‎MJ character glyph name]], [[:d:Property:P14327|member of the Azorean parliament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14328|Master Ideographs Seeker character ID]], [[:d:Property:P14329|‎London Book Trades ID]], [[:d:Property:P14330|‎Kloekecode]], [[:d:Property:P14331|ID Prix de Lausanne]], [[:d:Property:P14333|‎GDUNO ID]], [[:d:Property:P14334|‎fotbolltransfers.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P14335|Foot Résultats player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14336|‎Dictionary of Unitarian & Universalist Biography ID]], [[:d:Property:P14337|‎DBNL country ID]], [[:d:Property:P14338|‎CROWCASS file number]], [[:d:Property:P14339|‎European Dictionary Portal ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenType script tag|OpenType script tag]] (<nowiki>identifier for a script in OpenType</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenType language system tag|OpenType language system tag]] (<nowiki>identifier for a language (system) in OpenType</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/tattoos|tattoos]] (<nowiki>anatomical location of a tattoo that this person or character have</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/organization in cooperation with ISO ID|organization in cooperation with ISO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EDAM Ontology ID|EDAM Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FISH Evidence Thesaurus Identifier|FISH Evidence Thesaurus Identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FISH Thesaurus of Monument Types ID|FISH Thesaurus of Monument Types ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScriptSource script ID|ScriptSource script ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ScriptSource language code|ScriptSource language code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Extended Defence of Britain Database ID|Extended Defence of Britain Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Max username|Max username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BE-monumen ID|BE-monumen ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/LAbm List of sitelinked small items to a single Wiki] ([https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Request_a_query&oldid=2480451843 source]) - example wiki: Maori Wikipedia ** [https://w.wiki/FYno People who have herbarium specimens in Herbarium Dresdense (on a timeline)] ([[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Collectors_affiliated_with_the_Herbarium_Dresdense_(DR)|source]]) * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Collectors_affiliated_with_the_Herbarium_Dresdense_(DR)|Collectors affiliated with the Herbarium Dresdense (DR)]] * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/QuickStatements3|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/QuickStatements3]] - don't forget to add yourself to the participants section if you plan to attend the 14.04 Zoom call. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Temples_in_Roman_Britain/Data_Model|Temples in Roman Britain/Data Model]] subpage was added. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Library_and_Information_Science|Library and Information Science]] added subpages: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Library_and_Information_Science/dashboard_of_librarians|Librarians dashboard]], [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Library_and_Information_Science/dashboard_of_indexers|Indexers dashboard]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Special:ShortPages|Short Pages]] - A list of pages (mostly Items) that are very small, often appear completely blank. A review to judge whether they are suitable for deletion, victims of vandalism or require merging or expanding may be appropriate. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q804859|Baldur's gate II: Shadows of Amn]] - an isometric CRPG created with the Infinity engine, adapting the Advanced Dungeons and Dragons 2nd edition ruleset. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L1250690|spegnere]] (Italian verb) to turn off, switch off, extinguish. ''' Development ''' * The Wikibase Reuse Team is working on ensuring [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413655 language fallback works on the GraphQL] labels of linked entities functionality and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421994 improving the technical infrastructure behind wbsearchentities]. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: is working on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422564 introducing metrics] that help observe the impact of Recent Change related work. Work continues on improving the Diff ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419244 T419244], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419823 T419823]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/United Nations|United Nations]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:40, 13 April 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30379279 --> == Tech News: 2026-16 == <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:16, 13 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == [[Incubator:Requests for deletions#Wikinews test projects]] == For record, I guess that this section affects some test projects you previous contributed, at least [[Wn/af]] and [[Wn/vi]], so your inputs are welcome on the future of those Wikinews tests which are currently frozen. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 00:29, 19 April 2026 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:34, 20 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30430366 --> == Tech News: 2026-17 == <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:57, 20 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #728 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-04-20. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#727]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Yamato Shiya|Yamato Shiya]] - RfP scheduled to end after 26 April 2026 11:10 (UTC) * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/ZI Jony 2|ZI Jony 2]] - Closed as successful ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #88 May 11 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ** Wikidata turns 14 this October, and it’s time to start thinking about birthday celebrations🥳. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/O6V5RI7VMZCQGFTJZNNFOYZPJ6OPPK2R/ See the various ways in which you can participate]. ** [https://events.ucf.edu/event/4102698/open-scholarly-profiles-with-wikidata Open Scholarly Profiles with Wikidata] - April 22, 2026 1300 - 1430 EDT (1700 - 1830 UTC). This is an onsite event at University of Central Florida and requires registration (see link). ** [https://www.instagram.com/p/DXNPK8jkl7p University of Central Illinois - How does data power Wikipedia and Wikidata?] Discover how your data skills can make an impact. Join the two onsite sessions (April 21, follow the link for registration details). '''Module 1''' - GLAM Wiki and the Wikimedia Ecosystem: Commons and Structured Data: 0930 - 1130 CDT - An overview of GLAM-Wiki (Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums). '''Module 2''' - Wikidata: Editing, Querying, Citations and GIS Applications, 1300 - 1500 CDT ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [[DiffBlog:2026/04/14/women-in-photography-wikidata-workshop-with-lightbox-library|Women in Photography – Wikidata Workshop with LightBox Photo Library]] - to address the underrepresentation of women photographers in the Wikimedia Projects, this workshop brought tech reporters, librarians, researchers and photography enthusiasts to understand how Wikidata can unlock data silos and connect different projects (in the Wikiverse and external) to make data on women photographers more searchable. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/14/her-heritage-wiki-challenge-artfeminism-in-ghana-month/ Her Heritage Wiki Challenge: Art+Feminism in Ghana Month] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/18/no-signal-no-problem-building-the-dagbanli-dictionary-for-offline-use/ No Signal? No Problem: Building the Dagbanli Dictionary for Offline Use], by Mohammed Sadat Abdulai and Mohammed Awal Alhassan * Papers: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-026-05621-1 Optimising university web visibility: strategies using Wikidata identifiers and statements in Webometrics rankings] By Backory et al., (2026), this study analyses Webometrics rankings of universities, applying clustering algorithms (K-means, hierarchical clustering, fuzzy C-means, GMM, and DBSCAN) to identify which identifiers and statements the top-ranked institutions have in common on their Wikidata entities. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8qG2QxqsQE OKI Internship 2026 - Wikidata & Screening Test Preparation] - Part of the Open Knowledge Initiative, hosted by Ankit V & Kasyap P. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnOHrG_nVvY Charted Roots - Genealogy and worldbuilding in Obsidian] - includes an example of linking to Wikidata to quickly add location data to your visualised family history. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://hay.toolforge.org/depictor/index.php Depictor] by Hay Kranen is a tool that add structured data statements to Wikimedia Commons using a game-like interface ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://librarycarpentry.github.io/lc-wikidata/01-introduction.html What is Wikidata? - Library Carpentry] is part of ''The Carpentries'', a registered non-profit teaching foundational coding and data science skills. They recently updated their introductory course to Wikidata and knowledge graph concepts. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14344|‎ocremix.org game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/especially|especially]] (<nowiki>qualifier for statements to refine a value that applies more generally, but applies especially to a more specific value; a more specific qualifier than "including" (P1012)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/independent of theory|independent of theory]] (<nowiki>theory that proves neither this proposition nor its negation</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EPBC conservation status|EPBC conservation status]] (<nowiki>the conservation status from the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 assigned by the Australian Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/part of discography|part of discography]] (<nowiki>discography that this musical release is a part of</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Thai Government Agency GFMIS Code|Thai Government Agency GFMIS Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Conlang Database ID|Conlang Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Plataforma Acácia|Plataforma Acácia]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Observatório Terras Quilombolas|Observatório Terras Quilombolas]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LMTA folkloro archyvo ID|LMTA folkloro archyvo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kulturdenkmal-ID Rheinland-Pfalz|Kulturdenkmal-ID Rheinland-Pfalz]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profile ID|UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Код Вестра|Код Вестра]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/19star performer ID|19star performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EM-DAT disaster number|EM-DAT disaster number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ColBase ID|ColBase ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIOSOP ID|BIOSOP ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIOKAND ID|BIOKAND ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://query-chest.toolforge.org/redirect/0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002BJC71J4LUqy0w0MAAygQUkoMc46KQ2QeA28GuQ6saU Depthness of subway stations in meters] (by [[User:Bouzinac|Bouzinac]]) * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/children_of_unborn_parents|Children of unborn parents]], this list shows the child entity's birth date predates the parent entity's birth date: good candidates to check if the birth and relationship statements need correcting. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q41178|Haïlé Sélassié Ier]] - Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L9704|slide (L9704)]] - English noun (slaɪd) meaning "a photographic transparency", "a playground or gym apparatus", or "a mass movement of earth or snow" ''' Development ''' * The Wikibase Reuse team continued their work on ensuring [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413655 language fallback works for labels of linked entities in GraphQL] and on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421994 refactoring wbsearchentities] * The Wikidata team worked on explored how to reduce load for low data users [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400325 T400325], fixed some bugs on the new mobile editing on Items [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418110 T418110], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414454 T414454] and improved some error messages [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T417797 T417797], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412145 T412145] * In the WIT team, engineering continued working on the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419823 LilDiffCheck prototype] [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/South_Korea|South Korea]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:04, 20 April 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30424079 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 April 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/News and notes|Six Serbian Wikipedia editors banned following controversy about political bias]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/In the media|Could Wikipedia be involved in Massachusetts' proposed social media ban for minors?]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Gallery|March equinox]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Traffic report|Time to change my galaxy in case, we outta space!]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Comix|Of skirts and articles]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 06:50, 21 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30434643 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:04, 27 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30449041 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #729 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-04-27. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#728]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: '''[[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Yamato_Shiya|Yamato Shiya]]''' - Congratulations to our newest Admin! * New requests for permissions/Bot: '''[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Chamiln17@FineWiki|Chamiln17@FineWiki]]''' - '''Task/s:''' Read-only Wikidata entity cache build for an academic temporal language model dataset. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: Next [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] session — 28 April 2026 at 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST. This session covers QuickStatements 3.0, the updated batch-editing tool for Wikidata, redeveloped by Wikimedia Brasil with support from Wikimedia Deutschland, featuring a modern interface and improved performance. Watch the previous session recording: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkd_W_K2CEQ on youtube]. More details: [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/QuickStatements3 | QuickStatements3]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/10/the-gballi-browser-designing-for-the-dagbanli-alphabet/ The Gballi Browser: Designing for the Dagbanli Alphabet], by Mohammed Sadat Abdulai and Mohammed Awal Alhassan ** [[DiffBlog:2026/04/21/building-visibility-for-african-women-on-wikimedia-the-empowerher-fellowship|Building Visibility for African Women on Wikimedia: The EmpowerHer Fellowship]] by Andikan Efiok Eduok. * Papers: ** [https://openhumanitiesdata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/johd.430 Call for Edits Nearby: Open Archives Metadata from Saxony] by J. Bemme & M. Munke (2026), latest paper in the Journal of Open Humanities Data series. ** (Deutsch) [PDF] [https://arthist.net/reviews/52225/view=pdf Art History Loves Wiki 2026 | digital/local.collection loves wiki] - report from ArtHist.net on the recent 3rd edition of the conference, held at the Museum Schnütgen, Köln, from 27 – 29 March. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GAI0MXlYBE Live Wikidata Editing, #121] with Jan Ainali and Abbe98. ** (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ci-TFUyvnAU Build with Wikimedia open data: APIs, SPARQL and visualization] with Carla Toro Fernández, Director Technology WM Chile. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mehivb26qI Every Airport Ever Built (1909-2024)] - an animated map showing where and when airports were built. Powered by Wikidata and OurAirports. ** (Catalan) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xFbsSRMncs Barcelona Free Software: How to use Wikidata to make public domain digital works visible?], [[d:User:Hiperterminal|User:Hiperterminal]] presents Paulina, discusses the work done in digitising collections and how to make public domain works visible. * Notebooks: [https://observablehq.com/@pac02/does-the-country-of-birth-affect-the-likelihood-of Does the country of birth affect the likelihood of having a Wikipedia biography?] by [[User:PAC2]] ''' Tools of the week ''' * [https://app.wikitime.live/ The Human History Atlas (WikiTime)], a browser-based atlas that uses Wikidata and Wikipedia-sourced data to construct timelines and allows exploration of significant historical events. * [https://olympians.toolforge.org/athletes Wikilympians], a real-time list of all 153,412 known Olympic competitors with Wikidata and Wikipedia coverage statistics ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikibase Suite 7.0 and Wikibase Suite Deploy 7.0.0 have been launched! It brings Wikibase closer to feature parity with Wikidata. Here's what's in the latest release: ** [[mw:Extension:Echo|Echo Extension]]: User activity alerts and notifications. ** [[mw:Extension:DiscussionTools|Discussion Tools Extension]]: Set of tools to enhance discussion pages. ** [[mw:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts|Temporary Accounts]]: The support for temporary accounts without IP address exposure has been added. It will, however, remain disabled by default, in line with Wikibase Cloud. ** Grouped External Identifiers (https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310898): External identifiers are now grouped on entity pages for better readability. ** “Mul” (multi-language) support: Adds support for multi-language values. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14345|perspective]] (<nowiki>point of view for an image of an object, for example an anatomical structure (ventral, dorsal, frontal)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14347|Bavarian natural monuments ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for natural monuments in Bavaria (Germany), issued by the Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14351|‎audio version of text]] (<nowiki>The audio version of a text (e.g. book). Not the audio version of the Wikipedia article about the text (e.g. book).</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14359|‎motive]] (<nowiki>verified reasoning behind an action</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14360|‎award category or rank]] (<nowiki>(qualifier of P166) specific category or rank of an award received, for awards with more than one category or rank</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14346|‎BE-monumen ID]], [[:d:Property:P14348|Team Norway athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P14349|‎Kantonsspital St.Gallen author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14350|‎Consumer Rights Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14353|Central Registration Number (Indonesia Military)]], [[:d:Property:P14354|‎Conlang Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14355|EM-DAT disaster number]], [[:d:Property:P14356|UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profile ID]], [[:d:Property:P14357|‎EDAM Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P14358|‎Turkey province ID]], [[:d:Property:P14361|Kvinnehistorie.no topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14362|CNVD-ID]], [[:d:Property:P14363|GiveSendGo fundraising ID]], [[:d:Property:P14364|radiko person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14365|Wikiparfum brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14366|‎Turkey district ID]], [[:d:Property:P14367|OSDev article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/different from property|different from property]] (<nowiki>This property is to be distinguished from the other property</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SELL rating|SELL rating]] (<nowiki>classification in the Syndicat des éditeurs de logiciels de loisirs rating system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/time expansion|time expansion]] (<nowiki>factor by which a recording's duration has been extended or compressed relative to the original real-time event, without pitch correction; values greater than 1 indicate time expansion (e.g. 10 = ten times longer than real life, pitch lowered tenfold); values less than 1 indicate time compression (e.g. 0.1 = ten times shorter, pitch raised tenfold); 1 = real-time</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parental Advisory System rating|Parental Advisory System rating]] (<nowiki>content rating for coin-operated video games</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINEFOX film ID (reproposal)|CINEFOX film ID (reproposal)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINEFOX parson ID (reproposal)|CINEFOX parson ID (reproposal)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VK video ID|VK video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brew TV|Brew TV]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CycleBase cyclist ID (new)|CycleBase cyclist ID (new)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Royal Australian Air Force service number|Royal Australian Air Force service number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Files of the Reich Chancellery ID|Files of the Reich Chancellery ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/MDpD List of treaties/truces in the time] by [[:d:User:Bouzinac | Bouzinac ]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Occupations|WikiProject Occupations]] for enriching items [[d:Property:P106|occupation ''<small>(P106)</small>'']], [[d:Q12737077|occupation ''<small>(Q12737077)</small>'']] with data verified from official national occupation classification systems. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/without_claims_by_site|Without Claims by Site]] - this report will list how many Wikidata Items have 0 Statements, with a linked Wiki Article/page. Click ''reports/all items'' for a per wiki list, and consider expanding. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q845661|Okazaki fragments]] - short DNA sequences synthesized discontinuously during DNA replication * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L29733|transfer (L29733)]] - English noun/verb (ˈtræns.fɜːr) meaning "to move from one place to another", "a sports team member moving to another team", or "a ticket allowing continuation of a journey" ''' Development ''' * Query Service: It is now possible to download query results in Wikidata Query Service that include coordinates as KML & GPX (GeoJSON has been available since last year). Text from the first column in the results is used as the value for naming POIs. Thanks again to Atom.oil.2 for the patch. ([[phab:T414376]]) * The Wikidata team continued working on a prototype to make WikiProjects more visible ([[phab:T420907]]) and made the new Wikidata mobile UI use auto-resizing text areas instead of single-line text inputs, in order to make longer values easier to edit ([[phab:T414420]]) * The Wikidata Integrations team now has a working prototype of LilDiffCheck, injecting wikidata changes into recent changes only if there was a change on the wikipedia html ([[phab:T421390]]) * Language fallback will be available this week on the labels of linked entities functionality in GraphQL ([[phab:T413655]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Main dashboard|field of work]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:28, 27 April 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30424079 --> == This Month in Education: April 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 16:01, 27 April 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30406002 --> == Tech News: 2026-18 == <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:03, 27 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:16, 4 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30464799 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #730 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-05-04. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#729]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Chamiln17@FineWiki|Chamiln17@FineWiki]] - Task: This bot performs a read-only cache build for an academic temporal language model dataset. * Other: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Ontology/Status of Ontology Classes and Properties|better tools to support constraints implied by properties like disjoint union of]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects Days 2026|WikiProjects Days 2026]] (online, June 19 to 21). A community gathering focused on making WikiProjects more useful, visible, and alive. [[d:Event talk:WikiProjects Days 2026|Propose a session]] (deadline for proposals: May 26, 2026) or register now. ** [[m:Language_Diversity_Conference/Submissions|Language Diversity Conference]] - Call for Submissions ends 15 May 2026. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/29/wikidata-community-summit-2026-coscup-call-for-proposals/ Wikidata Community Summit 2026 @ COSCUP] - Call for Proposals ends May 9, 2026. ** [https://www.laguardia.edu/event/lic-photo-walking-tourwikipedia-workshop/ LIC Photo Walking Tour + Wikipedia & Wikidata Workshop] - May 16, 12:30 - 16:00 EDT (UTC-4). A historical walking tour of Long Island City, New York, concluding with a Wiki-skills workshop at LaGuardia. Registration on the event link. * Ongoing: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Coordinate_Me_2026|COORDINATE ME 2026]] - a Wikidata competition for geolocatable content has just started and ends 31 May 2026. Visit the link for details on how to participate. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://christianmahnke.de/en/post/blog-visualisation/ Visualised Blog metadata through SPARQL queries] - ChristianMahnke blog. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/04/22/mozilla-common-voice-meets-wikidata-how-the-dagbanli-dictionary-got-audio-usage-examples/ Mozilla Common Voice Meets Wikidata (How the Dagbanli Dictionary Got Audio Usage Examples)] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/03/wiki-loves-mother-tongue-2026-in-the-igbo-community/ Wiki Loves Mother Tongue 2026 in the Igbo Community] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/04/eduwiki-workshop-highlights-practical-uses-of-wikimedia-commons-in-education/ EduWiki Workshop Highlights Practical Uses of Wikimedia Commons in Education] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/02/recap-wiki-for-human-rights-lgbtiq-nigeria-february-and-march-training/ Recap: Wiki for Human Rights, LGBTIQ+ Nigeria, February and March Training] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/01/the-new-artfeminisms-wikidata-modules-are-here/ The new Art+Feminism’s Wikidata Modules are here!] * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lEyzX98BFE Panel on Wikidata and public domain in Colombia] (Spanish): on April 24th, the National Library of Colombia, The Cultural Network of the Bank of the Republic of Colombia, Wikimedia Colombia and Fundación Conector discussed about digital heritage and Wikidata, its challenges and opportunities for collaboration. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAnnn-Bk7Tk Wikibase - an introduction by Jason Evans] (Open Data Manager, National Library of Wales). Produced by the Wikimedian in Residence channel, University of Edinburgh. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OV4aL2PdjIc A uMap based on Wikidata] - a use-case of Holy Wells located in Ireland, associated with female Saints, powered by Wikidata and OpenStreetMap. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViOkEYQLggM Wikifunctions in practice: Reusable Logic for Wikimedia] - Presentation given by Toby Hudson ([[d:User:99of9|User:99of9]]) at the Wikiconference Australia 2026. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qYi3xPtB8I Mentor Me! Session 3A] - This in-person and hands-on session is provided by the Wikimedia Tyap User Group, and continues in the following sessions: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4b6Y3w4_ME Mentor Me! Session 3B] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2QM5RdJhl0 Mentor Me! Session 3C]. Led by Gwakhap D. Anthony, it will cover how to document languages with Wikidata lexemes. * Africa Wiki Women: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mrF98BA1SM Linking images from Commons to Wikidata and Wikipedia] - how images are used across the Projects with examples documenting African Women. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fANX6mDde5A Newbies Monthly Meetup for Africa Wiki Women] - further training and introductory skills for Wikidata and how it interacts with the other Wikimedia Projects. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvatmrH1uhQ EditHer Africa Contest (April)] - a beginner-friendly hands-on Wikidata item creation guide and launch of the monthly contest, with a focus on African Women in Works and Leadership. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://openhistory.app OpenHistory] – interactive historical atlas of 21k+ Wikidata-sourced historical events, polities, and territories on a timeline+map. SPARQL-driven pipeline, MIT/CC BY-SA. ([https://github.com/kdhillon/openhistory GitHub]) ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://wikitrivia.tomjwatson.com/ WikiTrivia] - the webgame about putting historical events in the correct order recently got a huge update, thanks to creator Tom Watson. * [[mw:Wikimedia_APIs/Rate_limits|Wikimedia API's / Rate limits]] - new rate limits are being added for all Wikimedia projects, to ensure sustainable use to the REST an ACTION API's. If you operate a bot and it has recently started producing an error message for producing too many API requests, please consult the linked MediaWiki page and amend your bot as needed. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P14387|‎meta-category for]] (<nowiki>topic or class of items covered by the lowest categories in this meta-category's hierarchy</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14368|KISTI article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14369|FISH Monument Types Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P14370|FISH Evidence Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P14371|Organization in cooperation with ISO ID]], [[:d:Property:P14372|ScriptSource script code]], [[:d:Property:P14373|‎ScriptSource language code]], [[:d:Property:P14374|Tube8 performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14375|Bundestag Group Minutes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14376|Westra code]], [[:d:Property:P14377|Myrotvorets ID]], [[:d:Property:P14378|‎Irish State Administration Database Unit ID]], [[:d:Property:P14379|Hessische Parlamentarismusgeschichte Abgeordneten-ID]], [[:d:Property:P14380|YouPorn performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14381|‎GFMIS Agency Code]], [[:d:Property:P14382|‎Royal Australian Air Force service number]], [[:d:Property:P14383|‎Plataforma Acácia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14384|‎Observatório Terras Quilombolas ID]], [[:d:Property:P14385|BIOSOP ID]], [[:d:Property:P14386|BIOKAND ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/(found) liable of|(found) liable of]] (<nowiki>tort or civil wrong a person or organization was found liable of</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DMCA takedown policy URL|DMCA takedown policy URL]] (<nowiki>DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) takedown policy or submitting page of this hosting site or UGC (User Generated Content) distributor</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/18 U.S.C. § 2257 policy URL|18 U.S.C. § 2257 policy URL]] (<nowiki>age requirement documentation URL statement of this website or company</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/monolingual text name properties|monolingual text name properties]] (<nowiki>(with an associated language code) name by which a subject is recorded in a database, mentioned as a contributor of a work, or is referred to in a particular context</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gidrologicheskaya Izuchennost Code|Gidrologicheskaya Izuchennost Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/QBWiki article ID|QBWiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dijital İstanbul ID|Dijital İstanbul ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NaPTAN stop area code|NaPTAN stop area code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant Cairn d'un éditeur|Identifiant Cairn d'un éditeur]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Darwin Correspondence person ID|Darwin Correspondence person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ACM Digital Library institution ID|ACM Digital Library institution ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SensCritique person ID|SensCritique person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ National Archives of Japan Digital Archive ID| National Archives of Japan Digital Archive ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VGs drapsoversikt ID|VGs drapsoversikt ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Semanticscience Integrated Ontology ID|Semanticscience Integrated Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Senkyo.com|Senkyo.com]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Objectif plumes author pages|Objectif plumes author pages]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Maoyan personage ID|Maoyan personage ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/critify.de publication ID|critify.de publication ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BookNotification author ID|BookNotification author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/MR9w Script style of manuscript Qur'ans] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Early_Modern_Silesia|Early Modern Silesia]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Tango|Tango]] * WikiProject Highlights: WikiProject Ontology has gathered a [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course/Projects_Offering_2|list of potential projects]] for the second offering of the Wikidata Ontology course, and has published a subpage to discuss the future of [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Status_of_Ontology_Classes_and_Properties|Ontology Classes and Properties]]. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/unmarked_supercentenarians|Unmarked Supercentenarians]] - this list displays humans who do not have a claim ''supercentenarian (Q1200828)'' (or ''alleged supercentenarian (Q106991708)''), but the difference between their Date of Birth and Date of Death is greater than 110 years. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q174284|Raiders of the Lost Ark]] - a 1981 film directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Harrison Ford, Karen Allen, and John Rhys-Davies. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L2205|gje (L2205)]] - Norwegian verb (jeː) meaning "to give", "to perform/hold", or "to diminish in strength" ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We continued fixing issues uncovered in testing * WikiProjects: We are working on adding links to the sidebar of Items to lead people to the respective WikiProjects for that Item. This way we hope to help people more easily find data modelling documentation as well as other editors interested in the same topic. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:51, 4 May 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30424079 --> == Tech News: 2026-19 == <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:40, 4 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:53, 11 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30513945 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue IV, April 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: How the GLAM Community Can Shine in the 2026–27 Annual Plan * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: WikiConf Argentina and GLAM projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Asia report|Asia report]]: Documenting and citing oral knowledge in audio and video * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: WikiCon Australia, ICIP, Orphan works and Trans-Tasman partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikimedia Brasil publishes book on the power and challenges of free knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We celebrate Public Domain Day with an expert panel / Celebramos el día del dominio público con un Panel de expertas * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ongoing and New GLAM-Wiki Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime event at Auckland Museum & an update for WiR NZBSI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD in Action: Digitization, Wikisource and Educational Workshops * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Developments: Residencies, Partnerships and Audiovisual Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: April in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Le Donne di Villa Massimo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A tenth-century Quran and Islamic Art in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki MIT launches and US meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Update on the BHL Annual Meeting 27 April - 1 May & BHL Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Eight new articles on MoW inscriptions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:51, 11 May 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30513880 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #731 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-05-11. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#730]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/AAU_Research_NLP_Bot,_1|AAU Research NLP Bot 1]] - Task(s): Querying Wikidata for entities and relations and paths between them. From 1-hop until 3-hops. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:User:MarisDreshmanisBot|MarisDreshmanisBot]] (formerly ''ReNeuralAgent Bot'') has been approved after a community intervention, see the discussion [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot#Maris_Dreshmanis_—_ReNeuralAgent|here]]. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** '''[[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026|WikiProjects Days 2026]]''' will take place between '''19 - 21 June'''.<br>WikiProjects are crucial to improving data quality and onboarding newcomers to specific areas of Wikidata. This event is the place for all editors to discover WikiProjects, find ones to join, learn about their modelling practices and how to improve the content and tools of your favourite WikiProjects. '''[[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3670|Register here]]''' to get any news or updates about this new Wikidata X Days event. The '''Call for Proposals''' is open! If you have an idea for a session, please '''[[d:Event_talk:WikiProjects_Days_2026|submit it here]]''' by '''26 May'''. ** [[d:Event:Wikidata Live Editing 122|Wikidata Live Editing]], 11 May ** [https://ai-bridges.org/2026/02/13/symposium/ AI Bridges Symposium] is taking place at ''Senate House, University of London'' across 28 and 29 May. (Free) Registration for this on-site event closes 21 May. The event will begin with introductions to Wikidata, Wikibase, connecting AI with Wikidata and follow on day 2 bringing the full ecosystem together for dialogue, debate, and collaborative action. * Ongoing: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Coordinate_Me_2026|Coordinate Me 2026]] - edit items with a [[d:Property:P625|P625 ''(coordinate location)'']] from the focus countries and be in the running for a prize. Ends 31 May 2026. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/08/building-wikimedia-tools-in-northern-nigeria-the-arewa-techcom-hackathon/ Building Wikimedia tools in Northern Nigeria: launch of Arewa TechCom through the Arewa Wikimedia Hackathon 2026] ** [https://addshore.com/tag/wikibase-world/ Editing wikibase.world (a MediaWiki site), with Jules (an AI agent)] by Addshore. ** [https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/libraries-ai-infrastructure-african-edition-stuart-michael-edelenbos-bsage/ Libraries as AI Infrastructure: The African Edition] - reflections on overlooked African contributions to linked data and AI infrastructure, highlighting Wikibase-powered projects African Literary Metadata (ALMEDA) and Nigeria’s Semantic Name Authority Recognition (SNAR). By Stuart Michael Edelenbos ** [https://www.tabakalera.eus/en/tabakalera-has-promoted-open-access-cultural-knowledge-linking-medialab-catalogue-wikidata Tabakalera promotes open access to cultural knowledge by linking their medialab catalogue to Wikidata] ** [https://blog.stoa.org/archives/4398 The Stoa: a Review for Digital Classics - report on Linked Pasts 11 - Epigraphic Data in Wikidata, from Ontology to Practice] ** [[Diffblog:technical-tinkering-for-commonsdb-at-the-wikimedia-hackathon/|Technical tinkering for CommonsDB at the WM Hackathon]] by Ainali. ** [https://www.ezrabrand.com/p/introducing-index-historical-jewish-figures Ezra Brand - Introducing a New Index of Biblical, Talmudic, and Medieval Jewish Figures] - Wikidata helps index and categorise Jewish figures into distinct periods. ** (Deutsch) [https://arthist.net/archive/52383 ArtHist: New Art-Historical Resource on the Web] and [https://blog.tib.eu/2026/05/11/eingepraegte-geschichte-das-meistersiegel-wiki-ist-online/ TIB Blog: Embossed story – the Meistersiegel-Wiki is online] are both articles about the new ''Meistersiegel'' Wikibase instance. * Papers: [https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/dco/issue/view/7602 Volume 12,2] of [[:d:Q130266048|Digital Classics Online]] contains many papers regarding the use Wikidata and Wikibase in the field of Classics: ** [https://doi.org/10.11588/dco.2026.12.112296 ''Hypotheseis, a Database of Named Entities Surrounding Greek Rhetorical Exercises''] by [[:d:User:Epìdosis|Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo]] ** [https://doi.org/10.11588/dco.2026.12.112294 ''Altinum: a Wikidata Project for Digital Epigraphy and Prosopography''] by [[:d:User:Anna Clara Maniero Azzolini|Anna Clara Maniero Azzolini]] ** [https://doi.org/10.11588/dco.2026.12.112287 ''The NIKAW Project: An Infrastructure of Texts, Entities and Language Models to Study the Circulation of Knowledge in the Ancient World''] by [[:d:User:Ake1990|Margherita Fantoli]] * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGcTriZO6dA OpenDataDEx - Exploring Supreme Court Rulings in Wikidata], for The Knowledge Commons project. Try it out for yourself: [https://opendatadex.com/ Open Data Explorer] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hGsdryuQwTI Wikidata: Introduction and Basics] - an introductory session provided by WMUG Uganda. ** (Arabic) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i67lJQfGPFg Introduction to Wikidata] hosted by Michel Bakhni for the channel: ''Wikimedia group for those interested in Islamic civilization'' * Presentations: ** (Deutsch) [[c:File:Wikidata_in_Museen,_Archiven_und_Bibliotheken.pdf|Wikidata in Museums, Archives and Libraries]] ** [[c:File:Wikicite_2025_white_paper_summary.pdf|White Paper (PDF) - Wikidata Days and Wikicite (2025)]] - Open bibliographic metadata in practice, what was learned in Bern and what libraries and the community can do next. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://opendatadex.com/ Open Data DEx Explorer] - ''"an interactive graph visualizer of semantic Open Data. Relationships are discovered heuristically and a graph structure created in real time, allowing navigation and insight into raw data without building formal ontologies."''Read more on [https://theknowledgecommons.org/ The Knowledge Commons blog], by Michelle Tomlyn. * [https://gapmap.wiki GapMap.Wiki] - explore knowledge gaps between different language Wikipedia's. GapMap identifies Wikipedia articles that exist in many languages but missing from the target, helping editors prioritize which articles to translate or create. No AI is used, just comparing publicly available databases. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Mobile editors can now edit all datatypes directly in the mobile view. To help improve this new interface, Wikimedia Deutschland is looking for volunteers (especially editors from Right-to-left languages) for UX testing sessions. Participants will be compensated for their time. Sign up [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/bo2e7e2a/apply here] (greatquestion) and learn more on the project page: [[d:Wikidata:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14392|‎energy density]] (<nowiki>amount of energy extractable from a substance (e.g. in a combustion engine) per unit of volume or of mass</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14401|‎Parental Advisory System rating]] (<nowiki>content rating for coin-operated video games</nowiki>) * Newest External identifierss: [[:d:Property:P14388|Cyprus company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14389|‎DBNL title ID]], [[:d:Property:P14390|ShotOnWhat film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14391|‎Shinmei database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14394|‎ColBase ID]], [[:d:Property:P14395|Lubimyczytać version/edition ID]], [[:d:Property:P14396|Files of the Reich Chancellery ID]], [[:d:Property:P14397|‎Darwin Correspondence person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14399|‎Gidrologicheskaya Izuchennost Code]], [[:d:Property:P14403|‎Brew TV movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14404|National Archives of Japan Digital Archive ID]], [[:d:Property:P14405|PlayStation Trophies trophy ID]], [[:d:Property:P14406|Tax Identification Number (Spain)]], [[:d:Property:P14407|‎19star actor ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/concentration camp prisoner number|concentration camp prisoner number]] (<nowiki>registration or prisoner number assigned to a person in camps operated under Nazi persecution between 1933 and 1945</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID für Kulturdenkmale in Lübeck|ID für Kulturdenkmale in Lübeck]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Datenbank-ID für Kulturdenkmale in Lübeck|Datenbank-ID für Kulturdenkmale in Lübeck]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Prime Video URL ID|Prime Video URL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Prime Video GTI|Prime Video GTI]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Portable Antiquities Scheme record ID|Portable Antiquities Scheme record ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) éditeurice dans le DEF19 2.0|Identifiant d'un(e) éditeurice dans le DEF19 2.0]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple TV parson ID|Apple TV parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINEMATODAY film ID|CINEMATODAY film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Verfassungsblog author ID|Verfassungsblog author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Blätter author ID|Blätter author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EGAFD film ID|EGAFD film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum of Canadian Music artist ID|Museum of Canadian Music artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum of Canadian Music work ID|Museum of Canadian Music work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BGAFD film ID|BGAFD film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Movielens ID|Movielens ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Instrumentalistinnen-Lexikon ID|Instrumentalistinnen-Lexikon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/parliament.scot member ID|parliament.scot member ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Space/Queries#Astronauts_members_of_space_missions|Astronauts members of Space Missions]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Horse_racing/Queries#All_horses|All Horses in Wikidata]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Horse racing|Project Horse Racing]] : On topics relating to horse racing. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_William_%26_Mary_Law_School_EMCO|Project William & May Law School EMCO]] - to create and enhance entities for persons and corporate bodies related to the law school, for use in the library's metadata and archival work. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Part_2:_How_to_use_QuickStatements_3.0_to_upload_data_to_Wikidata_for_Govdirectory|Project GovDirectory: How to use QuickStatements 3.0 to add data to GovDir]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course/Projects_Offering_2/Modelling_Dictionary_Usage_Labels_in_Wikidata|Ontology Course: Projects Offering 2]] - Modelling Dictionary Usage Labels in Wikidata, Roots and Rhythms: Modelling music as cultural heritage. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q208108|Catch Me If You Can]] - a 2002 film by Steven Spielberg starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks. A dramatic re-telling of the life and exploits of serial confidence man Frank Abegnale Jr., ironically the events of the film were later found to be mostly fabricated. ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We are continuing to improve the UX and fix issues uncovered in testing * Making WikiProjects more visible: We are working on adding links to the sidebar menu of Items to make it easier for people to find the WikiProject(s) associated with an Item, find like-minded people and learn about data modelling conventions etc in that particular area * Query Service: The service is being hit quite heavily and the Wikidata Platform team is working on blocking scrapers and misbehaving tools * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: We are continuing our experiment to further reduce the amount of Wikidata changes that show up on Recent changes and Watchlist but don't actually change the article. Specifically we are looking at checking if there is any difference in the rendered article before and after the change coming from Wikidata [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory|public universities]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:21, 11 May 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30513889 --> == Tech News: 2026-20 == <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:18, 11 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026 == [[File:Wiki Loves Eurovision edit-a-thon logo 2026.svg|right|250px]] Hello everyone! You are invited to participate in the "[[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|Wiki Loves Eurovision]]" article writing contest, where our goal is to create new Eurovision-related articles in the CEE-language Wikipedia editions and improve existing ones. The contest will take place from May 10 to June 10, 2026, and prizes are available: * 1st prize: a voucher worth €60 * 2nd prize: a voucher worth €50 * 3rd prize: a voucher worth €40 * 4th–10th prize: a voucher worth €30 To participate in the contest and learn more, please visit [[meta:Wiki Loves Eurovision 2026|this link]]. --[[User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub]] ([[User talk:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub|talk]]) 14:00, 16 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MHeidarzadeh-CEEhub@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=30513878 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #732 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-05-18. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#731]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/PatsaBot 1|PatsaBot 1]] - '''Task/s:''' Add sitelink from [[Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Taxonomy/|Template:Taxonomy/*]] on thwiki to same entry from enwiki and update Thai description from generic template format to "แม่แบบอนุกรมวิธาน" (taxonomy template). **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/MarisDreshmanisBot 2|MarisDreshmanisBot 2]] - '''Task/s:''' Create occupation Q-items and add native-language labels on existing occupation Q-items from 33 state-issued national occupation classifiers (165 national registries, 154 countries, ~30,000 new Q-items, ~120,000 native labels across 53 languages). **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/ias-kbase|ias-kbase]] - '''Task/s:''' Read-only bulk entity lookups for an internal knowledge graph project. Fetches labels, claims, and sitelinks from Wikidata and intro-paragraph extracts from English Wikipedia. No writes. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Reminder: Propose a session for [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026|WikiProject Days 2026]]. Your proposal can be just one or two sentences. Suggestions include topics on how to use WikiProjects to connect with others and improve data modelling, how to revive a neglected WikiProject, and what makes a good WikiProject. [[d:Event talk:WikiProjects Days 2026|Propose a session now]]. Deadline Sunday May 24. ** Wikimedia Indonesia is hosting the [[:c:Commons:Kompetisi Penyajian Data|2026 Data Visualization Competition]] from 10th to 31st May 2026. We welcome visualization and essay submissions from Indonesian participants on various topics ranging from Indonesian history to biological diversity. ** [[d:Event:Swedish online editathon 300|The three-hundred online Wikidata meetup in Swedish]], May 24 ** [https://www.gw.uni-hamburg.de/ueber-die-fakultaet/digital-humanities/dh-lab/veranstaltungen/26-05-27-hands-on-wiki.html Wikidata: An Open Knowledge Graph for Research and Beyond], a workshop on-site at the Digital Humanities Lab (C2003), University Hamburg, 27 May, 14:15 – 15:45 CEST. Registration (via link). ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://forum.mapillary.com/t/easy-way-to-add-imagery-to-wikipedia-and-wikidata-items-with-wikishootme-and-mapillary/10375 Easy way to add images to Wikipedia & Wikidata items, with WikiShootMe and Mapillary] * Papers: ** [https://www.jlis.it/index.php/jlis/article/view/698 ''Wikidata and authority files: reconciliation and cooperation procedures''] by [[:d:User:Epìdosis|Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo]]: an overview of the interactions between Wikidata and library authority files and of the usage of Wikibase by library authority files up to July 2025 ** [https://www.jlis.it/index.php/jlis/article/view/675 ''Institutional practices in gender recording: an analysis of National Libraries''] by Novaes de Mendonça, and Ana Carolina Simionato Arakaki: contains references to Wikidata and its interconnection with library authority files ** [https://www.aidainformazioni.it/index.php/aidainformazioni/article/view/350 ''Modellizzazione delle conoscenze: Thesaurus Nuovo soggettario e Wikidata, due strumenti a confronto''] by [[:d:User:Elena Cencetti|Elena Cencetti]], Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo and [[:d:User:Elisabetta Viti2|Elisabetta Viti]] (in Italian): a detailed comparison of Wikidata and the [[:d:Q16583225|Nuovo soggettario Thesaurus]] as knowledge organization systems, with a case study regarding the reconciliation with Wikidata of a group of terms of the Nuovo soggettario Thesaurus regarding photography * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fubhBJGz6YQ Curating shared knowledge about artifacts on Wikidata] with Till Grallert, it explores how the Jarāʾid project used Wikidata to build a multilingual, open knowledge graph of pre-1930 Arabic periodicals. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_oAlLw5CHs LIVE Wikidata editing #122] with User:Ainali and User:Abbe98 do some live editing on Wikidata (in English), and discuss the thought process of what they are doing and why they do it. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIoQFWGDb90 Every Major Oil and Gas Pipeline in History Mapped] - a visualisation utilising Wikidata, OpenStreetmap, Wikipedia and Global Energy Monitor. *Presentations **[[c:File:Reseau_LGBTQI_2026_-_John_SAMUEL.pdf|La fabrique collective des histoires queer dans les communs numériques]]. Presentation by [[User:Jsamwrites|John Samuel]] and panel, 2e Rencontres du Reseau Jeune Recherche LGBTQI+, Université Lyon 1, 12 May 2026 ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://prop-explorer.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Property Explorer] is a tool by user Steven Liu. The tool is used for exploring Wikidata properties * [https://securitybaseline.eu securitybaseline] use Wikidata to get the domain names for institutions ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://maproulette.org/browse/challenges/55009 MapRoulette Challenge (Chile)]: Improve heritage-related items around Santiago, Chile, linking them to Wikidata and OpenStreetMap. * The Wikidata Platform team has published its [[D:Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/Backend_Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata_Query_Service/WDQS_Architecture_re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[D:Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/High-Impact_Use_Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[D:Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[D:Wikidata:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[D:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14408|contains cadastral area]] (<nowiki>cadastral area that is wholly or partly contained by a municipality</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14413|algebraic closure]] (<nowiki>‎algebraic closure of the field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14414|real closure]] (<nowiki>real closure of the formally real field</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14415|eusocial caste]] (<nowiki>specialized type of an eusocial animal</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14416|Wikimedia Commons content descriptor]] (<nowiki>Wikimedia Commons content descriptor which applies to this media file</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14424|‎time expansion]] (<nowiki>factor by which a recording's duration has been extended or compressed relative to the original real-time event, without pitch correction.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14425|‎SELL rating]] (<nowiki>French video game content rating (1999–2003)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14427|age requirement documentation URL]] (<nowiki>URL for a website's statement of compliance with U.S. legal record-keeping requirements related to visual depictions of actual sexually explicit conduct</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14430|maximum vehicle length]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized length for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14431|maximum vehicle width]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized width for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14432|maximum vehicle weight]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized weight (tonnage / gross vehicle weight) for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment (load limit)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14433|maximum vehicle height]] (<nowiki>maximum authorized height for vehicles (especially heavy goods vehicles) on a bridge, tunnel or road segment (regulatory limit from signage)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14434|‎independent of theory]] (<nowiki>theory that proves neither this proposition nor its negation</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14453|‎gender-neutral form of label]] (<nowiki>form of name or title with no assumption of gender</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14457|subject named as (monolingual text)]] (<nowiki>with an associated language code) name by which a subject is recorded in a database, mentioned as a contributor of a work, or is referred to in a particular context</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14458|alternative name (monolingual text)]] (<nowiki>with an associated language code) qualifier for alternative name(s), given for a subject in a database entry, or preserved in references (even these are no longer the preferred name</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14460|‎CWSAC classification]] (<nowiki>Level of military significance for American Civil War battles as defined by the 1993 Civil War Sites Advisory Commission (CWSAC) report.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14465|DMCA takedown policy URL]] (<nowiki>DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act) takedown policy or submitting page of this hosting site or UGC (User Generated Content) distributor</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14469|election result map]] (<nowiki>map that displays the result of this election</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14471|‎paid-up capital]] (<nowiki>portion of a company’s issued share capital that has been paid by shareholders</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14407|‎19star actor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14409|ACM Digital Library institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P14410|Stockholm public transport stop ID]], [[:d:Property:P14411|Go2Senkyo.com politician ID]], [[:d:Property:P14412|SensCritique person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14417|Census of Italian Architecture since 1945]], [[:d:Property:P14418|CINEFOX film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14419|‎CINEFOX person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14420|Cultural heritage Database-ID in Lübeck]], [[:d:Property:P14422|Dijital İstanbul cultural property ID]], [[:d:Property:P14423|VG homicide ID]], [[:d:Property:P14426|Portable Antiquities Scheme record ID]], [[:d:Property:P14428|‎EGAFD film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14429|Cairn.info publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14435|‎BGAFD film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14436|‎Apple TV person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14437|Blätter author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14438|‎critify.de publication ID]], [[:d:Property:P14439|Semanticscience Integrated Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P14440|Prime Video ID]], [[:d:Property:P14442|Objectif plumes author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14443|‎Museum of Canadian Music artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14444|‎Museum of Canadian Music work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14445|Lübeck Culturul heritage ID]], [[:d:Property:P14446|Rhineland-Palatinate Cultural heritage ID]], [[:d:Property:P14447|DEF19 2.0 publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14449|MovieLens movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14450|Verfassungsblog author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14451|QueenBallers player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14452|NaPTAN stop area code]], [[:d:Property:P14459|CycleBase cyclist ID (new)]], [[:d:Property:P14461|‎Book Notification author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14462|‎Prime Video GTI]], [[:d:Property:P14463|‎parliament.scot member ID]], [[:d:Property:P14464|Instrumentalistinnen-Lexikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14468|Goodreads genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P14470|‎Giant Bomb Wiki ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to reviews: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/contributed to narrative universe|contributed to narrative universe]] (<nowiki>''(no English description proposed yet)''</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Grokipedia page title|Grokipedia page title]] (<nowiki>page title used in a Grokipedia article URL</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/especially|especially]] (<nowiki>qualifier for statements to refine a value that applies more generally, but applies especially to a more specific value; a more specific qualifier than "including" (P1012)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Common Vulnerability Scoring System score|Common Vulnerability Scoring System score]] (<nowiki>Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) score</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Depicts taxon|Depicts taxon]] (<nowiki>depicts taxon</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Still taken from the film|Still taken from the film]] (<nowiki>Still taken from the film</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/StaphBase ID|StaphBase ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Geohashing wiki page|Geohashing wiki page]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant d'un fonds au catalogue collectif de France|identifiant d'un fonds au catalogue collectif de France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Oireachtas bill ID|Oireachtas bill ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Defense Technical Information Center Accession Number|Defense Technical Information Center Accession Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/European System of Accounts ID (Germany)|European System of Accounts ID (Germany)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un éditeur sur OpenEdition|Identifiant d'un éditeur sur OpenEdition]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Natalie ID|Natalie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AV CHANNEL actress ID|AV CHANNEL actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mineral Resources Data System deposit ID|Mineral Resources Data System deposit ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikimedia Phabricator project|Wikimedia Phabricator project]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AWA artist ID|AWA artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rakuten Music artist|Rakuten Music artist]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/recochoku artist ID|recochoku artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant AnnuSéries d'une série télévisée|identifiant AnnuSéries d'une série télévisée]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/NadJ Library of Congress occupations by Label and Lccn no.] ([https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Request_a_query&oldid=2492426393#Getting_'Subject_named_as'_qualifier source]) * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Malaysia/Activity/Datathon/Wiki_x_K-pop_2026:_Datathon|Project Malaysia / Wiki x K-pop 2026 Datathon]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Occupations/Roadmap|Project Occupations / Roadmap]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/SummerCoworking|Project LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group / SummerCoworking]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/children_of_dead_mothers|Children born after Mothers death date]] ''' Development ''' * Tighter connection of the Wikibase Ecosystem: We've been working on making it possible to use Wikidata Items (and later from other Wikibase instances) as values in statements on other Wikibase instances. You can now try it out on a demo system or set up your own test instance to give it a try. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikibaseug@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4RA5JQAJ5MUUDIVHGELWWE7OSSWXV5B/ More details in the announcement]. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are continuing the work on showing less irrelevant changes on recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co by trying to determine if an edit from Wikidata actually changed the rendered article or not * Mobile statement editing: ** We worked on reducing the load for users with limited data ** We are continuing to fix issues uncovered in testing * Making Wikiprojects more visible: We are getting ready for testing of the prototype. We'll be adding links to the respective Wikirojects on Item pages in the tools menu to make it easier for people to find the corresponding Wikiprojects. This is based on statements already on the Item such as specific external IDs. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:03, 18 May 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30539411 --> == Tech News: 2026-21 == <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:18, 18 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:05, 21 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == ''The Signpost'': 22 May 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/News and notes|Offline: Osama Khalid still in prison]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In the media|Indonesian editors, you shall return!]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Disinformation report|Who is a typical paid editor? Who are their typical clients?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Recent research|WikiLambda the Ultimate]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Traffic report|This is where I'll be, so heavenly, so come and dance with me Michael!]] * Forum: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Forum|WikiAnnotate: help us build a dataset of article quality evaluations]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In focus|Demystifying the 2026-27 Annual Plan]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Opinion|Wikipedia isn't a battleground. So why does it feel like one?]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Serendipity|Wikinews: Into the Wikiverse]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Special report|Wikimedia Foundation closes Wikinews after 21 years]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Community view|Wikipedia's traffic drop: more on languages and freshness]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Gallery|Earth Day and Mother's Day]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Comix|Brother, can you spare a page?]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 05:19, 22 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30513885 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as "The Forbidden Fruit"). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a "scientific fraud". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:32, 25 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #733 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-05-25. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#732]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Skolkoll-bot 1|Skolkoll-bot 1]] - '''Task(s)''': Adding Skolverket identifiers and source URLs to Swedish school items ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: Wikicafé May Edition: ''De Wikidata à Wikipédia abstraite : promesses et illusions du savoir structuré (From Wikidata to Abstract Wikipedia: Promises and Illusions of Structured Knowledge)'', Presentation by [[User:Jsamwrites|Jsamwrites]], [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1779793200 May 26, 2026 at 13:00] [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projet:Wikifier_la_science/WikiCaf%C3%A9s video link], organized by [[User:DMontagne en résidence|DMontagne en résidence]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Papers: [[:d:User:Anna Clara Maniero Azzolini|Anna Clara Maniero Azzolini]], [[:d:User:Pietro Ortimini|Pietro Ortimini]], and [[:d:User:Epìdosis|Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo]], [https://www.saeg-papers.it/ultimo-fascicolo#h.6zzzvpg7mcw2 ''Wikibase and Wikidata for Greek and Latin Epigraphy: Modelling, Analysing, and Making Reusable Linked Open Data''] * Videos: [[:d:User:Digitalphilologist|Monica Berti]] and Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo, [https://github.com/SunoikisisDC/SunoikisisDC-2025-2026/wiki/Summer-2026-Session-5 ''Wikidata Queries for Greek and Latin Philology''] (SunoikisisDC, Summer 2026); [[:commons:File:SunoikisisDC Summer 2026 - Wikidata Queries for Greek and Latin Philology.pdf|slides on Commons]] + [https://www.youtube.com/live/HuFZNZ7E9pw video on Youtube]; for more information, cf. the WikiProjects [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Antiquity/Pauly-Wissowa|Antiquity/Pauly-Wissowa]] and [[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject LAGL|LAGL]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://lexemap.toolforge.org/ LexeMap] - is a lexeme coverage mapper that audits Wikidata lexeme data across languages. It runs live SPARQL queries against Wikidata and cross-references against Wiktionary to identify gaps in lexicographical data. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Starting May 28, 2026, the <code>Special:EntityData</code> page will no longer support the PHP‑serialized format (e.g <code>.php</code> URLs). Affected requests will return HTTP errors. Please switch to a stable format like JSON (example: <code>Q42.json</code>). The change is already active on test and beta wikis. ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4SBS3PREJYEAVZU2JSV47ZJWOJJ7YM6/ full announcement]) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14475|‎SIK-ISEA document ID]], [[:d:Property:P14476|identifiant d'un fonds au catalogue collectif de France]], [[:d:Property:P14477|‎StaphBase ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PCBS Locality code|PCBS Locality code]] (<nowiki>Locality Code of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/nameplate image|nameplate image]] (<nowiki>image of a name-plate or similar identifying plate of the subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/photographer|photographer]] (<nowiki>photographer</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant Bibliothèques patrimoniales de Paris|Identifiant Bibliothèques patrimoniales de Paris]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CUEAnexo|CUEAnexo]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia Católica Wikitólica ID|Enciclopedia Católica Wikitólica ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adult Film Database film series ID|Adult Film Database film series ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adult Film Database studio ID|Adult Film Database studio ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Satker ID|Satker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inaproc Instance ID|Inaproc Instance ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/British Libray catalogue ID|British Libray catalogue ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swedish-Danish Dictionary ID|Swedish-Danish Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Roller-results.com skater ID|Roller-results.com skater ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://query.wikidata.org/#%23%20people%20born%20at%20sea%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fperson%20%3FpersonLabel%20%3FplaceLabel%20%3Fdob%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%3Fperson%20wdt%3AP19%20%3Fplace.%0A%20%7B%20%3Fplace%20wdt%3AP31%2Fwdt%3AP279*%20wd%3AQ165.%20%7D%20UNION%20%7B%20%3Fplace%20wdt%3AP31%2Fwdt%3AP279*%20wd%3AQ1229765.%20%7D%0A%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fperson%20wdt%3AP569%20%3Fdob.%20%7D%0A%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0AORDER%20BY%20%3Fdob%20%3FplaceLabel People born at the sea] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataFacts/status/832620159118385154 source]) * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Database_reports/Sitelinks_to_Wiktionary List of items with links to Wiktionary main space.] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66 Boeing(Q66)] ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: ** We continued working on reducing the page size to make it easier on mobile data plans ** We are improving how error messages are shown * Making WikiProjects more visible: We are continuing the work on getting it ready for a first rollout. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:30, 25 May 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30560068 --> == Tech News: 2026-22 == <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:49, 25 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Umuganda"Rwandan community work".jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine. The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:55, 1 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #734 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-01. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#733]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/William Avery Bot 13|William Avery Bot 13]] - '''Task/s:''' ** Per [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-Limotecariu-20260524073600-Request_to_replace_Asturian_term_"*estauxunidense"_with_"d'Estaos_Xuníos"|Project Chat]], replace "''estauxunidense''" in Asturian descriptions with "''d'Estaos Xuníos''". Example manual edits [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q60842075&diff=prev&oldid=2496674720 here] and [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q20821183&diff=prev&oldid=2496674345 here]. ** Also adds a default label, per [[d:Help:Default values for labels and aliases#When should I use default values for labels and aliases?]] and remove redundant labels in the simplest cases. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [https://temporaerhaus.de/termine-und-oeffnungszeiten/ Temporaer Haus: OpenDataMonday], today, 1 June, 19:30 - 22:00 CEST, Augsburger Str. 23-25, 89231 Neu-Ulm. ** [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiKult_Netzwerktreffen_2026 WikiKult Netzwerktreffen 2026: “Wikidata in Kulturerbeinstitutionen”], 11-12th June, Wikimedia Deutschland. German-speaking event for people working with Wikidata in the cultural heritage sector. Open to experienced contributors and newcomers alike. ** [https://www.wikimedia.de/veranstaltungen/wikimedia-und-linked-open-data-im-glam-bereich-verankern/ Making Wikimedia and Linked Open Data Mainstream in GLAMs – The National Library of Wales Journey], 11 June 17:00 - 18:00 CEST, online (English with German translation) – Keynote by Jason Evans. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.zikg.eu/aktuelles/veranstaltungen/2026/podiumsdiskussion-wikibases-knowledge-graphs-und-wikidata Workshop // Wikibases, Knowledge Graphs und Wikidata], Tue 14 July, 10:00 - 13:00 CEST. Participation is for project members, Zentral Institut staff, and interested guests, on-site at Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte. See link for registration details. ** [https://mwsmigration.hypotheses.org/1115 Doing Migration History with Digital Methods: Beyond a Database - Wikibase as Research Infrastructure for Migration Prosopography] Summer University at the German Historical Institute Paris, 8, rue du Parc-Royal, 75003 Paris, 23 June 16:00 CEST. ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026|WikiProjects Days 2026 - preparing the Program]] - watch this space next week for the first edition of the Event Program or [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3670|register]] to be notified of updates. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** ''[[d:User:Niryhpr/Behind_the_QIDs|Behind the QIDs]]'' by User:Niryhpr ** [https://cerlblog.wordpress.com/2026/06/01/improving-the-interconnection-between-wikidata-and-the-cerl-thesaurus/ ''Improving the interconnection between Wikidata and the CERL Thesaurus''] by [[:d:User:Epìdosis|Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo]], also presented (in Italian) in Videos. ** [https://technology.inquirer.net/147036/digitally-mapping-the-philippines-historical-markers Digitally mapping the Philippines’ historical markers] by Eugene Alvin Villar. * Papers: ** [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.32521446 A data-driven analysis of automotive model evolution and technological lineage using Wikidata and Python network visualization] by P. Trunova (2026). ** (Italiano) [https://journals.openedition.org/jtei/6987 De Catulo a Wikidata] by Nusch et al. (2026). * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCoOIan3G9Y Adding lifting stones to Wikidata] - OSM for History Buffs ** (O'zbekcha) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AloZrt8HA2Q Participate in the Interlingual Relations Marathon and win!] - Oʻzbekcha Vikipediyadagi (ukwiki) has over 12,000 articles missing a sitelink...time to change that. ** (Italiano) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bb_WYaz9eYw&t=12665s Wikidata and Library Catalogs: Building and Enabling a Digital Resources Network] by Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo * Presentations: ** ''[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikicafe-JohnSAMUEL.pdf De Wikidata à Wikipédia abstraite : promesses et illusions du savoir structuré] (From Wikidata to Abstract Wikipedia: Promises and Illusions of Structured Knowledge)'', Presentation by [[User:Jsamwrites|Jsamwrites]], May 26, 2026, [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projet:Wikifier_la_science/WikiCaf%C3%A9s Wikicafé May Edition], organized by [[User:DMontagne en résidence|DMontagne en résidence]]. ([https://www.canal-u.tv/chaines/callisto/de-wikidata-a-wikipedia-abstraite-promesses-et-illusions-du-savoir-structure video]) ** [https://zenodo.org/records/20409899 DARIAH-EU WG DHwiki - A first year of activity] by D. Lindemann and G. Candela (2026). ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wdrc.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Recent Changes API]: This API lets you query Wikidata edits by either properties, or labels/aliases/descriptions/sitelinks. You can retrieve any changes, or specify added/changed/removed. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * On 31 May, item '''[[Q140000000]]''' ("Maxx", about a cinema in Delmenhorst, Germany) was created. * Feedback wanted: To support improving Wikidata integration on the Programs & Events Dashboard, the EduWiki Hub invites Wikidata organizers, trainers, and contributors to share suggestions on metrics, tracking features, and workflows you would like to see in the dashboard. In addition, try out the new Advanced Search share your thoughts on the Dashboard talk page. ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/BK5OBZPHZ7WDGTDPV6LNSLSEJRQLJMKT/ full announcement]) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: ** [[:d:Property:P14478|found liable for]] (<nowiki>tort or civil wrong a person or organization was found liable of</nowiki>) ** [[:d:Property:P14489|‎PCBS Locality code]] (<nowiki>Locality Code of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14479|AV CHANNEL actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14480|AWA artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14481|CUE/Anexo]], [[:d:Property:P14482|‎Defense Technical Information Center Accession Number]], [[:d:Property:P14483|Catholic Encyclopedia Wikitólica ID]], [[:d:Property:P14484|European System of Accounts ID (Germany)]], [[:d:Property:P14485|OpenEdition Publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P14486|‎Mineral Resources Data System deposit ID]], [[:d:Property:P14487|‎Natalie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14488|‎Oireachtas bill ID]], [[:d:Property:P14490|Rakuten Music artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14491|recochoku artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14492|‎Adult Film Database film series ID]], [[:d:Property:P14493|‎Adult Film Database studio ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: ** [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/category's topic is member of the class|category's topic is member of the class]] (<nowiki>qualifier for use with {{p|14387}} and {{P|4224}} to describe certain sets of categories</nowiki>) ** [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/applicable Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons|applicable Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons]] (<nowiki>the dataset associated with this external id usually contains data applicable to this other wikidata property</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/School ID of the Department of Education, Philippines|School ID of the Department of Education, Philippines]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Beeld en Geluid series identifier|Beeld en Geluid series identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DAM artist ID|DAM artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DAM song ID|DAM song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Joysound artist ID|Joysound artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Joysound song ID|Joysound song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/K-MIB performer ID|K-MIB performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DUGA actress ID|DUGA actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Chilean Museums Registry ID|Chilean Museums Registry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sokmil actress ID|Sokmil actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmmakers Person ID|Filmmakers Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Model Mayhem ID|Model Mayhem ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OCHA Place Code|OCHA Place Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sri Lanka NGO Secretariat Registration Number|Sri Lanka NGO Secretariat Registration Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sri Lanka Company Registration Number|Sri Lanka Company Registration Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AV CHANNEL director ID|AV CHANNEL director ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DUGA director ID|DUGA director ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AllMyLinks ID|AllMyLinks ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AV CHANNEL maker ID|AV CHANNEL maker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/thegamerdex.com game ID|thegamerdex.com game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MyDirtyHobby ID|MyDirtyHobby ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fontaines de Belgique ID|Fontaines de Belgique ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikiparfum fragrance ID|Wikiparfum fragrance ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Canadian Trademark Registration Number|Canadian Trademark Registration Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DMM director ID|DMM director ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pantheon.World ID|Pantheon.World ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/Pra Map of countries receiving the Nobel peace prize] ** * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Sri_Lanka|Project Sri Lanka]] for editors who would like to focus on adding materials for [[d:Q854|Sri Lanka <small>''(Q854)''</small>]]. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Cape_Verde|Project Govdirectory added Cape Verde subpage]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_P244_maintenance/Progress_tracker|Project P244 maintenance progress]] - a manually-updated progress tracker, is there a way to automate it? * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Identified_duplicates|Identified duplicates]] - this list shows items that most likely need merging but cannot due to conflicting sitelinks. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q140000000|Q140000000: Wikidata's 140 Millionth Item]] ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: ** We fixed how we handle statements with deleted Properties ([[phab:T402619]]) ** We improved the behaviour when using the browser's back button ([[phab:T414454]]) ** We continued working on improving the way error responses are shown ([[phab:T423613]]) ** We addressed issues found in testing * Improving the visibility of WikiProjects: We added support for finding the associated WikiProject of an Item based on statements on the Item * GraphQL: ** We are working on expanding the data available through search. Specifically we are including all Item data in search result nodes ([[phab:T427389]]) and extending the query by Item and Property value to return all Item data ([[phab:T416885]]) ** We are improving the documentation. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Nigeria|Nigeria]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:45, 1 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30605449 --> == This Month in Education: May 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 5 • May 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities|Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania|Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Debating free license in Brazil|Debating free license in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India|Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects|Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges|Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem|Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria|Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities|Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year|Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 16:53, 1 June 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30604297 --> == Tech News: 2026-23 == <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:05, 1 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:kr:주령구]])&#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata. L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:20, 8 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30622359 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #735 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-08. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#734]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Mass-editing_policy|RfC: Mass editing policy]]: The community is currently voting on a proposed policy to regulate mass edits on Wikidata. More input is needed to reach a broad consensus. Please review the proposal and join the discussion/vote on the RFC page. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Sessions|'''WikiProjects Days 2026''' - see the first version of the program!]] The online event takes place during the weekend of June 19 - 21. [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3670|Register]] for updates and access links. ** [[d:Wikidata:Mezi bajty/Mezi bajty 0|Mezi bajty 0]] - meetup of the Czech Wikidata community in Prague and online, 10th June 17:00 - 19:00 CEST (in Czech, Slovak, English) ** [[m:Event:GND_(Gemeinsame_Normdatei)_SPARQL_Workshop|GND (Gemeinsame Normdatei) SPARQL Workshop|]], 17th July 17:00 - 19:30 CEST (in German) - workshop from the German National Library on use of their SPARQL-endpoint for the GND (Gemeinsamer Normdatei) national authority file for wikidata users and wikipedians. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.nfdi4objects.net/events/n4o_activity_20260818-CM26-RS_Wikidata/ Workshop: Make Research Software Findable using the Software Marketplace Wikidata] - August 18, 14:00 – 16:00 Uhr (CEST), Zoom-link on registration. ** '''[[D:Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_June_2026|Blazegraph Migration Office Hour (June session)]]''' will take place on Tuesday, 9 June 2026 (Tomorrow) at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781020800 16:00 UTC]. This office hour is focused on supporting the migration away from Blazegraph as the backend of WDQS. Whether you have questions, need clarification, or want to discuss how your use case may be affected. You can register for the session via [[D:Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_June_2026|the event page]]. In preparation, add questions, feedback, or migration-related support needs to [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours this etherpad]. * Ongoing: [[m:Event:Wiki_Loves_Pride/2026|Wiki Loves Pride 2026 (Meta)]] is ongoing and now has a dedicated Wikidata subpage: [[d:Event:Wiki_Loves_Pride_2026|Event: Wiki Loves Pride 2026]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** (日本語/Japanese) [https://note.com/shoku_pan_65/n/nc6a788a55c91 [Practice drill: SPARQL basics to make and learn - Let's master Wikidata Query Service] by Shoku_pan_65. Page offers AI translations. ** [https://rtnf.substack.com/p/behind-the-p812-academic-major-property Behind the &lt;P812: academic major&gt; Property] by rtnf. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/05/27/adding-visual-context-to-the-dagbanli-dictionary-how-the-university-of-ghana-hci-lab-dataset-powered-our-sentence-matching-system/ Adding Visual Context to the Dagbanli Dictionary: How the University of Ghana HCI Lab Dataset Powered our Sentence Matching System]. Diff post by Mohammed Sadat Abdulai and Mohammed Awal Alhassan. * Papers: ** [[m:Research:Newsletter/2026/May|Volume 16, Issue 5 of the Wikimedia Research Newsletter is out!]] - includes 7 papers on Wikidata topics. ** [https://academic.oup.com/database/article/doi/10.1093/database/baag030/8699725 Rosetta Statements: simplifying FAIR knowledge graph construction with a user-centred approach] - Vogt et al., (2026) ** (Русский/Russian) [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.32579178 Automated Analysis and Visualization of Geographic Data on Global Volcanoes Based on the Wikidata Semantic Graph] - by Мария Паландер (2026). ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.02905 Speaker Mining: FAIR Data on Public Broadcasts for Question Answering] by Wittenborg et al., (2026) * Videos: ** (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9n8FH3dQ6o Wikidata for Climate Change, Wikipedia for Sustainable Futures] by Daniel Canedo, a workshop on using Wikidata to record linked open data from extreme weather events. ** (Svenska) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMKm7csn7SE Merge Wikidata samma som] by Magnus Sälgö. What to do when you find duplicate Wikidata Items pointing at the same location on OpenStreetMap. ** (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoKYp0o5ar4 EntreWikis - Hacerwiki: Progress of Free Knowledge Projects in Colombia] - Colombian Art in Open Data: training and infrastructure on Wikidata ** (Français) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhe3wJ46xo4 Wikidata for research and teaching] by Pascal Martinolli. Introduces Wikidata basics, SPARQL, practical examples of data visualisation, enriching research data and exploring the opportunities and limitations of linked open personal data. ** (Français) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4NQb0-pb_k Literature review: FAIR data sharing | FAIR Data Spring 2026] - [https://zenodo.org/records/20510911 Presentation slides], given by Adélie Ranville on their experiences organizing and sharing data using Zenodo, DOI, Zotero, Wikidata, and OpenRefine. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OR8_cD-p4ek Building a shared knowledge infrastructure: a federated wikibase for video and podcasts] hosted by Tim @BorgNetzWerk. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [[m:AutosuggestSitelink|AutoSuggestSitelink]]: New features available. See the update post on [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-M2k~dewiki-20260528122200-AutosuggestSitelink:_New_features_available|Project Chat]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The WMF [[D:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|Wikidata pltaform team monthly newsletter (June edition)]] is out * [https://observablehq.com/@pac02/gender-diversity-in-french-wikipedias-occupation-a Gender diversity in French Wikipedia's occupation articles] * [https://observablehq.com/@pac02/gender-diversity-in-french-wikipedias-articles-abo Gender diversity in French Wikipedia's articles about fields of knowledge] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes:: **[[:d:Property:P14511|trailer of]] (<nowiki>works that this trailer video represents</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14516|‎EPBC conservation status]] (<nowiki>the conservation status from the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 assigned by the Australian Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water</nowiki>) *Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14494|‎Joysound artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14495|‎Joysound song ID]], [[:d:Property:P14496|DUGA performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14497|Sri Lanka Company Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P14498|Wikimedia Phabricator project PHID]], [[:d:Property:P14499|‎Indonesian government work unit ID (satker ID)]], [[:d:Property:P14501|‎DAM artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14502|‎British Library catalogue ID]], [[:d:Property:P14503|‎OCHA Place Code]], [[:d:Property:P14504|Philippines ‎School ID]], [[:d:Property:P14505|‎Swedish-Danish Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14506|Filmmakers actor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14507|Chilean Museums Registry ID]], [[:d:Property:P14508|Sri Lanka NGO Secretariat Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P14509|Beeld & Geluid series ID]], [[:d:Property:P14510|‎INAPROC instance ID (Indonesia)]], [[:d:Property:P14512|DUGA director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14513|AV CHANNEL maker ID]], [[:d:Property:P14514|AV CHANNEL director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14515|AllMyLinks ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/applicable Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons|applicable Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons]] (<nowiki>the dataset associated with this external id usually contains data applicable to this other wikidata property</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IAU member ID (new)|IAU member ID (new)]] (<nowiki>ID of members in the [https://www.iau.org/IAU/Default.aspx International Astronomical Union (IAU)].</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/height above ground level|height above ground level]] (<nowiki>a property intended to indicate the height of any objects from the ground</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Storm intensity classification|Storm intensity classification]] (<nowiki>category assigned to a meteorological system according to an intensity or classification scale; the scale should be indicated with a qualifier (P1013 and P585)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/service status|service status]] (<nowiki>the operational status of something like ship or building</nowiki>) *New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PTS News Network topic ID|PTS News Network topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OTOTOY ID|OTOTOY ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant EU sanctions tracker|identifiant EU sanctions tracker]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenParlData ID|OpenParlData ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Catholica.cz ID|Catholica.cz ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KSW person ID|KSW person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KSW organization ID|KSW organization ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KSW place ID|KSW place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Myludo ID|Myludo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant dans La Basa|Identifiant dans La Basa]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PurplePort ID|PurplePort ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sokmil idol ID|Sokmil idol ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hancinema company ID|Hancinema company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LinkMe ID|LinkMe ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Netmath Glossary ID|Netmath Glossary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sokmil director ID|Sokmil director ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/QjCT Table of civic tech organizations with details] ([[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Civic_Tech/Query|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/QjCZ Timeline of legalisation of same-sex marriage] ([[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LGBT/Queries#Timeline_of_legalization_of_same-sex_marriages|source]]) * Schema examples: [[d:Q139959656|Nazareth Padilla Montero <small>''(Q139959656)''</small>]] has been added as a showcase example of [[d:EntitySchema:E10|human (E10)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Civic_Tech|Project Civic Tech]] - for anyone developing datasets about civic resources in cities, and discuss best practices for Wikidata collaboration in civic tech. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_AI_Cleanup|Project AI Cleanup]] - for reporting, monitoring and combatting edits and contributions from LLM and AI sources. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Who_is_who_in_marine_taxonomy%3F|Project: Whos who in marine taxonomy?]] - inititated by the World Register of Marine Species ([https://www.marinespecies.org%7C WoRMS]), this project will document and enrich entities of the persons who have described marine species. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LGBT/Abstract_Wikipedia|Project LGBT]] added an Abstract Wikipedia subpage. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Roads/Greece/National_roads|Project Roads]] added a subpage for Greece National roads with highly-visual tables. ** [[d:Event:Wiki_x_K-pop_2026:_Datathon_2.0|Wiki x K-Pop datathon 2.0]] - there is still some work to do to reach the goal on modelling the album: BABYMONSTER. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Deleted_Wikidata_entities_used_in_SDC|Deleted Wikidata entities that are connected to Commons files structured data (SDC)]] * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L652968|kafuni]] - Dagbanli noun that translate to "fan" in English ''' Development ''' * The team was involved in workshops last week so there are no updates. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:54, 8 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30646984 --> == Tech News: 2026-24 == <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:27, 8 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue V, May 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: May Global GLAM Call Recording and June Call Announcement * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating #1Lib1Ref Australasia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAM Connection: Fashion, History, and Biodiversity in May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: New Wikimedian in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Connecting the Arctic and Sicily through Wikimedia Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How the cultural, governmental, educational, and museum sectors contributed in unison to Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Setting up your own platform (part 1): from wish to the creation of a wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ESEAP Conference 2026 and the NZBSI WiR update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Shares GLAM Experience at International Conferences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Partnerships, Participation, and Open Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: May in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: El Prado en femenino III * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum for Communication, Panel IMD, Wikipedia Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Early Qurans on the front page of Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: New tools for multilingual audio, video and metadata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:22, 12 June 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30636889 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 15 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30662919 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #736 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-15. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#735]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Request for comments: The discussion about reforming Wikidata's notability policy is ongoing. There is now a [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Notability policy reform|new proposal waiting for your feedback]]. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[:wmau:WikiLoves_Pride_Australia_2026|WikiLoves Pride 2026]] - six fortnightly editing sessions to add, expand and translate LGBTQ+ content on the Wikimedia projects. ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026|WikiProjects Days 2026]] is taking place this coming weekend, 19-21 June. Check out the daily program...<small>(click UTC for your local timezone)</small> *** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Friday,_June_19th|Day 1]] / Friday, 19.06, 17:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781888400 UTC] - 20:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781899200 UTC] *** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Saturday,_June_20th|Day 2]] / Saturday, 20.06, 10:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781949600 UTC] - 18:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781978400 UTC] *** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Sunday,_June_21st|Day 3]] / Sunday, 21.06, 14:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1782050400 UTC] - 18:00 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1782064800 UTC] ** Click here -> [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3670|Register]] <- for access links to the event. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: **[https://jsamwrites.substack.com/p/preserving-pride-across-languages Preserving Pride, Across Languages] : From Wikidata to Abstract Wikipedia: A New Way to Think About Knowledge ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/13/visibility-of-communities-in-nigeria-on-wikidata-2-0-expanding-digital-representation-for-nigerian-communities/ Visibility of Communities in Nigeria on Wikidata 2.0: Expanding Digital Representation for Nigerian Communities] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/14/the-years-first-quarter-with-the-igbo-wikimedians-user-group/ The Year’s First Quarter with the Igbo Wikimedians User Group] - Expanding partnerships and contributions to Wikidata, Wikipedia and other sister projects. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/13/introducing-the-wiki-afrodemics-mentorship-project-cohort-1/ Introducing the Wiki Afrodemics Mentorship Project Cohort 1] - A pan-african and guided multilingual training on Wikipedia editing, Wikidata contribution, and resource mobilisation. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/12/amplifying-womens-stories-and-indigenous-knowledge-feminism-and-folklore-2026-in-the-igbo-community/ Amplifying Women’s Stories and Indigenous Knowledge: Feminism and Folklore 2026 in the Igbo Community] - Improving the representation of women and cultural heritage in Igbo language on Wikidata, Wikipedia and Wikiquote. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/14/a-reflection-on-what-i-learned-at-my-first-international-womens-day-celebration/ A Reflection on What I Learned at My First International Women’s Day Celebration] - Celebrating and documenting women activists and politicians on Wikipedia and Wikidata. ** [https://www.botany.one/three-tools-that-bring-digital-botany-within-reach/ Three Tools that bring digital botany within reach] (spoiler: One of them is Wikidata) - article available in DE, ES, FR, JA, PT and ZH-CN. * Papers: [https://dhq.digitalhumanities.org/vol/20/1/000838/000838.html Open Tool Registries! Resolving the Directory Paradox with Wikidata] by Grallert et al., (2026). As digital humanities tools proliferate, this paper argues that Wikidata can help connect the research landscape by documenting, citing and connecting tool registries. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCoOIan3G9Y OSM / Lifting Stones in Wikidata] - a video tutorial on mapping lifting stones on OpenStreetMap, using two examples from County Kilkenny, Ireland. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LANzP0OUoZs Mapping Every Wonder on Earth] - animated visualisation of UNESCO World Heritage Sites recorded in Wikidata. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AY_gst9R3I4 2025: Tales of Discovery] - Museums and Heritage channel mentions how Wikidata is being used as a bridge between several sites and projects for 3D modelling ships, wrecks and other artifacts from maritime history. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncPqSIvDm-Q Mentor Me! Session 6] with Jinoy Tom Jacob, who will show us how to use OpenRefine to batch edit Wikidata and the Commons. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://bisikbekasi.rf.gd/index.php?page=item&id=L2 BisikBekasi] : Community-curated knowledge base where local data items [https://teletype.in/@hyloxira/qdyLFSX-1Px are integrated] with Wikidata items. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The [[mw:Growth/Feature_summary#NH|Newcomer Dashboard]] will be deployed to Wikidata pending on-wiki configuration by Admins. The dashboard aims to provide guidance, helpful links, and mentorship opportunities for new editors. * [https://viaacode.github.io/documentation-visualisations-guido-gezelle/ Guido Gezelle on Wikidata: networking in map] - this project created 5 visualisations produced from Wikidata on the poet Guido Gezelle. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14517|print matrix state]] (<nowiki>in printmaking, a stage of development of the relief matrix after a permanent modification</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14519|body modification]] (<nowiki>deliberate altering of the human anatomy for non-medical reasons that this person or fictional character has undergone</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14518|Roller-results.com skater ID]], [[:d:Property:P14520|Wikiparfum fragrance ID]], [[:d:Property:P14521|EU sanctions tracker subject ID]], [[:d:Property:P14522|Maoyan celebrity ID]], [[:d:Property:P14523|CINEMATODAY film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14524|DMM director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14525|Model Mayhem ID]], [[:d:Property:P14526|‎DAM song ID]], [[:d:Property:P14527|OpenParlData ID]], [[:d:Property:P14528|‎IAU member ID]], [[:d:Property:P14529|PurplePort ID]], [[:d:Property:P14530|LinkMe ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vistonline|Vistonline]] (<nowiki>Agenzia italiana di visti consolari e legalizzazione documenti, con sede a Roma</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Natural science/Taxon footprint|Natural science/Taxon footprint]] (<nowiki>Taxon footprint</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sri Lanka Ministry of Education school census number|Sri Lanka Ministry of Education school census number]] (<nowiki>Unique identification number assigned to a school by the Ministry of Education of Sri Lanka, used in the annual school census and official examinations (G.C.E. O/L, A/L)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/sport title|sport title]] (<nowiki>link to sport title (like master of sports or yokodzuna), besides chess and martial arts titles</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dual notion in category theory|dual notion in category theory]] (<nowiki>dual notion in category theory</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/penalty shootout kicked by|penalty shootout kicked by]] (<nowiki>Indicates the person who took an individual penalty kick during a penalty shoot-out.</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Finnish educational institution ID|Finnish educational institution ID]] (<nowiki>Five-digit identification number for Finnish educational institutes assigned by Statistics Finland.</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'une personne sur ZicTrad|Identifiant d'une personne sur ZicTrad]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Skeivopedia ID|Skeivopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artistas Visuales Chilenos ID|Artistas Visuales Chilenos ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mathlib declaration ID|Mathlib declaration ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FES digital collections person ID|FES digital collections person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BBC Bitesize topic ID|BBC Bitesize topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (2026)|Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (2026)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sceneweb artwork ID|Sceneweb artwork ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sceneweb production ID|Sceneweb production ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regjeringen.no government ID|regjeringen.no government ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regjeringen.no ministry ID|regjeringen.no ministry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regjeringen.no politician ID|regjeringen.no politician ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Maoyan film ID|Maoyan film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant livres-cinema.info d'un auteur|Identifiant livres-cinema.info d'un auteur]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Operator Code (UK)|National Operator Code (UK)]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Event:Wiki_x_K-pop_2026:_Datathon_3.0|Wiki x K-pop 2026: Datathon 3.0]] a.k.a the ICONIC BY MISTAKE EDITING party. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course/Projects_Offering_2/GLAM_Authority_Entity_Ontology_in_Wikidata|Ontology Course 2 / GLAM Authority Entity Ontology in Wikidata]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=thanks&user=&page=&excludetempacct=1&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B%5D=thanks&wpFormIdentifier=logeventslist Thanks Log] - who's thanking who and on what. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q5020214|2026 FIFA World Cup (Q5020214)]] - in the United States, Mexico and Canada in 2026 * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L720932|alikaali (L720932)]] - Dagbanli noun (derived from ha <--ar) which can mean soothsayer, judge or Muslim scholar ''' Development ''' * Ontology federation: The development team is looking for people to give feedback on the new feature that allows editors on other Wikibase instances to use Wikidata's Items as statement values. ([https://wikibase-federation.com more details]) * GraphQL: ** We extended the searchItems field so that developers can now get all Item data immediately from the search results ([[phab:T416885]]) ** We are working on the ability to get only best ranked statements ([[phab:T428138]]) * MCP: The Wikidata MCP has been extended. You can now also use an MCP for other Wikibase instances. ([[d:Wikidata:MCP#Wikibase MCP|more details]]) * Wikibase Cloud: We are looking into making it possible to log into Wikibase Cloud instances with your Wikidata account to make it easier for Wikimedians to contribute on Cloud instances. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are planning the migration of the entity usage table to a new database cluster to handle increased usage of Wikidata's data across the Wikimedia projects. ** We are continuing our work to decrease the number of irrelevant changes coming from Wikidata that show up in Wikipedia's recent changes and watchlist. Specifically we are evaluating a prototype that looks at the rendered article before and after the change and determines if anything actually changed in the article before adding an entry to recent changes and watchlist. * Mobile editing of statements: ** We are improving support for RTL languages.([[phab:T360854]], [[phab:T427655]], [[phab:T427658]], [[phab:T427661]], [[phab:T428246]]) ** We started fixing multiple UI layout and spacing issues, including mandatory fields, value fields, snak types, references, and add-statement button usability ([[phab:T428766]], [[phab:T428761]], [[phab:T428759]], [[phab:T428450]]) ** We are improving the server-side rendering ([[phab:T409827]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:42, 15 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30669932 --> == Tech News: 2026-25 == <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:45, 15 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 June 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * From the editors: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/From the editors|Ways for beginners to support ''The Signpost'' community journalism]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/News and notes|Community Tech development team disbanded]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Disinformation report|PR for the people?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Recent research|Proposed tagging system for AI involvement; successful and unsuccessful AI tools for contributors]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/In the media|Who won a 14th century battle and who won the 2026 Iran war?]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Community view|Putting the Wish into the Wishlist]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/In focus|A global standard for Neutral Point of View]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/On the bright side|Flowers, blue helmets, reefs, pride, and Juneteenth]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Op-ed|Breathe, Don’t Panic, there is a different story about Wikimedia + AI futures]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Opinion|Wikimedia Foundation staff develop union and Wikimedia user community reacts]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Technology report|Community Tech team is disbanded, controversy erupts]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Traffic report|'Cause this is thriller, thriller night]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/WikiConference report|Report of Volunteer Supporters Network Annual Meeting 2026]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Comix|Take your turn]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Humour|Group of banned T-shirt makers comes out of hiding to sell new Wikipedia-themed merchandise]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 03:21, 21 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30604303 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:52, 22 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #736 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-22. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#736]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Ziv|Ziv]] - RfP scheduled to end after 24 June 2026 19:26 (UTC) * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Nabbot_1|Nabbot 1]] - Task: Adding Turkish descriptions for scientific articles ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/schedule/ Wikimania 2026 program] has been revealed, go bookmark your favourite sessions. ** [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdneBEtREhStI9VLsTJ9xKKt9L4NEU_BSr297jdOjNTkQJ64A/viewform?pli=1 Physical Training; Improving Health Articles in Africa] - 21 June, 10:00, University of Ibadan. ** The [[m:WikiIndaba_conference_2026|WikiIndaba Call for Proposals ends June 30th]] - don't forget to submit your Wikidata-sessions. ** Sessions of the WikiProjects Days 2026 event will shortly be available on Commons: [[c:Category:Wikidata_WikiProjects_Days_2026_presentations|Presentations]] / [[c:Category:Wikidata_WikiProjects_Days_2026_videos|Videos]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://talk.tiddlywiki.org/t/wikitiddler-tiddlywiki-as-a-live-wikidata-frontend-zero-hosting-auto-updating/15419 WikiTiddler; Tiddlywiki as a live Wikidata frontend] - if you run a TiddlyWiki instance, you can now run queries to the Wikidata Query Service and convert the results to Tiddlers. ** [https://blog.tib.eu/2026/06/19/what-do-we-mean-when-we-talk-about-ai-and-open-knowledge/ TIB: What do we mean when we talk about AI and open knowledge?] - Lozana Rossenova details their experiences at the AI+Bridges Symposium. * Papers: ** [https://www.elgaronline.com/monobook/book/9781035353750/9781035353750.xml How to use Wikibase for Mixed-Methods Research], a book published by F. Bailo, E. Booth, and J. Williams ** [https://zenodo.org/records/20693572 Wikimedia as a Platform for Evidence Synthesis: Quantifying Bias and Literature Coverage in Crowd-Sourced Knowledge Graphs] by D. Mietchen, and J. Dearborn, (2026). ** [https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/14/12/2227 From Wikidata to Smart Tourism: A Reproducible Pipeline Based on AI and Fuzzy Logic for Interpretable Multi-Category Classification of Points of Interest] - This paper develops a reproducible pipeline that converts Wikidata POIs into an interpretable tourism taxonomy, enabling multi-category classification and personalized smart tourism applications. By Kontogianni et al., (2026) * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKIVrRgLQ6w Name Suggestion Index Explained: How OpenStreetMap Standardizes Brands] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_MbZtO2Q2U0 EMCO Wikidata CoP meeting (2026-06-04)] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsBMBpc05sQ Using the Duplicity and WD Fist Tools to edit Wikidata] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkFuyX605nU Unlocking Data through Semantic Linking], presented at ENDORSE 2025 by Thora Hagen. Experiences using 19th-century German encyclopedias, demonstrating how semantic enrichment via Wikidata can reveal fascinating patterns. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9M4mIP0mZg From your pocket to the knowledge graph: SquirrelBase] is a Wikibase instance that functions as a semantic metadata and reference platform. Make 3D smartphone captures of cultural assets, artworks, and ephemeral structures FAIR. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://multilingualprogramming.github.io/MotusArtium/ MotusArtium] : Wikidata GraphQL showcase application for exploring and understanding art movements (alpha version). [https://github.com/multilingualprogramming/MotusArtium/tree/main/graphql GraphQL queries used] * As seen during WikiProjects Days 2026 - [[d:Wikidata:Tools/Enhance_user_interface#Userscripts_for_improving_data_quality|Classification.js]], visualise parent classes and identify incorrections, detect superclass tree loops. To use, click ''Activate'' and copy the two lines into your Common.js page. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Reminder: Try Ontology Federation to import Items from Wikidata to your Wikibase instance. Share your feedback in the linked survey. ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikibaseug@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LOTFJGPF7V6SQ7KVE6P6RF5MDDBZBV5Q/ full announcement]) * A session at WikiProjects Days 2026 was devoted to general-purpose tools for WikiProjects. A new page under the main Wikidata tools page was created with a list and description of these tools. Take a look at [[d:Wikidata:Tools/WikiProjects|Wikidata:Tools/WikiProjects]] and add any missing tools. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14531|meteorological intensity classification]] (<nowiki>category assigned to a meteorological system according to an intensity or classification scale; the scale should be indicated with a qualifier (P1013 and P585)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14539|perfumer]] (<nowiki>person who created a perfume</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14540|‎dual notion (category theory)]] (<nowiki>dual of the concept in category theory</nowiki>) * External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14532|catholica.cz ID]], [[:d:Property:P14533|‎Skeivopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14534|Mathlib Declaration ID]], [[:d:Property:P14535|Annuséries series ID]], [[:d:Property:P14536|FES digital collections person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14537|‎BBC Bitesize topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14538|Sri Lanka Ministry of Education school census number]], [[:d:Property:P14541|Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (2026)]], [[:d:Property:P14542|OTOTOY artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14543|livres-cinema.info author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Visual style|Visual style]] (<nowiki>the visual style used in a video game (or other creative work)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gmedia rating (video games)|Gmedia rating (video games)]] (<nowiki>Video game ratings of the Saudi Arabian rating system ({{Q|Q28717438}})</nowiki>) * External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/altinget.se person ID|altinget.se person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Il cinema ritrovato film ID|Il cinema ritrovato film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stockholm Archipelago Trail ID|Stockholm Archipelago Trail ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/some properties for category theory|some properties for category theory]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Farzonagon ID|Farzonagon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TV Guide film ID|TV Guide film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letterboxd Writer ID|Letterboxd Writer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/d Hits artist ID|d Hits artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/1SCREEN Person ID|1SCREEN Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/1SCREEN movie ID|1SCREEN movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fantia ID|Fantia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/17LIVE ID|17LIVE ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CFLapedia player ID|CFLapedia player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Model-Kartei.de ID|Model-Kartei.de ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/U-NEXT Parson ID|U-NEXT Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/U-NEXT Video ID|U-NEXT Video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/H-NEXT Parson ID|H-NEXT Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ABEMA Video ID|ABEMA Video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FOD Parson ID|FOD Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LRT topic ID|LRT topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FOD Video ID|FOD Video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Jiji Press Member of Parliament ID|Jiji Press Member of Parliament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wildenstein Plattner Institute ID|Wildenstein Plattner Institute ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/belarusenc.by ID|belarusenc.by ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Huellas Digitales de la Memoria ID|Huellas Digitales de la Memoria ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/socrealizm.com.ua person ID|socrealizm.com.ua person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pacelli edition person ID|Pacelli edition person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument number|Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Writing Systems Technical Resources script code|Writing Systems Technical Resources script code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Répertoire des films classés film ID|Répertoire des films classés film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum of Fine Arts, Houston person ID|Museum of Fine Arts, Houston person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sri Lankan Parliament member ID|Sri Lankan Parliament member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kanal Architecture entry ID|Kanal Architecture entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Web The Television Parson ID|Web The Television Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Web The Television Work ID|Web The Television Work ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q11446|ship (Q11446)]] - large buoyant watercraft ''' Development ''' * We enabled links to WikiProjects in the sidebar and added links to WikiProjects Music, Medicine, Datasets, sum of all paintings, and elections ([[phab:T422935|T422935]], [[phab:T422935|T422935]]) * We added a floating “add statement” button that makes it easier to add statements without looking through the existing statements ([[phab:T417641|T417641]], [[phab:T428450|T428450]]). * We’re working on making sure that users can tell when statements exist before they add new ones ([[phab:T424009|T424009]]). * We made some layout fixes to wbui2025 / MEX ([[phab:T428766|T428766]], [[phab:T428761|T428761]], [[phab:T428759|T428759]], [[phab:T427658|T427658]], [[phab:T428853|T428853]]). * We refactored error handling ([[phab:T423613|T423613]]). * We’re refactoring the server-side rendering so we don’t need separate .less style files ([[phab:T409827|T409827]]). * We’re working on the interaction between scrollable values and indicator icons ([[phab:T425974|T425974]]). [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:32, 22 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30669932 --> == Tech News: 2026-26 == <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:02, 23 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == June 2026 CEE Newsletter is out == Dear all, The [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/June_2026 June 2026 issue] of the CEE Newsletter has been published. After a three years of being an editor of the Newsletter, this will be my last issue. Over the years, I've been putting on multiple hats and now is time to take one off. I would like to share many thanks to everyone I had the honor of collaborating with. Many of you are not only readers, but also authors. It was always a great joy to read all the amazing stories from all around the region, you are the ones making this newsletter special. '''Read the full newsletter [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/June_2026 here].''' As always, we have prepared a [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/June_2026/ru Russian version] of the same issue. Happy reading! Take care, Jan --[[User:Janbery|janbery]] ([[User talk:Janbery|talk]]) 14:03, 26 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Janbery@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=30548854 --> == This Month in Education: June 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 6 • June 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement|Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026|Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries|Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education|Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite|Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo|Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives|Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana|Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina|"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities|Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026|Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program|From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter|EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography|Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes|Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda|Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 04:15, 28 June 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30725833 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Facial age estimation]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Facial age estimation''' is the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the age of a person based on their facial features. Computer vision techniques are used to analyse the facial features in the images of millions of people whose age is known and then deep learning is used to create an algorithm that tries to predict the age of an unknown person. The key use of the technology is to prevent access to age-restricted goods and services. Examples include restricting children from accessing internet pornography, checking that they meet a mandatory minimum age when registering for an account on social media, or preventing adults from accessing websites, online chat or games designed only for use by children. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div>--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:44, 29 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Tech News: 2026-27 == <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:45, 29 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #738 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-06-29. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#737]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/TopDevsBot|TopDevsBot]] - Task/s: Create new items for software-development, design, and consulting companies from source data: topdevs.ai ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/SonalBot|SonalBot]] - Task/s: Reference Gardener (archive dead reference links) + Welcome Bot (welcome new users) * New request for comments: [[c:Commons:Requests_for_comment/Policy_update_for_AI_content|WM Commons: Policy update for AI content]] - this RfC will seek opinions on the use and allowance of AI-generated and modified content. This can have downstream impacts on Wikidata. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[:meta:Wikimedia Taiwan/Wikidata Taiwan/2026年7月嘉義維基媒體街景踏查團暨工作坊|2026 Chiayi Streetview Workshop]] July 13 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at Tâi-uân tôo-su-sik, Chiayi, Taiwan. ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #90 July 13 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://blog.lobid.org/2026/06/23/nwbib-wikipedia-bot.html Lobid Blog: NWBibBot – Making a regional bibliography visible in Wikipedia with help from Wikidata] ** [https://tech-news.wikimedia.de/2026/06/24/knowledge-wants-to-be-found/ Tech News (WMDE) Knowledge wants to be found] - We interview Tim Wittenborg about the [https://en.borgnetzwerk.org/ WissKomm Wiki], from the Leibniz Information Center for Science and Technology in TIB Hannover. ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/29/bridging-open-knowledge-and-digital-rights-reflections-from-drif-2026-and-the-wikimedia-community/ Bridging Open Knowledge And Digital Rights: Reflections From DRIF 2026 And The Wikimedia Community] * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.27933v1 MathModDB: A Database for Mathematical Models] - The Mathematical Models Database (MathModDB), deployed on the MaRDI Portal within Germany’s National Research Data Infrastructure, provides researchers with a curated knowledge graph that organizes scattered mathematical models, formulas, and assumptions, connects to related tools like MathAlgoDB and MaRDMO, and demonstrates practical use through cases such as plasma physics modeling. By Fiedler et al., (2026) * Videos: ** [[d:Event:WikiProjects_Days_2026#Sessions|WikiProjects Days 2026 - recordings now on Commons]], if you missed the event or want to recap what was discussed, individual session recordings are now available from the Event program. ** [[commons:File:Jason Evans, "Making Wikimedia and Linked Open Data Mainstream in GLAMs – The National Library of Wales Journey".webm|Jason Evans: Making Wikimedia and Linked Open Data Mainstream in GLAMs – The National Library of Wales Journey]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://cyllchuesnconii.rf.gd/panoply/?id=8 Altilunium Panoply] : A lightweight Wikibase alternative for creating collaborative knowledge bases, written as [https://github.com/altilunium/panoply a single PHP file] with no dependencies. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2027/Call for expressions of interest to host|Call for local partners: WikidataCon 2027]]: Planning is underway for the next hybrid WikidataCon, and Wikimedia Deutschland is seeking a local affiliate to co-organize the on-site event. Expressions of Interest are due by 13 July. A Q&A clinic will be held on 1 July at 15:00 UTC ([https://bbb.wikipedia.de/rooms/plp-qml-xrj-9ib/ join here]). * [[mw:Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are now available at Wikidata. This update enables access to Mentorship, Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14544|‎Taiwan Central News Agency news topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14545|‎Stockholm Archipelago Trail ID]], [[:d:Property:P14546|‎Sceneweb artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P14547|‎Sceneweb production ID]], [[:d:Property:P14548|Fantia ID]], [[:d:Property:P14549|Finnish educational institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P14550|‎altinget.se person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14551|Il cinema ritrovato film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14552|TV Guide film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14553|FOD person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14554|LRT topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14555|Jiji Press Member of Parliament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14556|Huellas Digitales de la Memoria ID]], [[:d:Property:P14557|Museum of Fine Arts, Houston person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/subdiscipline of|subdiscipline of]] (<nowiki>less specific academic discipline</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has garden|has garden]] (<nowiki>Object is a {{Q|1107656}} related to this {{Q|16222597}}</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ranking by|ranking by]] (<nowiki>issuer of a ranking</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/linguistic group|linguistic group]] (<nowiki>group of people who share the same language, regardless of their ancestry or ethnicity</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pure Adult actress ID|Pure Adult actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Taiwan Central News Agency News tag id|Taiwan Central News Agency News tag id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pure Adult studio ID|Pure Adult studio ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Natural science/GBIF taxon ID|Natural science/GBIF taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digitaler Portraitindex person ID|Digitaler Portraitindex person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/torial ID|torial ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa ID|Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pontifical Urbaniana University ID|Pontifical Urbaniana University ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Samtrafiken-vehicle-id|Samtrafiken-vehicle-id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sundsvall Municipality opendata ID|Sundsvall Municipality opendata ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nakamura Kikaku ID|Nakamura Kikaku ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KBS News topic ID|KBS News topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GIGA actress ID|GIGA actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Zen Pictures actress ID|Zen Pictures actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'une personne sur Autoroc|Identifiant d'une personne sur Autoroc]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/La Grange ID|La Grange ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rakuten Books author ID|Rakuten Books author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/RtYx Roles and contributions of ? in Fictional Universes and Media franchises] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Jheald-20260627104200-Fantastoria-20260627091900|source]]) * Schema examples: it's World Cup time so here's 2 soccer/football-related EntitySchemas. ** [[d:EntitySchema:E404|E404:Swedish Soccer Player]] and [[d:EntitySchema:E183|E183:Chilean Women's Football Players]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Logic|WikiProject Logic]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Roots_and_Rhythms|WikiProject Roots and Rhythms]] * WikiProject Highlights: GovDirectory has opened a [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Madagascar|Madagascar]] page. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q615|Lionel Messi]] - 6 World Cups, scoring in the last 7 consecutive matches. ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are continuing to evaluate the prototype for reducing the number of unnecessary edits from Wikidata that show up in watchlist and recent changes of Wikipedia and co. The approach is to look at the diff of the rendered article before and after the change from Wikidata is made. If there is no difference then the change is probably not relevant for that article. We are collecting a sample to further understand how it performs. ** To continue to address Wikidata's scaling issues, we are planning the migration of entity usage tables to the X1 cluster. * Mobile editing of statements: ** We implemented more feedback from testing of the new mobile front-end. Specifically we worked on making it clearer when a statements already exist that the editor is trying to add to the Item. ** Additionally, we made minor improvements to the look and feel of the mobile front-end. * REST API: ** REST search routes now take apihighlimits right into account ([[phab:T428032]]) ** We are starting to work on Lexeme support ([[phab:T429572]], [[phab:T429332]]) * GraphQL: ** We added support for requesting “best statements” for a given Property ([[phab:T428138]]) ** We are working on adding support for negation in Property value pair filters ([[phab:T429580]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Poland|Poland]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:51, 29 June 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30720282 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Paulo César Vinha State Park]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Capim dourado.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Paulo César Vinha State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha) is a state park in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It protects an area of dunes, lagoons and marshes along the Atlantic shore. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:35, 6 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Tech News: 2026-28 == <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:54, 6 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #739 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-07-06. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#738]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Closed request for adminship: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Interface administrator/1Veertje|1Veertje]] - '''Closed as Successful''' **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Ziv|Ziv]] - '''Closed as Successful''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/gov-wikidata-match 1|gov-wikidata-match 1]] - '''Task/s:''' Link existing GOV (historical gazetteer) building-like objects to existing Wikidata building-like objects. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AgenticCommonsBot 1|AgenticCommonsBot 1]] - '''Task/s:''' Add [[Property:P648|Open Library ID <small>(P648)</small>]] (OpenLibrary author ID) to Wikidata items about people, only where the OpenLibrary author and the Wikidata person have been confirmed to be the same individual, with a source on every statement. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/JigildikBot|JigildikBot]] - '''Approved''' **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/SonalBot|SonalBot]] - '''Approved''' **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/ias-kbase|ias-kbase]] - '''Approved''' ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The Wikidata Platform (WDP) [[D:Event:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours - July 2026|monthly office hour]] takes place '''tomorrow''', {{zonestamp|2026-07-07 16:00|7th July at 16:00 UTC}}. These office hours are focus on the Blazegraph migration work, and the team is inviting all community members to join the discussion. ''Register via [[D:Event:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours - July 2026|the event page]]'' ** The next Wikidata+Wikibase office hours will take place on Wednesday, 18:00 CEST (in your [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1783526400/1783530000?zdl=fU_LqsJADP2a6SZwqXMf9C66UEHQpSiu4zR2otNMnUkX_r2jG8GFEEjCeXDOlELrVcdsvufGrsro10BlnSOL86jlXNNyG-vz7x772XX7s7s0K819JThQe-ALd6gIxv7B4zliJoinEzsCH6dUdZRd4lE5SrsfXRxY-ifzowyiwIE6odzhzdglNOphM4Ub2LpIjG1mTYlc17CgFFiM_QcWUE8v7x0F6hMOUHqIUKhCdPjM8Y7cAQ timezone]), 08th July 2026 in the Wikidata Telegram group. The Wikidata and Wikibase office hours are online events where the development team presents what they have been working on over the past quarter, and the community is welcome to ask questions and discuss important issues related to the development of Wikidata and Wikibase. ** [[m:Event:WMUK_Sandbox_Sessions/Improving_Wikidata_References:_The_Reference_Validator_Tool|Sandbox sessions: Wikidata Reference Validator Tool - improving Wikidata references]] - Aug 15, 17:00 - 18:00 UTC. ** [https://wikiedu.org/courses/documenting-america-wikidata/ Wiki Education + AASLH: Documenting America with Wikidata], a collaboration between Wiki Education and the American Association for State and Local History is offering six hour-long meetings held weekly to introduce attendees to Wikidata and improve content for Wikidata and Wikipedia on American history. Registration ends: July 17, 23:59 Pacific Time (PT) ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: (fr) [[:w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:RAW/2026-07-05#Le_point_sur_la_diversit%C3%A9_de_genre_dans_les_articles|Le point sur la diversité de genre dans les articles]] in *Regards sur l'actualité du mouvement Wikimedia* * Papers: ** Spatiotemporal-Heuristic A* Search for Pruning - Historical Influence and Succession Paths in Wikidata - [https://informatika.stei.itb.ac.id/~rinaldi.munir/Stmik/2025-2026/Makalah2026/13524106_Michael%20James%20Liman_Makalah%20Stima.pdf Paper], by Michael James Liman (2026). ** Wikontic: Constructing Wikidata-Aligned, Ontology-Aware Knowledge Graphs with Large Language Models - [https://aclanthology.org/2026.eacl-long.388/ Paper] by Chepurova et al., (2026). * Videos: (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AL_pyY2PIOE Introduction to Wikidata] - Dr. Claudia De Souza and Prof. Dinah Wilson Fraites introduce Wikidata with Spanish-slides. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://zelph.org/ Zelph]: Offers powerful analysis capabilities for the complete Wikidata knowledge graph while remaining adaptable for any semantic domain. * [https://viz.luarai.com/worldcup-heights World Cup Heights]: An interactive data‑viz app that shows the heights of FIFA World Cup players, arranged so you can quickly compare teams, positions, and overall height distributions. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[d:Event:WikidataCon 2027/Call for expressions of interest to host|Call for local partners: WikidataCon 2027]]: Planning is underway for the next hybrid WikidataCon, and Wikimedia Deutschland is seeking a local affiliate to co-organize the on-site event. Expressions of Interest are due by 13 July. * The Wikidata Platform team has published the [[D:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|8th issue of its monthly newsletter]]. This edition includes updates on the migration of WDQS backend away from Blazegraph, including a transition into the next phase '''Initial Implementation (pilot) phase''' following completion of the '''installation phase'''. This update also include some Documentation on Query Rewrites the team will like the Wikidata community and all WDQS users to help review and leave feedbacks. ''see [[D:Wikidata:Wikidata_Platform_team/Newsletter|WDP monthly newsletter]] for more details'' ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest General datatypes: **[[:d:Property:P14559|prisoner number]] (<nowiki>number or identifier assigned to a prisoner, to be used as a qualifier for P2632 (place of detention)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14574|photographer]] (<nowiki>person who took this photograph</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14595|‎Gmedia rating (video games)]] (<nowiki>video game ratings of the Saudi Arabian rating system</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14603|visual style]] (<nowiki>the visual style used in a video game (or other creative work)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14610|garden]] (<nowiki>garden of this subject</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14613|objects (category theory)]] (<nowiki>the precise objects of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14614|morphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise morphisms of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14615|terminal object]] (<nowiki>the precise terminal object of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14616|initial object]] (<nowiki>the precise initial object of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14617|products (category theory)]] (<nowiki>the precise products of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14618|coproducts (category theory)]] (<nowiki>the precise coproducts of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14619|isomorphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise isomorphisms of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14620|monomorphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise monomorphisms of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14621|epimorphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise epimorphisms of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14622|regular monomorphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise regular monomorphisms of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14623|regular epimorphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise isomorphisms of the category (category theory)</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14624|left adjoint]] (<nowiki>the left adjoint of the functor</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14625|enriched over]] (<nowiki>the base monoidal category, bicategory, etc. of the enriched category</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14626|monoidal category operation]] (<nowiki>the “tensor product” bifunctor of the monoidal category</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14627|2-morphisms]] (<nowiki>the precise 2-morphisms of the 2-category</nowiki>) **[[:d:Property:P14635|taxon footprint]] (<nowiki>image of a footprint of this taxon</nowiki>) * Newest External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14558|Sri Lankan Parliament member ID]], [[:d:Property:P14560|‎Taiwan Central News Agency news tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P14561|Model-Kartei.de ID]], [[:d:Property:P14562|Wildenstein Plattner Institute ID]], [[:d:Property:P14564|Web The Television work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14565|Web The Television person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14566|U-NEXT person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14567|U-NEXT video ID]], [[:d:Property:P14568|Sokmil director ID]], [[:d:Property:P14569|Sokmil idol ID]], [[:d:Property:P14570|socrealizm.com.ua person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14571|Répertoire des films classés film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14572|‎regjeringen.no ministry ID]], [[:d:Property:P14573|‎regjeringen.no politician ID]], [[:d:Property:P14575|Objectif plumes work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14576|National Operator Code (UK)]], [[:d:Property:P14577|‎Extended Defence of Britain Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14578|Pacelli edition person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14579|Myludo game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14580|MyDirtyHobby ID]], [[:d:Property:P14581|Maoyan film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14582|‎Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument number]], [[:d:Property:P14583|Letterboxd writer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14584|KSW organization ID]], [[:d:Property:P14585|KSW person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14586|KSW place ID]], [[:d:Property:P14587|1SCREEN movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14588|1SCREEN Person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14589|‎Artistas Visuales Chilenos propertyvalue ID]], [[:d:Property:P14590|‎Canadian Trademark Registration Number]], [[:d:Property:P14591|occitanica.eu ID]], [[:d:Property:P14592|Hancinema company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14593|ZicTrad person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14594|H-NEXT Person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14596|FOD video ID]], [[:d:Property:P14597|Farzonagon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14598|d Hits artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14599|ABEMA video ID]], [[:d:Property:P14600|17LIVE ID]], [[:d:Property:P14604|‎regjeringen.no government ID]], [[:d:Property:P14605|Pure Adult actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14606|Pure Adult studio ID]], [[:d:Property:P14607|‎GBIF taxon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14608|Digital portrait index person (GND) ID]], [[:d:Property:P14609|torial username]], [[:d:Property:P14611|Pontifical Urbaniana University ID]], [[:d:Property:P14628|CatDat category ID]], [[:d:Property:P14629|CatDat functor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14630|CatDat category property ID]], [[:d:Property:P14631|CatDat functor property ID]], [[:d:Property:P14632|‎Samtrafiken-vehicle ID]], [[:d:Property:P14633|GIGA actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14634|Zen Pictures actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14636|Olyrix artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14637|AutorÒc 16-18 author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New General datatypes property proposals to review:: **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dielectric strenght|dielectric strenght]] (<nowiki>maximum electric field a material can withstand before electrical breakdown occurs</nowiki>) **[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/about page URL|about page URL]] (<nowiki>URL to the official about page</nowiki>) * New External identifier property proposals to review: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rakuten Books author ID|Rakuten Books author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rakuten TV adult Person ID|Rakuten TV adult Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant sur le Western Orthodox Wiki|Identifiant sur le Western Orthodox Wiki]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Le GRoG ID|Le GRoG ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NHK On Demand Program ID|NHK On Demand Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Centre for Computing History exhibit reference ID|Centre for Computing History exhibit reference ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GCD character ID|GCD character ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identificador de agente econômico na ANCINE|Identificador de agente econômico na ANCINE]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/1SCREEN Program ID|1SCREEN Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Architectenregister-id|Architectenregister-id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LUDAP ID|LUDAP ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TakaWiki ID|TakaWiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Terceiro Tempo Que Fim Levou ID|Terceiro Tempo Que Fim Levou ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BiDünyaFilm film ID|BiDünyaFilm film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CNUC code|CNUC code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Steady username|Steady username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NHK ONE Program ID|NHK ONE Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SongLyrics.com song ID|SongLyrics.com song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Braunschweiger ProfKat ID|Braunschweiger ProfKat ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ClayArena shooter profile ID|ClayArena shooter profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Open Collective ID|Open Collective ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anobii author ID|Anobii author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Development ''' * The development team are at an offsite retreat this week. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/France|France]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:05, 6 July 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30773585 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VI, June 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Tools, tech, and Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: New digitization partner * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Bangladesh report|Bangladesh report]]: International Museum Day Edit-a-thon and Workshop held in Dinajpur, Bangladesh * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Postal Mission on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Empowering Institutions through Wikisource Education and GLAM Capacity Building * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Bridging the gap between labs and Wikipedia: continuing cooperation with FZU * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: From Museum Celebrations to Archival Documentation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Northern Wikimedist meetup in Oulu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: #1lib1ref Recap and International Archives Week * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Heritage and Community Action * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Open GLAM in Puebla * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Interview with Olaf Janssen, Wikimedia coordinator of the KB, National library of the Netherlands * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: BAU at Auckland Museum, Otago Uni Library Life and the NZBSI WiR is complete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Collaboration with the Botanical garden at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in Skopje * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Poland Report: New Partnerships, Conferences, and Wikimedians in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Opening the Doors of Serbian Heritage: Wikimedia Serbia’s Recent GLAM and Wikidata Successes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: GLAM Labs Futures 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Finnish-Swedish cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Exhibition, International Archives Week Panel * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Ninth Good Article from Khalili partnership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Philadelphia WikiSalon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Is the sauna still hot? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:35, 11 July 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30773577 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Caledonian MacBrayne]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cal-Mac HQ2005.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Caledonian MacBrayne''', in short form CalMac, is the trade name of CalMac Ferries Ltd, the major operator of passenger and vehicle ferries to the west coast of Scotland, serving ports on the mainland and 22 of the major islands. It is a subsidiary of holding company David MacBrayne, which is owned by the Scottish Government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:20, 13 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == ''The Signpost'': 13 July 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/News and notes|An exclusive club]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/In the media|Battle for a soul - who won?]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Opinion|We need to innovate with Wikimedia decision-making]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Recent research|LLMs and NPOV, 20 years of user blocks, Esperanto and Volapük Wikipedias]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/News from Diff|How to host Wikicurious in your own community]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Community view|CUNY Newmark Wikimedian-in-Residence Quarterly Brief – April to June 2026]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Special report|Wikipedia escapes Category 1 designation under the UK Online Safety Act - for now]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/On the bright side|Fatherhood, weather, and diplomacy]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Op-ed|A Layup Easy Proposal for Wikimedia at 25: Spend 25% of Donations on the Community]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Traffic report|The grass was greener, the light was brighter]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Comix|schnozzed]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 07:27, 13 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30775662 --> == Tech News: 2026-29 == <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:08, 13 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #740 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-07-13. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#739]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> '''Discussions''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/GA_Kevin|GA Kevin]] - <small>RfP scheduled to end after 14 July 2026 18:40 (UTC)</small> * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/Nabbot_2|Nabbot 2]] - '''Task:''' Translating English descriptions to Turkish using a predefined dictionary mapping. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/AgenticCommonsBot_1|AgenticCommonsBot 1]] - '''Task:''' Add [[d:Property:P648|Open Library ID (P648)]] (OpenLibrary author ID) to items about people, where the OpenLibrary author and Wikidata person are the same individual, when every statement is sourced. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/EquipboardBot|EquipboardBot]] - '''Task''': Add [[d:Property:P6912|Equipboard artist ID (P6912)]] to Wikidata items for musicians, sourced from Equipboard's own database of public artist identifiers. * Call for Participation in Improving Constraints ** Just about any aspect of constraints is in scope, from rewriting existing bots to expanding the power of property constraints to adding new kinds of constraint. If you are interested, sign up in [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_property_constraints/improving|WikiProject Property Constraints/improving]]. '''Events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[wmania:2026:Wikimania|Wikimania 2026]] is fast approaching. Taking place 21 - 25 July in Paris, France. Can't attend? Register for a ticket to the [[wmania:2026:Registration|virtual event]] and watch sessions online. ** Interested in [[mw:Wikibase/Ontology-Federation|Wikibase Ontology Federation]]? Join the July 14 call, see the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Cleaning_Task_Force#Tuesday,_14_July_2026,_11:30_EDT_(UTC-4)|Cleaning Task Force]] page for more details. * Previous events: ** The 3rd Quarter Wikidata + Wikibase office hour was held. The transcript is available to read:<br>[[d:Wikidata:Events/Telegram_office_hour_2026-07-08|Wikidata:Events/Telegram office hour 2026 07 08]] '''Press, articles, blog posts, videos''' * Blogs ** [[Diffblog:2026/07/10/behind-better-data-inside-wikidatas-first-wikiprojects-days|Behind Better Data: Inside Wikidata’s First WikiProjects Days]] ** [[Diffblog:2026/07/12/africa-wiki-challenge-2026-in-the-ghanaian-pidgin-community-documenting-water-for-life-through-wikimedia-projects|Africa Wiki Challenge 2026 in the Ghanaian Pidgin Community: Documenting “Water for Life” Through Wikimedia Projects]] ** [[Diffblog:2026/07/09/reflecting-on-progress-and-planning-ahead-dagbani-wikimedians-user-group-holds-its-last-quarter-team-meeting|Reflecting on progress and planning ahead: Dagbani Wikimedians User Group holds its last quarter team meeting]] ** [[Diffblog:2026/07/08/eduwiki-workshop-combining-petscan-and-generative-ai-for-smarter-wikipedia-editing|EduWiki Workshop: Combining PETScan and Generative AI for Smarter Wikipedia Editing]] ** [https://computationalhistory.substack.com/p/why-computational-historians-need Why Computational Historians need Wikidata] - a substack article by Jim Clifford * Papers ** [https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3805712.3808389 A Demonstration of WikiRAG: An Evidence-based Link Prediction for Wikidata with Retrieval Augmented Generation] - WikiRAG is an interactive framework that combines automated link prediction with retrieval‑augmented generation and human validation to reliably complete knowledge graphs like Wikidata by generating candidate links, retrieving supporting evidence, and enabling users to confirm and export validated triples. By Sabu, et al., (2026) * Videos ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=GRS-0nMsb1Q&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m Using Open Refine] by Wikimedia Australia, Paul Duchesne presents "Using OpenRefine" during WikiCon Australia 2026, (National Film and Sound Archive, Canberra). ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=oq2fjfAhsgc&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m Let’s Get Mappy - making maps on Wikimedia platforms] by Wikimedia Australia, Alex Lum presents how location (pushpin) maps, locator maps, and interactive "slippy" local maps end up on Wikipedia, and how infoboxes, Wikidata and OpenStreetMap works together to generate them ** (繁體中文/zh-TW) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaOjh92PPuI Tutorial on Editing Temple Data for Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons] - recording of a workshop (July 5) on Tutorial on Editing Temple Data for Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons, held by Wikimedia Taiwan Community and OSM Taiwan. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxCTNRqnOKw Open data tools for cultural heritage] 2nd session in the workshop series “Open Data to Strengthen Online Cultural Heritage,” held March 24, 2026, and organized by the National Library of Uruguay (BNU), Wikimedians of Uruguay, Datysoc, and Data Uruguay. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZrzycFNeVyI GLAMs and Citizen Science Encouraging and Enabling Participation] - Siobhan Leachman presents "citizen science workflows" (BHL, iNaturalist, Bionomia, Wikidata) to show how GLAM's can empower citizen scientists to reuse their collections. '''Tool of the week''' *[https://rudof-project.github.io/ rudof] can be used as a command line tool or can be embedded as a library using cargo. It can be used to validate RDF data represented with different syntaxes like Turtle, NTriples, to name a few. As well as RDF data available through SPARQL endpoints like Wikidata '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' * A [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-Ainali-20260623132900-Need_of_a_process_to_become_a_mentor|Project Chat discussion]] on the new [[mw:Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship features]]. Self-enrollment has been enabled with the following requirements - account age: 365 days, edits: 500. * There is also a [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-Bovlb-20260709235700-Discussion|proposal]] to add an advisory message to new accounts that create multiple items. '''Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14638|Rakuten TV adult person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14639|KBS News topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14640|Rakuten Books author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14641|PTS News Network topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14642|Nakamura Kikaku ID]], [[:d:Property:P14643|‎La Grange person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14644|‎Fontaines de Belgique ID]], [[:d:Property:P14645|NHK On Demand program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14646|1SCREEN program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14647|LUDAP ID]], [[:d:Property:P14648|Bianco keyword ID]], [[:d:Property:P14649|Architectenregister ID]], [[:d:Property:P14650|‎ClayArena shooter profile ID]], [[:d:Property:P14651|‎Sundsvall Municipality opendata beach ID]], [[:d:Property:P14652|Terceiro Tempo Que Fim Levou ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/relocated from|relocated from]] (<nowiki>Object is the original or former {{Q|17334923}} of the permanently relocated {{Q|16222597}}</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenType script tag|OpenType script tag]] (<nowiki>identifier for a script in OpenType</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/transforms from|transforms from]] (<nowiki>this fictional or mythical entity transforms from that form</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Korean Classification of Administrative Districts|Korean Classification of Administrative Districts]] (<nowiki>code assigned to an administrative district of South Korea in the Korean Classification of Administrative Districts</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anobii book ID|Anobii book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Google Maps Place ID|Google Maps Place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Viberate Artist ID|Viberate Artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage style ID|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage style ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage designer ID|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage designer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TuneCore Japan artist ID|TuneCore Japan artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deltarune Wiki article ID|Deltarune Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/INAPP OA author ID|INAPP OA author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CNR-IRIS ID|CNR-IRIS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AnimeOshi anime ID|AnimeOshi anime ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Guide Japan Person ID|Guide Japan Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CD Journal Artist ID|CD Journal Artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CIDIM Artist ID|CIDIM Artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Operabook Artist ID|Operabook Artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mizan al-Arab poet ID|Mizan al-Arab poet ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Norton Simon Museum object ID|Norton Simon Museum object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenStreetMap data item ID|OpenStreetMap data item ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant sur le Western Orthodox Wiki|Identifiant sur le Western Orthodox Wiki]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A World Made by Travel person ID|A World Made by Travel person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scent Base notes ID|Scent Base notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/radio.net IDs|radio.net IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scent Base perfumer ID|Scent Base perfumer ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! '''Did you know?''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/SJfA Items only connected to Telugu Wikipedia] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Ainali-20260712084300-Stefan_Kühn-20260712083900|source]]) - change the language code 'te' to make it work with any other Wikipedia * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E269|French historic monument (E269)]] - With Wikimania taking place in the French Capital, you can use this entity schema if you feel inspired to or expand items on French monuments. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Pleasant_Goat_and_Big_Big_Wolf|Project Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf]] - a Chinese-animated television franchise. ** (Français) [[d:Wikidata:Wikiproject_Orthodox_Christianity|Project Orthodox Christianity]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_SUNY_Libraries_EMCO|Project SUNY Libraries EMCO]] * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Poland|Project Govdirectory Poland]] added several new subpages detailing coverage and progress on State, Local Agencies and Marshall's Offices. **[[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_property_constraints|Project Property Constraints]] added a subpage: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_property_constraints/improving|Improving]] - a call for participation, as a result of discussions during WikiProjects Days 2026. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Most_sitelinked_items/with_statements|Most sitelinked Items (with statements)]] '''Development''' * Blazegraph migration: We are continuing to prepare the Query UI, Query Builder, constraint checks, etc for the migration to QLever ([[phab:T425618]]) * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are investigating some Lua modules to find ones responsible for a lot of unnecessary entries in Watchlist and Recent changes on Wikipedia and co ([[phab:T429366]]) * GraphQL: Added support for negation in property value pair filters ([[phab:T429580]]) * REST API: We are working on the first pieces of support for Lexemes: retrieving a full Lexeme ([[phab:T429332]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. '''Weekly Tasks''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2026 07 06|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current| Help translate]] · [[:d:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] [[:d:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]] ·''' [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:01, 13 July 2026 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30773585 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immigration to Switzerland]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In 2023, resident foreigners made up 26.3% of Switzerland's population. Most of these (83%) were from European countries. Italy provided the largest single group of foreigners, accounting for 14.7% of total foreign population, followed closely by Germany (14.0%), Portugal (11.7%), France (6.6%), Kosovo (5.1%), Spain (3.9%), Turkey (3.1%), North Macedonia (3.1%), Serbia (2.8%), Austria (2.0%), United Kingdom (1.9%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1.3%) and Croatia (1.3%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka (1.3%), most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group of Asian origin (7.9%). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 20 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikidata weekly summary 741 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-07-20. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#740]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/RupumpedBot|RupumpedBot]] - '''Task/s:''' When an Item on a Kenyan river has a Swahili label but no English version, this bot will derive an English label and description. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/William_Avery_Bot_14|William Avery Bot 14]] - '''Task/s:''' Change values of url properties in mainspace that link to http://web.archive.org/ to use the https protocol (requested at [[d:Wikidata:Bot_requests#Request_to_make_HTTPS_for_Wayback_Machine_recurrent_(2026-07-17)|Bot requests#Make HTTPS for Wayback Machine recurrent]]) ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** Wikimania is about to begin. Whether you're attending on-site or virtually, plan your sessions so you don't miss any. *** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/schedule/ Full program] / [[wmania:2026:Program/Wikidata|Wikidata-only program]] *** Get your [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/ virtual ticket] ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #91 Aug 10 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ** [https://force11.org/post/webinar-metadata-for-all-with-wikidata Force11 webinar: Metadata for all with Wikidata] will look at three novel applications, WikiCite, the Trans Music Achive and the Pratt Institute. Held online August 26, 13-14:00 UTC. Please register for the access link. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://blog.johl.io/calling-wikifunctions-for-der-die-das/ Calling Wikifunctions for der, die, das] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/07/18/how-to-strengthen-the-public-domain-with-wikidata/ How to strengthen the public domain with Wikidata] ** [https://rtnf.substack.com/p/altilunium-panoply-v26719 Altilunium Panoply v26.7.19] : In this latest release, the external Wikidata connection logic has undergone a major architectural overhaul to improve internal trace mapping. * Videos: ** (Svenska) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiYEdXCA3z4 Strategic inclusion of library data on Wikidata] - first recorded at Digikult 2019, with Alicia Fagerving. ** (Français) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FA5i80xTXpU I’ll explain how Wikidata works! (Livestream recording)], [[d:User:Lyoko%C3%AF|User:Lyokoï]] will introduce Wikidata and its concepts and the fundamentals of editing. ** (繁體中文/zh-TW) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCswknRt7wg Wikivoyage Guidelines for editing Temple information] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGtGZhE7e-E How to use Wikibase for Mixed Methods Research], with Francesco Bailo. Recorded at SICSS Melbourne 2026 (Summer Institute in Computational Social Science). * Games: [https://www.webwoven.org/ Webwoven] - a new game has surfaced, powered by Wikidata. Race from start to finish in as few connections as possible. Already includes Leaderboards, daily challenges and multiplayer. Sure to be a hit at future Wikidata events. ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://wikivibes.toolforge.org/#/ wikivibes] is a tool by [[User:Magnus Manske|Magnus Magnus]] that play public domain music from Commons, tracked by Wikidata ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Jobs: ** [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/65367316/Interim-Engineering-Manager-Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Projects-all-genders-?jobDbPVId=279178738&l=en (Interim) Engineering Manager - Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects] - Hybrid ** [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/8060307?gh_src=uginyj6n1us Senior Software Engineer, Wikidata Platform] - Remote ** [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/8060261?gh_src=4n8hpqkx1us Software Engineer, Wikidata Platform] - Remote ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ***[[:d:Property:P14659|‎about page URL]] (<nowiki>URL to the official about page</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14653|Western Orthodox Wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P14654|Steady publication ID]], [[:d:Property:P14655|‎Open Collective ID]], [[:d:Property:P14656|‎Guide du Rôliste Galactique ID]], [[:d:Property:P14657|CNUC code]], [[:d:Property:P14658|Centre for Computing History exhibit reference ID]], [[:d:Property:P14660|Braunschweiger ProfKat ID]], [[:d:Property:P14661|CNR-IRIS author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14662|Anobii Book ID]], [[:d:Property:P14663|Anobii author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14664|TuneCore Japan artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14665|TakaWiki numeric page ID]], [[:d:Property:P14666|Norton Simon Museum object ID]], [[:d:Property:P14667|Guide Japan Person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14668|CD Journal artist ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/autoptic examination|autoptic examination]] (<nowiki>time of last direct examination of the inscribed object</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tabular data series|Tabular data series]] (<nowiki>A tabular data series in Commons that models the given concept</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/data series|data series]] (<nowiki>A data series about the given topic.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/incumbent before dissolution|incumbent before dissolution]] (<nowiki>entity incumbent in a position before its dissolution for an election</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/former operator|former operator]] (<nowiki>entity, company, military service, or organisation which is notable for previously operated the item, aircraft, vehicle, or other equipment</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/número de la plaza|número de la plaza]] (<nowiki>square number</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PISAI ID|PISAI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ko-fi page ID|Ko-fi page ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scent Base brand ID|Scent Base brand ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Etsy shop name|Etsy shop name]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overcast podcast ID|Overcast podcast ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Grillplatser.nu ID|Grillplatser.nu ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Criticker Film ID|Criticker Film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/HAND ID|HAND ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Open Language Archives Community language code|Open Language Archives Community language code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Ciel d'oc d'une publication|identifiant Ciel d'oc d'une publication]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ODiD ID|ODiD ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Generic/Numero de Registre Tributari|Generic/Numero de Registre Tributari]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UntitledDb People ID|UntitledDb People ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MissEvan drama ID|MissEvan drama ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MissEvan sound ID|MissEvan sound ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MissEvan ID|MissEvan ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MissEvan voice actor ID|MissEvan voice actor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fmfenxiang FM ID|Fmfenxiang FM ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fmfenxiang sound ID|Fmfenxiang sound ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fmfenxiang seiyuu ID|Fmfenxiang seiyuu ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Development ''' * Wikidata Query Service: We are working on adapting the Query Service UI to get it ready for the move to QLever * Mobile editing of statements: We are continuing to fix small issues found in testing * Lexemes: We are continuing the work on adding support for Lexemes to the REST API * Sustainability: ** We are preparing the migration of some database tables on the client wikis that track the usage of Wikidata's data in articles on Wikipedia and co ** We are further investigating how many changes from Wikidata that currently get sent to Wikipedia and co don't actually lead to a change in the article to be able to reduce these cases further [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:56, 20 July 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30773585 --> == Tech News: 2026-30 == <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, "media-limit-reached", will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:44, 21 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Study of Man's Impact on Climate]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> La '''Study of Man's Impact on Climate''' (traduisible en français par « Étude de l'impact de l'homme sur le climat ») est une conférence scientifique internationale consacrée à l'influence humaine sur le climat qui s'est tenue à Stockholm, en Suède, du 28 juin au 16 juillet 1971. Elle aborde diverses hypothèses parmi lesquelles la destruction de la couche d'ozone et le réchauffement (ou refroidissement) climatique, établit l'état du savoir à leur sujet et, soulignant les nombreuses inconnues qui demeurent, appelle à consacrer davantage de fonds à la recherche scientifique sur le climat. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:00, 27 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30849684 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #742 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-07-27. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#741]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/AuntuBot|AuntuBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Per the approved bot request at commons:Commons:Bots/Requests/AuntuBot, I am in the process of uploading approximately 50,000 issues of the Bangladesh Gazette to Wikimedia Commons. We need to a parent Wikidata item for each specific issue/volume to import and organize these files on Bengali Wikisource. Note that AuntuBot has already been granted a bot flag on Wikimedia Commons for the file uploads. **[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot 2|Rebot 2]] - '''Task/s:''' We recently created the new property perspective (P14345) (Wikidata:Property proposal/anatomical view). With Rebot, I plan to move: *About 570 statements from depicts (P180) to perspective (P14345) as a property *About 1400 statements from depicts (P180) to perspective (P14345) as a qualifier of image (P18) **[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot 3|Rebot 3]] - '''Task/s:''' Import 1389 instances of taxon author citation (P6507) from this Catalan Wikipedia list, compiled by bot from the articles. **[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot 4|Rebot 4]] - '''Task/s:''' The task consists in changing these 1072 items. It has to change creator (P170) to the new property photographer (P14574). Also there are 1000+ items in which the property should be used as a qualifier. **[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Openpep|Openpep]] - '''Task/s:''' Maintenance of Politically Exposed Person (PEP) data on Wikidata for Thai government officials. Specifically: *Creating new Wikidata items for Thai politicians not yet in the database *Adding P39 (position held) claims with proper qualifiers (P580 start time, P582 end time, P2937 legislative term for legislators, P1365/P1366 replaces/replaced by, P1545 series ordinal) *Adding P102 (member of political party) with date qualifiers *Adding P569 (date of birth), P106 (occupation), P21 (sex or gender), P19 (place of birth), P1559 (name in native language) *Setting and correcting labels, descriptions, and aliases *Removing incorrect claims and deduplicating *Adding social media profiles (P2003 Instagram, P2013 Facebook, P11705 Facebook numeric ID) **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/DutchFixer|DutchFixer]] - '''Task/s:''' Reformat Dutch verb forms that are listed as [[Q1994301|past tense <small>(Q1994301)</small>]], [[Q814722|participle <small>(Q814722)</small>]] to simply use [[Q12717679|past participle <small>(Q12717679)</small>]] ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** Vladimir Terentyev used the set of names for [https://vova.today/en/works/plofornot/ every dish from Wikidata] -- labels and aliases in every language -- along with restaurant data from OpenStreetMap to develop a world map of dish names, attempting to answer the research question: "Where does plov end and biryani begin, and who really draws these borders?" ** [https://oshwa.org/announcements/giving-open-source-hardware-a-place-on-wikidata/ Giving Open Source Hardware a Place on Wikidata] ** [https://blog.tib.eu/2026/07/27/simplified-entry-of-complex-data-into-wikibase/ Simplified entry of complex data into Wikibase] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/07/24/grateful-and-growing-reflecting-on-my-wiki-afrodemics-fellowship-pilot-cohort/ Grateful and Growing: Reflecting on My Wiki Afrodemics Fellowship, Pilot Cohort] * Papers: [https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/42790 DivinWD: Exploring the Diversity of Scientific Publications in Wikidata] - DivinWD is a large open-source dataset of over 23 million triples and 1.2 million scholarly articles (2010–2024), integrating Wikidata with five bibliographic sources and gender data to enable transparent diversity analyses in science while documenting biases and infrastructural limitations. By Saletti et. al., (2026) ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://osm.wikidata.link/ OWL Places], the Wikidata-OpenStreetMap matching tool, can now add OpenStreetMap IDs to Wikidata ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikibaseug@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4ODLBGNPJVVMLFCRJUMODQ3SQEPPOXCE/ Wikibase Suite Deploy 7.1.0 and other upgrades] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14669|dielectric strength]] (<nowiki>electric field strength that causes electrical breakdown of an insulating material under specified test conditions</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14672|still taken from the audiovisual work]] (<nowiki>image comes from the given audiovisual work</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14670|Operabook artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14671|‎MPA certificate number]], [[:d:Property:P14673|‎Deltarune Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14674|A World Made by Travel person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14675|UntitledDb person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fediverse app|Fediverse app]] (<nowiki>Fediverse platform of the instance or address</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fediverse instance URL|Fediverse instance URL]] (<nowiki>Ferdiverse instance of/about the subject</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/reference amount|reference amount]] (<nowiki>Amount of the food that contains a particular quantity of a nutrient.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Qidian Book ID|Qidian Book ID]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Garance item ID|Garance item ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kinorating|Kinorating]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IGN producer|IGN producer]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fediverse address|Fediverse address]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Music & Opera artist ID|Music & Opera artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LFL player ID|LFL player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Soccer365.net tournament ID|Soccer365.net tournament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/kicker.de coach ID|kicker.de coach ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BeSoccer team ID|BeSoccer team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FootballFakts.ru stadium ID|FootballFakts.ru stadium ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SofaScore tournament ID|SofaScore tournament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foot Mercato club ID|Foot Mercato club ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lithuanian movie register ID|Lithuanian movie register ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foot Mercato referee ID|Foot Mercato referee ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BeSoccer referee ID|BeSoccer referee ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kicker.de referee ID|Kicker.de referee ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Soccer365.net referee ID|Soccer365.net referee ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UNESCO Observatory of Killed Journalists ID|UNESCO Observatory of Killed Journalists ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Soccer365.net stadium ID|Soccer365.net stadium ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MFL player ID|MFL player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Okko movie ID|Okko movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RIA Novosti organization ID|RIA Novosti organization ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenParliamentTV person ID|OpenParliamentTV person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenParliamentTV organization ID|OpenParliamentTV organization ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenParliamentTV term ID|OpenParliamentTV term ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Camping.se ID|Camping.se ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/classicalive artist ID|classicalive artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Chess Games tournament ID|Chess Games tournament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Chess.com tournament ID|Chess.com tournament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MusiciansPage artist ID|MusiciansPage artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Flemish educational institution number|Flemish educational institution number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Giovani Artisti italiani ID|Giovani Artisti italiani ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/365chess.com tournament ID|365chess.com tournament ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Norwegian Athletics athlete ID|Norwegian Athletics athlete ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LinkedIn numeric company ID|LinkedIn numeric company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lulu spotlight ID|Lulu spotlight ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RPGnet Index ID|RPGnet Index ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EU Treaties and Agreements database ID|EU Treaties and Agreements database ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Development ''' * The team were at Wikimania this past week so not much development happened. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:32, 27 July 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30846852 --> == Tech News: 2026-31 == <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:46, 27 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == This Month in Education: July 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 7 • July 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia|Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival|Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor|Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026|PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community|Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge|Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere|Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil|Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects|Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026|1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM|We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 19:48, 30 July 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30838310 --> == ''The Signpost'': 2 August 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/In the media|Union drive, most prolific editor make headlines]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/News and notes|Foundation rejects voluntary recognition of union, proposed board eligibility rules sharply restrict candidates]] * WikiConference: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/WikiConference|"Kurier, Signpost, wikipress: You can be a Wikimedia journalist" - Wikimania presentation by User:Noé Recap]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/In focus|Is Larry Sanger the co-founder of Wikipedia?]] * Arbitration report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Arbitration report|Think, and not just about content]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/News from Diff|Meet the Wikimedians of the Year 2026!]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/On the bright side|The beautiful game]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Traffic report|Odyssey and Oyarzabal]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Comix|Well-spotted]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 10:17, 2 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30775662 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Plot of Prats de Molló]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ca:Fets de Prats de Molló]])&#32;([[:es:Complot de Prats de Molló]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''plot of Prats de Molló''' was an attempted military invasion of Catalonia carried out from France to achieve its independence planned by Francesc Macià and the leadership of the Estat Català party, discovered and aborted in 1926. The plan consisted of the penetration of two columns (one from Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans, the other from Coll d'Ares), which were to occupy Olot and proclaim the Catalan Republic. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:11, 3 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30879613 --> == Tech News: 2026-32 == <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia. * Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:43, 3 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #743 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-08-04. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#742]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' *[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/INAPerson 1|INAPerson 1]] - Task/s: Create Wikidata pages entries for mostly French journalists, using INA (French National Audiovisual Institute) catalogue as reference. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[Diffblog:wikimedia-research-conference-in-the-cee-region-programme-coming-in-august-registration-open|Wikimedia & Research conference in the CEE region: programme coming in August, registration open]] - follow link for registration instructions, (onsite) open until August 26, (online) open until at least October 5. Event takes place Katowice, Poland, October 9-10, 2026. ** [https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2026/sessions/workshop-wikidata-open-innovation/ Workshop: Wikidata for Open Innovation] - DCMI 226. Held on August 3 by Kalliopi Mathios, participants will get hands-on experience of Wikidata for use in Libraries, Industry and Communities. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Papers: ** the [[:d:Q140818826|proceedings]] of the conference [[:d:Q131418010|Wikidata and Research]] (cf. [[:meta:Wikidata and research|Meta page]]), held in Florence (Italy) on June 5-6, 2025, have been published on July 2026 and are available in CC-BY 4.0 license: ''[https://books.fupress.com/isbn/9791221510102 Wikidata e la ricerca. Condividere esperienze / Wikidata and Research. Sharing Experiences]''; 32 papers, 25 in English and 7 in Italian, deal with the usage of Wikidata and other Wikibase instances in different fields of academic research ** [https://arxiv.org/html/2607.25959 Detecting Knowledge Inconsistencies Across Text, Tables, and Knowledge Graphs] by Wei et al., (2026). This paper introduces ''Kontrast'': a tool for comparing Wikidata's statements against Wikipedia tables (and text) to find conflicting information or inconsistencies and missing data. * Videos: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PA8pp1Qsh4M LIVE Wikidata Editing #123] with hosts [[d:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]] and [[d:User:Abbe98|User:Abbe98]] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://leximap.toolforge.org/ Leximap]: Create a colour-coded map of Lexemes from a Wikisource page's text, roll-over individual words to discover more about the lemma * [https://thefilmmap.com/ Filmmap]: a free interactive map of filming locations built from Wikidata. Search the title to see where it’s shot or a place to see what was made there *[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Danielyepezgarces/Cradle-gadget Cradle-gadget] – A new user script embeds the Cradle form editor into Wikidata item pages, enabling schema-based editing with ShEx. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Job vacancy: [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/8060261 (Remote) Software Engineer for the Wikidata Platform team]. * [https://www.wikibase.cloud/hosting-policy/pilot Wikibase Cloud has a new hosting policy (pilot version)] * [https://f-droid.org/en/packages/app.subster/ Subster] - a timeline-based Wikidata-powered game that plays songs from your own music collection and asks you to rank it against other songs in your hand. Like a digital, cardless version of Hitster. Requires a subsonic-compatible music server to connect to. * Uyen developed a tool in which you can visualize and inspect content gaps and shared content between different Wikipedia editions, as well as topic distributions: https://wiki-gap-finder.toolforge.org/ Check it out and give them [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc-ff0w-oUCEQXoQsCRxuiz5aOiOSes6kfWti5-KsKGgOgezg/viewform feedback]. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14687|tabular data series]] (<nowiki>A tabular data series in Commons that models the given concept</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14701|infobox chronology]] (<nowiki>indicate the place of an item in an Infobox chronology, as seen on the Wikipedias.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14726|‎OpenType script tag]] (<nowiki>identifier for a script in OpenType, without trailing spaces</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14733|‎Fediverse app]] (<nowiki>Fediverse platform of the instance or address</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14734|‎Fediverse instance URL]] (<nowiki>Ferdiverse instance of/about the subject</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14676|Viberate artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14677|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage style ID]], [[:d:Property:P14678|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage designer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14679|radio.net station ID]], [[:d:Property:P14680|radio.net podcast ID]], [[:d:Property:P14681|Sokmil AV performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14682|Scent Base brand ID]], [[:d:Property:P14683|Scent Base notes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14684|Scent Base perfumers ID]], [[:d:Property:P14688|PISAI ID]], [[:d:Property:P14689|CIDIM Artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14690|Etsy shop name]], [[:d:Property:P14691|‎Open Language Archives Community language code]], [[:d:Property:P14692|‎OpenStreetMap Wiki item ID]], [[:d:Property:P14695|Ko-fi page ID]], [[:d:Property:P14696|KinoRating ID]], [[:d:Property:P14697|‎Korean Classification of Administrative Districts]], [[:d:Property:P14698|UNESCO Observatory of Killed Journalists ID]], [[:d:Property:P14699|SofaScore tournament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14700|RIA Novosti organization ID]], [[:d:Property:P14702|MFL player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14703|‎MissEvan username]], [[:d:Property:P14704|Soccer365.net referee ID]], [[:d:Property:P14705|Soccer365.net stadium ID]], [[:d:Property:P14706|Soccer365.net tournament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14707|‎IGN producer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14708|kicker.de coach ID]], [[:d:Property:P14709|Kicker.de referee ID]], [[:d:Property:P14710|Lithuanian movie register ID]], [[:d:Property:P14712|LFL player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14713|BeSoccer referee ID]], [[:d:Property:P14714|BeSoccer team ID]], [[:d:Property:P14715|OpenParliamentTV organization ID]], [[:d:Property:P14716|OpenParliamentTV person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14717|OpenParliamentTV term ID]], [[:d:Property:P14718|Foot Mercato referee ID]], [[:d:Property:P14719|Foot Mercato club ID]], [[:d:Property:P14720|FootballFakts.ru stadium ID]], [[:d:Property:P14721|Chess Games tournament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14722|Chess.com tournament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14723|‎Camping.se ID]], [[:d:Property:P14724|Garance item ID]], [[:d:Property:P14725|‎OpenType language system tag]], [[:d:Property:P14727|Okko movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14728|‎Grillplatser.nu ID]], [[:d:Property:P14729|Número de Registre Tributari]], [[:d:Property:P14730|‎MissEvan sound ID]], [[:d:Property:P14731|‎MissEvan drama ID]], [[:d:Property:P14732|‎Flemish educational institution number]], [[:d:Property:P14735|Norwegian Athletics athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P14736|RPGnet Index ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ENS name|ENS name]] (<nowiki>Ethereum Name Service (ENS) domain associated with a person or entity</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inventaire régional du patrimoine en Wallonie ID|Inventaire régional du patrimoine en Wallonie ID]] (<nowiki></nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/member of musical group|member of musical group]] (<nowiki>member of musical group</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/name type|name type]] (<nowiki>type of noun or name the sense is</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINE21 Program ID|CINE21 Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rakuten TV adult maker ID|Rakuten TV adult maker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DMM maker ID|DMM maker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/sukumizu.tv actress ID|sukumizu.tv actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GAS actress ID|GAS actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Paradise TV Parson ID|Paradise TV Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/syukou-club(X-DIABLO) actress ID|syukou-club(X-DIABLO) actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brazilian Fauna Taxonomic Catalogue ID|Brazilian Fauna Taxonomic Catalogue ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINE21 company ID|CINE21 company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/STAPI Book ID|STAPI Book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/STAPI Comics ID|STAPI Comics ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/STAPI Episode ID|STAPI Episode ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/STAPI Performer ID|STAPI Performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Qidian Author ID|Qidian Author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Medieval Unicode Font Initiative ID|Medieval Unicode Font Initiative ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple Maps place id|Apple Maps place id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmycast person ID|Filmycast person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EORI|EORI]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GBIF Specimen (occurrence)|GBIF Specimen (occurrence)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/d anime store Parson ID|d anime store Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/d anime store work ID|d anime store work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Crank-in! Parson ID|Crank-in! Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Crank-in! drama ID|Crank-in! drama ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Crank-in! animation ID|Crank-in! animation ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Crank-in! movie ID|Crank-in! movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Elite Prospects team ID|Elite Prospects team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/r-hockey.ru team ID|r-hockey.ru team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Elite Prospects stadium ID|Elite Prospects stadium ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/izohli.uz word ID|izohli.uz word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dubbinfo ID|Dubbinfo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBNL chamber of rhetoric ID|DBNL chamber of rhetoric ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BLS Code|BLS Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JoJo's Bizarre Encyclopedia article ID|JoJo's Bizarre Encyclopedia article ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/T5E4 Retrieve all Belgian writers without an article on French Wikipedia] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-ScriptaBelgica-20260723083200-ScriptaBelgica-20260719201400|source]]) * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E408|Swedish barbecue areas (E408)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Occitan|Project Occitan]] * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Broadcasting|Project Broadcasting]] - after 10 years of inactivity, the project has been revived with a flurry of activity . Of particular interest is the change in broadcasting scope from primarily airwave to internet transmission. ** [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Malaysia/Activity/Datathon/Japan_Week_Datathon/Data_Item_List/UNIS|Wiki x K-pop 2026 • Editing Party - Japan Week Datathon]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [https://wikidata-terminator.toolforge.org/?list&mode=tx#/ Wikidata Terminator] - find items that lack Label, description or sitelink. * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase Items]]: [[d:Q842|Oman (Q842)]] - state in western Asia * [[d:Wikidata:Showcase lexemes|Showcase Lexemes]]: [[d:Lexeme:L648863|cheche (L648863)]] ''' Development ''' * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We reviewed samples of Wikidata-related entries in Recent changes and watchlist on Wikipedia and co in order to see which additional changes we can remove because they don't change the article. ** We are preparing for the migration of the entity usage table to the extension database cluster to address database scalability issues ([[phab:T424133]]) * Wikidata Query Service: We are continuing to adapt the Query Service UI and the Quality Constraints extension for the upcoming move from Blazegraph to QLever. * REST API: We are continuing to add support for Lexemes, specifically retrieving a full Lexeme (GET) ([[phab:T429332]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Seychelles|Seychelles]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] . [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:55, 4 August 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30872537 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Composizione VII]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Composition VII - Wassily Kandinsky, GAC.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Composizione VII''' (Композиция VII o Zu Komposition 7) è un olio su tela del 1913, realizzato dal pittore russo Vasilij Vasil'evič Kandinskij e conservato nella Galleria Tret'jakov di Mosca. Prodotto centrale del pittore russo nel periodo 1910-1915, essa è considerata l'opera che certificò la raggiunta maturità creativa da parte di Kandinskij, rappresentando anche l'apice della sua energia creativa. È considerato il più rappresentativo tra i lavori completati durante l'anno del successo internazionale dell'artista, simboleggiando il punto di emancipazione definitivo dell'Astrattismo. Opera più grande mai realizzata dall'artista per dimensione, facente parte della serie denominata Composizioni, rappresenta un'allegoria dell'Apocalisse, di cui riprende il tema e lo propone in una versione astratta, trasfigurata dalla realtà in una forma composta da sole linee e colori. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 10 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30889664 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #744 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-08-10. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#743]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * The order of properties on Wikidata is governed by [[mw:Manual:Interface/Wikibase-SortedProperties|MediaWiki/Wikibase-SortedProperties]]. We propose moving [[d:Property:P2559|(P2559) Wikidata usage instructions]] to the top, so important guidance is more visible and less likely to be overlooked. To comment on this change, please visit [[mw:MediaWiki_talk#prominently displaying Wikidata usage instructions (P2559)|MediaWiki_talk#prominently displaying (P2559)]]. * Closed request for comments: '''19''' RfC's were closed recently, too many to list here. Please see the [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment#Closed_requests|RfC page]] for more information. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** (Deutsch) [https://www.nfdi4objects.net/events/n4o_activity_20260818-CM26-RS_Wikidata/ nfdi4 / Workshop: Make Research Software Findable using the Software Marketplace Wikidata], 18.08.2026, 14:00–16:00 CEST ([https://terminplaner6.dfn.de/b/1439bb751afd1e9fc42ebc30069eb685-1762199 register for Zoom-link]) ** [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:WMUK_Sandbox_Sessions/Improving_Wikidata_References:_The_Reference_Validator_Tool Improving Wikidata References: The hands-on session will explore how to identify and improve broken references on Wikidata] , 15.08.2026, 17:00–18:00 WAT (UTC+1). * Looking ahead: (Deutsch) [https://www.fu-berlin.de/kalender/2026/10/20261022-tidy-data-versionskontrolle-wikidata-in-der-forschungspraxis.html Freie Universitat / Tidy data version control - Wikidata in research]: 22.10.2026, 09:00 - 16:00 CEST. * Previous events: August 04 - [[d:Event:Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours_-_Aug_2026|Blazegraph Migration office hour]] - see the [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/Blazegraph_Migration_Office_Hours Etherpad notes] for questions and answers. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://gdotv.com/blog/the-weekly-edge-fraud-graphs-graphtalk-gfql-wikidata-graphrag/#edge-item-4 gdottv / The Weekly Edge article: demonstrating the Wikidata Query Logs (WDQL) Dataset] talks about a paper released in February this year, ([https://arxiv.org/html/2602.14594v1 Wikidata Query Logs Dataset]) ** [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/brian-hatten-434b7457_orthopedicsurgery-kneereplacement-knowledgegraph-activity-7465395166682583040-v0qH?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAAAUVbMUB9qSIcEDloiodU_ZoBrIi4-bJtT8 LinkedIn] - [[d:User:Orthodoc10|User:Orthodoc10]] describes their experience mapping and modelling knee replacement surgical practices into Wikidata ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/08/07/wikisignals-org-helping-editors-evaluate-reference-reliability/ Wikisignals.org: Helping Editors Evaluate Reference Reliability] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/08/07/zero-budget-programs-you-could-start-tommorrow/ Zero-budget programs you could start tommorrow - Lessons from Wikimania Paris]] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/08/07/openspeaks-tools-update-subtitler-tome-and-bento-go-stable-meet-media-dashboard/ OpenSpeaks Tools Update: Subtitler, Tome, and Bento Go Stable — Meet Media Dashboard] ** [[Diffblog:a-look-at-a-2026-wikimania-hackathon-project-wikidata-bias-detector|A look at a 2026 Wikimania Hackathon Project – Wikidata Bias Detector] ** [https://nlnet.nl/project/Inventaire-Split/ nlnet Foundation / Inventaire Split] - a short article on this standalone Wikidata-federated Bibliographic database. ** [https://ktieb.org.mt/news-en/nbc-and-wikimedia-malta-renew-collaboration-on-national-book-prize/ Maltese national Book Council and WM Malta renew partnerhship]: Wikidata to support and feed Maltese Wikipedia. ** [Diffblog:wikisignals-org-helping-editors-evaluate-reference-reliability|Wikisignals.org: Helping Editors Evaluate Reference Reliability] - the project aims to add to news-related organisation entities to help feed Wikipedia infoboxes with structured data. * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/live/saeV6bZ7cIk?t=25105s India's Software Stories: A Hands-on Workshop with Software Heritage, Commons and Wikidata] - a Wikimania Lightning talk with Mathilde Fichen and Pavan Santhosh. ([https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/talk/review/EYFQXB9WHFAR9WATXTEUFSKADEVWMCP9 Session page]) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJq1926Jz5Q The Art of Editing Wikidata (Africa Wiki Women)] - Guest host David Palfrey will share valuable insights and help newcomers uncover the mysteries of editing Wikidata, this session is in collaboration with Art+Feminism. ** (no audio) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJbPTX18I4Q Tutorial: Add Geoshape to Wikimedia Commons and connect it to its Wikidata Item] - Anne Chen gives a visual demonstration of the steps provided in this [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1A1FNy9NztkmxE2MhBds2caHGcxMNSNvgXnLfeJsAosw/edit?tab=t.0 google doc], found on the [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_IDEA/Resources_for_Participants#Links_to_useful_tutorials|WikiProject IDEA]] page. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9infd-TJ6z8 LIVE Wikidata Editing #124] is streaming today, 20:00 CEST (18:00 UTC)! ** (Bahasa Indonesian) [https://www.youtube.com/@WikimediaIndonesia/videos Wikimedia Indonesia] have released 4 short videos on editing practices, querying, basic structure and data quality of Wikidata. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLH0W0coIw8 ZB MED LAB | The Carpentries] - aimed at researchers and professionals who work with data, a series of tutorials and workshops to teach you Wikidata, Python, R, OpenRefine and more. ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://toolhub.wikimedia.org/tools/cradle-gadget Cradle-gadget] is a tool by [[User:Danielyepezgarces]]This is an interactive, schema-based form editor that works directly within Wikidata item pages. It allows users to check, view, add, modify, or delete claims in a modern sidebar drawer or a dedicated special page, aligned with the Wikimedia design guidelines. This is the easiest way to exploit the benefits of Wikidata entity schemas, powered by ShEx. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScv4BEQqn-sSsJNvIFCRgMDpr_K59Y0UjdXx5rO8MzAs4CRjw/viewform 2026 OpenRefine User Survey] is now open. (Note that a link to a feature-prioritization survey is provided at the end of the Google Form so don't miss that if you want to influence what should get more focus.) ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14755|particularly]] (<nowiki>qualifier for statements to refine a value that applies more generally, when the statement applies especially to a more specific value; a more specific qualifier than "including" (P1012)</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14766|‎incumbent before dissolution]] (<nowiki>entity incumbent in a position before its dissolution for an election</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14737|CINE21 TV program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14738|GCD character ID]], [[:d:Property:P14739|ODiD ID]], [[:d:Property:P14740|365chess.com tournament ID]], [[:d:Property:P14741|NHK ONE program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14742|CINE21 company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14743|‎Fmfenxiang seiyuu ID]], [[:d:Property:P14744|‎Fmfenxiang sound ID]], [[:d:Property:P14745|Elite Prospects team ID]], [[:d:Property:P14746|Elite Prospects stadium ID]], [[:d:Property:P14747|r-hockey.ru team ID]], [[:d:Property:P14748|Classicalive artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14749|Apple Maps place id]], [[:d:Property:P14750|‎HAND ID]], [[:d:Property:P14751|Brazilian Fauna Taxonomic Catalogue ID]], [[:d:Property:P14752|‎Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa ID]], [[:d:Property:P14753|Giovani Artisti italiani ID]], [[:d:Property:P14754|MusiciansPage artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14756|LinkedIn numeric company ID]], [[:d:Property:P14757|‎MissEvan voice actor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14758|Music & Opera artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14759|Dubbinfo ID]], [[:d:Property:P14760|GAS actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14761|‎EU Treaties and Agreements database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14762|syukou-club(X-DIABLO) actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P14763|sukumizu.tv model ID]], [[:d:Property:P14764|Paradise TV Person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14765|Regional heritage of Wallonia ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/filing unit code|filing unit code]] ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has Member|has Member]] (<nowiki>has member</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/introduced to|introduced to]] (<nowiki>region outside the natural range of a taxon into which it was introduced through direct or indirect human activity</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lift-World lift ID|Lift-World lift ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schiffsdatenliste ID|Schiffsdatenliste ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/marketswiki|marketswiki]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Palace Museum Digital Archive ID|National Palace Museum Digital Archive ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Information Commissioner's Office registration reference|Information Commissioner's Office registration reference]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Registry of Type Design ID|Registry of Type Design ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ariana Museum ID|Ariana Museum ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Emulation General Wiki article ID|Emulation General Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal immovable object ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal immovable object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sofia monuments register ID|Sofia monuments register ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal museum ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal museum ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal movable object ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal movable object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal stone carving ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal stone carving ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal protection zone ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal protection zone ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal wall painting ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal wall painting ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal documentation record ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal documentation record ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian Cultural Heritage Portal movable object ID|Georgian Cultural Heritage Portal movable object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RIdIM ID|RIdIM ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Weibo ID|Weibo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Weibo username|Weibo username]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/TGHU Ten longest State of the Union adress in the USA] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E519|object with inscription]] - schema for objects with inscriptions [[d:Q1640824|(Q1640824)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Brigham_Young_University_Library|Project Brigham Young University Library]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Perth_Women_on_Wikipedia|Project Perth Women on Wikipedia]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_UC_Riverside_Library_Jay_Kay_Klein_Photographs|Project UC Riverside Library Jay Kay Klein Photographs]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Metaclasses|Project Ontology]] added a Metaclasses page * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:User:Pasleim/Sitelink_statistics|Sitelink statistics]] by User:Pasleim. ''' Development ''' * Sustainability: We continued the work on migrating usage tracking on Wikipedia and co to the extension database cluster ([[phab:T424185]]) * Watchlist and recent changes on Wikipedia and co: We finished our review of a sample of Wikidata edits sent to Wikidata and co in order to better understand which remaining ones are not useful. It will soon be published on Commons. * Query Service: We continued the work on preparing the Query Service UI for the migration from Blazegraph to QLever and will move to Query Builder and Quality Constraints next [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Seychelles|Seychelles]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:54, 10 August 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30889662 --> == Tech News: 2026-33 == <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting "{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}" in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:42, 10 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VII, July 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: July and Wikimania Have Come and Gone * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Strategic Workshops, Academic Publications, and Bidding Farewell to NeuroMat * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Colombia at Wikimania 2026: panel on how the far-right affects open knowledge institutions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: From Al-Ahram to Zamalek: Exploring Archives and Art Galleries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: GLAM Presentations at Wikimania 2026 + Wiki Fashion Show * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Launch of Wikifying a Conference handbook; Wikipedia Workshop at Te Toi Uku * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki partnerships continue opening collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: At Wikimania and copyright process * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Faces and Masks - the interwoven relation, Wikimania Paris * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wikimania report + New articles in Hindi * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM USA Report (Past & Upcoming) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Academic paper in preparation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Wiki Knowledge Park report|Wiki Knowledge Park report]]: Preserving Islamic Cultural Heritage: The GLAM and Metadata Impact of Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 00:04, 12 August 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30901934 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Divorce in Poland]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Divorce in Poland''' occurs at a rate slightly below that of the average for Europe. In the Polish legal system, divorce proceedings fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the civil court; there is no legal basis for resolving a marriage through the agreement of the spouses or through administrative procedures. Divorce requests are assessed by the court, in accordance with the positive and negative prerequisites set in the relevant law. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:59, 17 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30927700 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #745 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-08-17. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#744]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[wmau:WikiLoves_Pride_Australia_-_15_August_2026|WikiLoves Pride / Australia]], 15 August, drop-in online for a collaborative editing session on LGBT+ representation on Wikidata, Wikipedia and Commons. ** [[wmau:Drop_in_and_Wikidata_-_August_2026|Drop-in and Wikidata]], 27 August, WM Australia also hold a drop-in Wikidata ediitng sesison. ** [[m:Event:Open_Heritage-Wikidata_Contest|Open Heritage - Wikidata Islamic Civilization Contest]] from September 1 - 30, 2026. [[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/4303|Register for news]]. *** A Wikidata training webinar will be held August 25. * Looking ahead: [https://www.gw.uni-hamburg.de/ueber-die-fakultaet/digital-humanities/dh-lab/veranstaltungen/26-11-12-hands-on-wikidata.html Hands-on workshop: Wikidata: An Open Knowledge Graph for Research and Beyond] - Digital Humanities Lab, 12.11.2026, 14:15-15:45 CEST. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://programminghistorian.org/en/lessons/wikidata-for-historical-research Introductory lesson on Wikidata at the Programming Historian] ** [https://www.ibm.com/case-studies/wikimedia-deutschland Making open knowledge Gen-AI-ready] by IBM ** [https://noeflandre.com/posts/describe-place-on-earth-part1-wikidata How to describe a place on Earth using text? Part 1: Wikidata] by Noé Flandre * Papers: [https://www.ebsco.com/articles/arts-and-entertainment/7162dc3c-7d03-51bb-a950-30de681bb95e/cultural-information-bubbles-a-new-approach-for-automatic-ethical-evaluation-of-digital-artwork-collections-based-on-wikidata Cultural information bubbles: A new approach for automatic ethical evaluation of digital artwork collections based on Wikidata] by M. Zhitomirsky-Geffet and S. Minster, (2026). ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://ranker.toolforge.org This tool lets you edit the rank of multiple statements at once.] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[wmau:Partner_Projects_2026-2027|WM Australia is funding partner projects for 2026 - 2027]], for Australian organisations or individuals who want to build projects for open and free knowledge, including Wikidata. * Job Vacancies: [https://wikimedia-deutschland.career.softgarden.de/jobs/65367316/Interim-Engineering-Manager-Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Projects-all-genders- (Interim) Engineering Manager / Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects] * [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdnOtvIKyp5fGlAkqz8pYMdFxhtvaH9exlxmrQ8O3HtDIHM3A/viewform Survey: What content would you like to see on the Wikidata Social media channels?] - only want to hear about Wikidata events or news, would like to see more use-cases of Wikidata, or perhaps you'd like more beginner or advanced Wikidata tutorials? Let us know in this short survey. * We are setting up to apply for recognition of a new Wikimedia user group, '''Wikimedians for Data Organization and Quality'''. The group's goal will be to improve the organization and quality of data, particularly structured data, in Wikimedia projects. You can see more details in [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_Organization_and_Quality the group's home page] and, if you wish, you can contribute to the discussion in its talk page. We invite you to be a part of this proposed user group by adding your Wikimedia signature to the Interested Parties section of the group's page. <br />Ege Atacan Doğan and Peter Patel-Schneider ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14788|located at a height]] (<nowiki>a property intended to indicate the height of any objects from the ground</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14789|contributed to narrative universe]] (<nowiki>narrative universe that a person contributed to</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14792|‎name type]] (<nowiki>type of noun or name the sense is</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14796|introduced to]] (<nowiki>region outside the natural range of a taxon into which it was introduced through direct or indirect human activity</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14767|d anime store Work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14768|d anime store Person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14769|Crank-in! drama ID]], [[:d:Property:P14770|Crank-in! animation ID]], [[:d:Property:P14771|Crank-in! person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14772|‎STAPI Book ID]], [[:d:Property:P14773|‎STAPI Episode ID]], [[:d:Property:P14774|‎STAPI Performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14775|‎Qidian Author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14776|Crank-in! movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14777|‎DBNL chamber of rhetoric ID]], [[:d:Property:P14778|‎Criticker Film ID]], [[:d:Property:P14779|Lulu spotlight ID]], [[:d:Property:P14780|German Maritime Museum Ship ID]], [[:d:Property:P14781|Rakuten TV adult maker ID]], [[:d:Property:P14782|izohli.uz word ID]], [[:d:Property:P14783|Ciel d'oc publication ID]], [[:d:Property:P14784|Lift-World lift ID]], [[:d:Property:P14785|‎STAPI Comics ID]], [[:d:Property:P14786|Qidian Book ID]], [[:d:Property:P14787|National Palace Museum Digital Archive ID]], [[:d:Property:P14790|DMM maker ID]], [[:d:Property:P14791|Registry of Type Design ID]], [[:d:Property:P14793|‎Fediverse address]], [[:d:Property:P14794|Information Commissioner's Office registration reference]], [[:d:Property:P14795|‎WorldFootball.net ID (new)]], [[:d:Property:P14797|Sofia monuments register ID]], [[:d:Property:P14798|Georgian Cultural Heritage GIS Portal immovable object ID]], [[:d:Property:P14799|Ariana Museum ID]], [[:d:Property:P14800|RIdIM ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/school of martial arts|school of martial arts]] (<nowiki>school or style of martial arts this person studied</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has official Italian government website|has official Italian government website]] (<nowiki>tems that the item has an official website operated by or belonging to the Government of Italy</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Infraestructuras de Portugal ID|Infraestructuras de Portugal ID]] (<nowiki>station code Infraestruturas de Portugal</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Silloria perfumer ID|Silloria perfumer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Silloria notes ID|Silloria notes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Beer Advocate beer style ID|Beer Advocate beer style ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BBFC release ID|BBFC release ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifier for a person in norwegian polar history|Identifier for a person in norwegian polar history]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmová databáze seriál ID|Filmová databáze seriál ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Serbo-Croatian Literary Language entry ID|Serbo-Croatian Literary Language entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dbv member slug|dbv member slug]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/idw member ID|idw member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sky programme ID|Sky programme ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/immaterieelerfgoed.be ID|immaterieelerfgoed.be ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Geoshape Repository ID|Geoshape Repository ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FIBA.basketball event ID|FIBA.basketball event ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SEASLUG.WORLD species ID|SEASLUG.WORLD species ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Silloria brands ID|Silloria brands ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du COMDT|Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du COMDT]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) ou plusieurs musicien(ne)s sur Paraulas en òc|Identifiant d'un(e) ou plusieurs musicien(ne)s sur Paraulas en òc]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) ou plusieurs musicien(ne)s sur Trobasons|Identifiant d'un(e) ou plusieurs musicien(ne)s sur Trobasons]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kinolights Parson ID|Kinolights Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kinolights Work ID|Kinolights Work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un ouvrage dans le catalogue du CREDD'O|Identifiant d'un ouvrage dans le catalogue du CREDD'O]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/parliament.uk constituency ID|parliament.uk constituency ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Europeans In East Africa ID|Europeans In East Africa ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke ID|Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Judoresults judoka ID|Judoresults judoka ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Silloria perfumes ID|Silloria perfumes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scent Base perfumes ID|Scent Base perfumes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IMCDB work ID|IMCDB work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificador de sardana de somarxiu.cat|identificador de sardana de somarxiu.cat]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Xcity maker ID|Xcity maker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CrashPad Series performer ID|CrashPad Series performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PinkLabel.TV performer ID|PinkLabel.TV performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Seiyu Grand Prix Person ID|Seiyu Grand Prix Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/animehack Person ID|animehack Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/animehack Program ID|animehack Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/animehack movie ID|animehack movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/XBIZ.com topic ID|XBIZ.com topic ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/TYra roughly ~4.000 massacres reported in Wikidata] **[https://w.wiki/TXBP Passports cover that have at least 4 languages] ** [https://w.wiki/TZjc Landkreis Reutlingen Items missing a picture, displayed on a map] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Stefan_Kühn-20260815083000-Windharp-20260812063800|source]]) ** [https://w.wiki/TZjt Radio stations in Virginia, USA, plotted on a map] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Stefan_Kühn-20260809204600-Bluerasberry-20260803150500|source]]) * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E528|(E528) Space Telescope, instrument in outer space for observing distant space objects]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Côte_d'Ivoire/Tabs|Project Côte d'Ivoire]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Indonesia/Kegiatan/Datathon/Arsip/2026|Project Indonesia: Hari Domain Public International Datathon 2026]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Immigration_and_Visas|Project Immigration and Visas]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill_EMCO|Project University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill EMC0]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Recent_deaths|Recent deaths (this report can help for updating Wikipedia articles]] ''' Development ''' * Query Service: We started preparing the constraint checks for the migration from Blazegraph to QLever. * Page load times: We looked into unnecessarily loaded modules related to the Wikidata Bridge to see if we can remove them and speed up page load times. * Wikipedia and co: ** We worked with English Wikipedia to optimize the CiteQ module code to generate less usage tracking for "Anonymous". ** We checked a variety of Mediawiki areas where Parsoid deprecation may lead to breakages.* * Sustainability: We are planning to migrate the usage tracking data to the X1 extension cluster. We are checking which queries involving entity usage will need re-writing or updating. * REST API: We finished adding support for getting a full Lexeme and started work on creating Lexemes. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Seychelles|Seychelles]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:40, 17 August 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30921730 --> == Tech News: 2026-34 == <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC. '''Updates for editors''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:00, 17 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == Growth/Newsletters/36 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Growth team logo - Icon only.svg|right|180px|frameless|class=skin-invert]] ''Updates from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth]] team on our work to improve the new editor experience.'' === Recent releases === ====Account creation experiments==== Several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|experiments to increase successful account creation]] have delivered significant results. * An updated message shown to logged-out mobile users who try to edit produced a 27% relative increase in account creation and is being scaled to all wikis. ([[phab:T424595|T424595]]) * A new account menu button in the mobile web header, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Experiment Results: Mobile Web Account Menu|A/B tested across five Wikipedias with nearly 8 million participants]], made logged-out mobile users 25% more likely to create an account, with no significant difference in constructive editing behavior. ([[phab:T428220|T428220]]) *A simpler post-edit dialog for temporary account holders increased permanent account creation by 87% (relative), converting more temp editors into registered ones. ([[phab:T416418|T416418]])[[File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|thumb|The redesigned account creation form increases registration by a relative 24.4%]] *We also redesigned the account creation form itself ([[phab:T409236|T409236]]): adding real-time username validation, a concise summary of the username policy, a "reveal password" option, and a simplified design aligned with [[wmdoc:codex/latest|Codex]] guidelines. In an A/B test on English Wikipedia mobile, users who saw the redesigned form created permanent accounts at a rate of 20.4%, compared to 16.4% for the control group (a 24.4% relative increase). ====Revise Tone structured task==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages that may contain non-encyclopedic language and guides them through revising the tone. In A/B testing on Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, newcomer task completion rates were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone#Experiment Results|38.7% higher]] than the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended July 9, and the feature is now available to everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|We plan]] to release Revise Tone to more wikis. ====Automated mentor list cleanup==== Communities can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatically mark inactive mentors as ''away'' or remove them from mentorship entirely]] (which automatically reassigns their mentees). Inactivity is based on edits, and talk page responses count, so mentors answering mentee questions remain active. We recommend enabling both options together; administrators can enable them via [[Special:CommunityConfiguration]] and review the mentor list at [[Special:ManageMentors]]. ====Growth features for Wikidata==== Growth features are [[phab:T400937|now available at Wikidata]], including a simplified Newcomer Homepage, Mentorship, the Impact module, Community Updates and the Help Panel. === Work in progress === [[File:Home designs labeled.png|thumb|Early concepts for evolving the Newcomer Homepage into a personalized 'Home' that grows with contributors.]] ====Home==== The Growth and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools]] teams are developing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Home|Home]] ([[phabricator:T419358|T419358]]): a unified, personalized landing page intended to replace the Newcomer Homepage. Rather than remaining a newcomer-only feature, Home will evolve with users as they gain experience, surfacing Suggested Edits, edits to review, and moderation workflows at the right moment. === Research === The [https://research.wikimedia.org/ Wikimedia Research team], in partnership with the Growth Team, published findings from two projects on how new editors learn and integrate into the community: * [[m:Research:Understanding_newcomer_mentorship_on_Wikipedia|Understanding newcomer mentorship on Wikipedia]] * [[m:Research:Successful_Newcomers_Survey_2025#Results|Successful Newcomers Survey]] ''<small>'''[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth team's newsletter]]''' prepared by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|the Growth team]] and posted by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[mw:Talk:Growth|Give feedback]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Growth team updates|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].</small>'' </div> 13:17, 18 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Growth_team_updates&oldid=30870183 --> == ''The Signpost'': 24 August 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/News and notes|Union process progresses, unanswered questions about Littler Mendelson remain]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/In the media|Wikipedia editors save Sam Altman's life]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Recent research|Women in blue? Wikipedia's gender gap reverses in some areas]] * Discussion report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Discussion report|Again and Again]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Traffic report|Look out, here comes the Spider-Man!]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Humour|Her tastes, her Wikimania, her upcoming tour... Baby Globe reveals everything]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/On the bright side|The great outdoors]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Opinion|Are we embarrassed yet?]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Special report|Paris Syndrome: Labor Strife, AI Anxiety, and a Leadership Test at Wikimania 2026]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-24/Comix|WP:FAOWN]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 01:24, 24 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30889666 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:mk:Ден на македонската револуционерна борба]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle''' (Macedonian: Ден на македонската револуционерна борба),[1] also known as Day of VMRO, is a national holiday which is celebrated on October 23 in North Macedonia. In 2007, the holiday was voted into law as a new national holiday. It is a non-working day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:15, 24 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30927700 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #746 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-08-24. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#745]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: [[m:Event:Wikidata Lab XLVIII|Wikidata Lab XLVIII: Outreach Dashboard]], August 27, at 15:30 UTC. Come see and discuss new Wikidata functionalities of the Outreach Dashboard! ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/08/20/finishing-outreachy-with-wikidata-support-for-wikiscore/ Finishing Outreachy with Wikidata support for Wikiscore] by ACorrea WMB and AnaMRRuiz * Papers: [https://zenodo.org/records/21032521 Climate Knowledge Graph (ClimateKG)] - A partnership project to make a knowledge graph of the 10,000 page Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report. ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://lex-olympia.toolforge.org Lex-Olympia] — A new tool for improving Wikidata Lexemes. Try it out and share your feedback with the developer and community. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Research study: AI tools for content verifiability on Wikidata. Researchers from King's College London are inviting Wikidata editors (especially those working on health or GLAM/cultural heritage content) to participate in a two-stage study (1-hour interview + 2-hour workshop) exploring how AI tools can support content verifiability. Participants receive compensation via Love2Shop vouchers. Sign up [https://qualtrics.kcl.ac.uk/jfe/form/SV_brAn2DKOrDz0fum here] (Qualtrics form). ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14801|‎BBFC release ID]], [[:d:Property:P14802|Silloria brands ID]], [[:d:Property:P14804|Silloria notes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14805|Silloria perfumer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14806|Kinolights person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14808|Kinolights work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14809|‎BeerAdvocate beer style ID]], [[:d:Property:P14810|‎immaterieelerfgoed.be ID]], [[:d:Property:P14811|idw member ID]], [[:d:Property:P14812|Geoshape Repository municipality ID]], [[:d:Property:P14813|Filmová databáze seriál ID]], [[:d:Property:P14814|FIBA.basketball event ID]], [[:d:Property:P14815|dbv member slug]], [[:d:Property:P14816|Silloria perfumes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14817|SEASLUG.WORLD species ID]], [[:d:Property:P14818|parliament.uk constituency ID]], [[:d:Property:P14819|‎Judoresults judoka ID]], [[:d:Property:P14820|‎Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke ID]], [[:d:Property:P14821|IMCDB work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14822|Norwegian polarhistory ID]], [[:d:Property:P14824|CREDD'O catalog ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/substance control status|substance control status]] (<nowiki>control regime a substance is placed under in a jurisdiction or by an international treaty — schedule, class, or explicitly uncontrolled; qualify with "applies to jurisdiction" (P1001) and start/end time</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bibcode access status|Bibcode access status]] (<nowiki>Indicator of the access statement for a document on Bibcode</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/wowKorea Parson ID|wowKorea Parson ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/wowKorea Work ID|wowKorea Work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TOWER RECORDS ONLINE artist ID|TOWER RECORDS ONLINE artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Antarctic Protected Areas database ID|Antarctic Protected Areas database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WikiPepper pepper ID|WikiPepper pepper ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inventory Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Netherlands ID|Inventory Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Netherlands ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NAKED(X-DIABLO) actress ID|NAKED(X-DIABLO) actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Weibo ID|Weibo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Umamusume Wiki article ID|Umamusume Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du CREDD'O|Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du CREDD'O]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgian NAPR identification number|Georgian NAPR identification number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Companyinfo.ge corporation ID|Companyinfo.ge corporation ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/T&F NCAAdb athlete ID|T&F NCAAdb athlete ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UkrBIN ID|UkrBIN ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Platform for Taiwan Religion and Folk Culture record identifier|Platform for Taiwan Religion and Folk Culture record identifier]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples:[https://w.wiki/Tc4r Railway stations map in the two Koreas] ''' Development ''' * REST API: We are continuing the work on making it possible to create a Lexeme and will then move on to adding statements to Lexemes. * GraphQL: We are working on moving the Item search from cirrussearch to mariadb to be able to add more functionality. * Newcomer homepage: We are updating the text to move it away from some Wikipedia-specific phrases (e.g. articles) * Mobile editing: We worked on not showing edit links on old revisions and diffs since those can not be edited. * Page load times: We continued looking into unnecessarily loaded modules related to the Wikidata Bridge to see if we can remove them and speed up page load times. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:32, 24 August 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30932448 --> == Tech News: 2026-35 == <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:42, 24 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wimmen's Comix]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Wimmen's Comix''''', later retitled (respelled) as Wimmin's Comix, is an influential all-female underground comics anthology published from 1972 to 1992. Though it covered a wide range of genres and subject matters, Wimmen's Comix focused more than other anthologies of the time on feminist concerns, homosexuality, sex and politics in general, and autobiographical comics. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:54, 31 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30988228 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #747 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-08-31. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#746]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/INAPerson 1|INAPerson 1]] - '''Task/s:''' Create Wikidata pages entries for mostly French journalists, using INA (French National Audiovisual Institute) catalogue as reference. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/DifoolBot 9|DifoolBot 9]] - '''Task/s:''' (1) Fix [[Property:P214|VIAF cluster ID <small>(P214)</small>]] statements deprecated for [[Q14946528|conflation <small>(Q14946528)</small>]] once VIAF has split the cluster. (2) Deprecate VIAF ID values that VIAF has since redirected or abandoned, and add the redirect target if it is not already on another Wikidata item. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Openpep|Openpep]] - '''Task/s:''' Maintenance of Politically Exposed Person (PEP) data on Wikidata for Thai government officials. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/DutchFixer|DutchFixer]] - '''Task/s:''' Reformat Dutch verb forms that are listed as [[Q1994301|past tense <small>(Q1994301)</small>]], [[Q814722|participle <small>(Q814722)</small>]] to simply use [[Q12717679|past participle <small>(Q12717679)</small>]] * Closed request for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/DL2204bot 4|DL2204bot 4]] - Closed as ''Approved'' **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Yirbot|Yirbot]] - Closed as ''Approved'' **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/RupumpedBot|RupumpedBot]] - Closed as ''Approved'' * Survey: The [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScv4BEQqn-sSsJNvIFCRgMDpr_K59Y0UjdXx5rO8MzAs4CRjw/viewform OpenRefine 2026 User Survey] is open. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** WikidataCon 2027 will be hosted in Istanbul, Türkiye from 29 to 31 October 2027, in partnership with the Wikimedians of Turkic Languages User Group. The dates mark Wikidata's 15th birthday. More details to follow. ** Wikidata Query Service Days, October 17-23: The next online event by Wikimedia Deutschland will be about the migration from Blazegraph to QLever. Learn what's changing, try the new system, and get help rewriting your queries. [[Event:Query Service Days 2026|Register now]]! ** Next LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group session – 1 September 2026: Adélie Ranville will present how Wikidata can support literature reviews. [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/Wikidata_for_literature_review|Event page]] — 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST. ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #92 Sep. 7 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. * Looking ahead: [[w:Event:Wikidata_Day_NYC_2026|Wikidata Day in New York City 2026]] - hosted by the [[w:Pratt_Institute_School_of_Information|Pratt Institute School of Information]] on October 30, 19:00 - 23:00 CEST. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [[Diffblog:beyond-wikipedia-a-technical-workshop-introducing-moroccan-teachers-to-wikidata-and-the-wikimedia-technical-ecosystem|Beyond Wikipedia: A Technical Workshop Introducing Moroccan Teachers to Wikidata and the Wikimedia Technical Ecosystem]] ** [[Diffblog:wiki-oto-2026-a-new-collaboration-to-make-african-women-more-visible|Wiki OTO 2026: A new collaboration to make African women more visible]] ** [[Diffblog:six-months-of-building-leaders-bridging-knowledge-gaps-and-strengthening-community-by-africa-wiki-women|Six Months of Building Leaders, Bridging Knowledge Gaps, and Strengthening Community by Africa Wiki Women]] ** [https://casrai.org/guides/wikidata-qid-pid-hub-research-entities Wikidata as a PID Hub for Research Entities: QIDs Alongside ORCID, ROR, and ISNI] - by CASRAI, a community-maintained open vocabulary for research administration project. * Videos: ** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=a2qV2wHPE_s&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m Wikidata Lab XLVIII: Outreach Dashboard], WM Brasil and EduWiki present Wikidata functionalities on the dashboard, including some new things coming. ** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=D3Gb1079BB4&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m WikiTree How-To: BEE Extension for Wikidata] - WikiTree is a family-tree generator and now includes a Wikidata-powered extension that will help surface notables for inclusion. ** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=Gz2-R-eBedk&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m LIVE Wikidata editing #125] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aK2bTdHhV8s Wikidata plug-in for ArchivesSpace] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikidata-timetrail.toolforge.org/Wikidata Timetrail] is a tool by Nahom Araya it visualizes the movement of Wikidata items over time by mapping their associated events and locations. Enter an Item ID/Name and select a supported property from the dropdown list to fetch a timetrail. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The Wikimedia Deutschland software [[d:Wikidata:Linked Open Data development plan|development plan]] has been updated to include activity estimates for the third quarter (Q3). * The Wikidata development team is proposing a redesign of [[d:Special:NewItem|Special:NewItem]] with a warning banner and conflict-of-interest checkbox to reduce the increase in promotional editing. We need your feedback on the wording and designs. Head over to [[d:Wikidata:Reducing promotional editing|Wikidata:Reducing promotional editing]] and share your thoughts on the talk page by 15 September. * Due to an increase of non-notable item creation, and their subsequent request for deletion (and undeletion), a new page has been created. [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_new_items|Requests for new items]] exists for those who are unsure if their item idea is notable enough, or have a conflict of interest. The Wikidata Community can help by reviewing requests and offering advice. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14834|substance control status]] (<nowiki>control regime a substance is placed under in a jurisdiction or by an international treaty — schedule, class, or explicitly uncontrolled; qualify with "applies to jurisdiction" (P1001) and start/end time</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14825|animehack program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14826|animehack movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14827|animehack person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14828|Xcity maker ID]], [[:d:Property:P14829|XBIZ.com topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14830|WikiPepper pepper ID]], [[:d:Property:P14831|Seiyu Grand Prix person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14832|PinkLabel.TV performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14833|‎Antarctic Protected Areas database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14835|Infraestructuras de Portugal ID]], [[:d:Property:P14836|‎Umamusume Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14837|Tower Records Online artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P14838|‎Inventory Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Netherlands ID]], [[:d:Property:P14839|SOMARXIU.CAT sardana ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Texas Legislators: Past & Present ID|Texas Legislators: Past & Present ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a legislator on the Legislative Reference Library of Texas website</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/file page start and file page end|file page start and file page end]] (<nowiki>indicate a page number of a pdf file, if multiple pages is involved</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Clubhouse|Clubhouse]] (<nowiki>A proposal to denote the buildings occupied by members clubs. This can be useful when the clubs change clubhouse or merge or cease to exist.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LPF rating|LPF rating]] (<nowiki>film and media rating in Malaysia by the Film Censorship Board</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/phonetic synthesis method|phonetic synthesis method]] (<nowiki>phonetic synthesis method used to process the recorded voice from a human source to build a voice bank</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant dans le Mémorial du clergé (1914-1918)|Identifiant dans le Mémorial du clergé (1914-1918)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/sgpbusiness.com ID|sgpbusiness.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Redalyc author ID|Redalyc author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage glossary ID|Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage glossary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Natural Heritage taxon ID|Brussels Inventory of Natural Heritage taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inventory of Movable Heritage designer ID|Inventory of Movable Heritage designer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage object type ID|Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage object type ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage material ID|Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage material ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage technique ID|Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage technique ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lunarstorm person ID|Lunarstorm person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/World Athletics competition ID|World Athletics competition ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archive in Baden-Württemberg ID|Archive in Baden-Württemberg ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Arcinsys Niedersachsen/Bremen ID|Arcinsys Niedersachsen/Bremen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Arcinsys Hessen ID|Arcinsys Hessen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sharjah Dictionary word ID|Sharjah Dictionary word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GenWiki|GenWiki]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stereo Ve Mono release ID|Stereo Ve Mono release ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kudos author ID|Kudos author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stiftungsarchive ID|Stiftungsarchive ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archivportal Thüringen ID|Archivportal Thüringen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/findbuch.net subdomain|findbuch.net subdomain]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Onderwijstermen Taalunie ID|Onderwijstermen Taalunie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Allotrope Foundation Ontology function ID|Allotrope Foundation Ontology function ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Allotrope Foundation Ontology process ID|Allotrope Foundation Ontology process ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Allotrope Foundation Ontology quality ID|Allotrope Foundation Ontology quality ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Allotrope Foundation Ontology role ID|Allotrope Foundation Ontology role ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Allotrope Foundation Ontology result ID|Allotrope Foundation Ontology result ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant de l'annuaire Drag France|Identifiant de l'annuaire Drag France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Statistics Finland Concept Database ID|Statistics Finland Concept Database ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: ** [https://w.wiki/T$Ys Items with a P275 value (''copyright licence'')] - [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Stefan_K%C3%BChn-20260825102100-Janhrach-20260825093200|(source)]] ** [https://w.wiki/TfC$ English adverbs missing a P5238 (''combines lexemes'') value] - [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Piecesofuk-20260820075100-English_adverbs_missing_P5238|(source)]] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E311|English adverb (E311)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Organized_Labour|Project Organized Labour]], a companion Project to [[w:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Organized_Labour|Wikipedia's WikiProject]], it is established to expand articles and items, properties and ontologies for collective bargaining/organised labour and trade union practices. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_chublets-software|Project Chublets Software]] * WikiProject Highlights: Project Ontology added subpages for [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/CCO|CC0]], [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/DOLCE|DOLCE]] and [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/BFO/Class_Order|BFO Class order]]. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Deaths_at_Wikipedia|Deaths at Wikipedia]] - This report collects items missing a [[d:Property:P570|P570 ''(date of death)'']] but they do feature in a Wikipedia 'Recent Deaths' article. ''' Development ''' * Query Service: We have continued adapting the Constraints system for the migration from Blazegraph to QLever. * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: ** We are investigating how to treat watchlist and recent changes entries from Wikidata that are about adding, changing or removing a sitelink. These seem to be category of Wikidata changes not everyone is interested in and a candidate for filtering. ** We looked into how to make the process of adding Wikidata support for a newly created Wikimedia projects less manual for the team and did a proof of concept for automating some of the database operations. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Tunisia|Tunisia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:22, 31 August 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30932448 --> == Tech News: 2026-36 == <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks. '''Updates for editors''' * The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28. * At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors. * Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:50, 31 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == This Month in Education: August 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 8 • August 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Coordinating Wikimedia's Presence in Iraqi Universities|Coordinating Wikimedia's Presence in Iraqi Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/The EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Is Now Available in Spanish|The EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Is Now Available in Spanish]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Wiki and democracy campaign launches in Brazil|Wiki and democracy campaign launches in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Wiki Clubs strengthen youth participation in open knowledge in the Philippines|Wiki Clubs strengthen youth participation in open knowledge in the Philippines]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Wikidata for research in the UI1|Wikidata for research in the UI1]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Nupe Wikipedia Hits 1,000 Articles: The Next Chapter in Our Knowledge Journey |Nupe Wikipedia Hits 1,000 Articles: The Next Chapter in Our Knowledge Journey]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Recruiting newcomers to preserve Yiddish using Wiktionary as a tool|Recruiting newcomers to preserve Yiddish using Wiktionary as a tool]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Voices in Our Hands: How Nigerian Kids are Documenting Nigerian Sign Language for the World|Voices in Our Hands: How Nigerian Kids are Documenting Nigerian Sign Language for the World]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Wiki in Schools, Architecture and Open Heritage|Wiki in Schools, Architecture and Open Heritage]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/More than 200 registrations, 22 speakers, and seven hours of shared experience: Wikimedia Ukraine’s Education Community Conference 2026|More than 200 registrations, 22 speakers, and seven hours of shared experience: Wikimedia Ukraine’s Education Community Conference 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Launch of Wikifying a Conference handbook|Launch of Wikifying a Conference handbook]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/EduWiki Hub Updates: Working Groups Feedback Session and a New Roundtable for Program Officers|EduWiki Hub Updates: Working Groups Feedback Session and a New Roundtable for Program Officers]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2026/Curiosity through academic inquiry - learning by writing Wikipedia articles in Serbia|Curiosity through academic inquiry - learning by writing Wikipedia articles in Serbia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 17:54, 1 September 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30917014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Paulet affair]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Paulet affair''', also known as British Hawaii, was the insubordinate five-month occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1843 by British naval officer Captain Lord George Paulet, of HMS Carysfort. It was ended by the arrival of American warships sent to defend Hawaii's independence. The British government in London did not authorise the move and it had no official status. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:59, 7 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30993988 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #748 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-09-07. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#747]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/HsfBot|HsfBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Mostly add missing Indonesian Wikipedia sitelinks to Wikidata items for taxonomy templates created by HsfBot on idwiki. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/CrossrefIDsBot|CrossrefIDsBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding Crossref ID, DOI, Print ISSN, and Online ISSN from Crossref dataset where they are missing in Wikidata. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/CatmapperBot|CatmapperBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add [[Property:P14249|SocioMap ID]] statements for reviewed SocioMap category mappings, and provisionally add [[Property:P2888|exact match]] URLs for reviewed ArchaMap category mappings until Wikidata approves an ArchaMap-specific identifier property. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/BenchfolkBot|BenchfolkBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add or correct sourced statements on existing items after explicit human approval. * New request for comments: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Request for comments: in country of citizenship (P27), to remove class political territorial entity (Q1048835) as a valid value-type constraint (Q21510865)|Class Q1048835 as a not valid value-type constraint]] - To remove an incorrect value for {{Q|Q21510865}} for [[d:Property:P27|P27 <small>''(country of citizenship)''</small>]] ** [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-Qbli2mHd-20260906142300-Anything_goes_for_P18?|Project chat: What images are appropriate for P18?]] - a lengthy discussion about quality control and what is acceptable for a [[d:Property:P18|P18 <small>''(image)''</small>]] value. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: [https://www.sanchoelsabio.eus/en/actividades/taller-abierto-documentando-las-biografias-del-patrimonio-cultural-vasco-en-wikipedia-y-wikidata-22092026/ac-57/ Open Workshop: Connecting Basque heritage authors (Persons and entities) in Wikipedia and Wikidata] - 22 September - 09:00 - 11:30 CEST. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: What Does a Wikidata-Powered Abstract Wikipedia Article Look Like? (Links: [https://jsamwrites.substack.com/p/what-does-a-wikidata-powered-abstract Substack] and [https://jsamwrites.medium.com/what-does-a-wikidata-powered-abstract-wikipedia-article-look-like-91c071859780 Medium]) * Papers: Bemme, J., & Winkler, A. (2026). Mehr Edits wagen? Virtuelle Ausstellungen erschließen mit Wikidata und Commons. LIBREAS. Library Ideas, (48). https://doi.org/10.18452/37905 / https://libreas.eu/ausgabe48/bemme/ ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://tabernacle.toolforge.org/#/tab Tabernacle] is a tool by [[User: Magnus Manske]] it generates a table of Wikidata items and statements. Allows for quick addition of some types via WiDaR. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * The 10th issue of the [[Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|Wikidata Platform Newsletter]] is out. Also remember to join the [[Event:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours - Sept 2026|next Blazegraph Migration Office Hour]], that will take place [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788883200 Tuesday, 8th September 2026 at 16:00 UTC] * [https://thecastlemap.com/ The Castle Map] - every Castle, Fortress and Palace recorded on Wikidata, on a map. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14840|CREDDO author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14841|‎World Athletics competition ID]], [[:d:Property:P14842|Platform for Taiwan Religion and Folk Culture record identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14843|T&F NCAAdb athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P14844|COMDT author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14845|Clergy Memorial (1914-1918) ID]], [[:d:Property:P14846|‎Texas Legislators: Past & Present ID]], [[:d:Property:P14847|Stiftungsarchive ID]], [[:d:Property:P14848|Redalyc author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14849|Kudos author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pokémon Ability|Pokémon Ability]] (<nowiki>Pokémon Ability assigned to this Pokémon species or form in games of the Pokémon series</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Collective bargaining coverage|Collective bargaining coverage]] (<nowiki>Percentage of workers covered by collective agreement coverage. This is distinct from union membership rate, because non-union members can also be covered, for example France has 7% union density but 98% collective bargaining coverage.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/encompasses|encompasses]] (<nowiki>specific entity this placeholder item may represent when the exact one is unknown</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/marionetteist|marionetteist]] (<nowiki>Person who manipulates a marionette in real time to create the illusion of life.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has expression of concern|has expression of concern]] (<nowiki>(article) has an expression of concern (expression of concern notice)</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Common Core Ontologies concept ID|Common Core Ontologies concept ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AbeBooks author ID|AbeBooks author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DEHIO digital Deutschland Bauwerk ID|DEHIO digital Deutschland Bauwerk ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VocaDB tag ID|VocaDB tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CCLI song ID|CCLI song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LIDO concept ID|LIDO concept ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Telegraph topic ID|The Telegraph topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BLL-Ontology concept ID|BLL-Ontology concept ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GOLD linguistic concept ID|GOLD linguistic concept ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISBNdb author ID|ISBNdb author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BookWyrm author ID|BookWyrm author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BookWyrm book ID|BookWyrm book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/China Railway station telegraph code|China Railway station telegraph code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Darija.io ID|Darija.io ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vietnamese Administrative Unit Codes|Vietnamese Administrative Unit Codes]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Officials of Nazi Reich Ministries ID|Officials of Nazi Reich Ministries ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fandom.com universe page|Fandom.com universe page]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KennisWest ID|KennisWest ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du Centre Delavouët|identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du Centre Delavouët]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Phenotype and Trait Ontology ID|Phenotype and Trait Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Governors’ Association ID|National Governors’ Association ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Numista engraver or designer ID|Numista engraver or designer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Alabama ID (new schema)|Encyclopedia of Alabama ID (new schema)]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/UGCJ UNESCO Heritage sites 100km or less from the centre of the Meditrranean Sea] [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query#c-Stefan_K%C3%BChn-20260907113600-Ecritures-20260906215500|(source)]] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E213|spaceport]] (E213): schema for [[d:Q194188|spaceport ''<small>(Q194188)</small>'']] locations, used to launch and receive spacecraft. * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Medicine/Knee_Arthroplasty|Project Medicine / Knee Arthroplasty]] - a comprehensive subpage to model the techniques and procedures for knee-related surgery. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/Same_humans/Occupations_(1–50)|Same Humans/List by Occupations]] - this report presents possible human duplicates by comparing name and birth/death dates. They can be reviewed and flagged for merging and/or deletion. ''' Development ''' * Sustainability: ** We are looking into improvements to caching for Property labels ([[phab:T434204]]) ** We are continuing to prepare the move of the entity_usage table to the extension database cluster. Moving the tables is tentatively scheduled to begin after 24. September. ([[phab:T427472]]) * Newcomer homepage: We are working on making the [[d:Special:Homepage|Newcomer Homepage]] show labels for Items instead of just the ID ([[phab:T429345]]) * Wikidata changes in Watchlist and Recent changes of Wikipedia and co: We are deciding how filtering will look for hiding language link changes on wikis where the sitelink has not changed ([[phab:T435904]]) * REST API: We are continuing to expand the support for Lexemes in the API, specifically creating a Lexeme, adding a statement to a Lexeme and adding a Form to a Lexeme [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Tunisia|Tunisia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:03, 7 September 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30932448 --> == Tech News: 2026-37 == <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback. * The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi> instead of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi> option, as gadgets are always loaded through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:41, 7 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VIII, August 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Hot August/Cold August * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Love Monuments and new phase of Museu Paulista collaboration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Catalan areas report|Catalan areas report]]: The Catalan public domain: An application to identify Catalan works in public domain * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Explore the Colombian public domain app: Browse works an authors in the public domain * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Wikimedia CR introduces new members of GLAM/partnership team * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: Egypt’s GLAM Team Brings Egyptian Postal History and Public Libraries to Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: The Musical Heritage of the Santa Cecilia Conservatory * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Thesis Project Update and the upcoming TDWG 2026 conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Connecting Culture and Free Knowledge - Wikimedia MKD’s GLAM Partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: August in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Summer, Follow-up in Aarau, CoCreation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wikimedia gets Gazetted + Islamic Calligraphy on English Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: OpenGLAM Summer 2026 in Ukraine * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM USA Report (Past & Upcoming) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Ghana national register * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Wikimedia Commons report|Wikimedia Commons report]]: Media loading change affects Commons Impact Metrics and GLAM analytics * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:37, 11 September 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=31028447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:No-AI label]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:No AI Sign.svg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''no-AI label''' is a label used on a product to signify that it was not made using generative AI. Phrases on the labels include but are not limited to "human-made", "proudly human" and "AI-free". Some organisations that provide the labels allow product creators to download and use their no-AI labels for free, while others charge creators for analysing the content and allowing the use of the labels if the organisation believes that no AI was used. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 14 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31028050 --> == Tech News: 2026-38 == <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]]. * The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a "read more" button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks. * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:28, 14 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #749 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-09-14. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#748]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Chrisahn|Chrisahn]] **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Amitie 10g|Amitie 10g]] :<small>Both RfPs are scheduled to end after 17 September 2026 21:56 (UTC)</small> * New requests for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/William Avery Bot 15|William Avery Bot 15]] - '''Task/s:''' Automatically update [[Wikidata:Administrators by language]], as requested at [[Wikidata:Bot requests#Request to automatically update Wikidata:Administrators by language (2026-08-04)]] * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/CrossrefIDsBot|CrossrefIDsBot]] - Closed as Approved * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Request_for_comments:_in_country_of_citizenship_(P27),_to_remove_class_political_territorial_entity_(Q1048835)_as_a_valid_value-type_constraint_(Q21510865)|Should class ''political territorial entity <small>(Q1048835)</small>'' as a valid ''value-type constraint <small>(Q21510865)</small>'' be removed from ''country of citizenship <small>(P27)</small>'' ?]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** OpenStreetMap X Wikidata Meetup #93 Oct. 5 Time: 19:30-21:00 UTC+8 at [[d:Q61752245| Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. ** Next Linked Data for Libraries [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group] session: Tuesday, September 15, 2026 9am PT / 12pm ET / 16:00 UTC / 6pm CEST ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1789488000 Time zone converter]). Adélie Ranville demonstrates useful tools around bibliographic data and citations in Wikidata, Wikipedia and Wikiversity, including Zotero, Cita, and Tabernacle.::Event page: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Project_Series/Wikidata_for_literature_review|WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Project Series/'''Wikidata for literature review''']] * '''[[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday|Wikidata's 14th Birthday]] is approaching!''' Join us October 29 for a Birthday call. ** [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/3536|Register]] to receive updates and news ** [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday/Run_an_event|Run a local event]] or [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday/Calendar|find events]] to join near you. ** Join the [[d:Event:Wikidata_Fourteenth_Birthday/Presents_%26_messages_call|Birthday Call]] and see what Presents and Messages will be shared. * WikiCon (Regensburg) 2026 - the conference dedicated to the German-speaking Wikipedia and sister projects communities, is taking place from 18 - 20 September. The sessions involving Wikidata: [[:de:Wikipedia:WikiCon_2026/Programm/Wikidata_–_9_Jahre_danach|Wikidata - 9 Years later]], [[:de:Wikipedia:WikiCon_2026/Programm/Quellen_in_Wikidata_eingeben|Enter sources in Wikidata]], [[:de:Wikipedia:WikiCon_2026/Programm/Unkompliziert_Wikidata_erkunden_(usefulQueries)|Easily explore Wikidata (UsefulQueries)]], and [[:de:Wikipedia:WikiCon_2026/Programm/WikiProjekt_Stolpersteine_goes_Wikidata|WikiProject Stolpersteine goes Wikidata]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://medium.com/@javierzomeo/how-i-inferred-the-family-relationships-of-nearly-one-million-people-from-wikidata-99724fd966fb Medium: How I inferred the family relationships of nearly 1 million people, from Wikidata] ** (Deutsch) [https://www.wikimedia.de/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Wikidata_in_Museen_Archiven_und_Bibliotheken.pdf Wikidata in Museen, Archiven und Bibliotheken (PDF)] * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=in3M5o_CMKM Live Wikidata Editing #126] ** (Español) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4eS1tcQzYE Workshop: Digital Humanities Methodologies Applied to Research] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9-MDvkO2Ow Sep 2026 Community Call: International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) & Wikimedia] - can IIIF be integrated with Wikimedia platforms, or as a Wikibase instance? ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5lxvetWlGqQ&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence Campaign Launch 2026 using Wikidata] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://lex-olympia.toolforge.org/ Lex-Olympia] is a tool by [[User: Luca.favorido]] it is an open, gamified challenge platform for exploring Wikidata lexemes, born as a successor to the now-unmaintained Lexeme Challenge tool. Players test their language knowledge by matching audio, hyphenations, and concepts to lexemes, competing via scores and a weekly leaderboard. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * WM Turkic languages user group ([https://www.instagram.com/p/Dc__Z8OxISH/ instagram post]): official co-hosts of WikidataCon 2027; Istanbul, Türkiye, in collaboration with Üsküdar University. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14867|phonetic synthesis method]] (<nowiki>phonetic synthesis method used to process the recorded voice from a human source to build a voice bank</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14869|‎LPF rating]] (<nowiki>film and media rating in Malaysia by the Film Censorship Board</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14875|‎Collective bargaining coverage]] (<nowiki>Percentage of workers covered by collective agreement coverage. This is distinct from union membership rate, because non-union members can also be covered, for example France has 7% union density but 98% collective bargaining coverage.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14881|has Pokémon Ability]] (<nowiki>Pokémon Ability assigned to this Pokémon species or form in games of the Pokémon series</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14850|‎Allotrope Foundation Ontology function ID]], [[:d:Property:P14851|‎Allotrope Foundation Ontology process ID]], [[:d:Property:P14852|‎Allotrope Foundation Ontology quality ID]], [[:d:Property:P14853|‎Allotrope Foundation Ontology result ID]], [[:d:Property:P14854|‎Allotrope Foundation Ontology role ID]], [[:d:Property:P14855|Arcinsys Hessen ID]], [[:d:Property:P14856|Arcinsys Niedersachsen/Bremen ID]], [[:d:Property:P14858|Archivportal Thüringen ID]], [[:d:Property:P14860|Baden-Württemberg archives ID]], [[:d:Property:P14861|BookWyrm author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14862|BookWyrm book ID]], [[:d:Property:P14863|VocaDB tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P14864|Statistics Finland Concept Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14866|sgpbusiness.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P14868|‎LIDO concept ID]], [[:d:Property:P14870|‎Common Core Ontologies concept ID]], [[:d:Property:P14871|GenWiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14872|findbuch ID]], [[:d:Property:P14873|Darija.io ID]], [[:d:Property:P14874|‎China Railway telegraph code]], [[:d:Property:P14876|‎Sharjah Dictionary word ID]], [[:d:Property:P14877|CCLI song ID]], [[:d:Property:P14878|‎DEHIO digital Deutschland Bauwerk ID]], [[:d:Property:P14879|Vietnamese administrative unit code]], [[:d:Property:P14880|UkrBIN ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/stylized representation|stylized representation]] (<nowiki>stylized visual representation of the subject</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Former country|Former country]] (<nowiki>Historical country that was in force at the time of this event/object or in the past</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/North Dakota Legislative Assembly biography ID|North Dakota Legislative Assembly biography ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a biography at the North Dakota Legislative Assembly</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wyoming Legislator Database ID|Wyoming Legislator Database ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a biography in the Wyoming Legislator Database</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/European Legislation Identifier|European Legislation Identifier]] (<nowiki>EU legislation identifier for documents published by the EU, its member states and other (non-EU) countries</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Visa requirement|Visa requirement]] (<nowiki>Requirement for a non-citizen to enter a country</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FilmBaze people ID|FilmBaze people ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EHRI Institution ID|EHRI Institution ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar Topics|Climate Policy Radar Topics]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SEASLUG.WORLD taxon ID|SEASLUG.WORLD taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Verenigingsloket vCode|Verenigingsloket vCode]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/StoryGraph book ID|StoryGraph book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/China Railway Pinyin code|China Railway Pinyin code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ZFIN person ID|ZFIN person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BallotReady person ID|BallotReady person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Film Archive of Japan ID|National Film Archive of Japan ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Baza osób polskich ID|Baza osób polskich ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mycelium entity ID|Mycelium entity ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant DDH|identifiant DDH]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Alberta Legislative Assembly member ID|Alberta Legislative Assembly member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Homeostasis imbalance process ontology|Homeostasis imbalance process ontology]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga (DBBL) Spieler ID|Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga (DBBL) Spieler ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital Momijiyama Bunko ID|Digital Momijiyama Bunko ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kunaicho Shoryobu Shuzo Kanseki Shuran ID|Kunaicho Shoryobu Shuzo Kanseki Shuran ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Union Catalogue Database of Japanese Texts ID|Union Catalogue Database of Japanese Texts ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Siwar entry ID|Siwar entry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISDCF studio identifier|ISDCF studio identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISDCF facility identifier|ISDCF facility identifier]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/UGb4 Tram stops per network map] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E133|adminstrative district in Turkey (E133)]] * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Medicine/Knee Arthroplasty|WikiProject Medicine/Knee Arthroplasty]] maintains structured data for knee replacement on Wikidata, covering the procedure tree and the taxonomy of surgical techniques, with a literature layer of referenced scholarly articles. * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LGBT/Duga|WikiProject LGBT / Duga]] ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Victims_of_National_Socialism/Data_Model|Project Victims of National Socialism / Data model]] ''' Development ''' * Query Service migration: We are adapting more of the example queries for QLever * Mobile editing: We are making minor adjustments in preparation for the rollout for everyone * Wikidata integration in Wikipedia and co: ** We are continuing to automate the connection of Wikidata to newly-created wikis, and replace the sites table with a Sitematrix lookup, which is more efficient ([[phab:T431093]]) ** We are continuing the research into how best to handle changes for language link updates in Recent changes and Watchlist, which are mostly considered not relevant for editors [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Tunisia|Tunisia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:59, 14 September 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=30932448 --> == ''The Signpost'': 16 September 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/News and notes|The Balance of Power]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/In the media|Shocking photos may be changed on Wikipedia]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Disinformation report|Have UN Secretary-General candidates manipulated Wikipedia?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Recent research|Google's AI overviews may have reduced search engine referrals to English Wikipedia by 5%]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/WikiConference report|The backwater symbiosis – reflections from Wiki Conference India 2026]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Traffic report|Heaven let your light shine down]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Serendipity|Wikipedia Family Mosh Pit]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Obituary|Passing of Gobonobo, community leader advocating for women and minorities]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/On the bright side|Fantasy video games, hopeful science fiction, and the change of seasons]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-09-16/Comix|The Adventure of the Unknown Corpse]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 02:11, 16 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=31028446 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Scotty (dinosaur)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Scotty Tyrannosaurus.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Scotty''' is the nickname for the Tyrannosaurus rex fossil, catalogued as RSM P2523.8, that was discovered in Saskatchewan, Canada in 1991.[3] The fossilised remains were painstakingly removed, almost completely by hand, over two decades from the rock in which they were embedded. When the preparation was complete in 2011, an around 65% complete T. rex skeleton was revealed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:02, 21 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31045260 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #750 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-09-21. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#749]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Kvazimodo|Kvazimodo]] :<small>RfP is scheduled to end after 26 September 2026 08:42 (UTC)</small> * Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator#Chrisahn|Chrisahn]] - voting has been closed. * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/BenchfolkBot|BenchfolkBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add or correct sourced statements on existing items after explicit human approval. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/CatmapperBot|CatmapperBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add [[Property:P14249|SocioMap ID]] statements for reviewed SocioMap category mappings, and provisionally add [[Property:P2888|exact match]] URLs for reviewed ArchaMap category mappings until Wikidata approves an ArchaMap-specific identifier property. * Closed request for permissions/Bot: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/HsfBot|HsfBot]] - Closed as Approved * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Add properties to the Deletion policy|Add properties to the Deletion policy]] - following a [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#c-Amitie_10g-20260902214200-Should_identifier_properties_be_deleted_when_the_external_website_goes_offline?|Project Chat]] discussion, suggestions for an amendment to the policy are being discussed and your feedback is welcome. ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** [[m:Open_Knowledge:_Wikimedia_%26_Research_in_the_CEE_Region/Registration_%26_scholarships|Open Knowledge Wikimedia Research in the CEE Region]], online participation to the Conference is still open, [[m:Open_Knowledge:_Wikimedia_%26_Research_in_the_CEE_Region/Registration_%26_scholarships|register here]]: 09 - 10 October. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Papers: ** [https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20057 WiCleanData: Guaranteeing the Type Consistency of Wikidata by Taxonomy Refinement and Constraint Enforcement] by Peng et al., (2026). ** [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/414343459_The_Wikibase_Ecosystem_in_DH_and_GLAM The Wikibase Ecosystem in Digital Humanities and GLAM] by Lindemann et al., (2026). * Videos: (Swedish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8clrj_3MG4 The SAT trail in OSM and Wikidata] by Magnus Sälgö. ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://wikidata-todo.toolforge.org/cloudy_concept.php Concept cloud] - Shows language labels for Wikipedia links from a Wikidata item, and allows label editing. ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Job vacancy: [https://job-boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/8060261?gh_src=4n8hpqkx1us Software Engineer, Wikidata Platform] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14885|Wyoming Legislator Database ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a biography in the Wyoming Legislator Database</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14891|‎has expression of concern]] (<nowiki>(article) has an expression of concern (expression of concern notice)</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14882|National Governors’ Association ID]], [[:d:Property:P14883|Numista engraver or designer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14884|‎Phenotype and Trait Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P14886|‎ZFIN person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14887|Association Service Desk vCode]], [[:d:Property:P14888|Nazi Reich Ministries ID]], [[:d:Property:P14889|‎North Dakota Legislative Assembly biography ID]], [[:d:Property:P14890|KennisWest ID]], [[:d:Property:P14892|‎GOLD linguistic concept ID]], [[:d:Property:P14897|‎Alberta Legislative Assembly member ID]], [[:d:Property:P14900|EHRI Institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P14901|‎Encyclopedia of Alabama ID (new schema)]], [[:d:Property:P14902|National Film Archive of Japan ID]], [[:d:Property:P14903|‎Homeostasis imbalance process ontology]], [[:d:Property:P14904|DDH ID]], [[:d:Property:P14905|Economic Operators Registration and Identification number]], [[:d:Property:P14907|wowKorea work ID]], [[:d:Property:P14908|wowKorea Person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/illustrator (character)|illustrator (character)]] (<nowiki>artist who illustrated the character</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/contribution URL|contribution URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a page explaining how to participate in or contribute to a project or organization</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Holy See cardinal biography ID|Holy See cardinal biography ID]] (<nowiki>identifier for a cardinal's biography at the website of the Holy See</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Atomic radius, covalent radius and van der Waals radius|Atomic radius, covalent radius and van der Waals radius]] (<nowiki>measured or calculated radius of an atom of a chemical element</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Register of British Slave Traders person ID|Register of British Slave Traders person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tric Trac|Tric Trac]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PsychonautWiki article ID|PsychonautWiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hitchwiki article ID|Hitchwiki article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Raras disease ID|Raras disease ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Heritage Overlay Number|Heritage Overlay Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Techniques de l'Ingénieur author ID|Techniques de l'Ingénieur author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/nbsearch|nbsearch]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Indian Film History film ID|Indian Film History film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Indian Film History person ID|Indian Film History person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VideoGamesCritic game ID|VideoGamesCritic game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificador Eldoblatge d'actor original|identificador Eldoblatge d'actor original]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificador Eldoblatge d'actor de doblatge|identificador Eldoblatge d'actor de doblatge]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E206|(E206) ''Stolperstein'']]: Stumbling blocks, commemorative plaques set into the ground for victims of Nazism. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Taiwan/Wikidata_Cross-Domain_Forum|(Traditional Chinese) Project Taiwan: Wikidata Cross-Domain Forum]] * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology/Ontology_Course/Projects_Offering_3|Project Ontology: Course Offering 3]] * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:User:Ivan_A._Krestinin/To_merge/Categories|Categories (to merge)]] - this list generated by User:Ivan A. Krestinin suggests potential duplicate categories. ''' Development ''' * [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Tunisia|Tunisia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:09, 21 September 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=31043091 --> == Tech News: 2026-39 == <section begin="technews-2026-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 23 September 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1790172000 14:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team tested a new post-edit notice designed to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#4. Encourage Temporary Accounts to Register|encourage Temporary Account holders to register for a permanent account]]. The new notice replaced multiple dialogs and a simultaneous welcome notification with a single message highlighting the benefits of creating an account. The experiment increased permanent account creation from 1.94% to 3.66%, an 87% relative increase. The change will now be released to all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433551] * For Wikipedia editors using the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|"Suggestion mode" Beta Feature]], there is a [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-editcheck-experimental|new opt-in user preference]] for showing "experimental" edit checks and suggestions. These types are listed at [[Special:EditChecks#experimental-checks|Special:EditChecks]], and are intended for early developer-testing and for gathering feedback from experienced users. Administrators can change the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|configuration details]] for each suggestion as usual. Administrators can also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Experimental Suggestions|use this feature]] to help test their community's ideas for locally created checks and suggestions. Experimental types will have a more distinct visual style later this week. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * The [[m:CEE Technical Village Pump|CEE Technical Village Pump]] has been launched as a space for technical discussions and collaboration among Wikimedia communities in Central and Eastern Europe. * A new tool, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit|Starter Kit]], is now available for new and small language Wikipedia communities. It brings together guided tasks, tools, and resources to help communities get started, monitor their progress, and collaborate with the broader Wikimedia community. Starter Kit is hosted on Wikimedia Toolforge and is designed for Wikipedias with fewer than 50,000 articles. Learn more about how Starter Kit works and how communities have been using it in [[diffblog:2026/09/18/introducing-starter-kit-for-new-and-small-language-wikipedias/|this Diff blog post]]. * The Reader Growth team is launching a retest of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|image carousel experiment]]. The retest will use three new versions of the design, updated based on community feedback. The team will assess results and determine with communities whether or not to proceed with the feature. The experiment will begin the week of September 28 and will run on Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, Farsi, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * After successful rollouts to Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]] from the Reader Experience team will be available to all logged-in users on all Wikipedia wikis starting September 28. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the mentor status script repeatedly updated mentors’ status even when nothing had changed, creating unnecessary Recent Changes entries, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436659] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, used to retrieve specific details about active or historical abuse filters configured on a wiki, has been updated to support the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>formatversion=2</nowiki></code></bdi> configuration parameter, thereby leading to breaking changes to the API response. All users who maintain user-scripts or other code need to check if they use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, and respond to any breaking changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435828] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W39"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:53, 27 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31085309 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Descartes Highlands]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Apollo 16 landingsite.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Descartes Highlands''' is an area of lunar highlands located on the near side that served as the landing site of the American Apollo 16 mission in early 1972. The Descartes Highlands is located in the area surrounding Descartes crater, after which the feature received its name <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:27, 28 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31087748 --> == Tech News: 2026-40 == <section begin="technews-2026-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of default skins on desktop and mobile web (Vector 2022 and Minerva respectively) will now be informed if the search suggestions displayed as they type into Search come from page redirects. Previously, users could get confused when the top search suggestions did not match exactly what they had typed. The new redirect notice clarifies that these suggestions are not random, but related to the search. The suggested pages may be redirects to the most relevant destination articles being searched for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303013] * Logged-out Wikipedia users on mobile web will begin to see a bookmark button for saving articles to their [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] instead of the current Watchstar button. When clicked, the bookmark button prompts users to log in or create an account to save an article for later. An earlier experiment found that the bookmark icon was four times more likely than the Watchstar button to encourage logged-out users to create an account. This change is part of efforts to encourage more readers to become account holders and use features that help them save and return to content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T438769] * An experiment will begin on September 29 on Spanish, Arabic, English, and French Wikipedias to simplify the experience users encounter immediately after account creation. The test will explore whether removing friction from the current Welcome Survey helps new users understand what to do next more easily. The experiment will run through the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430058] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has put out a call for the community to suggest topics that it should consider and discuss with the Wikimedia Foundation. Editors and technical contributors are invited to add topics to [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council|the council's talk page]]. * Later this week, it will be possible for communities to configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit Checks and Suggestions]] so that they are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#extraNamespaces|shown within additional namespaces]], such as a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Draft:</nowiki></code></bdi> namespace. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * A bug in the [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] is causing the page to fail to load for users that have unseen changes on Wikimedia Commons. Developers are working on a fix. Until then, affected users can follow the workarounds described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist#GlobalWatchlist temporarily broken for users with Wikimedia Commons|relevant]] help section. * New magic words <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{CATEGORYSORT:TIMESTAMP}}</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{CATEGORYSORT:RTIMESTAMP}}</nowiki></code></bdi> are now available for use. They are able to change the default sorting of categories to be based on timestamp of categorization. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was not reachable has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The datacenter switchover, scheduled on September 23, has been postponed. [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|The equinox exercise]] revealed capacity issues, preventing the switch of all services to the other datacenter. The process has been paused, prioritizing investigating that issue, to ensure that we continue to be able to serve our users reliably. A new exercise will be scheduled. Meanwhile, all traffic and edits continue to work as usual. * On September 23, a power loss briefly affected all wikis, creating intermittent issues on both reading and editing modes. This also affected Gerrit. This is unrelated to the datacenter switchover postponement. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/9fm19t8qykk8] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Produnto|Produnto]] has been deployed to mediawiki.org and [[phab:T421436|some Indic language wikis]]. We want to hear your feedback on this experimental product. Produnto allows users to use Lua modules hosted in [[gitlab:repos/lua|Wikimedia's GitLab]]. It simplifies the sharing of Lua code between wikis. Instead of copying each individual Lua module from one wiki to another, users will be able to easily share packages across all wikis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[m:Event:Cross-wiki Code Collaboration Workshop|Cross-wiki code collaboration workshop]] will be held online on October 2 at 12:30 UTC, bringing together South Asian technical contributors to learn about Produnto and begin piloting it on Hindi, Punjabi, Odia, Telugu, and Malayalam Wikipedias. Produnto is a package manager for deploying Lua modules hosted on GitLab to Wikimedia wikis, and was recently deployed on some pilot wikis. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W40"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:46, 28 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31092225 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #751 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-09-28. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#750]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/MamouriBot|MamouriBot]], '''Task/s:''' Add census demographics — population, male population, female population, and no. of households — to existing Iranian settlement items identified by ''[[d:Property:P1010|Iran statistics ID (P1010)]]'', from the Statistical Center of Iran censuses of 1385 (2006) and 1395 (2016). ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The program for the Wikidata Query Service Days (October 17-23) is now published, covering the migration from Blazegraph to QLever with sessions for editors, reusers, and tool builders; see the event page for details and [[d:Event:Query_Service_Days_2026#Sessions|schedule]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [[Diffblog:from-university-research-to-free-knowledge-academics-discover-wikimedia/|From University Research to Free Knowledge: Academics Discover Wikimedia]] by [[m:User:Osps7|User:Osps7]] ** [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/wikidata-bulk-snapshots-batches/ WM Enterprise: Wikidata Bulk snapshots] ** [https://www.wikiloveswomen.org/2026/08/31/wiki-oto-2026-wiki-loves-women-and-africa-wiki-women-join-forces Wiki OTO 2026: Wiki Loves Women and Africa Wiki Women join forces!] ** [https://freeknowledgeafrica.org/making-african-restitution-efforts-more-visible/ Making African Restitution Efforts More Visible] * Papers: [https://arxiv.org/html/2609.29474v1 CodeGraph: Open-Taxonomy Knowledge Graph for Source Code with Wikidata Grounding] by Pennino et al., (2026). * Videos: **When the Old Constraints Disappear: Work and Creativity in the Age of AI (Wikipedia->Wikidata->Wikifunctions->Abstract Wikipedia), John Samuel, Mindstone AI Meetup, September 22, 2026, Lyon, France ([https://community.mindstone.com/annotate/article_BAlTTMiMLlNJjjRpAn Video], [https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/When_the_Old_Constraints_Disappear_Work_and_Creativity_in_the_Age_of_AI_Mindstone_AI_Meetup_Lyon_-_John_Samuel/33968791 Slides]) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BS0BZF5WhRg&pp=ygUIV2lraWRhdGE%3D AI BRIDGES Open Forum meeting - September 2026] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://humansmap.com/gallery/gallery.html#power HumansMap Gallery] - The site offers various type of visualizations, and offers the possibility to navigate through connections between people and organizations, based on your interests, powered by Wikidata. * [https://bookitemizer.toolforge.org/ 📚 Wikidata Book Itemizer] It is a simple tool to catalog books on Wikidata! Creating work and edition items manually on Wikidata with proper metadata and multilingual labels can often be tedious and error-prone. Wikidata Book Itemizer automates this entire process with a simple form! ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is researching how to improve interoperability between Wikidata, Wikibase Cloud, and Wikibase Suite. If you've worked with data imports or staging, or even if you haven't, your input would be valuable. The [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/LOD-Interoperability-Migration survey] takes 5 to 10 minutes and is anonymous. More information on the background of the questions: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Mass-editing policy#Context|Wikidata:Requests for comment/Mass-editing policy#Context]] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: none ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14909|Union Catalogue Database of Japanese Texts ID]], [[:d:Property:P14910|‎Siwar entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P14911|Kunaicho Shoryobu Shuzo Kanseki Shuran ID]], [[:d:Property:P14912|‎Emulation General Wiki article ID]], [[:d:Property:P14913|Digital Momijiyama Bunko ID]], [[:d:Property:P14914|Raras disease ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Writers at Risk database ID|Writers at Risk database ID]] (<nowiki>Identifier in the PEN America Writers at Risk database, cataloging writers threatened, imprisoned, and jailed worldwide</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ohio Entity Number|Ohio Entity Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NZPCN legacy ID|NZPCN legacy ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Žmonės.lt topic ID|Žmonės.lt topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Jersey HER Reference|Jersey HER Reference]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le Maitron|Identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le Maitron]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Google Search profile handle|Google Search profile handle]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Leipziger Biographie ID|Leipziger Biographie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LEO-BW person ID|LEO-BW person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biopsa ID|Biopsa ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Isle of Man Registered Building No.|Isle of Man Registered Building No.]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Waymark code|Waymark code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant dans OrthodoxWiki en français|Identifiant dans OrthodoxWiki en français]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WE League player ID|WE League player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WE League manager ID|WE League manager ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Delfi.lt topic ID|Delfi.lt topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lrytas.lt topic ID|Lrytas.lt topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Baidu Baike article|Baidu Baike article]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [[Wikidata:Request a query#c-YoshiRulz-20260927103700-Paula_(WDU)-20260925145700|Latin American Cinema / Films with an English or Portuguese Wikipedia page, but not Spanish]] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E422|(E422) 'Golden age of illustration']] book from the Maastricht University Library collection. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Schlaraffia|Project Schlaraffia]] - for enriching items about the German-language fraternity [[d:Q1305789|Schlaraffia ''<small>(Q1305789)</small>'']] and its international and local associations. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Tamil_Nadu|Project Tamil Nadu]] dedicated to creating and improving Wikidata content related to [[d:Q1445|Tamil Nadu ''<small>(Q1445)</small>'']] and [[d:Q5885|Tamil ''<small>(Q5885)</small>'']]. * WikiProject Highlights: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_PCC_EMCO_Wikidata_CoP/List_of_corporate_body_properties|Project PCC EMCO Wikidata CoP]] added a subpage for listing Properties normally associated with Corporate bodies. ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We are continuing with UX fixes. This is primarily visual polish and consistency as well as fixing bugs related to RTL display. * Wikibase REST API: ** We are finishing the support for creating Lexemes and the statements on them. ** We are continuing working on support for adding Forms to a Lexeme. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are going to stop sending language link changes to the first few wikis. An initial deployment to group1 wikis is now planned for Monday, 05.10.2026. (Click group1 on [https://versions.toolforge.org this Toolforge page] to see which Wikis are included.) This will help reduce noise in Watchlists and Recent changes and help reduce the size of the database table holding recent changes on these wikis. ** Connecting a newly created Wiki to Wikidata is a manual task, we are automating that and optimising the SitesTable at the same time, making a 'single source of truth' that all wikis point to, rather than a table per Wiki that are all clones of each other. ** We are experimenting with raising the entity usage limit on wikis. If this is feasible, we can reduce the amount of bundled changes. This would reduce the quantity of Wikidata-triggered Recent Changes rows being created. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/The Gambia|The Gambia]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:38, 29 September 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=31072096 --> == September 2026 CEE Newsletter is out == Hi everyone, The [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/September_2026 September 2026 issue] of the CEE Newsletter has been published. This issue highlights diverse efforts to create, protect, and share open knowledge, featuring activities in education, GLAM, photography, and community engagement. It also explores new recognition and funding proposal, resources for smaller Wikipedia language editions, and peer-learning experiences. '''Read the full newsletter [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CEE/Newsletter/September%202026 here].''' Enjoy the read!<br/> Caner (User:Kurmanbek) --[[User:Kurmanbek|Kurmanbek]] ([[User talk:Kurmanbek|talk]]) 14:05, 30 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Kurmanbek@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/CEE&oldid=31073719 --> == This Month in Education: September 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 9 • September 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Wikipedia Writing Training at Universitas Terbuka. WikiRempah Welcomes Wikimedians in Ternate|Wikipedia Writing Training at Universitas Terbuka. WikiRempah Welcomes Wikimedians in Ternate]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Wikimedia MKD’s Wiki Camp & Team Building 2026|Wikimedia MKD’s Wiki Camp & Team Building 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Wikimedia Commons Training for Students at Universitas Nurul Hasan Bacan: Mobilizing Bacan's Youth with WikiRempah|Wikimedia Commons Training for Students at Universitas Nurul Hasan Bacan: Mobilizing Bacan's Youth with WikiRempah]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Wikidata integration in the Library & Information Science course|Wikidata integration in the Library & Information Science course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Translating the EduWiki Newcomer's Starter Kit in Albanian language|Translating the EduWiki Newcomer's Starter Kit in Albanian language]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Training Wikimedia Commons WikiRempah in Bacan, Bringing Digital Education to an Island Without Electricity|Training Wikimedia Commons WikiRempah in Bacan, Bringing Digital Education to an Island Without Electricity]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Synergy Between WikiRempah, the West Halmahera Regency Education and Culture Office, and the Sultanate of Jailolo in Documenting Spice Route Cultural Sites|Synergy Between WikiRempah, the West Halmahera Regency Education and Culture Office, and the Sultanate of Jailolo in Documenting Spice Route Cultural Sites]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/St Aloysius Wiki Club Celebrates 10th Anniversary of Tulu Wikipedia|St Aloysius Wiki Club Celebrates 10th Anniversary of Tulu Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Road to Open Source: bringing open source contribution into Indian engineering classrooms|Road to Open Source: bringing open source contribution into Indian engineering classrooms]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Photography and education: initiatives in Brazil|Photography and education: initiatives in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Open Knowledge Initiatives Summer Internship 2026 – Project Workflow & Learnings|Open Knowledge Initiatives Summer Internship 2026 – Project Workflow & Learnings]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Media Literacy Teacher Training with Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful|Media Literacy Teacher Training with Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Heritage Across Borders: St Aloysius Wiki Club Students Celebrate Cultural Heritage Through Wikipedia|Heritage Across Borders: St Aloysius Wiki Club Students Celebrate Cultural Heritage Through Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/From Bandung's Street Signs to Wikipedia: Rediscovering Sundanese Script|From Bandung's Street Signs to Wikipedia: Rediscovering Sundanese Script]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/CSPC Wiki Club launches student community for open knowledge and youth leadership|CSPC Wiki Club launches student community for open knowledge and youth leadership]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Amplifying Underrepresented Voices: Lessons from the Language Diversity Hub 2026|Amplifying Underrepresented Voices: Lessons from the Language Diversity Hub 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2026/Education activity: Can I trust Wikipedia?|Education activity: Can I trust Wikipedia?]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 18:36, 30 September 2026 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=31092240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Battaglia del pastificio]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Battle of Checkpoint Pasta]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:OTO Melara Somalia 1993.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> La '''battaglia del pastificio''', talvolta chiamata anche battaglia del checkpoint Pasta, fu uno scontro a fuoco verificatosi a Mogadiscio tra le truppe italiane e le milizie Mooryaan somale del generale Aidid ed è ricordata per essere stata la prima battaglia che vide impiegati i militari dell'Esercito Italiano dalla fine della seconda guerra mondiale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:39, 5 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31108366 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #752 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-10-05. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#751]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/SaadBot|SaadBot]] - '''Task/s:''' A read-only (no edits) entity lookups for an academic research project building a relation triplet extraction (RTE) dataset from web text. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/OKA bot|OKA bot]] - '''Tasks:''' Improve Wikidata items using authoritative open datasets, e.g., national mapping data and reference works: add sources, fill gaps, create missing items and report conflicts from the ''Swisstopo'' dataset and its subsets. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/FoxfindingBot|FoxfindingBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Passively enrich existing Wikidata games with gog.com metadata **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Wahl.de Bot|Wahl.de Bot]] - '''Task/s:''' Keep mandate data of German parliamentary members current. Edits to ''end date (P582)'', ''successor/replaced by (P1366)'', ''start time (P580)'', ''parliamentary term (P2937)''retrieved and sourced from official sources. * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Split needed from Q4167836|Wikidata:Requests for comment/Split needed from Q4167836]]: Split [[d:Q4167836|Wikimedia category <small>''(Q4167836)''</small>]] into two items, because one is for [[d:Q35252665|MediaWiki non-main namespace <small>''(Q35252665)''</small>]] and the other is for [[d:Q14204246|Wikimedia project page <small>''(Q14204246)''</small>]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** On October 9 ends up the early-bird registration with its reduced fees for [https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki_Users_and_Developers_Conference_Fall_2026 MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2026], November 11-13, at {{Q|5918873}}. The program is already set up! ** [[d:Q139103554|Wikidata's 14th birthday <small>''(Q139103554)''</small>]] in Taiwan: [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth Birthday/Taiwan|Wikidata Cross-Domain Forum 2026]], 24 Oct 2026. ** (Deutsch) [https://www.aarauinfo.ch/event/eP0MjgtY Wikidata Writing Workshop], takes place Saturday, 31 October, 10:00 to 13:00 CEST at the Aargauer Kantonsbibliothek, Obere Vorstadt 6, 5000 Aarau. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** (Deutsch) [https://www.compgen.de/2026/10/video-meeting-domus-projekt-zur-haeusergeschichte/ Domus – an open data project on the history of houses] - Wikidata and FactGrid Wikibase combine to help build a map visualiser. ** [[diffblog:2026/10/04/wikinusantara-2026-a-second-chance-in-makassar|WikiNusantara 2026: a second chance in Makassar]] ** [https://www.nationalcollection.org.uk/events/news/launching-n-rich-wikimedia-project N-RICH: a new Wikimedia Project to explore Wikidata as a connective layer for UK cultural heritage infrastructure] * Videos: ** (Short) [https://www.instagram.com/reels/DeAfcHjRYBb/ Schomburg Center’s 2026 Wikidata Edit-a-thon during the New York Black and African Literature Festival] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqBKhxP_QoU RLUK DSF | Linked data and the research library] - explores how libraries are engaging with linked data (including Wikidata) and what this means for metadata creation, management, and discovery. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xmELa8KZkU Wikidata 14th Birthday Celebration stream] with Africa Wiki Women. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BS0BZF5WhRg AI BRIDGES Open Forum meeting], the September 2026 meeting, showcasing updates from the DARIAH’s DHWiki working group on Wikibase. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUJPT8w6NHk Exploring networks of artists and scientists] with the Wikidata Query Service. ** (Spanish) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZ5hWv7xW9s What does Wikidata contribute to open library data?] with Elena Sánchez Nogales. * LD4 Conference streams: ** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=8tJ5E4i7rgw&t=490 Sessions 1 / Building more complete and linked GLAM datasets: The Smithsonian’s (In)Visible Women’s Project] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeKkEd3OCEs Sessions 2], incl. *** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=LeKkEd3OCEs?t=4715 EMCO: Entity management for everyone] *** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=LeKkEd3OCEs?t=6476 Using Wikidata to identify duplicates in the Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAF)] *** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=LeKkEd3OCEs?t=7052 From Wikidata to Our Collection Management System: Automating GIS Import for Cultural Heritage Data] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CkLue6pZys Sessions 4] including Finding where to contribute on Wikidata with Dustpan and Broomstick. Wikidata is mentioned throughout the stream. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1S2VDS5F4k Sessions 5 / Reduced Fuzziness in Semantic Kompakkt 3D Object Viewer through Extensive Data Modelling in Wikibase] ** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=7x_K8nf1BpY?t=5029 Sessions 9 / Using Wikidata to Improve the Visibility of African Women in Open Knowledge] ** [https://youtube.com/watch?v=9VjMwwUM89c?t=1705 Sessions 10 / From Sounds to Solidarity: Jazz, Student Protests, and Wikidata] ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duTs2dQtl98 Wikidata Affinity Group: Working with Corporate Bodies for EMCO] ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://mna.toolforge.org/ Mergers & Acquisitions: A Wikidata Merge Assistant], a new web app that surfaces possible duplicate items from Wikidata and provides a simple interface for evaluating the candidate pairs and merging them together or marking them as different. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14924|disjoint with]] (<nowiki>instances of this type cannot be simultaneously instances of that type</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14934|‎contribution URL]] (<nowiki>URL of a page explaining how to participate in or contribute to a project or organization</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14936|atomic radius]] (<nowiki>measured or calculated radius of an atom of a chemical element</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14937|covalent radius]] (<nowiki>radius of an atom of a chemical element when covalently bonded</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Property:P14938|Van der Waals radius]] (<nowiki>radius of an imaginary hard sphere representing the distance of closest approach for a non-bonded atom</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14915|Tric Trac game ID]], [[:d:Property:P14916|Techniques de l'Ingénieur author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14917|Stereo Ve Mono release ID]], [[:d:Property:P14918|‎Sky programme ID]], [[:d:Property:P14919|‎Sky series ID]], [[:d:Property:P14920|Scent Base perfumes ID]], [[:d:Property:P14921|‎Register of British Slave Traders person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14922|‎Onderwijstermen Taalunie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14923|‎NZPCN legacy ID]], [[:d:Property:P14925|Biopsa ID]], [[:d:Property:P14926|‎Writers at Risk database ID]], [[:d:Property:P14927|LEO-BW person (GND) ID]], [[:d:Property:P14928|Leipziger Biographie ID]], [[:d:Property:P14929|Jersey HER Reference]], [[:d:Property:P14930|Isle of Man Registered Building No.]], [[:d:Property:P14931|‎Holy See cardinal biography ID]], [[:d:Property:P14932|‎Google Search profile handle]], [[:d:Property:P14933|Filmbaze people ID]], [[:d:Property:P14935|‎China Railway Pinyin code]], [[:d:Property:P14939|belarusenc.by ID]], [[:d:Property:P14940|‎BLL-Ontology concept ID]], [[:d:Property:P14941|‎IFWiki article]], [[:d:Property:P14942|Brussels ‎Inventory of Movable Heritage designer ID]], [[:d:Property:P14943|Eldoblatge original actor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14944|Eldoblatge original dub actor ID]], [[:d:Property:P14945|Drag France directory ID]], [[:d:Property:P14946|OrthodoxWiki ID (French)]], [[:d:Property:P14948|Le Maitron author ID]], [[:d:Property:P14949|‎Brussels Inventory of Architectural Heritage glossary ID]], [[:d:Property:P14950|‎Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage material ID]], [[:d:Property:P14951|‎Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage object type ID]], [[:d:Property:P14952|‎Brussels Inventory of Movable Heritage technique ID]], [[:d:Property:P14953|‎Brussels Inventory of Natural Heritage taxon ID]], [[:d:Property:P14954|‎WE League manager ID]], [[:d:Property:P14955|‎WE League player ID]], [[:d:Property:P14956|‎ArchaMap ID]], [[:d:Property:P14957|Womens German Basketball Bundesliga Player ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has language or spelling variant|has language or spelling variant]] (<nowiki>the (multilingual) label of the linked item is a a language, spelling or etymological variation of the label of this item</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/school of martial arts|school of martial arts]] (<nowiki>school or style of martial arts this person studied</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/YouSaid person ID|YouSaid person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Demko ID|Demko ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Niconico Pedia article ID|Niconico Pedia article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scholastica scholar ID|Scholastica scholar ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hannah Arendt edition person ID|Hannah Arendt edition person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AbeBooks author ID (2)|AbeBooks author ID (2)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant dans Calames|Identifiant dans Calames]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du Centre Delavouët|identifiant d'un(e) auteurice dans le catalogue du Centre Delavouët]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E379|ICH item(E379)]] - schema for a Unesco Intangible Cultural Heritage item in the international lists or national inventories. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_EastEnders|EastEnders (TV series)]] - a project for the BBC soap opera. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:Database_reports/EntitySchema_directory|The EntitySchema Directory]] ''' Development ''' * REST API: Continuing the work on adding support for lexicographical data, specifically creating a statement, Form and Sense on a Lexeme * Wikidata integration in the Wikimedia projects: We are continuing to look into raising the entity usage limit. We are setting up monitoring to see how much it can reduce the amount of Recent Changes entries triggered from Wikidata. * Mobile editing of statements: We continued addressing the remaining UX issues, including RTL and Kartographer issues * hCaptcha: We are planning the support for it to Wikibase-specific pages like Special:New Item [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Tanzania|Tanzania]] * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:58, 5 October 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=31072096 --> == Tech News: 2026-41 == <section begin="technews-2026-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The process for this year’s Community Wishlist [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027#Updated Community Wishlist Process 2027/2028|has been published]], incorporating community feedback. The wish submission process will [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is the deadline for submitting wishes?|end on November 8]]. This year, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027/Working group|a working group (open for volunteering)]] that includes community members familiar with the technical aspect of our wikis alongside Wikimedia Foundation staff, will take care of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is triage?|triage process]]. The triage is expected to be completed by late November. Votes for wishes will start in January. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] will now see a warning when they paste text that is likely to have initially been copied from one of five external generative AI chatbots into Wikipedia. This feature is known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check|LLM Paste Check]]. It is a type of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] that is community configurable. The check looks for markers in the copied HTML and is not using content watermark detection. Edits will also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Edit tags|be tagged]] so that patrollers can review them more closely. The feature helps newcomers add content that respects Wikipedia’s policies and makes it easier for experienced editors to identify problematic edits. Communities with local policies about LLM usage can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Configuration|adjust the wording and policy that is linked]]. The team [[listarchive:list/translators-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/EVHKWJ4IERZELMPIWNH3XUVUSQV5KOO4/|apologizes]] that this was rolled out without a delay for translations. * Editors can now easily [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|access the web visual editor directly from the iOS and Android apps]]. When opening the editor, users will be given a choice between visual editing and source editing. If they choose visual editing, they will be sent to a mobile web window in their phone's browser. After completing their edit, a banner will give them the option to return to the app. This enables readers to make quick contributions while casually reading. * Users of the Wikipedia Android and iOS apps will now see a one-time account creation prompt after they have used the app for two consecutive weeks. This prompt explains the benefits of having an account. It is intended to help more casual readers become logged-in users who return to the apps regularly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434847] * Editors on [[wmnoc:conf/dblists/group1.dblist|group1 wikis]], including Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource, will no longer see notifications on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Recent changes|Recent Changes]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help: Watching pages|Watchlist]] when a link to another language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. This change will begin on October 5 at 07:00 UTC as a two-week trial to reduce high-volume, low-value notifications and make important changes easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications can read more on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project page]] and share feedback or concerns on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T439415] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where mentors who removed themselves from the mentorship program could still have mentees assigned to them and receive questions, has now been fixed. Mentees will now be reassigned when a mentor leaves the program. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418194] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikimedia Brasil has published its [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Brasil/Arcabouço de Boas Práticas de Desenvolvimento|Development Best Practices Framework]] (ABPD). It is a guide for staff, contractors and volunteers building technical tools and projects. It covers the project lifecycle, security, accessibility, personal data protection and responsible AI use, and explains how movement-wide guidelines were adapted to a local context. They encourage other affiliates to reuse it and adapt it. Read more in the [[wmfblog:2026/09/26/wikimedia-brasils-development-best-practices-framework-technical-sustainability-as-an-organizational-responsibility|Diff post]]. * A new, canonical base URL for Wikimedia APIs will soon be introduced. The new canonical route follows a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{projectName}/api/</nowiki></code></bdi> pattern and will act as an alternative path for current REST APIs (for example: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{projectName}/w/rest.php/</nowiki></code></bdi>). Both versions will be callable for all existing APIs, but the new structure will be the preferred path for newly created API modules. This change will be non-breaking for most users. The existing pathways will remain available for all existing endpoint requests. However, some endpoints may return URLs following the new pattern in response bodies. Changes will be available on test wiki first, with the rollout expected to cover all wikis by the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433535] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W41"/> 18:48, 5 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31098825 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue IX, September 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: What a great month again in the GLAM community! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Wikifying the ALIA West Conference 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Thousands of eyes on Brazilian heritage through Wiki Loves Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: The Long Strides of Egypt’s GLAM Team in September * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Organized Labour Month in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Note condivise opens up Italy’s musical heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Can I trust Wikipedia?, Books of Mana, an Auckland War Memorial Museum update and a report on TDWG2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wiki Loves Film – Collaboration with Manaki Film Festival * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Opening Collections, Growing Networks: Polish GLAM-Wiki in September * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Wiki Ambassadors, Wiki Partners, Raduni Wikigita * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Tunisia report|Tunisia report]]: Wikipedian in Residence: National Archives of Tunisia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Japanese art in Korean + UK Honours * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM USA Report (Past & Upcoming) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Content Partnerships Hub: Some news from the first half of the year * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Peruvian heritage in Thai * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:57, 11 October 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=31124240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lineup.5.JPG|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft''' is a transport museum which specialises in the preservation of trolleybuses. It is located by the village of Sandtoft, near Belton on the Isle of Axholme in the English county of Lincolnshire. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:09, 12 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #753 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-10-12. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#752]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * Open request for adminship: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/DERDAKI ILIAS|DERDAKI ILIAS]] - {{Requests for permissions/Closetime|13 October 2026 11:19}} **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Aue Nai|Aue Nai]] - {{Requests for permissions/Closetime|15 October 2026 02:58}} * New requests for permissions/Bot: **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/OKA bot 2|OKA bot 2]] - '''Tasks:''' Two additional datasets for the ([[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/OKA bot|already approved task of OKA bot]]). For each entry, the bot finds the matching item, adds the identifier if it is missing, and adds the facts the entry states, each referenced to the entry. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/MisovalkoProfileBot|MisovalkoProfileBot]] - '''Task:''' A narrowly scoped source-verification and, only if approved, existing-item update process for [[Q97454550]]. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/RegularBot 4|RegularBot 4]] - '''Task/s:''' Create new items from Wikipedias. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/GZWDer (flood) 7|GZWDer (flood) 7]] - '''Task/s:''' Import data from external sources in comply with the recently approved [[Wikidata:Mass-editing policy]]. **[[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/GZWDer (flood) 8|GZWDer (flood) 8]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding mul labels and aliases; cleanup existing labels in certain cases. No edits to other people's biographies, invented conference items, undocumented private engagements, unsupported future appearances, or promotional link dumps. * Closed request for permissions/Bot, ''all closed as successful'': [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/MamouriBot|MamouriBot]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/OKA bot|OKA bot]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot|Rebot]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot 2|Rebot 2]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot 3|Rebot 3]], [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Bot/Rebot 4|Rebot 4]] * New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/has part (P527) for european political alliances (Q127603408)|Requests for comment/has part (P527) for european political alliances (Q127603408)]] - [[d:Q127603408|Q127603408]] (European political alliance) was created as a subclass of [[d:Q60170135|Q60170135]] (political alliance) for european parties. While [[d:Q60170135|Q60170135]] allows using has part(s) ([[d:Property:P527|Property:P527]]), they were reverted, with "Members are not "parts". * Closed request for comments: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Mass-editing_policy|Mass-editing Policy]] - Consensus reached, the policy will be implemented. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/External_identifier_sorting|External Identifier sorting]] - No consensus ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: * Wikidata [[d:Event:Query_Service_Days_2026|Query Service Days]] commences '''17 October, until 23 October''', make sure to [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/4448|register for access]]. ** See the [[d:Event:Query_Service_Days_2026#Sessions|full program]], sessions will repeat for different timezones * Wikidata's 14th Birthday is coming, '''29 October'''. Join the [[d:Event:Wikidata_Fourteenth_Birthday/Presents_%26_messages_call|Birthday call]] and see what presents have been prepared, and see what community events [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday#Events_calendar|are happening near you]]. * [[d:Event:WikiData_Days_in_Africa/2026|Wikidata Days in Africa 2026]] * Dates, location and scholarships are open for: [[wmania:2027:Scholarships|Wikimania 2027]] * Dates and location for next Wikimedia Hackathon has been announced and scholarship applications are open: [[mw:Wikimedia_Hackathon_2027|Wikimedia Hackathon 2027]] * Previous event: ** If you missed the quarterly Wikidata + Wikibase Office Hour, you can [[d:Wikidata:Events/Telegram_office_hour_2026-10-07|find the transcript here]]. ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ''[https://rtnf.substack.com/p/p101-field-of-work P101 - field of work]'' by rtnF * Videos: ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S884qd1kcD0 Access to Memory (AtoM)] with Wikidata links. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5X3k6jzzA7w Lightning Talk Wikilokal Exploring Wikimedia Around You] with Affandy Murad, it combines information from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Wikivoyage, Wiktionary, and Nominatim within a 3-kilometer radius. ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8w6Onlr26s RDA Wikibase Cloud Sandbox Demonstration: Creating an Account and Logging In] - demonstrates account creation and login process for Crystal Yragui's Wikibase cloud instance: A sandbox for students at University of Washington information school as they learn Official RDA cataloging. ''' Tool of the week ''' *[https://wikidata-reference-validator.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Reference Validator] - A tool which helps validate external references of Wikidata items to check if their links are still accessible or now offline. This matters because we want to ensure that we have solid references for statements in Wikidata, so we can demonstrate how we know what we know ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [[d:Wikidata:Mass-editing policy|Wikidata talk:Mass-editing policy]] has been accepted and is now in effect. * [[f:Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2026-09-25#The_mayor_of_Paris|Wikifunctions Status Update 2026-09-25 (The Mayor of Paris)]] and Wikidata's spread across Wikipedias. * [[d:Wikidata:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|Editing Wikidata statements on mobile devices is officially launching soon!]]<br/>The beta is ending, from '''October 14''', all editors will be able to edit all datatypes from mobile devices. ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/disambiguated by|disambiguated by]] (<nowiki>Links a Wikibase Lexeme to a general disambiguation page, such as a [[Q4167410|Wikipedia disambiguation page]].</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/biome|biome]] (<nowiki>biome in which a geographical area is wholly or partly located, according to a documented ecological classification</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bibliothèque nationale de Tunisie ID|Bibliothèque nationale de Tunisie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mappola ID|Mappola ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/On Think Tanks ID|On Think Tanks ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Beeld & Geluid program ID|Beeld & Geluid program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Le Random subject ID|Le Random subject ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RETE ID|RETE ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificativo Corago di un evento|identificativo Corago di un evento]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AVN company ID|AVN company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AVN person ID 2|AVN person ID 2]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/swissNAMES3D ID|swissNAMES3D ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/THB Wiki ID|THB Wiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nederlands Fotomuseum-id|Nederlands Fotomuseum-id]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: [https://w.wiki/YvAY Current collections of Astrolabes by the Lahore astrolabists] ([[:w:en:Lahore family of astrolabists|relevant English Wikipedia article]]) ''' Development ''' * Mobile statement editing: We fixed a few remaining issues before the full roll-out to everyone later this week. * hCaptcha support: We planned how to integrate support for hCaptcha in the Wikibase-related pages. * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** We are collecting feedback from the first wikis about removing the language link change entries from Recent changes and watchlists. ** We are collecting data to determine how much we can increase the entity usage limit. * REST API: We are continuing to add support for Lexeme editing to the REST API. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:49, 12 October 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=31072096 --> == Tech News: 2026-42 == <section begin="technews-2026-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Starting October 13, wikis can change the default pattern for [[:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]] (currently <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref name=":1" /></syntaxhighlight>). They will be able to use human-readable, content-based reference names that are more helpful to contributors using the source editor (e.g. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref name="Miller2026-1" /></syntaxhighlight>). VisualEditor reference name patterns can be defined using MediaWiki system messages, JSON, templates and modules ([[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite/VisualEditor reference names|more information]]). Admins can enable these changes via [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/Cite-VisualEditor-Autonames|community configuration]]. This is a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/W17|community wish]] implemented by [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436255] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to English Wikipedia on October 14 and to remaining Wikimedia Foundation wikis by end of October (likely October 21). The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. This is a [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/History|long-standing community wish]] implemented by [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440243][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440304] '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools]] will be removing the list view of the Watchlist and defaulting everyone to the changelog view. Previously, there were two versions of how the Watchlist is shown to mobile web users: the list view, where editors could see watched articles in a list format, and the changelog view, where editors could see changes to watched articles in a log format, controlled by a user's Advanced Mobile Control settings. This has created issues for code-base maintenance: two different displays means two sets of code to manage. By defaulting to the changelog view, we are simplifying the codebase and avoiding the likelihood of missing bugs. * The Wikipedia Android app is testing a way to listen to article introductions in the “For you” feed. A text-to-speech model reads the existing article text aloud without rewriting it or adding any content. The 30-day experiment will begin in the Wikipedia Beta app during the third week of September, then move to the regular Wikipedia Android app in October for a limited group of eligible users. A small portion of app users (those with English feeds and at least one topic interest) will have access to the feature. This experiment is part of broader efforts to give app readers options in how they consume content in order to deepen engagement and user retention. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Listening to Wikipedia/Phase 1|Learn more]] and [[mw:Talk:Readers/Listening to Wikipedia|share feedback]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighting]] was [[phab:T288161|enabled]] by default for all logged out and newly registered users on the English Wikipedia on September 14. With no signs of adverse effects, the same change is being proposed to be made globally across all wikis in a few weeks. If you have concerns or feedback, or if your wiki would like to opt out, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror#Enabling CodeMirror by default on all WMF wikis for newbies|please see the help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440077] * [[d:Wikidata:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|Wikidata mobile statement editing]] of all datatypes will be officially launched on October 13, when it will be removed from Wikidata [[d:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] and become available to all editors. Users can [[d:Wikidata_talk:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|report bugs and share feedback]]. * Last week, language link changes were removed from [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] feeds on Wikivoyage, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikiquote and Wiktionary. As no adverse effects have been observed, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] plans to roll out this change globally to all Wikipedias. This is scheduled for October 13 at 07:00 UTC, after which editors will no longer see when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. Editors who rely on these notifications can read more on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project page]] and share feedback or ask to opt out their wiki on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440698] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where accidentally touching the graph while scrolling on the Pageviews tool on mobile could unintentionally zoom in has now been fixed. Click-and-drag zoom is now disabled on touch devices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440075] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There are three major changes coming to dumps: the legacy content dumps [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/E6D5EU4PMSTSOI2J7A46HJ3YW2W554CS/ deprecated in January 2026] will now be sunset, the replacement [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_Content_File_Exports MediaWiki Content File Exports] will be delayed to implement a “safety buffer”, and they are now also available as 7zip-compressed files. Users will need to switch the URL they download their dump from. For more information, timeline and migration instructions, see [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legacy_content_dumps_sunset Legacy content dumps sunset]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation discovered unauthorized activity by OpenAI agents on Wikimedia projects, including edits to wikis, attempts to exploit a public note-taking tool, and heavy automated traffic. [[diffblog:2026/10/05/openai-rogue-agent-activities-found-on-wikimedia-projects/|Read the blog post on Diff]] for more details about the activity and the Foundation’s response. '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon! We’ll be meeting in lovely Tirana, Albania for the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia%20Hackathon%202027 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon] from April 9–11, 2027. Scholarship and staff sponsorship applications are currently being [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2027/ accepted through Pretix] and will close on October 30, 2026. General registration will open in January 2027. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W42"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 07:36, 13 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31142468 --> == ''The Signpost'': 13 October 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/News and notes|AELECT returns, Jimbo gives a union update, VisualEditor is now default]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/Serendipity|From a rare portrait of a female millionaire in Nancy to a Japanese painter in Lyon]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/Obituary|Doug Weller]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/In the media|A(I)pocalypses afoot]] * WikiConference Report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/WikiConference Report|WikiConference 2026 & the importance of in-person community]] * By the numbers: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/By the numbers|Does the country of birth affect the likelihood of having a Wikipedia biography?]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/News from Diff|OpenAI "rogue" agent activities found on Wikimedia projects]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/On the bright side|Good people]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/Op-ed|Who are our readers?]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/Traffic report|This world is big and wild and half insane]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/Comix|Fudging the numbers]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 22:46, 13 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=31092234 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jalapeño popper]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cooking-food-stuffed-jalapenos-peppers.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jalapeño poppers''', or jalapeño bites, are jalapeño peppers that have been hollowed out, stuffed with a mixture of cheese, spices, and sometimes ground meat, and breaded and deep-fried or wrapped with bacon and baked. They are a common dish on appetizer menus in chain restaurants in the United States. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:15, 19 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> == Tech News: 2026-43 == <section begin="technews-2026-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To measure the impact of incorporating some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#November 2025: Ideas and feedback|community-requested features]] on logged-out reader retention, a test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing|Image Carousel]] will be pushed to logged-out readers. With the Image Carousel feature, readers browse community-uploaded images, selected by editors as relevant to specific articles. The test starts on November 20. * An experimental notice will be pushed to 0.5% of logged-out mobile readers who come to English Wikipedia from Google, asking them to add Wikipedia as a [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/preferred-sources/ Google Preferred Source]. The test is to see if this notice increases reader retention and encourages people who use Google Search to visit Wikipedia more often. It will run from October 15–29 and will be assessed for its impact on retention and referrals. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[quarry:|Quarry]] returned an “Access denied” error when users tried to run SQL queries, preventing queries from running normally, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440966] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Cog-icon-grey.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Due to a long-standing bug, applications that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For_Developers|OAuth 2]] client credentials flow to act on their owners’ behalf are treated as if they are logged out. This will be fixed for new applications registered on or after Monday, October 19. Some affected applications need to re-register. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420297] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.48/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * A proposal to hold the Wikimedia Hackathon every three years, with regional hackathons in between, [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon/Community Proposal 2026|has been shared]]. It explores making the event more accessible to technical communities in different regions. Share your feedback on the proposal’s [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Hackathon/Community Proposal 2026|talk page]] before November 6. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W43"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:35, 19 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31178499 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #754 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'' Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata in the<br>week leading up to 2026-10-19. Missed the previous one? See issue [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|#753]].<br>''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> ''' Discussions ''' * New requests for permissions/Bot: ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/OKA_bot_3|OKA Bot 3]] - '''Task/s:''' Reference works and registers, like [[d:User:OKA_bot#Task_2:_facts_from_reference_works|Task 2]] (Historical Dictionary of Switzerland and Store norske leksikon). Each item-linked entry, adds statements, references, sources where value is same and missing identifiers. ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/UBZH_Videothek_bot|UBZH Videothek Bot]] - '''Task/s:''' Add external identifiers of films and film directors/people to existing items (from film catalogue of the University Library of Zurich: UZH, Videothek database). ** [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Bot/EZBIDsBot|EZBIDsBot]] - '''Task/s:''' Adding [[d:Property:P8089|EZB ID]], [[d:Property:P1042|ZDB ID]], [[d:Property:P856|website URL]], [[d:Property:P236|Print ISSN]], and Online ISSN from [[d:Q1327244|EZB dataset]] where they are missing in Wikidata. * Closed request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_comment/Schema_virtual_tour|Schema Virtual tour]] - the RfC has been inactive since 2025, but discussion can continue on a dedicated page: [[d:Wikidata:Schema_proposals/virtual_tour|Schema Proposals/Virtual Tour]] ''' Events ''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Upcoming events]]: ** The [[d:Event:Query_Service_Days_2026|Query Service Days]] is currently ongoing! We still have many great sessions left so don't miss out, especially if you use SPARQL, <nowiki>{{Wikidata List}}</nowiki> or the query service (WDQS) in anyway...here's some helpful links: *** [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/4448|Register]] to get access to the live-sessions *** See the [[d:Event:Query_Service_Days_2026#Sessions|full program]], including links to the previous sessions and recordings. ** Wikidata's [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday|14th Birthday]] is approaching soon...see what events are planned on the [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday#Events_calendar|Calendar]] or near you on the [[d:Wikidata:Fourteenth_Birthday#Events_map|Map]]. ** Rutgers University is holding 2 Wikidata Edit-A-Thons, open to all students, faculty, staff and community members. No Wikidata experience is required. *** [https://libcal.rutgers.edu/event/17361479 Newark Activists, Artists, Academics] edit-a-thon, Oct 19, 12:00 - 14:00 EDT *** [https://libcal.rutgers.edu/event/17614499 Black Bibliograohy] edit-A-Thon, Oct 21, 12:00 - 16:00 EDT ** [[wmau:Drop_in_and_Wikidata_-_October_2026|Drop in and Wikidata (Oct)]], a community call and live session will take place 29 Oct, 19:00 pm – 20:30 pm AEDT ''' Press, articles, blog posts, videos ''' * Blogs: ** [https://rtnf.substack.com/p/wdlite-v261018 wdlite v26.10.18] by rtnF ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/10/16/growing-active-technical-contributors-in-eseap/ Growing Active Technical Contributors in ESEAP] ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/10/16/wiki-hour-initiative-trains-government-agency-on-wikipedia/ Wiki Hour Initiative trains government agency on Wikipedia, Wikidata and other Wikimedia projects.] * Papers: ** [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-10-13/By the numbers|Does the country of birth affect the likelihood of having a Wikipedia biography?]], The Signpost, October 13, 2026 ** [https://repository.ifla.org/items/b028a2b0-b909-4a22-b32b-b4d8c3eb076a Using Wikidata to find duplicates in the Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAF)] - Librarians used Wikidata queries to identify and resolve duplicate records in the Library of Congress Name Authority File, improving 1,559 Wikidata items and reporting 166 duplicate records for deletion over six months. By Muratsubaki, (2026). * Videos: ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6xmELa8KZkU&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m Africa Wiki Women’s Wikidata 14th birthday celebration] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=WMRILU3a-nI&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m Wikidata Editing - an introduction with Lepidoptera data] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=h_rJ4mG7eak&pp=iggCQAE%3D&ra=m Sandbox Session September 2026 - The Wikidata Toolbox] ** [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=MQNfQKz3x98&pp=0gcJCY8Co7VqN5tDiggCQAE%3D&ra=m Sandbox Session August 2026 - The Wikidata reference Validator Tool] * Datasets: A dataset comparing Wikipedia biographies count to UN birth estimates by country, gender, and language edition". Codeberg, 2026-07-12, https://codeberg.org/pac2/biographies-vs-births ''' Tool of the week ''' * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:GZWDer/newentity.js Script newentity.js] Generates new items (including lexemes) from the given JSON object. The tool was created by [[User:GZWDer]] ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff ''' * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YQTPWNCTCIDO3SNDLIRNRFA2XTFFK5KR/ Upcoming changes to XML dumps] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EOG5DIAYBCYMDIJDV4CDUCWR5S2YAGSJ/ Mobile statement editing, now available to all editors] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3U5VHOU2SJ2Y72TITJZ7EUVUFDB6H6IA/ Wikimania scholarships] ''' Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]] and [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review ''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> * Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Property:P14967|‎European Legislation Identifier (EU)]] (<nowiki>EU legislation identifier for documents published by the EU, its member states and other (non-EU) countries</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P14958|‎YouSaid person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14959|StoryGraph book ID]], [[:d:Property:P14960|Scholastica scholar ID]], [[:d:Property:P14961|Ohio Entity Number]], [[:d:Property:P14962|Lrytas.lt topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14963|‎ISDCF studio identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14964|‎ISDCF facility identifier]], [[:d:Property:P14965|Calames archives ID]], [[:d:Property:P14966|Hannah Arendt edition person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14968|‎Climate Policy Radar Topics]], [[:d:Property:P14970|E-CRIS.SR ID]], [[:d:Property:P14971|Demko ID]], [[:d:Property:P14972|Delfi.lt topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P14973|Beeld & Geluid program ID]], [[:d:Property:P14974|Baza osób polskich ID]], [[:d:Property:P14975|‎BallotReady person ID]], [[:d:Property:P14976|swissNAMES3D ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> * New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: ** General datatypes: ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan article|National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan article]] (<nowiki>A reference to an article in the printed National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan, identified by its volume and page number.</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/juvenile form of|juvenile form of]] (<nowiki>taxon (or taxa) of which instances of this item may be juveniles</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/development code|development code]] (<nowiki>code assigned by a company or research organisation to a drug substance or product during development, before or alongside its nonproprietary name</nowiki>) ***[[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/part of the observance of|part of the observance of]] (<nowiki>holiday or observation on which this tradition is observed, this item is used, or with which this character is associated</nowiki>) ** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID závodiště podle českého Jockey Clubu|ID závodiště podle českého Jockey Clubu]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/German War Memorial Website ID|German War Memorial Website ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ERef Bayreuth ID|ERef Bayreuth ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EPub Bayreuth ID|EPub Bayreuth ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kansallinen Liiga player ID|Kansallinen Liiga player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SPL person ID|SPL person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Weilbachs Kunstnerleksikon|Weilbachs Kunstnerleksikon]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inscriptions of Aphrodisias ID|Inscriptions of Aphrodisias ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Session composer ID|The Session composer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania 2021 ID|Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania 2021 ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmoteket|Filmoteket]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ecocard ID|Ecocard ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kanalregister|Kanalregister]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IBA cocktail ID|IBA cocktail ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> You can comment on [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open property proposals]]! ''' Did you know? ''' * Query examples: **[https://w.wiki/ZijK Botched executions list] **[https://w.wiki/dM6e Québec governments duration] * Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E208|(E208) SPARQL endpoint]] - entity schema of entities with SPARQL endpoint. * Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Lukion_taulukot|Project Lukion taulukot]] - aims to develop a source-based, mul vocabulary of secondary-school science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) (uses Finnish reference work ''Lukion taulukot'' as its starting corpus). * WikiProject Highlights: ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Estonia|Project GovDirectory]] have added an [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Govdirectory/Estonia|Estonian]] subpage. ** [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Library_and_Information_Science/Statistics|Project Library and Information Services]] added a Statistics subpage. ** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Ethnomusicological_descriptors_-_University_of_Turin/Instruments|Project Ethnomusicological descriptors]] from the University of Turin added an Instruments subpage. * Newest [[d:Wikidata:Database reports|database reports]]: [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/Wikidata_Query_Help|Wikidata Query Help]] - with many database reports using the Query Service as a source, this will be a helpful page for the planned migration. ''' Development ''' * Mobile editing of statements: We set the new mobile statement editing UI live for all mobile users * REST API: We are finishing the work on being able to add Senses to existing Lexemes ([[phab:T432569]]) * Wikidata integration in the other Wikimedia projects: ** Wikidata entities used in this page in the Page Information ([https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Pole_Telescope&action=info#mw-pageinfo-header-properties example]) and Edit source views will now render with their local-language labels (in addition to their QID/PIDs) so it is easier to understand which Items, Properties, etc are used in an article ([[phab:T440430]]) ** We are continuing to investigate the impacts of raising the entity usage limit ([[phab:T441306]]) ** We are protyping wireframe versions of a new filter on Recent changes and Watchlist for Language Links under "Wikidata Edits" in Active Filters ([[phab:T441388]]) * hCaptcha: We started implementation work for hCaptcha on Wikidata.org ([[phab:T426089]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. ''' Weekly Tasks ''' * Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Newest_properties_and_property_proposals_to_review|above]]. * Contribute to the showcase Item and Lexeme [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|above]]. * Govdirectory weekly focus country: * Summarize your [[d:Wikidata:Status_updates/Next#Did_you_know?|WikiProject's ongoing activities]] in one or two sentences. * Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! * [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. * Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Previous|Previous issue]] · [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/Current|Full report]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] . [[:d:User:JosefAnthony |JosefAnthony]] [[:d:User talk:JosefAnthony|talk]] ·[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 20:56, 19 October 2026 (UTC)''' </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:JosefAnthony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=31177905 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:National Day of Bhutan]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''National Day of Bhutan''' (Dzongkha: རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་; Wylie: rgyal yongs dus chen) known as Gyalyong Düchen is a major national event celebrated annually on 17 December in the Kingdom of Bhutan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:05, 26 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> b2hnmnk42qqp93n1fbwikz12l3krq5m 3 425664 7374170 959925 2026-10-25T12:20:34Z Malarz pl 60714 Malarz pl moved page [[User talk:Olivier M.]] to [[User talk:Renamed user 813e953d1ff4d742735dc57f6a27f28d]] without leaving a redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Olivier M.|Olivier M.]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 813e953d1ff4d742735dc57f6a27f28d|Renamed user 813e953d1ff4d742735dc57f6a27f28d]]" 959925 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. It's free.<br>}} At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand it! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and [[translatewiki:Special:FirstSteps|follow the instructions]]. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]].{{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|</div>|}}</div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] ([[User talk:Welcoming Bot|talk]]) 13:49, 25 September 2012 (UTC) q4614svkc71vn2vrsovxl44hjs5x680 10 484354 7374731 6515182 2026-10-26T08:23:04Z Almajidy 2647497 7374731 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="plainlinks"> {| align="center" cellpadding="5" width="98%" style="background-color:#FFF" |- |colspan=3| ==== Сродни проекти ==== Уикипътешественик се поддържа от [[wmf:Home|Фондация Уикимедия]], организация с идеална цел, която поддържа още следните проекти: |- valign="top" | &nbsp;[[File:Wikipedia-logo.svg|25px|link=bg:|Уикипедия]]&nbsp; [[w:bg:|'''Уикипедия''']] свободна енциклопедия | &nbsp;[[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|25px|link=m:Main Page|Мета-Уики]]&nbsp; [[m:Main Page|'''Мета-Уики''']] координира проектите на Уикимедия | [[File:Wiktionary-logo-en.svg|25px|link=wikt:bg:|Уикиречник]] [[wikt:bg:|'''Уикиречник''']] речник и синонимен речник |- | &nbsp;[[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|25px|link=Wikibooks:Main Page|Уикикниги]]&nbsp; [[Wikibooks:Main Page|'''Уикикниги''']] книги и учебници с отворено съдържание | &nbsp;[[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|25px|link=Wikisource:Main Page:English|Уикиизточник]]&nbsp; [[Wikisource:Main Page:English|'''Уикиизточник''']] библиотека за свободно съдържание | [[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|25px|link=Wikiquote:Main Page|Уикицитат]] [[Wikiquote:Main Page|'''Уикицитат''']] колекция от цитати |- | &nbsp;[[File:Wikispecies-logo.svg|25px|link=Wikispecies:Main Page|Уикивидове]]&nbsp; [[Wikispecies:Main Page|'''Уикивидове''']] свободно съдържание за видовете | &nbsp;[[File:Commons-logo.svg|25px|link=Commons:Main Page|Общомедия]]&nbsp; [[:Commons:Main Page|'''Общомедия''']] Склад за медийно съдържание | [[File:Wikiversity-logo.svg|25px|link=v:Main Page|Уикиверситет]] [[v:Main Page|'''Уикиверситет''']] отворена образователна общност |- | [[File:Wikidata-logo.svg|35px|link=d:Wikidata:Main Page|Wikidata]] [[d:Wikidata:Main Page|'''Уикиданни''']] свободна база данни | [[File:MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg|33px|link=mw:Main_Page|МедияУики]] [[mw:Main Page|'''МедияУики''']] Свободен уики софтуер | [[File:Incubator-logo.svg|25px|link=incubator:Incubator:Main Page|Incubator]] [[Main Page|'''Инкубатор''']] на езиковите версии |- |colspan="3"| ==== Езикови версии ==== {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" | style="width:50%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #00f; background-color:#fff;" | <div class="center"> <div style="border-bottom:1px solid #00f; background-color:#fff; padding:0.2em 0.5em 0.2em 0.5em; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;">'''Проектът Уикипътешественик в различни езикови версии:'''</div> <div style="padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 1em;">[[voy:en:|английски (English)]] — [[voy:el:|гръцки (Ελληνικά)]] — [[voy:eo:|есперанто (Esperanto)]] — [[voy:fi:|инландски (Suomi)]] — [[voy:es:|испански (Español)]] — [[voy:it:|италиански (Italiano)]] — [[voy:de:|немски (Deutsch)]] — [[voy:pl:|полски (Polski)]] — [[voy:pt:|португалски (Português)]] — [[voy:ro:|румънски (Română)]] — [[voy:ru:|руски (Русский)]] — [[voy:tr:|турски (Türkçe)]] — [[voy:uk:|украински (Українська)]] — [[voy:fr:|френски (Français)]] — [[voy:nl:|холандски (Nederlands)]] — [[voy:cs:|чешки (čeština)]] — [[voy:sv:|шведски (Svenska)]]<br> [[voy:bn:|бенгалски (বাংলা)]] — [[voy:vi:|виетнамски (Tiếng Việt)]] — [[voy:he:|иврит (עברית)]] — [[voy:id:|индонезийски (Bahasa Indonesia)]] — [[voy:zh:|китайски (中文)]] — [[voy:fa:|персийски (فارسی)]] — [[voy:ps:|пушту (پښتو)]] — [[voy:hi:|хинди (हिन्दी)]] — [[voy:shn:|шан (ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး)]] — [[voy:ja:|японски (日本語)]]— [[voy:ar:|(العربية)]] ---- [[Wy/ba|башкирски (башҡортса)]]({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ba}}) • [[Wy/be|беларуски (беларуская)]]({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/be}}) • '''български'''({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/bg}}) • [[Wy/ka|грузински (ქართული)]] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ka}}) • [[Wy/diq|зазаки (Zazaki)]] ({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/diq}}) • [[Wy/ca|каталунски (català)]]({{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wy/ca}})</div><br> [[Special:IncubatorFirstSteps|Стартиране на нов език!]] </div> |}[[Category:{{#titleparts: {{PAGENAME}} | 2 }}]] l57i4bixgd2baxzpifypy4zv9tucoqf 10 579298 7374699 7227623 2026-10-26T08:00:09Z Almajidy 2647497 7374699 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Main Page/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="Wy/ar/Communityportal/styles.css" /> <!-- دعم الأجهزة المحمولة --> <div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row" dir="rtl" lang="ar"> <div class="mainpage_box"> <div align="center">[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg|45px|link=|center]]</div> <div class="plainlinks" align="center"><big>ويكي الرحلات جزء من عائلة مشاريع '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|مؤسسة ويكيميديا]]'''</big></div> <div class="mainpage-sister-projects"> *[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|40x40px|link=w:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[w:ar:|ويكيبيديا]]</span><br>الموسوعة الحرة</div> *[[File:Commons-logo.svg|40x40px|link=c:|alt=]]<div><span>[[c:|ويكيميديا كومنز]]</span><br>مستودع الملفات والوسائط الحرة</div> *[[File:Wiktionary-logo.svg|40x40px|link=wikt:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[wikt:ar:|ويكاموس]]</span><br>القاموس الحر متعدد اللغات</div> *[[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|40x40px|link=b:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[b:ar:|ويكي الكتب]]</span><br>كتب دراسية وأدلة تعليمية حرة</div> *[[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|40x40px|link=q:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[q:ar:|ويكي الاقتباس]]</span><br>موسوعة الاقتباسات والأقوال المأثورة</div> *[[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|40x40px|link=s:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[s:ar:|ويكي مصدر]]</span><br>مكتبة النصوص والوثائق الحرة</div> *[[File:Wikiversity logo 2017.svg|40x40px|link=v:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[v:ar:|ويكي الجامعة]]</span><br>موارد ومشاريع تعليمية حرة</div> *[[File:Wikispecies-logo.svg|40x40px|link=species:|alt=]]<div><span>[[species:|ويكي الأنواع]]</span><br>دليل الأنواع والكائنات الحية</div> *[[File:Wikidata-logo.svg|40x40px|link=d:|alt=]]<div><span>[[d:|ويكي بيانات]]</span><br>قاعدة بيانات معرفية حرة ومنظمة</div> *[[File:Incubator-logo.svg|40x40px|link=incubator:|alt=]]<div><span>[[incubator:|حاضنة ويكيميديا]]</span><br>تطوير مشاريع ويكيميديا بلغات جديدة</div> *[[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|40x40px|link=m:|alt=]]<div><span>[[m:|ميتا ويكي]]</span><br>تنسيق مشاريع ومجتمعات ويكيميديا</div> *[[File:MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg|40x40px|link=mw:|alt=]]<div><span>[[mw:|ميدياويكي]]</span><br>تطوير برمجيات الويكي وتوثيقها</div> *[[File:Wikifunctions-logo.svg|40x40px|link=f:|alt=]]<div><span>[[f:|ويكي الدوال]]</span><br>مستودع الدوال البرمجية الحرة</div> *[[File:Wikimania.svg|40x40px|link=wikimania:|alt=]]<div><span>[[wikimania:|ويكيمانيا]]</span><br>تنظيم مؤتمرات وفعاليات ويكيميديا</div> *[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg|40x40px|link=outreach:|alt=]]<div><span>[[outreach:|ويكي التواصل]]</span><br>التواصل والتوعية بمشاريع ويكيميديا</div> *[[File:Wikitech-logo-vector2022.svg|40x40px|link=wikitech:|alt=]]<div><span>[[wikitech:|ويكي التقنية]]</span><br>التوثيق التقني والبنية التحتية</div> </div> </div> </div> <noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- أضف التصنيفات وروابط اللغات إلى صفحة /doc وليس هنا! --> </noinclude> </div> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <templatestyles src="Template:Wy/ar/Flatlist/style.css" /><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center"> '''نسخات ويكي رحلات بلغات أخرى''': * [[voy:bn:|বাংলা]] * [[voy:cs:|Čeština]] * [[voy:de:|Deutsch]] * [[voy:el:|Ελληνικά]] * [[voy:en:|English]] * [[voy:es:|Español]] * [[voy:es:|Español]] * [[voy:fa:|فارسی]] * [[voy:fi:|Suomi]] * [[voy:fr:|Français]] * [[voy:he:|עברית]] * [[voy:hi:|हिन्दी]] * [[voy:ja:|日本語]] * [[voy:id:|Bahasa Indonesia]] * [[voy:it:|Italiano]] * [[voy:nl:|Nederlands]] * [[voy:pl:|Polski]] * [[voy:ps:|پښتو]] * [[voy:pt:|Português]] * [[voy:ro:|Română]] * [[voy:ru:|Русский]] * [[voy:shn:|ၵႂၢမ်းတႆးလူင်]] * [[voy:sv:|Svenska]] * [[voy:tr:|Türkçe]] * [[voy:uk:|Українська]] * [[voy:vi:|Tiếng Việt]] * [[voy:zh:|中文]]<br/> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">[[Special:IncubatorFirstSteps|'' ابدأ اصدارا جديداً!'']]</span></div> </div> <noinclude>[[Category:Wy/ar/قوالب:الصفحة الرئيسية/قوالب‏]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5612101}} </noinclude> 25xhylpk67yf8kitf8d1fpr2uw66y6q 7374700 7374699 2026-10-26T08:00:39Z Almajidy 2647497 7374700 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Wy/ar/Main Page/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="Wy/ar/Communityportal/styles.css" /> <!-- دعم الأجهزة المحمولة --> <div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row" dir="rtl" lang="ar"> <div class="mainpage_box"> <div align="center">[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg|45px|link=|center]]</div> <div class="plainlinks" align="center"><big>ويكي الرحلات جزء من عائلة مشاريع '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|مؤسسة ويكيميديا]]'''</big></div> <div class="mainpage-sister-projects"> *[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|40x40px|link=w:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[w:ar:|ويكيبيديا]]</span><br>الموسوعة الحرة</div> *[[File:Commons-logo.svg|40x40px|link=c:|alt=]]<div><span>[[c:|ويكيميديا كومنز]]</span><br>مستودع الملفات والوسائط الحرة</div> *[[File:Wiktionary-logo.svg|40x40px|link=wikt:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[wikt:ar:|ويكاموس]]</span><br>القاموس الحر متعدد اللغات</div> *[[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|40x40px|link=b:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[b:ar:|ويكي الكتب]]</span><br>كتب دراسية وأدلة تعليمية حرة</div> *[[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|40x40px|link=q:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[q:ar:|ويكي الاقتباس]]</span><br>موسوعة الاقتباسات والأقوال المأثورة</div> *[[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|40x40px|link=s:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[s:ar:|ويكي مصدر]]</span><br>مكتبة النصوص والوثائق الحرة</div> *[[File:Wikiversity logo 2017.svg|40x40px|link=v:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[v:ar:|ويكي الجامعة]]</span><br>موارد ومشاريع تعليمية حرة</div> *[[File:Wikispecies-logo.svg|40x40px|link=species:|alt=]]<div><span>[[species:|ويكي الأنواع]]</span><br>دليل الأنواع والكائنات الحية</div> *[[File:Wikidata-logo.svg|40x40px|link=d:|alt=]]<div><span>[[d:|ويكي بيانات]]</span><br>قاعدة بيانات معرفية حرة ومنظمة</div> *[[File:Incubator-logo.svg|40x40px|link=incubator:|alt=]]<div><span>[[incubator:|حاضنة ويكيميديا]]</span><br>تطوير مشاريع ويكيميديا بلغات جديدة</div> *[[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|40x40px|link=m:|alt=]]<div><span>[[m:|ميتا ويكي]]</span><br>تنسيق مشاريع ومجتمعات ويكيميديا</div> *[[File:MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg|40x40px|link=mw:|alt=]]<div><span>[[mw:|ميدياويكي]]</span><br>تطوير برمجيات الويكي وتوثيقها</div> *[[File:Wikifunctions-logo.svg|40x40px|link=f:|alt=]]<div><span>[[f:|ويكي الدوال]]</span><br>مستودع الدوال البرمجية الحرة</div> *[[File:Wikimania.svg|40x40px|link=wikimania:|alt=]]<div><span>[[wikimania:|ويكيمانيا]]</span><br>تنظيم مؤتمرات وفعاليات ويكيميديا</div> *[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg|40x40px|link=outreach:|alt=]]<div><span>[[outreach:|ويكي التواصل]]</span><br>التواصل والتوعية بمشاريع ويكيميديا</div> *[[File:Wikitech-logo-vector2022.svg|40x40px|link=wikitech:|alt=]]<div><span>[[wikitech:|ويكي التقنية]]</span><br>التوثيق التقني والبنية التحتية</div> </div> </div> </div> <noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- أضف التصنيفات وروابط اللغات إلى صفحة /doc وليس هنا! --> </noinclude> </div> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <templatestyles src="Template:Wy/ar/Flatlist/style.css" /><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center"> '''نسخات ويكي رحلات بلغات أخرى''': * [[voy:bn:|বাংলা]] * [[voy:cs:|Čeština]] * [[voy:de:|Deutsch]] * [[voy:el:|Ελληνικά]] * [[voy:en:|English]] * [[voy:es:|Español]] * [[voy:es:|Español]] * [[voy:fa:|فارسی]] * [[voy:fi:|Suomi]] * [[voy:fr:|Français]] * [[voy:he:|עברית]] * [[voy:hi:|हिन्दी]] * [[voy:ja:|日本語]] * [[voy:id:|Bahasa Indonesia]] * [[voy:it:|Italiano]] * [[voy:nl:|Nederlands]] * [[voy:pl:|Polski]] * [[voy:ps:|پښتو]] * [[voy:pt:|Português]] * [[voy:ro:|Română]] * [[voy:ru:|Русский]] * [[voy:shn:|ၵႂၢမ်းတႆးလူင်]] * [[voy:sv:|Svenska]] * [[voy:tr:|Türkçe]] * [[voy:uk:|Українська]] * [[voy:vi:|Tiếng Việt]] * [[voy:zh:|中文]]<br/> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">[[Special:IncubatorFirstSteps|'' ابدأ اصدارا جديداً!'']]</span></div> </div> <noinclude>[[Category:Wy/ar/قوالب:الصفحة الرئيسية/قوالب‏]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5612101}} </noinclude> 32h4romhn6cwed07x7g8kedfbfmbrm1 7374703 7374700 2026-10-26T08:02:39Z Almajidy 2647497 7374703 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Template:Wy/ar/Main Page/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="Wy/ar/Communityportal/styles.css" /> <!-- دعم الأجهزة المحمولة --> <div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row" dir="rtl" lang="ar"> <div class="mainpage_box"> <div align="center">[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg|45px|link=|center]]</div> <div class="plainlinks" align="center"><big>ويكي رحلات جزء من عائلة مشاريع '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|مؤسسة ويكيميديا]]'''</big></div> <div class="mainpage-sister-projects"> *[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|40x40px|link=w:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[w:ar:|ويكيبيديا]]</span><br>الموسوعة الحرة</div> *[[File:Commons-logo.svg|40x40px|link=c:|alt=]]<div><span>[[c:|ويكيميديا كومنز]]</span><br>مستودع الملفات والوسائط الحرة</div> *[[File:Wiktionary-logo.svg|40x40px|link=wikt:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[wikt:ar:|ويكاموس]]</span><br>القاموس الحر متعدد اللغات</div> *[[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|40x40px|link=b:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[b:ar:|ويكي الكتب]]</span><br>كتب دراسية وأدلة تعليمية حرة</div> *[[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|40x40px|link=q:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[q:ar:|ويكي الاقتباس]]</span><br>موسوعة الاقتباسات والأقوال المأثورة</div> *[[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|40x40px|link=s:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[s:ar:|ويكي مصدر]]</span><br>مكتبة النصوص والوثائق الحرة</div> *[[File:Wikiversity logo 2017.svg|40x40px|link=v:ar:|alt=]]<div><span>[[v:ar:|ويكي الجامعة]]</span><br>موارد ومشاريع تعليمية حرة</div> *[[File:Wikispecies-logo.svg|40x40px|link=species:|alt=]]<div><span>[[species:|ويكي الأنواع]]</span><br>دليل الأنواع والكائنات الحية</div> *[[File:Wikidata-logo.svg|40x40px|link=d:|alt=]]<div><span>[[d:|ويكي بيانات]]</span><br>قاعدة بيانات معرفية حرة ومنظمة</div> *[[File:Incubator-logo.svg|40x40px|link=incubator:|alt=]]<div><span>[[Wy|حاضنة ويكيميديا]]</span><br>تطوير مشاريع ويكيميديا بلغات جديدة</div> *[[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|40x40px|link=m:|alt=]]<div><span>[[m:|ميتا ويكي]]</span><br>تنسيق مشاريع ومجتمعات ويكيميديا</div> *[[File:MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg|40x40px|link=mw:|alt=]]<div><span>[[mw:|ميدياويكي]]</span><br>تطوير برمجيات الويكي وتوثيقها</div> *[[File:Wikifunctions-logo.svg|40x40px|link=f:|alt=]]<div><span>[[f:|ويكي الدوال]]</span><br>مستودع الدوال البرمجية الحرة</div> *[[File:Wikimania.svg|40x40px|link=wikimania:|alt=]]<div><span>[[wikimania:|ويكيمانيا]]</span><br>تنظيم مؤتمرات وفعاليات ويكيميديا</div> *[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg|40x40px|link=outreach:|alt=]]<div><span>[[outreach:|ويكي التواصل]]</span><br>التواصل والتوعية بمشاريع ويكيميديا</div> *[[File:Wikitech-logo-vector2022.svg|40x40px|link=wikitech:|alt=]]<div><span>[[wikitech:|ويكي التقنية]]</span><br>التوثيق التقني والبنية التحتية</div> </div> </div> </div> <noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- أضف التصنيفات وروابط اللغات إلى صفحة /doc وليس هنا! --> </noinclude> </div> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <templatestyles src="Template:Wy/ar/Flatlist/style.css" /><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center"> '''نسخات ويكي رحلات بلغات أخرى''': * [[voy:bn:|বাংলা]] * [[voy:cs:|Čeština]] * [[voy:de:|Deutsch]] * [[voy:el:|Ελληνικά]] * [[voy:en:|English]] * [[voy:es:|Español]] * [[voy:es:|Español]] * [[voy:fa:|فارسی]] * [[voy:fi:|Suomi]] * [[voy:fr:|Français]] * [[voy:he:|עברית]] * [[voy:hi:|हिन्दी]] * [[voy:ja:|日本語]] * [[voy:id:|Bahasa Indonesia]] * [[voy:it:|Italiano]] * [[voy:nl:|Nederlands]] * [[voy:pl:|Polski]] * [[voy:ps:|پښتو]] * [[voy:pt:|Português]] * [[voy:ro:|Română]] * [[voy:ru:|Русский]] * [[voy:shn:|ၵႂၢမ်းတႆးလူင်]] * [[voy:sv:|Svenska]] * [[voy:tr:|Türkçe]] * [[voy:uk:|Українська]] * [[voy:vi:|Tiếng Việt]] * [[voy:zh:|中文]]<br/> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">[[Special:IncubatorFirstSteps|'' ابدأ اصدارا جديداً!'']]</span></div> </div> <noinclude>[[Category:Wy/ar/قوالب:الصفحة الرئيسية/قوالب‏]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5612101}} </noinclude> ddrxz9ybm470oy7wn3qo2d2cu4pku9b 0 688219 7374566 7372322 2026-10-26T02:58:28Z Syunsyunminmin 2576388 -sd please provide [[Incubator:Deletion policy|valid reason]] 7374566 wikitext text/x-wiki __TOC__ == الموقع الجغرافي == == معلومات تاريخية == == المناخ == صحراوي قاحل جاف == العطلات الرسمية == الاعياد الدينية كعيد الاضحي المبارك وعيد الفطر و الاعياد الوطنية يوم 27 فبراير اعلان الجمهورية و يوم 12 اكتوبر عيد الوحدة الوطنية == المناطق == منطقة الداخلة الشهيرة بركوب الأمواج. منطقة الساقية الحمرا صيد السمك والغاز الطبيعي . منطقة تشلا منظار مهيبة ويشيب لها الولدان. == المحافظات والمدن == == وجهات للزيارة == == الوصول إلى == === بالطائرة === مطار الداخلة الدولي و مطار العيون الدولي للإنطلاق إلى الساقية الحمرا === بالباخرة === == التنقلات الداخلية == === بالقطار === === بالطائرة === === بالباص === == الإقامة == === الفنادق === === المأكولات والمشروبات === === التسوق والشراء === === التحدث === يتحدث سكان الصحراء الغربية باللهجة الحسانية التي تعتبر من اقرب اللهجات الي اللغة العربية الفصحي في حين تعتبر اللغة الاسبانية ثاني اكثر لغة تحدثا بالبلاد حيث انها لغة المستعمر الاسباني سابقا . === الاحترام للعادات === == الأنشطة == === السياحية === === التعليم === == الصحة والأمان == === الإرشادات الصحية === === الإرشادات الأمنية === === أرقام مهمة === رمز الطوارئ في البلاد هو 112 ورمز الإتصال من خارج البلد هو +212 == الاتصالات == === المحمول === === الإنترنت === == السفارات == {{DEFAULTSORT:صحراوية}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] [[Category:Wy/ar/دول عربية]] [[Category:Wy/ar/دول أفريقيا]] t5udbjmxjejk5nua743djfovm07t186 0 982658 7374230 7324539 2026-10-25T13:03:08Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7374230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Asia banner Rice terraces.jpg|pgname=ஆசியா|caption=பிலிப்பைன்சு நாட்டின் அடுக்கு நெல்வயல்}} '''ஆசியா''' என்பது உலகின் ஏழு கண்டங்களுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது நிலப்பரப்பு மற்றும் மக்கள் தொகை அடிப்படையில் உலகின் மிகப்பெரிய கண்டமான ஆசியா, 460 கோடி மக்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளது; இது உலக மக்கள் தொகையில் பாதிக்கும் மேலாகும். இந்தப் கண்டம் மிகவும் பரந்ததும் பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்டதுமாகும். எனவே, இதனை எளிதில் உள்வாங்கிக்கொள்ளக்கூடிய ஒரேயொரு பயணத் தலமாக மட்டும் கருதிவிட முடியாது. மத்திய கிழக்கின் பாலைவனச் சிதைவுகள் மற்றும் நவீனப் பிரம்மாண்ட வணிக வளாகங்கள் முதல், தெற்காசியாவின் பிரம்மாண்டமான பழங்காலச் சின்னங்கள் மற்றும் மலைத்தொடர்கள் வரையிலும்; தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியாவின் கடற்கரை இல்லங்கள் மற்றும் காட்டுப் பயணங்கள் முதல், கிழக்காசியாவின் பெருநகரங்கள் மற்றும் தொழில்நுட்ப மையங்கள் வரையிலும் பயணத்திற்கான வாய்ப்புகள் மிகவும் விரிவானவை. [[File:TajMahal.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] ஆக்ராவில் உள்ள தாஜ் மகால்]] சுற்றுலா மற்றும் வணிகம் என இரு நோக்கங்களுக்காகவும் ஆசியாவுக்கு ஏராளமான பயணிகள் வருகை தருகின்றனர். பல்வேறு வெளியீடுகள் வெவ்வேறு புள்ளிவிவரங்களை வழங்கினாலும், காலப்போக்கில் அவற்றில் மாற்றங்கள் ஏற்பட்டாலும், உலகின் அதிகம் பார்வையிடப்படும் நகரங்களில் பல ஆசியாவிலேயே அமைந்துள்ளன என்பதை அனைவரும் ஒப்புக்கொள்கின்றனர். [https://www.en-vols.com/en/getaways/travel/most-visited-cities-2025/ ஒரு ஆய்வின்படி], 2025-ஆம் ஆண்டிற்கான முதல் பத்து நகரங்களில் எட்டு நகரங்கள் ஆசியாவில் உள்ளன. அந்தப் பட்டியலில் இடம்பெற்ற நகரங்களின் வரிசை பின்வருமாறு: [[Wy/ta/பேங்காக்|பேங்காக்]], [[Wy/ta/ஆங்காங்|ஆங்காங்]], [[Wy/ta/இலண்டன்|இலண்டன்]], [[Wy/ta/மக்காவு|மக்காவு]] (முக்கியமாக சூதாட்டத்திற்காக), [[Wy/ta/இசுதான்புல்|இசுதான்புல்]], [[Wy/ta/துபாய்|துபாய்]], [[Wy/ta/மெக்கா|மெக்கா]] (முக்கியமாக ஹஜ் யாத்திரைக்காக), [[Wy/ta/ஆந்தாலியா|ஆந்தாலியா]] (துருக்கிய கடற்கரைகள்), [[Wy/ta/பாரிசு|பாரிசு]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/கோலாலம்பூர்|கோலாலம்பூர்]]. இதில் பத்தாவது இடத்தைப் பிடித்த கோலாலம்பூருக்குக் கூட அந்த ஆண்டில் 17 மில்லியனுக்கும் அதிகமான பயணிகள் வருகை தந்திருந்தனர். ஆசியா அனைத்து வகையான பயணிகளுக்கும் — அவர்கள் புதியவராகவோ அல்லது அனுபவம் வாய்ந்த பயணிகளாகவோ இருந்தாலும் — சுவாரஸ்யமான இடங்களை வழங்குகிறது. [[Wy/ta/சப்பான்|சப்பான்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சிங்கப்பூர்|சிங்கப்பூர்]], [[Wy/ta/ஆங்காங்|ஆங்காங்]], [[Wy/ta/தைவான்|தைவான்]], [[Wy/ta/தென் கொரியா|தென் கொரியா]] போன்ற கிழக்கு ஆசியப் புலிகள் என்று அழைக்கப்படும் நவீன மற்றும் செழிப்பான நாடுகள் இதில் அடங்கும்; இந்நாடுகளில் மக்கள் மிக உயர்ந்த வாழ்க்கைத்தரத்தை அனுபவிக்கின்றனர். [[Wy/ta/கம்போடியா|கம்போடியா]], [[Wy/ta/ஆப்கானித்தான்|ஆப்கானித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/லாவோசு|லாவோசு]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/திமோர்-லெசுடே|திமோர்-லெசுடே]] போன்ற குறிப்பிடத்தக்க அளவில் ஊட்டச்சத்துக் குறைபாடுள்ள ஏழை ஆசிய நாடுகளும் உள்ளன. [[Wy/ta/தாய்லாந்து|தாய்லாந்து]], [[Wy/ta/வியட்நாம்|வியட்நாம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/இந்தோனேசியா|இந்தோனேசியா]] உள்ளிட்ட சில நாடுகள், குறைந்த செலவில் பயணம் செய்பவர்களுக்கான [[Wy/ta/வாழைப்பழ கற்காரைவட்டு நடைப்பயணம்|வாழைப்பழ கற்காரைவட்டு நடைப்பயண]] பாதையில் நன்கு அறியப்பட்ட இடங்களாகத் திகழ்கின்றன. [[Wy/ta/பூட்டான்|பூட்டான்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/மாலத்தீவுகள்|மாலத்தீவுகள்]] போன்ற நாடுகள், குறிப்பிட்ட சில பகுதிகளுக்கு அல்லது குறிப்பிட்ட வகையான சுற்றுலா நடவடிக்கைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே அனுமதி அளித்து, அதில் கடுமையான கட்டுப்பாடுகளை விதிக்கின்றன. உலகின் மிகவும் தனிமைப்படுத்தப்பட்ட மற்றும் அடக்குமுறை மிகுந்த நாடுகளாகத் திகழும் [[Wy/ta/வட கொரியா|வட கொரியா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/துர்க்மெனிஸ்தான்|துர்க்மெனிஸ்தான்]] ஆகியவை இதை இன்னும் ஒரு படி மேலே கொண்டு சென்று, தங்கள் "மகாத் தலைவர்களை" மையமாகக் கொண்ட, தொடர்ந்து கண்காணிக்கப்படும் குழுச் சுற்றுலாக்களை மட்டுமே அனுமதிக்கின்றன. நிச்சயமாக, இவற்றுக்கு இடைப்பட்ட நிலையில் உள்ள பல நாடுகளும் உள்ளன. வளர்ந்து வரும் வல்லரசுகளான [[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனாவையும்]] [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவையும்]] இவ்வகையில் குறிப்பிடலாம். நீண்ட வரலாறு, பண்பாட்டுப் பாரம்பரியம் மற்றும் பன்முகத்தன்மை ஆகியவற்றைக் கொண்ட இந்த மிகப்பெரிய, அதிக மக்கள் தொகை கொண்ட நாடுகள், சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்குச் சிறந்த இடங்களாகத் திகழ்கின்றன. == பிராந்தியங்கள் == {{Wy/ta/Worldimagemap/Asiaimagemap}} {{Wy/ta/Regionlist |region1name=[[Wy/ta/காக்கேசியா|காக்கேசியா]] |region1color=#bf82d8 |region1items=[[Wy/ta/அப்காசியா|அப்காசியா]], [[Wy/ta/ஆர்மீனியா|ஆர்மீனியா]], [[Wy/ta/அசர்பைசான்|அசர்பைசான்]], [[Wy/ta/சியார்சியா|சியார்சியா]], [[Wy/ta/தெற்கு ஒசேத்தியா|தெற்கு ஒசேத்தியா]] |region1description=காக்கேசியா என்பது ஐரோப்பாவையும் மத்திய கிழக்கையும் இணைக்கும் ஒரு மலைத்தொடராகும். இது பண்டைய காலத்திலிருந்தே தொடரும் ஒரு உயிருள்ள பாரம்பரியத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. |region2name=[[Wy/ta/மத்திய ஆசியா|மத்திய ஆசியா]] |region2color=#43aad2 |region2items=[[Wy/ta/ஆப்கானித்தான்|ஆப்கானித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/கசகசுத்தான்|கசகசுத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/கிருகிசுத்தான்|கிருகிசுத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/தசிகிசுத்தான்|தசிகிசுத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/துருக்குமெனிசுத்தான்|துருக்குமெனிசுத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/உசுபெக்கிசுத்தான்|உசுபெக்கிசுத்தான்]] |region2description=[[Wy/ta/பட்டுப் பாதை|பட்டுப் பாதையின்]] மையப்பகுதியாகத் திகழும் இநாடுகள், பாலைவனங்கள் முதல் மலைகள் வரையிலான கண்கவர் நிலப்பரப்புகளையும், [[Wy/ta/மார்கோ போலோ|மார்கோ போலோவின்]] அடிச்சுவடுகளைப் பின்பற்றும் வகையிலான உண்மையான சாகச அனுபவத்தையும் வழங்குகின்றன. அத்துடன் இங்குப் பல பழமையான மசூதிகளையும் சோவியத் காலக் கட்டிடக்கலை பாணியிலான கட்டிடங்களையும் காண முடியும். |region3name=[[Wy/ta/கிழக்கு ஆசியா|கிழக்கு ஆசியா]] |region3color=#d5b66b |region3items=[[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனா]], [[Wy/ta/ஆங்காங்|ஆங்காங்]], [[Wy/ta/சப்பான்|சப்பான்]], [[Wy/ta/மக்காவு|மக்காவு]], [[Wy/ta/மங்கோலியா|மங்கோலியா]], [[Wy/ta/வட கொரியா|வட கொரியா]], [[Wy/ta/தென் கொரியா|தென் கொரியா]], [[Wy/ta/தைவான்|தைவான்]] |region3description=பழமைக்கும் புதுமைக்கும் இடையிலான ஒரு கச்சிதமான முரண்பாடு இங்கே காணப்படுகிறது; தொழில்நுட்ப வளர்ச்சியில் முன்னணியில் திகழும் பிரம்மாண்டமான பெருநகரங்கள், இன்றும் அன்றாட வாழ்வில் நீடிக்கும் பண்டைய பண்பாடுகள் மற்றும் தத்துவங்களின் அடையாளங்களான நன்கு பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட கோயில்கள் மற்றும் வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க இடங்களுடன் இணைந்துள்ளன. அதேவேளையில், சீனாவின் கிராமப்புறங்கள் மற்றும் மங்கோலியாவின் பரந்த திறந்தவெளி சமவெளிகள் முற்றிலும் மாறுபட்டதொரு அனுபவத்தை அளிக்கின்றன. |region4name=[[Wy/ta/மத்தியக் கிழக்கு|மத்தியக் கிழக்கு]] |region4color=#814800 |region4items=[[Wy/ta/பகுரைன்|பகுரைன்]], [[Wy/ta/ஈரான்|ஈரான்]], [[Wy/ta/ஈராக்கு|ஈராக்கு]], [[Wy/ta/இசுரேல்|இசுரேல்]], [[Wy/ta/யோர்தான்|யோர்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/குவைத்து|குவைத்து]], [[Wy/ta/லெபனான்|லெபனான்]], [[Wy/ta/ஓமன்|ஓமன்]], [[Wy/ta/பாலத்தீனப் பகுதிகள்|பாலத்தீனப் பகுதிகள்]], [[Wy/ta/கத்தார்|கத்தார்]], [[Wy/ta/சவூதி அரேபியா|சவூதி அரேபியா]], [[Wy/ta/சிரியா|சிரியா]], [[Wy/ta/துருக்கி|துருக்கி]], [[Wy/ta/ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்|ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்]], [[Wy/ta/ஏமன்|ஏமன்]] |region4description=உலகின் மிகத் தொன்மையான நாகரிகங்களில் ஒன்றின் தாயகமாகவும், ஆபிரகாமிய மதங்கள் (யூத, கிறிஸ்தவ மற்றும் இஸ்லாமிய மதங்கள்) தோன்றிய இடமாகவும் இது திகழ்கிறது; தற்போது வளர்ந்து வரும் மேம்பாடு மற்றும் செழுமையான பாரம்பரியத்துடன், உலகின் மிக வேகமாக வளர்ந்து வரும் பிராந்தியங்களில் ஒன்றாகவும் இது விளங்குகிறது. |region5name=[[Wy/ta/உருசியா|உருசியா]] |region5color=#c0599e |region5items=[[Wy/ta/உரால் மலைகள்|உரால் மலைகள்]], [[Wy/ta/சைபீரியா|சைபீரியா]], [[Wy/ta/உருசியத் தொலைக் கிழக்கு|உருசியத் தொலைக் கிழக்கு]] |region5description=வடக்கு ஆசியா உருசியாவிற்குச் சொந்தமானது. ஆசிய உருசியா பாரம்பரியமாக 'சைபீரியா' என்று அழைக்கப்பட்டாலும், இப்பகுதியின் உட்பகுதியை உள்ளடக்கிய ஒரு கூட்டாட்சிப் பிராந்தியத்தின் பெயரும் இதுவேயாகும். இது [[Wy/ta/ஆர்க்டிக்கு|ஆர்க்டிக்கு]] முதல் மத்திய ஆசியப் பாலைவனங்கள் வரை பரந்து விரிந்துள்ள, பரந்த மற்றும் குறைந்த மக்கள் அடர்த்தி கொண்ட ஒரு பகுதியாகும். |region6name=[[Wy/ta/தெற்கு ஆசியா|தெற்கு ஆசியா]] |region6color=#008153 |region6items=[[Wy/ta/வங்காளதேசம்|வங்காளதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/பூட்டான்|பூட்டான்]], [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியா]], [[Wy/ta/மாலத்தீவுகள்|மாலத்தீவுகள்]], [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாளம்]], [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/இலங்கை|இலங்கை]] |region6description=வடக்கே பிரமிக்க வைக்கும் இமயமலைகள், தெற்கே வெப்பமண்டல ஈரப்பதமிக்க நீர்வழிகள், மற்றும் இவற்றுக்கு இடையே துடிப்பான, பரபரப்பான நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பல பழமையான வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க இடங்கள் எனப் பல்வேறு அம்சங்கள் இங்கு உள்ளன. இங்கு மிகுந்த மதப் பன்முகத்தன்மை காணப்படுகிறது. |region7name=[[Wy/ta/தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா|தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா]] |region7color=#d56d76 |region7items=[[Wy/ta/புரூணை|புரூணை]], [[Wy/ta/கம்போடியா|கம்போடியா]], [[Wy/ta/திமோர்-லெசுதே|திமோர்-லெசுதே]] (கிழக்குத் திமோர்), [[Wy/ta/இந்தோனேசியா|இந்தோனேசியா]], [[Wy/ta/இலாவோசு|இலாவோசு]], [[Wy/ta/மலேசியா|மலேசியா]], [[Wy/ta/மியான்மார்|மியான்மார்]] (பர்மா), [[Wy/ta/பிலிப்பீன்சு|பிலிப்பீன்சு]], [[Wy/ta/சிங்கப்பூர்|சிங்கப்பூர்]], [[Wy/ta/தாய்லாந்து|தாய்லாந்து]], [[Wy/ta/வியட்நாம்|வியட்நாம்]] |region7description=வெப்பமான மற்றும் ஈரப்பதமான காலநிலை, பௌத்த மடாலயங்கள், வெப்பமண்டலக் கடற்கரைகள், பரபரப்பான தெரு வாழ்க்கை மற்றும் ஏராளமான தேவாலயங்கள் மற்றும் மசூதிகள் ஆகியவற்றைக் கொண்ட தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா, முதுகுப்பையில் சுமைகளை ஏந்திப் பயணிக்கும் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளிடையே (backpackers) பிரபலமான அதே சமயம், இரைச்சலான மற்றும் பரபரப்பான நகரங்களிலிருந்து விலகி அமைதியான விடுமுறையைக் கழிக்க ஏற்ற இடங்களையும் வழங்குகிறது. }} ==நகரங்கள்== [[File:Commuting to Work.jpg|thumb|[[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/பெய்சிங்|பெய்சிங்கில்]] உள்ள தியனன்மென் சதுக்கம்]] * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/பேங்காக்|பேங்காக்]]|wikidata=Q1861}} — கோயில்கள், இரவு வாழ்க்கை மற்றும் துடிப்பான சூழல் கொண்ட [[Wy/ta/தாய்லாந்து|தாய்லாந்தின்]] பரபரப்பான, பன்முகத்தன்மை வாய்ந்த தலைநகரம். * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/பெய்சிங்|பெய்சிங்]]|wikidata=Q956}} — தியனன்மென் சதுக்கம், தடைசெய்யப்பட்ட நகரம் மற்றும் பல பண்பாட்டுச் சின்னங்களைக் கொண்ட [[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனாவின்]] தலைநகரம். * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/துபாய்|துபாய்]]|wikidata=Q612}} — நம்பமுடியாத வேகத்தில் வளர்ந்து வரும், [[Wy/ta/ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்|ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகத்தின்]] மிகவும் நவீன மற்றும் முன்னேறிய அமீரகம். * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/ஆங்காங்|ஆங்காங்]]|wikidata=Q8646}} — சீன மற்றும் பிரித்தானிய பண்பாடுகளின் தனித்துவமான கலவையைக் கொண்ட, உண்மையான உலகத்தரம் வாய்ந்த பெருநகரம். * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/எருசலேம்|எருசலேம்]]|wikidata=Q1218}} — யூதர்கள், கிறித்தவர்கள் மற்றும் இசுலாமியர்களுக்குப் புனிதமான இடமாகவும், யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியத் தளமான 'பழைய நகரம்' அமைந்துள்ள இடமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/மும்பை|மும்பை]]|wikidata=Q1156}} — [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] நிதி மையமான இது, இரவு வாழ்க்கை மற்றும் பாலிவுட்டின் தலைநகராக அறியப்படும், பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்ட பரபரப்பான பெருநகரம். * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/சியோல்|சியோல்]]|wikidata=Q8684}} — அழகான அரண்மனைகள், சிறந்த உணவு மற்றும் துடிப்பான இரவு வாழ்க்கை கொண்ட சியோல், ஆசியாவின் பழைய மற்றும் புதிய முகங்களை ஒரே நேரத்தில் அனுபவிக்க ஏற்ற இடமாகும். * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/சிங்கப்பூர்|சிங்கப்பூர்]]|wikidata=Q334}} — சீன, இந்திய, மலாய் மற்றும் பிரித்தானிய தாக்கங்களின் கலவையைக் கொண்ட ஒரு நவீன, வளமான நகர-நாடு. * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/தோக்கியோ|தோக்கியோ]]|wikidata=Q7473516}} — உலகின் மிகப்பெரிய நகரமான இது, எதிர்காலத்திற்கான அதிநவீன தொழில்நுட்பக் காட்சிகளையும் பழமையான [[Wy/ta/சப்பான்|சப்பானின்]] அடையாளங்களையும் ஒருங்கே கொண்ட ஒரு பிரம்மாண்டமான, வளமான மற்றும் வசீகரிக்கும் பெருநகரமாகும். ==பிற சேருமிடங்கள்== முக்கிய நகரங்களைத் தவிர்த்து, இவை மிகப்பெரிய மற்றும் மிகவும் பிரபலமான சில இடங்களாகும். [[File:Tari Rejang desa.jpg|thumb|[[Wy/ta/பாலி|பாலியில்]] ரெசாங்கு நடனம்]] <!--நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பிற இடங்களின் பட்டியல்கள் 9 உருப்படிகளுக்குள் மட்டுப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன. முன்மொழியப்பட்ட மாற்றங்களை முதலில் இந்தப் பக்கத்தின் கலந்துரையாடல் பக்கத்தில் விவாதிக்கவும்.--> * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/அங்கோர் தொல்பொருள் பூங்கா|அங்கோர் தொல்பொருள் பூங்கா]]|lat=13.4333|long=103.8333}} — கெமர் பேரரசின் பல தலைநகரங்களின் பிரம்மாண்டமான எச்சங்கள் * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/பாலி|பாலி]]|wikidata=Q3125978}} — தனித்துவமான இந்துப் பண்பாடு, கடற்கரைகள் மற்றும் மலைகளைக் கொண்ட 'தெய்வங்களின் தீவு' * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/சாக்கடல்|சாக்கடல்]]|wikidata=Q23883}} — அதிக உப்புத்தன்மை கொண்ட இந்த ஏரியில் நீரில் மூழ்காமல் மிதக்கும் அனுபவம் * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/சீனப் பெருஞ்சுவர்|சீனப் பெருஞ்சுவர்]]|wikidata=Q12501}} — பல ஆயிரம் கிலோமீட்டர் நீளம் கொண்டது; இதன் நிலை மிகச் சிறந்த நிலை முதல் சிதிலமடைந்த நிலை வரை உள்ளது * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/பைக்கால் ஏரி|பைக்கால் ஏரி]]|wikidata=Q5513}} — உலகின் மிகப்பெரிய மற்றும் ஆழமான நன்னீர் ஏரி. இது உலகின் நன்னீர் இருப்பில் ஐந்தில் ஒரு பங்கிற்கும் மேலானதைக் கொண்டுள்ளது * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/எவரெசுட்டு சிகரம்|எவரெசுட்டு சிகரம்]]|wikidata=Q513}} — [[Wy/ta/திபெத்து|திபெத்து]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாள]] எல்லைக்கு இடையே அமைந்துள்ள உலகின் மிக உயரமான மலை * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/பெட்ரா|பெட்ரா]]|wikidata=Q5788}} — மணற்கல்லில் செதுக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு பழங்கால நகரம் மற்றும் உலகின் புதிய ஏழு அதிசயங்களில் ஒன்று * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/ரெசிகுத்தான்|ரெசிகுத்தான்]]|wikidata=Q5753}} — [[Wy/ta/பட்டுப் பாதை|பட்டுப் பாதையில்]] அமைந்த முக்கிய வணிக நகரமான சமர்கண்டின் ஈர்க்கக்கூடிய வரலாற்று மையம் * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/தாஜ் மகால்|தாஜ் மகால்]]|wikidata=Q9141}} — ஆக்ராவில் உள்ள இணையற்ற சலவைக்கல் கல்லறை <!--நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பிற இடங்களின் பட்டியல்கள் 9 உருப்படிகளுக்குள் மட்டுப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன. முன்மொழியப்பட்ட மாற்றங்களை முதலில் இந்தப் பக்கத்தின் கலந்துரையாடல் பக்கத்தில் விவாதிக்கவும்.--> மேலும் காண்க: [[Wy/ta/யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரிய பட்டியல்#ஆசியா|யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரிய பட்டியல்#ஆசியா]]. == புரிந்து கொள்ளுங்கள் == ஆசியா பதினொரு முக்கிய மதங்கள் மற்றும் ஆன்மீக நெறிகளின் பிறப்பிடமாகும். அவை முறையே இந்து மதம், பௌத்தம், இசுலாம், கிறிசுதவம், யூத மதம், சொராசுட்டிரிய மதம், சீக்கிய மதம், சின்டோ மதம், தாவோ மதம், சமண மதம் மற்றும் பகாய் சமயம் ஆகியனவாகும். இவை தவிர எண்ணற்ற பழங்குடி வழிபாட்டு முறைகளும் இங்கு உள்ளன. மேற்கு உலகிலிருந்து வேறுபடுத்திக் காட்டுவதற்காகப் பெரும்பாலும் கிழக்கு என்று அழைக்கப்படும் இக்கண்டம், உலகின் மிக வேகமாக வளர்ந்து வரும் நகரங்கள், பல்வேறு வகையான தனித்துவமான உணவு வகைகள், உலகின் மிக உயர்ந்த மலைத்தொடர்கள் மற்றும் உலகின் மிகத் தொன்மையான பண்பாடுகள் ஆகியவற்றின் தாயகமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. ===புவியியல்=== === வரலாறு === == பேச்சுமொழி == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == === பயணவிவர ஏடுகள் === == செய்யுங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Continent articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q48}} e9f8c2nihpigxcv7vamg9sah6hwwrfd 7374231 7374230 2026-10-25T13:16:11Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7374231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Asia banner Rice terraces.jpg|pgname=ஆசியா|caption=பிலிப்பைன்சு நாட்டின் அடுக்கு நெல்வயல்}} '''ஆசியா''' என்பது உலகின் ஏழு கண்டங்களுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது நிலப்பரப்பு மற்றும் மக்கள் தொகை அடிப்படையில் உலகின் மிகப்பெரிய கண்டமான ஆசியா, 460 கோடி மக்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளது; இது உலக மக்கள் தொகையில் பாதிக்கும் மேலாகும். இந்தப் கண்டம் மிகவும் பரந்ததும் பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்டதுமாகும். எனவே, இதனை எளிதில் உள்வாங்கிக்கொள்ளக்கூடிய ஒரேயொரு பயணத் தலமாக மட்டும் கருதிவிட முடியாது. மத்திய கிழக்கின் பாலைவனச் சிதைவுகள் மற்றும் நவீனப் பிரம்மாண்ட வணிக வளாகங்கள் முதல், தெற்காசியாவின் பிரம்மாண்டமான பழங்காலச் சின்னங்கள் மற்றும் மலைத்தொடர்கள் வரையிலும்; தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியாவின் கடற்கரை இல்லங்கள் மற்றும் காட்டுப் பயணங்கள் முதல், கிழக்காசியாவின் பெருநகரங்கள் மற்றும் தொழில்நுட்ப மையங்கள் வரையிலும் பயணத்திற்கான வாய்ப்புகள் மிகவும் விரிவானவை. [[File:TajMahal.jpg|279x279px|thumb|[[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] ஆக்ராவில் உள்ள தாஜ் மகால்]] சுற்றுலா மற்றும் வணிகம் என இரு நோக்கங்களுக்காகவும் ஆசியாவுக்கு ஏராளமான பயணிகள் வருகை தருகின்றனர். பல்வேறு வெளியீடுகள் வெவ்வேறு புள்ளிவிவரங்களை வழங்கினாலும், காலப்போக்கில் அவற்றில் மாற்றங்கள் ஏற்பட்டாலும், உலகின் அதிகம் பார்வையிடப்படும் நகரங்களில் பல ஆசியாவிலேயே அமைந்துள்ளன என்பதை அனைவரும் ஒப்புக்கொள்கின்றனர். [https://www.en-vols.com/en/getaways/travel/most-visited-cities-2025/ ஒரு ஆய்வின்படி], 2025-ஆம் ஆண்டிற்கான முதல் பத்து நகரங்களில் எட்டு நகரங்கள் ஆசியாவில் உள்ளன. அந்தப் பட்டியலில் இடம்பெற்ற நகரங்களின் வரிசை பின்வருமாறு: [[Wy/ta/பேங்காக்|பேங்காக்]], [[Wy/ta/ஆங்காங்|ஆங்காங்]], [[Wy/ta/இலண்டன்|இலண்டன்]], [[Wy/ta/மக்காவு|மக்காவு]] (முக்கியமாக சூதாட்டத்திற்காக), [[Wy/ta/இசுதான்புல்|இசுதான்புல்]], [[Wy/ta/துபாய்|துபாய்]], [[Wy/ta/மெக்கா|மெக்கா]] (முக்கியமாக ஹஜ் யாத்திரைக்காக), [[Wy/ta/ஆந்தாலியா|ஆந்தாலியா]] (துருக்கிய கடற்கரைகள்), [[Wy/ta/பாரிசு|பாரிசு]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/கோலாலம்பூர்|கோலாலம்பூர்]]. இதில் பத்தாவது இடத்தைப் பிடித்த கோலாலம்பூருக்குக் கூட அந்த ஆண்டில் 17 மில்லியனுக்கும் அதிகமான பயணிகள் வருகை தந்திருந்தனர். ஆசியா அனைத்து வகையான பயணிகளுக்கும் — அவர்கள் புதியவராகவோ அல்லது அனுபவம் வாய்ந்த பயணிகளாகவோ இருந்தாலும் — சுவாரஸ்யமான இடங்களை வழங்குகிறது. [[Wy/ta/சப்பான்|சப்பான்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சிங்கப்பூர்|சிங்கப்பூர்]], [[Wy/ta/ஆங்காங்|ஆங்காங்]], [[Wy/ta/தைவான்|தைவான்]], [[Wy/ta/தென் கொரியா|தென் கொரியா]] போன்ற கிழக்கு ஆசியப் புலிகள் என்று அழைக்கப்படும் நவீன மற்றும் செழிப்பான நாடுகள் இதில் அடங்கும்; இந்நாடுகளில் மக்கள் மிக உயர்ந்த வாழ்க்கைத்தரத்தை அனுபவிக்கின்றனர். [[Wy/ta/கம்போடியா|கம்போடியா]], [[Wy/ta/ஆப்கானித்தான்|ஆப்கானித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/லாவோசு|லாவோசு]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/திமோர்-லெசுடே|திமோர்-லெசுடே]] போன்ற குறிப்பிடத்தக்க அளவில் ஊட்டச்சத்துக் குறைபாடுள்ள ஏழை ஆசிய நாடுகளும் உள்ளன. [[Wy/ta/தாய்லாந்து|தாய்லாந்து]], [[Wy/ta/வியட்நாம்|வியட்நாம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/இந்தோனேசியா|இந்தோனேசியா]] உள்ளிட்ட சில நாடுகள், குறைந்த செலவில் பயணம் செய்பவர்களுக்கான [[Wy/ta/வாழைப்பழ கற்காரைவட்டு நடைப்பயணம்|வாழைப்பழ கற்காரைவட்டு நடைப்பயண]] பாதையில் நன்கு அறியப்பட்ட இடங்களாகத் திகழ்கின்றன. [[Wy/ta/பூட்டான்|பூட்டான்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/மாலத்தீவுகள்|மாலத்தீவுகள்]] போன்ற நாடுகள், குறிப்பிட்ட சில பகுதிகளுக்கு அல்லது குறிப்பிட்ட வகையான சுற்றுலா நடவடிக்கைகளுக்கு மட்டுமே அனுமதி அளித்து, அதில் கடுமையான கட்டுப்பாடுகளை விதிக்கின்றன. உலகின் மிகவும் தனிமைப்படுத்தப்பட்ட மற்றும் அடக்குமுறை மிகுந்த நாடுகளாகத் திகழும் [[Wy/ta/வட கொரியா|வட கொரியா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/துர்க்மெனிஸ்தான்|துர்க்மெனிஸ்தான்]] ஆகியவை இதை இன்னும் ஒரு படி மேலே கொண்டு சென்று, தங்கள் "மகாத் தலைவர்களை" மையமாகக் கொண்ட, தொடர்ந்து கண்காணிக்கப்படும் குழுச் சுற்றுலாக்களை மட்டுமே அனுமதிக்கின்றன. நிச்சயமாக, இவற்றுக்கு இடைப்பட்ட நிலையில் உள்ள பல நாடுகளும் உள்ளன. வளர்ந்து வரும் வல்லரசுகளான [[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனாவையும்]] [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவையும்]] இவ்வகையில் குறிப்பிடலாம். நீண்ட வரலாறு, பண்பாட்டுப் பாரம்பரியம் மற்றும் பன்முகத்தன்மை ஆகியவற்றைக் கொண்ட இந்த மிகப்பெரிய, அதிக மக்கள் தொகை கொண்ட நாடுகள், சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்குச் சிறந்த இடங்களாகத் திகழ்கின்றன. == பிராந்தியங்கள் == {{Wy/ta/Worldimagemap/Asiaimagemap}} {{Wy/ta/Regionlist |region1name=[[Wy/ta/காக்கேசியா|காக்கேசியா]] |region1color=#bf82d8 |region1items=[[Wy/ta/அப்காசியா|அப்காசியா]], [[Wy/ta/ஆர்மீனியா|ஆர்மீனியா]], [[Wy/ta/அசர்பைசான்|அசர்பைசான்]], [[Wy/ta/சியார்சியா|சியார்சியா]], [[Wy/ta/தெற்கு ஒசேத்தியா|தெற்கு ஒசேத்தியா]] |region1description=காக்கேசியா என்பது ஐரோப்பாவையும் மத்திய கிழக்கையும் இணைக்கும் ஒரு மலைத்தொடராகும். இது பண்டைய காலத்திலிருந்தே தொடரும் ஒரு உயிருள்ள பாரம்பரியத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. |region2name=[[Wy/ta/மத்திய ஆசியா|மத்திய ஆசியா]] |region2color=#43aad2 |region2items=[[Wy/ta/ஆப்கானித்தான்|ஆப்கானித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/கசகசுத்தான்|கசகசுத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/கிருகிசுத்தான்|கிருகிசுத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/தசிகிசுத்தான்|தசிகிசுத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/துருக்குமெனிசுத்தான்|துருக்குமெனிசுத்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/உசுபெக்கிசுத்தான்|உசுபெக்கிசுத்தான்]] |region2description=[[Wy/ta/பட்டுப் பாதை|பட்டுப் பாதையின்]] மையப்பகுதியாகத் திகழும் இநாடுகள், பாலைவனங்கள் முதல் மலைகள் வரையிலான கண்கவர் நிலப்பரப்புகளையும், [[Wy/ta/மார்கோ போலோ|மார்கோ போலோவின்]] அடிச்சுவடுகளைப் பின்பற்றும் வகையிலான உண்மையான சாகச அனுபவத்தையும் வழங்குகின்றன. அத்துடன் இங்குப் பல பழமையான மசூதிகளையும் சோவியத் காலக் கட்டிடக்கலை பாணியிலான கட்டிடங்களையும் காண முடியும். |region3name=[[Wy/ta/கிழக்கு ஆசியா|கிழக்கு ஆசியா]] |region3color=#d5b66b |region3items=[[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனா]], [[Wy/ta/ஆங்காங்|ஆங்காங்]], [[Wy/ta/சப்பான்|சப்பான்]], [[Wy/ta/மக்காவு|மக்காவு]], [[Wy/ta/மங்கோலியா|மங்கோலியா]], [[Wy/ta/வட கொரியா|வட கொரியா]], [[Wy/ta/தென் கொரியா|தென் கொரியா]], [[Wy/ta/தைவான்|தைவான்]] |region3description=பழமைக்கும் புதுமைக்கும் இடையிலான ஒரு கச்சிதமான முரண்பாடு இங்கே காணப்படுகிறது; தொழில்நுட்ப வளர்ச்சியில் முன்னணியில் திகழும் பிரம்மாண்டமான பெருநகரங்கள், இன்றும் அன்றாட வாழ்வில் நீடிக்கும் பண்டைய பண்பாடுகள் மற்றும் தத்துவங்களின் அடையாளங்களான நன்கு பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட கோயில்கள் மற்றும் வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க இடங்களுடன் இணைந்துள்ளன. அதேவேளையில், சீனாவின் கிராமப்புறங்கள் மற்றும் மங்கோலியாவின் பரந்த திறந்தவெளி சமவெளிகள் முற்றிலும் மாறுபட்டதொரு அனுபவத்தை அளிக்கின்றன. |region4name=[[Wy/ta/மத்தியக் கிழக்கு|மத்தியக் கிழக்கு]] |region4color=#814800 |region4items=[[Wy/ta/பகுரைன்|பகுரைன்]], [[Wy/ta/ஈரான்|ஈரான்]], [[Wy/ta/ஈராக்கு|ஈராக்கு]], [[Wy/ta/இசுரேல்|இசுரேல்]], [[Wy/ta/யோர்தான்|யோர்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/குவைத்து|குவைத்து]], [[Wy/ta/லெபனான்|லெபனான்]], [[Wy/ta/ஓமன்|ஓமன்]], [[Wy/ta/பாலத்தீனப் பகுதிகள்|பாலத்தீனப் பகுதிகள்]], [[Wy/ta/கத்தார்|கத்தார்]], [[Wy/ta/சவூதி அரேபியா|சவூதி அரேபியா]], [[Wy/ta/சிரியா|சிரியா]], [[Wy/ta/துருக்கி|துருக்கி]], [[Wy/ta/ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்|ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்]], [[Wy/ta/ஏமன்|ஏமன்]] |region4description=உலகின் மிகத் தொன்மையான நாகரிகங்களில் ஒன்றின் தாயகமாகவும், ஆபிரகாமிய மதங்கள் (யூத, கிறிஸ்தவ மற்றும் இஸ்லாமிய மதங்கள்) தோன்றிய இடமாகவும் இது திகழ்கிறது; தற்போது வளர்ந்து வரும் மேம்பாடு மற்றும் செழுமையான பாரம்பரியத்துடன், உலகின் மிக வேகமாக வளர்ந்து வரும் பிராந்தியங்களில் ஒன்றாகவும் இது விளங்குகிறது. |region5name=[[Wy/ta/உருசியா|உருசியா]] |region5color=#c0599e |region5items=[[Wy/ta/உரால் மலைகள்|உரால் மலைகள்]], [[Wy/ta/சைபீரியா|சைபீரியா]], [[Wy/ta/உருசியத் தொலைக் கிழக்கு|உருசியத் தொலைக் கிழக்கு]] |region5description=வடக்கு ஆசியா உருசியாவிற்குச் சொந்தமானது. ஆசிய உருசியா பாரம்பரியமாக 'சைபீரியா' என்று அழைக்கப்பட்டாலும், இப்பகுதியின் உட்பகுதியை உள்ளடக்கிய ஒரு கூட்டாட்சிப் பிராந்தியத்தின் பெயரும் இதுவேயாகும். இது [[Wy/ta/ஆர்க்டிக்கு|ஆர்க்டிக்கு]] முதல் மத்திய ஆசியப் பாலைவனங்கள் வரை பரந்து விரிந்துள்ள, பரந்த மற்றும் குறைந்த மக்கள் அடர்த்தி கொண்ட ஒரு பகுதியாகும். |region6name=[[Wy/ta/தெற்கு ஆசியா|தெற்கு ஆசியா]] |region6color=#008153 |region6items=[[Wy/ta/வங்காளதேசம்|வங்காளதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/பூட்டான்|பூட்டான்]], [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியா]], [[Wy/ta/மாலத்தீவுகள்|மாலத்தீவுகள்]], [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாளம்]], [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தான்]], [[Wy/ta/இலங்கை|இலங்கை]] |region6description=வடக்கே பிரமிக்க வைக்கும் இமயமலைகள், தெற்கே வெப்பமண்டல ஈரப்பதமிக்க நீர்வழிகள், மற்றும் இவற்றுக்கு இடையே துடிப்பான, பரபரப்பான நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பல பழமையான வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க இடங்கள் எனப் பல்வேறு அம்சங்கள் இங்கு உள்ளன. இங்கு மிகுந்த மதப் பன்முகத்தன்மை காணப்படுகிறது. |region7name=[[Wy/ta/தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா|தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா]] |region7color=#d56d76 |region7items=[[Wy/ta/புரூணை|புரூணை]], [[Wy/ta/கம்போடியா|கம்போடியா]], [[Wy/ta/திமோர்-லெசுதே|திமோர்-லெசுதே]] (கிழக்குத் திமோர்), [[Wy/ta/இந்தோனேசியா|இந்தோனேசியா]], [[Wy/ta/இலாவோசு|இலாவோசு]], [[Wy/ta/மலேசியா|மலேசியா]], [[Wy/ta/மியான்மார்|மியான்மார்]] (பர்மா), [[Wy/ta/பிலிப்பீன்சு|பிலிப்பீன்சு]], [[Wy/ta/சிங்கப்பூர்|சிங்கப்பூர்]], [[Wy/ta/தாய்லாந்து|தாய்லாந்து]], [[Wy/ta/வியட்நாம்|வியட்நாம்]] |region7description=வெப்பமான மற்றும் ஈரப்பதமான காலநிலை, பௌத்த மடாலயங்கள், வெப்பமண்டலக் கடற்கரைகள், பரபரப்பான தெரு வாழ்க்கை மற்றும் ஏராளமான தேவாலயங்கள் மற்றும் மசூதிகள் ஆகியவற்றைக் கொண்ட தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா, முதுகுப்பையில் சுமைகளை ஏந்திப் பயணிக்கும் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளிடையே (backpackers) பிரபலமான அதே சமயம், இரைச்சலான மற்றும் பரபரப்பான நகரங்களிலிருந்து விலகி அமைதியான விடுமுறையைக் கழிக்க ஏற்ற இடங்களையும் வழங்குகிறது. }} ==நகரங்கள்== [[File:Commuting to Work.jpg|thumb|[[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/பெய்சிங்|பெய்சிங்கில்]] உள்ள தியனன்மென் சதுக்கம்]] * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/பேங்காக்|பேங்காக்]]|wikidata=Q1861}} — கோயில்கள், இரவு வாழ்க்கை மற்றும் துடிப்பான சூழல் கொண்ட [[Wy/ta/தாய்லாந்து|தாய்லாந்தின்]] பரபரப்பான, பன்முகத்தன்மை வாய்ந்த தலைநகரம். * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/பெய்சிங்|பெய்சிங்]]|wikidata=Q956}} — தியனன்மென் சதுக்கம், தடைசெய்யப்பட்ட நகரம் மற்றும் பல பண்பாட்டுச் சின்னங்களைக் கொண்ட [[Wy/ta/சீனா|சீனாவின்]] தலைநகரம். * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/துபாய்|துபாய்]]|wikidata=Q612}} — நம்பமுடியாத வேகத்தில் வளர்ந்து வரும், [[Wy/ta/ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்|ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகத்தின்]] மிகவும் நவீன மற்றும் முன்னேறிய அமீரகம். * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/ஆங்காங்|ஆங்காங்]]|wikidata=Q8646}} — சீன மற்றும் பிரித்தானிய பண்பாடுகளின் தனித்துவமான கலவையைக் கொண்ட, உண்மையான உலகத்தரம் வாய்ந்த பெருநகரம். * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/எருசலேம்|எருசலேம்]]|wikidata=Q1218}} — யூதர்கள், கிறித்தவர்கள் மற்றும் இசுலாமியர்களுக்குப் புனிதமான இடமாகவும், யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியத் தளமான 'பழைய நகரம்' அமைந்துள்ள இடமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/மும்பை|மும்பை]]|wikidata=Q1156}} — [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] நிதி மையமான இது, இரவு வாழ்க்கை மற்றும் பாலிவுட்டின் தலைநகராக அறியப்படும், பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்ட பரபரப்பான பெருநகரம். * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/சியோல்|சியோல்]]|wikidata=Q8684}} — அழகான அரண்மனைகள், சிறந்த உணவு மற்றும் துடிப்பான இரவு வாழ்க்கை கொண்ட சியோல், ஆசியாவின் பழைய மற்றும் புதிய முகங்களை ஒரே நேரத்தில் அனுபவிக்க ஏற்ற இடமாகும். * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/சிங்கப்பூர்|சிங்கப்பூர்]]|wikidata=Q334}} — சீன, இந்திய, மலாய் மற்றும் பிரித்தானிய தாக்கங்களின் கலவையைக் கொண்ட ஒரு நவீன, வளமான நகர-நாடு. * {{Wy/ta/Marker|type=city|name=[[Wy/ta/தோக்கியோ|தோக்கியோ]]|wikidata=Q7473516}} — உலகின் மிகப்பெரிய நகரமான இது, எதிர்காலத்திற்கான அதிநவீன தொழில்நுட்பக் காட்சிகளையும் பழமையான [[Wy/ta/சப்பான்|சப்பானின்]] அடையாளங்களையும் ஒருங்கே கொண்ட ஒரு பிரம்மாண்டமான, வளமான மற்றும் வசீகரிக்கும் பெருநகரமாகும். ==பிற சேருமிடங்கள்== முக்கிய நகரங்களைத் தவிர்த்து, இவை மிகப்பெரிய மற்றும் மிகவும் பிரபலமான சில இடங்களாகும். [[File:Tari Rejang desa.jpg|thumb|[[Wy/ta/பாலி|பாலியில்]] ரெசாங்கு நடனம்]] <!--நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பிற இடங்களின் பட்டியல்கள் 9 உருப்படிகளுக்குள் மட்டுப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன. முன்மொழியப்பட்ட மாற்றங்களை முதலில் இந்தப் பக்கத்தின் கலந்துரையாடல் பக்கத்தில் விவாதிக்கவும்.--> * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/அங்கோர் தொல்பொருள் பூங்கா|அங்கோர் தொல்பொருள் பூங்கா]]|lat=13.4333|long=103.8333}} — கெமர் பேரரசின் பல தலைநகரங்களின் பிரம்மாண்டமான எச்சங்கள் * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/பாலி|பாலி]]|wikidata=Q3125978}} — தனித்துவமான இந்துப் பண்பாடு, கடற்கரைகள் மற்றும் மலைகளைக் கொண்ட 'தெய்வங்களின் தீவு' * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/சாக்கடல்|சாக்கடல்]]|wikidata=Q23883}} — அதிக உப்புத்தன்மை கொண்ட இந்த ஏரியில் நீரில் மூழ்காமல் மிதக்கும் அனுபவம் * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/சீனப் பெருஞ்சுவர்|சீனப் பெருஞ்சுவர்]]|wikidata=Q12501}} — பல ஆயிரம் கிலோமீட்டர் நீளம் கொண்டது; இதன் நிலை மிகச் சிறந்த நிலை முதல் சிதிலமடைந்த நிலை வரை உள்ளது * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/பைக்கால் ஏரி|பைக்கால் ஏரி]]|wikidata=Q5513}} — உலகின் மிகப்பெரிய மற்றும் ஆழமான நன்னீர் ஏரி. இது உலகின் நன்னீர் இருப்பில் ஐந்தில் ஒரு பங்கிற்கும் மேலானதைக் கொண்டுள்ளது * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/எவரெசுட்டு சிகரம்|எவரெசுட்டு சிகரம்]]|wikidata=Q513}} — [[Wy/ta/திபெத்து|திபெத்து]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாள]] எல்லைக்கு இடையே அமைந்துள்ள உலகின் மிக உயரமான மலை * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/பெட்ரா|பெட்ரா]]|wikidata=Q5788}} — மணற்கல்லில் செதுக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு பழங்கால நகரம் மற்றும் உலகின் புதிய ஏழு அதிசயங்களில் ஒன்று * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/ரெசிகுத்தான்|ரெசிகுத்தான்]]|wikidata=Q5753}} — [[Wy/ta/பட்டுப் பாதை|பட்டுப் பாதையில்]] அமைந்த முக்கிய வணிக நகரமான சமர்கண்டின் ஈர்க்கக்கூடிய வரலாற்று மையம் * {{Wy/ta/Marker|name=[[Wy/ta/தாஜ் மகால்|தாஜ் மகால்]]|wikidata=Q9141}} — ஆக்ராவில் உள்ள இணையற்ற சலவைக்கல் கல்லறை <!--நகரங்கள் மற்றும் பிற இடங்களின் பட்டியல்கள் 9 உருப்படிகளுக்குள் மட்டுப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளன. முன்மொழியப்பட்ட மாற்றங்களை முதலில் இந்தப் பக்கத்தின் கலந்துரையாடல் பக்கத்தில் விவாதிக்கவும்.--> மேலும் காண்க: [[Wy/ta/யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரிய பட்டியல்#ஆசியா|யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரிய பட்டியல்#ஆசியா]]. == புரிந்து கொள்ளுங்கள் == ஆசியா பதினொரு முக்கிய மதங்கள் மற்றும் ஆன்மீக நெறிகளின் பிறப்பிடமாகும். அவை முறையே இந்து மதம், பௌத்தம், இசுலாம், கிறிசுதவம், யூத மதம், சொராசுட்டிரிய மதம், சீக்கிய மதம், சின்டோ மதம், தாவோ மதம், சமண மதம் மற்றும் பகாய் சமயம் ஆகியனவாகும். இவை தவிர எண்ணற்ற பழங்குடி வழிபாட்டு முறைகளும் இங்கு உள்ளன. மேற்கு உலகிலிருந்து வேறுபடுத்திக் காட்டுவதற்காகப் பெரும்பாலும் கிழக்கு என்று அழைக்கப்படும் இக்கண்டம், உலகின் மிக வேகமாக வளர்ந்து வரும் நகரங்கள், பல்வேறு வகையான தனித்துவமான உணவு வகைகள், உலகின் மிக உயர்ந்த மலைத்தொடர்கள் மற்றும் உலகின் மிகத் தொன்மையான பண்பாடுகள் ஆகியவற்றின் தாயகமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. ===புவியியல்=== === வரலாறு === == பேச்சுமொழி == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == === பயணவிவர ஏடுகள் === == செய்யுங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Continent articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q48}} a4popiryv8avmwlnd0wyt0xcgtbnwz1 0 1066375 7374776 6011805 2026-10-26T09:26:32Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 7374776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:26, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] 8l9cflrlq7sorbrkx5mg0nysnuy547k 0 1170468 7374760 3889052 2026-10-26T09:15:37Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 Replaced content with "{{delete|NOT IN THE TOPIC. ~~~~}} [[Category:Wy/ar]]" 7374760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|NOT IN THE TOPIC. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:15, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] lz9aw2dqvti5bszr16qv9azdfta1jrl 7374769 7374760 2026-10-26T09:21:27Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 7374769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:21, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] p0ygvjuq4keg1ggzc9r9atsbnd9xh2c 0 1170478 7374571 7372319 2026-10-26T03:00:02Z Syunsyunminmin 2576388 -sd: please provide [[Incubator:Deletion policy|valid reason]] 7374571 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Roman Theatre, Amman, Jordan.jpg|thumb|180px|المدرج الروماني في عمّان مُضاءاً بالشموع. تظهر بالخلفية [[Wy/ar/جبل القلعة (عمّان)|قلعة عمّان]].]] المدرج الروماني في [[Wy/ar/عمّان|عمّان]] أحد أكبر المدرجات الرومانية في الشرق الأوسط. يقع في الجزء الشرقي من العاصمة الأردنية عمّان بالتحديد على سفح جبل الجوفة على أحد التلال المقابلة لقلعة عمان. تشير كتابة يونانية موجودة على إحدى منصات الأعمدة إلى أن هذا المدرج قد بُني إكراماً للامبراطور مادريانوس الذي زار عمان سنة 130م. تقع إلى جانب المدرج ساحة الفورم وتبلغ مساحتهما معا ما مجموعه 7,600 متر2 ويعود تاريخ بنائها على الأرجح إلى القرن الثاني الميلادي وتحديدا بين عامي 138م و161م إبان عهد القيصر أنطونيوس بيوس. استعمل المدرج الروماني للعروض المسرحية والغنائية. بسبب جودة نظام الصوت فيه، يستعمل لغاية اليوم أحيانا للعروض الفنية. يتسع المسرح 6,000 متفرج، يعد بذلك أكبر من المسرح الجنوبي في جرش، الذي يتسع إلى 4,000 - 5,000 متفرج. == الوصول == === بالباص === === بالسيارة === == الأنشطة == [[Category:Wy/ar]] 5cx468n7zs64jci7rwd84ly6fw7z80d 7374767 7374571 2026-10-26T09:20:14Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 7374767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:20, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[File:Roman Theatre, Amman, Jordan.jpg|thumb|180px|المدرج الروماني في عمّان مُضاءاً بالشموع. تظهر بالخلفية [[Wy/ar/جبل القلعة (عمّان)|قلعة عمّان]].]] المدرج الروماني في [[Wy/ar/عمّان|عمّان]] أحد أكبر المدرجات الرومانية في الشرق الأوسط. يقع في الجزء الشرقي من العاصمة الأردنية عمّان بالتحديد على سفح جبل الجوفة على أحد التلال المقابلة لقلعة عمان. تشير كتابة يونانية موجودة على إحدى منصات الأعمدة إلى أن هذا المدرج قد بُني إكراماً للامبراطور مادريانوس الذي زار عمان سنة 130م. تقع إلى جانب المدرج ساحة الفورم وتبلغ مساحتهما معا ما مجموعه 7,600 متر2 ويعود تاريخ بنائها على الأرجح إلى القرن الثاني الميلادي وتحديدا بين عامي 138م و161م إبان عهد القيصر أنطونيوس بيوس. استعمل المدرج الروماني للعروض المسرحية والغنائية. بسبب جودة نظام الصوت فيه، يستعمل لغاية اليوم أحيانا للعروض الفنية. يتسع المسرح 6,000 متفرج، يعد بذلك أكبر من المسرح الجنوبي في جرش، الذي يتسع إلى 4,000 - 5,000 متفرج. == الوصول == === بالباص === === بالسيارة === == الأنشطة == [[Category:Wy/ar]] dq70sri49vjc0dmgjer67tq9h3wfmyf 0 1382064 7374218 7315731 2026-10-25T12:53:44Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374218 wikitext text/x-wiki '''நாகர்கோயில்''' என்பது தமிழ்நாட்டில் உள்ள கன்னியாகுமரி மாவட்டத்தின் தலைநகரமாகும். கன்னியாகுமரி நகரம், இங்கிருந்து சுமார் 20 கி.மீ. தூரத்திலுள்ள ஒரு முக்கிய சுற்றுலாத் தலமாகும். ==பார்க்க== *'''[[Wy/ta/கன்னியாகுமரி|கன்னியாகுமரி]] *'''சுசீந்திரம்''' *'''மாத்தூர் தொட்டிப் பாலம்''' ==அருகில் இருப்பவை== [[Wy/ta/திருவனந்தபுரம்|திருவனந்தபுரம்]] {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு}} [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q847606}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} fz7wtqov9e2owz23g61mudngf9pt1kx 0 1440501 7374345 7374102 2026-10-25T18:36:37Z ~2026-56905-08 2719960 7374345 wikitext text/x-wiki <div id="mp_header" class="mp_outerbox" style="border:1px solid #a7d7f9; margin: 0 0 0.5em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em; font-size: small; -moz-border-radius: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:10px;"> <!-- ---------- BEGINNING OF HEADER SECTION --------------------------- --> {| width="100%" | <div style="float: left; width: 0em; height: 0em; margin: -0.5em 0em 0em -2.5em; overflow: visiable;">[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-200px-transparent.png|225px|link=|Википедияның логотипы]]</div> |- | style="width:50%; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap;" | <div style="font-size:162%; border:0; margin:0; padding:.1em:">Ҡуш килтегес! </center></span></div> <div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:102%;text-transform:uppercase;"> '''Себер Википедия!''' </div> <div id="articlecount" style="font-size:108%;"> <big> Ҡәсер '''{{Wp/sty/NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'''</big> </b></span> мәҡәлә пар.</div> <div> <inputbox> type=create width=40 preload=Template:Standard content for new page editintro=Template:Instructions prefix=Wp/sty/ buttonlabel=Йаңа мәҡәләне йасҡалы </inputbox> </div> |style="width:100%; font-size:95%; color:#000; text-align:left;"| {|style="width:100%; background:transparent; white-space:nowrap;" | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Биография|Биография]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Тариҡ|Тариҡ]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Биология|Биология]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Пелем|Пелем]] <br /> <!-- [[Портал:Ғылым|Ғылым]]--> | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Технология|Технология]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Инженерия|Инженерия]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Музыка|Музыка]] <br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/География|География]]<br /> <!-- [[Портал:Религия|Религия]]<br /> --> | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | <!-- [[Портал:Ғылым|Ғылым]]<br /> --> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Математика|Математика]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Йәмәғәт|Йәмәғәт]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Геометрия|Геометрия]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Мәтәнийәт|Мәтәнийәт]]<br /> | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Сәйәсәт|Сәйәсәт]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Ижат|Ижат]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Иҡтисәт|Иҡтисәт]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Әтәбийәт|Әтәбийәт]]<br /> | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | <br> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Сәңәт|Сәңәт]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Тин|Тин]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Спорт|Спорт]]<br /> |} |} </div> {| style="border-spacing:8px;margin:0px -8px" |class="MainPageBG" style="width: 55%; border: 1px solid #cedff2; background-color:#FFFAF0; vertical-align: top;" | {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#FFFAF0; -moz-border-radius:10px <!-------------------------------- 2.1 Сайланҡан мәҡәлә ----------------------------------> ! style="background-color: #cedff2; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #B1CDEB; text-align: left; padding-left: 7px; -moz-border-radius:10px" | <div style="float:right;">[[File:Wbar_blue.jpg|link=]]</div><div style="float:left;">[[File:Crystal_Clear_bordered_yellow_star.svg|25px|link=|Избранная статья]] [[Wp/sty/Wikipedia:Сайланҡан мәҡәлә|<span style="color: #000000;">Сайланҡан мәҡәлә</span>]]</div> |- | style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 90%" | <div id="mf-galicia" title="Сайланҡан мәҡәлә"></div> |- | style="font-size:92%; background:#FFFAF0; border:2px solid #cedff2; border-top:1" |[[File:Frühling blühender Kirschenbaum.jpg|right|thumb|220px|]] ([[Wp/sty/Әмәл пайрам|Пөтөнләй…]])</div> |- <!-------------------------------- 2.2 Йаҡшы мәҡәлә ----------------------------------> ! style="background-color: #ffe496; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #ffb466; text-align: left; padding-left: 7px; -moz-border-radius:10px" | <div style="float:right;">[[File:Wikibar2.png|link=]]</div><div style="float:left;">[[File:HSBra.svg|22px|link=|Йаҡшы мәҡәлә]] [[Wp/sty/Wikipedia:Хорошая статья| <span style="color: #000000;">Йаҡшы мәҡәлә</span>]]</div> |- | style="; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 90%" | <div id="mf-destacado" title="Йаҡшы мәҡәлә">[[File:Stipula_fountain_pen.jpg|right|thumb|220px|]] Себер татарларның йасма әтәбийәте үс пашланҡыцын ҡалыҡ ижатыннан алаты. Ҡалыҡ телтә саҡланҡан риүәйәтләр, йомаҡлар, пәйетләр, йырлар, лағап-әйтемнәр себер татарларның тариғын, йолаларын, йәшәү тәртибен саҡлап ҡалғаннар. 1859 – 1871 йылларта пилгеле алим В.В. Радловның ун томлыҡ тупламасы пасылып цығаты. IV томы себер татарларныңҡы фольклорыннан тораты. Радловныңҡы пы китабынта ҡалыҡ ижатының 119 исәпле әсәре йыйылған. Радлов «Итегәй» тастанның йерле үсенцәлекләрен күргәскән вариантны та йасып-төсөп ҡалтыраты. Тастаннарның кәне пестә – себер татарларның арабыста - саҡланып ҡалған, пестән – себер татарлартан йасылып алынҡан. «Итегәй», «Атаҡлы ҡыс Туҡпигә», <br> ([[Wp/sty/Себертатар әтәбийәт|Пөтөннәй…]])</div> |- |} <!-------------------------------- 4. Columna da dereita ----------------------------------> |class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #cedff2; background-color:#FFFAF0; vertical-align:top;"| <div style="margin: 4px 4px 2px 4px; text-align: left;"> {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="3" style="vertical-align: top; background-color:#FFFAF0; -moz-border-radius:10px;" |- <!-------------------------------- 4.1 Сес пелгән итегес мә? ----------------------------------> ! style="background-color: #DCF4CC; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #9EE072; text-align: left; padding-left: 7px; -moz-border-radius:10px" | <div style="float:right;">[[File:Wbar_green2.jpg|link=]]</div><div style="float:left;">[[File:Nuvola apps kate.png|20px|link=|Сес пелгән итегес мә?]] [[Wp/sty/Wikipedia:Сес пелгән итегес мә?|<span style="color: #000000;">Сес пелгән итегес мә?</span>]]</div> |- | |- <!-------------------------------- 2.3 Пөгөнкө сүрәт ----------------------------------> ! style="background-color: #F7CADA; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #EF98B7; text-align: left; padding-left: 7px; -moz-border-radius:10px" | <div style="float:right;">[[File:Wbar_pink.jpg|link=]]</div><div style="float:left;">[[File:HSBild.svg|22px|link=|Efemérides]] [[Wp/sty/Пөгөнкө сүрәт| <span style="color: #000000;">Пөгөнкө сүрәт</span>]]</div> |- | style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 90%" | |- | style="font-size:92%; background:#FFFAF0; border:2px solid #cedff2; border-top:1" |<div class="center">[[File:Siberian Tatar Flag.svg|Себер Ил /Siberia|thumb|right|500px|link=]]</div> |} |} {{Wp/sty/Википедиятағы пашҡа телләр}} <!-- [[Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Wp/sty|Шаблоннар]]<br /> --> [[Wp/sty/Википедия:Перләшмә|Себертатар Википедияның ҡатнашыуцылар перләшмәсе]] <br /> [[Category:Wp/sty| ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} 2fx2jnlp6w9dyff9pv78ryd6n9e3nnm 7374351 7374345 2026-10-25T18:58:53Z ~2026-56905-08 2719960 7374351 wikitext text/x-wiki <div id="mp_header" class="mp_outerbox" style="border:1px solid #a7d7f9; margin: 0 0 0.5em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em; font-size: small; -moz-border-radius: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:10px;"> <!-- ---------- BEGINNING OF HEADER SECTION --------------------------- --> {| width="100%" | <div style="float: left; width: 0em; height: 0em; margin: -0.5em 0em 0em -2.5em; overflow: visiable;">[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-200px-transparent.png|225px|link=|Википедияның логотипы]]</div> |- | style="width:50%; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap;" | <div style="font-size:162%; border:0; margin:0; padding:.1em:">Ҡуш килтегес! </center></span></div> <div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:102%;text-transform:uppercase;"> '''Себер Википедия!''' </div> <div id="articlecount" style="font-size:108%;"> <big> Ҡәсер '''{{Wp/sty/NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'''</big> </b></span> мәҡәлә пар.</div> <div> <inputbox> type=create width=40 preload=Template:Standard content for new page editintro=Template:Instructions prefix=Wp/sty/ buttonlabel=Йаңа мәҡәләне йасҡалы </inputbox> </div> |style="width:100%; font-size:95%; color:#000; text-align:left;"| {|style="width:100%; background:transparent; white-space:nowrap;" | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Биография|Биография]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Тариҡ|Тариҡ]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Биология|Биология]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Пелем|Пелем]] <br /> <!-- [[Портал:Ғылым|Ғылым]]--> | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Технология|Технология]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Инженерия|Инженерия]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Музыка|Музыка]] <br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/География|География]]<br /> <!-- [[Портал:Религия|Религия]]<br /> --> | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | <!-- [[Портал:Ғылым|Ғылым]]<br /> --> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Математика|Математика]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Йәмәғәт|Йәмәғәт]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Геометрия|Геометрия]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Мәтәнийәт|Мәтәнийәт]]<br /> | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Сәйәсәт|Сәйәсәт]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Ижат|Ижат]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Иҡтисәт|Иҡтисәт]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Әтәбийәт|Әтәбийәт]]<br /> | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | <br> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Сәңәт|Сәңәт]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Тин|Тин]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Спорт|Спорт]]<br /> |} |} </div> {| style="border-spacing:8px;margin:0px -8px" |class="MainPageBG" style="width: 55%; border: 1px solid #cedff2; background-color:#FFFAF0; vertical-align: top;" | {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#FFFAF0; -moz-border-radius:10px <!-------------------------------- 2.1 Сайланҡан мәҡәлә ----------------------------------> ! style="background-color: #cedff2; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #B1CDEB; text-align: left; padding-left: 7px; -moz-border-radius:10px" | <div style="float:right;">[[File:Wbar_blue.jpg|link=]]</div><div style="float:left;">[[File:Crystal_Clear_bordered_yellow_star.svg|25px|link=|Избранная статья]] [[Wp/sty/Wikipedia:Сайланҡан мәҡәлә|<span style="color: #000000;">Сайланҡан мәҡәлә</span>]]</div> |- | style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 90%" | <div id="mf-galicia" title="Сайланҡан мәҡәлә"></div> |- | style="font-size:92%; background:#FFFAF0; border:2px solid #cedff2; border-top:1" |[[File:Trüsche Walchensee.jpg|right|thumb|220px|]] '''Ҡурты палыҡ''' — таса сыута йәшәйтеген палыҡ, төптә йөсөп йөрөйтө. Таса сыуның пашҡа палыҡлары ҡышҡылыҡ йоҡласалар, ҡурты палыҡ у уаҡытны иңере йөрөй пашлайты. Йәйгелек це сыуның температурасы әр күтәрелгән градусҡа 12°С-тан артыҡ ҡуртының ҡәленә пәрәте. Аның өцөн у сыуның төбөнә мәңәте, сыуларның аҡмаларынта йөсәте. Олло түгел сыулыҡларта йылғаның ҡысҡацыларын ҡыуып ташлап ойаларына урнашаты, антайын нимә пулмаса, таш астыларға, йағын ағацларның тамыр астыларына йөсәте. Йәй пуйы йәшенер урыннарта ҡышлаған ма ҡатып ҡалғантай ҡәлле торатылар. Цәнтә пер төнлә, посоҡ көннәртә асыҡ эстәгәле цығатылар. У уаҡыт ҡурты палыҡ сыулап йылмайты, цын та сыуның төбөнтә йөсөнөп йөрөйтө. Йоғо аралашлы ҡуртыларның асыҡ эстәп цығыулары келәң түгел – көнкә ҡарап. Цығыу интерваллары атнатан кәнерәк та пулаты. Ша уаҡытны палыҡлар посоҡ көннө көтөп ацҡа йөрөйтөләр, көннәр сыуытыуны та көтәтеләр. Әгәр сыуның температурасы 21–22°С артыҡ күтәрелеп китсә ҡурты палыҡлар үләте. Ҡурты палыҡ салғым таса сыуларны йарататы. ([[Wp/sty/Ҡурты палыҡ|Ҡурты палыҡ…]])</div> |- <!-------------------------------- 2.2 Йаҡшы мәҡәлә ----------------------------------> ! style="background-color: #ffe496; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #ffb466; text-align: left; padding-left: 7px; -moz-border-radius:10px" | <div style="float:right;">[[File:Wikibar2.png|link=]]</div><div style="float:left;">[[File:HSBra.svg|22px|link=|Йаҡшы мәҡәлә]] [[Wp/sty/Wikipedia:Хорошая статья| <span style="color: #000000;">Йаҡшы мәҡәлә</span>]]</div> |- | style="; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 90%" | <div id="mf-destacado" title="Йаҡшы мәҡәлә">[[File:Stipula_fountain_pen.jpg|right|thumb|220px|]] Себер татарларның йасма әтәбийәте үс пашланҡыцын ҡалыҡ ижатыннан алаты. Ҡалыҡ телтә саҡланҡан риүәйәтләр, йомаҡлар, пәйетләр, йырлар, лағап-әйтемнәр себер татарларның тариғын, йолаларын, йәшәү тәртибен саҡлап ҡалғаннар. 1859 – 1871 йылларта пилгеле алим В.В. Радловның ун томлыҡ тупламасы пасылып цығаты. IV томы себер татарларныңҡы фольклорыннан тораты. Радловныңҡы пы китабынта ҡалыҡ ижатының 119 исәпле әсәре йыйылған. Радлов «Итегәй» тастанның йерле үсенцәлекләрен күргәскән вариантны та йасып-төсөп ҡалтыраты. Тастаннарның кәне пестә – себер татарларның арабыста - саҡланып ҡалған, пестән – себер татарлартан йасылып алынҡан. «Итегәй», «Атаҡлы ҡыс Туҡпигә», <br> ([[Wp/sty/Себертатар әтәбийәт|Пөтөннәй…]])</div> |- |} <!-------------------------------- 4. Columna da dereita ----------------------------------> |class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #cedff2; background-color:#FFFAF0; vertical-align:top;"| <div style="margin: 4px 4px 2px 4px; text-align: left;"> {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="3" style="vertical-align: top; background-color:#FFFAF0; -moz-border-radius:10px;" |- <!-------------------------------- 4.1 Сес пелгән итегес мә? ----------------------------------> ! style="background-color: #DCF4CC; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #9EE072; text-align: left; padding-left: 7px; -moz-border-radius:10px" | <div style="float:right;">[[File:Wbar_green2.jpg|link=]]</div><div style="float:left;">[[File:Nuvola apps kate.png|20px|link=|Сес пелгән итегес мә?]] [[Wp/sty/Wikipedia:Сес пелгән итегес мә?|<span style="color: #000000;">Сес пелгән итегес мә?</span>]]</div> |- | |- <!-------------------------------- 2.3 Пөгөнкө сүрәт ----------------------------------> ! style="background-color: #F7CADA; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #EF98B7; text-align: left; padding-left: 7px; -moz-border-radius:10px" | <div style="float:right;">[[File:Wbar_pink.jpg|link=]]</div><div style="float:left;">[[File:HSBild.svg|22px|link=|Efemérides]] [[Wp/sty/Пөгөнкө сүрәт| <span style="color: #000000;">Пөгөнкө сүрәт</span>]]</div> |- | style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 90%" | |- | style="font-size:92%; background:#FFFAF0; border:2px solid #cedff2; border-top:1" |<div class="center">[[File:Siberian Tatar Flag.svg|СЕБЕР ИЛ /SIBERIA|thumb|right|500px|link=]]</div> |} |} {{Wp/sty/Википедиятағы пашҡа телләр}} <!-- [[Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Wp/sty|Шаблоннар]]<br /> --> [[Wp/sty/Википедия:Перләшмә|Себертатар Википедияның ҡатнашыуцылар перләшмәсе]] <br /> [[Category:Wp/sty| ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} 3pdz1fn70i2pgbhioxu9w1ny6n6879v 7374355 7374351 2026-10-25T19:05:10Z ~2026-56905-08 2719960 7374355 wikitext text/x-wiki <div id="mp_header" class="mp_outerbox" style="border:1px solid #a7d7f9; margin: 0 0 0.5em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em; font-size: small; -moz-border-radius: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:10px;"> <!-- ---------- BEGINNING OF HEADER SECTION --------------------------- --> {| width="100%" | <div style="float: left; width: 0em; height: 0em; margin: -0.5em 0em 0em -2.5em; overflow: visiable;">[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-200px-transparent.png|225px|link=|Википедияның логотипы]]</div> |- | style="width:50%; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap;" | <div style="font-size:162%; border:0; margin:0; padding:.1em:">Ҡуш килтегес! </center></span></div> <div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:102%;text-transform:uppercase;"> '''Себер Википедия!''' </div> <div id="articlecount" style="font-size:108%;"> <big> Ҡәсер '''{{Wp/sty/NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'''</big> </b></span> мәҡәлә пар.</div> <div> <inputbox> type=create width=40 preload=Template:Standard content for new page editintro=Template:Instructions prefix=Wp/sty/ buttonlabel=Йаңа мәҡәләне йасҡалы </inputbox> </div> |style="width:100%; font-size:95%; color:#000; text-align:left;"| {|style="width:100%; background:transparent; white-space:nowrap;" | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Биография|Биография]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Тариҡ|Тариҡ]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Биология|Биология]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Пелем|Пелем]] <br /> <!-- [[Портал:Ғылым|Ғылым]]--> | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Технология|Технология]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Инженерия|Инженерия]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Музыка|Музыка]] <br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/География|География]]<br /> <!-- [[Портал:Религия|Религия]]<br /> --> | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | <!-- [[Портал:Ғылым|Ғылым]]<br /> --> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Математика|Математика]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Йәмәғәт|Йәмәғәт]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Геометрия|Геометрия]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Мәтәнийәт|Мәтәнийәт]]<br /> | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Сәйәсәт|Сәйәсәт]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Ижат|Ижат]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Иҡтисәт|Иҡтисәт]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Әтәбийәт|Әтәбийәт]]<br /> | style="width:10%; font-size:99%;" | <br> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Сәңәт|Сәңәт]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Тин|Тин]]<br /> *[[:Category:Wp/sty/Спорт|Спорт]]<br /> |} |} </div> {| style="border-spacing:8px;margin:0px -8px" |class="MainPageBG" style="width: 55%; border: 1px solid #cedff2; background-color:#FFFAF0; vertical-align: top;" | {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#FFFAF0; -moz-border-radius:10px <!-------------------------------- 2.1 Сайланҡан мәҡәлә ----------------------------------> ! style="background-color: #cedff2; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #B1CDEB; text-align: left; padding-left: 7px; -moz-border-radius:10px" | <div style="float:right;">[[File:Wbar_blue.jpg|link=]]</div><div style="float:left;">[[File:Crystal_Clear_bordered_yellow_star.svg|25px|link=|Избранная статья]] [[Wp/sty/Wikipedia:Сайланҡан мәҡәлә|<span style="color: #000000;">Сайланҡан мәҡәлә</span>]]</div> |- | style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 90%" | <div id="mf-galicia" title="Сайланҡан мәҡәлә"></div> |- | style="font-size:92%; background:#FFFAF0; border:2px solid #cedff2; border-top:1" |[[File:Trüsche Walchensee.jpg|right|thumb|220px|]] '''Ҡурты палыҡ''' — таса сыута йәшәйтеген палыҡ, төптә йөсөп йөрөйтө. Таса сыуның пашҡа палыҡлары ҡышҡылыҡ йоҡласалар, ҡурты палыҡ у уаҡытны иңере йөрөй пашлайты. Йәйгелек це сыуның температурасы әр күтәрелгән градусҡа 12°С-тан артыҡ ҡуртының ҡәленә пәрәте. Аның өцөн у сыуның төбөнә мәңәте, сыуларның аҡмаларынта йөсәте. Олло түгел сыулыҡларта йылғаның ҡысҡацыларын ҡыуып ташлап ойаларына урнашаты, антайын нимә пулмаса, таш астыларға, йағын ағацларның тамыр астыларына йөсәте. Йәй пуйы йәшенер урыннарта ҡышлаған ма ҡатып ҡалғантай ҡәлле торатылар. Цәнтә пер төнлә, посоҡ көннәртә асыҡ эстәгәле цығатылар. У уаҡыт ҡурты палыҡ сыулап йылмайты, цын та сыуның төбөнтә йөсөнөп йөрөйтө. ([[Wp/sty/Ҡурты палыҡ|Ҡурты палыҡ…]])</div> |- <!-------------------------------- 2.2 Йаҡшы мәҡәлә ----------------------------------> ! style="background-color: #ffe496; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #ffb466; text-align: left; padding-left: 7px; -moz-border-radius:10px" | <div style="float:right;">[[File:Wikibar2.png|link=]]</div><div style="float:left;">[[File:HSBra.svg|22px|link=|Йаҡшы мәҡәлә]] [[Wp/sty/Wikipedia:Хорошая статья| <span style="color: #000000;">Йаҡшы мәҡәлә</span>]]</div> |- | style="; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 90%" | <div id="mf-destacado" title="Йаҡшы мәҡәлә">[[File:Stipula_fountain_pen.jpg|right|thumb|220px|]] Себер татарларның йасма әтәбийәте үс пашланҡыцын ҡалыҡ ижатыннан алаты. Ҡалыҡ телтә саҡланҡан риүәйәтләр, йомаҡлар, пәйетләр, йырлар, лағап-әйтемнәр себер татарларның тариғын, йолаларын, йәшәү тәртибен саҡлап ҡалғаннар. 1859 – 1871 йылларта пилгеле алим В.В. Радловның ун томлыҡ тупламасы пасылып цығаты. IV томы себер татарларныңҡы фольклорыннан тораты. Радловныңҡы пы китабынта ҡалыҡ ижатының 119 исәпле әсәре йыйылған. Радлов «Итегәй» тастанның йерле үсенцәлекләрен күргәскән вариантны та йасып-төсөп ҡалтыраты. Тастаннарның кәне пестә – себер татарларның арабыста - саҡланып ҡалған, пестән – себер татарлартан йасылып алынҡан. «Итегәй», «Атаҡлы ҡыс Туҡпигә», <br> ([[Wp/sty/Себертатар әтәбийәт|Пөтөннәй…]])</div> |- |} <!-------------------------------- 4. Columna da dereita ----------------------------------> |class="MainPageBG" style="border:1px solid #cedff2; background-color:#FFFAF0; vertical-align:top;"| <div style="margin: 4px 4px 2px 4px; text-align: left;"> {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="3" style="vertical-align: top; background-color:#FFFAF0; -moz-border-radius:10px;" |- <!-------------------------------- 4.1 Сес пелгән итегес мә? ----------------------------------> ! style="background-color: #DCF4CC; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #9EE072; text-align: left; padding-left: 7px; -moz-border-radius:10px" | <div style="float:right;">[[File:Wbar_green2.jpg|link=]]</div><div style="float:left;">[[File:Nuvola apps kate.png|20px|link=|Сес пелгән итегес мә?]] [[Wp/sty/Wikipedia:Сес пелгән итегес мә?|<span style="color: #000000;">Сес пелгән итегес мә?</span>]]</div> |- | |- <!-------------------------------- 2.3 Пөгөнкө сүрәт ----------------------------------> ! style="background-color: #F7CADA; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 100%; border: 1px solid #EF98B7; text-align: left; padding-left: 7px; -moz-border-radius:10px" | <div style="float:right;">[[File:Wbar_pink.jpg|link=]]</div><div style="float:left;">[[File:HSBild.svg|22px|link=|Efemérides]] [[Wp/sty/Пөгөнкө сүрәт| <span style="color: #000000;">Пөгөнкө сүрәт</span>]]</div> |- | style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 90%" | |- | style="font-size:92%; background:#FFFAF0; border:2px solid #cedff2; border-top:1" |<div class="center">[[File:Siberian Tatar Flag.svg|СЕБЕР ИЛ /SIBERIA|thumb|right|500px|link=]]</div> |} |} {{Wp/sty/Википедиятағы пашҡа телләр}} <!-- [[Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Wp/sty|Шаблоннар]]<br /> --> [[Wp/sty/Википедия:Перләшмә|Себертатар Википедияның ҡатнашыуцылар перләшмәсе]] <br /> [[Category:Wp/sty| ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5296}} gyeh5hy5shriwik410a5cz230fgrvsp 0 1739273 7374784 6275008 2026-10-26T09:30:00Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 Replaced content with "{{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. ~~~~}} {{INTERWIKI|Q132945}} [[Category:Wy/ar]]" 7374784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:29, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} {{INTERWIKI|Q132945}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] p10t6njhuvp75gjcuy4mwqzss4ck1m0 0 1739552 7374763 6081419 2026-10-26T09:16:31Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 Replaced content with "{{delete|Inpopular city. ~~~~}} [[Category:Wy/ar]]" 7374763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|Inpopular city. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:16, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] 9nksvc17hppiin189x60caaba8jb6yg 7374770 7374763 2026-10-26T09:21:43Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 7374770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:21, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] s39ooehf5ncoiady7e17i7yx1i39e7x 0 1770276 7374766 2575845 2026-10-26T09:17:42Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 Replaced content with "{{delete|poor article Inpopular city. ~~~~}} [[Category:Wy/ar]]" 7374766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|poor article Inpopular city. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:17, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] 66sbbf7kuhmrwstwhv2h01a3jhjtboy 7374768 7374766 2026-10-26T09:20:41Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 7374768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:20, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] b663h5sdolz4uqtwdmf92ljxoegnnpz 0 1775956 7374774 2654248 2026-10-26T09:24:23Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 Replaced content with "{{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. ~~~~}} [[Category:Wy/ar]]" 7374774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:24, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] dgj2fa5pbxixkax0ns4uhsadn8nxqbx 3 2291861 7374489 3200907 2026-10-26T01:24:19Z Fathoms Below 2603448 Fathoms Below moved page [[User talk:Zecanard]] to [[User talk:ZeCanard]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Zecanard|Zecanard]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/ZeCanard|ZeCanard]]" 3200907 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. It's free.<br>}} At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand it! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and [[translatewiki:Special:FirstSteps|follow the instructions]]. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]].{{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|</div>|}}</div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 22:51, 10 July 2015 (UTC) hydq2ygb8w3ez656r9cxxa64noil3em 0 2456581 7374775 3379399 2026-10-26T09:24:51Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 Removed redirect to [[Wy/ar/البصرة]] 7374775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:24, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] dgj2fa5pbxixkax0ns4uhsadn8nxqbx 0 2489648 7374568 7372321 2026-10-26T02:59:04Z Syunsyunminmin 2576388 -sd: please provide [[Incubator:Deletion policy|valid reason]] 7374568 wikitext text/x-wiki '''الحويزة''' هي مدينة إيرانية تقع في محافظة [[Wy/ar/خوزستان (محافظة)|خوزستان]] جنوب غرب [[Wy/ar/إيران|إيران]] == الاحياء == {| style="margin-right:1em;" align="right" | __TOC__ |} == الوصول اليها == === بالطائرة === === بالقطار === === بالباص === === بالسيارة === == التنقلات الداخلية == === بالتاكسي === === بالمترو === === بالباص === == الإقامة == === الفنادق === === المطاعم المشهورة === === التسوق والشراء === == الانشطة == == الصحة والأمان == === المستشفيات === === الشرطة والمطافي === === أرقام مهمة === == السفارات == [[Category:Wy/ar/مدن]] [[Category:Wy/ar]] [[Category:Wy/ar/إيران]] 13nkpe63o7bmrt1pqwo0aadv82cm4oe 7374785 7374568 2026-10-26T09:30:24Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 7374785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:30, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] 9j9jpj1k3cf4fi9v937jwmxo0c3nk39 0 2489708 7374777 3414949 2026-10-26T09:27:02Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 7374777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:27, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] s00oq4w1qky3p0x76wj9jme1sb6ierg 0 2489753 7374773 3888265 2026-10-26T09:23:27Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 7374773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:23, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] 8h48xhbt72x6imb9zm5pd5aks2c2yik 0 2645506 7374761 7365729 2026-10-26T09:16:31Z Absudar 2108561 Absudar moved page [[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲃ]] to [[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ]] over redirect: Where is that Bohairic form attested? 7365728 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anubis_standing.svg|200px|thumb|right|Ⲡⲓⲗⲓⲙⲏⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲀ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲃ.]] '''Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲃ''' ⲟⲩ[[Wp/cop/ⲛⲟⲩϯ|ⲛⲟⲩϯ]] ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲉⲃⲃⲁϣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲕⲱⲥ ⲛⲉⲙⲧⲕⲁⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲑⲧⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ϧⲉⲛ[[Wp/cop/ⲑⲣⲉⲥⲕⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲡⲁⲥ|ϯⲑⲣⲉⲥⲕⲓⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ⲡⲁⲥ]] ⲡⲉ. Ⲁⲩⲫⲟⲧϩϥ ⲛⲉⲙϯⲁ̀ⲫⲉ ⲛ̀[[Wp/cop/ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ|ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ]] ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ. Ⲛⲓⲃⲁⲗⲓⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ ⲥⲉⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀ ϫⲉ ⲛⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲧⲉⲃⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϣ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ (''Canis anthus lupaster)''. == Ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ == <div> Ⲁ̀ⲛⲓⲣⲉⲙⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲡⲁⲥ ⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ϩⲱⲥ <hiero>E15</hiero> ϧⲉⲛϯ[[Wp/cop/ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ `ⲛⲁⲡⲁⲥ|ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲁⲡⲁⲥ]] ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ϫⲉ <hiero>i-n:p-w-E16</hiero> ϧⲉⲛϯ[[Wp/cop/ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ `ⲙⲃⲉⲣⲓ|ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲙ̀ⲃⲉⲣⲓ]] (jnpw). Ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ (ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ بانوب ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲁ̀ⲣⲁⲃⲟⲥ) ⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ. </div> == Ϩⲁⲛⲉⲛⲉⲣⲅⲉⲓⲁ == * Ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲃⲥ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲙϩⲁⲩ * Ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲕⲱⲥ * Ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲯⲩⲭⲱⲟⲩⲓ * Ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϣⲓ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛϩⲏⲧ == Ⲛⲉϥⲙⲁ == Ⲛⲉ ⲛⲓϯⲙⲓ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛ̀Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲡⲉ Ⲕⲁⲓⲥ, [[Wp/cop/ⲥⲓⲱⲟⲩⲧ|Ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ]] ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲘⲁ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲃⲓⲛ. == Ⲧⲉϥⲥⲩⲅⲅⲉⲛⲉⲓⲁ == Ⲛⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲉ [[Wp/cop/ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ|Ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ]] ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ ⲡⲉ [[Wp/cop/ⲛⲉⲃⲑⲱ|Ⲛⲉⲃⲑⲱ]]. [[Category:Wp/cop]] [[Category:Wp/cop/Ϩⲁⲛⲉⲛⲑⲏⲣ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q47534}} bjb7p2x0p97b45xadx3dhjqvx0ctwr8 0 2669187 7374764 7365731 2026-10-26T09:17:16Z Absudar 2108561 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Ironzombie39|Ironzombie39]] ([[User talk:Ironzombie39|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Absudar|Absudar]] 7008589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/cop/Infobox settlement|settlement_type=ϯⲃⲁⲕⲓ|name=Ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ|country=[[Wp/cop/Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ|Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ]]|subdivision_type=Ⲡⲓⲑⲱϣ|subdivision_name=Ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ|population=528,669|population_density=19,870/ⲭⲙ2|photomontage={{Wp/cop/Photomontage | photo1a = Nasser Mosque and Malak Church مسجد ناصر وكنسية الملاك - panoramio.jpg | photo2a = المعهد الديني - أسيوط - مصر - The Religious Institute - Assiut - Egypt.JPG | photo2b = قصر ألكسان باشا.jpg | photo3a = Assyout city Egypt.jpg | photo3b = AsyutUniversityMainBldg.jpg | Founded = 3100 BC | photo3c = Assiut Barrage 1.jpg | size = 275 | spacing = 2 | color = transparent | border = 0 }}|image_caption='''Ⲕⲁⲧⲁϯϫⲓϫ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϯⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲡϣⲱⲓ:''' <br> Ⲡⲓⲧⲏⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ, Ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲗⲁⲧⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲀⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛ ⲡⲁϣⲁ, Ⲡⲓⲧⲏⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ, ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩⲧⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ, ⲡⲓϫⲓⲛⲓⲟⲣ ⲛ̀25 ⲛ̀ⲓⲁⲛⲟⲩⲁ̀ⲣⲓⲟⲥ, Ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ϯⲥⲃⲱ ⲛ̀ⲑⲣⲉⲥⲕⲓⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ Asyut Religious Institute|area_total_km2=26.6|native_name={{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|أسيوط}}}} '''Ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ''' ([[Wp/cop/ϫⲓⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ `ⲛⲣⲉⲙⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ `ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫⲣⲏⲥ|ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲫⲙⲁⲣⲏⲥ]]: Ⲥⲓⲟⲟⲩⲧ, [[Wp/cop/ϫⲓⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ `ⲛⲣⲉⲙⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ `ⲛⲧⲉ ⲥⲓⲱⲟⲩⲧ|ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ]]: Ⲥⲓⲁⲩⲧ {{Wp/cop/Ⲁⲥⲡⲓ|ar|أسيوط}}) ⲟⲩϯⲙⲓ ϧⲉⲛ[[Wp/cop/ⲭⲏⲙⲓ|Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ]] ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ϯⲙⲏⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ[[Wp/cop/Ⲥⲓⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲡⲓⲑⲱϣ|ⲡⲓⲑⲱϣ Ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ]] ⲡⲉ. Ⲡⲓⲇⲉⲙⲟⲥ ϥⲟⲓ 400,000 ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ . == Ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ == Ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀[[Wp/cop/ⲁⲥⲡⲓ `ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓⲛ|ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓⲛ]] ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲡⲉ Λυκόπολις. Ⲛⲓⲥⲙⲟⲧ ''Ⲗⲩⲕⲱⲛ'' ⲛⲉⲙ''Ⲗⲩⲕⲟⲩ'' ⲥⲉⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲁⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓⲛ. Ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲁⲣⲁⲃⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲡⲉ أسيوط ⲉ̀ⲁϥⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ. == Ϯϩⲓⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ̀ == === Ϯϩⲓⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ⲁⲣⲭⲉⲟⲥ === Ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϯⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲑⲁ ⲑⲙⲏϯ ⲛⲓⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲛⲉ Ϣⲉⲧⲓ Ⲁ̅ ⲛⲉⲙⲒⲧⲏⲃ ⲛⲉⲙϢⲉⲧⲓ Ⲃ̅ ⲁⲩⲧⲟⲙⲓⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙⲛⲓⲟⲩⲣⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ[[Wp/cop/Ϩⲛⲏⲥ|Ϩⲛⲏⲥ]] ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲱϣ ⲛ̀ⲣⲏⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲟⲩⲕⲧⲏⲙⲁ. Ⲡⲓⲃⲱⲧⲥ ⲟⲩⲧⲉⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲛⲉⲙⲛⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲣⲏⲥ ⲉⲧⲭⲏ ϧⲁⲡⲁⲙⲁϩⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ[[Wp/cop/Ⲛⲏ|Ⲛⲏ]] ⲁϥϫⲱⲕ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓϭⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲚⲏ, ⲉϥⲑⲉⲃⲓⲟ̀ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϫⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ. Ⲛⲓϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲣⲭⲉⲟ̀ⲗⲟⲅⲓⲕⲟⲛ ϧⲉⲛⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲥⲉⲉⲣⲡⲉⲣⲓⲉ̀ⲭⲓⲛ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲉⲙϩⲁⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲏⲓ Ⲑ̅, Ⲓ̅, ⲛⲉⲙⲒ̅Ⲃ̅, ⲛⲉⲙⲛⲓⲉⲙϩⲁⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓϣⲉⲛⲣⲁⲙⲏⲥⲥⲏ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲤⲓⲏ̀ⲥⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲀ̀ⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲡ. [[File:Descrizione delle medaglie dei Nômi p 23 (Lyko).png|left|thumb|Ⲟⲩϩⲁⲧ ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ⲡⲁⲥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲖⲩⲕⲱⲛ. Ϯϩⲓⲕⲱⲛ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛDescrizione delle medaglie dei Nômi.]] Ⲗⲩⲕⲟⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ, ⲛⲁⲩⲧⲟⲙⲧ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϣⲉⲙϣⲓ ⲛ̀[[Wp/cop/Ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ|Ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ]] ⲙ̀ⲫⲣⲏϯ [[Wp/cop/Ⲟⲩⲱⲛϣ|ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϣ]], ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲟⲥⲓⲥ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲁϫⲣⲟⲥ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲡⲓϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲛ̀[[Wp/cop/ⲙⲓⲟⲗⲱⲛ|ϩⲁⲛⲙⲓⲟ̀ⲗⲱⲛ]] ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϩⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϣ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲙⲁ. Ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲟⲩⲙⲩⲑⲟⲥ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲩⲁ̀ⲣⲉϩ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲆⲓⲟⲇⲟⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲢⲉⲙⲛⲥⲓⲕⲓⲗⲓⲁ̀ ⲟⲩⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲉⲩⲙⲁ [[Wp/cop/ⲉⲑⲁⲩϣ|ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲑⲱϣ]] ⲉⲩϭⲓϧⲣⲁϥ ⲉ̀Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲁⲩϭⲟϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲱⲟⲩ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϣ ϧⲁⲧⲉⲛ[[Wp/cop/Ⲓⲏⲃ|Ⲓⲏⲃ]]. Ⲟⲩⲁⲥⲡⲓ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲉⲩⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲥ ϫⲉϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲁ. Ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲟⲛ ⲁⲩϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ϩⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲉⲟⲥ ϧⲁⲧⲉⲛϯⲃⲁⲕⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲭⲏ ⲙ̀Ⲕ̅ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲱⲛ ⲉϥⲉⲣⲡⲉⲣⲓⲉⲭⲓⲛ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲕⲟⲥⲙⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲉⲩⲭⲏ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛϩⲁⲛⲙⲟⲩⲥⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲈⲩⲣⲱⲡⲏ ⲛⲉⲙⲀ̀ⲙⲉⲣⲓⲕⲏ. Ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲁⲩⲣⲏϫϥ ⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ40 ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ϣⲱⲧ ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ⲡⲁⲥ ⲉϥⲧⲱⲙⲧ ⲛ̀ϯⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲆⲁⲣϥⲟⲩⲣ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁϥⲣⲟⲩⲟ̀ ⲙ̀ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲥⲩⲛⲟⲇⲓⲁ̀ ϧⲉⲛⲒ̅Ⲇ̅ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲱⲛ. === Ϯⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ⲭⲣⲓⲥϯ̀ⲁⲛⲟⲥ === Ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓⲇⲓⲱⲅⲙⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ Ⲇⲓⲟ̀ⲕⲗⲏⲧⲓⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲥ, ⲡⲓⲉ̀ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ Ⲁ̀ⲡⲁⲇⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲀⲛⲧⲓⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲁϥϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϣⲫⲏⲣ ⲛ̀ⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ. Ⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲃ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲥⲩⲛⲁⲝⲁⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ⲣⲁⲃⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲥⲟⲩ1 ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓⲁ̀ⲃⲟⲧ [[Wp/cop/ⲉⲙϣⲓⲣ|Ⲉⲙϣⲓⲣ]]. Ⲁ̀ⲣⲓⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲓϩⲏⲅⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲏⲧϥ ϫⲉ ⲁϥϭⲟϫⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁ ⲛⲓⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲓⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲐⲉⲕⲗⲁ ⲧϣⲉⲣⲓ ⲛ̀Ⲕⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲩϯϩⲁⲡ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛϯⲃⲁⲕⲓ. ==== Ⲛⲓⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ ==== Ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲛⲉⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲡⲉ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϩⲁⲛⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̀ⲇⲓⲱⲅⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲓⲁ̀ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲆⲓⲟ̀ⲕⲗⲏⲧⲓⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲥ. Ⲁⲡⲁ Ⲓⲥⲭⲩⲣⲱⲛ ⲡⲓⲢⲉⲙⲕⲁⲗⲗⲓⲛ ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲭⲗⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϯⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛϯⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲥⲩⲛⲁⲝⲁⲣⲓⲟⲛ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲥⲟⲩ6 ⲓⲉ 7 ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲁ̀ⲃⲟⲧ [[Wp/cop/ⲡⲁⲱⲛⲓ|Ⲡⲁⲱ̀ⲛⲓ]]. Ⲫⲟⲓⲃⲁⲙⲙⲱⲛ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁϥϫⲱⲗ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ̀ϣⲧⲉⲙⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲡⲖⲩⲕⲁⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲁⲩϧⲟⲑⲃⲉϥ ϧⲉⲛⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲩⲕⲱⲧ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱⲥ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ̀ ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲓⲟ̀ ⲛⲁϥ. Ϯⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲥⲉⲧⲟⲙⲧ ⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛⲕⲉⲁ̀ⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲣⲁⲛ, ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ Ⲁⲣⲥⲉⲛⲟⲫⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲩϭⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲭⲗⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϯⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲛⲉⲙⲔⲗⲁⲩⲇⲓⲟⲥ, ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ϫⲓⲛϣⲓⲛⲓ ⲛ̀ⲣⲁⲛ. Ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ Ⲃⲓⲕⲧⲱⲣ ⲡⲓⲢⲉⲙϣⲱ ⲁⲩⲙⲁⲥϥ ϧⲉⲛϯⲃⲁⲕⲓ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲉⲣⲫⲙⲉⲩⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲥⲩⲛⲁⲝⲁⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ⲣⲁⲃⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲥⲟⲩ5 ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲁ̀ⲃⲟⲧ [[Wp/cop/ⲭⲟⲓⲁⲕ|Ⲭⲟⲓⲁⲕ]]. ==== Ϩⲁⲛⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲡⲁⲣⲁϯⲃⲁⲕⲓ ==== [[File:Illustration by David Roberts, digitally enhanced by rawpixel-com 35.jpg|thumb|Ⲥⲓⲱⲟⲩⲧ ϧⲉⲛⲒ̅Ⲑ̅ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲱⲛ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛⲆⲁⲩⲓⲇ Ⲣⲱⲡⲉⲣⲧⲥ.]] Ⲛⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲉ̀ϩⲉⲛ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛⲑⲙⲏϯ ⲛ̀ϫⲉ[[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲫⲟⲩ Ⲥⲁⲗⲓϩ|Ⲁ̀ⲫⲟⲩ Ⲥⲁⲗⲓϩ]] ⲛⲉⲙⲀⲗⲙⲁⲕⲣⲓⲍⲓ ⲥⲉⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉⲟⲩⲙⲏϣ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ̀ ϧⲉⲛⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ. Ⲁⲫⲟⲩ Ⲥⲁⲗⲓϩ ϥ̀ⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ60 ⲛ̀ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ̀ ⲛⲉⲙϩⲁⲛⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲥⲫⲓⲣ ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ[[Wp/cop/Ⲓ̀ⲁ̀ⲣⲟ ⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ|Ⲫⲓⲁ̀ⲣⲟ]] ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ ⲛ̀Ⲥⲓⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲉ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛ̀ϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲡⲓⲘⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϯⲁ̀ⲅⲓⲁ̀ Ⲑⲉⲟ̀ⲧⲟⲕⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲅⲣⲁⲫⲉⲱⲛ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲤⲉⲩⲏⲣⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲥⲁⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̀ϯⲃⲁⲕⲓ. Ⲁⲗⲙⲁⲕⲣⲓⲍⲓ ϥ̀ⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉϣⲟⲙⲧ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁⲩⲥⲱϫⲡ ϧⲉⲛⲒ̅Ⲉ̅ ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲱⲛ ⲛ̀ϫⲉⲡⲓⲘⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓϣⲁϣϥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲱⲟⲩ, ⲡⲓⲘⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲉϥⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲘⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲅⲣⲁⲫⲉⲱⲛ. Ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓϣⲁϣϥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲩⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟϥ ⲟⲛ ϫⲉⲡⲓⲙⲟⲛⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ[[Wp/cop/Ⲓⲱⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲓⲔⲟⲗⲟⲃⲟⲥ|Ⲓⲱⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲓⲔⲟⲗⲟⲃⲟⲥ]] ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩϣⲉⲣϣⲱⲣϥ ϧⲉⲛ1418. == Ϩⲁⲛⲡⲉⲣⲓⲃⲗⲉⲡⲧⲟⲥ == Ⲛⲓⲣⲉⲙⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲉⲩⲣⲱⲡⲏ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲙⲁϩ17 ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲙⲁϩ18 ⲛ̀ⲉ̀ⲱⲛ, ⲙ̀ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀Ⲃⲁⲛⲥⲗⲏⲃⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲙϢⲁⲣⲗ Ⲡⲟⲛⲥⲏ ⲁⲩⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉⲛⲓⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲓⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲥⲱϫⲡ ϧⲉⲛⲤⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲣⲁϧⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓⲁⲙⲫⲓⲑⲉⲁⲧⲣⲟⲛ ⲉ̀ⲧⲁ Ⲡⲟⲛⲥⲏ ⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲏⲧⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ1698. == Ϯⲑⲣⲉⲥⲕⲓⲁ̀ == [[File:Standard with an image of the god Wepwawet, wood - Museo Egizio Turin C 915 numero doppio p01.jpg|left|thumb|286x286px|Ⲡⲓⲥⲓⲅⲛⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲞⲩⲡⲟⲩⲱⲓ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛⲦⲟⲩⲣⲓⲛ ⲙ̀ⲫⲟⲟⲩ.]] Ⲛⲉⲛⲓ[[Wp/cop/ⲉⲛⲑⲏⲣ|ⲉⲛⲑⲏⲣ]] ⲛ̀ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲛⲉ [[Wp/cop/ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲡ|Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ]] ⲛⲉⲙ[[Wp/cop/ⲟⲡⲟⲩⲏⲟⲩⲓ|Ⲟⲩⲡⲟⲩⲱⲓ]]. Ϩⲁⲛⲙⲏϣ ⲛ̀ⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲓⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲥ ⲥⲉϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ⲉ̀Ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ ⲙ̀ⲫⲟⲟⲩ. ==== Ⲛн ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛ̀ⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲓⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲧⲟⲙⲓ ⲛⲉⲙϯⲃⲁⲕⲓ ==== * Ⲁ̀ⲡⲁ Ⲫⲟⲓⲃⲁⲙⲙⲱⲛ * Ⲓⲱϩⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲓⲢⲉⲙⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ * Ⲛⲓⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ Ⲑⲉⲕⲗⲁ ⲛⲉⲙⲠⲁⲙⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲉⲙⲔⲗⲁⲩⲇⲓⲟⲥ * Ⲁ̀ⲡⲁ Ⲅⲉⲱⲣⲅⲓⲟⲥ == Ϩⲁⲣⲉⲙⲫⲙⲁ == * Ⲕⲟⲗⲟⲩⲑⲟⲥ, ⲡⲓⲡⲟⲓⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓⲛ * Ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲢⲉⲙⲗⲩⲕⲱⲛ, ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲅⲟⲥ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲓⲟⲥ * Ⲟⲩⲙⲁⲣ Ⲙⲁⲕⲣⲁⲙ, ⲡⲓⲣⲉⲙϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲛⲏⲃ [[Category:Wp/cop/Ⲃⲁⲕⲓ]] [[Category:Wp/cop/Ⲙⲁ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲱϩ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓⲑⲱϣ Ⲥⲓⲱ̀ⲟⲩⲧ]] [[Category:Wp/cop]] {{INTERWIKI|Q29962}} 9owtkp81d6ymit5zvtg0zcws1g5xljw 0 2832204 7374215 6665868 2026-10-25T12:52:25Z Sree1959 2594881 நடை கையேடு வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Style|வழிபாட்டுத் தலங்களை மையமாகக் கொண்டுள்ள உள்ளடக்கத்துக்கு தனிப் பக்கம் ஒதுக்குவது [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை என்றால் என்ன?|விக்கிப்பயணக் கொள்கைகளுக்கு]] ஏற்புடையது அல்ல. தகுந்த பயண இலக்கு அல்லது மாகாணத்துடன் இதன் உள்ளடக்கத்தை இணைக்க பரிந்துரை செய்யப்படுகின்றது}} [[File:Nallur Kandaswamy temple.jpg|right|400px|thumb|கோவில்]] '''நல்லூர் கந்தசுவாமி கோவில்''' என்பது இலங்கையில் அமைந்துள்ள சுற்றுலா பயணிகளை கவரும் சமய சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களுள் ஒன்றாகும். [[Category:Wy/ta]] fprudluo9we1d48pyrdqkc4mrl9r2ny 0 2832205 7374191 3802763 2026-10-25T12:39:25Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''திருக்கோணேச்சரம்''' என்பது இலங்கையில் அமைந்துள்ள சுற்றுலா பயணிகளை கவரும் சமய சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களுள் ஒன்றாகும். [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} r9hdio9ou2ooyw3p214w324nskbmu0q 0 2833862 7374181 7297627 2026-10-25T12:26:11Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Jerusalem banner Panorama.jpg|pgname=இசுரேல்}} '''இசுரேல்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆசியா|ஆசியா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். ==நகரங்கள்== [[File:Vista general de Masada.jpg|thumb|மசாடா]] ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆசிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q801}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} orxuocbf2h0m0e1v285gtamv21w6r54 0 2833873 7374224 7373464 2026-10-25T12:56:15Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner |Boudha Stupa Kathmandu banner.jpg|caption=Boudha Stupa, Kathmandu}} '''நேபாளம்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆசியா|ஆசியா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். ==நகரங்கள்== '''[[Wy/ta/காத்மாண்டு|காத்மாண்டு]]''': நேபாளத்தின் தலைநகரமும் மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும், மிக முக்கியமான நகரமும் ஆகும். ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== நேபாளம் இன் தேசிய உணவு '''தால் பாட் தருக்காரீ''' ஆகும். ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆசிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|wy/ta/தெற்கு ஆசியா}} {{INTERWIKI|Q837}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} bjuhvu991zzdg6gua9wh665bf6ui4fk 0 2833876 7374314 7365595 2026-10-25T16:21:33Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Dudipat WV Panorama.jpg}} '''பாக்கித்தான்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆசியா|ஆசியா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். பாக்கித்தான் இசுலாமியக் குடியரசு என்பது மேற்கு, மத்திய, தெற்கு மற்றும் கிழக்கு ஆசியப் பகுதிகளின் சந்திப்பில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு நாடாகும். தெற்காசிய முசுலிம்களுக்கான தனித்த தாயகமாக உருவான இந்நாட்டின் சுற்றுலாத் துறை, 1960-ஆம் ஆண்டுகளில் நிகழ்ந்த பண்பாட்டு பயணம் காரணமாகத் தனது பொற்காலத்தை எட்டியிருந்தது. 1970-ஆம் ஆண்டுகள் முதல் இந்நாடு நிலையற்ற தன்மையிலேயே இருந்து வருகிறது. இதன் காரணமாகப் பல நாடுகள் பாக்கித்தானுக்குப் பயணம் மேற்கொள்வது பாதுகாப்பற்றது என்று அறிவித்துள்ளன. இவை அனைத்தையும் மீறி, பாக்கித்தான் தனது தனித்துவமான, பன்முகத்தன்மை வாய்ந்த பண்பாடு மற்றும் நிலப்பரப்புகளின் காரணமாகத் தொடர்ந்து சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளை ஈர்த்து வருகிறது. வரலாற்று ஆர்வலர்கள் மொகஞ்சதாரோ, அரப்பா மற்றும் தட்சசீலம் போன்ற பண்டைய நாகரிகங்களின் ஏராளமான இடிபாடுகளைக் கண்டு மகிழலாம். கட்டடக்கலை பிரியர்கள் முகலாயக் காலக் கட்டிடக்கலைகளைக் காணலாம். சாகசப் பிரியர்கள் கே2 உள்ளிட்ட எண்ணற்ற மலைச்சிகரங்களில் ஏறும் சாகசத்தில் தங்கள் திறமையைச் சோதித்துப் பார்க்கலாம். ==நகரங்கள்== * '''இஸ்லாமாபாத்''': பாக்கித்தான் இன் தலைநகரம் ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== காபி மற்றும் தேநீர் நாடு முழுவதும் கிடைக்கின்றன, ஆனால் மது அரிதானவை. ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆசிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta/தெற்காசியா]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{Wy/ta/Geo|30|71|zoom=6}} {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/தெற்கு ஆசியா}} {{INTERWIKI|Q843}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 4csg777ysdgpaytpbf24bvp82ux4y4j 0 2833877 7374319 7137984 2026-10-25T16:25:01Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Banaue Wikivoyage banner.jpg}} '''பிலிப்பைன்சு''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆசியா|ஆசியா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். ==நகரங்கள்== * '''மைனீலா''': பிலிப்பைன்சு வின் தலைநகரமும் * '''பாக்கொலட்''': வருடாந்திர மாஸ்காரா திருவிழா க்குப் பிரபலமானது ==பார்க்க== ===கடற்கரைகள்=== பிலிப்பைன்சு '''கடற்கரைகள்''' இல் நிறைந்துள்ளது. ==சாப்பிட== சைவ உணவு உண்பவர்கள் சபிக்கப்பட்டவர்கள் மற்றும் ஆசீர்வதிக்கப்பட்டவர்கள்: தெரியும் இறைச்சியைக் கொண்ட பல உணவுகளை நீங்கள் தவிர்க்க முடிந்தாலும், மீன் சாஸ் மற்றும் இறால் விழுது எல்லா இடங்களிலும் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன. அதிர்ஷ்டவசமாக, காய்கறி சார்ந்த உணவுகள் பொதுவாக மலிவானவை, மேலும் நீங்கள் கொஞ்சம் பிலிப்பைன்ஸ் பேச முடிந்தால், அது மிகவும் உதவியாக இருக்கும். சைவ உணவு உண்பவர்களுக்கு சில முக்கியமான சொற்றொடர்கள்: * நான் சைவம்: ''Ako ay vegetarian (ஆக்கொ ஐ வெகெட்டாரியன்)'' * தயவுசெய்து மீன் சாஸ் அல்லது இறால் விழுது பயன்படுத்தாமல் இருக்க முடியுமா?: ''Pwede bang huwag kang gumamit ng patis o bagoong? (புவேடே பாங் ஹூவாக் காங் கூமாமீட் ஙா பாட்டீஸ் ஒ பாகோங்)'' ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆசிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q928}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} ccys1kxjld9jplzbrpmvugvb6zmnlft 0 2833883 7374206 7371723 2026-10-25T12:45:49Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Korea Banner 2.jpg}} '''தென்கொரியா''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆசியா|ஆசியா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். ==நகரங்கள்== * '''ஸௌல்''': தென்கொரியா இன் மிகப் பழமையான தலைநகரம், நவீன அம்சங்களுடன் ==போக்குவரத்து== தென்கொரியா இல், பெரும்பாலான இடங்களுக்கு ரயில் மூலம் செல்வது ஒப்பீட்டளவில் எளிதானது. ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== கொரிய உணவு வகைகள் காரமானவை மற்றும் இறைச்சி நிறைந்தவை. ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆசிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q884}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} d47r57bla1i8lekvnxslmhevjusvcgz 0 2833890 7374201 7371719 2026-10-25T12:44:11Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Turkmenistan banner Carpets 2.jpg}} '''துர்க்மெனிஸ்தான்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆசியா|ஆசியா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். ==நகரங்கள்== * '''ஆஷ்காபாட்''': துர்க்மெனிஸ்தான் வின் தலைநகரமும், மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும், மிக முக்கியமான நகரமும் ஆகும் ==பார்க்க== * துர்க்மென் கம்பள அருங்காட்சியகம் ==சாப்பிட== துர்க்மென் உணவு இறைச்சி-கனமாக இருக்கலாம், ஆனால் சில உணவுகளை இறைச்சி இல்லாமல் செய்யலாம். ==குடிக்க== துர்க்மெனிஸ்தான் இல் உள்ள நீர் மோசமான தரம் வாய்ந்ததாக இருக்கும், நீங்கள் ஆரோக்கியத்தில்-அக்கறை கொண்டவராக இருந்தால், நாடு இல் பாதுகாப்பான பந்தயத்தைக் கண்டுபிடிப்பது உங்களுக்கு மிகவும் கடினமாக இருக்கலாம். ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆசிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q874}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} jh0owa32kv7a1e4vzhfayc7ic37uo3h 0 2834360 7374324 7296275 2026-10-25T16:27:46Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Bujumbura (Burundi) Coconut beach.jpg|pgname=புருண்டி}} '''புருண்டி''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்கா|ஆப்பிரிக்கா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது கிழக்கு ஆப்பிரிக்காவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== நாடு இல் குளிர்பானங்களைக் மற்றும் மது கண்டுபிடிப்பது மிகவும் எளிதானது. ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q967}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 2gljf1m7vum04uec171wakiqmsy23xf 0 2834398 7374187 7363135 2026-10-25T12:34:20Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Algeria Alternative 1 cropped slightly.jpg|pgname=அல்ஜீரியா}} '''அல்சீரியா''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்கா|ஆப்பிரிக்க]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது வடக்கு ஆபிரிக்காவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== [[File:The desert in Algeria.jpg|thumb|அல்ஜீரியாவில் உள்ள பாலைவனம்]] * '''அல்ஜியர்ஸ்''': அல்சீரியா நாட்டின் தலைநகரமும் மற்றும் மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும் ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்கா}} {{INTERWIKI|Q262}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} e55ps2oc88vld93oohgf56po7z6xlvp 0 2834403 7374200 7296406 2026-10-25T12:43:40Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Tunisia banner Roman mosaic at Carthage.jpg|caption=A Roman mosaic at Carthage}} '''துனீசியா''' (تونس‎ ''டூநிஸ்'') என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்கா|ஆப்பிரிக்க]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது வடக்கு ஆபிரிக்காவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 7f3t2ovtklf4080pfa6tm1anlrbw3b7 0 2834407 7374214 7371744 2026-10-25T12:48:56Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Sossusvlei banner.jpg|pgname=நமீபியா|caption=Sossusvlei, Namib desert}} '''நமீபியா''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்கா|ஆப்பிரிக்க]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது தென் ஆப்பிரிக்காவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1030}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} c7yy66b8wvm0jhunfz2vet6n5x0fp4b 0 2834411 7374325 7296465 2026-10-25T16:28:32Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Burkina Faso Wikivoyage banner.jpg|pgname=புர்க்கினா பாசோ}} '''புர்க்கினா பாசோ''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்கா|ஆப்பிரிக்க]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது மேற்கு ஆப்பிரிக்காவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== * '''வாகாடூகூ''': தலைநகரமும், மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும், மிக முக்கியமான நகரமும் ஆகும் ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q965}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} fv63ve7dea665b3rt7ldhsdzeqd8kez 0 2834421 7374225 7296408 2026-10-25T12:56:34Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Niger banner Bagzane.jpg|pgname=நைஜர்}} '''நைஜர்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்கா|ஆப்பிரிக்க]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது மேற்கு ஆப்பிரிக்காவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 3auvxdjq54wabr5ze0ac1sjn9iczwuo 0 2834422 7374226 7296461 2026-10-25T12:56:53Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Nigeria banner Eyo Festival in Lagos.jpg|pgname=நைஜீரியா|caption=ஆடை அணிந்த நடனக் கலைஞர்களான ஐயோஸ், லாகோஸின் ஐயோ விழாவில் மேலிருந்து பார்க்கப்பட்டது}} '''நைஜீரியா''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்கா|ஆப்பிரிக்க]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது மேற்கு ஆப்பிரிக்காவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==நித்திரை கொள்ள== ==கற்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஆப்பிரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1033}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} exczsyy2axgfl808xfq377gboh0jt8m 0 2834664 7374312 7266761 2026-10-25T16:20:12Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Beklemeto Pass banner.jpg|caption=Beklemeto Pass}} '''பல்கேரியா''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது கிழக்கு ஐரோப்பாவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. அதிகாரப்பூர்வமாக 'பல்கேரியக் குடியரசு' என அழைக்கப்படுகிறது; இது ஐரோப்பாவின் பால்கன் பிராந்தியத்தில், கருங்கடலுக்கு மேற்கிலும் தானூப்பு நதிக்குத் தெற்கிலும் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு நாடாகும். தனது கடற்கரைப் பகுதிகளில் எழில்மிகு கடற்கரைகளையும், மலைப்பகுதிகளில் அழகிய தேவாலயங்களையும் குளிர்கால விளையாட்டு வாய்ப்புகளையும் கொண்டுள்ளது. அத்துடன், இந்நாட்டின் ஒவ்வொரு நகரத்திலும் ஊரிலும் தனித்துவமான கட்டடக்கலை பாணிகளின் கலவையையும் தன்னகத்தே கொண்டுள்ளது. ஐரோப்பாவின் மிகப் பழமையான நாடுகளில் ஒன்றான இது, பரந்த அளவிலான நிலப்பரப்புப் பல்வகைமைகளையும், தனித்துவமான அழகைக் கொண்ட எண்ணற்ற வரலாற்றுச் சின்னங்களையும் வழங்குகிறது. ==நகரங்கள்== * '''ஸோஃபியா''': பல்கேரியா வின் தலைநகரமும், மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும், மிக முக்கியமான வர்த்தக நகரமும் ஆகும் ==பார்க்க== === கலாச்சார பாரம்பரியம் தலங்கள் === ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== பல்வேறு கனிம நீர் நாடு முழுவதும் காணலாம். ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q219}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} p2gb2qd6kkra4ycwaxf3s1oap3oells 0 2834674 7374315 7258469 2026-10-25T16:22:27Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Finland Wikivoyage Banner.png}} '''பின்லாந்து''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது வடக்கு ஐரோப்பாவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. பின்லாந்து என்பது, வசதியான சிறிய நகரங்கள் மற்றும் மாநகரங்கள் ஆங்காங்கே காணப்படும், மாசுபடாத பரந்த இயற்கை நிலப்பரப்புகளைக் கொண்ட ஒரு நாடாகும். பல பனிக்காலங்களில் பனிப் படலங்களால் தட்டையாக்கப்பட்டதால், பின்லாந்தில் அதன் நோர்டிக் அண்டை நாடுகளைப் போன்ற பிரம்மாண்டமான மலைகள் இல்லை. ஆனால், 188,000 ஏரிகள் மற்றும் அதே எண்ணிக்கையிலான தீவுகள் காணப்படுகின்றன. பின்லாந்து ஆர்க்டிக் பகுதி வரை நீண்டுள்ளது. அங்கு வட துருவ ஒளி மற்றும் நள்ளிரவு சூரியனைக் காணலாம். புராணங்களில் கூறப்படும் கோர்வதுண்டுரி மலை, சாண்டா கிளாசின் இல்லம் என்று சொல்லப்படுகிறது. மேலும் உரோவானிமியில் ஒரு சாண்டாலேண்ட்டு உள்ளது. பின்லாந்து ஓர் உயர் தொழில்நுட்ப நாடாக இருந்தாலும், பின்லாந்து மக்கள் வெப்பமான மாதங்களில் தங்கள் கோடைகாலக் குடில்களுக்குச் சென்று, குறுகிய ஆனால் பிரகாசமான கோடைக்காலத்தில் நீச்சல், மீன்பிடித்தல் மற்றும் பார்பிக்யூ போன்ற அனைத்து விதமான ஓய்வு தரும் பொழுதுபோக்குகளையும் அனுபவிக்க விரும்புகிறார்கள். பின்லாந்து, இசுக்காண்டிநேவியா மற்றும் உருசியா ஆகிய இரண்டிலிருந்தும் அதை வேறுபடுத்தும் ஒரு தனித்துவமான மொழி மற்றும் கலாச்சாரத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. பின்லாந்து கலாச்சாரம் பழமையானதாக இருந்தாலும், உருசியப் பேரரசின் வீழ்ச்சிக்குப் பிறகு, 1917-ஆம் ஆண்டில்தான் அந்நாடு சுதந்திரம் பெற்றது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== * '''டூர்க்கூ''': மிகப் பழமையான நகரம் பின்லாந்து ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q33}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} hkrsa7z0rki2oq8mdj2erthepienahy 0 2834679 7374227 7266757 2026-10-25T12:57:17Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Raftsundet (Lofoten) banner Panorama.jpg|Norway|caption=Raftsundet, Lofoten}} '''நோர்வே''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது வடக்கு ஐரோப்பாவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. மாபெரும் கடல் முகத்துவாரங்கள், பெரும் பள்ளத்தாக்குகள், அகன்ற காடுகள் மற்றும் அழகிய ஏரிகளைக் கொண்ட ஒரு நிலமாகும். இது ஓசுலோ மற்றும் பெர்கன் போன்ற துடிப்பான நகரங்களையும் கொண்டுள்ளது. இசுக்காண்டிநேவிய நாடுகளில் நார்வேதான் மேற்கு எல்லையிலும், வடக்கு எல்லையிலும், ஆச்சரியப்படும் விதமாக, கிழக்கு எல்லையிலும் அமைந்துள்ளது. நோர்டிக்கு நாடுகளில் பின்லாந்து மட்டுமே இதைவிட சற்றே கிழக்கே நீண்டுள்ளது. பூமியின் மிக அழகான நிலப்பரப்புகளில் சிலவற்றிற்குள் அமைந்திருக்கும்போதே, நள்ளிரவு சூரியனைக் காணமுடியும். வட துருவ ஒளிகளைக் கண்டு ரசிக்கவும், செழுமையான கலாச்சார பாரம்பரியத்தை அனுபவிக்கவும் தனித்துவமான கட்டிடக்கலையைக் கண்டு வியக்கவும் நார்வே வாய்ப்பளிக்கிறது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q20}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} b3ypxro9dwm8fzlhoy6e7n2qmrfqz7v 0 2834680 7374180 7297628 2026-10-25T12:25:49Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Marmorbruket Norrköping banner.jpg|pgname=இசுவீடன்}} '''இசுவீடன்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது வடக்கு ஐரோப்பாவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. பரப்பளவு மற்றும் மக்கள் தொகையின் அடிப்படையில் நோர்டிக் நாடுகளில் சுவீடன் மிகப்பெரிய நாடாகும். அடர்ந்த காடுகள் மற்றும் ஏராளமான ஏரிகள், வைக்கிங் காலம் மற்றும் 17-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் சுவீடியப் பேரரசின் வரலாற்றுச் சின்னங்கள், நோபல் பரிசின் சிறப்பு மற்றும் அந்நாட்டின் புகழ்பெற்ற பாப் இசைச் சூழல் ஆகியவற்றை இங்கு வரும் பயணிகள் அனுபவிக்கலாம். சுவீடனில் 2,70,000 தீவுகள் உள்ளன. அவற்றில் பலவற்றை 'எங்கும் செல்லும் உரிமை மூலம் மக்கள் சென்று பார்வையிட முடியும். ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q34}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} s5ch5easzjnc6150ewuo0rc2acjohzy 0 2834693 7374205 7371721 2026-10-25T12:45:16Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|San Marino banner 1.jpg|unesco=yes}} '''தூய மரீனோ''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது தெற்கு ஐரோப்பாவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q238}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 542vjvv2n74j05eceht2nyf1un4mzto 0 2834699 7374186 7297616 2026-10-25T12:33:27Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Austria-banner1.jpg|pgname=ஆத்திரியா}} '''ஆத்திரியா''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது மேற்கு ஐரோப்பாவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== * '''[[Wy/ta/வியெந|வியெந]]''': ஆஸ்திரியா நாட்டின் தலைநகரமும் மற்றும் மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும் ==பார்க்க== தலைநகரான '''வியன்னா''' இல் வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க கட்டமைப்புகளை நீங்கள் காணலாம். ==சாப்பிட== * '''குனொடேல்''': இனிப்பு அல்லது சுவையான நிரப்புகளுடன் கூடிய பாலாடை ==குடிக்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q40}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 5j3wdi59h1mmyh4yc6qomzc5qqbp3xx 0 2834706 7374223 7074119 2026-10-25T12:55:43Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374223 wikitext text/x-wiki '''நெதர்லாந்து''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பா|ஐரோப்பா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். இது மேற்கு ஐரோப்பாவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 91so5pe6omjjksy84n6zfhv41lzwci0 0 2834716 7374188 7363132 2026-10-25T12:34:46Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Argentina Banner 1.jpg|pgname=அர்கெந்தீனா}} '''அர்கெந்தீனா''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/தென் அமெரிக்கா|தென் அமெரிக்கா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். தென் அமெரிக்காவின் தெற்குப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு பரந்த நாடாகும். வடக்கே அடர்ந்த காடுகள், மையப்பகுதியில் பரந்த புல்வெளிகள் மற்றும் தெற்கே பனி சூழ்ந்த மலைகள் என, இந்நாடு பல்வேறு வகையான தட்பவெப்ப நிலைகளையும் நிலப்பரப்புகளையும் தன்னகத்தே கொண்டுள்ளது. 1800-ஆம் ஆண்டுகளிலிருந்தே — பெரும்பாலும் ஐரோப்பா மற்றும் பிற தென் அமெரிக்க நாடுகளிலிருந்து — பெருமளவிலான குடியேற்ற வரலாற்றைக் கொண்டுள்ள அர்கெந்தினா, பல்வேறு பண்பாடுகளின் சங்கமமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== அர்கெந்தீனா நிறைய மது விருப்பங்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/தென் அமெரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q414}} {{Wy/ta/Geo|-34|-64|zoom=4}} {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/தென் அமேரிக்கா}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} jd5lqzdl2deyr1ubk5jbz8vtyvjo8br 0 2834723 7374311 7266759 2026-10-25T16:19:43Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Prague banner.jpg|unesco=yes|unesco_cc=yes}} '''பராகுவே''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/தென் அமெரிக்கா|தென் அமெரிக்கா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். பராகுவே என்பது அண்டை நாடுகளுடன் ஒப்பிடும்போது சிறியதாக உள்ளது. இந்நகரம் செக் குடியரசின் தலைநகரமும், மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும் ஆகும். இந்நகரின் வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க கட்டடங்களும், குறுகலான மற்றும் வளைந்து செல்லும் தெருக்களும், 'பொகேமியா' எனும் வரலாற்றுப் பகுதியின் தலைநகராக இது பல நூற்றாண்டுகளாக வகித்து வந்த பங்கிற்குச் சான்றாகத் திகழ்கின்றன. இந்நகரத்தின் பொன்னிறக் கோபுரங்களையும், வானலையில் கம்பீரமாக உயர்ந்து நிற்கும் 9-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு கோட்டையையும் தன் நீரில் பிரதிபலிக்கும், அழகியதும் வளைந்து நெளிந்து ஓடுவதுமான 'வல்டாவா' ஆற்றின் கரையில் இந்நகரம் அமைந்துள்ளது. இந்த வரலாற்றுச் சூழலுடன், நகரம் முழுவதையும் தழுவி நிற்கும் ஒரு தனித்துவமான விசித்திரத் தன்மையும் இணைந்துள்ளது. செக் கியூபிசம் அருங்காட்சியகம் முதல் வண்ணமயமான இயூபிலி ஆலயம் வரையிலும், கோட்டை முதல் நதி வரையிலும் — பராகுவே நகரம் ஒவ்வொரு வகையிலும் ஒரு 'போகேமியன்' தலைநகராகத் திகழ்கிறது. ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/தென் அமெரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1085}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 4o4qxqsh6w7ol6lcj1ucyqo3r87as6r 0 2834725 7374317 7137999 2026-10-25T16:23:47Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|French Guyana banner Bagne Cayenne.jpg}} '''பிரெஞ்சு கயானா''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/தென் அமெரிக்கா|தென் அமெரிக்கா]]க் கண்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள நாடுகளுள் ஒன்றாகும். ==நகரங்கள்== ==பார்க்க== ==சாப்பிட== ==குடிக்க== ==அடுத்து செல்ல== [[Category:Wy/ta/தென் அமெரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{INTERWIKI|Q3769}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} t2jw4rckz23v6nh7cwj9clj8x4jo7iq 0 2856588 7374177 7196565 2026-10-25T12:24:23Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/பயண எச்சரிக்கை|2022 இல் தொடங்கி, இந்திராவதி தேசியப் பூங்கா நக்சல் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ளது.}} '''இந்திராவதி தேசியப் பூங்கா''' (ஆங்கிலம்: Indravati National Park) [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியா]]வின் [[Wy/ta/சத்தீஸ்கர்|சட்டீஸ்கர்]] மாநிலத்தில் [[Wy/ta/பிஜப்பூர்|பிஜப்பூர்]] மாவட்டத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இந்நகரில் ஓடும் [[Wy/ta/இந்திராவதி நதி|இந்திராவதி நதி]] யின் பெயரே இந்த தேசியப் பூங்காவிற்குச் சூட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது. இந்தப் பூங்காவில் அதிக அளவில் காட்டெருமைகள் காணப்படுகின்றன. இந்த மாநிலத்தில் இந்த தேசியப் பூங்காவில் மட்டுமே புலிகள் பாதுகாப்புத் திட்டம் செயல்படுத்தப்பட்டு வருகிறது. இந்தப் பூங்காவின் பரப்பலவு சராசரியாக 2799.08 சதுர கிலோமீட்டர்கள் ஆகும். இது 1981 ஆம் ஆண்டு தேசியப் பூங்காவாக அறிவிக்கப்பட்டது. பின்னர் 1983 ஆம் ஆண்டு ''புலிகள் பாதுகாப்புத் திட்டம்'' அமுல்படுத்தப்பட்டது. இந்தியாவின் புகழ் பெற்ற புலிகள் காப்பகத்தில் இதுவும் ஒன்று ஆகும்.இந்தப் பூங்கா கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து 177 முதல் 599 மீட்டர்கள் உயரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1427976}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} mrx5kfdtodqvh0jzfcqh0naavbpm90n 0 2864315 7374329 6704078 2026-10-25T16:39:51Z Tanitjustice 2719287 /* */ 7374329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/aeb/Infobox blad | اسم الدولة = تُونِس | الاسم الرسمي = الجُمْهُورِيَّةُ التُّونِسِيَّة | صورة علم = [[Wp/aeb/ملف:Flag of Tunisia.svg|150px]] | وصف العلم = [[Wp/aeb/علم تونس|علم تونس]] | صورة شعار = Coat of arms of Tunisia.svg | وصف الشعار = [[Wp/aeb/شعار تونس|شعار تونس]] | الشعار الوطني = "[[Wp/aeb/حرية، نظام، عدالة|حرية، نظام، عدالة]]" | النشيد الوطني = [[Wp/aeb/حماة الحمى|حماة الحمى]]<br />[[Wp/aeb/ملف:Humat al-Hima.ogg|مركز]] | خريطة = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg | تسمية الخريطة = موقع تونس باللون الأخضر. | خريطة 2 = | تسمية الخريطة 2 = | العاصمة = {{Wp/aeb/صورة رمز علم|Flag commune of Tunis.SVG}} [[Wp/aeb/تونس (مدينة)|مدينة تونس]] | إحداثيات = {{Wp/aeb/إحداثيات|36|49|N|10|11|E|type:city}} | أعلى قمة = [[Wp/aeb/جبل الشعانبي|جبل الشعانبي]] (1544 [[Wp/aeb/متر|متر]]) | أخفض نقطة = [[Wp/aeb/شط الغرسة|شط الغرسة]] (17− [[Wp/aeb/متر|متر]]) | أهم المدن = {{Wp/aeb/صورة رمز علم|Flag commune of Tunis.SVG}} [[Wp/aeb/تونس (مدينة)|مدينة تونس]]<br />{{Wp/aeb/صورة رمز علم|Flag commune Sousse.svg}} [[Wp/aeb/سوسة (تونس)|سوسة]]<br />{{Wp/aeb/صورة رمز علم|Sfax CAC 2016.png}} [[Wp/aeb/صفاقس|صفاقس]] | لغة رسمية = [[Wp/aeb/اللغة العربية|اللغة العربية]] | لغة محلية = [[Wp/aeb/لهجة تونسية|دارجة تونسية]] (عامية)<br />[[Wp/aeb/اللغة الفرنسية|اللغة الفرنسية]] (إدارية، تجارية وتعليمية) | نوع اللغات = | لغات = | مجموعات عرقية = %98 [[Wp/aeb/عرب-بربر|عرب-بربر]]<br/>%1 [[Wp/aeb/مجموعات عرقية في أوروبا|أوروبيون]]<br/>%1 [[Wp/aeb/يهود|يهود]] | سنة المجموعات العرقية = 2021{{Wp/aeb/بحاجة لمصدر}} | تسمية المواطنين = [[Wp/aeb/تونسيون|تونسيون]] | تسمية السكان = | نظام الحكم = [[Wp/aeb/نظام رئاسي|نظام رئاسي]] و[[Wp/aeb/برلمان من مجلسين|برلمان من مجلسين]] | لقب أعلى منصب = [[Wp/aeb/رئيس الجمهورية التونسية|رئيس الجمهورية]] | اسم أعلى منصب = [[Wp/aeb/قيس سعيد|قيس سعيد]] | لقب الحاكم 2 = [[Wp/aeb/رئيس حكومة تونس|رئيس الحكومة]] | اسم الحاكم 2 = [[Wp/aeb/سارة زعفراني زنزري|سارة زعفراني زنزري]] | لقب الحاكم 3 = [[Wp/aeb/المجلس الوطني للجهات والأقاليم (تونس)|رئيس المجلس الوطني للجهات والأقاليم]] | اسم الحاكم 3 = [[Wp/aeb/عماد الدربالي|عماد الدربالي]] | لقب الحاكم 4 = [[Wp/aeb/رئيس مجلس نواب الشعب (تونس)|رئيس مجلس نواب الشعب]] | اسم الحاكم 4 = [[Wp/aeb/إبراهيم بودربالة|إبراهيم بودربالة]] | لقب الحاكم 5 = | اسم الحاكم 5 = | السلطة التشريعية = [[Wp/aeb/البرلمان التونسي|البرلمان التونسي]] | المجلس الأعلى = [[Wp/aeb/المجلس الوطني للجهات والأقاليم (تونس)|المجلس الوطني للجهات والأقاليم]] | المجلس الأدنى = [[Wp/aeb/مجلس نواب الشعب (تونس)|مجلس نواب الشعب]] | العضويات = {{Wp/aeb/Div-lirev | * [[Wp/aeb/الأمم المتحدة|الأمم المتحدة]] (منذ 12 نوفمبر 1956) * [[Wp/aeb/الوكالة الدولية للطاقة الذرية|الوكالة الدولية للطاقة الذرية]] (منذ 14 أكتوبر 1957) * [[Wp/aeb/اللجنة الأولمبية الدولية|اللجنة الأولمبية الدولية]] (منذ 23 سبتمبر 1957) * [[Wp/aeb/جامعة الدول العربية|جامعة الدول العربية]] (منذ 1 أكتوبر 1958) * [[Wp/aeb/حركة عدم الانحياز|حركة عدم الانحياز]] (منذ 1 سبتمبر 1961) * [[Wp/aeb/الاتحاد الإفريقي|الاتحاد الإفريقي]] (منذ 25 مايو 1963) * [[Wp/aeb/مجموعة ال77|مجموعة ال77]] (منذ 15 يونيو 1964) * [[Wp/aeb/منظمة التعاون الإسلامي|منظمة التعاون الإسلامي]] (منذ 25 سبتمبر 1969) * [[Wp/aeb/المنظمة الدولية للناطقين بالفرنسية|المنظمة الدولية للناطقين بالفرنسية]] (منذ 1970) * [[Wp/aeb/منظمة العالم الإسلامي للتربية والعلوم والثقافة|منظمة العالم الإسلامي للتربية والعلوم والثقافة]] (منذ 1982) * [[Wp/aeb/اتحاد المغرب العربي|اتحاد المغرب العربي]] (منذ 17 فبراير 1989) * [[Wp/aeb/منظمة التجارة العالمية|منظمة التجارة العالمية]] (منذ 29 مارس 1995) * [[Wp/aeb/تجمع دول الساحل والصحراء|تجمع دول الساحل والصحراء]] (منذ 2001) * [[Wp/aeb/الاتحاد من أجل المتوسط|الاتحاد من أجل المتوسط]] (منذ 13 يوليو 2008) * [[Wp/aeb/علاقات تونس والاتحاد الأوروبي|شريك متقدم مع الاتحاد الأوروبي]] (منذ 19 نوفمبر 2012) * [[Wp/aeb/حليف رئيسي خارج الناتو|حليف رئيسي خارج الناتو]] (منذ 2015) }} | نوع السيادة = التأسيس | ملاحظة السيادة = [[Wp/aeb/تاريخ تونس|التاريخ]] | حدث التأسيس 1 = [[Wp/aeb/حضارة قرطاجية|الحضارة القرطاجية]] | تاريخ الحدث 1 = [[Wp/aeb/814 ق م|814 ق م]]–[[Wp/aeb/146 ق م|146 ق م]] | حدث التأسيس 2 = [[Wp/aeb/الدولة الأغلبية|دولة الأغالبة]] | تاريخ الحدث 2 = [[Wp/aeb/800|800]]–[[Wp/aeb/909|909]] | حدث التأسيس 3 = [[Wp/aeb/الدولة الفاطمية|الدولة الفاطمية]] | تاريخ الحدث 3 = [[Wp/aeb/909|909]]–[[Wp/aeb/969|969]] | حدث التأسيس 4 = [[Wp/aeb/زيريون|زيريون]] | تاريخ الحدث 4 = [[Wp/aeb/972|972]]–[[Wp/aeb/1148|1148]] | حدث التأسيس 5 = [[Wp/aeb/الدولة الحفصية|الدولة الحفصية]] | تاريخ الحدث 5 = [[Wp/aeb/1207|1207]]–[[Wp/aeb/1574|1574]] | حدث التأسيس 6 = [[Wp/aeb/بايلك تونس|الدولة الحسينية]] | تاريخ الحدث 6 = [[Wp/aeb/1705|1705]]–[[Wp/aeb/1881|1881]] | حدث التأسيس 7 = [[Wp/aeb/الحماية الفرنسية في تونس|الحماية الفرنسية]] | تاريخ الحدث 7 = [[Wp/aeb/12 مايو|12 مايو]] [[Wp/aeb/1881|1881]] | حدث التأسيس 8 = [[Wp/aeb/إعلان استقلال تونس|إعلان الاستقلال]] | تاريخ الحدث 8 = [[Wp/aeb/20 مارس|20 مارس]] [[Wp/aeb/1956|1956]] | حدث التأسيس 9 = [[Wp/aeb/إعلان الجمهورية التونسية|إعلان الجمهورية]] | تاريخ الحدث 9 = [[Wp/aeb/25 يوليو|25 يوليو]] [[Wp/aeb/1957|1957]] | حدث التأسيس 10 = [[Wp/aeb/الثورة التونسية|الثورة التونسية]] | تاريخ الحدث 10 = [[Wp/aeb/17 ديسمبر|17 ديسمبر]] [[Wp/aeb/2010|2010]] | حدث التأسيس 11 = [[Wp/aeb/دستور تونس 2022|الجمهورية الثالثة]] | تاريخ التأسيس 11 = [[Wp/aeb/25 يوليو|25 يوليو]] [[Wp/aeb/2022|2022]] | ترتيب المساحة = 91 | مساحة كم2 = 163610 | نسبة المياه = 5.04 | بيانات المساحة 2 = | توقع عدد السكان = | ترتيب توقع عدد السكان = | سنة توقع عدد السكان = | تعداد السكان = 11،708،370 | سنة تعداد السكان = 2020 | ترتيب تعداد السكان = 81 | كثافة السكان كم2 = | ترتيب كثافة السكان = | الناتج المحلي الإجمالي = {{Wp/aeb/ارتفاع}} $149.184 مليار [[Wp/aeb/دولار أمريكي|$]] | ترتيب الناتج المحلي الإجمالي = 82 | سنة الناتج المحلي الإجمالي = 2023 | الناتج المحلي الإجمالي للفرد = {{Wp/aeb/ارتفاع}} $12,300 [[Wp/aeb/دولار أمريكي|$]] | ترتيب الناتج المحلي الإجمالي للفرد = | الناتج المحلي الإجمالي اسمي = $49.815 مليار{{Wp/aeb/ارتفاع}}<ref>{{Wp/aeb/استشهاد بويب|مسار=https://data.albankaldawli.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=TN|عنوان=إجمالي الناتج المحلي (القيمة الحالية بالدولار الأمريكي) - Tunisia / Data<!-- عنوان مولد بالبوت -->|تاريخ الوصول=2022-09-07| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20220907115928/https://data.albankaldawli.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=TN | تاريخ أرشيف = 7 سبتمبر 2022 }}</ref> | ترتيب الناتج المحلي الإجمالي اسمي = 92 | سنة الناتج المحلي الإجمالي اسمي = 2023 | الناتج المحلي الإجمالي اسمي للفرد = $4,071{{Wp/aeb/ارتفاع}} | ترتيب الناتج المحلي الإجمالي اسمي للفرد = | معامل جيني = 35.8 (<span style="color:#ffcc00;">متوسط</span>) | ترتيب معامل جيني = | سنة معامل جيني = 2017 | تصنيف معامل جيني = | مؤشر التنمية البشرية = {{Wp/aeb/ارتفاع}} 0.740 | ترتيب مؤشر التنمية البشرية = 95 | سنة مؤشر التنمية البشرية = | تصنيف مؤشر التنمية البشرية = <span style="color:#4CBB17;">عالية</span> | العملة = [[Wp/aeb/دينار تونسي|دينار تونسي]] | رمز العملة = (TND) | المنطقة الزمنية = | فرق التوقيت = GMT+01 | المنطقة الزمنية توقيت صيفي = | فرق التوقيت الصيفي = | ملاحظة التوقيت الصيفي = | شكال التاريخ = | جهة السير = | رمز الإنترنت = [[Wp/aeb/.tn|.tn]]<ref>{{Wp/aeb/استشهاد بويب | مسار = https://www.iana.org/reports/2010/tunis-report-16jul2010.html | عنوان = IANA — Report on the Delegation of تونس. ("Tunis") representing Tunisia in Arabic to Agence Tunisienne d’Internet | موقع = www.iana.org | تاريخ الوصول = 2021-09-18 | مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20210726152942/https://www.iana.org/reports/2010/tunis-report-16jul2010.html | تاريخ أرشيف = 26 يوليو 2021 }}</ref> | رمز الاتصال = | الطوارئ = 190 {{Wp/aeb/صغير|(خدمات طبية طارئة)}}<ref name="مولد تلقائيا3">{{Wp/aeb/استشهاد بويب | مسار = https://www.itu.int/net/itu-t/inrdb/e129_important_numbers.aspx | عنوان = ITU-T E.129 Important numbers | موقع = ITU | لغة = en | تاريخ الوصول = 2021-09-16 | مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20210701065454/https://www.itu.int/net/itu-t/inrdb/e129_important_numbers.aspx | تاريخ أرشيف = 1 يوليو 2021 }}</ref><br />198 {{Wp/aeb/صغير|([[Wp/aeb/الديوان الوطني للحماية المدنية (تونس)|الحماية المدنية]])}}<ref name="مولد تلقائيا3" /><br />193 {{Wp/aeb/صغير|([[Wp/aeb/الحرس الوطني (تونس)|الحرس الوطني]])}}<br />197 {{Wp/aeb/صغير|([[Wp/aeb/الشرطة التونسية|الشرطة]])}} | ملاحظات = | السلطة التنفيذية = [[Wp/aeb/حكومة تونس|حكومة تونس]] | تاريخ التأسيس = [[Wp/aeb/20 مارس|20 مارس]] [[Wp/aeb/1956|1956]] | البنك المركزي = [[Wp/aeb/البنك المركزي التونسي|البنك المركزي التونسي]] }} '''تونس'''، رسميا '''الجمهورية التونسية'''، هي دولة عربية جاية في شمال افريقيا في منطقة [[Wp/aeb/المغرب الاكبر|المغرب الاكبر]] وتحل عالبحر المتوسط. تونس عندها حدود مع [[Wp/aeb/الجزاير|الجزاير]] مالغرب ومع [[Wp/aeb/ليبيا|ليبيا]] مالشرق، وعندها زادا حدود بحرية مع [[Wp/aeb/اطاليا|اطاليا]] و[[Wp/aeb/مالطا|مالطا]] في الشمال الشرقي. تونس عندها مواقع اثرية تاريخية ترجع للعهد القرطاجي في القرن السادس قبل الميلاد، وفما زادا برشا بلايص يرجعو للعهد الروماني، ووحيد اخرين تعملو في العهد الاسلامي ومنها جامع الزيتونة في [[Wp/aeb/تونس العاصمة|تونس العاصمة]] وجامع [[Wp/aeb/عقبة بن نافع|عقبة بن نافع]] في [[Wp/aeb/القيروان|القيروان]]. تونس مساحتها 163610 كيلومتر مربع، وعدد السكان هو قرابت 12.1 مليون. تونس فيها الطرف الشرقي للجبال الاطلس والطرف الشمالي متاع الصحرا الكبرا اللي تغطي جز كبير من جنوب البلاد، و باقي الاراضي متاع تونس صالحة للزراعة. الساحل متاع تونس اللي طولو قرابت 1300 كيلومتر هو الاقتران بين الجز الشرقي والجز الغربي متاع البحر المتوسط. تونس فيها اكثر نقطة شمال في افريقيا وهي [[Wp/aeb/راس انجلة|راس انجلة]] في ولاية بنزرت. عاصمة تونس واكبر مدينة هي [[Wp/aeb/تونس العاصمة|تونس العاصمة]] اللي فيها اكثر من مليون ساكن. اللغة الرسمية متاع تونس هي [[Wp/aeb/العربي|العربي]]، اما اكثر لغة يستعملوها هي ال[[Wp/aeb/تونسي|تونسي]]، واللغة الفرنساوية مستعملة زادا برشا في التعليم والادارة. [[Category:Wp/aeb]] 7tvzu0rp562642sowmf20rw4hnkcit3 0 2864475 7374771 3889130 2026-10-26T09:22:11Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 7374771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:22, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] svu1i70q9frxvi74x1mx4q7856ox6q2 0 2864476 7374778 3889131 2026-10-26T09:27:46Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 7374778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:27, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] s00oq4w1qky3p0x76wj9jme1sb6ierg 10 2867970 7374346 5821086 2026-10-25T18:45:24Z ~2026-56905-08 2719960 7374346 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Trüsche Walchensee.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Ҡурты палыҡ]] '''Ҡурты палыҡ''' — таса сыута йәшәйтеген палыҡ, төптә йөсөп йөрөйтө. Таса сыуның пашҡа палыҡлары ҡышҡылыҡ йоҡласалар, ҡурты палыҡ у уаҡытны иңере йөрөй пашлайты. Йәйгелек це сыуның температурасы әр күтәрелгән градусҡа 12°С-тан артыҡ ҡуртының ҡәленә пәрәте. Аның өцөн у сыуның төбөнә мәңәте, сыуларның аҡмаларынта йөсәте. Олло түгел сыулыҡларта йылғаның ҡысҡацыларын ҡыуып ташлап ойаларына урнашаты, антайын нимә пулмаса, таш астыларға, йағын ағацларның тамыр астыларына йөсәте. Йәй пуйы йәшенер урыннарта ҡышлаған ма ҡатып ҡалғантай ҡәлле торатылар. Цәнтә пер төнлә, посоҡ көннәртә асыҡ эстәгәле цығатылар. У уаҡыт ҡурты палыҡ сыулап йылмайты, цын та сыуның төбөнтә йөсөнөп йөрөйтө. Йоғо аралашлы ҡуртыларның асыҡ эстәп цығыулары келәң түгел – көнкә ҡарап. Цығыу интерваллары атнатан кәнерәк та пулаты. Ша уаҡытны палыҡлар посоҡ көннө көтөп ацҡа йөрөйтөләр, көннәр сыуытыуны та көтәтеләр. Әгәр сыуның температурасы 21–22°С артыҡ күтәрелеп китсә ҡурты палыҡлар үләте. Ҡурты палыҡ салғым таса сыуларны йарататы. Wp/sty/Ҡурты палыҡ 43cc8hsyhhat12lk0tjxgsjvl0klakl 0 2868975 7374179 7362671 2026-10-25T12:25:21Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Île Saint-Paul banner.jpg|pgname=இந்தியப் பெருங்கடல்}} '''இந்தியப் பெருங்கடல்''' அல்லது '''இந்து மகாசமுத்திரம்''' என்பது உலகின் மூன்றாவது பெரிய நீர்த்தொகுதியாகும். இது, உலகப்பரப்பின் 20% பகுதியை உள்ளடக்கிக்கொண்டுள்ளது. இதன் வட பகுதியில் [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியா]] உட்பட [[Wy/ta/ஆசியா|ஆசியா]]; மேற்கில் [[Wy/ta/ஆபிரிக்கா|ஆபிரிக்கா]]; கிழக்கில் ஆஸ்திரேலியா; தெற்கில் தெற்குப் பெருங்கடல் (அல்லது, அன்டார்க்டிக்கா ஆகியன இதன் எல்லைகளாகும். இந்து சமுத்திரத்தின் முத்து என [[Wy/ta/இலங்கை|இலங்கை]]த் தீவு அழைக்கப்படுகின்றது. இக்கடல் அகுல்ஹஸ் முனையிலிருந்து தெற்காக ஓடும் 20° கிழக்குத் தீர்க்கரேகை மூலம் அட்லாண்டிக் பெருங்கடலிலிருந்தும், 147° கிழக்குத் தீர்க்கரேகை மூலம் பசிபிக் பெருங்கடலிலிருந்தும் பிரிக்கப்படுகின்றது. இதன் வடகோடி தோராயமாக பாரசீக வளைகுடாவிலுள்ள 30° வடக்கு அட்சரேகையாகும். ஆப்பிரிக்க மற்றும் ஆஸ்திரேலியாவின் தெற்கு முனைகளில் இந்தியப் பெருங்கடலின் அகலம் ஏறக்குறைய 10,000 கி.மீ. ஆகும். செங்கடல் மற்றும் பாரசீக வளைகுடாவை உள்ளடக்கிய இந்தியப் பெருங்கடலின் பரப்பளவு 73,556,000 ச.கி.மீ. ஆகும். சிறிய தீவுகள் கண்டங்களின் எல்லைகளை வரையறுக்கின்றன. மடகாஸ்கர், கொமொறோஸ், சிசிலீஸ், மாலத்தீவு, மொரீஷியஸ், ஆகிய தீவு நாடுகளை இக்கடல் உள்ளடக்குகிறது. [[Wy/ta/இந்தோனேசியா|இந்தோனேசியா]] இதன் ஒரு எல்லைப்பகுதியாக விளங்குகிறது. [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1239}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 6qia6ovlxdm6yinsn38f7npzy7wo6fc 10 2869571 7374460 6715794 2026-10-25T21:07:21Z Mano Paiva 1531006 7374460 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOEDITSECTION__<noinclude>[[Category:Wt/yrl/Tetama-itá|yrl]]</noinclude><includeonly>[[Category:Wt/yrl/Nheenga-itá]]</includeonly> ==<span style="color:#2554C7;">''Nheengatú''</span>== k34gm08sd26tcdjl4mrgq9sb6idpxmi 7374484 7374460 2026-10-26T01:04:29Z Mano Paiva 1531006 Alteração. 7374484 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOEDITSECTION__<noinclude>[[Category:Wt/yrl/Tetama-itá|yrl]]</noinclude><includeonly>[[Category:Wt/yrl/Nheenga-itá]]</includeonly> ==<span style="color:#2554C7;">[[File:OOjs UI-like arrow-ltr progressive.svg]] ''Nheengatú''</span>== bvtkypzpy80rvfo65q8yczbzrbvl2cb 10 2869573 7374462 6689251 2026-10-25T21:29:12Z Mano Paiva 1531006 Tradução. 7374462 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="color:#6b5a40;">'''kariwa nheenga'''</span> <noinclude>[[Category:Wt/yrl/Tetama-itá]]</noinclude> kj2bche2j6j1xw3h4qxdfhdo71inc9x 7374463 7374462 2026-10-25T21:30:34Z Mano Paiva 1531006 Correção. 7374463 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="color:#6b5a40;">'''kariwa nheenga''':</span> <noinclude>[[Category:Wt/yrl/Tetama-itá]]</noinclude> sgn66kkqdjw5fulji63frhhpefamnwz 7374464 7374463 2026-10-25T21:37:53Z Mano Paiva 1531006 Correção. 7374464 wikitext text/x-wiki [[kariwa nheenga|'''kariwa nheenga''']]:<noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Wt/yrl/Tetama-itá]]</noinclude> ojy8qsgk6lyl9mb7cikt3f3m6dosx1d 10 2869606 7374466 5500998 2026-10-25T21:42:53Z Mano Paiva 1531006 Correção. 7374466 wikitext text/x-wiki [[anglowara nheenga|'''anglowara nheenga''']]:<noinclude> <noinclude>[[Category:Wt/yrl/Tetama-itá]]</noinclude> i2jqgn7xteucj2n9r0n7rxssy9pi76z 0 2870232 7374779 5702209 2026-10-26T09:28:05Z ~2026-57132-97 2720128 7374779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|per [[Wy/ar/ويكي رحلات:صالة المسافرين|Travellers' Hub]]. [[Special:Contributions/~2026-57132-97|~2026-57132-97]] ([[User talk:~2026-57132-97|talk]]) 09:28, 26 October 2026 (UTC)}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] 8tc9dh9fjgq1dhbbpwdg5syzhaxup1j 0 2874246 7374292 3929082 2026-10-25T15:09:23Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/اوجاق دییشدیریلیر 7374292 wikitext text/x-wiki ==اوجاق== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #اؤجاق← بیر وسیله یئیه‌جک پیشیرماقیچی. #اؤجاق← آتا آنا ائوی. #اؤجاق← قدیم بیر نووع عبادت یئیری. # «دده قورقود کیتاب»دا ائو-ائشیک، يۇرد، طایفه، نسیل معناسیندادیر (اوجاغینگا بۇنونگ کیبی اؤورت گلمسون؛ اوغول، اوجاغیم ایسسیز قوما، کرم ائيله، وارما). «اوجاق» سؤزو قرب لهجه‌سینده طایفه، نسیل معناسینی عینیله ساخلاماقدادیر (بیزیم اوژاغا حرام تۆشمؤر. - بیزیم نسله حرام دۆشمور). [[File:Stove 02.jpg|thumb|245px|left|زوغال اؤجاقی]] {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : Ocaq *اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/stove|stove]] * تورکییه: اؤجاق * عربجه: * فارسجا : اجاق * باهار دیلی: اؤجاق [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/باهار دیله]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[Category:Wt/azb/گونئی آذربایجان سؤزجوکلری]] [[Category:Wt/azb/قوزئی آذربایجان سؤزجوکلری]] [[Category:Wt/azb/اسکی تورکجه]] [[Category:Wt/azb/دده قورقود سؤزجوکلری]] [[En:stove]] [[Fa:اجاق]] ldh8k45kgjnv7nkv5zcwna3fhqrkfg6 0 2880544 7374298 4268437 2026-10-25T15:38:39Z ~2026-56996-12 2719903 7374298 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sonam Kapoor at the sets of 'India Dancing Superstars'.jpg|thumb|सोनम कपूर]] '''सोनम कपूर''', जिणरो जलम 9 जून, 1985 नै भारतीय राज्य [[Wp/rwr/महाराष्ट्र|महाराष्ट्र]] रै [[Wp/rwr/मुम्बई|मुंबई]] शहर मांय हुयो हो, वा एक भारतीय अभिनेत्री है जिकी बॉलीवुड री फिल्मां मांय काम करै है। [[Category:Wp/rwr]] [[Category:Wp/rwr/हिन्दी अभिनेत्री]] [[Category:Wp/rwr/जीवित लोग]] [[Category:Wp/rwr/व्यक्तिगत जीवन]] ccfh9a0b7txzjapc1e6ckfi7hxwzbm0 0 2900901 7374794 4036851 2026-10-26T09:50:46Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/آداقلیق دییشدیریلیر 7374794 wikitext text/x-wiki == آداقلیق == {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} # {{Wt/azb/دیوان لغات الترک}}دیوان لغات الترک: آداقلیق← توی‌دان قاباق کوره‌کن گلین بیر بیرینَن دانیشیق ایلماق. #:ایککی‌سی آداقلیق‌دی‌له. {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : adaqlıq * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/espousal|espousal]] * تورکییه : آداقلیق * عربجه : * فارسجا: نامزدی * باهار دیلی: [[Wt/azb/آداخلو|آداخلو]] {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} # ''دیوان لغات الترک.رامیز عسگر.باکو'' 2006 # ''دکتر حسین محمدزاده صدیق(دوزگون) 1383'' [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[Category:Wt/azb/اسکی تورکجه]] [[Category:Wt/azb/دیوان لغات الترک]] [[En:espousal]] [[Fa:نامزدی]] 0ksf6u5yop0o33oljttb4s2367ro2ri 0 2901256 7374741 4037832 2026-10-26T08:35:15Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/آتلاندی دییشدیریلیر 7374741 wikitext text/x-wiki == آتلاندی == {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} # {{Wt/azb/دیوان لغات الترک}}دیوان لغات الترک: آتلاندی← حاصیلِ [[Wt/azb/آت|آت]]، [[Wt/azb/آتلان|آتلان]]، بیر یئردن آتلانماق، [[Wt/azb/دورار|دورار]] دان دوشماق← [[Wt/azb/آتلانتا|آتلانتا]]، [[Wt/azb/آتلانتیس|آتلانتیس]]. #آتلاندی← آتا میندی، [[Wt/azb/آت|آت]] اوسسین‌دا حاضیر اؤلدی. {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : atlandı * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/it flew off|it flew off]] * تورکییه : آتلاندی * عربجه : * فارسجا: پرید * باهار دیلی: [[Wt/azb/آتداننه|آتدانْنِه]] {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} # ''دیوان لغات الترک.رامیز عسگر.باکو'' 2006 # ''دکتر حسین محمدزاده صدیق(دوزگون) 1383'' [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[Category:Wt/azb/دیوان لغات الترک]] [[En:it flew off]] [[Fa:پرید]] 5da65jdi4ekqt2bkhhrawhoymyk04db 0 2914015 7374270 6839482 2026-10-25T14:20:44Z JumadilM 2556400 monambakang isi dang rujukanna 7374270 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Indonesia_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_IDN_-_UNOCHA-id.svg|thumb|Peta wilayana Indonesia (warna puti) dang nagara laing di sakitarna (warna abu-abu).]] '''Indonesia''' adalah sala satu nogara yang tormasuk dalang kawasang Asia Tonggara. Wilayana Indonesia borbontuk kopuloang yang moncakuk lima pulo bosar yaitu Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantang, Sulawesi dang Papua bosorta kopuloang di sakitarna. Bordasarkang pulo-pulo bosarna, wilayana Indonesia torbagi monjadi Kawasang Indonesia Barak dang Kawasang Indonesia Timur. Sona Wattu di Indonesia dibedakang monjadi tiga yaitu Wattu Indonesia Barak, Wattu Indonesia Tonga, dang Wattu Indonesia Timur. Wilayana Indonesia borbagi porbatasang darak dengang tiga nagara dang borbagi porbatasang lauk dengang sapulu nagara. Pamarentaang di Indonesia dipimping ole Parasideng Indonesia solaku kapala nagara dang kapala pamarentaang. Pamarentaang daera di Indonesia dipimping ole gubernur, wali kota dang bupati yang masing-masing bortanggung jawak atas daera sotingkak poropingsi, kota dang kabupateng di Indonesia. Jumalla pondudukna Indonesia mongalami portambaang sotiak dekade. Solama tahung 1961 hingga tahung 2020, jumalla pondudukna Indonesia bortamba dari sobanyak 97,1 orang monjadi sobanyak 270,2 juta orang. Pada tahung 2020, Indonesia monjadi nagara kaampak dengang jumalla ponduduk torbanyak di dunia. Pondudukna Indonesia tordiri dari boragang ras, suku, bahasa, agama dang adak istiadak. Pada tahung 2010, jumalla suku yang morupakang ponduduk Indonesia sobanyak 1.340 suku. == Wilaya dang porbatasang nagara == === Cakupang dang pombagiang wilaya === Indonesia tormasuk sala satu nagara dalang kawasang Asia Tonggara.<ref>Terry, H., dang Atua, Y. A. (Nopemberek 2023) ''[https://repository.penerbiteureka.com/media/publications/565603-buku-ajar-sejarah-asia-tenggara-54b20f0b.pdf Sejarah Asia Tenggara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Purbalingga: Eureka Media Aksara. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-623-151-828-6.</ref> Wilayana Indonesia borbontuk kopuloang.<ref>Araujo, Basilio Dias (2017). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Menghadirkan_negara_di_daerah_kepulauan/p4M9Odi6lQ4C?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Indonesia+negara+kepulauan&dq=Indonesia+negara+kepulauan&printsec=frontcover Menghadirkan Negara di Daerah Kepulauan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Komite I Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 2.</ref> Indonesia momiliki wilaya yang moncakuk lima pulo bosar yaitu Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantang, Sulawesi dang Papua bosorta dengang kopulauang di sakitar pulo-pulo bosar torsobuk.<ref>Agustin, Hendri (2015). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/The_Seven_Summits_of_Indonesia/xiYgEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Lima+pulau+besar+Indonesia&pg=PA3&printsec=frontcover The Seven Summits of Indonesia: Puncak Tertinggi di Tujuh Pulau/Kepulauan Besar Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogoyakarta: Penerbit ANDI. Hlm. 3. ISBN 978-979-29-8054-7.</ref> Jumalla pulo di Indonesia socara kosoluruang sabanyak 17.491 pulo.<ref>Triatmodjo, M, dkk. (Juli 2022). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pulau_Kepulauan_dan_Negara_Kepulauan/HXd8EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=jumlah+pulau+Indonesia&pg=PA88&printsec=frontcover Pulau, Kepulauan, dan Negara Kepulauan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Pras, Hadi. Salemang: Gadjah Mada Univeristy Press. Hlm. 88. ISBN 978-623-359-067-9.</ref> [[File:Map_of_Western_and_Eastern_Indonesia.png|thumb|Kawasang Indonesia Barak (biru) dang Kawasang Indonesia Timur (mera)]] Kawasang dalang wilayana Indonesia socara umung dibedakang monjadi Kawasang Indonesia Barak dang Kawasang Indonesia Timur.<ref>Asshiddiqie, Jimly (Januari 2010). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Konstitusi_ekonomi/yMZkXR4UrLYC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kawasan+Indonesia+Barat+dan+Timur&pg=PA284&printsec=frontcover Konstitusi Ekonomi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. Hlm. 284. ISBN 978-979-709-465-2.</ref> Kawasang Indonesia Barak moncakuk pulo Sumatera, Jawa dang Kalimantang sorta kopuloang di sakitar dang di antarana. Sadangkang Kawasang Indonesia Timur moncakuk pulo Sulawesi dang pulo Papua bosorta kopuloang di sakitar dang di antarana.<ref>Majelis Guru Besar Institut Teknologi Bandung (2017). ''[https://sith.itb.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2017/10/Buku_I.pdf Mengelola Risiko Bencana di Negara Maritim Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bandung: Lembaga Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ITB. Hlm. 31. <nowiki>ISBN 979-1344-77-9</nowiki>.</ref> Pulo Sumatera torlotak di bagiang barak kopuloang Indonesia dang momanjang dari ara barak lauk ke tonggara. Pada bagiang tonggarana Sumatera tordapak pulo Jawa yang momanjang dari ara barak ke timur. Di sobola utarana pulo Jawa dang sobola timurna pulo Sumatera tordapak pulo Kalimantang. Pada bagiang paling timurna Indonesia tordapak pulo Papua. Di antarana pulo Kalimantang dang pulo Papua tordapak pulo Sulawesi dang pulo-pulo kocil yang disobuk kopuloang Maluku. Di bagiang salatanna pulo Sulawesi dang kopuloang Maluku tordapak kopuloang Sunda Kocil yang torlotak antara sobola timurna pulo Jawa dang bonua Ostralia.<ref>Vlekke, Bernard. H. M. (Apirilik 2008) ''[[iarchive:nusantara-sejarah-indonesia/page/n3/mode/2up|Nusantara: Sejarah Indonesia]]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Rofiqi, Z., dang Bakti, M. S. [Nusantara: A History of Indonesia]. Ditorjomakang ole Berlian, Samsudin. Hlm. 1–2. ISBN 978-979-91-0107-5. </ref> [[File:Peta_provinsi_Indonesia.svg|thumb|Pota 38 poropingsi di Indonesia.]] Wilayana Indonesia torbagi monjadi boborapa daera dengang kodudukang sabagai poropingsi, kabupateng atau kota.Tiak poropingsi di Indonesia moncakuk boborapa kabupateng dang kota. Sobolung tahung 2000, Indonesia torbagi monjadi 27 poropingsi.<ref>Suryana, Dayat (2012). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Provinsi_Provinsi_Di_Indonesia/LMlyDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Provinsi-Provinsi di Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Hlm. 3. ISBN 978-148-012-226-0.</ref> Sojak tahung 2022, jumalla poropingsi di Indoneia sobanyak 38 poropingsi. Sadangkang jumalla kabupateng dan kota di Indonesia pada tahung 2022 sobanyak 514 kabupateng dang kota.<ref>Handoko, Priyo (2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Provinsi_Baru_Pasca_Reformasi_Jejak_Pust/zm8OEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=38+provinsi+Indonesia+tahun&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover Provinsi Baru Pasca Reformasi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bantul: Jejak Pustaka. Hlm. 20. ISBN 978-623-183-811-7.</ref> Bordasarkang sona wattu, wilayana poropingsi-poropingsi di Indonesia torbagi monjadi tiga sona wattu yaitu Wattu Indonesia Barak, Wattu Indonesia Tonga dang Wattu Indonesia Timur. Wattu Indonesia Barak moncakuk sobanyak 16 poropingsi di Indonesia. Wattu Indonesia Tonga moncakuk sobanyak 14 poropingsi di Indonesia. Sadangkang Wattu Indonesia Timur moncakuk sobanyak 8 poropingsi di Indonesia.<ref>Wijaya, E., dkk. (Apirilik 2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Ajar_Ekonometrika/UycDEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=38+provinsi+Indonesia+tahun&pg=PA87&printsec=frontcover Ekonometrika]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Efitra dang Safitri, N. Jambi: PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia. Hlm. 87. ISBN 978-623-8598-48-9.</ref> === Porbatasang nagara === Wilayana Indonesia borbatasang dengang sapulu nagara yaitu Malesia, Singapura, Pilipina, India, Pieknang, Tailang, Palau, Ostralia, Timor Leste dang Papua Nugini.<ref>Suprapto, Edy. (2021). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Peta_Risiko_Penyelundupan_di_Indonesia_M/slVFEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Perbatasan+laut+utara+Indonesia&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover Peta Risiko Penyelundupan di Indonesia: Memahami Latar Belakang Penyelundupan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 20.</ref> Porbatasang wilayana Indonesia dengang nagara laing dibedakang monjadi porbatasang darak dang porbatasang lauk.<ref>Muta'ali. L., dkk. (Mei 2018). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pengelolaan_Wilayah_Perbatasan_NKRI/6qlcDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Perbatasan+laut+Indonesia&pg=PA77&printsec=frontcover Pengelolaan wilayah perbatasan NKRI]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogoyakarta: Gadjah Mada University PressHlm. 77. ISBN 978-979-420-864-7.</ref> Daratanna Indonesia borbatasang dengang nagara Malesia, Papua Nugini dang Timor Leste. Sadangkang lauk wilayana Indonesia borbatasang dengang lauk sapulu nagara yaitu Malesia, Singapura, Pilipina, India, Pieknang, Tailang, Palau, Ostralia, Timor Leste dang Papua Nugini.<ref>Tallo, A. J., dkk. (Nopemberek 2020) ''[http://repository.uki.ac.id/4175/1/WajahBaruPerbatasanIndonesia.pdf Membangun Peradaban Berbasis Pariwisata]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Nasrudin, Moh. Pekalongang: PT. Nasya Expanding Management. Hlm. 169. ISBN 978-623-6906-00-2.</ref> ==== Porbatasang darak ==== Wilayana Indonesia borbagi porbatasang darak dengang Malaysia di pulo Kalimantang dang sobua pulo di bagiang timurna pulo Kalimantang yaitu pulo Sebatik.<ref>Wangke, Humphrey. (p.s.) (2017). ''[https://berkas.dpr.go.id/pusaka/files/buku_tim/buku-tim-public-75.pdf Kerja Sama Indonesia-Malaysia dalam Pengelolaan Perbatasan di Kalimantan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. Hlm. viii.</ref><ref>Pusat Data dan Analisa Tempo (2019). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Konflik_Perbatasan_Indonesia_den/caTODwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Perbatasan+Indonesia+Malaysia+Pulau+Sebatik&pg=PA57&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Konflik Perbatasan Indonesia dengan Malaysia Seri III]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Tempo Publishing. Hlm. 57. ISBN 978-623-207-603-7.</ref> Porbatasang darak Indonesia dengang Papua Nugini torlotak di pulo Papua.<ref>Fathir Fajar Sidiq (Januari 2021). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Menyigi_Batas_Negeri/ktqOEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Perbatasan+Indonesia+Papua+Nugini+pulau+Papua&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover Menyigi Batas Negeri: Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Koordinasi Pengelolaan Batas Wilayah Negara Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hapsara, Adhi Pandoyo. Salemang: Bintang Pustaka Madani. Hlm. 29. ISBN</ref> Sadangkang porbatasang darak antara wilayana Indonesia dengang Timor Leste torlotak di pulo Timor. Indonesia monguasai wilaya bagiang barakna pulo Timor dang Timor Leste monguasai bagiang timurna pulo Timor.<ref>Wilonotomo, dkk. (Desemberek 2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Imigrasi_dan_Perbatasan_Indonesia_Pascap/-39DEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Perbatasan+Indonesia+Timor+Leste+Pulau+Timor&pg=PA259&printsec=frontcover Imigrasi dan Perbatasan Indonesia Pascapandemi: Tantangan, Inovasi, dan Solusi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Arifin, R., dang Okterano, Y. Jakarta Salatang: Direkrotak Janeralak Imigarasi, Kamantariang Hukung dang Hak Asasi Manusia. Hlm. 259. ISBN 978-602-51291-5-5.</ref> ==== Porbatasang lauk ==== Indonesia mombontuk porbatasang lauk dengang sapulu nagara molalui kopomilikang torhadak saratus sabalas pulo torluar di kawasang porbatasanna.<ref>Pugu, M. R., dang Manullang, E. V. (2025). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/MODEL_PENGELOLAAN_PERBATASAN_LAUT_DAN_PE/NvxzEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=jumlah+pulau+Indonesia&pg=PA15&printsec=frontcover Model Pengelolaan Perbatasan Laut dan Pembangunan Pulau Terluar di Provinsi Papua Barat Daya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 15. ISBN 978-623-01-4849-1.</ref> Porbatasang lauk antara Indonesia dang Malesia torlotak di selak Malaka, lauk Tiongkok Salatang, dang lauk Sulawesi. Porbatasang lauk antara Indonesia dang Singapura torlotak di selak Malaka dang selak Singapura. Porbatasang lauk antara Indonesia dang Tailang torlotak di selak Malaka dang lauk Andamang. Porbatasang lauk antara Indonesia dang Pieknang torlotak di lauk Tiongkok Salatang. Porbatasang lauk antara Indonesia dang Pilipina torlotak di lauk Tiongkok Salatang dang lauk Sulawesi.<ref>Wahono dang Atsar, A. (Desemberek 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Ajar_Pendidikan_Pancasila_Dan_Kewar/tJNpEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=barat+ke+timur+Indonesia&pg=PA37&printsec=frontcover Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Syafii, Muhammad. Salemang: Penerbit Deepublish. Hlm. 37. ISBN 978-623-02-0719-8.</ref> Sadangkang porbatasang lauk antara Indonesia dang Palau torlotak di bagiang utara pulo Papua dalang wilayana Indonesia.<ref>Arsana, I Made Andi (2007). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Batas_Maritim_Antarnegara/w7tTDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Perbatasan+Indonesia+Palau&pg=PA150&printsec=frontcover Batas Maritim Antarnegara: Sebuah Tinjauan Teknis dan Yuridis]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 149–150. Yogoyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. ISBN 979-420-653-9.</ref> == Pamarentaang == [[File:Prabowo_Subianto_2024_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Poto rasmina Prabowo Subianto sabagai Parasideng Indonesia sojak tahung 2024 M.]] Indonesia morupakang nagara kosatuang yang pamarentaanna borbontuk republik.<ref>Amalia, M., dkk. (Januari 2025) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Referensi_Pengantar_Hukum_Indonesia/BoA9EQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Indonesia+negara+kesatuan&pg=PA79&printsec=frontcover Pengantar Hukum Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Sepriano. Jambi: PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia. Hlm. 79. ISBN 978-623-514-399-6.</ref> Pamarentaang di Indonesia dipimping ole seorang parasideng yang borkodudukang sabagai kapala nagara sokaligus kapala pamarentaang. Parasideng Indonesia yang portama adala Sukarno.<ref>Damond, Jared (Agustusuk 2022). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Upheaval/j6WBEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Upheaval&printsec=frontcover Upheaval: Titik Balik Bangsa-bangsa Usai Menghadapi Krisis]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Primanda, Andya. [''Upheaval''] Ditorjomakang dari bahasa Inggiris ole Palar, Damaring Tyas Wulandari. Hlm. 444. ISBN 978-602-481-849-4.</ref> Pada tahung 2026, jumalla ponjabak Parasideng Indonesia sobanyak dalapang orang mulai dari Sukarno hingga Prabowo Subianto.<ref>Wijaya, Ferry Sutrisna (2026) ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=dZWrEQAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA36&dq=Delapan+presiden+Indonesia&hl=id&source=newbks_fb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Delapan%20presiden%20Indonesia&f=false Natal di Tengah Luka Bangsa: Dari Sumatera hingga Papua]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bandung: Integral Ecology Institute. Hlm. 36.</ref> Pamarentaang di Indonesia tordiri dari pamarentaang pusak dang pamarentaang daera. Pamarentaang pusak borkodudukang sabagai pamarentaang tortinggi di Indonesia. Sadangkang pamarentaang daera morupakang porwakilang pamarentaang pusak di daera-daera di Indonesia. Pamarentaang daera di Indonesia torbagi monjadi pamarentaang sotingkak poropingsi, kabupateng dang kota. Pamarentaang sotingkak poropingsi dipimping ole kapala daera yang disobuk gubernur.<ref>Raharusun, Yohanis Anton (2021). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Desentralisasi_Asimetrik_dalam_Perspekti/U4tpEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Pemerintahan+daerah+Indonesia+provinsi,+kabupaten+kota&pg=PA233&printsec=frontcover Desentralisasi asimetrik dalam perspektif Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia: Format Pengaturan Asimetrik Yogyakarta, Aceh, dan Papua]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Depok: Rajawali Pers. Hlm. 233. ISBN 978-623-08-0536-3.</ref> Pomimping tortinggi pamarentaang daera sotingkak kota di Indonesia disobuk wali kota dang pomimping tortinggi pamarentaang daera sotingkak kabupateng di Indonesia disobuk bupati. Masing-masing wali kota dang bupati di Indonesia mongatur wilayana yang torbagi lagi monjadi boborapa kacamatang. Tiak kocamatang dipimping ole seorang camak yang bortanggung jawak atas pamarentaang di wlaana kopada wali kota atau bupati pada daerana masing-masing.<ref>Setiawan, Irfan. (Juni 2018). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Handbook_Pemerintahan_Daerah/oJBiDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Pemerintahan+daerah+Walikota+Bupati&pg=PA130&printsec=frontcover Handbook Pemerintahan Daerah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole Wahana Resolusi. Hlm. 130. ISBN 978-602-577-518-5.</ref> == Kopondudukang == === Jumalla === Jumalla pondudukna Indonesia mongalami portambaang sotiak dekade. Pada tahung 1961, jumalla pondudukna Indonesia sobanyak 97,1 orang. Komudiang pada tahung 1971, jumalla pondudukna Indonesia sobanyak 119,2 juta orang. Pada tahung 1980, jumalla pondudukna Indonesia sobanyak 146,9 juta orang. Komudiang pada tahung 1990, jumalla pondudukna Indonesia sobanyak 178,5 juta orang. Pondudukna Indonesia juga bortamba jumallana pada tahung 2000 monjadi sobanyak 205,1 juta orang.<ref>Majid, Ruslan (Oktoberek 2021). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Dasar_Kependudukan/qFFPEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=penduduk+Indonesia&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover Dasar Kependudukan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Nasrudin, Moh. Hlm. 52. Penerbit NEM. ISBN 978-623-5668-36-9.</ref> Komudiang pada tahung 2020, jumalla ponduduk di Indonesia sakitar 270,2 juta orang. Jumalla torsobuk monjadikang Indonesia sabagai nogara dengang jumalla ponduduk torbanyak kaampak di dunia pada tahung 2020.<ref>Sumampow, Z. F., dang Mangangantung, J. (Marek 2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pembangunan_berwawasan_lingkungan_perspe/63AJEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Penduduk+Indonesia&pg=PA44&printsec=frontcover Pembangunan Berwawasan Lingkungan: Perspektif Pendidikan Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Selat Media. Hlm. 44.</ref> === Koragamang === Pondudukna Indonesia tordiri dari boragang ras, suku, bahasa, agama dang adak istiadak.<ref>Akhmad, Nurul (2019). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedia_Keragaman_Budaya/wUDYDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=keberagaman+penduduk+Indonesia&pg=PA32&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedia Keragaman Budaya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Ida dang Rini. Semarang: Alprin. Hlm. 32. ISBN 978-623-263-067-3.</ref> Sobagiang bosar pondudukna Indonesia borasal dari ras Mongoloik. Sadangkang sobagiang ponduduk Indonesia di kawasang Indonesia Timur borasal dari ras Melanesia dang ras Negroik. Pada tahung 2010, jumalla suku yang morupakang ponduduk Indonesia sobanyak 1.340 suku.<ref>Maryani, D., dang Nainggolan, R. R. E. (Oktoberek 2019). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pemberdayaan_Masyarakat/8yJYEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=suku+penduduk+Indonesia&pg=PA64&printsec=frontcover Pemberdayaan Masyarakat]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Salemang: Deepublish. Hlm. 64. ISBN 978-623-02-0097-7.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|Q252}} [[Category:Wp/mfp]] s8u2g8170oz6qifjpz8qh21bn67zyls 7374271 7374270 2026-10-25T14:21:18Z JumadilM 2556400 removed [[Category:Wp/mfp]]; added [[Category:Wp/mfp/Nagara di Asia Tonggara]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7374271 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Indonesia_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_IDN_-_UNOCHA-id.svg|thumb|Peta wilayana Indonesia (warna puti) dang nagara laing di sakitarna (warna abu-abu).]] '''Indonesia''' adalah sala satu nogara yang tormasuk dalang kawasang Asia Tonggara. Wilayana Indonesia borbontuk kopuloang yang moncakuk lima pulo bosar yaitu Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantang, Sulawesi dang Papua bosorta kopuloang di sakitarna. Bordasarkang pulo-pulo bosarna, wilayana Indonesia torbagi monjadi Kawasang Indonesia Barak dang Kawasang Indonesia Timur. Sona Wattu di Indonesia dibedakang monjadi tiga yaitu Wattu Indonesia Barak, Wattu Indonesia Tonga, dang Wattu Indonesia Timur. Wilayana Indonesia borbagi porbatasang darak dengang tiga nagara dang borbagi porbatasang lauk dengang sapulu nagara. Pamarentaang di Indonesia dipimping ole Parasideng Indonesia solaku kapala nagara dang kapala pamarentaang. Pamarentaang daera di Indonesia dipimping ole gubernur, wali kota dang bupati yang masing-masing bortanggung jawak atas daera sotingkak poropingsi, kota dang kabupateng di Indonesia. Jumalla pondudukna Indonesia mongalami portambaang sotiak dekade. Solama tahung 1961 hingga tahung 2020, jumalla pondudukna Indonesia bortamba dari sobanyak 97,1 orang monjadi sobanyak 270,2 juta orang. Pada tahung 2020, Indonesia monjadi nagara kaampak dengang jumalla ponduduk torbanyak di dunia. Pondudukna Indonesia tordiri dari boragang ras, suku, bahasa, agama dang adak istiadak. Pada tahung 2010, jumalla suku yang morupakang ponduduk Indonesia sobanyak 1.340 suku. == Wilaya dang porbatasang nagara == === Cakupang dang pombagiang wilaya === Indonesia tormasuk sala satu nagara dalang kawasang Asia Tonggara.<ref>Terry, H., dang Atua, Y. A. (Nopemberek 2023) ''[https://repository.penerbiteureka.com/media/publications/565603-buku-ajar-sejarah-asia-tenggara-54b20f0b.pdf Sejarah Asia Tenggara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Purbalingga: Eureka Media Aksara. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-623-151-828-6.</ref> Wilayana Indonesia borbontuk kopuloang.<ref>Araujo, Basilio Dias (2017). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Menghadirkan_negara_di_daerah_kepulauan/p4M9Odi6lQ4C?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Indonesia+negara+kepulauan&dq=Indonesia+negara+kepulauan&printsec=frontcover Menghadirkan Negara di Daerah Kepulauan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Komite I Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 2.</ref> Indonesia momiliki wilaya yang moncakuk lima pulo bosar yaitu Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantang, Sulawesi dang Papua bosorta dengang kopulauang di sakitar pulo-pulo bosar torsobuk.<ref>Agustin, Hendri (2015). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/The_Seven_Summits_of_Indonesia/xiYgEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Lima+pulau+besar+Indonesia&pg=PA3&printsec=frontcover The Seven Summits of Indonesia: Puncak Tertinggi di Tujuh Pulau/Kepulauan Besar Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogoyakarta: Penerbit ANDI. Hlm. 3. ISBN 978-979-29-8054-7.</ref> Jumalla pulo di Indonesia socara kosoluruang sabanyak 17.491 pulo.<ref>Triatmodjo, M, dkk. (Juli 2022). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pulau_Kepulauan_dan_Negara_Kepulauan/HXd8EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=jumlah+pulau+Indonesia&pg=PA88&printsec=frontcover Pulau, Kepulauan, dan Negara Kepulauan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Pras, Hadi. Salemang: Gadjah Mada Univeristy Press. Hlm. 88. ISBN 978-623-359-067-9.</ref> [[File:Map_of_Western_and_Eastern_Indonesia.png|thumb|Kawasang Indonesia Barak (biru) dang Kawasang Indonesia Timur (mera)]] Kawasang dalang wilayana Indonesia socara umung dibedakang monjadi Kawasang Indonesia Barak dang Kawasang Indonesia Timur.<ref>Asshiddiqie, Jimly (Januari 2010). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Konstitusi_ekonomi/yMZkXR4UrLYC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kawasan+Indonesia+Barat+dan+Timur&pg=PA284&printsec=frontcover Konstitusi Ekonomi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. Hlm. 284. ISBN 978-979-709-465-2.</ref> Kawasang Indonesia Barak moncakuk pulo Sumatera, Jawa dang Kalimantang sorta kopuloang di sakitar dang di antarana. Sadangkang Kawasang Indonesia Timur moncakuk pulo Sulawesi dang pulo Papua bosorta kopuloang di sakitar dang di antarana.<ref>Majelis Guru Besar Institut Teknologi Bandung (2017). ''[https://sith.itb.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2017/10/Buku_I.pdf Mengelola Risiko Bencana di Negara Maritim Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bandung: Lembaga Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ITB. Hlm. 31. <nowiki>ISBN 979-1344-77-9</nowiki>.</ref> Pulo Sumatera torlotak di bagiang barak kopuloang Indonesia dang momanjang dari ara barak lauk ke tonggara. Pada bagiang tonggarana Sumatera tordapak pulo Jawa yang momanjang dari ara barak ke timur. Di sobola utarana pulo Jawa dang sobola timurna pulo Sumatera tordapak pulo Kalimantang. Pada bagiang paling timurna Indonesia tordapak pulo Papua. Di antarana pulo Kalimantang dang pulo Papua tordapak pulo Sulawesi dang pulo-pulo kocil yang disobuk kopuloang Maluku. Di bagiang salatanna pulo Sulawesi dang kopuloang Maluku tordapak kopuloang Sunda Kocil yang torlotak antara sobola timurna pulo Jawa dang bonua Ostralia.<ref>Vlekke, Bernard. H. M. (Apirilik 2008) ''[[iarchive:nusantara-sejarah-indonesia/page/n3/mode/2up|Nusantara: Sejarah Indonesia]]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Rofiqi, Z., dang Bakti, M. S. [Nusantara: A History of Indonesia]. Ditorjomakang ole Berlian, Samsudin. Hlm. 1–2. ISBN 978-979-91-0107-5. </ref> [[File:Peta_provinsi_Indonesia.svg|thumb|Pota 38 poropingsi di Indonesia.]] Wilayana Indonesia torbagi monjadi boborapa daera dengang kodudukang sabagai poropingsi, kabupateng atau kota.Tiak poropingsi di Indonesia moncakuk boborapa kabupateng dang kota. Sobolung tahung 2000, Indonesia torbagi monjadi 27 poropingsi.<ref>Suryana, Dayat (2012). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Provinsi_Provinsi_Di_Indonesia/LMlyDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Provinsi-Provinsi di Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Hlm. 3. ISBN 978-148-012-226-0.</ref> Sojak tahung 2022, jumalla poropingsi di Indoneia sobanyak 38 poropingsi. Sadangkang jumalla kabupateng dan kota di Indonesia pada tahung 2022 sobanyak 514 kabupateng dang kota.<ref>Handoko, Priyo (2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Provinsi_Baru_Pasca_Reformasi_Jejak_Pust/zm8OEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=38+provinsi+Indonesia+tahun&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover Provinsi Baru Pasca Reformasi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bantul: Jejak Pustaka. Hlm. 20. ISBN 978-623-183-811-7.</ref> Bordasarkang sona wattu, wilayana poropingsi-poropingsi di Indonesia torbagi monjadi tiga sona wattu yaitu Wattu Indonesia Barak, Wattu Indonesia Tonga dang Wattu Indonesia Timur. Wattu Indonesia Barak moncakuk sobanyak 16 poropingsi di Indonesia. Wattu Indonesia Tonga moncakuk sobanyak 14 poropingsi di Indonesia. Sadangkang Wattu Indonesia Timur moncakuk sobanyak 8 poropingsi di Indonesia.<ref>Wijaya, E., dkk. (Apirilik 2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Ajar_Ekonometrika/UycDEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=38+provinsi+Indonesia+tahun&pg=PA87&printsec=frontcover Ekonometrika]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Efitra dang Safitri, N. Jambi: PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia. Hlm. 87. ISBN 978-623-8598-48-9.</ref> === Porbatasang nagara === Wilayana Indonesia borbatasang dengang sapulu nagara yaitu Malesia, Singapura, Pilipina, India, Pieknang, Tailang, Palau, Ostralia, Timor Leste dang Papua Nugini.<ref>Suprapto, Edy. (2021). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Peta_Risiko_Penyelundupan_di_Indonesia_M/slVFEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Perbatasan+laut+utara+Indonesia&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover Peta Risiko Penyelundupan di Indonesia: Memahami Latar Belakang Penyelundupan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 20.</ref> Porbatasang wilayana Indonesia dengang nagara laing dibedakang monjadi porbatasang darak dang porbatasang lauk.<ref>Muta'ali. L., dkk. (Mei 2018). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pengelolaan_Wilayah_Perbatasan_NKRI/6qlcDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Perbatasan+laut+Indonesia&pg=PA77&printsec=frontcover Pengelolaan wilayah perbatasan NKRI]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogoyakarta: Gadjah Mada University PressHlm. 77. ISBN 978-979-420-864-7.</ref> Daratanna Indonesia borbatasang dengang nagara Malesia, Papua Nugini dang Timor Leste. Sadangkang lauk wilayana Indonesia borbatasang dengang lauk sapulu nagara yaitu Malesia, Singapura, Pilipina, India, Pieknang, Tailang, Palau, Ostralia, Timor Leste dang Papua Nugini.<ref>Tallo, A. J., dkk. (Nopemberek 2020) ''[http://repository.uki.ac.id/4175/1/WajahBaruPerbatasanIndonesia.pdf Membangun Peradaban Berbasis Pariwisata]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Nasrudin, Moh. Pekalongang: PT. Nasya Expanding Management. Hlm. 169. ISBN 978-623-6906-00-2.</ref> ==== Porbatasang darak ==== Wilayana Indonesia borbagi porbatasang darak dengang Malaysia di pulo Kalimantang dang sobua pulo di bagiang timurna pulo Kalimantang yaitu pulo Sebatik.<ref>Wangke, Humphrey. (p.s.) (2017). ''[https://berkas.dpr.go.id/pusaka/files/buku_tim/buku-tim-public-75.pdf Kerja Sama Indonesia-Malaysia dalam Pengelolaan Perbatasan di Kalimantan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. Hlm. viii.</ref><ref>Pusat Data dan Analisa Tempo (2019). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Konflik_Perbatasan_Indonesia_den/caTODwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Perbatasan+Indonesia+Malaysia+Pulau+Sebatik&pg=PA57&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Konflik Perbatasan Indonesia dengan Malaysia Seri III]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Tempo Publishing. Hlm. 57. ISBN 978-623-207-603-7.</ref> Porbatasang darak Indonesia dengang Papua Nugini torlotak di pulo Papua.<ref>Fathir Fajar Sidiq (Januari 2021). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Menyigi_Batas_Negeri/ktqOEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Perbatasan+Indonesia+Papua+Nugini+pulau+Papua&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover Menyigi Batas Negeri: Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Koordinasi Pengelolaan Batas Wilayah Negara Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hapsara, Adhi Pandoyo. Salemang: Bintang Pustaka Madani. Hlm. 29. ISBN</ref> Sadangkang porbatasang darak antara wilayana Indonesia dengang Timor Leste torlotak di pulo Timor. Indonesia monguasai wilaya bagiang barakna pulo Timor dang Timor Leste monguasai bagiang timurna pulo Timor.<ref>Wilonotomo, dkk. (Desemberek 2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Imigrasi_dan_Perbatasan_Indonesia_Pascap/-39DEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Perbatasan+Indonesia+Timor+Leste+Pulau+Timor&pg=PA259&printsec=frontcover Imigrasi dan Perbatasan Indonesia Pascapandemi: Tantangan, Inovasi, dan Solusi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Arifin, R., dang Okterano, Y. Jakarta Salatang: Direkrotak Janeralak Imigarasi, Kamantariang Hukung dang Hak Asasi Manusia. Hlm. 259. ISBN 978-602-51291-5-5.</ref> ==== Porbatasang lauk ==== Indonesia mombontuk porbatasang lauk dengang sapulu nagara molalui kopomilikang torhadak saratus sabalas pulo torluar di kawasang porbatasanna.<ref>Pugu, M. R., dang Manullang, E. V. (2025). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/MODEL_PENGELOLAAN_PERBATASAN_LAUT_DAN_PE/NvxzEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=jumlah+pulau+Indonesia&pg=PA15&printsec=frontcover Model Pengelolaan Perbatasan Laut dan Pembangunan Pulau Terluar di Provinsi Papua Barat Daya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 15. ISBN 978-623-01-4849-1.</ref> Porbatasang lauk antara Indonesia dang Malesia torlotak di selak Malaka, lauk Tiongkok Salatang, dang lauk Sulawesi. Porbatasang lauk antara Indonesia dang Singapura torlotak di selak Malaka dang selak Singapura. Porbatasang lauk antara Indonesia dang Tailang torlotak di selak Malaka dang lauk Andamang. Porbatasang lauk antara Indonesia dang Pieknang torlotak di lauk Tiongkok Salatang. Porbatasang lauk antara Indonesia dang Pilipina torlotak di lauk Tiongkok Salatang dang lauk Sulawesi.<ref>Wahono dang Atsar, A. (Desemberek 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Ajar_Pendidikan_Pancasila_Dan_Kewar/tJNpEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=barat+ke+timur+Indonesia&pg=PA37&printsec=frontcover Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Syafii, Muhammad. Salemang: Penerbit Deepublish. Hlm. 37. ISBN 978-623-02-0719-8.</ref> Sadangkang porbatasang lauk antara Indonesia dang Palau torlotak di bagiang utara pulo Papua dalang wilayana Indonesia.<ref>Arsana, I Made Andi (2007). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Batas_Maritim_Antarnegara/w7tTDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Perbatasan+Indonesia+Palau&pg=PA150&printsec=frontcover Batas Maritim Antarnegara: Sebuah Tinjauan Teknis dan Yuridis]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 149–150. Yogoyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. ISBN 979-420-653-9.</ref> == Pamarentaang == [[File:Prabowo_Subianto_2024_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Poto rasmina Prabowo Subianto sabagai Parasideng Indonesia sojak tahung 2024 M.]] Indonesia morupakang nagara kosatuang yang pamarentaanna borbontuk republik.<ref>Amalia, M., dkk. (Januari 2025) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Referensi_Pengantar_Hukum_Indonesia/BoA9EQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Indonesia+negara+kesatuan&pg=PA79&printsec=frontcover Pengantar Hukum Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Sepriano. Jambi: PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia. Hlm. 79. ISBN 978-623-514-399-6.</ref> Pamarentaang di Indonesia dipimping ole seorang parasideng yang borkodudukang sabagai kapala nagara sokaligus kapala pamarentaang. Parasideng Indonesia yang portama adala Sukarno.<ref>Damond, Jared (Agustusuk 2022). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Upheaval/j6WBEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Upheaval&printsec=frontcover Upheaval: Titik Balik Bangsa-bangsa Usai Menghadapi Krisis]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Primanda, Andya. [''Upheaval''] Ditorjomakang dari bahasa Inggiris ole Palar, Damaring Tyas Wulandari. Hlm. 444. ISBN 978-602-481-849-4.</ref> Pada tahung 2026, jumalla ponjabak Parasideng Indonesia sobanyak dalapang orang mulai dari Sukarno hingga Prabowo Subianto.<ref>Wijaya, Ferry Sutrisna (2026) ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=dZWrEQAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA36&dq=Delapan+presiden+Indonesia&hl=id&source=newbks_fb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Delapan%20presiden%20Indonesia&f=false Natal di Tengah Luka Bangsa: Dari Sumatera hingga Papua]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bandung: Integral Ecology Institute. Hlm. 36.</ref> Pamarentaang di Indonesia tordiri dari pamarentaang pusak dang pamarentaang daera. Pamarentaang pusak borkodudukang sabagai pamarentaang tortinggi di Indonesia. Sadangkang pamarentaang daera morupakang porwakilang pamarentaang pusak di daera-daera di Indonesia. Pamarentaang daera di Indonesia torbagi monjadi pamarentaang sotingkak poropingsi, kabupateng dang kota. Pamarentaang sotingkak poropingsi dipimping ole kapala daera yang disobuk gubernur.<ref>Raharusun, Yohanis Anton (2021). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Desentralisasi_Asimetrik_dalam_Perspekti/U4tpEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Pemerintahan+daerah+Indonesia+provinsi,+kabupaten+kota&pg=PA233&printsec=frontcover Desentralisasi asimetrik dalam perspektif Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia: Format Pengaturan Asimetrik Yogyakarta, Aceh, dan Papua]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Depok: Rajawali Pers. Hlm. 233. ISBN 978-623-08-0536-3.</ref> Pomimping tortinggi pamarentaang daera sotingkak kota di Indonesia disobuk wali kota dang pomimping tortinggi pamarentaang daera sotingkak kabupateng di Indonesia disobuk bupati. Masing-masing wali kota dang bupati di Indonesia mongatur wilayana yang torbagi lagi monjadi boborapa kacamatang. Tiak kocamatang dipimping ole seorang camak yang bortanggung jawak atas pamarentaang di wlaana kopada wali kota atau bupati pada daerana masing-masing.<ref>Setiawan, Irfan. (Juni 2018). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Handbook_Pemerintahan_Daerah/oJBiDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Pemerintahan+daerah+Walikota+Bupati&pg=PA130&printsec=frontcover Handbook Pemerintahan Daerah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole Wahana Resolusi. Hlm. 130. ISBN 978-602-577-518-5.</ref> == Kopondudukang == === Jumalla === Jumalla pondudukna Indonesia mongalami portambaang sotiak dekade. Pada tahung 1961, jumalla pondudukna Indonesia sobanyak 97,1 orang. Komudiang pada tahung 1971, jumalla pondudukna Indonesia sobanyak 119,2 juta orang. Pada tahung 1980, jumalla pondudukna Indonesia sobanyak 146,9 juta orang. Komudiang pada tahung 1990, jumalla pondudukna Indonesia sobanyak 178,5 juta orang. Pondudukna Indonesia juga bortamba jumallana pada tahung 2000 monjadi sobanyak 205,1 juta orang.<ref>Majid, Ruslan (Oktoberek 2021). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Dasar_Kependudukan/qFFPEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=penduduk+Indonesia&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover Dasar Kependudukan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Nasrudin, Moh. Hlm. 52. Penerbit NEM. ISBN 978-623-5668-36-9.</ref> Komudiang pada tahung 2020, jumalla ponduduk di Indonesia sakitar 270,2 juta orang. Jumalla torsobuk monjadikang Indonesia sabagai nogara dengang jumalla ponduduk torbanyak kaampak di dunia pada tahung 2020.<ref>Sumampow, Z. F., dang Mangangantung, J. (Marek 2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pembangunan_berwawasan_lingkungan_perspe/63AJEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Penduduk+Indonesia&pg=PA44&printsec=frontcover Pembangunan Berwawasan Lingkungan: Perspektif Pendidikan Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Selat Media. Hlm. 44.</ref> === Koragamang === Pondudukna Indonesia tordiri dari boragang ras, suku, bahasa, agama dang adak istiadak.<ref>Akhmad, Nurul (2019). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedia_Keragaman_Budaya/wUDYDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=keberagaman+penduduk+Indonesia&pg=PA32&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedia Keragaman Budaya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Ida dang Rini. Semarang: Alprin. Hlm. 32. ISBN 978-623-263-067-3.</ref> Sobagiang bosar pondudukna Indonesia borasal dari ras Mongoloik. Sadangkang sobagiang ponduduk Indonesia di kawasang Indonesia Timur borasal dari ras Melanesia dang ras Negroik. Pada tahung 2010, jumalla suku yang morupakang ponduduk Indonesia sobanyak 1.340 suku.<ref>Maryani, D., dang Nainggolan, R. R. E. (Oktoberek 2019). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pemberdayaan_Masyarakat/8yJYEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=suku+penduduk+Indonesia&pg=PA64&printsec=frontcover Pemberdayaan Masyarakat]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Salemang: Deepublish. Hlm. 64. ISBN 978-623-02-0097-7.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|Q252}} [[Category:Wp/mfp/Nagara di Asia Tonggara]] ecsbx5m95mvbd95q8rs6os4rwfurhhn 10 2937295 7374649 6272128 2026-10-26T06:03:29Z Thekrow280 2717775 7374649 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="border:1px solid #cccccc; background: #f8f8f8; overflow:hidden; padding:1.0em; -moz-border-radius:0.8em; -webkit-border-radius:0.8em; border-radius:0.8em;"> {|style="width:100%;margin-top:-.7em;" <div style="float:left; width:1em; height:1em; margin:2.5em 0em 0em -2.0em;">[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|280px|link=]]</div> <center><p style="font-size:162%; color:black; margin:0;">'''Ногай Википедиясына хош келдинъиз!'''</p></p> </div> <br>Аьр ким де язып болатаган эркин эм ашык энциклопедия. <div id="articlecount" style="width:100%;text-align:center;font-size:92%;">Буьгуьн {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTH}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} йыл</div> <div id="articlecount" style="width:100%;text-align:center;font-size:92%;"> Ногай википедиясында <big>'''{{Wp/nog/NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' </big> макала бар.</div> |} {{DEFAULTSORT:Баслык}} [[Category:Wp/nog]] [[Category:Wp/nog/Template]] p9v3jl5d028apmzbh8knzdjkohkoflw 0 2947066 7374198 7322027 2026-10-25T12:42:52Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374198 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pulicat Lake IMG 20180616 152959213.jpg|thumb|300px|பழவேற்காடு ஏரி]] '''திருவள்ளூர் மாவட்டம்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] மாநிலமான [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாட்டின்]] வடகிழக்குப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு மாவட்டமாகும். இது செங்கல்பட்டு மாவட்டத்தை இரண்டாகப் பிரித்த போது உருவாக்கப்பட்டது (1 சனவரி 1997). ==நகரங்கள்== * திருவள்ளூர் * ஆவடி * திருத்தணி * பூந்தமல்லி * திருவேற்காடு * ஆரணி * நாரவாரிக்குப்பம் * பொன்னேரி * திருநின்றவூர் * ஊத்துக்கோட்டை * மீஞ்சூர் * கும்மிடிப்பூண்டி * பள்ளிப்பட்டு * பொதட்டூர்பேட்டை * திருமழிசை * அம்பத்தூர் * ஊத்துக்கோட்டை {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு}} [[Category:Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 90y8h6v5nzzp2v82e0teeprbuf0q88j 0 2947132 7374184 7321765 2026-10-25T12:32:17Z Sree1959 2594881 நடை கையேடு வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Style|[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை என்றால் என்ன?#சேருமிடத்தை மையமாகக் கொண்ட கட்டுரைகளுக்கான சோதனை|அங்கு உறங்க முடியுமா?]] என்ற சோதனையில் இப்பக்கம் தனிக்கட்டுரைத் தகுதியை பெறவில்லை. சேலம் மாவட்டத்துடன் இணைக்குமாறு பரிந்துரைக்கப்படுகின்றது}} {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|"A long Shot of Fort of Attur" (cropped).jpg}} '''ஆத்தூர்''' (''Attur'') என்பது இந்தியாவின் தமிழ்நாட்டின் [[Wy/ta/சேலம்|சேலம் மாவட்டத்திலுள்ள]] ஒரு தேர்வு நிலை நகராட்சி ஆகும். இது வசிஷ்ட நதியின் <small>(வற்றாத ஆறு எனப்பொருள்)</small> தென்புறம் அமைந்துள்ளது. பேரூராட்சியாக இருந்த இந்நகரம் 1965 சனவரி நான்காம் தேதி நகராட்சியாக தரமுயர்த்தப்பட்டது. ==வரலாறு== இந்த ஊரை, கெட்டி முதலி மரபினர் 16-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதியிலிருந்து, 17-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதி வரை ஆண்டனர். இவர்களே, இங்கிருக்கின்ற கோட்டையைக் கட்டினார்கள். கி.பி.1689-இல் மைசூரை ஆண்ட சிக்க தேவராயன் இப்பகுதியைப் பிடித்தான். பின்னர் இது அயிதர் அலியின் ஆட்சிப் பகுதியாக மாறியது. 1792-இல் மூன்றாம் மைசூர் போரின் போது ஆத்தூர், திப்புவிடமிருந்து ஆங்கிலேயர் வசம் மாறியது. ஆங்கிலேயர் ஒரு ராணுவத் தொகுப்பை இங்கு 1799-ஆம் ஆண்டு வரை வைத்திருந்தார்கள். பிறகு 1824 வரை ஆயுதங்களின் கிட்டங்கித் தளமாக விளங்கியது. ===மொழி === ஆத்தூர் மாநகரத்தில் வசிக்கும் பெரும்பாலான மக்களின் தாய்மொழி தமிழ் ஆகும். மலையாளம், ஆங்கிலம், தெலுங்கு, இந்தி போன்ற மொழிகளைப் பேசுபவர்களும் இங்கு வாழ்கிறார்கள். ==செல்ல== ===சாலை வழியாக=== தேசிய நெடுஞ்சாலை 79 ஆத்தூர் வழியாகச் செல்லும் நெடுஞ்சாலை ஆகும். இதன் மூலமாக ஆத்தூரை அடையலாம். ===தொடர்வண்டி மூலமாக=== சென்னை எழும்பூரிலிருந்து விழுப்புரம் வழியாகச் செல்லும் தொடருந்து ஆத்தூர் வழியாகச் செல்லும். காரைக்காலிலிருந்து விருதாச்சலம் வழியாக பெங்களூர் செல்லும் தொடருந்தும் ஆத்தூரைக் கடந்து செல்லும். ===விமானத்தின் மூலமாக=== சேலம் விமான நிலையம் 79 கி.மீ. தொலைவில் உள்ளது. திருச்சி மற்றும் கோவை ஆகியவை அருகில் உள்ள பன்னாட்டு விமான நிலையங்கள் ஆகும். ==பார்க்க== * ஆத்தூர் கோட்டை * திரெளபதி அம்மன் கோவில் * கைலாச நாதர் கோவில் * காய நிர்மலேசுவரர் கோவில் ===ஆத்தூர் கோட்டை=== ஆத்தூர் கோட்டையை, கெட்டி முதலி மரபினர் 16-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதியிலிருந்து, 17-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதி வரை ஆண்டனர். இவர்களே, ஆத்தூரில் கோட்டையைக் கட்டினார்கள். இக்கோட்டை 62 ஏக்கர்கள் அளவுடையது (250,000 சதுரமீட்டர்கள்). கோட்டையின் சுவர்கள் ஏறத்தாழ 30 அடி (9.1 மீ.) உயரமும், 15 அடி (4.6 மீ.) அகலமும் உடையதாக உள்ளன. இக்கோட்டை தமிழ்நாடு அரசின் தொல்லியல் துறைக் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் இருக்கிறது. ==படக்காட்சியகம்== <gallery> File:"A long Shot of Fort of Attur".jpg|தென்புறத்தோற்றம் File:"A Sone Wall of Fort of Attur".JPG|தென்புற மதில் File:"An Entrance of Fort of Attur".JPG|தென்புறவாயில் File:"Remains Of Fort With Building 5".JPG|மதில்காவல் File:"Remains Of Fort With Building 7".JPG|பெருங்கிடங்கி File:"Consructions inside the Fort of Attur".JPG|போர் கிடங்கிகள் </gallery> ==உண்ண== ===சைவம்=== * அடையார் ஆனந்த பவன் * சரவண பவன் * கெளரி சங்கர் *அய்யர் கடை - பஞ்சு பரோட்டா (அம்மம் பாளையம், சாமியார் கிணறு) *பாரதி மெஸ் (புதன் அன்று மட்டும் அசைவம்) * காந்திநகர் பூங்காவிற்கு அருகில் மாலை நேரங்களில் திறக்கப்படும் தள்ளுவண்டி கடைகளில், சேலத்தின் பிரசித்திப்பெற்ற உணவான தட்டுவடை செட் உண்ணலாம். ===அசைவம்=== * மைதிலி மெஸ் * மங்கள விலாஸ் * சக்தி * சிக் பிளாஸ்ட் (மேலைநாட்டு உணவுகளுக்கு) ==அடுத்துச் செல்ல== * [[Wy/ta/சேலம்|சேலம்]] * [[Wy/ta/ஏற்காடு|ஏற்காடு]] * [[Wy/ta/திருச்சி|திருச்சி]] * [[Wy/ta/கோயமுத்தூர்|கோயமுத்தூர்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q282637}} rt0xazxeu6n25edy0et9f3sz8be5259 3 2957964 7374228 4258210 2026-10-25T12:58:21Z İmmortalance 399210 İmmortalance moved page [[User talk:Shun49]] to [[User talk:Renamed user 2cc7477e5197d11f6ff99819b7779c69]] without leaving a redirect: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Shun49|Shun49]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Renamed user 2cc7477e5197d11f6ff99819b7779c69|Renamed user 2cc7477e5197d11f6ff99819b7779c69]]" 4258210 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float={{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|left|right}} }} {{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|<div class="rtl-text">|}} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! {{#ifeq:|yes|If you haven't already, please consider creating yourself an account to be able to do more. It's free.<br>}} At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand it! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and [[translatewiki:Special:FirstSteps|follow the instructions]]. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]].{{#ifeq:{{lc:ltr}}|rtl|</div>|}}</div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 01:06, 31 March 2018 (UTC) 5w5sv3ofjkx2zv7vo7rkhk1kbx9j1q7 4 2969803 7374471 7372042 2026-10-25T21:57:44Z MF-Warburg 585 /* Wp/ase */ 7374471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Shortcut|[[I:RFD]]|archivelink=Incubator:Requests for deletions/Archive}} __NEWSECTIONLINK__ This page is for nominating '''test wikis''' for deletion, or for nominating '''pages related to the maintenance of the Incubator''' for deletion. Requests for '''un'''deletion can also be made here. To request the deletion of '''individual pages in a specific test wiki''', please use the relevant talk pages where the editors of the test wiki are most active (such as the talk page of the test wiki's Main Page). Pages that should be speedily deleted should be tagged with {{tl|delete}} '''with a proper reason'''. It is typically not necessary to request that pages in a test wiki be deleted after the project has been given its own subdomain (e.g., <code>aa.wikipedia.org</code>), since such deletions are part of the normal workflow when creating new wikis. Eventually all pages in the test wiki will be deleted, leaving behind only the [[Incubator:Policy/Test wiki info page|info page]]. For the deletion policy, see [[Incubator:Deletion policy]]. {{Autoarchive resolved section | age = 1 | archive = 'Incubator:Requests for deletions/Archive/((year)) | show = yes }} == [[Wt/grc]] == As suggested by the [[m:Requests for new languages/Wiktionary Ancient Greek|rejected request]], and even agreed by a "keeper" of [[#Wp/grc]] above, there's blatantly no reason for having a Wiktionary in Historical language such as in Ancient Greek. For writting definitions of Ancient Greek words, the existing Wiktionaries e.g. [[wikt:el:|Greek Wiktionary]] are already hard on doing so. I would hence prefer to merge these contents into el.wiktionary. --[[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 08:25, 12 July 2025 (UTC) :Just to be clear, I did not say that "there's blatantly no reason for having a Wiktionary in an historical language such as Ancient Greek". I don't agree on that point! What I've actually said is that I don't see reasons to preserve this draft of a Wiktionary, because the lemmas are too few and, above all, almost exclusively (80%?) written in Modern Greek. Probably, it is a draft by someone who wanted to translate them in Classical Greek but never had the time to do so. Since this Wiktionary is also inactive, and since there is no probability at all that this person will ever continue what he barely started, I don't find particular reasons to keep this very rough draft of a project alive. If someone wanted to restart an Ancient Greek Wiktionary, he could start it anew: having this draft or not would make very little difference! :On the other hand, having a real Ancient Greek Wiktionary would be useful: who could say that monolingual dictionaries are of no use for students of foreign languages? Nobody could say that! Therefore, a functional Ancient Greek Wiktionary would be very useful for the ca. 1 million students of Ancient Greek around the globe. Unfortunately, no scholar is currently willing to write such a monolingual dictionary for free. [[User:Anaxicrates|Anaxicrates]] ([[User talk:Anaxicrates|talk]]) 13:16, 18 July 2025 (UTC) {{Oppose}}. It's a good historical record. Others may be interested in it later.[[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] ([[User talk:Andrijko Z.|talk]]) 01:06, 25 August 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] A good historical record? At least one former active user [[m:Special:Contributions/Leonardo José Raimundo|Leonardo José Raimundo]] is nowadays [[m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Leonardo José Raimundo|global banned]]. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 01:17, 25 August 2025 (UTC) ::For me it's not an argument. The project may be cleaned if necessary, but not deleted. [[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] ([[User talk:Andrijko Z.|talk]]) 01:57, 25 August 2025 (UTC) *'''Delete''', {{ping|Andrijko Z.}} Are you really sure that you can speak such a historical language instead of a living language? From your record of contributions, I really really and really can't see anything as "good", all of your historical records are only promoting your bad properties instead of "good"s. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-19854-51|&#126;2026-19854-51]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-19854-51|talk]]) 06:23, 31 March 2026 (UTC) *:Please stick back to constructive arguments. @[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-Warburg]] please pay attention to the tone of this user. Thank you! [[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] ([[User talk:Andrijko Z.|talk]]) 23:10, 31 March 2026 (UTC) *::@[[User:Andrijko Z.|Andrijko Z.]] You don't really need to ping MF-W or other administrators, since the user who made bad tone is just you, not me. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-20750-41|&#126;2026-20750-41]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-20750-41|talk]]) 14:10, 4 April 2026 (UTC) *'''Delete''' Only Wikisource allows such ancient languages, and for testing Wikisource, [[s:mul:|here, the correct place]]. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-37662-04|&#126;2026-37662-04]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-37662-04|talk]]) 10:59, 1 July 2026 (UTC) == [[Wp/atv]] == See [[Incubator:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Wp/atv_existence]]. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 21:19, 14 November 2025 (UTC) == Multiple projects == ;[[Wy/wal]], [[Wy/zu]], [[Wy/mg]], [[Wy/aa]], [[Wy/zyj]], [[Wy/udm]], [[Wy/wym]], [[Wy/jbo]] These projects only have one page, usually the main page, and have never been active since creation. They should be deleted. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 02:25, 8 January 2026 (UTC) ; [[Wq/so]], [[Wq/blk]], [[Wq/dtp]], [[Wq/aa]], [[Wq/zgh]], [[Wq/tcy]], [[Wq/se]], [[Wq/ary]] Again, These projects only have one page, usually the main page, and have never been active since creation. They should be deleted. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 02:30, 8 January 2026 (UTC) ; [[Wb/ab]], [[Wb/ain]], [[Wb/bhi]], [[Wb/bug]], [[Wb/mos]], [[Wb/rw]], [[Wb/sn]], [[Wb/tum]], [[Wb/ddo]], [[Wb/lki]], [[Wb/wal]] Again, These projects only have one page, usually the main page, and have never been active since creation. They should be deleted. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 02:35, 8 January 2026 (UTC) ; [[wn/ace]], [[wn/ain]], [[wn/am]], [[wn/gl]], [[wn/ady]], [[wn/ceb]] Again, These projects only have one page, usually the main page, and have never been active since creation. They should be deleted. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 02:40, 8 January 2026 (UTC) ; [[Wp/mki]], [[Wp/beu]], [[Wp/com]], [[Wp/lrl]], [[Wp/mhp]], [[Wp/bgx]], [[Wp/enx]] Again, These projects only have one page, usually the main page, and have never been active since creation. They should be deleted. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 02:46, 8 January 2026 (UTC) :For what?... [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 18:38, 11 February 2026 (UTC) ::For being inactive, not having any content (or very few) and just taking up space. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 23:16, 11 February 2026 (UTC) :::"Placeholder" projects have always existed on Incubator and are not a problem by themselves. Info pages with "tocreate" status (like Wp/com) also should not be deleted. If a Main Page properly written in the languages invites people to contribute, there is no problem. If there are additional problems, like the sole Main Page is not actually written in the language itself, or the language is dead/invalid, please elaborate. For example, I did just deleted Wb/tum because its Main Page was very broken with a lot of missing templates. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 00:11, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::::There is really no problem aside from that it has no content, so if you say that they are just placeholder than they should be fine. Thanks for telling me. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 00:35, 12 February 2026 (UTC) ::::But also, these projects have never been active since creation. [[User:Breck0530|Breck0530]] ([[User talk:Breck0530|talk]]) 00:36, 12 February 2026 (UTC) *'''Delete''' Placeholder-only "projects" are nonsense of nonsense, gibberish of gibberish, trolls of trolls, and especially, damn of damn. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-19854-51|&#126;2026-19854-51]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-19854-51|talk]]) 06:24, 31 March 2026 (UTC) :Also Wb/ary Wy/acm Wt/acm [[User:Almajidy|<b style="background:#3e67b3;color:#FFF;border:4pxsolid #3e67b3;border-radius:25px;padding:3px 10px;font:20px 'Brush Script MT';">'''Almajidy'''</b>]]<b style="font-size:7px;">【Talk】</b> 08:45, 8 April 2026 (UTC) == [[Wp/ase]] == Pains me to say this but this project is unlikely to ever go anywhere. It has had no activity since 2020 besides spam. Most Deaf folks in the US, for cultural reasons, use English, and the SignWriting community is not very large. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-10410-48|&#126;2026-10410-48]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-10410-48|talk]]) 22:57, 16 February 2026 (UTC) :And is it just me or are there not even really characters to represent sign language? They don't show up for me at least. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-12914-86|&#126;2026-12914-86]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-12914-86|talk]]) 15:42, 27 February 2026 (UTC) ::There is a gadget you need to activate. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 15:31, 2 March 2026 (UTC) ::I do not support the request for deletion. This content is readable to fluent ASL users with knowledge of signwriting (speaking as one myself). the characters do represent signed langauge [[User:Kachow03|Kachow03]] ([[User talk:Kachow03|talk]]) 07:32, 17 June 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Yair rand|Yair rand]]: What's the technical status of this project? I thought it was just waiting for MediaWiki to [[phab:T11436|properly support vertical text]] or for VisualEditor to have better support for SignWriting? Have you had any contact with [[User:ValSutton|ValSutton]] lately about this project? [[User:Mxn|Minh <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Nguyễn</span>]]&nbsp;^{[[User talk:Mxn|<span style="display: inline-block;">&#x1f4ac;</span>]]} 21:13, 19 March 2026 (UTC) :This project has faltered in the past due to a lack of technical investment, but actually I think its potential has gone way up since 2020. If AI works for speech recognition in audio, it's likely to work decently for sign recognition in video as well; this would be an easy way to bypass SignWriting's traditional problem of having to learn a whole new writing system. [[User:Pharos|Pharos]] ([[User talk:Pharos|talk]]) 19:54, 23 March 2026 (UTC) ::There are indeed visual models of producing sign language video generation and recognition <ref>[https://signllm.github.io/ SignLLM: Sign Languages Production Large Language Models]</ref>. However there are {{Comment|no known study currently on converting to and from SignWriting.}} [[User:TNTErick|TNTErick]] ([[User talk:TNTErick|talk]]) 03:25, 8 October 2026 (UTC) :::The statement that there are '''"no known studies"''' on converting to and from SignWriting is simply incorrect. There is a substantial body of published research and open-source development addressing these problems. :::For example, see [[github:sign-language-processing|Sign Language Processing]], including projects for video-to-SignWriting transcription and SignWriting-to-animation, and [https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-eacl.127/ Jiang et al. (2023)], which explores machine translation between spoken languages and signed languages represented in SignWriting. These are just a few examples. :::There are certainly technical challenges remaining, but that is very different from claiming no research exists. :::More importantly, automated conversion between video and SignWriting is not a prerequisite for an ASL Wikipedia. SignWriting is already a functional writing system. The more relevant questions are how we improve technical support and encourage community participation. -[[User:Slevinski|Slevinski]] ([[User talk:Slevinski|talk]]) 18:55, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :{{oppose}} this is maybe the only incubator in a sign language, providing a proof of concept for testing technical investment in this area. This is an important language to have here and will be a reference for future sign languages in wikimedia. [[User:Arcstur|Arcstur]] ([[User talk:Arcstur|talk]]) 18:27, 11 July 2026 (UTC) :If there is no established practice among Deaf users of using SignWriting as a means of writing and consuming content - rather than simply as a transcription of "live" signs - I don't see any realistic possibility of this project moving forward. I don't think it's reasonable for Wikimedia to try to impose the use of a script which the external community surrounding a language has not accepted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|talk]]) 23:17, 14 August 2026 (UTC) ::The concern about whether enough ASL users currently read and write SignWriting to sustain an encyclopedia is reasonable. SignWriting has not yet achieved widespread adoption in the American Deaf community, but that doesn't mean it is only useful for transcribing live signing. ::In Brazil, SignWriting is used for reading, writing, and education in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), from elementary education through university-level study. For example, [https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/100775 research at the Federal University of Santa Catarina] examines reading comprehension and original text production in SignWriting by Deaf students and university students. There is even [https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/206070 academic research examining textual cohesion in SignWriting literature]. ::While Libras and ASL are different languages, the Brazilian experience demonstrates that SignWriting can serve as a practical writing system, not merely a transcription method. ::Most importantly, nobody is imposing SignWriting on anyone. Participation in an ASL Wikipedia is entirely voluntary. The Incubator provides an opportunity for those interested in reading and writing ASL to develop content collaboratively. ::The question is whether we can support and encourage that community, not whether SignWriting has already achieved widespread adoption. -[[User:Slevinski|Slevinski]] ([[User talk:Slevinski|talk]]) 19:10, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :{{support}} what even is the point? ASl is visual. Reading is also visual, and way simpler than trying to figure out what a SignWriting symbol means. [[User:Arenghtqru888|Arenghtqru888]] ([[User talk:Arenghtqru888|talk]]) 19:24, 7 October 2026 (UTC) ::The point is to have a written form of ASL that can be used in a collaborative wiki environment. ASL and English are different languages, and reading English is not the same as reading ASL. ::SignWriting makes it possible to write, read, and edit ASL as text. This has practical advantages over video in a wiki environment. If you want to correct a single sign in an article, you can edit the text rather than record and replace a video. Written content also allows people to contribute without recording themselves on camera, which is an important privacy consideration. ::Video is valuable for sign language communication, but it serves a different purpose. SignWriting is not intended to replace video, any more than writing replaces speech. ::Learning to read SignWriting does require some effort, just as learning any writing system does. But the fact that someone is unfamiliar with a writing system does not make that writing system pointless. ::The question should be how we can support an ASL Wikipedia, not whether ASL deserves a written presence in Wikimedia. -[[User:Slevinski|Slevinski]] ([[User talk:Slevinski|talk]]) 19:01, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :::Understands. [[User:Arenghtqru888|Arenghtqru888]] ([[User talk:Arenghtqru888|talk]]) 19:04, 20 October 2026 (UTC) :{{oppose}} '''Strong oppose.''' This deletion request appears to contradict [[Incubator:Policy#Common reasons for test deletion|Incubator policy]], which explicitly states: :"You may only propose a deletion of a test language that does not have a proposal on Meta or is rejected by the Langcom." :The [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_American_Sign_Language_2 American Sign Language Wikipedia proposal] exists on Meta and was verified as eligible by the Language Committee on November 29, 2008. The committee specifically acknowledged the technical challenges of SignWriting and determined that they did not affect the project's eligibility. :Furthermore, work is underway to address these technical challenges. A new [https://github.com/bidaian/SignWritingMediaWiki SignWriting MediaWiki extension] is in development, with support being developed for rendering and editing SignWriting, including VisualEditor integration. Although still in an early stage, this is concrete progress toward improving the technical infrastructure needed by the project. :Limited activity and technical difficulties are challenges to overcome, not sufficient reasons to abandon an eligible language project. The purpose of Incubator is to provide a place for language projects to develop before they are ready for independent Wikipedias. :I strongly oppose deletion and encourage closing this nomination in favor of supporting the project's continued development. -[[User:Slevinski|Slevinski]] ([[User talk:Slevinski|talk]]) 19:19, 20 October 2026 (UTC) ---- {{Not done}} Invalid proposal as explained by Slevinski. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 21:57, 25 October 2026 (UTC) == Wikinews test projects == As of March 30, 2026, [[meta:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Wikinews has been shut down]]. Therefore, none of the Wikinews test projects on the Incubator will ever go anywhere. They should therefore either be deleted or the content should be archived elsewhere. [[User:DraconicDark|DraconicDark]] ([[User talk:DraconicDark|talk]]) 17:17, 31 March 2026 (UTC) :Please note that existing Wikinews tests are now [technically] in read only mode (or restricted to administrators), and creating new tests is also restricted. 🪶-[[User:Tanbiruzzaman|<span style="font-family:monospace;color:#006400;letter-spacing:1px;">TΛNBIRUZZΛMΛN</span>]] ([[User talk:Tanbiruzzaman|💬]]) 20:13, 1 April 2026 (UTC) :I'd suggest to announce this question via top of these test projects' portal pages e.g. [[Wn/cdo]] via that tag. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-20743-13|&#126;2026-20743-13]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-20743-13|talk]]) 07:51, 4 April 2026 (UTC) ::Done, there’ll now be a notice on every Wikinews tests info page. 🪶-[[User:Tanbiruzzaman|<span style="font-family:monospace;color:#006400;letter-spacing:1px;">TΛNBIRUZZΛMΛN</span>]] ([[User talk:Tanbiruzzaman|💬]]) 09:37, 4 April 2026 (UTC) I am told that the Board considers making a decision about this and is in consultation about possible place to put this content, so let's wait for that. --<small>[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]] ''{a, b}''</small> 13:20, 7 April 2026 (UTC) :And, for the record, what to do with [[m:Requests_for_new_languages#Wikinews|RFL requests for Wikinewses]] (which many of them are marked eligible)? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-22152-29|&#126;2026-22152-29]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-22152-29|talk]]) 01:22, 10 April 2026 (UTC) ::If no users oppose, then I'd love to merge the above "Wn/kk, Wn/sah/ Wn/tt" section and another section below as L3 sections under this thread since we are discussing all Wikinews test projects here. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 01:46, 18 April 2026 (UTC) :Manually pinging @[[User:Nvdtn19|Nvdtn19]] for [[Wn/vi]] due to talk page semi-protected. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 00:32, 19 April 2026 (UTC) ::I have no further comments on [[Wn/vi]]. This project just needs to archive and read-only like other cases. [[User:Nvdtn19|Nvdtn19]] ([[User talk:Nvdtn19|{{int:talkpagelinktext}}]]) 05:39, 19 April 2026 (UTC) As one of the main contributors and maintainers of [[Wn/cdo]], I was caught completely off guard and deeply shocked by this news. Reading [[#Wn/ms|the statement below from the Wn/ms community]] truly resonated with me. Over the years, volunteer reporters for Wn/cdo have actively gathered and edited news, gone on field assignments, and connected with locals to take photos and write articles—covering everything from major international events to grassroots local news in [[:w:en:Fuzhou|Hokchew]], [[:w:en:Matsu_Islands|Matsu]] and Malaysia [[:w:en:Fuzhou people|Hokchew community]]. Wikireporters even volunteered for field assignments in other cities, such as Shanghai, to cover local exhibitions. We were dedicated to ensuring that the Wikinews in our mother tongue was not merely a translation of dominant, high-resource languages, but instead possessed its own unique character. Wn/cdo is a project that has grown alongside the personal capabilities of its editors and maintainers. It is profoundly regrettable to hear this news today. The editors of Wn/cdo are currently discussing where to go from here. [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 09:28, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :Hello Davidzdh, :I'm Victoria, the WMF Board of Trustees member responsible for the Wikinews -related discussions. I'm truly sorry that this news has come so unexpectedly. The wider Wikimedia Movement was discussing the possible future of the Wikinews projects for a while, and the consensus was that the existing projects did not leave up to the expectations while using the limited resources. But I understand that the bulk of discussions was happening in other places (mostly on Meta) and many people were not aware of them. :It’s clear from your message how much care, effort, and personal commitment has gone into building and sustaining Wn/cdo over the years. The work of your community is deeply meaningful. It’s especially difficult when something that has grown so organically and with such dedication faces an uncertain future. I can assure you that all you've done wouldn't be lost as it will be accessible in the read mode and can be copied. :I regret that this situation has come as a shock, and that it has affected contributors who have invested so much into the project.I understand that you and your fellow editors are now considering next steps. I sincerely hope that, whatever direction you choose, the strength and cohesion of your community will carry forward. [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] ([[User talk:Victoria|talk]]) 09:53, 21 April 2026 (UTC) :: Hi [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]], what is the most recent work on [[Wn/cdo/Wikinews:Main Page|wn:cdo]]? Just making sure nothing is lost. [[User:Sj|Sj]] ([[User talk:Sj|talk]]) 19:50, 21 April 2026 (UTC) :::Interesting, all the newsletters shown on their mainpage were created 8 years ago, so where are their recent news? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 06:26, 22 April 2026 (UTC) :::Hi @[[User:Sj|Sj]], all works from [[Wn/cdo]] are [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Wn/cdo/ here], in addition, their category pages, templates, and modules cannot be seen on the above summary page; they can be found at: :::* [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex?prefix=Wn%2Fcdo%2F&namespace=1 <code>Talk:Wn/cdo/xxx</code>] :::* [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Category:Wn/cdo/ <code>Category:Wn/cdo/xxx</code>] :::* [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex?prefix=template%3AWn%2Fcdo%2F&namespace=0 <code>template:Wn/cdo/xxx</code>] :::* [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex?prefix=module%3AWn%2Fcdo%2F&namespace=0 <code>module:Wn/cdo/xxx</code>] :::* [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex?prefix=Wn%2Fcdo&namespace=829 <code>module_talk:Wn/cdo/xxx</code>] :::I have provided a detailed summary of the page distribution and the community’s migration plan below [[#Wn/cdo]]. Thank you for your attention! [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 05:41, 25 April 2026 (UTC) :::To provide some additional context regarding the main page, which might confuse those unfamiliar with the project: :::Mindong has long had two mainstream writing systems: one using Chinese characters and the other using [[:en:Bàng-uâ-cê|Latin alphabets]]. For nearly thirty years in the online Mindong community, the debate over which script to use has been a controversial topic that has, to some extent, torn the community apart. Under the Mindong Wikipedia's village pump, Help namespace, and Wikipedia namespace, you will find extensive records of fierce arguments between both sides, as well as essays written by their respective supporters defending their stances. This controversy is not limited to Wikimedia projects; you can find even more of it in other Min language web forums and online chat rooms. :::Therefore, in order to resolve this dispute and unite the community—at least within Wikimedia projects—we want the project's official pages to feature both Chinese characters and Romanization side-by-side (合璧, hăk-bék), with one script on the left half and the other on the right. Moreover, the content on both sides is essentially identical; if read aloud, they produce exactly the same sound, only the written text differs. This imposes high demands on the content—they cannot be written independently of one another, but must be coordinated to ensure both sides say the exact same thing. :::Additionally, our view of the main page is that it serves as a showcase of the project volunteers' reporting and editing standards. Because of this, it is not simply the latest news that gets posted on the main page. Instead, we feature reports where volunteers actually did fieldwork, visited the sites, and took news photos to write lengthy, detailed articles. Furthermore, all articles featured on the main page are audio news reports, meaning an audio file read aloud by a human voice without any mispronunciations or verbal errors is attached alongside the transcript. Some even go a step further and are presented as full video news report programs that we have produced. :::Naturally, requiring both high-quality reporting and strict consistency between the Chinese character and Latin alphabet versions makes maintaining updates on the main page objectively difficult. Our intent for the main page is to give people an understanding of the editorial style and quality standards of this incubator project as much as possible, so we do not aggressively push for rapid updates there. However, this does not mean there are no newer news articles within the project. [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 06:29, 25 April 2026 (UTC) ::Hello Victoria, ::Thank you for your clarification. I appreciate the assurance that, the content "wouldn't be lost." I believe this is extremely important because it directly affects the volunteers' trust in Wikimedia. Many newsletters from Mindong Wikinews have been cited and linked on social media via their URLs. Regardless of the final outcome, keeping these URLs accessible means that the past efforts of the Mindong language community will have a chance to be remembered. [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 06:41, 25 April 2026 (UTC) :[[Wn/tr/Ekrem İmamoğlu 13. cumhurbaşkanı seçildi]] is a spam page [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-25348-62|&#126;2026-25348-62]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-25348-62|talk]]) 17:10, 25 April 2026 (UTC) ::+1, that should really fit the speedy deletion criteria. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 11:59, 12 May 2026 (UTC) === [[Wn/kk]], [[Wn/sah]], [[Wn/tt]] === These projects are already on Russian Wikinews [[Special:Contributions/151.135.197.56|151.135.197.56]] 13:47, 4 January 2025 (UTC) :Tend to '''support deletion''' of Wn/kk per the [[m:Requests for new languages/Wikinews Kazakh|rejected RFL]], which as only having little substubs before RFL rejection, there are merely no benefit for having a separate kk.wikinews. Eventually, it currently has '''[[Special:PrefixIndex/Wn/kk/|no pages]]'''. (Someone would say that there's [[m:Requests for new languages/Wikinews Kazakh 2|second open RFL]], but its creator Bauka0625 didn't create anything except their own user page here) :The later two were discussed [[Incubator:Requests_for_deletions/Archive/3#Wikinews_projects_in_languages_of_the_Russian_Federation|in 2019]] which result no consensus, of which Tatar Wikinews has its [[m:Requests for new languages/Wikinews Tatar|RFL verified as eligible]], I'm not sure whether there's really benefit for second trial of RFD em. --[[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 00:35, 5 January 2025 (UTC) : {{Support}} I support the deletion of the projects as per the request. Besides that, these projects have never been active in the incubator since their creation.--[[User:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ]] ([[User talk:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|talk]]) 08:15, 5 January 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ|ꠢꠣꠍꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ]] The last Tatar one may be a sensitive question as, again, its RFL is verified as eligible, I contacted a user who voted keep in that 2019 DR, that has several contributions to [[Wq/tt]]. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 10:24, 8 January 2025 (UTC) : "Delete" (in scare quotes because no use of the MediaWiki deletion functionality is involved here - the page will really be replaced with a pointer) [[wn/kk]] as empty. Delete [[wn/sah]], which only contains a main page and no other content. Inclined to delete [[wn/tt]], which only contains a Main Page and one news article from 2020, as well, but not as strongly convinced. In any case these can be recreated if there's a movement to develop the project outside of Russian Wikinews. : Once these are deleted, we need to decide what to do with the domain names https://kk.wikinews.org, https://sah.wikinews.org, https://tt.wikinews.org. :: Inclined to redirect https://tt.wikinews.org -> https://ru.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82, https://sah.wikinews.org -> https://ru.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9, but redirect https://kk.wikinews.org to https://ru.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C (the project page explaining Russian Wikinews' multilingual initiative) since there isn't even a Kazakh Main Page. Although even the first two are very dead. And for all three domains redirect https://tt.wikinews.org/wiki/foo -> https://ru.wikinews.org/wiki/Foo. [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|talk]]) 20:03, 12 January 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Pppery|Pppery]] I think for 3rd one, once we indeed gain consensus to delete, we might need to discuss with langcom members on whether its RFL's eligible status should be revoked. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 03:42, 13 January 2025 (UTC) ::: The project should remain in-theory eligible. I'm effectively saying to do a [[w:WP:Soft deletion|soft delete]] - delete the nearly-empty test currently there without prejudice against a new movement for starting a test if one forms. [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|talk]]) 03:43, 13 January 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|OWTB]]: As you're most likely supporting to keep such "tocreate portal pages", do you have time on Pppery's suggestions above? [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 04:57, 12 July 2025 (UTC) ::::Anyway, it looks like the member who marked Tatar Wikinews request eligible [[m:User_talk:Jon_Harald_Søby#Consider_cancelling_eligibility_of_Wikinews_Tatar?|doesn't agree]] to re-consider it should be revoked or not. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 05:01, 12 July 2025 (UTC) :::::If they are already present on Wn/ru, then at least, they should link to their respective pages on ru.wikinews. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|OWTB]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|talk]]) 06:17, 12 July 2025 (UTC) ::::::Looks like the nominator already did so. [[User:Liuxinyu970226|Liuxinyu970226]] ([[User talk:Liuxinyu970226|talk]]) 07:53, 12 July 2025 (UTC) *'''Delete''' Per [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard#Board_of_Trustees_Approves_Closure_of_Wikinews|board decision]], they are already failed, and should go to 3rd platform for further contributing. --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-20743-13|&#126;2026-20743-13]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-20743-13|talk]]) 07:46, 4 April 2026 (UTC) *:{{Oppose}} Soft-closure and archive. ~ [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 00:32, 9 May 2026 (UTC) *::@[[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] The entire projects were created on other wikis, why archive here? Make discussion branches? That's really hassle for citing. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 11:54, 12 May 2026 (UTC) *:::Why not keep with soft redirections? But, yes, I'm not really opposite it, however should let the local community speak up maybe other russian contributors as well. [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 12:50, 12 May 2026 (UTC) :{{Oppose}} all of the above. You should first ask one of the ru-Wikinews users (as me) to move these 4 pages. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 05:49, 19 April 2026 (UTC) I have moved all useful Tatar and Kazakh content along with Yakut mainpage, and I'm asking the Incubator administrators to help me complete the migration: # Delete all content of [[Wn/tt]] and [[Wn/kk]] # Move all of the templates with redirects (~30) in [[Wn/sah]] <u>with prefixes, under their current names</u> to Russian Wikinews. I can't do it myself, because importing to Wikinews from Incubator is not allowed, local sysops cannot import pages from Incubator. In the edit description, would be good to specify the contributors who created the template and the CC-BY-SA license (because Russian Wikinews use CC-BY-2.5). # Place stubs from [[User:Таёжный лес/news]] on [[Wn/evn]] (another one language version hosted in ruWN), [[Wn/kk]], [[Wn/tt]], [[Wn/sah]] respectively. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 11:30, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ruwikinews, as well as other Wikinews with official subdomains, are being discussed on [[m:Migration_of_Wikinews_and_future_hosts#Russian_Wikinews|future migration targets]], so I don't know why 3rd is still needed. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 02:30, 20 April 2026 (UTC) ::Right, along with other Wikinews, including projects in Incubator. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 03:44, 20 April 2026 (UTC) :::Just note: Wn/evn is now deleted. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-36425-52|&#126;2026-36425-52]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-36425-52|talk]]) 04:50, 23 June 2026 (UTC) === Empty Wikinews test projects === These Wikinews test projects contain no pages or only main pages: [[Wn/ady]], [[Wn/ain]], [[Wn/arz]], [[Wn/bew]], [[Wn/bgn]], [[Wn/brh]], [[Wn/ccp]], [[Wn/ceb]], [[Wn/cnh]], [[Wn/ctg]], [[Wn/cy]], [[Wn/ddo]], [[Wn/dlg]], [[Wn/dtp]], [[Wn/dv]], [[Wn/dz]], [[Wn/ee]], [[Wn/ff]], [[Wn/fur]], [[Wn/ga]], [[Wn/gag]], [[Wn/gd]], [[Wn/gl]], [[Wn/gu]], [[Wn/hif]], [[Wn/hnd]], [[Wn/ie]], [[Wn/jax]], [[Wn/jbo]], [[Wn/jje]], [[Wn/kbd]], [[Wn/kip]], [[Wn/kjh]], [[Wn/kk]], [[Wn/kl]], [[Wn/km]], [[Wn/kn]], [[Wn/ks]], [[Wn/ku]], [[Wn/ky]], [[Wn/lg]], [[Wn/lo]], [[Wn/min]], [[Wn/mn]], [[Wn/mnw]], [[Wn/mr]], [[Wn/mrh]], [[Wn/my]], [[Wn/nrm]], [[Wn/nv]], [[Wn/oc]], [[Wn/om]], [[Wn/os]], [[Wn/pcm]], [[Wn/phr]], [[Wn/rw]], [[Wn/sah]], [[Wn/sco]], [[Wn/so]], [[Wn/tly]], [[Wn/trv]], [[Wn/ts]], [[Wn/tt]], [[Wn/tum]], [[Wn/tw]], [[Wn/vec]], [[Wn/wal]], [[Wn/yi]], [[Wn/zu]] [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-21280-06|&#126;2026-21280-06]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-21280-06|talk]]) 09:25, 7 April 2026 (UTC) :False about Wn/tt. I don't see any problem with a test project having at least one page written in a language, even if it's just a mainpage. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 04:21, 8 April 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] This is already being discussed on the section above. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 23:06, 18 April 2026 (UTC) :Probably [[Wn/als]], [[Wn/ang]], [[Wn/ba]] and [[Wn/bar]] can also be ditto opinions. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 23:10, 18 April 2026 (UTC) ::als, ba, and bar document where the corresponding projects are, and ang puts up a deletion notice. I don't see why we should delete them. [[User:魔琴|魔琴]] ([[User talk:魔琴|talk]]) 21:49, 29 April 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:魔琴|魔琴]] Where are benefits to keep such semi-redirect to closed projects? Those "projects" are having no pages useful, deletion of them should potentially be feel free and without prejudice, as like how we are plugging power sockets. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 15:02, 7 May 2026 (UTC) ::::Redirects are cheap. [[User:魔琴|魔琴]] ([[User talk:魔琴|talk]]) 15:05, 7 May 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[User:魔琴|魔琴]] That will only result unnecessary discussion branches which can really stuck citation purposes, that said, [[w:Don't be a jerk|no need to leave such redirects to jerk pages]]/ [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 11:55, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::Just soft close those pages, its not hard. It's nothing [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 12:52, 12 May 2026 (UTC) * {{oppose}} all requests above. Cause this doesn’t even matter if the consensus reach to keep or delete, as the board already decided to close the project. If the board ask us delete all tests, we'll delete them.🪶-[[User:Tanbiruzzaman|<span style="font-family:monospace;color:#006400;letter-spacing:1px;">TΛNBIRUZZΛMΛN</span>]] ([[User talk:Tanbiruzzaman|💬]]) 01:57, 19 April 2026 (UTC) *:bew and ks are already deleted. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 22:58, 22 April 2026 (UTC) :Suggest to '''delete''' those with entirely no subpages, e.g. [[Wn/my]], these can be feel free to go without prejudice. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 04:00, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :{{Oppose}} [[Wn/nrm]] because of special code. {{Oppose}} [[Wn/kk]], [[Wn/sah]], and [[Wn/tt]] because we may need to mention [[:n:ru:Викиновости:Multilingualism|Russosphere Multilingual Wikinews project]] on their portals. --[[User:魔琴|魔琴]] ([[User talk:魔琴|talk]]) 21:52, 29 April 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:魔琴|魔琴]] Russian Wikinews is currently discussing the target of migration, see details [[m:Migration_of_Wikinews_and_future_hosts#Russian_Wikinews|here]]. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 17:09, 1 May 2026 (UTC) * {{oppose}} First, we clearly need redirects etc.; e.g. if the Incubator cannot have interested contributors taking a look, then there's no way forward for the whole site, might consider a soft closure as well(no lol). Second, this actually brings no real benefit. Third, a soft closure decision points to soft closure, also the history of Wikimedia movement sites is not a have or not have. Wikinews(pages) have already been soft-closed now, and anyway that is a done deal. ~ [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 14:23, 8 May 2026 (UTC) === [[Wn/ms]] === I need clarification regarding the closure of Malay Wikinews. Will administrators on Wikimedia Incubator mass-delete all the pages associated with Malay Wikinews, given that there are currently a total of 1162 pages (including categories, templates, talk pages, and redirects) based on [https://meta.toolforge.org/catanalysis/index.php?cat=0&title=Wn/ms&wiki=incubatorwiki the statistics on this page]? Or will the community be given the option to move/archive these pages elsewhere (such as Miraheze, or maybe one of the Malay Wikimedia projects with new namespace, or perhaps separate toolforge project)? [[User:Hakimi97|Hakimi97]] ([[User talk:Hakimi97|talk]]) 05:08, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :I will tag active Malay Wikinews contributors such as @[[User:Stress 043|Stress 043]], @[[User:26 Ramadan|26 Ramadan]], @[[User:EmpAhmadK|EmpAhmadK]], @[[User:Izington|Izington]], @[[User:Rulwarih|Rulwarih]], @[[User:Jeluang Terluang|Jeluang Terluang]], @[[User:SNN95|SNN95]], @[[User:Zazamental|Zazamental]], @[[User:Wiki Farazi|Wiki Farazi]], @[[User:Adikhebat|Adikhebat]], @[[User:Tofeiku|Tofeiku]], @[[User:Song GK|Song GK]], @[[User:Ceball1923|Ceball1923]], @[[User:Niduzzi|Niduzzi]] regarding this. They have the right to know where their contributions would go, and worst comes to worst, send their final goodbye to their content. [[User:Hakimi97|Hakimi97]] ([[User talk:Hakimi97|talk]]) 05:13, 19 April 2026 (UTC) ::Actually, with the exception of blocked users e.g. Zazamental (and some who are inactive for at least 2 years), I already posted noticement on their talk pages this morning. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 05:20, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :As someone who has been very hopeful and working a lot on the release of Malay Wikinews since 2020, it is definitely upsetting to see the years of work wasted, especially with the recent creation of the news header template and all the work that the Malaysian community put for more original reports on the ground that also helped to contribute to other projects such as Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons. I would suggest that even if Wikinews is no longer supported, the local communities on incubator should have the autonomy to continue running their own Wikinews (and any other projects if they also get shut down) afterwards on Incubator as it barely costs anything for the Foundation to support. :The initiatives taken by the Malaysian community such as to get the media pass to be the first to report on the iPhone 17 launch and have pictures uploaded to commons cannot be ignored. Even other news occassionally refers to the Malay Wikinews for their report, such as when the new Kamus Dewan Perdana website was announced, where the Malay tech news [https://amanz.my/2025541529 directly cited Wikinews' original report] of the announcement from Dewan Bahasa. :If local communities are able to bring Wikinews to greater heights, nobody should be able to stop them. At least let us operate our projects on the Incubator even if it will never make it to its full stage, it's better than shutting it down entirely. [[User:EmpAhmadK|EmpAhmadK]] ([[User talk:EmpAhmadK|talk]]) 06:33, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :: Hello [[user:Hakimi97|Hakimi97]] and [[user:EmpAhmadK|EmpAhmadK]], I don't believe any pages will be deleted, at most made read-only. Existing URLs should continue to work. There are also community plans to [[m:Migration of Wikinews and future hosts|migrate Wikinews to a new host]] which could include interested active incubator languages. (You may want to comment there.) So no work to date should be wasted. [[User:Sj|Sj]] ([[User talk:Sj|talk]]) 19:50, 21 April 2026 (UTC) :::I don't think that it is possible for Malay Wikinews to be moved together with those established language editions of Wikinews, given that the Malay Wikinews has not even graduated from the Incubator before the closure of the Wikinews being announced. [[User:Hakimi97|Hakimi97]] ([[User talk:Hakimi97|talk]]) 20:15, 21 April 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Sj|Sj]] Maybe [[Wn/tr]] has really benefits for losing instead of archiving due to its totally spam subpages. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 12:01, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::First, I believe that Malay Wikinews will absolutely not be deleted; another key aspect of soft closure is proper preservation. Second, you are welcome to continue following future developments related to Wikinews and participate in related discussions, perhaps join back in again! ~ [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 00:30, 9 May 2026 (UTC) :Sorry for being inactive for quite some time. When I first came across Malay Wikinews back in 2024, it had roughly 300 articles. Seeing that number grow to over 600 today is a significant achievement, especially given the very small number of active contributors. :Realistically, awareness of Wikinews is quite low, and even fewer people know about the Malay edition. For this reason, the Board's decision to close the project is understandable, and I accept the archival of the Malay site. However, I completely empathize with the contributors who might feel frustrated by this decision. They invested a great deal of time and effort into producing original reporting and photography, and their disappointment is completely valid. :Ultimately, life goes on, and the broader Wikimedia movement will continue to move forward. Free knowledge truly comes with a hefty price. [[User:Stress 043|Stress 043]] ([[User talk:Stress 043|talk]]) 15:45, 24 May 2026 (UTC) ::That being said, many communities are still going, and we welcome you to join us moving forward or stopping together. ~ [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 23:00, 24 May 2026 (UTC) === [[Wn/cdo]] === Following the recent news regarding the Wikinews closures, the Mindong (cdo) community has discussed our next steps. With the explicit support of our local administrators, we plan to migrate our Wikinews test project to the Mindong Wikipedia (cdo.wikipedia.org) and continue operating it there as a dedicated sub-project. To ensure that the years of hard work by our contributors are preserved and that proper attribution is maintained, we need to perform a full import. Therefore, I am requesting a complete dump—including full edit histories—for all pages under the Wn/cdo/ prefix. For context, our community has already prepared the necessary namespace mapping plan for the target wiki: {| class="wikitable" ! Incubator Path !! Target path on cdo.wikipedia |- | Wn/cdo/xxx || Report:xxx |- | Talk:Wn/cdo/xxx || Report_talk:xxx |- | Wn/cdo/Help:xxx || Help:xxx |- | Wn/cdo/Wikinews:xxx || WN:xxx |- | Talk:Wn/cdo/Wikinews:xxx || WN_talk:xxx |- | Category:Wn/cdo/xxx || Category:Wn/cdo/xxx |- | Template:Wn/cdo/xxx || Template:Wn/cdo/xxx |- | Module:Wn/cdo/xxx || Module:Wn/cdo/xxx |- | Module_talk:Wn/cdo/xxx || Module_talk:Wn/cdo/xxx |} Could an administrator or someone with the necessary access please assist us in generating this export? --[[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 05:30, 25 April 2026 (UTC) :You need to file a request at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?tags=wikimedia-site-requests phabricator] for those namespace creation. 🪶-[[User:Tanbiruzzaman|<span style="font-family:monospace;color:#006400;letter-spacing:1px;">TΛNBIRUZZΛMΛN</span>]] ([[User talk:Tanbiruzzaman|💬]]) 05:46, 25 April 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you for the information. Do we need the Phabricator request for the namespaces to be approved and implemented first, or can the data dump and import happen in parallel? [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 06:44, 25 April 2026 (UTC) ::[[phab:T424413]] has been created. [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 07:11, 25 April 2026 (UTC) :Really support this constructive decision by the local community. Keep it up! ~ [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 00:31, 9 May 2026 (UTC) I would recommend not creating new namespaces (that makes archiving and discovery much harder, especially for a small number of pages) unless necessary. You can more easily map this as follows, with no new namespaces needed. Also it's better for the official page title to be a full "wikinews" rather than an abbreviation "WN" again for searchability and readability. [[User:Sj|Sj]] ([[User talk:Sj|talk]]) 12:59, 28 April 2026 (UTC) {| class="wikitable" ! Incubator Path !! Target path on cdo.wikipedia |- | Wn/cdo/xxx || Project:Reports/xxx |- | Wn/cdo/Wikinews:xxx || Project:Wikinews/xxx |} :Thank you for your constructive suggestion. :From my understanding, requesting and creating new namespaces is actually a separate matter from importing the news articles and their edit histories from the Incubator. (I also pointed this out during our internal discussions within the local community, and the local Wikipedia administrator agrees with this as well.) :For the import process itself, I think using the target paths you suggested works perfectly. As for creating new namespaces, it might take a very long time due to technical or other reasons, or it might not even be implemented at all. However, this will not affect the continued operation of the local community's news project. :How should we move forward with the export and import process? [[User:Davidzdh|Davidzdh]] ([[User talk:Davidzdh|talk]]) 09:11, 25 May 2026 (UTC) === Archive all === It should be based on full archival as the standard. Since the closure component of the soft-close has already been applied to the various Incubator sites, its archival component should also be applied here. and For Incubator versions with communities by the way, they have always been part of the global Wikinews community, and they are also welcome to take part in future contributions and discussions. ~ [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 13:47, 8 May 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] I don't think empty ones e.g. [[Wn/my]] should also be "archived", since there are eventually no projects under this prefix, such empty "projects" should feel free to be deleted. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 11:51, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::The main thing is, deleting a one page doesn't do any good, and since it's already been soft-closed, the process isn't exactly fair. And since there's no negative impact anyway, I guess it's fine to just keep it. But, not really impact much thing [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 12:43, 12 May 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] But keeping such "null project"s, on the other hand, can really mislead users to consider starting them even after 4 May, to which those are no longer allowed to active in any circumstances, that will only cause unnecessary unprotect requests which are also unfair for the administrators. Due to really existing negative impact in the near future, I suggest that we can exclude such empty ones from archival by early-bird deletion, that's the correct way with no hurts, not keeping, this way is really hurting future new users. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 05:14, 13 May 2026 (UTC) ::::I understand your concerns, but they are unnecessary. Enough explanation is enough. If you think like that, then all soft shutdown sites would have this problem, which is impossible. [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 11:04, 13 May 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] I don't think so, it's unable to guess what the new users really wanna do, if and when they asked for unprotect, are you really able to do such "enough explanation"s? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-38002-61|&#126;2026-38002-61]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-38002-61|talk]]) 04:09, 3 July 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] Anyway, I suggest that we can exclude one from your archival proposal: Turkish ([[Wn/tr]]) as someone else pointed above, there are really nothing but spam pages under Wn/tr prefix. Presumably, that's already a scandal of Incubator. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 11:52, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::Yeah If there truly is an extremely exceptional incubator version that cannot be resolved through cleanup and has a significant negative impact, then of course it is open to discuss, I won't be opposite. [[User:Sheminghui.WU|Sheminghui.WU]] ([[User talk:Sheminghui.WU|talk]]) 12:39, 12 May 2026 (UTC) === [[Wn/tr]] === Since someone pointed above, I suggest that even we are considering to archive all Wikinews test projects without deletion, but this Turkish one should really be excluded from archival, and should consider '''deleting all pages''', and with explaination to '''direct to either tr.wikipedia or Miraheze/Fandom...''' for future news contributions, due to '''full of spam-only pages, include the mainpage'''. --'''[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 11:24, 13 May 2026 (UTC)''' == [[Wy/ssh]] == not in shihhi arabic [[User:Almajidy|<b style="background:#3e67b3;color:#FFF;border:4pxsolid #3e67b3;border-radius:25px;padding:3px 10px;font:20px 'Brush Script MT';">'''Almajidy'''</b>]]<b style="font-size:7px;">【Talk】</b> 07:36, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :Seems already deleted, close? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 12:00, 12 May 2026 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=[[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 14:32, 3 July 2026 (UTC)}} == [[Wb/ary]], [[Wp/ars]], [[Wt/acm]], [[Wy/acm]], [[Wp/ayl]], [[Wq/ary]], [[Wp/afb]] == one page wiki test projects [[User:Almajidy|<b style="background:#3e67b3;color:#FFF;border:4pxsolid #3e67b3;border-radius:25px;padding:3px 10px;font:20px 'Brush Script MT';">'''Almajidy'''</b>]]<b style="font-size:7px;">【Talk】</b> 12:10, 12 May 2026 (UTC) :Notifyed two users that were active on some of above. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-23926-28|&#126;2026-23926-28]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-23926-28|talk]]) 05:07, 13 May 2026 (UTC) :Wp/afb has multiple pages. [[User:JJUPLOADS22|JJUPLOADS22]] ([[User talk:JJUPLOADS22|talk]]) 19:01, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == [[Wp/xpq]] == There's no one encyclopedic article in this wiki, only images and two interrogative sentences in [[Wp/xpq/Shwi mitukushq]]. Mohegan-Pequot is actually a dead language. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 12:40, 30 August 2026 (UTC) :{{Done}}. [[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 16:03, 22 October 2026 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=[[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 16:03, 22 October 2026 (UTC)}} == [[Wp/mjy]] == No encyclopedic content: articles contain nothing except title and single image. Mahican language has no speakers. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 13:20, 30 August 2026 (UTC) :{{Done}}. 15:58, 22 October 2026 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=[[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 15:58, 22 October 2026 (UTC)}} == [[Wp/xzh]] == Unactive test in an ancient language. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 05:08, 1 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wt/mxi]] == Unactive test in a historical language. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 05:08, 1 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wy/bxr]] == The single page, being abandoned for 5 years, contains only English text. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 14:00, 1 September 2026 (UTC) :{{Done|Deleted}}. [[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 03:04, 18 October 2026 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=[[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 03:04, 18 October 2026 (UTC)}} == Tungusic Wiktionaries == [[Wt/neg]], [[Wt/ude]], [[Wt/evn]], [[Wt/ulc]], [[Wt/oaa]], [[Wt/gld]]. No content on these languages except from the described words. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 17:39, 2 September 2026 (UTC) == [[Wq/jje]] == No actual content since creation. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 14:32, 3 September 2026 (UTC) :{{Done|Deleted}}. [[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 14:28, 18 October 2026 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=[[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 14:28, 18 October 2026 (UTC)}} == [[Wy/jje]] == Same as [[Wq/jje]]. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 14:37, 3 September 2026 (UTC) :{{Done|Deleted}}. [[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 14:30, 18 October 2026 (UTC) {{Section resolved|1=[[User:Ninjastrikers|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;color:blue;font-family:century gothic;">Ninja<span style="color:red">✮</span>Strikers</span>]] ^{<span style="color:Red;font-size:85%;">«[[User talk:Ninjastrikers|☎]]»</span>} 14:30, 18 October 2026 (UTC)}} == [[Wb/udm]] == LTA's vandalism. [[User:Таёжный лес|Таёжный лес]] ([[User talk:Таёжный лес|talk]]) 14:54, 4 September 2026 (UTC) 5n0pc9i4ai2fzhf3e87s9y4q42ex7ma 0 3034469 7374765 7365732 2026-10-26T09:17:29Z Absudar 2108561 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Ironzombie39|Ironzombie39]] ([[User talk:Ironzombie39|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Absudar|Absudar]] 6948285 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gizeh_Grosse_Sphinx_BW_1.jpg|thumb|287x287px|'''Ⲡⲉⲗϩⲱⲛ.''']] '''Ⲡⲉⲗϩⲱⲛ''' ⲟⲩⲑⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛ̀ⲁ̀ⲛⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓⲁ̀ ⲡⲉ ⲉ̀ⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲩⲓ̀ ⲛⲉⲙϯⲁ̀ⲫⲉ ⲛ̀ⲣⲱⲙⲓ oⲩⲟϩ ⲉ̀ⲧⲟϩⲓ ⲉ̀ⲣⲁⲧϥ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛϯⲟⲩⲏϣⲥⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ[[Wp/cop/ⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ (ϯⲙⲓ)|ϯⲠⲉⲣⲥⲓoⲥ]] ⲉⲧϩⲓϫⲉⲛⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱ ⲥⲁⲡⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧ ⲙ̀[[Wp/cop/ⲓⲁⲣⲟ `ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ|Ⲫⲓⲁ̀ⲣⲟ]] ϧⲉⲛ[[Wp/cop/ⲭⲏⲙⲓ|Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ]]. Ⲡϩⲟ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲠⲉⲗϩⲱⲛ ϥ̀ϭⲓⲥⲙⲟⲧ ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ [[Wp/cop/ϣⲉϥⲣⲏ|Ϣⲉϥⲣⲏ]]. Ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲑⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲙ̀ⲃⲏ ⲛ̀ⲁⲡⲁⲥ ⲛ̀ϩⲟⲩⲟ ϧⲉⲛⲬⲏⲙⲓ. Ⲡⲉϥϣⲓⲏ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲛⲉϥϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ϣⲁⲡⲉϥⲥⲁⲧ ⲡⲉ 73 ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϥϭⲓⲥⲓ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛⲧⲉϥⲃⲁⲥⲓⲥ ϣⲁⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲁⲫⲉ ⲡⲉ 20 ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲟⲥⲑⲉⲛ ⲡⲉ 19 ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲟⲛ. == Ⲛⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ == Ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲟⲩⲁϩⲙⲥⲱⲛⲧ ⲡⲉ '''Ⲡⲉⲗϩⲱⲛ''' ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲛ̀ⲥⲁ Ⲁⲗⲙⲉⲕⲣⲓⲍⲓ ϩⲱⲥ Ⲡⲉⲗϩⲉⲓⲃ (ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲁ̀ⲣⲁⲃⲟⲥ: بلهيب). Ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲁ̀ⲣⲁⲃⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ Ⲁ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲁⲗϩⲟⲩⲗ ⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲉ «ⲫⲓⲱⲧ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϯϩⲟϯ» ⲉϥⲗⲟϥⲗⲉϥ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̀ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ. Ⲛⲓⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲡⲁⲥ ⲁⲩϯⲣⲉⲛϥ [[Wp/cop/ϩⲁⲣⲙⲁϣⲓ|Ϩⲁⲣⲙⲁϣⲓ]]. Ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓⲛ ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̀ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ Ⲥⲫⲓⲛⲝ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲱⲛⲧ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲧϩⲫⲉϣϥⲱ ⲛ̀ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓⲛ ⲡⲉ. == Ϯⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ̀ == === Ⲡⲉϥⲣⲉϥⲕⲱⲧ ⲛⲉⲙⲧⲉϥⲭⲣⲉⲓⲁ === ==== Ϣⲉϥⲣⲏ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ ==== Ϯⲙⲉⲑⲃⲁⲗⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲙ̀ⲫⲟⲟⲩⲓ ⲥ̀ϫⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲁⲩⲕⲟⲧϥ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ [[Wp/cop/ϣⲉϥⲣⲏ|Ϣⲉϥⲣⲏ]] ϧⲉⲛ2500 ⲛ̀ⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ ⲉⲧⲥⲁⲧϩⲏ ⲙ̀ⲡϭⲟⲓⲥ. Ⲡⲓⲑⲟⲩⲟϯ ⲛ̀ϯⲣⲁⲥⲟⲩⲓ̀ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲕⲱⲧ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲣⲟ Ⲑⲱⲟⲩⲑⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲇ̅ ⲕⲁⲓⲅⲁⲣ ϥⲉⲣⲗⲱⲟⲩ ⲙ̀Ⲡⲉⲗϩⲱⲛ ⲉ̀Ϣⲉϥⲣⲏ. Ⲉⲧⲁⲩϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲑⲟⲩⲟϯ, ⲛⲉϥϧⲓⲣ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲟⲥⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ:<blockquote>''«...ⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓϥ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲉϩⲉ ⲛⲉⲙϩⲁⲛⲥⲓⲙ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲛⲉϯϩⲱⲥ ⲉⲃⲉⲛⲟϥⲉⲣ...ϣⲉϥ'' (ⲟⲩⲧⲟⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲁⲩⲥⲟⲣⲉⲙ)''...ⲡⲓⲑⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲉⲀⲑⲱⲙϩⲁⲣⲙⲁϣⲓ.»''</blockquote> ==== Ϩⲁⲛⲕⲉⲑⲉⲱⲣⲓⲁ ==== Ϧⲉⲛ1857 Ⲟ̀ⲅⲓⲟⲩⲥⲧ Ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲉⲧ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϩⲓⲥⲉⲛϯ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲡⲓⲙⲟⲩⲥⲉⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ϧⲉⲛ[[Wp/cop/ⲕⲁϣⲣⲱⲙⲓ|ϯⲔⲉϣⲣⲱⲙⲓ]] ⲁϥϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲡⲓⲑⲟⲩⲟϯ ⲛ̀ⲓⲙⲃⲉⲛⲧⲟⲛ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲕⲱⲧ ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̀ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ Ϣⲉϥⲣⲏ ⲁϥⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲛ Ⲡ'''ⲉⲗϩⲱⲛ''' ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲑⲟⲙⲥ ϩⲏⲇⲏ ϧⲉⲛⲡⲓϣⲱ. Ⲕⲁⲛ ϩⲁⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓϧⲓⲣ ϩⲓϫⲉⲛⲡⲁⲓⲑⲟⲩⲟϯ ⲥⲉⲉⲣⲙⲏⲓ, ⲛⲁⲓⲧⲟⲓ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲙⲉⲩⲓ̀ ⲉ̀ⲣⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲛⲟⲩϫ ⲛⲉ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲛ̀ⲛⲓⲟⲩⲏⲃ ⲉ̀ϯⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲉ̀ⲡⲓⲉⲣⲫⲉⲓ ⲙ̀ⲃⲉⲣⲓ ϧⲉⲛⲫⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀[[Wp/cop/ⲏⲥⲓ|Ⲏ̀ⲥⲓ]]. Ⲅⲁⲥⲑⲱⲛ Ⲙⲁⲥⲡⲉⲣⲱ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛ̀ϯⲁⲫⲉ ⲙ̀ⲙⲁϩⲥⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲩⲥⲉⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲁϥⲫⲱⲗϫ ⲉ̀ⲃⲟⲗ ϫⲉϢⲉϥⲣⲏ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲉⲕϣⲱⲕ ⲙ̀Ⲡⲉⲗϩⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ ϥⲉⲣϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲉ̀ⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙⲛⲉϥⲡⲣⲟⲏⲅⲟⲩⲙⲉⲛⲟⲥ. Ⲁϥⲛⲁϩϯ ϫⲉⲠ'''ⲉⲗϩⲱⲛ''' ⲡⲉ «ⲡⲓⲁⲡⲁⲥ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ». ==== Ϩⲁⲛⲑⲉⲱⲣⲓⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ϣⲧⲁϯ ==== Ⲟⲩⲟⲛϩⲁⲛⲙⲏϣ ⲛ̀ϩⲁⲛⲑⲉⲱⲣⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ϣⲧⲁϯ ϩⲱⲥ ϯⲑⲉⲱⲣⲓⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ⲡⲓϫⲓⲛⲉⲣⲗⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̀Ⲟ̀ⲣⲉⲓⲱⲛ, ϯⲑⲉⲱⲣⲓⲁ̀ ⲛ̀ϯϣⲉⲃⲓⲱ̀ ⲛ̀ⲕⲗⲓⲙⲁ, ϯⲑⲉⲱⲣⲓⲁ̀ ⲙ̀Ⲡ'''ⲉⲗϩⲱⲛ'''-[[Wp/cop/ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲡ|Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ]] ⲛⲉⲙϩⲁⲛⲕⲉⲭⲱⲟⲩⲛⲓ. [[Category:Wp/cop]] [[Category:Wp/cop/ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ]] [[Category:Wp/cop/Ⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ ⲛ̀Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q130958}} q36qzfrt5o82djp969iy9zkggvcjg5l 0 3056849 7374220 7315733 2026-10-25T12:54:25Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374220 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Namakkal Fort.jpg|thumb|300px|நாமக்கல் மலைக்கோட்டை]] '''நாமக்கல்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாட்டில்]] உள்ள மாவட்டங்களில் ஒன்று ஆகும். இதன் நிர்வாக மற்றும் தலைமையிடம் நாமக்கல் நகர் ஆகும். ==பார்க்க== ===கோவில்கள்=== *நாமக்கல் அனுமன் கோவில் *அருள்மிகு நரசிம்மர் ஆலயம் *அரங்கநாதர் கோயில் *காளிப்பட்டி கந்தசாமி ஆலயம் *அலவாய்மலை சுருப்ராயர் கோவில் *அரப்பளீஸ்வரர் ஆலயம் *வெண்ணந்தூர் முத்துக்குமார சுவாமி ஆலயம் ===சுற்றுலாத் தலங்கள்=== *கொல்லிமலை *ஜேடர்பாளையம் *மோகனூர் [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு}} {{INTERWIKI|Q9923}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} dkea7wic6s6mux2d0i4i06ur1lyoayj 0 3084773 7374716 5748333 2026-10-26T08:10:58Z Sdf 1644287 Sdf moved page [[Wp/mnp/Lîng-gó̤ng-gṳ̄ing (Dǒ-ṳ́ing Dúing-gṳ̆)]] to [[Wp/mnp/Lîng-gó̤ng-gṳ̄ing (Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ)]]: 國家為主 5748333 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Taiwan_ROC_political_division_map_Lienchiang_County.svg|thumb|right|200px|Lîng-gó̤ng-gṳ̄ing]] '''Lîng-gó̤ng-gṳ̄ing''' (連江縣) sī [[Wp/mnp/Dǒ-ṳ́ing Dúing-gṳ̆|Dǒ-ṳ́ing Dúing-gṳ̆]] "Hŭ-gṳ̿ing-săing" à-tê gŭing gâ̤ cì ciă gṳ̄ing. [[Category:Wp/mnp/Dǒ-ṳ́ing]] [[Category:Wp/mnp]] {{INTERWIKI|Q249872}} 1ck5p3g0xwxxkm04rdiv21iyl0ui515 0 3338817 7374470 5500221 2026-10-25T21:46:30Z Mano Paiva 1531006 Informações. 7374470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/yrl/-yrl-}} {{Wt/yrl/Verbo}} '''kupiri''' # (definição) {{Wt/yrl/Tradução}} *{{Wt/yrl/-en-}} to weed, to hoe *{{Wt/yrl/-pt-}} carpir, roçar [[Category:Wt/yrl]] 0th2d9eh27njs36zp3e4slgbqnblmv9 7374486 7374470 2026-10-26T01:13:36Z Mano Paiva 1531006 Alteração. 7374486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/yrl/-yrl-}} {{Wt/yrl/Verbo}} '''kupiri''' # (definição) {{Wt/yrl/-trad-}} *{{Wt/yrl/-en-}} to weed, to hoe *{{Wt/yrl/-pt-}} carpir, roçar [[Category:Wt/yrl]] t4k9klto32kocxux2pksyi5nog2c0mf 0 3339388 7374316 7172431 2026-10-25T16:22:54Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Bratislava Banner.jpg}} '''பிராத்திஸ்லாவா''' சிலோவாக்கியாவின் தலைநகரமும் மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும் ஆகும். [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1780}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} jmu2bnhbzy9t93108mhkylhwrcadr9v 0 3340790 7374468 7353994 2026-10-25T21:45:57Z Kandarpajit Kallol 431804 /* */ 7374468 wikitext text/x-wiki '''বাঙলাদেশ''' দইন এশিয়ার এক্কান আযাদ দেশ। বাঙলাদেশর দস্তুর মজিন নাম '''গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ'''। বাঙলাদেশর ফস়িনদি [[Wp/ctg/ইন্ডিয়া|ইন্ডিয়া]]র ফসিমবঙ্গ, উতুরদি ফসিমবঙ্গ, আশাম এদ্দে মেগ়ালয়, ফুগদি আশাম, তিফুরা এদ্দে মিজোরাম, দইন-ফুগদি বর্মার সিন এদ্দে আরকান রেইজ্য ; দইন কুলদি বঙ্গদরিয়া আস়ে। ৱুগোলর ই়শাফে দুনিয়ার বেগ্গুনত্তু ডঁ৴র ব-দিয়ার বিরাট এক্কান এলাহা লই বাঙলাদেশ আস়ে। ১৬ কোটিত্তুন বেশি মানুশ লই বাঙলাদেশ দুনিয়ার ৮ লম্বর ডঁর মাঁইঁশঁর দেশ। দইজ্জা মা-র বাঙলাদেশর জবিনর উৰদ্দি ব৴ই গেইয়ে ৫৭ৰা ইন্টারনেশনাল দইজ্জা। বাংলাদেশর উতুর-ফুগ এদ্দে দইন-ফুগদি টারশিয়ারি জুগর ফারঅক্কল স়া৴য় আস়ে। দুনিয়ার বেগ্গিনত্তুন ডঁর মেনগ্রোব জঁ৴ল সুন্দরবন ও বেগ্গুনত্তুন ডঁর আ-ৱেইঙ্গা নেসারাল দরিয়ার কুল ককশোবাজার দরিয়ার কুল বাঙলাদেশত আস়ে। [[Category:Wp/ctg]] 0bapcril3dax1dbbyfsmj2nuxece70l 7374469 7374468 2026-10-25T21:46:22Z Kandarpajit Kallol 431804 /* */ 7374469 wikitext text/x-wiki '''বাঙলাদেশ''' দইন এশিয়ার এক্কান আযাদ দেশ। বাঙলাদেশর দস্তুর মজিন নাম '''গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ'''। বাঙলাদেশর ফস়িনদি [[Wp/ctg/ইন্ডিয়া|ইন্ডিয়া]]র ফসিমবঙ্গ, উতুরদি ফসিমবঙ্গ, [[Wp/ctg/আশাম|আশাম]] এদ্দে মেগ়ালয়, ফুগদি আশাম, তিফুরা এদ্দে মিজোরাম, দইন-ফুগদি বর্মার সিন এদ্দে আরকান রেইজ্য ; দইন কুলদি বঙ্গদরিয়া আস়ে। ৱুগোলর ই়শাফে দুনিয়ার বেগ্গুনত্তু ডঁ৴র ব-দিয়ার বিরাট এক্কান এলাহা লই বাঙলাদেশ আস়ে। ১৬ কোটিত্তুন বেশি মানুশ লই বাঙলাদেশ দুনিয়ার ৮ লম্বর ডঁর মাঁইঁশঁর দেশ। দইজ্জা মা-র বাঙলাদেশর জবিনর উৰদ্দি ব৴ই গেইয়ে ৫৭ৰা ইন্টারনেশনাল দইজ্জা। বাংলাদেশর উতুর-ফুগ এদ্দে দইন-ফুগদি টারশিয়ারি জুগর ফারঅক্কল স়া৴য় আস়ে। দুনিয়ার বেগ্গিনত্তুন ডঁর মেনগ্রোব জঁ৴ল সুন্দরবন ও বেগ্গুনত্তুন ডঁর আ-ৱেইঙ্গা নেসারাল দরিয়ার কুল ককশোবাজার দরিয়ার কুল বাঙলাদেশত আস়ে। [[Category:Wp/ctg]] bidb9cewney7uysquxzd54gdzxzol3t 0 3468877 7374551 6198347 2026-10-26T02:24:53Z Chersie06 2594754 7374551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon |fanmi=non |definisyon= (Pa ekstansyon) Reyinyon oswa asosyasyon moun legal oswa natirèl, ki gen objektif oswa enterè komen. |istwa= |sinonim= kolektiv, komen, konstan, konventyèl, kolektif. |kontrè= |menm non= |wè tou= |fr= communauté |en= community |es= comunidad |de= Gemeinde |referans= |koutwazi= |egzanp=Kominote a reyini pou netwaye katye a}} [[Category:Wt/ht]] qmf4ylxtbyovo31134oicssdl3u62ah 0 3473248 7374548 6213509 2026-10-26T02:21:51Z Chersie06 2594754 7374548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon |fanmi=non |definisyon= Egzèsis fakilte nou konnen ak distenge objè yo. Oswa ,Konesans : Sa yon moun aprann oswa konnen. |egzanp= Jona Pèdi tout konsyans li. |istwa= |sinonim= konsyans, konpreyansyon, konpetans, enstriksyon. |kontrè= enkonsyan, inyoran. |menm non= |wè tou= |fr= connaissance |en= command |es= : conocimiento |de= Kenntnis |referans= |koutwazi= }} [[Category:Wt/ht]] 7v5u9uxs1dm2acefxzub6u7yzoam2hf 0 3473425 7374504 6214301 2026-10-26T01:39:25Z Chersie06 2594754 7374504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon |fanmi=non |definisyon= Modifikasyon plis oswa mwens pwofon nan yon sitiyasyon. |istwa= |egzanp= Li pi bon panse sou chanjman pase chanje abiye an. Edikasyon ka pote chanjman nan sosyete a. |sinonim= modifikasyon, transfòmasyon, revolisyon |kontrè= |menm non= |wè tou= |fr= changement |en= change |es= cambío |de= Changement |referans= |koutwazi= }} [[Category:Wt/ht]] ricwjwo6l9fdfkxey1ndpxxlflqevhq 2 3491052 7374780 7371965 2026-10-26T09:28:42Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 /* */ 7374780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#babel:uk-N|pl-1|en-3|sq-1|syl-1| nyn-0|ses-0|bqi-0|mki-0}} {{Wq/syl/Userbox | border-c = blue | id = [[File:Flag of Ukraine 2.svg|x45px]] | id-c = blue | info = {{#switch: {{{twl|}}} | no = This user |yes = ꠁ ꠛꠦꠛꠀꠞ ꠇꠞ꠆ꠞꠣ {{{through|[[syl:ꠃꠇ꠆ꠞꠦꠘ|'''ꠃꠇ꠆ꠞꠦꠘꠤ ꠘꠣꠉꠞꠤꠇ''']] ꠀꠞ [[am:ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠙꠤꠒꠤꠀꠞ]] ꠡꠝ꠆ꠝꠣꠘꠤ ꠡꠖꠁꠡ꠆ꠡ ⁕}}} |ꠁ ꠛꠦꠛꠀꠞ ꠇꠞ꠆ꠞꠣ [[Wp/syl/ꠃꠇ꠆ꠞꠦꠘ|'''ꠃꠇ꠆ꠞꠦꠘꠤ ꠘꠣꠉꠞꠤꠇ''']] ꠀꠞ [[Wp/syl|ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠙꠤꠒꠤꠀꠞ]] ꠡꠝ꠆ꠝꠣꠘꠤ ꠡꠖꠁꠡ꠆ꠡ ⁕}} }} [[File:Blue and yellow ribbon.svg|80px|link=:w:uk:Русь]] [[File:Blue and yellow ribbon.svg|80px|link=:w:uk:Західноукраїнська Народна Республіка]] [[File:Blue and yellow ribbon.svg|80px|link=:w:uk:Українська Народна Республіка]] [[File:Blue and yellow ribbon.svg|80px|link=:w:uk:Акт проголошення незалежності України]] [[File:Ukraine EU 2.png|80px|link=w:uk:Євромайдан]] [[File:Black ribbon.png|80px||link=[[:w:uk:Битва під Крутами]]]][[File:Stemp Flag and map of Belarus.jpg|80px|link=w:en:Coordination Council (Belarus)]] {{Wy/syl/Userbox | float = right | border-c = steelblue | id = [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|x45px|link=oldwikisource:Main_Page/ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ]] | id-c = white | info = {{#switch: {{{twl|}}} | no = This user|yes = ꠁ ꠛꠦꠛꠀꠞꠇꠞ꠆ꠞꠣꠄ {{{through|[[oldwikisource:Main_Page/ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ|ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠟꠇꠅ]] ꠟꠦꠈꠣꠟꠦꠈꠤ ꠇꠞꠂꠘ ⁕}}} |ꠁ ꠛꠦꠛꠀꠞꠇꠞ꠆ꠞꠣꠄ [[oldwikisource:Main_Page/ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ|ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠟꠇꠅ]] ꠟꠦꠈꠣꠟꠦꠈꠤ ꠇꠞꠂꠘ ⁕}} }} <div style="position: fixed; left: 0; bottom: 0; display: block">[[File:Black ribbon.png|150px|I wish mercy from God to those who lost lives as a result of the earthquakes that took place around Kahramanmaraş-Gaziantep on 6 February 2023 and get well for living victims from the earthquakes.|link=[[:en:2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes]]]]</div> [[User:Пан Хаунд 2/чернетки]] <div style="position: fixed; right: 0; bottom: 0; display: block">[[File:Black ribbon.png|150px|I wish mercy from God to my compatriots that died in that terrible war. |link=[[:en:Russo-Ukrainian war]]]]</div> # [[Template:Str right]] ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Str right|◄]]) # [[Module: Arguments]] ([[Special:WhatLinksHere/Module:Arguments |◄]]) 0e0zndg7gnp1zw5xn8rniotpyf4rosh 0 3513093 7374456 6359899 2026-10-25T21:00:47Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374456 wikitext text/x-wiki Mutelu,Tshilamba ntshilamba tshidi tshibuikila mubidi ne maboko. Ku mbangilu kua siekele wa 21, uvua ne tshilamba tshia ku tshiadi, maboko male, ne butonde kumpala. Shi i mulongolola bua bakaji (mukosa mukumbane, bintu bia kulengeja nabi, ne bikuabu), udi ubikidibua ne: tshilamba tshia kujingila. Bilamba bia balume bidi ne butonde ku dia balume, kadi bilamba bia ku dia bakaji. Tshilamba katshiena ne mulongo to. [[Category:Wp/lua]] 2s4gfvlpg042m5w2ru7z33f95w459o8 7374457 7374456 2026-10-25T21:01:06Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374457 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mutelu''',Tshilamba ntshilamba tshidi tshibuikila mubidi ne maboko. Ku mbangilu kua siekele wa 21, uvua ne tshilamba tshia ku tshiadi, maboko male, ne butonde kumpala. Shi i mulongolola bua bakaji (mukosa mukumbane, bintu bia kulengeja nabi, ne bikuabu), udi ubikidibua ne: tshilamba tshia kujingila. Bilamba bia balume bidi ne butonde ku dia balume, kadi bilamba bia ku dia bakaji. Tshilamba katshiena ne mulongo to. [[Category:Wp/lua]] 7st7ygyca2ncxkx8pnaoaj8lit8nd4k 7374459 7374457 2026-10-25T21:04:02Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374459 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mutelu''',Tshilamba ntshilamba tshidi tshibuikila mubidi ne maboko. Ku mbangilu kua siekele wa 21, uvua ne tshilamba tshia ku tshiadi, maboko male, ne butonde kumpala. Shi i mulongolola bua bakaji (mukosa mukumbane, bintu bia kulengeja nabi, ne bikuabu), udi ubikidibua ne: tshilamba tshia kujingila. Bilamba bia balume bidi ne butonde ku dia balume, kadi bilamba bia ku dia bakaji. Tshilamba katshiena ne mulongo to. [[File:Hemd.jpg|165px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] g2j2s0l49z88mt3a5ds1euy5phhed4s 0 3513275 7374415 7359587 2026-10-25T19:37:58Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374415 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Paul Rouve''', muledibue mu dia makumi abidi ne asambombo ngondo muisatu wa tshidimu tshia tshinunu nkama tshitemba makumi asambombo ne muanda muteketa mu tshimenga tshia Dunkerque, uvua muenza filme ne mufundi wa filme wa mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga|ditunga]] dia [[Wp/lua/France|France]]. [[File:Jean-Paul Rouve Cannes 2016.jpg|160px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] [[Category:Wp/lua/Mìanda ya moyì wa muntu]] {{INTERWIKI|Q949391}} to7py53n1c0vlk3az2x49x9860l8bt5 0 3513449 7374452 6358784 2026-10-25T20:24:15Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374452 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Mutoto''' Mutoto tshidi tshintu tshia mu diulu tshienza ne plasma tshidi tshipatula butoke buatshi nkayatshi ku diambuluisha dia disangisha dia nucleaire, anyi tshintu tshidi mu nsombelu eu mu tshitupa kampanda tshia muoyo watshi, bu mudi mitoto mikese mitoke anyi mitoto ya neutron.[1] Ebi biumvuija ne udi ne tshia kuikala ne bujitu bukese bua luya ne luya mu tshitupa tshia munkatshi—tshitupa tshia munda—bua kulekela bienzedi ebi bia nikleyere kutuadija ne kutungunuka. Kuinshi kua tshipiminu etshi, tshintu etshi tshidi tshiangatshibua bu tshia muinshi mua mitoto. Bujitu bua mitoto budi mua kuikala bufumina ku bujitu bua dîba 0,085 too ne ku bujitu bua dîba bu 100. Bujitu budi bujadika luya ne butoke bua mutoto. 3n59n9x4rs9cc7zepu7mdqlift4omhj 0 3517999 7374453 7248526 2026-10-25T20:39:04Z Zakaria Tunsung 2586001 7374453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q16917}} '''Asɩbɩtɩ''' (naŋsaalɩɩ; Hospital) ɩyɛ jie kaŋa baŋ mɛ bee ŋmaa ka o e laafeeloŋ jie ka ba sagena baaleba.<ref>https://www.who.int/hospitals/en/</ref> O la eyɛ yiri baŋ de tĩĩ booraboora jaa biŋ be kyɛ de tontonneba mine eŋ ka ba maŋ sagena baaleba. Ka enna na nyɛ sori gaa tona a asibiti yiri kaŋa zaa a seŋ ka fo neɛ naŋ gaa [[Wp/wlx/... Sakuuri|sakuuri]] a te zanne gaa nimitɔɔre a taa teɛroŋ kyaare neŋ lɛ baale ne baala zaa na naŋ baŋ nyɛ sambo yineŋ tĩĩ tori na zaa fo na naŋ de ko o. Ka fo zu, poɔ, toore, gbɛɛ, nyɔbogiri, eŋbane zie zaa na ba taa laafeɛ ka fo gaa be fo naŋ nyɛ la sambo. A lɛ wuli ka baaloŋ zaa maŋ taa la o toɔre tĩĩ ane o sambo. A yi a tĩĩ naŋ be o poɔŋ, be la ka ba maŋ kyɔge neɛ ka a na Senne lɛ. A bɔnne vɛŋ la neɛ ne neɛ zaa na be a [[Wp/wlx/Ghana|Ghana]] poɔ taa foto kaŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ ka laafeeloŋ gane ka nansaala meŋ maŋ boɔle ka <nowiki>''</nowiki>[[Wp/wlx/National Health Insurance Scheme|National Health Insurance Scheme]] (NHIS )<nowiki>''</nowiki> ka fõõ na gaa a asibiti yiri a naŋ nyɛ sambo a seŋ ka ka fo de o ona ka baŋ nyɛ a sambo. Ka fõõ ba taa o ba maŋ eŋ la ka yɔ sama mine kyɛ baŋ nyɛ a sambo. A teaching asibiti meŋ sonɔ la noba kyaare ne laafeeloŋ zannoo, science karambiiri ane laafeeloŋ toma sakuuri bie zaa. A laafeeloŋ science zie ne o bele zaa kyɛ o e la kpoŋ gaŋ clinic. Asibiti taa ziire gyamaa ( aŋa wɛroo zie ane baaltɔloŋ zie) ane gɔɔloŋ ziire ka a mine la cardiology. A asibiti mine taa outpatient ziire kyɛ ka a mine.e taa chronic baaloŋ sammo zie. Ziire ba naŋ sonno noba la a teɛnɛɛ zie, pathology ane radiology Asibiti maŋ e la gɔbenneti soɔbo ka ba dere a sama ( ka tɔnɔ bebe bee ka tɔnɔ ba kyɛbe ), laafeeloŋ tontomba nimimaaroŋ zɔrebo lane noba naŋ maŋ de boma kya ne ba. Dasaga na, ŋmepuoribo la da maŋ de a asibiti sama bee nimimaaroŋ zɔrebo ne ba nembɛrɛ. Asibiti pampana ŋa dere noba naŋ baŋ a laafeeloŋ toma soŋ aseŋphysicians, surgeons, nɛɛsere ane and alliemmaroŋ tontomba. Dasaŋa na, a toma ŋa da maŋ e la noba naŋ baŋ a toma bee noba naŋ de ba mine tonɔ ne a toma. Ama, ŋmempuorbu gyamaa aŋa Catholic ŋmempuoribu ba mine la Alexians ane a Bon Secours Sisters naŋ naŋ moɔ nimire ne a asibiti toma a yuomo 1990 naŋ tɔle ane ŋmpuori noba mine, a lane Methodists ane Lutherans, naŋ kaara a asibiti. A yi o yelbiri pare hospitality ka o pare naŋ bebe wa tɔ zenɛ aŋa a Royal Hospital Chelsea, naŋ da piili a yuoni 1681 ka o e nɛɛsire kpɛzie a veteran zɔɔzɔrebɔ. == Yijie == [[File:Hospital.svg|alt=White H on blue background, used to represent hospitals in the US.|thumb|During peacetime, hospitals are often marked by symbols. A white 'H' on a blue background is often used in the United States. During military conflicts, a hospital may be marked with the emblem of the [[Wp/wlx/Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|red cross, red crescent or red crystal]] in accordance with the [[Wp/wlx/Geneva Conventions|Geneva Conventions]].]] White H na be blue background, da maŋ e la asibiti wuluu US. A yuori meŋ naŋ yi a kyɛ la, hospitium wa la ka o wuli asibitiri, lɛ la a yitaaloŋ naŋ be a guest ane shelterer, hospitality, friendliness, ane hospitable reception. A metonymy, a Latin yelbiri paaŋ was wuli la guest-chamber, guest's lodging, ane inn.[5] Hospes paaŋ eɛ a nyaga KO Bɔrefɔ yelbie dieŋ (be a p naŋ e ko boɔlɔɔ 'pronunciations') hospitality, hospice, hostel, ane hotel. A yelbiri pampana yi la Old French romance yelbie hostel, naŋ maale maaroŋ, o yelbiri naŋ da yi a yelbie poɔ, a iruŋ zie naŋ wuli ka o e la circumflex a pampana French yelbiri hôtel. A German yelbiri Spital poŋ la ulli na tɔ. == Bʋʋrabʋʋra == Baaleba mine maŋ gaa la asibiti ka ba te diagnosis, treatment, bee therapy kyɛ yi to gɛrɛ  ("outpatients") kyɛ ba maŋ gaŋ veɛ bieuo; kyɛ ka ba mine maŋ gaŋ a asibiti veɛ zie bee beɛ bebie bee dare mine ane kyuue ("inpatients"). Asibitiri maŋ taa la tɛɛtɛɛloŋ neŋ laafeeloŋ yie mine yi ba naŋ maŋ toɔŋ gaale kyɛ sanne neɛ beɛ bieou kyɛ a mine, naŋ e bilii, maŋ baŋ bigiri la asibiti bilii. === '''General and acute care''' === A asibiti pare soŋ neɛzaa naŋ baŋ la a general hospital, meŋ naŋ e a acute-care hospital. A asibitiri ama maŋ sanna la baaloŋ ane perebo, kyɛ gbɛɛ yaga maŋ taa la emergency department (saŋa kaŋa naŋ e "perebo & emergency") bee trauma center naŋ kaara baale kpeɛnne. Tembɛrɛ naŋ baŋ taa la asibitiri gyamaa sɛgroŋ naŋ waa tɛɛtɛɛ ane zimeɛre. Asibitiri, te gaŋ a zaa anaŋ na be a United States ane Canada, taa la a meŋɛ Ambolanse naŋ tona toma. == Asɩbɩtɩ Tɔnɔ == A [[Wp/wlx/Ghana|Ghana]] paaloŋ zaa te nyɔge a Africa zaa. Asibiti la ka gɔvemati ne noba mine sommo zuiŋ ka ba maŋ mɛ a yie ama ka a gu a teŋɛ noba. A ziiri ama e la ziiri bee yie ba naŋ maŋ mɛ ka a guro noba te seŋ baaleba bee neɛ naŋ beɛrɛ bee baaloŋ naŋ kpɛ neɛ ka o soba bɛ. A Asibiti yie ama maŋ taa la tēē nɛɛ ba naŋ maŋ de sana ne a baalba bebiri zaa ka banaŋ wa kpɛ o poɔ. == Yijie == A Middle wagere na, asibiti da erɛ la yɛlɛ gyamaa a yi Zane ziire kyɛ la yie ko nempaaba, kpeziire ko saama bee laafeeloŋ sakue. A yelbiri asibiti la a Latin yelbiri hospes, naŋ wulu kpeɛmo bee saama ama saana. A yuori kaŋa meŋ naŋ nyɛ yi ne a yelbiri ŋa la hospitium naŋ wulu nenesaaloŋ, naŋ taa yitaaloŋ ne saana ane kpɛzie. A yelbiri yitaaloŋ poɔ,a Latin yelbiri muni bee pare la saana ganzie, saana kpɛzie. A Hospes la e a English yelbipeelaa host( be la ka p da iri bare a booloo zuiŋ)''hospitality'', ''hospice'', ''hostel,'' ane ''hotel''. A sɛgebiri a pampana ŋa naŋ yi a Latin via a Old French romance yelbiri ''hostel'', naŋ s ka o boɔlɔ ba saana a wa ta soga ka ba maŋ iri bare a o iribaroo na poɔ la ka parepegeraa maraa wa a pampana French yelbiri hôtel. A German yelbiri Spital meŋ yi a be . === District === A distiriki asibiti gbɛɛyaga maŋ e la asibiti bɛrɛ laafeeloŋ tontonziire a irigyin poɔ, a taa gadore gyamaa ka kaara ne baaleba,ba naŋ beɛre baaloŋ faa ane ba naŋ na bɛ kɔɔre. California poɔ, " distiriki asibiti e ziyuori kaŋa a ko baaloŋ zaa ba naŋ da maale a yi a Work War II ka toɔ seŋ a asibiti naŋ ba pure a tembilii. Ane a zenɛ, distiriki asibiti la a nemgyamaa asibiti a 9 Colifornas tenne kyɛ la a asibiti yoŋ naŋ e zie noba naŋ na baŋ ta weɛ a tenne 19 na poɔ, ka ŋa maŋ e nembaaba zie ka a toɔ soŋ a tenne awae naŋ na poɔ ka asibiti yaga leɛ poɔ kyɛ ka pampana ka be tɔɔre zaa a tembilii. California's tembilii lezare ne anii asibiti ane a asibiti lezare na bebe poɔ a disitriki asibiti poɔ. A tembilii deme la maale a taa nembɛrɛa tenne deme naŋ iri ka ba kaara ba yelbilii. A taa la tɔna a Sana baaleba naŋ ba taa a laafeeloŋ gane ane baaleba na naŋ taa Medi-Cal (naŋ e California's Medicaid yelnyɔgeraa, naŋ kaara noba ba naŋ na ba taa lebie, bibiiri, nembɛrɛ mine,nembatuone, pɔgepɔɔre) A yuoni 2012 poɔ, distiriki asibiti maŋ kaa baaleba naŋ ta $54 million a California poɔ === Gɔɔloŋ === [[File:Starship Children's Health Auckland.jpg|thumb|[[Wp/wlx/Starship Children's Health|Starship Children's Health]], a [[Wp/wlx/Children's hospital|children's hospital]] in [[Wp/wlx/Auckland|Auckland]], New Zealand]] [[File:McMasterUMedical.jpg|thumb|[[Wp/wlx/McMaster University Medical Centre|McMaster University Medical Centre]], a teaching hospital in [[Wp/wlx/Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton, Ontario]]]] [[File:AIIMS -New Delhi's Ward Block.jpg|thumb|[[Wp/wlx/All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]], a large teaching hospital in [[Wp/wlx/India|India]]]] Asibiti gɔɔloŋ e la zie naŋ e o toɔraa naŋ maŋ yɛlɛ ayi bee boŋyeni kaŋa zie yoŋ toma. A mine la leɛmaaloo asibiti, bibiiri asibiti, nembɛrɛ ( geriatric ) asibiti, long team acute care asibiti ane asibiti naŋ kaara baaloŋ kaŋa bal naŋ e o toɔraa lɛ ka a mine ; yeŋ baaloŋ,(nyɛ yeŋ baaloŋ yɛlɛ), cancer sammo, baaloŋ mine kaŋa booro, ka a mine la; cardiac, oncology, bee orthopedic yɛlɛ, ane a mine kaŋa. Germany poɔ, asibiti gɔɔloŋ ba boɔlɔ a ''Fachkrankenhaus''; a seŋ mine e la an Fachkrankenhaus Coswig (thoracic surgery). India poɔ, asibiti gɔɔre ba boɔlɔ a la ''super-specialty hospitals'' ka a waa a tɔɔraa lɛ ne a taaba na naŋ erɛ yɛlɛ yaga. Asibiti gɔɔre na baŋ soŋ la laafeeloŋ sane siŋ ka foo naane ana ne asibiti yɛrɛɛ lɛ. Aseŋ, Narayana Health's cardiaclaafeeloŋ zie na be Bangalore a ka ba gɔɔloŋ e pecialises in cardiac sugyire wɛroo a maŋ kaa baaleba gyamaa. O taa la gɔdɔre naŋ ta 3,000 a maŋ wɛre noba 3,000 yuoni zaa ba la maŋ taa a noba yaga a ba asibiti na poɔ. Noba naŋ wɛrɛ maŋ yuo la lieba ba naŋ beŋ ko neɛzaa ka noba naŋ wɛrɛ wa e yaga a asibiti maŋ kaa la nankoɔroŋ yɛlɛ kyɛ ŋmaa a daa bare. Gɔɔre asibiti meŋ na baŋ toŋ la toma yeltuuri wɛroo yɛlɛ === Teaching === A teaching asibiti maŋ Sana la baaloŋ gyamaa ko baaleba kyɛ la wulu ba naŋ na meŋ naŋ boɔrɔ ka ba wa leɛ emaaroŋ tontoneba ka ba mine dɔɔtare karambiiri, nɛɛsire karambiiri. O meŋ na baŋ waa la Medical sakuuri bee nɛɛsere sakuuri, kyɛbee medical peɛpeɛrebɛ. Karambiiri meŋ na baŋ zanne lafeeloŋ toma a asibiti poɔ. === Clinics === [edit source] Clinics gbɛɛ yaga maŋ kaara la noba naŋ yi ziire wa kyɛ ta a mne na baŋ taa la baaleba gɔdɔre fee lɛ ane noba naŋ e fee a kaara a baaleba ka fo na baŋ nyɛ a ŋaa meŋ asibiti meŋɛ poɔ. === Departments or wards === A asibiti taa la ganziire boŋyeni bee ayi naŋ maŋ gɔdɔre ko a baaleba. O meŋ na la baŋ tona la yɛlɛ yaga ka a mine la yelferaa ganzie, wɛroo die, ane intensive care zie, ane medical gɔɔloŋ ziire. Asibiti naŋ taa a boma zaa na baŋ e trauma zie. A meŋ na baŋ tɔna la toma gyamaa ka a mine la teeɛnɛɛ zie, radiology, pathology, ane medical laboratories. A asibiti mine taa la baalegurebo gamziire ka a mine la meŋɛ taabo zie, nyemɛ zie, ane le maaloo ziire. Asibiti meŋ na baŋ yaa la nɛɛsire ziire ka a nɛɛsi kpoŋ maŋ kaara. A zie ŋa e la a tontomba yoŋ ztie, peɛrepeɛreba ane bɛŋɛ ko a asibiti. A ziire mine taa a nɛɛsire ane a dɔɔtare naŋ maŋ kaara ba bambu ziire. Aseŋ, a intensive care zie, a dɔɔta la seŋ ka o kaara a teɛnɛɛ a medical yɛlɛ kyɛ ka a nɛɛsire kpoŋ kaara a nɛɛsire zaa zu. Sommo zie meŋ na baŋ poɔ la medical yɛlɛ ziire, a duoro ziire, kompiita bammo ziire clinical engineering, zie kaabo fitindigili yɛlɛ, bondizie ane wɔɔkyimaan ziire. === Remote monitoring === A COVID-19 pandemic la da wane a ganziire gyamaa maaloo a yi a British NHS. Baaleba da maŋ saŋ la yie poɔ, ka ba kaara ba mine vooroŋ a ne vooroŋ saturation probe ka naŋ wa moɔ ka tagaraa meŋ poɔ. A West Hertfordshire asibitiNHS sagediibu toɔ soŋ la noba 1200 ba yie poɔ a yi March kyuu ane a June kyuu a yuoni 2020 kyɛ naŋ boɔrɔ ka naŋ erɛ la ka a COVID-19 wa baare, a piiluu noba naŋ taa vooroŋ baaloŋ. Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust piili la a COVID Oximetry@Home toma a April kyuu a yuoni 2020. A ŋaa vɛŋɛɛ ka ba toɔ kaa noba naŋ pare 5000 bebiri zaa ba yie poɔ. A technology vɛŋɔɛ ka nɛɛsire, baaleba ka toɔ kaa yelwonni mine ka mine la vooroŋ semmo. == Teŋkori-yɛla == ===== Dakoroŋ yɛlɛ ===== Dakore saŋa India, Fa Xian, a Chinese Buddhist monk naŋ da tu sori vilikoli a  India c. AD 400, da peɛre nyɛ la teseŋ ziiri mine.<ref>"[https://www.who.int/hospitals/en/ Hospitals]". World Health Organization. Retrieved 24 January 2018</ref>Yi a  Mahavamsa yeluu zie, a saŋa na chronicle ko Sinhalese royalty, naŋ da sɛge century ayoɔbo soba AD, King Pandukabhaya ko Sri Lanka (r. 437–367 BC) da maŋ gaŋ-la-yiri ane asibitiri poɔ (Sivikasotthi-Sala).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-15</ref> A asibiti ane tēēne nyooro zie meŋ da be la Gundeshapur, teŋkpoŋ naŋ be southwest a Sassanid Persian Empire a da piili AD 271 yi Shapur I.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-16</ref> A dakore saŋa Greece, temples naŋ da bebe ko healer-god Asclepius, ba mine maŋ boɔle ka Asclepeion da tona la  tēēne manne-kɔrɔ, prognosis, ane sansanna.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-17</ref>A Asclepeia da ŋmɛ yaare la gaa Roman Empire. Kyɛ public healthcare da ba kyebe a  Roman Empire, Sogyare asibiti naŋ e valetudinaria da tona la a sogyare  barracks a maŋ sanne a sogyare ane gbaŋgbaare naŋ be a zie na.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-ziegler-18</ref>Danseɛ wulluu wuli ka  civilian asibitiri mine, naŋ na ba kyebe a Roman noba yagroŋ, da eɛ boma naŋ da mɛ a taa meŋɛ suobo ko noba mine a  Roman households naŋ be teŋɛŋ lambogri ko a yiri na, kyɛ ka a yel-eroŋ ŋa na da baare 80 AD.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-19</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> File:Kos Asklepeion.jpg|View of the ''Askleipion'' of [[Wp/wlx/Kos|Kos]], the best preserved instance of an Asklepieion File:Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine.jpg|Ruins of a two thousand-year-old hospital were discovered in the historical city of [[Wp/wlx/Anuradhapura|Anuradhapura]] [[Wp/wlx/Mihintale|Mihintale]] Sri Lanka. </gallery> == Middle Ages == A yeluu ko a Khristo biiri naŋ da sage yi a ŋmempuoruu noba a Roman Empire da wanne la yɛloŋ ko saabo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica</ref> Tuuru a kansil dɛndɛŋ ko a Nicaea a AD 325 asibiti meɛbo a cathedral paaloŋ da piilee, te paale a asibiti dɛndɛŋ soba naŋ da mɛ yi Saint Sampson naŋ be Constantinople ane Basil, bishop ko Caesarea a saŋa na Turkey bebiri.<ref>http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07480a.htm</ref> Yi a twelfth century, Constantinople da taa la asibitiri ayi naŋ da taa bonzaa, tontonneba naŋ e dɔɔtare naŋ da e dɔɔba ane pɔgeba zaa. Zimeɛre paale la wagere kaŋa zaa neŋ o baaloo sambo ane sambo yeltuuri naŋ senne ane di-zagelaa kaŋa naŋ da deɛre baalsaŋgaraa mine.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_medicine</ref> Qalawun complex kpeɛbo zie naŋ be Cairo, Egypt, naŋ taa Mansuri asibiti. A neɛzaa asibiti dɛndɛŋ a Islamic tendaa da mɛ 805 a Baghdad yineŋ Harun Al-Rashid.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-Glubb-24</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-23</ref> A yi 10th century, Baghdad da taa la asibiti gyamaa, kyɛ Damascus meŋ taa asibiti ayoɔbo a  15th century, kyɛ ka Córdoba yoŋ meŋ taa asibi-kpoŋ lezaɛ ayi ne pie (50), gyamaa zie naŋ da taa suobo ko a sogyare, a yuoni baaroo ko a 15th century.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170321170327/http://www.aramcoworld.com/en-US/Articles/March-2017/The-Islamic-Roots-of-the-Modern-Hospital</ref> A Islamic bimaristan da e la zie meŋ na da e asibiti na maŋ kaara baaleba, kyɛ meŋ da e nɛɛsere zie ane lunatic asylum. O yelnimizeɛ la ka o korɔ nandeme sambo, ka nandaaneba naŋ na boɔrɔ ka ba maŋ wa sanneba ba yieŋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-nlm-26</ref> Asibitiri saŋa na da la a dɛndɛŋ deme naŋ da boɔrɔ dɔɔta kyɛ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-29</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1676324</ref> Asibiti da ba tona yi merɛ mine naŋ maŋ zagera bara baaleba mine naŋ na ba taa sambo libie.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240121222733/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/islamic_medical/islamic_12.html</ref> A asibitiri ama da taa la libie sommo yi waqfs, meŋ naŋ da e a gɔbena libie.<ref name=":0" /> A India, gɔbena asibitiri da tona a Firuz Shah Tughlaq  saŋa 14th century. The Mughal emperor Jahangir a 17th century da mɛ la asibitiri tembɛrɛ poore ane gɔbenɛnte libie ane wuluu kyaare neŋ lɛ a saŋyɔɔ ane sommo mine naŋ maŋ yi a gɔbenɛnte zie.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-02580-5</ref> A China, yi a Song Dynasty, a teŋɛ da piilee deɛrɛ social welfare  functions naŋ da maŋ yi  Buddhist monasteries ane instituted gɔbenɛnte asibitiri, hospices ane dispensaries.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1097%2FMC9.0000000000000041</ref> === '''Early modern and Enlightenment Europe''' === [[File:Ancien-Hopital.jpg|thumb|A hospital ward in 6th century [[Wp/wlx/France|France]]]] A Europe na be a medieval concept of Christian care da paale la a 16th ane 17th centuries. A England, monasteries naŋ da ba la tona a 1540 yi King Henry VIII, a Ŋmeneyiri da iri ba nuuri yineŋ a sommo ko a asibiti, kyɛ da tuuru mere yi a noba naŋ be a London, la da e a asibiti St Bartholomew's, St Thomas's ane St Mary of Bethlehem's (Bedlam) da e a zenneba; ŋaa la da e a sommo dɛndɛŋ soba naŋ da yi ko a asibiti. A 1682, Charles II la da piili a Royal Asibiti Chelsea a da e sogya naŋ gaa pɛnnoo ka naŋ e Chelsea Pensioners, a saŋa na ba naŋ maŋ yele a yelbiri ka "asibiti" a vɛŋ ka o e almshouse.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-32</ref>Yuomo pie saŋa, Mary II piilee a Royal Asibiti ko Seamen, Greenwich, ane yelzu boɔbo yeni.[[File:Guy's Hospital00.jpg|thumb|left|1820 engraving of [[Wp/wlx/Guy's Hospital|Guy's Hospital]] in London, one of the first voluntary hospitals to be established in 1724]] [[File:Ruinas San Nicolas de Bari CCSD 09 2018 1414.jpg|thumb|Ruins of the [[Wp/wlx/Hospital San Nicolás de Bari|Hospital San Nicolás de Bari]] in [[Wp/wlx/Santo Domingo|Santo Domingo]], [[Wp/wlx/Dominican Republic|Dominican Republic]], recognized by UNESCO for being the oldest hospital built in the Americas.<ref>{{Wp/wlx/Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/526|title=Colonial City of Santo Domingo. Outstanding Universal Value|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre website}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/wlx/Cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/dominican-republic/santo-domingo/attractions/ruinas-del-hospital-san-nicolas-de-bari/a/poi-sig/1182163/358037|website=[[Wp/wlx/Lonely Planet|Lonely Planet]]|title=Ruinas del Hospital San Nicolás de Barí}}</ref> Built between 1514 and 1541.]] <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-33</ref>A voluntary asibitiri toma piilee 18th century, ane asibitiri naŋ da taa sommo London a yi 1720s, te paale Westminster asibiti (1719) naŋ da do saa yi private bank C. Hoare ane Co neŋ Guy's Hospital (1724) naŋ taa sommo yi bequest of the wealthy merchant, Thomas Guy. Asibitiri mine meŋ da la piili la London ane British tenne mine a century mine, gyamaa yaga da nyɛ la yɔɔbo yi private subscriptions. St Bartholomew's naŋ be London da nyɛ la leɛmeɛbo yi1730 te tɔ 1759,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-39</ref> ane a London asibiti, Whitechapel, yuobu naŋ da e 1752. A asibitiri ama eɛ a leɛbo ko a piiluu ko a asibiti toma; a piili la neŋ la ka o e zibilee lɛ a sanna baaleba a leɛ e asibiti yiri leɛ maaloo ane zikpoŋ ko zannoo ane nyooro ko noba na boɔrɔ ka leɛ dɔɔtaare ane nɛɛsere. Wagere mine poɔ maŋ toŋ la kyɛ wɛrwɛreba ane dɔɔtare maŋ toŋ la kyɛ de ba bammo ko noba mine a asibiti poɔ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-40</ref>Ba maŋ leɛ la ka ba e nensaama mine a maŋ vɛŋ yelfere mine kpeɛrɛ a asibiti poɔ ka ba ba toɔnɔ kaara kyɛ korɔ baaleba tēēne a asibiti poɔ. A Charité da yi la Berlin naŋ be 1710 yi King Frederick I naŋ be Prussia a taa sagebo yi plague. Voluntary asibitiri meŋ yɛrɛɛ gaa la Colonial America; Bellevue Asibitiri naŋ be New York City piilee 1736, a da e  workhouse dɛndɛŋ soba kyɛ wa tɔsɔgɔ leɛ e asibiti; Pennsylvania asibiti ko Philadelphia naŋ piili 1752, New York asibiti, naŋ leɛ e Weill Cornell Medical Center<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-41</ref> naŋ be New York City a piili 1771, ane Massachusetts neɛzaa asibiti naŋ be Boston a piili 1811. Vienna General Hospital naŋ da piili 1784 a e a tendaa zaa asibiti kpoŋ, physicians da de la zimeɛre mine naŋ da vɛŋ a zie yuo a leɛ e zie naŋ soma neŋ peɛroo yeltare.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-42</ref> A Enlightenment era charitable nhaabo da eɛ  dispensary; a yele ama da naŋ soŋ la nandeme neŋ baalo saamo weɛ lɛ. A London Dispensary yuo la o dendoɛ 1696 a e asibiti bilee kaŋa naŋ da be a  British Empire. A teɛroŋ ŋa da nyɛ la eebo yi 1770s,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-43</ref> a when organisations ama taa da taa nyaabo, te paale Public Dispensary of Edinburgh (1776), a Metropolitan Dispensary ane Charitable Fund (1779) ane a Finsbury Dispensary (1780). Dispensaries meŋ da piili la New York 1771, Philadelphia 1786, ane Boston 1796.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-44</ref>A Royal Naval asibiti, Stonehouse, Plymouth, da eɛ pioneer ko a asibiti a maale taa "pavilions" ko o sigiri a baaloŋ yɛroŋ. John Wesley da wa nyɛ ba la1785, a da yeli ka "N ba nyɛ yelzaa naŋ wuli ka o baarɛɛ la; bonzaa bebe la, kyɛ sereŋ taa veɛloŋ. Kyɛ bonzaa ba kyebe naŋ wuli ka o ba soma, kɛ tesɛlaa kaŋa zaa ba kyebe, naŋ wuli bebe bee ba bebee." A yi revolutionary maalok da vɛŋ la noba baŋ John Howard, a philanthropist. A 1787 a French gɔbenɛnte tere la scholar administrators, Coulomb ane Tenon, naŋ da gaa asibitiri yaga naŋ be Europe.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-45</ref> Ba poore zaa da pɛllɛɛ la ba naŋ da nyɛ a "pavilion" maaloo da taa yitaaloŋ neŋ  France a Europe gbulli zaa. ===== 19th dakoroŋ ===== English physician Thomas Percival (1740–1804) da sɛge la comprehensive system ko medical conduct, Medical Ethics; bee, a Code ko Institutes ane Precepts, naŋ taa sagedēēbo ko Professional Conduct ko Physicians ane Surgeons (1803) naŋ taa gama noɔre ba naŋ noɔrɔ.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1081608</ref> A 19th century yuonkyɛlɛɛ poɔ, asibitiri ane a medical profession da maale eɛ professionalised, neŋ a reorganisation ko a asibiti wederebɛ a yi  bureaucratic ane administrative lines. A Apothecaries Act 1815 da vɛŋ la k o e kparaama ko a medical students na zanne yuonkyɛlɛɛ na paale a ba zannoo dɔlɔ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Porter</ref> Florence Nightingale pioneered a modern profession ko nɛɛsere a saŋa na a Crimean War na da e onaŋ da maale bondemannewulaa ko compassion, commitment ko baalba ane diligent eŋ poɔ thoughtful hospital administration. A nɛɛse dɛndɛŋ sakuuri, a Nightingale School ko nɛɛsere, da piilee la 1860, neŋ ba boɔbo ka ba wuli nɛɛsere ka ba maŋ tona asibitiri poɔ, a naŋ tona korɔ nandeme kyɛ naŋ kaara ba meŋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-48</ref>Nightingale da eɛ instrumental onaŋ da leɛrɛ a asibitiri waaloŋ, yi o naŋ da maala dɛgere yeltare kyɛ naŋ leɛrɛ a asibiti enfuomo yineŋ zie na baalba naŋ na kpi, te eŋ zie naŋ e recuperation ane healing. O paaŋ da la kaa la a tona kyaare neŋ  statistical measurement yineŋ lɛnɛɛ ba naŋ na nyɛ intervention kyɛ daa tɔle nimitɔɔre ko administrative reform a asibitiri poɔ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-49</ref>A 19th century baaroo, a saŋa na asibitiri da piilee deɛre la waaloŋ neŋ  public ane private asibitiri yele. A 1870s, asibitiri taa la baalba naŋ na baŋ gaŋ 3,000. A continental Europe naŋ e asibiti paala da mɛ la kyɛ naŋ boɔrɔ sommo. A National Health Service, naŋ e a sɛkyiri  ko laafeeloŋ yele a United Kingdom, da piilee 1948. A saŋa na ko a nineteenth century, a ayi soba ko a Viennese Medical sakuuri da eɛ sommo ko a physicians teseŋ Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky, Josef Škoda, Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra, ane Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis. Basic medical science expanded ane specialisation advanced. Na yelpaale meŋ, a dermatology dɛndɛŋ, nimiri, toori, nyɛboori, ane kɔkɔre asibiti a tendaa da piilee a Vienna, naŋ da e a dɔgebo ko tēēnsonne mine.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-50</ref> ==== '''20th dakoroŋ Kyɛ Naŋ Gɛrɛ''' ==== [[File:Cabell Huntington Hospital 2014.jpg|thumb|[[Wp/wlx/Cabell Huntington Hospital|Cabell Huntington Hospital]] located in [[Wp/wlx/Huntington, West Virginia|Huntington, West Virginia]] (2014)]] A 19th baaro saŋa ane 20th centuries piiluu saŋa, mɛdikal zɛge duobu teseŋ anesthesia ane sterile gɔɔloŋ naŋ na baŋ e wɛroŋ ka ba e tuo, ane maasumɛ mine naŋ bebe teseŋ X-rays, naŋ kyaa vɛŋ la a asibiti ka o taa ennyagre kyaare neŋ baalba sambo.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/25/opinion/hospitals-becoming-obsolete.html</ref> Saŋa na Asibitiri maŋ manne la ziiri faŋa naŋ bebe teseŋ kpeɛbo semmo, Lɛ fo naŋ na be seŋ, wagere kɔɔroŋ semmo a toma poɔ, baala sanne taabo, baalba gaaloo noɔre, poɔŋ baalba kuuŋ.<ref>https://guidingmetrics.com/content/hospital-industrys-10-most-critical-metrics/</ref> A United States, a asibiti poɔ kpeɛbo zɛge do la saa a 1981 neŋ 171 baalba kpeɛbo neŋ 1,000 Americans ane 6,933 baalba.[50] A kpeɛbo da la sigi la  leɛ la puor, ane baalba kpeɛbo sigi puli te gaŋ 10% ane semmo a US asibitiri sigi puli yi 6,933 a 1981 te tɔ 5,534 a 2016.<ref name=":1">https://www.aha.org/statistics/fast-facts-us-hospitals</ref> Ba naŋ na be a asibiti poɔ meŋ sigi puli neŋ 77% a 1980 te tɔ 60% a 2013.<ref name=":2" /> A ananso ko a yele ama la baalkpeɛne sannebo  ziiri mine teseŋ yiiri poɔ  bee ɔfere poɔ ane a therapeutic neŋ life-threatening yaga enfuomo a asibitiri poɔ a nimie poɔ a public.<ref name=":3">https://web.archive.org/web/20111015060229/http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/pdfs/hai/infections_deaths.pdf</ref><ref name=":1" />A US, baala naŋ baŋ gaŋ la a asibiti godo-zuŋ, kyɛ naŋ baŋ wuli ka ba bare o la  ane "under observation" bee naŋ ba naŋ baŋ gaale o la a asibiti poɔ.<ref>http://www.cmsdocs.org/news/two-midnight-and-observation-rule</ref> A U.S., inpatient maŋ gaŋ la a deɛrɛ sannebo Part A, kyɛ ka asibiti na baŋ gaale la baala ka o be kaanyaabo naŋ na baŋ nyɛ sannebo yi  Medicare Part B, kyɛ vɛŋ a baala eŋ additional coinsurance costs.<ref name=":4" /> A 2013, a zie ko laafeeloŋ ane Medikad sɛvese (CMS) la piili a "two-midnight" merɛ ko a baalba gaaloŋ,[56] a taa teɛroŋ ka o sigiriŋ a kɔgroŋ kyaare  "kaanyaabo wagere" gaaloo naŋ de e neŋ barebo.<ref name=":3" /> A merɛ ŋa da ba la tonɔ  2018.<ref name=":2" /> A 2016 ane 2017, laafeeloŋ leɛmaaloo ane sigiroŋ a gaaloo nyaabo a US asibiti poɔ laafeeloŋ yeltare naŋ na ba nyɛ libie.<ref>https://hbr.org/2017/10/how-u-s-hospitals-and-health-systems-can-reverse-their-sliding-financial-performance</ref>Asibiti-bili, na taa godori yaga a yi anii te tɔ lezaɛ ayi ne pie, la yɛrɛɛ la United States.<ref>https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/facilities-management/5-common-questions-about-micro-hospitals-answered.html</ref> Yitaaloŋ, baale kpaarema di zagelaa  mine, na maŋ leɛre baalba naŋ seŋene inpatient sambo a asibiti, da taa la neɛzaa nyaabo a 1970s<ref name=":5">https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20140927/MAGAZINE/309279952/when-the-tiny-hospital-can-t-survive-free-standing-eds-with-primary-care-seen-as-new-rural-model</ref> kyɛ na yɔle a vilikoli a  have since  United States zaa poɔ.<ref name=":5" /> A Katoli ŋmendie la e la  boŋkpoŋ naŋ be a  non-government terebo ko a laafeeloŋ terebo yelgare a tendaa.<ref>https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144793259</ref> O taa la asibitibilii naŋ na baŋ ta 18,000, 16,000 yie ko nembɛrɛ ane bana naŋ boɔrɔ maale kaabo, ane 5,500 asibitiri, neŋ 65% naŋ be a tenne naŋ na baara.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-World_Development_p.40-62</ref> A yuoni 2010 poɔ, a tendaa laafeeloŋ zimeɛre.<ref>https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/18624/catholic-hospitals-comprise-one-quarter-of-worlds-healthcare-council-reports</ref> ====== Sommo ====== [[File:KB Dubrava Zagreb.jpg|thumb|[[Wp/wlx/Clinical Hospital Dubrava|Clinical Hospital Dubrava]] in [[Wp/wlx/Zagreb|Zagreb]], Croatia]] Asibiti bile Dubrava naŋ be Zagreb, Croatia Pampanna asibiti nyɛ la sommo yineŋ ziiri gyamaa. Ba maŋ baŋ nyɛ la sommo yi meŋɛ yɔɔbo ane laafeeloŋ ganne bee gɔbena bondaare, charitable sommo. A United Kingdom, a  laafeeloŋ ganne maŋ tere la laafeeloŋ ko  noba naŋ yi a be kyɛ naŋ kpeɛrɛ a be ka sommo ba yi a teŋɛŋ " ka maŋ e weɛlɛ a teroŋ poɔ", ane baale feraa kaabo mɔlɔ ko neɛ la neɛzaa ka fooŋ gba ba yi a be. Yi a asibiti boɔbo ka ba wuli a ba bontare naŋ seŋ lɛ, yele be la a teŋɛ naŋ kyɛlɛ ka ba nyɛ a 'yɛlɛ na' kyɛ la a  baaloo naŋ ba maale e nimizeɛ sammo, lɛ wuli ka banaŋ na toɔŋ nyɛ a na taa la meŋɛ laafeeloŋ sammo wieouŋ wieouŋ lɛ.<ref>http://www.nzherald.co.nz/organisation/story.cfm?o_id=366&objectid=10487870</ref> A United States, asibitiri maŋ yuo la somennoŋ kyɛ ta wagere kaŋa e tonɔ boɔbo bone, teseŋ a HCA asibiti.<ref>https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/health/2006-04-25-new-orleans-hospitals-usat_x.htm</ref>a yeltuuri ane a libiyɔɔ maŋ wuli la yineŋ sanne ŋmara; azuiŋ, a daaro ama naŋ bar sigi la puli ko a asibiti ka o nyɛ asibitiri nyɔgetaaloŋ.<ref>https://www.ajmc.com/journals/issue/2017/2017-vol23-n4/battling-the-chargemaster-a-simple-remedy-to-balance-billing-for-unavoidable-out-of-network-care</ref> Merɛ wuli la asibitiri maŋ bɔ laafeeloŋ ko baalba a nyɔvore sammo yele ka a paaŋ wuli ka a baala na baŋ yɔɔ la a sanne bee kombaŋ yɔɔ a.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Medicare_%26_Medicaid_Services</ref> Someŋɛ sommo ko asibitiri naŋ gaale baalba e naŋ ba sereŋ baŋ a  kparaama yeltare maŋ baŋ nyɛ la bondaaneŋ leebo, teseŋ a yele baaro ko a Hurricane Katrina.<ref>https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/health/2006-04-25-new-orleans-hospitals-usat_x.htm</ref> ===== '''Yelsonne ane Laafeeloŋ''' ===== A yelsonne naŋ be a asibiti poɔ saa  duobu maale e la yeli naŋ be a tendaa poɔ, asibitiri saa duobu seŋ ka a maale eŋ tobo kyɛlebo ko a yelzu ŋa. Meŋɛ nyooroo ko yelsonne e la bone naŋ seŋ ka o yelnimizeɛ ka ba peɛre a asibiti yele ama poɔ, ane asibiti e la bone naŋ na baŋ vɛŋ a yele nyɛ eebo. A tendaa lamboori mine a accreditation maŋ yi la a teŋɛŋ, ziwaaloŋ naŋ e tendaa laafeeloŋ bambo, yi laŋgbullo teseŋ  Accreditation Canada naŋ be Canada, a Joint Commission naŋ be U.S., a Trent Accreditation Scheme naŋ be Great Britain, ane a Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) na be France. A England, asibiti maŋ nyɛ la kaabo yi a laafeeloŋ kaabo faŋa naŋ ta. A 2020, ba leɛ la ba teɛroo kyaare  asibiti ko bondiiri semmo  a yi baalba ayoɔpoi naŋ da kpi a listeria linked ko pre-packaged sandwiches ane salads a 2019, yeli ka " bondisonne ba diibu ane koɔnyuuri meŋ paale la a baalba baaloŋ laafeeloŋ ."<ref>https://www.hsj.co.uk/quality-and-performance/cqc-to-inspect-hospitals-on-food-standards-after-patient-deaths/7028974.article</ref> A World Health Organization da tere la duoruu a 2011 ka gaaloo asibiti poɔ ba maŋ soma gaŋ fo naŋ na bare o. Tenda gbulli zaa, a baala zunoɔ o naŋ na nyɛ ba maale sammo a asibiti da na baŋ taɛ la 10%, kyɛ a vuo o naŋ na kpi a yi ba maale sammo meŋ na baŋ e 300. Yeluu yi Liam Donaldson. 7% baalba gaaloo tenne naŋ na baara, ane 10% tembaare, nhɛ la acquire health care-associated infection yeni. A  U.S., 1.7 million baalba la be a asibiti yuoni zaa, naŋ gɛrɛ ka o e 100,000 kūūni, nambare naŋ zɛge do saa gaŋ a Europe be o naŋ e  4.5 million baalba ane 37,000 kuuni.<ref name=":6">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-69</ref> '''Meɛbo guuluŋ''' Pampanna asibitiri meɛroŋ taa la kããma mine naŋ na sigiri a toma ko tontonneba kyɛ vɛŋ ka a e contamination naŋ na maŋ vɛŋ a e nyageroŋ a zie zaa. Sori tuubu ko tontonneba naŋ be a asibiti poɔ ane a sortuubu ko baalba na be ziiri. A meɛroŋ meŋ seŋ ka o mɛ a toɔŋ vɛŋ dɔlɔ gyamaa kpɛ o poɔ teseŋ radiology ane wɛroŋ deri kyɛ  naŋ taa vuo ko special wiring, plumbing, ane waste disposal seŋ ka o e kparaama ko a maaloo poɔŋ.<ref name=":7">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annmarie_Adams</ref> A yi a be, asibiti gyamaa, teseŋ a ana naŋ wuli ka a e la "dakore boma", e la boma naŋ yi continual kyɛ gbɛɛ yaga ba maŋ maale taa duobu yuomo mine, ane utilitarian new sections naŋ e boɔbo ane libie taabo feroŋ. Azuiŋ, Dutch architectural historian Cor Wagenaar boɔle la asibitiri gyamaa: "... mɛ catastrophes naŋ taa kaabo yi vast bureaucracies, kyɛ na taa tona yi o tonnoɔre zieŋ banaŋ maale o  ... A maŋ eɛ tuo ka a baŋ toŋ toma, anaŋ maŋ soma ka a vɛŋ baalba maŋ taa teɛrsonne ka na yiriŋ ba be, a maŋ waana ne la stress ane anxiety."<ref name=":8">https://web.archive.org/web/20071017220150/http://www.odemagazine.com/doc/35/healing_by_design</ref> Asibiti-paala mine boɔrɔ la pampana ka ba la leɛ maale naŋ na baŋ kaa a baala yɛŋ boɔbo nyaabo, teseŋ maŋ boɔrɔ sase-sonne, maale nyaamo ane yele waaloŋ nimipɛl mine. A teɛroŋ ama leɛ gaa la a eighteenth century, be a teɛroŋ kyaare neŋ sase-sonne boɔbo ane nyaabo kyaare 'healing powers ko nature' da la a dɛndɛŋ soba naŋ da taa deɛbo a asibiti architects ka la leɛ mɛ ba zimeɛre.<ref name=":8" /> A peɛroo ko a British mɛdikal kpaaroŋ wuli ka asibiti sonne maaloo naŋ baŋ sigiri la  baalba sammo wagere. Wulluu ko a bebiri ŋmenaa eɛ bone naŋ na baŋ soŋ a sigiri depression.<ref>https://hbr.org/2015/10/better-healing-from-better-hospital-design</ref> maŋ soŋ la baalba ka ba taa meŋɛ tɛgɛ sammo ane gyeremɛ. Asibiti ane ziwaaloŋ wuluu meŋ eɛ yelsoŋ – naŋ boɔrɔ ka ba sanne baalba poteɛte kyɛ sigiri ba zēē ane ba balebo semmo.  Maŋ yuo la toŋkori a baalba dieŋ maŋ wuli la tonɔ nyaabo mine naŋ na maŋ vɛŋ sase-sonne kpeɛrɛ ane sigiri microbial diversity.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":6" />Varanda wogroŋ meŋ maŋ sigiri la yi nɛɛsere fatigue ane stress.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Medical_Association</ref> Ziyuo yele mime naŋ la erɛ la a leɛroo ko a ward-based yele (be baalba na maŋ gaŋ a communal deri, na e tɛɛtɛɛ neŋ a di lanne mine) a ko ona ba naŋ kpeɛre yoŋ yoŋ. A ward-based yele  has da taa bigiruu ka nimizeeloŋ toma, te gaŋ a zaa a tontonneba, khɛ o paaŋ eɛ zie naŋ taa balebo yaga ko baalba ane kuɛ ba meŋɛ sammbo. Zie ba naŋ maŋ korɔ baalba neŋ bamenne deri daaroŋ pāā la be la saazu a zimeɛre ane a toma a asibiti naŋ poɔ; ŋaa vɛŋɛɛ la a asibitiri Mine maŋ tere daaroŋ ko  sommene deri mine == Sommo yizie == Pampana asibiti maŋ nyɛ ba sommo yi ne ziire gyamaa. Ba na baŋ nyɛ la sommo yi noba naŋ yɔɔrɔ bee laafeeloŋ susu bee gɔbenneti sommo ane nimimaaroŋ zorebu sommo. A United Kingdom poɔ laafeeloŋ susu gane maŋ Sana noba naŋ e a teŋɛ deme naŋ maŋ e a gɔbenneti sane kyɛ yeluraa baaloŋ eŋ maŋ e weɛlɛ ko neɛ la neɛ zaa, ka fo yi be bee ka fo ba yi be. A naŋ paa seŋ ka a asibiti maŋ kaara libie naŋ ba seŋ bone zuiŋ , tenne mine maŋ kyɛle ba naŋ ba taa a baaloŋ uraa,a lɛzuiŋ ba naŋ na baŋ yɔɔ maŋ gaa la sommeŋɛ asibiti ka ba daŋ ba. A United State poɔ asibiti e la sommeŋɛ yoŋ ka a ziire mine e tona yoŋ asibiti ka a mine la HCA laafeeloŋ. A yeltuuri sama ne a sama ba naŋ ŋmaa ko a noba e la yelsɛgebinni, ama, a sama ama na baŋ ŋmaabare. Bɛŋɛ wuli ka maŋ kaa baala naŋ baalekpaŋkpaŋ ka a baala na baŋ yɔɔ. Sommeŋɛ asibiti naŋ kaara baalekpaŋkpaŋ noba maŋ ŋmɛ la sane ka a mine la a Hurricane Katrina. == Quality and safety == <gallery mode="packed" heights="120px"> File:UVa Medical Center.jpg|upright=0.8|The medical center at the [[Wp/wlx/University of Virginia|University of Virginia]] shows the growing trend for modern architecture in hospitals. File:NHS NNUH entrance.jpg|upright=0.8|The [[Wp/wlx/National Health Service|National Health Service]] [[Wp/wlx/Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital|Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital]] in the UK, showing the utilitarian architecture of many modern hospitals File:HCA Florida Fawcett Hospital Chapel.jpg|upright=0.8|Hospital chapel at [[Wp/wlx/Fawcett Memorial Hospital|Fawcett Memorial Hospital]] ([[Wp/wlx/Port Charlotte, Florida|Port Charlotte, Florida]]) File:Hinduja Hospital, Mahim, Mumbai.jpg|upright=0.8|[[Wp/wlx/Hinduja National Hospital|Hinduja National Hospital, Mumbai]] File:Intensivstation (01) 2007-03-03.jpg|upright=0.8|An [[Wp/wlx/Intensive care unit|intensive care unit]] (ICU) within a hospital File:KlinikumAachen.jpg|upright=0.8|[[Wp/wlx/Uniklinikum Aachen|Uniklinikum Aachen]] in Germany File:TAYS,TAMPERE 1.12-09 aamulla n.klo 8 - panoramio.jpg|upright=0.8|[[Wp/wlx/Tampere University Hospital|Tampere University Hospital]] in [[Wp/wlx/Tampere|Tampere]], Finland File:AIIMS central lawn.jpg|upright=0.8|[[Wp/wlx/AIIMS, New Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] in Delhi, India File:Lehigh-Valley-Hospital.x.jpg|upright=0.8|[[Wp/wlx/Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest|Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest]] in [[Wp/wlx/Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown, Pennsylvania]], U.S. </gallery> == Asibiti Yie mine la == Korle-bu<ref name=":2">https://kbth.gov.gh</ref> [[Wp/wlx/Hamile|Hamile]] Dɔɔta yiri [[Wp/wlx/Nandom|Nandom]] Dɔɔta yiri ==Meŋ Nyɛ A Kyɛ== * [[Wp/wlx/Burn center|Burn center]] * [[Wp/wlx/History of hospitals|History of hospitals]] * [[Wp/wlx/History of medicine|History of medicine]] * [[Wp/wlx/Hospice|Hospice]] * [[Wp/wlx/Hospital network|Hospital network]] * [[Wp/wlx/Lists of hospitals|Lists of hospitals]] * [[Wp/wlx/Hospital information system|Hospital information system]] * [[Wp/wlx/Trauma center|Trauma center]] * ''[[Wp/wlx/The Waiting Room (2012 film)|The Waiting Room]]'' * [[Wp/wlx/Walk-in clinic|Walk-in clinic]] * [[Wp/wlx/GP Liaison|GP Liaison]] ==Notes== <ref name=":4">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_ref-38</ref> ==Bibliography== ===History of hospitals=== * Brockliss, Lawrence, and Colin Jones. "The Hospital in the Enlightenment", in ''The Medical World of Early Modern France'' (Oxford UP, 1997), pp.&nbsp;671–729; covers France 1650–1800 * Chaney, Edward (2000), [https://books.google.com/books/about/The_evolution_of_the_grand_tour.html?id=rYB_HYPsa8gC], in: ''The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations since the Renaissance'', 2nd ed. London, Routledge, 2000. * Connor, J.T.H. "Hospital History in Canada and the United States", ''Canadian Bulletin of Medical History'', 1990, Vol. 7 Issue 1, pp.&nbsp;93–104 * Crawford, D.S. Bibliography of Histories of Canadian hospitals and schools of nursing. * Gorsky, Martin. "The British National Health Service 1948–2008: A Review of the Historiography", ''Social History of Medicine'', December 2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, pp.&nbsp;437–60 * Harrison, Mar, et al. eds. ''From Western Medicine to Global Medicine: The Hospital Beyond the West'' (2008) * Horden, Peregrine. ''Hospitals and Healing From Antiquity to the Later Middle Ages'' (2008) * McGrew, Roderick E. ''Encyclopedia of Medical History'' (1985) * {{Wp/wlx/Citation |last1=Morelon |first1=Régis |last2=Rashed |first2=Roshdi |year=1996 |title=Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science |volume=3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-12410-2 }} * Porter, Roy. ''The Hospital in History'', with Lindsay Patricia Granshaw (1989) {{Wp/wlx/ISBN|978-0-415-00375-9}} * [[Wp/wlx/Guenter B. Risse|Risse, Guenter B.]] ''Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals'' (1999); world coverage * Rosenberg, Charles E. ''The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System'' (1995); history to 1920 * Scheutz, Martin et al. eds. ''Hospitals and Institutional Care in Medieval and Early Modern Europe'' (2009) * Wall, Barbra Mann. ''American Catholic Hospitals: A Century of Changing Markets and Missions'' (Rutgers University Press, 2011). {{Wp/wlx/ISBN|978-0-8135-4940-8}} ==External links== {{Wp/wlx/Wiktionary|hospital}} {{Wp/wlx/Commons}} * [[Wp/wlx/WHO|WHO]] Hospitals https://www.who.int/hospitals/en/ * {{Wp/wlx/Cite web|url= https://us.hospitalsworldguide.com/hospitals-in-usa/|title= Global and Multilanguage Database of public and private hospitals|website= hospitalsworldguide[[Wp/wlx/.com|.com]]|language= en}} * {{Wp/wlx/Cite web|url= http://hospitals.webometrics.info/|title= Directory and Ranking of more than 17.000 Hospitals worldwide|website= hospitals.webometrics.info|language= en|access-date= 7 November 2008|archive-date= 21 April 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100421162908/http://hospitals.webometrics.info/|url-status= dead}} {{Wp/wlx/Portal bar|Medicine|Engineering}} {{Wp/wlx/Hospital articles}} {{Wp/wlx/Health care}} {{Wp/wlx/Public infrastructure topics}} {{Wp/wlx/Authority control}} == Tarɩjiihi == <references /> [[Category:Wp/wlx]] {{INTERWIKI|Q16917}} 4ugs3bqo5yom75x3oq8jxm2631cpc2f 7374454 7374453 2026-10-25T20:42:40Z Zakaria Tunsung 2586001 7374454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q16917}} '''Asɩbɩtɩ''' (naŋsaalɩɩ; Hospital) ɩyɛ jie kaŋa baŋ mɛ bɩɩ ŋmaa ka ʋ ɩ laafɩɩlʋŋ jie ka ba tɩʋra/sagɩna baalɩba.<ref>https://www.who.int/hospitals/en/</ref> Ʋ la ɩyɛ yiri baŋ de tĩĩ booraboora jaa biŋ be kyɛ de tontonneba mine eŋ ka ba maŋ sagena baaleba. Ka enna na nyɛ sori gaa tona a asibiti yiri kaŋa zaa a seŋ ka fo neɛ naŋ gaa [[Wp/wlx/... Sakuuri|sakuuri]] a te zanne gaa nimitɔɔre a taa teɛroŋ kyaare neŋ lɛ baale ne baala zaa na naŋ baŋ nyɛ sambo yineŋ tĩĩ tori na zaa fo na naŋ de ko o. Ka fo zu, poɔ, toore, gbɛɛ, nyɔbogiri, eŋbane zie zaa na ba taa laafeɛ ka fo gaa be fo naŋ nyɛ la sambo. A lɛ wuli ka baaloŋ zaa maŋ taa la o toɔre tĩĩ ane o sambo. A yi a tĩĩ naŋ be o poɔŋ, be la ka ba maŋ kyɔge neɛ ka a na Senne lɛ.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/health-10830889</ref> A bɔnne vɛŋ la neɛ ne neɛ zaa na be a [[Wp/wlx/Ghana|Ghana]] poɔ taa foto kaŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ ka laafeeloŋ gane ka nansaala meŋ maŋ boɔle ka <nowiki>''</nowiki>[[Wp/wlx/National Health Insurance Scheme|National Health Insurance Scheme]] (NHIS )<nowiki>''</nowiki> ka fõõ na gaa a asibiti yiri a naŋ nyɛ sambo a seŋ ka ka fo de o ona ka baŋ nyɛ a sambo. Ka fõõ ba taa o ba maŋ eŋ la ka yɔ sama mine kyɛ baŋ nyɛ a sambo. A teaching asibiti meŋ sonɔ la noba kyaare ne laafeeloŋ zannoo, science karambiiri ane laafeeloŋ toma sakuuri bie zaa. A laafeeloŋ science zie ne o bele zaa kyɛ o e la kpoŋ gaŋ clinic. Asibiti taa ziire gyamaa ( aŋa wɛroo zie ane baaltɔloŋ zie) ane gɔɔloŋ ziire ka a mine la cardiology. A asibiti mine taa outpatient ziire kyɛ ka a mine.e taa chronic baaloŋ sammo zie. Ziire ba naŋ sonno noba la a teɛnɛɛ zie, pathology ane radiology Asibiti maŋ e la gɔbenneti soɔbo ka ba dere a sama ( ka tɔnɔ bebe bee ka tɔnɔ ba kyɛbe ), laafeeloŋ tontomba nimimaaroŋ zɔrebo lane noba naŋ maŋ de boma kya ne ba. Dasaga na, ŋmepuoribo la da maŋ de a asibiti sama bee nimimaaroŋ zɔrebo ne ba nembɛrɛ. Asibiti pampana ŋa dere noba naŋ baŋ a laafeeloŋ toma soŋ aseŋphysicians, surgeons, nɛɛsere ane and alliemmaroŋ tontomba. Dasaŋa na, a toma ŋa da maŋ e la noba naŋ baŋ a toma bee noba naŋ de ba mine tonɔ ne a toma. Ama, ŋmempuorbu gyamaa aŋa Catholic ŋmempuoribu ba mine la Alexians ane a Bon Secours Sisters naŋ naŋ moɔ nimire ne a asibiti toma a yuomo 1990 naŋ tɔle ane ŋmpuori noba mine, a lane Methodists ane Lutherans, naŋ kaara a asibiti. A yi o yelbiri pare hospitality ka o pare naŋ bebe wa tɔ zenɛ aŋa a Royal Hospital Chelsea, naŋ da piili a yuoni 1681 ka o e nɛɛsire kpɛzie a veteran zɔɔzɔrebɔ. == Yijie == [[File:Hospital.svg|alt=White H on blue background, used to represent hospitals in the US.|thumb|During peacetime, hospitals are often marked by symbols. A white 'H' on a blue background is often used in the United States. During military conflicts, a hospital may be marked with the emblem of the [[Wp/wlx/Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|red cross, red crescent or red crystal]] in accordance with the [[Wp/wlx/Geneva Conventions|Geneva Conventions]].]] White H na be blue background, da maŋ e la asibiti wuluu US. A yuori meŋ naŋ yi a kyɛ la, hospitium wa la ka o wuli asibitiri, lɛ la a yitaaloŋ naŋ be a guest ane shelterer, hospitality, friendliness, ane hospitable reception. A metonymy, a Latin yelbiri paaŋ was wuli la guest-chamber, guest's lodging, ane inn.[5] Hospes paaŋ eɛ a nyaga KO Bɔrefɔ yelbie dieŋ (be a p naŋ e ko boɔlɔɔ 'pronunciations') hospitality, hospice, hostel, ane hotel. A yelbiri pampana yi la Old French romance yelbie hostel, naŋ maale maaroŋ, o yelbiri naŋ da yi a yelbie poɔ, a iruŋ zie naŋ wuli ka o e la circumflex a pampana French yelbiri hôtel. A German yelbiri Spital poŋ la ulli na tɔ. == Bʋʋrabʋʋra == Baaleba mine maŋ gaa la asibiti ka ba te diagnosis, treatment, bee therapy kyɛ yi to gɛrɛ  ("outpatients") kyɛ ba maŋ gaŋ veɛ bieuo; kyɛ ka ba mine maŋ gaŋ a asibiti veɛ zie bee beɛ bebie bee dare mine ane kyuue ("inpatients"). Asibitiri maŋ taa la tɛɛtɛɛloŋ neŋ laafeeloŋ yie mine yi ba naŋ maŋ toɔŋ gaale kyɛ sanne neɛ beɛ bieou kyɛ a mine, naŋ e bilii, maŋ baŋ bigiri la asibiti bilii. === '''General and acute care''' === A asibiti pare soŋ neɛzaa naŋ baŋ la a general hospital, meŋ naŋ e a acute-care hospital. A asibitiri ama maŋ sanna la baaloŋ ane perebo, kyɛ gbɛɛ yaga maŋ taa la emergency department (saŋa kaŋa naŋ e "perebo & emergency") bee trauma center naŋ kaara baale kpeɛnne. Tembɛrɛ naŋ baŋ taa la asibitiri gyamaa sɛgroŋ naŋ waa tɛɛtɛɛ ane zimeɛre. Asibitiri, te gaŋ a zaa anaŋ na be a United States ane Canada, taa la a meŋɛ Ambolanse naŋ tona toma. == Asɩbɩtɩ Tɔnɔ == A [[Wp/wlx/Ghana|Ghana]] paaloŋ zaa te nyɔge a Africa zaa. Asibiti la ka gɔvemati ne noba mine sommo zuiŋ ka ba maŋ mɛ a yie ama ka a gu a teŋɛ noba. A ziiri ama e la ziiri bee yie ba naŋ maŋ mɛ ka a guro noba te seŋ baaleba bee neɛ naŋ beɛrɛ bee baaloŋ naŋ kpɛ neɛ ka o soba bɛ. A Asibiti yie ama maŋ taa la tēē nɛɛ ba naŋ maŋ de sana ne a baalba bebiri zaa ka banaŋ wa kpɛ o poɔ. == Yijie == A Middle wagere na, asibiti da erɛ la yɛlɛ gyamaa a yi Zane ziire kyɛ la yie ko nempaaba, kpeziire ko saama bee laafeeloŋ sakue. A yelbiri asibiti la a Latin yelbiri hospes, naŋ wulu kpeɛmo bee saama ama saana. A yuori kaŋa meŋ naŋ nyɛ yi ne a yelbiri ŋa la hospitium naŋ wulu nenesaaloŋ, naŋ taa yitaaloŋ ne saana ane kpɛzie. A yelbiri yitaaloŋ poɔ,a Latin yelbiri muni bee pare la saana ganzie, saana kpɛzie. A Hospes la e a English yelbipeelaa host( be la ka p da iri bare a booloo zuiŋ)''hospitality'', ''hospice'', ''hostel,'' ane ''hotel''. A sɛgebiri a pampana ŋa naŋ yi a Latin via a Old French romance yelbiri ''hostel'', naŋ s ka o boɔlɔ ba saana a wa ta soga ka ba maŋ iri bare a o iribaroo na poɔ la ka parepegeraa maraa wa a pampana French yelbiri hôtel. A German yelbiri Spital meŋ yi a be . === District === A distiriki asibiti gbɛɛyaga maŋ e la asibiti bɛrɛ laafeeloŋ tontonziire a irigyin poɔ, a taa gadore gyamaa ka kaara ne baaleba,ba naŋ beɛre baaloŋ faa ane ba naŋ na bɛ kɔɔre. California poɔ, " distiriki asibiti e ziyuori kaŋa a ko baaloŋ zaa ba naŋ da maale a yi a Work War II ka toɔ seŋ a asibiti naŋ ba pure a tembilii. Ane a zenɛ, distiriki asibiti la a nemgyamaa asibiti a 9 Colifornas tenne kyɛ la a asibiti yoŋ naŋ e zie noba naŋ na baŋ ta weɛ a tenne 19 na poɔ, ka ŋa maŋ e nembaaba zie ka a toɔ soŋ a tenne awae naŋ na poɔ ka asibiti yaga leɛ poɔ kyɛ ka pampana ka be tɔɔre zaa a tembilii. California's tembilii lezare ne anii asibiti ane a asibiti lezare na bebe poɔ a disitriki asibiti poɔ. A tembilii deme la maale a taa nembɛrɛa tenne deme naŋ iri ka ba kaara ba yelbilii. A taa la tɔna a Sana baaleba naŋ ba taa a laafeeloŋ gane ane baaleba na naŋ taa Medi-Cal (naŋ e California's Medicaid yelnyɔgeraa, naŋ kaara noba ba naŋ na ba taa lebie, bibiiri, nembɛrɛ mine,nembatuone, pɔgepɔɔre) A yuoni 2012 poɔ, distiriki asibiti maŋ kaa baaleba naŋ ta $54 million a California poɔ === Gɔɔloŋ === [[File:Starship Children's Health Auckland.jpg|thumb|[[Wp/wlx/Starship Children's Health|Starship Children's Health]], a [[Wp/wlx/Children's hospital|children's hospital]] in [[Wp/wlx/Auckland|Auckland]], New Zealand]] [[File:McMasterUMedical.jpg|thumb|[[Wp/wlx/McMaster University Medical Centre|McMaster University Medical Centre]], a teaching hospital in [[Wp/wlx/Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton, Ontario]]]] [[File:AIIMS -New Delhi's Ward Block.jpg|thumb|[[Wp/wlx/All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]], a large teaching hospital in [[Wp/wlx/India|India]]]] Asibiti gɔɔloŋ e la zie naŋ e o toɔraa naŋ maŋ yɛlɛ ayi bee boŋyeni kaŋa zie yoŋ toma. A mine la leɛmaaloo asibiti, bibiiri asibiti, nembɛrɛ ( geriatric ) asibiti, long team acute care asibiti ane asibiti naŋ kaara baaloŋ kaŋa bal naŋ e o toɔraa lɛ ka a mine ; yeŋ baaloŋ,(nyɛ yeŋ baaloŋ yɛlɛ), cancer sammo, baaloŋ mine kaŋa booro, ka a mine la; cardiac, oncology, bee orthopedic yɛlɛ, ane a mine kaŋa. Germany poɔ, asibiti gɔɔloŋ ba boɔlɔ a ''Fachkrankenhaus''; a seŋ mine e la an Fachkrankenhaus Coswig (thoracic surgery). India poɔ, asibiti gɔɔre ba boɔlɔ a la ''super-specialty hospitals'' ka a waa a tɔɔraa lɛ ne a taaba na naŋ erɛ yɛlɛ yaga. Asibiti gɔɔre na baŋ soŋ la laafeeloŋ sane siŋ ka foo naane ana ne asibiti yɛrɛɛ lɛ. Aseŋ, Narayana Health's cardiaclaafeeloŋ zie na be Bangalore a ka ba gɔɔloŋ e pecialises in cardiac sugyire wɛroo a maŋ kaa baaleba gyamaa. O taa la gɔdɔre naŋ ta 3,000 a maŋ wɛre noba 3,000 yuoni zaa ba la maŋ taa a noba yaga a ba asibiti na poɔ. Noba naŋ wɛrɛ maŋ yuo la lieba ba naŋ beŋ ko neɛzaa ka noba naŋ wɛrɛ wa e yaga a asibiti maŋ kaa la nankoɔroŋ yɛlɛ kyɛ ŋmaa a daa bare. Gɔɔre asibiti meŋ na baŋ toŋ la toma yeltuuri wɛroo yɛlɛ === Teaching === A teaching asibiti maŋ Sana la baaloŋ gyamaa ko baaleba kyɛ la wulu ba naŋ na meŋ naŋ boɔrɔ ka ba wa leɛ emaaroŋ tontoneba ka ba mine dɔɔtare karambiiri, nɛɛsire karambiiri. O meŋ na baŋ waa la Medical sakuuri bee nɛɛsere sakuuri, kyɛbee medical peɛpeɛrebɛ. Karambiiri meŋ na baŋ zanne lafeeloŋ toma a asibiti poɔ. === Clinics === [edit source] Clinics gbɛɛ yaga maŋ kaara la noba naŋ yi ziire wa kyɛ ta a mne na baŋ taa la baaleba gɔdɔre fee lɛ ane noba naŋ e fee a kaara a baaleba ka fo na baŋ nyɛ a ŋaa meŋ asibiti meŋɛ poɔ. === Departments or wards === A asibiti taa la ganziire boŋyeni bee ayi naŋ maŋ gɔdɔre ko a baaleba. O meŋ na la baŋ tona la yɛlɛ yaga ka a mine la yelferaa ganzie, wɛroo die, ane intensive care zie, ane medical gɔɔloŋ ziire. Asibiti naŋ taa a boma zaa na baŋ e trauma zie. A meŋ na baŋ tɔna la toma gyamaa ka a mine la teeɛnɛɛ zie, radiology, pathology, ane medical laboratories. A asibiti mine taa la baalegurebo gamziire ka a mine la meŋɛ taabo zie, nyemɛ zie, ane le maaloo ziire. Asibiti meŋ na baŋ yaa la nɛɛsire ziire ka a nɛɛsi kpoŋ maŋ kaara. A zie ŋa e la a tontomba yoŋ ztie, peɛrepeɛreba ane bɛŋɛ ko a asibiti. A ziire mine taa a nɛɛsire ane a dɔɔtare naŋ maŋ kaara ba bambu ziire. Aseŋ, a intensive care zie, a dɔɔta la seŋ ka o kaara a teɛnɛɛ a medical yɛlɛ kyɛ ka a nɛɛsire kpoŋ kaara a nɛɛsire zaa zu. Sommo zie meŋ na baŋ poɔ la medical yɛlɛ ziire, a duoro ziire, kompiita bammo ziire clinical engineering, zie kaabo fitindigili yɛlɛ, bondizie ane wɔɔkyimaan ziire. === Remote monitoring === A COVID-19 pandemic la da wane a ganziire gyamaa maaloo a yi a British NHS. Baaleba da maŋ saŋ la yie poɔ, ka ba kaara ba mine vooroŋ a ne vooroŋ saturation probe ka naŋ wa moɔ ka tagaraa meŋ poɔ. A West Hertfordshire asibitiNHS sagediibu toɔ soŋ la noba 1200 ba yie poɔ a yi March kyuu ane a June kyuu a yuoni 2020 kyɛ naŋ boɔrɔ ka naŋ erɛ la ka a COVID-19 wa baare, a piiluu noba naŋ taa vooroŋ baaloŋ. Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust piili la a COVID Oximetry@Home toma a April kyuu a yuoni 2020. A ŋaa vɛŋɛɛ ka ba toɔ kaa noba naŋ pare 5000 bebiri zaa ba yie poɔ. A technology vɛŋɔɛ ka nɛɛsire, baaleba ka toɔ kaa yelwonni mine ka mine la vooroŋ semmo. == Teŋkori-yɛla == ===== Dakoroŋ yɛlɛ ===== Dakore saŋa India, Fa Xian, a Chinese Buddhist monk naŋ da tu sori vilikoli a  India c. AD 400, da peɛre nyɛ la teseŋ ziiri mine.<ref>"[https://www.who.int/hospitals/en/ Hospitals]". World Health Organization. Retrieved 24 January 2018</ref>Yi a  Mahavamsa yeluu zie, a saŋa na chronicle ko Sinhalese royalty, naŋ da sɛge century ayoɔbo soba AD, King Pandukabhaya ko Sri Lanka (r. 437–367 BC) da maŋ gaŋ-la-yiri ane asibitiri poɔ (Sivikasotthi-Sala).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-15</ref> A asibiti ane tēēne nyooro zie meŋ da be la Gundeshapur, teŋkpoŋ naŋ be southwest a Sassanid Persian Empire a da piili AD 271 yi Shapur I.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-16</ref> A dakore saŋa Greece, temples naŋ da bebe ko healer-god Asclepius, ba mine maŋ boɔle ka Asclepeion da tona la  tēēne manne-kɔrɔ, prognosis, ane sansanna.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-17</ref>A Asclepeia da ŋmɛ yaare la gaa Roman Empire. Kyɛ public healthcare da ba kyebe a  Roman Empire, Sogyare asibiti naŋ e valetudinaria da tona la a sogyare  barracks a maŋ sanne a sogyare ane gbaŋgbaare naŋ be a zie na.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-ziegler-18</ref>Danseɛ wulluu wuli ka  civilian asibitiri mine, naŋ na ba kyebe a Roman noba yagroŋ, da eɛ boma naŋ da mɛ a taa meŋɛ suobo ko noba mine a  Roman households naŋ be teŋɛŋ lambogri ko a yiri na, kyɛ ka a yel-eroŋ ŋa na da baare 80 AD.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-19</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> File:Kos Asklepeion.jpg|View of the ''Askleipion'' of [[Wp/wlx/Kos|Kos]], the best preserved instance of an Asklepieion File:Sri Lankan Traditional Medicine.jpg|Ruins of a two thousand-year-old hospital were discovered in the historical city of [[Wp/wlx/Anuradhapura|Anuradhapura]] [[Wp/wlx/Mihintale|Mihintale]] Sri Lanka. </gallery> == Middle Ages == A yeluu ko a Khristo biiri naŋ da sage yi a ŋmempuoruu noba a Roman Empire da wanne la yɛloŋ ko saabo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica</ref> Tuuru a kansil dɛndɛŋ ko a Nicaea a AD 325 asibiti meɛbo a cathedral paaloŋ da piilee, te paale a asibiti dɛndɛŋ soba naŋ da mɛ yi Saint Sampson naŋ be Constantinople ane Basil, bishop ko Caesarea a saŋa na Turkey bebiri.<ref>http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07480a.htm</ref> Yi a twelfth century, Constantinople da taa la asibitiri ayi naŋ da taa bonzaa, tontonneba naŋ e dɔɔtare naŋ da e dɔɔba ane pɔgeba zaa. Zimeɛre paale la wagere kaŋa zaa neŋ o baaloo sambo ane sambo yeltuuri naŋ senne ane di-zagelaa kaŋa naŋ da deɛre baalsaŋgaraa mine.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_medicine</ref> Qalawun complex kpeɛbo zie naŋ be Cairo, Egypt, naŋ taa Mansuri asibiti. A neɛzaa asibiti dɛndɛŋ a Islamic tendaa da mɛ 805 a Baghdad yineŋ Harun Al-Rashid.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-Glubb-24</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-23</ref> A yi 10th century, Baghdad da taa la asibiti gyamaa, kyɛ Damascus meŋ taa asibiti ayoɔbo a  15th century, kyɛ ka Córdoba yoŋ meŋ taa asibi-kpoŋ lezaɛ ayi ne pie (50), gyamaa zie naŋ da taa suobo ko a sogyare, a yuoni baaroo ko a 15th century.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170321170327/http://www.aramcoworld.com/en-US/Articles/March-2017/The-Islamic-Roots-of-the-Modern-Hospital</ref> A Islamic bimaristan da e la zie meŋ na da e asibiti na maŋ kaara baaleba, kyɛ meŋ da e nɛɛsere zie ane lunatic asylum. O yelnimizeɛ la ka o korɔ nandeme sambo, ka nandaaneba naŋ na boɔrɔ ka ba maŋ wa sanneba ba yieŋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-nlm-26</ref> Asibitiri saŋa na da la a dɛndɛŋ deme naŋ da boɔrɔ dɔɔta kyɛ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-29</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1676324</ref> Asibiti da ba tona yi merɛ mine naŋ maŋ zagera bara baaleba mine naŋ na ba taa sambo libie.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240121222733/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/islamic_medical/islamic_12.html</ref> A asibitiri ama da taa la libie sommo yi waqfs, meŋ naŋ da e a gɔbena libie.<ref name=":0" /> A India, gɔbena asibitiri da tona a Firuz Shah Tughlaq  saŋa 14th century. The Mughal emperor Jahangir a 17th century da mɛ la asibitiri tembɛrɛ poore ane gɔbenɛnte libie ane wuluu kyaare neŋ lɛ a saŋyɔɔ ane sommo mine naŋ maŋ yi a gɔbenɛnte zie.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-02580-5</ref> A China, yi a Song Dynasty, a teŋɛ da piilee deɛrɛ social welfare  functions naŋ da maŋ yi  Buddhist monasteries ane instituted gɔbenɛnte asibitiri, hospices ane dispensaries.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1097%2FMC9.0000000000000041</ref> === '''Early modern and Enlightenment Europe''' === [[File:Ancien-Hopital.jpg|thumb|A hospital ward in 6th century [[Wp/wlx/France|France]]]] A Europe na be a medieval concept of Christian care da paale la a 16th ane 17th centuries. A England, monasteries naŋ da ba la tona a 1540 yi King Henry VIII, a Ŋmeneyiri da iri ba nuuri yineŋ a sommo ko a asibiti, kyɛ da tuuru mere yi a noba naŋ be a London, la da e a asibiti St Bartholomew's, St Thomas's ane St Mary of Bethlehem's (Bedlam) da e a zenneba; ŋaa la da e a sommo dɛndɛŋ soba naŋ da yi ko a asibiti. A 1682, Charles II la da piili a Royal Asibiti Chelsea a da e sogya naŋ gaa pɛnnoo ka naŋ e Chelsea Pensioners, a saŋa na ba naŋ maŋ yele a yelbiri ka "asibiti" a vɛŋ ka o e almshouse.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-32</ref>Yuomo pie saŋa, Mary II piilee a Royal Asibiti ko Seamen, Greenwich, ane yelzu boɔbo yeni.[[File:Guy's Hospital00.jpg|thumb|left|1820 engraving of [[Wp/wlx/Guy's Hospital|Guy's Hospital]] in London, one of the first voluntary hospitals to be established in 1724]] [[File:Ruinas San Nicolas de Bari CCSD 09 2018 1414.jpg|thumb|Ruins of the [[Wp/wlx/Hospital San Nicolás de Bari|Hospital San Nicolás de Bari]] in [[Wp/wlx/Santo Domingo|Santo Domingo]], [[Wp/wlx/Dominican Republic|Dominican Republic]], recognized by UNESCO for being the oldest hospital built in the Americas.<ref>{{Wp/wlx/Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/526|title=Colonial City of Santo Domingo. Outstanding Universal Value|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre website}}</ref><ref>{{Wp/wlx/Cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/dominican-republic/santo-domingo/attractions/ruinas-del-hospital-san-nicolas-de-bari/a/poi-sig/1182163/358037|website=[[Wp/wlx/Lonely Planet|Lonely Planet]]|title=Ruinas del Hospital San Nicolás de Barí}}</ref> Built between 1514 and 1541.]] <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-33</ref>A voluntary asibitiri toma piilee 18th century, ane asibitiri naŋ da taa sommo London a yi 1720s, te paale Westminster asibiti (1719) naŋ da do saa yi private bank C. Hoare ane Co neŋ Guy's Hospital (1724) naŋ taa sommo yi bequest of the wealthy merchant, Thomas Guy. Asibitiri mine meŋ da la piili la London ane British tenne mine a century mine, gyamaa yaga da nyɛ la yɔɔbo yi private subscriptions. St Bartholomew's naŋ be London da nyɛ la leɛmeɛbo yi1730 te tɔ 1759,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-39</ref> ane a London asibiti, Whitechapel, yuobu naŋ da e 1752. A asibitiri ama eɛ a leɛbo ko a piiluu ko a asibiti toma; a piili la neŋ la ka o e zibilee lɛ a sanna baaleba a leɛ e asibiti yiri leɛ maaloo ane zikpoŋ ko zannoo ane nyooro ko noba na boɔrɔ ka leɛ dɔɔtaare ane nɛɛsere. Wagere mine poɔ maŋ toŋ la kyɛ wɛrwɛreba ane dɔɔtare maŋ toŋ la kyɛ de ba bammo ko noba mine a asibiti poɔ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-40</ref>Ba maŋ leɛ la ka ba e nensaama mine a maŋ vɛŋ yelfere mine kpeɛrɛ a asibiti poɔ ka ba ba toɔnɔ kaara kyɛ korɔ baaleba tēēne a asibiti poɔ. A Charité da yi la Berlin naŋ be 1710 yi King Frederick I naŋ be Prussia a taa sagebo yi plague. Voluntary asibitiri meŋ yɛrɛɛ gaa la Colonial America; Bellevue Asibitiri naŋ be New York City piilee 1736, a da e  workhouse dɛndɛŋ soba kyɛ wa tɔsɔgɔ leɛ e asibiti; Pennsylvania asibiti ko Philadelphia naŋ piili 1752, New York asibiti, naŋ leɛ e Weill Cornell Medical Center<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-41</ref> naŋ be New York City a piili 1771, ane Massachusetts neɛzaa asibiti naŋ be Boston a piili 1811. Vienna General Hospital naŋ da piili 1784 a e a tendaa zaa asibiti kpoŋ, physicians da de la zimeɛre mine naŋ da vɛŋ a zie yuo a leɛ e zie naŋ soma neŋ peɛroo yeltare.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-42</ref> A Enlightenment era charitable nhaabo da eɛ  dispensary; a yele ama da naŋ soŋ la nandeme neŋ baalo saamo weɛ lɛ. A London Dispensary yuo la o dendoɛ 1696 a e asibiti bilee kaŋa naŋ da be a  British Empire. A teɛroŋ ŋa da nyɛ la eebo yi 1770s,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-43</ref> a when organisations ama taa da taa nyaabo, te paale Public Dispensary of Edinburgh (1776), a Metropolitan Dispensary ane Charitable Fund (1779) ane a Finsbury Dispensary (1780). Dispensaries meŋ da piili la New York 1771, Philadelphia 1786, ane Boston 1796.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-44</ref>A Royal Naval asibiti, Stonehouse, Plymouth, da eɛ pioneer ko a asibiti a maale taa "pavilions" ko o sigiri a baaloŋ yɛroŋ. John Wesley da wa nyɛ ba la1785, a da yeli ka "N ba nyɛ yelzaa naŋ wuli ka o baarɛɛ la; bonzaa bebe la, kyɛ sereŋ taa veɛloŋ. Kyɛ bonzaa ba kyebe naŋ wuli ka o ba soma, kɛ tesɛlaa kaŋa zaa ba kyebe, naŋ wuli bebe bee ba bebee." A yi revolutionary maalok da vɛŋ la noba baŋ John Howard, a philanthropist. A 1787 a French gɔbenɛnte tere la scholar administrators, Coulomb ane Tenon, naŋ da gaa asibitiri yaga naŋ be Europe.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-45</ref> Ba poore zaa da pɛllɛɛ la ba naŋ da nyɛ a "pavilion" maaloo da taa yitaaloŋ neŋ  France a Europe gbulli zaa. ===== 19th dakoroŋ ===== English physician Thomas Percival (1740–1804) da sɛge la comprehensive system ko medical conduct, Medical Ethics; bee, a Code ko Institutes ane Precepts, naŋ taa sagedēēbo ko Professional Conduct ko Physicians ane Surgeons (1803) naŋ taa gama noɔre ba naŋ noɔrɔ.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1081608</ref> A 19th century yuonkyɛlɛɛ poɔ, asibitiri ane a medical profession da maale eɛ professionalised, neŋ a reorganisation ko a asibiti wederebɛ a yi  bureaucratic ane administrative lines. A Apothecaries Act 1815 da vɛŋ la k o e kparaama ko a medical students na zanne yuonkyɛlɛɛ na paale a ba zannoo dɔlɔ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Porter</ref> Florence Nightingale pioneered a modern profession ko nɛɛsere a saŋa na a Crimean War na da e onaŋ da maale bondemannewulaa ko compassion, commitment ko baalba ane diligent eŋ poɔ thoughtful hospital administration. A nɛɛse dɛndɛŋ sakuuri, a Nightingale School ko nɛɛsere, da piilee la 1860, neŋ ba boɔbo ka ba wuli nɛɛsere ka ba maŋ tona asibitiri poɔ, a naŋ tona korɔ nandeme kyɛ naŋ kaara ba meŋ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-48</ref>Nightingale da eɛ instrumental onaŋ da leɛrɛ a asibitiri waaloŋ, yi o naŋ da maala dɛgere yeltare kyɛ naŋ leɛrɛ a asibiti enfuomo yineŋ zie na baalba naŋ na kpi, te eŋ zie naŋ e recuperation ane healing. O paaŋ da la kaa la a tona kyaare neŋ  statistical measurement yineŋ lɛnɛɛ ba naŋ na nyɛ intervention kyɛ daa tɔle nimitɔɔre ko administrative reform a asibitiri poɔ.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-49</ref>A 19th century baaroo, a saŋa na asibitiri da piilee deɛre la waaloŋ neŋ  public ane private asibitiri yele. A 1870s, asibitiri taa la baalba naŋ na baŋ gaŋ 3,000. A continental Europe naŋ e asibiti paala da mɛ la kyɛ naŋ boɔrɔ sommo. A National Health Service, naŋ e a sɛkyiri  ko laafeeloŋ yele a United Kingdom, da piilee 1948. A saŋa na ko a nineteenth century, a ayi soba ko a Viennese Medical sakuuri da eɛ sommo ko a physicians teseŋ Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky, Josef Škoda, Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra, ane Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis. Basic medical science expanded ane specialisation advanced. Na yelpaale meŋ, a dermatology dɛndɛŋ, nimiri, toori, nyɛboori, ane kɔkɔre asibiti a tendaa da piilee a Vienna, naŋ da e a dɔgebo ko tēēnsonne mine.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-50</ref> ==== '''20th dakoroŋ Kyɛ Naŋ Gɛrɛ''' ==== [[File:Cabell Huntington Hospital 2014.jpg|thumb|[[Wp/wlx/Cabell Huntington Hospital|Cabell Huntington Hospital]] located in [[Wp/wlx/Huntington, West Virginia|Huntington, West Virginia]] (2014)]] A 19th baaro saŋa ane 20th centuries piiluu saŋa, mɛdikal zɛge duobu teseŋ anesthesia ane sterile gɔɔloŋ naŋ na baŋ e wɛroŋ ka ba e tuo, ane maasumɛ mine naŋ bebe teseŋ X-rays, naŋ kyaa vɛŋ la a asibiti ka o taa ennyagre kyaare neŋ baalba sambo.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/25/opinion/hospitals-becoming-obsolete.html</ref> Saŋa na Asibitiri maŋ manne la ziiri faŋa naŋ bebe teseŋ kpeɛbo semmo, Lɛ fo naŋ na be seŋ, wagere kɔɔroŋ semmo a toma poɔ, baala sanne taabo, baalba gaaloo noɔre, poɔŋ baalba kuuŋ.<ref>https://guidingmetrics.com/content/hospital-industrys-10-most-critical-metrics/</ref> A United States, a asibiti poɔ kpeɛbo zɛge do la saa a 1981 neŋ 171 baalba kpeɛbo neŋ 1,000 Americans ane 6,933 baalba.[50] A kpeɛbo da la sigi la  leɛ la puor, ane baalba kpeɛbo sigi puli te gaŋ 10% ane semmo a US asibitiri sigi puli yi 6,933 a 1981 te tɔ 5,534 a 2016.<ref name=":1">https://www.aha.org/statistics/fast-facts-us-hospitals</ref> Ba naŋ na be a asibiti poɔ meŋ sigi puli neŋ 77% a 1980 te tɔ 60% a 2013.<ref name=":2" /> A ananso ko a yele ama la baalkpeɛne sannebo  ziiri mine teseŋ yiiri poɔ  bee ɔfere poɔ ane a therapeutic neŋ life-threatening yaga enfuomo a asibitiri poɔ a nimie poɔ a public.<ref name=":3">https://web.archive.org/web/20111015060229/http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/pdfs/hai/infections_deaths.pdf</ref><ref name=":1" />A US, baala naŋ baŋ gaŋ la a asibiti godo-zuŋ, kyɛ naŋ baŋ wuli ka ba bare o la  ane "under observation" bee naŋ ba naŋ baŋ gaale o la a asibiti poɔ.<ref>http://www.cmsdocs.org/news/two-midnight-and-observation-rule</ref> A U.S., inpatient maŋ gaŋ la a deɛrɛ sannebo Part A, kyɛ ka asibiti na baŋ gaale la baala ka o be kaanyaabo naŋ na baŋ nyɛ sannebo yi  Medicare Part B, kyɛ vɛŋ a baala eŋ additional coinsurance costs.<ref name=":4" /> A 2013, a zie ko laafeeloŋ ane Medikad sɛvese (CMS) la piili a "two-midnight" merɛ ko a baalba gaaloŋ,[56] a taa teɛroŋ ka o sigiriŋ a kɔgroŋ kyaare  "kaanyaabo wagere" gaaloo naŋ de e neŋ barebo.<ref name=":3" /> A merɛ ŋa da ba la tonɔ  2018.<ref name=":2" /> A 2016 ane 2017, laafeeloŋ leɛmaaloo ane sigiroŋ a gaaloo nyaabo a US asibiti poɔ laafeeloŋ yeltare naŋ na ba nyɛ libie.<ref>https://hbr.org/2017/10/how-u-s-hospitals-and-health-systems-can-reverse-their-sliding-financial-performance</ref>Asibiti-bili, na taa godori yaga a yi anii te tɔ lezaɛ ayi ne pie, la yɛrɛɛ la United States.<ref>https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/facilities-management/5-common-questions-about-micro-hospitals-answered.html</ref> Yitaaloŋ, baale kpaarema di zagelaa  mine, na maŋ leɛre baalba naŋ seŋene inpatient sambo a asibiti, da taa la neɛzaa nyaabo a 1970s<ref name=":5">https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20140927/MAGAZINE/309279952/when-the-tiny-hospital-can-t-survive-free-standing-eds-with-primary-care-seen-as-new-rural-model</ref> kyɛ na yɔle a vilikoli a  have since  United States zaa poɔ.<ref name=":5" /> A Katoli ŋmendie la e la  boŋkpoŋ naŋ be a  non-government terebo ko a laafeeloŋ terebo yelgare a tendaa.<ref>https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144793259</ref> O taa la asibitibilii naŋ na baŋ ta 18,000, 16,000 yie ko nembɛrɛ ane bana naŋ boɔrɔ maale kaabo, ane 5,500 asibitiri, neŋ 65% naŋ be a tenne naŋ na baara.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-World_Development_p.40-62</ref> A yuoni 2010 poɔ, a tendaa laafeeloŋ zimeɛre.<ref>https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/18624/catholic-hospitals-comprise-one-quarter-of-worlds-healthcare-council-reports</ref> ====== Sommo ====== [[File:KB Dubrava Zagreb.jpg|thumb|[[Wp/wlx/Clinical Hospital Dubrava|Clinical Hospital Dubrava]] in [[Wp/wlx/Zagreb|Zagreb]], Croatia]] Asibiti bile Dubrava naŋ be Zagreb, Croatia Pampanna asibiti nyɛ la sommo yineŋ ziiri gyamaa. Ba maŋ baŋ nyɛ la sommo yi meŋɛ yɔɔbo ane laafeeloŋ ganne bee gɔbena bondaare, charitable sommo. A United Kingdom, a  laafeeloŋ ganne maŋ tere la laafeeloŋ ko  noba naŋ yi a be kyɛ naŋ kpeɛrɛ a be ka sommo ba yi a teŋɛŋ " ka maŋ e weɛlɛ a teroŋ poɔ", ane baale feraa kaabo mɔlɔ ko neɛ la neɛzaa ka fooŋ gba ba yi a be. Yi a asibiti boɔbo ka ba wuli a ba bontare naŋ seŋ lɛ, yele be la a teŋɛ naŋ kyɛlɛ ka ba nyɛ a 'yɛlɛ na' kyɛ la a  baaloo naŋ ba maale e nimizeɛ sammo, lɛ wuli ka banaŋ na toɔŋ nyɛ a na taa la meŋɛ laafeeloŋ sammo wieouŋ wieouŋ lɛ.<ref>http://www.nzherald.co.nz/organisation/story.cfm?o_id=366&objectid=10487870</ref> A United States, asibitiri maŋ yuo la somennoŋ kyɛ ta wagere kaŋa e tonɔ boɔbo bone, teseŋ a HCA asibiti.<ref>https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/health/2006-04-25-new-orleans-hospitals-usat_x.htm</ref>a yeltuuri ane a libiyɔɔ maŋ wuli la yineŋ sanne ŋmara; azuiŋ, a daaro ama naŋ bar sigi la puli ko a asibiti ka o nyɛ asibitiri nyɔgetaaloŋ.<ref>https://www.ajmc.com/journals/issue/2017/2017-vol23-n4/battling-the-chargemaster-a-simple-remedy-to-balance-billing-for-unavoidable-out-of-network-care</ref> Merɛ wuli la asibitiri maŋ bɔ laafeeloŋ ko baalba a nyɔvore sammo yele ka a paaŋ wuli ka a baala na baŋ yɔɔ la a sanne bee kombaŋ yɔɔ a.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Medicare_%26_Medicaid_Services</ref> Someŋɛ sommo ko asibitiri naŋ gaale baalba e naŋ ba sereŋ baŋ a  kparaama yeltare maŋ baŋ nyɛ la bondaaneŋ leebo, teseŋ a yele baaro ko a Hurricane Katrina.<ref>https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/health/2006-04-25-new-orleans-hospitals-usat_x.htm</ref> ===== '''Yelsonne ane Laafeeloŋ''' ===== A yelsonne naŋ be a asibiti poɔ saa  duobu maale e la yeli naŋ be a tendaa poɔ, asibitiri saa duobu seŋ ka a maale eŋ tobo kyɛlebo ko a yelzu ŋa. Meŋɛ nyooroo ko yelsonne e la bone naŋ seŋ ka o yelnimizeɛ ka ba peɛre a asibiti yele ama poɔ, ane asibiti e la bone naŋ na baŋ vɛŋ a yele nyɛ eebo. A tendaa lamboori mine a accreditation maŋ yi la a teŋɛŋ, ziwaaloŋ naŋ e tendaa laafeeloŋ bambo, yi laŋgbullo teseŋ  Accreditation Canada naŋ be Canada, a Joint Commission naŋ be U.S., a Trent Accreditation Scheme naŋ be Great Britain, ane a Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) na be France. A England, asibiti maŋ nyɛ la kaabo yi a laafeeloŋ kaabo faŋa naŋ ta. A 2020, ba leɛ la ba teɛroo kyaare  asibiti ko bondiiri semmo  a yi baalba ayoɔpoi naŋ da kpi a listeria linked ko pre-packaged sandwiches ane salads a 2019, yeli ka " bondisonne ba diibu ane koɔnyuuri meŋ paale la a baalba baaloŋ laafeeloŋ ."<ref>https://www.hsj.co.uk/quality-and-performance/cqc-to-inspect-hospitals-on-food-standards-after-patient-deaths/7028974.article</ref> A World Health Organization da tere la duoruu a 2011 ka gaaloo asibiti poɔ ba maŋ soma gaŋ fo naŋ na bare o. Tenda gbulli zaa, a baala zunoɔ o naŋ na nyɛ ba maale sammo a asibiti da na baŋ taɛ la 10%, kyɛ a vuo o naŋ na kpi a yi ba maale sammo meŋ na baŋ e 300. Yeluu yi Liam Donaldson. 7% baalba gaaloo tenne naŋ na baara, ane 10% tembaare, nhɛ la acquire health care-associated infection yeni. A  U.S., 1.7 million baalba la be a asibiti yuoni zaa, naŋ gɛrɛ ka o e 100,000 kūūni, nambare naŋ zɛge do saa gaŋ a Europe be o naŋ e  4.5 million baalba ane 37,000 kuuni.<ref name=":6">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_note-69</ref> '''Meɛbo guuluŋ''' Pampanna asibitiri meɛroŋ taa la kããma mine naŋ na sigiri a toma ko tontonneba kyɛ vɛŋ ka a e contamination naŋ na maŋ vɛŋ a e nyageroŋ a zie zaa. Sori tuubu ko tontonneba naŋ be a asibiti poɔ ane a sortuubu ko baalba na be ziiri. A meɛroŋ meŋ seŋ ka o mɛ a toɔŋ vɛŋ dɔlɔ gyamaa kpɛ o poɔ teseŋ radiology ane wɛroŋ deri kyɛ  naŋ taa vuo ko special wiring, plumbing, ane waste disposal seŋ ka o e kparaama ko a maaloo poɔŋ.<ref name=":7">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annmarie_Adams</ref> A yi a be, asibiti gyamaa, teseŋ a ana naŋ wuli ka a e la "dakore boma", e la boma naŋ yi continual kyɛ gbɛɛ yaga ba maŋ maale taa duobu yuomo mine, ane utilitarian new sections naŋ e boɔbo ane libie taabo feroŋ. Azuiŋ, Dutch architectural historian Cor Wagenaar boɔle la asibitiri gyamaa: "... mɛ catastrophes naŋ taa kaabo yi vast bureaucracies, kyɛ na taa tona yi o tonnoɔre zieŋ banaŋ maale o  ... A maŋ eɛ tuo ka a baŋ toŋ toma, anaŋ maŋ soma ka a vɛŋ baalba maŋ taa teɛrsonne ka na yiriŋ ba be, a maŋ waana ne la stress ane anxiety."<ref name=":8">https://web.archive.org/web/20071017220150/http://www.odemagazine.com/doc/35/healing_by_design</ref> Asibiti-paala mine boɔrɔ la pampana ka ba la leɛ maale naŋ na baŋ kaa a baala yɛŋ boɔbo nyaabo, teseŋ maŋ boɔrɔ sase-sonne, maale nyaamo ane yele waaloŋ nimipɛl mine. A teɛroŋ ama leɛ gaa la a eighteenth century, be a teɛroŋ kyaare neŋ sase-sonne boɔbo ane nyaabo kyaare 'healing powers ko nature' da la a dɛndɛŋ soba naŋ da taa deɛbo a asibiti architects ka la leɛ mɛ ba zimeɛre.<ref name=":8" /> A peɛroo ko a British mɛdikal kpaaroŋ wuli ka asibiti sonne maaloo naŋ baŋ sigiri la  baalba sammo wagere. Wulluu ko a bebiri ŋmenaa eɛ bone naŋ na baŋ soŋ a sigiri depression.<ref>https://hbr.org/2015/10/better-healing-from-better-hospital-design</ref> maŋ soŋ la baalba ka ba taa meŋɛ tɛgɛ sammo ane gyeremɛ. Asibiti ane ziwaaloŋ wuluu meŋ eɛ yelsoŋ – naŋ boɔrɔ ka ba sanne baalba poteɛte kyɛ sigiri ba zēē ane ba balebo semmo.  Maŋ yuo la toŋkori a baalba dieŋ maŋ wuli la tonɔ nyaabo mine naŋ na maŋ vɛŋ sase-sonne kpeɛrɛ ane sigiri microbial diversity.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":6" />Varanda wogroŋ meŋ maŋ sigiri la yi nɛɛsere fatigue ane stress.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Medical_Association</ref> Ziyuo yele mime naŋ la erɛ la a leɛroo ko a ward-based yele (be baalba na maŋ gaŋ a communal deri, na e tɛɛtɛɛ neŋ a di lanne mine) a ko ona ba naŋ kpeɛre yoŋ yoŋ. A ward-based yele  has da taa bigiruu ka nimizeeloŋ toma, te gaŋ a zaa a tontonneba, khɛ o paaŋ eɛ zie naŋ taa balebo yaga ko baalba ane kuɛ ba meŋɛ sammbo. Zie ba naŋ maŋ korɔ baalba neŋ bamenne deri daaroŋ pāā la be la saazu a zimeɛre ane a toma a asibiti naŋ poɔ; ŋaa vɛŋɛɛ la a asibitiri Mine maŋ tere daaroŋ ko  sommene deri mine == Sommo yizie == Pampana asibiti maŋ nyɛ ba sommo yi ne ziire gyamaa. Ba na baŋ nyɛ la sommo yi noba naŋ yɔɔrɔ bee laafeeloŋ susu bee gɔbenneti sommo ane nimimaaroŋ zorebu sommo. A United Kingdom poɔ laafeeloŋ susu gane maŋ Sana noba naŋ e a teŋɛ deme naŋ maŋ e a gɔbenneti sane kyɛ yeluraa baaloŋ eŋ maŋ e weɛlɛ ko neɛ la neɛ zaa, ka fo yi be bee ka fo ba yi be. A naŋ paa seŋ ka a asibiti maŋ kaara libie naŋ ba seŋ bone zuiŋ , tenne mine maŋ kyɛle ba naŋ ba taa a baaloŋ uraa,a lɛzuiŋ ba naŋ na baŋ yɔɔ maŋ gaa la sommeŋɛ asibiti ka ba daŋ ba. A United State poɔ asibiti e la sommeŋɛ yoŋ ka a ziire mine e tona yoŋ asibiti ka a mine la HCA laafeeloŋ. A yeltuuri sama ne a sama ba naŋ ŋmaa ko a noba e la yelsɛgebinni, ama, a sama ama na baŋ ŋmaabare. Bɛŋɛ wuli ka maŋ kaa baala naŋ baalekpaŋkpaŋ ka a baala na baŋ yɔɔ. Sommeŋɛ asibiti naŋ kaara baalekpaŋkpaŋ noba maŋ ŋmɛ la sane ka a mine la a Hurricane Katrina. == Quality and safety == <gallery mode="packed" heights="120px"> File:UVa Medical Center.jpg|upright=0.8|The medical center at the [[Wp/wlx/University of Virginia|University of Virginia]] shows the growing trend for modern architecture in hospitals. File:NHS NNUH entrance.jpg|upright=0.8|The [[Wp/wlx/National Health Service|National Health Service]] [[Wp/wlx/Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital|Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital]] in the UK, showing the utilitarian architecture of many modern hospitals File:HCA Florida Fawcett Hospital Chapel.jpg|upright=0.8|Hospital chapel at [[Wp/wlx/Fawcett Memorial Hospital|Fawcett Memorial Hospital]] ([[Wp/wlx/Port Charlotte, Florida|Port Charlotte, Florida]]) File:Hinduja Hospital, Mahim, Mumbai.jpg|upright=0.8|[[Wp/wlx/Hinduja National Hospital|Hinduja National Hospital, Mumbai]] File:Intensivstation (01) 2007-03-03.jpg|upright=0.8|An [[Wp/wlx/Intensive care unit|intensive care unit]] (ICU) within a hospital File:KlinikumAachen.jpg|upright=0.8|[[Wp/wlx/Uniklinikum Aachen|Uniklinikum Aachen]] in Germany File:TAYS,TAMPERE 1.12-09 aamulla n.klo 8 - panoramio.jpg|upright=0.8|[[Wp/wlx/Tampere University Hospital|Tampere University Hospital]] in [[Wp/wlx/Tampere|Tampere]], Finland File:AIIMS central lawn.jpg|upright=0.8|[[Wp/wlx/AIIMS, New Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] in Delhi, India File:Lehigh-Valley-Hospital.x.jpg|upright=0.8|[[Wp/wlx/Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest|Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest]] in [[Wp/wlx/Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown, Pennsylvania]], U.S. </gallery> == Asibiti Yie mine la == Korle-bu<ref name=":2">https://kbth.gov.gh</ref> [[Wp/wlx/Hamile|Hamile]] Dɔɔta yiri [[Wp/wlx/Nandom|Nandom]] Dɔɔta yiri ==Meŋ Nyɛ A Kyɛ== * [[Wp/wlx/Burn center|Burn center]] * [[Wp/wlx/History of hospitals|History of hospitals]] * [[Wp/wlx/History of medicine|History of medicine]] * [[Wp/wlx/Hospice|Hospice]] * [[Wp/wlx/Hospital network|Hospital network]] * [[Wp/wlx/Lists of hospitals|Lists of hospitals]] * [[Wp/wlx/Hospital information system|Hospital information system]] * [[Wp/wlx/Trauma center|Trauma center]] * ''[[Wp/wlx/The Waiting Room (2012 film)|The Waiting Room]]'' * [[Wp/wlx/Walk-in clinic|Walk-in clinic]] * [[Wp/wlx/GP Liaison|GP Liaison]] ==Notes== <ref name=":4">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#cite_ref-38</ref> ==Bibliography== ===History of hospitals=== * Brockliss, Lawrence, and Colin Jones. "The Hospital in the Enlightenment", in ''The Medical World of Early Modern France'' (Oxford UP, 1997), pp.&nbsp;671–729; covers France 1650–1800 * Chaney, Edward (2000), [https://books.google.com/books/about/The_evolution_of_the_grand_tour.html?id=rYB_HYPsa8gC], in: ''The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian Cultural Relations since the Renaissance'', 2nd ed. London, Routledge, 2000. * Connor, J.T.H. "Hospital History in Canada and the United States", ''Canadian Bulletin of Medical History'', 1990, Vol. 7 Issue 1, pp.&nbsp;93–104 * Crawford, D.S. Bibliography of Histories of Canadian hospitals and schools of nursing. * Gorsky, Martin. "The British National Health Service 1948–2008: A Review of the Historiography", ''Social History of Medicine'', December 2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, pp.&nbsp;437–60 * Harrison, Mar, et al. eds. ''From Western Medicine to Global Medicine: The Hospital Beyond the West'' (2008) * Horden, Peregrine. ''Hospitals and Healing From Antiquity to the Later Middle Ages'' (2008) * McGrew, Roderick E. ''Encyclopedia of Medical History'' (1985) * {{Wp/wlx/Citation |last1=Morelon |first1=Régis |last2=Rashed |first2=Roshdi |year=1996 |title=Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science |volume=3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-12410-2 }} * Porter, Roy. ''The Hospital in History'', with Lindsay Patricia Granshaw (1989) {{Wp/wlx/ISBN|978-0-415-00375-9}} * [[Wp/wlx/Guenter B. Risse|Risse, Guenter B.]] ''Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals'' (1999); world coverage * Rosenberg, Charles E. ''The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital System'' (1995); history to 1920 * Scheutz, Martin et al. eds. ''Hospitals and Institutional Care in Medieval and Early Modern Europe'' (2009) * Wall, Barbra Mann. ''American Catholic Hospitals: A Century of Changing Markets and Missions'' (Rutgers University Press, 2011). {{Wp/wlx/ISBN|978-0-8135-4940-8}} ==External links== {{Wp/wlx/Wiktionary|hospital}} {{Wp/wlx/Commons}} * [[Wp/wlx/WHO|WHO]] Hospitals https://www.who.int/hospitals/en/ * {{Wp/wlx/Cite web|url= https://us.hospitalsworldguide.com/hospitals-in-usa/|title= Global and Multilanguage Database of public and private hospitals|website= hospitalsworldguide[[Wp/wlx/.com|.com]]|language= en}} * {{Wp/wlx/Cite web|url= http://hospitals.webometrics.info/|title= Directory and Ranking of more than 17.000 Hospitals worldwide|website= hospitals.webometrics.info|language= en|access-date= 7 November 2008|archive-date= 21 April 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100421162908/http://hospitals.webometrics.info/|url-status= dead}} {{Wp/wlx/Portal bar|Medicine|Engineering}} {{Wp/wlx/Hospital articles}} {{Wp/wlx/Health care}} {{Wp/wlx/Public infrastructure topics}} {{Wp/wlx/Authority control}} == Tarɩjiihi == <references /> [[Category:Wp/wlx]] {{INTERWIKI|Q16917}} 0uot88svyrs6efpqmm45d1o6v65kqik 0 3523536 7374395 6443255 2026-10-25T19:30:14Z Emmanuellekazadi 2647119 7374395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albertine Sarrazin''': Muena mu ditunga dia [[Wp/lua/Allemagne|Allemagne]] 1937 - 1967 bidimu 29 Muena-malu, Mufundi wa mikanda. [[Category:Wp/lua]] [[Category:Wp/lua/Mìanda ya moyì wa muntu]] {{INTERWIKI|Q453578}} nhfwqvehfhlwlhmcf6d7pbk6ski4y8f 7374397 7374395 2026-10-25T19:30:51Z Emmanuellekazadi 2647119 7374397 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albertine Sarrazin''': Muena mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga|ditunga]] dia [[Wp/lua/Allemagne|Allemagne]] 1937 - 1967 bidimu 29 Muena-malu, Mufundi wa mikanda. [[Category:Wp/lua]] [[Category:Wp/lua/Mìanda ya moyì wa muntu]] {{INTERWIKI|Q453578}} c82wthdsh8dk8v6b3tgz5xiuvhaxd4c 7374399 7374397 2026-10-25T19:31:29Z Emmanuellekazadi 2647119 7374399 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albertine Sarrazin''': Muena mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga|ditunga]] dia [[Wp/lua/Allemagne|Allemagne]] 1937 - 1967 bidimu 29 Muena-malu, Mufundi wa [[Wp/lua/Mukánda|mikanda]]. [[Category:Wp/lua]] [[Category:Wp/lua/Mìanda ya moyì wa muntu]] {{INTERWIKI|Q453578}} 6l21p39mmxj24wemw8orh12e3wvh1r3 0 3534590 7374545 6453789 2026-10-26T02:19:23Z Chersie06 2594754 7374545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=se yon prensip ki la pou diferansye byen avèk mal e ki pou jije yo.|egzanp=Sitwayen yo mande jistis.}} catj62kx1to0d9ionswcku0ko9hjuh9 0 3538499 7374447 7072150 2026-10-25T20:13:39Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374447 wikitext text/x-wiki '''chimie''' tshidi [[Wp/lua/Dimanya|dimanya]] Patrick Walton i muena Irlande wa lumu, kunyima kua dibutuka dia mazuwa mu 1235 pabuipi ne Esnandes, badi bamba ne uvua mupatule mushindu wa kudima mishipa ya mussels pa bouchots. dia nyungulukilu udi ulonga tshidi tshienza tshintu ne dishintuluka dienda nangananga '''atomes''' mu tshi bunyi ba bikila '''molecule''' , ''' réaction chimiques''' idi ishitulula bia ndekelu mu dilama bia kumpala, mu difila dia luuya anyi to,ne bunkenka , katuyi bua kuwa moyi makola adi enza bualu ebu. [[File:Chemicals in flasks.jpg]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] b66nb4gsj7smwi15lu8h56gfbyyd5xu 7374448 7374447 2026-10-25T20:15:04Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374448 wikitext text/x-wiki '''chimie''' tshidi [[Wp/lua/Dimanya|dimanya]] dia nyungulukilu udi ulonga tshidi tshienza tshintu ne dishintuluka dienda nangananga '''atomes''' mu tshi bunyi ba bikila '''molecule''' , ''' réaction chimiques''' idi ishitulula bia ndekelu mu dilama bia kumpala, mu difila dia luuya anyi to,ne bunkenka , katuyi bua kuwa moyi makola adi enza bualu ebu. [[File:Chemicals in flasks.jpg]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] 6i80ccxsekp19s1uo9c56gr02mwa88x 7374449 7374448 2026-10-25T20:16:00Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374449 wikitext text/x-wiki '''chimie''' tshidi [[Wp/lua/Dimanya|dimanya]] dia nyungulukilu udi ulonga tshidi tshienza tshintu ne dishintuluka dienda nangananga atomes mu tshi bunyi ba bikila molecule , réaction chimiques idi ishitulula bia ndekelu mu dilama bia kumpala, mu difila dia luuya anyi to,ne bunkenka , katuyi bua kuwa moyi makola adi enza bualu ebu. [[File:Chemicals in flasks.jpg]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] g5donximhxalirjevbc9sy9zmnjrvgd 7374450 7374449 2026-10-25T20:16:58Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374450 wikitext text/x-wiki '''chimie''' tshidi [[Wp/lua/Dimanya|dimanya]] dia nyungulukilu udi ulonga tshidi tshienza tshintu ne dishintuluka dienda nangananga atomes mu tshi bunyi ba bikila [[Wp/lua/Molecule|molecule]] , réaction chimiques idi ishitulula bia ndekelu mu dilama bia kumpala, mu difila dia luuya anyi to,ne bunkenka , katuyi bua kuwa moyi makola adi enza bualu ebu. [[File:Chemicals in flasks.jpg]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] jr297gokwjqbwhvw9iztgcw0vrzrsc6 7374451 7374450 2026-10-25T20:17:32Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374451 wikitext text/x-wiki '''chimie''' tshidi [[Wp/lua/Dimanya|dimanya]] dia nyungulukilu udi ulonga tshidi tshienza tshintu ne dishintuluka dienda nangananga [[Wp/lua/Atom|atomes]] mu tshi bunyi ba bikila [[Wp/lua/Molecule|molecule]] , réaction chimiques idi ishitulula bia ndekelu mu dilama bia kumpala, mu difila dia luuya anyi to,ne bunkenka , katuyi bua kuwa moyi makola adi enza bualu ebu. [[File:Chemicals in flasks.jpg]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] 7b3qregn4uf6w3qlflgxaodoanj9ibj 0 3546239 7374357 6480908 2026-10-25T19:05:52Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 7374357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jason Miller''', dina dia John Anthony Miller Jr., muledibua mu dia matuku 22 ngondo muinayi 1939, mu tshimenga tshia Queens mu tshimenga tshia New York, ne mufue mu dia matuku 13 ngondo muitanu 2001, mu tshimenga tshia Scranton, mu Pennsylvanie, uvua mufundi wa manaya ne muenji wa manaya wa mu Amerike. Wakapeta difutu dia Pulitzer bua manaya ne difutu dia Tony dia dinaya dimpe bua dinaya diende *That Championship Season*, ne uvua musungudibue bua difutu dia Academy Award dia Best Supporting Actor bua mudimu wende wa Tatu Damien Karras mu filme wa *The Exorcist* (1973), mudimu uvuaye muenze kabidi mu *Exorcist II: The Sequel* (1900). Pashishe wakabenga mudimu wa kumpala mu *Taxi Driver* wa Martin Scorsese bua kuenza mudimu mu *The Nickel Ride* wa Robert Mulligan. Pashishe wakalua mulombodi wa malu a dizola mu nzubu wa manaya wa Scranton mu Pennsylvanie, muvuabu benze *That Championship Season*. Jason Miller [[Category:Wp/lua]] dloo030gyn1jsojann90q96xlcnmy0d 7374358 7374357 2026-10-25T19:06:16Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jason Miller''', dina dia John Anthony Miller Jr., muledibua mu dia matuku 22 ngondo muinayi 1939, mu tshimenga tshia Queens mu tshimenga tshia New York, ne mufue mu dia matuku 13 ngondo muitanu 2001, mu tshimenga tshia Scranton, mu Pennsylvanie, uvua mufundi wa manaya ne muenji wa manaya wa mu Amerike. Wakapeta difutu dia Pulitzer bua manaya ne difutu dia Tony dia dinaya dimpe bua dinaya diende *That Championship Season*, ne uvua musungudibue bua difutu dia Academy Award dia Best Supporting Actor bua mudimu wende wa Tatu Damien Karras mu filme wa *The Exorcist* (1973), mudimu uvuaye muenze kabidi mu *Exorcist II: The Sequel* (1900). Pashishe wakabenga mudimu wa kumpala mu *Taxi Driver* wa Martin Scorsese bua kuenza mudimu mu *The Nickel Ride* wa Robert Mulligan. Pashishe wakalua mulombodi wa malu a dizola mu nzubu wa manaya wa Scranton mu Pennsylvanie, muvuabu benze *That Championship Season*. [[Category:Wp/lua]] m7xjfpljh7esm3k6wj5fpe16i77yfyf 7374361 7374358 2026-10-25T19:08:25Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374361 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jason Miller''', dina dia John Anthony Miller Jr., muledibua mu dia matuku 22 ngondo muinayi 1939, mu tshimenga tshia Queens mu tshimenga tshia New York, ne mufue mu dia matuku 13 ngondo muitanu 2001, mu tshimenga tshia Scranton, mu Pennsylvanie, uvua mufundi wa manaya ne muenji wa manaya wa mu Amerike. Wakapeta difutu dia Pulitzer bua manaya ne difutu dia Tony dia dinaya dimpe bua dinaya diende *That Championship Season*, ne uvua musungudibue bua difutu dia Academy Award dia Best Supporting Actor bua mudimu wende wa Tatu Damien Karras mu filme wa *The Exorcist* (1973), mudimu uvuaye muenze kabidi mu *Exorcist II: The Sequel* (1900). Pashishe wakabenga mudimu wa kumpala mu *Taxi Driver* wa Martin Scorsese bua kuenza mudimu mu *The Nickel Ride* wa Robert Mulligan. Pashishe wakalua mulombodi wa malu a dizola mu nzubu wa manaya wa Scranton mu Pennsylvanie, muvuabu benze *That Championship Season*. [[File:Jason Miller - Broadway headshot c. 1972.jpg|165px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] svvctewhzsx3d9oxkyy5qtktmfiduo4 7374364 7374361 2026-10-25T19:11:30Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374364 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jason Miller''', dina dia John Anthony Miller Jr., muledibua mu dia matuku 22 ngondo muinayi 1939, mu tshimenga tshia Queens mu tshimenga tshia [[Wp/lua/New York|New York]], ne mufue mu dia matuku 13 ngondo muitanu 2001, mu tshimenga tshia Scranton, mu Pennsylvanie, uvua mufundi wa manaya ne muenji wa manaya wa mu Amerike. Wakapeta difutu dia Pulitzer bua manaya ne difutu dia Tony dia dinaya dimpe bua dinaya diende *That Championship Season*, ne uvua musungudibue bua difutu dia Academy Award dia Best Supporting Actor bua mudimu wende wa Tatu Damien Karras mu filme wa *The Exorcist* (1973), mudimu uvuaye muenze kabidi mu *Exorcist II: The Sequel* (1900). Pashishe wakabenga mudimu wa kumpala mu *Taxi Driver* wa Martin Scorsese bua kuenza mudimu mu *The Nickel Ride* wa Robert Mulligan. Pashishe wakalua mulombodi wa malu a dizola mu nzubu wa manaya wa Scranton mu Pennsylvanie, muvuabu benze *That Championship Season*. [[File:Jason Miller - Broadway headshot c. 1972.jpg|165px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] ep67qygsi5lp8hkp9jp1b2hte1g4d04 0 3562771 7374446 7226472 2026-10-25T20:10:53Z Emmanuellekazadi 2647119 7374446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fromage'''(mu nfalansa) tshidi tshia kudia tshienza padi mabala a kuatakana ,anyi benza ne bintu bifuma ku mabela. Badi benza ne mabela a ngonba,ne kabidi mabela aa mbuji,mbowa,mukoku,ne mu meeba aa mutshinga badi benza ne mabela aa kabalu... [[File:NCI swiss cheese.jpg|200px|right]] [[File:Chèvre affiné crémeux.jpg|200px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] {{INTERWIKI|Q10943}} 17frt8ql70hilmtrdhpf1fjbccx4myd 0 3570513 7374385 7212813 2026-10-25T19:26:18Z Emmanuellekazadi 2647119 7374385 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Analyse numérique''' tshidi [[Wp/lua/Dimanya|dimanya]] didi dibuala mu dimanya dia makumi ne dia nfolamantika. Udi utangila nangananga baginlu kupita diela dia mu bienzedi ngenzelu udi yenza bua kufila diandamuna ku pita pa makumi adi ne mushindu wa bungi, ne maalu aa mu tshitupa tshia makumi mu makumi aa analyse. [[Category:Wp/lua]] 3rl0q0e4u4j722xuf6mzmbhn4zpn15c 0 3572141 7374431 6568181 2026-10-25T19:52:16Z Emmanuellekazadi 2647119 7374431 wikitext text/x-wiki Bena Budu badi bantu ba mu Afrike wa pankatshi badi basombele mu ditunga dia kongu wa mu ngalata provense wa Est. [[Category:Wp/lua]] e5esgj4aru3vcudkm28qr1d9r3vb3km 7374432 7374431 2026-10-25T19:53:27Z Emmanuellekazadi 2647119 7374432 wikitext text/x-wiki Bena Budu badi bantu ba mu Afrike wa pankatshi badi basombele mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia kongu wa mu ngalata]] provense wa Est. [[Category:Wp/lua]] n2i1flzcyz5zvnnwwo3ut0kbzd2lvmf 7374433 7374432 2026-10-25T19:55:48Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374433 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bena Budu''' badi bantu ba mu Afrike wa pankatshi badi basombele mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia kongu wa mu ngalata]] provense wa Est. [[Category:Wp/lua]] rivf7h5t0acpei70tkka2n3wfgqacza 7374436 7374433 2026-10-25T19:56:20Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bena Budu''' badi bantu ba mu Afilika wa pankatshi badi basombele mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia kongu wa mu ngalata]] provense wa Est. [[Category:Wp/lua]] mbjnsrj5nd6ic4qq7ddx5ca85jrxroo 0 3572145 7374429 6579779 2026-10-25T19:48:18Z Emmanuellekazadi 2647119 7374429 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bena Bobangi''', badibu babikila imue misangu ne: Bangala (buvule bua Mongala/Ngala), badi tshisamba tshia bena Kongo badi mu ditunga dia République démocratique du Congo ne dia République du Congo, badi bafumine mu tshitupa tshidi pankatshi pa musulu wa Congo ne musulu wa ⁇ Ubangi mu ditunga dia kongu wa mu ngalata . Kumpala, bavua benza mudimu mukole wa buambi ne wa diloba, kadi bavua kabidi bangenda mushinga, biluilu, ne babandi ba mazuwa. Misulu ne misulu ke bivua bintu bia mushinga mukole mu nsombelu wabu. Ngala ndîyi dia kale didi diumvuija ⁇ mbulamatadi wa bena mbulamatadi. Bavua balombola malu a bungenda a ku musulu wa Malebo wa ku Nord mu tshikondo tshivuabu kabayi banji kukokesha ditunga edi. [[Category:Wp/lua]] 7xwmyl7br7zuw19c6ddci6d7xr4sghf 7374430 7374429 2026-10-25T19:49:38Z Emmanuellekazadi 2647119 7374430 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bena Bobangi''', badibu babikila imue misangu ne: Bangala (buvule bua Mongala/Ngala), badi tshisamba tshia bena Kongo badi mu ditunga dia République démocratique du Congo ne dia République du Congo, badi bafumine mu tshitupa tshidi pankatshi pa musulu wa Congo ne musulu wa ⁇ Ubangi mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia kongu wa mu ngalata]] . Kumpala, bavua benza mudimu mukole wa buambi ne wa diloba, kadi bavua kabidi bangenda mushinga, biluilu, ne babandi ba mazuwa. Misulu ne misulu ke bivua bintu bia mushinga mukole mu nsombelu wabu. Ngala ndîyi dia kale didi diumvuija ⁇ mbulamatadi wa bena mbulamatadi. Bavua balombola malu a bungenda a ku musulu wa Malebo wa ku Nord mu tshikondo tshivuabu kabayi banji kukokesha ditunga edi. [[Category:Wp/lua]] 5phb377jtu0xsh9hrjwbou8ujye6vme 0 3572194 7374438 6568327 2026-10-25T20:01:58Z Emmanuellekazadi 2647119 7374438 wikitext text/x-wiki Bena Lengola mbena mu Afilika wa pankatshi badi basombele mu tshipela tshia ku ekwatere tshia munkatshi ne lua ku est kua ditunga dia Congo, ku nseke yonso ibidi ya Lualaba ⁇ musulu wa Congo wa ku mutu. Batu babikila bena Mongo ne: bena Mongo banene. [[Category:Wp/lua]] f14yx2c3ex1f6ztqoyaphg97utn6f07 7374439 7374438 2026-10-25T20:03:03Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374439 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bena Lengola''' mbena mu Afilika wa pankatshi badi basombele mu tshipela tshia ku ekwatere tshia munkatshi ne lua ku est kua ditunga dia Congo, ku nseke yonso ibidi ya Lualaba ⁇ musulu wa Congo wa ku mutu. Batu babikila bena Mongo ne: bena Mongo banene. [[Category:Wp/lua]] qcwsqji8nbrf5q2ez21dnbdpnn4c851 0 3582998 7374197 7322023 2026-10-25T12:42:31Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Mena-asia_default_banner.jpg}} {{Wy/ta/Quickbar | image = | location = | flag = | capital = | government = | currency = ₹ | area = | population = | language = தமிழ் | religion = | electricity = | callingcode = 91431******* | tld = | timezone = ஒ. ச. நே. + 5:30 }} [[Image:Srirangam-Rajagopuram-1.jpg|thumb|- - - - - அரங்கநாதர் கோயில் - - - - - -]] '''திருவரங்கம்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] மாநிலத்தின் [[Wy/ta/திருச்சி|திருச்சிராப்பள்ளி]] மாவட்டத்திலுள்ள ஒரு நகரமாகும். {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு}} [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2304639}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} cn3l055omgb3g3x7kfpq61dpco6nyju 0 3583927 7374313 6598977 2026-10-25T16:21:02Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''பவானி''' இந்தியாவின் தமிழ்நாட்டைச் சேர்ந்த ஈரோடு மாவட்டத்தில் உள்ள பவானி வட்டம் நிர்வாகத் தலைமையிடமும், நகராட்சியும் ஆகும். இது காவிரி ஆறும் பவானி ஆறும் கூடுமிடத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது ஈரோடு மாநகராட்சி எல்லையை ஒட்டி வடக்குப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள நகரமாகும். பவானி நகரம் முந்தைய கோயம்புத்தூர் மாவட்டத்தில் ஒரு பகுதியாக இருந்தது. [[File:Bhavani-Kaveri-Sangamam.JPG|thumb|பவானி-காவேரி-சங்கம்]] [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} onr8j8v7sx8p1blsumb0ushcyv3pyai 0 3613996 7374602 6707882 2026-10-26T03:40:42Z Chersie06 2594754 7374602 wikitext text/x-wiki -0-] }?" {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Vizyon se aksyon pou wè pou reprezante nan lespri moun. Oswa Vizyon : Kapasite pou imajine oswa prevwa sa yon moun vle reyalize nan lavni.|egzanp=Jan fè yon vizyon. oubyen Yon bon lidè dwe gen vizyon pou kominote li.}} 7pwp5poc9213efqzgot761ve25zd65m 0 3620031 7374609 6736575 2026-10-26T04:10:44Z Chersie06 2594754 7374609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Pran yon bagay jan li vini an san chache chanje li. Bay apwobasyon pou yon bagay.|egzanp=Viv nan peyi Dayiti mande pou n aksepte reyalite peyi an.|kontrè=Refize}} r84fxbkv0rq3i8dfmva00s1qgje8wki 0 3622216 7374302 7371917 2026-10-25T16:09:47Z Rooth N 2608660 7374302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q228}} Andorra, omu butongore ni Principality of Andorra, n'eihanga eritarikukwata itaka <ref>"[https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Constitution of the Principality of Andorra]" (PDF). [[:en:General_Council_(Andorra)|General Council]]. art. 1.1. Archived from the original on 10 July 2025. Retrieved 7 July 2026. Andorra is a Democratic and Social independent State abiding by the Rule of Law. Its official name is Principat d'Andorra (Principality of Andorra).</ref>aharurengo rwa Iberian Peninsula, omu burugwa-izooba bwa Pyrenees omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Europe, eri aha nsharo na Bufaransa omumatemba hamwe na Spain omumashuuma. Nikiteekateekwaho kuba kitandikirwe Charlemagne,Andorra ekategyekwa omubare wa Urgell kuhisya omwaka 988, bwanyima y'okuhindurwa omu bureeberezi bwa Roman Catholic obwa Urgell. Obwebembezi oburiho obwahati, bukatebwaho ekiragiro omuri 1278. Obwahati nikyebemberwa abakuru babiri: omureeberezi wa Urgell omuri Catalonia, Spain, hamwe na purezidenti wa Bufaransa. Orurembo rwayo orukuru n'orurembo rwa Andorra la Vella. Andorra niryo eihanga rya kataano omu bukye omuri Buraaya, eririkwingana kiromita 468 (181 sq mi)<ref>[https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf Andorra en xifres 2024] [Andorra in Figures 2024] (PDF) (Report) (in Catalan). [[:en:Executive_Council_of_Andorra|Government of Andorra.]] 2025. p. 7. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260820062727/https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2026. Retrieved 18 July 2026. Total 468 km² [...] Aigües continentals 0,43% [Total: 468 km² [...] Inland waters: 0.43%.]</ref> hamwe n'abantu 87,486, aha okwezi kwa Mushanju omwaka 2026. <ref>Lliure, La Veu. "[https://laveulliure.ad/en/news/andorra-population-surpasses-90000-residents-2026 Andorra Population Surpasses 90,000 Residents in 2026 | La Veu Lliure]". laveulliure.ad. Retrieved 26 August 2026.</ref>Abantu ba Andorra n'oruganda rw'aba Roma orurikukwatanisa munonga n'aba Catalan.<ref>Minahan, James (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups.] [[:en:Greenwood_Publishing_Group|Greenwood Publishing Group]]. p. 47. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30984-7|978-0-313-30984-7]].</ref><ref>"[https://www.countrywatch.com/content/pdfs/reviews/B336M69Q.01c.pdf 2016 Country Review]" (PDF). 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2026.</ref> Andorra n'eihanga rya ikumi na mushanju omubukye omu nsi yoona ahai'eitaka, kandi n'eihanga rya ikumi na rimwe omubukye ahabw'omuhendo gw'abantu.<ref>Malankar, Nikhil (18 April 2017). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170607111953/http://tellmenothing.com/2017/04/18/andorra-unusual-facts-european/ Andorra: 10 Unusual Facts About The Tiny European Principality]". Tell Me Nothing. Archived from [http://tellmenothing.com/2017/04/18/andorra-unusual-facts-european/ the original] on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.</ref> Orurembo rwayo orukuru, Andorra la Vella, nirwo rurembo orurikukirayo oburungi omuri Buraaya, aharurengo rwa mita 1,023 (fuuti 3,356) aharurengo rw'enyanja.<ref>"[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AN/0/Andorra_la_Vella.html Maps, Weather, and Airports for Andorra la Vella, Andorra]". Fallingrain.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140220124035/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AN/0/Andorra_la_Vella.html Archived] from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2012.</ref> Orurimi orurikukoresibwa munonga n'orurimi rwa Catalan,<ref>"[https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Constitution of the Principality of Andorra]" (PDF). [[:en:General_Council_(Andorra)|General Council]]. art. 2.1. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250710191812/https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Archived] from the original on 10 July 2025. Retrieved 7 July 2026. Catalan is the official language of the State.</ref> kwonka n'orurimi rwa Spanish, Portuguese hamwe n'orurimi rwa French nirugambwa munonga.<ref>Centre de Recerca Sociològica (2022). [https://www.ari.ad/images/pdf/llengua.pdf Coneixements i usos lingüístics de la població d'Andorra: Situació actual i evolució 1995–2022] (PDF) (Report) (in Catalan). [[:en:Executive_Council_of_Andorra|Government of Andorra]]; Andorra Recerca + Innovació. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260708033154/https://www.ari.ad/images/pdf/llengua.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2026. Retrieved 7 July 2026.</ref> Eby'oburambuzi omuri Andorra, nibireeta abarambuzi miriyoni munaana buri mwaka.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20241004000000/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra Andorra]". [[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]] (2024 ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024."Andorra". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</ref> Andorra n'eihanga eritarikukwatanisa n'amahanga ga Buraaya agetereine.<ref>[https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/European+Foreign+Affairs+Review/30.4/EERR2025035 Graham Butler, The Legal Relations of the European Union with the Principality of Andorra, European Foreign Affairs Review, 2025, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 527-552] (22 November 2025)</ref> Kikaba kiri memba w'orukiiko rwa Buraaya hamwe n'ekibiina ky'amahanga agetereine kuruga omuri 1993.<ref>"[https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states United Nations Member States]". Un.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220629090000/https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states Archived] from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.</ref> == '''''Enkora y'ebigambo''''' == Oburugo bw'eiziina Andorwa tibumanyirwe, nobu haraabe hariho enteekateeka nyingi. Ekihandiiko kuruga omu mwaka gwa 903 nikikoresa eiziina ry'ekibangirizi hamwe n'omwanya mukye oguri omuri kyo.[25] Ekikuru munonga nikyo ekyateirweho omuhandiiki w'ebyafaayo omuri Bugriika Polybius (Histories III, 35, 1), orikushoboorora ahari Andosins, oruganda rwa Iberian Pre-Roman, nk'orwabaire ruri omu bibanda bya Andorra, kandi orwabaire niruteganisa amahe ga Cartaginian omu kuhika omuri Pyrenees omu ntaro za Punic. Ekigambo Andosini nainga Andosins (νδοσίνοι) nikibaasa kuruga omu rurimi rwa Basque, ekirikumanyisa "ekinene" nainga "ekikugu.". [21] Orurembo rwa Andorra nirworeka obuhame bw'orurimi rwa Basque omukyanga. Ekiteiso ekindi nikyoreka ngu ekigambo Andorra nikibaasa kuruga omu kigambo kya Anorra ekikuru ekirimu ekigambo kya Basque ur ("amaizi"). [22] Ekiteekateeko ekindi nikyoreka ngu Andorra neebaasa kuruga omu kiarabika ad-darra (الدَّارَة), ekirikumanyisa eitaka rihango erishangwa omu nshozi nainga omwanya ogurimu emiti mingi (nga ad- niyo kicweka ekirikwetegyerezibwa). Aba Moor ku baasingire ekizinga kya Iberian Peninsula, ebibanda by'omushozi gwa Pyrenees bikaba bijwire ebibira bingi. Ebyanga ebi bikaba bitarikwebemberwa abasiraamu, ahabw'oburemeezi bw'obutegyeki. [24] Ebiteekateeko ebindi nibyoreka ngu ekigambo eki kirikuruga omu rurimi rwa Navara-Aragonese, ekirikumanyisa "eitaka eribumbirwe ebisaka" nainga "eitaka ry'ebishaka.". [25] Enkora y'abantu neegira ngu Charlemagne akeeta ekicweka nk'ekirikukwata aha kicweka kya Endor nainga Andor eky'omu Baibuli eky'Abakanaani (aho Abamidiani basingwirwe), eiziina eryaheirwe omusika we n'omutabani Louis the Pious bwanyima y'okusingura aba Moors omu "bicweka by'omu kishaka ebya [26]. == '''''Ebyafaayo''''' == ''<small>Ekicweka ekikuru : Ebyafaayo bya Andorra</small>'' Omu bwire bwa Neolithic, guruupu y'abantu ekafuruka yaaza omu kicweka kya Madriu (omwanya oguriho hati oguri omuri Escaldes-Engordany ogurikwetwa UNESCO World Heritage Site) nk'omwanya gw'obutuuro omuri 640 BCE. Abantu b'omu kicweka ekyo bakahinga eby'okurya, bakabiika amatungo g'omuka, kandi bakakora eby'obushuubuzi n'abantu kuruga Ségre na Occitania. [28]. Ebintu ebindi ebirikujaguzibwa omuby'obuhangwa birimu ebituuro bya Segudet (Ordin) hamwe na Feixa del Moro (Sant Julià de Llazi), byombi bikakorwa omu mwaka gwa 4900-4300 BCE nk'eky'okureeberaho ky'obuhangwa bwa Urun omuri Andorra. [28][29] Enkora y'obutuuro bukye ekatandika kutunguuka kuhika aha nteekateeka y'endembo ey'omutaano omu myaka y'ekikomo. Ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu byoma, esente eza ira hamwe n'ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu kushaba, nibibaasa kushangwa omu myanya y'okushemererwamu eya ira okwetoroora eihanga. Omwanya gurikwetwa Roc de les Bruixes (eibaare ry'abaroga) nigubaasa kuba nigwo mwanya gurikukirayo omugasho omu by'obuhangwa omubiro ebi omuri Andorra, oguri omu muruka gwa Canillo, ogurikukwata aha mikoro y'okuziika, ebyahandiikirwe ebya ira hamwe n'ebishushani by'amabaare. [30] == '''''Iberian na Roman Andorra''''' == Abatuuragye b'omu bibanda bakaba nibakwatanisa n'aba Iberians kandi omu byafaayo bakaba nibashangwa omuri Andorra nk'oruganda rwa Iberian Andosins nainga Andosini (νδοσίνους) omu kyasha kya mushanju hamwe n'ekya kabiri BC. Barikwejunisibwa orurimi rwa Celtic, Aquitanian, Basque na Iberian, abantu b'omukyanga bakakora amaziina g'emyanya agariho obwahati. Ebihandiiko by'okubanza hamwe n'ebihandiiko ebirikukwata aha guruupu y'abantu egi bikaruga omu kyasha kya kabiri BC omuhandiiki Omugriika Polybius omu kitabo kye ekya Histories omu ntaro za Punic. [31 ] [32 ] [32 ] Ebimwe aha bisigarira by'omurembe ogu n'ekitebe kya Roc d'Enclare (ekicweka kya Marca Hispanica eky'okubanza), [32 ] l'Anxiu omuri Les Escaldes hamwe na Roc de L'Oral omuri Encamp. [29],[33] Okubaho kw'obutegyeki bwa Rooma kuhandiikwa kuruga omu kyasha kya kabiri BCE kuhisya omu kyasha kya kataano CE. Emyanya erimu Abaroma abaingi omuri Camp Vermel (Red Field) omuri Sant Julià de Lusiya, hamwe n'omumyanya emwe omuri Encamp hamwe na Roc d'Enclar. Abantu bakagumizamu n'obushubuzi, okukira munonga na viinyo hamwe n'ebihimba, n'endembo za Rooma eza Urgellet (eriho hati La Seu d'Urgel) hamwe n'okuraba Segre kurabira omuri roma via Strata Ceretana (ekirikumanywa nka Strata Confluerana). [29][31][34]. ==== ''Aba Visigoth hamwe n'aba Carolingians: ekitebyo kya Charlemagne'' ==== Ahanyima y'okugwa kw'obugabe bwa Rooma,Andorra ekatwarwa aba Visigoths,obugabe bwa Toledo, hamwe n'obureeberezi bwa Urgell. Aba Visigoth bakaguma omu bibanda okumara emyaka 200, obwire obu obukurisitaayo bwajanjaara. Obukama bw'abasiraamu obwa Al-Andalus ku bwasubiriire obutegyeki bwa Visigoths omu bicweka bya Iberian Peninsula, Andorra ekaba eri ahansi y'obushoborozi bwa Frank. Enkora neegira ngu Charles the Great (Charlemagne) akaheereza abantu ba Andorra endagaano y'ekibinja ky'amahe 5,000 ahansi y'obuduumizi bwa Marc Almuteur, nk'okugaruraho okurwanisa aba Moors haihi na Porté-Puymorens (Cerdanya). [37]. Andorra ekaguma eri omu kicweka kya Frankish Marca Hispanica, ekicweka kya buffer zone ahagati y'obugabe bwa Frankish hamwe n'ebyanga by'abasiraamu, kandi Andorra ekaba eri omu kicweka ky'eitaka eririkutegyekwa Count of Urgell kandi ahamuheru bishopu w'obureeberezi bwa Urgell. Eby'obuhangwa nibigira ngu kikahamibwa omutabani wa Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, okuhandiika ekiragiro kya Carta de Poblament. Magana munaana na makumi ataano. [38] Omuri 988, Count Borrell II owa Urgell, akaheereza obushozi bwa Andorra obwa Diocese ya Urgell, arikuhayo eitaka omuri Cerdanya. [39]. Okuruga obwo, omureeberezi wa Urgell, arikutuura omuri Seu d'Urgell, atwire ari omunyiginya wa Andorra. [70] Ekihandiiko ky'okubanza ekirikugamba ahari Andorra nk'eitaka n'ekya Acta de Consagración i Dolation de la Catedral de la Seu d'Urgell (Ekihandiiko ky'okutukuza n'okutongoza Cathedral ya La Seu d'Urgell). Ekihandiiko, eky'omwaka gwa 839, nikyoreka obutegyeki mukaaga obwa Andorra obwabaire nibukora ekicweka ky'obwebembezi bw'eihanga. [41] ==== ''Emyaka ya ahagati: Amaraka hamwe n'okutandikaho obutegyeki bwa Co-Principality'' ==== Omwaka gwa 1095 gutakahikire, Andorra ekaba etaine bukuumi bw'amahe, kandi omureeberezi wa Urgell, owaabaire naamanya ngu Count wa Urgell akaba nayenda kugaruraho ebibanda bya Andorra, [1] akashaba Mukama wa Caboet obuhwezi n'obukuumi. Omuri 1095, mukama wa Caboet hamwe n'omureeberezi wa Urgell bakata omukono ahansi y'ekirayiro ekirikworeka obwebembezi bwabo ahari Andorra. Arnalda de Caboet, muhara wa Arnau owa Caboet, akashwera Viscount wa Castello. Muhara waabo, Ermessenda de Castello, akataaha omu bushwere n'omugabe wa Fox, Roger-Bernard II. Roger-Bernard II na Ermessenda bakagabana obutegyeki bwa Andorra n'omureeberezi wa Urgell. Omu kyasha kya 13, hakabaho entongane z'amahe ahagati y'omureeberezi wa Urgell hamwe n'omugabe wa Fox ahanyima y'orutaro rwa Cathar Crusade. Entongane zikakorwaho omuri 1278 n'okugarukanisa kw'omugabe wa Aragon, Peter III, ahagati y'omureeberezi hamwe n'omubare, obwo barikuta omukono aha kicweka ky'okubanza, ekyabaire nikyoreka ngu obutegyeki bwa Andorra bukagabana ahagati y'omureberezi wa Fox [40] (ekyapa kye kikaba nikiija Eki kikaheereza obutegyeki obutegyeki bwabwo hamwe n'omuringo gwabwo gw'eby'obutegyeki. [41:43] Ekiteiso kya kabiri kikateebwaho omukono omuri 1288 bwanyima y'obutaikirizana obu count wa Fox yaragiira okwombeka ekigo omuri Roc d'Enclair. Ekihandiiko kikahamibwa notary Jaume Orig owa Puigcerán, kandi okwombeka ebyombeko by'amahe omu ihanga kikazibirwa. [1][2] Omuri 1364, ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki eky'eihanga kikatuura eiziina rya Syndic (obwahati omugambirizi kandi purezidenti w'eishengyero) nk'omujwekyerwa w'aba Andorrans omu bakama baabo, ekirikubaasisa okutandikaho ebitongore by'ebyaro (commons, quarts na veynats). Bwanyima y'okuhamibwa omureeberezi Francis Tovia hamwe na Count John I,eishengyero rya Council de la Terra nainga Council General de les Valls (Eishengyero ry'ebishengye) rikatandikwaho omuri 1419, eishengyero erya kabiri erikukirayo obukuru omuri Buraaya. Omuramuzi Andreu d'Alà hamwe n'akakiiko akakuru bakatebekanisa okutandikaho kooti z'oburingaaniza (La Cort de Justice) omuri 1433 n'abanyiginya hamwe n'okushorooza emishoro nka foc i lieu (ekirikumanyisa "omuriro n'omwanya", omushoro gw'eihanga kuruga obwo). [45]. N'obu haraabe hariho ebisigaire by'emirimo y'ekanisa etakahikire omu kyasha kya mwenda (Sant Vicenç d'Enclar nainga Escolas de Santa Coloma),Andorra ekatunguura eby'emikono bya Romanesque omu kyasha kya mwenda kuhisya ekya ikumi na ina, okukira munonga omu kwombeka amakanisa, entindo, ebisiika by'ediini [36]. Ebiro ebi, ebyombeko bya Romanesque ebirikukora ekicweka ky'ebyobuhangwa bwa Andorra, nibireebeka omu muringo gw'omutaano, n'obwegyendesereza ahari Espirit de Sant Esteve, Sant Joan de Caselles, Espirit de Sant Miquel d'Engolasters, Sant Martí de la Cortina hamwe n'entindo za Margineda na Escalls ez' [47]. Aba Catalan Pyrenees bakaba nibamanya orurimi Catalan aha muheru gw'ekyasha kya 11. Andorra ekatwarwa orurimi oru, orwakakoresibwa omu byaro emyaka mingi etakahikire omu mahanga ga Crown ga Aragon agandi. [ 49] Eby'entatsya y'ekyaro omu myaka yahagati bikaba nibyesigama aha matungo, eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa, ebyobugufa hamwe n'okuluka. Bwanyima, ahamuheru gw'ekyasha kya ikumi na gumwe, amakorero g'ebyoma gakatandika kureebeka omu myanya y'oburengyerwa-izooba nka Ordin, agarikusiimwa abakugu omu by'emikono abaatunguura eby'okukora ebyoma, omurimo gw'omugasho omu by'entaasya y'eihanga kuruga omu kyasha kya ikumi [36]. == '''''Eby'obutegyeki''''' == Andorra n'obugabe bw'eishengyero hamwe n'omureeberezi wa Urgell hamwe n'omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Bufaransa nk'abanyiginya. [133] Eki nikireetera omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Bufaransa, nk'omunyiginya w'eihanga rya Andorra, kuba omugabe otoorainwe, n'obu atarikutooranwa akaruuru k'abantu ba Andorra. Eby'obutegyeki omuri Andorra nibibaho omu nkora y'obutegyeki oburikujwekyerwa abajwekyerwa omu ishengyero, n'obutegyeki bw'ebibiina by'obutegyeki bingi. Enganzi y'eihanga niwe mukuru w'eihanga. Enganzi y'eihanga eriho hati ni Xavier Espot Zamora owa Democratic for Andorra (DA). Obwebembezi nibukorwa gavumenti. Obushoborozi bw'okukora ebiragiro, nibuheebwa gavumenti hamwe na ishengyero. Eishengyero rya Andorra nirimanywa nka General Council. Orukiiko orukuru rwine ba kansara abari ahagati ya 28 na 42. [132] Ba kansara nibaheereza emyaka ena, kandi akaruuru nikabaho ahagati y'ebiro 30 na 40 bwanyima y'okubingwa kw'orukiiko orwabaireho. Ekicweka nikitooranwa omubare ogurikwingana kuruga omu miruka mushanju y'obwebembezi, kandi ekicweka ekindi nikitooranwa omu kicweka kimwe ky'eihanga. Abateezi b'akaruuru nibateera akaruuru k'ebibiina by'obutegyeki, kutari abesimbireho, abateezi b'akaruuru nibateera akaruuru k'ekibiina ky'obutegyeki, kandi abasinguzi nibaruga omu rukarara rw'ebibiina by'obutegyeki. Ebiro ikumi na bitaano bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru, ba kansara nibatwara entebe yaabo. Omu rukiiko oru, mukuru w'akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarik Bwanyima y'ebiro munaana,orukiiko rukagaruka rwaterana omurundi ogundi. Omu kushutama oku, enganzi y'eihanga neetooranwa omu bakansala. Abeesimbireho, nibabaasa kuteebwaho akakiiko akarikuhika kimwe kya kataano. Orukiiko nirutoorana oyesimbireho aine oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi kuba enganzi y'eihanga. Orikukurira ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki, nahabwekyo nahabura abanyiginya be, abarikutoorana omwebembezi w'eihanga nk'enganzi y'eihanga rya Andorra. Orukiiko orukuru narwo nirujunanizibwa aha kuteesa n'okutaho ebiragiro. Eiteeka niribaasa kworekwa akakiiko nka Private Members' Bills kuruga omu kakiiko k'ebyaro kashatu hamwe nainga kimwe kya ikumi ky'abatuuragye ba Andorra. Orukiiko nirwikiriza embaririra y'obutegyeki ey'omwaka. Gavumenti eshemereire kuheereza ekiteiso ky'embaririra omu ishengyero okukirizibwa hakiri emyezi ebiri embariirira eyabaireho etakahwireho. Embaririra yaaba etarikwikirizibwa aha eizooba ry'okubanza ry'omwaka ogurikukurataho, ebajeti eyabaireho eyongyezibwayo kuhisya obu endiijo erikwikirizibwa. Eiteeka ryaheza kwikirizibwa, mukuru w'akakiiko k'eby'obutegyeki aine obujunanizibwa kuriheereza abakuru b'eihanga kugira ngu baritahe omukono kandi bariteho ebiragiro. Ssaabaminisita ku araabe atashemerereirwe akakiiko, naabaasa kushaba ngu abanyiginyabebembezi bagashatuure akakiiko reero barete akaruuru akasya. [137] Nabo ba kansara baine obushoborozi bw'okwiha engazi y'eihanga omu ofiisi. Ahanyima y'ekiteiso ky'okwetomboita kwikirizibwa kimwe kya kataano kya ba kansara, akakiiko nikaija kuteera akaruuru kandi ku karikutunga oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi, enganzi y'eihanga neyihwaho. [136] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q228}} 2m4aby0ndd69udd5vbw9zp37391niez 7374303 7374302 2026-10-25T16:10:32Z Rooth N 2608660 7374303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q228}} Andorra, omu butongore ni Principality of Andorra, n'eihanga eritarikukwata itaka <ref>"[https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Constitution of the Principality of Andorra]" (PDF). [[:en:General_Council_(Andorra)|General Council]]. art. 1.1. Archived from the original on 10 July 2025. Retrieved 7 July 2026. Andorra is a Democratic and Social independent State abiding by the Rule of Law. Its official name is Principat d'Andorra (Principality of Andorra).</ref>aharurengo rwa Iberian Peninsula, omu burugwa-izooba bwa Pyrenees omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Europe, eri aha nsharo na Bufaransa omumatemba hamwe na Spain omumashuuma. Nikiteekateekwaho kuba kitandikirwe Charlemagne,Andorra ekategyekwa omubare wa Urgell kuhisya omwaka 988, bwanyima y'okuhindurwa omu bureeberezi bwa Roman Catholic obwa Urgell. Obwebembezi oburiho obwahati, bukatebwaho ekiragiro omuri 1278. Obwahati nikyebemberwa abakuru babiri: omureeberezi wa Urgell omuri Catalonia, Spain, hamwe na purezidenti wa Bufaransa. Orurembo rwayo orukuru n'orurembo rwa Andorra la Vella. Andorra niryo eihanga rya kataano omu bukye omuri Buraaya, eririkwingana kiromita 468 (181 sq mi)<ref>[https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf Andorra en xifres 2024] [Andorra in Figures 2024] (PDF) (Report) (in Catalan). [[:en:Executive_Council_of_Andorra|Government of Andorra.]] 2025. p. 7. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260820062727/https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2026. Retrieved 18 July 2026. Total 468 km² [...] Aigües continentals 0,43% [Total: 468 km² [...] Inland waters: 0.43%.]</ref> hamwe n'abantu 87,486, aha okwezi kwa Mushanju omwaka 2026. <ref>Lliure, La Veu. "[https://laveulliure.ad/en/news/andorra-population-surpasses-90000-residents-2026 Andorra Population Surpasses 90,000 Residents in 2026 | La Veu Lliure]". laveulliure.ad. Retrieved 26 August 2026.</ref>Abantu ba Andorra n'oruganda rw'aba Roma orurikukwatanisa munonga n'aba Catalan.<ref>Minahan, James (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups.] [[:en:Greenwood_Publishing_Group|Greenwood Publishing Group]]. p. 47. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30984-7|978-0-313-30984-7]].</ref><ref>"[https://www.countrywatch.com/content/pdfs/reviews/B336M69Q.01c.pdf 2016 Country Review]" (PDF). 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2026.</ref> Andorra n'eihanga rya ikumi na mushanju omubukye omu nsi yoona ahai'eitaka, kandi n'eihanga rya ikumi na rimwe omubukye ahabw'omuhendo gw'abantu.<ref>Malankar, Nikhil (18 April 2017). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170607111953/http://tellmenothing.com/2017/04/18/andorra-unusual-facts-european/ Andorra: 10 Unusual Facts About The Tiny European Principality]". Tell Me Nothing. Archived from [http://tellmenothing.com/2017/04/18/andorra-unusual-facts-european/ the original] on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.</ref> Orurembo rwayo orukuru, Andorra la Vella, nirwo rurembo orurikukirayo oburungi omuri Buraaya, aharurengo rwa mita 1,023 (fuuti 3,356) aharurengo rw'enyanja.<ref>"[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AN/0/Andorra_la_Vella.html Maps, Weather, and Airports for Andorra la Vella, Andorra]". Fallingrain.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140220124035/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AN/0/Andorra_la_Vella.html Archived] from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2012.</ref> Orurimi orurikukoresibwa munonga n'orurimi rwa Catalan,<ref>"[https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Constitution of the Principality of Andorra]" (PDF). [[:en:General_Council_(Andorra)|General Council]]. art. 2.1. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250710191812/https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Archived] from the original on 10 July 2025. Retrieved 7 July 2026. Catalan is the official language of the State.</ref> kwonka n'orurimi rwa Spanish, Portuguese hamwe n'orurimi rwa French nirugambwa munonga.<ref>Centre de Recerca Sociològica (2022). [https://www.ari.ad/images/pdf/llengua.pdf Coneixements i usos lingüístics de la població d'Andorra: Situació actual i evolució 1995–2022] (PDF) (Report) (in Catalan). [[:en:Executive_Council_of_Andorra|Government of Andorra]]; Andorra Recerca + Innovació. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260708033154/https://www.ari.ad/images/pdf/llengua.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2026. Retrieved 7 July 2026.</ref> Eby'oburambuzi omuri Andorra, nibireeta abarambuzi miriyoni munaana buri mwaka.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20241004000000/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra Andorra]". [[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]] (2024 ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024."Andorra". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</ref> Andorra n'eihanga eritarikukwatanisa n'amahanga ga Buraaya agetereine.<ref>[https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/European+Foreign+Affairs+Review/30.4/EERR2025035 Graham Butler, The Legal Relations of the European Union with the Principality of Andorra, European Foreign Affairs Review, 2025, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 527-552] (22 November 2025)</ref> Kikaba kiri memba w'orukiiko rwa Buraaya hamwe n'ekibiina ky'amahanga agetereine kuruga omuri 1993.<ref>"[https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states United Nations Member States]". Un.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220629090000/https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states Archived] from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.</ref> == '''''Enkora y'ebigambo''''' == Oburugo bw'eiziina Andorwa tibumanyirwe, nobu haraabe hariho enteekateeka nyingi. Ekihandiiko kuruga omu mwaka gwa 903 nikikoresa eiziina ry'ekibangirizi hamwe n'omwanya mukye oguri omuri kyo.[25] Ebyahandiikirwe omu bwire bwa Medieval birimu ebirikushushana nka Annora, Annorra, Anorra, Endore na Norra.[26] Ekikuru munonga nikyo ekyateirweho omuhandiiki w'ebyafaayo omuri Bugriika Polybius (Histories III, 35, 1), orikushoboorora ahari Andosins, oruganda rwa Iberian Pre-Roman, nk'orwabaire ruri omu bibanda bya Andorra, kandi orwabaire niruteganisa amahe ga Cartaginian omu kuhika omuri Pyrenees omu ntaro za Punic. Ekigambo Andosini nainga Andosins (νδοσίνοι) nikibaasa kuruga omu rurimi rwa Basque, ekirikumanyisa "ekinene" nainga "ekikugu.". [21] Orurembo rwa Andorra nirworeka obuhame bw'orurimi rwa Basque omukyanga. Ekiteiso ekindi nikyoreka ngu ekigambo Andorra nikibaasa kuruga omu kigambo kya Anorra ekikuru ekirimu ekigambo kya Basque ur ("amaizi"). [22] Ekiteekateeko ekindi nikyoreka ngu Andorra neebaasa kuruga omu kiarabika ad-darra (الدَّارَة), ekirikumanyisa eitaka rihango erishangwa omu nshozi nainga omwanya ogurimu emiti mingi (nga ad- niyo kicweka ekirikwetegyerezibwa). Aba Moor ku baasingire ekizinga kya Iberian Peninsula, ebibanda by'omushozi gwa Pyrenees bikaba bijwire ebibira bingi. Ebyanga ebi bikaba bitarikwebemberwa abasiraamu, ahabw'oburemeezi bw'obutegyeki. [24] Ebiteekateeko ebindi nibyoreka ngu ekigambo eki kirikuruga omu rurimi rwa Navara-Aragonese, ekirikumanyisa "eitaka eribumbirwe ebisaka" nainga "eitaka ry'ebishaka.". [25] Enkora y'abantu neegira ngu Charlemagne akeeta ekicweka nk'ekirikukwata aha kicweka kya Endor nainga Andor eky'omu Baibuli eky'Abakanaani (aho Abamidiani basingwirwe), eiziina eryaheirwe omusika we n'omutabani Louis the Pious bwanyima y'okusingura aba Moors omu "bicweka by'omu kishaka ebya [26]. == '''''Ebyafaayo''''' == ''<small>Ekicweka ekikuru : Ebyafaayo bya Andorra</small>'' Omu bwire bwa Neolithic, guruupu y'abantu ekafuruka yaaza omu kicweka kya Madriu (omwanya oguriho hati oguri omuri Escaldes-Engordany ogurikwetwa UNESCO World Heritage Site) nk'omwanya gw'obutuuro omuri 640 BCE. Abantu b'omu kicweka ekyo bakahinga eby'okurya, bakabiika amatungo g'omuka, kandi bakakora eby'obushuubuzi n'abantu kuruga Ségre na Occitania. [28]. Ebintu ebindi ebirikujaguzibwa omuby'obuhangwa birimu ebituuro bya Segudet (Ordin) hamwe na Feixa del Moro (Sant Julià de Llazi), byombi bikakorwa omu mwaka gwa 4900-4300 BCE nk'eky'okureeberaho ky'obuhangwa bwa Urun omuri Andorra. [28][29] Enkora y'obutuuro bukye ekatandika kutunguuka kuhika aha nteekateeka y'endembo ey'omutaano omu myaka y'ekikomo. Ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu byoma, esente eza ira hamwe n'ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu kushaba, nibibaasa kushangwa omu myanya y'okushemererwamu eya ira okwetoroora eihanga. Omwanya gurikwetwa Roc de les Bruixes (eibaare ry'abaroga) nigubaasa kuba nigwo mwanya gurikukirayo omugasho omu by'obuhangwa omubiro ebi omuri Andorra, oguri omu muruka gwa Canillo, ogurikukwata aha mikoro y'okuziika, ebyahandiikirwe ebya ira hamwe n'ebishushani by'amabaare. [30] == '''''Iberian na Roman Andorra''''' == Abatuuragye b'omu bibanda bakaba nibakwatanisa n'aba Iberians kandi omu byafaayo bakaba nibashangwa omuri Andorra nk'oruganda rwa Iberian Andosins nainga Andosini (νδοσίνους) omu kyasha kya mushanju hamwe n'ekya kabiri BC. Barikwejunisibwa orurimi rwa Celtic, Aquitanian, Basque na Iberian, abantu b'omukyanga bakakora amaziina g'emyanya agariho obwahati. Ebihandiiko by'okubanza hamwe n'ebihandiiko ebirikukwata aha guruupu y'abantu egi bikaruga omu kyasha kya kabiri BC omuhandiiki Omugriika Polybius omu kitabo kye ekya Histories omu ntaro za Punic. [31 ] [32 ] [32 ] Ebimwe aha bisigarira by'omurembe ogu n'ekitebe kya Roc d'Enclare (ekicweka kya Marca Hispanica eky'okubanza), [32 ] l'Anxiu omuri Les Escaldes hamwe na Roc de L'Oral omuri Encamp. [29],[33] Okubaho kw'obutegyeki bwa Rooma kuhandiikwa kuruga omu kyasha kya kabiri BCE kuhisya omu kyasha kya kataano CE. Emyanya erimu Abaroma abaingi omuri Camp Vermel (Red Field) omuri Sant Julià de Lusiya, hamwe n'omumyanya emwe omuri Encamp hamwe na Roc d'Enclar. Abantu bakagumizamu n'obushubuzi, okukira munonga na viinyo hamwe n'ebihimba, n'endembo za Rooma eza Urgellet (eriho hati La Seu d'Urgel) hamwe n'okuraba Segre kurabira omuri roma via Strata Ceretana (ekirikumanywa nka Strata Confluerana). [29][31][34]. ==== ''Aba Visigoth hamwe n'aba Carolingians: ekitebyo kya Charlemagne'' ==== Ahanyima y'okugwa kw'obugabe bwa Rooma,Andorra ekatwarwa aba Visigoths,obugabe bwa Toledo, hamwe n'obureeberezi bwa Urgell. Aba Visigoth bakaguma omu bibanda okumara emyaka 200, obwire obu obukurisitaayo bwajanjaara. Obukama bw'abasiraamu obwa Al-Andalus ku bwasubiriire obutegyeki bwa Visigoths omu bicweka bya Iberian Peninsula, Andorra ekaba eri ahansi y'obushoborozi bwa Frank. Enkora neegira ngu Charles the Great (Charlemagne) akaheereza abantu ba Andorra endagaano y'ekibinja ky'amahe 5,000 ahansi y'obuduumizi bwa Marc Almuteur, nk'okugaruraho okurwanisa aba Moors haihi na Porté-Puymorens (Cerdanya). [37]. Andorra ekaguma eri omu kicweka kya Frankish Marca Hispanica, ekicweka kya buffer zone ahagati y'obugabe bwa Frankish hamwe n'ebyanga by'abasiraamu, kandi Andorra ekaba eri omu kicweka ky'eitaka eririkutegyekwa Count of Urgell kandi ahamuheru bishopu w'obureeberezi bwa Urgell. Eby'obuhangwa nibigira ngu kikahamibwa omutabani wa Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, okuhandiika ekiragiro kya Carta de Poblament. Magana munaana na makumi ataano. [38] Omuri 988, Count Borrell II owa Urgell, akaheereza obushozi bwa Andorra obwa Diocese ya Urgell, arikuhayo eitaka omuri Cerdanya. [39]. Okuruga obwo, omureeberezi wa Urgell, arikutuura omuri Seu d'Urgell, atwire ari omunyiginya wa Andorra. [70] Ekihandiiko ky'okubanza ekirikugamba ahari Andorra nk'eitaka n'ekya Acta de Consagración i Dolation de la Catedral de la Seu d'Urgell (Ekihandiiko ky'okutukuza n'okutongoza Cathedral ya La Seu d'Urgell). Ekihandiiko, eky'omwaka gwa 839, nikyoreka obutegyeki mukaaga obwa Andorra obwabaire nibukora ekicweka ky'obwebembezi bw'eihanga. [41] ==== ''Emyaka ya ahagati: Amaraka hamwe n'okutandikaho obutegyeki bwa Co-Principality'' ==== Omwaka gwa 1095 gutakahikire, Andorra ekaba etaine bukuumi bw'amahe, kandi omureeberezi wa Urgell, owaabaire naamanya ngu Count wa Urgell akaba nayenda kugaruraho ebibanda bya Andorra, [1] akashaba Mukama wa Caboet obuhwezi n'obukuumi. Omuri 1095, mukama wa Caboet hamwe n'omureeberezi wa Urgell bakata omukono ahansi y'ekirayiro ekirikworeka obwebembezi bwabo ahari Andorra. Arnalda de Caboet, muhara wa Arnau owa Caboet, akashwera Viscount wa Castello. Muhara waabo, Ermessenda de Castello, akataaha omu bushwere n'omugabe wa Fox, Roger-Bernard II. Roger-Bernard II na Ermessenda bakagabana obutegyeki bwa Andorra n'omureeberezi wa Urgell. Omu kyasha kya 13, hakabaho entongane z'amahe ahagati y'omureeberezi wa Urgell hamwe n'omugabe wa Fox ahanyima y'orutaro rwa Cathar Crusade. Entongane zikakorwaho omuri 1278 n'okugarukanisa kw'omugabe wa Aragon, Peter III, ahagati y'omureeberezi hamwe n'omubare, obwo barikuta omukono aha kicweka ky'okubanza, ekyabaire nikyoreka ngu obutegyeki bwa Andorra bukagabana ahagati y'omureberezi wa Fox [40] (ekyapa kye kikaba nikiija Eki kikaheereza obutegyeki obutegyeki bwabwo hamwe n'omuringo gwabwo gw'eby'obutegyeki. [41:43] Ekiteiso kya kabiri kikateebwaho omukono omuri 1288 bwanyima y'obutaikirizana obu count wa Fox yaragiira okwombeka ekigo omuri Roc d'Enclair. Ekihandiiko kikahamibwa notary Jaume Orig owa Puigcerán, kandi okwombeka ebyombeko by'amahe omu ihanga kikazibirwa. [1][2] Omuri 1364, ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki eky'eihanga kikatuura eiziina rya Syndic (obwahati omugambirizi kandi purezidenti w'eishengyero) nk'omujwekyerwa w'aba Andorrans omu bakama baabo, ekirikubaasisa okutandikaho ebitongore by'ebyaro (commons, quarts na veynats). Bwanyima y'okuhamibwa omureeberezi Francis Tovia hamwe na Count John I,eishengyero rya Council de la Terra nainga Council General de les Valls (Eishengyero ry'ebishengye) rikatandikwaho omuri 1419, eishengyero erya kabiri erikukirayo obukuru omuri Buraaya. Omuramuzi Andreu d'Alà hamwe n'akakiiko akakuru bakatebekanisa okutandikaho kooti z'oburingaaniza (La Cort de Justice) omuri 1433 n'abanyiginya hamwe n'okushorooza emishoro nka foc i lieu (ekirikumanyisa "omuriro n'omwanya", omushoro gw'eihanga kuruga obwo). [45]. N'obu haraabe hariho ebisigaire by'emirimo y'ekanisa etakahikire omu kyasha kya mwenda (Sant Vicenç d'Enclar nainga Escolas de Santa Coloma),Andorra ekatunguura eby'emikono bya Romanesque omu kyasha kya mwenda kuhisya ekya ikumi na ina, okukira munonga omu kwombeka amakanisa, entindo, ebisiika by'ediini [36]. Ebiro ebi, ebyombeko bya Romanesque ebirikukora ekicweka ky'ebyobuhangwa bwa Andorra, nibireebeka omu muringo gw'omutaano, n'obwegyendesereza ahari Espirit de Sant Esteve, Sant Joan de Caselles, Espirit de Sant Miquel d'Engolasters, Sant Martí de la Cortina hamwe n'entindo za Margineda na Escalls ez' [47]. Aba Catalan Pyrenees bakaba nibamanya orurimi Catalan aha muheru gw'ekyasha kya 11. Andorra ekatwarwa orurimi oru, orwakakoresibwa omu byaro emyaka mingi etakahikire omu mahanga ga Crown ga Aragon agandi. [ 49] Eby'entatsya y'ekyaro omu myaka yahagati bikaba nibyesigama aha matungo, eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa, ebyobugufa hamwe n'okuluka. Bwanyima, ahamuheru gw'ekyasha kya ikumi na gumwe, amakorero g'ebyoma gakatandika kureebeka omu myanya y'oburengyerwa-izooba nka Ordin, agarikusiimwa abakugu omu by'emikono abaatunguura eby'okukora ebyoma, omurimo gw'omugasho omu by'entaasya y'eihanga kuruga omu kyasha kya ikumi [36]. == '''''Eby'obutegyeki''''' == Andorra n'obugabe bw'eishengyero hamwe n'omureeberezi wa Urgell hamwe n'omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Bufaransa nk'abanyiginya. [133] Eki nikireetera omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Bufaransa, nk'omunyiginya w'eihanga rya Andorra, kuba omugabe otoorainwe, n'obu atarikutooranwa akaruuru k'abantu ba Andorra. Eby'obutegyeki omuri Andorra nibibaho omu nkora y'obutegyeki oburikujwekyerwa abajwekyerwa omu ishengyero, n'obutegyeki bw'ebibiina by'obutegyeki bingi. Enganzi y'eihanga niwe mukuru w'eihanga. Enganzi y'eihanga eriho hati ni Xavier Espot Zamora owa Democratic for Andorra (DA). Obwebembezi nibukorwa gavumenti. Obushoborozi bw'okukora ebiragiro, nibuheebwa gavumenti hamwe na ishengyero. Eishengyero rya Andorra nirimanywa nka General Council. Orukiiko orukuru rwine ba kansara abari ahagati ya 28 na 42. [132] Ba kansara nibaheereza emyaka ena, kandi akaruuru nikabaho ahagati y'ebiro 30 na 40 bwanyima y'okubingwa kw'orukiiko orwabaireho. Ekicweka nikitooranwa omubare ogurikwingana kuruga omu miruka mushanju y'obwebembezi, kandi ekicweka ekindi nikitooranwa omu kicweka kimwe ky'eihanga. Abateezi b'akaruuru nibateera akaruuru k'ebibiina by'obutegyeki, kutari abesimbireho, abateezi b'akaruuru nibateera akaruuru k'ekibiina ky'obutegyeki, kandi abasinguzi nibaruga omu rukarara rw'ebibiina by'obutegyeki. Ebiro ikumi na bitaano bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru, ba kansara nibatwara entebe yaabo. Omu rukiiko oru, mukuru w'akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarik Bwanyima y'ebiro munaana,orukiiko rukagaruka rwaterana omurundi ogundi. Omu kushutama oku, enganzi y'eihanga neetooranwa omu bakansala. Abeesimbireho, nibabaasa kuteebwaho akakiiko akarikuhika kimwe kya kataano. Orukiiko nirutoorana oyesimbireho aine oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi kuba enganzi y'eihanga. Orikukurira ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki, nahabwekyo nahabura abanyiginya be, abarikutoorana omwebembezi w'eihanga nk'enganzi y'eihanga rya Andorra. Orukiiko orukuru narwo nirujunanizibwa aha kuteesa n'okutaho ebiragiro. Eiteeka niribaasa kworekwa akakiiko nka Private Members' Bills kuruga omu kakiiko k'ebyaro kashatu hamwe nainga kimwe kya ikumi ky'abatuuragye ba Andorra. Orukiiko nirwikiriza embaririra y'obutegyeki ey'omwaka. Gavumenti eshemereire kuheereza ekiteiso ky'embaririra omu ishengyero okukirizibwa hakiri emyezi ebiri embariirira eyabaireho etakahwireho. Embaririra yaaba etarikwikirizibwa aha eizooba ry'okubanza ry'omwaka ogurikukurataho, ebajeti eyabaireho eyongyezibwayo kuhisya obu endiijo erikwikirizibwa. Eiteeka ryaheza kwikirizibwa, mukuru w'akakiiko k'eby'obutegyeki aine obujunanizibwa kuriheereza abakuru b'eihanga kugira ngu baritahe omukono kandi bariteho ebiragiro. Ssaabaminisita ku araabe atashemerereirwe akakiiko, naabaasa kushaba ngu abanyiginyabebembezi bagashatuure akakiiko reero barete akaruuru akasya. [137] Nabo ba kansara baine obushoborozi bw'okwiha engazi y'eihanga omu ofiisi. Ahanyima y'ekiteiso ky'okwetomboita kwikirizibwa kimwe kya kataano kya ba kansara, akakiiko nikaija kuteera akaruuru kandi ku karikutunga oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi, enganzi y'eihanga neyihwaho. [136] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q228}} ow6ohqoafi2zfwji3rh3mpwh5teil7t 7374304 7374303 2026-10-25T16:11:20Z Rooth N 2608660 7374304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q228}} Andorra, omu butongore ni Principality of Andorra, n'eihanga eritarikukwata itaka <ref>"[https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Constitution of the Principality of Andorra]" (PDF). [[:en:General_Council_(Andorra)|General Council]]. art. 1.1. Archived from the original on 10 July 2025. Retrieved 7 July 2026. Andorra is a Democratic and Social independent State abiding by the Rule of Law. Its official name is Principat d'Andorra (Principality of Andorra).</ref>aharurengo rwa Iberian Peninsula, omu burugwa-izooba bwa Pyrenees omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Europe, eri aha nsharo na Bufaransa omumatemba hamwe na Spain omumashuuma. Nikiteekateekwaho kuba kitandikirwe Charlemagne,Andorra ekategyekwa omubare wa Urgell kuhisya omwaka 988, bwanyima y'okuhindurwa omu bureeberezi bwa Roman Catholic obwa Urgell. Obwebembezi oburiho obwahati, bukatebwaho ekiragiro omuri 1278. Obwahati nikyebemberwa abakuru babiri: omureeberezi wa Urgell omuri Catalonia, Spain, hamwe na purezidenti wa Bufaransa. Orurembo rwayo orukuru n'orurembo rwa Andorra la Vella. Andorra niryo eihanga rya kataano omu bukye omuri Buraaya, eririkwingana kiromita 468 (181 sq mi)<ref>[https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf Andorra en xifres 2024] [Andorra in Figures 2024] (PDF) (Report) (in Catalan). [[:en:Executive_Council_of_Andorra|Government of Andorra.]] 2025. p. 7. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260820062727/https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2026. Retrieved 18 July 2026. Total 468 km² [...] Aigües continentals 0,43% [Total: 468 km² [...] Inland waters: 0.43%.]</ref> hamwe n'abantu 87,486, aha okwezi kwa Mushanju omwaka 2026. <ref>Lliure, La Veu. "[https://laveulliure.ad/en/news/andorra-population-surpasses-90000-residents-2026 Andorra Population Surpasses 90,000 Residents in 2026 | La Veu Lliure]". laveulliure.ad. Retrieved 26 August 2026.</ref>Abantu ba Andorra n'oruganda rw'aba Roma orurikukwatanisa munonga n'aba Catalan.<ref>Minahan, James (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups.] [[:en:Greenwood_Publishing_Group|Greenwood Publishing Group]]. p. 47. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30984-7|978-0-313-30984-7]].</ref><ref>"[https://www.countrywatch.com/content/pdfs/reviews/B336M69Q.01c.pdf 2016 Country Review]" (PDF). 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2026.</ref> Andorra n'eihanga rya ikumi na mushanju omubukye omu nsi yoona ahai'eitaka, kandi n'eihanga rya ikumi na rimwe omubukye ahabw'omuhendo gw'abantu.<ref>Malankar, Nikhil (18 April 2017). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170607111953/http://tellmenothing.com/2017/04/18/andorra-unusual-facts-european/ Andorra: 10 Unusual Facts About The Tiny European Principality]". Tell Me Nothing. Archived from [http://tellmenothing.com/2017/04/18/andorra-unusual-facts-european/ the original] on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.</ref> Orurembo rwayo orukuru, Andorra la Vella, nirwo rurembo orurikukirayo oburungi omuri Buraaya, aharurengo rwa mita 1,023 (fuuti 3,356) aharurengo rw'enyanja.<ref>"[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AN/0/Andorra_la_Vella.html Maps, Weather, and Airports for Andorra la Vella, Andorra]". Fallingrain.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140220124035/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AN/0/Andorra_la_Vella.html Archived] from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2012.</ref> Orurimi orurikukoresibwa munonga n'orurimi rwa Catalan,<ref>"[https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Constitution of the Principality of Andorra]" (PDF). [[:en:General_Council_(Andorra)|General Council]]. art. 2.1. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250710191812/https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Archived] from the original on 10 July 2025. Retrieved 7 July 2026. Catalan is the official language of the State.</ref> kwonka n'orurimi rwa Spanish, Portuguese hamwe n'orurimi rwa French nirugambwa munonga.<ref>Centre de Recerca Sociològica (2022). [https://www.ari.ad/images/pdf/llengua.pdf Coneixements i usos lingüístics de la població d'Andorra: Situació actual i evolució 1995–2022] (PDF) (Report) (in Catalan). [[:en:Executive_Council_of_Andorra|Government of Andorra]]; Andorra Recerca + Innovació. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260708033154/https://www.ari.ad/images/pdf/llengua.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2026. Retrieved 7 July 2026.</ref> Eby'oburambuzi omuri Andorra, nibireeta abarambuzi miriyoni munaana buri mwaka.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20241004000000/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra Andorra]". [[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]] (2024 ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024."Andorra". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</ref> Andorra n'eihanga eritarikukwatanisa n'amahanga ga Buraaya agetereine.<ref>[https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/European+Foreign+Affairs+Review/30.4/EERR2025035 Graham Butler, The Legal Relations of the European Union with the Principality of Andorra, European Foreign Affairs Review, 2025, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 527-552] (22 November 2025)</ref> Kikaba kiri memba w'orukiiko rwa Buraaya hamwe n'ekibiina ky'amahanga agetereine kuruga omuri 1993.<ref>"[https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states United Nations Member States]". Un.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220629090000/https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states Archived] from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.</ref> == '''''Enkora y'ebigambo''''' == Oburugo bw'eiziina Andorwa tibumanyirwe, nobu haraabe hariho enteekateeka nyingi. Ekihandiiko kuruga omu mwaka gwa 903 nikikoresa eiziina ry'ekibangirizi hamwe n'omwanya mukye oguri omuri kyo.[25] Ebyahandiikirwe omu bwire bwa Medieval birimu ebirikushushana nka Annora, Annorra, Anorra, Endore na Norra.[26] Okushoborora okurikukwata aha iziina kuteirweho, kwonka omukugu omu by'endimi Joan Coromines akahendera ngu obuhame oburiho bukaba butarikwikiriza okushoboorora okurikwetegyerezibwa. Ekikuru munonga nikyo ekyateirweho omuhandiiki w'ebyafaayo omuri Bugriika Polybius (Histories III, 35, 1), orikushoboorora ahari Andosins, oruganda rwa Iberian Pre-Roman, nk'orwabaire ruri omu bibanda bya Andorra, kandi orwabaire niruteganisa amahe ga Cartaginian omu kuhika omuri Pyrenees omu ntaro za Punic. Ekigambo Andosini nainga Andosins (νδοσίνοι) nikibaasa kuruga omu rurimi rwa Basque, ekirikumanyisa "ekinene" nainga "ekikugu.". [21] Orurembo rwa Andorra nirworeka obuhame bw'orurimi rwa Basque omukyanga. Ekiteiso ekindi nikyoreka ngu ekigambo Andorra nikibaasa kuruga omu kigambo kya Anorra ekikuru ekirimu ekigambo kya Basque ur ("amaizi"). [22] Ekiteekateeko ekindi nikyoreka ngu Andorra neebaasa kuruga omu kiarabika ad-darra (الدَّارَة), ekirikumanyisa eitaka rihango erishangwa omu nshozi nainga omwanya ogurimu emiti mingi (nga ad- niyo kicweka ekirikwetegyerezibwa). Aba Moor ku baasingire ekizinga kya Iberian Peninsula, ebibanda by'omushozi gwa Pyrenees bikaba bijwire ebibira bingi. Ebyanga ebi bikaba bitarikwebemberwa abasiraamu, ahabw'oburemeezi bw'obutegyeki. [24] Ebiteekateeko ebindi nibyoreka ngu ekigambo eki kirikuruga omu rurimi rwa Navara-Aragonese, ekirikumanyisa "eitaka eribumbirwe ebisaka" nainga "eitaka ry'ebishaka.". [25] Enkora y'abantu neegira ngu Charlemagne akeeta ekicweka nk'ekirikukwata aha kicweka kya Endor nainga Andor eky'omu Baibuli eky'Abakanaani (aho Abamidiani basingwirwe), eiziina eryaheirwe omusika we n'omutabani Louis the Pious bwanyima y'okusingura aba Moors omu "bicweka by'omu kishaka ebya [26]. == '''''Ebyafaayo''''' == ''<small>Ekicweka ekikuru : Ebyafaayo bya Andorra</small>'' Omu bwire bwa Neolithic, guruupu y'abantu ekafuruka yaaza omu kicweka kya Madriu (omwanya oguriho hati oguri omuri Escaldes-Engordany ogurikwetwa UNESCO World Heritage Site) nk'omwanya gw'obutuuro omuri 640 BCE. Abantu b'omu kicweka ekyo bakahinga eby'okurya, bakabiika amatungo g'omuka, kandi bakakora eby'obushuubuzi n'abantu kuruga Ségre na Occitania. [28]. Ebintu ebindi ebirikujaguzibwa omuby'obuhangwa birimu ebituuro bya Segudet (Ordin) hamwe na Feixa del Moro (Sant Julià de Llazi), byombi bikakorwa omu mwaka gwa 4900-4300 BCE nk'eky'okureeberaho ky'obuhangwa bwa Urun omuri Andorra. [28][29] Enkora y'obutuuro bukye ekatandika kutunguuka kuhika aha nteekateeka y'endembo ey'omutaano omu myaka y'ekikomo. Ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu byoma, esente eza ira hamwe n'ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu kushaba, nibibaasa kushangwa omu myanya y'okushemererwamu eya ira okwetoroora eihanga. Omwanya gurikwetwa Roc de les Bruixes (eibaare ry'abaroga) nigubaasa kuba nigwo mwanya gurikukirayo omugasho omu by'obuhangwa omubiro ebi omuri Andorra, oguri omu muruka gwa Canillo, ogurikukwata aha mikoro y'okuziika, ebyahandiikirwe ebya ira hamwe n'ebishushani by'amabaare. [30] == '''''Iberian na Roman Andorra''''' == Abatuuragye b'omu bibanda bakaba nibakwatanisa n'aba Iberians kandi omu byafaayo bakaba nibashangwa omuri Andorra nk'oruganda rwa Iberian Andosins nainga Andosini (νδοσίνους) omu kyasha kya mushanju hamwe n'ekya kabiri BC. Barikwejunisibwa orurimi rwa Celtic, Aquitanian, Basque na Iberian, abantu b'omukyanga bakakora amaziina g'emyanya agariho obwahati. Ebihandiiko by'okubanza hamwe n'ebihandiiko ebirikukwata aha guruupu y'abantu egi bikaruga omu kyasha kya kabiri BC omuhandiiki Omugriika Polybius omu kitabo kye ekya Histories omu ntaro za Punic. [31 ] [32 ] [32 ] Ebimwe aha bisigarira by'omurembe ogu n'ekitebe kya Roc d'Enclare (ekicweka kya Marca Hispanica eky'okubanza), [32 ] l'Anxiu omuri Les Escaldes hamwe na Roc de L'Oral omuri Encamp. [29],[33] Okubaho kw'obutegyeki bwa Rooma kuhandiikwa kuruga omu kyasha kya kabiri BCE kuhisya omu kyasha kya kataano CE. Emyanya erimu Abaroma abaingi omuri Camp Vermel (Red Field) omuri Sant Julià de Lusiya, hamwe n'omumyanya emwe omuri Encamp hamwe na Roc d'Enclar. Abantu bakagumizamu n'obushubuzi, okukira munonga na viinyo hamwe n'ebihimba, n'endembo za Rooma eza Urgellet (eriho hati La Seu d'Urgel) hamwe n'okuraba Segre kurabira omuri roma via Strata Ceretana (ekirikumanywa nka Strata Confluerana). [29][31][34]. ==== ''Aba Visigoth hamwe n'aba Carolingians: ekitebyo kya Charlemagne'' ==== Ahanyima y'okugwa kw'obugabe bwa Rooma,Andorra ekatwarwa aba Visigoths,obugabe bwa Toledo, hamwe n'obureeberezi bwa Urgell. Aba Visigoth bakaguma omu bibanda okumara emyaka 200, obwire obu obukurisitaayo bwajanjaara. Obukama bw'abasiraamu obwa Al-Andalus ku bwasubiriire obutegyeki bwa Visigoths omu bicweka bya Iberian Peninsula, Andorra ekaba eri ahansi y'obushoborozi bwa Frank. Enkora neegira ngu Charles the Great (Charlemagne) akaheereza abantu ba Andorra endagaano y'ekibinja ky'amahe 5,000 ahansi y'obuduumizi bwa Marc Almuteur, nk'okugaruraho okurwanisa aba Moors haihi na Porté-Puymorens (Cerdanya). [37]. Andorra ekaguma eri omu kicweka kya Frankish Marca Hispanica, ekicweka kya buffer zone ahagati y'obugabe bwa Frankish hamwe n'ebyanga by'abasiraamu, kandi Andorra ekaba eri omu kicweka ky'eitaka eririkutegyekwa Count of Urgell kandi ahamuheru bishopu w'obureeberezi bwa Urgell. Eby'obuhangwa nibigira ngu kikahamibwa omutabani wa Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, okuhandiika ekiragiro kya Carta de Poblament. Magana munaana na makumi ataano. [38] Omuri 988, Count Borrell II owa Urgell, akaheereza obushozi bwa Andorra obwa Diocese ya Urgell, arikuhayo eitaka omuri Cerdanya. [39]. Okuruga obwo, omureeberezi wa Urgell, arikutuura omuri Seu d'Urgell, atwire ari omunyiginya wa Andorra. [70] Ekihandiiko ky'okubanza ekirikugamba ahari Andorra nk'eitaka n'ekya Acta de Consagración i Dolation de la Catedral de la Seu d'Urgell (Ekihandiiko ky'okutukuza n'okutongoza Cathedral ya La Seu d'Urgell). Ekihandiiko, eky'omwaka gwa 839, nikyoreka obutegyeki mukaaga obwa Andorra obwabaire nibukora ekicweka ky'obwebembezi bw'eihanga. [41] ==== ''Emyaka ya ahagati: Amaraka hamwe n'okutandikaho obutegyeki bwa Co-Principality'' ==== Omwaka gwa 1095 gutakahikire, Andorra ekaba etaine bukuumi bw'amahe, kandi omureeberezi wa Urgell, owaabaire naamanya ngu Count wa Urgell akaba nayenda kugaruraho ebibanda bya Andorra, [1] akashaba Mukama wa Caboet obuhwezi n'obukuumi. Omuri 1095, mukama wa Caboet hamwe n'omureeberezi wa Urgell bakata omukono ahansi y'ekirayiro ekirikworeka obwebembezi bwabo ahari Andorra. Arnalda de Caboet, muhara wa Arnau owa Caboet, akashwera Viscount wa Castello. Muhara waabo, Ermessenda de Castello, akataaha omu bushwere n'omugabe wa Fox, Roger-Bernard II. Roger-Bernard II na Ermessenda bakagabana obutegyeki bwa Andorra n'omureeberezi wa Urgell. Omu kyasha kya 13, hakabaho entongane z'amahe ahagati y'omureeberezi wa Urgell hamwe n'omugabe wa Fox ahanyima y'orutaro rwa Cathar Crusade. Entongane zikakorwaho omuri 1278 n'okugarukanisa kw'omugabe wa Aragon, Peter III, ahagati y'omureeberezi hamwe n'omubare, obwo barikuta omukono aha kicweka ky'okubanza, ekyabaire nikyoreka ngu obutegyeki bwa Andorra bukagabana ahagati y'omureberezi wa Fox [40] (ekyapa kye kikaba nikiija Eki kikaheereza obutegyeki obutegyeki bwabwo hamwe n'omuringo gwabwo gw'eby'obutegyeki. [41:43] Ekiteiso kya kabiri kikateebwaho omukono omuri 1288 bwanyima y'obutaikirizana obu count wa Fox yaragiira okwombeka ekigo omuri Roc d'Enclair. Ekihandiiko kikahamibwa notary Jaume Orig owa Puigcerán, kandi okwombeka ebyombeko by'amahe omu ihanga kikazibirwa. [1][2] Omuri 1364, ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki eky'eihanga kikatuura eiziina rya Syndic (obwahati omugambirizi kandi purezidenti w'eishengyero) nk'omujwekyerwa w'aba Andorrans omu bakama baabo, ekirikubaasisa okutandikaho ebitongore by'ebyaro (commons, quarts na veynats). Bwanyima y'okuhamibwa omureeberezi Francis Tovia hamwe na Count John I,eishengyero rya Council de la Terra nainga Council General de les Valls (Eishengyero ry'ebishengye) rikatandikwaho omuri 1419, eishengyero erya kabiri erikukirayo obukuru omuri Buraaya. Omuramuzi Andreu d'Alà hamwe n'akakiiko akakuru bakatebekanisa okutandikaho kooti z'oburingaaniza (La Cort de Justice) omuri 1433 n'abanyiginya hamwe n'okushorooza emishoro nka foc i lieu (ekirikumanyisa "omuriro n'omwanya", omushoro gw'eihanga kuruga obwo). [45]. N'obu haraabe hariho ebisigaire by'emirimo y'ekanisa etakahikire omu kyasha kya mwenda (Sant Vicenç d'Enclar nainga Escolas de Santa Coloma),Andorra ekatunguura eby'emikono bya Romanesque omu kyasha kya mwenda kuhisya ekya ikumi na ina, okukira munonga omu kwombeka amakanisa, entindo, ebisiika by'ediini [36]. Ebiro ebi, ebyombeko bya Romanesque ebirikukora ekicweka ky'ebyobuhangwa bwa Andorra, nibireebeka omu muringo gw'omutaano, n'obwegyendesereza ahari Espirit de Sant Esteve, Sant Joan de Caselles, Espirit de Sant Miquel d'Engolasters, Sant Martí de la Cortina hamwe n'entindo za Margineda na Escalls ez' [47]. Aba Catalan Pyrenees bakaba nibamanya orurimi Catalan aha muheru gw'ekyasha kya 11. Andorra ekatwarwa orurimi oru, orwakakoresibwa omu byaro emyaka mingi etakahikire omu mahanga ga Crown ga Aragon agandi. [ 49] Eby'entatsya y'ekyaro omu myaka yahagati bikaba nibyesigama aha matungo, eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa, ebyobugufa hamwe n'okuluka. Bwanyima, ahamuheru gw'ekyasha kya ikumi na gumwe, amakorero g'ebyoma gakatandika kureebeka omu myanya y'oburengyerwa-izooba nka Ordin, agarikusiimwa abakugu omu by'emikono abaatunguura eby'okukora ebyoma, omurimo gw'omugasho omu by'entaasya y'eihanga kuruga omu kyasha kya ikumi [36]. == '''''Eby'obutegyeki''''' == Andorra n'obugabe bw'eishengyero hamwe n'omureeberezi wa Urgell hamwe n'omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Bufaransa nk'abanyiginya. [133] Eki nikireetera omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Bufaransa, nk'omunyiginya w'eihanga rya Andorra, kuba omugabe otoorainwe, n'obu atarikutooranwa akaruuru k'abantu ba Andorra. Eby'obutegyeki omuri Andorra nibibaho omu nkora y'obutegyeki oburikujwekyerwa abajwekyerwa omu ishengyero, n'obutegyeki bw'ebibiina by'obutegyeki bingi. Enganzi y'eihanga niwe mukuru w'eihanga. Enganzi y'eihanga eriho hati ni Xavier Espot Zamora owa Democratic for Andorra (DA). Obwebembezi nibukorwa gavumenti. Obushoborozi bw'okukora ebiragiro, nibuheebwa gavumenti hamwe na ishengyero. Eishengyero rya Andorra nirimanywa nka General Council. Orukiiko orukuru rwine ba kansara abari ahagati ya 28 na 42. [132] Ba kansara nibaheereza emyaka ena, kandi akaruuru nikabaho ahagati y'ebiro 30 na 40 bwanyima y'okubingwa kw'orukiiko orwabaireho. Ekicweka nikitooranwa omubare ogurikwingana kuruga omu miruka mushanju y'obwebembezi, kandi ekicweka ekindi nikitooranwa omu kicweka kimwe ky'eihanga. Abateezi b'akaruuru nibateera akaruuru k'ebibiina by'obutegyeki, kutari abesimbireho, abateezi b'akaruuru nibateera akaruuru k'ekibiina ky'obutegyeki, kandi abasinguzi nibaruga omu rukarara rw'ebibiina by'obutegyeki. Ebiro ikumi na bitaano bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru, ba kansara nibatwara entebe yaabo. Omu rukiiko oru, mukuru w'akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarik Bwanyima y'ebiro munaana,orukiiko rukagaruka rwaterana omurundi ogundi. Omu kushutama oku, enganzi y'eihanga neetooranwa omu bakansala. Abeesimbireho, nibabaasa kuteebwaho akakiiko akarikuhika kimwe kya kataano. Orukiiko nirutoorana oyesimbireho aine oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi kuba enganzi y'eihanga. Orikukurira ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki, nahabwekyo nahabura abanyiginya be, abarikutoorana omwebembezi w'eihanga nk'enganzi y'eihanga rya Andorra. Orukiiko orukuru narwo nirujunanizibwa aha kuteesa n'okutaho ebiragiro. Eiteeka niribaasa kworekwa akakiiko nka Private Members' Bills kuruga omu kakiiko k'ebyaro kashatu hamwe nainga kimwe kya ikumi ky'abatuuragye ba Andorra. Orukiiko nirwikiriza embaririra y'obutegyeki ey'omwaka. Gavumenti eshemereire kuheereza ekiteiso ky'embaririra omu ishengyero okukirizibwa hakiri emyezi ebiri embariirira eyabaireho etakahwireho. Embaririra yaaba etarikwikirizibwa aha eizooba ry'okubanza ry'omwaka ogurikukurataho, ebajeti eyabaireho eyongyezibwayo kuhisya obu endiijo erikwikirizibwa. Eiteeka ryaheza kwikirizibwa, mukuru w'akakiiko k'eby'obutegyeki aine obujunanizibwa kuriheereza abakuru b'eihanga kugira ngu baritahe omukono kandi bariteho ebiragiro. Ssaabaminisita ku araabe atashemerereirwe akakiiko, naabaasa kushaba ngu abanyiginyabebembezi bagashatuure akakiiko reero barete akaruuru akasya. [137] Nabo ba kansara baine obushoborozi bw'okwiha engazi y'eihanga omu ofiisi. Ahanyima y'ekiteiso ky'okwetomboita kwikirizibwa kimwe kya kataano kya ba kansara, akakiiko nikaija kuteera akaruuru kandi ku karikutunga oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi, enganzi y'eihanga neyihwaho. [136] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q228}} 4aybts1ymz2539pgczv69rqhmewxafo 7374306 7374304 2026-10-25T16:14:22Z Rooth N 2608660 7374306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q228}} Andorra, omu butongore ni Principality of Andorra, n'eihanga eritarikukwata itaka <ref>"[https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Constitution of the Principality of Andorra]" (PDF). [[:en:General_Council_(Andorra)|General Council]]. art. 1.1. Archived from the original on 10 July 2025. Retrieved 7 July 2026. Andorra is a Democratic and Social independent State abiding by the Rule of Law. Its official name is Principat d'Andorra (Principality of Andorra).</ref>aharurengo rwa Iberian Peninsula, omu burugwa-izooba bwa Pyrenees omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Europe, eri aha nsharo na Bufaransa omumatemba hamwe na Spain omumashuuma. Nikiteekateekwaho kuba kitandikirwe Charlemagne,Andorra ekategyekwa omubare wa Urgell kuhisya omwaka 988, bwanyima y'okuhindurwa omu bureeberezi bwa Roman Catholic obwa Urgell. Obwebembezi oburiho obwahati, bukatebwaho ekiragiro omuri 1278. Obwahati nikyebemberwa abakuru babiri: omureeberezi wa Urgell omuri Catalonia, Spain, hamwe na purezidenti wa Bufaransa. Orurembo rwayo orukuru n'orurembo rwa Andorra la Vella. Andorra niryo eihanga rya kataano omu bukye omuri Buraaya, eririkwingana kiromita 468 (181 sq mi)<ref>[https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf Andorra en xifres 2024] [Andorra in Figures 2024] (PDF) (Report) (in Catalan). [[:en:Executive_Council_of_Andorra|Government of Andorra.]] 2025. p. 7. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260820062727/https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2026. Retrieved 18 July 2026. Total 468 km² [...] Aigües continentals 0,43% [Total: 468 km² [...] Inland waters: 0.43%.]</ref> hamwe n'abantu 87,486, aha okwezi kwa Mushanju omwaka 2026. <ref>Lliure, La Veu. "[https://laveulliure.ad/en/news/andorra-population-surpasses-90000-residents-2026 Andorra Population Surpasses 90,000 Residents in 2026 | La Veu Lliure]". laveulliure.ad. Retrieved 26 August 2026.</ref>Abantu ba Andorra n'oruganda rw'aba Roma orurikukwatanisa munonga n'aba Catalan.<ref>Minahan, James (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups.] [[:en:Greenwood_Publishing_Group|Greenwood Publishing Group]]. p. 47. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30984-7|978-0-313-30984-7]].</ref><ref>"[https://www.countrywatch.com/content/pdfs/reviews/B336M69Q.01c.pdf 2016 Country Review]" (PDF). 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2026.</ref> Andorra n'eihanga rya ikumi na mushanju omubukye omu nsi yoona ahai'eitaka, kandi n'eihanga rya ikumi na rimwe omubukye ahabw'omuhendo gw'abantu.<ref>Malankar, Nikhil (18 April 2017). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170607111953/http://tellmenothing.com/2017/04/18/andorra-unusual-facts-european/ Andorra: 10 Unusual Facts About The Tiny European Principality]". Tell Me Nothing. Archived from [http://tellmenothing.com/2017/04/18/andorra-unusual-facts-european/ the original] on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.</ref> Orurembo rwayo orukuru, Andorra la Vella, nirwo rurembo orurikukirayo oburungi omuri Buraaya, aharurengo rwa mita 1,023 (fuuti 3,356) aharurengo rw'enyanja.<ref>"[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AN/0/Andorra_la_Vella.html Maps, Weather, and Airports for Andorra la Vella, Andorra]". Fallingrain.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140220124035/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AN/0/Andorra_la_Vella.html Archived] from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2012.</ref> Orurimi orurikukoresibwa munonga n'orurimi rwa Catalan,<ref>"[https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Constitution of the Principality of Andorra]" (PDF). [[:en:General_Council_(Andorra)|General Council]]. art. 2.1. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250710191812/https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Archived] from the original on 10 July 2025. Retrieved 7 July 2026. Catalan is the official language of the State.</ref> kwonka n'orurimi rwa Spanish, Portuguese hamwe n'orurimi rwa French nirugambwa munonga.<ref>Centre de Recerca Sociològica (2022). [https://www.ari.ad/images/pdf/llengua.pdf Coneixements i usos lingüístics de la població d'Andorra: Situació actual i evolució 1995–2022] (PDF) (Report) (in Catalan). [[:en:Executive_Council_of_Andorra|Government of Andorra]]; Andorra Recerca + Innovació. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260708033154/https://www.ari.ad/images/pdf/llengua.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2026. Retrieved 7 July 2026.</ref> Eby'oburambuzi omuri Andorra, nibireeta abarambuzi miriyoni munaana buri mwaka.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20241004000000/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra Andorra]". [[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]] (2024 ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024."Andorra". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</ref> Andorra n'eihanga eritarikukwatanisa n'amahanga ga Buraaya agetereine.<ref>[https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/European+Foreign+Affairs+Review/30.4/EERR2025035 Graham Butler, The Legal Relations of the European Union with the Principality of Andorra, European Foreign Affairs Review, 2025, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 527-552] (22 November 2025)</ref> Kikaba kiri memba w'orukiiko rwa Buraaya hamwe n'ekibiina ky'amahanga agetereine kuruga omuri 1993.<ref>"[https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states United Nations Member States]". Un.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220629090000/https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states Archived] from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.</ref> == '''''Enkora y'ebigambo''''' == Oburugo bw'eiziina Andorwa tibumanyirwe, nobu haraabe hariho enteekateeka nyingi. Ekihandiiko kuruga omu mwaka gwa 903 nikikoresa eiziina ry'ekibangirizi hamwe n'omwanya mukye oguri omuri kyo.<ref>Gascón Chopo, Carles (2022). "[https://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000317/00000065.pdf Adéu als andosins? Algunes reflexions sobre els orígens del topònim Andorra]" [Goodbye to the Andosini? Some reflections on the origins of the place name Andorra] (PDF). Papers de recerca històrica (in Catalan). 10. Societat Andorrana de Ciències: 145–149. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2436/20.8060.03.109|10.2436/20.8060.03.109]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260730031931/https://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000317/00000065.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2026. Retrieved 1 August 2026.</ref> Ebyahandiikirwe omu bwire bwa Medieval birimu ebirikushushana nka Annora, Annorra, Anorra, Endore na Norra.[26] Okushoborora okurikukwata aha iziina kuteirweho, kwonka omukugu omu by'endimi Joan Coromines akahendera ngu obuhame oburiho bukaba butarikwikiriza okushoboorora okurikwetegyerezibwa. Ekikuru munonga nikyo ekyateirweho omuhandiiki w'ebyafaayo omuri Bugriika Polybius (Histories III, 35, 1), orikushoboorora ahari Andosins, oruganda rwa Iberian Pre-Roman, nk'orwabaire ruri omu bibanda bya Andorra, kandi orwabaire niruteganisa amahe ga Cartaginian omu kuhika omuri Pyrenees omu ntaro za Punic. Ekigambo Andosini nainga Andosins (νδοσίνοι) nikibaasa kuruga omu rurimi rwa Basque, ekirikumanyisa "ekinene" nainga "ekikugu.". [21] Orurembo rwa Andorra nirworeka obuhame bw'orurimi rwa Basque omukyanga. Ekiteiso ekindi nikyoreka ngu ekigambo Andorra nikibaasa kuruga omu kigambo kya Anorra ekikuru ekirimu ekigambo kya Basque ur ("amaizi"). [22] Ekiteekateeko ekindi nikyoreka ngu Andorra neebaasa kuruga omu kiarabika ad-darra (الدَّارَة), ekirikumanyisa eitaka rihango erishangwa omu nshozi nainga omwanya ogurimu emiti mingi (nga ad- niyo kicweka ekirikwetegyerezibwa). Aba Moor ku baasingire ekizinga kya Iberian Peninsula, ebibanda by'omushozi gwa Pyrenees bikaba bijwire ebibira bingi. Ebyanga ebi bikaba bitarikwebemberwa abasiraamu, ahabw'oburemeezi bw'obutegyeki. [24] Ebiteekateeko ebindi nibyoreka ngu ekigambo eki kirikuruga omu rurimi rwa Navara-Aragonese, ekirikumanyisa "eitaka eribumbirwe ebisaka" nainga "eitaka ry'ebishaka.". [25] Enkora y'abantu neegira ngu Charlemagne akeeta ekicweka nk'ekirikukwata aha kicweka kya Endor nainga Andor eky'omu Baibuli eky'Abakanaani (aho Abamidiani basingwirwe), eiziina eryaheirwe omusika we n'omutabani Louis the Pious bwanyima y'okusingura aba Moors omu "bicweka by'omu kishaka ebya [26]. == '''''Ebyafaayo''''' == ''<small>Ekicweka ekikuru : Ebyafaayo bya Andorra</small>'' Omu bwire bwa Neolithic, guruupu y'abantu ekafuruka yaaza omu kicweka kya Madriu (omwanya oguriho hati oguri omuri Escaldes-Engordany ogurikwetwa UNESCO World Heritage Site) nk'omwanya gw'obutuuro omuri 640 BCE. Abantu b'omu kicweka ekyo bakahinga eby'okurya, bakabiika amatungo g'omuka, kandi bakakora eby'obushuubuzi n'abantu kuruga Ségre na Occitania. [28]. Ebintu ebindi ebirikujaguzibwa omuby'obuhangwa birimu ebituuro bya Segudet (Ordin) hamwe na Feixa del Moro (Sant Julià de Llazi), byombi bikakorwa omu mwaka gwa 4900-4300 BCE nk'eky'okureeberaho ky'obuhangwa bwa Urun omuri Andorra. [28][29] Enkora y'obutuuro bukye ekatandika kutunguuka kuhika aha nteekateeka y'endembo ey'omutaano omu myaka y'ekikomo. Ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu byoma, esente eza ira hamwe n'ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu kushaba, nibibaasa kushangwa omu myanya y'okushemererwamu eya ira okwetoroora eihanga. Omwanya gurikwetwa Roc de les Bruixes (eibaare ry'abaroga) nigubaasa kuba nigwo mwanya gurikukirayo omugasho omu by'obuhangwa omubiro ebi omuri Andorra, oguri omu muruka gwa Canillo, ogurikukwata aha mikoro y'okuziika, ebyahandiikirwe ebya ira hamwe n'ebishushani by'amabaare. [30] == '''''Iberian na Roman Andorra''''' == Abatuuragye b'omu bibanda bakaba nibakwatanisa n'aba Iberians kandi omu byafaayo bakaba nibashangwa omuri Andorra nk'oruganda rwa Iberian Andosins nainga Andosini (νδοσίνους) omu kyasha kya mushanju hamwe n'ekya kabiri BC. Barikwejunisibwa orurimi rwa Celtic, Aquitanian, Basque na Iberian, abantu b'omukyanga bakakora amaziina g'emyanya agariho obwahati. Ebihandiiko by'okubanza hamwe n'ebihandiiko ebirikukwata aha guruupu y'abantu egi bikaruga omu kyasha kya kabiri BC omuhandiiki Omugriika Polybius omu kitabo kye ekya Histories omu ntaro za Punic. [31 ] [32 ] [32 ] Ebimwe aha bisigarira by'omurembe ogu n'ekitebe kya Roc d'Enclare (ekicweka kya Marca Hispanica eky'okubanza), [32 ] l'Anxiu omuri Les Escaldes hamwe na Roc de L'Oral omuri Encamp. [29],[33] Okubaho kw'obutegyeki bwa Rooma kuhandiikwa kuruga omu kyasha kya kabiri BCE kuhisya omu kyasha kya kataano CE. Emyanya erimu Abaroma abaingi omuri Camp Vermel (Red Field) omuri Sant Julià de Lusiya, hamwe n'omumyanya emwe omuri Encamp hamwe na Roc d'Enclar. Abantu bakagumizamu n'obushubuzi, okukira munonga na viinyo hamwe n'ebihimba, n'endembo za Rooma eza Urgellet (eriho hati La Seu d'Urgel) hamwe n'okuraba Segre kurabira omuri roma via Strata Ceretana (ekirikumanywa nka Strata Confluerana). [29][31][34]. ==== ''Aba Visigoth hamwe n'aba Carolingians: ekitebyo kya Charlemagne'' ==== Ahanyima y'okugwa kw'obugabe bwa Rooma,Andorra ekatwarwa aba Visigoths,obugabe bwa Toledo, hamwe n'obureeberezi bwa Urgell. Aba Visigoth bakaguma omu bibanda okumara emyaka 200, obwire obu obukurisitaayo bwajanjaara. Obukama bw'abasiraamu obwa Al-Andalus ku bwasubiriire obutegyeki bwa Visigoths omu bicweka bya Iberian Peninsula, Andorra ekaba eri ahansi y'obushoborozi bwa Frank. Enkora neegira ngu Charles the Great (Charlemagne) akaheereza abantu ba Andorra endagaano y'ekibinja ky'amahe 5,000 ahansi y'obuduumizi bwa Marc Almuteur, nk'okugaruraho okurwanisa aba Moors haihi na Porté-Puymorens (Cerdanya). [37]. Andorra ekaguma eri omu kicweka kya Frankish Marca Hispanica, ekicweka kya buffer zone ahagati y'obugabe bwa Frankish hamwe n'ebyanga by'abasiraamu, kandi Andorra ekaba eri omu kicweka ky'eitaka eririkutegyekwa Count of Urgell kandi ahamuheru bishopu w'obureeberezi bwa Urgell. Eby'obuhangwa nibigira ngu kikahamibwa omutabani wa Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, okuhandiika ekiragiro kya Carta de Poblament. Magana munaana na makumi ataano. [38] Omuri 988, Count Borrell II owa Urgell, akaheereza obushozi bwa Andorra obwa Diocese ya Urgell, arikuhayo eitaka omuri Cerdanya. [39]. Okuruga obwo, omureeberezi wa Urgell, arikutuura omuri Seu d'Urgell, atwire ari omunyiginya wa Andorra. [70] Ekihandiiko ky'okubanza ekirikugamba ahari Andorra nk'eitaka n'ekya Acta de Consagración i Dolation de la Catedral de la Seu d'Urgell (Ekihandiiko ky'okutukuza n'okutongoza Cathedral ya La Seu d'Urgell). Ekihandiiko, eky'omwaka gwa 839, nikyoreka obutegyeki mukaaga obwa Andorra obwabaire nibukora ekicweka ky'obwebembezi bw'eihanga. [41] ==== ''Emyaka ya ahagati: Amaraka hamwe n'okutandikaho obutegyeki bwa Co-Principality'' ==== Omwaka gwa 1095 gutakahikire, Andorra ekaba etaine bukuumi bw'amahe, kandi omureeberezi wa Urgell, owaabaire naamanya ngu Count wa Urgell akaba nayenda kugaruraho ebibanda bya Andorra, [1] akashaba Mukama wa Caboet obuhwezi n'obukuumi. Omuri 1095, mukama wa Caboet hamwe n'omureeberezi wa Urgell bakata omukono ahansi y'ekirayiro ekirikworeka obwebembezi bwabo ahari Andorra. Arnalda de Caboet, muhara wa Arnau owa Caboet, akashwera Viscount wa Castello. Muhara waabo, Ermessenda de Castello, akataaha omu bushwere n'omugabe wa Fox, Roger-Bernard II. Roger-Bernard II na Ermessenda bakagabana obutegyeki bwa Andorra n'omureeberezi wa Urgell. Omu kyasha kya 13, hakabaho entongane z'amahe ahagati y'omureeberezi wa Urgell hamwe n'omugabe wa Fox ahanyima y'orutaro rwa Cathar Crusade. Entongane zikakorwaho omuri 1278 n'okugarukanisa kw'omugabe wa Aragon, Peter III, ahagati y'omureeberezi hamwe n'omubare, obwo barikuta omukono aha kicweka ky'okubanza, ekyabaire nikyoreka ngu obutegyeki bwa Andorra bukagabana ahagati y'omureberezi wa Fox [40] (ekyapa kye kikaba nikiija Eki kikaheereza obutegyeki obutegyeki bwabwo hamwe n'omuringo gwabwo gw'eby'obutegyeki. [41:43] Ekiteiso kya kabiri kikateebwaho omukono omuri 1288 bwanyima y'obutaikirizana obu count wa Fox yaragiira okwombeka ekigo omuri Roc d'Enclair. Ekihandiiko kikahamibwa notary Jaume Orig owa Puigcerán, kandi okwombeka ebyombeko by'amahe omu ihanga kikazibirwa. [1][2] Omuri 1364, ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki eky'eihanga kikatuura eiziina rya Syndic (obwahati omugambirizi kandi purezidenti w'eishengyero) nk'omujwekyerwa w'aba Andorrans omu bakama baabo, ekirikubaasisa okutandikaho ebitongore by'ebyaro (commons, quarts na veynats). Bwanyima y'okuhamibwa omureeberezi Francis Tovia hamwe na Count John I,eishengyero rya Council de la Terra nainga Council General de les Valls (Eishengyero ry'ebishengye) rikatandikwaho omuri 1419, eishengyero erya kabiri erikukirayo obukuru omuri Buraaya. Omuramuzi Andreu d'Alà hamwe n'akakiiko akakuru bakatebekanisa okutandikaho kooti z'oburingaaniza (La Cort de Justice) omuri 1433 n'abanyiginya hamwe n'okushorooza emishoro nka foc i lieu (ekirikumanyisa "omuriro n'omwanya", omushoro gw'eihanga kuruga obwo). [45]. N'obu haraabe hariho ebisigaire by'emirimo y'ekanisa etakahikire omu kyasha kya mwenda (Sant Vicenç d'Enclar nainga Escolas de Santa Coloma),Andorra ekatunguura eby'emikono bya Romanesque omu kyasha kya mwenda kuhisya ekya ikumi na ina, okukira munonga omu kwombeka amakanisa, entindo, ebisiika by'ediini [36]. Ebiro ebi, ebyombeko bya Romanesque ebirikukora ekicweka ky'ebyobuhangwa bwa Andorra, nibireebeka omu muringo gw'omutaano, n'obwegyendesereza ahari Espirit de Sant Esteve, Sant Joan de Caselles, Espirit de Sant Miquel d'Engolasters, Sant Martí de la Cortina hamwe n'entindo za Margineda na Escalls ez' [47]. Aba Catalan Pyrenees bakaba nibamanya orurimi Catalan aha muheru gw'ekyasha kya 11. Andorra ekatwarwa orurimi oru, orwakakoresibwa omu byaro emyaka mingi etakahikire omu mahanga ga Crown ga Aragon agandi. [ 49] Eby'entatsya y'ekyaro omu myaka yahagati bikaba nibyesigama aha matungo, eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa, ebyobugufa hamwe n'okuluka. Bwanyima, ahamuheru gw'ekyasha kya ikumi na gumwe, amakorero g'ebyoma gakatandika kureebeka omu myanya y'oburengyerwa-izooba nka Ordin, agarikusiimwa abakugu omu by'emikono abaatunguura eby'okukora ebyoma, omurimo gw'omugasho omu by'entaasya y'eihanga kuruga omu kyasha kya ikumi [36]. == '''''Eby'obutegyeki''''' == Andorra n'obugabe bw'eishengyero hamwe n'omureeberezi wa Urgell hamwe n'omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Bufaransa nk'abanyiginya. [133] Eki nikireetera omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Bufaransa, nk'omunyiginya w'eihanga rya Andorra, kuba omugabe otoorainwe, n'obu atarikutooranwa akaruuru k'abantu ba Andorra. Eby'obutegyeki omuri Andorra nibibaho omu nkora y'obutegyeki oburikujwekyerwa abajwekyerwa omu ishengyero, n'obutegyeki bw'ebibiina by'obutegyeki bingi. Enganzi y'eihanga niwe mukuru w'eihanga. Enganzi y'eihanga eriho hati ni Xavier Espot Zamora owa Democratic for Andorra (DA). Obwebembezi nibukorwa gavumenti. Obushoborozi bw'okukora ebiragiro, nibuheebwa gavumenti hamwe na ishengyero. Eishengyero rya Andorra nirimanywa nka General Council. Orukiiko orukuru rwine ba kansara abari ahagati ya 28 na 42. [132] Ba kansara nibaheereza emyaka ena, kandi akaruuru nikabaho ahagati y'ebiro 30 na 40 bwanyima y'okubingwa kw'orukiiko orwabaireho. Ekicweka nikitooranwa omubare ogurikwingana kuruga omu miruka mushanju y'obwebembezi, kandi ekicweka ekindi nikitooranwa omu kicweka kimwe ky'eihanga. Abateezi b'akaruuru nibateera akaruuru k'ebibiina by'obutegyeki, kutari abesimbireho, abateezi b'akaruuru nibateera akaruuru k'ekibiina ky'obutegyeki, kandi abasinguzi nibaruga omu rukarara rw'ebibiina by'obutegyeki. Ebiro ikumi na bitaano bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru, ba kansara nibatwara entebe yaabo. Omu rukiiko oru, mukuru w'akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarik Bwanyima y'ebiro munaana,orukiiko rukagaruka rwaterana omurundi ogundi. Omu kushutama oku, enganzi y'eihanga neetooranwa omu bakansala. Abeesimbireho, nibabaasa kuteebwaho akakiiko akarikuhika kimwe kya kataano. Orukiiko nirutoorana oyesimbireho aine oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi kuba enganzi y'eihanga. Orikukurira ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki, nahabwekyo nahabura abanyiginya be, abarikutoorana omwebembezi w'eihanga nk'enganzi y'eihanga rya Andorra. Orukiiko orukuru narwo nirujunanizibwa aha kuteesa n'okutaho ebiragiro. Eiteeka niribaasa kworekwa akakiiko nka Private Members' Bills kuruga omu kakiiko k'ebyaro kashatu hamwe nainga kimwe kya ikumi ky'abatuuragye ba Andorra. Orukiiko nirwikiriza embaririra y'obutegyeki ey'omwaka. Gavumenti eshemereire kuheereza ekiteiso ky'embaririra omu ishengyero okukirizibwa hakiri emyezi ebiri embariirira eyabaireho etakahwireho. Embaririra yaaba etarikwikirizibwa aha eizooba ry'okubanza ry'omwaka ogurikukurataho, ebajeti eyabaireho eyongyezibwayo kuhisya obu endiijo erikwikirizibwa. Eiteeka ryaheza kwikirizibwa, mukuru w'akakiiko k'eby'obutegyeki aine obujunanizibwa kuriheereza abakuru b'eihanga kugira ngu baritahe omukono kandi bariteho ebiragiro. Ssaabaminisita ku araabe atashemerereirwe akakiiko, naabaasa kushaba ngu abanyiginyabebembezi bagashatuure akakiiko reero barete akaruuru akasya. [137] Nabo ba kansara baine obushoborozi bw'okwiha engazi y'eihanga omu ofiisi. Ahanyima y'ekiteiso ky'okwetomboita kwikirizibwa kimwe kya kataano kya ba kansara, akakiiko nikaija kuteera akaruuru kandi ku karikutunga oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi, enganzi y'eihanga neyihwaho. [136] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q228}} mqg5cqvu0o9ollv1c5fcggtdceuj9ih 7374310 7374306 2026-10-25T16:19:39Z Rooth N 2608660 7374310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q228}} Andorra, omu butongore ni Principality of Andorra, n'eihanga eritarikukwata itaka <ref>"[https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Constitution of the Principality of Andorra]" (PDF). [[:en:General_Council_(Andorra)|General Council]]. art. 1.1. Archived from the original on 10 July 2025. Retrieved 7 July 2026. Andorra is a Democratic and Social independent State abiding by the Rule of Law. Its official name is Principat d'Andorra (Principality of Andorra).</ref>aharurengo rwa Iberian Peninsula, omu burugwa-izooba bwa Pyrenees omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Europe, eri aha nsharo na Bufaransa omumatemba hamwe na Spain omumashuuma. Nikiteekateekwaho kuba kitandikirwe Charlemagne,Andorra ekategyekwa omubare wa Urgell kuhisya omwaka 988, bwanyima y'okuhindurwa omu bureeberezi bwa Roman Catholic obwa Urgell. Obwebembezi oburiho obwahati, bukatebwaho ekiragiro omuri 1278. Obwahati nikyebemberwa abakuru babiri: omureeberezi wa Urgell omuri Catalonia, Spain, hamwe na purezidenti wa Bufaransa. Orurembo rwayo orukuru n'orurembo rwa Andorra la Vella. Andorra niryo eihanga rya kataano omu bukye omuri Buraaya, eririkwingana kiromita 468 (181 sq mi)<ref>[https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf Andorra en xifres 2024] [Andorra in Figures 2024] (PDF) (Report) (in Catalan). [[:en:Executive_Council_of_Andorra|Government of Andorra.]] 2025. p. 7. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260820062727/https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2026. Retrieved 18 July 2026. Total 468 km² [...] Aigües continentals 0,43% [Total: 468 km² [...] Inland waters: 0.43%.]</ref> hamwe n'abantu 87,486, aha okwezi kwa Mushanju omwaka 2026. <ref>Lliure, La Veu. "[https://laveulliure.ad/en/news/andorra-population-surpasses-90000-residents-2026 Andorra Population Surpasses 90,000 Residents in 2026 | La Veu Lliure]". laveulliure.ad. Retrieved 26 August 2026.</ref>Abantu ba Andorra n'oruganda rw'aba Roma orurikukwatanisa munonga n'aba Catalan.<ref>Minahan, James (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups.] [[:en:Greenwood_Publishing_Group|Greenwood Publishing Group]]. p. 47. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30984-7|978-0-313-30984-7]].</ref><ref>"[https://www.countrywatch.com/content/pdfs/reviews/B336M69Q.01c.pdf 2016 Country Review]" (PDF). 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2026.</ref> Andorra n'eihanga rya ikumi na mushanju omubukye omu nsi yoona ahai'eitaka, kandi n'eihanga rya ikumi na rimwe omubukye ahabw'omuhendo gw'abantu.<ref>Malankar, Nikhil (18 April 2017). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170607111953/http://tellmenothing.com/2017/04/18/andorra-unusual-facts-european/ Andorra: 10 Unusual Facts About The Tiny European Principality]". Tell Me Nothing. Archived from [http://tellmenothing.com/2017/04/18/andorra-unusual-facts-european/ the original] on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.</ref> Orurembo rwayo orukuru, Andorra la Vella, nirwo rurembo orurikukirayo oburungi omuri Buraaya, aharurengo rwa mita 1,023 (fuuti 3,356) aharurengo rw'enyanja.<ref>"[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AN/0/Andorra_la_Vella.html Maps, Weather, and Airports for Andorra la Vella, Andorra]". Fallingrain.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140220124035/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AN/0/Andorra_la_Vella.html Archived] from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2012.</ref> Orurimi orurikukoresibwa munonga n'orurimi rwa Catalan,<ref>"[https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Constitution of the Principality of Andorra]" (PDF). [[:en:General_Council_(Andorra)|General Council]]. art. 2.1. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250710191812/https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Archived] from the original on 10 July 2025. Retrieved 7 July 2026. Catalan is the official language of the State.</ref> kwonka n'orurimi rwa Spanish, Portuguese hamwe n'orurimi rwa French nirugambwa munonga.<ref>Centre de Recerca Sociològica (2022). [https://www.ari.ad/images/pdf/llengua.pdf Coneixements i usos lingüístics de la població d'Andorra: Situació actual i evolució 1995–2022] (PDF) (Report) (in Catalan). [[:en:Executive_Council_of_Andorra|Government of Andorra]]; Andorra Recerca + Innovació. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260708033154/https://www.ari.ad/images/pdf/llengua.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2026. Retrieved 7 July 2026.</ref> Eby'oburambuzi omuri Andorra, nibireeta abarambuzi miriyoni munaana buri mwaka.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20241004000000/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra Andorra]". [[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]] (2024 ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024."Andorra". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</ref> Andorra n'eihanga eritarikukwatanisa n'amahanga ga Buraaya agetereine.<ref>[https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/European+Foreign+Affairs+Review/30.4/EERR2025035 Graham Butler, The Legal Relations of the European Union with the Principality of Andorra, European Foreign Affairs Review, 2025, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 527-552] (22 November 2025)</ref> Kikaba kiri memba w'orukiiko rwa Buraaya hamwe n'ekibiina ky'amahanga agetereine kuruga omuri 1993.<ref>"[https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states United Nations Member States]". Un.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220629090000/https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states Archived] from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.</ref> == '''''Enkora y'ebigambo''''' == Oburugo bw'eiziina Andorwa tibumanyirwe, nobu haraabe hariho enteekateeka nyingi. Ekihandiiko kuruga omu mwaka gwa 903 nikikoresa eiziina ry'ekibangirizi hamwe n'omwanya mukye oguri omuri kyo.<ref>Gascón Chopo, Carles (2022). "[https://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000317/00000065.pdf Adéu als andosins? Algunes reflexions sobre els orígens del topònim Andorra]" [Goodbye to the Andosini? Some reflections on the origins of the place name Andorra] (PDF). Papers de recerca històrica (in Catalan). 10. Societat Andorrana de Ciències: 145–149. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2436/20.8060.03.109|10.2436/20.8060.03.109]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260730031931/https://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000317/00000065.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2026. Retrieved 1 August 2026.</ref> Ebyahandiikirwe omu bwire bwa Medieval birimu ebirikushushana nka Annora, Annorra, Anorra, Endore na Norra.<ref>Planas Batlle, Xavier; Gascón Chopo, Carles; Lopez-Mugartza Iriarte, Juan Karlos; Belasko Ortega, Mikel (2018). [https://www.govern.ad/documents/d/guest/2013_analisi_toponims_and?download=true Anàlisi fisiogràfica de topònims andorrans d'arrel preromana: Una visió propera i tècnica del territori a través dels noms de lloc] [Physiographic analysis of Andorran place names of pre-Roman origin: A close and technical view of the territory through place names] (in Catalan). Andorra la Vella: Govern d'Andorra, Ministeri de Cultura, Joventut i Esports. pp. 97–110. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-99920-0-862-1|978-99920-0-862-1]]. Retrieved 1 August 2026.</ref> Okushoborora okurikukwata aha iziina kuteirweho, kwonka omukugu omu by'endimi Joan Coromines akahendera ngu obuhame oburiho bukaba butarikwikiriza okushoboorora okurikwetegyerezibwa. Ekikuru munonga nikyo ekyateirweho omuhandiiki w'ebyafaayo omuri Bugriika Polybius (Histories III, 35, 1), orikushoboorora ahari Andosins, oruganda rwa Iberian Pre-Roman, nk'orwabaire ruri omu bibanda bya Andorra, kandi orwabaire niruteganisa amahe ga Cartaginian omu kuhika omuri Pyrenees omu ntaro za Punic. Ekigambo Andosini nainga Andosins (νδοσίνοι) nikibaasa kuruga omu rurimi rwa Basque, ekirikumanyisa "ekinene" nainga "ekikugu.". [21] Orurembo rwa Andorra nirworeka obuhame bw'orurimi rwa Basque omukyanga. Ekiteiso ekindi nikyoreka ngu ekigambo Andorra nikibaasa kuruga omu kigambo kya Anorra ekikuru ekirimu ekigambo kya Basque ur ("amaizi"). [22] Ekiteekateeko ekindi nikyoreka ngu Andorra neebaasa kuruga omu kiarabika ad-darra (الدَّارَة), ekirikumanyisa eitaka rihango erishangwa omu nshozi nainga omwanya ogurimu emiti mingi (nga ad- niyo kicweka ekirikwetegyerezibwa). Aba Moor ku baasingire ekizinga kya Iberian Peninsula, ebibanda by'omushozi gwa Pyrenees bikaba bijwire ebibira bingi. Ebyanga ebi bikaba bitarikwebemberwa abasiraamu, ahabw'oburemeezi bw'obutegyeki. [24] Ebiteekateeko ebindi nibyoreka ngu ekigambo eki kirikuruga omu rurimi rwa Navara-Aragonese, ekirikumanyisa "eitaka eribumbirwe ebisaka" nainga "eitaka ry'ebishaka.". [25] Enkora y'abantu neegira ngu Charlemagne akeeta ekicweka nk'ekirikukwata aha kicweka kya Endor nainga Andor eky'omu Baibuli eky'Abakanaani (aho Abamidiani basingwirwe), eiziina eryaheirwe omusika we n'omutabani Louis the Pious bwanyima y'okusingura aba Moors omu "bicweka by'omu kishaka ebya [26]. == '''''Ebyafaayo''''' == ''<small>Ekicweka ekikuru : Ebyafaayo bya Andorra</small>'' Omu bwire bwa Neolithic, guruupu y'abantu ekafuruka yaaza omu kicweka kya Madriu (omwanya oguriho hati oguri omuri Escaldes-Engordany ogurikwetwa UNESCO World Heritage Site) nk'omwanya gw'obutuuro omuri 640 BCE. Abantu b'omu kicweka ekyo bakahinga eby'okurya, bakabiika amatungo g'omuka, kandi bakakora eby'obushuubuzi n'abantu kuruga Ségre na Occitania. [28]. Ebintu ebindi ebirikujaguzibwa omuby'obuhangwa birimu ebituuro bya Segudet (Ordin) hamwe na Feixa del Moro (Sant Julià de Llazi), byombi bikakorwa omu mwaka gwa 4900-4300 BCE nk'eky'okureeberaho ky'obuhangwa bwa Urun omuri Andorra. [28][29] Enkora y'obutuuro bukye ekatandika kutunguuka kuhika aha nteekateeka y'endembo ey'omutaano omu myaka y'ekikomo. Ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu byoma, esente eza ira hamwe n'ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu kushaba, nibibaasa kushangwa omu myanya y'okushemererwamu eya ira okwetoroora eihanga. Omwanya gurikwetwa Roc de les Bruixes (eibaare ry'abaroga) nigubaasa kuba nigwo mwanya gurikukirayo omugasho omu by'obuhangwa omubiro ebi omuri Andorra, oguri omu muruka gwa Canillo, ogurikukwata aha mikoro y'okuziika, ebyahandiikirwe ebya ira hamwe n'ebishushani by'amabaare. [30] == '''''Iberian na Roman Andorra''''' == Abatuuragye b'omu bibanda bakaba nibakwatanisa n'aba Iberians kandi omu byafaayo bakaba nibashangwa omuri Andorra nk'oruganda rwa Iberian Andosins nainga Andosini (νδοσίνους) omu kyasha kya mushanju hamwe n'ekya kabiri BC. Barikwejunisibwa orurimi rwa Celtic, Aquitanian, Basque na Iberian, abantu b'omukyanga bakakora amaziina g'emyanya agariho obwahati. Ebihandiiko by'okubanza hamwe n'ebihandiiko ebirikukwata aha guruupu y'abantu egi bikaruga omu kyasha kya kabiri BC omuhandiiki Omugriika Polybius omu kitabo kye ekya Histories omu ntaro za Punic. [31 ] [32 ] [32 ] Ebimwe aha bisigarira by'omurembe ogu n'ekitebe kya Roc d'Enclare (ekicweka kya Marca Hispanica eky'okubanza), [32 ] l'Anxiu omuri Les Escaldes hamwe na Roc de L'Oral omuri Encamp. [29],[33] Okubaho kw'obutegyeki bwa Rooma kuhandiikwa kuruga omu kyasha kya kabiri BCE kuhisya omu kyasha kya kataano CE. Emyanya erimu Abaroma abaingi omuri Camp Vermel (Red Field) omuri Sant Julià de Lusiya, hamwe n'omumyanya emwe omuri Encamp hamwe na Roc d'Enclar. Abantu bakagumizamu n'obushubuzi, okukira munonga na viinyo hamwe n'ebihimba, n'endembo za Rooma eza Urgellet (eriho hati La Seu d'Urgel) hamwe n'okuraba Segre kurabira omuri roma via Strata Ceretana (ekirikumanywa nka Strata Confluerana). [29][31][34]. ==== ''Aba Visigoth hamwe n'aba Carolingians: ekitebyo kya Charlemagne'' ==== Ahanyima y'okugwa kw'obugabe bwa Rooma,Andorra ekatwarwa aba Visigoths,obugabe bwa Toledo, hamwe n'obureeberezi bwa Urgell. Aba Visigoth bakaguma omu bibanda okumara emyaka 200, obwire obu obukurisitaayo bwajanjaara. Obukama bw'abasiraamu obwa Al-Andalus ku bwasubiriire obutegyeki bwa Visigoths omu bicweka bya Iberian Peninsula, Andorra ekaba eri ahansi y'obushoborozi bwa Frank. Enkora neegira ngu Charles the Great (Charlemagne) akaheereza abantu ba Andorra endagaano y'ekibinja ky'amahe 5,000 ahansi y'obuduumizi bwa Marc Almuteur, nk'okugaruraho okurwanisa aba Moors haihi na Porté-Puymorens (Cerdanya). [37]. Andorra ekaguma eri omu kicweka kya Frankish Marca Hispanica, ekicweka kya buffer zone ahagati y'obugabe bwa Frankish hamwe n'ebyanga by'abasiraamu, kandi Andorra ekaba eri omu kicweka ky'eitaka eririkutegyekwa Count of Urgell kandi ahamuheru bishopu w'obureeberezi bwa Urgell. Eby'obuhangwa nibigira ngu kikahamibwa omutabani wa Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, okuhandiika ekiragiro kya Carta de Poblament. Magana munaana na makumi ataano. [38] Omuri 988, Count Borrell II owa Urgell, akaheereza obushozi bwa Andorra obwa Diocese ya Urgell, arikuhayo eitaka omuri Cerdanya. [39]. Okuruga obwo, omureeberezi wa Urgell, arikutuura omuri Seu d'Urgell, atwire ari omunyiginya wa Andorra. [70] Ekihandiiko ky'okubanza ekirikugamba ahari Andorra nk'eitaka n'ekya Acta de Consagración i Dolation de la Catedral de la Seu d'Urgell (Ekihandiiko ky'okutukuza n'okutongoza Cathedral ya La Seu d'Urgell). Ekihandiiko, eky'omwaka gwa 839, nikyoreka obutegyeki mukaaga obwa Andorra obwabaire nibukora ekicweka ky'obwebembezi bw'eihanga. [41] ==== ''Emyaka ya ahagati: Amaraka hamwe n'okutandikaho obutegyeki bwa Co-Principality'' ==== Omwaka gwa 1095 gutakahikire, Andorra ekaba etaine bukuumi bw'amahe, kandi omureeberezi wa Urgell, owaabaire naamanya ngu Count wa Urgell akaba nayenda kugaruraho ebibanda bya Andorra, [1] akashaba Mukama wa Caboet obuhwezi n'obukuumi. Omuri 1095, mukama wa Caboet hamwe n'omureeberezi wa Urgell bakata omukono ahansi y'ekirayiro ekirikworeka obwebembezi bwabo ahari Andorra. Arnalda de Caboet, muhara wa Arnau owa Caboet, akashwera Viscount wa Castello. Muhara waabo, Ermessenda de Castello, akataaha omu bushwere n'omugabe wa Fox, Roger-Bernard II. Roger-Bernard II na Ermessenda bakagabana obutegyeki bwa Andorra n'omureeberezi wa Urgell. Omu kyasha kya 13, hakabaho entongane z'amahe ahagati y'omureeberezi wa Urgell hamwe n'omugabe wa Fox ahanyima y'orutaro rwa Cathar Crusade. Entongane zikakorwaho omuri 1278 n'okugarukanisa kw'omugabe wa Aragon, Peter III, ahagati y'omureeberezi hamwe n'omubare, obwo barikuta omukono aha kicweka ky'okubanza, ekyabaire nikyoreka ngu obutegyeki bwa Andorra bukagabana ahagati y'omureberezi wa Fox [40] (ekyapa kye kikaba nikiija Eki kikaheereza obutegyeki obutegyeki bwabwo hamwe n'omuringo gwabwo gw'eby'obutegyeki. [41:43] Ekiteiso kya kabiri kikateebwaho omukono omuri 1288 bwanyima y'obutaikirizana obu count wa Fox yaragiira okwombeka ekigo omuri Roc d'Enclair. Ekihandiiko kikahamibwa notary Jaume Orig owa Puigcerán, kandi okwombeka ebyombeko by'amahe omu ihanga kikazibirwa. [1][2] Omuri 1364, ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki eky'eihanga kikatuura eiziina rya Syndic (obwahati omugambirizi kandi purezidenti w'eishengyero) nk'omujwekyerwa w'aba Andorrans omu bakama baabo, ekirikubaasisa okutandikaho ebitongore by'ebyaro (commons, quarts na veynats). Bwanyima y'okuhamibwa omureeberezi Francis Tovia hamwe na Count John I,eishengyero rya Council de la Terra nainga Council General de les Valls (Eishengyero ry'ebishengye) rikatandikwaho omuri 1419, eishengyero erya kabiri erikukirayo obukuru omuri Buraaya. Omuramuzi Andreu d'Alà hamwe n'akakiiko akakuru bakatebekanisa okutandikaho kooti z'oburingaaniza (La Cort de Justice) omuri 1433 n'abanyiginya hamwe n'okushorooza emishoro nka foc i lieu (ekirikumanyisa "omuriro n'omwanya", omushoro gw'eihanga kuruga obwo). [45]. N'obu haraabe hariho ebisigaire by'emirimo y'ekanisa etakahikire omu kyasha kya mwenda (Sant Vicenç d'Enclar nainga Escolas de Santa Coloma),Andorra ekatunguura eby'emikono bya Romanesque omu kyasha kya mwenda kuhisya ekya ikumi na ina, okukira munonga omu kwombeka amakanisa, entindo, ebisiika by'ediini [36]. Ebiro ebi, ebyombeko bya Romanesque ebirikukora ekicweka ky'ebyobuhangwa bwa Andorra, nibireebeka omu muringo gw'omutaano, n'obwegyendesereza ahari Espirit de Sant Esteve, Sant Joan de Caselles, Espirit de Sant Miquel d'Engolasters, Sant Martí de la Cortina hamwe n'entindo za Margineda na Escalls ez' [47]. Aba Catalan Pyrenees bakaba nibamanya orurimi Catalan aha muheru gw'ekyasha kya 11. Andorra ekatwarwa orurimi oru, orwakakoresibwa omu byaro emyaka mingi etakahikire omu mahanga ga Crown ga Aragon agandi. [ 49] Eby'entatsya y'ekyaro omu myaka yahagati bikaba nibyesigama aha matungo, eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa, ebyobugufa hamwe n'okuluka. Bwanyima, ahamuheru gw'ekyasha kya ikumi na gumwe, amakorero g'ebyoma gakatandika kureebeka omu myanya y'oburengyerwa-izooba nka Ordin, agarikusiimwa abakugu omu by'emikono abaatunguura eby'okukora ebyoma, omurimo gw'omugasho omu by'entaasya y'eihanga kuruga omu kyasha kya ikumi [36]. == '''''Eby'obutegyeki''''' == Andorra n'obugabe bw'eishengyero hamwe n'omureeberezi wa Urgell hamwe n'omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Bufaransa nk'abanyiginya. [133] Eki nikireetera omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Bufaransa, nk'omunyiginya w'eihanga rya Andorra, kuba omugabe otoorainwe, n'obu atarikutooranwa akaruuru k'abantu ba Andorra. Eby'obutegyeki omuri Andorra nibibaho omu nkora y'obutegyeki oburikujwekyerwa abajwekyerwa omu ishengyero, n'obutegyeki bw'ebibiina by'obutegyeki bingi. Enganzi y'eihanga niwe mukuru w'eihanga. Enganzi y'eihanga eriho hati ni Xavier Espot Zamora owa Democratic for Andorra (DA). Obwebembezi nibukorwa gavumenti. Obushoborozi bw'okukora ebiragiro, nibuheebwa gavumenti hamwe na ishengyero. Eishengyero rya Andorra nirimanywa nka General Council. Orukiiko orukuru rwine ba kansara abari ahagati ya 28 na 42. [132] Ba kansara nibaheereza emyaka ena, kandi akaruuru nikabaho ahagati y'ebiro 30 na 40 bwanyima y'okubingwa kw'orukiiko orwabaireho. Ekicweka nikitooranwa omubare ogurikwingana kuruga omu miruka mushanju y'obwebembezi, kandi ekicweka ekindi nikitooranwa omu kicweka kimwe ky'eihanga. Abateezi b'akaruuru nibateera akaruuru k'ebibiina by'obutegyeki, kutari abesimbireho, abateezi b'akaruuru nibateera akaruuru k'ekibiina ky'obutegyeki, kandi abasinguzi nibaruga omu rukarara rw'ebibiina by'obutegyeki. Ebiro ikumi na bitaano bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru, ba kansara nibatwara entebe yaabo. Omu rukiiko oru, mukuru w'akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarik Bwanyima y'ebiro munaana,orukiiko rukagaruka rwaterana omurundi ogundi. Omu kushutama oku, enganzi y'eihanga neetooranwa omu bakansala. Abeesimbireho, nibabaasa kuteebwaho akakiiko akarikuhika kimwe kya kataano. Orukiiko nirutoorana oyesimbireho aine oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi kuba enganzi y'eihanga. Orikukurira ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki, nahabwekyo nahabura abanyiginya be, abarikutoorana omwebembezi w'eihanga nk'enganzi y'eihanga rya Andorra. Orukiiko orukuru narwo nirujunanizibwa aha kuteesa n'okutaho ebiragiro. Eiteeka niribaasa kworekwa akakiiko nka Private Members' Bills kuruga omu kakiiko k'ebyaro kashatu hamwe nainga kimwe kya ikumi ky'abatuuragye ba Andorra. Orukiiko nirwikiriza embaririra y'obutegyeki ey'omwaka. Gavumenti eshemereire kuheereza ekiteiso ky'embaririra omu ishengyero okukirizibwa hakiri emyezi ebiri embariirira eyabaireho etakahwireho. Embaririra yaaba etarikwikirizibwa aha eizooba ry'okubanza ry'omwaka ogurikukurataho, ebajeti eyabaireho eyongyezibwayo kuhisya obu endiijo erikwikirizibwa. Eiteeka ryaheza kwikirizibwa, mukuru w'akakiiko k'eby'obutegyeki aine obujunanizibwa kuriheereza abakuru b'eihanga kugira ngu baritahe omukono kandi bariteho ebiragiro. Ssaabaminisita ku araabe atashemerereirwe akakiiko, naabaasa kushaba ngu abanyiginyabebembezi bagashatuure akakiiko reero barete akaruuru akasya. [137] Nabo ba kansara baine obushoborozi bw'okwiha engazi y'eihanga omu ofiisi. Ahanyima y'ekiteiso ky'okwetomboita kwikirizibwa kimwe kya kataano kya ba kansara, akakiiko nikaija kuteera akaruuru kandi ku karikutunga oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi, enganzi y'eihanga neyihwaho. [136] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q228}} 58sq2xty0ic3slpkaw4yrmggn6onnv2 7374318 7374310 2026-10-25T16:24:06Z Rooth N 2608660 7374318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q228}} Andorra, omu butongore ni Principality of Andorra, n'eihanga eritarikukwata itaka <ref>"[https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Constitution of the Principality of Andorra]" (PDF). [[:en:General_Council_(Andorra)|General Council]]. art. 1.1. Archived from the original on 10 July 2025. Retrieved 7 July 2026. Andorra is a Democratic and Social independent State abiding by the Rule of Law. Its official name is Principat d'Andorra (Principality of Andorra).</ref>aharurengo rwa Iberian Peninsula, omu burugwa-izooba bwa Pyrenees omu mashuuma g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Europe, eri aha nsharo na Bufaransa omumatemba hamwe na Spain omumashuuma. Nikiteekateekwaho kuba kitandikirwe Charlemagne,Andorra ekategyekwa omubare wa Urgell kuhisya omwaka 988, bwanyima y'okuhindurwa omu bureeberezi bwa Roman Catholic obwa Urgell. Obwebembezi oburiho obwahati, bukatebwaho ekiragiro omuri 1278. Obwahati nikyebemberwa abakuru babiri: omureeberezi wa Urgell omuri Catalonia, Spain, hamwe na purezidenti wa Bufaransa. Orurembo rwayo orukuru n'orurembo rwa Andorra la Vella. Andorra niryo eihanga rya kataano omu bukye omuri Buraaya, eririkwingana kiromita 468 (181 sq mi)<ref>[https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf Andorra en xifres 2024] [Andorra in Figures 2024] (PDF) (Report) (in Catalan). [[:en:Executive_Council_of_Andorra|Government of Andorra.]] 2025. p. 7. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260820062727/https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2026. Retrieved 18 July 2026. Total 468 km² [...] Aigües continentals 0,43% [Total: 468 km² [...] Inland waters: 0.43%.]</ref> hamwe n'abantu 87,486, aha okwezi kwa Mushanju omwaka 2026. <ref>Lliure, La Veu. "[https://laveulliure.ad/en/news/andorra-population-surpasses-90000-residents-2026 Andorra Population Surpasses 90,000 Residents in 2026 | La Veu Lliure]". laveulliure.ad. Retrieved 26 August 2026.</ref>Abantu ba Andorra n'oruganda rw'aba Roma orurikukwatanisa munonga n'aba Catalan.<ref>Minahan, James (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=NwvoM-ZFoAgC One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups.] [[:en:Greenwood_Publishing_Group|Greenwood Publishing Group]]. p. 47. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30984-7|978-0-313-30984-7]].</ref><ref>"[https://www.countrywatch.com/content/pdfs/reviews/B336M69Q.01c.pdf 2016 Country Review]" (PDF). 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2026.</ref> Andorra n'eihanga rya ikumi na mushanju omubukye omu nsi yoona ahai'eitaka, kandi n'eihanga rya ikumi na rimwe omubukye ahabw'omuhendo gw'abantu.<ref>Malankar, Nikhil (18 April 2017). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170607111953/http://tellmenothing.com/2017/04/18/andorra-unusual-facts-european/ Andorra: 10 Unusual Facts About The Tiny European Principality]". Tell Me Nothing. Archived from [http://tellmenothing.com/2017/04/18/andorra-unusual-facts-european/ the original] on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2017.</ref> Orurembo rwayo orukuru, Andorra la Vella, nirwo rurembo orurikukirayo oburungi omuri Buraaya, aharurengo rwa mita 1,023 (fuuti 3,356) aharurengo rw'enyanja.<ref>"[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AN/0/Andorra_la_Vella.html Maps, Weather, and Airports for Andorra la Vella, Andorra]". Fallingrain.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140220124035/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AN/0/Andorra_la_Vella.html Archived] from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2012.</ref> Orurimi orurikukoresibwa munonga n'orurimi rwa Catalan,<ref>"[https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Constitution of the Principality of Andorra]" (PDF). [[:en:General_Council_(Andorra)|General Council]]. art. 2.1. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250710191812/https://www.consellgeneral.ad/fitxers/documents/constitucio/const-en Archived] from the original on 10 July 2025. Retrieved 7 July 2026. Catalan is the official language of the State.</ref> kwonka n'orurimi rwa Spanish, Portuguese hamwe n'orurimi rwa French nirugambwa munonga.<ref>Centre de Recerca Sociològica (2022). [https://www.ari.ad/images/pdf/llengua.pdf Coneixements i usos lingüístics de la població d'Andorra: Situació actual i evolució 1995–2022] (PDF) (Report) (in Catalan). [[:en:Executive_Council_of_Andorra|Government of Andorra]]; Andorra Recerca + Innovació. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260708033154/https://www.ari.ad/images/pdf/llengua.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2026. Retrieved 7 July 2026.</ref> Eby'oburambuzi omuri Andorra, nibireeta abarambuzi miriyoni munaana buri mwaka.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20241004000000/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra Andorra]". [[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]] (2024 ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024."Andorra". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. 4 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</ref> Andorra n'eihanga eritarikukwatanisa n'amahanga ga Buraaya agetereine.<ref>[https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/European+Foreign+Affairs+Review/30.4/EERR2025035 Graham Butler, The Legal Relations of the European Union with the Principality of Andorra, European Foreign Affairs Review, 2025, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 527-552] (22 November 2025)</ref> Kikaba kiri memba w'orukiiko rwa Buraaya hamwe n'ekibiina ky'amahanga agetereine kuruga omuri 1993.<ref>"[https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states United Nations Member States]". Un.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220629090000/https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states Archived] from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.</ref> == '''''Enkora y'ebigambo''''' == Oburugo bw'eiziina Andorwa tibumanyirwe, nobu haraabe hariho enteekateeka nyingi. Ekihandiiko kuruga omu mwaka gwa 903 nikikoresa eiziina ry'ekibangirizi hamwe n'omwanya mukye oguri omuri kyo.<ref>Gascón Chopo, Carles (2022). "[https://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000317/00000065.pdf Adéu als andosins? Algunes reflexions sobre els orígens del topònim Andorra]" [Goodbye to the Andosini? Some reflections on the origins of the place name Andorra] (PDF). Papers de recerca històrica (in Catalan). 10. Societat Andorrana de Ciències: 145–149. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2436/20.8060.03.109|10.2436/20.8060.03.109]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260730031931/https://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000317/00000065.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 30 July 2026. Retrieved 1 August 2026.</ref> Ebyahandiikirwe omu bwire bwa Medieval birimu ebirikushushana nka Annora, Annorra, Anorra, Endore na Norra.<ref>Planas Batlle, Xavier; Gascón Chopo, Carles; Lopez-Mugartza Iriarte, Juan Karlos; Belasko Ortega, Mikel (2018). [https://www.govern.ad/documents/d/guest/2013_analisi_toponims_and?download=true Anàlisi fisiogràfica de topònims andorrans d'arrel preromana: Una visió propera i tècnica del territori a través dels noms de lloc] [Physiographic analysis of Andorran place names of pre-Roman origin: A close and technical view of the territory through place names] (in Catalan). Andorra la Vella: Govern d'Andorra, Ministeri de Cultura, Joventut i Esports. pp. 97–110. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-99920-0-862-1|978-99920-0-862-1]]. Retrieved 1 August 2026.</ref> Okushoborora okurikukwata aha iziina kuteirweho, kwonka omukugu omu by'endimi Joan Coromines akahendera ngu obuhame oburiho bukaba butarikwikiriza okushoboorora okurikwetegyerezibwa.<ref>[[:en:Joan_Coromines|Coromines, Joan]] (2024) [1994]. "[https://oncat.iec.cat/documents/II/189.pdf Andorra]" (PDF). Onomasticon Cataloniae: Els noms de lloc i noms de persona de totes les terres de llengua catalana [Onomasticon of Catalonia: The place names and personal names of all Catalan-speaking territories] (in Catalan). Vol. II. Institut d'Estudis Catalans. p. 189. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2436/10.2500.18.1|10.2436/10.2500.18.1]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-84-9965-738-7|978-84-9965-738-7]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20260729230948/https://oncat.iec.cat/documents/II/189.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 29 July 2026. Retrieved 1 August 2026.</ref> Ekikuru munonga nikyo ekyateirweho omuhandiiki w'ebyafaayo omuri Bugriika Polybius (Histories III, 35, 1), orikushoboorora ahari Andosins, oruganda rwa Iberian Pre-Roman, nk'orwabaire ruri omu bibanda bya Andorra, kandi orwabaire niruteganisa amahe ga Cartaginian omu kuhika omuri Pyrenees omu ntaro za Punic. Ekigambo Andosini nainga Andosins (νδοσίνοι) nikibaasa kuruga omu rurimi rwa Basque, ekirikumanyisa "ekinene" nainga "ekikugu.". [21] Orurembo rwa Andorra nirworeka obuhame bw'orurimi rwa Basque omukyanga. Ekiteiso ekindi nikyoreka ngu ekigambo Andorra nikibaasa kuruga omu kigambo kya Anorra ekikuru ekirimu ekigambo kya Basque ur ("amaizi"). [22] Ekiteekateeko ekindi nikyoreka ngu Andorra neebaasa kuruga omu kiarabika ad-darra (الدَّارَة), ekirikumanyisa eitaka rihango erishangwa omu nshozi nainga omwanya ogurimu emiti mingi (nga ad- niyo kicweka ekirikwetegyerezibwa). Aba Moor ku baasingire ekizinga kya Iberian Peninsula, ebibanda by'omushozi gwa Pyrenees bikaba bijwire ebibira bingi. Ebyanga ebi bikaba bitarikwebemberwa abasiraamu, ahabw'oburemeezi bw'obutegyeki. [24] Ebiteekateeko ebindi nibyoreka ngu ekigambo eki kirikuruga omu rurimi rwa Navara-Aragonese, ekirikumanyisa "eitaka eribumbirwe ebisaka" nainga "eitaka ry'ebishaka.". [25] Enkora y'abantu neegira ngu Charlemagne akeeta ekicweka nk'ekirikukwata aha kicweka kya Endor nainga Andor eky'omu Baibuli eky'Abakanaani (aho Abamidiani basingwirwe), eiziina eryaheirwe omusika we n'omutabani Louis the Pious bwanyima y'okusingura aba Moors omu "bicweka by'omu kishaka ebya [26]. == '''''Ebyafaayo''''' == ''<small>Ekicweka ekikuru : Ebyafaayo bya Andorra</small>'' Omu bwire bwa Neolithic, guruupu y'abantu ekafuruka yaaza omu kicweka kya Madriu (omwanya oguriho hati oguri omuri Escaldes-Engordany ogurikwetwa UNESCO World Heritage Site) nk'omwanya gw'obutuuro omuri 640 BCE. Abantu b'omu kicweka ekyo bakahinga eby'okurya, bakabiika amatungo g'omuka, kandi bakakora eby'obushuubuzi n'abantu kuruga Ségre na Occitania. [28]. Ebintu ebindi ebirikujaguzibwa omuby'obuhangwa birimu ebituuro bya Segudet (Ordin) hamwe na Feixa del Moro (Sant Julià de Llazi), byombi bikakorwa omu mwaka gwa 4900-4300 BCE nk'eky'okureeberaho ky'obuhangwa bwa Urun omuri Andorra. [28][29] Enkora y'obutuuro bukye ekatandika kutunguuka kuhika aha nteekateeka y'endembo ey'omutaano omu myaka y'ekikomo. Ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu byoma, esente eza ira hamwe n'ebintu ebirikukoresibwa omu kushaba, nibibaasa kushangwa omu myanya y'okushemererwamu eya ira okwetoroora eihanga. Omwanya gurikwetwa Roc de les Bruixes (eibaare ry'abaroga) nigubaasa kuba nigwo mwanya gurikukirayo omugasho omu by'obuhangwa omubiro ebi omuri Andorra, oguri omu muruka gwa Canillo, ogurikukwata aha mikoro y'okuziika, ebyahandiikirwe ebya ira hamwe n'ebishushani by'amabaare. [30] == '''''Iberian na Roman Andorra''''' == Abatuuragye b'omu bibanda bakaba nibakwatanisa n'aba Iberians kandi omu byafaayo bakaba nibashangwa omuri Andorra nk'oruganda rwa Iberian Andosins nainga Andosini (νδοσίνους) omu kyasha kya mushanju hamwe n'ekya kabiri BC. Barikwejunisibwa orurimi rwa Celtic, Aquitanian, Basque na Iberian, abantu b'omukyanga bakakora amaziina g'emyanya agariho obwahati. Ebihandiiko by'okubanza hamwe n'ebihandiiko ebirikukwata aha guruupu y'abantu egi bikaruga omu kyasha kya kabiri BC omuhandiiki Omugriika Polybius omu kitabo kye ekya Histories omu ntaro za Punic. [31 ] [32 ] [32 ] Ebimwe aha bisigarira by'omurembe ogu n'ekitebe kya Roc d'Enclare (ekicweka kya Marca Hispanica eky'okubanza), [32 ] l'Anxiu omuri Les Escaldes hamwe na Roc de L'Oral omuri Encamp. [29],[33] Okubaho kw'obutegyeki bwa Rooma kuhandiikwa kuruga omu kyasha kya kabiri BCE kuhisya omu kyasha kya kataano CE. Emyanya erimu Abaroma abaingi omuri Camp Vermel (Red Field) omuri Sant Julià de Lusiya, hamwe n'omumyanya emwe omuri Encamp hamwe na Roc d'Enclar. Abantu bakagumizamu n'obushubuzi, okukira munonga na viinyo hamwe n'ebihimba, n'endembo za Rooma eza Urgellet (eriho hati La Seu d'Urgel) hamwe n'okuraba Segre kurabira omuri roma via Strata Ceretana (ekirikumanywa nka Strata Confluerana). [29][31][34]. ==== ''Aba Visigoth hamwe n'aba Carolingians: ekitebyo kya Charlemagne'' ==== Ahanyima y'okugwa kw'obugabe bwa Rooma,Andorra ekatwarwa aba Visigoths,obugabe bwa Toledo, hamwe n'obureeberezi bwa Urgell. Aba Visigoth bakaguma omu bibanda okumara emyaka 200, obwire obu obukurisitaayo bwajanjaara. Obukama bw'abasiraamu obwa Al-Andalus ku bwasubiriire obutegyeki bwa Visigoths omu bicweka bya Iberian Peninsula, Andorra ekaba eri ahansi y'obushoborozi bwa Frank. Enkora neegira ngu Charles the Great (Charlemagne) akaheereza abantu ba Andorra endagaano y'ekibinja ky'amahe 5,000 ahansi y'obuduumizi bwa Marc Almuteur, nk'okugaruraho okurwanisa aba Moors haihi na Porté-Puymorens (Cerdanya). [37]. Andorra ekaguma eri omu kicweka kya Frankish Marca Hispanica, ekicweka kya buffer zone ahagati y'obugabe bwa Frankish hamwe n'ebyanga by'abasiraamu, kandi Andorra ekaba eri omu kicweka ky'eitaka eririkutegyekwa Count of Urgell kandi ahamuheru bishopu w'obureeberezi bwa Urgell. Eby'obuhangwa nibigira ngu kikahamibwa omutabani wa Charlemagne, Louis the Pious, okuhandiika ekiragiro kya Carta de Poblament. Magana munaana na makumi ataano. [38] Omuri 988, Count Borrell II owa Urgell, akaheereza obushozi bwa Andorra obwa Diocese ya Urgell, arikuhayo eitaka omuri Cerdanya. [39]. Okuruga obwo, omureeberezi wa Urgell, arikutuura omuri Seu d'Urgell, atwire ari omunyiginya wa Andorra. [70] Ekihandiiko ky'okubanza ekirikugamba ahari Andorra nk'eitaka n'ekya Acta de Consagración i Dolation de la Catedral de la Seu d'Urgell (Ekihandiiko ky'okutukuza n'okutongoza Cathedral ya La Seu d'Urgell). Ekihandiiko, eky'omwaka gwa 839, nikyoreka obutegyeki mukaaga obwa Andorra obwabaire nibukora ekicweka ky'obwebembezi bw'eihanga. [41] ==== ''Emyaka ya ahagati: Amaraka hamwe n'okutandikaho obutegyeki bwa Co-Principality'' ==== Omwaka gwa 1095 gutakahikire, Andorra ekaba etaine bukuumi bw'amahe, kandi omureeberezi wa Urgell, owaabaire naamanya ngu Count wa Urgell akaba nayenda kugaruraho ebibanda bya Andorra, [1] akashaba Mukama wa Caboet obuhwezi n'obukuumi. Omuri 1095, mukama wa Caboet hamwe n'omureeberezi wa Urgell bakata omukono ahansi y'ekirayiro ekirikworeka obwebembezi bwabo ahari Andorra. Arnalda de Caboet, muhara wa Arnau owa Caboet, akashwera Viscount wa Castello. Muhara waabo, Ermessenda de Castello, akataaha omu bushwere n'omugabe wa Fox, Roger-Bernard II. Roger-Bernard II na Ermessenda bakagabana obutegyeki bwa Andorra n'omureeberezi wa Urgell. Omu kyasha kya 13, hakabaho entongane z'amahe ahagati y'omureeberezi wa Urgell hamwe n'omugabe wa Fox ahanyima y'orutaro rwa Cathar Crusade. Entongane zikakorwaho omuri 1278 n'okugarukanisa kw'omugabe wa Aragon, Peter III, ahagati y'omureeberezi hamwe n'omubare, obwo barikuta omukono aha kicweka ky'okubanza, ekyabaire nikyoreka ngu obutegyeki bwa Andorra bukagabana ahagati y'omureberezi wa Fox [40] (ekyapa kye kikaba nikiija Eki kikaheereza obutegyeki obutegyeki bwabwo hamwe n'omuringo gwabwo gw'eby'obutegyeki. [41:43] Ekiteiso kya kabiri kikateebwaho omukono omuri 1288 bwanyima y'obutaikirizana obu count wa Fox yaragiira okwombeka ekigo omuri Roc d'Enclair. Ekihandiiko kikahamibwa notary Jaume Orig owa Puigcerán, kandi okwombeka ebyombeko by'amahe omu ihanga kikazibirwa. [1][2] Omuri 1364, ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki eky'eihanga kikatuura eiziina rya Syndic (obwahati omugambirizi kandi purezidenti w'eishengyero) nk'omujwekyerwa w'aba Andorrans omu bakama baabo, ekirikubaasisa okutandikaho ebitongore by'ebyaro (commons, quarts na veynats). Bwanyima y'okuhamibwa omureeberezi Francis Tovia hamwe na Count John I,eishengyero rya Council de la Terra nainga Council General de les Valls (Eishengyero ry'ebishengye) rikatandikwaho omuri 1419, eishengyero erya kabiri erikukirayo obukuru omuri Buraaya. Omuramuzi Andreu d'Alà hamwe n'akakiiko akakuru bakatebekanisa okutandikaho kooti z'oburingaaniza (La Cort de Justice) omuri 1433 n'abanyiginya hamwe n'okushorooza emishoro nka foc i lieu (ekirikumanyisa "omuriro n'omwanya", omushoro gw'eihanga kuruga obwo). [45]. N'obu haraabe hariho ebisigaire by'emirimo y'ekanisa etakahikire omu kyasha kya mwenda (Sant Vicenç d'Enclar nainga Escolas de Santa Coloma),Andorra ekatunguura eby'emikono bya Romanesque omu kyasha kya mwenda kuhisya ekya ikumi na ina, okukira munonga omu kwombeka amakanisa, entindo, ebisiika by'ediini [36]. Ebiro ebi, ebyombeko bya Romanesque ebirikukora ekicweka ky'ebyobuhangwa bwa Andorra, nibireebeka omu muringo gw'omutaano, n'obwegyendesereza ahari Espirit de Sant Esteve, Sant Joan de Caselles, Espirit de Sant Miquel d'Engolasters, Sant Martí de la Cortina hamwe n'entindo za Margineda na Escalls ez' [47]. Aba Catalan Pyrenees bakaba nibamanya orurimi Catalan aha muheru gw'ekyasha kya 11. Andorra ekatwarwa orurimi oru, orwakakoresibwa omu byaro emyaka mingi etakahikire omu mahanga ga Crown ga Aragon agandi. [ 49] Eby'entatsya y'ekyaro omu myaka yahagati bikaba nibyesigama aha matungo, eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa, ebyobugufa hamwe n'okuluka. Bwanyima, ahamuheru gw'ekyasha kya ikumi na gumwe, amakorero g'ebyoma gakatandika kureebeka omu myanya y'oburengyerwa-izooba nka Ordin, agarikusiimwa abakugu omu by'emikono abaatunguura eby'okukora ebyoma, omurimo gw'omugasho omu by'entaasya y'eihanga kuruga omu kyasha kya ikumi [36]. == '''''Eby'obutegyeki''''' == Andorra n'obugabe bw'eishengyero hamwe n'omureeberezi wa Urgell hamwe n'omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Bufaransa nk'abanyiginya. [133] Eki nikireetera omwebembezi w'eihanga rya Bufaransa, nk'omunyiginya w'eihanga rya Andorra, kuba omugabe otoorainwe, n'obu atarikutooranwa akaruuru k'abantu ba Andorra. Eby'obutegyeki omuri Andorra nibibaho omu nkora y'obutegyeki oburikujwekyerwa abajwekyerwa omu ishengyero, n'obutegyeki bw'ebibiina by'obutegyeki bingi. Enganzi y'eihanga niwe mukuru w'eihanga. Enganzi y'eihanga eriho hati ni Xavier Espot Zamora owa Democratic for Andorra (DA). Obwebembezi nibukorwa gavumenti. Obushoborozi bw'okukora ebiragiro, nibuheebwa gavumenti hamwe na ishengyero. Eishengyero rya Andorra nirimanywa nka General Council. Orukiiko orukuru rwine ba kansara abari ahagati ya 28 na 42. [132] Ba kansara nibaheereza emyaka ena, kandi akaruuru nikabaho ahagati y'ebiro 30 na 40 bwanyima y'okubingwa kw'orukiiko orwabaireho. Ekicweka nikitooranwa omubare ogurikwingana kuruga omu miruka mushanju y'obwebembezi, kandi ekicweka ekindi nikitooranwa omu kicweka kimwe ky'eihanga. Abateezi b'akaruuru nibateera akaruuru k'ebibiina by'obutegyeki, kutari abesimbireho, abateezi b'akaruuru nibateera akaruuru k'ekibiina ky'obutegyeki, kandi abasinguzi nibaruga omu rukarara rw'ebibiina by'obutegyeki. Ebiro ikumi na bitaano bwanyima y'okuteera akaruuru, ba kansara nibatwara entebe yaabo. Omu rukiiko oru, mukuru w'akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarikukurira akakiiko akarik Bwanyima y'ebiro munaana,orukiiko rukagaruka rwaterana omurundi ogundi. Omu kushutama oku, enganzi y'eihanga neetooranwa omu bakansala. Abeesimbireho, nibabaasa kuteebwaho akakiiko akarikuhika kimwe kya kataano. Orukiiko nirutoorana oyesimbireho aine oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi kuba enganzi y'eihanga. Orikukurira ekitongore ky'eby'obutegyeki, nahabwekyo nahabura abanyiginya be, abarikutoorana omwebembezi w'eihanga nk'enganzi y'eihanga rya Andorra. Orukiiko orukuru narwo nirujunanizibwa aha kuteesa n'okutaho ebiragiro. Eiteeka niribaasa kworekwa akakiiko nka Private Members' Bills kuruga omu kakiiko k'ebyaro kashatu hamwe nainga kimwe kya ikumi ky'abatuuragye ba Andorra. Orukiiko nirwikiriza embaririra y'obutegyeki ey'omwaka. Gavumenti eshemereire kuheereza ekiteiso ky'embaririra omu ishengyero okukirizibwa hakiri emyezi ebiri embariirira eyabaireho etakahwireho. Embaririra yaaba etarikwikirizibwa aha eizooba ry'okubanza ry'omwaka ogurikukurataho, ebajeti eyabaireho eyongyezibwayo kuhisya obu endiijo erikwikirizibwa. Eiteeka ryaheza kwikirizibwa, mukuru w'akakiiko k'eby'obutegyeki aine obujunanizibwa kuriheereza abakuru b'eihanga kugira ngu baritahe omukono kandi bariteho ebiragiro. Ssaabaminisita ku araabe atashemerereirwe akakiiko, naabaasa kushaba ngu abanyiginyabebembezi bagashatuure akakiiko reero barete akaruuru akasya. [137] Nabo ba kansara baine obushoborozi bw'okwiha engazi y'eihanga omu ofiisi. Ahanyima y'ekiteiso ky'okwetomboita kwikirizibwa kimwe kya kataano kya ba kansara, akakiiko nikaija kuteera akaruuru kandi ku karikutunga oburuuru oburikukirayo obwingi, enganzi y'eihanga neyihwaho. [136] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q228}} 2cyhkaroj304artfbhwaay97qh232c4 3 3627657 7374616 6767510 2026-10-26T04:46:48Z Syunsyunminmin 2576388 Syunsyunminmin moved page [[User talk:6149420a]] to [[User talk:バズーカルパン]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/6149420a|6149420a]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/バズーカルパン|バズーカルパン]]" 6767510 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 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If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 06:42, 12 September 2025 (UTC) 871xzh045xihzywi6kji6fvagxlbr7h 3 3634574 7374236 6795212 2026-10-25T13:29:39Z Cabayi 533060 Cabayi moved page [[User talk:B.rosenbergerrosenberg]] to [[User talk:AI Green]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/B.rosenbergerrosenberg|B.rosenbergerrosenberg]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/AI Green|AI Green]]" 6795212 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 23:21, 2 October 2025 (UTC) iy8uzbjncl9xa6x2kwey43o4wrotkdj 0 3711541 7374390 7047962 2026-10-25T19:28:05Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374390 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrick Walton''' udi muena Irlande wa lumu, kunyima kua dibutuka dia mazuwa mu 1235 pabuipi ne Esnandes, badi bamba ne uvua mupatule mushindu wa kudima mishipa ya mussels pa bouchots. [[Category:Wp/lua]] nopyxnd7qb2qmju7ak2ndm9gqhmoioj 0 3713717 7374441 7044797 2026-10-25T20:05:45Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374441 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Félix Wazekwa''' mu Dina dienda dilela, Nlandu wazekwa felix mulela mu Dia matuku 14 a ngondu wa tshitemba Mu tshidimu tshia 1962 mu tshisansa udi muimbi wa misambu wa mu ditunga dia kongu wa mu ngalata. [[Category:Wp/lua]] a3rxecntno7bisjylxrcz7ir1zbz6pq 7374442 7374441 2026-10-25T20:06:56Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374442 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Félix Wazekwa''' mu Dina dienda dilela, Nlandu wazekwa felix mulela mu Dia matuku 14 a ngondu wa tshitemba Mu tshidimu tshia 1962 mu tshisansa udi muimbi wa misambu wa mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia kongu wa mu ngalata]]. [[Category:Wp/lua]] ge9dk4yosjtq6makmsc4urdrtlwxo61 0 3733790 7374417 7077792 2026-10-25T19:38:51Z Emmanuellekazadi 2647119 7374417 wikitext text/x-wiki Boavista Futebol Clube udi tshisumbu tshia manaya aa ndundu tshia mu Portugal tshidi mu Porto, tshituadija mu 1903 [[Category:Wp/lua]] m85ndy40bvk0pg4ofesfqcohsu42hh2 7374424 7374417 2026-10-25T19:43:41Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374424 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boavista Futebol Clube''' udi tshisumbu tshia manaya aa ndundu tshia mu Portugal tshidi mu Porto, tshituadija mu 1903 [[Category:Wp/lua]] j7ylw0y6dpurdyrlgyx9rj6tahz192e 0 3734102 7374443 7363757 2026-10-25T20:08:11Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374443 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mamadou Sakho''' Muena ku tshibambalu tshia pankatshi uvua ne [[Wp/lua/Dimanya|dimanya]] dia bungi. Wakaya mu tshisumbu tshia [[Wp/lua/Paris Saint-Germain|Paris Saint-Germain FC]] ne tshia [[Wp/lua/Liverpool FC|Liverpool FC]]. Wakadileja kabidi ditunga dia Sénégal ku ndekelu kua mudimu wende wa pa buloba bujima. [[File:Mamadou Sakho 2014.jpg|160px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] {{INTERWIKI|Q312183}} [[Category:Wp/lua/Mìanda ya moyì wa muntu]] 8552mu7ruqi2ekqqzdditw2t422ivd7 0 3737116 7374511 7090861 2026-10-26T01:47:09Z Chersie06 2594754 7374511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Dwa Otorite, libète yon moun pran, li resevwa nan men yon lòt moun ou byen lwa sosyete kote li ap viv la bay. Oswa Dwa : Sa lalwa oswa prensip jistis rekonèt yon moun gen dwa fè oswa resevwa.}} gy9webd69cqeoc4r7lhg6wt1leep4ut 7374512 7374511 2026-10-26T01:47:55Z Chersie06 2594754 7374512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Dwa Otorite, libète yon moun pran, li resevwa nan men yon lòt moun ou byen lwa sosyete kote li ap viv la bay. Oswa Dwa : Sa lalwa oswa prensip jistis rekonèt yon moun gen dwa fè oswa resevwa.|egzanp=Mwen gen dwa pou m manje sa m vle.}} k9u6gntemk8tz9ldp3yzgiyfw5tfu1w 0 3739516 7374498 7099876 2026-10-26T01:33:16Z Chersie06 2594754 7374498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Benediksyon Rele Bondye pou voye lespri-sen an vini sou yonn, plizyè moun.|egzanp=Bondye beni m ak yon bèl pitit gason.}} sjnspobcj4f57t4kdbpqh02dscbntj7 7374499 7374498 2026-10-26T01:34:05Z Chersie06 2594754 7374499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Benediksyon : Yon favè oswa yon byen moun swete resevwa nan men Bondye.|egzanp=Bondye beni m ak yon bèl pitit gason.}} 7c6jfu446cakx7zx53w4pcgpd5cszsq 10 3740518 7374650 7102715 2026-10-26T06:23:57Z Almajidy 2647497 7374650 sanitized-css text/css /* ======================================================== STANDALONE / FALLBACK STYLES (TemplateStyles) ======================================================== */ .wv-js-carousel-wrapper { position: relative; max-width: 100%; margin: 0; background: transparent; overflow: visible; border-radius: 0; touch-action: pan-y; } /* CSS SCROLL-SNAP FALLBACK (Safe Mode & No-JS) */ .wv-js-carousel-viewport { position: relative; width: 100%; height: 380px; display: flex; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: hidden; scroll-snap-type: x mandatory; } .wv-js-carousel-slide { position: relative; flex: 0 0 100%; width: 100%; height: 380px; scroll-snap-align: start; margin-bottom: 0; overflow: hidden; background: #333; } .wv-js-carousel-wrapper.is-carousel .wv-js-carousel-viewport { display: block; overflow: hidden; scroll-snap-type: none; } /* END */ .wv-js-carousel-bg, .wv-js-carousel-bg a, .wv-js-carousel-bg span, .wv-js-carousel-bg figure { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; } .wv-js-carousel-bg img { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100% !important; object-fit: cover; } /* ======================================================== SHADOWBOX CONTAINER ======================================================== */ .wv-js-carousel-shadowbox { position: absolute; top: 25px; width: 45%; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35); color: #fff; padding: 10px 14px; /* Reduced internal padding to push text closer to edges */ border-radius: 4px; z-index: 15; box-sizing: border-box; } /* Link styles inside shadowbox */ .wv-js-carousel-shadowbox a, .wv-js-carousel-shadowbox a.new, .wv-js-carousel-shadowbox a:visited { color: #fff !important; text-decoration: none; } .wv-js-carousel-shadowbox a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } /* Circular icon container */ .wv-js-carousel-icon { line-height: 1; } .wv-js-carousel-icon img { display: block; width: 44px; height: 44px; } /* Left-aligned box */ .wv-js-carousel-box-left { left: 40px; text-align: left; } .wv-js-carousel-box-left .wv-js-carousel-icon { float: right; margin: 0 0 8px 14px; } /* Right-aligned box */ .wv-js-carousel-box-right { right: 40px; text-align: right; } .wv-js-carousel-box-right .wv-js-carousel-icon { float: left; margin: 0 14px 6px 0; } /* 1. Category / Type line */ .wv-js-carousel-type { font-size: 1.45em; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2; color: #fff; margin: 0; padding: 0; letter-spacing: -0.3px; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; } /* 2. Main Title */ .wv-js-carousel-title { display: block; font-size: 2.4em; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.15; color: #fff; padding: 0; border: none !important; letter-spacing: -0.5px; font-family: sans-serif; overflow-wrap: break-word; } .wv-js-carousel-box-right .wv-js-carousel-title { margin-top: 0 !important; } /* 3. Description Quote */ .wv-js-carousel-quote { font-size: 0.95em; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.25; color: #fff; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both; overflow-wrap: break-word; } /* ======================================================== BREAKPOINT 1: TABLET LANDSCAPE & SMALL LAPTOPS (769px - 1080px) ======================================================== */ @media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1080px) { /* Expand shadowbox slightly to grant extra horizontal room */ .wv-js-carousel-shadowbox { width: 58%; padding: 8px 12px; /* Proportional reduced padding */ } .wv-js-carousel-icon img { width: 38px; height: 38px; } .wv-js-carousel-box-left { left: 28px; } .wv-js-carousel-box-right { right: 28px; } .wv-js-carousel-box-right .wv-js-carousel-icon { margin: 0 10px 4px 0; } .wv-js-carousel-box-left .wv-js-carousel-icon { margin: 0 0 4px 10px; } .wv-js-carousel-type { font-size: 0.95em; letter-spacing: -0.4px; white-space: nowrap; } .wv-js-carousel-title { font-size: 1.65em; line-height: 1.15; } } @media screen and (min-width: 1081px) and (max-width: 1280px) { .wv-js-carousel-shadowbox { width: 55%; padding: 9px 13px; } } /* ======================================================== BREAKPOINT: MOBILE & TABLET PORTRAIT (<= 768px) ======================================================== */ @media screen and (max-width: 768px) { .wv-js-carousel-wrapper { overflow: hidden; } .wv-js-carousel-wrapper.is-carousel .wv-js-carousel-viewport { height: 350px; margin-bottom: 0; } .wv-js-carousel-slide { height: 350px; margin-bottom: 12px; } .wv-js-carousel-bg a { position: relative; display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; } /* Gradient Scrim */ .wv-js-carousel-bg a::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35) 45%, transparent 65%), linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7) 0%, transparent 35%); z-index: 2; } .wv-js-carousel-bg img { position: relative; z-index: 1; } .wv-js-carousel-shadowbox { top: 16px; left: 16px; right: 16px; bottom: auto; width: auto !important; background: transparent; padding: 0; text-align: left; z-index: 15; } .wv-js-carousel-type, .wv-js-carousel-title, .wv-js-carousel-quote { margin-right: 56px; } .wv-js-carousel-type { font-size: 0.95em; line-height: 1.2; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: -0.2px; } .wv-js-carousel-title { font-size: 1.7em; line-height: 1.15; } .wv-js-carousel-quote { font-size: 0.9em; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: 600; } .wv-js-carousel-shadowbox .wv-js-carousel-icon { position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; float: none; margin: 0; } .wv-js-carousel-icon img { width: 40px; height: 40px; } } /* Hide slides when JS is going to be loaded to avoid a cumulative layout shift. html.client-js .wv-js-carousel-slide ~ .wv-js-carousel-slide:not(.active) { display: none; } */ mhnbllbz73mx6qscauk3mlpgesclv46 7374651 7374650 2026-10-26T06:24:18Z Almajidy 2647497 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/7374650|7374650]] by [[Special:Contributions/Almajidy|Almajidy]] ([[User talk:Almajidy|talk]]) 7374651 sanitized-css text/css .mainpage-shadowbox { color: white; background: rgb(16,16,16); background: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); border-radius: 4px; } .mainpage-shadowbox h2, .mainpage-shadowbox h3 { color: white; border:none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.2em; margin:0; padding: 0; /* was previously set only for h3, and skin styles would do the same for h2. however, cannot rely on skin to do this on mobile */ } .mainpage-shadowbox a { color: white; font-weight: bold; } .banner-image { position: relative; max-width: 1125px; height: auto; margin-bottom: .6em; } .banner-image img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; /* width: auto\9; */ /* ie8 */ } .banner-box-wide { width: 80% } .banner-box-left, .banner-box-right { padding: 8px 7px; background: rgb(16,16,16); background: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); border-radius: 4px; width: 40%; } .banner-box-left { text-align: left; } .banner-box-right { text-align: right; } .banner-box-2 { position: absolute; z-index: 2; min-width: 20em; } @media screen and ( min-width: 720px ) { /* greater than or equal to */ .banner-image img.nolink { display: none; } /* can be removed when backward compat is no longer needed */ .banner-image span[typeof~='mw:File/Frameless'].nolink { display: none; } .mainpage-shadowbox h2 { font-size: 190%; } .mainpage-shadowbox h3 { font-size: 150%; } .banner-image { overflow: hidden; } .banner-box-left { left: 3%; } .banner-box-right { right: 3%; } .banner-box-2 { margin-top: 2em; } .banner-box-2 .quote { font-size: 80%; line-height: 1.2em; } } @media screen and ( max-width: 720px ) { .banner-image img:not(.nolink) { display: none; } /* can be removed when backward compat is no longer needed */ .banner-image span[typeof~='mw:File/Frameless'] img { display: inline-block; } /* can be removed when b/c is no longer needed */ .banner-image span[typeof~='mw:File/Frameless']:not(.nolink) { display: none; } .banner-image > .mainpage-shadowbox { width: inherit !important; min-height: 100%; margin-left: -150%; margin-right: 150%; opacity: 0; background: black; } .mainpage-shadowbox .quote > a:after { content: '\ATap to learn more.'; white-space: pre; /* needed to make content work. if content is disabled, this can be, too */ } .jcarousel-item:hover .mainpage-shadowbox { margin: unset; opacity: 1; transition: margin 0.5s; /* without this, problem with tap on image still activating links - speed may matter here */ bottom: 50%; /* relative vertical position; change to top to lower, negative percentages do not work as naively expected */ } .jcarousel-control-prev, .jcarousel-control-next { display: none; /* hide the carousel arrows */ /* a kludge resulting from gadgets not working on mobile */ /* unforunately also targets very narrow desktops, but there can't be too many of those */ /* and besides, the number buttons still work */ } img.interactiveIcon, /* can be removed when backward compat is no longer needed */ .interactiveIcon img { position: absolute; opacity: 0.4; height: 75% !important; width: auto; bottom: 0; right: 0; } } amnpnu6yjnvwakhvljskwbl2wutwku1 0 3744570 7374683 7182549 2026-10-26T07:08:32Z Almajidy 2647497 /* المناطق */ 7374683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|New space banner.jpg|الفضاء}} [[File:AS08-14-2383.jpg|thumb|300px|''شروق الأرض''، التُقطت في 24 ديسمبر 1968 بواسطة رائد فضاء أبولو 8 ويليام أندرز|alt=شروق الأرض فوق سطح القمر]] '''السياحة الفضائية''' كانت حلمًا للبشرية منذ آلاف السنين. أثناء وجودك في المدار أو في حالة سقوط حر قرب [[Wy/ar/Earth|الأرض]]، يمكنك الطفو داخل مركبة فضائية ومشاهدة الكوكب من منظور فريد. ورغم أن السياحة الفضائية التجارية قد وصلت بالفعل، فإنها لا تزال مقتصرة على قلّة مميزة. ومع ذلك، قد تصبح في متناول الكثيرين قريبًا بفضل الابتكارات الحديثة. وبينما لا يستطيع سوى عدد قليل جدًا ''الذهاب'' إلى الفضاء، فإن أي شخص يملك عينين سليمتين يمكنه ''رؤيته'' مجانًا. ويمكنهم أيضًا ممارسة [[Wy/ar/Astronomy|علم الفلك]] كهواة، أو زيارة [[Wy/ar/Space flight sites|مواقع رحلات الفضاء]]، أو التعرّف عليه. == المناطق == '''الفضاء الخارجي''' أو ببساطة '''الفضاء''' هو ذلك الفراغ الهائل فوقنا. وأكثر تعريفاته شيوعًا أن الفضاء يبدأ على ارتفاع {{Wy/ar/Km|100}} فوق مستوى سطح البحر على الأرض، وهو الحد المعروف باسم خط كارمان. وفوق هذا الارتفاع، يحتاج السائحون إلى تقنيات فضائية للوصول إليه والبقاء فيه، إذ إن تقنيات الطيران على الارتفاعات العالية لا تكفي. والخدعة في الرحلات الفضائية أنها لا تتعلق بالذهاب ''عاليًا''... بل بالذهاب ''سريعًا''. ففي المدار الأرضي المنخفض، يعني ذلك سرعات تقارب 7.8 كم/ث (28,000 كم/س أو 17,000 ميل/س)، وهي كافية للدوران حول الكرة الأرضية كلها في نحو 90 دقيقة. ويتميّز الفضاء بـ'''شبه فراغ'''، إذ يتناقص الغلاف الجوي حتى يصل إلى بضع ذرات لكل متر مكعب في الفضاء بين الكواكب. ومع تحرّك المركبة الفضائية مع الجاذبية في حالة '''سقوط حر'''، يمكن لرواد الفضاء أن يشعروا بإحساس '''انعدام الوزن''' أو '''الجاذبية الصغرى'''. ومن مفارقات الفضاء أيضًا أنه مُرسوم الخرائط وتتم إدارته بدقة كبيرة، أكثر من كثير من الأماكن على الأرض. فالمستكشفون القدامى الذين انطلقوا إلى قارات أو بحار جديدة لم تكن لديهم إلا فكرة ضئيلة عما ينتظرهم أو إلى أين ستقودهم رحلتهم، وربما ظلوا بعيدين عن التواصل مع أوطانهم لسنوات. أما الذين يتجهون إلى الفضاء، فلديهم مسارات دقيقة مخططة ومحسوبة حتى أجزاء الثانية. وعلى مدار اليوم، ينسقون مع مركز التحكم بالمهمة، وفي أوقات فراغهم يمكنهم إجراء مكالمات صوتية ومرئية مع عائلاتهم بسرعة الضوء. هذه هي الوجهات التي قد يجرؤ معظمنا فقط على الحلم بتجربتها. قد ينطلق السياح بسرعات تبلغ آلاف الأمتار ''في الثانية''. ويمكن لتعديل سرعة المركبة الفضائية باستخدام الوقود الدافع أن يغيّر مدارها، صعودًا أو هبوطًا. وتُعد منطقة المدار الأرضي المنخفض مكانًا شائعًا لمحطات الفضاء لأن الوصول إليها يتطلب كمية صغيرة نسبيًا من الوقود. ومع ذلك، فإن '''كل إنسان واحد''' كان داخل تأثير جاذبية الأرض، إذ إن أبعد مسافة وصل إليها أي شخص كانت إلى الجانب المظلم من القمر. من الناحية التقنية، فإن التمييز بين الفضاء والغلاف الجوي العلوي اعتباطي. وبما أن الغلاف الجوي يصبح أقل كثافة كلما ارتفعت المركبة، فإن مقاومة الهواء في "الفضاء" تظل مشكلة حقيقية. بل إن محطة الفضاء الدولية تحتاج إلى دفعات تعزيز من حين لآخر لمنعها من السقوط مجددًا إلى الغلاف الجوي. وقد اختير ارتفاع 100 كم لأنه الحد الصلب لأي نوع من السفر الجوي، ولأنه أيضًا رقم دائري جميل. لذلك لا تقلق إذا حملتك شركة سياحة فضائية إلى مسافة تقل قليلًا عن ذلك — فهي لا تزال تجربة العمر! {{Wy/ar/قائمة المناطق |خريطة المنطقة=Space Wikivoyage schematic.svg |عنوان الخريطة=خريطة تخطيطية للمدارات الأرضية والفضاء |حجم الخريطة=400px |المنطقة1اسم=المدار الأرضي المنخفض |المنطقة1لون=#62cb77 |المنطقة1نوع= |المنطقة1وصف=بين {{Wy/ar/Convert|abbr=on|100|km|mi}} (خط كارمان) و{{Wy/ar/Convert|abbr=on|2000|km|mi}}، وهذه هي الوجهة الأكثر شعبية بين جميع رحلات الفضاء، سواء كانت شبه مدارية أو إلى محطة الفضاء الدولية. وتُعد هذه المنطقة الأقل خطرًا والأسهل وصولًا. |المنطقة2اسم=المدار الأرضي المتوسط |المنطقة2لون=#ce0d1e |المنطقة2نوع= |المنطقة2وصف=بين {{Wy/ar/Convert|abbr=on|2000|km|mi}} و{{Wy/ar/Convert|abbr=on|35786|km|mi}}، يوجد مستوى شديد من الإشعاع من أحزمة فان آلن. ومع ضعف البنية التحتية الفضائية، لا تُعد هذه المنطقة وجهة شائعة. |المنطقة3اسم=المدار المتزامن مع الأرض |المنطقة3لون=#f7d945 |المنطقة3نوع= |المنطقة3وصف=على ارتفاع يقارب {{Wy/ar/Convert|abbr=on|35786|km|mi}}، وهو المكان الذي تدور فيه كثير من الأقمار الصناعية. وذلك لأنها تبقى في موضع ثابت في السماء بالنسبة إلى الأرض. وهناك سيرى المسافرون جانبًا واحدًا من الأرض باستمرار. |المنطقة4اسم=المدار الأرضي العالي |المنطقة4لون=#81bfcc |المنطقة4نوع= |المنطقة4وصف=فوق {{Wy/ar/Convert|abbr=on|35786|km|mi}}، أي بعد أحزمة فان آلن، وبالتالي يمكن لمحطة فضائية أن تبقى هنا لفترات ممتدة. ومع ذلك، فهذا ليس مكانًا عمليًا للسياحة، لأن التجربة فيه مماثلة لتجربة المدارات الأدنى ولكن بتكاليف أعلى. |المنطقة5اسم=مدار شديد الاستطالة |المنطقة5لون=#c362b3 |المنطقة5نوع= |المنطقة5وصف=نوع خاص من المدارات يختلف فيه أدنى نقطة (الحضيض) وأعلى نقطة (الأوج) بشكل كبير. ويمكن أن يستفيد من مزايا الرؤية في المدارات المنخفضة والعالية مع تجنب أحزمة الإشعاع القاتلة. |المنطقة6اسم=[[Wy/ar/القمر|القمر]] |المنطقة6لون=#c9c9c9 |المنطقة6نوع= |المنطقة6وصف=القمر هو التابع الطبيعي الوحيد للأرض، وقد ألهم البشر للاستكشاف منذ عصور ما قبل التاريخ. تهيمن عليه الفوهات و«البحار»، وهي وجهات مخطط لها لدى كثير من السياح. وحتى عام 2026، دار 31 شخصًا حول القمر ومشى 12 شخصًا على سطحه. |المنطقة7اسم=نقاط لاغرانج |المنطقة7لون=#ee8706 |المنطقة7نوع= |المنطقة7وصف=هذه هي النقاط التي تتعادل فيها قوى الجاذبية بين الأرض والشمس، وتُسمى من L1 إلى L5. كما تستضيف مسارات لا تدور بالضرورة حول الكوكب، وتُعرف باسم المدارات الهالية. }} </div></div> == وجهات أخرى == [[File:The station pictured from the SpaceX Crew Dragon 2.jpg|thumb|محطة الفضاء الدولية في طورها المكتمل|alt=محطة فضائية بألواح شمسية مكتملة]] إلى جانب هذه الوجهات الطبيعية المذكورة أعلاه والبقاء داخل مركبة فضائية، توجد '''محطتان فضائيتان''' تعملان اعتبارًا من مايو 2023. وهما: {{Wy/ar/Listing | name = محطة الفضاء الدولية | alt = | url = | email = | address = الأرض، الحضيض: 413 كم، الأوج: 420 كم، الميل: 51.63° | lat = NA | long = NA | directions = راجع "[https://spotthestation.nasa.gov/tracking_map.cfm '''تتبّع المحطة''']" لمعرفة الاتجاهات | phone = | tollfree = | hours = 6 صباحًا إلى 9:30 مساءً بالتوقيت العالمي UTC | price = 35000 دولار أمريكي يوميًا لكل رائد فضاء | wikidata = Q25271 | lastedit = 2022-02-25 | content = أشهر محطة فضائية على الإطلاق، وهي أيضًا الأكبر والأطول عمرًا، وتُدار بشكل مشترك من قبل [[Wy/ar/United States of America|الولايات المتحدة]] و[[Wy/ar/Russia|روسيا]] و[[Wy/ar/European Union|الاتحاد الأوروبي]] و[[Wy/ar/Canada|كندا]] و[[Wy/ar/India|الهند]] و[[Wy/ar/Japan|اليابان]]. وهي وجهة شائعة لسياح الفضاء، ويرجع ذلك أساسًا إلى موافقة روسكوسموس على إطلاقهم إلى المحطة. تحتوي على العديد من الوحدات والمرافق، وهي مركز للتقدم العلمي والهندسي. أُطلقت أول وحدة عام 1998، رغم أن الخطط لها وُضعت قبل ذلك بعقود تحت اسم محطة الفضاء ''Freedom''. ويمكنك الذهاب إليها باستخدام كبسولة كرو دراغون أو سويوز. }} {{Wy/ar/Listing | name = تيانغونغ | alt = بالصينية: 天宫 | address = الأرض، الحضيض: 389.5 كم، الأوج: 395 كم، الميل: 41.58° | directions = راجع "'''[https://www.astroviewer.net/iss/en/observation-css.php رصد تيانغونغ]'''" | price = السعر غير معلن | wikidata = Q5100935 | lastedit = 2022-02-25 | content = محطة فضاء ثانية حقيقية، مملوكة للصين. وهي أصغر من محطة الفضاء الدولية، وقد اكتملت المرحلة الأولى من تيانغونغ في عام 2022، بثلاث وحدات وسعة لـ6 أشخاص وطاقم اعتيادي من 3 أفراد. والسفر إليها يتطلب ركوب مركبة شنتشو الفضائية. وحتى الآن، كان جميع زوارها من الصينيين، لكن الحكومة أعلنت أنها ستمنح الأجانب إمكانية الوصول للتعاونات العلمية، مع استثناء المواطنين الأمريكيين والبريطانيين. }} == افهم == === التاريخ === {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|المجد لمن يتطلعون إلى الأمام!<br>المجد لمن يمضون إلى الأمام!<br>طريقنا يبدأ من الحاضر—<br>إلى المستقبل المشرق!<br>طريقنا يبدأ من الحاضر—<br>إلى السنوات القادمة!|author=سيرغي غريبينيكوف، نيكولاي دوبرونرافوف|source=''المجد للذين يتطلعون إلى الأمام''}} [[File:Apollo program.svg|thumb|شارة برنامج أبولو، تُظهر الطريق من الأرض إلى القمر|right|alt=قرص يحيط به "Apollo" و"NASA"]] لم يكن الفضاء الخارجي مفهومًا جيدًا لآلاف السنين. فقد اعتقد الناس أن الغلاف الجوي يمتد إلى أعلى بلا نهاية، وأنه إذا استطاع الناس الارتفاع بما يكفي في البالونات أو آلات الطيران، فسيصلون في النهاية إلى القمر والنجوم. ولم تبدأ التطورات في الرياضيات والفيزياء والتكنولوجيا بإعادة تشكيل فهمنا إلا في القرن السابع عشر. فقد أظهرت '''المقاريب''' ما وراء عالمنا، مثل أقمار المشتري. ومن خلال نظرية '''الجاذبية''' والفيزياء النيوتونية، اكتشفنا أن الفضاء الخارجي فراغ، وكيف تدور النجوم والكواكب والأقمار حول بعضها البعض. في القرن العشرين، نشر المعلم الروسي '''كونستانتين تسيولكوفسكي''' أبحاثًا رائدة، بينما أجرى العالم الأمريكي '''روبرت غودارد''' تجارب على تصاميم الصواريخ. وبينما كان رواد الصواريخ الأوائل في أوائل القرن العشرين يحدّقون في النجوم، فإن الصواريخ لم تكن قد تحررت بعد من أصولها العسكرية. وبحلول عام 1944، كانت ألمانيا قد بنت الصاروخ V-2، أول صاروخ بالستي، لقصف أهداف بسرعات جعلته بمنأى عن المدافع المضادة للطائرات والمقاتلات. وأدى تطوير الصواريخ الباليستية العابرة للقارات بعيدة المدى إلى '''سباق الفضاء''' خلال [[Wy/ar/Cold War|الحرب الباردة]] — إذ كانت [[Wy/ar/United States of America|الولايات المتحدة]] و[[Wy/ar/Soviet Union|الاتحاد السوفيتي]] تتنافسان الآن على "الأوائل" في رحلات الفضاء. تحت قيادة المهندس سيرغي كوروليوف، حقق الاتحاد السوفيتي هذا السبق في 4 أكتوبر 1957 عندما دار '''سبوتنيك 1''' حول الأرض لمدة 21 يومًا. وفي 3 نوفمبر 1957، نجح الاتحاد السوفيتي في إرسال الكلبة '''لايكا''' إلى الفضاء على متن '''سبوتنيك 2'''، لتصبح أول حيوان يدور حول الأرض. ثم أصبح '''يوري غاغارين''' أول إنسان يُطلق بنجاح إلى الفضاء على متن '''فوستوك 1''' في 12 أبريل 1961. ثم، في عام 1967، أدى التطوير المتهور إلى '''كوارث مميتة''' لكلا البرنامجين: فقد أودى حريق بحياة رواد الفضاء الأمريكيين الثلاثة على متن أبولو 1 أثناء محاكاة إطلاق، كما أدى تحطم إلى مقتل رائد الفضاء السوفيتي على متن سويوز 1. ثم تسارع برنامج الولايات المتحدة وبلغ ذروته عندما هبط '''أبولو 11''' على القمر في 20 يوليو 1969. وعندما مشى '''نيل أرمسترونغ''' و'''باز ألدرين''' على سطح القمر، شاهد ذلك مباشرة 723 مليون شخص، أي أكثر من خُمس سكان الأرض. وتبعت ذلك ست بعثات أخرى حتى ديسمبر 1972. إلا أن الأحلام الجامحة في ستينيات وسبعينيات القرن العشرين تلاشت حين أدرك الناس أن السياحة الفضائية الرخيصة والسهلة التي وُعدوا بها لن تأتي قريبًا. بدأت '''الأقمار الصناعية''' تصبح متاحة أكثر في الثمانينيات. وفي عام 1990، أُطلق '''مقراب هابل الفضائي''' إلى المدار، محققًا إنجازات عظيمة في رصد الفضاء. وظهرت '''مكوكات الفضاء''' لأول مرة عام 1981، لتصبح أول طائرة فضائية عاملة. وفي الوقت نفسه، كان الروس يطوّرون محطة الفضاء '''''مير'''''، وكان الأمريكيون يخططون لمحطة الفضاء '''Freedom'''. ثم تحولت محطة ''Freedom'' لاحقًا إلى '''محطة الفضاء الدولية'''. وبالعودة إلى القطاع الخاص في رحلات الفضاء، أصبح دينيس تيتو أول '''سائح فضائي''' يدفع مقابل رحلته في أبريل 2001. وسرعان ما تبعه آخرون. أصبحت [[Wy/ar/China|الصين]] '''ثالث''' دولة تضع إنسانًا في المدار بإطلاق '''شنتشو 5''' في أكتوبر 2003. ومنذ ذلك الحين، أخذ البرنامج الفضائي للبلاد يوسّع حضوره. كما وسّعت [[Wy/ar/India|الهند]] في القرن الحادي والعشرين نطاق استكشافها الفضائي بشكل كبير. وفي ديسمبر 2015، هبط صاروخ '''فالكون 9''' القابل لإعادة الاستخدام التابع لـSpaceX في موقع هبوطه، بهدف خفض تكاليف الإطلاق بشكل كبير. ومنذ ذلك الحين، أرسلت '''فيرجن غالاكتيك''' و'''بلو أوريجن''' عددًا من الركاب في رحلات قصيرة إلى حافة الفضاء في يوليو 2021. وبينما يظل الفضاء وجهة لقلة من الناس فقط، فإنه أصبح بالتأكيد أكثر إتاحة مع تطور هذه التقنيات الفضائية. ===الناس=== [[File:Astronaut Donald K. Slayton and cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov in the Soyuz Orbital Module.jpg|thumb|رائد الفضاء أليكسي ليونوف ورائد الفضاء دونالد سلايتون|alt=رواد فضاء من ناسا وروسيا يطفون قرب بعضهم]] معظم الذين زاروا الفضاء حتى الآن كانوا '''رواد فضاء''' أو '''رواد فضاء روس (cosmonauts)''' أو '''تايكونوت''' — وهم محترفون يتقاضون أجرًا للتدرّب على الرحلات الفضائية وتنفيذها. والتمييز بين هذه الأسماء في الغالب مسألة احترام. فمصطلح "كوزمونوت" مخصص لرواد الفضاء الروس. كما يُطلق على رواد الفضاء الصينيين غالبًا اسم "تايكونوت" نسبة إلى الكلمة الصينية التي تعني "الفضاء" (太空 ''tàikōng''). ولا تعتمد الأسماء على الجنسية. فعلى سبيل المثال، أول ألماني شرقي في الفضاء، سيغموند يان، يُعد "كوزمونوت" لأنه ركب مركبة سويوز السوفيتية. أما أول ألماني غربي في الفضاء، أولف ميربولد، فيُسمى "أسترونوت" لأنه ركب مكوك الفضاء. أما القلة الباقية فتُسمى '''سياح فضاء'''، رغم أن ناسا وروسكوسموس تفضلان مصطلح '''مشارك في رحلة فضائية'''. ويمكن التمييز بشكل أدق بين القادمين من دول لا تمتلك برنامجًا لرواد الفضاء، وبين السياح الممولين ذاتيًا الذين دفعوا تكاليف رحلتهم إلى الفضاء. === المناخ === نظرًا لعدم وجود غلاف جوي في الفضاء، يجب على المركبات الفضائية أن تخلق واحدًا ليبقى رواد الفضاء على قيد الحياة. لذلك يمكن أن يختلف '''تركيب''' الغلاف الجوي كثيرًا. في الماضي، استخدمت المركبات الفضائية أكسجينًا نقيًا لسهولة تخزينه، أما اليوم فأصبح أقرب كثيرًا إلى غلاف الأرض الجوي. وعلى متن محطة الفضاء الدولية، يمكن أن تتراوح درجة الحرارة بين {{Wy/ar/Convert|abbr=on|18 to 26|C|F|sigfig=2}}، مع رطوبة تقارب 60%. لذلك يُنصح بارتداء سترة خفيفة للحفاظ على راحة الجسم. أما في بذلة الفضاء، فيمكن التحكم بالمناخ بسهولة أكبر. وفي هذه الحالة، تكون الملابس الداخلية المريحة والمشدودة هي الأنسب، لأن البدلة شديدة الصلابة. عمليًا، لا يملك الفضاء الخارجي "درجة حرارة" بالمعنى المعتاد، إذ لا توجد مادة تُذكر حولك. وغالبًا ما تشير هذه الدرجات إلى درجة حرارة السطح، وهو أمر قد يكون مضللًا لأن الجسم في اتجاهات مختلفة يتلقى حرارة من الشمس بشكل مختلف. ومن دون ضوء الشمس، تكون الحرارة نحو {{Wy/ar/Convert|abbr=on|−270.5|C|F|sigfig=4}}، أي 2.7 درجة فوق الصفر المطلق! === وحدات القياس === [[File:ISS-55 Dwarf Wheat samples, final growth.jpg|thumb|مسطرة تقيس ارتفاع النباتات في الفضاء. متري أم إمبراطوري؟|right|alt=مسطرة موضوعة بجانب نبتة]] تستخدم معظم الأنشطة في الفضاء '''النظام المتري''' لأن معظم البلدان تعتمد هذا المعيار. ومع ذلك، تُصنع كثير من الأجزاء في الولايات المتحدة بالنظام الإمبراطوري، مما يؤدي إلى فوضى في التحويلات. وأكثر هذه الحوادث إحراجًا كان خروج المركبة ''Mars Climate Orbiter'' عن مسارها عام 1999، إذ فسرت بيانات بوحدات مترية بينما كانت في الواقع بوحدات إمبراطورية. والدول الأخرى ليست بمنأى عن ذلك أيضًا، إذ تستخدم كثير من المكوّنات الفضائية النظام الإمبراطوري، خصوصًا في قياسات الأقطار. أما بالنسبة للسائح الفضائي، فلا ينبغي أن يهمه ذلك كثيرًا لأن معظم الأشياء أصبحت مترية بالفعل. === السياسة === يحمل مفهوم السياسة في الفضاء اسمًا ذا طابع مستقبلي: '''السياسة الفلكية''' (astropolitics). وأشهر وثيقة بشأن ذلك هي معاهدة الفضاء الخارجي. وباختصار، توصي بأن تعتبر الدول الفضاء "ملكًا للبشرية جمعاء". ويشمل هذا تعزيز التطور العلمي، وعدم ادعاء السيادة على الكواكب والأقمار، ومنع أسلحة الدمار الشامل في الفضاء. ومن أبرز الأمثلة على تأثير السياسة في العمليات الفضائية محطة الفضاء ''مير''. فبعد انهيار [[Wy/ar/Soviet Union|الاتحاد السوفيتي]]، سمحت المحطة بالتسويق التجاري للحصول على ما يكفي من الأموال التشغيلية. ومع تصاعد التوتر بين الولايات المتحدة وروسيا مجددًا بسبب [[Wy/ar/Ukraine#War|الغزو الروسي لأوكرانيا]]، قد يصبح الفضاء أكثر عسكرة. أما بالنسبة لسياح الفضاء المتجهين إلى محطة الفضاء الدولية، فينبغي فصل السياسة عن رحلتهم الفضائية لتجنب النزاعات. والولايات المتحدة هي الدولة الوحيدة في العالم التي لديها قوة فضائية، وهي فرع عسكري مخصص للحرب في الفضاء. === الفعاليات === {{Wy/ar/See also|Solar eclipse}} == تحدّث == {{Wy/ar/See also|Russian phrasebook|Mandarin phrasebook}} كما في القواعد القطبية وغيرها من المشاريع متعددة الجنسيات، تستخدم رحلات الفضاء لغات مشغلي المركبات. تُعد '''الإنجليزية''' لغة العمل في الفضاء، وتُستخدم في كثير من العمليات الفضائية والتنسيق الدولي على الأرض. وتأتي [[Wy/ar/Russian phrasebook|'''الروسية''']] كلغة ثانوية، إذ تستخدم مهمات سويوز الروسية حصريًا حتى الوصول إلى محطة الفضاء الدولية. وأحيانًا تكون اللافتات والملصقات في المحطة ثنائية اللغة. وبالطبع، تُستخدم [[Wy/ar/Chinese phrasebook|'''الماندرين''']] في المهمات الصينية إلى الفضاء. الإنجليزية عمومًا هي لغة العمل في محطة الفضاء الدولية، رغم أن الطواقم تكون عادةً متقنة للإنجليزية والروسية معًا. ويجب على سياح الفضاء في محطة الفضاء الدولية تعلّم قدر كافٍ من الإنجليزية. كما يحتاجون إلى معرفة أساسية بالروسية (250 ساعة من التدريب اللغوي خلال 6 أشهر من الدراسة، أو نحو ساعتين يوميًا). وهناك قدر كبير من '''المصطلحات الخاصة''' في رحلات الفضاء أكثر من كثير من الأماكن الأخرى، ويرجع ذلك جزئيًا إلى أن معظم الناس هناك ذوو عقلية تقنية. وفيما يلي بعض المصطلحات الأساسية التي ينبغي أن يكون السياح والمهتمون بالفضاء على دراية بها: { { style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;" ;إلغاء (Abort) :إلغاء شيء ما. فـ"Pad abort" تعني إلغاء المهمة مباشرة بعد الإقلاع، و"contingency abort" تعني الإلغاء بسبب تعطل المحركات. ;الاختصارات (Acronyms) :الطبق المفضل لدى ناسا. لا تقلق كثيرًا إذا كانت اختصارات مثل MUM أو POD أو MOXIE مربكة — فمعظم الأشياء العامة يمكن الإشارة إليها من دون استخدامها. ;الأوج (Apoapsis) :أبعد نقطة في المدار ;دلتا-''v'' :التغير في السرعة، ويمكن التفكير فيه على أنه مقدار ما يمكن تغيير المدار به للوصول إلى الكواكب ;الوصلة الهابطة (Downlink) :إشارة تُرسل إلى الأرض ;اللامركزية (Eccentricity) :مدى "استطالة" المدار، من 0 كدائرة إلى 1 كشكل بيضاوي طويل جدًا style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;" ;LOX :الأكسجين السائل ;Max-Q :أقصى ضغط ديناميكي هوائي ;MECO :إيقاف المحرك الرئيسي بعد أن تستنفد المرحلة كل وقودها ;الحضيض (Periapsis) :أقرب نقطة في المدار ;المادة الدافعة (Propellant) :الوقود والمؤكسد للصاروخ ;الالتحام (Rendezvous) :التقاء مركبتين فضائيتين ;RUD :تفكك غير مخطط وسريع، ويعني انفجار صاروخ ;SECO :إيقاف المحرك الثاني بعد استهلاك الوقود ;الاحتراق الانتحاري (Suicide burn) :أو احتراق الهبوط، بإشعال المحرك في اللحظة المناسبة تمامًا للهبوط |} == الوصول == {{Wy/ar/اقتباس خاص|إذا وُجدت سفن أو أشرعة مناسبة لرياح السماء، فسيكون هناك من لا يخشون حتى ذلك الفضاء الهائل.|author=يوهانس كيبلر}} === متطلبات الدخول === [[File:Orbital_launch_projects.svg|thumb|450x450px|الوصول إلى الفضاء حسب الدول]] حاليًا، فقط [[Wy/ar/United States of America|الولايات المتحدة]] و[[Wy/ar/Russia|روسيا]] و[[Wy/ar/China|الصين]] يمكنها '''إرسال البشر إلى الفضاء'''. وقد أعلنت [[Wy/ar/India|الهند]] خططًا لبرنامج فضائي بشري. وهناك تسع دول أخرى ومنظمة واحدة هي وكالة الفضاء الأوروبية '''أطلقت أجسامًا إلى الفضاء''' باستخدام مركبات إطلاق محلية. الدول الأخرى التي أطلقت أقمارًا صناعية ولديها برامج فضائية نشطة تشمل [[Wy/ar/Japan|اليابان]] و[[Wy/ar/India|الهند]] و[[Wy/ar/Israel|إسرائيل]] و[[Wy/ar/Iran|إيران]] و[[Wy/ar/New Zealand|نيوزيلندا]] و[[Wy/ar/North Korea|كوريا الشمالية]] و[[Wy/ar/South Korea|كوريا الجنوبية]] و[[Wy/ar/Ukraine|أوكرانيا]]. ومع ذلك، لم تضع أوكرانيا أقمارها الخاصة في المدار. وتشمل وكالة الفضاء الأوروبية دولًا مثل [[Wy/ar/France|فرنسا]] و[[Wy/ar/Germany|ألمانيا]] و[[Wy/ar/United Kingdom|المملكة المتحدة]] وغيرها. اعتبارًا من فبراير 2022، تعمل تسع دول على وضع أقمار صناعية في المدار: [[Wy/ar/Brazil|البرازيل]] و[[Wy/ar/Australia|أستراليا]] و[[Wy/ar/Indonesia|إندونيسيا]] و[[Wy/ar/Taiwan|تايوان]] و[[Wy/ar/Kazakhstan|كازاخستان]] و[[Wy/ar/South Africa|جنوب أفريقيا]] و[[Wy/ar/Argentina|الأرجنتين]] و[[Wy/ar/Pakistan|باكستان]] و[[Wy/ar/Turkey|تركيا]]. وهناك دول أخرى تخلت عن برامجها مثل [[Wy/ar/Canada|كندا]] و[[Wy/ar/Egypt|مصر]] و[[Wy/ar/Iraq|العراق]]. يمكن لمواطني الدول التي لا تمتلك قدرات فضائية السفر عبر مركبات هذه الدول، لكن يجب الانتباه إلى العقوبات قبل الحجز. في '''الولايات المتحدة'''، يجب على السياح الفضائيين تحمّل التسارع العالي والتباطؤ والاهتزاز وانعدام الجاذبية. كما يجب تدريبهم على '''التعامل مع حالات الطوارئ''' مثل الدخان أو الحريق أو فقدان الضغط. وقد يستمر التدريب من '''عدة أيام''' للرحلات شبه المدارية إلى '''عدة أشهر''' للرحلات المدارية. أما الرحلات على متن طائرات '''انعدام الجاذبية الجزئي''' فهي أقل صرامة، ومعظم الفئات العمرية مؤهلة لها، لكن يُنصح من لديهم حالات طبية باستشارة الأطباء مسبقًا. === بواسطة طائرات الجاذبية المنخفضة === [[File:Parabelflug PB271049.jpg|right|thumb|الصعود لتجربة انعدام الوزن في ألمانيا|alt=مجموعة تصعد إلى طائرة]] يمكن محاكاة انعدام الوزن عبر طيران مكافئ، حيث تتناوب قوى الجاذبية المنخفضة والعالية. هذه الرحلات قد تسبب الغثيان، لكنها أقل تكلفة من الرحلات الفضائية. * {{Wy/ar/Go | name=Incredible Adventures Florida | url=[https://www.incredible-adventures.com/zero-gravity-usa.html](https://www.incredible-adventures.com/zero-gravity-usa.html) | address=[[Wy/ar/Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy Space Center]]، فلوريدا، الولايات المتحدة | phone=+1 941 346-2603 | price=4500 دولار للشخص | content=يوفر رحلات تحاكي جاذبية المريخ والقمر ثم انعدام الوزن. }} * {{Wy/ar/Listing | type=go | name=Zero Gravity Corporation | url=[http://www.gozerog.com/](http://www.gozerog.com/) | phone=+1 703 894-2188 | price=5400 دولار للمقعد | content=رحلات على طائرة معدلة توفر عدة دقائق من انعدام الجاذبية. }} === بواسطة مركبات شبه مدارية === [[File:SS2 and VMS Eve.jpg|thumb|مركبة SpaceShipTwo مرتبطة بطائرة حاملة]] الرحلات شبه المدارية تصل إلى الفضاء لفترة قصيرة فقط. السعر مرتفع لكنه أقل من الرحلات المدارية. ==== موانئ فضائية ==== * {{Wy/ar/Go | name=Gateway to Space Terminal | address=[[Wy/ar/New Mexico|New Mexico]] | content=موقع شركة Virgin Galactic. }} * {{Wy/ar/Go | name=Launch Site One | address=[[Wy/ar/Texas|Texas]] | content=موقع شركة Blue Origin. }} ==== المركبات ==== * '''New Shepard''' – كبسولة تطلقها Blue Origin. * '''SpaceShipTwo''' – طائرة فضائية من Virgin Galactic. === بواسطة مركبات مدارية === [[File:Soyuz MS.jpg|right|thumb|مركبة سويوز متجهة لمحطة الفضاء الدولية]] هذا هو '''الفضاء الحقيقي'''. السعر يبدأ من نحو 40 مليون دولار. ==== موانئ فضائية ==== * '''Baikonur Cosmodrome''' – كازاخستان * '''Cape Canaveral''' – الولايات المتحدة * '''Jiuquan''' – الصين * '''Kennedy Space Center''' – الولايات المتحدة ==== المركبات ==== * '''Crew Dragon''' – من SpaceX * '''Shenzhou''' – الصين * '''Soyuz''' – روسيا * '''Starliner''' – بوينغ === بواسطة مركبات بين كوكبية === برنامج '''Artemis''' يعيد البشر إلى القمر. * '''Orion''' – مركبة ناسا للبعثات القمرية === شركات السياحة الفضائية === * '''Space Adventures''' * '''Axiom Space''' == التنقل == يبقى معظم المسافرين داخل المركبة ويستخدمون أنظمة الدفع. === بنفسك === الحركة داخل المركبة تتم باستخدام اليدين والقدمين. لا يمكن "السباحة" في الهواء، بل يجب دفع نفسك أو استخدام أشياء ثقيلة للتحرك. === باستخدام المركبة === تحديد الموقع يعتمد على '''المدار''' وليس المكان الثابت. === باستخدام البدلات === الخروج إلى الفضاء (EVA) يتطلب بدلة فضاء. بدونها، يكون الشخص في خطر شديد. == شاهد == [[File:Tracy Caldwell Dyson in Cupola ISS.jpg|thumb|مشاهدة الأرض من المحطة]] '''مشاهدة الأرض''' من الفضاء تجربة مذهلة تُعرف بـ"تأثير النظرة الشاملة". === الأرض === * الأضواء القطبية * أنماط الطقس === الأجرام السماوية === * القمر * النجوم == افعل == يمكنك: * السير في الفضاء * إجراء تجارب علمية * ممارسة أنشطة ممتعة == تعلّم == التعلم في الفضاء يتم عبر التجارب. ويمكن دراسة مجالات مثل الفيزياء الفلكية على الأرض. == اعمل == رواد الفضاء يقومون بـ: * تجارب علمية * صيانة المحطة == اشترِ == تتوفر هدايا في مراكز الفضاء مثل: * متجر ناسا * متجر SpaceX == كُل == طعام الفضاء: * مجفف أو معبأ * قليل الفتات * غالبًا بلا نكهة قوية == اشرب == المشروبات تكون في أكياس. الماء يُعاد تدويره بالكامل تقريبًا. == نم == النوم في الفضاء يتم داخل أكياس مثبتة بالجدار. الدورة اليومية صعبة بسبب الشروق كل 90 دقيقة. == ابقَ آمنًا == الفضاء '''خطير بطبيعته''' بسبب: * الإشعاع * الحرارة * الحطام الفضائي == ابقَ صحيًا == * ممارسة الرياضة ضرورية * فقدان العظام والعضلات ممكن * الإشعاع خطر كبير == تواصل == الاتصال يتم عبر الأقمار الصناعية، وقد يكون بطيئًا أحيانًا. == التكيف == === الكهرباء === أنظمة مختلفة (أمريكية وروسية)، لا تستخدم أجهزة عادية مباشرة. === النظافة === * المراحيض تعتمد على الشفط * لا توجد غسالات * الاستحمام إسفنجي === الترفيه === * مشاهدة أفلام * التواصل مع العائلة === الدين === ====الإسلام==== تعتمد ممارسة الشعائر الإسلامية في الفضاء على مبدأ "التيسير" نظراً للظروف الاستثنائية، وقد وُضعت أدلة فقهية خاصة (مثل الدليل الماليزي لرواد الفضاء) لتنظيم ذلك: * تحديد القبلة: الأولوية هي التوجه نحو الكعبة، فإن تعذر ذلك فإلى الأرض ككل، وإذا صعب تحديد اتجاه الأرض بسبب السرعة العالية، يسقط شرط الاستقبال ويصلي الرائد لجهة صدره. * مواقيت الصلاة والصيام: بما أن محطة الفضاء الدولية تشهد 16 شروقاً وغروباً في اليوم الواحد، يتبع الرائد توقيت موقع الإطلاق (مثل قاعدة بايكونور) أو توقيت مكة المكرمة لضبط الصلوات الخمس وصيام رمضان. * الوضوء: نظراً لخطورة تناثر قطرات الماء في بيئة انعدام الجاذبية، يُسمح بالاستعاضة عن الوضوء بالماء بـ "التيمم" باستخدام حجر طاهر أو المسح على أسطح نظيفة، أو استخدام مناديل مبللة خاصة. * هيئة الصلاة: لمنع الطفو أثناء الركوع والسجود، يقوم الرائد بربط قدميه في منصة الصلاة، أو يصلي جالساً مع الإيماء برأسه، وفي حالات الضرورة القصوى يمكنه الصلاة بالعينين فقط. == إلى أين بعد ذلك == [[File:The Blue Marble (remastered).jpg|thumb|الأرض الجميلة]] ما يرتفع يجب أن يعود — حتى الآن. بعد القمر، تبقى الأرض مليئة بفرص الاستكشاف. {{Wy/ar/Guidetopic}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|مواضيع السفر}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q4169}} 0x3o7hl57lv0dhfbqu65tcg3mxltsfr 0 3746693 7374235 7150392 2026-10-25T13:28:53Z MEvalyn 2608615 Edited spelling 7374235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q98081572}} '''Lawrence Mulindwa''' (akazaarwa ebiro 27 okwa kashatu omuri 1965) n'omushuubuzi, omwegyesa, kandi omushubuzi omu [[Uganda]] orikuheereza nka mukuru w'ekibiina kya [[Vipers SC]]. Akaba ari omwebembezi w'ekibiina ekirikutegyeka omupiira ekya FUFA, ahu yaheereize kumara emyaka mwenda, omwebembezi wa kabiri orikukirayo obwire buraingwa bwanyima ya Kabaka Daudi Chwa omuri (1924-1932).[1] Kandi niwe mukuru w'eishomero kandi owaabaireho mukuru w'eishomero rya St. Eishomero rya Mary's Secondary School Kitende. [2] Niwe arikukirayo kugira emigabo omu tiimu ya Vipers SC kandi niwe arikukirayo kugira emigabo omu tiimu eyasingire [[Uganda Premier League]] emirundi mukaaga n'emigabo 90%. Akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obwebembezi nk'omukuru wa Bunamwaya FC obwahati erikumanywa nka Vipers SC kuruga omuri 2000 kuhisya omuri 2004.[3] Bwanyima akaruga aha ntebe egyo yaaza ahari Tadeus Kitandwe kwesimba aha ntebe y'omwebembezi w'ekibiina ekirikutegyeka omupiira ekya [[Federation of Uganda Football Associations|FUFA]] ekyamuhwereire kuhangura Chris Rwanika owaabaire ari omuhakanisa we ow'ahamara. == Obuto bwe == Akazaarirwa omuri 1965 omuri Kanyike Kamengo, Mpigi, Uganda. == Emirimo == === Purezidenti wa FUFA === Omu bwire bwe nka purezidenti w'ekibiina ekirikutegyeka omupiira ekya Federation of Uganda Football Associations (FUFA), akashashura amabanja g'ekibiina, otwariiremu n'okugaruraho ekyapa ky'ekyombeko kya FUFA omuri Mengo. Akongyeraho emishomo y'okwongyera aha bukugu, kandi tiimu ya Uganda Cranes ekaba etasingirwe omuka kumara emyaka munaana. Empaka z'ebicweka zikagarurwaho, ebirabo bya FUFA bikatandikwaho, Uganda ekatwara ekikopo kya Cecafa Senior Challenge Cup emirundi ena, kandi endagaano nyingi z'okushashurirwa kuruga omu kampuni nyingi zikateebwaho emikono; hamwe n'okushemererwa n'abahagizi, Gavumenti, CAF na FIFA.[5] === Kiraabu ya Vipers === Omuri 2013, akaruga omu kibiina kya FUFA, yaata amaani omu kiraabu ya Vipers SC n'ekigyendererwa ky'okugihindura kiraabu y'omupiira erikukirayo oburungi omuri Yuganda hamwe n'omuri Afirika. Eki kikabaasisa kiraabu kusingura ebikopo mukaaga by'omupiira, kandi ekasingura ekikopo kya Uganda Cup, Fufa Super Cup hamwe na Fufa Super 8 Cup hamwe n'okuza omu bibiina bya CAF Champions League, ekyareteire kiraabu ya kabiri omuri Yuganda kukikora bwanyima ya KCCA. Omu kwezi kwa kashatu omuri 2017, omushubuuzi w'omupiira gw'ebigyere akaba omunyayuganda w'okubanza kugira ekishaaha ky'omuntu buntu ekirikwetwa St. Ekishaaha kya Mary's Stadium-Kitende kikigurwaho omu butongore n'omuzaano gwa CAF Confederation Cup na Platinum Stars kuruga South Africa, Venoms ekasingura goora 1–0.[8] Kikongyerwamu entebe ezindi 600 ez'omutindo gw'ahaiguru, ekirikumanyisa ngu ekishaaha kikaba kiine entebe 1,500 ez'omutindo gw'ahaiguru hamwe n'entebe 25,000[[9] Omuri 2019, akatongoza baasi y'ekibiina, ey'okubanza omu Uganda kugira eiziina ry'ekibiina aha namba, kandi yaiguraho na eishomero ry'omurembe rya eishomero. === St. Mary's boarding secondary school, Kitende === Omuri 2001, Lawrence Mulindwa akatandikaho eishomero rya siniya, St. Eishomero rya Mary's Boarding Secondary School Kitende, eririkumanywa nka St. Mary's Kitende kugira ngu rihisye obwegyese bw'omutindo gw'ensi yoona n'okutunguura eby'emizaano Omuri Uganda. Kuruga obwo eishomero rikaba ery'omutaano omu by'obwegyese n'eby'emizaano. Rikaba niriguma riri ery'okubanza omu Uganda Certificate of Education (UCE) hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (UACE), n'obu haraabe hariho okuhakana. Eishomero niryemanywa munonga omu by'emizaano omuri Uganda hamwe na East[[14] Africa. Omuri Uganda, niryo riine omuhendo gw'ahaiguru gw'okusinga ekikopo (11) [15] omu mupiira gw'ebigyere, rikagaitwa na Kibuli SS. Omu mizaano y'ahaiguru omuri East Africa, eishomero rikasinga ekikopo ky'aboojo omu mupiira gw'ebigyere kumara emyaka ikumi erikukurataho kuruga omuri 2003 kuhisya omuri 2013 hamwe n'ekikopo ky'abakazi omu kubaka kumara emyaka ikumi n'ena erikukurataho kuruga omuri 2003 kuhisya omuri 2017.[16] Eishomero niryemanywa ahabw'okuhisya obwegyese burungi aha bantu ba Uganda kuruga omu miringo yoona a[habw'okugira ngu ririkwikiriza buri omwe. Eishomero rya St. Mary's Kitende nirimanywa munonga ahabw'okutendeka emyoga y'abazaani b'omupiira gw'ebigyere. * Paul Mucureezi * Geoffrey Wasswa * Ismail Watenga * Murushid Juuko * Dan Wagaluka * Ibrahim Juma * [[Muhammad Shaban Galabuzi|Muhammad Shaban]] * Mike Mutyaba * Nicholas Wadada * Farouk Miya * Godfrey Walusimbi * Milton Karisa * Bobosi Byaruhanga * Jean Sseninde == Okumanywa == Ebiro 13 Okwa ikumi na kumwe omuri 2018, akaheebwa diguri y'ekitiinisa kuruga omu ishomero rya London ahabw'okukora munonga omu by'obwegyese n'emizaano ebi yaakozire omu rukiiko rw'obwebembezi orw'omurundi gwa 15 omuri UAE. == Obujurizi == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] gz8oxdtdrv2ok4evjlolc6oug3qcqdk 0 3761274 7374671 7372982 2026-10-26T06:56:16Z Sdf 1644287 7374671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''2026 néng De̤ng-huá Míng-go̤h di̍h-ha̍h-chī-diô̤ng gah gā̤ⁿ-chī-diô̤ng sê̤ng-giô̤''' sī [[Wp/cpx/De̤ng-huá Míng-go̤h|De̤ng-huá Míng-go̤h]] [[Wp/cpx/Di̍h-ha̍h-chī|di̍h-ha̍h-chī]]-diô̤ng gah gā̤ⁿ-[[Wp/cpx/Chī-diô̤ng|chī-diô̤ng]] ē [[Wp/cpx/Sê̤ng-giô̤|sê̤ng-giô̤]]. ==Hā̤u-sê̤ng-náng== {| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="6" width="2000" |2026 néng De̤ng-huá Míng-go̤h di̍h-ha̍h-chī-diô̤ng gah gā̤ⁿ-chī-diô̤ng míng-duaⁿ |- ! rowspan="2" style="width:100px;" |Gā̤ⁿ-chī ! rowspan="1" style="width:100px;" |[[Wp/cpx/Míng-cṳ̂ Ci̍ng-bō Dô̤ng|Míng-cṳ̂ Ci̍ng-bō Dô̤ng]] ! rowspan="1" style="width:100px;" |[[Wp/cpx/De̤ng-go̤h Go̤h-míng Dô̤ng|De̤ng-go̤h Go̤h-míng Dô̤ng]] ! colspan="2" |gí-ta ci̍ng-dô̤ng ![[Wp/cpx/Bú-dô̤ng-ci̍h|bú-dô̤ng-ci̍h]] |- ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #1B9431;" |hā̤u-sê̤ng-náng ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #000099;" |hā̤u-sê̤ng-náng ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #C0C0C0;" |hā̤u-sê̤ng-náng ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #C0C0C0;" |ci̍ng-dô̤ng ! style="width:140px; border-bottom:4px solid #000000;" |hā̤u-sê̤ng-náng |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gi-lé̤ng-chī|Gi-lé̤ng-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dó̤ng Cêo-ûi|Dó̤ng Cêo-ûi]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Siā Go̤h-niúⁿ|Siā Go̤h-niúⁿ]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gūi Cho̤̍-meóng|Gūi Cho̤̍-meóng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-bah-chī|Dái-bah-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Sîng Beh-iúⁿ|Sîng Beh-iúⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Câ̤uⁿ Māng-ang|Câ̤uⁿ Māng-ang]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Go̤h Sî|Go̤h Sî]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Sa̤u Meóng-gió̤ng|Sa̤u Meóng-gió̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Dn̂g Sing-míng|Dn̂g Sing-míng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-uáng Muá-cio̤ng Co̍i-duā Dô̤ng|Dái-uáng Muá-cio̤ng Co̍i-duā Dô̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Dái-uáng SoR Bú-hah Dô̤ng|Dái-uáng SoR Bú-hah Dô̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/So̤ⁿ-sa̤̍ Duáng-geh Che̤h-ci̍ng Léng-méng|So̤ⁿ-sa̤̍ Duáng-geh Che̤h-ci̍ng Léng-méng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Líng Ci̍-síng|Líng Ci̍-síng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Sing-bah-chī|Sing-bah-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/So Kiâ̤u-hā̤|So Kiâ̤u-hā̤]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Lî Se̍o-che̤ng|Lî Se̍o-che̤ng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/So Hui-hó̤ng|So Hui-hó̤ng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Tó-hói-chī|Tó-hói-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Hńg Sa̤̍-ge̍h|Hńg Sa̤̍-ge̍h]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dng Sēng-ci̍ng|Dng Sēng-ci̍ng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Sing-de̤h-gā̤ⁿ|Sing-de̤h-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dāⁿ Da̤u-ho̤ng|Dāⁿ Da̤u-ho̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Sṳ́ Hṳng-ṳ́ng|Sṳ́ Hṳng-ṳ́ng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Co Dēng-ṳ̂|Co Dēng-ṳ̂]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Sing-de̤h-chī|Sing-de̤h-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Co̤ng Gīng-díng|Co̤ng Gīng-díng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Go̤ Hó̤ng-ang|Go̤ Hó̤ng-ang]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Hó̤ Ci̍-ê̤ng|Hó̤ Ci̍-ê̤ng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Bá̤u-li̍h-gā̤ⁿ|Bá̤u-li̍h-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng Pîng-ang|Déng Pîng-ang]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ce̤ng Do̤ng-gîng|Ce̤ng Do̤ng-gîng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-de̤ng-chī|Dái-de̤ng-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Hó̤ Hṳng-seóng|Hó̤ Hṳng-seóng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gang Kâ̤-síng|Gang Kâ̤-síng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Áng Lā̤-huá|Áng Lā̤-huá]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Seo-hah Ciaⁿ-gī Dô̤ng|Seo-hah Ciaⁿ-gī Dô̤ng]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Cio̤ng-hua̍-gā̤ⁿ|Cio̤ng-hua̍-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng So̍-guā̤|Déng So̍-guā̤]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gūi Bíng-ci̍ng|Gūi Bíng-ci̍ng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ku Ge̤̍ng-hu̍|Ku Ge̤̍ng-hu̍]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Déng Dé̤ng-ga|Déng Dé̤ng-ga]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Náng-dáu-gā̤ⁿ|Náng-dáu-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Eong Sa̤̍-ci̍ng|Eong Sa̤̍-ci̍ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Hiô̤ Se̤h-huá (1975 néng)|Hiô̤ Se̤h-huá]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Eóng-líng-gā̤ⁿ|Eóng-líng-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Láu Ge̤̍ng-go̤h (Dái-uáng)|Láu Ge̤̍ng-go̤h]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dng Ga-geōng|Dng Ga-geōng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gó Bîng-hui|Gó Bîng-hui]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Líng Ga-cṳ́|Líng Ga-cṳ́]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ga-gī-gā̤ⁿ|Ga-gī-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Chua̍ Ī-ṳ́|Chua̍ Ī-ṳ́]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gó Pîng-cuē|Gó Pîng-cuē]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ga-gī-chī|Ga-gī-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ó̤ng Bî-hā̤|Ó̤ng Bî-hā̤]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dng Kâ̤-kâi|Dng Kâ̤-kâi]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-uáng Míng-cè̤ng Dô̤ng (2019 néng)|Dái-uáng Míng-cè̤ng Dô̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Hńg Hé̤ng-síng Dái-uáng A-síng Sa̤̍-ga̍i Ûi-cíng Cái-síng Cô̤ng-tô̤ng|Hńg Hé̤ng-síng Dái-uáng A-síng Sa̤̍-ga̍i Ûi-cíng Cái-síng Cô̤ng-tô̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Déng Kâi-hó̤ng|Déng Kâi-hó̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Ó̤ng Gī-síng|Ó̤ng Gī-síng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-náng-chī|Dái-náng-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng Déng-hi|Déng Déng-hi]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Siā Lé̤ng-ga̍i|Siā Lé̤ng-ga̍i]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Sa̤u Líng-áng|Sa̤u Líng-áng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-uáng SoR Bú-hah Dô̤ng|Dái-uáng SoR Bú-hah Dô̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ia̍h Náng-meóng|Ia̍h Náng-meóng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Go-hé̤ng-chī|Go-hé̤ng-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Luā Sūi-lé̤ng|Luā Sūi-lé̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Kua Ci̍-ṳng|Kua Ci̍-ṳng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dng Cīng|Dng Cīng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Seo-hah Gâi-geh Dô̤ng|Seo-hah Gâi-geh Dô̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ó̤ng Diā̤u-míng|Ó̤ng Diā̤u-míng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Áng Ho̤ng-lé̤ng|Áng Ho̤ng-lé̤ng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Bíng-dang-gā̤ⁿ|Bíng-dang-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ciu Cheong-bî|Ciu Cheong-bî]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/So Ching-sé̤ng|So Ching-sé̤ng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gí-láng-gā̤ⁿ|Gí-láng-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Líng Go̤h-chio̤ng|Líng Go̤h-chio̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gó Co̤ng-he̤̍ng (1971 néng)|Gó Co̤ng-he̤̍ng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng Hé̤ng-gī|Déng Hé̤ng-gī]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Liú Cha̍ng-hui|Liú Cha̍ng-hui]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Ió̤ng Î-déng|Ió̤ng Î-déng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Hua-léng-gā̤ⁿ|Hua-léng-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Iú Se̤h-ceng|Iú Se̤h-ceng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ló̤ bōi cíng|ló̤ bōi cíng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-uáng go̤ng dô̤ng|Dái-uáng go̤ng dô̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dng Ceo̍ng|Dng Ceo̍ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Gūi Ga-héng|Gūi Ga-héng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-dang-gā̤ⁿ|Dái-dang-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng Ṳ́ng (1972 néng)|Déng Ṳ́ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gó Siu̍-huá|Gó Siu̍-huá]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Lî Gó Îng-di̍|Lî Gó Îng-di̍]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Liú Cāu-hó̤|Liú Cāu-hó̤]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Páⁿ-hó-gā̤ⁿ|Páⁿ-hó-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gó Se̤h-gīng|Gó Se̤h-gīng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng Cîng-de̤ng (1963 néng)|Déng Cîng-de̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ciu Gá̤-uaⁿ|Ciu Gá̤-uaⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Tái-léng Dô̤ng|Tái-léng Dô̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ia̍h De̤h-líng|Ia̍h De̤h-líng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Déng Cīng-che̤ng|Déng Cīng-che̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Hiô̤ Di̍-hu̍|Hiô̤ Di̍-hu̍]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ging-meóng-gā̤ⁿ|Ging-meóng-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng Ge̤̍h-ding (1973 néng)|Déng Ge̤̍h-ding]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Lî Meóng-lió̤ng|Lî Meóng-lió̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Ná̤uⁿ Meóng-to̤|Ná̤uⁿ Meóng-to̤]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Dng Go̤h-ui|Dng Go̤h-ui]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Hó̤ng Sa̤̍-duáng|Hó̤ng Sa̤̍-duáng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Áng Gah-síng|Áng Gah-síng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Dng Bo̤̍h-hôi|Dng Bo̤̍h-hôi]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Léng-gang-gā̤ⁿ (De̤ng-huá Míng-go̤h)|Léng-gang-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ó̤ng De̤ng-míng|Ó̤ng De̤ng-míng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Có̤ Cî-ngé̤ng|Có̤ Cî-ngé̤ng]] |- |} [[Category:Wp/cpx]] [[Category:Wp/cpx/Dái-uáng ē ci̍ng-dī]] {{INTERWIKI|Q136450556}} r400kv2omxcdshq121lik5gdbmi2wge 7374676 7374671 2026-10-26T06:57:34Z Sdf 1644287 7374676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/cpx/TwinLAT|2026年中華民國直轄市長佮縣市長選舉}} '''2026 néng De̤ng-huá Míng-go̤h di̍h-ha̍h-chī-diô̤ng gah gā̤ⁿ-chī-diô̤ng sê̤ng-giô̤''' sī [[Wp/cpx/De̤ng-huá Míng-go̤h|De̤ng-huá Míng-go̤h]] [[Wp/cpx/Di̍h-ha̍h-chī|di̍h-ha̍h-chī]]-diô̤ng gah gā̤ⁿ-[[Wp/cpx/Chī-diô̤ng|chī-diô̤ng]] ē [[Wp/cpx/Sê̤ng-giô̤|sê̤ng-giô̤]]. ==Hā̤u-sê̤ng-náng== {| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="6" width="2000" |2026 néng De̤ng-huá Míng-go̤h di̍h-ha̍h-chī-diô̤ng gah gā̤ⁿ-chī-diô̤ng míng-duaⁿ |- ! rowspan="2" style="width:100px;" |Gā̤ⁿ-chī ! rowspan="1" style="width:100px;" |[[Wp/cpx/Míng-cṳ̂ Ci̍ng-bō Dô̤ng|Míng-cṳ̂ Ci̍ng-bō Dô̤ng]] ! rowspan="1" style="width:100px;" |[[Wp/cpx/De̤ng-go̤h Go̤h-míng Dô̤ng|De̤ng-go̤h Go̤h-míng Dô̤ng]] ! colspan="2" |gí-ta ci̍ng-dô̤ng ![[Wp/cpx/Bú-dô̤ng-ci̍h|bú-dô̤ng-ci̍h]] |- ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #1B9431;" |hā̤u-sê̤ng-náng ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #000099;" |hā̤u-sê̤ng-náng ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #C0C0C0;" |hā̤u-sê̤ng-náng ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #C0C0C0;" |ci̍ng-dô̤ng ! style="width:140px; border-bottom:4px solid #000000;" |hā̤u-sê̤ng-náng |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gi-lé̤ng-chī|Gi-lé̤ng-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dó̤ng Cêo-ûi|Dó̤ng Cêo-ûi]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Siā Go̤h-niúⁿ|Siā Go̤h-niúⁿ]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gūi Cho̤̍-meóng|Gūi Cho̤̍-meóng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-bah-chī|Dái-bah-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Sîng Beh-iúⁿ|Sîng Beh-iúⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Câ̤uⁿ Māng-ang|Câ̤uⁿ Māng-ang]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Go̤h Sî|Go̤h Sî]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Sa̤u Meóng-gió̤ng|Sa̤u Meóng-gió̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Dn̂g Sing-míng|Dn̂g Sing-míng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-uáng Muá-cio̤ng Co̍i-duā Dô̤ng|Dái-uáng Muá-cio̤ng Co̍i-duā Dô̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Dái-uáng SoR Bú-hah Dô̤ng|Dái-uáng SoR Bú-hah Dô̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/So̤ⁿ-sa̤̍ Duáng-geh Che̤h-ci̍ng Léng-méng|So̤ⁿ-sa̤̍ Duáng-geh Che̤h-ci̍ng Léng-méng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Líng Ci̍-síng|Líng Ci̍-síng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Sing-bah-chī|Sing-bah-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/So Kiâ̤u-hā̤|So Kiâ̤u-hā̤]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Lî Se̍o-che̤ng|Lî Se̍o-che̤ng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/So Hui-hó̤ng|So Hui-hó̤ng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Tó-hói-chī|Tó-hói-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Hńg Sa̤̍-ge̍h|Hńg Sa̤̍-ge̍h]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dng Sēng-ci̍ng|Dng Sēng-ci̍ng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Sing-de̤h-gā̤ⁿ|Sing-de̤h-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dāⁿ Da̤u-ho̤ng|Dāⁿ Da̤u-ho̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Sṳ́ Hṳng-ṳ́ng|Sṳ́ Hṳng-ṳ́ng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Co Dēng-ṳ̂|Co Dēng-ṳ̂]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Sing-de̤h-chī|Sing-de̤h-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Co̤ng Gīng-díng|Co̤ng Gīng-díng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Go̤ Hó̤ng-ang|Go̤ Hó̤ng-ang]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Hó̤ Ci̍-ê̤ng|Hó̤ Ci̍-ê̤ng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Bá̤u-li̍h-gā̤ⁿ|Bá̤u-li̍h-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng Pîng-ang|Déng Pîng-ang]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ce̤ng Do̤ng-gîng|Ce̤ng Do̤ng-gîng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-de̤ng-chī|Dái-de̤ng-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Hó̤ Hṳng-seóng|Hó̤ Hṳng-seóng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gang Kâ̤-síng|Gang Kâ̤-síng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Áng Lā̤-huá|Áng Lā̤-huá]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Seo-hah Ciaⁿ-gī Dô̤ng|Seo-hah Ciaⁿ-gī Dô̤ng]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Cio̤ng-hua̍-gā̤ⁿ|Cio̤ng-hua̍-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng So̍-guā̤|Déng So̍-guā̤]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gūi Bíng-ci̍ng|Gūi Bíng-ci̍ng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ku Ge̤̍ng-hu̍|Ku Ge̤̍ng-hu̍]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Déng Dé̤ng-ga|Déng Dé̤ng-ga]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Náng-dáu-gā̤ⁿ|Náng-dáu-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Eong Sa̤̍-ci̍ng|Eong Sa̤̍-ci̍ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Hiô̤ Se̤h-huá (1975 néng)|Hiô̤ Se̤h-huá]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Eóng-líng-gā̤ⁿ|Eóng-líng-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Láu Ge̤̍ng-go̤h (Dái-uáng)|Láu Ge̤̍ng-go̤h]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dng Ga-geōng|Dng Ga-geōng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gó Bîng-hui|Gó Bîng-hui]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Líng Ga-cṳ́|Líng Ga-cṳ́]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ga-gī-gā̤ⁿ|Ga-gī-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Chua̍ Ī-ṳ́|Chua̍ Ī-ṳ́]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gó Pîng-cuē|Gó Pîng-cuē]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ga-gī-chī|Ga-gī-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ó̤ng Bî-hā̤|Ó̤ng Bî-hā̤]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dng Kâ̤-kâi|Dng Kâ̤-kâi]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-uáng Míng-cè̤ng Dô̤ng (2019 néng)|Dái-uáng Míng-cè̤ng Dô̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Hńg Hé̤ng-síng Dái-uáng A-síng Sa̤̍-ga̍i Ûi-cíng Cái-síng Cô̤ng-tô̤ng|Hńg Hé̤ng-síng Dái-uáng A-síng Sa̤̍-ga̍i Ûi-cíng Cái-síng Cô̤ng-tô̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Déng Kâi-hó̤ng|Déng Kâi-hó̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Ó̤ng Gī-síng|Ó̤ng Gī-síng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-náng-chī|Dái-náng-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng Déng-hi|Déng Déng-hi]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Siā Lé̤ng-ga̍i|Siā Lé̤ng-ga̍i]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Sa̤u Líng-áng|Sa̤u Líng-áng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-uáng SoR Bú-hah Dô̤ng|Dái-uáng SoR Bú-hah Dô̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ia̍h Náng-meóng|Ia̍h Náng-meóng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Go-hé̤ng-chī|Go-hé̤ng-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Luā Sūi-lé̤ng|Luā Sūi-lé̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Kua Ci̍-ṳng|Kua Ci̍-ṳng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dng Cīng|Dng Cīng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Seo-hah Gâi-geh Dô̤ng|Seo-hah Gâi-geh Dô̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ó̤ng Diā̤u-míng|Ó̤ng Diā̤u-míng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Áng Ho̤ng-lé̤ng|Áng Ho̤ng-lé̤ng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Bíng-dang-gā̤ⁿ|Bíng-dang-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ciu Cheong-bî|Ciu Cheong-bî]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/So Ching-sé̤ng|So Ching-sé̤ng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gí-láng-gā̤ⁿ|Gí-láng-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Líng Go̤h-chio̤ng|Líng Go̤h-chio̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gó Co̤ng-he̤̍ng (1971 néng)|Gó Co̤ng-he̤̍ng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng Hé̤ng-gī|Déng Hé̤ng-gī]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Liú Cha̍ng-hui|Liú Cha̍ng-hui]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Ió̤ng Î-déng|Ió̤ng Î-déng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Hua-léng-gā̤ⁿ|Hua-léng-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Iú Se̤h-ceng|Iú Se̤h-ceng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ló̤ bōi cíng|ló̤ bōi cíng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-uáng go̤ng dô̤ng|Dái-uáng go̤ng dô̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dng Ceo̍ng|Dng Ceo̍ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Gūi Ga-héng|Gūi Ga-héng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Dái-dang-gā̤ⁿ|Dái-dang-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng Ṳ́ng (1972 néng)|Déng Ṳ́ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gó Siu̍-huá|Gó Siu̍-huá]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Lî Gó Îng-di̍|Lî Gó Îng-di̍]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Liú Cāu-hó̤|Liú Cāu-hó̤]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Páⁿ-hó-gā̤ⁿ|Páⁿ-hó-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Gó Se̤h-gīng|Gó Se̤h-gīng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng Cîng-de̤ng (1963 néng)|Déng Cîng-de̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ciu Gá̤-uaⁿ|Ciu Gá̤-uaⁿ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Tái-léng Dô̤ng|Tái-léng Dô̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ia̍h De̤h-líng|Ia̍h De̤h-líng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Déng Cīng-che̤ng|Déng Cīng-che̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Hiô̤ Di̍-hu̍|Hiô̤ Di̍-hu̍]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ging-meóng-gā̤ⁿ|Ging-meóng-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Déng Ge̤̍h-ding (1973 néng)|Déng Ge̤̍h-ding]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Lî Meóng-lió̤ng|Lî Meóng-lió̤ng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Ná̤uⁿ Meóng-to̤|Ná̤uⁿ Meóng-to̤]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Dng Go̤h-ui|Dng Go̤h-ui]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Hó̤ng Sa̤̍-duáng|Hó̤ng Sa̤̍-duáng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Áng Gah-síng|Áng Gah-síng]]<br>[[Wp/cpx/Dng Bo̤̍h-hôi|Dng Bo̤̍h-hôi]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Léng-gang-gā̤ⁿ (De̤ng-huá Míng-go̤h)|Léng-gang-gā̤ⁿ]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Ó̤ng De̤ng-míng|Ó̤ng De̤ng-míng]] | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/cpx/Có̤ Cî-ngé̤ng|Có̤ Cî-ngé̤ng]] |- |} [[Category:Wp/cpx]] [[Category:Wp/cpx/Dái-uáng ē ci̍ng-dī]] {{INTERWIKI|Q136450556}} guifiyuz3pwlhv6ierjs3lpsw24b1q9 2 3777907 7374182 7373732 2026-10-25T12:26:13Z Ganjidvd 2540604 7374182 wikitext text/x-wiki == Stôria == === Fundaziõn === [[File:Foce del Bevano - panoramio (6).jpg|thumb|La boca de fiõn de' [[Wt/rgn/Dbãn|Dbãn]], ambiẽnt asarmiãnt a l'antiga [[Wp/rgn/Val Paduṣa|val Paduṣa]]]] I stugiuṣ dla stôria i n arivè miga a cnòsar in manira praciṣa la nàsita dla lucalitê prerumãna.<ref name="Mascanzoni" /><ref name="Deichmann">{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar|aut=Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ravenna_(Enciclopedia-dell'-Arte-Antica)/|tit=Ravenna|ann=1965}}</ref> Intignamôd, al piò antighi tistimugnãnz archeulögichi arvnudi al parmet ad mètar la presẽnza dj Òmbar int e' teritôri ravgnãn imãnc da e' V secul p. C., indò i staṣè infena a e' III secul p. C., cvãnd ch'u j fo i prem cuntët cun la [[Wp/rgn/Ziviltê rumãna|ziviltê rumãna]].<ref name="Mascanzoni">{{Wp/rgn/Zita lìvar|aut=Leardo Mascanzoni|tit=Ravenna: una storia millenaria|url=https://www.academia.edu/30201566/Ravenna_una_storia_millenaria|ann=1990|pag=3-50}}</ref> L'àrea de' teritôri ravgnãn l'ufrēva un ripêr naturêl, difati i su cunfẽn j ēra e' mêr Adriàtich a uriẽnt e la [[Wp/rgn/Val Paduṣa|val Paduṣa]] a ucidẽnt. La zitê l'ēra lighêda al cuntinẽnt a travērs d cvêlca möta d sabia.<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> === Stôria antiga === {{Wp/rgn/Coin image box 1 double|header=''Decanummium'' d Ravèna|hbkg=#abcdef|image=File:Decanummium Ravenna.jpg|caption_left=<span style="font-variant:small-caps">felix r avenna</span> tōrn'e' [[Wp/rgn/Parsunificaziõn naziunêla|bost rapreṣentativ]] d Ravèna|caption_right=Sigla dla zitê int e' mëẓ d una garlãnda|width=220|footer=530-539 d.C., [[Wp/rgn/Bronẓ|bronẓ]], 2,92 g|position=right|margin=0}} I prem cuntët tra la ziviltê rumãna e la zitê d Ravèna i suzidè zirca de 220 p.C. e i s distingvè sòbit pr' ësar d amizèzia. De II sēcul p.C. Ravèna la dvintè una zitê federêda dla [[Wp/rgn/Ripòblica rumãna|Ripòblica rumãna]]. La particulêra puṣiziõn geugràfica dla zitê la cunvinzè l imperatōr [[Wp/rgn/Gusto|Gusto]] a spustêr int la lucalitê d [[Wp/rgn/Clas|Clas]] una grãnda flöta militêra incarichêda d tnē d öc la sicureza dl intir ''[[Wp/rgn/Mare Nostrum|Mare Nostrum]]'' insẽn a cla ch'l'ēra int e' pôrt d [[Wp/rgn/Miseno (Bacoli)|Miseno]].<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> E' [[Wp/rgn/Civitas Classis|pôrt d Clas]] e' fo pu culeghê a e' Pò da la ''fösa d Gusto''.<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> De 402 l imperatōr [[Wp/rgn/Honorius|Honorius]] e' spustè da [[Wp/rgn/Milan|Milãn]] a Ravèna la su residẽnza par scapê dal minac de' suvrãn [[Wp/rgn/Viṣigot|viṣigot]] [[Wp/rgn/Alareiks|Alareiks]]. J imperatur dop i daṣè una grãnda spẽnta a l'edilezia religiōṣa e militêra e dop incōra u j s arẓunẓè un ṣvilop dj êrt dal figur par e' gvēran dla [[Wp/rgn/Galla Placidia|Galla Placidia]]. Epū la zitê d Ravèna la fo scuncasêda dal cuntenvi löt d cmãnd ch'i la cunduṣè a una carsãnta pērsita generêla d capitêl. La zitê l'à avū nẽnca da afruntêr e' fat naturêl de' sparfundamẽnt dla tëra ch'e' faṣè intarê la lagõna e e' faṣè dvintêr valẽna l'àrea e briṣa uṣàbil e' pôrt d Clas.<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> Ravèna l'armastè la residẽnza dl imperatōr infen'a e' 476, cvãnd ch'e' rè dj Èrul [[Wp/rgn/Odovacer|Odovacer]] e' cazè veja e' ẓōvan [[Wp/rgn/Romulus Augustus|Romulus Augustus]], e e' mantnè e' su dumẽn infen'a e' 493, cvãnd ch'e' [[Wp/rgn/Rè di Got|rè got]] [[Wp/rgn/Theoderīcus|Theoderīcus]] l'arivè.<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> Dvintêda capitêla de' [[Wp/rgn/Regn ostrogot|Regn ostrogot]], Ravèna la cnusè un tẽmp d fôrt ṣvilop, al mura al fo ṣlarghêdi, al palud al fo schêdi, tẽnt fabrichet religiuṣ i fo tirè so e agl'instalaziõn d ëpuca rumãna al fo ristruturêdi. Nẽnca un [[Wp/rgn/Palaz d Theoderīcus|nôv palaz reêl]] e fo inavgurê; int la su côrt e' spichè una masa d stugiuṣ coma [[Wp/rgn/Severinus Boethius|Severinus Boethius]], [[Wp/rgn/Cassiodorus|Cassiodorus]], [[Wp/rgn/Iordanes|Iordanes]] e [[Wp/rgn/Arator|Arator]].<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> === Stôria medievêla === {{Wp/rgn/Doppia immagine verticale|right|Sanvitale03.jpg|Sanvitale04.jpg|220||I musëich dl imperatōr [[Wp/rgn/Iustinianus I|Iustinianus I]] e la su moj [[Theodora (moj d Iustinianus)|Theodora]] int la [[Baṣelga d Sãn Vidêl (Ravèna)|baṣelga d Sãn Vidêl]]}} De 535 l imperatōr [[Wp/rgn/Iustinianus I|Iustinianus I]] e' dizidè d ricuparêr i terituri ucidentel dl Impēr. E' dichiarè gvëra ai Got, daṣend la maregia a e' generêl [[Wp/rgn/Belisarius|Belisarius]].<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> De 539 Ravèna la fo [[Wp/rgn/Asēgi d Ravèna (539-540)|asigêda]], avnend cuncvistêda l ãn dop. Dop la fẽn dla gvëra (553), la zitê la dvintè un impurtãnt zẽntar d scãmbi tra la cultura ucidentêla e cvela urientêla. Simbẽn ch'u j fos stêdi e' sparfundamẽnt dla tëra e una grêva arvẽna idrogeulògica, e' su antigh pôrt e' fo mantnū ativ.<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> Sota Iustinianus Ravèna la dvintè un arziviscuvêd e l imperatōr e' numinè arzivèscuv (e' prem dla stôria dla zitê) [[Wp/rgn/Maximianus|Maximianus]], un s-ciãn fidê a lò. Par e' su ministēri coma arzivèscuv, Maximianus e' faṣè dvintê la zitê un impurtãnt zẽntar culturêl dla Ciṣa, coma [[Wp/rgn/Roma|Röma]] e Custantinòpuli, inavgurend fabrichet impunẽnt coma la [[Wp/rgn/Baṣelga d Sãn Vidêl|baṣelga d Sãn Vidêl]] e favurend leteret coma [[Wp/rgn/Rusticius Helpidius Domnulus|Rusticius Helpidius Domnulus]] e [[Wp/rgn/Venantius Fortunatus|Venantius Fortunatus]].<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> La carsãnta impurtãnza e stēṣa dl'[[Wp/rgn/Arzidiòceṣi d Ravèna-Ziria|arzidiòceṣi d Ravèna]], cun una zērta avtunumeja e ṣgonda sōl a [[Wp/rgn/Diòceṣi d Röma|Röma]], la cunvinzè de 666 l imperatōr [[Wp/rgn/Custãnt II|Custãnt II]] a publichêr un privileg ch'e' garantēva a l'arziviscuvêd e' dumẽn tutêl ins l'[[Wp/rgn/Emelia-Rumagna|Emiglia-Rumãgna]].<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> L'indipendẽnza e la putẽnza dl'arzidiòceṣi d Ravèna al fo piò vôlt la raṣõn d coc cun e' Pêpa, sichè de 680 l arzivèscuv Theodorus e' dizidè d abandunê l avtunumeja da la [[Wp/rgn/Ciṣa catölica|Ciṣa d Röma]], cavṣend una sfilza d ribigliõn e un prugresiv indibulimẽnt de' dumẽn dl'arzivèscuv, ch'e' fo pu abulī de 751 cun la caduda dl eṣarchêt e l ariv de' [[Wp/rgn/Suvrẽn lunguberd|rè lungubêrd]] [[Aistulf]].<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> === Stôria mudērna === {{Wp/rgn/...}} === Stôria d incudè === {{Wp/rgn/...}}{{#invoke:Wp/rgn/ValWikidata|main|item=Q42|property=P106}} {{#invoke:Wp/rgn/ValWikidata|singolo|item=Q42|property=P106|numero=2}} {{Wp/rgn/DivAmmW|ITA|2L}} [[{{Wp/rgn/DivAmm/ITA|2L}}|{{Wp/rgn/DivAmm/ITA|2}}]] {{Wp/rgn/DivAmm/ITA|1L}} [[:en:Barack Obama|Barack Obama su Wikipedia in inglese]] {{Wp/rgn/Zita web |acc=1/1/2016|dat=3-12-2012|sit=symbl.cc|url=https://symbl.cc/it/1E93/|tit=Latina piccola lettera Z con punto sotto|aut=Pinco Pallino}} {{Wp/rgn/Sẽnza surẓẽnt|ciao a tutti.}} {{User:Ganjidvd/Sandbox/TemplateTest|Gra amm=3|Nom=Ravena|Tip=Cumon|Ban=ravenna.png|Ste=ravenna.jpg|Did ban=sds|Did ste=adasd|Img=Ravenna.jpg|Did=daf|Nom ufc=Comune di Ravenna|var=RO|Div sup=Pruvenza d Ravena|Ams=Barattoni|Cpl=df|Cap=sdfg|Pre=Giorgia|Len ufz=Itaglien|Elt len=Rumagnôl|Alt=0|Sup=43646|Abi=1232423|Den=445.8|Cun=Zirvia|Nom abi=ravgnen|Sit=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=cappelletti&title=Special%3AMediaSearch&type=image|Did map=mapa|Map=mapa.png|Sta=Itaglia|Data Abi=31-01-1999}}{{Wp/rgn/Bandira|SMR|var=SM}}{{Wp/rgn/Bandira|SMR}}ciao{{Wp/rgn/Sẽnza surẓẽnt}} {{Wp/rgn/Band div|ITA|Marche|1}}{{Wp/rgn/Band div|ITA|Toscana|1}}{{Wp/rgn/Band div|ITA|Ravenna|2}}{{Wp/rgn/Band div|ITA|Rovigo|2}} {{Wp/rgn/Band div|ITA|Bologna|2}} {{Wp/rgn/Databox|item=Q42}} {{Wp/rgn/Band div|ITA|Roma|3}} {{Wp/rgn/Zita lìvar|aut=Alberto Giovannini|tit=A voj imparê e' Rumagnôl|ann=2025|edi=Tempo al Libro|loc=[[Wp/rgn/Fënza|Fẽnza]]|vol=I|pag=114|isb=979-12-81307-40-7}} {{Wp/rgn/ClimaAnnuale | nome = Ravèna Punta Marẽna<br /><small>([[Wp/rgn/1947|1947]]-[[Wp/rgn/2026|2026]])</small> | tempassmax01 = 20.2 | annotempassmax01 = 1979 | tempassmax02 = 20.3 | annotempassmax02 = 2020 | tempassmax03 = 25.4 | annotempassmax03 = 1997 | tempassmax04 = 31.8 | annotempassmax04 = 2011 | tempassmax05 = 35.0 | annotempassmax05 = 2001 | tempassmax06 = 37.9 | annotempassmax06 = 2026 | tempassmax07 = 39.0 | annotempassmax07 = 2026 | tempassmax08 = 39.0 | annotempassmax08 = 1952 | tempassmax09 = 36.4 | annotempassmax09 = 2026 | tempassmax10 = 28.3 | annotempassmax10 = 2023 | tempassmax11 = 24.4 | annotempassmax11 = 2013 | tempassmax12 = 21.8 | annotempassmax12 = 1989 | tempassmin01 = −13.8 | annotempassmin01 = 1985 | tempassmin02 = −14.0 | annotempassmin02 = 1956 | tempassmin03 = −5.4 | annotempassmin03 = 2005 | tempassmin04 = −1.8 | annotempassmin04 = 2003 | tempassmin05 = 2.8 | annotempassmin05 = 1957 | tempassmin06 = 7.0 | annotempassmin06 = 1955 | tempassmin07 = 10.0 | annotempassmin07 = 1965 | tempassmin08 = 10.2 | annotempassmin08 = 1989 | tempassmin09 = 5.8 | annotempassmin09 = 1977 | tempassmin10 = 1.8 | annotempassmin10 = 1971 | tempassmin11 = −3.6 | annotempassmin11 = 1983 | tempassmin12 = −7.8 | annotempassmin12 = 1996 }} {{Wp/rgn/ClimaAnnuale | nome = Ravèna Punta Marẽna<br /><small>(1971-2000)</small> | tempmax01 = 6.2 | tempmax02 = 8.8 | tempmax03 = 12.7 | tempmax04 = 16.3 | tempmax05 = 21.7 | tempmax06 = 25.7 | tempmax07 = 28.7 | tempmax08 = 28.7 | tempmax09 = 24.5 | tempmax10 = 18.8 | tempmax11 = 11.6 | tempmax12 = 7.2 | tempmedia01 = 3.5 | tempmedia02 = 5.4 | tempmedia03 = 8.9 | tempmedia04 = 12.4 | tempmedia05 = 17.3 | tempmedia06 = 21.0 | tempmedia07 = 23.9 | tempmedia08 = 23.9 | tempmedia09 = 20.0 | tempmedia10 = 15.0 | tempmedia11 = 8.6 | tempmedia12 = 4.5 | tempmin01 = 0.8 | tempmin02 = 2.0 | tempmin03 = 5.0 | tempmin04 = 8.4 | tempmin05 = 12.8 | tempmin06 = 16.3 | tempmin07 = 19.0 | tempmin08 = 19.0 | tempmin09 = 15.5 | tempmin10 = 11.2 | tempmin11 = 5.6 | tempmin12 = 1.8 | pioggia01 = 32.8 | pioggia02 = 33.5 | pioggia03 = 46.5 | pioggia04 = 54.8 | pioggia05 = 42.9 | pioggia06 = 48.3 | pioggia07 = 37.8 | pioggia08 = 57.8 | pioggia09 = 69.1 | pioggia10 = 55.7 | pioggia11 = 64.5 | pioggia12 = 40.5 | giornipioggia01 = 5 | giornipioggia02 = 5 | giornipioggia03 = 6 | giornipioggia04 = 7 | giornipioggia05 = 7 | giornipioggia06 = 6 | giornipioggia07 = 4 | giornipioggia08 = 5 | giornipioggia09 = 6 | giornipioggia10 = 6 | giornipioggia11 = 7 | giornipioggia12 = 6 }} {{Wp/rgn/Infobox |TitoloInt = adf |StileTitoloInt = background-color: |Immagine = [[File:Italy.jpg|200px]] |StileGruppo = background-color: |Gruppo1 = |Nome1 = sad |Valore1 = asd |Gruppo2 = sfg |Nome2 = |Valore2 = |Gruppo3 = |Nome3 = sg |Valore3 = fd |Gruppo4 = [[File:Italy.jpg|200px]] |Nome4 = |Valore4 = |Gruppo5 = |Nome5 = |Valore5 = [[File:Ravenna.jpg|275px]] |Gruppo6 = |Nome6 = |Valore6 = |Gruppo7 = |Nome7 = |Valore7 = |Gruppo8 = |Nome8 = |Valore8 = |Gruppo9 = |Nome9 = |Valore9 = |Gruppo10 = |Nome10 = |Valore10 = |Gruppo11 = |Nome11 = |Valore11 = |Gruppo12 = |Nome12 = |Valore12 = |Gruppo13 = |Nome13 = |Valore13 = |Gruppo14 = |Nome14 = |Valore14 = |Gruppo15 = |Nome15 = |Valore15 = |Gruppo16 = |Nome16 = |Valore16 = |Gruppo17 = |Nome17 = |Valore17 = |Gruppo18 = |Nome18 = |Valore18 = |Gruppo19 = |Nome19 = |Valore19 = |Gruppo20 = |Nome20 = |Valore20 = |Ultima = |StileUltima = background-color: }} {{Wp/rgn/Navbox2 |name = Kasabian |title = [[Kasabian]] |state = collapsed |above = '''[[Sergio Pizzorno]]{{Wp/rgn/,}}Tim Carter{{Wp/rgn/,}}Chris Edwards{{Wp/rgn/,}}Ian Matthews'''<br>[[Christopher Karloff]]{{Wp/rgn/,}}[[Tom Meighan]] |group1 = Album |list1 = {{Wp/rgn/Navbox subgroup |groupstyle = background: #EEEEEE |group1 = Studio |list1 = ''[[Kasabian (album)|Kasabian]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Empire (album Kasabian)|Empire]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Velociraptor!]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[48:13]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[For Crying Out Loud]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[The Alchemist's Euphoria]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Happenings (Kasabian)|Happenings]]'' |group2 = Live |list2 = ''[[Live from Brixton Academy]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Live! - Live at The O2]]'' |group3 = Raccolte |list3 = ''[[The Albums]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Empire/West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Kasabian/Empire]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum/Velociraptor!]]'' }} |group2 = EP |list2 = ''[[iTunes Live: London Festival '07]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Fast Fuse]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Discover Kasabian]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[West Ryder EP]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[iTunes Live: London Festival '09 (Kasabian)|iTunes Live: London Festival '09]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[iTunes Live: London Festival '11]]'' |group3 = Singoli |list3 = ''[[Processed Beats|Processed Beats (demo)]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Reason Is Treason]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Club Foot]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[L.S.F.]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Processed Beats]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Cutt Off]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Club Foot|Club Foot/55]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Empire (singolo Kasabian)|Empire]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Shoot the Runner]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Me Plus One]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Fire (Kasabian)|Fire]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Where Did All the Love Go?]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Underdog (Kasabian)|Underdog]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Vlad the Impaler]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Days Are Forgotten]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Re-Wired]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Goodbye Kiss]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Man of Simple Pleasures]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[eez-eh]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[bumblebeee]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Bow (Kasabian)|bow]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[stevie (Kasabian)|stevie]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[You're in Love with a Psycho]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Comeback Kid (Kasabian)]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Are You Looking for Action?]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Ill Ray (The King)]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Bless This Acid House]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Alygatyr]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Scriptvre]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Chemicals (Kasabian)|Chemicals]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''The Wall''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''Strictly Old Skool''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''Algorithms''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''Call''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''Coming Back to Me Good'' |group4 = Singoli promozionali |list4 = ''[[Switchblade Smiles]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[explodes]]'' |below = '''[[Discografia dei Kasabian|Discografia]]''' }} gtp2813mwegm4fmxx3qz7w5pchaf8lk 7374239 7374182 2026-10-25T13:30:36Z Ganjidvd 2540604 /* Stôria medievêla */ 7374239 wikitext text/x-wiki == Stôria == === Fundaziõn === [[File:Foce del Bevano - panoramio (6).jpg|thumb|La boca de fiõn de' [[Wt/rgn/Dbãn|Dbãn]], ambiẽnt asarmiãnt a l'antiga [[Wp/rgn/Val Paduṣa|val Paduṣa]]]] I stugiuṣ dla stôria i n arivè miga a cnòsar in manira praciṣa la nàsita dla lucalitê prerumãna.<ref name="Mascanzoni" /><ref name="Deichmann">{{Wt/rgn/Zita lìvar|aut=Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ravenna_(Enciclopedia-dell'-Arte-Antica)/|tit=Ravenna|ann=1965}}</ref> Intignamôd, al piò antighi tistimugnãnz archeulögichi arvnudi al parmet ad mètar la presẽnza dj Òmbar int e' teritôri ravgnãn imãnc da e' V secul p. C., indò i staṣè infena a e' III secul p. C., cvãnd ch'u j fo i prem cuntët cun la [[Wp/rgn/Ziviltê rumãna|ziviltê rumãna]].<ref name="Mascanzoni">{{Wp/rgn/Zita lìvar|aut=Leardo Mascanzoni|tit=Ravenna: una storia millenaria|url=https://www.academia.edu/30201566/Ravenna_una_storia_millenaria|ann=1990|pag=3-50}}</ref> L'àrea de' teritôri ravgnãn l'ufrēva un ripêr naturêl, difati i su cunfẽn j ēra e' mêr Adriàtich a uriẽnt e la [[Wp/rgn/Val Paduṣa|val Paduṣa]] a ucidẽnt. La zitê l'ēra lighêda al cuntinẽnt a travērs d cvêlca möta d sabia.<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> === Stôria antiga === {{Wp/rgn/Coin image box 1 double|header=''Decanummium'' d Ravèna|hbkg=#abcdef|image=File:Decanummium Ravenna.jpg|caption_left=<span style="font-variant:small-caps">felix r avenna</span> tōrn'e' [[Wp/rgn/Parsunificaziõn naziunêla|bost rapreṣentativ]] d Ravèna|caption_right=Sigla dla zitê int e' mëẓ d una garlãnda|width=220|footer=530-539 d.C., [[Wp/rgn/Bronẓ|bronẓ]], 2,92 g|position=right|margin=0}} I prem cuntët tra la ziviltê rumãna e la zitê d Ravèna i suzidè zirca de 220 p.C. e i s distingvè sòbit pr' ësar d amizèzia. De II sēcul p.C. Ravèna la dvintè una zitê federêda dla [[Wp/rgn/Ripòblica rumãna|Ripòblica rumãna]]. La particulêra puṣiziõn geugràfica dla zitê la cunvinzè l imperatōr [[Wp/rgn/Gusto|Gusto]] a spustêr int la lucalitê d [[Wp/rgn/Clas|Clas]] una grãnda flöta militêra incarichêda d tnē d öc la sicureza dl intir ''[[Wp/rgn/Mare Nostrum|Mare Nostrum]]'' insẽn a cla ch'l'ēra int e' pôrt d [[Wp/rgn/Miseno (Bacoli)|Miseno]].<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> E' [[Wp/rgn/Civitas Classis|pôrt d Clas]] e' fo pu culeghê a e' Pò da la ''fösa d Gusto''.<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> De 402 l imperatōr [[Wp/rgn/Honorius|Honorius]] e' spustè da [[Wp/rgn/Milan|Milãn]] a Ravèna la su residẽnza par scapê dal minac de' suvrãn [[Wp/rgn/Viṣigot|viṣigot]] [[Wp/rgn/Alareiks|Alareiks]]. J imperatur dop i daṣè una grãnda spẽnta a l'edilezia religiōṣa e militêra e dop incōra u j s arẓunẓè un ṣvilop dj êrt dal figur par e' gvēran dla [[Wp/rgn/Galla Placidia|Galla Placidia]]. Epū la zitê d Ravèna la fo scuncasêda dal cuntenvi löt d cmãnd ch'i la cunduṣè a una carsãnta pērsita generêla d capitêl. La zitê l'à avū nẽnca da afruntêr e' fat naturêl de' sparfundamẽnt dla tëra ch'e' faṣè intarê la lagõna e e' faṣè dvintêr valẽna l'àrea e briṣa uṣàbil e' pôrt d Clas.<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> Ravèna l'armastè la residẽnza dl imperatōr infen'a e' 476, cvãnd ch'e' rè dj Èrul [[Wp/rgn/Odovacer|Odovacer]] e' cazè veja e' ẓōvan [[Wp/rgn/Romulus Augustus|Romulus Augustus]], e e' mantnè e' su dumẽn infen'a e' 493, cvãnd ch'e' [[Wp/rgn/Rè di Got|rè got]] [[Wp/rgn/Theoderīcus|Theoderīcus]] l'arivè.<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> Dvintêda capitêla de' [[Wp/rgn/Regn ostrogot|Regn ostrogot]], Ravèna la cnusè un tẽmp d fôrt ṣvilop, al mura al fo ṣlarghêdi, al palud al fo schêdi, tẽnt fabrichet religiuṣ i fo tirè so e agl'instalaziõn d ëpuca rumãna al fo ristruturêdi. Nẽnca un [[Wp/rgn/Palaz d Theoderīcus|nôv palaz reêl]] e fo inavgurê; int la su côrt e' spichè una masa d stugiuṣ coma [[Wp/rgn/Severinus Boethius|Severinus Boethius]], [[Wp/rgn/Cassiodorus|Cassiodorus]], [[Wp/rgn/Iordanes|Iordanes]] e [[Wp/rgn/Arator|Arator]].<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> === Stôria medievêla === {{Wp/rgn/Doppia immagine verticale|right|Sanvitale03.jpg|Sanvitale04.jpg|220||I musëich dl imperatōr [[Wp/rgn/Iustinianus I|Iustinianus I]] e la su moj [[Theodora (moj d Iustinianus)|Theodora]] int la [[Baṣelga d Sãn Vidêl (Ravèna)|baṣelga d Sãn Vidêl]]}} De 535 l imperatōr [[Wp/rgn/Iustinianus I|Iustinianus I]] e' dizidè d ricuparêr i terituri ucidentel dl Impēr. E' dichiarè gvëra ai Got, daṣend la maregia a e' generêl [[Wp/rgn/Belisarius|Belisarius]].<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> De 539 Ravèna la fo [[Wp/rgn/Asēgi d Ravèna (539-540)|asigêda]], avnend cuncvistêda l ãn dop. Dop la fẽn dla gvëra (553), la zitê la dvintè un impurtãnt zẽntar d scãmbi tra la cultura ucidentêla e cvela urientêla. Simbẽn ch'u j fos stêdi e' sparfundamẽnt dla tëra e una grêva arvẽna idrogeulògica, e' su antigh pôrt e' fo mantnū ativ.<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> Sota Iustinianus Ravèna la dvintè un arziviscuvêd e l imperatōr e' numinè arzivèscuv (e' prem dla stôria dla zitê) [[Wp/rgn/Maximianus|Maximianus]], un s-ciãn fidê a lò. Par e' su ministēri coma arzivèscuv, Maximianus e' faṣè dvintê la zitê un impurtãnt zẽntar culturêl dla Ciṣa, coma [[Wp/rgn/Roma|Röma]] e Custantinòpuli, inavgurend fabrichet impunẽnt coma la [[Wp/rgn/Baṣelga d Sãn Vidêl|baṣelga d Sãn Vidêl]] e favurend leteret coma [[Wp/rgn/Rusticius Helpidius Domnulus|Rusticius Helpidius Domnulus]] e [[Wp/rgn/Venantius Fortunatus|Venantius Fortunatus]].<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> La carsãnta impurtãnza e stēṣa dl'[[Wp/rgn/Arzidiòceṣi d Ravèna-Ziria|arzidiòceṣi d Ravèna]], cun una zērta avtunumeja e ṣgonda sōl a [[Wp/rgn/Diòceṣi d Röma|Röma]], la cunvinzè de 666 l imperatōr [[Wp/rgn/Custãnt II|Custãnt II]] a publichêr un privileg ch'e' garantēva a l'arziviscuvêd e' dumẽn tutêl ins l'[[Wp/rgn/Emelia-Rumagna|Emiglia-Rumãgna]].<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> L'indipendẽnza e la putẽnza dl'arzidiòceṣi d Ravèna al fo piò vôlt la raṣõn d coc cun e' Pêpa, sichè de 680 l arzivèscuv Theodorus e' dizidè d abandunê l avtunumeja da la [[Wp/rgn/Ciṣa catölica|Ciṣa d Röma]], cavṣend una sfilza d ribigliõn e un prugresiv indibulimẽnt de' dumẽn dl'arzivèscuv, ch'e' fo pu abulī de 751 cun la caduda dl eṣarchêt e l ariv de' [[Wp/rgn/Suvrẽn lunguberd|rè lungubêrd]] [[Wp/rgn/Aistulf|Aistulf]].<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> Cun la firma dla ''[[Wp/rgn/Promissio Carisiaca|Promissio Carisiaca]]'' de 754 la zitê la pasè sota e' cuntröl de' Pepa, mo j arzivèscuv, cun l'apög dla ristugrazì luchêla, i mantnè la ciṣa ravgnãna in pêrt indipendẽnta da cla rumãna. De 1313, par la sgnureja d [[Wp/rgn/Guido Novello da Polenta|Guido Novello da Polenta]], Ravèna la rizivè e' puvēta [[Wp/rgn/Dante Alighieri|Dante Alighieri]], ch'u j murè d [[Wp/rgn/Malêria|malêria]] de 1321.<ref name="Mascanzoni" /> === Stôria mudērna === {{Wp/rgn/...}} === Stôria d incudè === {{Wp/rgn/...}}{{#invoke:Wp/rgn/ValWikidata|main|item=Q42|property=P106}} {{#invoke:Wp/rgn/ValWikidata|singolo|item=Q42|property=P106|numero=2}} {{Wp/rgn/DivAmmW|ITA|2L}} [[{{Wp/rgn/DivAmm/ITA|2L}}|{{Wp/rgn/DivAmm/ITA|2}}]] {{Wp/rgn/DivAmm/ITA|1L}} [[:en:Barack Obama|Barack Obama su Wikipedia in inglese]] {{Wp/rgn/Zita web |acc=1/1/2016|dat=3-12-2012|sit=symbl.cc|url=https://symbl.cc/it/1E93/|tit=Latina piccola lettera Z con punto sotto|aut=Pinco Pallino}} {{Wp/rgn/Sẽnza surẓẽnt|ciao a tutti.}} {{User:Ganjidvd/Sandbox/TemplateTest|Gra amm=3|Nom=Ravena|Tip=Cumon|Ban=ravenna.png|Ste=ravenna.jpg|Did ban=sds|Did ste=adasd|Img=Ravenna.jpg|Did=daf|Nom ufc=Comune di Ravenna|var=RO|Div sup=Pruvenza d Ravena|Ams=Barattoni|Cpl=df|Cap=sdfg|Pre=Giorgia|Len ufz=Itaglien|Elt len=Rumagnôl|Alt=0|Sup=43646|Abi=1232423|Den=445.8|Cun=Zirvia|Nom abi=ravgnen|Sit=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=cappelletti&title=Special%3AMediaSearch&type=image|Did map=mapa|Map=mapa.png|Sta=Itaglia|Data Abi=31-01-1999}}{{Wp/rgn/Bandira|SMR|var=SM}}{{Wp/rgn/Bandira|SMR}}ciao{{Wp/rgn/Sẽnza surẓẽnt}} {{Wp/rgn/Band div|ITA|Marche|1}}{{Wp/rgn/Band div|ITA|Toscana|1}}{{Wp/rgn/Band div|ITA|Ravenna|2}}{{Wp/rgn/Band div|ITA|Rovigo|2}} {{Wp/rgn/Band div|ITA|Bologna|2}} {{Wp/rgn/Databox|item=Q42}} {{Wp/rgn/Band div|ITA|Roma|3}} {{Wp/rgn/Zita lìvar|aut=Alberto Giovannini|tit=A voj imparê e' Rumagnôl|ann=2025|edi=Tempo al Libro|loc=[[Wp/rgn/Fënza|Fẽnza]]|vol=I|pag=114|isb=979-12-81307-40-7}} {{Wp/rgn/ClimaAnnuale | nome = Ravèna Punta Marẽna<br /><small>([[Wp/rgn/1947|1947]]-[[Wp/rgn/2026|2026]])</small> | tempassmax01 = 20.2 | annotempassmax01 = 1979 | tempassmax02 = 20.3 | annotempassmax02 = 2020 | tempassmax03 = 25.4 | annotempassmax03 = 1997 | tempassmax04 = 31.8 | annotempassmax04 = 2011 | tempassmax05 = 35.0 | annotempassmax05 = 2001 | tempassmax06 = 37.9 | annotempassmax06 = 2026 | tempassmax07 = 39.0 | annotempassmax07 = 2026 | tempassmax08 = 39.0 | annotempassmax08 = 1952 | tempassmax09 = 36.4 | annotempassmax09 = 2026 | tempassmax10 = 28.3 | annotempassmax10 = 2023 | tempassmax11 = 24.4 | annotempassmax11 = 2013 | tempassmax12 = 21.8 | annotempassmax12 = 1989 | tempassmin01 = −13.8 | annotempassmin01 = 1985 | tempassmin02 = −14.0 | annotempassmin02 = 1956 | tempassmin03 = −5.4 | annotempassmin03 = 2005 | tempassmin04 = −1.8 | annotempassmin04 = 2003 | tempassmin05 = 2.8 | annotempassmin05 = 1957 | tempassmin06 = 7.0 | annotempassmin06 = 1955 | tempassmin07 = 10.0 | annotempassmin07 = 1965 | tempassmin08 = 10.2 | annotempassmin08 = 1989 | tempassmin09 = 5.8 | annotempassmin09 = 1977 | tempassmin10 = 1.8 | annotempassmin10 = 1971 | tempassmin11 = −3.6 | annotempassmin11 = 1983 | tempassmin12 = −7.8 | annotempassmin12 = 1996 }} {{Wp/rgn/ClimaAnnuale | nome = Ravèna Punta Marẽna<br /><small>(1971-2000)</small> | tempmax01 = 6.2 | tempmax02 = 8.8 | tempmax03 = 12.7 | tempmax04 = 16.3 | tempmax05 = 21.7 | tempmax06 = 25.7 | tempmax07 = 28.7 | tempmax08 = 28.7 | tempmax09 = 24.5 | tempmax10 = 18.8 | tempmax11 = 11.6 | tempmax12 = 7.2 | tempmedia01 = 3.5 | tempmedia02 = 5.4 | tempmedia03 = 8.9 | tempmedia04 = 12.4 | tempmedia05 = 17.3 | tempmedia06 = 21.0 | tempmedia07 = 23.9 | tempmedia08 = 23.9 | tempmedia09 = 20.0 | tempmedia10 = 15.0 | tempmedia11 = 8.6 | tempmedia12 = 4.5 | tempmin01 = 0.8 | tempmin02 = 2.0 | tempmin03 = 5.0 | tempmin04 = 8.4 | tempmin05 = 12.8 | tempmin06 = 16.3 | tempmin07 = 19.0 | tempmin08 = 19.0 | tempmin09 = 15.5 | tempmin10 = 11.2 | tempmin11 = 5.6 | tempmin12 = 1.8 | pioggia01 = 32.8 | pioggia02 = 33.5 | pioggia03 = 46.5 | pioggia04 = 54.8 | pioggia05 = 42.9 | pioggia06 = 48.3 | pioggia07 = 37.8 | pioggia08 = 57.8 | pioggia09 = 69.1 | pioggia10 = 55.7 | pioggia11 = 64.5 | pioggia12 = 40.5 | giornipioggia01 = 5 | giornipioggia02 = 5 | giornipioggia03 = 6 | giornipioggia04 = 7 | giornipioggia05 = 7 | giornipioggia06 = 6 | giornipioggia07 = 4 | giornipioggia08 = 5 | giornipioggia09 = 6 | giornipioggia10 = 6 | giornipioggia11 = 7 | giornipioggia12 = 6 }} {{Wp/rgn/Infobox |TitoloInt = adf |StileTitoloInt = background-color: |Immagine = [[File:Italy.jpg|200px]] |StileGruppo = background-color: |Gruppo1 = |Nome1 = sad |Valore1 = asd |Gruppo2 = sfg |Nome2 = |Valore2 = |Gruppo3 = |Nome3 = sg |Valore3 = fd |Gruppo4 = [[File:Italy.jpg|200px]] |Nome4 = |Valore4 = |Gruppo5 = |Nome5 = |Valore5 = [[File:Ravenna.jpg|275px]] |Gruppo6 = |Nome6 = |Valore6 = |Gruppo7 = |Nome7 = |Valore7 = |Gruppo8 = |Nome8 = |Valore8 = |Gruppo9 = |Nome9 = |Valore9 = |Gruppo10 = |Nome10 = |Valore10 = |Gruppo11 = |Nome11 = |Valore11 = |Gruppo12 = |Nome12 = |Valore12 = |Gruppo13 = |Nome13 = |Valore13 = |Gruppo14 = |Nome14 = |Valore14 = |Gruppo15 = |Nome15 = |Valore15 = |Gruppo16 = |Nome16 = |Valore16 = |Gruppo17 = |Nome17 = |Valore17 = |Gruppo18 = |Nome18 = |Valore18 = |Gruppo19 = |Nome19 = |Valore19 = |Gruppo20 = |Nome20 = |Valore20 = |Ultima = |StileUltima = background-color: }} {{Wp/rgn/Navbox2 |name = Kasabian |title = [[Kasabian]] |state = collapsed |above = '''[[Sergio Pizzorno]]{{Wp/rgn/,}}Tim Carter{{Wp/rgn/,}}Chris Edwards{{Wp/rgn/,}}Ian Matthews'''<br>[[Christopher Karloff]]{{Wp/rgn/,}}[[Tom Meighan]] |group1 = Album |list1 = {{Wp/rgn/Navbox subgroup |groupstyle = background: #EEEEEE |group1 = Studio |list1 = ''[[Kasabian (album)|Kasabian]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Empire (album Kasabian)|Empire]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Velociraptor!]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[48:13]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[For Crying Out Loud]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[The Alchemist's Euphoria]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Happenings (Kasabian)|Happenings]]'' |group2 = Live |list2 = ''[[Live from Brixton Academy]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Live! - Live at The O2]]'' |group3 = Raccolte |list3 = ''[[The Albums]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Empire/West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Kasabian/Empire]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum/Velociraptor!]]'' }} |group2 = EP |list2 = ''[[iTunes Live: London Festival '07]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Fast Fuse]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Discover Kasabian]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[West Ryder EP]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[iTunes Live: London Festival '09 (Kasabian)|iTunes Live: London Festival '09]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[iTunes Live: London Festival '11]]'' |group3 = Singoli |list3 = ''[[Processed Beats|Processed Beats (demo)]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Reason Is Treason]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Club Foot]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[L.S.F.]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Processed Beats]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Cutt Off]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Club Foot|Club Foot/55]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Empire (singolo Kasabian)|Empire]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Shoot the Runner]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Me Plus One]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Fire (Kasabian)|Fire]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Where Did All the Love Go?]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Underdog (Kasabian)|Underdog]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Vlad the Impaler]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Days Are Forgotten]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Re-Wired]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Goodbye Kiss]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Man of Simple Pleasures]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[eez-eh]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[bumblebeee]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Bow (Kasabian)|bow]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[stevie (Kasabian)|stevie]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[You're in Love with a Psycho]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Comeback Kid (Kasabian)]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Are You Looking for Action?]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Ill Ray (The King)]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Bless This Acid House]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Alygatyr]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Scriptvre]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[Chemicals (Kasabian)|Chemicals]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''The Wall''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''Strictly Old Skool''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''Algorithms''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''Call''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''Coming Back to Me Good'' |group4 = Singoli promozionali |list4 = ''[[Switchblade Smiles]]''{{Wp/rgn/,}}''[[explodes]]'' |below = '''[[Discografia dei Kasabian|Discografia]]''' }} tr9a2gy7xu3t6dh0qqc2fscwqvimlhh 0 3780886 7374280 7333442 2026-10-25T14:29:29Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* */ 7374280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrg/Infobox person |name=Mohi Sondro Miri |image=Mahi Miri public domain photo.jpg |birth_date=Dítag 1903 |birth_place=[[Wp/mrg/Kherkota|Kherkota]], [[Wp/mrg/Dhokuakhana|Dhokuakhana]] |death_date=Dítag 1939 |education=[[Wp/mrg/Koton Kolej|Koton Kolej]] B.Sc. (Bachelor of Science) |spouse=[[Wp/mrg/Indira Miri|India Miri]] (Senapoti) |birth_name=Mohi Sondro Miri (Pa:tír) |nationality=Bharotiyo |occupation=Ohom sok Gerpongarné Si:lung Ka:sí: Migom |children=[[Wp/mrg/Utpol Miri|Utpol Miri]], Sopola Miri, [[Wp/mrg/Mrinal Miri|Mrinal Miri]]|father=Dole: Miri (Pa:tír) |mother=Ponsomi Miri (Pa:tír) }} '''Mohi Sondro Miri''' (Ingraji: Mahi Chandra Miri) bí méngésunam [[Wp/mrg/Mising tani|Mising tani]] ko. "''Kaziranga National Park"'' odokké odo du:né a:réng asongongko kané sorog (One horned rhino)ém mo:píso kangkinsu:boné tanidé Mohi Sondro Miri bí. <ref name=":0">{{Wp/mrg/Cite web|url=https://northeastindiawiki.wordpress.com/2020/07/18/brief-biography-of-mahi-patir-miri-the-pioneer-of-kaziranga-national-park/|title=Brief biography of Mahi Miri (Pa:tír): The Pioneer of Kaziranga National Park|author=Tridip Patir|publication-date=18 July 2020|accessdate=19 Jun 2026}}</ref> == Onam == Dítag 1903 do Mahi Sondro Miri mé Dhokuakhana Kherkota lok Alimur do:lu:do otagai.<ref name=":0" /> Tekeliphuta kéra:pé du:né édé do:lu:dém Alimur Pa:tír do:lung émdungai. Bík abu ké aminém Dole: Pa:tír émtagai. Dole: Miri bí né:ngém aumko la:tagai. Buluk aminé– Ponsomi, Lí:dam, Gudoli. Dole: kéla: Ponsomi:ké ommang kídí:dé– Domboru, Mahi, Omit, Tíkjiri; Dole: kéla: Lí:dam ké ommang kídí:dé– Deubor, Montubor, Obaram, Rojoni (Rajen), Suren; Dole: kéla: Gudoli:ké ommang kídí:dé– Dhonsing, Babulal, Lolit, Potila, Mínka, Aroli, Néngoi. Lédupé Dole: Pa:tír bí Alimur dokké Moukhuwa do:lu:pé gi:pakka. Mahi Miri ké aro opíndé Pa:tíré (Gu:mín- ) Ingrajé Pa:tír émma:pé Miri émna atkolok édé opíndé lédupésin du:yarkang, Miri émna. Abaya:dé ‘Pa:tír’ émna addag. <ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipak Kumar Doley|title=Mitpan la:ma:nam Mising Tani:|pages=18-19|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Porinam == Aíké do:lung Pobug Pogo do Mahi Sondro Miri bí ponamém poropka. Bí pokolok appíngém aiyadagai, bík poko ape:lo. Pongkog ponamém Sibsagorro porila metrig dém Dibison-I pa:la pokurka. Lédupé bí dítag 1927 do Koton Kolej lokké B.Sc.dém pokurka. B.Sc. pokurnam lédupé bí APSC Anka:mínsu Porika bila AFSpé ikang. Mahi Sondro Miri bí Forest Officelo migom agerém gertu:la LLB porika. Lédupé migomé bím 'Rengoonlok Forest University' lo dítag annyiko poridopé mélíkka. Dítag annyido bí bík ponamém aiyo:pé pongapka. Mahi Sondro Miri bí Mising réngamlok B.Sc. pa:s-po:né.<ref name=":1" /> == Réngam ager gernam == Mahi Sondro Miri bí pola du:do dokkébo réngam agerém gerdungai. Poko lokké aíké do:lu:pé gíkumílo do:lung réngamém napí-naré:pé du:nam agomém luyirra aídé:sin agerém gerra mopu:bola léngkandungai. Dítag 1924 dok Ujoni Gejera do:lu:do ba:nam "Hodou Ohom Miri Sonmilon"(lédupé Mising Ba:né Kébang) dok léga:pé Saru Sondro Dole:ké lédulo bí ardapé agerém gerboka. Dítag 1928 dok Namghoriya:lo ba:nam 'Hodou Ohom Miri Honmilondo' bí kébang abupé ila kébangém ba:boka. Dítag 1928-29 do ‘Simon Commission’é Bharot so:pé gíla Bharotsok ngasod kídí:dém kanggo:dodém Ohomsok lédu dungkutsula du:né réngamkídí:dok ainam légangé do:rí bikolo édé adídok me:ta ya:me Mahi Sondro Miri bí Sunadhor Senapoti, Nilokanto Hajorika buluk lédulo Mising léga:pé gímínka.<ref name=":1" /> ==Midang== Dítag 1932 do tadgénam Sunadhor Senapoti ké omé Indira Senapoti ké lédulo Mahi Sondro Miri bí midangém moka. Bínyikké omma:ngé aumko– Utpol, Sopola la: Mrinal bulu. Ru:néké ru:namé– midang lédupé Mahi Sondro Miri la: Indira Miri bí dítag kínídongko turjonsupa:to. Mahi Sondro Miri bí 37-turgo dítaggongko turge:la Ui amo:pé gíkangku. Lédupé bínyik ommang aumdé bottépé porila tadgénam migom agerém gerra érangém amin gímoto. Indira Miri bí lédupé NEFAlo Kin-go ru:tumpé agerém gerra étpang, sí:lung, abungém gíbadla ponamém kinsuma:né réngam ara:lo porinamlok agomém luyirra anu píangém pía:moka.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Wp/mrg/Cite web|url=https://mishingrenaissance.blogspot.com/2008/11/man-behind-kaziranga-national-parkmahi.html?m=1|title=The Man Behind Kaziranga National Park: Mahi Chandra Miri|publication-date=13 Nobembor 2008|accessdate=19 Jun 2026|author=Ramani Kanta Deka}}</ref> ==Migom ager gernam== BSc.dém pokurnam lédupé AFS ankangém pa:sla Muhi Sondro Miri:bí migom agerém Forest Dept.lo gerropka. Migomé bím Rangoon lok Forest Universitylo dítag annyikopé ka:yir-geryir sudopé mélíkka. Ponamém pongabla gíladlangkula bí Extra Assistant Conservator of Forest Officerpé agerém Guwahati:lo gerropka. Lédupé migomé bím Kajironga lo:pé agerém tosonsuka. Mo:písok mo:jíglo Kajironga amindém gía:té:monédé Muhi Sondro Miri:bí. Tapad, tamig, tabí, simín-sike:lok du:téngé émna édé adído Kajironga amindém tadlai se:kosin odopé gílí:mangai. Muhi Sondro Miri:bí Kajirongalok Bagori:lo migom agerém gerdom odok du:né a:réng asongo:ko kané Sorogém ka:sí: mosí:nam légangé aipé ménggabla ardapé agerém gerdungai. Bík édémpé gernamdok lédupé Sorog kangkolo Kajirongapé anin-mo:té:lokké gígo:né aipé gía:dungai. Adílo Kajirongalokkém bím Jurhatpé agerém tosonka. Lédupé lékoda Gulaghat mo:dumdo:pé agerém tolíg kaku. Gulaghatlo migom agerém gerra du:dom yumékoném botténé ésar-podongé pa:la lambém ísíngé dírkomla yumé yumbu:dém sí:lung ara:do du:pa:to. Rokondém yumrang ara:dokké gílenlangkula migom okumdo:pé píngkunam lédupé édé adídok ka:la ka:píd la:ma:nam ramnamdé bíkké amírdo ramsangkang. Éddíko kinamém ka:la:sin bím ka:píd la:tomang.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Sinam == Ramnamé rambadla 37 dítakko idodém Muhi Sondro Miri:bí dítag 1939 dok 29 Julai Ru:nyi longédo Ui amo:pé gíkangku. Aipé ardané, ponamloksin amin gígéné Muhi Sondro Miri:ké lo:tu:pé sinamdé réngamém airu:pé mé:dírmoto.<ref name=":1" /> == Ka:yi:sunam == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] {{INTERWIKI|Q17496565}} gx9dlv5izhf1kfwa2asyjm9kxdi7b2d 7374283 7374280 2026-10-25T14:30:41Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Sinam */ 7374283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrg/Infobox person |name=Mohi Sondro Miri |image=Mahi Miri public domain photo.jpg |birth_date=Dítag 1903 |birth_place=[[Wp/mrg/Kherkota|Kherkota]], [[Wp/mrg/Dhokuakhana|Dhokuakhana]] |death_date=Dítag 1939 |education=[[Wp/mrg/Koton Kolej|Koton Kolej]] B.Sc. (Bachelor of Science) |spouse=[[Wp/mrg/Indira Miri|India Miri]] (Senapoti) |birth_name=Mohi Sondro Miri (Pa:tír) |nationality=Bharotiyo |occupation=Ohom sok Gerpongarné Si:lung Ka:sí: Migom |children=[[Wp/mrg/Utpol Miri|Utpol Miri]], Sopola Miri, [[Wp/mrg/Mrinal Miri|Mrinal Miri]]|father=Dole: Miri (Pa:tír) |mother=Ponsomi Miri (Pa:tír) }} '''Mohi Sondro Miri''' (Ingraji: Mahi Chandra Miri) bí méngésunam [[Wp/mrg/Mising tani|Mising tani]] ko. "''Kaziranga National Park"'' odokké odo du:né a:réng asongongko kané sorog (One horned rhino)ém mo:píso kangkinsu:boné tanidé Mohi Sondro Miri bí. <ref name=":0">{{Wp/mrg/Cite web|url=https://northeastindiawiki.wordpress.com/2020/07/18/brief-biography-of-mahi-patir-miri-the-pioneer-of-kaziranga-national-park/|title=Brief biography of Mahi Miri (Pa:tír): The Pioneer of Kaziranga National Park|author=Tridip Patir|publication-date=18 July 2020|accessdate=19 Jun 2026}}</ref> == Onam == Dítag 1903 do Mahi Sondro Miri mé Dhokuakhana Kherkota lok Alimur do:lu:do otagai.<ref name=":0" /> Tekeliphuta kéra:pé du:né édé do:lu:dém Alimur Pa:tír do:lung émdungai. Bík abu ké aminém Dole: Pa:tír émtagai. Dole: Miri bí né:ngém aumko la:tagai. Buluk aminé– Ponsomi, Lí:dam, Gudoli. Dole: kéla: Ponsomi:ké ommang kídí:dé– Domboru, Mahi, Omit, Tíkjiri; Dole: kéla: Lí:dam ké ommang kídí:dé– Deubor, Montubor, Obaram, Rojoni (Rajen), Suren; Dole: kéla: Gudoli:ké ommang kídí:dé– Dhonsing, Babulal, Lolit, Potila, Mínka, Aroli, Néngoi. Lédupé Dole: Pa:tír bí Alimur dokké Moukhuwa do:lu:pé gi:pakka. Mahi Miri ké aro opíndé Pa:tíré (Gu:mín- ) Ingrajé Pa:tír émma:pé Miri émna atkolok édé opíndé lédupésin du:yarkang, Miri émna. Abaya:dé ‘Pa:tír’ émna addag. <ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipak Kumar Doley|title=Mitpan la:ma:nam Mising Tani:|pages=18-19|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Porinam == Aíké do:lung Pobug Pogo do Mahi Sondro Miri bí ponamém poropka. Bí pokolok appíngém aiyadagai, bík poko ape:lo. Pongkog ponamém Sibsagorro porila metrig dém Dibison-I pa:la pokurka. Lédupé bí dítag 1927 do Koton Kolej lokké B.Sc.dém pokurka. B.Sc. pokurnam lédupé bí APSC Anka:mínsu Porika bila AFSpé ikang. Mahi Sondro Miri bí Forest Officelo migom agerém gertu:la LLB porika. Lédupé migomé bím 'Rengoonlok Forest University' lo dítag annyiko poridopé mélíkka. Dítag annyido bí bík ponamém aiyo:pé pongapka. Mahi Sondro Miri bí Mising réngamlok B.Sc. pa:s-po:né.<ref name=":1" /> == Réngam ager gernam == Mahi Sondro Miri bí pola du:do dokkébo réngam agerém gerdungai. Poko lokké aíké do:lu:pé gíkumílo do:lung réngamém napí-naré:pé du:nam agomém luyirra aídé:sin agerém gerra mopu:bola léngkandungai. Dítag 1924 dok Ujoni Gejera do:lu:do ba:nam "Hodou Ohom Miri Sonmilon"(lédupé Mising Ba:né Kébang) dok léga:pé Saru Sondro Dole:ké lédulo bí ardapé agerém gerboka. Dítag 1928 dok Namghoriya:lo ba:nam 'Hodou Ohom Miri Honmilondo' bí kébang abupé ila kébangém ba:boka. Dítag 1928-29 do ‘Simon Commission’é Bharot so:pé gíla Bharotsok ngasod kídí:dém kanggo:dodém Ohomsok lédu dungkutsula du:né réngamkídí:dok ainam légangé do:rí bikolo édé adídok me:ta ya:me Mahi Sondro Miri bí Sunadhor Senapoti, Nilokanto Hajorika buluk lédulo Mising léga:pé gímínka.<ref name=":1" /> ==Midang== Dítag 1932 do tadgénam Sunadhor Senapoti ké omé Indira Senapoti ké lédulo Mahi Sondro Miri bí midangém moka. Bínyikké omma:ngé aumko– Utpol, Sopola la: Mrinal bulu. Ru:néké ru:namé– midang lédupé Mahi Sondro Miri la: Indira Miri bí dítag kínídongko turjonsupa:to. Mahi Sondro Miri bí 37-turgo dítaggongko turge:la Ui amo:pé gíkangku. Lédupé bínyik ommang aumdé bottépé porila tadgénam migom agerém gerra érangém amin gímoto. Indira Miri bí lédupé NEFAlo Kin-go ru:tumpé agerém gerra étpang, sí:lung, abungém gíbadla ponamém kinsuma:né réngam ara:lo porinamlok agomém luyirra anu píangém pía:moka.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Wp/mrg/Cite web|url=https://mishingrenaissance.blogspot.com/2008/11/man-behind-kaziranga-national-parkmahi.html?m=1|title=The Man Behind Kaziranga National Park: Mahi Chandra Miri|publication-date=13 Nobembor 2008|accessdate=19 Jun 2026|author=Ramani Kanta Deka}}</ref> ==Migom ager gernam== BSc.dém pokurnam lédupé AFS ankangém pa:sla Muhi Sondro Miri:bí migom agerém Forest Dept.lo gerropka. Migomé bím Rangoon lok Forest Universitylo dítag annyikopé ka:yir-geryir sudopé mélíkka. Ponamém pongabla gíladlangkula bí Extra Assistant Conservator of Forest Officerpé agerém Guwahati:lo gerropka. Lédupé migomé bím Kajironga lo:pé agerém tosonsuka. Mo:písok mo:jíglo Kajironga amindém gía:té:monédé Muhi Sondro Miri:bí. Tapad, tamig, tabí, simín-sike:lok du:téngé émna édé adído Kajironga amindém tadlai se:kosin odopé gílí:mangai. Muhi Sondro Miri:bí Kajirongalok Bagori:lo migom agerém gerdom odok du:né a:réng asongo:ko kané Sorogém ka:sí: mosí:nam légangé aipé ménggabla ardapé agerém gerdungai. Bík édémpé gernamdok lédupé Sorog kangkolo Kajirongapé anin-mo:té:lokké gígo:né aipé gía:dungai. Adílo Kajirongalokkém bím Jurhatpé agerém tosonka. Lédupé lékoda Gulaghat mo:dumdo:pé agerém tolíg kaku. Gulaghatlo migom agerém gerra du:dom yumékoném botténé ésar-podongé pa:la lambém ísíngé dírkomla yumé yumbu:dém sí:lung ara:do du:pa:to. Rokondém yumrang ara:dokké gílenlangkula migom okumdo:pé píngkunam lédupé édé adídok ka:la ka:píd la:ma:nam ramnamdé bíkké amírdo ramsangkang. Éddíko kinamém ka:la:sin bím ka:píd la:tomang.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Sinam == Ramnamé rambadla 37 dítakko idodém Muhi Sondro Miri:bí dítag 1939, 29 Julai Ru:nyi longédo Ui amo:pé gíkangku. Aipé ardané, ponamloksin amin gígéné Muhi Sondro Miri:ké lo:tu:pé sinamdé réngamém airu:pé mé:dírmoto.<ref name=":1" /> == Ka:yi:sunam == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] {{INTERWIKI|Q17496565}} 78n6ze116f15kq9vz59mfyxzyk7i67u 0 3781406 7374285 7360918 2026-10-25T14:34:52Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Aman pa:nam */ 7374285 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Onam== Murkongselek Tari Ro:dong do:lu:do dítag 1935, 25 Agosto longédo Sorbanondo Medokmé otagai. Bík abudok aminém Lidhor Medok odokké anédok aminém Karsoli Koman Medok émtagai. Lidhor Medokbí Phuldoi Pa:itmé e:me:pé langka. Bulukké ommangkídí:dé– Umanondo, Umaboti, Sorbanondo, Iraboti, Bilat, Sotyo, Amoraboti, Sitra la: Kedar bulu. <ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipok Kr. Dole:|title=MITPANLA:MA:NAM MISING TANI:|pages=115-116|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Porinam == Murkongselek Tari L.P. la: M.E. Pokodo Sorbanondo Medokbí ponamém porika. Yírman-so:maném mé:boné Sorbanondo Medokbí Ape: X do:pé popíng ge:la poyirnépé agerém gerka.<ref name=":1" /> == Poyirnépé ager gernam == Sorbanondo Medokbí dítag 1958-59 do Jonai Bojar Pobug Pokodo poyirnépé ika. Odok lédupé Dítag 1960-62 do Kemi Do:lung Pobug Pokodo poyirnépé agerém gerka. Édé pokodo poyirnépé ila du:dodém bí Oyan do:lu:dok Miladoi Pa:itmé ka:líg sula dítag annyikopé magbo dukka.<ref name=":1" /> == Midang == Dítag 1963 do érangé da:ro midangém mola Oyan do:lu:dok ni:tom mojo:la makso: so:jo:né Miladoi Pa:itmé Sorbanondo Medokképé la:bika. Mida: monam lédupé poyirné agerém mépagla bulu Jonai Bojar kéra:do okumém mola dungkang. Bínyikké ommangkídí:dé– Hiren, Monju, Nipen, Dipti, Sontush la: Bubul bulu. Buluk éra:dé dírbí mé:boné érangai. <ref name=":1" /> == Réngam ager == Jonai Bojar Gau Ponsayot dok abupé ila Sorbanondo Medokbí réngam agerém gerka. Bíkké turjon ajon Miladoi Medok bí po:pélokkébo ilen-siyang agerém aipé gerjo:dagai. Bínyi Murkong selek Kristi Kéba:lokképé ila sí:sa:né opeyém makso: so:nam, dumdum mannam, ni:tom monamém geryirka. Adí adílo buluk so:man ope:dé Kolkata, Mumbai, Monipur, Shilong, Orunasol Prodeshlo Mising so:nam so:maném léngkanna aipé ainé aminém pangka. Buluk so:man ope:dé Mising Ba:né Kébang, Ohom Hahityo Hobha, Mising Agom Kébang bangkolo goglígnam dírbí ope:pé ila gíla bangkí bangkí Mising so:maném léngkan songkanna Mising dírbílok mirémnamém kinmodungai. Dítag 1971, 26 Januari ‘Republic Day’ taru:do Sorbanondo Medokké gígébonamkokki Delhi:lo Mising so:maném léngkanka. Buluk ope:dém ka:né réngamé mé:líksula aipé luyumka. Dítag 1981 do Kolkatalo, dítag 1988 do Mumbailo ‘Apna Utsav’ taru:lo buluk ope:dé Mising so:namém so:la léngkanka. Sorbanondo Medok bí aipé dumdumém manjo:dagai. Bí ni:tomémsin mojo: dagai. Gamig, Ni:tom Doksiri, Pakkom, Migang, Muksub kesed kídí:do bí ni:tomém molíkka.<ref name=":1" /> == Aman pa:nam == Dírbí légangé ager gernamém mé:yumsula migomé dítag 2001 do Sorbanondo Medokmé ‘Bishnu Rabha’ aman, dítag 2002 do ‘Mo:pun Penson’ amankokki toyumka. ‘Sons of Abotani: The Misings’ dok so:namé la: ni:tom légangé bím 39né ‘National Film Festival’do ‘Sworno Komol’ amaném bila toyumka.<ref name=":1" /> == Sinam == Mising dírbém írga:boné Sorbanondo Medokké ékéré aima:pé iya:la dítag 2011, 8 Disembor longédo érangém, réngamém mépagla bí Ui amo:pé gíkangku. Bíkké amírdém réngamé kumtérsula Jonailok aíké amo:do kangkano:pé mésíngka.<ref name=":1" /> == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] ctaqaz9rkll91sgpvczxz93x6wi1n55 0 3781409 7374274 7351384 2026-10-25T14:24:54Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Midang */ 7374274 wikitext text/x-wiki "Réngam légangé ager gerrí:mílo asina:ngé mé:jo: pa:yé. Amiké tatkipé lunamémsin tadrasula:pa:yé. Lékoném torpésin lupa:yé." Édémpé lula réngam ager gerné tani: kídí:dok ara:lo Lombudor Dole:ké aminsé ménggappénam aminko. Miga:né asin géné taniyé érang agerro, réngam agerro aíé daggéla agerém gerredbodag émnam agomdé arro. Édém lukan léngkanbiné amikai Jurhat Bahpholadok Lombudor Dole:bí.<ref name=":1" /> ==Onam== Lombudor Dole:mé dítag 1936, 6 Mars longédo Jurhat mo:dumdok Bahphola do:lu:do otagai. Bík abudok aminém Gorokhiya Dole: odokké anédok aminém Tuloki Dole: émtagai. Bínyikké auwo annyikai– Lombudor la: Ba:dam bínyi. Ommésin annyikai– Kameswori la: Bamuni bínyi.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipok Kr. Dole:|title=MITPANLA:MA:NAM MISING TANI:|pages=124-127|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Midang == Lombudor Dole:képé érangé Bahphola do:lu:dok Boga Pe:guké la: Dumuni Pe:guké omé Memsi Pe:gumé midangém mola la:bika Dítag 1960 do. Bínyik aokídí:dé- Nobo Kumar, Debokanto, Sondrojit, Biswojit, Pronob bulu. Ommé appi:kai. Buluk aminé-Onjona, Usha, Dipti, Kuin.<ref name=":1" /> == Ponam == Lombudor Dole:bí Bahphola Pobug Pokodo ponamém poropka. Bík pobug ponamém Ape: III do pola du:dodém bagémpé abudé sila:yam ngasodé angkang. Édé ngasod ara:dokké dítag 1954 do pobug ponamém pongabla M.E. ponamém porika Kolbari:do du:né Hemsondro Traibel M.E. Iskuldo. Dítag 1957 do M.E. ponamém pongabge:la bí Dergau Gobt. Hai Iskuldo porika. Édé pokodé mo:té:badla:yam do:lu:dok anindo molennam Namdeuri Hai Iskuldo bí porikaku. Dítag 1962 do Lombudor Dole:bi metrigdém pokurka. Bottépé porilí: daggom bi murkong ngasod kokki poyirnépé agerém gerropka. Poyirnépé agerém gerra du: dodo dítag 1964-65 do Nogau mo:dumdok Samoguri Besik Treining Sentardokké poyirné geryirsunam anka: dém aiyangarpé pa:ska. Migom agerém gerra asutkopé murkongém mokumsuge:la polangkula dítag 1965 do Jurhat Kolejdokké praibetpé P.U.dém, dítag 1971 do praibetpé B.A.démsin édé kolejí:dokké pa:ska. Dítag 1985 do bí Dibrugorh Inibarsiti:lokké Histori:dok M.A. ponamém pokurka. Bí praibetpé Inglishdoksin M.A. porika. Ngasodla édém pongab la:tomang.<ref name=":1" /> == Migom ager gernam == Lombudor Dole:bí dítag 1963 do Sunari M.B. Iskul, Bormukoli Pobug Pokodo poyirnépé agerém gerka. Lédupé bí Lolitimukh Pobug Pokodo poyirnépé ika. Dítag 1969 do bulukké mo:tagdo lédu mokutsula du:né tani:kídí:dok ponam légangé 'Adorsho Jonojati Hai Iskul'dém réngamé molenka. Pobug Pokodok poyirnam agerém mépagla édé pokodo Lombudor Dole:bí poyirnépé agerém dítag 1971 do gerangka. Dítag 1977 do édé pokodém migomé tolíkka. Dítag 1986 do édé pokodém Hayar Sekendari Iskulpé migomé tosangka. Lombudor Dole:bí odok Histori poyirnépé ika dítag 2000 do:pé. Dítag 1985 do Bahphola mo:tagdok poné ko:ka:lok légangé Kolej ako molennam agomém réngamé ru:ropka. Édé ru:robnamdém agerpé gerbomdopé réngamé Lombudor Dole:mé tolíkka. Réngamlok tolíkkampé bí anin-mo:tagdok réngamém jonsula 'SriSri Bishnudeb Jonojati Junior Kolej'dém moropka. Dítag 1996 do édé kolejdém migomé tolíkka. Édé kolejdok Ru:tum Poyirnépé agerém gerra Lombudor Dole:bí dítag 2004, 31 Agosto longédo migom ager gernamém gertérsuka. Lombudor Dole:bí aipé potin poriné tani:kai. Édémpé bí angkin kanéka:sin. Réngam ara:lo ko:ka: lokké kinné-pa:né lédulo bí ainé agerém germín jo:dagai. Aíé porisuge:la ko:ka:ngém bí porinam agomém lunéë amikai. Dormang pa:né agerém mépagla bí ko:kang ponam légangé anupé la:lennam dormang pa:mangko pokokídí:dok poyirnépé agerém gerra léngkanka.<ref name=":1" /> == Réngam ager == <nowiki>:</nowiki> Lombudor Dole:bi réngamém la: ajon-arumém airu:pé aipé mé:né tani:kai. Réngamé pu:po-jarpola du:nam légangé bí aíké okum agerém mépagla réngam agerlo:pé gídungai. Bíkké édémpé gerbonamkokki Bahphola mo:tagdé tadgénam mo:takpé ikang émna lula:dag. Bí kélung-kéba:lo aipé agomém lujo:la ardaru:pé agerém gerbojo:dagai. Dítag 1977 do Jurhat Jila Traibel Hongghodok Ba:sar kébangém Bahpholalo bangka. Édé kéba:do Lombudor Dole:mé Abupé tosangka. Abupé du:la bíkébang agerém naréngo:pé gerboka. Dítag 1978 do Mising Ba:né Kaba: dok Ba:sar kébangém Bahpholalo bangka. Édé kéha dok Borig kébang nébí:pé ila Lombudor Dole:bí kébangém ai kangkano:pé ba:ledboka. Dítag 1987 do Bahpholalo ba:nam Mising Agom Kéba:dok Boríg kéba:lok abupé ika Lombudor Dole:bí. Édé kéba:dém írga:ru:pé Boríg kébangé ba:ledboka. Bíkké kéba: ba: bojo:namém ka: la réngamé mé:yumsula bím aipé luyumka. Dítag 1987 do Lombudor Dole:mé Bahphola Bangke Mising Agom Kéba:dok kébang abupé tolikka. Bangke Agom Kéba:dok agerém bí ardaru:pé gerboka. Bahphola mo:tagdo oko kébangéméi ba:yéji, édé kéba:do:pé gíné minom, milíglok du:nam-dagnam, donam-tí:nam appíngém ménggabla ka:sí:bodungai Lombudor Dole:bí. Bíkké édémpé mé:jo:namém ka:la tani:kídí:dé bím mé:tinsudungai odokké atí gerpénam agerém tausudungai. Adílo bí Migang asina:ngém léngkanna agerém gerredbodungai. Bahphola mo:tagdok ainam légangé bí bojéko ainé agerém gerboka. Édé ara:dok sí:sa:né ope:lok gerren-malensunam, lambé-bédang monam, porinam ager tarungém ru:la gernam kídí: dém lukan la:dag. Ya:me:do aipé pudbo:l légjo:né Lombudor Dole:bílusog agomémsin lula yírmojo:dagai. Bíkké agom lunamém la: mibo bonamém aipé mé:la lu:jarrok du:né ajoné bím mala Bahphola do:lu:do:pé gídungai.<ref name=":1" /> == Sinam == Aso: aso:pé ékéré aima:pé iya:la dítag 2013, 4 Phebuari longédo Bahpholalo du:né aíké okumdo érangém, réngamém mépagla amigé migjémna Lombudor Dole:bí Ui amo:pé gíkangku. Bíkké amírdém réngamé ka:tér kumtérsula aíké amo:do mésíngka.<ref name=":1" /> == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] kxrj5nbpopoz1ishk99y2wqghpnsbkn 7374275 7374274 2026-10-25T14:26:08Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Ponam */ 7374275 wikitext text/x-wiki "Réngam légangé ager gerrí:mílo asina:ngé mé:jo: pa:yé. Amiké tatkipé lunamémsin tadrasula:pa:yé. Lékoném torpésin lupa:yé." Édémpé lula réngam ager gerné tani: kídí:dok ara:lo Lombudor Dole:ké aminsé ménggappénam aminko. Miga:né asin géné taniyé érang agerro, réngam agerro aíé daggéla agerém gerredbodag émnam agomdé arro. Édém lukan léngkanbiné amikai Jurhat Bahpholadok Lombudor Dole:bí.<ref name=":1" /> ==Onam== Lombudor Dole:mé dítag 1936, 6 Mars longédo Jurhat mo:dumdok Bahphola do:lu:do otagai. Bík abudok aminém Gorokhiya Dole: odokké anédok aminém Tuloki Dole: émtagai. Bínyikké auwo annyikai– Lombudor la: Ba:dam bínyi. Ommésin annyikai– Kameswori la: Bamuni bínyi.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipok Kr. Dole:|title=MITPANLA:MA:NAM MISING TANI:|pages=124-127|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Midang == Lombudor Dole:képé érangé Bahphola do:lu:dok Boga Pe:guké la: Dumuni Pe:guké omé Memsi Pe:gumé midangém mola la:bika Dítag 1960 do. Bínyik aokídí:dé- Nobo Kumar, Debokanto, Sondrojit, Biswojit, Pronob bulu. Ommé appi:kai. Buluk aminé-Onjona, Usha, Dipti, Kuin.<ref name=":1" /> == Ponam == Lombudor Dole:bí Bahphola Pobug Pokodo ponamém poropka. Bík pobug ponamém Ape: III do pola du:dodém bagémpé abudé sila:yam ngasodé angkang. Édé ngasod ara:dokké dítag 1954 do pobug ponamém pongabla M.E. ponamém porika Kolbari:do du:né Hemsondro Traibel M.E. Iskuldo. Dítag 1957 do M.E. ponamém pongabge:la bí Dergau Gobt. Hai Iskuldo porika. Édé pokodé mo:té:badla:yam do:lu:dok anindo molennam Namdeuri Hai Iskuldo bí porikaku. Dítag 1962 do Lombudor Dole:bi metrigdém pokurka. Bottépé porilí: daggom bi murkong ngasod kokki poyirnépé agerém gerropka. Poyirnépé agerém gerra du: dodo dítag 1964-65 do Nogau mo:dumdok Samoguri Besik Treining Sentardokké poyirné geryirsunam anka: dém aiyangarpé pa:ska. Migom agerém gerra asutkopé murkongém mokumsuge:la polangkula dítag 1965 do Jurhat Kolejdokké praibetpé P.U.dém, dítag 1971 do praibetpé B.A.démsin édé kolejí:dokké pa:ska. Dítag 1985 do bí Dibrugorh Inibarsiti:lokké Histori:dok M.A. ponamém pokurka. Bí praibetpé Inglishdoksin M.A. porika. Ngasodla édém pongab la:tomang.<ref name=":1" /> == Migom ager gernam == Lombudor Dole:bí dítag 1963 do Sunari M.B. Iskul, Bormukoli Pobug Pokodo poyirnépé agerém gerka. Lédupé bí Lolitimukh Pobug Pokodo poyirnépé ika. Dítag 1969 do bulukké mo:tagdo lédu mokutsula du:né tani:kídí:dok ponam légangé 'Adorsho Jonojati Hai Iskul'dém réngamé molenka. Pobug Pokodok poyirnam agerém mépagla édé pokodo Lombudor Dole:bí poyirnépé agerém dítag 1971 do gerangka. Dítag 1977 do édé pokodém migomé tolíkka. Dítag 1986 do édé pokodém Hayar Sekendari Iskulpé migomé tosangka. Lombudor Dole:bí odok Histori poyirnépé ika dítag 2000 do:pé. Dítag 1985 do Bahphola mo:tagdok poné ko:ka:lok légangé Kolej ako molennam agomém réngamé ru:ropka. Édé ru:robnamdém agerpé gerbomdopé réngamé Lombudor Dole:mé tolíkka. Réngamlok tolíkkampé bí anin-mo:tagdok réngamém jonsula 'SriSri Bishnudeb Jonojati Junior Kolej'dém moropka. Dítag 1996 do édé kolejdém migomé tolíkka. Édé kolejdok Ru:tum Poyirnépé agerém gerra Lombudor Dole:bí dítag 2004, 31 Agosto longédo migom ager gernamém gertérsuka. Lombudor Dole:bí aipé potin poriné tani:kai. Édémpé bí angkin kanéka:sin. Réngam ara:lo ko:ka: lokké kinné-pa:né lédulo bí ainé agerém germín jo:dagai. Aíé porisuge:la ko:ka:ngém bí porinam agomém lunéë amikai. Dormang pa:né agerém mépagla bí ko:kang ponam légangé anupé la:lennam dormang pa:mangko pokokídí:dok poyirnépé agerém gerra léngkanka.<ref name=":1" /> == Réngam ager == <nowiki>:</nowiki> Lombudor Dole:bi réngamém la: ajon-arumém airu:pé aipé mé:né tani:kai. Réngamé pu:po-jarpola du:nam légangé bí aíké okum agerém mépagla réngam agerlo:pé gídungai. Bíkké édémpé gerbonamkokki Bahphola mo:tagdé tadgénam mo:takpé ikang émna lula:dag. Bí kélung-kéba:lo aipé agomém lujo:la ardaru:pé agerém gerbojo:dagai. Dítag 1977 do Jurhat Jila Traibel Hongghodok Ba:sar kébangém Bahpholalo bangka. Édé kéba:do Lombudor Dole:mé Abupé tosangka. Abupé du:la bíkébang agerém naréngo:pé gerboka. Dítag 1978 do Mising Ba:né Kaba: dok Ba:sar kébangém Bahpholalo bangka. Édé kéha dok Borig kébang nébí:pé ila Lombudor Dole:bí kébangém ai kangkano:pé ba:ledboka. Dítag 1987 do Bahpholalo ba:nam Mising Agom Kéba:dok Boríg kéba:lok abupé ika Lombudor Dole:bí. Édé kéba:dém írga:ru:pé Boríg kébangé ba:ledboka. Bíkké kéba: ba: bojo:namém ka: la réngamé mé:yumsula bím aipé luyumka. Dítag 1987 do Lombudor Dole:mé Bahphola Bangke Mising Agom Kéba:dok kébang abupé tolikka. Bangke Agom Kéba:dok agerém bí ardaru:pé gerboka. Bahphola mo:tagdo oko kébangéméi ba:yéji, édé kéba:do:pé gíné minom, milíglok du:nam-dagnam, donam-tí:nam appíngém ménggabla ka:sí:bodungai Lombudor Dole:bí. Bíkké édémpé mé:jo:namém ka:la tani:kídí:dé bím mé:tinsudungai odokké atí gerpénam agerém tausudungai. Adílo bí Migang asina:ngém léngkanna agerém gerredbodungai. Bahphola mo:tagdok ainam légangé bí bojéko ainé agerém gerboka. Édé ara:dok sí:sa:né ope:lok gerren-malensunam, lambé-bédang monam, porinam ager tarungém ru:la gernam kídí: dém lukan la:dag. Ya:me:do aipé pudbo:l légjo:né Lombudor Dole:bílusog agomémsin lula yírmojo:dagai. Bíkké agom lunamém la: mibo bonamém aipé mé:la lu:jarrok du:né ajoné bím mala Bahphola do:lu:do:pé gídungai.<ref name=":1" /> == Sinam == Aso: aso:pé ékéré aima:pé iya:la dítag 2013, 4 Phebuari longédo Bahpholalo du:né aíké okumdo érangém, réngamém mépagla amigé migjémna Lombudor Dole:bí Ui amo:pé gíkangku. Bíkké amírdém réngamé ka:tér kumtérsula aíké amo:do mésíngka.<ref name=":1" /> == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] mevdv7h9qwl30nbghgyn8cjf9la27q9 0 3781430 7374284 7359806 2026-10-25T14:31:44Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Sinam */ 7374284 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Onam== Dítag 1938 dok 23 Agosto longédo Jonai Oyan do:lu:do Miladoi Pa:itmé otagai. Bík abudok aminém Bidbor Pa:it odokké anédok aminém Undori Pa:it émtagai. Bínyikké ommang kídí:dé– Podmonath, Daponti, Miladoi, Milaboti la: Dhononjoy bulu. Bidbor Pa:itké éra:dé sité kala kané-sí:né érangai. Oyan do:lu:do Oiram Bori:bí édé adído Mising yírman-so:maném ménggabla sí:sa:né mímbír-ya:meyém geryir dungai. Bíkké so:yir, moyirnamém ka:la ko:néngoudokkébo Miladoibí so:yir moyirsula aipé so:jo:la ni:tomémsin mojongkang. Oiram Bori:bí Miladoimé bayugdanna monam, so:namém moyir so:yirdungai.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipok Kr. Dole:|title=MITPANLA:MA:NAM MISING TANI:|pages=202-203|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Ilen-siya:sunam ko:réd ager gernam == Miladoi Pa:it bí aíké okumdo ponam adnamém poyir adyirsuka. Bí ponam légangé poko okumlo:pé gímangai. Bulukké mo:tagdok omékídí: dé ilen-siya:sunam ko:réd agerém gerdungai. Miladoi Pa:it bí:gom ilen-siya:nam agerém aipé gerjo:dagai. Bíkké ko:réd ager gerjongém anin-mo:téng taniyé ko:néngge:la édémpé agerém gerjo:nam dém ka:la tadla luyumma:pé lupag dungai. Bím lure:dungasin.<ref name=":1" /> == Dírbí légangé ager gernam == Aíké ilen-siya:nam agerém gerge:la:sin Miladoi Pa:itbí Oiram Bori:ké so:namém so:yirnam, ni:tom monamém moyirnamém ménggabla so:yir moyir sudungai. Bíkké ménggabla geryirsumém ka:la bím Oiram Bori:bí aipé aya:dungai. Oiram Bori:ké dírbí ope:dok lédulo goglígnam dírbí ope:pé gímínna bí dítag 1955 dok Gejera, dítag 1959 dok Muwamari:lo ba:nam Mising Ba:né Kéba:do so:la, ni:tomém mola réngamém aipé mé:yumsumoka. Dítag 1959 do Philobari Rigbi do:lu:lo:sin buluk ope:dé yírmanso:maném léngkanka. Bulukké dírbí ope:dé Ali-a:yé Líga:lok so:namém aipé so:jo:dagai. Miladoi Pa:itké Pasighatlo aíké ilen-molensunam ager gerjo:namém ka:la migomé bím aipé mé:yumsula luyumdungai. Ngoluk réngamso mimé ope:lok ilen-malen sunam ko:réd agerém gergébonné émna bím lula:dag.<ref name=":1" /> == Midang == Dítag 1961-62 do Bijoypur do:lu:dok Sorbanondo Medok bí Miladoi Pa:itké légangé Magbo dugla buluk okumdoi du:mínropka. Érangé dítag 1963 do da:ro midangém da:la Sorbanondo Medokképé Miladoi Pa:itmé bika. Odokkéi bí Miladoi Medokpé ikang. Bínyik ommangkídí:dé- Hiren, Monju, Nipen, Dipti, Sontush la: Bubul bulu. Jonai Bojar kéra:do bulukké okumé.<ref name=":1" /> == Aman pa:nam == Miladoi Medokbí A:bang, Kaban, Bíni:, Léréli ni:tomém rédiyo:lo molíkka. Édém bulum mojo:nam odokké so:jo:nam légangé migomé Miladoi Medokmé 'Bishnu Rabha Aman', 'Upen Kakoti Aman', 'Mopun Penson Aman'ém bila toyumka. Bíkké omé Mopun Dipti Medok Pe:gumé bí aídé ni:tomém moyirra maksongém so:yirra mojo: so:jo:moka. Miladoi Medokbí 'Migang' sinema:do yaru moka.<ref name=":1" /> == Sinam == Sinam: Réngamém, ao-omma:ngém mépagla Mopun Miladoi Medokbí dítag 2016, 23 Oktubor longédo Ui amo:pé gíkangku. Bíkké amírdém réngamé kumtérsula Jonailo du:né aíké amo:do mésíngka.<ref name=":1" /> == Ka:yi:sunam == [[Category:Wp/mrg]] <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] 7v6wwu085q58ea9x3hf6geveoudor0n 0 3793083 7374287 7353638 2026-10-25T14:37:20Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Atí atí ager gernam */ 7374287 wikitext text/x-wiki == Onam == Sibsagor mo:dumdo du:né Disangmukh mo:tagdok Alisiga do:lu:do dítag 1932 do Bikromsing Yéínmé otagai. Bík abudok aminé Gorising Yéín odokké anédok aminé Onjona Yéín. Bikromsing Yéínké aro aminém Sondro Yéín émtagai.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipok Kr. Dole:|title=MITPANLA:MA:NAM MISING TANI:|pages=104-106|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Porinam == Bikromsing Yéínbí aíké do:lu:do du:né Pobug Pokodo poriropka. Pobug ponamém pongabge:la Disangmukh Siniyor Besik Iskuldo porika. Lédupé bí Sibsagor Gobt. Hai Iskuldo porika. Sibsagorlo porila du:dodém bí Ni:tom Iskullo:sin porika. Léddarpé Bikromsing Yéínbí Kherkotamukhdo du:né ‘All Assam Miri High School’do Ape: X do:pé poge:la ngasodé a:la ponamém mépakka.<ref name=":1" /> == Sondro Yéín == Bikromsing Yéínké aro aminém Sondro Yéín émtagai. Ajjoudokkébo bí abung saron pa:la sí:sa:né. Dugnam, asi ba:nam, ager gernamém Sondro:bí aipé ijo: sa:jo:dagai. Bíkké ékérésin alo: lo:po:dagai. Longékoném mo:tagdok tadgénam, amiké pésogénam amikoném Sondro Yéínbí momínsula mobadla ‘Bikromsing’ aminém pangka.<ref name=":1" /> == Turnané ager == Bikromsing Yéínbí turnam légangé migom agerém matomang. Bí tase, ollung ko:réd agerro angkang. Kolen-koang ager lédulo réngam léga:pé ager gernamdéméi bí turnané ageré émna méngkang. == Réngam ager gernam == ‘All Assam Miri High School’dokké ponamém mépagla gíkunam lédupé Bikromsing Yéínbí ‘Disangmukh Kristi: Ope:’ émna dírbí ope:ko la:lenna Mising yírman-so:maném moírboka. Bikromsing Yéínbí aídé ni:tomém adla modungai. Adído Disangmukh Kristi Ope:dé aipé tadgénam dírbí ope:pé ikang. Mising kélung-kébang bangkolo édé ope:dém goglígla buluk yírman-so:maném ka:la réngamé aipé mé:yumsudungai. Dítag 1954 dok 26 Januari: longédo Delhi:lo gonotontorong longédo Bikromsing Yéínké Mising Dírbí Ope:dém goglígla yírman-so:maném léngkan moka. Mising so:maném édé adídok Mo:rum Ru:tum Mirung Jowahorlal Nehru:bí ka:la aipé mé:yumsula Bikromsing Yéínmé luyumka. Dítag 1956 do Jurhatlok Gondhiya do:lu:do ba:nam ‘All Assam Mising Zubok Sanggha’ la: ‘All Assam Dokhinporiya Mising Rayot Sonmilon’do Bikromsing Yéínké Disangmukh Dírbí Ope:dé gíla Mising yírman- so:maném léngkanna bojéko amaném pangka. Dítag 1958 í:do Lokhimpurlok Gorsiga do:lu:do ba:nam Mising Ba:né Kéba:do Bikromsing Yéínké Disangmukh Dírbí ope:dok yírman-so:maném ka:la Mibo Ru:tum Ohomsok édé adídok Ru:tum Mirung Bimola Prosad Soliha:bí aipé mé:yumsula Yéínmé luyumka. Dítag 1966 dok Silapotharlok Kulajando ba:nam Mising Ba:né Kéba:do Bikromsing Yéínké Disangmukh Dírbí Ope:dé í:r-pongkírpé gíla yírman-so:maném léngkanna réngamém aipé mé:pomoka.<ref name=":1" /> == Midang == Bikromsing Yéínbí Milonkur do:lu:dok Keshoboti Dole:mé Dítag 1963 do mida: mola langka. Bínyikké ao aumko odokké omé appi:ko. Ommang kídí: dé:gom dírbí-dírlabém aipé mé:bopomdagai.<ref name=":1" /> == Atí-atí ager gernam == Bikromsing Yéínbí Mopunai. Bí Ohomiya la: Misingpé ni:tomém adla modungai. Mising Ba:né Kébang, Hodou Ohom Kristi Mising Ba:né Kébang, Hodou Ohom Traibel Honggho, Dokhinporiya Mising Porin Kébang odok buluk ba:sar kébangkídí:dém adíkolo í:rbodagai Bikromsing Yéínké Disangmukh Kristi Ope:dé. Bikromsing Yéínké turté:dok ménggappénam puyuko Dr. Bhupen Hajorikaké lédulo ni:tom adla dírbí légangé ager gernamdé. Bikromsing Yéínké ‘Sodmorupi Noro Monisor’, ‘Moi gam jonotar’ édé ni:tomkídí:dém appíngéi aipé mé:dungai. Dr. Bhupen Hajorikaké ‘Bulu O Mising dekati’ ni:tomdém addumsunam légangé Bikromsing Yéínmé Dr. Bhupen Hajorikabí aipé mé:tin sudungai. Bikromsing Yéínbí Ohomiya sinemang Pran Gongga, Phaguni, Gonga Silonir Pakhi:do yaru moka. Kiyo, Siraj do:sog kídí:do:sin bí yaru moka. Akashbani Guwahati Rediyo:lok do:soglo:sin bí yaru monépé ika. Dítag 1972 do Disangmukhdo Mising Agom Kébangém ba:lendodém Bikromsing Yéínbí ardaru:pé Boríg kéba:dok ru:tumpé du:la kébangém ba:ledboka. Dírbí léga:pé ager gernam légangé migomé bím ‘Mopun Penson’ém bila toyumka.<ref name=":1" /> == Sinam == Dítag 1979 dok 24 Ju:n longédo Do:ng amo:sém mépagla Bikromsing Yéínbí bagémpé Ui amo:pé gíkangku. Do:nyi-po:lo du:dag takamso Bikromsing Yéínmé la: Disangmukh Mising Dírbí Ope:dém réngamé mé:pa:tíyé.<ref name=":1" /> == Ka:yi:sunam == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] cxzb9hsdbwakywhh4vdkdbvu0pi9d4j 7374288 7374287 2026-10-25T14:38:01Z Tatoyayo 2686294 /* Sinam */ 7374288 wikitext text/x-wiki == Onam == Sibsagor mo:dumdo du:né Disangmukh mo:tagdok Alisiga do:lu:do dítag 1932 do Bikromsing Yéínmé otagai. Bík abudok aminé Gorising Yéín odokké anédok aminé Onjona Yéín. Bikromsing Yéínké aro aminém Sondro Yéín émtagai.<ref name=":1">{{Wp/mrg/Cite book|author=Dipok Kr. Dole:|title=MITPANLA:MA:NAM MISING TANI:|pages=104-106|publication-date=Disembor, 2020|publisher=Tani K. Publication|publication-place=|url=https://dipokkumardoley.in/Books/Mitpanlamanam%20Mising%20Tani.pdf?v=1781678014661}}</ref> == Porinam == Bikromsing Yéínbí aíké do:lu:do du:né Pobug Pokodo poriropka. Pobug ponamém pongabge:la Disangmukh Siniyor Besik Iskuldo porika. Lédupé bí Sibsagor Gobt. Hai Iskuldo porika. Sibsagorlo porila du:dodém bí Ni:tom Iskullo:sin porika. Léddarpé Bikromsing Yéínbí Kherkotamukhdo du:né ‘All Assam Miri High School’do Ape: X do:pé poge:la ngasodé a:la ponamém mépakka.<ref name=":1" /> == Sondro Yéín == Bikromsing Yéínké aro aminém Sondro Yéín émtagai. Ajjoudokkébo bí abung saron pa:la sí:sa:né. Dugnam, asi ba:nam, ager gernamém Sondro:bí aipé ijo: sa:jo:dagai. Bíkké ékérésin alo: lo:po:dagai. Longékoném mo:tagdok tadgénam, amiké pésogénam amikoném Sondro Yéínbí momínsula mobadla ‘Bikromsing’ aminém pangka.<ref name=":1" /> == Turnané ager == Bikromsing Yéínbí turnam légangé migom agerém matomang. Bí tase, ollung ko:réd agerro angkang. Kolen-koang ager lédulo réngam léga:pé ager gernamdéméi bí turnané ageré émna méngkang. == Réngam ager gernam == ‘All Assam Miri High School’dokké ponamém mépagla gíkunam lédupé Bikromsing Yéínbí ‘Disangmukh Kristi: Ope:’ émna dírbí ope:ko la:lenna Mising yírman-so:maném moírboka. Bikromsing Yéínbí aídé ni:tomém adla modungai. Adído Disangmukh Kristi Ope:dé aipé tadgénam dírbí ope:pé ikang. Mising kélung-kébang bangkolo édé ope:dém goglígla buluk yírman-so:maném ka:la réngamé aipé mé:yumsudungai. Dítag 1954 dok 26 Januari: longédo Delhi:lo gonotontorong longédo Bikromsing Yéínké Mising Dírbí Ope:dém goglígla yírman-so:maném léngkan moka. Mising so:maném édé adídok Mo:rum Ru:tum Mirung Jowahorlal Nehru:bí ka:la aipé mé:yumsula Bikromsing Yéínmé luyumka. Dítag 1956 do Jurhatlok Gondhiya do:lu:do ba:nam ‘All Assam Mising Zubok Sanggha’ la: ‘All Assam Dokhinporiya Mising Rayot Sonmilon’do Bikromsing Yéínké Disangmukh Dírbí Ope:dé gíla Mising yírman- so:maném léngkanna bojéko amaném pangka. Dítag 1958 í:do Lokhimpurlok Gorsiga do:lu:do ba:nam Mising Ba:né Kéba:do Bikromsing Yéínké Disangmukh Dírbí ope:dok yírman-so:maném ka:la Mibo Ru:tum Ohomsok édé adídok Ru:tum Mirung Bimola Prosad Soliha:bí aipé mé:yumsula Yéínmé luyumka. Dítag 1966 dok Silapotharlok Kulajando ba:nam Mising Ba:né Kéba:do Bikromsing Yéínké Disangmukh Dírbí Ope:dé í:r-pongkírpé gíla yírman-so:maném léngkanna réngamém aipé mé:pomoka.<ref name=":1" /> == Midang == Bikromsing Yéínbí Milonkur do:lu:dok Keshoboti Dole:mé Dítag 1963 do mida: mola langka. Bínyikké ao aumko odokké omé appi:ko. Ommang kídí: dé:gom dírbí-dírlabém aipé mé:bopomdagai.<ref name=":1" /> == Atí-atí ager gernam == Bikromsing Yéínbí Mopunai. Bí Ohomiya la: Misingpé ni:tomém adla modungai. Mising Ba:né Kébang, Hodou Ohom Kristi Mising Ba:né Kébang, Hodou Ohom Traibel Honggho, Dokhinporiya Mising Porin Kébang odok buluk ba:sar kébangkídí:dém adíkolo í:rbodagai Bikromsing Yéínké Disangmukh Kristi Ope:dé. Bikromsing Yéínké turté:dok ménggappénam puyuko Dr. Bhupen Hajorikaké lédulo ni:tom adla dírbí légangé ager gernamdé. Bikromsing Yéínké ‘Sodmorupi Noro Monisor’, ‘Moi gam jonotar’ édé ni:tomkídí:dém appíngéi aipé mé:dungai. Dr. Bhupen Hajorikaké ‘Bulu O Mising dekati’ ni:tomdém addumsunam légangé Bikromsing Yéínmé Dr. Bhupen Hajorikabí aipé mé:tin sudungai. Bikromsing Yéínbí Ohomiya sinemang Pran Gongga, Phaguni, Gonga Silonir Pakhi:do yaru moka. Kiyo, Siraj do:sog kídí:do:sin bí yaru moka. Akashbani Guwahati Rediyo:lok do:soglo:sin bí yaru monépé ika. Dítag 1972 do Disangmukhdo Mising Agom Kébangém ba:lendodém Bikromsing Yéínbí ardaru:pé Boríg kéba:dok ru:tumpé du:la kébangém ba:ledboka. Dírbí léga:pé ager gernam légangé migomé bím ‘Mopun Penson’ém bila toyumka.<ref name=":1" /> == Sinam == Dítag 1979, 24 Ju:n longédo Do:ng amo:sém mépagla Bikromsing Yéínbí bagémpé Ui amo:pé gíkangku. Do:nyi-po:lo du:dag takamso Bikromsing Yéínmé la: Disangmukh Mising Dírbí Ope:dém réngamé mé:pa:tíyé.<ref name=":1" /> == Ka:yi:sunam == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] 3yyw8s8ba5swe9blnv4dib7b4b9ahvx 3 3793554 7374529 7366245 2026-10-26T02:05:22Z MediaWiki message delivery 633333 /* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-44 */ new section 7374529 wikitext text/x-wiki == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Study of Man's Impact on Climate]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> La '''Study of Man's Impact on Climate''' (traduisible en français par « Étude de l'impact de l'homme sur le climat ») est une conférence scientifique internationale consacrée à l'influence humaine sur le climat qui s'est tenue à Stockholm, en Suède, du 28 juin au 16 juillet 1971. Elle aborde diverses hypothèses parmi lesquelles la destruction de la couche d'ozone et le réchauffement (ou refroidissement) climatique, établit l'état du savoir à leur sujet et, soulignant les nombreuses inconnues qui demeurent, appelle à consacrer davantage de fonds à la recherche scientifique sur le climat. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:00, 27 July 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30849684 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Plot of Prats de Molló]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ca:Fets de Prats de Molló]])&#32;([[:es:Complot de Prats de Molló]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''plot of Prats de Molló''' was an attempted military invasion of Catalonia carried out from France to achieve its independence planned by Francesc Macià and the leadership of the Estat Català party, discovered and aborted in 1926. The plan consisted of the penetration of two columns (one from Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans, the other from Coll d'Ares), which were to occupy Olot and proclaim the Catalan Republic. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:11, 3 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30879613 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Composizione VII]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Composition VII - Wassily Kandinsky, GAC.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Composizione VII''' (Композиция VII o Zu Komposition 7) è un olio su tela del 1913, realizzato dal pittore russo Vasilij Vasil'evič Kandinskij e conservato nella Galleria Tret'jakov di Mosca. Prodotto centrale del pittore russo nel periodo 1910-1915, essa è considerata l'opera che certificò la raggiunta maturità creativa da parte di Kandinskij, rappresentando anche l'apice della sua energia creativa. È considerato il più rappresentativo tra i lavori completati durante l'anno del successo internazionale dell'artista, simboleggiando il punto di emancipazione definitivo dell'Astrattismo. Opera più grande mai realizzata dall'artista per dimensione, facente parte della serie denominata Composizioni, rappresenta un'allegoria dell'Apocalisse, di cui riprende il tema e lo propone in una versione astratta, trasfigurata dalla realtà in una forma composta da sole linee e colori. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 10 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30889664 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Divorce in Poland]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Divorce in Poland''' occurs at a rate slightly below that of the average for Europe. In the Polish legal system, divorce proceedings fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the civil court; there is no legal basis for resolving a marriage through the agreement of the spouses or through administrative procedures. Divorce requests are assessed by the court, in accordance with the positive and negative prerequisites set in the relevant law. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:59, 17 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30927700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:mk:Ден на македонската револуционерна борба]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle''' (Macedonian: Ден на македонската револуционерна борба),[1] also known as Day of VMRO, is a national holiday which is celebrated on October 23 in North Macedonia. In 2007, the holiday was voted into law as a new national holiday. It is a non-working day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:15, 24 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30927700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wimmen's Comix]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Wimmen's Comix''''', later retitled (respelled) as Wimmin's Comix, is an influential all-female underground comics anthology published from 1972 to 1992. Though it covered a wide range of genres and subject matters, Wimmen's Comix focused more than other anthologies of the time on feminist concerns, homosexuality, sex and politics in general, and autobiographical comics. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:54, 31 August 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30988228 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Paulet affair]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Paulet affair''', also known as British Hawaii, was the insubordinate five-month occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1843 by British naval officer Captain Lord George Paulet, of HMS Carysfort. It was ended by the arrival of American warships sent to defend Hawaii's independence. The British government in London did not authorise the move and it had no official status. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:59, 7 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30993988 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:No-AI label]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:No AI Sign.svg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''no-AI label''' is a label used on a product to signify that it was not made using generative AI. Phrases on the labels include but are not limited to "human-made", "proudly human" and "AI-free". Some organisations that provide the labels allow product creators to download and use their no-AI labels for free, while others charge creators for analysing the content and allowing the use of the labels if the organisation believes that no AI was used. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 14 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31028050 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Scotty (dinosaur)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Scotty Tyrannosaurus.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Scotty''' is the nickname for the Tyrannosaurus rex fossil, catalogued as RSM P2523.8, that was discovered in Saskatchewan, Canada in 1991.[3] The fossilised remains were painstakingly removed, almost completely by hand, over two decades from the rock in which they were embedded. When the preparation was complete in 2011, an around 65% complete T. rex skeleton was revealed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:02, 21 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31045260 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Descartes Highlands]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Apollo 16 landingsite.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Descartes Highlands''' is an area of lunar highlands located on the near side that served as the landing site of the American Apollo 16 mission in early 1972. The Descartes Highlands is located in the area surrounding Descartes crater, after which the feature received its name <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:27, 28 September 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31087748 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Battaglia del pastificio]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Battle of Checkpoint Pasta]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:OTO Melara Somalia 1993.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> La '''battaglia del pastificio''', talvolta chiamata anche battaglia del checkpoint Pasta, fu uno scontro a fuoco verificatosi a Mogadiscio tra le truppe italiane e le milizie Mooryaan somale del generale Aidid ed è ricordata per essere stata la prima battaglia che vide impiegati i militari dell'Esercito Italiano dalla fine della seconda guerra mondiale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:39, 5 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31108366 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lineup.5.JPG|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft''' is a transport museum which specialises in the preservation of trolleybuses. It is located by the village of Sandtoft, near Belton on the Isle of Axholme in the English county of Lincolnshire. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:09, 12 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jalapeño popper]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cooking-food-stuffed-jalapenos-peppers.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jalapeño poppers''', or jalapeño bites, are jalapeño peppers that have been hollowed out, stuffed with a mixture of cheese, spices, and sometimes ground meat, and breaded and deep-fried or wrapped with bacon and baked. They are a common dish on appetizer menus in chain restaurants in the United States. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:15, 19 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:National Day of Bhutan]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''National Day of Bhutan''' (Dzongkha: རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་; Wylie: rgyal yongs dus chen) known as Gyalyong Düchen is a major national event celebrated annually on 17 December in the Kingdom of Bhutan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:05, 26 October 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> jusiymbk99t6d1t6wnenz34c1ji8394 0 3794785 7374444 7269203 2026-10-25T20:09:10Z Emmanuellekazadi 2647119 7374444 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aminatou Batouré Gaoh''' (muledibua mu dia matuku 31 ngondo wa dikumi ne muibidi 1961 mu Kiéché) udi muena ditunga dia [[Wp/lua/Nigeria|Nigeria]]. [[Category:Wp/lua]] l22iws4hbu10fp9k28o29aqexnxlfh4 7374445 7374444 2026-10-25T20:09:34Z Emmanuellekazadi 2647119 7374445 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aminatou Batouré Gaoh''' (muledibua mu dia matuku 31 ngondo wa dikumi ne muibidi 1961 mu Kiéché) udi muena [[Wp/lua/Ditunga|ditunga]] dia [[Wp/lua/Nigeria|Nigeria]]. [[Category:Wp/lua]] nh32nsvxl6fanulpyn8eyf69eub2gf7 0 3795823 7374189 7296239 2026-10-25T12:35:31Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|UN General Assembly Wikivoyage banner.jpg|caption=ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் பொதுச் சபை, நியூயார்க், அமெரிக்க ஐக்கிய நாடுகள்|pgname=அரசு மற்றும் அரசியல் சுற்றுலா}} '''அரசு மற்றும் அரசியல்''' என்பது சுற்றுலாத்துறையின் ஒரு கருப்பொருளாகும்; இது உலகின் மிகச் சிறப்பான மற்றும் முக்கியமான பல இடங்களை உள்ளடக்கியது. இதில் [[Wy/ta/கோட்டைகள்|கோட்டைகள்]], [[Wy/ta/பிரம்மாண்டமான மாளிகைகள்|பிரம்மாண்டமான மாளிகைகள்]], அரசு கட்டிடங்கள், [[Wy/ta/இராணுவம் மற்றும் காவல் துறை சார்ந்த நிகழ்வுகள்|இராணுவம் மற்றும் காவல் துறை சார்ந்த நிகழ்வுகள்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சட்டம்-நீதி வரலாறு|சட்டம்-நீதி வரலாற்றோடு]] தொடர்புடைய கட்டிடங்கள் மற்றும் இடங்கள் ஆகியவை அடங்கும். {{Wy/ta/PartOfTopic|Wy/ta/பண்பாட்டு ஈர்ப்புகள்}} [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} mgakp02ziin2vy23nd8hni3c20sv651 0 3795825 7374307 7332607 2026-10-25T16:17:01Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|WV banner Cultural attractions Petra.jpg|caption=பெட்ரா, ஜோர்தான்|pgname=பண்பாட்டு ஈர்ப்புகள்}} '''பண்பாட்டு ஈர்ப்புகள்''' மனிதகுலத்தின் பௌதீக மற்றும் அறிவுசார் படைப்புகளைப் பயணிகள் அனுபவிக்க வழிவகுக்கின்றன. பண்பாடு என்பது அதன் பரந்த பொருளில் மனிதர்களால் உருவாக்கப்பட்ட அனைத்தையும் குறிக்கும்; இருப்பினும், சில சாதனைகள் மற்றவற்றை விடப் பெரும் தாக்கத்தை ஏற்படுத்துகின்றன. [[Wy/ta/யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியப் பட்டியல்|யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியப் பட்டியலில்]], இத்தகைய சில இடங்களும் இயற்கை ஈர்ப்புகளும் இடம்பெற்றுள்ளன. {{Wy/ta/PartOfTopic|Wy/ta/பயணத் தலைப்புகள்}} [[Category:Wy/ta/பண்பாட்டு ஈர்ப்புகள்]] [[Category:Wy/ta/Travel topics]] {{INTERWIKI|Q11042}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 52zz7wyyrngc85er478o5mbd8acy8ky 0 3795932 7374211 7294969 2026-10-25T12:47:27Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Ploughing Fields crop banner.jpg|caption=வங்காளதேசத்தில் உள்ள நெல் வயல்கள்|pgname=தெற்கு ஆசியா}} '''தெற்கு ஆசியா''', அல்லது '''இந்தியத் துணைக்கண்டம்''' (அல்லது "துணைக்கண்டம்") என்று அழைக்கப்படும் இப்பகுதி, வடக்கே இமயமலைகளாலும், தெற்கே இந்தியப் பெருங்கடலாலும், கிழக்கு மற்றும் மேற்கே முறையே கங்கை மற்றும் சிந்து நதிப் பள்ளத்தாக்குகளாலும் சூழப்பட்ட ஒரு முக்கோண வடிவ நிலப்பரப்பாகும். 208 கோடி (2.08 பில்லியன்) மக்கள் வசிக்கும் இப்பகுதி, உலகின் மிக உயர்ந்த மலைகளைக் கொண்டிருப்பதோடு, உலகின் மிகத் தொன்மையான சில நாகரிகங்களின் பிறப்பிடமாகவும், [[Wy/ta/இந்து மதம்|இந்து மதம்]], [[Wy/ta/பௌத்தம்|பௌத்தம்]], [[Wy/ta/சனமஹிசம்|சனமஹிசம்]], [[Wy/ta/சீக்கியம்|சீக்கியம்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/சமண மதம்|சமண மதம்]] ஆகியவற்றின் ஊற்றுகளமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/ஆசியா}} {{INTERWIKI|Q771405}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} s7pvxg2ro7uvihtcsnsg306zdpbmjzz 0 3795948 7374203 7315729 2026-10-25T12:44:30Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Flamingo,Tuticorin, Wikivoyage Banner.jpg|caption=கிளிமூக்கு நாரை, தூத்துக்குடி|pgname=தூத்துக்குடி}} '''தூத்துக்குடி''' [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] மாநிலத்தில் உள்ள ஒரு நகரமாகும். தமிழ்நாட்டின் தென்கிழக்குப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள [[Wy/ta/தூத்துக்குடி மாவட்டம்|தூத்துக்குடி மாவட்டத்தின்]] தலைமையகமாக இந்நகரம் விளங்குகிறது. இது சென்னையிலிருந்து சுமார் 580 கி.மீ தொலைவிலும், [[Wy/ta/திருச்சிராப்பள்ளி|திருச்சியிலிருந்து]] சுமார் 261 கி.மீ தொலைவிலும், [[Wy/ta/மதுரை|மதுரையிலிருந்து]] சுமார் 133 கி.மீ தொலைவிலும் அமைந்துள்ளது. {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு}} [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q41562}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 9149ykxe6n4j7wmpmscuamr7saou8x9 0 3795949 7374204 7314396 2026-10-25T12:44:50Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Asia|pgname=தூத்துக்குடி மாவட்டம்}} '''தூத்துக்குடி''' என்பது தென் [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] மாவட்டமாகும். {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 8dog6u4zksczqp1rbi3ycli9q5smo9m 0 3795950 7374195 7322164 2026-10-25T12:41:33Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Noyyal-at-Noyyal-Cross Banner.jpg|caption=நொய்யல் ஆறு, திருப்பூர்|pgname=திருப்பூர்}} '''திருப்பூர்''', [[Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா|தென்னிந்திய]] மாநிலமான [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாட்டில்]] அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு மாவட்டமாகும். இங்குள்ள திருப்பூர் நகரம், இந்தியாவின் மொத்த பருத்தி பின்னலாடை ஏற்றுமதியில் 90 சதவீதப் பங்களிப்பை கொண்டிருப்பதால், இந்நகரம் ''இந்தியாவின் பின்னலாடைத் தலைநகரம்'' என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு}} [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q836527}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} pxbzsfv215wehorfqtprrfh342m0w4t 0 3797500 7374209 7371734 2026-10-25T12:47:01Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Telangana Banner.jpg|pgname=தெலங்காணா}} [[File:Telangana in India.svg|thumb|இந்தியாவில் உள்ள தெலங்காணா]] '''தெலங்காணா''' ([[Wy/ta/தெலுங்கு சொற்றொடர்நூல்|தெலுங்கு]]: '''తెలంగాణ''' ''தெலங்காண'', [[Wy/ta/உருது சொற்றொடர்நூல்|உருது]]: '''تلنگانہ''' ''திலங்கானா''), [[Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா|தென்னிந்தியாவில்]] அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு மாநிலமாகும். 2014-ஆம் ஆண்டில் [[Wy/ta/ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்|ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசத்திலிருந்து]] பிரிந்து உருவான ''இந்தியாவின் மிக இளைய'' மாநிலமாகும். இருப்பினும், இம்மாநிலம் புதிதாக உருவானது என்பதற்காக இதன் சிறப்பைக் குறைத்து மதிப்பிட்டுவிடக் கூடாது; ஏனெனில், காகதியர்கள் மற்றும் பாமினிகள் தொடங்கி, குதுப் ஷாஹிகள், முகலாயர்கள் மற்றும் இறுதியாக [[Wy/ta/ஹைதராபாத்|ஹைதராபாத்]] நிஜாம்கள் வரை பல்வேறு அரச வம்சங்களின் ஆட்சியையும் கலாச்சாரத் தாக்கங்களையும் கொண்ட செழுமையான கலாச்சாரப் பாரம்பரியத்தை தெலுங்கானா கொண்டுள்ளது. தெலங்காணா மாநிலத்தின் எல்லைகளாக வடக்கிலும் வடமேற்கிலும் [[Wy/ta/மகாராட்டிரம்|மகாராட்டிரவும்]], மேற்கில் [[Wy/ta/கருநாடகம்|கருநாடகவும்]], வடகிழக்கில் [[Wy/ta/சத்தீசுகர்|சத்தீசுகரும்]], தெற்கிலும் கிழக்கிலும் [[Wy/ta/ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்|ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசமும்]] அமைந்துள்ளன. {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா}} {{INTERWIKI|Q677037}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 9sviser96ugjm1vfs8zjuhthrcdv1xe 0 3797999 7374171 7294971 2026-10-25T12:21:43Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Disclaimerbox|லடாக் தங்கள் பகுதி என்று [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தான்]] உரிமை கோரினாலும், அது இந்திய அரசாங்கத்தின் நடைமுறைக்கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ளது. அங்கு செல்ல விரும்பும் பயணிகள் இந்திய விசா, அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள் போன்றவற்றைப்பெற வேண்டியிருப்பதால், நாங்கள் இதனை இந்தியாவின் ஒரு பகுதியாகவே இங்கு கருதுகிறோம். ''இது இப்பிரச்சினையில் இரு தரப்பினரும் முன்வைக்கும் கோரிக்கைகளுக்கு அரசியல் ரீதியான ஆதரவை அளிப்பதாக அமையாது.''}} {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Ladakh banner.jpg|unesco_ich=yes|pgname=இலடாக்கு}} '''இலடாக்கு''' ([[Wy/ta/இந்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|இந்தி]]: '''लद्दाख''' ''லத் தாக்'', [[Wy/ta/இலடாக்கி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|இலடாக்கி]]: '''ལ་དྭགས''' ''லா த்வாக்ஸ்'', [[Wy/ta/உருது சொற்றொடர்நூல்|உருது]]: '''لداخ''' ''லத்தாக்'') என்பது [[Wy/ta/தெற்கு ஆசியா|தெற்கு ஆசியாவில்]] அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு மலைப்பாங்கான பகுதியாகும். [[Wy/ta/திபெத்து|திபெத்துடனான]] புவியியல் மற்றும் பண்பாட்டு ஒற்றுமை காரணமாக, இலடாக்கு சில சமயங்களில் "சிறிய திபெத்து" என்று விவரிக்கப்படுகிறது. இருப்பினும், திபெத்தைப் போலன்றி, இங்கு மக்கள் தொகையில் பாதிக்கும் சற்று அதிகமானோர் பௌத்தர்களாகவும், மீதமுள்ளவர்கள் இஸ்லாமியர்களாகவும் உள்ளனர். நிரந்தரமாகக் குடியேறிய மக்கள் கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து 2,700 மீட்டர் முதல் 4,500 மீட்டர் வரையிலான உயரத்தில் வசிக்கின்றனர்; நாடோடி வாழ்க்கை வாழும் மக்கள் இன்னும் அதிக உயரமான இடங்களில் தங்கள் தற்காலிக முகாம்களை அமைத்து வசிக்கின்றனர். {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/வடக்கு இமயமலை}} {{INTERWIKI|Q200667}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 4822zqe35qltx8qeggypbaovyrgtjmd 0 3798494 7374219 7297600 2026-10-25T12:54:04Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Nagaland banner.jpg|pgname=நாகாலாந்து}} [[Image:Nagaland in India (disputed hatched).svg|thumb|இந்தியக் குடியரசின் நாகாலாந்து வரைபடம்]] '''நாகாலாந்து''' [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] வடகிழக்கு மாநிலங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். [[Wy/ta/அசாம்|அசாம்]], [[Wy/ta/அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்|அருணாச்சலப் பிரதேசம்]], [[Wy/ta/மணிப்பூர்|மணிப்பூர்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/மியான்மார்|மியான்மார்]] ஆகியவற்றுக்கு இடையே அமைந்துள்ள இது, இந்தியாவின் மிகச்சிறிய மற்றும் குறைந்த மக்கள் தொகை கொண்ட மாநிலங்களில் ஒன்றாகவும், கிறிஸ்தவப் பெரும்பான்மை கொண்ட வெகுசில இந்திய மாநிலங்களில் ஒன்றாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/வடகிழக்கு இந்தியா}} {{INTERWIKI|Q1599}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} k2dcqfdmlord2131hgx98px2qtq2gt1 0 3798496 7374173 7294817 2026-10-25T12:22:47Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Rajasthan page banner.jpg|pgname=இராசத்தான்}} [[File:Rajasthan in India (disputed hatched).svg|thumb|இந்தியாவில் இராசத்தானின் அமைவிடம்]] '''இராசத்தான்''' ([[Wy/ta/இந்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|இந்தி]]: '''राजस्थान''') [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] வடமேற்குப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு மாநிலமாகும். இது பெரும்பாலும் வறண்ட நிலப்பகுதியைக் கொண்டுள்ளது; இதன் மேற்கு எல்லை [[Wy/ta/பாக்கித்தான்|பாக்கித்தானை]] ஒட்டியுள்ளது. பரந்து விரிந்த தார் பாலைவனம், உலகின் மிகப் பழமையான மலைத்தொடர்களில் ஒன்றான ஆரவல்லி மலைத்தொடர் மற்றும் பாப்பா ராவல், ராணா கும்பர், ராணா சங்கர், ராணா பிரதாப் போன்ற ராஜபுத்திர மன்னர்களால் கட்டப்பட்ட கோட்டைகள், கோயில்கள் மற்றும் அரண்மனைகளில் வெளிப்படும் ராஜபுத்திர பாரம்பரியம் ஆகியவை இங்கு வரும் பயணிகளை ஈர்க்கும் முக்கிய அம்சங்களாகும். {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/மேற்கு இந்தியா}} {{INTERWIKI|Q1437}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 6nq44xeujs0fvlrj62j2iluwjr0no70 0 3798542 7374299 7279918 2026-10-25T15:48:48Z Sree1959 2594881 மேலும் விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டன 7374299 wikitext text/x-wiki விக்கிப்பயணத்தை இயக்கப் பயன்படும் [[mw:MediaWiki|மீடியாவிக்கி]] மென்பொருள், [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:மீடியாவிக்கி வார்ப்புருக்களை பயன்படுத்துதல்|வார்ப்புருக்களைப்]] பயன்படுத்தி மேம்பட்ட ''மீயுரைக் குறியிடு மொழி''யைத் (எச்டிஎம்எல்) தானாகவே உருவாக்கும் வசதியை வழங்குகிறது. கைமுறையாகத் தட்டச்சு செய்வதை விட வார்ப்புருக்களைப் பயன்படுத்துவது வேகமானது. மேலும், இவை தளம் முழுவதும் பொதுவான பக்கக் கூறுகளை ஒரே சீரான தோற்றத்துடன் வைத்திருக்க உதவுகின்றன. புதிய வார்ப்புருக்களை உருவாக்குவதற்கு அல்லது ஏற்கனவே உள்ளவற்றை மாற்றியமைப்பதற்கு முன்னதாக, அது குறித்துக் கலந்தாலோசிக்கப்பட வேண்டும். தற்போது இருக்கக்கூடிய பெரும்பாலான வார்ப்புருக்களையும், அவற்றை எங்கு, எவ்வாறு பயன்படுத்துவது என்பது குறித்த சுருக்கமான விளக்கங்களையும் கீழே உள்ள பட்டியல் காட்டுகிறது. அல்லது [[Special:Allpages/Template:|வார்ப்புரு பெயர்வெளியில் உள்ள அனைத்துப் பக்கங்களின்]] முழுமையான பட்டியலையும் நீங்கள் காணலாம். __TOC__ <br style="clear:both;" /> == [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை நிலை|கட்டுரை நிலை]] == {| class="wikitable" style="background-color:#fff; color: black;" ! scope="col" style="width:12%;" | விக்கி குறியீடு ! scope="col" style="width:24%;" | நோக்கம் ! scope="col" | வார்ப்புருக் காட்சி |- | style="font-weight:600; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;" | {{Wy/ta/Template link general|Stub}} | style="vertical-align:middle;" | இக்கட்டுரை ஒரு [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:முழுமையற்ற கட்டுரைகள்|முழுமையற்றவை]] என்பதைக் குறிக்கும் செய்தியைக் காட்டுகிறது; இது கட்டுரையின் இறுதியில் சேர்க்கப்பட வேண்டும். | {{Wy/ta/Stub}} |- | style="font-weight:600; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;" | {{Wy/ta/Template link general|Outlinecity}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Outlineregion}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Outlinecountry}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Outlinephrasebook}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Outlineitinerary}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Outlinetopic}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Outlinepark}} | style="vertical-align:middle;" | இக்கட்டுரை [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:வரைவுக் கட்டுரைகள்|வரைவு] நிலையில் உள்ளது என்பதைக் குறிக்கும் செய்தியைக் காட்டுகிறது; இது கட்டுரையின் இறுதியில் சேர்க்கப்பட வேண்டும். | {{Wy/ta/Outlinecity}} |- | style="font-weight:600; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;" | {{Wy/ta/Template link general|Usablecity}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Usableregion}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Usablecountry}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Usablephrasebook}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Usabletopic}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Usableitinerary}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Usablepark}} | style="vertical-align:middle;" | கட்டுரை [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:பயனுள்ள கட்டுரைகள்|பயனுள்ளவை]] நிலையில் இருப்பதாகக் கூறும் செய்தியைக் காட்டுகிறது; அதை கட்டுரையின் கீழே சேர்க்க வேண்டும். | {{Wy/ta/Usablecity}} |- | style="font-weight:600; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;" | {{Wy/ta/Template link general|Guidecity}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Guideregion}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Guidecountry}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Guidephrasebook}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Guidetopic}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Guideitinerary}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Guidepark}} | style="vertical-align:middle;" | Displays a message stating that the article is at [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:வழிகாட்டிக் கட்டுரைகள்|வழிகாட்டி]] status; it should be added to the bottom of the article. | {{Wy/ta/Guidecity}} |- | style="font-weight:600; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;" | {{Wy/ta/Template link general|Starcity}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Starregion}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Starcountry}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Starphrasebook}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Startopic}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Staritinerary}}<br />{{Wy/ta/Template link general|Starpark}} | style="vertical-align:middle;" | இக்கட்டுரை [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:நட்சத்திரக் கட்டுரைகள்|நட்சத்திரம்]] நிலையில் உள்ளது என்பதைக் குறிக்கும் செய்தியைக் காட்டுகிறது; இது கட்டுரையின் இறுதியில் சேர்க்கப்பட வேண்டும். | {{Wy/ta/Starcity}} |- | style="font-weight:600; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;" | {{Wy/ta/Template link general|Starnomination}} | style="vertical-align:middle;" | கட்டுரை [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:நட்சத்திரக் கட்டுரைகள்|நட்சத்திரம்]] பதவி உயர்வுக்கு பரிந்துரைக்கப்பட்டதாக ஒரு செய்தியைக் காட்டுகிறது; இது {{Wy/ta/template link general|Pagebanner}} வார்ப்புருவுக்குக் கீழே நேரடியாக கட்டுரையின் மேல் சேர்க்கப்பட வேண்டும். | {{Wy/ta/Starnomination}} |- | style="font-weight:600; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;" | {{Wy/ta/Template link general|Destarnomination}} | style="vertical-align:middle;" | கட்டுரை அதன் [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:நட்சத்திரக் கட்டுரைகள்|நட்சத்திரம்]] நிலையை இழக்க முன்மொழியப்பட்ட பிறகு மதிப்பாய்வில் இருப்பதாகக் கூறும் செய்தியைக் காட்டுகிறது; இது {{Wy/ta/template link general|Pagebanner}} வார்ப்புருவிற்கு கீழே நேரடியாக கட்டுரையின் மேல் சேர்க்கப்பட வேண்டும். | {{Wy/ta/Destarnomination}} |- | style="font-weight:600; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;" | {{Wy/ta/Template link general|Starpotential}} | style="vertical-align:middle;" | கட்டுரைக்கான "நட்சட்த்திர"ப் பரிந்துரை வெற்றிபெறாதது குறித்தும், அது ஏன் மதிப்பாய்வில் தேர்ச்சி பெறவில்லை என்பதற்கான காரணங்கள் குறித்தும் வாசகர்களுக்குத் தெரிவிக்கும் செய்தியை இது காட்டுகிறது; இது கட்டுரையின் ''கலந்துரையாடல்'' பக்கத்தின் மேற்பகுதியில் இடம்பெற வேண்டும். | {{Wy/ta/Starpotential}} |} == [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:பொருள் தெளிவாக்கப் பக்கங்கள்|பொருள் தெளிவாக்கப் பக்கங்கள்]] == {| class="wikitable" style="background-color:#fff; color: black;" |- ! scope="col" style="width:12%;" | விக்கி குறிமுறை ! scope="col" style="width:24%;" | நோக்கம் ! scope="col" | வார்ப்புருவின் தோற்றம் |- | style="font-weight:600; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;" | {{Wy/ta/Template link general|Confused|&lsqb;[Sibu]&rsqb;, &lsqb;[Sarawak]&rsqb;}} | style="vertical-align:middle;" | கட்டுரையில் உள்ள தலைப்பிற்கும், அதே போன்ற பெயரைக் கொண்ட வேறொரு இடத்திற்கும் இடையே குழப்பம் ஏற்பட வாய்ப்புள்ளதை வாசகர்களுக்குத் தெரிவிக்கும் செய்தியைக் காட்டுகிறது. | {{Wy/ta/Confused|[[Sibu]], [[Sarawak]]}} |- | style="font-weight:600; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;" | {{Wy/ta/Template link general|Disamb}} | style="vertical-align:middle;" | இந்தப் பக்கம் ஒரு [[Wikivoyage:Disambiguation pages|தெளிவுபடுத்தும் பக்கம்]] என்பதைக் குறிக்கும் செய்தியைக் காட்டுகிறது; இது அனைத்து தெளிவுபடுத்தும் பக்கங்களின் கீழ்ப்பகுதியிலும் சேர்க்கப்பட வேண்டும். | {{Wy/ta/Disamb|nocat=1}} |- | style="font-weight:600; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; white-space:nowrap;" | {{Wy/ta/Template link general|Otheruses|Paris}} | style="vertical-align:middle;" | ஒரே மாதிரியான பெயர்களைக் கொண்ட பிற இடங்கள் இருப்பதை வாசகர்களுக்குத் தெரிவிக்கும் செய்தியைக் காட்டுகிறது. இது, பொதுவாக தெளிவுபடுத்தும் பக்கம் தேவைப்படும் அதே வேளையில், "மிகவும் புகழ்பெற்றது" என்ற விதிவிலக்கிற்கு உட்படும் கட்டுரைகளில் (உதாரணமாக: [[பாரிசு]] மற்றும் [[டென்மார்க்கு]]) பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது. இது கட்டுரையின் மேற்பகுதியில் சேர்க்கப்பட வேண்டும்; இது அதன் அளவுருக்களில் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள தெளிவுபடுத்தும் பக்கங்களுக்கு ஒரு இணைப்பை உருவாக்கும். | {{Wy/ta/Otheruses|Wy/ta/பாரிசு}} |} [[Category:Wy/ta/Wikivoyage help]] dh1hkwzprpbhevwhy1k5mt7pfod60bs 0 3798761 7374320 7365588 2026-10-25T16:25:26Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Delhi banner India gate.jpg|pgname=புது தில்லி}} {{Wy/ta/PrintDistricts}} [[File:A walk through Mughal garden 02.jpg|thumb|ராஷ்டிரபதி பவன் பின்னணியில் அம்ரித் உத்யான்]] '''புது தில்லி'''' ([[Wy/ta/இந்தி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|இந்தி]]: '''नई दिल्ली''' ''நயி தில்லி'', [[Wy/ta/உருது சொற்றொடர்நூல்|உருது]]: '''نئی دہلی''' ''நயி தில்லி''), [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியக் குடியரசின்]] தலைநகர் மற்றும் அதன் மூன்று கிளைகளின் பரந்த அரசாங்கத்தின் இருக்கையாலும், சுற்றுப்பாதைகள், போக்குவரத்து வட்டங்கள், காலனித்துவ மாளிகைகள், மற்றும் அரசாங்க கட்டிடங்கள் ஆகியவற்றால் வகைப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது. பரந்த தில்லியின் [[Wy/ta/தில்லி|தேசிய தலைநகர் பிரதேசம்]], புது தில்லி ஒரு அரசியல் மையம் மட்டுமல்ல, இது இந்தியாவின் பல்வேறு பகுதிகளைச் சேர்ந்த மக்கள் வேலை செய்து வாழும் ஒரு செழிப்பான இடமாகும். ''கன்னாட் பிளேஸ்'' மற்றும் ''கான் மார்க்கெட்'' ஆகியவை பிரபலமான கடைவல மையங்கள் மற்றும் அருகிலுள்ள [[Wy/ta/தில்லி/மத்திய டெல்லி#நோக்குநிலை|பகர்கன்ச்சு]] பகுதியில் பல மலிவான ஹோட்டல்கள் உள்ளன. {{INTERWIKI|Q987}} {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/தில்லி}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} pbz3gc6prnyobzmjgd4bwmmarxo15e5 0 3799949 7374407 7283776 2026-10-25T19:34:46Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374407 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naomie Katoka Kasumpata''', muledibua mu dia matuku 10 ngondo wa muanda mukulu 1999, udi muena ditunga dia kongu wa mu ngalata muena manaya aa taekwondo. [[Category:Wp/lua]] 14d3wyxsslvchovgnau8ppxvbzxvy7c 7374410 7374407 2026-10-25T19:36:29Z Stephanekabongo38 2608321 /* */ 7374410 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naomie Katoka Kasumpata''', muledibua mu dia matuku 10 ngondo wa muanda mukulu 1999, udi muena [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia kongu wa mu ngalata]] muena manaya aa taekwondo. [[Category:Wp/lua]] t2knx7qzxzrd14ood1vfz7kftymgiyd 0 3802545 7374322 7294806 2026-10-25T16:27:09Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|WV banner Pondicherry beach.jpg|pgname=புதுச்சேரி (ஒன்றியப் பகுதி)}} [[File:Lagekarte Unionsterritorium Puducherry.png|thumb|புதுச்சேரியின் தனித்துள்ள பகுதிகள்]] '''புதுச்சேரி''' (தமிழ்: ''புதுச்சேரி'', [[Wy/ta/மலையாள சொற்றொடர்நூல்|மலையாளம்]]: ''പുതുച്ചേരി'', [[Wy/ta/தெலுங்கு சொற்றொடர்நூல்|தெலுங்கு]]: పుదుచ్చేరి) என்று தற்போது அதிகாரப்பூர்வமாக அழைக்கப்படும் ''பாண்டிச்சேரி'', [[Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா|தென்னிந்தியாவில்]] அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு ஒன்றியப் பகுதியாகும். இது மூன்று வெவ்வேறு மாநிலங்களில் பரவியுள்ள நான்கு தனித்தனிப் பகுதிகளைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. இப்பகுதிகள் முன்பு பிரெஞ்சு ஆட்சியின் கீழ் இருந்தன. பின்னர் அமைதியான முறையில் [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவிடம்]] ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்டன. இப்பகுதிகள் ஒவ்வொன்றும் தென்னிந்தியப் பின்னணியையும் பிரெஞ்சு காலனித்துவ வரலாற்றையும் இணைத்த ஒரு கலப்பு கலாச்சாரப் பாரம்பரியத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளன. == பிராந்தியங்கள் == * '''[[Wy/ta/புதுச்சேரி (மாவட்டம்)|புதுச்சேரி]]''' &mdash; ஒன்றியப் பகுதித் தலைநகரான [[Wy/ta/புதுச்சேரி|புதுச்சேரியை]] உள்ளடக்கிய, [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாட்டில்]] அமைந்துள்ள 11 நிலப்பகுதிகளைக் கொண்ட ஒரு தொகுதி. * '''[[Wy/ta/காரைக்கால்|காரைக்கால்]]''' &mdash; [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாட்டிற்கு]] மேலும் தெற்கே அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு தனிப்பகுதி * '''[[Wy/ta/மாகே (இந்தியா)|மாகே]]''' &mdash; [[Wy/ta/கேரளம்|கேரளத்தில்]] உள்ள இரண்டு தனித்த பகுதிகள் * '''[[Wy/ta/யானம்|யானம்]]''' &mdash; [[Wy/ta/ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்|ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசத்தில்]] உள்ள ஒரு தனிப்பகுதி {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா}} {{INTERWIKI|Q66743}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} b8t4xrn0re0inp9csjmbvgakdlnljzh 0 3803192 7374175 7297895 2026-10-25T12:23:35Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Ponta de Sao Lourenco banner.jpg|pgname=இயற்கை ஈர்ப்பிடங்கள்|caption=போண்டா டி சாவோ லூரென்சோ, மடீரா, போர்த்துகல்.}} மனிதகுலம் [[Wy/ta/பண்பாட்டு ஈர்ப்புகள்|பண்பாட்டு ஈர்ப்புகள்]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/கட்டிடக்கலை|கட்டிடக்கலை]] ஆகியவற்றால் தன்னைத்தானே கவர்ந்திருந்தாலும், நமது பெரும்பாலான சாதனைகள் '''இயற்கையின்''' அற்புதங்களால் மங்கிவிட்டன. [[File:Arches in Timna Park in summer 2011 (7).JPG|thumb|[[Wy/ta/இசுரேல்|இசுரேலில்]] உள்ள டிம்னா பூங்காவில் இயற்கையான கல் வளைவுகள்.]] இருப்பினும், இயற்கையின் மீது மனிதர்களின் தாக்கம் அதிகரித்து வருவதால், காலம் கடந்துவிடுவதற்கு முன்பாகவே இந்த அதிசயங்களைக் காணப் பல பயணிகள் விரும்புகின்றனர். வருங்கால சந்ததியினருக்காக இவற்றைப் பாதுகாக்கும் வகையில், [[Wy/ta/நிலைதிரியா சுற்றுலா|நிலைதிரியா சுற்றுலா]] மற்றும் [[Wy/ta/தடயமின்றி முகாம் அமைத்தல்|தடயமின்றி முகாம் அமைத்தல்]] போன்ற நடைமுறைகளை நாம் பின்பற்ற வேண்டும் என்று பலர் வலியுறுத்துகின்றனர். [[Wy/ta/புவியியல் சுற்றுலா|புவியியல்]] என்பது நமது கோளின் திடமான பகுதியைப் பற்றிய ஆய்வாகும். ஆர்வலர்கள் மேற்கொள்ளும் புவியியல் செயல்பாடுகளில், இயற்கையான நில அமைப்புகளைப் பற்றி அறிந்துகொள்வதும் கனிமங்களைச் சேகரிப்பதும் அடங்கும். {{Wy/ta/PartOfTopic|பயணத் தலைப்புகள்}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} p26riinqftlobacckulamf0sl1189cr 0 3804954 7374178 7315651 2026-10-25T12:24:52Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|WV banner Rail travel in India.jpg|ftt=yes|pgname=இந்தியாவில் தொடருந்துப் பயணம்}} [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] தொடருந்துக் கட்டமைப்பு உலகின் மூன்றாவது மிகப்பெரிய அமைப்பாகும். எப்போதும் துல்லியமான நேரத்தைக் கடைப்பிடிக்காவிட்டாலும், இந்த தொடருந்து சேவை மிகவும் திறமையானது. 60,000 கிலோமீட்டருக்கும் அதிகமான நீளமுள்ள தண்டவாளங்கள் 7,500-க்கும் மேற்பட்ட தொடருந்து நிலையங்களை இணைப்பதுடன், நாள்தோறும் சுமார் 2 கோடி (20 மில்லியன்) மக்களை ஏற்றிச் செல்கின்றன. இந்தியாவில் பயணிக்க வேண்டிய தூரம் அதிகம் என்பதாலும், இந்திய தொடருந்துகள் உலகின் மிகச்சிறந்த தொடருந்துகள் என்று சொல்ல முடியாவிட்டாலும், அவற்றில் பயணிப்பது ஒரு சுற்றுலாப் பயணியின் அனுபவத்திற்கு ஒரு ஆர்வத்தைத் தூண்டும் புதிய பரிமாணத்தை அளிக்கும். உள்ளூர் மக்களுடன் நட்பை ஏற்படுத்திக்கொள்ளவும், இந்தியாவின் கண்கவர் மற்றும் பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்ட கிராமப்புற அழகை ரசிக்கவும் இதைவிடச் சிறந்த வழி வேறெதுவும் இல்லை. பல வழித்தடங்களில், பயணம் செய்வதற்கு தொடருந்தே மிக வேகமான மற்றும் மலிவான வழியாகும். இந்தியாவின் தேசிய தொடருந்துக் கட்டமைப்பில் உள்ள அனைத்து தொடருந்துகளும், அரசால் இயக்கப்படும் 'இந்திய ரயில்வே'யால் (ஐஆர்) இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == [[File:Indian Railways network-en.svg|thumb|upright=1.1|இந்தியாவின் தொடருந்து வலைப்பின்னலின் வரைபடம் (2019-ஆம் ஆண்டு நிலவரப்படி)]] === வரலாறு === {{INTERWIKI|Q914913}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} hvyhwth888dvoe4u6s6108ylle2wh2l 0 3810560 7374309 7332609 2026-10-25T16:18:42Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Preparation WV banner.jpg|pgname=பயணத் தயாரிப்பு}} '''பயணத் தயாரிப்பு''' தொடர்பான பல [[Wy/ta/பயணத் தலைப்புகள்|பயணத் தலைப்புகள்]] உள்ளன. ==உங்கள் பயணங்களைத் திட்டமிடுதல்== {{Wy/ta/Quote|வாய்ப்பானது ஆயத்தமான மனதிற்கே சாதகமாக அமைகிறது.|author=லூயிஸ் பாஸ்டர்}} * [[Wy/ta/பயணம் குறித்த அடிப்படைத் தகவல்கள்|பயணம் குறித்த அடிப்படைத் தகவல்கள்]] * [[Wy/ta/பயணத்திற்கான ஆயத்தங்கள்|பயணத்திற்கான ஆயத்தங்கள்]] * [[Wy/ta/பயண முகமைகள்|பயண முகமைகள்]] * [[Wy/ta/பயணத் தகவல் திரட்டிகள்|பயணத் தகவல் திரட்டிகள்]] * [[Wy/ta/உடல் தகுதி|உடல் தகுதி]] * [[Wy/ta/மாற்றுத்திறனாளிப் பயணிகள்|மாற்றுத்திறனாளிப் பயணிகள்]] * [[Wy/ta/மனநலச் சிக்கல் உள்ளவர்களின் பயணம்|மனநலச் சிக்கல் உள்ளவர்களின் பயணம்]] * [[Wy/ta/நேர மேலாண்மை|நேர மேலாண்மை]] * [[Wy/ta/சிக்கனப் பயணம்|சிக்கனப் பயணம்]] * [[Wy/ta/குழுப் பயணத்தை ஏற்பாடு செய்தல்|குழுப் பயணத்தை ஏற்பாடு செய்தல்]] * [[Wy/ta/பயண இலக்கியம்|பயண இலக்கியம்]] * [[Wy/ta/செல்லப்பிராணிகளைப் பராமரித்தல்|செல்லப்பிராணிகளைப் பராமரித்தல்]] ==எல்லைக் கடப்பு== நீங்கள் வெளிநாட்டிற்குப் பயணம் செய்யத் திட்டமிட்டுள்ளீர்களா? சில எல்லைகளை எவ்வித ஆவணங்களும் இல்லாமலே கடக்க முடிந்தாலும், வேறு சிலவற்றைக் கடக்க நீண்ட விசா விண்ணப்ப நடைமுறைகள் தேவைப்படுகின்றன. ==உபகரணங்கள்== ==ஆவணங்கள்== ==மேலும் காண்க== {{Wy/ta/PartOfTopic|Wy/ta/பயணத் தலைப்புகள்}} {{INTERWIKI|Q14201942}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 3rnjtiyliu9d4kz5pu9ofgid8704d27 0 3810593 7374192 7362354 2026-10-25T12:40:18Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|TirunelveliPanorama.jpg|pgname=திருநெல்வேலி|caption=இரவில் திருநெல்வேலியின் பரந்த காட்சி}} '''திருநெல்வேலி''' (''நெல்லை'' என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது), [[Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா|தென்னிந்திய]] மாநிலமான [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாட்டில்]] உள்ள ஒரு நகரமாகும். இந்நகரம் [[Wy/ta/திருநெல்வேலி (மாவட்டம்)|திருநெல்வேலி மாவட்டத்தின்]] நிர்வாகத் தலைமையிடமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. == புரிந்து கொள்ளுங்கள் == திருநெல்வேலி நகரம் தமிழ்நாட்டின் ஆறாவது பெரிய நகரமாகவும், திருநெல்வேலி மாவட்டத்தின் தலைமையிடமாகவும் விளங்குகிறது. சுமார் 3,000 ஆண்டுகள் பழமையான இந்நகரம், இந்தியத் துணைக்கண்டத்தின் மிகப்பழமையான நகரங்களில் ஒன்றாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. இது தாமிரபரணி ஆற்றின் மேற்குக்கரையில் அமைந்துள்ளது. திருநெல்வேலியின் இரட்டை நகரமான '''பாளையங்கோட்டை''' ஆற்றின் கிழக்குக்கரையில் அமைந்துள்ளது. பல பள்ளிகள் மற்றும் கல்லூரிகள் அமைந்துள்ளதால், பாளையங்கோட்டை "தென்னிந்தியாவின் ஆக்சுபோர்டு" என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. திருநெல்வேலி ''அல்வா''வுக்குப் பெயர் பெற்றது. {{Wy/ta/Stub}} dkv346objthvkijj58c49vtmgb8vw06 0 3810596 7374194 7362384 2026-10-25T12:41:10Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Tiruppur banner.jpg|pgname=திருப்பூர்|caption=திருப்பூரின் அழகை ரசிக்கும் குரங்கு}} '''திருப்பூர்''', [[Wy/ta/தென்னிந்தியா|தென்னிந்திய]] மாநிலமான [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாட்டில்]] அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு நகரமாகும். [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] மொத்த பருத்தி பின்னலாடை ஏற்றுமதியில் 90 சதவீதப் பங்களிப்பை இந்நகரம் கொண்டிருப்பதால், இது ''இந்தியாவின் பின்னலாடைத் தலைநகரம்'' என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. == புரிந்து கொள்ளுங்கள் == {{Wy/ta/Climate chart |திருப்பூர் |18.0 |24.0 |14.0 |19.0 |27.0 |12.0 |21.0 |29.0 |16.0 |23.0 |28.0 |58.0 |23.0 |30.0 |71.0 |22.0 |23.0 |43.0 |22.0 |25.0 |58.0 |22.0 |23.0 |39.0 |22.0 |24.0 |66.0 |22.0 |23.0 |164.0 |21.0 |24.0 |138.0 |19.0 |22.0 |39.0 |float=right |clear=right |source=[[:w:ta:திருப்பூர்]] |description= }} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} n2i9g2y1650s4jwtsp2rart8ald3jyg 0 3810597 7374308 7332608 2026-10-25T16:18:06Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Hatnote|குறிப்பிட்ட இடங்களில் செய்யக்கூடிய செயல்பாடுகள் குறித்த தகவல்களுக்கு, [[Wy/ta/சேருமிடங்கள்|சேருமிடங்கள்]] அல்லது [[Special:nearby|அருகிலுள்ளவை]] அல்லது தொலைவில் உள்ள இடங்கள் குறித்த கட்டுரைகளைப் பார்க்கவும்.}} {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Azores banner Hiking.jpg|pgname=பயணச் செயல்பாடுகள்}} இசுகூபா மூழ்கல் அல்லது பாறையேற்றம் போன்ற குறிப்பிட்ட செயல்பாடுகளுக்கு ஏற்ற இடங்களையே பல பயணிகள் தேடிச் செல்கின்றனர். பயணத்தையும் உலகைச் சுற்றிப் பார்ப்பதையும் தங்களின் பொழுதுபோக்குகளுடன் இணைத்துக்கொள்வது ஒரு அற்புதமான அனுபவமாகும். இத்தகைய பயணச் செயல்பாடுகளில் சிலவற்றில் ஈடுபடச் சிறப்புக் கருவிகள், பயிற்சி அல்லது திட்டமிடல் தேவைப்படலாம். ஆனால் வேறு சிலவோ, இதமான நீரை ரசிப்பதற்காக ஒரு வெந்நீர் ஊற்றில் இறங்கி இளைப்பாறுவது போல மிகவும் எளிமையானவையாகவும் இருக்கலாம். == வெளிப்புற வாழ்க்கை == * [[Wy/ta/முகாமிடுதல்|முகாமிடுதல்]] * [[Wy/ta/மகிழுந்து முகாமிடுதல்|மகிழுந்து முகாமிடுதல்]] * [[Wy/ta/சிறிய படகில் கடல் உலா|சிறிய படகில் கடல் உலா]] * [[Wy/ta/பொதுப் பறப்பியல்|பொதுப் பறப்பியல்]] * [[Wy/ta/வழித்தடம் விலகிய வாகன ஓட்டுதல்|வழித்தடம் விலகிய வாகன ஓட்டுதல்]] * [[Wy/ta/கனிமக்கல் சேகரிப்பு|கனிமக்கல் சேகரிப்பு]] * [[Wy/ta/சவாரிகள்|சவாரிகள்]] * [[Wy/ta/குளிர்கால வாகன ஓட்டுதல்|குளிர்கால வாகன ஓட்டுதல்]] {{Wy/ta/PartOfTopic|Wy/ta/பயணத் தலைப்புகள்}} {{INTERWIKI|Q782762}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} c63e0og9r89hviiq3p0awy7z58weo31 0 3810615 7374217 7362592 2026-10-25T12:53:25Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner||pgname=நாகபட்டினம் (மாவட்டம்)}} '''நாகப்பட்டினம்''' மாவட்டம் [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] மாநிலத்திலுள்ள 38 மாவட்டங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/சோழ நாடு}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} iwz7d8e391xgek6t2iaga6btpovkd0o 0 3810616 7374221 7365584 2026-10-25T12:54:43Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374221 wikitext text/x-wiki '''நாமக்கல்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] மாநிலத்திலுள்ள 38 மாவட்டங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/கொங்கு நாடு}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} f8mxdc4byfma81n52scvtcckm1ry174 0 3810617 7374222 7322223 2026-10-25T12:55:23Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374222 wikitext text/x-wiki '''நீலகிரி''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] மாநிலத்திலுள்ள 38 மாவட்டங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 9qd0impgjb7who3mmt77ov8otx0n7n5 0 3810620 7374321 7322226 2026-10-25T16:26:12Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''புதுக்கோட்டை''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] மாநிலத்திலுள்ள 38 மாவட்டங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 9gavxvzo8ucqk88fqg3ed2ye6m8xhld 0 3810621 7374172 7322228 2026-10-25T12:22:23Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374172 wikitext text/x-wiki '''இராணிப்பேட்டை''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] மாநிலத்திலுள்ள 38 மாவட்டங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} d45sichnhnydxnnd0q0bh85k8gqzp4c 0 3810623 7374207 7371729 2026-10-25T12:46:11Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''தென்காசி''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] மாநிலத்திலுள்ள 38 மாவட்டங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q75094121}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 7djcg8901vdjcla6yr559e9kkqe1rg6 0 3810625 7374212 7371742 2026-10-25T12:47:49Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374212 wikitext text/x-wiki '''தேனி''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] மாநிலத்திலுள்ள 38 மாவட்டங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். == நகரங்கள் == * [[Wy/ta/தேனி|தேனி]] — கும்பக்கரை நீர்வீழ்ச்சிக்கு அருகில் * தேவதானப்பட்டி — * பெரியகுளம் — அதன் புத்தம் புதிய பழங்களுக்காக 'மாம்பழ நகரம்' என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q15196}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} j4h6ah9m608sa73r72qzawjwpt8bh6e 0 3810626 7374193 7322234 2026-10-25T12:40:45Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''திருப்பத்தூர்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] மாநிலத்திலுள்ள 38 மாவட்டங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 5sempg1i7osk8rxnvcupo52znjyh6gs 0 3810627 7374196 7322236 2026-10-25T12:41:52Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''திருவண்ணாமலை''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] மாநிலத்திலுள்ள 38 மாவட்டங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 7u7irekq83t81nb00ndeneezzlgiwdz 0 3810628 7374199 7322237 2026-10-25T12:43:16Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374199 wikitext text/x-wiki '''திருவாரூர்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/இந்தியா|இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாடு]] மாநிலத்திலுள்ள 38 மாவட்டங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} dsdal4k3eqhvvl7azcah98bmc10v4sa 2 3810729 7374328 7323058 2026-10-25T16:37:49Z Jackie SMG 2604080 /* */ 7374328 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Wp/es]] rlzg8qcw3jqi014wy7uxzkpy0m321lb 0 3813190 7374245 7352065 2026-10-25T13:51:51Z Jau12234 2683944 /* */ 7374245 wikitext text/x-wiki Note that the Main Page is under construction. {| wikitable border="2" width="100%" |[[File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg|left|150px|border]] <div class="center"><big><big> Uis, lo anan Wikipedia Gedaged-en.</big></big><br /> Buk {{Wp/gdd/NUMBEROFARTICLES}} i kani Wikipedia eni-lon. |} {| wikitable border="2" width="100%" !Buk-paspas ulaen |[[Wp/gdd/Cristiano Ronaldo|Cristiano Ronaldo]] |} {| wikitable border="2" width="100%" | <div style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.4em"> '''O anan marweng foun o-lon bageit.''' <inputbox> type=create width=15 buttonlabel=Bageit default=Wp/gdd/ break=no </inputbox> |} {| wikitable border="2" width="100%" ! Kankan mahlon |- |[[Wp/gdd/Tutun|Tutun]] |- |[[Wp/gdd/Uzen master tutun|Uzen master tutun]] |- |[[Wp/gdd/Ab kankan oho-ŋi|Ab kankan oho-ŋi]] |} [[Category:Wp/gdd]] fz1a9zczzb9ccj8wl3mdhnou4xvqndx 0 3813193 7374244 7329686 2026-10-25T13:48:41Z Jau12234 2683944 /* */ 7374244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/gdd/Gabiani}} [[File: Homo sapiens Skeleton.jpg|400px|thumb|Tanol i anan [[Wp/gdd/Dog|dog]]-guden]] Homo sapiens ini i borbor [[Wp/gdd/Mammal|mammal]], i anan suen [[Wp/gdd/Hominidae|Hominidae]]-en. [[Category:Wp/gdd]] l2t0lzyt8y2rwr6nco4mty02noc1t2j 2 3819512 7374618 7343918 2026-10-26T04:46:48Z Syunsyunminmin 2576388 Syunsyunminmin moved page [[User:6149420a]] to [[User:バズーカルパン]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/6149420a|6149420a]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/バズーカルパン|バズーカルパン]]" 7343918 wikitext text/x-wiki 6149420aです。 {{#babel:ja|en-2|it-1}} 3xv40g13vuz3ooourr8eitha25849x1 0 3821752 7374803 7362648 2026-10-26T10:19:56Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 7374803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Killinoichchi banner Srilanka.jpg|pgname=கிளிநொச்சி}} '''கிளிநொச்சி''' இலங்கையின் வட மாகாணத்தில் உள்ள கிளிநொச்சி மாவட்டத்தின் முதன்மை நகரமாகும். இது [[Wy/ta/யாழ்ப்பாணம்|யாழ்ப்பாணத்திலிருந்து]] தெற்கே ஏ9 நெடுஞ்சாலையில் அமைந்துள்ளது. விவசாயத்தை முதன்மையாகக் கொண்ட கிளிநொச்சிப் பகுதியில் நெல் வயல்கள், நீர்ப்பாசனக் குளங்கள், பனை மரங்கள் ஆகியவற்றைக் காணலாம். இலங்கை உள்நாட்டுப் போரின்போது கிளிநொச்சி முக்கிய இடமாக விளங்கியது. போரின் முடிவுக்குப் பின்னர் நகரம் பெருமளவில் மீளக் கட்டமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. நகரத்திலும் அதனைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பகுதிகளிலும் போருடன் தொடர்புடைய நினைவுச்சின்னங்கள், பெரிய நீர்ப்பாசனக் குளங்கள் மற்றும் கிராமப்புற நிலப்பரப்புகளைக் காணலாம். == அறிந்து கொள்ளுங்கள் == கிளிநொச்சி நகரம் 1936ஆம் ஆண்டில் விவசாயக் குடியேற்றத் திட்டத்துடன் வளர்ச்சியடையத் தொடங்கியது. இரணைமடுக் குளம் உள்ளிட்ட நீர்ப்பாசனத் திட்டங்கள் இப்பகுதியின் விவசாய வளர்ச்சியில் முக்கிய பங்கு வகிக்கின்றன. 1990களிலிருந்து 2009 வரை நடைபெற்ற உள்நாட்டுப் போரினால் கிளிநொச்சியும் சுற்றுப்புறப் பகுதிகளும் கடுமையாகப் பாதிக்கப்பட்டன. இன்று நகரம் மீளக் கட்டமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளதுடன் வடக்கின் முக்கிய போக்குவரத்து மையங்களில் ஒன்றாகவும் உள்ளது. == செல்லுங்கள் == === தொடருந்தில் === கிளிநொச்சி, கொழும்பையும் யாழ்ப்பாணத்தையும் இணைக்கும் வடக்குத் தொடருந்துப் பாதையில் அமைந்துள்ளது. கொழும்பு கோட்டை, அனுராதபுரம், வவுனியா மற்றும் யாழ்ப்பாணம் ஆகிய இடங்களிலிருந்து கிளிநொச்சிக்குத் தொடருந்துகள் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. {{Wy/ta/Go | name=கிளிநொச்சி தொடருந்து நிலையம் | alt= | url= | email= | address=கிளிநொச்சி | lat=9.3875 | long=80.4078 | directions=நகர மையத்திற்கு அருகில் | phone= | hours= | price= | wikidata=Q15964651 | wikipedia=கிளிநொச்சி தொடருந்து நிலையம் | content=வடக்குத் தொடருந்துப் பாதையில் அமைந்துள்ள கிளிநொச்சியின் பிரதான தொடருந்து நிலையம். கொழும்பிற்கும் யாழ்ப்பாணத்திற்கும் இடையே பயணிக்கும் தொடருந்துகள் இங்கு நிற்கின்றன. }} === பேருந்தில் === கொழும்பு, வவுனியா மற்றும் யாழ்ப்பாணம் உள்ளிட்ட நகரங்களிலிருந்து ஏ9 நெடுஞ்சாலை வழியாக கிளிநொச்சிக்குப் பேருந்துகள் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. கொழும்பிலிருந்து யாழ்ப்பாணம் நோக்கிச் செல்லும் பல நீண்டதூரப் பேருந்துகளும் கிளிநொச்சி வழியாகச் செல்கின்றன. யாழ்ப்பாணத்திலிருந்து கிளிநொச்சிக்கு அடிக்கடி பேருந்துகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. === வாடகை வாகனத்தில் === ஏ9 நெடுஞ்சாலை கிளிநொச்சி நகரத்தின் ஊடாகச் செல்கிறது. யாழ்ப்பாணம், வவுனியா போன்ற இடங்களிலிருந்து வாடகை வாகனங்களிலும் கிளிநொச்சியை அடையலாம். == சுற்றிப் பாருங்கள் == நகர மையத்திலுள்ள பல இடங்களுக்கு முச்சக்கரவண்டியில் செல்லலாம். நகரத்திற்கு வெளியே உள்ள இரணைமடு, பூநகரி போன்ற இடங்களுக்குச் செல்ல வாடகை வாகனம் வசதியானது. உள்ளூர் பேருந்துகளும் கிடைக்கின்றன. == பாருங்கள் == {{Wy/ta/See | name=இரணைமடுக் குளம் | alt=இரணைமடு நீர்த்தேக்கம் | url= | email= | address=இரணைமடு, கிளிநொச்சி மாவட்டம் | lat=9.30038 | long=80.45131 | directions=கிளிநொச்சி நகருக்குத் தென்கிழக்கே | phone= | hours= | price=இலவசம் | wikidata=Q12974577 | wikipedia=இரணைமடுக் குளம் | content=வட மாகாணத்தின் முக்கியமான நீர்ப்பாசன நீர்த்தேக்கங்களில் ஒன்று. கிளிநொச்சிப் பகுதியின் விவசாயத்திற்கு முக்கியமான நீராதாரமாக உள்ளது. அதிகாலை அல்லது மாலை நேரத்தில் குளத்தையும் சுற்றியுள்ள இயற்கைக் காட்சிகளையும் பார்வையிடலாம். }} {{Wy/ta/See | name=அழிக்கப்பட்ட நீர்த்தாங்கி | alt=கிளிநொச்சி நீர்த்தாங்கி | url= | email= | address=கிளிநொச்சி | lat=9.39499 | long=80.40875 | directions=ஏ9 நெடுஞ்சாலைக்கு அருகில் | phone= | hours= | price= | wikidata= | wikipedia= | content=உள்நாட்டுப் போரின்போது அழிக்கப்பட்ட பெரிய நீர்த்தாங்கியின் எச்சம். கிளிநொச்சியின் அண்மைக்கால வரலாற்றுடன் தொடர்புடைய இடங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். }} {{Wy/ta/See | name=கிளிநொச்சி போர் நினைவுச்சின்னம் | alt= | url= | email= | address=கிளிநொச்சி | lat=9.3802886 | long=80.3769999 | directions= | phone= | hours= | price= | wikidata= | wikipedia= | content=இலங்கை உள்நாட்டுப் போருடன் தொடர்புடைய நினைவுச்சின்னம். இத்தகைய போர் தொடர்பான இடங்களைப் பார்வையிடும்போது உள்ளூர் மக்களின் அனுபவங்களையும் உணர்வுகளையும் மதித்து நடப்பது நல்லது. }} {{Wy/ta/See | name=பூநகரிக் கோட்டை | alt= | url= | email= | address=பூநகரி | lat=9.503370 | long=80.212141 | directions=கிளிநொச்சியிலிருந்து மேற்கே பூநகரியில் | phone= | hours= | price= | wikidata= | wikipedia=பூநகரிக் கோட்டை | content=போர்த்துக்கேயரால் அமைக்கப்பட்ட பழைய கோட்டையின் இடிபாடுகள். பின்னர் ஒல்லாந்தர் மற்றும் பிரித்தானியரின் கட்டுப்பாட்டிலும் இருந்தது. கோட்டை தற்போது பெருமளவில் சிதைவடைந்த நிலையில் உள்ளது. }} == செய்யுங்கள் == {{Wy/ta/Do | name=இரணைமடுக் குளக்கட்டில் சுற்றிப் பாருங்கள் | alt= | url= | email= | address=இரணைமடு | lat=9.30038 | long=80.45131 | directions= | phone= | hours= | price=இலவசம் | wikidata=Q12974577 | wikipedia=இரணைமடுக் குளம் | content=குளக்கட்டிலிருந்து நீர்த்தேக்கத்தையும் சுற்றியுள்ள விவசாய நிலங்களையும் பார்வையிடலாம். அதிகாலை மற்றும் மாலை நேரங்கள் இயற்கைக் காட்சிகளை ரசிப்பதற்கு ஏற்றவை. }} == வாங்குங்கள் == கிளிநொச்சி நகர மையத்தில் பல்பொருள் அங்காடிகள், சிறிய கடைகள் மற்றும் உள்ளூர் சந்தைகள் உள்ளன. உள்ளூரில் விளையும் விவசாயப் பொருட்கள் மற்றும் பனை சார்ந்த பொருட்களையும் வாங்கலாம். == சாப்பிடுங்கள் == கிளிநொச்சியில் தமிழ் மற்றும் இலங்கை உணவு வகைகளை வழங்கும் பல சிறிய உணவகங்கள் உள்ளன. {{Wy/ta/Eat | name=அம்மாச்சி உணவகம் | alt= | url= | email= | address=கிளிநொச்சி | lat=9.3889761 | long=80.4086009 | directions= | phone=+94 21 228 5726 | hours=தி-ச 07:00-19:30 | price=மலிவு | wikidata= | wikipedia= | content=உள்ளூர் தமிழ் உணவு வகைகள், பாரம்பரிய உணவுகள் மற்றும் சிற்றுண்டிகளை வழங்கும் உணவகம். }} {{Wy/ta/Eat | name=வன்னியன் உணவகம் | alt= | url=https://vanniyanrestaurant.com/ | email= | address=கிளிநொச்சி | lat= | long= | directions= | phone=+94 21 228 6624 | hours=தினமும் 10:30-23:00 | price=நடுத்தரம் | wikidata= | wikipedia= | content=தமிழ், இலங்கை மற்றும் கடலுணவு வகைகளை வழங்கும் குடும்ப உணவகம். சைவ உணவு வகைகளும் கிடைக்கின்றன. }} {{Wy/ta/Eat | name=பீனிக்ஸ் உணவகம் | alt= | url= | email= | address=ஏ9 நெடுஞ்சாலை, கிளிநொச்சி 44000 | lat= | long= | directions= | phone=+94 77 700 9756 | hours=தினமும் 11:00-22:30 | price=நடுத்தரம் | wikidata= | wikipedia= | content=இலங்கை மற்றும் பொதுவான உணவு வகைகளை வழங்கும் உணவகம். }} == குடியுங்கள் == கிளிநொச்சியில் இரவு வாழ்க்கை மிகக் குறைவு. தேநீர், காப்பி, பழச்சாறு மற்றும் குளிர்பானங்கள் நகரிலுள்ள உணவகங்களிலும் சிற்றுண்டிச்சாலைகளிலும் கிடைக்கின்றன. == தங்குங்கள் == {{Wy/ta/Sleep | name=மருதம் விடுதி | alt= | url= | email= | address=9CR5+8F4, கிளிநொச்சி | lat= | long= | directions= | phone=+94 21 228 6677 | hours= | price= | wikidata= | wikipedia= | content=கிளிநொச்சி நகரிலுள்ள விடுதி. }} {{Wy/ta/Sleep | name=ஆர். எஸ். கிரீன் பாரதி ரிசார்ட் | alt= | url= | email= | address=கரடிப்போக்கு–உருத்திரபுரம் வீதி, கிளிநொச்சி | lat= | long= | directions= | phone=+94 77 704 2448 | hours= | price= | wikidata= | wikipedia= | content=கிளிநொச்சியில் உள்ள ரிசார்ட் வகைத் தங்குமிடம். }} {{Wy/ta/Sleep | name=லோட்டஸ் காட்டேஜ் விருந்தினர் இல்லம் | alt= | url= | email= | address=கிளிநொச்சி | lat= | long= | directions= | phone=+94 21 228 3222 | hours= | price= | wikidata= | wikipedia= | content=கிளிநொச்சியிலுள்ள விருந்தினர் இல்லம். }} == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == வழக்கமான பயணப் பாதுகாப்பு முன்னெச்சரிக்கைகளைப் பின்பற்றுங்கள். கிளிநொச்சியில் வெப்பமான காலநிலை நிலவக்கூடும் என்பதால் வெளியே நீண்ட நேரம் செலவிடும்போது போதிய குடிநீரை எடுத்துச் செல்லுங்கள். போருடன் தொடர்புடைய நினைவிடங்கள் மற்றும் எச்சங்களைப் பார்வையிடும்போது அவை உள்ளூர் மக்களின் அண்மைக்கால வரலாற்றுடனும் தனிப்பட்ட அனுபவங்களுடனும் தொடர்புடையவை என்பதை நினைவில் கொண்டு மரியாதையுடன் நடந்து கொள்ளுங்கள். == அடுத்ததாகச் செல்லுங்கள் == * [[Wy/ta/யாழ்ப்பாணம்|யாழ்ப்பாணம்]] – வடக்கின் முக்கிய நகரமும் தமிழ் பண்பாட்டு மையமும். * [[Wy/ta/மன்னார்|மன்னார்]] – கடற்கரைகள், வரலாற்றுச் சின்னங்கள் மற்றும் பறவைகளுக்குப் பெயர்பெற்ற தீவும் நகரமும். * [[Wy/ta/முல்லைத்தீவு|முல்லைத்தீவு]] – வடகிழக்குக் கடற்கரையிலுள்ள நகரம். * [[Wy/ta/வவுனியா|வவுனியா]] – ஏ9 நெடுஞ்சாலையிலும் வடக்குத் தொடருந்துப் பாதையிலும் அமைந்துள்ள முக்கிய நகரம். * [[Wy/ta/பூநகரி|பூநகரி]] – பழைய கோட்டையின் இடிபாடுகளைக் கொண்ட வரலாற்றுப் பகுதி. {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/வட மாகாணம் (இலங்கை)}} [[Category:Wy/ta]] [[Category:wy/ta/இலங்கை]] {{INTERWIKI|Q303317}} 2iaa8z97ukd83gpyv3r2pe14c237kl3 0 3823289 7374562 7362405 2026-10-26T02:52:27Z Rahul Doley 2712620 /* Porinam */ 7374562 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pobitro Kumar Pe:gu''' (Ingraji: Pobitra Kumar Pegu) == Onam == Dítag 1957, 21 September longédko.tro Kumar Pe:gu mé Dhokuakhona Kherkotamukh Érkép do:lu:do o:tagai. Bím oné Abu dok amin == Porinam == Bi pobug po:go dém do:lungí do pobug po:go dém pola.Odokké All Assam Miri Higher Secondary School do sin poka. == Réngam Ager == Bí DhokuakhonaTakam Mising Porin Kébang dok Abu, Mising Dírbi Kéba: dok oné Abu. Odokké Takam Mising Porin Kébang Ki:ni Kéba dok po:pé ké Kébag Nebí pé dítag 1982 dokké dítag 1985 do:pé dungai. Akak Bane Dibrugor Kendro émnam (Karpumpuli) dok lusarné pésin dungka. Po:pé Mising leke-dírbí lok sigmi:né (Mising Luko Sangskritir Gowekok). Dítag 2020, 29 pebuwari longédo Ahom ( Axom Sarkaror Hanskritik Honsalokaloyor upo Honsalok) podobi do: obohor langka.Supaksin OSD émnam réngam agerém gérra dung. == Aman == == Potin Adnam == Bi ajjo dokkéboi aíké mising dírbí agér gernan ang-asinko du:ngai. Réngam légapé bojérungko Mising odokké Ohomiya agom kí potiném bojéko áttag. Édé potín kírídok amin ném kéíkbo adkanbitung: 1.Prostuti (1978) 2.Mising Homaj Hongskriti Rengoni (2011) 3.Hora Phulere Malagathi (2021) 4.Mising Homaj Hongskriti Obolukon (2023) ''Mising Agom'' ki la:len nam potín kídí:de kéwík bo atkan bitung: 1.Karpumpuli Mising-Adi (1980) 2.Karpumpuli (2002) lenyiné la:len nam 3.No Lusum:anei Aíké Agomém (2017) == Mising Sine:mang''(Mising Film)'' == Bí mising réngam arasok luné-yalo "''Migang''" émnam amin ki mising agom lok la:len pongka. == Ka:yi:sunam == 1. 2. 3. [[Category:Wp/mrg]] [[Category:Wp/mrg/Mising tani]] 1zxl16q5o5r6e10264s82s1ha97723m 0 3823444 7374213 7371743 2026-10-25T12:48:10Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner | Formasa Station Banner.jpg}} '''தைவான்''' (மரபுவழிச் சீனம்: {{Wy/ta/Lang|zh-TW|台灣}} அல்லது {{Wy/ta/Lang|zh-TW|臺灣}}, ''Táiwān'') என்பது சீனாவின் கடற்கரைக்கு அப்பால் அமைந்துள்ள, ஒரு தீவுக்கூட்டம் ஆகும். இது உலகின் மிக அதிக மக்கள் அடர்த்தி கொண்ட இடங்களில் ஒன்று. நெரிசல் மிகுந்த நகரங்கள் மட்டுமல்லாமல், செங்குத்தான மலைகளுக்கும் செழிப்பான காடுகளுக்கும் தைவான் பெயர் பெற்றது. கண்ணைக் கவரும் இயற்கை எழில் மிக்க இடங்கள் தைவானில் ஏராளமாக உள்ளன; தாய்பெய் நகரம் பண்பாடு, பொழுதுபோக்கு செயல்பாடுகளின் மையமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. கணிசமான பொழுதுபோக்குத் துறையைக் கொண்டுள்ள இத்தீவு, மாண்டரின் மொழி பாப் பண்பாட்டின் மையமாகவும் விளங்குகிறது. {{Wy/ta/Disclaimerbox|சீன அரசு (சீன மக்கள் குடியரசு – PRC) தைவானைத் தனது ஆட்சிப்பகுதி என உரிமை கோருகிறது. ஆயினும், தைவான் நடைமுறையில் (''de facto'') தன்னைத்தானே நிர்வகித்து வருகிறது (சீனக் குடியரசு – ROC); சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளை பொறுத்தவரை அது ஒரு தனி நாடாகவே செயல்படுகிறது. ''சீன மக்கள் குடியரசு, சீனக் குடியரசு ஆகிய இரு தரப்பின் உரிமைகோரல்களில் எதையும் இப்பக்கம் ஆதரிக்கவில்லை.''}} [[Category:Wy/ta]] {{INTERWIKI|Q865}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 9pd6o5z8i7t6a4ltm48qq3j0fbiaewe 0 3823699 7374467 7354115 2026-10-25T21:45:19Z Kandarpajit Kallol 431804 /* */ 7374467 wikitext text/x-wiki '''আশাম''' (Assam) [[Wp/ctg/ইন্ডিয়া|ইন্ডিয়া]]র উত্তর-ফুগদি এক্কান জবর সুন্দর রেইজ্য। আশামর রাজধানী অইলদে দিসপুর এদ্দে ই রেইজ্যর বেগ্গুনত্তু ডঁ৴র শহর অইলদে গুয়াহাটি। ভৌগোলিক হিচাবে ই রেইজ্যর ফসিমদি [[Wp/ctg/বাঙলাদেশ|বাঙলাদেশ]], উতুরদি ভুটান এদ্দে অরুণাচল প্রদেশ, ফুগদি নাগাল্যান্ড এদ্দে মণিপুর, আর দইন-ফসিমদি মেঘালয় এদ্দে পশ্চিমবঙ্গ আস়ে। ব্রহ্মপুত্র দইজ্জা আর বরাক দইজ্জার জবিন লই আশাম রেইজ্য গড়ে উইঠ্যে। আশাম চা, তেল, প্রাকৃতিক গেছ এদ্দে জৈব বৈচিত্রর লাইগ্গা দুনিয়ার বেগ্গিনত্তুন মাজে জাইগ্গা অইয়া আছে। দুনিয়ার বেগ্গুনত্তু ডঁ৴র এক-শিংঅলা গণ্ডারর লাইগ্গা কাজিরাঙা জাতীয় উদ্যান বিখ্যাত; হেথায় এক-শিংওয়ালা গন্ডারর বেসি সংখ্যা পাওয়া যায়। আশামর মানুশর প্রধান উৎসব অইলদে 'বিহু'। ইয়াত অসমীয়া, বঙালী আর আদিবাসী মানুশ অক্কল একসাথে সান্তি গরি থাহে। [[Category:Wp/ctg]] 8m5ao9tv6x5rft3hbzq5c4nfmbhczzr 0 3823904 7374208 7371733 2026-10-25T12:46:37Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Mohenjodaro - view of the stupa mound (cropped).JPG|pgname=தெற்கு ஆசிய வரலாறு}} '''தெற்கு ஆசியா''' (இது ''இந்தியத் துணைக்கண்டம்'' என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகின்றது) உலகின் நாகரிகத் தொட்டில்களில் ஒன்றாகும். இங்குத் தோன்றிய முதல் நாகரிகங்கள் ஏறக்குறைய கி.மு. 3400-ஆம் ஆண்டைச் சேர்ந்தவை. தெற்கு ஆசிய அரசுகளின் தாக்கம் பரவலாகப் பரவியதன் விளைவாக, [[Wy/ta/தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியா|தென்கிழக்கு ஆசியாவில்]] இந்தியப் பண்பாட்டுத் தாக்கத்தைக் கொண்ட அரசுகள் நிறுவப்பட்டன. அவற்றின் மரபுகள் இன்றும் நிலைத்திருக்கின்றன. {{INTERWIKI|Q67141869}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} ive1xw6dv4zpaafih7awzks3jy24ccf 0 3824869 7374174 7362679 2026-10-25T12:23:12Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|WV banner Ratnagiri district Harnai fishing boats.jpg|pgname=இரத்தினகிரி}} '''இரத்தினகிரி''' [[Wy/ta/மேற்கு இந்தியா|மேற்கு இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/மகாராட்டிரம்|மகாராட்டிர]] மாநிலத்தில் உள்ள தென் கொங்கண் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளது. == புரிந்து கொள்ளுங்கள் == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == {{Wy/ta/Mapframe|16.99751|73.29419|zoom=12|layer=W}} == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == {{Wy/ta/Geo|16.994444|73.3}} {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/மகாராட்டிரம்}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} qq06twszel67ftdeby6ujt65mts75gb 0 3824871 7374190 7362644 2026-10-25T12:36:04Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Amboli banner1.jpg|pgname=அம்போலி}} '''அம்போலி''' ([[Wy/ta/மராட்டி சொற்றொடர்நூல்|மராட்டி]]: आंबोली) என்பது [[Wy/ta/மேற்கு இந்தியா|மேற்கு இந்தியாவின்]] [[Wy/ta/இந்தியாவில் உள்ள மலைவாழிடங்கள்|மேற்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலையில்]], [[Wy/ta/மகாராட்டிரம்|மகாராட்டிரத்தின்]] [[Wy/ta/தெற்கு கொங்கண்|தெற்கு கொங்கண்]] கடற்கரைப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு மலைவாழிடமாகும். கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து 690 மீட்டர் உயரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள இது, கோவாவின் கடற்கரை உயர்நிலப் பகுதிகளுக்கு முந்தைய கடைசி மலைவாழிடமாகவும், அதிகம் அறியப்படாத இடமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 0zefxsf33r3gu4opsjldp9aknwpseo2 0 3825237 7374216 7371745 2026-10-25T12:53:04Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Nagapattinam banner2.jpg|pgname=நாகப்பட்டினம்}} '''நாகப்பட்டினம்''' என்பது [[Wy/ta/தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழ்நாட்டின்]] ஒரு துறைமுக நகரமாகும். [[File:Sri Thirumeni Azhagar temple, Nagapattinam.jpg|thumb|ஸ்ரீ திருமேனி அழகர் கோயில்]] {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/நாகபட்டினம் (மாவட்டம்)}} {{Wy/ta/IsPartOf|Wy/ta/நாகபட்டினம் (மாவட்டம்)}} {{Wy/ta/Geo|10.6026203|79.7619348}} {{INTERWIKI|Q695585}} {{Wy/ta/Stub}} blbhggpyqippbt136rxwl91sqrh96ca 0 3825449 7374804 7363713 2026-10-26T10:20:30Z IDAHMEM 2716976 /* */ 7374804 wikitext text/x-wiki Tyap awu Iduh kizeh, nguh ipkem kizeh Kai,awuh riguh Iduh nu Nigeria nateba'a itsoh nuzdingah nu idungah. Ike awhenmboɔ,apkai ayisanmbɔ gæ Ukataf, ni dumem, mehn yisa nge Ntor, Ubaisti, Uyanfah, Terehtan. It is also known by its Hausa exonym as Katab or Kataf.[5][6] It is also known by the names of its dialectical varieties, including Sholyio, Fantswam, Gworok, Takad, "Mabatado" (Tyap 'proper'), Tyecharak, and Tuku. In spite of being listed separately from the Tyap cluster, Jju's separation, according to Blench R.M. (2018), seems to be increasingly ethnic rather than a linguistic reality.[ [[Category:Wp/jab]] aagshchx0wlpcx67jvsysfss1whqbpn 0 3825523 7374176 7366551 2026-10-25T12:24:19Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7374176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Dharamsala banner Monastery prayer wheel.jpg}} '''தர்மசாலா''' அல்லது தர்ம்சாலா (இந்தி: धर्मशाला Dharmshālā; திபெத்தியம்: དྷ་རམ་ས་ལ་), இது ஹிமாச்சல பிரதேசத்தில் உள்ள ஒரு மலைவாசஸ்தலம் ஆகும், இது தலாய் சமூகத்தின் பெரிய திபெத்திய நடவடிக்கைகளுக்குப் புகழ் பெற்றது. == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == தர்மசாலாவின் திபெத்திய பௌத்த வேர்கள் கி.பி. 8-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு வரை நீள்கின்றன; இருப்பினும், அங்குள்ள மக்களில் பெரும்பாலோர் நீண்ட காலத்திற்கு முன்பே இந்து மதத்திற்கு மாறி, இன்றும் அதையே பின்பற்றி வருகின்றனர். "தர்மசாலா" (Dharamsala) என்ற சொல்லுக்கு, "கோயிலுடன் இணைந்த தங்குமிடம்" என்று பொருள். காங்ராவில் இருந்த மாவட்டத் தலைமையகம் நெரிசல் மிகுந்ததாக மாறியதைத் தொடர்ந்து, 1840-களின் பிற்பகுதியில் பிரிட்டிஷார் தங்கள் படைகளில் இரண்டை, தற்போது தர்மசாலா என்று அழைக்கப்படும் பகுதிக்கு மாற்றினர். காலப்போக்கில், இப்பகுதி காங்ராவின் மாவட்டத் தலைமையகமாக வளர்ந்தது; இந்த இடம் தற்போது 'போலீஸ் லைன்ஸ்' (Police Lines) என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. தரம்சாலா இந்தியாவின் கோடைகாலத் தலைநகராக இருக்கக்கூடும் என்று முன்மொழியப்பட்டது. ஆனால், 1905-ஆம் ஆண்டு ஏப்ரல் 4- அன்று ஏற்பட்ட 7.8 ரிக்டர் அளவுள்ள நிலநடுக்கத்தால் இந்நகரத்தின் பெரும்பகுதி அழிந்து போனதால், அந்தத் திட்டம் நிறைவேறவில்லை. மக்கள் நடமாட்டம் குறைவாக இருந்த இந்தப் பகுதியில் நிகழ்ந்த அந்தப் பேரிடரில் 10,000-க்கும் மேற்பட்டோர் உயிரிழந்தனர். இந்திய சுதந்திரத்தின் தொடக்கக் காலங்களில் முக்கியத்துவத்தை இழந்து காணப்பட்ட தரம்சாலா, 1959-இல் தலாய் லாமா மற்றும் திபெத்திய நாடுகடத்தப்பட்ட அரசாங்கம் இங்கு வந்தடைந்ததைத் தொடர்ந்து, மீண்டும் ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட சமூக அந்தஸ்தைப் பெற்றது. இது வெளிநாட்டினரும் பௌத்த மத மாணவர்கள் பலரும் விரும்பிச் செல்லும் இடமாக மாறியுள்ளது. சொல்லப்போனால், தற்போது இது அளவுக்கு அதிகமாகவே பிரபலமடைந்துவிட்டது என்றுதான் சொல்ல வேண்டும்; இந்நகரம், குறிப்பாக மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (McLeod Ganj), ஒருவிதமான 'சுற்றுப்பயணிகளின் குடியிருப்புக் குடியேற்றமாக' (backpacker ghetto) மாறிவிட்டதாகப் பலர் கருதுகின்றனர். எனவே, அமைதியையும் நிசப்தத்தையும் எதிர்பார்த்து இங்கு வராதீர்கள். == காலநிலை == கீழ் தர்மசாலா 1,400 மீட்டர் உயரத்திலும், மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் சுமார் 1,750 மீட்டர் உயரத்திலும் அமைந்துள்ளன; இதனால் இவை கீழே உள்ள சமவெளிகளை விட கணிசமாகக் குளிர்ச்சியாக இருக்கின்றன. ஜனவரி மாதத்தில் வெப்பநிலை உறைநிலைக்குக் கீழே செல்லக்கூடும், அதே சமயம் ஜூன் மாதத்தில் 38°C வரை உயரலாம். ஜூலை முதல் செப்டம்பர் வரையிலான பருவமழைக் காலத்தில் அதிக மழை பொழியும். தலாய் லாமா தனது போதனைகளை வழங்கும் மார்ச் மாதத்தில் கூட — புது தில்லியில் இதமான வானிலை நிலவும் அதே வேளையில் — இங்கு உங்களுக்குத் தடிமனான குளிர்கால உடை தேவைப்படும். இத்தகைய உடைகளை நீங்கள் இந்த நகரத்திலேயே நியாயமான விலையில் வாங்கிக்கொள்ளலாம். == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == === வானூர்தியில் === காங்ரா விமான நிலையம் (DHM IATA) காங்ரா அருகிலுள்ள கக்கலில் அமைந்துள்ளது; இது மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சிலிருந்து சாலை வழியாக (MDR44 மற்றும் NH 154 வழியே) 15 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது. ==== தொடருந்தில் ==== புது தில்லியிலிருந்து இரவு நேரப் பயணத்தின் மூலம் எளிதாகச் சென்றடையக்கூடிய, பதான்கோட் மற்றும் அதற்கு அருகிலுள்ள சக்கி பேங்க் ஆகியவையே மிக அருகிலுள்ள முதன்மை மற்றும் சிறிய தொடருந்து நிலையங்களாகும். புது தில்லியிலிருந்து அம்ப் அண்டௌரா (Amb Andaura - AADR) செல்லும் வந்தே பாரத் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் (22447) மற்றொரு விரைவான பயண விருப்பமாகும். இது புது தில்லியிலிருந்து காலை 05:50 மணிக்குக் கிளம்பி, 11:05 மணியளவில் அம்ப் அண்டௌராவை வந்தடைகிறது (பயண நேரம் சுமார் 5 மணி நேரம் 15 நிமிடங்கள்). அம்ப் அண்டௌராவிலிருந்து தரம்சாலா சுமார் 88 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது (சாலை வழியாகச் செல்ல சுமார் 2 மணி நேரம் 30 நிமிடங்கள் ஆகும்). தரம்சாலா செல்வதற்கு, தொடருந்து நிலையத்திலேயே HRTC / ஹிமாச்சலப் பிரதேச சுற்றுலாத் துறை பேருந்துகளும், ஏராளமான வாடகையுந்தும் எளிதாகக் கிடைக்கின்றன. தொடருந்து ரசிகர்கள் பதன்கோட்டில் இருந்து மெதுவாகவும் கடினமானதாகவும் இருக்கும் ஆனால் அழகான குறுகிய பாதையான காங்க்ரா பள்ளத்தாக்கு தொடருந்துவில் காங்க்ராவிற்கு 4 மணிநேர பயணத்தைத் தொடரலாம். காங்க்ராவில் நடந்து அல்லது இழுவண்டிகள் மூலமும் பேருந்து நிறுத்தத்திற்கு செல்லவும், அங்கிருந்து தர்மசாலா செல்லும் பேருந்துகள் செல்லவும். இந்த தொடருந்து உண்மையில் காங்க்ராவிலிருந்து ஜோகிந்தர்நகருக்கு மேலும் தொடர்கிறது. ==== பேருந்தில் ==== 1 தர்மசாலா ISBT பேருந்து நிலையம். பெரும்பாலான மக்கள் பேருந்து மூலமாகவே கீழ் தர்மசாலாவை (Lower Dharamsala) வந்தடைகின்றனர். வட இந்தியாவின் பிற பகுதிகளுடன் இது நல்ல போக்குவரத்துத் தொடர்பைக் கொண்டுள்ளது; இருப்பினும், மலைப்பகுதிகளில் உள்ள குறுகிய மற்றும் வளைந்து நெளிந்த சாலைகளால் பயண நேரம் சற்று அதிகமாக இருக்கலாம். இமாச்சல சாலைப் போக்குவரத்து கழகத்தின் (HRTC - மாநில அரசு நிறுவனம்) பேருந்து டிக்கெட்டுகளை இணையவழியில் முன்பதிவு செய்துகொள்ளலாம். (ஆகஸ்ட் 2023-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது | திருத்து) 2 தர்மசாலா தனியார் வோல்வோ (Volvo) பேருந்து நிறுத்தம்.புது தில்லி மற்றும் பதான்கோட் செல்லும் சில பொது HRTC பேருந்துகள் மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சின் பிரதான சதுக்கத்திற்குச் செல்கின்றன, அங்கு நீங்கள் திரும்பும் பயணத்திற்கான முன்கூட்டியே டிக்கெட்டுகளையும் முன்பதிவு செய்யலாம், ஆனால் இது இனி அப்படி இருக்காது. தனியாரால் இயக்கப்படும் பேருந்துகள் மணாலி, டேராடூன் மற்றும் புது தில்லி (சண்டிகர் வழியாகப் பல) இருந்து செல்கின்றன. திபெத்திய காலனியான மஜ்னு கா தில்லாவிலிருந்து பலர் புறப்பட்டுச் செல்லும் இரவு நேர பேருந்துகள் புது தில்லியிலிருந்து பயணிக்கின்றன. இந்த சேவைகள் 13 மணிநேரத்திற்கு மேல் எடுக்கும். '''வாடகையுந்து / மகிழ்வுந்து''' பதான் கோட்டிலிருந்து மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் வரையிலான 88 கி.மீ தூரத்தைக் கடக்க சுமார் 3 மணி நேரம் ஆகும். பதான் கோட்டிலிருந்து இதற்கான அதிகாரப்பூர்வ கட்டணம் (ஒரு வழிப் பயணம்) ₹2,200 ஆகும். இது மே 2019-ல், ஆல்டோ (Alto) அல்லது இண்டிகா (Indica) போன்ற சிறிய ரக கார்களுக்கான கட்டண விகிதமாகும். புது டெல்லியில் இருந்து வாடகையுந்து மஜ்னு கி திலா திபெத்திய குடியேற்றத்திலிருந்து ரிங் ரோட்டில் இருந்து புறப்படும். பலர் புது தில்லிக்கு ஒரு வாடகையுந்து எடுத்துச் செல்கிறார்கள், இது சுமார் 10 மணிநேரம் எடுக்கும் மற்றும் திரும்பும் கட்டணத்தைச் செலுத்துகிறது, ஏனெனில் அவர்கள் பேருந்தில் செல்வதில் உள்ள தொந்தரவு மற்றும் வலியைச் சமாளிக்க விரும்பவில்லை. இந்த வாடகையுந்து தர்மசாலாவுக்குத் திரும்ப வேண்டும், மேலும் பல முறை தங்கள் மகிழ்வுந்து இருக்கைகளை பேருந்து டிக்கெட்டின் அதே விலைக்கு விற்கும். இந்த வாடகையுந்தை கண்டுபிடிக்க, மஜ்னு கி திலா திபெத்திய குடியேற்ற பேருந்து நிலையத்திற்குச் சென்று ஹிமாச்சலப் பிரதேச உரிமத் தகடுகளைக் கொண்ட வாடகையுந்தை தேடுங்கள். நீங்கள் ஒரு ஓட்டுநருடன் பேச்சுவார்த்தை நடத்தலாம். பெரும்பாலும் வாடகையுந்துகள் மாலையில் புறப்பட்டு மறுநாள் அதிகாலையில் தர்மசாலா வந்து சேரும். == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == '''அமைவிடம்''' தரம்சாலா பல தனித்தனி பகுதிகளாகப் பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இந்தப் பகுதிகளுக்கு இடையே பயணம் செய்ய பேருந்து அல்லது ஜீப் மூலம் அதிகபட்சம் 15 நிமிடங்கள் (சுமார் 12 கி.மீ தூரம்) மட்டுமே ஆகும்: 1. '''கீழ் தரம்சாலா''' (Lower Dharamsala) – இங்குதான் பெரும்பாலான அரசு அலுவலகங்கள், பள்ளிகள், உள்ளூர் மருத்துவமனை மற்றும் வணிகப் பகுதிகள் அமைந்துள்ளன. மேலும், இங்கு சில தேயிலைத் தோட்டங்களும் உள்ளன; ஒன்று சில்ஹாரி (Chilgari) பகுதியிலும், மற்றொன்று டாரி (Dari) பகுதிக்கு அப்பாலும் காணப்படுகின்றன. இது ஒரு சாதாரண இந்தியச் சிறு நகரத்தைப் போன்றே இருக்கும். பேருந்து நிலையத்தைத் தவிர, சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு இங்கு பெரிதாக ஈர்க்கக்கூடிய இடங்கள் ஏதுமில்லை. இருப்பினும், இப்பகுதி வழியாகப் பயணம் செய்யும்போது சுற்றியுள்ள காட்சிகளை ரசிக்கலாம். 2.'''மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச்''' (McLeod Ganj) – மேல் தர்மசாலா என்று குறைவாக அறியப்படும் இது, ஒரு காலத்தில் பஞ்சாபின் பிரிட்டிஷ் துணைநிலை ஆளுநராக இருந்த டேவிட் மெக்லியோட் மற்றும் 'அக்கம்' என்று பொருள்படும் ஒரு பொதுவான பாரசீக வார்த்தையான 'கஞ்ச்' ஆகியவற்றின் நினைவாகப் பெயரிடப்பட்டது. கீழ் தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து 2,082 மீட்டர் உயரத்தில் மற்றும் 5 கி.மீ. நடைப்பயண தூரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள இது, திபெத்திய கலாச்சாரம், இயற்கை அழகு, கலப்பு பாரம்பரியம், பழமையான கோயில்கள், தேவாலயங்கள் மற்றும் மடாலயங்களுக்குப் புகழ்பெற்றது. 2021 ஆம் ஆண்டு நிலவரப்படி, திபெத்திலிருந்து நாடுகடத்தப்பட்ட பிறகு, புகழ்பெற்ற 14வது திபெத்திய தலாய் லாமா டென்சின் கியாட்சோவின் இல்லமாக இது விளங்குகிறது, இதனால் இது திபெத்திய சமூகத்தின் இல்லமாகவும் மையமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. 3.'''பக்ஸு'''(Bhagsu) – சில சமயங்களில் சின்ன டெல் அவிவ் என்றும் அழைக்கப்படும் இது, மெக்லியோடிற்கு வடகிழக்கே 2 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இஸ்ரேலில் இருந்து வரும் பல பயணிகளுக்கு இது மிகவும் வணிகமயமான ஒரு முக்கிய இடமாக மாறியுள்ளது – இங்கு ஹெப்ரு மொழி பேசுவதை சாதாரணமாகக் காணலாம். 4.'''தரம்கோட்''' (Dharamkot) – பக்சு (Bhagsu) பகுதியிலிருந்து 10 நிமிட நடைப்பயண தூரத்தில், மலைப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஓர் இடம். இங்கு பல தங்கும் விடுதிகள் உள்ளன. பக்சுவை விட அமைதியான சூழலைக் கொண்ட இங்கு, நவீன உணவகங்கள் மற்றும் யோகா, தியான மையங்கள் பல உள்ளன. மலையைச் சுற்றி அரை வட்ட வடிவில் அமைந்துள்ள நடைபாதை, ஷாப்பிங் செய்வதற்கும் உணவருந்துவதற்கும் மிகவும் ஏற்ற இடமாக விளங்குகிறது. 5.'''ஹைனி''' (Haini) - மற்றொரு 10 நிமிடம் நேராக வடக்கே ஏறினால், தர்மசாலாவின் கடைசி சுற்றுலா மையத்தை நீங்கள் அடைவீர்கள், சில சமயங்களில் அப்பர் தரம்கோட் என்று அழைக்கப்படும். தர்மசாலாவில் சில சிறந்த காட்சிகளைக் கொண்ட பல நல்ல தங்கும் விடுதிகள் உள்ளன. காலு நீர்வீழ்ச்சிக்கு செல்லும் வழியில் பல சுற்றுலா பயணிகள் இங்கு சென்றாலும், ரஷ்ய மொழி பேசும் பேக் பேக்கர்களால் இந்த இடம் பிரபலமாக உள்ளது. மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (McLeod Ganj) அருகிலுள்ள கிராமங்களில், கீழ் மற்றும் மேல் தர்மசாலாவுக்கு இடையில் அமைந்துள்ள பார்சைத் கஞ்ச் (Forsyth Ganj) குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது. அமைதியான மற்றும் எளிமையான சூழலை விரும்புபவர்கள், நட்டி (Naddi - 3 கி.மீ தொலைவில், சிறந்த காட்சிகளைக் காணக்கூடிய இடம்) அல்லது தல்னு (Talnu - 11 கி.மீ தொலைவில்) ஆகிய இடங்களுக்குச் செல்லலாம். இங்குள்ள இடங்கள் அனைத்தும் சிறியவை என்பதால், நடந்தே சென்று சுற்றிப் பார்க்க முடியும். மெக்லியோட், பக்சு, தரம்கோட் மற்றும் ஹைனி ஆகிய இடங்கள் ஒன்றுக்கொன்று மிக அருகில் உள்ளன (நடந்து சென்றால் அதிகபட்சம் 20 நிமிடங்கள் ஆகும்). அதே சமயம், லோயர் தர்மசாலா சற்று தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == 1.'''தர்மசாலாவில் அமைந்துள்ள கிரிக்கெட் மைதானம்''' (HPCA கிரிக்கெட் அகாடமி), காலை 10 மணி முதல் மாலை 6 மணி வரை திறந்திருக்கும். மிகவும் அழகான இந்த இமாச்சலப் பிரதேச கிரிக்கெட் சங்க மைதானம், இந்தியாவில் தனித்துவமான ஒன்றாகும்; இது கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து 1,457 மீட்டர் உயரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளதுடன், இதன் பின்னணியில் பனி மூடிய இமயமலை மலைத்தொடரைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. 2.'''குனால் பத்தாரி''' -Kunal Pathari (தரம்சாலாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 3 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது). மக்கள் தினமும் இந்த ஆலயத்திற்கு வந்து தேவியை வழிபடுகிறார்கள். 3.'''தால் ஏரி'''- Dal Lake(மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சிலிருந்து 4 கி.மீ தொலைவில், நட்டிக்குக் கீழே). வழிகாட்டிப் பலகைகள் ஓரளவு நன்றாக வைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. எதிர்பார்ப்பை ஏமாற்றமளிக்கும் வகையில், இந்தப் புனிதக் குளம் அதன் பெயரைக் கொண்ட மஞ்சள் பயறு வகையின் நிறத்திலும் அமைப்பிலும் உள்ளது. 4.'''நட்டி காட்சி முனை-Naddi View Point''' (தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 10 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது). பனி போர்த்திய தௌலாதர் மலைத்தொடரின் முழுமையான அழகைக் காண்பதற்கு இது மிகச்சிறந்த இடமாகும். இங்கே தொலைநோக்கிகள் (கட்டணம் ₹10–20) உள்ளன; அவற்றின் மூலம் நீங்கள் ட்ரியுண்ட் (Triund) முகாம் பகுதியையும், குணா தேவி கோயிலையும் (Guna Devi Mandir) தெளிவாகக் காணலாம். தரம்கோட் (Dharamkot) அல்லது ஹைனியிலிருந்து (Haini) இங்கு நடைப்பயணமாக வருவது மிகவும் எளிது, ஏனெனில் இந்த வழிப்பாதை ஏறக்குறைய ஒரே உயர மட்டத்தில் அமைகிறது. இருப்பினும், வாடகையுந்து அல்லது இழுவண்டிகள் மூலமாகவும் நட்டி பகுதியை எளிதில் சென்றடையலாம். 5.'''பீக் ஆர்ட் கேலரி (Peak Art Gallery'''), டெம்பிள் ரோடு, மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (டெம்பிள் ரோட்டின் பாதியளவு தூரத்தில், கஃபே நிர்வாணாவுக்குக் கீழே). காலை 10 மணி முதல் மாலை 7 மணி வரை திறந்திருக்கும் 6.'''ரக்கர்- (Rakkar)'''. கீழ் தர்மசாலாவின் புறநகரில் உள்ள ஒரு அழகிய குக்கிராமம், இந்திய மாநிலமான ஹிமாச்சலப் பிரதேசத்தில் இமயமலையின் பனி மூடிய தௌலதார் மலைத்தொடரின் அடிவாரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. வரலாற்று ரீதியாக காடி சமூகத்தைச் சேர்ந்த மேய்ப்பர்கள் வசிக்கும் இந்த குக்கிராமம், மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் என்ற பரபரப்பான சுற்றுலா மையத்திலிருந்து விலகிச் செல்ல ஆர்வமுள்ள பார்வையாளர்களை மெதுவாக ஈர்க்கிறது. 7.'''செயின்ட் ஜான் கதீட்ரல் இன் தி வைல்டர்னஸ்'''- (St. John Cathedral in the Wilderness) தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 5 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது பசுமையான சூழலுக்கு நடுவே அமைந்துள்ள, கண்ணைக் கவரும் அழகான தேவாலயமாகும். மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சிலிருந்து (McLeod Ganj) இது 1 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது. மே 2019 நிலவரப்படி, ஆட்டோவில் செல்ல ₹70 ​​கட்டணமாக இருந்தது. தேவாலயத்திற்கு அருகில் ஆட்டோ நிறுத்துமிடம் (auto stand) இல்லாததால், அங்கிருந்து திரும்புவதற்கு ஆட்டோ கிடைப்பது சற்று கடினம். எனவே, முடிந்தால், ஆட்டோ ஓட்டுநரை அங்கேயே காத்திருக்கச் சொல்லி, அதே ஆட்டோவில் மற்ற இடங்களுக்குச் செல்லலாம். நுழைவு கட்டணம் இல்லை. 8.'''திபெத்திய கலை நிகழ்ச்சிகள் நிறுவனம்''' Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts(TIPA). பாரம்பரிய திபெத்திய நடனம், இசை மற்றும் நாடக மேடை நிகழ்ச்சிகள் நடைபெறும் இடம். ஆனால் நிகழ்ச்சிகள் அடிக்கடி செய்யப்படுவதில்லை கால அட்டவணையை முன்கூட்டியே சரிபார்க்கவும். 9.'''திபெத்திய நூலகம்''' - Tibetan Library(திபெத்திய படைப்புகள் மற்றும் ஆவணங்களுக்கான நூலகம்), கங்சென் கியிஷோங் (Gangchen Kyishong), ☏ +91 9218422467, +91 9882255047 10 '''திபெத் அருங்காட்சியகம்''',-Tibet Museum மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (சுக்லாக்ஹாங் எதிரில்), ☏ +91 18 922 2510. செவ்வாய்-ஞாயிறு, காலை 9 மணி முதல் மாலை 5 மணி வரை. திபெத்தின் வரலாறு மற்றும் அதன் மக்கள் குறித்த சிறிய, ஆனால் சுவாரஸ்யமான அருங்காட்சியகம். 11.'''சுக்லாக்ஹாங் வளாகம்''' - Tsuglagkhang Complex மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் உள்ள டெம்பிள் சாலையில் அமைந்துள்ளது சுக்லாக்ஹாங் வளாகம். திபெத்திற்கு வெளியே உள்ள மிகப்பெரிய திபெத்தியக் கோயிலாகும். இதில் அழகான சிலைகள் மற்றும் 'தாங்கா' (thangka) ஓவியங்களைக் கொண்ட ஒரு பெரிய தியான மண்டபமும், அற்புதமான சுவரோவியங்களைக் கொண்ட 'காலச்சக்கர' (Kalachakra) கோயிலும் உள்ளன. இது தலாய் லாமாவின் மடாலயமாகும்; இது அவரது இல்லத்திற்கு நேர் எதிரே அமைந்துள்ளது. மேலும், இங்கு சுமார் 2 மீட்டர் உயரமுள்ள, திபெத்திய வழிபாட்டுச் சக்கரங்களிலேயே மிகப்பெரிய சக்கரம் உள்ளது—இதைச் சுழற்றிப் பாருங்கள்! == செய்யுங்கள் == சுற்றித் திரிந்து பாருங்கள். மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (McLeod Ganj) நடைப்பயணமாகச் சுற்றி வருவதற்கு மிகவும் அழகான இடமாகும். தௌலாதர் மலைத்தொடரின் சரிவுகளில் அமைந்துள்ள தங்கும் விடுதிகள், வண்ணமயமான திபெத்தியக் கொடிகளால் அலங்கரிக்கப்பட்ட சந்தைகள், கைவினைப் பொருட்கள் மற்றும் சுவையான உணவுகளை வழங்கும் கடைகள் என அனைத்தும் இந்த இடத்திற்கு மேலும் அழகு சேர்க்கின்றன. மேலும், தரம் கோட் (Dharamkot) பகுதியில் பல சிறிய உணவகங்கள் உள்ளன; அங்கு நீங்கள் ஓய்வெடுத்துக் கொண்டே, சுற்றியுள்ள உலகத்தை அமைதியாக ரசிக்கலாம். 1. '''பக்சு கோயில் நீச்சல் குளம்''', பக்சு. பக்சுவில் உள்ள நீச்சல் குளத்தில் நீந்தி மகிழுங்கள். குறிப்பாக வெப்பமான காலநிலையில், இப்பகுதியில் உள்ள மற்ற சுற்றுலா சார்ந்த இடங்களைக் காட்டிலும், இது ஒரு சிறந்த நிம்மதியைத் தரும். இங்குள்ள நீர், நீர்வீழ்ச்சியிலிருந்து வரும் அதே நீர்தான்; இது தொடர்ந்து குளத்திற்குள் புதிய நீராக வந்து கொண்டிருக்கிறது. 2. '''பக்சு நீர்வீழ்ச்சி''' (தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து 3 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது). இங்கு பல நீர்வீழ்ச்சிகள், ஒரு பழமையான கோயில், ஏராளமான சிலேட் கல் குவாரிகள் மற்றும் நன்னீர் ஊற்று ஆகியவை உள்ளன. பக்சு சாலை வழியாக, அதே பெயரைக் கொண்ட கிராமத்தின் ஊடாக எளிதாக நடந்து சென்று, அங்கிருந்து 1 கி.மீ தூரம் மேலே சென்றால் நீர்வீழ்ச்சியை அடையலாம். நீர்வீழ்ச்சிக்குச் செல்லும் பாதையின் பெரும்பகுதி கற்களால் ஆனது; செங்குத்தான பகுதிகளில் பாதுகாப்புக்காக வேலிகள் அமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. நீர்வீழ்ச்சியின் அடிவாரத்தில் சிற்றுண்டிகள் மற்றும் பானங்களை விற்கும் பல விற்பனையாளர்கள் உள்ளனர். நீர்வீழ்ச்சியின் மேல் பகுதியில் உள்ள குளங்களில் குளிக்க முடிவு செய்தால் கவனமாக இருக்கவும்; அங்கு தண்ணீரில் கண்ணாடித் துண்டுகள் இருக்கலாம். மேற்கத்திய சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் இரவில் "முறையற்ற" செயல்களில் ஈடுபடுவதைத் தடுப்பதற்காக, உள்ளூர் மக்கள் இவற்றை அங்கு வீசியிருக்கலாம் என்று கருதப்படுகிறது. நீங்கள் 'அப்பர் பக்சு' (Upper Bhagsu) பகுதியிலிருந்தும் உங்கள் பயணத்தைத் தொடங்கலாம்; அங்கிருந்து நீர்வீழ்ச்சியை நோக்கிச் செல்லும் மற்றொரு பாதை ஏறக்குறைய ஒரே உயரத்தில் அமைகிறது. நீர்வீழ்ச்சியை அடைந்த பிறகு, இன்னும் சற்று மேலே சென்றால் 'சிவா கஃபே' (Shiva Café) உள்ளது. அங்கு மலை நீருடன் கூடிய ஒரு சிறிய தனியார் குளமும், ஓய்வெடுத்து உணவருந்த வசதியான இடமும் உள்ளன. 3.'''காலு நீர்வீழ்ச்சி (Galu Waterfall)''' - இது ஒரு அழகான நடைப்பயண அனுபவத்தைத் தரும். முதலில், பக்சுவிலிருந்து (Bhagsu) ஹைனிக்கு (Haini) பின்னால் உள்ள மலைப்பகுதி வரை சுமார் 300 மீட்டர் உயரத்திற்கு நீங்கள் ஏற வேண்டியிருக்கும். அங்கிருந்து செல்லும் பாதையில் ஏற்ற இறக்கங்கள் அவ்வளவு கடினமாக இருக்காது; வழியில் 3–4 சிற்றுண்டிச்சாலைகளும் உணவகங்களும் உள்ளன. பயணத்தின் இறுதியில், சிறிய நீர்வீழ்ச்சியும், நீரோடைகளும், நீந்துவதற்கு ஏற்ற இடங்களும் உள்ளன. 4. '''ட்ரியுண்ட்''' '''(Triund)'''நீங்கள் ஒரு விறுவிறுப்பான நடைப்பயணத்தை விரும்பினால், தரம்கோட்டுக்கு அப்பால் உள்ள மலையில் ஏறி ட்ரியுண்ட் முகட்டை அடையுங்கள். சண்டிகர் மற்றும் புது தில்லியிலிருந்து வார இறுதிப் பயணமாகச் செல்ல இது மிகவும் பிரபலமான மலையேற்றங்களில் ஒன்றாகும், மேலும் இது ஒருவேளை மிகவும் எளிதான இமயமலை மலையேற்றமாகவும் இருக்கலாம். 1,800–1,900 மீ உயரத்தில் உள்ள பக்ஸு அல்லது தரம்கோட்டிலிருந்து 6 கி.மீ தூரமும், 3 மணி நேர (ஒரு வழிப் பயணம்) பயணமும் ஆகும். இது அடர்ந்த காடுகளின் வழியாகச் செல்வதால், ஒரு கடினமான ஏற்றத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் ஆயிரக்கணக்கான மலையேற்ற வீரர்கள் இந்த மலையேற்றத்திற்கு வருகிறார்கள். ட்ரியுண்ட், இமயமலையின் முதல் சிகரங்களின் அழகான காட்சிகளையும், சமவெளிகளின் பரந்த காட்சியையும் வழங்குகிறது. டிசம்பர் மற்றும் ஜனவரி மாதங்களில், பனிப்பொழிவுக்குப் பிறகு இப்பகுதி வெண்மையாக மாறுவது, மலையேற்ற வீரர்களுக்கு இதை மேலும் கவர்ச்சிகரமானதாக ஆக்குகிறது. இது 2,875 மீ உயரத்தில் இருப்பதால், நல்ல காலணிகளை அணிந்து, தண்ணீர், சிறிதளவு உணவு மற்றும் ஒரு கூடுதல் மேலங்கி அல்லது கோட் ஆகியவற்றை எடுத்துச் செல்வதை உறுதிப்படுத்திக் கொள்ளுங்கள். உச்சியில், கோடைக்காலத்தில் கூட, வானிலை வெப்பமாகவும் வெயிலாகவும் இருந்து மிக விரைவாகக் குளிராகவும் மேகமூட்டமாகவும் மாறக்கூடும். ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் சில சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் வெறும் செருப்புகளையும் டி-ஷர்ட்டையும் மட்டும் அணிந்துகொண்டு, இந்த வழியில் தங்களைப் பெரிய சிக்கலில் மாட்டிக்கொள்கிறார்கள். மேற்குப் பாதை சிறப்பாகப் பராமரிக்கப்படுவதாகத் தெரிகிறது, எனவே நீங்கள் தரம்கோட்டில் இருந்தால், அந்தப் பாதையை முயற்சித்துப் பாருங்கள். திரியுண்ட் மலையேற்றத்திற்கு முன் நீங்கள் உடலைத் தயார்படுத்திக்கொள்ள விரும்பினால், குணா கோயில் மலையேற்றத்தை முயற்சித்துப் பாருங்கள். நீங்கள் திரியுண்டில் இரவு தங்கத் திட்டமிட்டால், அங்கு ஒரு வன ஓய்வு இல்லம் (ஒரு இரவுக்கு ₹500–1000) உள்ளது. ஒரு இரட்டைப் படுக்கை விரிப்பை எடுத்துச் செல்லுங்கள், ஆனால் அங்கு குழாய் நீரோ அல்லது மின்சாரமோ இல்லை என்பதை நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். ஒரு டார்ச் விளக்கு கட்டாயம் தேவை. வன ஓய்வு இல்லம் நிரம்பியிருந்தால், நீங்கள் கூடாரங்களை வாடகைக்கு எடுக்கலாம். சற்று உயரமான இடத்தில் உள்ள ஸ்னோலைன் கூடார முகாமிலும் நீங்கள் தங்கலாம். விவரங்களுக்கு சன்செட் கஃபேயில் உள்ள ஊழியர்களிடம் கேளுங்கள், அவர்களிடம் அதற்கான தொடர்பு எண்கள் உள்ளன. லாகா பனிப்பாறை (Laka Glacier) பயணம். ஒரு பனிப்பாறையைச் சென்றடைவது எப்போதும் உற்சாகமான அனுபவம், ஆனால் பெரும்பாலான சமயங்களில் அதை அடைவது கடினமான காரியமாகும். ஆசியாவிலேயே மிகக் குறைந்த உயரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள பனிப்பாறைகளில் ஒன்று லாகா பனிப்பாறை ஆகும். லாகா பனிப்பாறைக்கான நடைபாதை 'ட்ரியண்ட்' (Triund) உச்சி வழியாகச் செல்வதால், இந்தப் பயணம் பெரும்பாலும் 'ட்ரியண்ட் - லாகா பனிப்பாறை பயணம்' (Triund Laka Glacier Trek) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. தரம் கோட் (Dharamkot) அல்லது பாக்சு நாக் (Bhagsu Nag) பகுதியிலிருந்து தொடங்கும் இந்தப் பயணம், செங்குத்தான சரிவுகள் மற்றும் பனி படர்ந்த பாதைகள் வழியாகச் செல்கிறது. இது ட்ரியண்ட் மலை, ஸ்னோலைன் கஃபே (Snowline Cafe) மற்றும் அழகான தௌலாதர் (Dhauladhar) மலைத்தொடர்களை உள்ளடக்கியது. 5 '''இந்திரஹார் கணவாய்''' (Indrahar Pass). ட்ரியுண்டிலிருந்து (Triund) மேலும் மேலே செல்லும் இந்தப் பாதை, ஆல்ப்ஸ் மலைப்பகுதி போன்ற சூழலைக் கொண்ட மலையேற்றப் பாதையாகும். இதற்குச் செல்ல நீங்கள் ஒரு சுற்றுலாத் திட்டத்தைப் (tour) பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டியிருக்கலாம். இது காங்ரா பள்ளத்தாக்கில் பனி படர்ந்த தௌலாதர் (Dhauladhar) மலைத்தொடரின் ஊடாகச் சென்று, லாமு (Lamu) பகுதியில் முடிவடைகிறது. 6 '''டோரால் கணவாய்''' (Toral Pass - 4,575 மீ). இது தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 10 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ள டாங் நர்வானாவிலிருந்து (Tang Narwana - 1,150 மீ) தொடங்குகிறது. 7 கரேரி ஏரி மலையேற்றம் (Kareri Lake Trek). பசுமையான சூழலுக்கு நடுவே அமைந்துள்ள இந்த பனிப்பாறை ஏரி, இயற்கை ஆர்வலர்களுக்கு மிகவும் கவர்ச்சிகரமான இடமாகும். '''கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள்''' யோகா, தியானம், ரெய்கி, திபெத்திய மற்றும் இந்திய சமையல் வகுப்புகள், திபெத்திய மொழி வகுப்புகள் மற்றும் தாய் மசாஜ் உள்ளிட்ட பல்வேறு பயிற்சிகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. பல பயிற்சிகளில் சைவ உணவுகளும் அடங்கும்; இவை தியான மையங்களில் நடத்தப்படுகின்றன. == பணி செய்யுங்கள் == '''தன்னார்வப் பணி''' தன்னார்வப் பணியில் ஈடுபடுவதற்குச் சில வாய்ப்புகள் உள்ளன. ஒரு மாதம் அல்லது அதற்கு மேற்பட்ட நீண்ட காலத் திட்டங்களில் சேர விரும்பினால், நகரின் மையப்பகுதியில் உள்ள LHA அலுவலகத்தைத் தொடர்புகொள்ளுங்கள். அங்குள்ள பணியாளர்கள் மிகவும் நட்பானவர்கள்; கற்பித்தல், தனிப்பட்ட முறையில் பாடம் சொல்லிக்கொடுத்தல் அல்லது உரையாடல் வகுப்புகளில் பங்கேற்க விரும்பும் எவரையும் அவர்கள் மகிழ்ச்சியுடன் வரவேற்கிறார்கள். '''லா சமூக பணி Lha Social Work'''- தர்மசாலா மற்றும் மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் உள்ள மிகப்பெரிய தொண்டு நிறுவனங்களில் ஒன்றாகும், மேலும் திபெத்திய அகதிகள், உள்ளூர் இந்திய மக்கள் மற்றும் இமயமலைப் பகுதிகளைச் சேர்ந்த மக்களுக்கு முக்கிய ஆதாரங்கள் மற்றும் சேவைகளை வழங்குவதை நோக்கமாகக் கொண்டுள்ளது. ஆங்கிலம், பிரஞ்சு மற்றும் சீன வகுப்புகள், தகவல் தொழில்நுட்ப வகுப்புகள், தொழில் பயிற்சி, சுகாதாரம் மற்றும் சுற்றுச்சூழல் விழிப்புணர்வு கல்வி, உடைகள் மற்றும் மருந்து விநியோகம், சமூக சமையலறை மற்றும் பல திட்டங்கள் மற்றும் செயல்பாடுகளுக்கு தன்னார்வலர்கள் தேவை. '''ரோக்பா கஃபே -Rogpa Cafe''' (ஜோகிவாரா சாலை) - ஓட்டலில் வேலை செய்ய அல்லது டே கேர் சென்டரில் குழந்தைகளைப் பார்த்துக் கொள்ள அவர்கள் எப்போதும் தன்னார்வலர்களைத் தேடுகிறார்கள். இது 2 வார கமிட்மென்ட். அனைத்து வருமானமும் உள்ளூர் குழந்தைகளுக்கு இலவச சேவைகளை வழங்கும் ரோக்பா டே கேர் சென்டருக்குச் செல்கிறது. '<nowiki/>'''டெசி சுற்றுச்சூழல் விழிப்புணர்வு இயக்கம்'''' (Tesi Environmental Awareness Movement) – நீங்கள் சுற்றுச்சூழல் நிபுணராக இருந்தால், திபெத்தியர்களின் இந்த இலாப நோக்கமற்ற அமைப்பைத் தொடர்புகொள்ளலாம். திபெத்தியர்களுடன் பழகி, அவர்களின் கலாச்சாரம் மற்றும் தனிப்பட்ட கதைகளை அறிந்துகொள்ளும் அதே வேளையில், அவர்களுக்கு ஆங்கிலம் கற்கவும் நீங்கள் உதவலாம். தெருக்களில் துறவிகள் முன்வைக்கும் தனிப்பட்ட கற்பித்தல் (private tutorage) கோரிக்கைகளை ஏற்கும் போது கவனமாக இருக்கவும்; சில நாட்களுக்குப் பிறகு அவர்கள் உங்களிடம் நிதி உதவி கோரக்கூடும் (இருப்பினும், இத்தகைய நிகழ்வுகள் அரிதானவை). இத்தகைய உதவிகளை வழங்க விரும்பினால், நம்பகமான மற்றும் நன்கு நிறுவப்பட்ட அமைப்பின் வாயிலாகச் செயல்படுவது சிறந்தது. பொதுவாக, பெரும்பாலான துறவிகளும் சாதாரண மக்களும், அவர்களுக்கு ஆங்கிலம் கற்க உதவும் உங்கள் செயலுக்கு மிகுந்த நன்றியுணர்வுடன் இருப்பார்கள். இது திபெத்திய மக்களை இன்னும் நெருக்கமாக அறிந்துகொள்ள ஒரு சிறந்த வழியாகும். உதவி செய்வதற்கு எளிதான வழி, டெம்பிள் சாலையில் (Temple Rd) உள்ள 'எல்.எச்.ஏ' (LHA) அல்லது ஜோகிவாரா சாலையில் (Jogiwara Rd) உள்ள 'எல்.ஐ.டி' (LIT) ஆகிய அமைப்புகளுக்குச் சென்று, கற்பித்தல் பணிக்காகப் பதிவு செய்துகொள்வதாகும். ஒரு மாத காலத்திற்குத் தொடர்ந்து ஈடுபடுவது விரும்பத்தக்கது. == வாங்குங்கள் == தர்மசாலாவில் ஆபரணங்கள் மற்றும் சிறு அலங்காரப் பொருட்கள், கம்பளி சால்வைகள், பிரார்த்தனை கொடிகள், பிரார்த்தனை சக்கரங்கள், தரைவிரிப்புகள், மற்றும் 'தங்க' (thangka) அல்லது 'மண்டல' (mandala) ஓவியங்கள் போன்ற பல திபெத்திய பொருட்களை வாங்கலாம். திபெத்திய 'சிங்கிங் பவுல்' (Tibetan Singing Bowl) - இதை வாசிப்பது எளிது; இது ஒலி சிகிச்சை (sound healing), இசை சிகிச்சை அல்லது வெறும் மன அமைதிக்காகப் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது. == உண்ணுங்கள் == திபெத்திய தெருவோர விற்பனையாளர்கள் விற்கும் மோமோக்கள் பொதுவாக 8 துண்டுகள் கொண்ட ஒரு தட்டு ₹80-க்கு விற்பனை செய்யப்படுகின்றன. இவை உண்பதற்குப் பாதுகாப்பானவை மற்றும் மேற்கத்திய சுவைக்கும் ஏற்றவை; இருப்பினும், கீழே குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள மிகச்சிறந்த உணவகங்களில் கிடைக்கும் மோமோக்களில் உள்ள நுணுக்கமான சுவையுடன் இவற்றை ஒப்பிட முடியாது. திபெத்திய உணவு மற்றும் பானங்களைச் சுவைத்துப் பார்க்க தர்மசாலா ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகும்: '''மோமோஸ்''' (Momos)– இறைச்சி அல்லது காய்கறிகள் நிரப்பப்பட்ட, ஆவியில் வேகவைக்கப்பட்ட அல்லது பொரித்த கொழுக்கட்டைகள். '''துக்பா''' (Thukpa) – காய்கறிகள் அல்லது இறைச்சியுடன் கூடிய ஒரு சத்தான நூடுல்ஸ் சூப். '''தென்துக்''' (Thenthuk) – கையால் செய்யப்பட்ட தட்டையான செவ்வக வடிவ நூடுல்ஸ்களைக் கொண்ட துக்பா. '''போச்சா''' (Pocha)– வெண்ணெயுடன் கடைந்தெடுக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு உப்புச் சுவை கொண்ட தேநீர், இது திபெத்தியர்களின் ஒரு முக்கிய உணவாகும், மேலும் இது பொதுவாக திபெத்திய வெண்ணெய்த் தேநீர் என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் உணவருந்த ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகும். மேலும், இந்த ஊரில், குறிப்பாக வெளிநாட்டு சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளைக் கவரும் வகையில், நடுத்தர மற்றும் உயர் ரக உணவகங்கள் ஏராளமாக உள்ளன. மேலும், பக்ஸு மற்றும் தரம்கோட் ஆகிய இடங்களில் சிறந்த உள்ளூர், ஃபியூஷன் மற்றும் வெளிநாட்டு உணவு விடுதிகள் உள்ளன—ஹம்முஸும் ஃபலாஃபெலும் (hummus and falafel)அரிதானவை அல்ல. தரம்சாலாவில் விலைகள் பொதுவாக இந்தியாவின் மற்ற (சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் அதிகம் வராத) பகுதிகளை விட 50-100% அதிகமாக இருக்கும். அதுமட்டுமின்றி, இந்திய உணவு அல்லாதவற்றுக்கு பெரும்பாலும் அதிகக் கூடுதல் கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படுகிறது. == பருகுங்கள் == டெம்பிள் சாலையில் உள்ள LHA, பாஸ்கூ சாலையில் உள்ள சுற்றுச்சூழல் கல்வி மையம் (Environmental Education Centre) மற்றும் ஜோகிவாரா சாலையில் உள்ள டோகா மையம் (Dogga-Centre) போன்ற பல நீர் சுத்திகரிப்பு நிலையங்களில், உங்கள் தண்ணீர் பாட்டிலை சுத்திகரிக்கப்பட்ட நீரைக் கொண்டு நிரப்பிக்கொள்ளலாம். நிக்ஸ் (Nick's) மற்றும் கிரீன் ஹோட்டல் (Green Hotel) உள்ளிட்ட சில உணவகங்களிலும் கட்டணம் செலுத்தி (₹5; கிரீன் ஹோட்டலில் ₹10) சுத்திகரிக்கப்பட்ட நீரைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ள முடியும். '''காபி / தேநீர்''' குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள உணவகங்கள் மற்றும் பேக்கரிகள் பலவற்றில், காபி அல்லது தேநீர் அருந்துவதற்கும், அதே வேளையில் காட்சியை ரசிப்பதற்கும் மிகச் சிறந்த இடங்களாகும். '''மூன்பீக் எஸ்பிரெசோ''' (Moonpeak Espresso), டெம்பிள் ரோடு, மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சின் முதன்மைச் சதுக்கத்திலிருந்து 10 நிமிட நடைப்பயண தூரம்). காலை 7 மணி முதல் இரவு 8 மணி வரை. காபி விலை ₹40–70. மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் இதைவிடச் சிறந்த காபி கிடைக்கும் இடங்கள் இருந்தாலும், இது ஒரு மிகவும் இனிமையான கஃபே ஆகும். இங்கு பணிபுரிபவர்கள் அனைவரும் திபெத்தியர்கள், உரிமையாளர்கள் இந்தியர்கள். சிறிய அளவிலான, ஆனால் சுவையான சாண்ட்விச்கள் மற்றும் பல காலை உணவு வகைகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. மூலிகை தேநீர் உள்ளிட்ட பல்வேறு தேநீர் வகைகள் ₹50–60 விலையில் உள்ளன. மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் இலவச மற்றும் சீராகச் செயல்படும் வைஃபை (Wi-Fi) வசதி கொண்ட மிகச் சில இடங்களில் இதுவும் ஒன்று. மெனுவில் ஒரு குறிப்பு அச்சிடப்பட்டுள்ளது; அதன்படி, "நீங்கள் இணையத்தைப் பயன்படுத்த நீண்ட நேரம் அமர்ந்திருக்கப் போகிறீர்கள் என்றால், தயவுசெய்து சில உணவுகளை ஆர்டர் செய்யுங்கள்" என்று கேட்டுக்கொள்ளப்பட்டுள்ளது. '''மதுபானம்''' 'எக்ஸ் சைட்' (X cite), மெயின் ஸ்கொயர், மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (மெயின் ஸ்கொயர்). ஒரு காலத்தில் இது மிகவும் பிரபலமாக இருந்திருக்கலாம், ஆனால் அந்த நல்ல காலம் முடிந்துவிட்டதாகவே தோன்றுகிறது. இப்பகுதியில் உள்ள ஒரே நடன தளம்/நைட் கிளப் இதுதான். இங்கு இரவு 1 மணி வரை இந்திய மற்றும் மேற்கத்திய இசை ஒலிக்கப்படுகிறது. == உறங்குங்கள் == மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் தங்குவதற்குப் பலவிதமான இடங்கள் உள்ளன, ஆனால் அதன் முக்கிய வீதிகளில் (குறிப்பாக பக்ஸு சாலை) வழக்கமாக இருக்கும் வாகனங்களின் ஒலி எழுப்பும் தொல்லைக்கு (மகிழ்வுந்து, இருசக்கர வாகனம் மற்றும் இழுவண்டிகள்) ஆளாக நேரிடுகிறது. இரைச்சலான சத்தங்களால் நீங்கள் பாதிக்கப்படலாம்.. பொருத்தமான ஒன்றைக் கண்டுபிடிப்பது எளிது—சற்று சுற்றிப் பார்த்து, ஒரு நல்ல விலையைக் கேளுங்கள். நீங்கள் முடிவு செய்வதற்கு முன், குறைந்தது இரண்டு வெவ்வேறு அறைகளையாவது உங்களுக்குக் காட்டச் சொல்லுங்கள். மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் குறிப்பிடத்தகுந்த இரண்டு தங்கும் விடுதிகள் 1 மித்ரா 2 மற்றும் 2 ஹாஸ்டெல்லர் ஆகும்—முன்பதிவு செய்யாமல் நேரடியாகச் செல்வது சாதகமாகத் தெரிகிறது. வழக்கமான ஹோம்ஸ்டேக்கள், ஹோட்டல்கள் போன்றவற்றைத் தவிர, பக்ஸு மற்றும் ஹைனியில் அதிக எண்ணிக்கையிலான தங்கும் விடுதிகள் (மற்றும் பேக்பேக்கர்கள்) காணப்படுகின்றன. இங்கு குறிப்பிடத்தகுந்த தங்கும் விடுதிகள் 3 மித்ரா மற்றும் 4 யங் மங்க் ஆகும்—முன்பதிவு செய்யாமல் நேரடியாகச் செல்வது சாதகமாகத் தெரிகிறது. நீண்ட காலத் தங்குதல்களுக்கு, ஜோகிவாரா சாலையில் உள்ள யோங்லிங் படிக்கட்டுகளில் கீழே செல்லுங்கள்; அங்கு அருமையான காட்சிகளுடன், சுமார் பன்னிரண்டு மலிவான நல்ல இடங்கள் உள்ளன. == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == இந்த இடம் பாதுகாப்பானதுதான், இருப்பினும் முன்னெச்சரிக்கை நடவடிக்கைகளை மேற்கொள்வது நல்லது. எப்போதும் விழிப்புடன் இருங்கள்; இரவு 9 மணிக்கு மேல் வெளியே தங்கியிருந்தால் மிகுந்த எச்சரிக்கையுடன் செயல்படுங்கள். == அடுத்த இலக்கு == '''[[Wy/ta/அமிர்தசரசு|அமிர்தசரசு]]''' '''(Amritsar)''' – சீக்கியர்களின் புனித நகரமான இங்குதான் பொற்கோவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இங்கிருந்து பேருந்து மூலம் செல்ல சுமார் 6 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். அதிகாலை 5 மணிக்கு கீழ் பகுதியில் உள்ள பேருந்து நிலையத்திலிருந்து பேருந்துகள் புறப்படுகின்றன. அல்லது, பதான்கோட் வழியாகவும் செல்லலாம்; அங்கிருந்து பல பேருந்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து வசதிகள் உள்ளன. '''[[Wy/ta/பீர் (Bir)|பீர் (Bir)]]'''– திபெத்திய மற்றும் இந்திய மக்கள் வசிக்கும் ஒரு கிராமம். இது பௌத்த மடாலயங்களுக்கும், பாராகிளைடிங் (paragliding) மையத்திற்கும் பெயர் பெற்றது. உலகின் இரண்டாவது மிக உயர்ந்த பாராகிளைடிங் தளமான 'பீர்-பில்லிங்' (Bir-Billing) இங்குள்ளதால், இது ஒரு சாகச மையமாக வளர்ந்து வருகிறது. '''[[Wy/ta/டல்ஹௌசி (Dalhousie)|டல்ஹௌசி (Dalhousie)]]'''– பதான்கோட்டிற்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு சிறிய மலைவாசஸ்தலம். '''[[Wy/ta/மணாலி (Manali)|மணாலி (Manali)]]''' – மலைகளின் உட்பகுதிகளுக்குச் செல்வதற்கான அடுத்த முக்கிய மையம். '''[[Wy/ta/பாலம்பூர் (Palampur)|பாலம்பூர் (Palampur)]]'''– தேயிலைத் தோட்டங்கள், வேளாண் பல்கலைக்கழகம் மற்றும் கோயில்களுக்குப் பெயர் பெற்ற ஒரு அழகான பள்ளத்தாக்கு. '''[[Wy/ta/சித்பாரி (Sidhbari)|சித்பாரி (Sidhbari)]]'''– கீழ் தர்மசாலாவிற்கு வெளியே அமைந்துள்ள இது, சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளின் கூட்ட நெரிசலில் இருந்து விலகி, பள்ளத்தாக்கில் உள்ள ஒரு வழக்கமான விவசாய கிராமத்தின் வாழ்க்கையை அனுபவிக்க ஏற்ற இடமாகும். kphjyurudpcdb4thmxzmi2tzlsztvt4 7374183 7374176 2026-10-25T12:28:18Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7374183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Dharamsala banner Monastery prayer wheel.jpg}} [[File:Dharamsala View.JPG|thumb|350px|McLeod Ganj and the snow-capped peaks of the Dhauladhars]] '''தர்மசாலா''' அல்லது தர்ம்சாலா (இந்தி: धर्मशाला Dharmshālā; திபெத்தியம்: དྷ་རམ་ས་ལ་), இது ஹிமாச்சல பிரதேசத்தில் உள்ள ஒரு மலைவாசஸ்தலம் ஆகும், இது தலாய் சமூகத்தின் பெரிய திபெத்திய நடவடிக்கைகளுக்குப் புகழ் பெற்றது. == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == தர்மசாலாவின் திபெத்திய பௌத்த வேர்கள் கி.பி. 8-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு வரை நீள்கின்றன; இருப்பினும், அங்குள்ள மக்களில் பெரும்பாலோர் நீண்ட காலத்திற்கு முன்பே இந்து மதத்திற்கு மாறி, இன்றும் அதையே பின்பற்றி வருகின்றனர். "தர்மசாலா" (Dharamsala) என்ற சொல்லுக்கு, "கோயிலுடன் இணைந்த தங்குமிடம்" என்று பொருள். காங்ராவில் இருந்த மாவட்டத் தலைமையகம் நெரிசல் மிகுந்ததாக மாறியதைத் தொடர்ந்து, 1840-களின் பிற்பகுதியில் பிரிட்டிஷார் தங்கள் படைகளில் இரண்டை, தற்போது தர்மசாலா என்று அழைக்கப்படும் பகுதிக்கு மாற்றினர். காலப்போக்கில், இப்பகுதி காங்ராவின் மாவட்டத் தலைமையகமாக வளர்ந்தது; இந்த இடம் தற்போது 'போலீஸ் லைன்ஸ்' (Police Lines) என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. தரம்சாலா இந்தியாவின் கோடைகாலத் தலைநகராக இருக்கக்கூடும் என்று முன்மொழியப்பட்டது. ஆனால், 1905-ஆம் ஆண்டு ஏப்ரல் 4- அன்று ஏற்பட்ட 7.8 ரிக்டர் அளவுள்ள நிலநடுக்கத்தால் இந்நகரத்தின் பெரும்பகுதி அழிந்து போனதால், அந்தத் திட்டம் நிறைவேறவில்லை. மக்கள் நடமாட்டம் குறைவாக இருந்த இந்தப் பகுதியில் நிகழ்ந்த அந்தப் பேரிடரில் 10,000-க்கும் மேற்பட்டோர் உயிரிழந்தனர். இந்திய சுதந்திரத்தின் தொடக்கக் காலங்களில் முக்கியத்துவத்தை இழந்து காணப்பட்ட தரம்சாலா, 1959-இல் தலாய் லாமா மற்றும் திபெத்திய நாடுகடத்தப்பட்ட அரசாங்கம் இங்கு வந்தடைந்ததைத் தொடர்ந்து, மீண்டும் ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட சமூக அந்தஸ்தைப் பெற்றது. இது வெளிநாட்டினரும் பௌத்த மத மாணவர்கள் பலரும் விரும்பிச் செல்லும் இடமாக மாறியுள்ளது. சொல்லப்போனால், தற்போது இது அளவுக்கு அதிகமாகவே பிரபலமடைந்துவிட்டது என்றுதான் சொல்ல வேண்டும்; இந்நகரம், குறிப்பாக மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (McLeod Ganj), ஒருவிதமான 'சுற்றுப்பயணிகளின் குடியிருப்புக் குடியேற்றமாக' (backpacker ghetto) மாறிவிட்டதாகப் பலர் கருதுகின்றனர். எனவே, அமைதியையும் நிசப்தத்தையும் எதிர்பார்த்து இங்கு வராதீர்கள். == காலநிலை == கீழ் தர்மசாலா 1,400 மீட்டர் உயரத்திலும், மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் சுமார் 1,750 மீட்டர் உயரத்திலும் அமைந்துள்ளன; இதனால் இவை கீழே உள்ள சமவெளிகளை விட கணிசமாகக் குளிர்ச்சியாக இருக்கின்றன. ஜனவரி மாதத்தில் வெப்பநிலை உறைநிலைக்குக் கீழே செல்லக்கூடும், அதே சமயம் ஜூன் மாதத்தில் 38°C வரை உயரலாம். ஜூலை முதல் செப்டம்பர் வரையிலான பருவமழைக் காலத்தில் அதிக மழை பொழியும். தலாய் லாமா தனது போதனைகளை வழங்கும் மார்ச் மாதத்தில் கூட — புது தில்லியில் இதமான வானிலை நிலவும் அதே வேளையில் — இங்கு உங்களுக்குத் தடிமனான குளிர்கால உடை தேவைப்படும். இத்தகைய உடைகளை நீங்கள் இந்த நகரத்திலேயே நியாயமான விலையில் வாங்கிக்கொள்ளலாம். == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == === வானூர்தியில் === காங்ரா விமான நிலையம் (DHM IATA) காங்ரா அருகிலுள்ள கக்கலில் அமைந்துள்ளது; இது மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சிலிருந்து சாலை வழியாக (MDR44 மற்றும் NH 154 வழியே) 15 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது. ==== தொடருந்தில் ==== புது தில்லியிலிருந்து இரவு நேரப் பயணத்தின் மூலம் எளிதாகச் சென்றடையக்கூடிய, பதான்கோட் மற்றும் அதற்கு அருகிலுள்ள சக்கி பேங்க் ஆகியவையே மிக அருகிலுள்ள முதன்மை மற்றும் சிறிய தொடருந்து நிலையங்களாகும். புது தில்லியிலிருந்து அம்ப் அண்டௌரா (Amb Andaura - AADR) செல்லும் வந்தே பாரத் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் (22447) மற்றொரு விரைவான பயண விருப்பமாகும். இது புது தில்லியிலிருந்து காலை 05:50 மணிக்குக் கிளம்பி, 11:05 மணியளவில் அம்ப் அண்டௌராவை வந்தடைகிறது (பயண நேரம் சுமார் 5 மணி நேரம் 15 நிமிடங்கள்). அம்ப் அண்டௌராவிலிருந்து தரம்சாலா சுமார் 88 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது (சாலை வழியாகச் செல்ல சுமார் 2 மணி நேரம் 30 நிமிடங்கள் ஆகும்). தரம்சாலா செல்வதற்கு, தொடருந்து நிலையத்திலேயே HRTC / ஹிமாச்சலப் பிரதேச சுற்றுலாத் துறை பேருந்துகளும், ஏராளமான வாடகையுந்தும் எளிதாகக் கிடைக்கின்றன. தொடருந்து ரசிகர்கள் பதன்கோட்டில் இருந்து மெதுவாகவும் கடினமானதாகவும் இருக்கும் ஆனால் அழகான குறுகிய பாதையான காங்க்ரா பள்ளத்தாக்கு தொடருந்துவில் காங்க்ராவிற்கு 4 மணிநேர பயணத்தைத் தொடரலாம். காங்க்ராவில் நடந்து அல்லது இழுவண்டிகள் மூலமும் பேருந்து நிறுத்தத்திற்கு செல்லவும், அங்கிருந்து தர்மசாலா செல்லும் பேருந்துகள் செல்லவும். இந்த தொடருந்து உண்மையில் காங்க்ராவிலிருந்து ஜோகிந்தர்நகருக்கு மேலும் தொடர்கிறது. ==== பேருந்தில் ==== 1 தர்மசாலா ISBT பேருந்து நிலையம். பெரும்பாலான மக்கள் பேருந்து மூலமாகவே கீழ் தர்மசாலாவை (Lower Dharamsala) வந்தடைகின்றனர். வட இந்தியாவின் பிற பகுதிகளுடன் இது நல்ல போக்குவரத்துத் தொடர்பைக் கொண்டுள்ளது; இருப்பினும், மலைப்பகுதிகளில் உள்ள குறுகிய மற்றும் வளைந்து நெளிந்த சாலைகளால் பயண நேரம் சற்று அதிகமாக இருக்கலாம். இமாச்சல சாலைப் போக்குவரத்து கழகத்தின் (HRTC - மாநில அரசு நிறுவனம்) பேருந்து டிக்கெட்டுகளை இணையவழியில் முன்பதிவு செய்துகொள்ளலாம். (ஆகஸ்ட் 2023-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது | திருத்து) 2 தர்மசாலா தனியார் வோல்வோ (Volvo) பேருந்து நிறுத்தம்.புது தில்லி மற்றும் பதான்கோட் செல்லும் சில பொது HRTC பேருந்துகள் மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சின் பிரதான சதுக்கத்திற்குச் செல்கின்றன, அங்கு நீங்கள் திரும்பும் பயணத்திற்கான முன்கூட்டியே டிக்கெட்டுகளையும் முன்பதிவு செய்யலாம், ஆனால் இது இனி அப்படி இருக்காது. தனியாரால் இயக்கப்படும் பேருந்துகள் மணாலி, டேராடூன் மற்றும் புது தில்லி (சண்டிகர் வழியாகப் பல) இருந்து செல்கின்றன. திபெத்திய காலனியான மஜ்னு கா தில்லாவிலிருந்து பலர் புறப்பட்டுச் செல்லும் இரவு நேர பேருந்துகள் புது தில்லியிலிருந்து பயணிக்கின்றன. இந்த சேவைகள் 13 மணிநேரத்திற்கு மேல் எடுக்கும். '''வாடகையுந்து / மகிழ்வுந்து''' பதான் கோட்டிலிருந்து மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் வரையிலான 88 கி.மீ தூரத்தைக் கடக்க சுமார் 3 மணி நேரம் ஆகும். பதான் கோட்டிலிருந்து இதற்கான அதிகாரப்பூர்வ கட்டணம் (ஒரு வழிப் பயணம்) ₹2,200 ஆகும். இது மே 2019-ல், ஆல்டோ (Alto) அல்லது இண்டிகா (Indica) போன்ற சிறிய ரக கார்களுக்கான கட்டண விகிதமாகும். புது டெல்லியில் இருந்து வாடகையுந்து மஜ்னு கி திலா திபெத்திய குடியேற்றத்திலிருந்து ரிங் ரோட்டில் இருந்து புறப்படும். பலர் புது தில்லிக்கு ஒரு வாடகையுந்து எடுத்துச் செல்கிறார்கள், இது சுமார் 10 மணிநேரம் எடுக்கும் மற்றும் திரும்பும் கட்டணத்தைச் செலுத்துகிறது, ஏனெனில் அவர்கள் பேருந்தில் செல்வதில் உள்ள தொந்தரவு மற்றும் வலியைச் சமாளிக்க விரும்பவில்லை. இந்த வாடகையுந்து தர்மசாலாவுக்குத் திரும்ப வேண்டும், மேலும் பல முறை தங்கள் மகிழ்வுந்து இருக்கைகளை பேருந்து டிக்கெட்டின் அதே விலைக்கு விற்கும். இந்த வாடகையுந்தை கண்டுபிடிக்க, மஜ்னு கி திலா திபெத்திய குடியேற்ற பேருந்து நிலையத்திற்குச் சென்று ஹிமாச்சலப் பிரதேச உரிமத் தகடுகளைக் கொண்ட வாடகையுந்தை தேடுங்கள். நீங்கள் ஒரு ஓட்டுநருடன் பேச்சுவார்த்தை நடத்தலாம். பெரும்பாலும் வாடகையுந்துகள் மாலையில் புறப்பட்டு மறுநாள் அதிகாலையில் தர்மசாலா வந்து சேரும். == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == '''அமைவிடம்''' தரம்சாலா பல தனித்தனி பகுதிகளாகப் பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இந்தப் பகுதிகளுக்கு இடையே பயணம் செய்ய பேருந்து அல்லது ஜீப் மூலம் அதிகபட்சம் 15 நிமிடங்கள் (சுமார் 12 கி.மீ தூரம்) மட்டுமே ஆகும்: 1. '''கீழ் தரம்சாலா''' (Lower Dharamsala) – இங்குதான் பெரும்பாலான அரசு அலுவலகங்கள், பள்ளிகள், உள்ளூர் மருத்துவமனை மற்றும் வணிகப் பகுதிகள் அமைந்துள்ளன. மேலும், இங்கு சில தேயிலைத் தோட்டங்களும் உள்ளன; ஒன்று சில்ஹாரி (Chilgari) பகுதியிலும், மற்றொன்று டாரி (Dari) பகுதிக்கு அப்பாலும் காணப்படுகின்றன. இது ஒரு சாதாரண இந்தியச் சிறு நகரத்தைப் போன்றே இருக்கும். பேருந்து நிலையத்தைத் தவிர, சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு இங்கு பெரிதாக ஈர்க்கக்கூடிய இடங்கள் ஏதுமில்லை. இருப்பினும், இப்பகுதி வழியாகப் பயணம் செய்யும்போது சுற்றியுள்ள காட்சிகளை ரசிக்கலாம். 2.'''மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச்''' (McLeod Ganj) – மேல் தர்மசாலா என்று குறைவாக அறியப்படும் இது, ஒரு காலத்தில் பஞ்சாபின் பிரிட்டிஷ் துணைநிலை ஆளுநராக இருந்த டேவிட் மெக்லியோட் மற்றும் 'அக்கம்' என்று பொருள்படும் ஒரு பொதுவான பாரசீக வார்த்தையான 'கஞ்ச்' ஆகியவற்றின் நினைவாகப் பெயரிடப்பட்டது. கீழ் தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து 2,082 மீட்டர் உயரத்தில் மற்றும் 5 கி.மீ. நடைப்பயண தூரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள இது, திபெத்திய கலாச்சாரம், இயற்கை அழகு, கலப்பு பாரம்பரியம், பழமையான கோயில்கள், தேவாலயங்கள் மற்றும் மடாலயங்களுக்குப் புகழ்பெற்றது. 2021 ஆம் ஆண்டு நிலவரப்படி, திபெத்திலிருந்து நாடுகடத்தப்பட்ட பிறகு, புகழ்பெற்ற 14வது திபெத்திய தலாய் லாமா டென்சின் கியாட்சோவின் இல்லமாக இது விளங்குகிறது, இதனால் இது திபெத்திய சமூகத்தின் இல்லமாகவும் மையமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. 3.'''பக்ஸு'''(Bhagsu) – சில சமயங்களில் சின்ன டெல் அவிவ் என்றும் அழைக்கப்படும் இது, மெக்லியோடிற்கு வடகிழக்கே 2 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இஸ்ரேலில் இருந்து வரும் பல பயணிகளுக்கு இது மிகவும் வணிகமயமான ஒரு முக்கிய இடமாக மாறியுள்ளது – இங்கு ஹெப்ரு மொழி பேசுவதை சாதாரணமாகக் காணலாம். 4.'''தரம்கோட்''' (Dharamkot) – பக்சு (Bhagsu) பகுதியிலிருந்து 10 நிமிட நடைப்பயண தூரத்தில், மலைப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஓர் இடம். இங்கு பல தங்கும் விடுதிகள் உள்ளன. பக்சுவை விட அமைதியான சூழலைக் கொண்ட இங்கு, நவீன உணவகங்கள் மற்றும் யோகா, தியான மையங்கள் பல உள்ளன. மலையைச் சுற்றி அரை வட்ட வடிவில் அமைந்துள்ள நடைபாதை, ஷாப்பிங் செய்வதற்கும் உணவருந்துவதற்கும் மிகவும் ஏற்ற இடமாக விளங்குகிறது. 5.'''ஹைனி''' (Haini) - மற்றொரு 10 நிமிடம் நேராக வடக்கே ஏறினால், தர்மசாலாவின் கடைசி சுற்றுலா மையத்தை நீங்கள் அடைவீர்கள், சில சமயங்களில் அப்பர் தரம்கோட் என்று அழைக்கப்படும். தர்மசாலாவில் சில சிறந்த காட்சிகளைக் கொண்ட பல நல்ல தங்கும் விடுதிகள் உள்ளன. காலு நீர்வீழ்ச்சிக்கு செல்லும் வழியில் பல சுற்றுலா பயணிகள் இங்கு சென்றாலும், ரஷ்ய மொழி பேசும் பேக் பேக்கர்களால் இந்த இடம் பிரபலமாக உள்ளது. மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (McLeod Ganj) அருகிலுள்ள கிராமங்களில், கீழ் மற்றும் மேல் தர்மசாலாவுக்கு இடையில் அமைந்துள்ள பார்சைத் கஞ்ச் (Forsyth Ganj) குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது. அமைதியான மற்றும் எளிமையான சூழலை விரும்புபவர்கள், நட்டி (Naddi - 3 கி.மீ தொலைவில், சிறந்த காட்சிகளைக் காணக்கூடிய இடம்) அல்லது தல்னு (Talnu - 11 கி.மீ தொலைவில்) ஆகிய இடங்களுக்குச் செல்லலாம். இங்குள்ள இடங்கள் அனைத்தும் சிறியவை என்பதால், நடந்தே சென்று சுற்றிப் பார்க்க முடியும். மெக்லியோட், பக்சு, தரம்கோட் மற்றும் ஹைனி ஆகிய இடங்கள் ஒன்றுக்கொன்று மிக அருகில் உள்ளன (நடந்து சென்றால் அதிகபட்சம் 20 நிமிடங்கள் ஆகும்). அதே சமயம், லோயர் தர்மசாலா சற்று தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == 1.'''தர்மசாலாவில் அமைந்துள்ள கிரிக்கெட் மைதானம்''' (HPCA கிரிக்கெட் அகாடமி), காலை 10 மணி முதல் மாலை 6 மணி வரை திறந்திருக்கும். மிகவும் அழகான இந்த இமாச்சலப் பிரதேச கிரிக்கெட் சங்க மைதானம், இந்தியாவில் தனித்துவமான ஒன்றாகும்; இது கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து 1,457 மீட்டர் உயரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளதுடன், இதன் பின்னணியில் பனி மூடிய இமயமலை மலைத்தொடரைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. 2.'''குனால் பத்தாரி''' -Kunal Pathari (தரம்சாலாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 3 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது). மக்கள் தினமும் இந்த ஆலயத்திற்கு வந்து தேவியை வழிபடுகிறார்கள். 3.'''தால் ஏரி'''- Dal Lake(மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சிலிருந்து 4 கி.மீ தொலைவில், நட்டிக்குக் கீழே). வழிகாட்டிப் பலகைகள் ஓரளவு நன்றாக வைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. எதிர்பார்ப்பை ஏமாற்றமளிக்கும் வகையில், இந்தப் புனிதக் குளம் அதன் பெயரைக் கொண்ட மஞ்சள் பயறு வகையின் நிறத்திலும் அமைப்பிலும் உள்ளது. 4.'''நட்டி காட்சி முனை-Naddi View Point''' (தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 10 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது). பனி போர்த்திய தௌலாதர் மலைத்தொடரின் முழுமையான அழகைக் காண்பதற்கு இது மிகச்சிறந்த இடமாகும். இங்கே தொலைநோக்கிகள் (கட்டணம் ₹10–20) உள்ளன; அவற்றின் மூலம் நீங்கள் ட்ரியுண்ட் (Triund) முகாம் பகுதியையும், குணா தேவி கோயிலையும் (Guna Devi Mandir) தெளிவாகக் காணலாம். தரம்கோட் (Dharamkot) அல்லது ஹைனியிலிருந்து (Haini) இங்கு நடைப்பயணமாக வருவது மிகவும் எளிது, ஏனெனில் இந்த வழிப்பாதை ஏறக்குறைய ஒரே உயர மட்டத்தில் அமைகிறது. இருப்பினும், வாடகையுந்து அல்லது இழுவண்டிகள் மூலமாகவும் நட்டி பகுதியை எளிதில் சென்றடையலாம். 5.'''பீக் ஆர்ட் கேலரி (Peak Art Gallery'''), டெம்பிள் ரோடு, மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (டெம்பிள் ரோட்டின் பாதியளவு தூரத்தில், கஃபே நிர்வாணாவுக்குக் கீழே). காலை 10 மணி முதல் மாலை 7 மணி வரை திறந்திருக்கும் 6.'''ரக்கர்- (Rakkar)'''. கீழ் தர்மசாலாவின் புறநகரில் உள்ள ஒரு அழகிய குக்கிராமம், இந்திய மாநிலமான ஹிமாச்சலப் பிரதேசத்தில் இமயமலையின் பனி மூடிய தௌலதார் மலைத்தொடரின் அடிவாரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. வரலாற்று ரீதியாக காடி சமூகத்தைச் சேர்ந்த மேய்ப்பர்கள் வசிக்கும் இந்த குக்கிராமம், மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் என்ற பரபரப்பான சுற்றுலா மையத்திலிருந்து விலகிச் செல்ல ஆர்வமுள்ள பார்வையாளர்களை மெதுவாக ஈர்க்கிறது. 7.'''செயின்ட் ஜான் கதீட்ரல் இன் தி வைல்டர்னஸ்'''- (St. John Cathedral in the Wilderness) தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 5 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது பசுமையான சூழலுக்கு நடுவே அமைந்துள்ள, கண்ணைக் கவரும் அழகான தேவாலயமாகும். மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சிலிருந்து (McLeod Ganj) இது 1 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது. மே 2019 நிலவரப்படி, ஆட்டோவில் செல்ல ₹70 ​​கட்டணமாக இருந்தது. தேவாலயத்திற்கு அருகில் ஆட்டோ நிறுத்துமிடம் (auto stand) இல்லாததால், அங்கிருந்து திரும்புவதற்கு ஆட்டோ கிடைப்பது சற்று கடினம். எனவே, முடிந்தால், ஆட்டோ ஓட்டுநரை அங்கேயே காத்திருக்கச் சொல்லி, அதே ஆட்டோவில் மற்ற இடங்களுக்குச் செல்லலாம். நுழைவு கட்டணம் இல்லை. 8.'''திபெத்திய கலை நிகழ்ச்சிகள் நிறுவனம்''' Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts(TIPA). பாரம்பரிய திபெத்திய நடனம், இசை மற்றும் நாடக மேடை நிகழ்ச்சிகள் நடைபெறும் இடம். ஆனால் நிகழ்ச்சிகள் அடிக்கடி செய்யப்படுவதில்லை கால அட்டவணையை முன்கூட்டியே சரிபார்க்கவும். 9.'''திபெத்திய நூலகம்''' - Tibetan Library(திபெத்திய படைப்புகள் மற்றும் ஆவணங்களுக்கான நூலகம்), கங்சென் கியிஷோங் (Gangchen Kyishong), ☏ +91 9218422467, +91 9882255047 10 '''திபெத் அருங்காட்சியகம்''',-Tibet Museum மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (சுக்லாக்ஹாங் எதிரில்), ☏ +91 18 922 2510. செவ்வாய்-ஞாயிறு, காலை 9 மணி முதல் மாலை 5 மணி வரை. திபெத்தின் வரலாறு மற்றும் அதன் மக்கள் குறித்த சிறிய, ஆனால் சுவாரஸ்யமான அருங்காட்சியகம். 11.'''சுக்லாக்ஹாங் வளாகம்''' - Tsuglagkhang Complex மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் உள்ள டெம்பிள் சாலையில் அமைந்துள்ளது சுக்லாக்ஹாங் வளாகம். திபெத்திற்கு வெளியே உள்ள மிகப்பெரிய திபெத்தியக் கோயிலாகும். இதில் அழகான சிலைகள் மற்றும் 'தாங்கா' (thangka) ஓவியங்களைக் கொண்ட ஒரு பெரிய தியான மண்டபமும், அற்புதமான சுவரோவியங்களைக் கொண்ட 'காலச்சக்கர' (Kalachakra) கோயிலும் உள்ளன. இது தலாய் லாமாவின் மடாலயமாகும்; இது அவரது இல்லத்திற்கு நேர் எதிரே அமைந்துள்ளது. மேலும், இங்கு சுமார் 2 மீட்டர் உயரமுள்ள, திபெத்திய வழிபாட்டுச் சக்கரங்களிலேயே மிகப்பெரிய சக்கரம் உள்ளது—இதைச் சுழற்றிப் பாருங்கள்! == செய்யுங்கள் == சுற்றித் திரிந்து பாருங்கள். மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (McLeod Ganj) நடைப்பயணமாகச் சுற்றி வருவதற்கு மிகவும் அழகான இடமாகும். தௌலாதர் மலைத்தொடரின் சரிவுகளில் அமைந்துள்ள தங்கும் விடுதிகள், வண்ணமயமான திபெத்தியக் கொடிகளால் அலங்கரிக்கப்பட்ட சந்தைகள், கைவினைப் பொருட்கள் மற்றும் சுவையான உணவுகளை வழங்கும் கடைகள் என அனைத்தும் இந்த இடத்திற்கு மேலும் அழகு சேர்க்கின்றன. மேலும், தரம் கோட் (Dharamkot) பகுதியில் பல சிறிய உணவகங்கள் உள்ளன; அங்கு நீங்கள் ஓய்வெடுத்துக் கொண்டே, சுற்றியுள்ள உலகத்தை அமைதியாக ரசிக்கலாம். 1. '''பக்சு கோயில் நீச்சல் குளம்''', பக்சு. பக்சுவில் உள்ள நீச்சல் குளத்தில் நீந்தி மகிழுங்கள். குறிப்பாக வெப்பமான காலநிலையில், இப்பகுதியில் உள்ள மற்ற சுற்றுலா சார்ந்த இடங்களைக் காட்டிலும், இது ஒரு சிறந்த நிம்மதியைத் தரும். இங்குள்ள நீர், நீர்வீழ்ச்சியிலிருந்து வரும் அதே நீர்தான்; இது தொடர்ந்து குளத்திற்குள் புதிய நீராக வந்து கொண்டிருக்கிறது. 2. '''பக்சு நீர்வீழ்ச்சி''' (தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து 3 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது). இங்கு பல நீர்வீழ்ச்சிகள், ஒரு பழமையான கோயில், ஏராளமான சிலேட் கல் குவாரிகள் மற்றும் நன்னீர் ஊற்று ஆகியவை உள்ளன. பக்சு சாலை வழியாக, அதே பெயரைக் கொண்ட கிராமத்தின் ஊடாக எளிதாக நடந்து சென்று, அங்கிருந்து 1 கி.மீ தூரம் மேலே சென்றால் நீர்வீழ்ச்சியை அடையலாம். நீர்வீழ்ச்சிக்குச் செல்லும் பாதையின் பெரும்பகுதி கற்களால் ஆனது; செங்குத்தான பகுதிகளில் பாதுகாப்புக்காக வேலிகள் அமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. நீர்வீழ்ச்சியின் அடிவாரத்தில் சிற்றுண்டிகள் மற்றும் பானங்களை விற்கும் பல விற்பனையாளர்கள் உள்ளனர். நீர்வீழ்ச்சியின் மேல் பகுதியில் உள்ள குளங்களில் குளிக்க முடிவு செய்தால் கவனமாக இருக்கவும்; அங்கு தண்ணீரில் கண்ணாடித் துண்டுகள் இருக்கலாம். மேற்கத்திய சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் இரவில் "முறையற்ற" செயல்களில் ஈடுபடுவதைத் தடுப்பதற்காக, உள்ளூர் மக்கள் இவற்றை அங்கு வீசியிருக்கலாம் என்று கருதப்படுகிறது. நீங்கள் 'அப்பர் பக்சு' (Upper Bhagsu) பகுதியிலிருந்தும் உங்கள் பயணத்தைத் தொடங்கலாம்; அங்கிருந்து நீர்வீழ்ச்சியை நோக்கிச் செல்லும் மற்றொரு பாதை ஏறக்குறைய ஒரே உயரத்தில் அமைகிறது. நீர்வீழ்ச்சியை அடைந்த பிறகு, இன்னும் சற்று மேலே சென்றால் 'சிவா கஃபே' (Shiva Café) உள்ளது. அங்கு மலை நீருடன் கூடிய ஒரு சிறிய தனியார் குளமும், ஓய்வெடுத்து உணவருந்த வசதியான இடமும் உள்ளன. 3.'''காலு நீர்வீழ்ச்சி (Galu Waterfall)''' - இது ஒரு அழகான நடைப்பயண அனுபவத்தைத் தரும். முதலில், பக்சுவிலிருந்து (Bhagsu) ஹைனிக்கு (Haini) பின்னால் உள்ள மலைப்பகுதி வரை சுமார் 300 மீட்டர் உயரத்திற்கு நீங்கள் ஏற வேண்டியிருக்கும். அங்கிருந்து செல்லும் பாதையில் ஏற்ற இறக்கங்கள் அவ்வளவு கடினமாக இருக்காது; வழியில் 3–4 சிற்றுண்டிச்சாலைகளும் உணவகங்களும் உள்ளன. பயணத்தின் இறுதியில், சிறிய நீர்வீழ்ச்சியும், நீரோடைகளும், நீந்துவதற்கு ஏற்ற இடங்களும் உள்ளன. 4. '''ட்ரியுண்ட்''' '''(Triund)'''நீங்கள் ஒரு விறுவிறுப்பான நடைப்பயணத்தை விரும்பினால், தரம்கோட்டுக்கு அப்பால் உள்ள மலையில் ஏறி ட்ரியுண்ட் முகட்டை அடையுங்கள். சண்டிகர் மற்றும் புது தில்லியிலிருந்து வார இறுதிப் பயணமாகச் செல்ல இது மிகவும் பிரபலமான மலையேற்றங்களில் ஒன்றாகும், மேலும் இது ஒருவேளை மிகவும் எளிதான இமயமலை மலையேற்றமாகவும் இருக்கலாம். 1,800–1,900 மீ உயரத்தில் உள்ள பக்ஸு அல்லது தரம்கோட்டிலிருந்து 6 கி.மீ தூரமும், 3 மணி நேர (ஒரு வழிப் பயணம்) பயணமும் ஆகும். இது அடர்ந்த காடுகளின் வழியாகச் செல்வதால், ஒரு கடினமான ஏற்றத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் ஆயிரக்கணக்கான மலையேற்ற வீரர்கள் இந்த மலையேற்றத்திற்கு வருகிறார்கள். ட்ரியுண்ட், இமயமலையின் முதல் சிகரங்களின் அழகான காட்சிகளையும், சமவெளிகளின் பரந்த காட்சியையும் வழங்குகிறது. டிசம்பர் மற்றும் ஜனவரி மாதங்களில், பனிப்பொழிவுக்குப் பிறகு இப்பகுதி வெண்மையாக மாறுவது, மலையேற்ற வீரர்களுக்கு இதை மேலும் கவர்ச்சிகரமானதாக ஆக்குகிறது. இது 2,875 மீ உயரத்தில் இருப்பதால், நல்ல காலணிகளை அணிந்து, தண்ணீர், சிறிதளவு உணவு மற்றும் ஒரு கூடுதல் மேலங்கி அல்லது கோட் ஆகியவற்றை எடுத்துச் செல்வதை உறுதிப்படுத்திக் கொள்ளுங்கள். உச்சியில், கோடைக்காலத்தில் கூட, வானிலை வெப்பமாகவும் வெயிலாகவும் இருந்து மிக விரைவாகக் குளிராகவும் மேகமூட்டமாகவும் மாறக்கூடும். ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் சில சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் வெறும் செருப்புகளையும் டி-ஷர்ட்டையும் மட்டும் அணிந்துகொண்டு, இந்த வழியில் தங்களைப் பெரிய சிக்கலில் மாட்டிக்கொள்கிறார்கள். மேற்குப் பாதை சிறப்பாகப் பராமரிக்கப்படுவதாகத் தெரிகிறது, எனவே நீங்கள் தரம்கோட்டில் இருந்தால், அந்தப் பாதையை முயற்சித்துப் பாருங்கள். திரியுண்ட் மலையேற்றத்திற்கு முன் நீங்கள் உடலைத் தயார்படுத்திக்கொள்ள விரும்பினால், குணா கோயில் மலையேற்றத்தை முயற்சித்துப் பாருங்கள். நீங்கள் திரியுண்டில் இரவு தங்கத் திட்டமிட்டால், அங்கு ஒரு வன ஓய்வு இல்லம் (ஒரு இரவுக்கு ₹500–1000) உள்ளது. ஒரு இரட்டைப் படுக்கை விரிப்பை எடுத்துச் செல்லுங்கள், ஆனால் அங்கு குழாய் நீரோ அல்லது மின்சாரமோ இல்லை என்பதை நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். ஒரு டார்ச் விளக்கு கட்டாயம் தேவை. வன ஓய்வு இல்லம் நிரம்பியிருந்தால், நீங்கள் கூடாரங்களை வாடகைக்கு எடுக்கலாம். சற்று உயரமான இடத்தில் உள்ள ஸ்னோலைன் கூடார முகாமிலும் நீங்கள் தங்கலாம். விவரங்களுக்கு சன்செட் கஃபேயில் உள்ள ஊழியர்களிடம் கேளுங்கள், அவர்களிடம் அதற்கான தொடர்பு எண்கள் உள்ளன. லாகா பனிப்பாறை (Laka Glacier) பயணம். ஒரு பனிப்பாறையைச் சென்றடைவது எப்போதும் உற்சாகமான அனுபவம், ஆனால் பெரும்பாலான சமயங்களில் அதை அடைவது கடினமான காரியமாகும். ஆசியாவிலேயே மிகக் குறைந்த உயரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள பனிப்பாறைகளில் ஒன்று லாகா பனிப்பாறை ஆகும். லாகா பனிப்பாறைக்கான நடைபாதை 'ட்ரியண்ட்' (Triund) உச்சி வழியாகச் செல்வதால், இந்தப் பயணம் பெரும்பாலும் 'ட்ரியண்ட் - லாகா பனிப்பாறை பயணம்' (Triund Laka Glacier Trek) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. தரம் கோட் (Dharamkot) அல்லது பாக்சு நாக் (Bhagsu Nag) பகுதியிலிருந்து தொடங்கும் இந்தப் பயணம், செங்குத்தான சரிவுகள் மற்றும் பனி படர்ந்த பாதைகள் வழியாகச் செல்கிறது. இது ட்ரியண்ட் மலை, ஸ்னோலைன் கஃபே (Snowline Cafe) மற்றும் அழகான தௌலாதர் (Dhauladhar) மலைத்தொடர்களை உள்ளடக்கியது. 5 '''இந்திரஹார் கணவாய்''' (Indrahar Pass). ட்ரியுண்டிலிருந்து (Triund) மேலும் மேலே செல்லும் இந்தப் பாதை, ஆல்ப்ஸ் மலைப்பகுதி போன்ற சூழலைக் கொண்ட மலையேற்றப் பாதையாகும். இதற்குச் செல்ல நீங்கள் ஒரு சுற்றுலாத் திட்டத்தைப் (tour) பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டியிருக்கலாம். இது காங்ரா பள்ளத்தாக்கில் பனி படர்ந்த தௌலாதர் (Dhauladhar) மலைத்தொடரின் ஊடாகச் சென்று, லாமு (Lamu) பகுதியில் முடிவடைகிறது. 6 '''டோரால் கணவாய்''' (Toral Pass - 4,575 மீ). இது தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 10 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ள டாங் நர்வானாவிலிருந்து (Tang Narwana - 1,150 மீ) தொடங்குகிறது. 7 கரேரி ஏரி மலையேற்றம் (Kareri Lake Trek). பசுமையான சூழலுக்கு நடுவே அமைந்துள்ள இந்த பனிப்பாறை ஏரி, இயற்கை ஆர்வலர்களுக்கு மிகவும் கவர்ச்சிகரமான இடமாகும். '''கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள்''' யோகா, தியானம், ரெய்கி, திபெத்திய மற்றும் இந்திய சமையல் வகுப்புகள், திபெத்திய மொழி வகுப்புகள் மற்றும் தாய் மசாஜ் உள்ளிட்ட பல்வேறு பயிற்சிகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. பல பயிற்சிகளில் சைவ உணவுகளும் அடங்கும்; இவை தியான மையங்களில் நடத்தப்படுகின்றன. == பணி செய்யுங்கள் == '''தன்னார்வப் பணி''' தன்னார்வப் பணியில் ஈடுபடுவதற்குச் சில வாய்ப்புகள் உள்ளன. ஒரு மாதம் அல்லது அதற்கு மேற்பட்ட நீண்ட காலத் திட்டங்களில் சேர விரும்பினால், நகரின் மையப்பகுதியில் உள்ள LHA அலுவலகத்தைத் தொடர்புகொள்ளுங்கள். அங்குள்ள பணியாளர்கள் மிகவும் நட்பானவர்கள்; கற்பித்தல், தனிப்பட்ட முறையில் பாடம் சொல்லிக்கொடுத்தல் அல்லது உரையாடல் வகுப்புகளில் பங்கேற்க விரும்பும் எவரையும் அவர்கள் மகிழ்ச்சியுடன் வரவேற்கிறார்கள். '''லா சமூக பணி Lha Social Work'''- தர்மசாலா மற்றும் மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் உள்ள மிகப்பெரிய தொண்டு நிறுவனங்களில் ஒன்றாகும், மேலும் திபெத்திய அகதிகள், உள்ளூர் இந்திய மக்கள் மற்றும் இமயமலைப் பகுதிகளைச் சேர்ந்த மக்களுக்கு முக்கிய ஆதாரங்கள் மற்றும் சேவைகளை வழங்குவதை நோக்கமாகக் கொண்டுள்ளது. ஆங்கிலம், பிரஞ்சு மற்றும் சீன வகுப்புகள், தகவல் தொழில்நுட்ப வகுப்புகள், தொழில் பயிற்சி, சுகாதாரம் மற்றும் சுற்றுச்சூழல் விழிப்புணர்வு கல்வி, உடைகள் மற்றும் மருந்து விநியோகம், சமூக சமையலறை மற்றும் பல திட்டங்கள் மற்றும் செயல்பாடுகளுக்கு தன்னார்வலர்கள் தேவை. '''ரோக்பா கஃபே -Rogpa Cafe''' (ஜோகிவாரா சாலை) - ஓட்டலில் வேலை செய்ய அல்லது டே கேர் சென்டரில் குழந்தைகளைப் பார்த்துக் கொள்ள அவர்கள் எப்போதும் தன்னார்வலர்களைத் தேடுகிறார்கள். இது 2 வார கமிட்மென்ட். அனைத்து வருமானமும் உள்ளூர் குழந்தைகளுக்கு இலவச சேவைகளை வழங்கும் ரோக்பா டே கேர் சென்டருக்குச் செல்கிறது. '<nowiki/>'''டெசி சுற்றுச்சூழல் விழிப்புணர்வு இயக்கம்'''' (Tesi Environmental Awareness Movement) – நீங்கள் சுற்றுச்சூழல் நிபுணராக இருந்தால், திபெத்தியர்களின் இந்த இலாப நோக்கமற்ற அமைப்பைத் தொடர்புகொள்ளலாம். திபெத்தியர்களுடன் பழகி, அவர்களின் கலாச்சாரம் மற்றும் தனிப்பட்ட கதைகளை அறிந்துகொள்ளும் அதே வேளையில், அவர்களுக்கு ஆங்கிலம் கற்கவும் நீங்கள் உதவலாம். தெருக்களில் துறவிகள் முன்வைக்கும் தனிப்பட்ட கற்பித்தல் (private tutorage) கோரிக்கைகளை ஏற்கும் போது கவனமாக இருக்கவும்; சில நாட்களுக்குப் பிறகு அவர்கள் உங்களிடம் நிதி உதவி கோரக்கூடும் (இருப்பினும், இத்தகைய நிகழ்வுகள் அரிதானவை). இத்தகைய உதவிகளை வழங்க விரும்பினால், நம்பகமான மற்றும் நன்கு நிறுவப்பட்ட அமைப்பின் வாயிலாகச் செயல்படுவது சிறந்தது. பொதுவாக, பெரும்பாலான துறவிகளும் சாதாரண மக்களும், அவர்களுக்கு ஆங்கிலம் கற்க உதவும் உங்கள் செயலுக்கு மிகுந்த நன்றியுணர்வுடன் இருப்பார்கள். இது திபெத்திய மக்களை இன்னும் நெருக்கமாக அறிந்துகொள்ள ஒரு சிறந்த வழியாகும். உதவி செய்வதற்கு எளிதான வழி, டெம்பிள் சாலையில் (Temple Rd) உள்ள 'எல்.எச்.ஏ' (LHA) அல்லது ஜோகிவாரா சாலையில் (Jogiwara Rd) உள்ள 'எல்.ஐ.டி' (LIT) ஆகிய அமைப்புகளுக்குச் சென்று, கற்பித்தல் பணிக்காகப் பதிவு செய்துகொள்வதாகும். ஒரு மாத காலத்திற்குத் தொடர்ந்து ஈடுபடுவது விரும்பத்தக்கது. == வாங்குங்கள் == தர்மசாலாவில் ஆபரணங்கள் மற்றும் சிறு அலங்காரப் பொருட்கள், கம்பளி சால்வைகள், பிரார்த்தனை கொடிகள், பிரார்த்தனை சக்கரங்கள், தரைவிரிப்புகள், மற்றும் 'தங்க' (thangka) அல்லது 'மண்டல' (mandala) ஓவியங்கள் போன்ற பல திபெத்திய பொருட்களை வாங்கலாம். திபெத்திய 'சிங்கிங் பவுல்' (Tibetan Singing Bowl) - இதை வாசிப்பது எளிது; இது ஒலி சிகிச்சை (sound healing), இசை சிகிச்சை அல்லது வெறும் மன அமைதிக்காகப் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது. == உண்ணுங்கள் == திபெத்திய தெருவோர விற்பனையாளர்கள் விற்கும் மோமோக்கள் பொதுவாக 8 துண்டுகள் கொண்ட ஒரு தட்டு ₹80-க்கு விற்பனை செய்யப்படுகின்றன. இவை உண்பதற்குப் பாதுகாப்பானவை மற்றும் மேற்கத்திய சுவைக்கும் ஏற்றவை; இருப்பினும், கீழே குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள மிகச்சிறந்த உணவகங்களில் கிடைக்கும் மோமோக்களில் உள்ள நுணுக்கமான சுவையுடன் இவற்றை ஒப்பிட முடியாது. திபெத்திய உணவு மற்றும் பானங்களைச் சுவைத்துப் பார்க்க தர்மசாலா ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகும்: '''மோமோஸ்''' (Momos)– இறைச்சி அல்லது காய்கறிகள் நிரப்பப்பட்ட, ஆவியில் வேகவைக்கப்பட்ட அல்லது பொரித்த கொழுக்கட்டைகள். '''துக்பா''' (Thukpa) – காய்கறிகள் அல்லது இறைச்சியுடன் கூடிய ஒரு சத்தான நூடுல்ஸ் சூப். '''தென்துக்''' (Thenthuk) – கையால் செய்யப்பட்ட தட்டையான செவ்வக வடிவ நூடுல்ஸ்களைக் கொண்ட துக்பா. '''போச்சா''' (Pocha)– வெண்ணெயுடன் கடைந்தெடுக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு உப்புச் சுவை கொண்ட தேநீர், இது திபெத்தியர்களின் ஒரு முக்கிய உணவாகும், மேலும் இது பொதுவாக திபெத்திய வெண்ணெய்த் தேநீர் என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் உணவருந்த ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகும். மேலும், இந்த ஊரில், குறிப்பாக வெளிநாட்டு சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளைக் கவரும் வகையில், நடுத்தர மற்றும் உயர் ரக உணவகங்கள் ஏராளமாக உள்ளன. மேலும், பக்ஸு மற்றும் தரம்கோட் ஆகிய இடங்களில் சிறந்த உள்ளூர், ஃபியூஷன் மற்றும் வெளிநாட்டு உணவு விடுதிகள் உள்ளன—ஹம்முஸும் ஃபலாஃபெலும் (hummus and falafel)அரிதானவை அல்ல. தரம்சாலாவில் விலைகள் பொதுவாக இந்தியாவின் மற்ற (சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் அதிகம் வராத) பகுதிகளை விட 50-100% அதிகமாக இருக்கும். அதுமட்டுமின்றி, இந்திய உணவு அல்லாதவற்றுக்கு பெரும்பாலும் அதிகக் கூடுதல் கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படுகிறது. == பருகுங்கள் == டெம்பிள் சாலையில் உள்ள LHA, பாஸ்கூ சாலையில் உள்ள சுற்றுச்சூழல் கல்வி மையம் (Environmental Education Centre) மற்றும் ஜோகிவாரா சாலையில் உள்ள டோகா மையம் (Dogga-Centre) போன்ற பல நீர் சுத்திகரிப்பு நிலையங்களில், உங்கள் தண்ணீர் பாட்டிலை சுத்திகரிக்கப்பட்ட நீரைக் கொண்டு நிரப்பிக்கொள்ளலாம். நிக்ஸ் (Nick's) மற்றும் கிரீன் ஹோட்டல் (Green Hotel) உள்ளிட்ட சில உணவகங்களிலும் கட்டணம் செலுத்தி (₹5; கிரீன் ஹோட்டலில் ₹10) சுத்திகரிக்கப்பட்ட நீரைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ள முடியும். '''காபி / தேநீர்''' குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள உணவகங்கள் மற்றும் பேக்கரிகள் பலவற்றில், காபி அல்லது தேநீர் அருந்துவதற்கும், அதே வேளையில் காட்சியை ரசிப்பதற்கும் மிகச் சிறந்த இடங்களாகும். '''மூன்பீக் எஸ்பிரெசோ''' (Moonpeak Espresso), டெம்பிள் ரோடு, மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சின் முதன்மைச் சதுக்கத்திலிருந்து 10 நிமிட நடைப்பயண தூரம்). காலை 7 மணி முதல் இரவு 8 மணி வரை. காபி விலை ₹40–70. மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் இதைவிடச் சிறந்த காபி கிடைக்கும் இடங்கள் இருந்தாலும், இது ஒரு மிகவும் இனிமையான கஃபே ஆகும். இங்கு பணிபுரிபவர்கள் அனைவரும் திபெத்தியர்கள், உரிமையாளர்கள் இந்தியர்கள். சிறிய அளவிலான, ஆனால் சுவையான சாண்ட்விச்கள் மற்றும் பல காலை உணவு வகைகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. மூலிகை தேநீர் உள்ளிட்ட பல்வேறு தேநீர் வகைகள் ₹50–60 விலையில் உள்ளன. மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் இலவச மற்றும் சீராகச் செயல்படும் வைஃபை (Wi-Fi) வசதி கொண்ட மிகச் சில இடங்களில் இதுவும் ஒன்று. மெனுவில் ஒரு குறிப்பு அச்சிடப்பட்டுள்ளது; அதன்படி, "நீங்கள் இணையத்தைப் பயன்படுத்த நீண்ட நேரம் அமர்ந்திருக்கப் போகிறீர்கள் என்றால், தயவுசெய்து சில உணவுகளை ஆர்டர் செய்யுங்கள்" என்று கேட்டுக்கொள்ளப்பட்டுள்ளது. '''மதுபானம்''' 'எக்ஸ் சைட்' (X cite), மெயின் ஸ்கொயர், மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (மெயின் ஸ்கொயர்). ஒரு காலத்தில் இது மிகவும் பிரபலமாக இருந்திருக்கலாம், ஆனால் அந்த நல்ல காலம் முடிந்துவிட்டதாகவே தோன்றுகிறது. இப்பகுதியில் உள்ள ஒரே நடன தளம்/நைட் கிளப் இதுதான். இங்கு இரவு 1 மணி வரை இந்திய மற்றும் மேற்கத்திய இசை ஒலிக்கப்படுகிறது. == உறங்குங்கள் == மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் தங்குவதற்குப் பலவிதமான இடங்கள் உள்ளன, ஆனால் அதன் முக்கிய வீதிகளில் (குறிப்பாக பக்ஸு சாலை) வழக்கமாக இருக்கும் வாகனங்களின் ஒலி எழுப்பும் தொல்லைக்கு (மகிழ்வுந்து, இருசக்கர வாகனம் மற்றும் இழுவண்டிகள்) ஆளாக நேரிடுகிறது. இரைச்சலான சத்தங்களால் நீங்கள் பாதிக்கப்படலாம்.. பொருத்தமான ஒன்றைக் கண்டுபிடிப்பது எளிது—சற்று சுற்றிப் பார்த்து, ஒரு நல்ல விலையைக் கேளுங்கள். நீங்கள் முடிவு செய்வதற்கு முன், குறைந்தது இரண்டு வெவ்வேறு அறைகளையாவது உங்களுக்குக் காட்டச் சொல்லுங்கள். மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் குறிப்பிடத்தகுந்த இரண்டு தங்கும் விடுதிகள் 1 மித்ரா 2 மற்றும் 2 ஹாஸ்டெல்லர் ஆகும்—முன்பதிவு செய்யாமல் நேரடியாகச் செல்வது சாதகமாகத் தெரிகிறது. வழக்கமான ஹோம்ஸ்டேக்கள், ஹோட்டல்கள் போன்றவற்றைத் தவிர, பக்ஸு மற்றும் ஹைனியில் அதிக எண்ணிக்கையிலான தங்கும் விடுதிகள் (மற்றும் பேக்பேக்கர்கள்) காணப்படுகின்றன. இங்கு குறிப்பிடத்தகுந்த தங்கும் விடுதிகள் 3 மித்ரா மற்றும் 4 யங் மங்க் ஆகும்—முன்பதிவு செய்யாமல் நேரடியாகச் செல்வது சாதகமாகத் தெரிகிறது. நீண்ட காலத் தங்குதல்களுக்கு, ஜோகிவாரா சாலையில் உள்ள யோங்லிங் படிக்கட்டுகளில் கீழே செல்லுங்கள்; அங்கு அருமையான காட்சிகளுடன், சுமார் பன்னிரண்டு மலிவான நல்ல இடங்கள் உள்ளன. == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == இந்த இடம் பாதுகாப்பானதுதான், இருப்பினும் முன்னெச்சரிக்கை நடவடிக்கைகளை மேற்கொள்வது நல்லது. எப்போதும் விழிப்புடன் இருங்கள்; இரவு 9 மணிக்கு மேல் வெளியே தங்கியிருந்தால் மிகுந்த எச்சரிக்கையுடன் செயல்படுங்கள். == அடுத்த இலக்கு == '''[[அமிர்தசரசு]]''' '''(Amritsar)''' – சீக்கியர்களின் புனித நகரமான இங்குதான் பொற்கோவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இங்கிருந்து பேருந்து மூலம் செல்ல சுமார் 6 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். அதிகாலை 5 மணிக்கு கீழ் பகுதியில் உள்ள பேருந்து நிலையத்திலிருந்து பேருந்துகள் புறப்படுகின்றன. அல்லது, பதான்கோட் வழியாகவும் செல்லலாம்; அங்கிருந்து பல பேருந்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து வசதிகள் உள்ளன. '''[[பீர் (Bir)]]'''– திபெத்திய மற்றும் இந்திய மக்கள் வசிக்கும் ஒரு கிராமம். இது பௌத்த மடாலயங்களுக்கும், பாராகிளைடிங் (paragliding) மையத்திற்கும் பெயர் பெற்றது. உலகின் இரண்டாவது மிக உயர்ந்த பாராகிளைடிங் தளமான 'பீர்-பில்லிங்' (Bir-Billing) இங்குள்ளதால், இது ஒரு சாகச மையமாக வளர்ந்து வருகிறது. '''[[டல்ஹௌசி (Dalhousie)]]'''– பதான்கோட்டிற்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு சிறிய மலைவாசஸ்தலம். '''[[மணாலி (Manali)]]''' – மலைகளின் உட்பகுதிகளுக்குச் செல்வதற்கான அடுத்த முக்கிய மையம். '''[[பாலம்பூர் (Palampur)]]'''– தேயிலைத் தோட்டங்கள், வேளாண் பல்கலைக்கழகம் மற்றும் கோயில்களுக்குப் பெயர் பெற்ற ஒரு அழகான பள்ளத்தாக்கு. '''[[சித்பாரி (Sidhbari)]]'''– கீழ் தர்மசாலாவிற்கு வெளியே அமைந்துள்ள இது, சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளின் கூட்ட நெரிசலில் இருந்து விலகி, பள்ளத்தாக்கில் உள்ள ஒரு வழக்கமான விவசாய கிராமத்தின் வாழ்க்கையை அனுபவிக்க ஏற்ற இடமாகும். s4n5yxtihy4d0ddb110ub94tb1gqjna 7374202 7374183 2026-10-25T12:44:26Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7374202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Dharamsala banner Monastery prayer wheel.jpg}} [[File:Dharamsala View.JPG|thumb|350px|McLeod Ganj and the snow-capped peaks of the Dhauladhars]] '''தர்மசாலா''' அல்லது தர்ம்சாலா (இந்தி: धर्मशाला Dharmshālā; திபெத்தியம்: དྷ་རམ་ས་ལ་), இது ஹிமாச்சல பிரதேசத்தில் உள்ள ஒரு மலைவாசஸ்தலம் ஆகும், இது தலாய் சமூகத்தின் பெரிய திபெத்திய நடவடிக்கைகளுக்குப் புகழ் பெற்றது. == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == தர்மசாலாவின் திபெத்திய பௌத்த வேர்கள் கி.பி. 8-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு வரை நீள்கின்றன; இருப்பினும், அங்குள்ள மக்களில் பெரும்பாலோர் நீண்ட காலத்திற்கு முன்பே இந்து மதத்திற்கு மாறி, இன்றும் அதையே பின்பற்றி வருகின்றனர். "தர்மசாலா" (Dharamsala) என்ற சொல்லுக்கு, "கோயிலுடன் இணைந்த தங்குமிடம்" என்று பொருள். காங்ராவில் இருந்த மாவட்டத் தலைமையகம் நெரிசல் மிகுந்ததாக மாறியதைத் தொடர்ந்து, 1840-களின் பிற்பகுதியில் பிரிட்டிஷார் தங்கள் படைகளில் இரண்டை, தற்போது தர்மசாலா என்று அழைக்கப்படும் பகுதிக்கு மாற்றினர். காலப்போக்கில், இப்பகுதி காங்ராவின் மாவட்டத் தலைமையகமாக வளர்ந்தது; இந்த இடம் தற்போது 'போலீஸ் லைன்ஸ்' (Police Lines) என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. தரம்சாலா இந்தியாவின் கோடைகாலத் தலைநகராக இருக்கக்கூடும் என்று முன்மொழியப்பட்டது. ஆனால், 1905-ஆம் ஆண்டு ஏப்ரல் 4- அன்று ஏற்பட்ட 7.8 ரிக்டர் அளவுள்ள நிலநடுக்கத்தால் இந்நகரத்தின் பெரும்பகுதி அழிந்து போனதால், அந்தத் திட்டம் நிறைவேறவில்லை. மக்கள் நடமாட்டம் குறைவாக இருந்த இந்தப் பகுதியில் நிகழ்ந்த அந்தப் பேரிடரில் 10,000-க்கும் மேற்பட்டோர் உயிரிழந்தனர். இந்திய சுதந்திரத்தின் தொடக்கக் காலங்களில் முக்கியத்துவத்தை இழந்து காணப்பட்ட தரம்சாலா, 1959-இல் தலாய் லாமா மற்றும் திபெத்திய நாடுகடத்தப்பட்ட அரசாங்கம் இங்கு வந்தடைந்ததைத் தொடர்ந்து, மீண்டும் ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட சமூக அந்தஸ்தைப் பெற்றது. இது வெளிநாட்டினரும் பௌத்த மத மாணவர்கள் பலரும் விரும்பிச் செல்லும் இடமாக மாறியுள்ளது. சொல்லப்போனால், தற்போது இது அளவுக்கு அதிகமாகவே பிரபலமடைந்துவிட்டது என்றுதான் சொல்ல வேண்டும்; இந்நகரம், குறிப்பாக மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (McLeod Ganj), ஒருவிதமான 'சுற்றுப்பயணிகளின் குடியிருப்புக் குடியேற்றமாக' (backpacker ghetto) மாறிவிட்டதாகப் பலர் கருதுகின்றனர். எனவே, அமைதியையும் நிசப்தத்தையும் எதிர்பார்த்து இங்கு வராதீர்கள். == காலநிலை == கீழ் தர்மசாலா 1,400 மீட்டர் உயரத்திலும், மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் சுமார் 1,750 மீட்டர் உயரத்திலும் அமைந்துள்ளன; இதனால் இவை கீழே உள்ள சமவெளிகளை விட கணிசமாகக் குளிர்ச்சியாக இருக்கின்றன. ஜனவரி மாதத்தில் வெப்பநிலை உறைநிலைக்குக் கீழே செல்லக்கூடும், அதே சமயம் ஜூன் மாதத்தில் 38°C வரை உயரலாம். ஜூலை முதல் செப்டம்பர் வரையிலான பருவமழைக் காலத்தில் அதிக மழை பொழியும். தலாய் லாமா தனது போதனைகளை வழங்கும் மார்ச் மாதத்தில் கூட — புது தில்லியில் இதமான வானிலை நிலவும் அதே வேளையில் — இங்கு உங்களுக்குத் தடிமனான குளிர்கால உடை தேவைப்படும். இத்தகைய உடைகளை நீங்கள் இந்த நகரத்திலேயே நியாயமான விலையில் வாங்கிக்கொள்ளலாம். == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == === வானூர்தியில் === காங்ரா விமான நிலையம் (DHM IATA) காங்ரா அருகிலுள்ள கக்கலில் அமைந்துள்ளது; இது மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சிலிருந்து சாலை வழியாக (MDR44 மற்றும் NH 154 வழியே) 15 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது. ==== தொடருந்தில் ==== புது தில்லியிலிருந்து இரவு நேரப் பயணத்தின் மூலம் எளிதாகச் சென்றடையக்கூடிய, பதான்கோட் மற்றும் அதற்கு அருகிலுள்ள சக்கி பேங்க் ஆகியவையே மிக அருகிலுள்ள முதன்மை மற்றும் சிறிய தொடருந்து நிலையங்களாகும். புது தில்லியிலிருந்து அம்ப் அண்டௌரா (Amb Andaura - AADR) செல்லும் வந்தே பாரத் எக்ஸ்பிரஸ் (22447) மற்றொரு விரைவான பயண விருப்பமாகும். இது புது தில்லியிலிருந்து காலை 05:50 மணிக்குக் கிளம்பி, 11:05 மணியளவில் அம்ப் அண்டௌராவை வந்தடைகிறது (பயண நேரம் சுமார் 5 மணி நேரம் 15 நிமிடங்கள்). அம்ப் அண்டௌராவிலிருந்து தரம்சாலா சுமார் 88 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது (சாலை வழியாகச் செல்ல சுமார் 2 மணி நேரம் 30 நிமிடங்கள் ஆகும்). தரம்சாலா செல்வதற்கு, தொடருந்து நிலையத்திலேயே HRTC / ஹிமாச்சலப் பிரதேச சுற்றுலாத் துறை பேருந்துகளும், ஏராளமான வாடகையுந்தும் எளிதாகக் கிடைக்கின்றன. தொடருந்து ரசிகர்கள் பதன்கோட்டில் இருந்து மெதுவாகவும் கடினமானதாகவும் இருக்கும் ஆனால் அழகான குறுகிய பாதையான காங்க்ரா பள்ளத்தாக்கு தொடருந்துவில் காங்க்ராவிற்கு 4 மணிநேர பயணத்தைத் தொடரலாம். காங்க்ராவில் நடந்து அல்லது இழுவண்டிகள் மூலமும் பேருந்து நிறுத்தத்திற்கு செல்லவும், அங்கிருந்து தர்மசாலா செல்லும் பேருந்துகள் செல்லவும். இந்த தொடருந்து உண்மையில் காங்க்ராவிலிருந்து ஜோகிந்தர்நகருக்கு மேலும் தொடர்கிறது. ==== பேருந்தில் ==== 1 தர்மசாலா ISBT பேருந்து நிலையம். பெரும்பாலான மக்கள் பேருந்து மூலமாகவே கீழ் தர்மசாலாவை (Lower Dharamsala) வந்தடைகின்றனர். வட இந்தியாவின் பிற பகுதிகளுடன் இது நல்ல போக்குவரத்துத் தொடர்பைக் கொண்டுள்ளது; இருப்பினும், மலைப்பகுதிகளில் உள்ள குறுகிய மற்றும் வளைந்து நெளிந்த சாலைகளால் பயண நேரம் சற்று அதிகமாக இருக்கலாம். இமாச்சல சாலைப் போக்குவரத்து கழகத்தின் (HRTC - மாநில அரசு நிறுவனம்) பேருந்து டிக்கெட்டுகளை இணையவழியில் முன்பதிவு செய்துகொள்ளலாம். (ஆகஸ்ட் 2023-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது | திருத்து) 2 தர்மசாலா தனியார் வோல்வோ (Volvo) பேருந்து நிறுத்தம்.புது தில்லி மற்றும் பதான்கோட் செல்லும் சில பொது HRTC பேருந்துகள் மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சின் பிரதான சதுக்கத்திற்குச் செல்கின்றன, அங்கு நீங்கள் திரும்பும் பயணத்திற்கான முன்கூட்டியே டிக்கெட்டுகளையும் முன்பதிவு செய்யலாம், ஆனால் இது இனி அப்படி இருக்காது. தனியாரால் இயக்கப்படும் பேருந்துகள் மணாலி, டேராடூன் மற்றும் புது தில்லி (சண்டிகர் வழியாகப் பல) இருந்து செல்கின்றன. திபெத்திய காலனியான மஜ்னு கா தில்லாவிலிருந்து பலர் புறப்பட்டுச் செல்லும் இரவு நேர பேருந்துகள் புது தில்லியிலிருந்து பயணிக்கின்றன. இந்த சேவைகள் 13 மணிநேரத்திற்கு மேல் எடுக்கும். '''வாடகையுந்து / மகிழ்வுந்து''' பதான் கோட்டிலிருந்து மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் வரையிலான 88 கி.மீ தூரத்தைக் கடக்க சுமார் 3 மணி நேரம் ஆகும். பதான் கோட்டிலிருந்து இதற்கான அதிகாரப்பூர்வ கட்டணம் (ஒரு வழிப் பயணம்) ₹2,200 ஆகும். இது மே 2019-ல், ஆல்டோ (Alto) அல்லது இண்டிகா (Indica) போன்ற சிறிய ரக கார்களுக்கான கட்டண விகிதமாகும். புது டெல்லியில் இருந்து வாடகையுந்து மஜ்னு கி திலா திபெத்திய குடியேற்றத்திலிருந்து ரிங் ரோட்டில் இருந்து புறப்படும். பலர் புது தில்லிக்கு ஒரு வாடகையுந்து எடுத்துச் செல்கிறார்கள், இது சுமார் 10 மணிநேரம் எடுக்கும் மற்றும் திரும்பும் கட்டணத்தைச் செலுத்துகிறது, ஏனெனில் அவர்கள் பேருந்தில் செல்வதில் உள்ள தொந்தரவு மற்றும் வலியைச் சமாளிக்க விரும்பவில்லை. இந்த வாடகையுந்து தர்மசாலாவுக்குத் திரும்ப வேண்டும், மேலும் பல முறை தங்கள் மகிழ்வுந்து இருக்கைகளை பேருந்து டிக்கெட்டின் அதே விலைக்கு விற்கும். இந்த வாடகையுந்தை கண்டுபிடிக்க, மஜ்னு கி திலா திபெத்திய குடியேற்ற பேருந்து நிலையத்திற்குச் சென்று ஹிமாச்சலப் பிரதேச உரிமத் தகடுகளைக் கொண்ட வாடகையுந்தை தேடுங்கள். நீங்கள் ஒரு ஓட்டுநருடன் பேச்சுவார்த்தை நடத்தலாம். பெரும்பாலும் வாடகையுந்துகள் மாலையில் புறப்பட்டு மறுநாள் அதிகாலையில் தர்மசாலா வந்து சேரும். == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == '''அமைவிடம்''' தரம்சாலா பல தனித்தனி பகுதிகளாகப் பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இந்தப் பகுதிகளுக்கு இடையே பயணம் செய்ய பேருந்து அல்லது ஜீப் மூலம் அதிகபட்சம் 15 நிமிடங்கள் (சுமார் 12 கி.மீ தூரம்) மட்டுமே ஆகும்: 1. '''கீழ் தரம்சாலா''' (Lower Dharamsala) – இங்குதான் பெரும்பாலான அரசு அலுவலகங்கள், பள்ளிகள், உள்ளூர் மருத்துவமனை மற்றும் வணிகப் பகுதிகள் அமைந்துள்ளன. மேலும், இங்கு சில தேயிலைத் தோட்டங்களும் உள்ளன; ஒன்று சில்ஹாரி (Chilgari) பகுதியிலும், மற்றொன்று டாரி (Dari) பகுதிக்கு அப்பாலும் காணப்படுகின்றன. இது ஒரு சாதாரண இந்தியச் சிறு நகரத்தைப் போன்றே இருக்கும். பேருந்து நிலையத்தைத் தவிர, சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு இங்கு பெரிதாக ஈர்க்கக்கூடிய இடங்கள் ஏதுமில்லை. இருப்பினும், இப்பகுதி வழியாகப் பயணம் செய்யும்போது சுற்றியுள்ள காட்சிகளை ரசிக்கலாம். 2.'''மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச்''' (McLeod Ganj) – மேல் தர்மசாலா என்று குறைவாக அறியப்படும் இது, ஒரு காலத்தில் பஞ்சாபின் பிரிட்டிஷ் துணைநிலை ஆளுநராக இருந்த டேவிட் மெக்லியோட் மற்றும் 'அக்கம்' என்று பொருள்படும் ஒரு பொதுவான பாரசீக வார்த்தையான 'கஞ்ச்' ஆகியவற்றின் நினைவாகப் பெயரிடப்பட்டது. கீழ் தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து 2,082 மீட்டர் உயரத்தில் மற்றும் 5 கி.மீ. நடைப்பயண தூரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள இது, திபெத்திய கலாச்சாரம், இயற்கை அழகு, கலப்பு பாரம்பரியம், பழமையான கோயில்கள், தேவாலயங்கள் மற்றும் மடாலயங்களுக்குப் புகழ்பெற்றது. 2021 ஆம் ஆண்டு நிலவரப்படி, திபெத்திலிருந்து நாடுகடத்தப்பட்ட பிறகு, புகழ்பெற்ற 14வது திபெத்திய தலாய் லாமா டென்சின் கியாட்சோவின் இல்லமாக இது விளங்குகிறது, இதனால் இது திபெத்திய சமூகத்தின் இல்லமாகவும் மையமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. 3.'''பக்ஸு'''(Bhagsu) – சில சமயங்களில் சின்ன டெல் அவிவ் என்றும் அழைக்கப்படும் இது, மெக்லியோடிற்கு வடகிழக்கே 2 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இஸ்ரேலில் இருந்து வரும் பல பயணிகளுக்கு இது மிகவும் வணிகமயமான ஒரு முக்கிய இடமாக மாறியுள்ளது – இங்கு ஹெப்ரு மொழி பேசுவதை சாதாரணமாகக் காணலாம். 4.'''தரம்கோட்''' (Dharamkot) – பக்சு (Bhagsu) பகுதியிலிருந்து 10 நிமிட நடைப்பயண தூரத்தில், மலைப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஓர் இடம். இங்கு பல தங்கும் விடுதிகள் உள்ளன. பக்சுவை விட அமைதியான சூழலைக் கொண்ட இங்கு, நவீன உணவகங்கள் மற்றும் யோகா, தியான மையங்கள் பல உள்ளன. மலையைச் சுற்றி அரை வட்ட வடிவில் அமைந்துள்ள நடைபாதை, ஷாப்பிங் செய்வதற்கும் உணவருந்துவதற்கும் மிகவும் ஏற்ற இடமாக விளங்குகிறது. 5.'''ஹைனி''' (Haini) - மற்றொரு 10 நிமிடம் நேராக வடக்கே ஏறினால், தர்மசாலாவின் கடைசி சுற்றுலா மையத்தை நீங்கள் அடைவீர்கள், சில சமயங்களில் அப்பர் தரம்கோட் என்று அழைக்கப்படும். தர்மசாலாவில் சில சிறந்த காட்சிகளைக் கொண்ட பல நல்ல தங்கும் விடுதிகள் உள்ளன. காலு நீர்வீழ்ச்சிக்கு செல்லும் வழியில் பல சுற்றுலா பயணிகள் இங்கு சென்றாலும், ரஷ்ய மொழி பேசும் பேக் பேக்கர்களால் இந்த இடம் பிரபலமாக உள்ளது. மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (McLeod Ganj) அருகிலுள்ள கிராமங்களில், கீழ் மற்றும் மேல் தர்மசாலாவுக்கு இடையில் அமைந்துள்ள பார்சைத் கஞ்ச் (Forsyth Ganj) குறிப்பிடத்தக்கது. அமைதியான மற்றும் எளிமையான சூழலை விரும்புபவர்கள், நட்டி (Naddi - 3 கி.மீ தொலைவில், சிறந்த காட்சிகளைக் காணக்கூடிய இடம்) அல்லது தல்னு (Talnu - 11 கி.மீ தொலைவில்) ஆகிய இடங்களுக்குச் செல்லலாம். இங்குள்ள இடங்கள் அனைத்தும் சிறியவை என்பதால், நடந்தே சென்று சுற்றிப் பார்க்க முடியும். மெக்லியோட், பக்சு, தரம்கோட் மற்றும் ஹைனி ஆகிய இடங்கள் ஒன்றுக்கொன்று மிக அருகில் உள்ளன (நடந்து சென்றால் அதிகபட்சம் 20 நிமிடங்கள் ஆகும்). அதே சமயம், லோயர் தர்மசாலா சற்று தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == [[File:HPCA Stadium Dharamshala.jpg|thumb|386x386px|தர்மசாலாவில் உள்ள எச்பிசிஏ (HPCA) மைதானத்திலிருந்து தௌலாதர் மலைத்தொடரின் காட்சி]] 1.'''தர்மசாலாவில் அமைந்துள்ள கிரிக்கெட் மைதானம்''' (HPCA கிரிக்கெட் அகாடமி), காலை 10 மணி முதல் மாலை 6 மணி வரை திறந்திருக்கும். மிகவும் அழகான இந்த இமாச்சலப் பிரதேச கிரிக்கெட் சங்க மைதானம், இந்தியாவில் தனித்துவமான ஒன்றாகும்; இது கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து 1,457 மீட்டர் உயரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளதுடன், இதன் பின்னணியில் பனி மூடிய இமயமலை மலைத்தொடரைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. 2.'''குனால் பத்தாரி''' -Kunal Pathari (தரம்சாலாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 3 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது). மக்கள் தினமும் இந்த ஆலயத்திற்கு வந்து தேவியை வழிபடுகிறார்கள். 3.'''தால் ஏரி'''- Dal Lake(மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சிலிருந்து 4 கி.மீ தொலைவில், நட்டிக்குக் கீழே). வழிகாட்டிப் பலகைகள் ஓரளவு நன்றாக வைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. எதிர்பார்ப்பை ஏமாற்றமளிக்கும் வகையில், இந்தப் புனிதக் குளம் அதன் பெயரைக் கொண்ட மஞ்சள் பயறு வகையின் நிறத்திலும் அமைப்பிலும் உள்ளது. 4.'''நட்டி காட்சி முனை-Naddi View Point''' (தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 10 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது). பனி போர்த்திய தௌலாதர் மலைத்தொடரின் முழுமையான அழகைக் காண்பதற்கு இது மிகச்சிறந்த இடமாகும். இங்கே தொலைநோக்கிகள் (கட்டணம் ₹10–20) உள்ளன; அவற்றின் மூலம் நீங்கள் ட்ரியுண்ட் (Triund) முகாம் பகுதியையும், குணா தேவி கோயிலையும் (Guna Devi Mandir) தெளிவாகக் காணலாம். தரம்கோட் (Dharamkot) அல்லது ஹைனியிலிருந்து (Haini) இங்கு நடைப்பயணமாக வருவது மிகவும் எளிது, ஏனெனில் இந்த வழிப்பாதை ஏறக்குறைய ஒரே உயர மட்டத்தில் அமைகிறது. இருப்பினும், வாடகையுந்து அல்லது இழுவண்டிகள் மூலமாகவும் நட்டி பகுதியை எளிதில் சென்றடையலாம். 5.'''பீக் ஆர்ட் கேலரி (Peak Art Gallery'''), டெம்பிள் ரோடு, மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (டெம்பிள் ரோட்டின் பாதியளவு தூரத்தில், கஃபே நிர்வாணாவுக்குக் கீழே). காலை 10 மணி முதல் மாலை 7 மணி வரை திறந்திருக்கும் [[File:Dhauladhar Range from Naddi viewpoint 2.jpg|thumb|நாட்டி பார்வையில் இருந்து தௌலாதர் மலைத்தொடர்]] 6.'''ரக்கர்- (Rakkar)'''. கீழ் தர்மசாலாவின் புறநகரில் உள்ள ஒரு அழகிய குக்கிராமம், இந்திய மாநிலமான ஹிமாச்சலப் பிரதேசத்தில் இமயமலையின் பனி மூடிய தௌலதார் மலைத்தொடரின் அடிவாரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. வரலாற்று ரீதியாக காடி சமூகத்தைச் சேர்ந்த மேய்ப்பர்கள் வசிக்கும் இந்த குக்கிராமம், மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் என்ற பரபரப்பான சுற்றுலா மையத்திலிருந்து விலகிச் செல்ல ஆர்வமுள்ள பார்வையாளர்களை மெதுவாக ஈர்க்கிறது. [[File:St John Cathedral in the Wilderness.jpg|thumb|வனப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள புனித ஜான் கதீட்ரல்]] 7.'''செயின்ட் ஜான் கதீட்ரல் இன் தி வைல்டர்னஸ்'''- (St. John Cathedral in the Wilderness) தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 5 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது பசுமையான சூழலுக்கு நடுவே அமைந்துள்ள, கண்ணைக் கவரும் அழகான தேவாலயமாகும். மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சிலிருந்து (McLeod Ganj) இது 1 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது. மே 2019 நிலவரப்படி, ஆட்டோவில் செல்ல ₹70 ​​கட்டணமாக இருந்தது. தேவாலயத்திற்கு அருகில் ஆட்டோ நிறுத்துமிடம் (auto stand) இல்லாததால், அங்கிருந்து திரும்புவதற்கு ஆட்டோ கிடைப்பது சற்று கடினம். எனவே, முடிந்தால், ஆட்டோ ஓட்டுநரை அங்கேயே காத்திருக்கச் சொல்லி, அதே ஆட்டோவில் மற்ற இடங்களுக்குச் செல்லலாம். நுழைவு கட்டணம் இல்லை. 8.'''திபெத்திய கலை நிகழ்ச்சிகள் நிறுவனம்''' Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts(TIPA). பாரம்பரிய திபெத்திய நடனம், இசை மற்றும் நாடக மேடை நிகழ்ச்சிகள் நடைபெறும் இடம். ஆனால் நிகழ்ச்சிகள் அடிக்கடி செய்யப்படுவதில்லை கால அட்டவணையை முன்கூட்டியே சரிபார்க்கவும். 9.'''திபெத்திய நூலகம்''' - Tibetan Library(திபெத்திய படைப்புகள் மற்றும் ஆவணங்களுக்கான நூலகம்), கங்சென் கியிஷோங் (Gangchen Kyishong), ☏ +91 9218422467, +91 9882255047 10 '''திபெத் அருங்காட்சியகம்''',-Tibet Museum மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (சுக்லாக்ஹாங் எதிரில்), ☏ +91 18 922 2510. செவ்வாய்-ஞாயிறு, காலை 9 மணி முதல் மாலை 5 மணி வரை. திபெத்தின் வரலாறு மற்றும் அதன் மக்கள் குறித்த சிறிய, ஆனால் சுவாரஸ்யமான அருங்காட்சியகம். 11.'''சுக்லாக்ஹாங் வளாகம்''' - Tsuglagkhang Complex மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் உள்ள டெம்பிள் சாலையில் அமைந்துள்ளது சுக்லாக்ஹாங் வளாகம். திபெத்திற்கு வெளியே உள்ள மிகப்பெரிய திபெத்தியக் கோயிலாகும். இதில் அழகான சிலைகள் மற்றும் 'தாங்கா' (thangka) ஓவியங்களைக் கொண்ட ஒரு பெரிய தியான மண்டபமும், அற்புதமான சுவரோவியங்களைக் கொண்ட 'காலச்சக்கர' (Kalachakra) கோயிலும் உள்ளன. இது தலாய் லாமாவின் மடாலயமாகும்; இது அவரது இல்லத்திற்கு நேர் எதிரே அமைந்துள்ளது. மேலும், இங்கு சுமார் 2 மீட்டர் உயரமுள்ள, திபெத்திய வழிபாட்டுச் சக்கரங்களிலேயே மிகப்பெரிய சக்கரம் உள்ளது—இதைச் சுழற்றிப் பாருங்கள்! == செய்யுங்கள் == சுற்றித் திரிந்து பாருங்கள். மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (McLeod Ganj) நடைப்பயணமாகச் சுற்றி வருவதற்கு மிகவும் அழகான இடமாகும். தௌலாதர் மலைத்தொடரின் சரிவுகளில் அமைந்துள்ள தங்கும் விடுதிகள், வண்ணமயமான திபெத்தியக் கொடிகளால் அலங்கரிக்கப்பட்ட சந்தைகள், கைவினைப் பொருட்கள் மற்றும் சுவையான உணவுகளை வழங்கும் கடைகள் என அனைத்தும் இந்த இடத்திற்கு மேலும் அழகு சேர்க்கின்றன. மேலும், தரம் கோட் (Dharamkot) பகுதியில் பல சிறிய உணவகங்கள் உள்ளன; அங்கு நீங்கள் ஓய்வெடுத்துக் கொண்டே, சுற்றியுள்ள உலகத்தை அமைதியாக ரசிக்கலாம். 1. '''பக்சு கோயில் நீச்சல் குளம்''', பக்சு. பக்சுவில் உள்ள நீச்சல் குளத்தில் நீந்தி மகிழுங்கள். குறிப்பாக வெப்பமான காலநிலையில், இப்பகுதியில் உள்ள மற்ற சுற்றுலா சார்ந்த இடங்களைக் காட்டிலும், இது ஒரு சிறந்த நிம்மதியைத் தரும். இங்குள்ள நீர், நீர்வீழ்ச்சியிலிருந்து வரும் அதே நீர்தான்; இது தொடர்ந்து குளத்திற்குள் புதிய நீராக வந்து கொண்டிருக்கிறது. [[File:Bhagsunag Waterfall Pan.JPG|thumb|'''பக்சு நீர்வீழ்ச்சி''']] 2. '''பக்சு நீர்வீழ்ச்சி''' (தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து 3 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது). இங்கு பல நீர்வீழ்ச்சிகள், ஒரு பழமையான கோயில், ஏராளமான சிலேட் கல் குவாரிகள் மற்றும் நன்னீர் ஊற்று ஆகியவை உள்ளன. பக்சு சாலை வழியாக, அதே பெயரைக் கொண்ட கிராமத்தின் ஊடாக எளிதாக நடந்து சென்று, அங்கிருந்து 1 கி.மீ தூரம் மேலே சென்றால் நீர்வீழ்ச்சியை அடையலாம். நீர்வீழ்ச்சிக்குச் செல்லும் பாதையின் பெரும்பகுதி கற்களால் ஆனது; செங்குத்தான பகுதிகளில் பாதுகாப்புக்காக வேலிகள் அமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. நீர்வீழ்ச்சியின் அடிவாரத்தில் சிற்றுண்டிகள் மற்றும் பானங்களை விற்கும் பல விற்பனையாளர்கள் உள்ளனர். நீர்வீழ்ச்சியின் மேல் பகுதியில் உள்ள குளங்களில் குளிக்க முடிவு செய்தால் கவனமாக இருக்கவும்; அங்கு தண்ணீரில் கண்ணாடித் துண்டுகள் இருக்கலாம். மேற்கத்திய சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் இரவில் "முறையற்ற" செயல்களில் ஈடுபடுவதைத் தடுப்பதற்காக, உள்ளூர் மக்கள் இவற்றை அங்கு வீசியிருக்கலாம் என்று கருதப்படுகிறது. நீங்கள் 'அப்பர் பக்சு' (Upper Bhagsu) பகுதியிலிருந்தும் உங்கள் பயணத்தைத் தொடங்கலாம்; அங்கிருந்து நீர்வீழ்ச்சியை நோக்கிச் செல்லும் மற்றொரு பாதை ஏறக்குறைய ஒரே உயரத்தில் அமைகிறது. நீர்வீழ்ச்சியை அடைந்த பிறகு, இன்னும் சற்று மேலே சென்றால் 'சிவா கஃபே' (Shiva Café) உள்ளது. அங்கு மலை நீருடன் கூடிய ஒரு சிறிய தனியார் குளமும், ஓய்வெடுத்து உணவருந்த வசதியான இடமும் உள்ளன. 3.'''காலு நீர்வீழ்ச்சி (Galu Waterfall)''' - இது ஒரு அழகான நடைப்பயண அனுபவத்தைத் தரும். முதலில், பக்சுவிலிருந்து (Bhagsu) ஹைனிக்கு (Haini) பின்னால் உள்ள மலைப்பகுதி வரை சுமார் 300 மீட்டர் உயரத்திற்கு நீங்கள் ஏற வேண்டியிருக்கும். அங்கிருந்து செல்லும் பாதையில் ஏற்ற இறக்கங்கள் அவ்வளவு கடினமாக இருக்காது; வழியில் 3–4 சிற்றுண்டிச்சாலைகளும் உணவகங்களும் உள்ளன. பயணத்தின் இறுதியில், சிறிய நீர்வீழ்ச்சியும், நீரோடைகளும், நீந்துவதற்கு ஏற்ற இடங்களும் உள்ளன. [[File:Cjtriund1.jpg|thumb|ட்ரியுண்ட் நடைப்பயணம்]] 4. '''ட்ரியுண்ட்''' '''(Triund)'''நீங்கள் ஒரு விறுவிறுப்பான நடைப்பயணத்தை விரும்பினால், தரம்கோட்டுக்கு அப்பால் உள்ள மலையில் ஏறி ட்ரியுண்ட் முகட்டை அடையுங்கள். சண்டிகர் மற்றும் புது தில்லியிலிருந்து வார இறுதிப் பயணமாகச் செல்ல இது மிகவும் பிரபலமான மலையேற்றங்களில் ஒன்றாகும், மேலும் இது ஒருவேளை மிகவும் எளிதான இமயமலை மலையேற்றமாகவும் இருக்கலாம். 1,800–1,900 மீ உயரத்தில் உள்ள பக்ஸு அல்லது தரம்கோட்டிலிருந்து 6 கி.மீ தூரமும், 3 மணி நேர (ஒரு வழிப் பயணம்) பயணமும் ஆகும். இது அடர்ந்த காடுகளின் வழியாகச் செல்வதால், ஒரு கடினமான ஏற்றத்தைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் ஆயிரக்கணக்கான மலையேற்ற வீரர்கள் இந்த மலையேற்றத்திற்கு வருகிறார்கள். ட்ரியுண்ட், இமயமலையின் முதல் சிகரங்களின் அழகான காட்சிகளையும், சமவெளிகளின் பரந்த காட்சியையும் வழங்குகிறது. டிசம்பர் மற்றும் ஜனவரி மாதங்களில், பனிப்பொழிவுக்குப் பிறகு இப்பகுதி வெண்மையாக மாறுவது, மலையேற்ற வீரர்களுக்கு இதை மேலும் கவர்ச்சிகரமானதாக ஆக்குகிறது. இது 2,875 மீ உயரத்தில் இருப்பதால், நல்ல காலணிகளை அணிந்து, தண்ணீர், சிறிதளவு உணவு மற்றும் ஒரு கூடுதல் மேலங்கி அல்லது கோட் ஆகியவற்றை எடுத்துச் செல்வதை உறுதிப்படுத்திக் கொள்ளுங்கள். உச்சியில், கோடைக்காலத்தில் கூட, வானிலை வெப்பமாகவும் வெயிலாகவும் இருந்து மிக விரைவாகக் குளிராகவும் மேகமூட்டமாகவும் மாறக்கூடும். ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் சில சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் வெறும் செருப்புகளையும் டி-ஷர்ட்டையும் மட்டும் அணிந்துகொண்டு, இந்த வழியில் தங்களைப் பெரிய சிக்கலில் மாட்டிக்கொள்கிறார்கள். மேற்குப் பாதை சிறப்பாகப் பராமரிக்கப்படுவதாகத் தெரிகிறது, எனவே நீங்கள் தரம்கோட்டில் இருந்தால், அந்தப் பாதையை முயற்சித்துப் பாருங்கள். திரியுண்ட் மலையேற்றத்திற்கு முன் நீங்கள் உடலைத் தயார்படுத்திக்கொள்ள விரும்பினால், குணா கோயில் மலையேற்றத்தை முயற்சித்துப் பாருங்கள். நீங்கள் திரியுண்டில் இரவு தங்கத் திட்டமிட்டால், அங்கு ஒரு வன ஓய்வு இல்லம் (ஒரு இரவுக்கு ₹500–1000) உள்ளது. ஒரு இரட்டைப் படுக்கை விரிப்பை எடுத்துச் செல்லுங்கள், ஆனால் அங்கு குழாய் நீரோ அல்லது மின்சாரமோ இல்லை என்பதை நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். ஒரு டார்ச் விளக்கு கட்டாயம் தேவை. வன ஓய்வு இல்லம் நிரம்பியிருந்தால், நீங்கள் கூடாரங்களை வாடகைக்கு எடுக்கலாம். சற்று உயரமான இடத்தில் உள்ள ஸ்னோலைன் கூடார முகாமிலும் நீங்கள் தங்கலாம். விவரங்களுக்கு சன்செட் கஃபேயில் உள்ள ஊழியர்களிடம் கேளுங்கள், அவர்களிடம் அதற்கான தொடர்பு எண்கள் உள்ளன. லாகா பனிப்பாறை (Laka Glacier) பயணம். ஒரு பனிப்பாறையைச் சென்றடைவது எப்போதும் உற்சாகமான அனுபவம், ஆனால் பெரும்பாலான சமயங்களில் அதை அடைவது கடினமான காரியமாகும். ஆசியாவிலேயே மிகக் குறைந்த உயரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ள பனிப்பாறைகளில் ஒன்று லாகா பனிப்பாறை ஆகும். லாகா பனிப்பாறைக்கான நடைபாதை 'ட்ரியண்ட்' (Triund) உச்சி வழியாகச் செல்வதால், இந்தப் பயணம் பெரும்பாலும் 'ட்ரியண்ட் - லாகா பனிப்பாறை பயணம்' (Triund Laka Glacier Trek) என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. தரம் கோட் (Dharamkot) அல்லது பாக்சு நாக் (Bhagsu Nag) பகுதியிலிருந்து தொடங்கும் இந்தப் பயணம், செங்குத்தான சரிவுகள் மற்றும் பனி படர்ந்த பாதைகள் வழியாகச் செல்கிறது. இது ட்ரியண்ட் மலை, ஸ்னோலைன் கஃபே (Snowline Cafe) மற்றும் அழகான தௌலாதர் (Dhauladhar) மலைத்தொடர்களை உள்ளடக்கியது. 5 '''இந்திரஹார் கணவாய்''' (Indrahar Pass). ட்ரியுண்டிலிருந்து (Triund) மேலும் மேலே செல்லும் இந்தப் பாதை, ஆல்ப்ஸ் மலைப்பகுதி போன்ற சூழலைக் கொண்ட மலையேற்றப் பாதையாகும். இதற்குச் செல்ல நீங்கள் ஒரு சுற்றுலாத் திட்டத்தைப் (tour) பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டியிருக்கலாம். இது காங்ரா பள்ளத்தாக்கில் பனி படர்ந்த தௌலாதர் (Dhauladhar) மலைத்தொடரின் ஊடாகச் சென்று, லாமு (Lamu) பகுதியில் முடிவடைகிறது. 6 '''டோரால் கணவாய்''' (Toral Pass - 4,575 மீ). இது தர்மசாலாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 10 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ள டாங் நர்வானாவிலிருந்து (Tang Narwana - 1,150 மீ) தொடங்குகிறது. 7 கரேரி ஏரி மலையேற்றம் (Kareri Lake Trek). பசுமையான சூழலுக்கு நடுவே அமைந்துள்ள இந்த பனிப்பாறை ஏரி, இயற்கை ஆர்வலர்களுக்கு மிகவும் கவர்ச்சிகரமான இடமாகும். '''கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள்''' [[File:Dharamsala Temple Bazaar.JPG|thumb|பாதி திபெத்திய, பாதி இந்தியத் தன்மை கொண்ட மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சின் சந்தை பரபரப்பு]] யோகா, தியானம், ரெய்கி, திபெத்திய மற்றும் இந்திய சமையல் வகுப்புகள், திபெத்திய மொழி வகுப்புகள் மற்றும் தாய் மசாஜ் உள்ளிட்ட பல்வேறு பயிற்சிகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. பல பயிற்சிகளில் சைவ உணவுகளும் அடங்கும்; இவை தியான மையங்களில் நடத்தப்படுகின்றன. == பணி செய்யுங்கள் == '''தன்னார்வப் பணி''' தன்னார்வப் பணியில் ஈடுபடுவதற்குச் சில வாய்ப்புகள் உள்ளன. ஒரு மாதம் அல்லது அதற்கு மேற்பட்ட நீண்ட காலத் திட்டங்களில் சேர விரும்பினால், நகரின் மையப்பகுதியில் உள்ள LHA அலுவலகத்தைத் தொடர்புகொள்ளுங்கள். அங்குள்ள பணியாளர்கள் மிகவும் நட்பானவர்கள்; கற்பித்தல், தனிப்பட்ட முறையில் பாடம் சொல்லிக்கொடுத்தல் அல்லது உரையாடல் வகுப்புகளில் பங்கேற்க விரும்பும் எவரையும் அவர்கள் மகிழ்ச்சியுடன் வரவேற்கிறார்கள். '''லா சமூக பணி Lha Social Work'''- தர்மசாலா மற்றும் மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் உள்ள மிகப்பெரிய தொண்டு நிறுவனங்களில் ஒன்றாகும், மேலும் திபெத்திய அகதிகள், உள்ளூர் இந்திய மக்கள் மற்றும் இமயமலைப் பகுதிகளைச் சேர்ந்த மக்களுக்கு முக்கிய ஆதாரங்கள் மற்றும் சேவைகளை வழங்குவதை நோக்கமாகக் கொண்டுள்ளது. ஆங்கிலம், பிரஞ்சு மற்றும் சீன வகுப்புகள், தகவல் தொழில்நுட்ப வகுப்புகள், தொழில் பயிற்சி, சுகாதாரம் மற்றும் சுற்றுச்சூழல் விழிப்புணர்வு கல்வி, உடைகள் மற்றும் மருந்து விநியோகம், சமூக சமையலறை மற்றும் பல திட்டங்கள் மற்றும் செயல்பாடுகளுக்கு தன்னார்வலர்கள் தேவை. '''ரோக்பா கஃபே -Rogpa Cafe''' (ஜோகிவாரா சாலை) - ஓட்டலில் வேலை செய்ய அல்லது டே கேர் சென்டரில் குழந்தைகளைப் பார்த்துக் கொள்ள அவர்கள் எப்போதும் தன்னார்வலர்களைத் தேடுகிறார்கள். இது 2 வார கமிட்மென்ட். அனைத்து வருமானமும் உள்ளூர் குழந்தைகளுக்கு இலவச சேவைகளை வழங்கும் ரோக்பா டே கேர் சென்டருக்குச் செல்கிறது. '<nowiki/>'''டெசி சுற்றுச்சூழல் விழிப்புணர்வு இயக்கம்'''' (Tesi Environmental Awareness Movement) – நீங்கள் சுற்றுச்சூழல் நிபுணராக இருந்தால், திபெத்தியர்களின் இந்த இலாப நோக்கமற்ற அமைப்பைத் தொடர்புகொள்ளலாம். திபெத்தியர்களுடன் பழகி, அவர்களின் கலாச்சாரம் மற்றும் தனிப்பட்ட கதைகளை அறிந்துகொள்ளும் அதே வேளையில், அவர்களுக்கு ஆங்கிலம் கற்கவும் நீங்கள் உதவலாம். தெருக்களில் துறவிகள் முன்வைக்கும் தனிப்பட்ட கற்பித்தல் (private tutorage) கோரிக்கைகளை ஏற்கும் போது கவனமாக இருக்கவும்; சில நாட்களுக்குப் பிறகு அவர்கள் உங்களிடம் நிதி உதவி கோரக்கூடும் (இருப்பினும், இத்தகைய நிகழ்வுகள் அரிதானவை). இத்தகைய உதவிகளை வழங்க விரும்பினால், நம்பகமான மற்றும் நன்கு நிறுவப்பட்ட அமைப்பின் வாயிலாகச் செயல்படுவது சிறந்தது. பொதுவாக, பெரும்பாலான துறவிகளும் சாதாரண மக்களும், அவர்களுக்கு ஆங்கிலம் கற்க உதவும் உங்கள் செயலுக்கு மிகுந்த நன்றியுணர்வுடன் இருப்பார்கள். இது திபெத்திய மக்களை இன்னும் நெருக்கமாக அறிந்துகொள்ள ஒரு சிறந்த வழியாகும். உதவி செய்வதற்கு எளிதான வழி, டெம்பிள் சாலையில் (Temple Rd) உள்ள 'எல்.எச்.ஏ' (LHA) அல்லது ஜோகிவாரா சாலையில் (Jogiwara Rd) உள்ள 'எல்.ஐ.டி' (LIT) ஆகிய அமைப்புகளுக்குச் சென்று, கற்பித்தல் பணிக்காகப் பதிவு செய்துகொள்வதாகும். ஒரு மாத காலத்திற்குத் தொடர்ந்து ஈடுபடுவது விரும்பத்தக்கது. == வாங்குங்கள் == தர்மசாலாவில் ஆபரணங்கள் மற்றும் சிறு அலங்காரப் பொருட்கள், கம்பளி சால்வைகள், பிரார்த்தனை கொடிகள், பிரார்த்தனை சக்கரங்கள், தரைவிரிப்புகள், மற்றும் 'தங்க' (thangka) அல்லது 'மண்டல' (mandala) ஓவியங்கள் போன்ற பல திபெத்திய பொருட்களை வாங்கலாம். திபெத்திய 'சிங்கிங் பவுல்' (Tibetan Singing Bowl) - இதை வாசிப்பது எளிது; இது ஒலி சிகிச்சை (sound healing), இசை சிகிச்சை அல்லது வெறும் மன அமைதிக்காகப் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது. == உண்ணுங்கள் == திபெத்திய தெருவோர விற்பனையாளர்கள் விற்கும் மோமோக்கள் பொதுவாக 8 துண்டுகள் கொண்ட ஒரு தட்டு ₹80-க்கு விற்பனை செய்யப்படுகின்றன. இவை உண்பதற்குப் பாதுகாப்பானவை மற்றும் மேற்கத்திய சுவைக்கும் ஏற்றவை; இருப்பினும், கீழே குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள மிகச்சிறந்த உணவகங்களில் கிடைக்கும் மோமோக்களில் உள்ள நுணுக்கமான சுவையுடன் இவற்றை ஒப்பிட முடியாது. திபெத்திய உணவு மற்றும் பானங்களைச் சுவைத்துப் பார்க்க தர்மசாலா ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகும்: '''மோமோஸ்''' (Momos)– இறைச்சி அல்லது காய்கறிகள் நிரப்பப்பட்ட, ஆவியில் வேகவைக்கப்பட்ட அல்லது பொரித்த கொழுக்கட்டைகள். '''துக்பா''' (Thukpa) – காய்கறிகள் அல்லது இறைச்சியுடன் கூடிய ஒரு சத்தான நூடுல்ஸ் சூப். '''தென்துக்''' (Thenthuk) – கையால் செய்யப்பட்ட தட்டையான செவ்வக வடிவ நூடுல்ஸ்களைக் கொண்ட துக்பா. '''போச்சா''' (Pocha)– வெண்ணெயுடன் கடைந்தெடுக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு உப்புச் சுவை கொண்ட தேநீர், இது திபெத்தியர்களின் ஒரு முக்கிய உணவாகும், மேலும் இது பொதுவாக திபெத்திய வெண்ணெய்த் தேநீர் என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் உணவருந்த ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகும். மேலும், இந்த ஊரில், குறிப்பாக வெளிநாட்டு சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளைக் கவரும் வகையில், நடுத்தர மற்றும் உயர் ரக உணவகங்கள் ஏராளமாக உள்ளன. மேலும், பக்ஸு மற்றும் தரம்கோட் ஆகிய இடங்களில் சிறந்த உள்ளூர், ஃபியூஷன் மற்றும் வெளிநாட்டு உணவு விடுதிகள் உள்ளன—ஹம்முஸும் ஃபலாஃபெலும் (hummus and falafel)அரிதானவை அல்ல. தரம்சாலாவில் விலைகள் பொதுவாக இந்தியாவின் மற்ற (சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் அதிகம் வராத) பகுதிகளை விட 50-100% அதிகமாக இருக்கும். அதுமட்டுமின்றி, இந்திய உணவு அல்லாதவற்றுக்கு பெரும்பாலும் அதிகக் கூடுதல் கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படுகிறது. == பருகுங்கள் == டெம்பிள் சாலையில் உள்ள LHA, பாஸ்கூ சாலையில் உள்ள சுற்றுச்சூழல் கல்வி மையம் (Environmental Education Centre) மற்றும் ஜோகிவாரா சாலையில் உள்ள டோகா மையம் (Dogga-Centre) போன்ற பல நீர் சுத்திகரிப்பு நிலையங்களில், உங்கள் தண்ணீர் பாட்டிலை சுத்திகரிக்கப்பட்ட நீரைக் கொண்டு நிரப்பிக்கொள்ளலாம். நிக்ஸ் (Nick's) மற்றும் கிரீன் ஹோட்டல் (Green Hotel) உள்ளிட்ட சில உணவகங்களிலும் கட்டணம் செலுத்தி (₹5; கிரீன் ஹோட்டலில் ₹10) சுத்திகரிக்கப்பட்ட நீரைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ள முடியும். '''காபி / தேநீர்''' குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள உணவகங்கள் மற்றும் பேக்கரிகள் பலவற்றில், காபி அல்லது தேநீர் அருந்துவதற்கும், அதே வேளையில் காட்சியை ரசிப்பதற்கும் மிகச் சிறந்த இடங்களாகும். '''மூன்பீக் எஸ்பிரெசோ''' (Moonpeak Espresso), டெம்பிள் ரோடு, மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சின் முதன்மைச் சதுக்கத்திலிருந்து 10 நிமிட நடைப்பயண தூரம்). காலை 7 மணி முதல் இரவு 8 மணி வரை. காபி விலை ₹40–70. மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் இதைவிடச் சிறந்த காபி கிடைக்கும் இடங்கள் இருந்தாலும், இது ஒரு மிகவும் இனிமையான கஃபே ஆகும். இங்கு பணிபுரிபவர்கள் அனைவரும் திபெத்தியர்கள், உரிமையாளர்கள் இந்தியர்கள். சிறிய அளவிலான, ஆனால் சுவையான சாண்ட்விச்கள் மற்றும் பல காலை உணவு வகைகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. மூலிகை தேநீர் உள்ளிட்ட பல்வேறு தேநீர் வகைகள் ₹50–60 விலையில் உள்ளன. மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் இலவச மற்றும் சீராகச் செயல்படும் வைஃபை (Wi-Fi) வசதி கொண்ட மிகச் சில இடங்களில் இதுவும் ஒன்று. மெனுவில் ஒரு குறிப்பு அச்சிடப்பட்டுள்ளது; அதன்படி, "நீங்கள் இணையத்தைப் பயன்படுத்த நீண்ட நேரம் அமர்ந்திருக்கப் போகிறீர்கள் என்றால், தயவுசெய்து சில உணவுகளை ஆர்டர் செய்யுங்கள்" என்று கேட்டுக்கொள்ளப்பட்டுள்ளது. '''மதுபானம்''' 'எக்ஸ் சைட்' (X cite), மெயின் ஸ்கொயர், மெக்லியோட் கஞ்ச் (மெயின் ஸ்கொயர்). ஒரு காலத்தில் இது மிகவும் பிரபலமாக இருந்திருக்கலாம், ஆனால் அந்த நல்ல காலம் முடிந்துவிட்டதாகவே தோன்றுகிறது. இப்பகுதியில் உள்ள ஒரே நடன தளம்/நைட் கிளப் இதுதான். இங்கு இரவு 1 மணி வரை இந்திய மற்றும் மேற்கத்திய இசை ஒலிக்கப்படுகிறது. == உறங்குங்கள் == மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் தங்குவதற்குப் பலவிதமான இடங்கள் உள்ளன, ஆனால் அதன் முக்கிய வீதிகளில் (குறிப்பாக பக்ஸு சாலை) வழக்கமாக இருக்கும் வாகனங்களின் ஒலி எழுப்பும் தொல்லைக்கு (மகிழ்வுந்து, இருசக்கர வாகனம் மற்றும் இழுவண்டிகள்) ஆளாக நேரிடுகிறது. இரைச்சலான சத்தங்களால் நீங்கள் பாதிக்கப்படலாம்.. பொருத்தமான ஒன்றைக் கண்டுபிடிப்பது எளிது—சற்று சுற்றிப் பார்த்து, ஒரு நல்ல விலையைக் கேளுங்கள். நீங்கள் முடிவு செய்வதற்கு முன், குறைந்தது இரண்டு வெவ்வேறு அறைகளையாவது உங்களுக்குக் காட்டச் சொல்லுங்கள். மெக்லியோட் கஞ்சில் குறிப்பிடத்தகுந்த இரண்டு தங்கும் விடுதிகள் 1 மித்ரா 2 மற்றும் 2 ஹாஸ்டெல்லர் ஆகும்—முன்பதிவு செய்யாமல் நேரடியாகச் செல்வது சாதகமாகத் தெரிகிறது. வழக்கமான ஹோம்ஸ்டேக்கள், ஹோட்டல்கள் போன்றவற்றைத் தவிர, பக்ஸு மற்றும் ஹைனியில் அதிக எண்ணிக்கையிலான தங்கும் விடுதிகள் (மற்றும் பேக்பேக்கர்கள்) காணப்படுகின்றன. இங்கு குறிப்பிடத்தகுந்த தங்கும் விடுதிகள் 3 மித்ரா மற்றும் 4 யங் மங்க் ஆகும்—முன்பதிவு செய்யாமல் நேரடியாகச் செல்வது சாதகமாகத் தெரிகிறது. நீண்ட காலத் தங்குதல்களுக்கு, ஜோகிவாரா சாலையில் உள்ள யோங்லிங் படிக்கட்டுகளில் கீழே செல்லுங்கள்; அங்கு அருமையான காட்சிகளுடன், சுமார் பன்னிரண்டு மலிவான நல்ல இடங்கள் உள்ளன. == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == இந்த இடம் பாதுகாப்பானதுதான், இருப்பினும் முன்னெச்சரிக்கை நடவடிக்கைகளை மேற்கொள்வது நல்லது. எப்போதும் விழிப்புடன் இருங்கள்; இரவு 9 மணிக்கு மேல் வெளியே தங்கியிருந்தால் மிகுந்த எச்சரிக்கையுடன் செயல்படுங்கள். == அடுத்த இலக்கு == '''[[அமிர்தசரசு]]''' '''(Amritsar)''' – சீக்கியர்களின் புனித நகரமான இங்குதான் பொற்கோவில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இங்கிருந்து பேருந்து மூலம் செல்ல சுமார் 6 மணிநேரம் ஆகும். அதிகாலை 5 மணிக்கு கீழ் பகுதியில் உள்ள பேருந்து நிலையத்திலிருந்து பேருந்துகள் புறப்படுகின்றன. அல்லது, பதான்கோட் வழியாகவும் செல்லலாம்; அங்கிருந்து பல பேருந்து மற்றும் தொடருந்து வசதிகள் உள்ளன. '''[[பீர் (Bir)]]'''– திபெத்திய மற்றும் இந்திய மக்கள் வசிக்கும் ஒரு கிராமம். இது பௌத்த மடாலயங்களுக்கும், பாராகிளைடிங் (paragliding) மையத்திற்கும் பெயர் பெற்றது. உலகின் இரண்டாவது மிக உயர்ந்த பாராகிளைடிங் தளமான 'பீர்-பில்லிங்' (Bir-Billing) இங்குள்ளதால், இது ஒரு சாகச மையமாக வளர்ந்து வருகிறது. '''[[டல்ஹௌசி (Dalhousie)]]'''– பதான்கோட்டிற்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு சிறிய மலைவாசஸ்தலம். '''[[மணாலி (Manali)]]''' – மலைகளின் உட்பகுதிகளுக்குச் செல்வதற்கான அடுத்த முக்கிய மையம். '''[[பாலம்பூர் (Palampur)]]'''– தேயிலைத் தோட்டங்கள், வேளாண் பல்கலைக்கழகம் மற்றும் கோயில்களுக்குப் பெயர் பெற்ற ஒரு அழகான பள்ளத்தாக்கு. '''[[சித்பாரி (Sidhbari)]]'''– கீழ் தர்மசாலாவிற்கு வெளியே அமைந்துள்ள இது, சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளின் கூட்ட நெரிசலில் இருந்து விலகி, பள்ளத்தாக்கில் உள்ள ஒரு வழக்கமான விவசாய கிராமத்தின் வாழ்க்கையை அனுபவிக்க ஏற்ற இடமாகும். khy1uodkexmodrlnsut1ahe3gyq3qnw 0 3825648 7374289 7364508 2026-10-25T14:41:20Z Charlotte Cudjoe 2689426 added new 7374289 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oti_Region#cite_note-6</ref>'''Oti maanzinli''' le maamzinli ne mɔɔ boka maanzinli nsia fofolɛ ne mɔɔ bɛva bɛboka Ghana maanzinli ne anwo na bɛyele bevile Volta maanzinli ne anu wɔɔ siane bulu ne nwiɔ 2018.ɛhye boka yɛmenle Maanle kpayinle dɛba Nana Akufo-Addo ɛwɔkɛlɛ kɛ ɔbava oti maanzinli ne yeboka nwo na mamunle yɛra menli ne anu.wɔ siane enunli 14,2019 yɛɛ bɛlale Dambai kɛ ɔle ye maangyeba.<ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/ncce-urges-protection-of-water-bodies/</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/new-ghana-map-with-16-regional-capitals.html</ref> '''Dambai''' a le bɛ maangyeba wɔ Oti maanzinli ne mɔɔ wɔ Ghana la. <references /><ref>'''mbai''' is a city and the capital of the Oti Region of Ghana.</ref> keoc82iz8f1gsnoa259rgcffjh6zwp6 0 3825935 7374747 7373264 2026-10-26T08:50:00Z ङघिञ 2644823 7374747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/pih/Short description|Wikkapedya portal f' laenghwijz}} <div style="font-size:85%;">{{Wp/pih/Portals browsebar}}</div><hr /> <div style="background: repeating-linear-gradient(#1F51FF80, #B026FF80, #BC13FE80); border-radius:10px; border:2px solid #520E7D;"><span style="font-family:'Bell MT', serif; font-size:170%;"><center>Welkam ti t' Laenghwij Portal!</center></span> [[File:Globe of letters.svg|center]] {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Introduction|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Intro}}{{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Intro}} <div style="clear: both"></div> {| width="100%" cellspacing="10" |- | valign="top" width="50%" |<!-- COLUMN 1 CONTENT --> {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Selected laenghwij {{#if: {{{Purge|}}}{{{purge|}}} | {{{Purge|}}}{{{purge|}}} |- <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink">[{{fullurl:{{{page|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|action=purge}}<span title="Purge this page" style="color:darkblue;"><small>''show another''</small></span>]}}|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij}} {{Wp/pih/Alternate | 1= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/1}} | 2= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/2}} | 3= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/3}} | 4= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/4}} | 5= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/5}} }} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-footer|1=[[Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal|More Selected artikals]]}} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Did yew know? {{#if: {{{Purge|}}}{{{purge|}}} | {{{Purge|}}}{{{purge|}}} |- <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink">[{{fullurl:{{{page|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|action=purge}}<span title="Purge this page" style="color:darkblue;"><small>''show another''</small></span>]}}|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij}} {{Wp/pih/Alternate | 1= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Did yew know/1}} | 2= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Did yew know/2}} | 3= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Did yew know/3}} | 4= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Did yew know/4}} | 5= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Did yew know/5}} }} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-footer|1=[[Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Did yew know|More Did yew know]]}} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Related portals|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij}} {{Wp/pih/Related portals|Linguistics|Writing|Constructed laenghwijz|Sosietii}}{{Wp/pih/Box-footer}} | valign="top" width="50%" |<!-- COLUMN 2 CONTENT --> {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Selected topic {{#if: {{{Purge|}}}{{{purge|}}} | {{{Purge|}}}{{{purge|}}} |- <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink">[{{fullurl:{{{page|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|action=purge}}<span title="Purge this page" style="color:darkblue;"><small>''show another''</small></span>]}}|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij}} {{Wp/pih/Alternate | 1= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected topic/1}} | 2= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected topic/2}} | 3= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected topic/3}} | 4= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected topic/4}} | 5= {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected topic/5}} }} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-footer|1=[[Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected topic|More Selected topics]]}} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Selected pictures {{#if: {{{Purge|}}}{{{purge|}}} | {{{Purge|}}}{{{purge|}}} |- <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink">[{{fullurl:{{{page|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|action=purge}}<span title="Purge this page" style="color:darkblue;"><small>''show another''</small></span>]}}|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij}} {{Wp/pih/Alternate | 1={{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected pictures/1}} | 2={{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected pictures/2}} }} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Box-footer|1=[[Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected pictures|More selected pictures]]}} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Find a laenghwij|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij}} {| style="float:right; font-family:'Bell MT', serif; border-radius:10px; border:1px solid #00A86B; background:linear-gradient(#32CD32CC, #CB9D06CC);" |- |Enter wun [[Wp/pih/ISO 639|ISO 639]] code ti find t' corresponding laenghwij artikal |- |<inputbox> type=search width=10 default=Wp/pih/ISO 639: buttonlabel=Go searchbuttonlabel=Search break=no </inputbox> |} {{Wp/pih/Box-footer}} |} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Topics|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij}} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Topics}} {{Wp/pih/Box-footer}} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Associated Wikimedia|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij}} {| class="plainlinks" align="center" cellspacing="2" style="text-align:left; width:90%; background:transparent; line-height:1.25em" summary="WIKIPROJECT WIKIMEDIA" | style="text-align:center; width:50px" | [[File:Commons-logo.svg|25px|link=//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Norfuk-Pitkern|uselang=pih|alt=commons:]] | [[commons:Special:Search/Category:Language|'''Wikimedia Commons''']]<br/><small>Media repository</small> | style="text-align:center" | [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|25px|link=s:sa:|alt=s:]] | '''[[s:en:Special:Search/Language|Wikisource]]'''<br/><small>Library</small> | style="text-align:center" | [[File:Wikiquote-logo.svg|25px|link=q:en:|alt=q:]] | [[q:en:Special:Search/Language|'''Wikiquote''']]<br/><small>Collection o' quotes</small> | style="text-align:center" | [[File:Wikidata-logo.svg|25px|link=//wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page?uselang=id|alt=]] | [//wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Language '''Wikidata''']<br/><small>Knowledge Library</small> |- | style="text-align:center; width:56px" | [[File:Wiktionary-logo.svg|25px|link=Wt/pih|alt=]] | [[Special:Search:Wt/pih/Laenghwij|'''Wikshunarii''']]<br/><small>Frii Dictionary</small> | style="text-align:center; width:56px" | [[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|25px|link=b:en:|alt=b:]] | [[b:en:Special:Search/Language|'''Wikibooks''']]<br/><small>Collection o' books</small> | style="text-align:center" | [[File:Wikiversity-logo.svg|25px|link=v:|alt=v:]] | [[v:en:Special:Search/Language|'''Wikiversity''']]<br/><small>Learning space an aktiiviitis</small> |} {{Wp/pih/Box-footer}} </div> {{INTERWIKI|Q28581}} [[Category:Wp/pih]] [[Category:Wp/pih/Portals]] [[Category:Wp/pih/Laenghwij|Laenghwij]] fk73jjpmuk5no0u3cx283o6iu4308nm 0 3826173 7374440 7371210 2026-10-25T20:03:59Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q2605033}} '''Betty Oyella Bigombe''', orikumanywa nka '''Betty Atuku Bigombe''' (akazaarwa ebiro 21 Okwaikumi omuri 1952), n'omunyabyabutegyeki Omunyayuganda owaheereize nk'Omukuru w'ahaiguru ow'okureeberera obutabanguko, entaro, hamwe n'obutabanguko aha Banka y'ensi yoona kuruga omuri 2014 kuhisya omuri 2017. Akatooranwa omu kwezi kwa mukaaga 2014.<ref>[http://www.inclusivesecurity.org/network-bio/betty-bigombe/ "Women Peace Experts: Betty Bigombe".] Institute for Inclusive Security. 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2015.</ref> Kuruga Okwakataano omuri 2011 kuhisya okwa mukaaga omuri 2014, akaba ari minisita w'eihanga ow'ebintu by'amaizi omu kakiiko ka Uganda Cabinet. Akatooranwa ebiro 27 Okwakataano omuri 2011.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208384704078&comments Uganda State House (27 May 2011). "Comprehensive List of New Cabinet Appointments & Dropped Ministers"]. [[:en:Facebook.com|Facebook.com.]] Retrieved 2 March 2015.</ref> Akaba naaheereza omurundi gumwe nk'omujwekyerwa waishenkuru omu ishengyero (MP), arikujwekyera ekicweka ky'abakazi omuri disiturikiti ya Amuru.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150501103710/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=t "Profile of Atuku Bigombe Betty, Woman Representative, Amuru District".] [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Parliament of Uganda.]] 2012. Archived from [https://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=t&n=t&details=t&j=589&const=Woman+Representative&dist_id=76&distname=Amuru the original] on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2015.</ref> Akarekura emirimo ebiri egyo ekiro 1 Okwamukaaga omuri 2014.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201406030486.html "Uganda: Bigombe Resigns, Joins World Bank"]. [[:en:The_Observer_(Uganda)|The Observer (Uganda).]] 1 June 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2015 – via [[:en:AllAfrica.com|AllAfrica.com.]]</ref> == Eby'enyima hamwe n'eby'obwegyese == Betty Bigombe akazaarwa ebiro 21 Okwaikumi omuri 1952 omuri [[Wp/nyn/Disiturikiti ya Amuru|disiturikiti ya Amuru]] omuri Uganda, erikumanywa nk'eya Acholi. Ni omwe aha baana ikumi na bamwe abazaarirwe ishe, owaabaire ari omunaasi. Ni ow'oruganda rwa Acholi. Bigombe akashoma [[Wp/nyn/Gayaza High School|Gayaza High School]] ahabw'ebya O-Level, yaamara omuri 1968 kandi Trinity College Nabbingo ahabw'ebya A-Level, yaamara omuri 1970. Akataaha [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]], yunivasite ya Uganda erikukirayo obukuru, yaamara n'omutindo gwa Bachelor of Arts omu Social Science, omuri 1974. Bwanyima akashoma Harvard Kennedy School ahari Harvard University, omuri Cambridge, Massachusetts omuri [[Wp/nyn/United States|United States]]. Akamara n'omutindo gwa Master of Public Administration. Eby'okushoma bye aha Harvard bikaba nibishagikwa Fellowship kuruga omu Harvard Institute for International Development.[3][5] == Omurimo == Kuruga omuri 1981 kuhisya omuri 1984, akakora nk'omuhandiiki w'ekitongore kya Uganda Mining Corporation, ekitongore kya gavumenti. Kuruga 1986 kuhisya 1996, akakorera omu [[Wp/nyn/Eishengyero rya Uganda|ishengyero rya Uganda]] nk'omukiiki w'eishengyero. Omuri 1988, akatooranwa nk'omuhwezi wa minisita w'eby'amahanga g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Uganda, ekirikumwetengyesa kutuura omuri [[Wp/nyn/Gulu|Gulu]], orurembo orurikukirayo obuhango omu kicweka ky'amahanga g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Uganda. Akatwarwa omurimo gw'okuhiga abahekyera ba Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) kuta ebikwato byabo ahansi, bwanyima y'okuremwa kw'amahe kusingura abahekyera. Bigombe akatandika kukwatanisa n'omwebembezi wa LRA [[Wp/nyn/Joseph Kony|Joseph Kony]] omu Kwamukaaga omuri 1993. Omuri 1993, akatooranwa nk'omukazi wa Uganda ow'omwaka ahabw'amaani ge agarikuhendera obutabanguko. N'obu araabe yaabugaine na Kony, enteerane zikagwa omu Kwakabiri omuri 1994.[6] Ahonaaho bwanyima, obutabanguko bukeeyongyera kandi tihaine amaani makuru agarikubaasa kukorwa aha by'obusingye omu myaka ikumi erikukurataho. Bwanyima y'okumara emyaka ikumi omu ishengyero rya Uganda kuruga 1986 kuhisya 1996, akaremwa kusingura entebe y'eishengyero eya Gulu Municipality omuri 1996 kandi yaaruga omu buheereza bwa gavumenti. Omuri 2011, emyaka ikumi n'etaano bwanyima, akagaruka yaasingura entebe y'eishengyero eya Amuru District Women's Constituency, aha tiketi y'ekibiina kya [[Wp/nyn/National Resistance Movement|National Resistance Movement]].[3] Omuri 1997, bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye kuruga Harvard, akatandika kukora na Banka y'ensi yoona omuri Washington, DC, nk'omukugu omu by'entunguuka y'abantu omu kitongore ekirikukwata aha ntaro. Bwanyima, akakora nk'omuhwezi wa Banka omu kitongore ky'okurinda abantu hamwe n'entunguuka y'abantu. Omu 1999 na 2000, Bigombe akaha obuhwezi bw'eby'emikono aha Carter Center omu kugyezaho kw'amaani okw'okutereeza enshonga ahagati ya gavumenti za [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] na [[Wp/nyn/Sudan|Sudan]]. Bwanyima y'okwitwa kw'abantu baingi omuri Barlonyo okwa kabiri 2004, Bigombe akatwara oruhuumura kuruga omu Banka y'ensi yoona kandi yaagyenda omuri Uganda kugyezaho kutandikaho enteekateeka y'obusingye. Kuruga Okwakashatu 2004 kuhisya 2005, Bigombe niwe yaabaire ari omuteezi w'enteekateeka omu nteekateeka ensya y'obusingye na Lord's Resistance Army, arikushashurira omu muntu bingi ebirikukwata aha kureeta abaminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda hamwe n'abebembezi b'abahekyera hamwe. Orukiiko rw'ahamuheru orwabaireho ebiro 20 Okwakana 2005, rukagwa. Kwonka, okuremwa kwa Bigombe kureeberwa nk'okurikuta omusingye gw'enteeseganya za Juba eza 2006–2007, ezabaire niziteezibwaho gavumenti ya South Sudan.[5] Enteeseganya ezo zikagwa aha shaaha y'ahamuheru obu Joseph Kony yaayangire kuta omukono aha ndagaano y'obusingye.[7] Bwanyima y'okwitwa kw'abantu baingi omuri Barlonyo okwa kabiri 2004, Bigombe akatwara oruhuumura kuruga omu Banka y'ensi yoona kandi yaagyenda omuri Uganda kugyezaho kutandikaho enteekateeka y'obusingye. Kuruga Okwakashatu 2004 kuhisya 2005, Bigombe niwe yaabaire ari omuteezi w'enteekateeka omu nteekateeka ensya y'obusingye na Lord's Resistance Army, arikushashurira omu muntu bingi ebirikukwata aha kureeta abaminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda hamwe n'abebembezi b'abahekyera hamwe. Orukiiko rw'ahamuheru orwabaireho ebiro 20 Okwakana 2005, rukagwa. Kwonka, okuremwa kwa Bigombe kureeberwa nk'okurikuta omusingye gw'enteeseganya za Juba eza 2006–2007, ezabaire niziteezibwaho gavumenti ya South Sudan.[5] Enteeseganya ezo zikagwa aha shaaha y'ahamuheru obu Joseph Kony yaayangire kuta omukono aha ndagaano y'obusingye.[7] Omuri 2006, akagaruka omuri United States kandi yaheereza nk'omukugu omukuru aha US Institute of Peace omuri Washington, D.C.[8] Bwanyima, akatooranwa nk'omwegi w'Africa ow'omutaano aha Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, nawe omuri Washington, D.C. Omu 2007, akatunga ekirabo kya Peacemakers in Action Award kuruga omu Tanenbaum Center for Interreligious Understanding. Akatooranwa kuba mukuru w'entebe y'ekitongore ky'eby'amakuru n'ebya tekinorogye omu Uganda (NITAU) omuri 2009.[9] Omu Kwakataano 2011, akatooranwa omwebembezi w'eihanga Yoweri Museveni nk'omuhwezi wa minisita w'eby'oburugo bw'amaizi, omwanya ogu yaagumireho kuhisya Okwamukaaga 2014, obu yaarekura omurimo gwe kutwara omurimo gwe aha banka y'ensi yoona.[4] Omuri 2021, akatooranwa nk'omujwekyerwa wa Uganda omuri Malaysia. Okwongyera ahari ekyo, n'omwebembezi w'abakazi abarikukwatanisa omu Commonwealth, ekibiina ekirimu abakazi abarikufayo munonga kandi abaine obukugu omu kugira ngu habeho okukwatanisa.[10] Ebiro 29 Okwakana omuri 2024, omu mukoro gw'okujaguza emyaka 74 eya Makerere University, akaheebwa diguri y'ekitiinisa eya Doctor of Laws Degree, Honoris Causa eya Makerere University.[11] == Okuteekateeka okundi == Betty Bigombe akaba ari omukazi w'omushaija wa Uganda owabaire ari omujwekyerwa omuri Japan.[5] Niwe maama w'abaana babiri; Pauline na Emmanuel.[7] Okwongyera ahari Acholi hamwe n'Orungyereza, nagamba Oruswahili hamwe n'Orujapaani.[12] == Reeba n'ebi. == * Acholiland * Ekicweka kya Acholi * Kabineti ya Uganda * Obutabanguko bwa Lord's Resistance Army * Robert Carmona-Borjas == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] nm1hewmf76h69ndpp4max3f542xy7vr 10 3826299 7374745 7373305 2026-10-26T08:48:58Z Wadaihangit 2578757 pranala dalam 7374745 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {| id="tbl-enc" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 style="vertical-align:top; color:White; margin:10px 0 10px 0; vertical-align:top; width:100%; color:White; padding:15px" |- | <!--- ---> {| style="width:100%; border:0; background:white; display: block; text-align: left; padding-left: 1px" |- | | style="width:100%; text-align:center; white-space:normal; color:Black" | <div style="background: White; display: inline-block; padding: 2em; font-size: 1.2em; border-radius:4px; line-height: 2em; padding: 3%" id="mf-benv"> <strong style="font-size: 1.8em;">Uy, salamat datang di [[Wikibooks:Perihal|'''WIKIBUKU''']]</strong> [[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|120px|left|alt=A globe with letters on it]] <p> buku bibas nang [[Wikibooks:Salamat datang|kawa dibabak siapa haja]]. </p> <p> Tahaga ada '''[[Special:PrefixIndex/Wb/bjn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wb/bjn}}]]''' buting buku [[Wb/bjn/Basa_Banjar|babasa Banjar]]. </p> </div> |}<!--- ----> | style="width:40%; font-size:90%; color:#000; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" | <div style="overflow: hidden; text-align: left; padding: 3%; color: black; background: White; border-radius:4px; display: inline-block;"> * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Palajaran|Palajaran]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Carita|Kisdap]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Kumputer|Kumputer]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Pulitik|Pulitik]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Cara bamasak|Cara bamasak]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Sani|Sani]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Wisata|Wisata]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Basa|Basa]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Puisi|Puisi]] |} <noinclude>[[Category:Wb/bjn/Laman Tatambaian]]</noinclude> a092d6vffund522q3fcmyyjgvb2hyzx 7374746 7374745 2026-10-26T08:49:27Z Wadaihangit 2578757 7374746 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {| id="tbl-enc" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 style="vertical-align:top; color:White; margin:10px 0 10px 0; vertical-align:top; width:100%; color:White; padding:15px" |- | <!--- ---> {| style="width:100%; border:0; background:white; display: block; text-align: left; padding-left: 1px" |- | | style="width:100%; text-align:center; white-space:normal; color:Black" | <div style="background: White; display: inline-block; padding: 2em; font-size: 1.2em; border-radius:4px; line-height: 2em; padding: 3%" id="mf-benv"> <strong style="font-size: 1.8em;">Uy, salamat datang di [[Wikibooks:Perihal|'''WIKIBUKU''']]</strong> [[File:Wikibooks-logo.svg|120px|left|alt=A globe with letters on it]] <p> buku bibas nang [[Wikibooks:Salamat datang|kawa dibabak siapa haja]]. </p> <p> Tahaga ada '''[[Special:PrefixIndex/Wb/bjn|{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Wb/bjn}}]]''' buting buku [[Wb/bjn/Basa_Banjar|babasa Banjar]]. </p> </div> |}<!--- ----> | style="width:40%; font-size:90%; color:#000; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap" | <div style="overflow: hidden; text-align: left; padding: 3%; color: black; background: White; border-radius:4px; display: inline-block;"> * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Palajaran|Palajaran]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Carita|Kisdap]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Kumputer|Kumputer]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Pulitik|Pulitik]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Cara bamasak|Cara bamasak]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Sani|Sani]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Wisata|Wisata]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Basa|Basa]] * [[:Wb/bjn/Tumbung:Puisi|Puisi]] |} <noinclude>[[Category:Wb/bjn/Laman Tatambaian]]</noinclude> [[Category:Wb/bjn]] 0uf9u4dkhxrnp7uaybnxz9v60mn0p0l 0 3826339 7374185 7367284 2026-10-25T12:33:03Z Sree1959 2594881 அரைகுறையான கட்டுரை வார்ப்புரு சேர்க்கப்பட்டது 7374185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner |Australia alt banner.jpg| caption=உலுரு-காதா சூத்தா தேசியப் பூங்காவில் காதா சூத்தா உலுரு, வடப் பிரதேசம்|தோற்றம்=0.3,0|pgname=ஆத்திரேலியா}} ''கீழே உள்ள பூமி'' என்று செல்லப்பெயர் பெற்ற '''ஆத்திரேலியா'''வைப் போன்ற ஓர் இடம் வேறு எங்கும் இல்லை. இது ஒரு முழு கண்டத்தையே தனக்கே சொந்தமாகக் கொண்ட ஒரே நாடாகும். 65,000 ஆண்டுகளுக்கும் மேலான பழங்குடி பண்பாடுகள் மற்றும் நவீன காலங்களில் நிகழ்ந்த உண்மையான உலகளாவிய குடியேற்றம் ஆகியவற்றைக் கொண்ட இந்த நாடு, அதன் இயற்கை அதிசயங்கள், பரந்த திறந்தவெளிகள், கடற்கரைகள், பாலைவனங்கள், புதர் நிலங்கள் மற்றும் உட்புறப் பகுதிகளுக்குப் புகழ்பெற்றது. இருப்பினும், இது மிகவும் நகரமயமாக்கப்பட்ட பகுதியாகவும் உள்ளது. இங்கு பலதரப்பட்ட பன்னாட்டு நகரங்கள் உள்ளன – இவற்றில் மிகப்பெரிய மற்றும் மிகவும் புகழ்பெற்றது [[Wy/ta/சிட்னி|சிட்னி]] ஆகும். இது உலகின் மிகவும் பிரபலமான துறைமுகங்களில் ஒன்றில் அமைந்துள்ளது. [[Category:Wy/ta/Country articles]] {{Wy/ta/Stub}} 4yq9rokvlyg37klc6e66w3wwtg3nben 0 3826343 7374363 7367463 2026-10-25T19:10:23Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Duncan Mubiru''' (owazairwe 17 Okwa kashatu 1974), orikumanywa munonga nka Kikankane, n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuhakahakana omu Uganda National Rally Championship hamwe n'emizaano endiijo y'empaka z'omu byanga. Akasingura empaka z'ihanga ez'okuvuga emotoka omuri 2021 hamwe na Pearl of Africa Uganda Rally omuri 2023. Naamanywa ahabw'okuhakahakana omu motoka otwariiremu Subaru Impreza WRX STI hamwe na Ford Fiesta Proto.<ref>tomas.shacki.wanka; matej.kamenec. [https://ewrc-results.com/profile/16967-duncan-mubiru "Mubiru Duncan]". eWRC-results.com. Retrieved 2026-10-20.</ref><ref name=":1">Batanudde, John (9 May 2023). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/motor-sport/fitness-and-intelligence-helped-us-win-pearl-rally-kikankane-4227986 "Fitness and Intelligence helped us win Pearl rally- Kikankane".] Daily Monitor.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://emc-ug.com/2024/09/ugandan-drivers-who-captivated-fans-but-are-now-missing-in-action-part-2/ "Ugandan Drivers Who Captivated Fans but Are Now Missing in Action: Part 2"]. Eastern Motor Club. September 2024.</ref> == Omurimo gw'okuvuga emotoka == Mubiru akatandika kuhakana omu mpaka z'okuvuga emotoka omuri 2011. Omu mirimo ye, avugiire emotoka nyingi ez'empaka, otwariiremu emiringo ya Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, Subaru Impreza WRX STI hamwe na Ford Fiesta Proto. Eiziina rye ery'ekikwangara, "Kikankane", rifokere eririkukwatanisibwa munonga n'okureebeka kwe omu mpaka z'okuvuga emotoka omuri Uganda.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> === Empaka z'okuvuga eza 2021 National Rally Championship === Mubiru akasinga empaka z'okuvuga eza Uganda National Rally Championship omuri 2021 arikuvuga Subaru Impreza WRX STI GVB. Empaka zikaba ziri ekintu ky'amaani omu murimo gwe gw'okuvuga.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">Batanudde, John (5 March 2026). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/motor-sport/kikankane-to-drive-subaru-gvb-in-safari-rally-5380068 "Kikankane to drive Subaru GVB in Safari Rally".] Daily Monitor.</ref> === Empaka z'okuvuga eza Pearl of Africa Uganda Rally 2023 === Omu Kwakataano 2023, Mubiru akasinga empaka za Pearl of Africa Uganda Rally arikuvuga Ford Fiesta Proto hamwe n'omuvugi mugyenzi Joseph Bongole. Abavugi bakahendera omu bwire bwa shaaha ibiri, edakiika 30 hamwe n'obutikitiki 54, barikwebembera Byron Rugomoka na Hakim Mawanda. Obusinguzi bukahikiiriza kimwe aha bigyendererwa bya Mubiru ebyabaire biri omu muzaano.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://motorsportuganda.com/kikankane-finally-pearl-rally-winner/ "Kikankane finally Pearl Rally winner"]. Federation of Motorsport Clubs of Uganda. May 2023.</ref> Mubiru akagira ngu obuhanguzi bukaruga omu kwetebeekanisa, okubaasa kandi n'okuvuga kurungi, kandi yaasiima na mugyenzi we ahabw'okumanya eby'emotoka ahabw'okuhwera abavugi kukora aha bizibu omu mpaka.<ref name=":1" /> === '''Regional rally competitions''' === Mubiru nawe akajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'omubyanga, otwariiremu n'empaka za Safari Rally omuri Kenya. Omu kwezi kwa kashatu 2026, akataahamu omu mpaka aine omuvugi mugyenzi Joseph Kamya, arikuvuga Subaru Impreza WRX STI GVB kuhakana ahabwa obubonero bwa Africa Rally Championship.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Kikulwe, Gerald (March 2026). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/ugandas-rally-crews-flagged-off-for-safari-ra-NV_229349_052026 "Uganda's rally crews flagged off for Safari Rally Challenge"]. New Vision.</ref> Omu kwezi kwa ikumi 2026, Mubiru akasinga empaka za Central Motor Club's Gulu rally omurundi gwa kabiri ogwakuratiire. Arikuvuga Ford Fiesta Proto hamwe n'omuvugi w'okumukwatanisa Hamza Lwanga, akamara obutikitiki 42.2 omu maisho ga Moses Lumala.<ref>Batanudde, John (13 October 2026). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/motor-sport/kikankane-refuses-to-surrender-gulu-crown-5630106 "Kikankane refuses to Surrender Gulu Crown"]. Daily Monitor.</ref><ref name=":4">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/duncan-mubiru-defends-cmc-gulu-rally-title-NV_242233_102026 "Duncan Mubiru defends CMC Gulu Rally title]". New Vision. October 2026.</ref> == Ebirikuhikirizibwa == * Uganda National Rally Championship: 2021<ref name=":2" /> * Pearl of Africa Uganda Rally: 2023<ref name=":1" /> * Central Motor Club Gulu Rally: 2025, 2026<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] jfwzufl7n9mh0g0qs55wry7vbjihpa7 7374366 7374363 2026-10-25T19:13:23Z MEvalyn 2608615 Added infobox 7374366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q110897819}} '''Duncan Mubiru''' (owazairwe 17 Okwa kashatu 1974), orikumanywa munonga nka Kikankane, n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuhakahakana omu Uganda National Rally Championship hamwe n'emizaano endiijo y'empaka z'omu byanga. Akasingura empaka z'ihanga ez'okuvuga emotoka omuri 2021 hamwe na Pearl of Africa Uganda Rally omuri 2023. Naamanywa ahabw'okuhakahakana omu motoka otwariiremu Subaru Impreza WRX STI hamwe na Ford Fiesta Proto.<ref>tomas.shacki.wanka; matej.kamenec. [https://ewrc-results.com/profile/16967-duncan-mubiru "Mubiru Duncan]". eWRC-results.com. Retrieved 2026-10-20.</ref><ref name=":1">Batanudde, John (9 May 2023). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/motor-sport/fitness-and-intelligence-helped-us-win-pearl-rally-kikankane-4227986 "Fitness and Intelligence helped us win Pearl rally- Kikankane".] Daily Monitor.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://emc-ug.com/2024/09/ugandan-drivers-who-captivated-fans-but-are-now-missing-in-action-part-2/ "Ugandan Drivers Who Captivated Fans but Are Now Missing in Action: Part 2"]. Eastern Motor Club. September 2024.</ref> == Omurimo gw'okuvuga emotoka == Mubiru akatandika kuhakana omu mpaka z'okuvuga emotoka omuri 2011. Omu mirimo ye, avugiire emotoka nyingi ez'empaka, otwariiremu emiringo ya Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, Subaru Impreza WRX STI hamwe na Ford Fiesta Proto. Eiziina rye ery'ekikwangara, "Kikankane", rifokere eririkukwatanisibwa munonga n'okureebeka kwe omu mpaka z'okuvuga emotoka omuri Uganda.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> === Empaka z'okuvuga eza 2021 National Rally Championship === Mubiru akasinga empaka z'okuvuga eza Uganda National Rally Championship omuri 2021 arikuvuga Subaru Impreza WRX STI GVB. Empaka zikaba ziri ekintu ky'amaani omu murimo gwe gw'okuvuga.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">Batanudde, John (5 March 2026). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/motor-sport/kikankane-to-drive-subaru-gvb-in-safari-rally-5380068 "Kikankane to drive Subaru GVB in Safari Rally".] Daily Monitor.</ref> === Empaka z'okuvuga eza Pearl of Africa Uganda Rally 2023 === Omu Kwakataano 2023, Mubiru akasinga empaka za Pearl of Africa Uganda Rally arikuvuga Ford Fiesta Proto hamwe n'omuvugi mugyenzi Joseph Bongole. Abavugi bakahendera omu bwire bwa shaaha ibiri, edakiika 30 hamwe n'obutikitiki 54, barikwebembera Byron Rugomoka na Hakim Mawanda. Obusinguzi bukahikiiriza kimwe aha bigyendererwa bya Mubiru ebyabaire biri omu muzaano.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://motorsportuganda.com/kikankane-finally-pearl-rally-winner/ "Kikankane finally Pearl Rally winner"]. Federation of Motorsport Clubs of Uganda. May 2023.</ref> Mubiru akagira ngu obuhanguzi bukaruga omu kwetebeekanisa, okubaasa kandi n'okuvuga kurungi, kandi yaasiima na mugyenzi we ahabw'okumanya eby'emotoka ahabw'okuhwera abavugi kukora aha bizibu omu mpaka.<ref name=":1" /> === '''Regional rally competitions''' === Mubiru nawe akajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'omubyanga, otwariiremu n'empaka za Safari Rally omuri Kenya. Omu kwezi kwa kashatu 2026, akataahamu omu mpaka aine omuvugi mugyenzi Joseph Kamya, arikuvuga Subaru Impreza WRX STI GVB kuhakana ahabwa obubonero bwa Africa Rally Championship.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Kikulwe, Gerald (March 2026). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/ugandas-rally-crews-flagged-off-for-safari-ra-NV_229349_052026 "Uganda's rally crews flagged off for Safari Rally Challenge"]. New Vision.</ref> Omu kwezi kwa ikumi 2026, Mubiru akasinga empaka za Central Motor Club's Gulu rally omurundi gwa kabiri ogwakuratiire. Arikuvuga Ford Fiesta Proto hamwe n'omuvugi w'okumukwatanisa Hamza Lwanga, akamara obutikitiki 42.2 omu maisho ga Moses Lumala.<ref>Batanudde, John (13 October 2026). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/motor-sport/kikankane-refuses-to-surrender-gulu-crown-5630106 "Kikankane refuses to Surrender Gulu Crown"]. Daily Monitor.</ref><ref name=":4">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/duncan-mubiru-defends-cmc-gulu-rally-title-NV_242233_102026 "Duncan Mubiru defends CMC Gulu Rally title]". New Vision. October 2026.</ref> == Ebirikuhikirizibwa == * Uganda National Rally Championship: 2021<ref name=":2" /> * Pearl of Africa Uganda Rally: 2023<ref name=":1" /> * Central Motor Club Gulu Rally: 2025, 2026<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] tfuacxobezd1qb7pkchjyeko1kng12k 7374368 7374366 2026-10-25T19:14:04Z MEvalyn 2608615 Unbolded subheading 7374368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q110897819}} '''Duncan Mubiru''' (owazairwe 17 Okwa kashatu 1974), orikumanywa munonga nka Kikankane, n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuhakahakana omu Uganda National Rally Championship hamwe n'emizaano endiijo y'empaka z'omu byanga. Akasingura empaka z'ihanga ez'okuvuga emotoka omuri 2021 hamwe na Pearl of Africa Uganda Rally omuri 2023. Naamanywa ahabw'okuhakahakana omu motoka otwariiremu Subaru Impreza WRX STI hamwe na Ford Fiesta Proto.<ref>tomas.shacki.wanka; matej.kamenec. [https://ewrc-results.com/profile/16967-duncan-mubiru "Mubiru Duncan]". eWRC-results.com. Retrieved 2026-10-20.</ref><ref name=":1">Batanudde, John (9 May 2023). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/motor-sport/fitness-and-intelligence-helped-us-win-pearl-rally-kikankane-4227986 "Fitness and Intelligence helped us win Pearl rally- Kikankane".] Daily Monitor.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://emc-ug.com/2024/09/ugandan-drivers-who-captivated-fans-but-are-now-missing-in-action-part-2/ "Ugandan Drivers Who Captivated Fans but Are Now Missing in Action: Part 2"]. Eastern Motor Club. September 2024.</ref> == Omurimo gw'okuvuga emotoka == Mubiru akatandika kuhakana omu mpaka z'okuvuga emotoka omuri 2011. Omu mirimo ye, avugiire emotoka nyingi ez'empaka, otwariiremu emiringo ya Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, Subaru Impreza WRX STI hamwe na Ford Fiesta Proto. Eiziina rye ery'ekikwangara, "Kikankane", rifokere eririkukwatanisibwa munonga n'okureebeka kwe omu mpaka z'okuvuga emotoka omuri Uganda.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> === Empaka z'okuvuga eza 2021 National Rally Championship === Mubiru akasinga empaka z'okuvuga eza Uganda National Rally Championship omuri 2021 arikuvuga Subaru Impreza WRX STI GVB. Empaka zikaba ziri ekintu ky'amaani omu murimo gwe gw'okuvuga.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">Batanudde, John (5 March 2026). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/motor-sport/kikankane-to-drive-subaru-gvb-in-safari-rally-5380068 "Kikankane to drive Subaru GVB in Safari Rally".] Daily Monitor.</ref> === Empaka z'okuvuga eza Pearl of Africa Uganda Rally 2023 === Omu Kwakataano 2023, Mubiru akasinga empaka za Pearl of Africa Uganda Rally arikuvuga Ford Fiesta Proto hamwe n'omuvugi mugyenzi Joseph Bongole. Abavugi bakahendera omu bwire bwa shaaha ibiri, edakiika 30 hamwe n'obutikitiki 54, barikwebembera Byron Rugomoka na Hakim Mawanda. Obusinguzi bukahikiiriza kimwe aha bigyendererwa bya Mubiru ebyabaire biri omu muzaano.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://motorsportuganda.com/kikankane-finally-pearl-rally-winner/ "Kikankane finally Pearl Rally winner"]. Federation of Motorsport Clubs of Uganda. May 2023.</ref> Mubiru akagira ngu obuhanguzi bukaruga omu kwetebeekanisa, okubaasa kandi n'okuvuga kurungi, kandi yaasiima na mugyenzi we ahabw'okumanya eby'emotoka ahabw'okuhwera abavugi kukora aha bizibu omu mpaka.<ref name=":1" /> === Regional rally competitions === Mubiru nawe akajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'omubyanga, otwariiremu n'empaka za Safari Rally omuri Kenya. Omu kwezi kwa kashatu 2026, akataahamu omu mpaka aine omuvugi mugyenzi Joseph Kamya, arikuvuga Subaru Impreza WRX STI GVB kuhakana ahabwa obubonero bwa Africa Rally Championship.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Kikulwe, Gerald (March 2026). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/ugandas-rally-crews-flagged-off-for-safari-ra-NV_229349_052026 "Uganda's rally crews flagged off for Safari Rally Challenge"]. New Vision.</ref> Omu kwezi kwa ikumi 2026, Mubiru akasinga empaka za Central Motor Club's Gulu rally omurundi gwa kabiri ogwakuratiire. Arikuvuga Ford Fiesta Proto hamwe n'omuvugi w'okumukwatanisa Hamza Lwanga, akamara obutikitiki 42.2 omu maisho ga Moses Lumala.<ref>Batanudde, John (13 October 2026). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/motor-sport/kikankane-refuses-to-surrender-gulu-crown-5630106 "Kikankane refuses to Surrender Gulu Crown"]. Daily Monitor.</ref><ref name=":4">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/duncan-mubiru-defends-cmc-gulu-rally-title-NV_242233_102026 "Duncan Mubiru defends CMC Gulu Rally title]". New Vision. October 2026.</ref> == Ebirikuhikirizibwa == * Uganda National Rally Championship: 2021<ref name=":2" /> * Pearl of Africa Uganda Rally: 2023<ref name=":1" /> * Central Motor Club Gulu Rally: 2025, 2026<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] eoav0nmtrf9x8fiqyd67cvv6wldtt9j 0 3826349 7374697 7367526 2026-10-26T07:55:24Z Sanjib Chaudhary 2698219 added a picture 7374697 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jhuti, a rice sheaf artistry created by Tharus in Nepal's southern plains.jpg|thumb|झुटि]] '''झुटि''' धानके सिससे बन्याल जाइछै। धान कतरल भ्याजाइछै त लोकसब ओकर सिस लोइर्हके झुटि बनाइछै। झुटि बहौत रङके हैछै जनङ कि कौवाके लोल लखा कौवा लोली, पटिया लखा पटिया, बचासबके झुन्झुना लखा झुन्झुना, ककहि लखा ककहि या औरो बहौत रङके। == सन्दर्भसब == [https://www.recordnepal.com/the-centrality-of-nature-in-indigenous-art The centrality of nature in indigenous art] [https://ecs.com.np/craft-product/jhutti Jhutti] [[Category:Wp/thq]] 6anl5fgjtmmk4m3n5g8fey4gwqfp6po 7374698 7374697 2026-10-26T07:59:01Z Sanjib Chaudhary 2698219 /* सन्दर्भसब */ added a reference 7374698 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jhuti, a rice sheaf artistry created by Tharus in Nepal's southern plains.jpg|thumb|झुटि]] '''झुटि''' धानके सिससे बन्याल जाइछै। धान कतरल भ्याजाइछै त लोकसब ओकर सिस लोइर्हके झुटि बनाइछै। झुटि बहौत रङके हैछै जनङ कि कौवाके लोल लखा कौवा लोली, पटिया लखा पटिया, बचासबके झुन्झुना लखा झुन्झुना, ककहि लखा ककहि या औरो बहौत रङके। == सन्दर्भसब == [https://www.recordnepal.com/the-centrality-of-nature-in-indigenous-art The centrality of nature in indigenous art] [https://ecs.com.np/craft-product/jhutti Jhutti] [https://globalvoices.org/2019/09/27/the-little-known-beauty-of-rice-sheaf-artistry-from-india-and-nepal/ The little-known beauty of rice sheaf artistry from India and Nepal] [[Category:Wp/thq]] gnl38k5de2ztj4clrpau1gseraezgf3 0 3826429 7374169 7374168 2026-10-25T12:16:53Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 /* பருகுங்கள் */ 7374169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Kathmandu-Boudhanath banner.jpg|pgname=காத்மாண்டு}} [[File:Durbar Square, Kathmandu.jpg|thumb|300x300px|நகரத்தின் ஆன்மீக மையமான தர்பார் சதுக்கம்]] '''காத்மாண்டு''' என்பது நேபாளத்தின் தலைநகரமும் மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும், மிக முக்கியமான நகரமும் ஆகும், இது பல மாவட்டங்களைக் கொண்ட ஒரு பெரிய நகரமாகும். குறிப்பிட்ட காட்சிகள், உணவகங்கள் மற்றும் தங்குமிடங்கள் பற்றிய தகவல்களைக் கொண்ட ஒரு பெரிய நகரமாகும். '''காத்மாண்டு''' (நேபாளி: काठमाडौं) நேபாளத்தின் மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும் தலைநகரமும் ஆகும்; காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கிற்கு இப்பெயரே சூட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது. ஒரு காலத்தில், சென்றடைய முடியாத, கட்டுக்கதைகளில் வரும் 'சாங்க்ரி-லா' (Shangri-La) என்று கருதப்பட்ட காத்மாண்டு, இன்று பல்வேறு வகையான சுற்றுலாத் தேவைகளுக்கும், அனைத்து பட்ஜெட் நிலைகளுக்கும் ஏற்ற வகையில் வேகமாக வளர்ந்து வரும் ஒரு இடமாக மாறியுள்ளது. கடந்த சில தசாப்தங்களில் ஏற்பட்ட குறிப்பிடத்தக்க நகர்ப்புற வளர்ச்சியின் விளைவாக, இது தற்போது தெற்கே அமைந்துள்ள படான் (Patan) நகரத்துடன் இணைந்து, ஒரு தொடர்ச்சியான நகர்ப்புறப் பகுதியாக மாறியுள்ளது. == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == 2011-ஆம் ஆண்டு நடத்தப்பட்ட மக்கள் தொகை கணக்கெடுப்பின்படி, காத்மாண்டு பெருநகரத்தில் 2.5 மில்லியன் மக்களும், அதன் ஒட்டுமொத்த நகர்ப்புறப் பகுதியில் 3 மில்லியனுக்கும் அதிகமான மக்களும் வசிக்கின்றனர். பெருநகரப் பகுதியின் பரப்பளவு 50.67 சதுர கிலோமீட்டர் (19.56 சதுர மைல்) ஆகும். இங்கு மக்கள் அடர்த்தி ஒரு சதுர கிலோமீட்டருக்கு 3,000 பேர் என்ற அளவிலும், நகரின் மையப்பகுதியில் ஒரு சதுர கிலோமீட்டருக்கு 17,000 பேர் என்ற அளவிலும் உள்ளது. இந்த நகரம் மத்திய நேபாளத்தில், கிண்ண வடிவிலான காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கில், கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து சுமார் 1,400 மீட்டர் (4,600 அடி) உயரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது சிவபுரி, புல்சோகி, நாகார்ஜுன் மற்றும் சந்திரகிரி ஆகிய நான்கு முக்கிய மலைகளால் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளது. காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கு மூன்று மாவட்டங்களை (காத்மாண்டு, லலித்பூர் மற்றும் பக்தபூர்) உள்ளடக்கியது. இது நாட்டின் மிக அதிக மக்கள் அடர்த்தி கொண்ட பகுதியாகும்; நேபாளத்தின் மொத்த மக்கள் தொகையில் சுமார் பன்னிரண்டில் ஒரு பங்கினர் இங்கு வசிக்கின்றனர். வரலாற்று ரீதியாக, காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கும் அதை ஒட்டிய பகுதிகளும் [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாள]] மண்டலம் என்று அழைக்கப்பட்டன. 15 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு வரை, பக்தாபூர் அதன் தலைநகராக இருந்தது. பின்னர் காத்மாண்டு மற்றும் லலித்பூர் என மேலும் இரண்டு தலைநகரங்கள் நிறுவப்பட்டன. ராணா மற்றும் ஷா காலங்களில், பிரிட்டிஷ் வரலாற்றாசிரியர்கள் இந்தப் பள்ளத்தாக்கை "நேபாளம் பிராப்பர்" என்று அழைத்தனர். இன்று, காத்மாண்டு நேபாள கூட்டாட்சி ஜனநாயகக் குடியரசின் தலைநகராகவும், நேபாளத்தின் மத்திய அபிவிருத்திப் பிராந்தியத்தின் தலைமையகமாகவும் விளங்குகிறது. மத்தியப் பிராந்தியம் பாக்மதி, நாராயணி மற்றும் ஜனக்பூர் ஆகிய மூன்று மண்டலங்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. காத்மாண்டு பாக்மதி மண்டலத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. காத்மாண்டு நேபாளத்தின் சுற்றுலாத்துறைக்கான நுழைவாயிலாக விளங்குகிறது. இது அந்நாட்டின் பொருளாதாரத்தின் முக்கிய மையமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. நேபாளத்தின் நகர்ப்புறப் பகுதிகளில் மிகவும் மேம்பட்ட உள்கட்டமைப்பைக் கொண்ட இடமாக இது உள்ளது. இதன் பொருளாதாரம் சுற்றுலாத்துறையைச் சார்ந்தே இயங்குகிறது; 2023-ஆம் ஆண்டில் நேபாளத்தின் மொத்த உள்நாட்டு உற்பத்தியில் (GDP) சுமார் 7 சதவீத பங்களிப்பை சுற்றுலாத்துறை வழங்கியது. அரசியல் கொந்தளிப்பு நிலவிய காலகட்டத்தில் காத்மாண்டுவின் சுற்றுலாத்துறை சரிவைச் சந்தித்தாலும், அதன்பிறகு மீண்டும் முன்னேற்றம் கண்டுள்ளது. 2013-ஆம் ஆண்டில், 'ட்ரிப் அட்வைசர்' (TripAdvisor) நிறுவனம் வெளியிட்ட, உலகளவில் வளர்ந்து வரும் சிறந்த 10 சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களின் பட்டியலில் காத்மாண்டு மூன்றாவது இடத்தையும், ஆசிய அளவில் முதலிடத்தையும் பிடித்தது. == வரலாறு == இந்த நகரம் சுமார் 2000 ஆண்டுகால நீண்ட வரலாற்றைக் கொண்டுள்ளது; பள்ளத்தாக்கில் கண்டெடுக்கப்பட்ட கல்வெட்டுகள் இதனை உறுதிப்படுத்துகின்றன. காத்மாண்டுவில் வசிக்கும் மக்களின் வாழ்வில் மத மற்றும் கலாச்சாரத் திருவிழாக்கள் முக்கிய இடத்தைப் பெற்றுள்ளன. இங்குள்ள மக்களில் பெரும்பாலோர் இந்து மதத்தைப் பின்பற்றுகின்றனர், மேலும் பலர் பௌத்த மதத்தைப் பின்பற்றுகின்றனர். பிற மத நம்பிக்கைகளைக் கொண்ட மக்களும் இங்கு வாழ்வதால், காத்மாண்டு ஒரு பன்முக கலாச்சாரச் சூழலைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. இந்நகரத்தில் நேபாளி மொழி பரவலாகப் பேசப்படுகிறது. காத்மாண்டுவில் கல்வி கற்ற மக்களிடையே ஆங்கிலமும் புரிந்துகொள்ளப்படுகிறது. காத்மாண்டுவின் சகோதர நகரங்களான லலித்பூர் (பதான்) மற்றும் பக்தாபூர் ஆகியவை காத்மாண்டுவின் கலாச்சார பாரம்பரியம், சுற்றுலாத் துறை மற்றும் பொருளாதாரத்தின் ஒருங்கிணைந்த பகுதிகளாகும். எனவே, யுனெஸ்கோ (UNESCO) தனது உலக பாரம்பரியத் தளப் பட்டியலில், இந்த மூன்று நகரங்களிலும் உள்ள நினைவுச்சின்னங்கள் மற்றும் ஈர்ப்பிடங்கள் அனைத்தையும் ஒன்றிணைத்து, "காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கு - யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியத் தளம்" (Kathmandu Valley-UNESCO World Heritage Site) என்ற ஒரே தலைப்பின் கீழ் வகைப்படுத்தியுள்ளது. == காலநிலை == காத்மாண்டு நேபாளத்தின் மிதமான வெப்ப மண்டலத்தில் (கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து 1,200–2,300 மீட்டர் அல்லது 3,900–7,500 அடி உயரத்தில்) அமைந்துள்ளது. இங்கு நிலவும் காலநிலை, இப்பகுதியின் பொதுவான சூழலுக்கு மாறாக, மிகவும் மிதமானதாக உள்ளது. இந்த மண்டலத்தைத் தொடர்ந்து, 2,100–3,300 மீட்டர் (6,900–10,800 அடி) உயரத்தைக் கொண்ட குளிர்ச்சியான மிதமான மண்டலம் (Cool Temperate Zone) காணப்படுகிறது. பள்ளத்தாக்கின் தாழ்வான பகுதிகளில் ஈரப்பதமான மிதவெப்ப மண்டலக் காலநிலையும், உயரமான பகுதிகளில் பொதுவாக மிதவெப்ப மலைப்பகுதி காலநிலையும் நிலவுகின்றன. காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கில் கோடைகால சராசரி வெப்பநிலை 28–30 °C (82–86 °F) ஆகவும், குளிர்கால சராசரி வெப்பநிலை 10.1 °C (50.2 °F) ஆகவும் உள்ளது. இந்த நகரம் பொதுவாக வெப்பமான பகல்களையும், குளிர்ச்சியான இரவு மற்றும் காலை நேரங்களையும் கொண்ட காலநிலையைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. குளிர்காலத்தில் வெப்பநிலை 3 °C (37 °F) வரை குறையக்கூடும் என்பதால், வானிலை முன்னறிவிப்பின்றி மாறக்கூடியதாக இருக்கலாம். 2013-ல் ஏற்பட்ட ஒரு குளிர் அலையின் போது, ​​காத்மாண்டுவில் வெப்பநிலை −4 °C (25 °F) வரை சரிந்தது; 2013 ஜனவரி 10 அன்று மிகக் குறைந்த வெப்பநிலையாக −9.2 °C (15.4 °F) பதிவானது. இங்கு பெய்யும் மழையில் பெரும்பகுதி பருவமழையைச் சார்ந்தே அமைகிறது (மொத்த மழையளவில் சுமார் 65% ஜூன் முதல் ஆகஸ்ட் வரையிலான பருவமழைக் காலத்திலேயே பெய்கிறது). நேபாளத்தின் கிழக்கு பகுதியிலிருந்து மேற்கு பகுதியை நோக்கிச் செல்லும்போது மழையளவு கணிசமாகக் குறைகிறது (100 முதல் 200 செ.மீ அல்லது 39 முதல் 79 அங்குலம் வரை). காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கில் சுமார் 1,400 மில்லிமீட்டர் (55.1 அங்குலம்) மழையளவு பதிவாகியுள்ளது; காத்மாண்டு நகரைப் பொறுத்தவரை சராசரி மழையளவு 1,407 மில்லிமீட்டர் (55.4 அங்குலம்) ஆகும். காற்றில் ஈரப்பதத்தின் சராசரி அளவு 75% ஆக உள்ளது. '''சுற்றுலாத் தகவல்''' 1 '''நேபாள சுற்றுலா வாரியம்''' (Nepal Tourism Board), எக்ஸிபிஷன் சாலை (Exhibition Rd) - ப்ரிகுடி மண்டப் பூங்காவிற்கு (Bhrikuti Mandap Park) மிக அருகில், ☏ +977 1-4256909. தினமும் 07:00-19:00. நகர நிர்வாகத்திடமிருந்து உள்ளூர் தகவல்களைப் பெறலாம். பேச்சுச் மொழி '''நுழைவு இசைவு (விசாக்கள்) மற்றும் மலையேற்ற அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள்''' நேபாள சுற்றுலா விசாவை நீட்டிக்க (ஓராண்டில் அதிகபட்சம் 150 நாட்கள் வரை), நீங்கள் நேபாள குடிவரவு அலுவலகத்திற்குச் செல்ல வேண்டும். உங்கள் கடவுச்சீட்டு (பாஸ்போர்ட்), அதன் நகல் மற்றும் கடவுச்சீட்டு அளவு புகைப்படம் ஒன்று ஆகியவற்றை எடுத்துச் செல்லுங்கள் (இதற்கான விவரங்களை நீங்கள் ஏற்கனவே ஆரம்ப விசா பெறும்போது வழங்கியிருந்தாலும், மீண்டும் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும்!). விசா நீட்டிப்பைப் பொறுத்தவரை, ஒரு நாளைக்கு 2 அமெரிக்க டாலர் வீதம் (குறைந்தது 15 நாட்களுக்கு) கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படும்; இதற்கான கட்டணத்தை உள்ளூர் நாணயத்திலேயே செலுத்தலாம். ஏதேனும் கேள்விகள் இருந்தால், அங்குள்ள பணியாளர்களிடம் ஆங்கிலத்தில் கேட்டுத் தெரிந்துகொள்ளலாம்; அவர்களை +977 1 4438868 என்ற எண்ணில் தொடர்பு கொள்ளலாம். TIMS அட்டை - தனிப்பட்ட முறையில் மலையேற்றம் (hiking) மேற்கொள்வதற்காக 'கிரீன் TIMS' (Green TIMS) அட்டையைப் பெற, நீங்கள் நேபாள சுற்றுலா வாரியத்திற்கு (Nepal Tourism Board - NTB) செல்ல வேண்டும். மேலும், பெரும்பாலான தேசிய பூங்காக்களுக்குள் நுழைவதற்கு நீங்கள் அனுமதிச் சீட்டு (permit) வாங்க வேண்டியிருக்கும் (இவற்றில் பெரும்பாலானவற்றை நேபாள சுற்றுலா வாரியத்திலேயே பெற்றுக்கொள்ளலாம்). TIMS அட்டைகள், அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள் மற்றும் நுழைவுக் கட்டணங்கள் குறித்த கூடுதல் தகவல்கள் 'நேபாளத்தில் மலையேற்றம்' (Trekking in Nepal) எனும் பகுதியில் விவரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == [[File:2009-03 Kathmandu 10.jpg|thumb|318x318px|திரிபுவன் சர்வதேச விமான நிலையம், காத்மாண்டு]] '''வானூர்தியில்''' திரிபுவன் சர்வதேச விமான நிலையம் (KTM IATA), ரிங் ரோடு (பிரபல சுற்றுலாப் பகுதியான தாமேலில் இருந்து கிழக்கே 5.5 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது), தொலைபேசி: +977 1 4113163, +977 1 4113299 (உள்நாட்டு விமானத் தகவல்களுக்கு). இது நேபாளத்தின் மிகப்பெரிய சர்வதேச விமான நிலையமாகும்; பொக்காரா விமான நிலையத்துடன் சேர்த்து, நேபாளத்தில் உள்ள இரண்டு சர்வதேச விமான நிலையங்களில் இதுவும் ஒன்றாகும். இங்குள்ள வசதிகள்: குடியேற்றக் கட்டுப்பாட்டு மையம் அருகிலேயே ஒரு தானியங்கி பணம் வழங்கும் இயந்திரம் (ஏடிஎம் ATM), அந்நிய செலாவணி வசதி (புறப்பாடு பகுதியில் ஒரு வங்கி முகப்பிடம், வருகை பகுதியில் மூன்று வங்கி முகப்பிடம் உள்ளன), விமான நிலைய தகவல் சேவை, முன்கூட்டியே பணம் செலுத்தும் வாடகையுந்து (pre-paid taxi) சேவை, நேபாள சுற்றுலா வாரியத்தின் தகவல் மையம் மற்றும் ஹோட்டல் அசோசியேஷன் ஆஃப் நேபாளம் (HAN) கவுண்டர் ஆகியவை உள்ளன. HAN முகப்பிடம் மூலம் உங்களுக்கு விருப்பமான தங்கும் விடுதி முன்பதிவு செய்து, அதற்கான உறுதிச் சீட்டு பெற்றுக்கொண்டு, குறிப்பிட்ட தங்கும் விடுதிக்குச் செல்லலாம். மேலும், சுற்றுலா தொடர்பான கையேடுகள் மற்றும் தகவல்களைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ளலாம். வணிகப் பயணிகளுக்கான CIP லவுஞ்ச் (ஒரு நபருக்கு 200 ரூபாய் கட்டணம்), இரண்டு ஊடக அறைகள், சரக்கு போக்குவரத்து வசதிகள், தபால் நிலையம், நினைவுப் பொருட்கள் விற்பனை நிலையம், மருத்துவ சேவைகள் மற்றும் இணைய வசதிகள் போன்றவை இங்கு உள்ளன (ஏப்ரல் 2023-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது). குடிவரவு மற்றும் சுங்கப் பிரிவுகளுக்கு இடைப்பட்ட பகுதியில் உள்ள இரண்டு முகப்பிடங்களில் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கான சிம் கார்டுகளைப் (SIM cards) பெற்றுக்கொள்ளலாம். '''சர்வதேச விமானங்கள்''' காத்மாண்டுவிற்கான பெரும்பாலான சர்வதேச விமானங்கள் டெல்லி, ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம், கத்தார் அல்லது பேங்காக் ஆகிய இடங்களிலிருந்து வருகின்றன. காத்மாண்டுவிற்குச் சேவை வழங்கும் சர்வதேச விமான நிறுவனங்கள் பின்வருமாறு: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- | style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;" | *'''Biman Bangladesh Airlines''' - [[டாக்கா]] *'''[http://www.airarabia.com/ Air Arabia]''' - [[ஷார்ஜா]]. *'''[http://www.airchina.com/ Air China]''' - [[செங்டு]]. *'''[http://www.airasia.com/ Air Asia]''' - [[கோலாலம்பூர்]]. *'''[http://www.flydubai.com/ Fly Dubai]''' - [[துபாய்]]. *'''[http://www.drukair.com.bt/ Druk Air]''' - [[பரோ]] and [[தில்லி]] *'''[http://www.etihadairways.com/ Etihad Airways]''' - [[அபுதாபி]]. *'''[https://www.gulfair.com/ Gulf Air]''' - [[பஹ்ரைன்]]. *'''[http://www.airindia.in Air India]''' - [[தில்லி]] and [[கொல்கத்தா]]. *'''[http://www.koreanair.com/ Korean Air]''' - [[சியோல்]]. | style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;" | *'''[http://www.nepalairlines.com.np Nepal Airlines]''' - [[பங்காக்]], [[தில்லி]], [[துபாய்]], [[ஹாங்காங்]], [[கோலாலம்பூர்]], [[ஒசாகா]], [[சிங்கப்பூர்]] and [[ஷாங்காய்]]. *'''Singapore Airlines''' - [[சிங்கப்பூர்]]. *'''[https://www.thaiairways.com Thai Airways]''' - [[பங்காக்]]. *'''[http://www.qatarairways.com/ Qatar Airways]''' - [[தோஹா]]. *'''[http://www.csair.com/en/ China Southern Airlines]''' - [[குவாங்சூ]]. *'''[https://us.ceair.com/en/ China Eastern Airlines]''' - [[குன்மிங்]]. *'''[http://www.turkishairlines.com/ Turkish Airlines]''' - [[இஸ்தான்புல்]]. *'''[http://www.malaysiaairlines.com/ Malaysian Airlines]'''- [[கோலாலம்பூர்]]. *'''[http://www.himalaya-airlines.com/ Himalaya Airlines] -''' தோஹா, கொழும்பு |} '''நுழைவு இசைவு (விசா) விண்ணப்பச் செயல்முறை''' விமான நிலையத்தில் வருகை நுழைவு இசைவு '''('''விசாவுக்கு) விண்ணப்பிக்க மூன்று எளிய வழிமுறைகள் உள்ளன: 1.குடியேற்றச் சாவடிகளுக்கு எதிரே உள்ள ஜன்னல்களுக்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ள தட்டையான திரை மானிட்டர்களில் ஒன்றைப் பயன்படுத்தி, தனிப்பட்ட விவரங்களைத் தட்டச்சு செய்து, முகப் புகைப்படம் எடுக்க நிழற்படக் கருவி (கேமராவை) இயக்கி, கடவுச்சீட்டை தரவேற்றம் (ஸ்கேன்) செய்யவும். இந்த அமைப்புமுறையில் சில பிழைகள் உள்ளன; அது உங்களை LPC (கடைசி வருகை இடம்) மற்றும் உங்கள் தொடர்பாளரின் (எ.கா. தங்கும் விடுதி) தொலைபேசி எண்ணை நிரப்பச் சொல்லும், ஆனால் உறுதிப்படுத்தல் பக்கத்தில் இந்த இரண்டு புலங்களும் "பொருந்தாது" (N/A) என்று மட்டுமே காண்பிக்கும். இருப்பினும், விண்ணப்பத்தை முடிக்க, உறுதிப்படுத்தல் பக்கத்தில் உள்ள "அடுத்து" (Next) பொத்தானை நீங்கள் கிளிக் செய்யலாம். விமானத்தில் ஏறுவதற்கு முன்பே இணையத்தில் (ஆன்லைனில்) நுழைவு இசைவுக்கு விண்ணப்பிப்பதன் மூலம் இந்த நடைமுறையை நீங்கள் தவிர்க்கலாம் (<nowiki>https://nepaliport.immigration.gov.np/onlinevisa-mission/application</nowiki>). ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்பட்ட விண்ணப்பம் பதிவிறக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டு, காசாளரிடமும் (கீழே உள்ள படி இரண்டைப் பார்க்கவும்) மற்றும் குடியேற்றச் சாவடிகளிலும் அச்சிட்ட அல்லது மென்நகல் வடிவத்தில் காட்டப்படும். 2.கணினியால் வழங்கப்படும் ரசீதை காசாளரிடம் எடுத்துச் சென்று நுழைவு இசைவு கட்டணத்தைச் செலுத்தவும் (மாற்றத்தக்க நாணயங்களில் மட்டும்). 3.கடவுச்சீட்டுடன், குடிவரவுச் சாவடியில் கண்காணிப்பாளர் மற்றும் காசாளரிடமிருந்து பெற்ற ரசீதுகளையும் சமர்ப்பிக்கவும். இந்த முழு செயல்முறைக்கும் பொதுவாக பத்து நிமிடங்களுக்கு மேல் ஆகாது. நுழைவு இசைவு (விசா) கட்டணங்களை விமான நிலையத்தில் பெரும்பாலான முக்கிய நாணயங்களில் செலுத்தலாம், அமெரிக்க டாலர்களுக்கு முன்னுரிமை அளிக்கப்படுகிறது. சில நாடுகளின் குடிமக்களுக்கு வருகை நுழைவு இசைவு (விசா Visa on Arrival) இலவசம். இருப்பினும், நீங்கள் தட்டையான கணினிதிரையில் படிவத்தை நிரப்ப வேண்டும். விண்ணப்பப் படிவத்தை பூர்த்தி செய்த பிறகு, உங்கள் திறன்பேசி (மொபைல் ஃபோன்) மூலம் விண்ணப்பப் படிவத்தின் நகல் (ஸ்கிரீன்ஷாட்டை) எடுத்து குடிவரவு அதிகாரியிடம் காட்டலாம். புறப்பாடு அட்டைகள் (Departure cards) வருகையின்போது வழங்கப்படுவதில்லை, மாறாக நீங்கள் நேபாளத்தை விட்டு வெளியேறும்போது மட்டுமே வழங்கப்படும். புறப்பாடு அட்டையைப் பூர்த்தி செய்ய, உங்கள் நுழைவு இசைவுடன் (விசாவுடன்) கூடிய கடவுச்சீட்டு (passport) உங்களுக்குத் தேவைப்படும். '''உள்நாட்டு விமானங்கள்''' பத்ராபூர், பைரவா, பரத்பூர், பிராட்நகர், தங்கர்ஹி, ஜனக்பூர், நேபாள்கஞ்ச், பொக்காரா, சிமாரா மற்றும் தும்லிங் தார் ஆகிய இடங்களுக்கு வணிகரீதியான உள்நாட்டு விமானங்கள் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. உள்நாட்டு விமானப் பயண நேரம் சுமார் ஒரு மணி நேரம் ஆகும், இதன் கட்டணம் US$100-175 ஆகும். ஏர் விவா, யெட்டி, நேபால் ஏர்லைன்ஸ் மற்றும் புத்தா ஏர் ஆகியவை முதன்மை உள்நாட்டு விமான நிறுவனங்களாகும். உள்நாட்டு விமானங்கள் பெரும்பாலும் தாமதமாகவே இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. காலை நேர தாமதங்களால் மதிய நேர விமானங்களும் ரத்து செய்யப்படும் அபாயம் உள்ளது. '''பயணப் பைகளின் பாதுகாப்பு, கையாளுதல் மற்றும் போக்குவரத்து''' இந்த விமான நிலையத்திற்கு வரும்போதும், இங்கிருந்து புறப்படும்போதும் உங்கள் பயணப் பைகள் பாதுகாப்பற்ற சூழலில் இருக்கலாம். பதிவு செய்யப்பட்ட பைகளில் (checked bags) மதிப்புமிக்க பொருட்களை வைக்காதீர்கள். நீங்கள் பையைப் பூட்டி வைத்தாலும், அதன் ஜிப் (zip) கட்டாயப்படுத்தித் திறக்கப்படலாம் அல்லது உடைக்கப்படலாம். உங்கள் பைகளுக்குப் போதிய பாதுகாப்பு வசதிகள் இல்லை. நேபாள விமான நிலையங்களில் பயணப் பைகள் மிகவும் கவனக்குறைவாகக் கையாளப்படுகின்றன என்பதை நீங்கள் கவனத்தில் கொள்ள வேண்டும். எனவே, உடையக்கூடிய மற்றும் மதிப்புமிக்க பொருட்கள் அனைத்தையும் உங்களுடன் எடுத்துச் செல்லும் பையில் (carry-on luggage) வைத்துக்கொள்வது நல்லது. விமான நிலையத்திற்கு வெளியே, சுற்றுலாத் துறையின் அனைத்து "பிரதிநிதிகளும்" பிரதான வாயிலிலிருந்து 10 மீட்டர் தொலைவில் நிற்க வேண்டும். அவர்களில் பலர், உங்களின் வழிகாட்டி/வாடகையுந்து/தங்கும் விடுதி/சாமான்களைக் கொண்டு செல்பவராக தங்களைத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்குமாறு உங்களை ஊக்குவிக்கும் முயற்சியில், பெரிய பதாகைகளை அசைத்துக்கொண்டும் கத்திக்கொண்டும் இருப்பார்கள். எல்லையைக் கடப்பதற்கு முன் உங்கள் தேர்வைச் செய்துவிடுங்கள். நீங்கள் விமான நிலையத்தின் குடிவரவுப் பிரிவிலிருந்து வெளியேறி உங்கள் சாமான்களை எடுக்கும்போது, ​​சாமான்கள் தள்ளுவண்டியுடன் ஒருவர் உங்களை அணுகி உதவ அதிக வாய்ப்புள்ளது என்பதை நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். உங்கள் பைகளையும் சாமான்கள் தள்ளுவண்டியையும் நீங்களே கையாள வேண்டும் என்று நீங்கள் வற்புறுத்தாத வரையில், அந்த நபர் முனையத்தின் வெளியேறும் வாயில்கள் வரையிலும் உங்கள் போக்குவரத்து வாகனம் வரையிலும் உங்களுடன் வருவார், பின்னர் அன்பளிப்பு (டிப்) எதிர்பார்ப்பார். அன்பளிப்பு கொடுப்பதற்காக, வெளிநாட்டு நாணயமாக இருந்தாலும், சில சிறிய மதிப்புள்ள ரூபாய் நோட்டுகள் அல்லது நாணயங்களை வைத்திருப்பது பயனுள்ளதாக இருக்கும். பல பார்வையாளர்கள் பயண காசோலைகள் அல்லது பெரிய மதிப்புள்ள ரூபாய் நோட்டுகளுடன் மட்டுமே வரக்கூடும், இது அன்பளிப்பு கொடுப்பதை கடினமாக்குகிறது. '''பணப் பரிமாற்றம்''' விமான நிலையத்தில் பணத்தை மாற்ற வேண்டாம்; அங்கு சேவை கட்டணங்கள் அதிகம் இருப்பதோடு, பிற இடங்களை விட குறைவான மாற்று விகிதங்களே வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. நகரின் பிற பகுதிகளிலோ அல்லது 'தாமெல்' (Thamel) பகுதியிலோ பல பணப் பரிமாற்ற மையங்கள் உள்ளன; அங்கு சிறந்த மாற்று விகிதங்களைப் பெறலாம், மேலும் சேவையும் விரைவாகவும் திறமையாகவும் இருக்கும். விமான நிலையத்திலிருந்து வெளியேறுவதற்கு முன்பாக உங்களுக்கு ரொக்கம் தேவைப்பட்டால், ஏடிஎம் (ATM) இயந்திரங்களைப் பயன்படுத்துவது சிறந்தது; இது பணப் பரிமாற்ற மையங்களை விட சிறந்த மாற்று விகிதங்களையும், வேகமான சேவையையும் வழங்குகிறது. 100 ரூபாய்க்கும் அதிகமான மதிப்புள்ள இந்திய ரூபாய் நோட்டுகளை நாட்டிற்குள் கொண்டு வருவது சட்டவிரோதமானது; அவ்வாறு கொண்டு வரப்படும் நோட்டுகள் பறிமுதல் செய்யப்படும். '''விமான நிலையத்திற்குச் செல்வதும் அங்கிருந்து திரும்புவதும்''' '''பேருந்து மூலம்''' - விமான நிலைய வாயிலில் உள்ளூர் பேருந்துகள் பிக் அப் மற்றும் டிராப்-ஆஃப், டெர்மினலில் இருந்து 0.5 கி.மீ. பேருந்துகள் பொதுவாக நிலையான அட்டவணைகளைக் கொண்டிருக்கவில்லை மற்றும் அடிக்கடி நெரிசலாகவும் வலியுடனும் இருக்கும் ஆனால் கட்டணம் மிகக் குறைவு. பேருந்து எங்கு நிற்கிறது என்று காசாளரிடம் கேளுங்கள். '''வாடகையுந்து மூலம்''' - வழக்கமான வாடகையுந்து நகரத்திற்குச் செல்ல எளிதான வழியாகும், ஆனால் விலையை முன்கூட்டியே பேசுவதற்கு தயாராக இருங்கள். தமெல் மற்றும் பௌத்தாக்கான கட்டணம் முறையே Nrs650 மற்றும் Nrs450 ஆகும், ஆனால் வெளிநாட்டினர் விமான நிலையத்தில் அந்த விலையைப் பெறுவது கடினம், எனவே குறைந்தபட்சம் மற்றொரு Nrs150 செலுத்த எதிர்பார்க்கலாம். '''முன்பணம் செலுத்திய வாடகையுந்து''' – விமான நிலையக் கட்டிடத்தை விட்டு வெளியேறும் முன், உங்கள் முன்பண ரசீதைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் (உதாரணமாக, தமெல் அல்லது பௌத்தாவிற்கு Nrs900). (இருப்பினும், நீங்கள் வெளியே பேரம் பேசத் தயாராக இருந்தால், உங்களுக்குக் குறைந்த கட்டணம் கிடைக்கலாம்.) நீங்கள் சேருமிடத்தை அடைந்து, திருப்தி அடையும் வரை அந்த ரசீதை ஓட்டுநரிடம் கொடுக்க வேண்டாம், ஏனெனில் அதுவே ஓட்டுநருக்கான ஊதியமாக அமையும். ஓட்டுநர் கூடுதலாகப் பணம் கேட்டால், கொடுக்க வேண்டாம். வாடகையுந்து ஓட்டுநர்களுக்கு அன்பளிப்பு (டிப்ஸ்) கொடுப்பது கட்டாயமில்லை. முன்கூட்டியே ஏற்பாடு செய்யப்பட்ட வாடகையுந்து மூலம் பெரும்பாலான தங்கும் விடுதிகளில் இது கிடைக்கும் மற்றும் பெரும்பாலான மலையேற்ற/சுற்றுலாத் தொகுப்புகளில் இது சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. முடிந்தால், நீங்கள் வருவதற்கு முன்பே உங்கள் முதல் நாள் இரவுக்கான தங்குமிடத்தை ஏற்பாடு செய்துகொள்ளுங்கள், ஏனெனில் பல தங்கும் விடுதிகள் மற்றும் விருந்தினர் இல்லங்கள் விமான நிலையத்திற்கு இலவசப் போக்குவரத்தை வழங்குகின்றன. பிரதிநிதிகள் வருகை வாயிலுக்கு வெளியே ஒரு தடுப்பிற்குப் பின்னால் நின்று, தங்களை அடையாளம் காட்டும் ஒரு பலகையை ஏந்தியிருப்பார்கள். நீங்கள் நேபாளத்திற்குப் புதியவராகவும், இரவில் தாமதமாக வந்து சேர்பவராகவும், நாட்டின் செயல்பாடுகள் பற்றி அறிமுகமில்லாதவராகவும் இருந்தால், இந்த வகையான போக்குவரத்து மிகவும் உதவியாக இருக்கும். இருப்பினும், சில தங்கும் விடுதிகள் முன்பணம் செலுத்திய வாடகையுந்து கட்டணதை விட அதிக கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கக்கூடும். காத்மாண்டுவில் தொடருந்துகள் இல்லை; மேலும், ஓட்டுநர் இல்லாமல் கார் வாடகைக்கு எடுக்கும் வசதியும் அங்கு இல்லை. நேபாளத்திலிருந்து புறப்படும்போது, ​​ஏதேனும் வேலைநிறுத்தங்கள் அறிவிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளனவா என்பதைக் கவனித்து, அதற்கு ஏற்ப முன்கூட்டியே திட்டமிட்டுக்கொள்வது நல்லது. அதிகாலையிலோ அல்லது மாலையிலோ விமான நிலையத்திற்குச் செல்வது ஒரு தீர்வாக இருக்கலாம். நீங்கள் தங்கியிருக்கும் விடுதிகள் அல்லது மலையேற்றப் பயண ஏற்பாட்டு நிறுவனம் (trekking company) உங்களுக்கு உதவக்கூடும். '''பேருந்தில்''' காத்மாண்டுவிற்கும் நேபாளத்தின் ஏறக்குறைய அனைத்துப் பகுதிகளுக்கும் இடையே அடிக்கடி மற்றும் மலிவான பேருந்து சேவை உள்ளது. இருப்பினும், மோசமான சாலைகள் மற்றும் அடிக்கடி ஏற்படும் தாமதங்கள் காரணமாக, இந்தப் பேருந்துகள் தெற்காசியாவிலேயே மிகவும் மெதுவான மற்றும் வசதியற்ற பேருந்துகளில் சிலவாக உள்ளன. '''போக்ஹாராவிலிருந்து'''-காத்மாண்டு மற்றும் பொக்காரா இடையே உள்ள 200 கி.மீ தூரத்திற்கு, காலை 7:30 மணி முதல் மாலை வரை சுமார் 15 நிமிட இடைவெளியில் சுற்றுலாப் பேருந்துகள் (ரூ. 800, 6-7 மணிநேரம்) மற்றும் நெரிசலான உள்ளூர் பேருந்துகள்/சிற்றுந்துகள் (ரூ. 400-600, 6-7 மணிநேரம்) இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. இரவு நேரப் பேருந்துகளும் உள்ளன, ஆனால் அந்தப் பயணம் மிகவும் சிரமமானதாக இருக்கும். 'கிரீன்லைன்' (Greenline) நிறுவனம், காத்மாண்டுவின் பிரபலமான சுற்றுலாப் பகுதியான தாமெல் (Thamel) மற்றும் பொக்காராவின் லேக்ஸைட் (Lakeside) ஆகிய இடங்களுக்கு இடையே தினமும் காலை வசதியான பேருந்து சேவையை வழங்குகிறது (கட்டணம்: 20 அமெரிக்க டாலர்கள், மதிய உணவு உட்பட). இந்தப் பாதை வளைந்து நெளிந்து, பல கொண்டை ஊசி வளைவுகளைக் கொண்டிருப்பதோடு, மலைகளின் அழகையும் நேபாள கிராமப்புற வாழ்க்கை முறையையும் காணும் வாய்ப்பை வழங்குகிறது. ஓட்டுநர்கள் பொதுவாக அதிக வேகத்தில் செல்வதில்லை; இருப்பினும், சிலர் எதிரே வரும் வாகனங்களுக்கு இடையே மிகவும் சாமர்த்தியமாகவும் நிதானமாகவும் வாகனத்தைச் செலுத்துவார்கள். திடீரென வேகமாகக் பிரேக் போடும்போது, ​​முன் ஜன்னல் வழியாகப் பார்த்தால் இந்தப் பயணம் சற்று அச்சமூட்டுவதாக அமையலாம். மழைக்காலங்களில் சாலைகளில் சிக்கல்கள் ஏற்பட வாய்ப்புள்ளதால், விமானப் பயணத்தைத் தேர்ந்தெடுப்பது சிறந்தது. '''திபெத்திலிருந்து''' - திபெத்திய நகரமான ஜாங்முவிலிருந்து சீன-நேபாள நட்புறவுப் பாலம் வழியாக, காத்மாண்டுவிற்கும் நேபாள எல்லை நகரமான கோடாரிக்கும் இடையே பேருந்துகளும், சிற்றுந்துகளும் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. 123 கி.மீ. தூரமுள்ள இந்தப் பயணத்திற்கு குறைந்தது 6 மணி நேரம் ஆகும், கட்டணம் ரூ.500 ஆகும். பேருந்துகள் பிற்பகல் வரை இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. தனியார் ஜீப்புகள் (4 பேர் வரை பயணிக்க US$60) ஒரு விரைவான தேர்வாகும், மேலும் இந்தப் பயணத்தை 4 மணி நேரத்தில் மேற்கொள்ளலாம். இருப்பினும், வெளிநாட்டினர் திபெத்தில் சட்டப்பூர்வமாகப் பயணிக்க சீன மக்கள் குடியரசு அரசாங்கத்திடம் இருந்து சிறப்பு அனுமதிகளைப் பெற வேண்டும், மேலும் பயண முகவர்களால் ஏற்பாடு செய்யப்பட்ட குழுக்களாகவே பயணிக்க வேண்டும். '''இந்தியாவிலிருந்து''' - இந்தியாவிலிருந்து வரும் பேருந்துகள் ஸ்வயம்பு பேருந்து நிலையத்தில் பயணத்தை நிறைவு செய்கின்றன. தில்லி - இந்த வழித்தடத்தில் தினமும் பல பேருந்துகள் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. பயண நேரம் 25 முதல் 28 மணிநேரம் வரை ஆகும். கட்டணம் ₹2,100 முதல் ₹2,300 வரை மாறுபடும். '''சிலிகுரி''' — 'கிரீன் லைன்' (Green Line) நிறுவனம், சிலிகுரியிலிருந்து (டென்சிங் நோர்கே பேருந்து நிலையம்) தினமும் இரவு நேர குளிர்சாதன சொகுசு (ஏசி வோல்வோ)பேருந்து சேவையை இயக்குகிறது. இந்தப் பேருந்து பிற்பகல் 3 மணிக்குக் கிளம்பி, மறுநாள் காலை 8:30 மணிக்குச் சென்றடைகிறது. பெருந்தொற்று காலத்திலிருந்து பூட்டான், இந்தியா மற்றும் நேபாள நாட்டு கடவுச்சீட்டு (பாஸ்போர்ட்) வைத்திருப்பவர்களுக்கு மட்டுமே திறந்திருந்த சிலிகுரி அருகிலுள்ள நேபாள-இந்திய எல்லை, தற்போது முறையான விசா கொண்ட அனைத்து நாட்டு கடவுச்சீட்டுதாரர்களுக்கும் திறந்துவிடப்பட்டுள்ளது. (மே 2025-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது). '''சுனௌலி''' — நேபாள எல்லை நகரமான பைரஹாவாவிற்கு இழுவண்டி பயணம் (சுனௌலியிலிருந்து பத்து நிமிடத் தொலைவு). காத்மாண்டுவிற்கு பேருந்து பயணம் (சுமார் 8-9 மணிநேரம்). காத்மாண்டுவிற்கு விமானப் பயணம் (சுமார் 45 நிமிடங்கள்). == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == நீங்கள் விமானத்தில் பறந்தால், விமான நிலையத்தில் இலவச காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கு வரைபடத்தை எடுக்க மறக்காதீர்கள். காத்மாண்டுவில் சில பார்வையாளர்கள் கவனிக்கும் முதல் விஷயம், த்ரி தேவி & ரிங் ரோடு (நகரத்தைச் சுற்றியுள்ள சுழல்கள்) போன்ற முக்கிய சாலைகளைத் தவிர, வீட்டு எண்கள் மற்றும் தெரு பெயர்கள் பொதுவாக இல்லாதது. பெரும்பாலான சந்தர்ப்பங்களில், அருகிலுள்ள சௌக் அல்லது டோல் (ஒரு குறுக்குவெட்டு அல்லது சதுரம், பெரும்பாலும் சந்தையுடன்) அல்லது குறிப்பிடத்தக்க இடம் அல்லது கட்டிடம் (கோவில் அல்லது உணவகம் போன்றவை) தொடர்பான திசைகள் வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. சுற்றுலா மாவட்டமான தமேலில், காத்மாண்டு விருந்தினர் மாளிகை முக்கிய அடையாளமாக உள்ளது. பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடங்கள் பலவும் ஸ்தூபிக்கு அருகிலேயே இருப்பதால், அங்கெல்லாம் நடந்தே எளிதில் சென்றுவிடலாம். ஸ்தூபியின் பிரதான நுழைவாயிலுக்கு அருகில் உள்ள பிரதான சாலையில், இரவு 9 மணி வரை வாடகையுந்துகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. ஸ்தூபியைச் சுற்றியுள்ள சந்துகளில் ஏராளமான சிறிய கடைகளும் உணவகங்களும் உள்ளன; இவற்றைச் சுற்றிப் பார்ப்பதற்கு நடைப்பயணமே சிறந்த வழியாகும். இருப்பினும், இருசக்கர வாகனங்கள் குறித்து கவனமாக இருக்கவும். தெற்காசியாவின் பிற நகரங்களைப் போலவே, காத்மாண்டுவிலும் இருசக்கர வாகனங்கள் பாதசாரிகளின் நடைப்பயணத்தை இடையூறு செய்வதோடு, அவர்களுக்கு ஆபத்தான சூழலையும் உருவாக்குகின்றன. எனவே, எப்போதும் சாலையின் ஓரத்திலேயே நடக்கவும்; சாலையைக் கடக்கும் முன் இருசக்கர வாகனங்கள் வருகின்றனவா என்று சரிபார்த்துக்கொள்ளவும். 1. பாக்மதி ஆற்றின் மேல் உள்ள பாகமதி திரிபுரேஸ்வர் பாலம். 2. குபோண்டோல் சாலையில் உள்ள பாகமதி பாலம். 3. பிஷ்ணுமதி ஆற்றின் மேல் உள்ள பிஜேஷ்வோரி பாலம் (பிஷ்ணுமதி தால்கோ பகவோதி பாலம்) (நகரின் பகுதி). 4. பிஷ்ணுமதி ட்ராக் சாலையில் உள்ள பீம்சென் பாக்கா பிஷ்ணுமதி பாலம், ( பிஷ்ணுமதி ஆற்றின் மேல்) 5. சங்கதார் பாலம். பிஷ்ணுமதி ஆற்றின் மீது உள்ள நடைபாதை. 6. ஷோவா பகவதி தொங்கு பாலம், காமதி பிஸ்னுமதிக்கு இடையில் இடது (சமதி விஷ்ணுமதி கினார் பயான்) மற்றும் பிஷ்ணுமதி கினார் வலது (பிஜேஷ்வோரி பாலத்தின் வடக்கு). பிஷ்ணுமதி ஆற்றின் மீது உள்ள ஒரு தொங்கு பாலம். 7.பார்க் லேன் பாலம் (Park Ln Bridge) - பாக்மதி ஆற்றின் குறுக்கே 8. சங்கமூல் பாலம் (Sankhamul Bridge) 9. தேகு பாக்மதி பாலம் (Teku Bagamati Bridge) - பாக்மதி மார்க் மற்றும் பை-பாஸ் சாலைக்கு இடையே, பாக்மதி ஆற்றின் குறுக்கே 10. திரிபுரா மார்க் பாலம் (Tripura Marg Bridge) - திரிபுரா மார்க், துகுச்சா ஆற்றின் குறுக்கே 11. விஷ்ணுமதி பாலம் (Vishnumati Bridge) - தேகு டோவன் மார்க் மற்றும் குலேஷ்வர் மார்க் இடையே, விஷ்ணுமதி ஆற்றின் குறுக்கே உள்ளது === '''நடந்து''' === காத்மாண்டுவை கால்நடையாகச் சுற்றி வரலாம், ஆனால் நகரத்தை சுற்றி நடப்பது எப்போதும் இனிமையாக இருக்காது. எவ்வாறாயினும், மக்கள் கூட்டம், குறுகிய தெருக்கள் மற்றும் பாதைகள், போக்குவரத்து மற்றும் நீங்கள் பார்க்க விரும்பும் அனைத்தையும் கருத்தில் கொள்ளும்போது, ​​எந்தவொரு பொதுப் போக்குவரத்தும் நடைபயிற்சியை விட எளிதாக அல்லது வசதியாக இருக்குமா என்பதைக் கருத்தில் கொள்வது மதிப்பு. ==== '''வாடகையுந்து''' ==== வாடகையுந்துகளை தெருவில் இருந்தோ அல்லது செயலி மூலமாகவோ அழைக்கலாம். நீங்கள் ஒரு வாடகையுந்தைஅழைத்தால், புறப்படுவதற்கு முன் கட்டணத்தைப் பேசி முடிவு செய்யுங்கள். இருட்டிய பிறகும், கூட்டம் குறைவாக உள்ள பகுதிகளிலும் கட்டணங்கள் அதிகமாக இருக்கும். வாடகையுந்துகளைக் கண்டுபிடிப்பது எளிது; அவை அனைத்து முக்கிய தெருக்களுக்கு அருகிலும் நிறுத்தப்பட்டிருக்கும் மற்றும் கட்டண மீட்டர்களைக் கொண்டிருக்கும். இரவு 10 மணிக்கு (22:00) பிறகு, முக்கிய சுற்றுலாப் பகுதிகள் அல்லது பெரிய தங்கும் விடுதிகளைத் தவிர மற்ற இடங்களில் வாடகையுந்துகளைக் கண்டுபிடிப்பது மிகவும் கடினமாக இருக்கும். தமேலில் இருந்து பட்டானுக்கு ஒரு வழிப் பயணத்திற்கு 500 நேபாள ரூபாய்க்கும், தமேல் அல்லது விமான நிலையத்திலிருந்து பக்தாபூருக்கு சுமார் 1,500 நேபாள ரூபாய்க்கும் வாடகையுந்துகளை வாடகைக்கு எடுக்க முடியும். நீண்ட தூரப் பயணங்களுக்கும், ஒரு நாள் வாடகைக்கு வாடகையுந்துகளை எடுப்பதற்கும் ஓட்டுநருடன் பேசி முடிவு செய்யுங்கள். கடுமையாகப் பேரம் பேசுங்கள், உங்களுக்கு திருப்தி இல்லை என்றால் மற்றொரு ஓட்டுநரை எளிதாகக் கண்டுபிடித்துவிடலாம். பேரம் பேசுவதற்கு உங்களுக்குப் போதுமான நம்பிக்கை இல்லை என்றால், மீட்டர் ஒரு சிறந்த தேர்வாகும், இருப்பினும் மிகச் சில ஓட்டுநர்களே அதைப் பயன்படுத்த ஒப்புக்கொள்வார்கள். சில நேரங்களில் மீட்டர்களின் சரியான செயல்பாடு சந்தேகத்திற்குரியதாக இருக்கலாம், எனவே நீங்கள் எங்கு செல்கிறீர்கள் என்பது உங்களுக்குத் துல்லியமாகத் தெரிந்தால், முன்கூட்டியே ஒரு பொருத்தமான விலையைப் பேசி முடிவு செய்வது நல்லது. காத்மாண்டு மற்றும் பொக்காரா ஆகிய நகரங்களில்பத்தாவ் (Pathao) மற்றும் டூட்டில் (Tootle) போன்ற வாகன முன்பதிவு செயலிகள் (ride-hailing apps) பயன்பாட்டில் உள்ளன. பத்தாவ் (Pathao) மற்றும் டூட்டில் (Tootle) செயலிகளைப் பயன்படுத்த நேபாள நாட்டு அலைபேசி எண் தேவைப்படும்; அதே சமயம், இன்ட்ரைவ்(inDrive) செயலி சர்வதேச அலைபேசி எண்களையும் ஆதரிக்கிறது. சில நேரங்களில், இன்ட்ரைவ் (inDrive) செயலியில் காட்டப்படும் இருப்பிடம் தவறாக இருக்கலாம். இதனால், ஓட்டுநர்கள் தவறான இடத்தில் காத்திருக்க நேரிடலாம்; மேலும், கூகுள் மேப்ஸ் (Google Maps) போன்ற பிற வரைபடச் செயலிகளின் உதவியுடன் சரியான இடத்திற்கு வர அவர்கள் தயங்கக்கூடும். எனவே, நீங்கள் வாகனத்தில் ஏறப்போகும் இடம் ஒரு பிரபலமான அடையாளமாக இல்லாவிட்டால், இன்ட்ரைவ் (inDrive) செயலியில் அந்த இடம் சரியாகக் காட்டப்படுகிறதா என்பதை உறுதிப்படுத்திக்கொள்ளுங்கள். ஒருவேளை இடம் தவறாகக் காட்டப்பட்டால், வேறொரு இடத்தைத் தேர்ந்தெடுப்பது சிறந்தது. ===== '''நுண்ணுந்து''' ===== டெம்போக்கள், சிறிய மூன்று சக்கரப் பேருந்துகள் மற்றும் நுண்ணுந்து ஆகியவை நகரத்தைச் சுற்றி வருவதற்கு மிகவும் மலிவான (Nrs20-30) வழியாகும். டெம்போக்கள் பச்சை (மின்சாரம்) மற்றும் நீலம் (பெட்ரோல்) என இரண்டு வகைகளில் வருகின்றன, மேலும் அவை நகரம் முழுவதும் முன்பே வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட வழித்தடங்களில் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. இந்த வழித்தடங்கள் எண்ணிடப்பட்டுள்ளன, சில சமயங்களில் நேபாள மற்றும் ஐரோப்பிய எண்களுடன். வழித்தடங்களுக்கான வரைபடம் இருப்பதாகத் தெரியவில்லை, ஆனால் எந்த எண்கள் எந்தச் சாலைக்குச் செல்கின்றன என்று கேட்பதன் மூலமும் கவனிப்பதன் மூலமும் அவற்றின் பாதைகளை நீங்கள் மிக விரைவாகப் புரிந்துகொள்ளலாம். நுண்ணுந்துகள் பொதுவாக சிற்றூர்திகளாகும், அவற்றில் ஆச்சரியப்படும் அளவுக்கு அதிக இருக்கைகள் திணிக்கப்பட்டிருக்கும் - அவற்றில் ஒரு "நடத்துநர்" இருப்பார், அவர் கதவுக்கு வெளியே சாய்ந்து சேருமிடங்களைக் கத்துவார், அவை பெரும்பாலும் முன்பக்கத்தில் நேபாளியில் எழுதப்பட்டிருக்கும். உங்களுக்கு நேரம் இருந்தால், அவை உங்கள் வழியில் செல்கின்றனவா என்று கேட்டு அதில் ஏறிக்கொள்ளலாம். இவற்றின் கட்டணமும் பொதுவாக NRs20-30 ஆகும். ====== '''பேருந்து மூலம்''' ====== நிகழ்நேரத்தில் பேருந்தின் இருப்பிடத்தைக் காட்டும் ஆன்லைன் வழித்தட வரைபடத்துடன் கூடிய அரசுப் பேருந்து சேவை உள்ளது. திறன்பேசி (ஆண்ட்ராய்டுக்கான) செயலி: சஜா பிளஸ் (Sajha Plus). பள்ளத்தாக்கிற்குள், அதாவது பட்டன், பக்தாபூர், பௌத்தா போன்ற இடங்களுக்கு நீண்ட தூரப் பயணங்களுக்கும் பேருந்துகள் உள்ளன; இவற்றை நகரத்திற்கு உள்ளேயும் சுற்றியும் பயணிக்கப் பயன்படுத்தலாம். பள்ளத்தாக்கிற்கு வெளியே பயணம் செய்வதற்கான குறிப்பு நீல மற்றும் பச்சை நிறப் பேருந்துகள் "ரிங் ரோடு" எனப்படும் சுற்றுச் சாலையில் நகரத்தைச் சுற்றி வட்டமிட்டுத் தொடர்ந்து இயக்கப்படுகின்றன - தூரத்தைப் பொறுத்து கட்டணம் ரூ.20 முதல் ரூ.30 வரை ஆகும். ஒவ்வொரு பேருந்திலும் ஒரு காசாளர்/பணியாளர் இருப்பார்; அவர் பேருந்து எங்கு நிற்கும் என்று கூறுவார் மற்றும் அது வந்தவுடன் உங்களுக்குத் தெரிவிப்பார். உள்ளூர் மக்களுடன் பேருந்துகளில் பயணம் செய்வது மிகவும் இனிமையாகவும் கவர்ச்சிகரமாகவும் இருக்கும். இந்தப் பேருந்துகள் பொதுவாக மிகவும் பழையதாகவும், பழுதடைந்ததாகவும் இருக்கும். '''இருசக்கர''' '''வாடகையுந்து''' இருசக்கர வாடகையுந்துகள் குறிப்பிட்ட சில பிரபலமான சந்திப்புகளில் கூடுகின்றன அல்லது டூட்டில் (Tootle) செயலி மூலமாக அவற்றை அழைக்கலாம். இவை பேருந்துகள் அல்லது மைக்ரோபஸ்களை விட விலை அதிகமானவை, ஆனால் இருக்கும் இடத்திற்கே வந்து பயணிகளை ஏற்றி இறக்குகின்றன. == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == காத்மாண்டுவில் பல சிறந்த அருங்காட்சியகங்களும் கலைக்கூடங்களும் உள்ளன; இவை பெரும்பாலும் நகரின் மையப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளன. மேலும், இந்நகரில் ஏராளமான பௌத்த மற்றும் இந்து ஆலயங்கள், மடாலயங்கள் மற்றும் புனிதத் தலங்கள் உள்ளன. குறிப்பாக, பௌத்த மடாலயங்களுக்கு பௌதா (Boudha) மற்றும் ஸ்வயம்பு (Swayambu) ஆகிய இடங்கள் புகழ்பெற்றவை; அதேவேளையில், துர்பார் சதுக்கம் (Durbar Square) இந்து கலாச்சாரத்தின் மையமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. == செய்யுங்கள் == [[File:Pashupatinath (2).jpg|thumb|338x338px|சிவனுக்கு அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்ட பசுபதிநாத் இந்து கோயில்]] காத்மாண்டு நகரைப் பொறுத்தவரை, அங்குள்ள அற்புதமான காட்சிகளைக் காண்பது மற்றும் அந்த இடத்தின் சூழலை அனுபவிப்பது ஆகியவற்றைத் தாண்டி, பார்வையாளர்களுக்குச் செய்வதற்கு என்று மட்டுப்படுத்தப்பட்ட செயல்பாடுகளே உள்ளன. '''வானில் சுற்றிப்பார்த்தல்''' மலைகளுக்கான விமானப் பயணங்கள். பெரும்பாலான உள்ளூர் விமான நிறுவனங்கள், காத்மாண்டு விமான நிலையத்திலிருந்து காலை 06:30 முதல் 09:00 மணிக்குள் இமயமலை மீது ஒரு மணி நேர விமானப் பயணத்தை வழங்குகின்றன. இதன் கட்டணம் US$197 ஆகும். பிரபலமான சுற்றுலாப் பருவத்தில் முன்கூட்டியே முன்பதிவு செய்யவும். '''உள்ளூர் மக்களுடன் இணைதல்''' ஃபியூச்சர் நேபாளம் (Future Nepal), காத்மாண்டு, ☏ +977 9849056230, contact@futurenepal.org. 'ஃபியூச்சர் நேபாளம்' என்பது 2002-ஆம் ஆண்டு நேபாளத்தில் நிறுவப்பட்ட, அந்நாட்டின் சமூக நல மன்றம் (Social Welfare Council) பதிவு செய்யப்பட்ட ஒரு தன்னார்வ அமைப்பாகும். இது ஒரு அரசு சாரா, முற்றிலும் இலாப நோக்கமற்ற அமைப்பாகும்; "தன்னார்வத் தொண்டு மூலம் சமூகத்தை மாற்றுதல்" என்ற கொள்கையின் அடிப்படையில் இது செயல்படுகிறது. "நேபாளத்தில் தன்னார்வத் தொண்டு" (Volunteering in Nepal) வாயிலாக நாட்டின் நிலையை மேம்படுத்தவும் மாற்றவும் வேண்டும் என்ற நோக்கத்துடன் இந்த அமைப்பு உருவாக்கப்பட்டது. இதில் உள்ள உறுப்பினர்கள் தன்னார்வப் பணிகளில் ஆழ்ந்த அனுபவம் கொண்டவர்கள் மற்றும் சமூகத்தில் உள்ள பல்வேறு சிக்கல்களை நன்கு அறிந்தவர்கள். தன்னார்வலர்கள் கிராமப்புறப் பள்ளிகள் மற்றும் மடாலயங்களில் ஆங்கிலம் கற்பித்தல், பெண்களை மேம்படுத்துதல், சுகாதார மையங்களில் பணியாற்றுதல், கலாச்சாரப் பரிமாற்றம், இயற்கை விவசாயம், விலங்குகளைப் பராமரித்தல், ஆதரவற்றவர்களின் இல்லங்களில் பணிபுரிதல் போன்ற பல்வேறு செயல்பாடுகளில் ஈடுபடலாம். [[File:Dhading lakhe.jpg|thumb|302x302px|யென்யா திருவிழாவின் போது ஒரு லக்கே (பேய்) நடனக் கலைஞர்.]] '''விழாக்கள்''' காத்மாண்டு மற்றும் தர்பார் சதுக்கம் ஆகியவை நேபாளத்தின் பல திருவிழாக்களுக்கான மைய இடங்களாகும். இத்தகைய விடுமுறை நாட்களில் பல வணிக நிறுவனங்கள் மூடப்பட்டிருக்கும் என்பதையும், பெரும்பாலும் விடுமுறைக்கு முந்தைய மற்றும் பிந்தைய சில நாட்களிலும் அவை மூடப்பட்டிருக்கலாம் என்பதையும் கவனத்தில் கொள்க. குறிப்பாக, அக்டோபர் மாதத்தில் கொண்டாடப்படும் 'தசாய்ன்' (Dasain) பண்டிகையின் போது, ​​நகரின் பெரும்பாலான பகுதிகள் முடங்கிவிடுகின்றன. '''தஷைன்' (Dashain) -''' நேபாளத்தின் மிக முக்கியமான சமயத் திருவிழாவான தஷைன், ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் செப்டம்பர் மற்றும் அக்டோபர் மாதங்களுக்கு இடைப்பட்ட காலத்தில், பதினைந்து நாட்களுக்குக் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது. துர்கா தேவியின் அனைத்து வடிவங்களையும் போற்றும் வகையில் அமையும் இந்தத் திருவிழாவில், விலங்குகளைப் பலியிடும் சடங்குகளும் விருந்துகளும் இடம்பெறுகின்றன. இது குடும்ப மற்றும் சமூக உறவுகளைப் புதுப்பிக்கும் ஒரு நிகழ்வாக விளங்குகிறது. தஷைன் பண்டிகையின் போது காத்மாண்டுவில் வசிக்கும் பலர் தங்கள் சொந்தக் கிராமங்களுக்குத் திரும்புவதால், அந்நகரம் அமைதியான சூழலைப் பெறுகிறது. '''திஹார், ஒளித் திருநாள்''' '''(Tihar, Festival of Lights)''' (தீபாவளி என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது) என்பது கார்த்திகை மாதத்தின் பதினைந்தாம் நாளில், அக்டோபர் மாத இறுதியிலோ அல்லது நவம்பர் மாதத் தொடக்கத்திலோ ஆண்டுதோறும் கொண்டாடப்படும் ஐந்து நாள் பண்டிகையாகும். இந்துக்கள் அனைவரும் இதைக் கொண்டாடும் விதமாக, வீடுகளைச் சுத்தம் செய்தல், விளக்குகள் மற்றும் மெழுகுவர்த்திகளை ஏற்றுதல், பட்டாசுகளை வெடித்தல் போன்ற சடங்குகளைச் செய்கின்றனர். நேபாளத்தில் கொண்டாடப்படும் இந்தத் திருநாள், இந்தியாவில் கொண்டாடப்படுவதைக் காட்டிலும் அதிகக் கலைநயத்துடனும், அதே சமயம் குறைவான வெடிச் சத்தங்களுடனும் காணப்படுகிறது. '''ஹோலி (Holi) -''' மார்ச் மாதத்தில், தண்ணீர் தெளித்தும் வண்ணப் பொடிகளைத் தூவியும் கொண்டாடப்படும் ஹோலி, நல்ல அதிர்ஷ்டத்தைக் குறிப்பதாகவும் அதே சமயம் மிகவும் குழப்பமானதாகவும் கருதப்படுகிறது. விக்ரம் சம்பத்தின் புத்தாண்டு (Bikram Sambat's New Year's) ஏப்ரல் மாதத்தில் புனித யாத்திரைகளின் நாள் (பெரும்பாலும் காத்மாண்டுவிலிருந்து, அதனைப் பட்டானிலிருந்து பிரிக்கும் புனித பாகமதி நதிக்குச் செல்வார்கள்). '''தீஜ் (Teej) -''' பெண்களின் மிக முக்கியமான பண்டிகையான தீஜ், செப்டம்பர் மாதத்தில் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது. இந்நாட்களில், திருமணமான பெண்கள் தங்களின் சிவப்பு நிறத் திருமணப் புடவைகளை அணிந்து ஆண் உறவினர்களைச் சந்திக்கின்றனர். திருமணமாகாத பெண்களும் சிறுமிகளும் இரவு முழுவதும் கண்விழித்து, தங்களின் வருங்காலக் கணவர்களுக்காகக் கொண்டாடிப் பிரார்த்தனை செய்கின்றனர். இந்திர ஜாத்ரா (Indra Jatra)காத்மாண்டுவின் தர்பார் சதுக்கத்தில், ஒவ்வொரு செப்டம்பர் மாதமும் எட்டு நாட்களுக்கு 'இந்திர ஜாத்ரா' அறுவடைத் திருவிழா நடைபெறுகிறது. இந்த விழாவின் போது, ​​குமாரி தேவி அவரது புனிதத் தேரில் ஊர்வலமாக அழைத்து வரப்படுகிறார். '''பழங்குடித் திருவிழாக்கள்''' காத்மாண்டுவின் பூர்வீக இனத்தவரான நேவா மக்கள், ஆண்டு முழுவதும் பல திருவிழாக்களைக் கொண்டாடுகின்றனர். '''மோஹனி நகா''' (Mohani Nakha) – இது 'தஷைன்' (Dashain) பண்டிகையைப் போன்றது, ஆனால் நேவார் மக்களால் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது. '''சகிமான புன்ஹி''' (Sakimana Punhi) – இது விக்ரமி நாட்காட்டியின் கார்த்திகை மாதத்தில் (அக்டோபர் பாதியிலிருந்து நவம்பர் பாதி வரை) வரும் பௌர்ணமி நாளில் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது. '''பாலா சாஹ்ரே''' (Bala Chahre), மாக் மாதத்தின் (ஜனவரி நடுப்பகுதியிலிருந்து பிப்ரவரி நடுப்பகுதி வரை) சதுர்தசி நாளில் (அமாவாசை அல்லது முழு நிலவு (பூர்ணிமா) க்கு முந்தைய நாள்) பால சதுர்தசி என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. யோமரி புன்ஹி (Yomari Punhi), நெவரி பண்டிகை நெல் அறுவடையின் முடிவைக் குறிக்கிறது. டிசி சாஹ்ரே (Disi Chahre) யென்யா புன்ஹி (Yenya Punhi) லுதி புன்ஹி (Lhuti Punhi) சித்தி நாகா (Sithi Nakha) சசும பூஜை (Sasuma Puja) ஸ்வோந்தி நாகா (Swonti Nakha) == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == காத்மாண்டுவில் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கும் நீண்ட காலம் தங்கிப் பயிலும் மாணவர்களுக்கும் பல பாடத்திட்டங்கள் கிடைக்கின்றன. குறிப்பாக, பௌத்த ஆய்வுகளுக்கு பௌதா (Boudha) சிறந்த இடமாகவும், யோகா மற்றும் மசாஜ் பயிற்சிகளுக்கு தாமெல் (Thamel) ஒரு மையமாகவும் திகழ்கின்றன. '''மொழிகள்''' காத்மாண்டுவின் எக்ஸிபிஷன் சாலையில் அமைந்துள்ள பிஷோ பாஷா வளாகம் (சர்வதேச மொழிகளுக்கான வளாகம்), நேபால் மொழி (பாஷா), திபெத்திய, சமஸ்கிருதம் மற்றும் நேபாளி ஆகிய மொழிகளுக்கான பாடத்திட்டங்களை வழங்குகிறது. காத்மாண்டுவின் பூர்வீக மொழியான நேபால் பாஷாவைக் கற்றுக்கொடுக்கும் பல உள்ளூர் கல்வி நிறுவனங்களை நீங்கள் அங்கு காணலாம். == வாங்குங்கள் == தமேலில் பல தானியங்கி பணம் வழங்கும் இயந்திரம் (ஏடிஎம்கள்) உள்ளன; இருப்பினும், அனைத்தும் வெளிநாட்டு அட்டைகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்வதில்லை. அவ்வாறு ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளும் பெரும்பாலானவை ஒரு பரிவர்த்தனைக்கு ரூ.650 கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கின்றன; கட்டணமில்லா தானியங்கி பணம் வழங்கும் இயந்திரங்கள் (ஏடிஎம்கள்) (1) விமான நிலையத்தில் குடிவரவு சோதனைக்கு முன்பும், (2) தமேலில் உள்ள காத்மாண்டு விருந்தினர் மாளிகையின் நுழைவாயில்களுக்கு உள்ளேயும் மட்டுமே உள்ளன. ஸ்டாண்டர்ட் சார்ட்டர்ட் வங்கி மற்றும் நபில் வங்கி தானியங்கி பணம் வழங்கும் இயந்திரங்களில் (ஏடிஎம்களில்) ஒரு பரிவர்த்தனைக்கு ரூ.35,000 என்ற அதிகபட்ச பணம் எடுக்கும் வரம்பு உள்ளது. அனைத்து கடைகளும் நேபாள ரூபாயை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கின்றன, மேலும் பல கடைகள் அமெரிக்க டாலர் மற்றும் இந்திய ரூபாயையும் ஏற்றுக்கொள்கின்றன. [[File:Old Kathmandu0761.JPG|thumb|அசான் டோலில் உள்ள சந்தை]] வணிக வளாகங்கள் பெரும்பாலும் நகரத்தின் மையப் பகுதியில் காணப்படுகின்றன, அதேசமயம் தமெல் புத்தகக் கடைகளின் இருப்பிடமாக உள்ளது. டி-ஷர்ட்கள், பைகள் மற்றும் ஆடைகளை விற்கும் பாரம்பரியக் கடைகள் நியூ ரோடுக்கும் சேத்ரபதிக்கும் இடையில் அமைந்துள்ளன, அதே சமயம் மதப் பொருட்களை விற்கும் கடைகள் பெரும்பாலும் பௌத்தாவைச் சுற்றியே குவிந்துள்ளன. '''தங்கா (Thangka) பௌத்த ஓவியங்கள்''' - தங்கா என்பது [[Wy/ta/நேபாளம்|நேபாளம்]] முழுவதும் காணப்படும் பாரம்பரிய பௌத்த ஓவியங்களாகும். இவற்றின் விலை மற்றும் தரத்தில் பெரும் வேறுபாடுகள் இருக்கலாம். சிறந்த விற்பனையாளர்கள், நீங்கள் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கும் தங்கா ஓவியத்தின் தோற்றம், அதன் பொருள் மற்றும் வரலாறு குறித்து விளக்கமாக எடுத்துக்கூறுவார்கள். சில கலைக்கூடங்களில், தங்கா ஓவியங்கள் உருவாக்கப்படுவதை நீங்கள் நேரில் பார்க்கலாம். உதாரணமாக, பௌத்தநாத் ஸ்தூபிக்கு (Boudnath Stupa) அருகிலுள்ள ஒரு கலைக்கூடத்தில், தங்கா ஓவியக் கலையைக் கற்றுக்கொள்பவர்கள் பணிபுரிவதைக் காணலாம்; இதன் மூலம், ஒவ்வொரு ஓவியத்திலும் எவ்வளவு நுணுக்கமான விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்படுகின்றன என்பதை நீங்கள் அறிந்துகொள்ள முடியும். '''சிலைகள்''' - நேபாளத்தில் கையால் தயாரிக்கப்படும் சிலைகள், குறிப்பாக புத்தர் மற்றும் தாரா போன்ற கடவுள் மற்றும் தெய்வங்களின் உலோகச் சிலைகள் உலகம் முழுவதும் புகழ்பெற்றவை. நேபாளத்தின் படான் (Patan) பகுதியில் இச்சிலைகள் பெருமளவில் தயாரிக்கப்படுகின்றன; இருப்பினும், காத்மாண்டுவின் தாமெல் (Thamel) பகுதியில் இவற்றை விற்பனை செய்யும் பல கடைகளைக் காணலாம். நீங்கள் சிலைகள் தயாரிக்கப்படும் இடத்திற்கு அருகிலேயே சென்று வாங்க விரும்பினால், படான் ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகும். பழங்காலப் பொருட்கள் (antiques) என்று கூறப்படும் பொருட்களை வாங்குவதில் கவனமாக இருக்கவும். 100 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு மேல் பழமையான உண்மையான தொல்பொருட்களை நாட்டிற்கு வெளியே கொண்டு செல்ல நேபாள அரசு அனுமதிப்பதில்லை. எனவே, நீங்கள் வாங்க விரும்பும் பொருளின் பழமை குறித்து உங்களுக்குச் சந்தேகம் இருந்தால், சிக்கல்களைத் தவிர்க்க, தொல்பொருள் துறையிடம் (Department of Archaeology) அதைப் பரிசோதித்துச் சான்றிதழ் பெற்றுக்கொள்வது நல்லது. '''வெள்ளி''' - பேங்காக் நகரைச் சேர்ந்த நகை வியாபாரிகள், இந்தியாவில் பதப்படுத்தப்பட்ட குறைவான வணிக மதிப்புடைய கற்களைக் கொண்டு ஆபரணங்களைத் தயாரிப்பதற்காக, காத்மாண்டுவிற்கு வந்து மொத்த விலையில் வெள்ளியை வாங்குகின்றனர். வெள்ளியின் மொத்த விற்பனை விலை "இமாலயன்" (Himalayan) செய்தித்தாளின் முதல் பக்கத்தில் வெளியிடப்படுகிறது (1 தோலா = 11.6 கிராம்). இதன் மூலம், கூலித் தவிர, அந்த உலோகத்தின் விலையை வாங்குபவர்கள் தெரிந்துகொள்ள முடிகிறது. இங்கு விற்கப்படும் வெள்ளியானது, அதன் மீது முத்திரையிடப்பட்டுள்ளவாறே, ஏறக்குறைய எப்போதும் "92.5%" தூய்மையான 'ஸ்டெர்லிங்' (sterling) தரத்திலேயே காணப்படுகிறது. '''ஆடைகள்''' - காத்மாண்டு, ஆடைகள் வாங்குவதற்கோ அல்லது ஏற்கனவே உள்ள ஆடைகளைப் பழுதுபார்ப்பதற்கோ அல்லது தைத்துக் கொள்வதற்கோ ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகும். காற்றில் ஆடும் ஹிப்பி காஸ் துணிகள், குங்குமப்பூ மற்றும் மெரூன் நிறங்களில் துறவிகளின் ஆடைகள், நவநாகரீக நியான் டிரான்ஸ் உடைகள், சணல் ஆடைகள், பலவிதமான நேர்த்தியான பட்டுத் துணிகள் மற்றும் 'சூட்டிங் மற்றும் ஷர்ட்டிங்' போன்றவை அனைத்துத் தரங்களிலும் விலைகளிலும் கிடைக்கின்றன. தையல்காரர்களை நியாயமான கட்டணத்தில் பணியமர்த்தலாம், மேலும் அவர்களின் வேலையின் தரம் உயர்வாக உள்ளது. கையால் நெய்யப்பட்ட நேபாளத் துணிகளின் விலை ஒரு மீட்டருக்கு ரூ.100-300 ஆகும், மேலும் அவை எண்ணற்ற வடிவங்களிலும் வண்ணங்களிலும் கிடைக்கின்றன. பைகள் முதல் மலையேறும் உபகரணங்கள், காக்டெய்ல் ஆடைகள் வரை எதையும் ஆர்டர் செய்து, கச்சிதமாகத் தைத்துத் கொள்ளலாம். தமேல் மற்றும் தர்பார் சதுக்கத்திற்கு இடையில் உள்ள இந்திரா சௌக்கைச் சுற்றியுள்ள சந்துகளில், தமேலில் உள்ள அவசரமான மற்றும் விலையுயர்ந்த கடைகளை விட வாடிக்கையாளர் திருப்திக்கு அதிக அர்ப்பணிப்புடன் செயல்படும் பல துணிக்கடைகளும் தையல்காரர்களும் உள்ளனர். நியூ ரோடு மற்றும் தர்பார் சதுக்கத்தின் மூலைக்கு அருகில் உள்ள பிஷால் பஜார், ஒரு மால் போன்ற அனுபவத்தைத் தருகிறது, அங்கும் பல துணிக்கடைகளும் தையல்காரர்களும் உள்ளனர். ஒரு இடத்தில் துணியை வாங்கி, மற்றொரு இடத்தில் தைத்துக் கொள்வது ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளத்தக்கது. மேற்கத்திய பாணியிலான ஆண்கள்/பெண்கள் சட்டையைத் தைப்பதற்கு சுமார் 250 ரூபாய் செலவாகும் என எதிர்பார்க்கலாம். தையல்காரர் அதேபோல தைத்துக் கொள்வதற்காக, உங்களிடம் ஏற்கனவே உள்ள ஒரு ஆடையைத் தாராளமாக எடுத்துச் செல்லலாம். எச்சரிக்கை: மலையேற்றப் பாதையில் ஏற்படும் சிரமங்களுக்குப் பிறகு, நீங்கள் உங்கள் இயல்பான உடல் அளவிற்குத் திரும்பும்போது அந்த ஆடைகள் உங்களுக்குப் பொருத்தமாக இருக்க வேண்டுமென்றால், வீட்டில் அணிவதற்காக ஆடைகளைத் தைக்கிறீர்கள் என்றால், மலையேற்றத்திற்குச் செல்வதற்கு முன்பு உங்கள் அளவைச் சரிபார்த்துக் கொள்ளுங்கள். '''பண்பாட்டுப் பொருள்கள்''' - ஏராளமான போலிகள், தந்திரமான விற்பனையாளர்கள், மற்றும் மரம் எனக் காட்டப்படும் பிளாஸ்டிக் பொருள்கள் குறித்து எச்சரிக்கையாக இருங்கள். பெரும்பாலான உண்மையான பழம்பொருள்களை ஏற்றுமதி செய்வது சட்டவிரோதமாகும். உண்மையான பழம்பொருள்கள் கோயில்களில் இருந்து கொள்ளையடிக்கப்பட்டிருக்கலாம். பட்டான் அதன் வெண்கலப் பொருள்களின் தரத்திற்காகப் புகழ்பெற்றது. மேலும் தகவல்களுக்கு, ஜெஃப் கிரீன்வால்ட் எழுதிய "புத்தர் சிலைகளைத் தேடுதல்" (Shopping for Buddhas) என்ற புத்தகத்தைப் படியுங்கள். '''பஷ்மினா''' '''(Pashmina)''' - ஐரோப்பா அல்லது வட அமெரிக்காவில் உள்ளவற்றின் விலையில் ஒரு சிறு பகுதிக்கு, இங்கு ஸ்கார்ஃப்கள் மற்றும் ஷால்களை வாங்கலாம். பட்டானுக்கு வெளியே உள்ள திபெத்திய அகதிகள் முகாம் போன்ற தொண்டு நிறுவனங்களால் தயாரிக்கப்பட்டவற்றைத் தேடுங்கள். ஆனால், போலிகள் சாதாரணமாகக் காணப்படுகின்றன என்பதையும், "பஷ்மினா" என்பது "காஷ்மீர்" அல்ல என்பதையும் நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். '''மின்னணு சாதனங்கள் (Electronics)'''- காத்மாண்டுவில் மின்னணு சாதனங்களுக்கு விற்பனை வரியும் இறக்குமதி வரியும் இல்லாததால், கேமரா அல்லது பிற மின்னணு சாதனங்களை வாங்குவதற்கு இது ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. தாமெல் (Thamel) பகுதியிலும், நியூ ரோடு (New Road) சுற்றுப்புறத்திலும் இதற்கான கடைகள் உள்ளன. == உண்ணுங்கள் == [[File:Momo101.jpg|thumb|மோமோ, ஒரு வகை மாவு உருண்டை( டம்பிளிங்)]] காத்மாண்டுவின் மிக முக்கியமான உணவு, அங்குள்ள பழங்குடி நேவா உணவாக இருக்கலாம். நூற்றுக்கணக்கான பாரம்பரிய நேவா உணவு வகைகள் உள்ளன, அவற்றை பட்டி (உள்ளூர் உணவகங்கள்) அல்லது சிற்றுண்டிச்சாலைகளில் காணலாம். காத்மாண்டுவில் மிகவும் பிரபலமான உணவு 'மோமோ' (momo) ஆகும். இது திபெத் மற்றும் சீனாவைப் பூர்வீகமாகக் கொண்ட ஒரு வகை மாவு உருண்டை (டம்பிளிங் dumpling) உணவாகும். இவை வேகவைக்கப்பட்டோ அல்லது பொரிக்கப்பட்டோ கிடைக்கின்றன; இவற்றிற்குள் எருமை இறைச்சி, கோழி இறைச்சி அல்லது காய்கறிகளை நிரப்பலாம். இடத்தைப் பொறுத்தும், உள்ளே நிரப்பப்படும் பொருளைப் பொறுத்தும் விலை மாறுபடலாம்; இருப்பினும், ஒரு டஜன் மோமோக்களுக்கு சுமார் 150 முதல் 250 ரூபாய் வரை செலவாகும் என்று எதிர்பார்க்கலாம். பாரம்பரிய நேவாரி (Newari) மற்றும் திபெத்திய உணவுகளைச் சுவைப்பதற்கும் காத்மாண்டு ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகும். ஒரு நேபாள பிற்பகல் உணவில் பொதுவாக சாதம், பருப்பு, காய்கறி/இறைச்சிக் குழம்பு, ஒரு காய்கறி உணவு, ஊறுகாய் மற்றும் தயிர் ஆகியவை அடங்கும். சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களில் சுமார் 140-280 நேபாள ரூபாய் வரை செலவாகும், உள்ளூர் இடங்களில் இதைவிட மிகக் குறைவாகவே இருக்கும். இந்திய சாய் போன்ற, பால் மற்றும் மசாலா கலந்த தேநீரான சியா, எல்லா இடங்களிலும் பரவலாகக் கிடைக்கிறது; இது மன அழுத்தத்தைக் குறைத்து இளைப்பாற ஒரு நல்ல இடைவேளைக்கு ஏற்றது. [[File:Sel Roti.jpg|thumb|309x309px|செல் ரொட்டி (Sel roti) – நேபாளத்தில் பாரம்பரியமாக வீடுகளில் தயாரிக்கப்படும், இனிப்புச் சுவையுடைய, வளைய வடிவிலான அரிசி ரொட்டி (அல்லது டோனட் போன்ற உணவு).]] சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளை ஈர்க்கும் பெரும்பாலான உணவகங்கள், விலைப் பட்டியல் (மெனுவில்) குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள விலைகளுடன் 10% சேவை கட்டணத்தையும், அதன் மேல் 13% மதிப்புக் கூட்டு வரியையும் (VAT) (மொத்தம் 24.5%) சேர்ப்பதைக் கவனத்தில் கொள்க. இத்தகைய கூடுதல் கட்டணங்கள் மெனுவில் தெளிவாகக் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டிருக்க வேண்டும் என்பதை நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். தமேல் பகுதியில் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கான உணவகங்கள் பல உள்ளன; அங்கு மத்திய கிழக்கு உணவுகள் முதல் மெக்சிகன் உணவுகள் வரை அனைத்தும் கிடைக்கின்றன. இதில் இந்திய மற்றும் நேபாள உணவுகள் மிகவும் அசல் சுவையுடனும், கட்டுப்படியாகக்கூடிய விலையிலும் கிடைக்கின்றன. == பருகுங்கள் == '''குளம்பி- காபி (Coffee)''' சமீப காலங்களில், காபி கலாச்சாரம் காத்மாண்டுவில் பெரும் தாக்கத்தை ஏற்படுத்தியுள்ளது. எஸ்பிரெசோ அடிப்படையிலான காபிகளை வழங்கும் கஃபேக்கள் இனி சுற்றுலாப் பகுதிகளுக்கு மட்டும் மட்டுப்படுத்தப்படவில்லை, மாறாக நகரம் முழுவதும் காணப்படுகின்றன. நேபாளத்தின் காபி உலகில் ஹிமாலயன் ஜாவா ஒரு முக்கிய பங்கு வகிக்கிறது, மேலும் அவர்களின் நேர்த்தியான கஃபேக்கள் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் மற்றும் உள்ளூர்வாசிகள் என இருபாலரிடத்திலும் பிரபலமாக உள்ளன. '''மதுபானம் - (Alcohol)''' உள்ளூர் நேவா அரிசி மதுவான 'தோன்' மற்றும் மதுபானமான 'அயேலா' ஆகியவை உள்ளூர் உணவகங்களில் கிடைக்கின்றன. ஏறக்குறைய ஒவ்வொரு மதுக்கூடம் மற்றும் உணவகத்திலும் பீர் மற்றும் கலப்பு பானங்கள் கிடைக்கின்றன. ஒரு விரைவான பானம் மற்றும் மலிவான கலாச்சார அனுபவத்திற்கு, உள்ளூர் 'நேபாள ஒயின்' (ராக்ஸி) அல்லது 'நேபாள பீர்' (சாங்) ஆகியவற்றை முயற்சித்துப் பாருங்கள்; இவை இரண்டுமே அவற்றின் பெயர்களைப் போல சுவைப்பதில்லை. கோர்க்கா பீர், எவரெஸ்ட் பீர், நேபால் ஐஸ், சான் மிகுவல், கார்ல்ஸ்பெர்க் மற்றும் டூபோர்க் பீர் ஆகியவை காத்மாண்டுவில் பரிமாறப்படும் முக்கிய பாரம்பரிய பீர்கள் ஆகும். இறக்குமதி செய்யப்பட்ட பீர்களை விட உள்ளூர் பீர்கள் அதிக நம்பகத்தன்மை கொண்டவையாக இருக்கின்றன. == உறங்குங்கள் == காத்மாண்டுவில் உள்ள தங்குமிடப் பட்டியல்களுக்கு 'மாவட்டம்' தொடர்பான கட்டுரைகளைப் பார்க்கவும். கிட்டத்தட்ட அனைத்து சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கான தங்குமிடங்களும் தமேலில்தான் உள்ளன, இருப்பினும் பௌத்தாவைச் சுற்றியும் சில நல்ல சலுகைகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. உயர்தர தங்குமிடங்கள் பொதுவாக காத்மாண்டுவின் மையப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளன. ஃப்ரீக் தெருவில் சில விருந்தினர் இல்லங்களும் உள்ளன; அவை தமேலில் உள்ளவற்றை விடப் பொலிவிழந்து காணப்பட்டாலும், பொதுவாக விலை மலிவானவையாக இருக்கும். வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க நேவா (Newa) நகரங்களில் பல தங்குமிடங்களைக் (homestays) கண்டறியலாம்; அங்கு நீங்கள் பாரம்பரிய நேவா வீடுகளில் வசிக்க முடியும். தெருவில் யாராவது உங்களை ஒரு தங்குமிடங்களுக்கு அழைத்துச் சென்றால், அவர்கள் அந்த தங்குமிடங்கலிலிருந்து தரகு (கமிஷன்) பெறுவார்கள் என்பதையும், அந்தத் தொகை நீங்கள் செலுத்தும் கட்டணத்திலேயே அடங்கியிருக்கும் என்பதையும் நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். நீங்களாகவே ஒரு இடத்தைத் தேடிக்கொள்வது சிறந்தது. == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == கனடிய தூதரக விவகாரங்கள், ஐக்கிய ராச்சியத்தின் வெளியுறவு மற்றும் காமன்வெல்த் அலுவலகம், மற்றும் அமெரிக்க வெளியுறவுத் துறை ஆகியவை பயண ஆலோசனைகளை வழங்குகின்றன. நேபாளம் பயணம் செய்வதற்குப் பாதுகாப்பானது, ஆனால் எச்சரிக்கையுடன் இருக்க வேண்டும். சுமார் 2006-ல் மாவோயிஸ்டுகள் அரசாங்கத்தில் இணைந்த பிறகு, நேபாளம் ஒப்பீட்டளவில் அமைதியாகவும் மேலும் நிலையானதாகவும் மாறியது. இருப்பினும், பார்வையாளர்கள் பொது ஆர்ப்பாட்டங்களைத் தவிர்க்க வேண்டும், மேலும் வந்தவுடன் தங்கள் தூதரகத்தில் பதிவு செய்துகொள்ள விரும்பலாம். சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் அரசியல் ரீதியாகத் தூண்டப்பட்ட வன்முறையால் நேரடியாகக் குறிவைக்கப்படவில்லை என்றாலும், தவறான நேரத்தில் தவறான இடத்தில் இருக்க வாய்ப்புள்ளது. உள்ளூரில் பந்த் அல்லது பந்தா என்று அழைக்கப்படும், அவ்வப்போது நடத்தப்படும் தொடர்ச்சியான வேலைநிறுத்தங்கள், பெரும்பாலான சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு ஒரு பெரிய சிரமத்தை ஏற்படுத்துகின்றன, ஏனெனில் அனைத்துப் போக்குவரத்தும் நின்றுவிடுகிறது, மேலும் பல கடைகள் மற்றும் உணவகங்கள் மூடப்படுகின்றன. நவம்பர் 2013-ல் நடந்த அரசியலமைப்புச் சபை தேர்தலுக்கு முந்தைய 10 நாள் காலகட்டத்தில், பெரும்பாலான நேரங்களில் மிகக் குறைவான பொதுப் பேருந்துகளே இயக்கப்பட்டன, எனவே ஒரு மலையேற்றப் பாதையின் தொடக்கத்திற்கு உடனடியாகச் செல்வது மிகவும் கடினமாக இருந்தது. செய்திகளையும் அரசாங்கத்தின் எச்சரிக்கைகளையும் கவனிப்பது முக்கியம். காத்மாண்டுவிலிருந்து புறப்படுவதற்கு முன், தற்போதைய சாலை நிலவரங்களைச் சரிபார்த்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள். ஏப்ரல் 2010 நிலவரப்படி, கிழக்கு தெராய் (Eastern Terai) பகுதி வழியாக மேற்கொள்ளப்படும் நீண்ட தூர பேருந்து பயணங்களைத் தவிர்ப்பது நல்லது என்று கருதப்பட்டது; ஏனெனில் அப்பகுதியில் மாவோயிச நடவடிக்கைகளுக்கான அபாயம் இருந்தது. நிலைமை தற்போது மேம்பட்டிருப்பதாகத் தோன்றினாலும், நவம்பர் 2013 தேர்தலுக்கு முன்னும் பின்னும் ஏற்பட்ட சிக்கல்கள், மீண்டும் ஒருவித உறுதியற்ற சூழல் உருவாகக்கூடும் என்பதைக் குறிக்கலாம். இது காலப்போக்கில்தான் தெரியவரும். முன்னதாக, மாவோயிஸ்டுகள் பேருந்துகளை நிறுத்தி, பயணிகளை இறங்க அனுமதித்த பிறகு, அந்தப் பேருந்துகளுக்குத் தீ வைத்த சம்பவங்கள் குறித்து செய்திகள் வந்திருந்தன. திட்டமிடப்பட்ட வேலைநிறுத்தங்கள் (பந்த்) குறித்த முன்னெச்சரிக்கை தகவல்களைத் தெரிந்துகொள்ள தினசரி செய்தித்தாள்களைப் பாருங்கள்; அத்தகைய நேரங்களில் நகரின் முக்கிய சாலைகளிலிருந்து விலகி இருப்பது நல்லது. காத்மாண்டுவில் இருக்கும்போது, ​​உங்கள் உடைமைகளின் மீது எப்போதும் கவனமாக இருங்கள். வன்முறைச் குற்றங்கள் அரிதானவை என்றாலும், மக்கள் நடமாட்டம் மிகுந்த இடங்களில் திருட்டு (பிக்பாக்கெட்) சம்பவங்கள் நடக்கக்கூடும். உங்கள் தங்குமிடங்கள் அறையின் கதவில் முறையான பூட்டு இல்லையென்றால் அல்லது ஜன்னல்கள் பாதுகாப்பற்றதாக இருந்தால், உங்கள் மதிப்புமிக்க பொருட்களை எப்போதும் உங்களுடனேயே வைத்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள் அல்லது தங்குமிடங்கலில் உள்ள பாதுகாப்பு பெட்டகத்தில் (safe deposit box) வைத்துவிடுங்கள். எந்தவொரு பெரிய நகரத்தையும் போலவே, வெளிச்சம் இல்லாத இடங்களில் தனியாக நடப்பதைத் தவிர்க்கவும். தெருக்களில் முன்பின் தெரியாத நபர்கள் உங்களை நடன மதுக்கூடங்களுக்கு அழைத்துச் செல்வதாகக் கூறி உதவி கேட்பதைத் தவிர்க்கவும். இந்த நடன மதுக்கூடங்களுக்குள் சென்ற சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் ஏமாற்றப்பட்ட பல சம்பவங்கள் நடந்துள்ளன. == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == '''காற்றின் தரம்''' -2015 ஆம் ஆண்டு ஏற்பட்ட நிலநடுக்கத்திற்குப் பிறகு, காத்மாண்டுவில், குறிப்பாக சுற்றுச் சாலையைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பகுதிகளில் காற்றின் தரம் மிகவும் மோசமாக உள்ளது. தூசிக்காக முகக்கவசம் வாங்குவது அறிவுறுத்தப்படுகிறது. '''குடிநீர்'''-காத்மாண்டுவில் உள்ள நீர் உயிருக்கு ஆபத்தானது மற்றும் தண்ணீரால் பரவும் நோய்கள் நிறைந்துள்ளன. எந்தச் சூழலிலும் குழாய்த் தண்ணீரைப் பருகாதீர்கள், தரம் குறைந்த சாலடுகள் அல்லது ஐஸ் கட்டிகளை உட்கொள்ளாதீர்கள். அவற்றைச் தயாரிப்பதற்குப் பயன்படுத்தப்பட்ட நீர் வடிகட்டப்பட்டு, கொதிக்கவைக்கப்பட்டது என்பதை உறுதிப்படுத்திக்கொள்ள முடியாவிட்டால், அவற்றைத் தவிர்ப்பதே நல்லது. மேலும், பல் துலக்குவதற்கு வடிகட்டி கொதிக்கவைக்கப்பட்ட நீரையே பயன்படுத்துங்கள்; குளிக்கும்போது தண்ணீர் வாய்க்குள் செல்லாமல் பார்த்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள். காத்மாண்டுவில் உள்ள தனியார் வீடுகள் அல்லது உயர்தர தங்கும் விடுதிகளில் நிலைமை சற்று மாறுபடலாம். கவலைக்குரிய விஷயம் என்னவென்றால், பாட்டிலில் அடைக்கப்பட்ட நீரை விற்கும் சில நிறுவனங்கள் குறைந்தபட்ச பாதுகாப்புத் தரங்களைக் கூடப் பின்பற்றுவதில்லை; எனவே, பெரிய கடைகளில் இருந்து தண்ணீரை வாங்குங்கள். உள்ளூர் உணவகங்களில் பெரிய (கேலன்) அளவிலான தண்ணீர் பாட்டில்கள் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன, ஆனால் அவை மீண்டும் நிரப்பப்பட்டிருக்க வாய்ப்பில்லை என்பதற்கு எந்த உத்தரவாதமும் இல்லை. '''உணவு''' மாசுபட்டிருக்கக்கூடும் என்பதால், பெரிய மற்றும் தரமான உணவகங்களில் மட்டுமே உணவருந்துமாறு சிலர் பரிந்துரைக்கின்றனர். உள்ளூர் கடைகளில் போலியான மற்றும் காலாவதியான உணவுப் பொருட்கள் மற்றும் சிகரெட்டுகள் பரவலாகக் காணப்படுகின்றன; எனவே, பொருட்களை வாங்குவதற்கு முன் அவற்றின் காலாவதி தேதியைச் சரிபார்க்கவும். '''வீட்டில் தயாரிக்கப்படும் மதுபானங்களில்''' (சாங், ரோக்ஸி, த்ரீ பன்னி ரோக்ஸி, துங்‌பா போன்றவை) மெத்தனால் இருக்கலாம் என்பதால், அவற்றை அருந்துவது பரிந்துரைக்கப்படுவதில்லை; இவற்றை அதிக அளவில் உட்கொள்வது மிகவும் விவேகமற்ற செயலாகும். காத்மாண்டுவிற்கு வருவதற்கு முன்னர் ரேபிஸ், டெட்டனஸ், டைபாய்டு மற்றும் ஹெபடைடிஸ் தடுப்பூசிகள் பரிந்துரைக்கப்படுகின்றன, மேலும் இவற்றை முழுமையாகப் போட்டு முடிக்க பல மாதங்கள் ஆகலாம். நீங்கள் காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கிற்கு வெளியே, தெராய் பகுதியின் தாழ்நிலங்களை நோக்கிப் பயணிக்கத் திட்டமிட்டால், ஜப்பானிய மூளை அழற்சி போன்ற தொற்று நோய்களுக்கு எதிராகத் தடுப்பூசி போட்டுக்கொள்ள வேண்டும். நீங்கள் மலேரியா தடுப்பு மருந்தை எடுத்துக்கொள்ள விரும்பலாம். நேபாளத்திற்கான நோய்த்தடுப்பு ஆலோசனையைப் பார்க்கவும். '''விலங்குகள்''' -வௌவால்கள் மற்றும் குரங்குகள், (குரங்குகள் கோயில் (சுயம்புநாத்தில்) உள்ளவை போன்ற பால்வெறு விலங்குகள், ரேபிஸ் (வெறிநாய்க்கடி நோய்) மற்றும் பிற நோய்களைப் பரப்பும் ஊடகங்களாக இருக்கலாம். நேபாளத்திற்கு வருவதற்கு முன்பே நீங்கள் ரேபிஸ் தடுப்பூசி போட்டிருந்தாலும், ஏதேனும் ஒரு விலங்கின் கடிக்கு உள்ளானால், தொற்று ஏற்படுவதைத் தடுக்க மீண்டும் சிகிச்சை பெறுவது அவசியமாகும். ஏதேனும் ஒரு விலங்கு உங்களைக் கடித்தால், உடனடியாக ஒரு மருத்துவமனைக்குச் சென்று சிகிச்சை பெற்றுக்கொள்ள வேண்டும். நேபாளத்தில் பறவைக் காய்ச்சல் (avian influenza) பாதிப்புகள் இதுவரை கண்டறியப்படவில்லை என்றாலும், அண்டை நாடுகளில் இது உறுதிப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது. சந்தைகளிலும் வீடுகளிலும் பறவைகள் மனிதர்களுக்கு மிக அருகிலேயே வாழ்கின்றன. == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == புனித தலங்களுக்கு அருகில்: தளத்தின் புனித தன்மைக்கு மரியாதையை வெளிப்படுத்தும் ஆடைகளை அணியுங்கள். கோவில் கட்டிடங்கள் மற்றும் சில கடைகளுக்குள் நுழையும் முன் உங்கள் காலணிகளை கழற்றவும். உள்ளூர் மக்களின் வழியைப் பின்பற்றுங்கள். ஸ்தூபி மற்றும் பிற புனித பொருட்களை கடிகார திசையில் சுற்றி வரவும். அமைதியையும் அமைதியையும் காப்பாற்றுங்கள். சிலைகள் அல்லது பிற புனிதப் பொருட்களின் மீது ஏறாதீர்கள். == அருகிலுள்ளவை == '''சாங்குநாராயண் (Changunarayan)''' என்பது ஒரு சிறிய கிராமம். இங்கு பழமையான சாங்கு நாராயண் கோயில் அமைந்துள்ளது; இது யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியத் தளமான காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கின் ஒரு பகுதியாகும். பொதுப் பேருந்து மூலம் சாங்குநாராயண் செல்லும் பாதையின் தொடக்கப் புள்ளி வரை சென்று, அங்கிருந்து அரை மணி நேரம் மலை மீது நடைப்பயணமாகச் சென்றால் கோயிலை அடையலாம். '''காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கு''' (நேப பள்ளத்தாக்கு) பல புனிதத் தலங்களுக்கும் வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க நகரங்களுக்கும் இருப்பிடமாக உள்ளது. '''பதான் என்கிற லலித்பூர்''' -நேபாளத்தின் மிகப்பெரிய நகரங்களில் ஒன்றான படான் (இது லலித்பூர் அல்லது உள்ளூர் மொழியில் 'யாலா' என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது), தமெலிலிருந்து தெற்கே 7 கி.மீ தொலைவில், பாக்மதி ஆற்றின் மறுபுறம் அமைந்துள்ளது. இங்குள்ள 'படான் தர்பார் சதுக்கம்' (Patan Durbar Square) யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னமாகும்; இது பல கோயில்கள், சிலைகள் மற்றும் அரண்மனைகளைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. மேலும், இங்குள்ள 'படான் அருங்காட்சியகம்' (Patan Museum) கண்டிப்பாகப் பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடமாகும். '''கீர்த்திபூர்''' (உள்ளூர் மொழியில் 'கிபூ' என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது) காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கின் மிகப் பழமையான குடியிருப்புகளில் ஒன்றாகும். இது படானுக்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ளது. '''பக்தபூர், குவோபா''' (இயற்பெயர்) '''மத்யபூர் திமி''' '''கோனா (Khona)''' என்பது பள்ளத்தாக்கின் தெற்குப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு நேவா (Newa) நகரமாகும். லாகன்க்யோ (Lagankhyo - உள்ளூர் பெயர்) அல்லது லாகன்கேல் (Lagankhel) என்ற இடத்திலிருந்து நீங்கள் பேருந்து மூலம் அங்கு செல்லலாம். '''புங்கா (Bunga)''' என்பது பள்ளத்தாக்கின் தெற்குப் பகுதியில், கோனா (Khona) நகருக்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு நேவா (Newa) நகரமாகும். நீங்கள் லகன்க்யோ (Lagankhyo - உள்ளூர் பெயர்) அல்லது லகன்கேல் (Lagankhel) என்ற இடத்திலிருந்து பேருந்து மூலம் அங்கு செல்லலாம். '''பௌத்த புனிதத் தலங்கள்''' '''ஸ்வயம்பு''' '''(Swayambu)'''-(காத்மாண்டுவின் 7 கிமீ NE) இல் குறைந்தது 29 புத்த மடாலயங்கள் மற்றும் கன்னியாஸ்திரிகள் மற்றும் உலகின் மிகப்பெரிய பௌத்த ஸ்தூபிகளில் ஒன்றான பௌதா ஸ்தூபம், யுனெஸ்கோவின் உலக பாரம்பரிய தளமாகும், இது கிபி 5 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் கட்டப்பட்டது. '''நமோ புத்த''' '''(Namo Buddha)'''-நேபாளத்தில் உள்ள மிக முக்கியமான பௌத்த யாத்திரைத் தலங்களில் ஒன்றாகவும், உலகின் மிகப்புனிதமான இடங்களுள் ஒன்றாகவும் 'நமோ புத்த' (Namo Buddha) விளங்குகிறது. முற்பிறவி ஒன்றில் இளவரசராக இருந்த புத்தர், பசியால் வாடிய புலி ஒன்றிற்கும் அதன் குட்டிகளுக்கும் தனது உடலையே உணவாக வழங்கிய இடமாக இது அறியப்படுகிறது. '''ஃபார்பிங் (Pharping)'''-ஒரு மணி நேரத் தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ள பௌத்த புனிதத் தலமான ஃபார்பிங்கில், குகை மற்றும் பிற எச்சங்கள் உள்ளன. '''சிவபுரி மலை(Shivapuri Hill)''' -காத்மாண்டுக்கு வடக்கே 20 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ள சிவபுரி மலை மற்றும் பிஷ்ணு முஹான் (Bishnu Muhan) ஆகிய இடங்களில், பிஷ்ணுமதி ஆறு உற்பத்தியாகும் ஒரு சிறிய நீரூற்று உள்ளது. சிவபுரி ஹைட்ஸ் காட்டேஜில் (Shivapuri Heights Cottage) ஒரு இரவு தங்குங்கள். '''நாகர்கோட் (Nagarkot)''' -காத்மாண்டுவில் இருந்து 30 கிமீ E, உயரம்: 2,000 மீ, சில ஓய்வு மற்றும் வெளிப்புற நடவடிக்கைகளுக்காக பரபரப்பான தலைநகரில் இருந்து விரைவாக வெளியேறுவதற்கான இடமாகும். சூரிய உதயத்தைப் பார்க்க இது ஒரு சிறந்த இடம், பயணத்தின் கடைசி 5 கிமீ குறுகியது, சாலையில் நிறைய வளைவுகள் உள்ளன, நீங்கள் உணர்திறன் உடையவராக இருந்தால் கார்-நோய் ஏற்பட வாய்ப்புள்ளது. '''துலிகேல் (Dhulikhel)''' - காத்மாண்டுவிலிருந்து 30 கி.மீ தென்கிழக்கில் அமைந்துள்ள துலிகேல் கிராமம், அதன் தெருக்களில் சுற்றித் திரிவதற்கும், சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் அதிகம் வராத நேபாள வாழ்வின் பக்கத்தைக் காண்பதற்கும் ஒரு இனிமையான, அமைதியான சூழலை வழங்குகிறது. துலிகேல் லாட்ஜ் ரிசார்ட் மற்றும் ஸ்கை கார்டன் ரிசார்ட் ஆகியவை மதிய உணவு அருந்துவதற்கும், மலைகளின் காட்சியைக் கண்டு ரசிப்பதற்கும் சிறந்த இடங்களாகும். '''சாங்குநாராயண்(Changunarayan)''' -காத்மாண்டுக்கு கிழக்கே 20 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது, என்பது ஒரு சிறிய கிராமமாகும். இங்கு பழமையான சாங்கு நாராயண் கோயில் அமைந்துள்ளது; இது யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியத் தளமான காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கின் ஒரு பகுதியாகும். '''பனௌதி (Panauti)''' - காத்மாண்டுக்குத் தென்கிழக்கே 32 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது, நேபாளத்தின் மிகப் பழமையான நகரங்களில் ஒன்றாகும்; இங்கு 15-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு அல்லது அதற்கு முந்தைய காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பல கோயில்கள் உள்ளன. '''காகனி (Kakani)'''- காத்மாண்டுக்குத் தென்கிழக்கே 30 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது, என்பது 8,000 மக்கள் வசிக்கும் ஒரு குடியிருப்புப் பகுதியாகும்; இது செம்புற்றுப்பழம் (ஸ்ட்ராபெர்ரி) பண்ணைகளுக்குப் பெயர் பெற்றது. == அடுத்த இலக்கு == '''போக்காரா''' '''(Pokhara) -''' பேருந்தில் 5–8 மணிநேரப் பயணம் அல்லது விமானத்தில் 40 நிமிடப் பயணம், போக்காரா என்பது ஃபேவா ஏரிக்கரையில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு அழகான சிறிய நகரமாகும். பல சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் இதனை மலையேற்றம் மற்றும் சாகச விளையாட்டுகளுக்கான மையமாகப் பயன்படுத்துகின்றனர். பயணிகளிடையே மிகவும் பிரபலமான இந்த நகரத்தில், துடிப்பான நேரலை இசை நிகழ்ச்சிகளும் ஏராளமாக நடைபெறுகின்றன. ஜமால் பேருந்து நிலையத்திலிருந்து தினமும் காலை 07:00 மணிக்கு (காலை 06:00 மணிக்கே அங்கு சென்றுவிடுவது நல்லது) சுற்றுலாப் பேருந்துகள் புறப்படுகின்றன. பேருந்து ஓட்டுநரிடமே ₹600-க்கு டிக்கெட் வாங்கிக்கொள்ளலாம். போக்குவரத்து நெரிசலைப் பொறுத்து, பிற்பகல் 14:00 மணிக்குள் போக்காராவைச் சென்றடையலாம். பேருந்துகளில் எப்போதும் இருக்கைகள் கிடைப்பதால், பயண முகவர்களிடம் முன்கூட்டியே முன்பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டிய அவசியமில்லை; அவர்கள் பொதுவாகக் கூடுதல் கட்டணமாகக் குறைந்தது ₹700 வரை வசூலிக்கக்கூடும். '''சித்வான் தேசிய பூங்கா (Chitwan National Park )'''- யானை சவாரிகள், காண்டாமிருகங்கள் மற்றும் புலிகளைக் காணும் வாய்ப்பு, மற்றும் காட்டு நடைப்பயணங்கள் என சஃபாரிகளுக்குப் பெயர் பெற்ற ஒரு இடமாகும். '''கும்பு (Khumbu)''' - எவரெஸ்ட் சிகரத்திற்கு அருகிலுள்ள கும்பு பகுதியை அடைய, காத்மாண்டுவிலிருந்து லுக்லாவிற்கு 30 நிமிட விமானப் பயணம் மேற்கொள்ள வேண்டும். இப்பகுதியில் பனி மூடிய சிகரங்களையும், மலைக் கிராமங்களையும், திபெத்திலிருந்து மலைக் கணவாய்கள் வழியாகப் பொருட்களைச் சுமந்து வரும் யாக் (yak) விலங்குகளின் கூட்டங்களையும் காணலாம். '''சிலிகுரி (Siliguri)''' -காத்மாண்டுவிலிருந்து (ஸ்வயம்பு) சிலிகுரிக்கு (டென்சிங் நோர்கே பேருந்து நிலையம்) 'கிரீன் லைன் பஸ் சர்வீஸ்' (Green Line Bus Service) நிறுவனம் தினமும் இரவு நேர குளிரூட்டப்பட்ட சொகுசுப் பேருந்து (ஏசி வோல்வோ) சேவையை வழங்குகிறது. இந்தப் பேருந்து பிற்பகல் 3 மணிக்குக் புறப்பட்டு, மறுநாள் காலை 8:30 மணிக்குச் சென்றடைகிறது. கட்டணம் 3,200 நேபாள ரூபாய்கள் (Nrs). ஸ்வயம்பு பேருந்து நிலையம், ஸ்வயம்பு பகுதியின் பின்புறம், படிக்கட்டுகளுக்கு இடதுபுறம் சுமார் 100 மீட்டர் தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது (ரிங் ரோட்டை நோக்கி நிற்கும் நிலையில்). பேருந்து, பயணச்சீட்டு அலுவலகத்திற்கு முன்பக்கத்திலிருந்து புறப்படுகிறது. சிலிகுரியில் உள்ள நேபாள-இந்திய எல்லை, பெருந்தொற்று காலத்திற்குப் பிறகு பூட்டான், இந்தியா மற்றும் நேபாள நாட்டு கடவுச்சீட்டு (பாஸ்போர்ட்) வைத்திருப்பவர்களுக்கு மட்டுமே அனுமதிக்கப்பட்டிருந்தது; தற்போது, ​​முறையான நுழைவு இசைவு (விசா) வைத்திருக்கும் அனைத்து நாட்டு கடவுச்சீட்டுதாரர்களுக்கும் இந்த எல்லை திறந்துவிடப்பட்டுள்ளது. (மே 2025-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) rvjyk7vxlbocxw1gimg99tjbgim212h 7374234 7374169 2026-10-25T13:23:20Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7374234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Kathmandu-Boudhanath banner.jpg|pgname=காத்மாண்டு}} [[File:Durbar Square, Kathmandu.jpg|thumb|300x300px|நகரத்தின் ஆன்மீக மையமான தர்பார் சதுக்கம்]] '''காத்மாண்டு''' என்பது நேபாளத்தின் தலைநகரமும் மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும், மிக முக்கியமான நகரமும் ஆகும், இது பல மாவட்டங்களைக் கொண்ட ஒரு பெரிய நகரமாகும். குறிப்பிட்ட காட்சிகள், உணவகங்கள் மற்றும் தங்குமிடங்கள் பற்றிய தகவல்களைக் கொண்ட ஒரு பெரிய நகரமாகும். '''காத்மாண்டு''' (நேபாளி: काठमाडौं) நேபாளத்தின் மிகப்பெரிய நகரமும் தலைநகரமும் ஆகும்; காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கிற்கு இப்பெயரே சூட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது. ஒரு காலத்தில், சென்றடைய முடியாத, கட்டுக்கதைகளில் வரும் 'சாங்க்ரி-லா' (Shangri-La) என்று கருதப்பட்ட காத்மாண்டு, இன்று பல்வேறு வகையான சுற்றுலாத் தேவைகளுக்கும், அனைத்து பட்ஜெட் நிலைகளுக்கும் ஏற்ற வகையில் வேகமாக வளர்ந்து வரும் ஒரு இடமாக மாறியுள்ளது. கடந்த சில தசாப்தங்களில் ஏற்பட்ட குறிப்பிடத்தக்க நகர்ப்புற வளர்ச்சியின் விளைவாக, இது தற்போது தெற்கே அமைந்துள்ள படான் (Patan) நகரத்துடன் இணைந்து, ஒரு தொடர்ச்சியான நகர்ப்புறப் பகுதியாக மாறியுள்ளது. == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == 2011-ஆம் ஆண்டு நடத்தப்பட்ட மக்கள் தொகை கணக்கெடுப்பின்படி, காத்மாண்டு பெருநகரத்தில் 2.5 மில்லியன் மக்களும், அதன் ஒட்டுமொத்த நகர்ப்புறப் பகுதியில் 3 மில்லியனுக்கும் அதிகமான மக்களும் வசிக்கின்றனர். பெருநகரப் பகுதியின் பரப்பளவு 50.67 சதுர கிலோமீட்டர் (19.56 சதுர மைல்) ஆகும். இங்கு மக்கள் அடர்த்தி ஒரு சதுர கிலோமீட்டருக்கு 3,000 பேர் என்ற அளவிலும், நகரின் மையப்பகுதியில் ஒரு சதுர கிலோமீட்டருக்கு 17,000 பேர் என்ற அளவிலும் உள்ளது. இந்த நகரம் மத்திய நேபாளத்தில், கிண்ண வடிவிலான காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கில், கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து சுமார் 1,400 மீட்டர் (4,600 அடி) உயரத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. இது சிவபுரி, புல்சோகி, நாகார்ஜுன் மற்றும் சந்திரகிரி ஆகிய நான்கு முக்கிய மலைகளால் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளது. காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கு மூன்று மாவட்டங்களை (காத்மாண்டு, லலித்பூர் மற்றும் பக்தபூர்) உள்ளடக்கியது. இது நாட்டின் மிக அதிக மக்கள் அடர்த்தி கொண்ட பகுதியாகும்; நேபாளத்தின் மொத்த மக்கள் தொகையில் சுமார் பன்னிரண்டில் ஒரு பங்கினர் இங்கு வசிக்கின்றனர். வரலாற்று ரீதியாக, காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கும் அதை ஒட்டிய பகுதிகளும் [[நேபாளம்|நேபாள]] மண்டலம் என்று அழைக்கப்பட்டன. 15 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு வரை, பக்தாபூர் அதன் தலைநகராக இருந்தது. பின்னர் காத்மாண்டு மற்றும் லலித்பூர் என மேலும் இரண்டு தலைநகரங்கள் நிறுவப்பட்டன. ராணா மற்றும் ஷா காலங்களில், பிரிட்டிஷ் வரலாற்றாசிரியர்கள் இந்தப் பள்ளத்தாக்கை "நேபாளம் பிராப்பர்" என்று அழைத்தனர். இன்று, காத்மாண்டு நேபாள கூட்டாட்சி ஜனநாயகக் குடியரசின் தலைநகராகவும், நேபாளத்தின் மத்திய அபிவிருத்திப் பிராந்தியத்தின் தலைமையகமாகவும் விளங்குகிறது. மத்தியப் பிராந்தியம் பாக்மதி, நாராயணி மற்றும் ஜனக்பூர் ஆகிய மூன்று மண்டலங்களைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. காத்மாண்டு பாக்மதி மண்டலத்தில் அமைந்துள்ளது. காத்மாண்டு நேபாளத்தின் சுற்றுலாத்துறைக்கான நுழைவாயிலாக விளங்குகிறது. இது அந்நாட்டின் பொருளாதாரத்தின் முக்கிய மையமாகவும் திகழ்கிறது. நேபாளத்தின் நகர்ப்புறப் பகுதிகளில் மிகவும் மேம்பட்ட உள்கட்டமைப்பைக் கொண்ட இடமாக இது உள்ளது. இதன் பொருளாதாரம் சுற்றுலாத்துறையைச் சார்ந்தே இயங்குகிறது; 2023-ஆம் ஆண்டில் நேபாளத்தின் மொத்த உள்நாட்டு உற்பத்தியில் (GDP) சுமார் 7 சதவீத பங்களிப்பை சுற்றுலாத்துறை வழங்கியது. அரசியல் கொந்தளிப்பு நிலவிய காலகட்டத்தில் காத்மாண்டுவின் சுற்றுலாத்துறை சரிவைச் சந்தித்தாலும், அதன்பிறகு மீண்டும் முன்னேற்றம் கண்டுள்ளது. 2013-ஆம் ஆண்டில், 'ட்ரிப் அட்வைசர்' (TripAdvisor) நிறுவனம் வெளியிட்ட, உலகளவில் வளர்ந்து வரும் சிறந்த 10 சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களின் பட்டியலில் காத்மாண்டு மூன்றாவது இடத்தையும், ஆசிய அளவில் முதலிடத்தையும் பிடித்தது. == வரலாறு == இந்த நகரம் சுமார் 2000 ஆண்டுகால நீண்ட வரலாற்றைக் கொண்டுள்ளது; பள்ளத்தாக்கில் கண்டெடுக்கப்பட்ட கல்வெட்டுகள் இதனை உறுதிப்படுத்துகின்றன. காத்மாண்டுவில் வசிக்கும் மக்களின் வாழ்வில் மத மற்றும் கலாச்சாரத் திருவிழாக்கள் முக்கிய இடத்தைப் பெற்றுள்ளன. இங்குள்ள மக்களில் பெரும்பாலோர் இந்து மதத்தைப் பின்பற்றுகின்றனர், மேலும் பலர் பௌத்த மதத்தைப் பின்பற்றுகின்றனர். பிற மத நம்பிக்கைகளைக் கொண்ட மக்களும் இங்கு வாழ்வதால், காத்மாண்டு ஒரு பன்முக கலாச்சாரச் சூழலைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. இந்நகரத்தில் நேபாளி மொழி பரவலாகப் பேசப்படுகிறது. காத்மாண்டுவில் கல்வி கற்ற மக்களிடையே ஆங்கிலமும் புரிந்துகொள்ளப்படுகிறது. காத்மாண்டுவின் சகோதர நகரங்களான லலித்பூர் (பதான்) மற்றும் பக்தாபூர் ஆகியவை காத்மாண்டுவின் கலாச்சார பாரம்பரியம், சுற்றுலாத் துறை மற்றும் பொருளாதாரத்தின் ஒருங்கிணைந்த பகுதிகளாகும். எனவே, யுனெஸ்கோ (UNESCO) தனது உலக பாரம்பரியத் தளப் பட்டியலில், இந்த மூன்று நகரங்களிலும் உள்ள நினைவுச்சின்னங்கள் மற்றும் ஈர்ப்பிடங்கள் அனைத்தையும் ஒன்றிணைத்து, "காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கு - யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியத் தளம்" (Kathmandu Valley-UNESCO World Heritage Site) என்ற ஒரே தலைப்பின் கீழ் வகைப்படுத்தியுள்ளது. == காலநிலை == காத்மாண்டு நேபாளத்தின் மிதமான வெப்ப மண்டலத்தில் (கடல் மட்டத்திலிருந்து 1,200–2,300 மீட்டர் அல்லது 3,900–7,500 அடி உயரத்தில்) அமைந்துள்ளது. இங்கு நிலவும் காலநிலை, இப்பகுதியின் பொதுவான சூழலுக்கு மாறாக, மிகவும் மிதமானதாக உள்ளது. இந்த மண்டலத்தைத் தொடர்ந்து, 2,100–3,300 மீட்டர் (6,900–10,800 அடி) உயரத்தைக் கொண்ட குளிர்ச்சியான மிதமான மண்டலம் (Cool Temperate Zone) காணப்படுகிறது. பள்ளத்தாக்கின் தாழ்வான பகுதிகளில் ஈரப்பதமான மிதவெப்ப மண்டலக் காலநிலையும், உயரமான பகுதிகளில் பொதுவாக மிதவெப்ப மலைப்பகுதி காலநிலையும் நிலவுகின்றன. காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கில் கோடைகால சராசரி வெப்பநிலை 28–30 °C (82–86 °F) ஆகவும், குளிர்கால சராசரி வெப்பநிலை 10.1 °C (50.2 °F) ஆகவும் உள்ளது. இந்த நகரம் பொதுவாக வெப்பமான பகல்களையும், குளிர்ச்சியான இரவு மற்றும் காலை நேரங்களையும் கொண்ட காலநிலையைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. குளிர்காலத்தில் வெப்பநிலை 3 °C (37 °F) வரை குறையக்கூடும் என்பதால், வானிலை முன்னறிவிப்பின்றி மாறக்கூடியதாக இருக்கலாம். 2013-ல் ஏற்பட்ட ஒரு குளிர் அலையின் போது, ​​காத்மாண்டுவில் வெப்பநிலை −4 °C (25 °F) வரை சரிந்தது; 2013 ஜனவரி 10 அன்று மிகக் குறைந்த வெப்பநிலையாக −9.2 °C (15.4 °F) பதிவானது. இங்கு பெய்யும் மழையில் பெரும்பகுதி பருவமழையைச் சார்ந்தே அமைகிறது (மொத்த மழையளவில் சுமார் 65% ஜூன் முதல் ஆகஸ்ட் வரையிலான பருவமழைக் காலத்திலேயே பெய்கிறது). நேபாளத்தின் கிழக்கு பகுதியிலிருந்து மேற்கு பகுதியை நோக்கிச் செல்லும்போது மழையளவு கணிசமாகக் குறைகிறது (100 முதல் 200 செ.மீ அல்லது 39 முதல் 79 அங்குலம் வரை). காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கில் சுமார் 1,400 மில்லிமீட்டர் (55.1 அங்குலம்) மழையளவு பதிவாகியுள்ளது; காத்மாண்டு நகரைப் பொறுத்தவரை சராசரி மழையளவு 1,407 மில்லிமீட்டர் (55.4 அங்குலம்) ஆகும். காற்றில் ஈரப்பதத்தின் சராசரி அளவு 75% ஆக உள்ளது. '''சுற்றுலாத் தகவல்''' 1 '''நேபாள சுற்றுலா வாரியம்''' (Nepal Tourism Board), எக்ஸிபிஷன் சாலை (Exhibition Rd) - ப்ரிகுடி மண்டப் பூங்காவிற்கு (Bhrikuti Mandap Park) மிக அருகில், ☏ +977 1-4256909. தினமும் 07:00-19:00. நகர நிர்வாகத்திடமிருந்து உள்ளூர் தகவல்களைப் பெறலாம். பேச்சுச் மொழி '''நுழைவு இசைவு (விசாக்கள்) மற்றும் மலையேற்ற அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள்''' நேபாள சுற்றுலா விசாவை நீட்டிக்க (ஓராண்டில் அதிகபட்சம் 150 நாட்கள் வரை), நீங்கள் நேபாள குடிவரவு அலுவலகத்திற்குச் செல்ல வேண்டும். உங்கள் கடவுச்சீட்டு (பாஸ்போர்ட்), அதன் நகல் மற்றும் கடவுச்சீட்டு அளவு புகைப்படம் ஒன்று ஆகியவற்றை எடுத்துச் செல்லுங்கள் (இதற்கான விவரங்களை நீங்கள் ஏற்கனவே ஆரம்ப விசா பெறும்போது வழங்கியிருந்தாலும், மீண்டும் சமர்ப்பிக்க வேண்டும்!). விசா நீட்டிப்பைப் பொறுத்தவரை, ஒரு நாளைக்கு 2 அமெரிக்க டாலர் வீதம் (குறைந்தது 15 நாட்களுக்கு) கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கப்படும்; இதற்கான கட்டணத்தை உள்ளூர் நாணயத்திலேயே செலுத்தலாம். ஏதேனும் கேள்விகள் இருந்தால், அங்குள்ள பணியாளர்களிடம் ஆங்கிலத்தில் கேட்டுத் தெரிந்துகொள்ளலாம்; அவர்களை +977 1 4438868 என்ற எண்ணில் தொடர்பு கொள்ளலாம். TIMS அட்டை - தனிப்பட்ட முறையில் மலையேற்றம் (hiking) மேற்கொள்வதற்காக 'கிரீன் TIMS' (Green TIMS) அட்டையைப் பெற, நீங்கள் நேபாள சுற்றுலா வாரியத்திற்கு (Nepal Tourism Board - NTB) செல்ல வேண்டும். மேலும், பெரும்பாலான தேசிய பூங்காக்களுக்குள் நுழைவதற்கு நீங்கள் அனுமதிச் சீட்டு (permit) வாங்க வேண்டியிருக்கும் (இவற்றில் பெரும்பாலானவற்றை நேபாள சுற்றுலா வாரியத்திலேயே பெற்றுக்கொள்ளலாம்). TIMS அட்டைகள், அனுமதிச் சீட்டுகள் மற்றும் நுழைவுக் கட்டணங்கள் குறித்த கூடுதல் தகவல்கள் 'நேபாளத்தில் மலையேற்றம்' (Trekking in Nepal) எனும் பகுதியில் விவரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == [[File:2009-03 Kathmandu 10.jpg|thumb|318x318px|திரிபுவன் சர்வதேச விமான நிலையம், காத்மாண்டு]] '''வானூர்தியில்''' திரிபுவன் சர்வதேச விமான நிலையம் (KTM IATA), ரிங் ரோடு (பிரபல சுற்றுலாப் பகுதியான தாமேலில் இருந்து கிழக்கே 5.5 கி.மீ தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது), தொலைபேசி: +977 1 4113163, +977 1 4113299 (உள்நாட்டு விமானத் தகவல்களுக்கு). இது நேபாளத்தின் மிகப்பெரிய சர்வதேச விமான நிலையமாகும்; பொக்காரா விமான நிலையத்துடன் சேர்த்து, நேபாளத்தில் உள்ள இரண்டு சர்வதேச விமான நிலையங்களில் இதுவும் ஒன்றாகும். இங்குள்ள வசதிகள்: குடியேற்றக் கட்டுப்பாட்டு மையம் அருகிலேயே ஒரு தானியங்கி பணம் வழங்கும் இயந்திரம் (ஏடிஎம் ATM), அந்நிய செலாவணி வசதி (புறப்பாடு பகுதியில் ஒரு வங்கி முகப்பிடம், வருகை பகுதியில் மூன்று வங்கி முகப்பிடம் உள்ளன), விமான நிலைய தகவல் சேவை, முன்கூட்டியே பணம் செலுத்தும் வாடகையுந்து (pre-paid taxi) சேவை, நேபாள சுற்றுலா வாரியத்தின் தகவல் மையம் மற்றும் ஹோட்டல் அசோசியேஷன் ஆஃப் நேபாளம் (HAN) கவுண்டர் ஆகியவை உள்ளன. HAN முகப்பிடம் மூலம் உங்களுக்கு விருப்பமான தங்கும் விடுதி முன்பதிவு செய்து, அதற்கான உறுதிச் சீட்டு பெற்றுக்கொண்டு, குறிப்பிட்ட தங்கும் விடுதிக்குச் செல்லலாம். மேலும், சுற்றுலா தொடர்பான கையேடுகள் மற்றும் தகவல்களைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ளலாம். வணிகப் பயணிகளுக்கான CIP லவுஞ்ச் (ஒரு நபருக்கு 200 ரூபாய் கட்டணம்), இரண்டு ஊடக அறைகள், சரக்கு போக்குவரத்து வசதிகள், தபால் நிலையம், நினைவுப் பொருட்கள் விற்பனை நிலையம், மருத்துவ சேவைகள் மற்றும் இணைய வசதிகள் போன்றவை இங்கு உள்ளன (ஏப்ரல் 2023-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது). குடிவரவு மற்றும் சுங்கப் பிரிவுகளுக்கு இடைப்பட்ட பகுதியில் உள்ள இரண்டு முகப்பிடங்களில் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கான சிம் கார்டுகளைப் (SIM cards) பெற்றுக்கொள்ளலாம். '''சர்வதேச விமானங்கள்''' காத்மாண்டுவிற்கான பெரும்பாலான சர்வதேச விமானங்கள் டெல்லி, ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம், கத்தார் அல்லது பேங்காக் ஆகிய இடங்களிலிருந்து வருகின்றன. காத்மாண்டுவிற்குச் சேவை வழங்கும் சர்வதேச விமான நிறுவனங்கள் பின்வருமாறு: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- | style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;" | *'''Biman Bangladesh Airlines''' - [[டாக்கா]] *'''[http://www.airarabia.com/ Air Arabia]''' - [[ஷார்ஜா]]. *'''[http://www.airchina.com/ Air China]''' - [[செங்டு]]. *'''[http://www.airasia.com/ Air Asia]''' - [[கோலாலம்பூர்]]. *'''[http://www.flydubai.com/ Fly Dubai]''' - [[துபாய்]]. *'''[http://www.drukair.com.bt/ Druk Air]''' - [[பரோ]] and [[தில்லி]] *'''[http://www.etihadairways.com/ Etihad Airways]''' - [[அபுதாபி]]. *'''[https://www.gulfair.com/ Gulf Air]''' - [[பஹ்ரைன்]]. *'''[http://www.airindia.in Air India]''' - [[தில்லி]] and [[கொல்கத்தா]]. *'''[http://www.koreanair.com/ Korean Air]''' - [[சியோல்]]. | style="vertical-align:top;width:50%;" | *'''[http://www.nepalairlines.com.np Nepal Airlines]''' - [[பங்காக்]], [[தில்லி]], [[துபாய்]], [[ஹாங்காங்]], [[கோலாலம்பூர்]], [[ஒசாகா]], [[சிங்கப்பூர்]] and [[ஷாங்காய்]]. *'''Singapore Airlines''' - [[சிங்கப்பூர்]]. *'''[https://www.thaiairways.com Thai Airways]''' - [[பங்காக்]]. *'''[http://www.qatarairways.com/ Qatar Airways]''' - [[தோஹா]]. *'''[http://www.csair.com/en/ China Southern Airlines]''' - [[குவாங்சூ]]. *'''[https://us.ceair.com/en/ China Eastern Airlines]''' - [[குன்மிங்]]. *'''[http://www.turkishairlines.com/ Turkish Airlines]''' - [[இஸ்தான்புல்]]. *'''[http://www.malaysiaairlines.com/ Malaysian Airlines]'''- [[கோலாலம்பூர்]]. *'''[http://www.himalaya-airlines.com/ Himalaya Airlines] -''' தோஹா, கொழும்பு |} '''நுழைவு இசைவு (விசா) விண்ணப்பச் செயல்முறை''' விமான நிலையத்தில் வருகை நுழைவு இசைவு '''('''விசாவுக்கு) விண்ணப்பிக்க மூன்று எளிய வழிமுறைகள் உள்ளன: 1.குடியேற்றச் சாவடிகளுக்கு எதிரே உள்ள ஜன்னல்களுக்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ள தட்டையான திரை மானிட்டர்களில் ஒன்றைப் பயன்படுத்தி, தனிப்பட்ட விவரங்களைத் தட்டச்சு செய்து, முகப் புகைப்படம் எடுக்க நிழற்படக் கருவி (கேமராவை) இயக்கி, கடவுச்சீட்டை தரவேற்றம் (ஸ்கேன்) செய்யவும். இந்த அமைப்புமுறையில் சில பிழைகள் உள்ளன; அது உங்களை LPC (கடைசி வருகை இடம்) மற்றும் உங்கள் தொடர்பாளரின் (எ.கா. தங்கும் விடுதி) தொலைபேசி எண்ணை நிரப்பச் சொல்லும், ஆனால் உறுதிப்படுத்தல் பக்கத்தில் இந்த இரண்டு புலங்களும் "பொருந்தாது" (N/A) என்று மட்டுமே காண்பிக்கும். இருப்பினும், விண்ணப்பத்தை முடிக்க, உறுதிப்படுத்தல் பக்கத்தில் உள்ள "அடுத்து" (Next) பொத்தானை நீங்கள் கிளிக் செய்யலாம். விமானத்தில் ஏறுவதற்கு முன்பே இணையத்தில் (ஆன்லைனில்) நுழைவு இசைவுக்கு விண்ணப்பிப்பதன் மூலம் இந்த நடைமுறையை நீங்கள் தவிர்க்கலாம் (<nowiki>https://nepaliport.immigration.gov.np/onlinevisa-mission/application</nowiki>). ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளப்பட்ட விண்ணப்பம் பதிவிறக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டு, காசாளரிடமும் (கீழே உள்ள படி இரண்டைப் பார்க்கவும்) மற்றும் குடியேற்றச் சாவடிகளிலும் அச்சிட்ட அல்லது மென்நகல் வடிவத்தில் காட்டப்படும். 2.கணினியால் வழங்கப்படும் ரசீதை காசாளரிடம் எடுத்துச் சென்று நுழைவு இசைவு கட்டணத்தைச் செலுத்தவும் (மாற்றத்தக்க நாணயங்களில் மட்டும்). 3.கடவுச்சீட்டுடன், குடிவரவுச் சாவடியில் கண்காணிப்பாளர் மற்றும் காசாளரிடமிருந்து பெற்ற ரசீதுகளையும் சமர்ப்பிக்கவும். இந்த முழு செயல்முறைக்கும் பொதுவாக பத்து நிமிடங்களுக்கு மேல் ஆகாது. நுழைவு இசைவு (விசா) கட்டணங்களை விமான நிலையத்தில் பெரும்பாலான முக்கிய நாணயங்களில் செலுத்தலாம், அமெரிக்க டாலர்களுக்கு முன்னுரிமை அளிக்கப்படுகிறது. சில நாடுகளின் குடிமக்களுக்கு வருகை நுழைவு இசைவு (விசா Visa on Arrival) இலவசம். இருப்பினும், நீங்கள் தட்டையான கணினிதிரையில் படிவத்தை நிரப்ப வேண்டும். விண்ணப்பப் படிவத்தை பூர்த்தி செய்த பிறகு, உங்கள் திறன்பேசி (மொபைல் ஃபோன்) மூலம் விண்ணப்பப் படிவத்தின் நகல் (ஸ்கிரீன்ஷாட்டை) எடுத்து குடிவரவு அதிகாரியிடம் காட்டலாம். புறப்பாடு அட்டைகள் (Departure cards) வருகையின்போது வழங்கப்படுவதில்லை, மாறாக நீங்கள் நேபாளத்தை விட்டு வெளியேறும்போது மட்டுமே வழங்கப்படும். புறப்பாடு அட்டையைப் பூர்த்தி செய்ய, உங்கள் நுழைவு இசைவுடன் (விசாவுடன்) கூடிய கடவுச்சீட்டு (passport) உங்களுக்குத் தேவைப்படும். '''உள்நாட்டு விமானங்கள்''' பத்ராபூர், பைரவா, பரத்பூர், பிராட்நகர், தங்கர்ஹி, ஜனக்பூர், நேபாள்கஞ்ச், பொக்காரா, சிமாரா மற்றும் தும்லிங் தார் ஆகிய இடங்களுக்கு வணிகரீதியான உள்நாட்டு விமானங்கள் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. உள்நாட்டு விமானப் பயண நேரம் சுமார் ஒரு மணி நேரம் ஆகும், இதன் கட்டணம் US$100-175 ஆகும். ஏர் விவா, யெட்டி, நேபால் ஏர்லைன்ஸ் மற்றும் புத்தா ஏர் ஆகியவை முதன்மை உள்நாட்டு விமான நிறுவனங்களாகும். உள்நாட்டு விமானங்கள் பெரும்பாலும் தாமதமாகவே இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. காலை நேர தாமதங்களால் மதிய நேர விமானங்களும் ரத்து செய்யப்படும் அபாயம் உள்ளது. '''பயணப் பைகளின் பாதுகாப்பு, கையாளுதல் மற்றும் போக்குவரத்து''' இந்த விமான நிலையத்திற்கு வரும்போதும், இங்கிருந்து புறப்படும்போதும் உங்கள் பயணப் பைகள் பாதுகாப்பற்ற சூழலில் இருக்கலாம். பதிவு செய்யப்பட்ட பைகளில் (checked bags) மதிப்புமிக்க பொருட்களை வைக்காதீர்கள். நீங்கள் பையைப் பூட்டி வைத்தாலும், அதன் ஜிப் (zip) கட்டாயப்படுத்தித் திறக்கப்படலாம் அல்லது உடைக்கப்படலாம். உங்கள் பைகளுக்குப் போதிய பாதுகாப்பு வசதிகள் இல்லை. நேபாள விமான நிலையங்களில் பயணப் பைகள் மிகவும் கவனக்குறைவாகக் கையாளப்படுகின்றன என்பதை நீங்கள் கவனத்தில் கொள்ள வேண்டும். எனவே, உடையக்கூடிய மற்றும் மதிப்புமிக்க பொருட்கள் அனைத்தையும் உங்களுடன் எடுத்துச் செல்லும் பையில் (carry-on luggage) வைத்துக்கொள்வது நல்லது. விமான நிலையத்திற்கு வெளியே, சுற்றுலாத் துறையின் அனைத்து "பிரதிநிதிகளும்" பிரதான வாயிலிலிருந்து 10 மீட்டர் தொலைவில் நிற்க வேண்டும். அவர்களில் பலர், உங்களின் வழிகாட்டி/வாடகையுந்து/தங்கும் விடுதி/சாமான்களைக் கொண்டு செல்பவராக தங்களைத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்குமாறு உங்களை ஊக்குவிக்கும் முயற்சியில், பெரிய பதாகைகளை அசைத்துக்கொண்டும் கத்திக்கொண்டும் இருப்பார்கள். எல்லையைக் கடப்பதற்கு முன் உங்கள் தேர்வைச் செய்துவிடுங்கள். நீங்கள் விமான நிலையத்தின் குடிவரவுப் பிரிவிலிருந்து வெளியேறி உங்கள் சாமான்களை எடுக்கும்போது, ​​சாமான்கள் தள்ளுவண்டியுடன் ஒருவர் உங்களை அணுகி உதவ அதிக வாய்ப்புள்ளது என்பதை நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். உங்கள் பைகளையும் சாமான்கள் தள்ளுவண்டியையும் நீங்களே கையாள வேண்டும் என்று நீங்கள் வற்புறுத்தாத வரையில், அந்த நபர் முனையத்தின் வெளியேறும் வாயில்கள் வரையிலும் உங்கள் போக்குவரத்து வாகனம் வரையிலும் உங்களுடன் வருவார், பின்னர் அன்பளிப்பு (டிப்) எதிர்பார்ப்பார். அன்பளிப்பு கொடுப்பதற்காக, வெளிநாட்டு நாணயமாக இருந்தாலும், சில சிறிய மதிப்புள்ள ரூபாய் நோட்டுகள் அல்லது நாணயங்களை வைத்திருப்பது பயனுள்ளதாக இருக்கும். பல பார்வையாளர்கள் பயண காசோலைகள் அல்லது பெரிய மதிப்புள்ள ரூபாய் நோட்டுகளுடன் மட்டுமே வரக்கூடும், இது அன்பளிப்பு கொடுப்பதை கடினமாக்குகிறது. '''பணப் பரிமாற்றம்''' விமான நிலையத்தில் பணத்தை மாற்ற வேண்டாம்; அங்கு சேவை கட்டணங்கள் அதிகம் இருப்பதோடு, பிற இடங்களை விட குறைவான மாற்று விகிதங்களே வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. நகரின் பிற பகுதிகளிலோ அல்லது 'தாமெல்' (Thamel) பகுதியிலோ பல பணப் பரிமாற்ற மையங்கள் உள்ளன; அங்கு சிறந்த மாற்று விகிதங்களைப் பெறலாம், மேலும் சேவையும் விரைவாகவும் திறமையாகவும் இருக்கும். விமான நிலையத்திலிருந்து வெளியேறுவதற்கு முன்பாக உங்களுக்கு ரொக்கம் தேவைப்பட்டால், ஏடிஎம் (ATM) இயந்திரங்களைப் பயன்படுத்துவது சிறந்தது; இது பணப் பரிமாற்ற மையங்களை விட சிறந்த மாற்று விகிதங்களையும், வேகமான சேவையையும் வழங்குகிறது. 100 ரூபாய்க்கும் அதிகமான மதிப்புள்ள இந்திய ரூபாய் நோட்டுகளை நாட்டிற்குள் கொண்டு வருவது சட்டவிரோதமானது; அவ்வாறு கொண்டு வரப்படும் நோட்டுகள் பறிமுதல் செய்யப்படும். '''விமான நிலையத்திற்குச் செல்வதும் அங்கிருந்து திரும்புவதும்''' '''பேருந்து மூலம்''' - விமான நிலைய வாயிலில் உள்ளூர் பேருந்துகள் பிக் அப் மற்றும் டிராப்-ஆஃப், டெர்மினலில் இருந்து 0.5 கி.மீ. பேருந்துகள் பொதுவாக நிலையான அட்டவணைகளைக் கொண்டிருக்கவில்லை மற்றும் அடிக்கடி நெரிசலாகவும் வலியுடனும் இருக்கும் ஆனால் கட்டணம் மிகக் குறைவு. பேருந்து எங்கு நிற்கிறது என்று காசாளரிடம் கேளுங்கள். '''வாடகையுந்து மூலம்''' - வழக்கமான வாடகையுந்து நகரத்திற்குச் செல்ல எளிதான வழியாகும், ஆனால் விலையை முன்கூட்டியே பேசுவதற்கு தயாராக இருங்கள். தமெல் மற்றும் பௌத்தாக்கான கட்டணம் முறையே Nrs650 மற்றும் Nrs450 ஆகும், ஆனால் வெளிநாட்டினர் விமான நிலையத்தில் அந்த விலையைப் பெறுவது கடினம், எனவே குறைந்தபட்சம் மற்றொரு Nrs150 செலுத்த எதிர்பார்க்கலாம். '''முன்பணம் செலுத்திய வாடகையுந்து''' – விமான நிலையக் கட்டிடத்தை விட்டு வெளியேறும் முன், உங்கள் முன்பண ரசீதைப் பெற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் (உதாரணமாக, தமெல் அல்லது பௌத்தாவிற்கு Nrs900). (இருப்பினும், நீங்கள் வெளியே பேரம் பேசத் தயாராக இருந்தால், உங்களுக்குக் குறைந்த கட்டணம் கிடைக்கலாம்.) நீங்கள் சேருமிடத்தை அடைந்து, திருப்தி அடையும் வரை அந்த ரசீதை ஓட்டுநரிடம் கொடுக்க வேண்டாம், ஏனெனில் அதுவே ஓட்டுநருக்கான ஊதியமாக அமையும். ஓட்டுநர் கூடுதலாகப் பணம் கேட்டால், கொடுக்க வேண்டாம். வாடகையுந்து ஓட்டுநர்களுக்கு அன்பளிப்பு (டிப்ஸ்) கொடுப்பது கட்டாயமில்லை. முன்கூட்டியே ஏற்பாடு செய்யப்பட்ட வாடகையுந்து மூலம் பெரும்பாலான தங்கும் விடுதிகளில் இது கிடைக்கும் மற்றும் பெரும்பாலான மலையேற்ற/சுற்றுலாத் தொகுப்புகளில் இது சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. முடிந்தால், நீங்கள் வருவதற்கு முன்பே உங்கள் முதல் நாள் இரவுக்கான தங்குமிடத்தை ஏற்பாடு செய்துகொள்ளுங்கள், ஏனெனில் பல தங்கும் விடுதிகள் மற்றும் விருந்தினர் இல்லங்கள் விமான நிலையத்திற்கு இலவசப் போக்குவரத்தை வழங்குகின்றன. பிரதிநிதிகள் வருகை வாயிலுக்கு வெளியே ஒரு தடுப்பிற்குப் பின்னால் நின்று, தங்களை அடையாளம் காட்டும் ஒரு பலகையை ஏந்தியிருப்பார்கள். நீங்கள் நேபாளத்திற்குப் புதியவராகவும், இரவில் தாமதமாக வந்து சேர்பவராகவும், நாட்டின் செயல்பாடுகள் பற்றி அறிமுகமில்லாதவராகவும் இருந்தால், இந்த வகையான போக்குவரத்து மிகவும் உதவியாக இருக்கும். இருப்பினும், சில தங்கும் விடுதிகள் முன்பணம் செலுத்திய வாடகையுந்து கட்டணதை விட அதிக கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கக்கூடும். காத்மாண்டுவில் தொடருந்துகள் இல்லை; மேலும், ஓட்டுநர் இல்லாமல் கார் வாடகைக்கு எடுக்கும் வசதியும் அங்கு இல்லை. நேபாளத்திலிருந்து புறப்படும்போது, ​​ஏதேனும் வேலைநிறுத்தங்கள் அறிவிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளனவா என்பதைக் கவனித்து, அதற்கு ஏற்ப முன்கூட்டியே திட்டமிட்டுக்கொள்வது நல்லது. அதிகாலையிலோ அல்லது மாலையிலோ விமான நிலையத்திற்குச் செல்வது ஒரு தீர்வாக இருக்கலாம். நீங்கள் தங்கியிருக்கும் விடுதிகள் அல்லது மலையேற்றப் பயண ஏற்பாட்டு நிறுவனம் (trekking company) உங்களுக்கு உதவக்கூடும். '''பேருந்தில்''' காத்மாண்டுவிற்கும் நேபாளத்தின் ஏறக்குறைய அனைத்துப் பகுதிகளுக்கும் இடையே அடிக்கடி மற்றும் மலிவான பேருந்து சேவை உள்ளது. இருப்பினும், மோசமான சாலைகள் மற்றும் அடிக்கடி ஏற்படும் தாமதங்கள் காரணமாக, இந்தப் பேருந்துகள் தெற்காசியாவிலேயே மிகவும் மெதுவான மற்றும் வசதியற்ற பேருந்துகளில் சிலவாக உள்ளன. '''போக்ஹாராவிலிருந்து'''-காத்மாண்டு மற்றும் பொக்காரா இடையே உள்ள 200 கி.மீ தூரத்திற்கு, காலை 7:30 மணி முதல் மாலை வரை சுமார் 15 நிமிட இடைவெளியில் சுற்றுலாப் பேருந்துகள் (ரூ. 800, 6-7 மணிநேரம்) மற்றும் நெரிசலான உள்ளூர் பேருந்துகள்/சிற்றுந்துகள் (ரூ. 400-600, 6-7 மணிநேரம்) இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. இரவு நேரப் பேருந்துகளும் உள்ளன, ஆனால் அந்தப் பயணம் மிகவும் சிரமமானதாக இருக்கும். 'கிரீன்லைன்' (Greenline) நிறுவனம், காத்மாண்டுவின் பிரபலமான சுற்றுலாப் பகுதியான தாமெல் (Thamel) மற்றும் பொக்காராவின் லேக்ஸைட் (Lakeside) ஆகிய இடங்களுக்கு இடையே தினமும் காலை வசதியான பேருந்து சேவையை வழங்குகிறது (கட்டணம்: 20 அமெரிக்க டாலர்கள், மதிய உணவு உட்பட). இந்தப் பாதை வளைந்து நெளிந்து, பல கொண்டை ஊசி வளைவுகளைக் கொண்டிருப்பதோடு, மலைகளின் அழகையும் நேபாள கிராமப்புற வாழ்க்கை முறையையும் காணும் வாய்ப்பை வழங்குகிறது. ஓட்டுநர்கள் பொதுவாக அதிக வேகத்தில் செல்வதில்லை; இருப்பினும், சிலர் எதிரே வரும் வாகனங்களுக்கு இடையே மிகவும் சாமர்த்தியமாகவும் நிதானமாகவும் வாகனத்தைச் செலுத்துவார்கள். திடீரென வேகமாகக் பிரேக் போடும்போது, ​​முன் ஜன்னல் வழியாகப் பார்த்தால் இந்தப் பயணம் சற்று அச்சமூட்டுவதாக அமையலாம். மழைக்காலங்களில் சாலைகளில் சிக்கல்கள் ஏற்பட வாய்ப்புள்ளதால், விமானப் பயணத்தைத் தேர்ந்தெடுப்பது சிறந்தது. '''திபெத்திலிருந்து''' - திபெத்திய நகரமான ஜாங்முவிலிருந்து சீன-நேபாள நட்புறவுப் பாலம் வழியாக, காத்மாண்டுவிற்கும் நேபாள எல்லை நகரமான கோடாரிக்கும் இடையே பேருந்துகளும், சிற்றுந்துகளும் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. 123 கி.மீ. தூரமுள்ள இந்தப் பயணத்திற்கு குறைந்தது 6 மணி நேரம் ஆகும், கட்டணம் ரூ.500 ஆகும். பேருந்துகள் பிற்பகல் வரை இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. தனியார் ஜீப்புகள் (4 பேர் வரை பயணிக்க US$60) ஒரு விரைவான தேர்வாகும், மேலும் இந்தப் பயணத்தை 4 மணி நேரத்தில் மேற்கொள்ளலாம். இருப்பினும், வெளிநாட்டினர் திபெத்தில் சட்டப்பூர்வமாகப் பயணிக்க சீன மக்கள் குடியரசு அரசாங்கத்திடம் இருந்து சிறப்பு அனுமதிகளைப் பெற வேண்டும், மேலும் பயண முகவர்களால் ஏற்பாடு செய்யப்பட்ட குழுக்களாகவே பயணிக்க வேண்டும். '''இந்தியாவிலிருந்து''' - இந்தியாவிலிருந்து வரும் பேருந்துகள் ஸ்வயம்பு பேருந்து நிலையத்தில் பயணத்தை நிறைவு செய்கின்றன. தில்லி - இந்த வழித்தடத்தில் தினமும் பல பேருந்துகள் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. பயண நேரம் 25 முதல் 28 மணிநேரம் வரை ஆகும். கட்டணம் ₹2,100 முதல் ₹2,300 வரை மாறுபடும். '''சிலிகுரி''' — 'கிரீன் லைன்' (Green Line) நிறுவனம், சிலிகுரியிலிருந்து (டென்சிங் நோர்கே பேருந்து நிலையம்) தினமும் இரவு நேர குளிர்சாதன சொகுசு (ஏசி வோல்வோ)பேருந்து சேவையை இயக்குகிறது. இந்தப் பேருந்து பிற்பகல் 3 மணிக்குக் கிளம்பி, மறுநாள் காலை 8:30 மணிக்குச் சென்றடைகிறது. பெருந்தொற்று காலத்திலிருந்து பூட்டான், இந்தியா மற்றும் நேபாள நாட்டு கடவுச்சீட்டு (பாஸ்போர்ட்) வைத்திருப்பவர்களுக்கு மட்டுமே திறந்திருந்த சிலிகுரி அருகிலுள்ள நேபாள-இந்திய எல்லை, தற்போது முறையான விசா கொண்ட அனைத்து நாட்டு கடவுச்சீட்டுதாரர்களுக்கும் திறந்துவிடப்பட்டுள்ளது. (மே 2025-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது). '''சுனௌலி''' — நேபாள எல்லை நகரமான பைரஹாவாவிற்கு இழுவண்டி பயணம் (சுனௌலியிலிருந்து பத்து நிமிடத் தொலைவு). காத்மாண்டுவிற்கு பேருந்து பயணம் (சுமார் 8-9 மணிநேரம்). காத்மாண்டுவிற்கு விமானப் பயணம் (சுமார் 45 நிமிடங்கள்). == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == நீங்கள் விமானத்தில் பறந்தால், விமான நிலையத்தில் இலவச காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கு வரைபடத்தை எடுக்க மறக்காதீர்கள். காத்மாண்டுவில் சில பார்வையாளர்கள் கவனிக்கும் முதல் விஷயம், த்ரி தேவி & ரிங் ரோடு (நகரத்தைச் சுற்றியுள்ள சுழல்கள்) போன்ற முக்கிய சாலைகளைத் தவிர, வீட்டு எண்கள் மற்றும் தெரு பெயர்கள் பொதுவாக இல்லாதது. பெரும்பாலான சந்தர்ப்பங்களில், அருகிலுள்ள சௌக் அல்லது டோல் (ஒரு குறுக்குவெட்டு அல்லது சதுரம், பெரும்பாலும் சந்தையுடன்) அல்லது குறிப்பிடத்தக்க இடம் அல்லது கட்டிடம் (கோவில் அல்லது உணவகம் போன்றவை) தொடர்பான திசைகள் வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. சுற்றுலா மாவட்டமான தமேலில், காத்மாண்டு விருந்தினர் மாளிகை முக்கிய அடையாளமாக உள்ளது. பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடங்கள் பலவும் ஸ்தூபிக்கு அருகிலேயே இருப்பதால், அங்கெல்லாம் நடந்தே எளிதில் சென்றுவிடலாம். ஸ்தூபியின் பிரதான நுழைவாயிலுக்கு அருகில் உள்ள பிரதான சாலையில், இரவு 9 மணி வரை வாடகையுந்துகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. ஸ்தூபியைச் சுற்றியுள்ள சந்துகளில் ஏராளமான சிறிய கடைகளும் உணவகங்களும் உள்ளன; இவற்றைச் சுற்றிப் பார்ப்பதற்கு நடைப்பயணமே சிறந்த வழியாகும். இருப்பினும், இருசக்கர வாகனங்கள் குறித்து கவனமாக இருக்கவும். தெற்காசியாவின் பிற நகரங்களைப் போலவே, காத்மாண்டுவிலும் இருசக்கர வாகனங்கள் பாதசாரிகளின் நடைப்பயணத்தை இடையூறு செய்வதோடு, அவர்களுக்கு ஆபத்தான சூழலையும் உருவாக்குகின்றன. எனவே, எப்போதும் சாலையின் ஓரத்திலேயே நடக்கவும்; சாலையைக் கடக்கும் முன் இருசக்கர வாகனங்கள் வருகின்றனவா என்று சரிபார்த்துக்கொள்ளவும். 1. பாக்மதி ஆற்றின் மேல் உள்ள பாகமதி திரிபுரேஸ்வர் பாலம். 2. குபோண்டோல் சாலையில் உள்ள பாகமதி பாலம். 3. பிஷ்ணுமதி ஆற்றின் மேல் உள்ள பிஜேஷ்வோரி பாலம் (பிஷ்ணுமதி தால்கோ பகவோதி பாலம்) (நகரின் பகுதி). 4. பிஷ்ணுமதி ட்ராக் சாலையில் உள்ள பீம்சென் பாக்கா பிஷ்ணுமதி பாலம், ( பிஷ்ணுமதி ஆற்றின் மேல்) 5. சங்கதார் பாலம். பிஷ்ணுமதி ஆற்றின் மீது உள்ள நடைபாதை. 6. ஷோவா பகவதி தொங்கு பாலம், காமதி பிஸ்னுமதிக்கு இடையில் இடது (சமதி விஷ்ணுமதி கினார் பயான்) மற்றும் பிஷ்ணுமதி கினார் வலது (பிஜேஷ்வோரி பாலத்தின் வடக்கு). பிஷ்ணுமதி ஆற்றின் மீது உள்ள ஒரு தொங்கு பாலம். 7.பார்க் லேன் பாலம் (Park Ln Bridge) - பாக்மதி ஆற்றின் குறுக்கே 8. சங்கமூல் பாலம் (Sankhamul Bridge) 9. தேகு பாக்மதி பாலம் (Teku Bagamati Bridge) - பாக்மதி மார்க் மற்றும் பை-பாஸ் சாலைக்கு இடையே, பாக்மதி ஆற்றின் குறுக்கே 10. திரிபுரா மார்க் பாலம் (Tripura Marg Bridge) - திரிபுரா மார்க், துகுச்சா ஆற்றின் குறுக்கே 11. விஷ்ணுமதி பாலம் (Vishnumati Bridge) - தேகு டோவன் மார்க் மற்றும் குலேஷ்வர் மார்க் இடையே, விஷ்ணுமதி ஆற்றின் குறுக்கே உள்ளது === '''நடந்து''' === காத்மாண்டுவை கால்நடையாகச் சுற்றி வரலாம், ஆனால் நகரத்தை சுற்றி நடப்பது எப்போதும் இனிமையாக இருக்காது. எவ்வாறாயினும், மக்கள் கூட்டம், குறுகிய தெருக்கள் மற்றும் பாதைகள், போக்குவரத்து மற்றும் நீங்கள் பார்க்க விரும்பும் அனைத்தையும் கருத்தில் கொள்ளும்போது, ​​எந்தவொரு பொதுப் போக்குவரத்தும் நடைபயிற்சியை விட எளிதாக அல்லது வசதியாக இருக்குமா என்பதைக் கருத்தில் கொள்வது மதிப்பு. ==== '''வாடகையுந்து''' ==== வாடகையுந்துகளை தெருவில் இருந்தோ அல்லது செயலி மூலமாகவோ அழைக்கலாம். நீங்கள் ஒரு வாடகையுந்தைஅழைத்தால், புறப்படுவதற்கு முன் கட்டணத்தைப் பேசி முடிவு செய்யுங்கள். இருட்டிய பிறகும், கூட்டம் குறைவாக உள்ள பகுதிகளிலும் கட்டணங்கள் அதிகமாக இருக்கும். வாடகையுந்துகளைக் கண்டுபிடிப்பது எளிது; அவை அனைத்து முக்கிய தெருக்களுக்கு அருகிலும் நிறுத்தப்பட்டிருக்கும் மற்றும் கட்டண மீட்டர்களைக் கொண்டிருக்கும். இரவு 10 மணிக்கு (22:00) பிறகு, முக்கிய சுற்றுலாப் பகுதிகள் அல்லது பெரிய தங்கும் விடுதிகளைத் தவிர மற்ற இடங்களில் வாடகையுந்துகளைக் கண்டுபிடிப்பது மிகவும் கடினமாக இருக்கும். தமேலில் இருந்து பட்டானுக்கு ஒரு வழிப் பயணத்திற்கு 500 நேபாள ரூபாய்க்கும், தமேல் அல்லது விமான நிலையத்திலிருந்து பக்தாபூருக்கு சுமார் 1,500 நேபாள ரூபாய்க்கும் வாடகையுந்துகளை வாடகைக்கு எடுக்க முடியும். நீண்ட தூரப் பயணங்களுக்கும், ஒரு நாள் வாடகைக்கு வாடகையுந்துகளை எடுப்பதற்கும் ஓட்டுநருடன் பேசி முடிவு செய்யுங்கள். கடுமையாகப் பேரம் பேசுங்கள், உங்களுக்கு திருப்தி இல்லை என்றால் மற்றொரு ஓட்டுநரை எளிதாகக் கண்டுபிடித்துவிடலாம். பேரம் பேசுவதற்கு உங்களுக்குப் போதுமான நம்பிக்கை இல்லை என்றால், மீட்டர் ஒரு சிறந்த தேர்வாகும், இருப்பினும் மிகச் சில ஓட்டுநர்களே அதைப் பயன்படுத்த ஒப்புக்கொள்வார்கள். சில நேரங்களில் மீட்டர்களின் சரியான செயல்பாடு சந்தேகத்திற்குரியதாக இருக்கலாம், எனவே நீங்கள் எங்கு செல்கிறீர்கள் என்பது உங்களுக்குத் துல்லியமாகத் தெரிந்தால், முன்கூட்டியே ஒரு பொருத்தமான விலையைப் பேசி முடிவு செய்வது நல்லது. காத்மாண்டு மற்றும் பொக்காரா ஆகிய நகரங்களில்பத்தாவ் (Pathao) மற்றும் டூட்டில் (Tootle) போன்ற வாகன முன்பதிவு செயலிகள் (ride-hailing apps) பயன்பாட்டில் உள்ளன. பத்தாவ் (Pathao) மற்றும் டூட்டில் (Tootle) செயலிகளைப் பயன்படுத்த நேபாள நாட்டு அலைபேசி எண் தேவைப்படும்; அதே சமயம், இன்ட்ரைவ்(inDrive) செயலி சர்வதேச அலைபேசி எண்களையும் ஆதரிக்கிறது. சில நேரங்களில், இன்ட்ரைவ் (inDrive) செயலியில் காட்டப்படும் இருப்பிடம் தவறாக இருக்கலாம். இதனால், ஓட்டுநர்கள் தவறான இடத்தில் காத்திருக்க நேரிடலாம்; மேலும், கூகுள் மேப்ஸ் (Google Maps) போன்ற பிற வரைபடச் செயலிகளின் உதவியுடன் சரியான இடத்திற்கு வர அவர்கள் தயங்கக்கூடும். எனவே, நீங்கள் வாகனத்தில் ஏறப்போகும் இடம் ஒரு பிரபலமான அடையாளமாக இல்லாவிட்டால், இன்ட்ரைவ் (inDrive) செயலியில் அந்த இடம் சரியாகக் காட்டப்படுகிறதா என்பதை உறுதிப்படுத்திக்கொள்ளுங்கள். ஒருவேளை இடம் தவறாகக் காட்டப்பட்டால், வேறொரு இடத்தைத் தேர்ந்தெடுப்பது சிறந்தது. ===== '''நுண்ணுந்து''' ===== டெம்போக்கள், சிறிய மூன்று சக்கரப் பேருந்துகள் மற்றும் நுண்ணுந்து ஆகியவை நகரத்தைச் சுற்றி வருவதற்கு மிகவும் மலிவான (Nrs20-30) வழியாகும். டெம்போக்கள் பச்சை (மின்சாரம்) மற்றும் நீலம் (பெட்ரோல்) என இரண்டு வகைகளில் வருகின்றன, மேலும் அவை நகரம் முழுவதும் முன்பே வரையறுக்கப்பட்ட வழித்தடங்களில் இயக்கப்படுகின்றன. இந்த வழித்தடங்கள் எண்ணிடப்பட்டுள்ளன, சில சமயங்களில் நேபாள மற்றும் ஐரோப்பிய எண்களுடன். வழித்தடங்களுக்கான வரைபடம் இருப்பதாகத் தெரியவில்லை, ஆனால் எந்த எண்கள் எந்தச் சாலைக்குச் செல்கின்றன என்று கேட்பதன் மூலமும் கவனிப்பதன் மூலமும் அவற்றின் பாதைகளை நீங்கள் மிக விரைவாகப் புரிந்துகொள்ளலாம். நுண்ணுந்துகள் பொதுவாக சிற்றூர்திகளாகும், அவற்றில் ஆச்சரியப்படும் அளவுக்கு அதிக இருக்கைகள் திணிக்கப்பட்டிருக்கும் - அவற்றில் ஒரு "நடத்துநர்" இருப்பார், அவர் கதவுக்கு வெளியே சாய்ந்து சேருமிடங்களைக் கத்துவார், அவை பெரும்பாலும் முன்பக்கத்தில் நேபாளியில் எழுதப்பட்டிருக்கும். உங்களுக்கு நேரம் இருந்தால், அவை உங்கள் வழியில் செல்கின்றனவா என்று கேட்டு அதில் ஏறிக்கொள்ளலாம். இவற்றின் கட்டணமும் பொதுவாக NRs20-30 ஆகும். ====== '''பேருந்து மூலம்''' ====== நிகழ்நேரத்தில் பேருந்தின் இருப்பிடத்தைக் காட்டும் ஆன்லைன் வழித்தட வரைபடத்துடன் கூடிய அரசுப் பேருந்து சேவை உள்ளது. திறன்பேசி (ஆண்ட்ராய்டுக்கான) செயலி: சஜா பிளஸ் (Sajha Plus). பள்ளத்தாக்கிற்குள், அதாவது பட்டன், பக்தாபூர், பௌத்தா போன்ற இடங்களுக்கு நீண்ட தூரப் பயணங்களுக்கும் பேருந்துகள் உள்ளன; இவற்றை நகரத்திற்கு உள்ளேயும் சுற்றியும் பயணிக்கப் பயன்படுத்தலாம். பள்ளத்தாக்கிற்கு வெளியே பயணம் செய்வதற்கான குறிப்பு நீல மற்றும் பச்சை நிறப் பேருந்துகள் "ரிங் ரோடு" எனப்படும் சுற்றுச் சாலையில் நகரத்தைச் சுற்றி வட்டமிட்டுத் தொடர்ந்து இயக்கப்படுகின்றன - தூரத்தைப் பொறுத்து கட்டணம் ரூ.20 முதல் ரூ.30 வரை ஆகும். ஒவ்வொரு பேருந்திலும் ஒரு காசாளர்/பணியாளர் இருப்பார்; அவர் பேருந்து எங்கு நிற்கும் என்று கூறுவார் மற்றும் அது வந்தவுடன் உங்களுக்குத் தெரிவிப்பார். உள்ளூர் மக்களுடன் பேருந்துகளில் பயணம் செய்வது மிகவும் இனிமையாகவும் கவர்ச்சிகரமாகவும் இருக்கும். இந்தப் பேருந்துகள் பொதுவாக மிகவும் பழையதாகவும், பழுதடைந்ததாகவும் இருக்கும். '''இருசக்கர''' '''வாடகையுந்து''' இருசக்கர வாடகையுந்துகள் குறிப்பிட்ட சில பிரபலமான சந்திப்புகளில் கூடுகின்றன அல்லது டூட்டில் (Tootle) செயலி மூலமாக அவற்றை அழைக்கலாம். இவை பேருந்துகள் அல்லது மைக்ரோபஸ்களை விட விலை அதிகமானவை, ஆனால் இருக்கும் இடத்திற்கே வந்து பயணிகளை ஏற்றி இறக்குகின்றன. == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == காத்மாண்டுவில் பல சிறந்த அருங்காட்சியகங்களும் கலைக்கூடங்களும் உள்ளன; இவை பெரும்பாலும் நகரின் மையப்பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளன. மேலும், இந்நகரில் ஏராளமான பௌத்த மற்றும் இந்து ஆலயங்கள், மடாலயங்கள் மற்றும் புனிதத் தலங்கள் உள்ளன. குறிப்பாக, பௌத்த மடாலயங்களுக்கு பௌதா (Boudha) மற்றும் ஸ்வயம்பு (Swayambu) ஆகிய இடங்கள் புகழ்பெற்றவை; அதேவேளையில், துர்பார் சதுக்கம் (Durbar Square) இந்து கலாச்சாரத்தின் மையமாகத் திகழ்கிறது. == செய்யுங்கள் == [[File:Pashupatinath (2).jpg|thumb|338x338px|சிவனுக்கு அர்ப்பணிக்கப்பட்ட பசுபதிநாத் இந்து கோயில்]] காத்மாண்டு நகரைப் பொறுத்தவரை, அங்குள்ள அற்புதமான காட்சிகளைக் காண்பது மற்றும் அந்த இடத்தின் சூழலை அனுபவிப்பது ஆகியவற்றைத் தாண்டி, பார்வையாளர்களுக்குச் செய்வதற்கு என்று மட்டுப்படுத்தப்பட்ட செயல்பாடுகளே உள்ளன. '''வானில் சுற்றிப்பார்த்தல்''' மலைகளுக்கான விமானப் பயணங்கள். பெரும்பாலான உள்ளூர் விமான நிறுவனங்கள், காத்மாண்டு விமான நிலையத்திலிருந்து காலை 06:30 முதல் 09:00 மணிக்குள் இமயமலை மீது ஒரு மணி நேர விமானப் பயணத்தை வழங்குகின்றன. இதன் கட்டணம் US$197 ஆகும். பிரபலமான சுற்றுலாப் பருவத்தில் முன்கூட்டியே முன்பதிவு செய்யவும். '''உள்ளூர் மக்களுடன் இணைதல்''' ஃபியூச்சர் நேபாளம் (Future Nepal), காத்மாண்டு, ☏ +977 9849056230, contact@futurenepal.org. 'ஃபியூச்சர் நேபாளம்' என்பது 2002-ஆம் ஆண்டு நேபாளத்தில் நிறுவப்பட்ட, அந்நாட்டின் சமூக நல மன்றம் (Social Welfare Council) பதிவு செய்யப்பட்ட ஒரு தன்னார்வ அமைப்பாகும். இது ஒரு அரசு சாரா, முற்றிலும் இலாப நோக்கமற்ற அமைப்பாகும்; "தன்னார்வத் தொண்டு மூலம் சமூகத்தை மாற்றுதல்" என்ற கொள்கையின் அடிப்படையில் இது செயல்படுகிறது. "நேபாளத்தில் தன்னார்வத் தொண்டு" (Volunteering in Nepal) வாயிலாக நாட்டின் நிலையை மேம்படுத்தவும் மாற்றவும் வேண்டும் என்ற நோக்கத்துடன் இந்த அமைப்பு உருவாக்கப்பட்டது. இதில் உள்ள உறுப்பினர்கள் தன்னார்வப் பணிகளில் ஆழ்ந்த அனுபவம் கொண்டவர்கள் மற்றும் சமூகத்தில் உள்ள பல்வேறு சிக்கல்களை நன்கு அறிந்தவர்கள். தன்னார்வலர்கள் கிராமப்புறப் பள்ளிகள் மற்றும் மடாலயங்களில் ஆங்கிலம் கற்பித்தல், பெண்களை மேம்படுத்துதல், சுகாதார மையங்களில் பணியாற்றுதல், கலாச்சாரப் பரிமாற்றம், இயற்கை விவசாயம், விலங்குகளைப் பராமரித்தல், ஆதரவற்றவர்களின் இல்லங்களில் பணிபுரிதல் போன்ற பல்வேறு செயல்பாடுகளில் ஈடுபடலாம். [[File:Dhading lakhe.jpg|thumb|302x302px|யென்யா திருவிழாவின் போது ஒரு லக்கே (பேய்) நடனக் கலைஞர்.]] '''விழாக்கள்''' காத்மாண்டு மற்றும் தர்பார் சதுக்கம் ஆகியவை நேபாளத்தின் பல திருவிழாக்களுக்கான மைய இடங்களாகும். இத்தகைய விடுமுறை நாட்களில் பல வணிக நிறுவனங்கள் மூடப்பட்டிருக்கும் என்பதையும், பெரும்பாலும் விடுமுறைக்கு முந்தைய மற்றும் பிந்தைய சில நாட்களிலும் அவை மூடப்பட்டிருக்கலாம் என்பதையும் கவனத்தில் கொள்க. குறிப்பாக, அக்டோபர் மாதத்தில் கொண்டாடப்படும் 'தசாய்ன்' (Dasain) பண்டிகையின் போது, ​​நகரின் பெரும்பாலான பகுதிகள் முடங்கிவிடுகின்றன. '''தஷைன்' (Dashain) -''' நேபாளத்தின் மிக முக்கியமான சமயத் திருவிழாவான தஷைன், ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் செப்டம்பர் மற்றும் அக்டோபர் மாதங்களுக்கு இடைப்பட்ட காலத்தில், பதினைந்து நாட்களுக்குக் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது. துர்கா தேவியின் அனைத்து வடிவங்களையும் போற்றும் வகையில் அமையும் இந்தத் திருவிழாவில், விலங்குகளைப் பலியிடும் சடங்குகளும் விருந்துகளும் இடம்பெறுகின்றன. இது குடும்ப மற்றும் சமூக உறவுகளைப் புதுப்பிக்கும் ஒரு நிகழ்வாக விளங்குகிறது. தஷைன் பண்டிகையின் போது காத்மாண்டுவில் வசிக்கும் பலர் தங்கள் சொந்தக் கிராமங்களுக்குத் திரும்புவதால், அந்நகரம் அமைதியான சூழலைப் பெறுகிறது. '''திஹார், ஒளித் திருநாள்''' '''(Tihar, Festival of Lights)''' (தீபாவளி என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது) என்பது கார்த்திகை மாதத்தின் பதினைந்தாம் நாளில், அக்டோபர் மாத இறுதியிலோ அல்லது நவம்பர் மாதத் தொடக்கத்திலோ ஆண்டுதோறும் கொண்டாடப்படும் ஐந்து நாள் பண்டிகையாகும். இந்துக்கள் அனைவரும் இதைக் கொண்டாடும் விதமாக, வீடுகளைச் சுத்தம் செய்தல், விளக்குகள் மற்றும் மெழுகுவர்த்திகளை ஏற்றுதல், பட்டாசுகளை வெடித்தல் போன்ற சடங்குகளைச் செய்கின்றனர். நேபாளத்தில் கொண்டாடப்படும் இந்தத் திருநாள், இந்தியாவில் கொண்டாடப்படுவதைக் காட்டிலும் அதிகக் கலைநயத்துடனும், அதே சமயம் குறைவான வெடிச் சத்தங்களுடனும் காணப்படுகிறது. '''ஹோலி (Holi) -''' மார்ச் மாதத்தில், தண்ணீர் தெளித்தும் வண்ணப் பொடிகளைத் தூவியும் கொண்டாடப்படும் ஹோலி, நல்ல அதிர்ஷ்டத்தைக் குறிப்பதாகவும் அதே சமயம் மிகவும் குழப்பமானதாகவும் கருதப்படுகிறது. விக்ரம் சம்பத்தின் புத்தாண்டு (Bikram Sambat's New Year's) ஏப்ரல் மாதத்தில் புனித யாத்திரைகளின் நாள் (பெரும்பாலும் காத்மாண்டுவிலிருந்து, அதனைப் பட்டானிலிருந்து பிரிக்கும் புனித பாகமதி நதிக்குச் செல்வார்கள்). '''தீஜ் (Teej) -''' பெண்களின் மிக முக்கியமான பண்டிகையான தீஜ், செப்டம்பர் மாதத்தில் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது. இந்நாட்களில், திருமணமான பெண்கள் தங்களின் சிவப்பு நிறத் திருமணப் புடவைகளை அணிந்து ஆண் உறவினர்களைச் சந்திக்கின்றனர். திருமணமாகாத பெண்களும் சிறுமிகளும் இரவு முழுவதும் கண்விழித்து, தங்களின் வருங்காலக் கணவர்களுக்காகக் கொண்டாடிப் பிரார்த்தனை செய்கின்றனர். இந்திர ஜாத்ரா (Indra Jatra)காத்மாண்டுவின் தர்பார் சதுக்கத்தில், ஒவ்வொரு செப்டம்பர் மாதமும் எட்டு நாட்களுக்கு 'இந்திர ஜாத்ரா' அறுவடைத் திருவிழா நடைபெறுகிறது. இந்த விழாவின் போது, ​​குமாரி தேவி அவரது புனிதத் தேரில் ஊர்வலமாக அழைத்து வரப்படுகிறார். '''பழங்குடித் திருவிழாக்கள்''' காத்மாண்டுவின் பூர்வீக இனத்தவரான நேவா மக்கள், ஆண்டு முழுவதும் பல திருவிழாக்களைக் கொண்டாடுகின்றனர். '''மோஹனி நகா''' (Mohani Nakha) – இது 'தஷைன்' (Dashain) பண்டிகையைப் போன்றது, ஆனால் நேவார் மக்களால் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது. '''சகிமான புன்ஹி''' (Sakimana Punhi) – இது விக்ரமி நாட்காட்டியின் கார்த்திகை மாதத்தில் (அக்டோபர் பாதியிலிருந்து நவம்பர் பாதி வரை) வரும் பௌர்ணமி நாளில் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது. '''பாலா சாஹ்ரே''' (Bala Chahre), மாக் மாதத்தின் (ஜனவரி நடுப்பகுதியிலிருந்து பிப்ரவரி நடுப்பகுதி வரை) சதுர்தசி நாளில் (அமாவாசை அல்லது முழு நிலவு (பூர்ணிமா) க்கு முந்தைய நாள்) பால சதுர்தசி என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. யோமரி புன்ஹி (Yomari Punhi), நெவரி பண்டிகை நெல் அறுவடையின் முடிவைக் குறிக்கிறது. டிசி சாஹ்ரே (Disi Chahre) யென்யா புன்ஹி (Yenya Punhi) லுதி புன்ஹி (Lhuti Punhi) சித்தி நாகா (Sithi Nakha) சசும பூஜை (Sasuma Puja) ஸ்வோந்தி நாகா (Swonti Nakha) == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == காத்மாண்டுவில் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கும் நீண்ட காலம் தங்கிப் பயிலும் மாணவர்களுக்கும் பல பாடத்திட்டங்கள் கிடைக்கின்றன. குறிப்பாக, பௌத்த ஆய்வுகளுக்கு பௌதா (Boudha) சிறந்த இடமாகவும், யோகா மற்றும் மசாஜ் பயிற்சிகளுக்கு தாமெல் (Thamel) ஒரு மையமாகவும் திகழ்கின்றன. '''மொழிகள்''' காத்மாண்டுவின் எக்ஸிபிஷன் சாலையில் அமைந்துள்ள பிஷோ பாஷா வளாகம் (சர்வதேச மொழிகளுக்கான வளாகம்), நேபால் மொழி (பாஷா), திபெத்திய, சமஸ்கிருதம் மற்றும் நேபாளி ஆகிய மொழிகளுக்கான பாடத்திட்டங்களை வழங்குகிறது. காத்மாண்டுவின் பூர்வீக மொழியான நேபால் பாஷாவைக் கற்றுக்கொடுக்கும் பல உள்ளூர் கல்வி நிறுவனங்களை நீங்கள் அங்கு காணலாம். == வாங்குங்கள் == தமேலில் பல தானியங்கி பணம் வழங்கும் இயந்திரம் (ஏடிஎம்கள்) உள்ளன; இருப்பினும், அனைத்தும் வெளிநாட்டு அட்டைகளை ஏற்றுக்கொள்வதில்லை. அவ்வாறு ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளும் பெரும்பாலானவை ஒரு பரிவர்த்தனைக்கு ரூ.650 கட்டணம் வசூலிக்கின்றன; கட்டணமில்லா தானியங்கி பணம் வழங்கும் இயந்திரங்கள் (ஏடிஎம்கள்) (1) விமான நிலையத்தில் குடிவரவு சோதனைக்கு முன்பும், (2) தமேலில் உள்ள காத்மாண்டு விருந்தினர் மாளிகையின் நுழைவாயில்களுக்கு உள்ளேயும் மட்டுமே உள்ளன. ஸ்டாண்டர்ட் சார்ட்டர்ட் வங்கி மற்றும் நபில் வங்கி தானியங்கி பணம் வழங்கும் இயந்திரங்களில் (ஏடிஎம்களில்) ஒரு பரிவர்த்தனைக்கு ரூ.35,000 என்ற அதிகபட்ச பணம் எடுக்கும் வரம்பு உள்ளது. அனைத்து கடைகளும் நேபாள ரூபாயை ஏற்றுக்கொள்கின்றன, மேலும் பல கடைகள் அமெரிக்க டாலர் மற்றும் இந்திய ரூபாயையும் ஏற்றுக்கொள்கின்றன. [[File:Old Kathmandu0761.JPG|thumb|அசான் டோலில் உள்ள சந்தை]] வணிக வளாகங்கள் பெரும்பாலும் நகரத்தின் மையப் பகுதியில் காணப்படுகின்றன, அதேசமயம் தமெல் புத்தகக் கடைகளின் இருப்பிடமாக உள்ளது. டி-ஷர்ட்கள், பைகள் மற்றும் ஆடைகளை விற்கும் பாரம்பரியக் கடைகள் நியூ ரோடுக்கும் சேத்ரபதிக்கும் இடையில் அமைந்துள்ளன, அதே சமயம் மதப் பொருட்களை விற்கும் கடைகள் பெரும்பாலும் பௌத்தாவைச் சுற்றியே குவிந்துள்ளன. '''தங்கா (Thangka) பௌத்த ஓவியங்கள்''' - தங்கா என்பது [[நேபாளம்]] முழுவதும் காணப்படும் பாரம்பரிய பௌத்த ஓவியங்களாகும். இவற்றின் விலை மற்றும் தரத்தில் பெரும் வேறுபாடுகள் இருக்கலாம். சிறந்த விற்பனையாளர்கள், நீங்கள் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கும் தங்கா ஓவியத்தின் தோற்றம், அதன் பொருள் மற்றும் வரலாறு குறித்து விளக்கமாக எடுத்துக்கூறுவார்கள். சில கலைக்கூடங்களில், தங்கா ஓவியங்கள் உருவாக்கப்படுவதை நீங்கள் நேரில் பார்க்கலாம். உதாரணமாக, பௌத்தநாத் ஸ்தூபிக்கு (Boudnath Stupa) அருகிலுள்ள ஒரு கலைக்கூடத்தில், தங்கா ஓவியக் கலையைக் கற்றுக்கொள்பவர்கள் பணிபுரிவதைக் காணலாம்; இதன் மூலம், ஒவ்வொரு ஓவியத்திலும் எவ்வளவு நுணுக்கமான விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கப்படுகின்றன என்பதை நீங்கள் அறிந்துகொள்ள முடியும். '''சிலைகள்''' - நேபாளத்தில் கையால் தயாரிக்கப்படும் சிலைகள், குறிப்பாக புத்தர் மற்றும் தாரா போன்ற கடவுள் மற்றும் தெய்வங்களின் உலோகச் சிலைகள் உலகம் முழுவதும் புகழ்பெற்றவை. நேபாளத்தின் படான் (Patan) பகுதியில் இச்சிலைகள் பெருமளவில் தயாரிக்கப்படுகின்றன; இருப்பினும், காத்மாண்டுவின் தாமெல் (Thamel) பகுதியில் இவற்றை விற்பனை செய்யும் பல கடைகளைக் காணலாம். நீங்கள் சிலைகள் தயாரிக்கப்படும் இடத்திற்கு அருகிலேயே சென்று வாங்க விரும்பினால், படான் ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகும். பழங்காலப் பொருட்கள் (antiques) என்று கூறப்படும் பொருட்களை வாங்குவதில் கவனமாக இருக்கவும். 100 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு மேல் பழமையான உண்மையான தொல்பொருட்களை நாட்டிற்கு வெளியே கொண்டு செல்ல நேபாள அரசு அனுமதிப்பதில்லை. எனவே, நீங்கள் வாங்க விரும்பும் பொருளின் பழமை குறித்து உங்களுக்குச் சந்தேகம் இருந்தால், சிக்கல்களைத் தவிர்க்க, தொல்பொருள் துறையிடம் (Department of Archaeology) அதைப் பரிசோதித்துச் சான்றிதழ் பெற்றுக்கொள்வது நல்லது. '''வெள்ளி''' - பேங்காக் நகரைச் சேர்ந்த நகை வியாபாரிகள், இந்தியாவில் பதப்படுத்தப்பட்ட குறைவான வணிக மதிப்புடைய கற்களைக் கொண்டு ஆபரணங்களைத் தயாரிப்பதற்காக, காத்மாண்டுவிற்கு வந்து மொத்த விலையில் வெள்ளியை வாங்குகின்றனர். வெள்ளியின் மொத்த விற்பனை விலை "இமாலயன்" (Himalayan) செய்தித்தாளின் முதல் பக்கத்தில் வெளியிடப்படுகிறது (1 தோலா = 11.6 கிராம்). இதன் மூலம், கூலித் தவிர, அந்த உலோகத்தின் விலையை வாங்குபவர்கள் தெரிந்துகொள்ள முடிகிறது. இங்கு விற்கப்படும் வெள்ளியானது, அதன் மீது முத்திரையிடப்பட்டுள்ளவாறே, ஏறக்குறைய எப்போதும் "92.5%" தூய்மையான 'ஸ்டெர்லிங்' (sterling) தரத்திலேயே காணப்படுகிறது. '''ஆடைகள்''' - காத்மாண்டு, ஆடைகள் வாங்குவதற்கோ அல்லது ஏற்கனவே உள்ள ஆடைகளைப் பழுதுபார்ப்பதற்கோ அல்லது தைத்துக் கொள்வதற்கோ ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகும். காற்றில் ஆடும் ஹிப்பி காஸ் துணிகள், குங்குமப்பூ மற்றும் மெரூன் நிறங்களில் துறவிகளின் ஆடைகள், நவநாகரீக நியான் டிரான்ஸ் உடைகள், சணல் ஆடைகள், பலவிதமான நேர்த்தியான பட்டுத் துணிகள் மற்றும் 'சூட்டிங் மற்றும் ஷர்ட்டிங்' போன்றவை அனைத்துத் தரங்களிலும் விலைகளிலும் கிடைக்கின்றன. தையல்காரர்களை நியாயமான கட்டணத்தில் பணியமர்த்தலாம், மேலும் அவர்களின் வேலையின் தரம் உயர்வாக உள்ளது. கையால் நெய்யப்பட்ட நேபாளத் துணிகளின் விலை ஒரு மீட்டருக்கு ரூ.100-300 ஆகும், மேலும் அவை எண்ணற்ற வடிவங்களிலும் வண்ணங்களிலும் கிடைக்கின்றன. பைகள் முதல் மலையேறும் உபகரணங்கள், காக்டெய்ல் ஆடைகள் வரை எதையும் ஆர்டர் செய்து, கச்சிதமாகத் தைத்துத் கொள்ளலாம். தமேல் மற்றும் தர்பார் சதுக்கத்திற்கு இடையில் உள்ள இந்திரா சௌக்கைச் சுற்றியுள்ள சந்துகளில், தமேலில் உள்ள அவசரமான மற்றும் விலையுயர்ந்த கடைகளை விட வாடிக்கையாளர் திருப்திக்கு அதிக அர்ப்பணிப்புடன் செயல்படும் பல துணிக்கடைகளும் தையல்காரர்களும் உள்ளனர். நியூ ரோடு மற்றும் தர்பார் சதுக்கத்தின் மூலைக்கு அருகில் உள்ள பிஷால் பஜார், ஒரு மால் போன்ற அனுபவத்தைத் தருகிறது, அங்கும் பல துணிக்கடைகளும் தையல்காரர்களும் உள்ளனர். ஒரு இடத்தில் துணியை வாங்கி, மற்றொரு இடத்தில் தைத்துக் கொள்வது ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளத்தக்கது. மேற்கத்திய பாணியிலான ஆண்கள்/பெண்கள் சட்டையைத் தைப்பதற்கு சுமார் 250 ரூபாய் செலவாகும் என எதிர்பார்க்கலாம். தையல்காரர் அதேபோல தைத்துக் கொள்வதற்காக, உங்களிடம் ஏற்கனவே உள்ள ஒரு ஆடையைத் தாராளமாக எடுத்துச் செல்லலாம். எச்சரிக்கை: மலையேற்றப் பாதையில் ஏற்படும் சிரமங்களுக்குப் பிறகு, நீங்கள் உங்கள் இயல்பான உடல் அளவிற்குத் திரும்பும்போது அந்த ஆடைகள் உங்களுக்குப் பொருத்தமாக இருக்க வேண்டுமென்றால், வீட்டில் அணிவதற்காக ஆடைகளைத் தைக்கிறீர்கள் என்றால், மலையேற்றத்திற்குச் செல்வதற்கு முன்பு உங்கள் அளவைச் சரிபார்த்துக் கொள்ளுங்கள். '''பண்பாட்டுப் பொருள்கள்''' - ஏராளமான போலிகள், தந்திரமான விற்பனையாளர்கள், மற்றும் மரம் எனக் காட்டப்படும் பிளாஸ்டிக் பொருள்கள் குறித்து எச்சரிக்கையாக இருங்கள். பெரும்பாலான உண்மையான பழம்பொருள்களை ஏற்றுமதி செய்வது சட்டவிரோதமாகும். உண்மையான பழம்பொருள்கள் கோயில்களில் இருந்து கொள்ளையடிக்கப்பட்டிருக்கலாம். பட்டான் அதன் வெண்கலப் பொருள்களின் தரத்திற்காகப் புகழ்பெற்றது. மேலும் தகவல்களுக்கு, ஜெஃப் கிரீன்வால்ட் எழுதிய "புத்தர் சிலைகளைத் தேடுதல்" (Shopping for Buddhas) என்ற புத்தகத்தைப் படியுங்கள். '''பஷ்மினா''' '''(Pashmina)''' - ஐரோப்பா அல்லது வட அமெரிக்காவில் உள்ளவற்றின் விலையில் ஒரு சிறு பகுதிக்கு, இங்கு ஸ்கார்ஃப்கள் மற்றும் ஷால்களை வாங்கலாம். பட்டானுக்கு வெளியே உள்ள திபெத்திய அகதிகள் முகாம் போன்ற தொண்டு நிறுவனங்களால் தயாரிக்கப்பட்டவற்றைத் தேடுங்கள். ஆனால், போலிகள் சாதாரணமாகக் காணப்படுகின்றன என்பதையும், "பஷ்மினா" என்பது "காஷ்மீர்" அல்ல என்பதையும் நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். '''மின்னணு சாதனங்கள் (Electronics)'''- காத்மாண்டுவில் மின்னணு சாதனங்களுக்கு விற்பனை வரியும் இறக்குமதி வரியும் இல்லாததால், கேமரா அல்லது பிற மின்னணு சாதனங்களை வாங்குவதற்கு இது ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. தாமெல் (Thamel) பகுதியிலும், நியூ ரோடு (New Road) சுற்றுப்புறத்திலும் இதற்கான கடைகள் உள்ளன. == உண்ணுங்கள் == [[File:Momo101.jpg|thumb|மோமோ, ஒரு வகை மாவு உருண்டை( டம்பிளிங்)]] காத்மாண்டுவின் மிக முக்கியமான உணவு, அங்குள்ள பழங்குடி நேவா உணவாக இருக்கலாம். நூற்றுக்கணக்கான பாரம்பரிய நேவா உணவு வகைகள் உள்ளன, அவற்றை பட்டி (உள்ளூர் உணவகங்கள்) அல்லது சிற்றுண்டிச்சாலைகளில் காணலாம். காத்மாண்டுவில் மிகவும் பிரபலமான உணவு 'மோமோ' (momo) ஆகும். இது திபெத் மற்றும் சீனாவைப் பூர்வீகமாகக் கொண்ட ஒரு வகை மாவு உருண்டை (டம்பிளிங் dumpling) உணவாகும். இவை வேகவைக்கப்பட்டோ அல்லது பொரிக்கப்பட்டோ கிடைக்கின்றன; இவற்றிற்குள் எருமை இறைச்சி, கோழி இறைச்சி அல்லது காய்கறிகளை நிரப்பலாம். இடத்தைப் பொறுத்தும், உள்ளே நிரப்பப்படும் பொருளைப் பொறுத்தும் விலை மாறுபடலாம்; இருப்பினும், ஒரு டஜன் மோமோக்களுக்கு சுமார் 150 முதல் 250 ரூபாய் வரை செலவாகும் என்று எதிர்பார்க்கலாம். பாரம்பரிய நேவாரி (Newari) மற்றும் திபெத்திய உணவுகளைச் சுவைப்பதற்கும் காத்மாண்டு ஒரு சிறந்த இடமாகும். ஒரு நேபாள பிற்பகல் உணவில் பொதுவாக சாதம், பருப்பு, காய்கறி/இறைச்சிக் குழம்பு, ஒரு காய்கறி உணவு, ஊறுகாய் மற்றும் தயிர் ஆகியவை அடங்கும். சுற்றுலாத் தலங்களில் சுமார் 140-280 நேபாள ரூபாய் வரை செலவாகும், உள்ளூர் இடங்களில் இதைவிட மிகக் குறைவாகவே இருக்கும். இந்திய சாய் போன்ற, பால் மற்றும் மசாலா கலந்த தேநீரான சியா, எல்லா இடங்களிலும் பரவலாகக் கிடைக்கிறது; இது மன அழுத்தத்தைக் குறைத்து இளைப்பாற ஒரு நல்ல இடைவேளைக்கு ஏற்றது. [[File:Sel Roti.jpg|thumb|309x309px|செல் ரொட்டி (Sel roti) – நேபாளத்தில் பாரம்பரியமாக வீடுகளில் தயாரிக்கப்படும், இனிப்புச் சுவையுடைய, வளைய வடிவிலான அரிசி ரொட்டி (அல்லது டோனட் போன்ற உணவு).]] சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளை ஈர்க்கும் பெரும்பாலான உணவகங்கள், விலைப் பட்டியல் (மெனுவில்) குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள விலைகளுடன் 10% சேவை கட்டணத்தையும், அதன் மேல் 13% மதிப்புக் கூட்டு வரியையும் (VAT) (மொத்தம் 24.5%) சேர்ப்பதைக் கவனத்தில் கொள்க. இத்தகைய கூடுதல் கட்டணங்கள் மெனுவில் தெளிவாகக் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டிருக்க வேண்டும் என்பதை நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். தமேல் பகுதியில் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கான உணவகங்கள் பல உள்ளன; அங்கு மத்திய கிழக்கு உணவுகள் முதல் மெக்சிகன் உணவுகள் வரை அனைத்தும் கிடைக்கின்றன. இதில் இந்திய மற்றும் நேபாள உணவுகள் மிகவும் அசல் சுவையுடனும், கட்டுப்படியாகக்கூடிய விலையிலும் கிடைக்கின்றன. == பருகுங்கள் == '''குளம்பி- காபி (Coffee)''' சமீப காலங்களில், காபி கலாச்சாரம் காத்மாண்டுவில் பெரும் தாக்கத்தை ஏற்படுத்தியுள்ளது. எஸ்பிரெசோ அடிப்படையிலான காபிகளை வழங்கும் கஃபேக்கள் இனி சுற்றுலாப் பகுதிகளுக்கு மட்டும் மட்டுப்படுத்தப்படவில்லை, மாறாக நகரம் முழுவதும் காணப்படுகின்றன. நேபாளத்தின் காபி உலகில் ஹிமாலயன் ஜாவா ஒரு முக்கிய பங்கு வகிக்கிறது, மேலும் அவர்களின் நேர்த்தியான கஃபேக்கள் சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் மற்றும் உள்ளூர்வாசிகள் என இருபாலரிடத்திலும் பிரபலமாக உள்ளன. '''மதுபானம் - (Alcohol)''' உள்ளூர் நேவா அரிசி மதுவான 'தோன்' மற்றும் மதுபானமான 'அயேலா' ஆகியவை உள்ளூர் உணவகங்களில் கிடைக்கின்றன. ஏறக்குறைய ஒவ்வொரு மதுக்கூடம் மற்றும் உணவகத்திலும் பீர் மற்றும் கலப்பு பானங்கள் கிடைக்கின்றன. ஒரு விரைவான பானம் மற்றும் மலிவான கலாச்சார அனுபவத்திற்கு, உள்ளூர் 'நேபாள ஒயின்' (ராக்ஸி) அல்லது 'நேபாள பீர்' (சாங்) ஆகியவற்றை முயற்சித்துப் பாருங்கள்; இவை இரண்டுமே அவற்றின் பெயர்களைப் போல சுவைப்பதில்லை. கோர்க்கா பீர், எவரெஸ்ட் பீர், நேபால் ஐஸ், சான் மிகுவல், கார்ல்ஸ்பெர்க் மற்றும் டூபோர்க் பீர் ஆகியவை காத்மாண்டுவில் பரிமாறப்படும் முக்கிய பாரம்பரிய பீர்கள் ஆகும். இறக்குமதி செய்யப்பட்ட பீர்களை விட உள்ளூர் பீர்கள் அதிக நம்பகத்தன்மை கொண்டவையாக இருக்கின்றன. == உறங்குங்கள் == காத்மாண்டுவில் உள்ள தங்குமிடப் பட்டியல்களுக்கு 'மாவட்டம்' தொடர்பான கட்டுரைகளைப் பார்க்கவும். கிட்டத்தட்ட அனைத்து சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கான தங்குமிடங்களும் தமேலில்தான் உள்ளன, இருப்பினும் பௌத்தாவைச் சுற்றியும் சில நல்ல சலுகைகள் கிடைக்கின்றன. உயர்தர தங்குமிடங்கள் பொதுவாக காத்மாண்டுவின் மையப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ளன. ஃப்ரீக் தெருவில் சில விருந்தினர் இல்லங்களும் உள்ளன; அவை தமேலில் உள்ளவற்றை விடப் பொலிவிழந்து காணப்பட்டாலும், பொதுவாக விலை மலிவானவையாக இருக்கும். வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க நேவா (Newa) நகரங்களில் பல தங்குமிடங்களைக் (homestays) கண்டறியலாம்; அங்கு நீங்கள் பாரம்பரிய நேவா வீடுகளில் வசிக்க முடியும். தெருவில் யாராவது உங்களை ஒரு தங்குமிடங்களுக்கு அழைத்துச் சென்றால், அவர்கள் அந்த தங்குமிடங்கலிலிருந்து தரகு (கமிஷன்) பெறுவார்கள் என்பதையும், அந்தத் தொகை நீங்கள் செலுத்தும் கட்டணத்திலேயே அடங்கியிருக்கும் என்பதையும் நினைவில் கொள்ளுங்கள். நீங்களாகவே ஒரு இடத்தைத் தேடிக்கொள்வது சிறந்தது. == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == கனடிய தூதரக விவகாரங்கள், ஐக்கிய ராச்சியத்தின் வெளியுறவு மற்றும் காமன்வெல்த் அலுவலகம், மற்றும் அமெரிக்க வெளியுறவுத் துறை ஆகியவை பயண ஆலோசனைகளை வழங்குகின்றன. நேபாளம் பயணம் செய்வதற்குப் பாதுகாப்பானது, ஆனால் எச்சரிக்கையுடன் இருக்க வேண்டும். சுமார் 2006-ல் மாவோயிஸ்டுகள் அரசாங்கத்தில் இணைந்த பிறகு, நேபாளம் ஒப்பீட்டளவில் அமைதியாகவும் மேலும் நிலையானதாகவும் மாறியது. இருப்பினும், பார்வையாளர்கள் பொது ஆர்ப்பாட்டங்களைத் தவிர்க்க வேண்டும், மேலும் வந்தவுடன் தங்கள் தூதரகத்தில் பதிவு செய்துகொள்ள விரும்பலாம். சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் அரசியல் ரீதியாகத் தூண்டப்பட்ட வன்முறையால் நேரடியாகக் குறிவைக்கப்படவில்லை என்றாலும், தவறான நேரத்தில் தவறான இடத்தில் இருக்க வாய்ப்புள்ளது. உள்ளூரில் பந்த் அல்லது பந்தா என்று அழைக்கப்படும், அவ்வப்போது நடத்தப்படும் தொடர்ச்சியான வேலைநிறுத்தங்கள், பெரும்பாலான சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகளுக்கு ஒரு பெரிய சிரமத்தை ஏற்படுத்துகின்றன, ஏனெனில் அனைத்துப் போக்குவரத்தும் நின்றுவிடுகிறது, மேலும் பல கடைகள் மற்றும் உணவகங்கள் மூடப்படுகின்றன. நவம்பர் 2013-ல் நடந்த அரசியலமைப்புச் சபை தேர்தலுக்கு முந்தைய 10 நாள் காலகட்டத்தில், பெரும்பாலான நேரங்களில் மிகக் குறைவான பொதுப் பேருந்துகளே இயக்கப்பட்டன, எனவே ஒரு மலையேற்றப் பாதையின் தொடக்கத்திற்கு உடனடியாகச் செல்வது மிகவும் கடினமாக இருந்தது. செய்திகளையும் அரசாங்கத்தின் எச்சரிக்கைகளையும் கவனிப்பது முக்கியம். காத்மாண்டுவிலிருந்து புறப்படுவதற்கு முன், தற்போதைய சாலை நிலவரங்களைச் சரிபார்த்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள். ஏப்ரல் 2010 நிலவரப்படி, கிழக்கு தெராய் (Eastern Terai) பகுதி வழியாக மேற்கொள்ளப்படும் நீண்ட தூர பேருந்து பயணங்களைத் தவிர்ப்பது நல்லது என்று கருதப்பட்டது; ஏனெனில் அப்பகுதியில் மாவோயிச நடவடிக்கைகளுக்கான அபாயம் இருந்தது. நிலைமை தற்போது மேம்பட்டிருப்பதாகத் தோன்றினாலும், நவம்பர் 2013 தேர்தலுக்கு முன்னும் பின்னும் ஏற்பட்ட சிக்கல்கள், மீண்டும் ஒருவித உறுதியற்ற சூழல் உருவாகக்கூடும் என்பதைக் குறிக்கலாம். இது காலப்போக்கில்தான் தெரியவரும். முன்னதாக, மாவோயிஸ்டுகள் பேருந்துகளை நிறுத்தி, பயணிகளை இறங்க அனுமதித்த பிறகு, அந்தப் பேருந்துகளுக்குத் தீ வைத்த சம்பவங்கள் குறித்து செய்திகள் வந்திருந்தன. திட்டமிடப்பட்ட வேலைநிறுத்தங்கள் (பந்த்) குறித்த முன்னெச்சரிக்கை தகவல்களைத் தெரிந்துகொள்ள தினசரி செய்தித்தாள்களைப் பாருங்கள்; அத்தகைய நேரங்களில் நகரின் முக்கிய சாலைகளிலிருந்து விலகி இருப்பது நல்லது. காத்மாண்டுவில் இருக்கும்போது, ​​உங்கள் உடைமைகளின் மீது எப்போதும் கவனமாக இருங்கள். வன்முறைச் குற்றங்கள் அரிதானவை என்றாலும், மக்கள் நடமாட்டம் மிகுந்த இடங்களில் திருட்டு (பிக்பாக்கெட்) சம்பவங்கள் நடக்கக்கூடும். உங்கள் தங்குமிடங்கள் அறையின் கதவில் முறையான பூட்டு இல்லையென்றால் அல்லது ஜன்னல்கள் பாதுகாப்பற்றதாக இருந்தால், உங்கள் மதிப்புமிக்க பொருட்களை எப்போதும் உங்களுடனேயே வைத்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள் அல்லது தங்குமிடங்கலில் உள்ள பாதுகாப்பு பெட்டகத்தில் (safe deposit box) வைத்துவிடுங்கள். எந்தவொரு பெரிய நகரத்தையும் போலவே, வெளிச்சம் இல்லாத இடங்களில் தனியாக நடப்பதைத் தவிர்க்கவும். தெருக்களில் முன்பின் தெரியாத நபர்கள் உங்களை நடன மதுக்கூடங்களுக்கு அழைத்துச் செல்வதாகக் கூறி உதவி கேட்பதைத் தவிர்க்கவும். இந்த நடன மதுக்கூடங்களுக்குள் சென்ற சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் ஏமாற்றப்பட்ட பல சம்பவங்கள் நடந்துள்ளன. == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == '''காற்றின் தரம்''' -2015 ஆம் ஆண்டு ஏற்பட்ட நிலநடுக்கத்திற்குப் பிறகு, காத்மாண்டுவில், குறிப்பாக சுற்றுச் சாலையைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பகுதிகளில் காற்றின் தரம் மிகவும் மோசமாக உள்ளது. தூசிக்காக முகக்கவசம் வாங்குவது அறிவுறுத்தப்படுகிறது. '''குடிநீர்'''-காத்மாண்டுவில் உள்ள நீர் உயிருக்கு ஆபத்தானது மற்றும் தண்ணீரால் பரவும் நோய்கள் நிறைந்துள்ளன. எந்தச் சூழலிலும் குழாய்த் தண்ணீரைப் பருகாதீர்கள், தரம் குறைந்த சாலடுகள் அல்லது ஐஸ் கட்டிகளை உட்கொள்ளாதீர்கள். அவற்றைச் தயாரிப்பதற்குப் பயன்படுத்தப்பட்ட நீர் வடிகட்டப்பட்டு, கொதிக்கவைக்கப்பட்டது என்பதை உறுதிப்படுத்திக்கொள்ள முடியாவிட்டால், அவற்றைத் தவிர்ப்பதே நல்லது. மேலும், பல் துலக்குவதற்கு வடிகட்டி கொதிக்கவைக்கப்பட்ட நீரையே பயன்படுத்துங்கள்; குளிக்கும்போது தண்ணீர் வாய்க்குள் செல்லாமல் பார்த்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள். காத்மாண்டுவில் உள்ள தனியார் வீடுகள் அல்லது உயர்தர தங்கும் விடுதிகளில் நிலைமை சற்று மாறுபடலாம். கவலைக்குரிய விஷயம் என்னவென்றால், பாட்டிலில் அடைக்கப்பட்ட நீரை விற்கும் சில நிறுவனங்கள் குறைந்தபட்ச பாதுகாப்புத் தரங்களைக் கூடப் பின்பற்றுவதில்லை; எனவே, பெரிய கடைகளில் இருந்து தண்ணீரை வாங்குங்கள். உள்ளூர் உணவகங்களில் பெரிய (கேலன்) அளவிலான தண்ணீர் பாட்டில்கள் பயன்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன, ஆனால் அவை மீண்டும் நிரப்பப்பட்டிருக்க வாய்ப்பில்லை என்பதற்கு எந்த உத்தரவாதமும் இல்லை. '''உணவு''' மாசுபட்டிருக்கக்கூடும் என்பதால், பெரிய மற்றும் தரமான உணவகங்களில் மட்டுமே உணவருந்துமாறு சிலர் பரிந்துரைக்கின்றனர். உள்ளூர் கடைகளில் போலியான மற்றும் காலாவதியான உணவுப் பொருட்கள் மற்றும் சிகரெட்டுகள் பரவலாகக் காணப்படுகின்றன; எனவே, பொருட்களை வாங்குவதற்கு முன் அவற்றின் காலாவதி தேதியைச் சரிபார்க்கவும். '''வீட்டில் தயாரிக்கப்படும் மதுபானங்களில்''' (சாங், ரோக்ஸி, த்ரீ பன்னி ரோக்ஸி, துங்‌பா போன்றவை) மெத்தனால் இருக்கலாம் என்பதால், அவற்றை அருந்துவது பரிந்துரைக்கப்படுவதில்லை; இவற்றை அதிக அளவில் உட்கொள்வது மிகவும் விவேகமற்ற செயலாகும். காத்மாண்டுவிற்கு வருவதற்கு முன்னர் ரேபிஸ், டெட்டனஸ், டைபாய்டு மற்றும் ஹெபடைடிஸ் தடுப்பூசிகள் பரிந்துரைக்கப்படுகின்றன, மேலும் இவற்றை முழுமையாகப் போட்டு முடிக்க பல மாதங்கள் ஆகலாம். நீங்கள் காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கிற்கு வெளியே, தெராய் பகுதியின் தாழ்நிலங்களை நோக்கிப் பயணிக்கத் திட்டமிட்டால், ஜப்பானிய மூளை அழற்சி போன்ற தொற்று நோய்களுக்கு எதிராகத் தடுப்பூசி போட்டுக்கொள்ள வேண்டும். நீங்கள் மலேரியா தடுப்பு மருந்தை எடுத்துக்கொள்ள விரும்பலாம். நேபாளத்திற்கான நோய்த்தடுப்பு ஆலோசனையைப் பார்க்கவும். '''விலங்குகள்''' -வௌவால்கள் மற்றும் குரங்குகள், (குரங்குகள் கோயில் (சுயம்புநாத்தில்) உள்ளவை போன்ற பால்வெறு விலங்குகள், ரேபிஸ் (வெறிநாய்க்கடி நோய்) மற்றும் பிற நோய்களைப் பரப்பும் ஊடகங்களாக இருக்கலாம். நேபாளத்திற்கு வருவதற்கு முன்பே நீங்கள் ரேபிஸ் தடுப்பூசி போட்டிருந்தாலும், ஏதேனும் ஒரு விலங்கின் கடிக்கு உள்ளானால், தொற்று ஏற்படுவதைத் தடுக்க மீண்டும் சிகிச்சை பெறுவது அவசியமாகும். ஏதேனும் ஒரு விலங்கு உங்களைக் கடித்தால், உடனடியாக ஒரு மருத்துவமனைக்குச் சென்று சிகிச்சை பெற்றுக்கொள்ள வேண்டும். நேபாளத்தில் பறவைக் காய்ச்சல் (avian influenza) பாதிப்புகள் இதுவரை கண்டறியப்படவில்லை என்றாலும், அண்டை நாடுகளில் இது உறுதிப்படுத்தப்பட்டுள்ளது. சந்தைகளிலும் வீடுகளிலும் பறவைகள் மனிதர்களுக்கு மிக அருகிலேயே வாழ்கின்றன. == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == புனித தலங்களுக்கு அருகில்: தளத்தின் புனித தன்மைக்கு மரியாதையை வெளிப்படுத்தும் ஆடைகளை அணியுங்கள். கோவில் கட்டிடங்கள் மற்றும் சில கடைகளுக்குள் நுழையும் முன் உங்கள் காலணிகளை கழற்றவும். உள்ளூர் மக்களின் வழியைப் பின்பற்றுங்கள். ஸ்தூபி மற்றும் பிற புனித பொருட்களை கடிகார திசையில் சுற்றி வரவும். அமைதியையும் அமைதியையும் காப்பாற்றுங்கள். சிலைகள் அல்லது பிற புனிதப் பொருட்களின் மீது ஏறாதீர்கள். == அருகிலுள்ளவை == '''சாங்குநாராயண் (Changunarayan)''' என்பது ஒரு சிறிய கிராமம். இங்கு பழமையான சாங்கு நாராயண் கோயில் அமைந்துள்ளது; இது யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியத் தளமான காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கின் ஒரு பகுதியாகும். பொதுப் பேருந்து மூலம் சாங்குநாராயண் செல்லும் பாதையின் தொடக்கப் புள்ளி வரை சென்று, அங்கிருந்து அரை மணி நேரம் மலை மீது நடைப்பயணமாகச் சென்றால் கோயிலை அடையலாம். '''காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கு''' (நேப பள்ளத்தாக்கு) பல புனிதத் தலங்களுக்கும் வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்புமிக்க நகரங்களுக்கும் இருப்பிடமாக உள்ளது. '''பதான் என்கிற லலித்பூர்''' -நேபாளத்தின் மிகப்பெரிய நகரங்களில் ஒன்றான படான் (இது லலித்பூர் அல்லது உள்ளூர் மொழியில் 'யாலா' என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது), தமெலிலிருந்து தெற்கே 7 கி.மீ தொலைவில், பாக்மதி ஆற்றின் மறுபுறம் அமைந்துள்ளது. இங்குள்ள 'படான் தர்பார் சதுக்கம்' (Patan Durbar Square) யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியச் சின்னமாகும்; இது பல கோயில்கள், சிலைகள் மற்றும் அரண்மனைகளைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. மேலும், இங்குள்ள 'படான் அருங்காட்சியகம்' (Patan Museum) கண்டிப்பாகப் பார்க்க வேண்டிய இடமாகும். '''கீர்த்திபூர்''' (உள்ளூர் மொழியில் 'கிபூ' என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது) காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கின் மிகப் பழமையான குடியிருப்புகளில் ஒன்றாகும். இது படானுக்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ளது. '''பக்தபூர், குவோபா''' (இயற்பெயர்) '''மத்யபூர் திமி''' '''கோனா (Khona)''' என்பது பள்ளத்தாக்கின் தெற்குப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு நேவா (Newa) நகரமாகும். லாகன்க்யோ (Lagankhyo - உள்ளூர் பெயர்) அல்லது லாகன்கேல் (Lagankhel) என்ற இடத்திலிருந்து நீங்கள் பேருந்து மூலம் அங்கு செல்லலாம். '''புங்கா (Bunga)''' என்பது பள்ளத்தாக்கின் தெற்குப் பகுதியில், கோனா (Khona) நகருக்கு அருகில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு நேவா (Newa) நகரமாகும். நீங்கள் லகன்க்யோ (Lagankhyo - உள்ளூர் பெயர்) அல்லது லகன்கேல் (Lagankhel) என்ற இடத்திலிருந்து பேருந்து மூலம் அங்கு செல்லலாம். '''பௌத்த புனிதத் தலங்கள்''' '''ஸ்வயம்பு''' '''(Swayambu)'''-(காத்மாண்டுவின் 7 கிமீ NE) இல் குறைந்தது 29 புத்த மடாலயங்கள் மற்றும் கன்னியாஸ்திரிகள் மற்றும் உலகின் மிகப்பெரிய பௌத்த ஸ்தூபிகளில் ஒன்றான பௌதா ஸ்தூபம், யுனெஸ்கோவின் உலக பாரம்பரிய தளமாகும், இது கிபி 5 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் கட்டப்பட்டது. '''நமோ புத்த''' '''(Namo Buddha)'''-நேபாளத்தில் உள்ள மிக முக்கியமான பௌத்த யாத்திரைத் தலங்களில் ஒன்றாகவும், உலகின் மிகப்புனிதமான இடங்களுள் ஒன்றாகவும் 'நமோ புத்த' (Namo Buddha) விளங்குகிறது. முற்பிறவி ஒன்றில் இளவரசராக இருந்த புத்தர், பசியால் வாடிய புலி ஒன்றிற்கும் அதன் குட்டிகளுக்கும் தனது உடலையே உணவாக வழங்கிய இடமாக இது அறியப்படுகிறது. '''ஃபார்பிங் (Pharping)'''-ஒரு மணி நேரத் தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ள பௌத்த புனிதத் தலமான ஃபார்பிங்கில், குகை மற்றும் பிற எச்சங்கள் உள்ளன. '''சிவபுரி மலை(Shivapuri Hill)''' -காத்மாண்டுக்கு வடக்கே 20 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ள சிவபுரி மலை மற்றும் பிஷ்ணு முஹான் (Bishnu Muhan) ஆகிய இடங்களில், பிஷ்ணுமதி ஆறு உற்பத்தியாகும் ஒரு சிறிய நீரூற்று உள்ளது. சிவபுரி ஹைட்ஸ் காட்டேஜில் (Shivapuri Heights Cottage) ஒரு இரவு தங்குங்கள். '''நாகர்கோட் (Nagarkot)''' -காத்மாண்டுவில் இருந்து 30 கிமீ E, உயரம்: 2,000 மீ, சில ஓய்வு மற்றும் வெளிப்புற நடவடிக்கைகளுக்காக பரபரப்பான தலைநகரில் இருந்து விரைவாக வெளியேறுவதற்கான இடமாகும். சூரிய உதயத்தைப் பார்க்க இது ஒரு சிறந்த இடம், பயணத்தின் கடைசி 5 கிமீ குறுகியது, சாலையில் நிறைய வளைவுகள் உள்ளன, நீங்கள் உணர்திறன் உடையவராக இருந்தால் கார்-நோய் ஏற்பட வாய்ப்புள்ளது. '''துலிகேல் (Dhulikhel)''' - காத்மாண்டுவிலிருந்து 30 கி.மீ தென்கிழக்கில் அமைந்துள்ள துலிகேல் கிராமம், அதன் தெருக்களில் சுற்றித் திரிவதற்கும், சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் அதிகம் வராத நேபாள வாழ்வின் பக்கத்தைக் காண்பதற்கும் ஒரு இனிமையான, அமைதியான சூழலை வழங்குகிறது. துலிகேல் லாட்ஜ் ரிசார்ட் மற்றும் ஸ்கை கார்டன் ரிசார்ட் ஆகியவை மதிய உணவு அருந்துவதற்கும், மலைகளின் காட்சியைக் கண்டு ரசிப்பதற்கும் சிறந்த இடங்களாகும். '''சாங்குநாராயண்(Changunarayan)''' -காத்மாண்டுக்கு கிழக்கே 20 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது, என்பது ஒரு சிறிய கிராமமாகும். இங்கு பழமையான சாங்கு நாராயண் கோயில் அமைந்துள்ளது; இது யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரியத் தளமான காத்மாண்டு பள்ளத்தாக்கின் ஒரு பகுதியாகும். '''பனௌதி (Panauti)''' - காத்மாண்டுக்குத் தென்கிழக்கே 32 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது, நேபாளத்தின் மிகப் பழமையான நகரங்களில் ஒன்றாகும்; இங்கு 15-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு அல்லது அதற்கு முந்தைய காலத்தைச் சேர்ந்த பல கோயில்கள் உள்ளன. '''காகனி (Kakani)'''- காத்மாண்டுக்குத் தென்கிழக்கே 30 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ளது, என்பது 8,000 மக்கள் வசிக்கும் ஒரு குடியிருப்புப் பகுதியாகும்; இது செம்புற்றுப்பழம் (ஸ்ட்ராபெர்ரி) பண்ணைகளுக்குப் பெயர் பெற்றது. == அடுத்த இலக்கு == '''போக்காரா''' '''(Pokhara) -''' பேருந்தில் 5–8 மணிநேரப் பயணம் அல்லது விமானத்தில் 40 நிமிடப் பயணம், போக்காரா என்பது ஃபேவா ஏரிக்கரையில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு அழகான சிறிய நகரமாகும். பல சுற்றுலாப் பயணிகள் இதனை மலையேற்றம் மற்றும் சாகச விளையாட்டுகளுக்கான மையமாகப் பயன்படுத்துகின்றனர். பயணிகளிடையே மிகவும் பிரபலமான இந்த நகரத்தில், துடிப்பான நேரலை இசை நிகழ்ச்சிகளும் ஏராளமாக நடைபெறுகின்றன. ஜமால் பேருந்து நிலையத்திலிருந்து தினமும் காலை 07:00 மணிக்கு (காலை 06:00 மணிக்கே அங்கு சென்றுவிடுவது நல்லது) சுற்றுலாப் பேருந்துகள் புறப்படுகின்றன. பேருந்து ஓட்டுநரிடமே ₹600-க்கு டிக்கெட் வாங்கிக்கொள்ளலாம். போக்குவரத்து நெரிசலைப் பொறுத்து, பிற்பகல் 14:00 மணிக்குள் போக்காராவைச் சென்றடையலாம். பேருந்துகளில் எப்போதும் இருக்கைகள் கிடைப்பதால், பயண முகவர்களிடம் முன்கூட்டியே முன்பதிவு செய்ய வேண்டிய அவசியமில்லை; அவர்கள் பொதுவாகக் கூடுதல் கட்டணமாகக் குறைந்தது ₹700 வரை வசூலிக்கக்கூடும். '''சித்வான் தேசிய பூங்கா (Chitwan National Park )'''- யானை சவாரிகள், காண்டாமிருகங்கள் மற்றும் புலிகளைக் காணும் வாய்ப்பு, மற்றும் காட்டு நடைப்பயணங்கள் என சஃபாரிகளுக்குப் பெயர் பெற்ற ஒரு இடமாகும். '''கும்பு (Khumbu)''' - எவரெஸ்ட் சிகரத்திற்கு அருகிலுள்ள கும்பு பகுதியை அடைய, காத்மாண்டுவிலிருந்து லுக்லாவிற்கு 30 நிமிட விமானப் பயணம் மேற்கொள்ள வேண்டும். இப்பகுதியில் பனி மூடிய சிகரங்களையும், மலைக் கிராமங்களையும், திபெத்திலிருந்து மலைக் கணவாய்கள் வழியாகப் பொருட்களைச் சுமந்து வரும் யாக் (yak) விலங்குகளின் கூட்டங்களையும் காணலாம். '''சிலிகுரி (Siliguri)''' -காத்மாண்டுவிலிருந்து (ஸ்வயம்பு) சிலிகுரிக்கு (டென்சிங் நோர்கே பேருந்து நிலையம்) 'கிரீன் லைன் பஸ் சர்வீஸ்' (Green Line Bus Service) நிறுவனம் தினமும் இரவு நேர குளிரூட்டப்பட்ட சொகுசுப் பேருந்து (ஏசி வோல்வோ) சேவையை வழங்குகிறது. இந்தப் பேருந்து பிற்பகல் 3 மணிக்குக் புறப்பட்டு, மறுநாள் காலை 8:30 மணிக்குச் சென்றடைகிறது. கட்டணம் 3,200 நேபாள ரூபாய்கள் (Nrs). ஸ்வயம்பு பேருந்து நிலையம், ஸ்வயம்பு பகுதியின் பின்புறம், படிக்கட்டுகளுக்கு இடதுபுறம் சுமார் 100 மீட்டர் தொலைவில் அமைந்துள்ளது (ரிங் ரோட்டை நோக்கி நிற்கும் நிலையில்). பேருந்து, பயணச்சீட்டு அலுவலகத்திற்கு முன்பக்கத்திலிருந்து புறப்படுகிறது. சிலிகுரியில் உள்ள நேபாள-இந்திய எல்லை, பெருந்தொற்று காலத்திற்குப் பிறகு பூட்டான், இந்தியா மற்றும் நேபாள நாட்டு கடவுச்சீட்டு (பாஸ்போர்ட்) வைத்திருப்பவர்களுக்கு மட்டுமே அனுமதிக்கப்பட்டிருந்தது; தற்போது, ​​முறையான நுழைவு இசைவு (விசா) வைத்திருக்கும் அனைத்து நாட்டு கடவுச்சீட்டுதாரர்களுக்கும் இந்த எல்லை திறந்துவிடப்பட்டுள்ளது. (மே 2025-ல் புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்டது) c7wzzolnfm9hc7dthvb39dude3ykhsv 10 3826789 7374348 7374092 2026-10-25T18:49:57Z ~2026-56905-08 2719960 7374348 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude><templatestyles src=" Template:Wp/sty/Header/styles.css" /></noinclude> <templatestyles src=" Template:Wp/sty/Header/styles.css" /> <div class="main-block main-top"> <div class="main-top-left"> <h1 class="main-top-header">Ҡуш килтегес!</h1> Cебер Википедия <div class="main-top-mobileSearch"><span class="main-top-mobileSearchButton skin-minerva-search-trigger">[[Special:Search|Искать среди {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} {{plural:{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}|статьи|статей}}]]</span></div> </div> <div class="main-top-right main-plainlist" style="white-space: nowrap;"> <p class="main-top-articleCount" style="margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">'''Пөгөн Себер Википедията&nbsp;{{Wp/sty/NUMBEROFARTICLES}}&nbsp;{{plural:{{Wp/sty/NUMBEROFARTICLES}}|статья|статьялар}} пар'''</span></p> {{#tag:inputbox| type=create buttonlabel=Статья йасҡалы placeholder=Статьяның исеме... width=15 break=no }} </div> </div> ngeaikuv61m9yh5fk4lqyu4s5p0ix43 7374349 7374348 2026-10-25T18:50:15Z ~2026-56905-08 2719960 7374349 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude><templatestyles src=" Template:Wp/sty/Header/styles.css" /></noinclude> <templatestyles src=" Template:Wp/sty/Header/styles.css" /> <div class="main-block main-top"> <div class="main-top-left"> <h1 class="main-top-header">Ҡуш килтегес!</h1> Cебер Википедия <div class="main-top-mobileSearch"><span class="main-top-mobileSearchButton skin-minerva-search-trigger">[[Special:Search|Искать среди {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} {{plural:{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}|статьи|статей}}]]</span></div> </div> <div class="main-top-right main-plainlist" style="white-space: nowrap;"> <p class="main-top-articleCount" style="margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">'''Пөгөн Себер Википедията&nbsp;{{Wp/sty/NUMBEROFARTICLES}}&nbsp;{{plural:{{Wp/sty/NUMBEROFARTICLES}}|статья}} пар'''</span></p> {{#tag:inputbox| type=create buttonlabel=Статья йасҡалы placeholder=Статьяның исеме... width=15 break=no }} </div> </div> gniecall6t96ws4tufr42z0ojsknrl6 10 3826932 7374350 7373271 2026-10-25T18:53:15Z ~2026-56905-08 2719960 7374350 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6); backdrop-filter: blur(10px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px); border: 1px solid rgba(200, 204, 209, 0.5); border-radius: 10px; padding: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02); font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #202122;"><div style="background: linear-gradient(to right, #dae6f6 0%, #dae6f6 70%, rgba(218, 230, 246, 0.4) 90%, rgba(218, 230, 246, 0) 100%); border-radius: 20px 0 0 20px; display: table; width: 100%; height: 26px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: -4px; margin-bottom: 16px;"><div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 24px; padding-left: 8px;">[[File:Featured article star.svg|18px|link=]]</div><div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 6px; padding-right: 8px; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: bold; color: #000000; line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">{{{заголовок|Сайланҡан мәҡәлә}}}</div></div><div style="display: flow-root; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.6; text-align: justify;">[[File:Trüsche Walchensee.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Ҡурты палыҡ]] '''Ҡурты палыҡ''' — таса сыута йәшәйтеген палыҡ, төптә йөсөп йөрөйтө. Таса сыуның пашҡа палыҡлары ҡышҡылыҡ йоҡласалар, ҡурты палыҡ у уаҡытны иңере йөрөй пашлайты. Йәйгелек це сыуның температурасы әр күтәрелгән градусҡа 12°С-тан артыҡ ҡуртының ҡәленә пәрәте. Аның өцөн у сыуның төбөнә мәңәте, сыуларның аҡмаларынта йөсәте. Олло түгел сыулыҡларта йылғаның ҡысҡацыларын ҡыуып ташлап ойаларына урнашаты, антайын нимә пулмаса, таш астыларға, йағын ағацларның тамыр астыларына йөсәте. Йәй пуйы йәшенер урыннарта ҡышлаған ма ҡатып ҡалғантай ҡәлле торатылар. Цәнтә пер төнлә, посоҡ көннәртә асыҡ эстәгәле цығатылар. У уаҡыт ҡурты палыҡ сыулап йылмайты, цын та сыуның төбөнтә йөсөнөп йөрөйтө. Йоғо аралашлы ҡуртыларның асыҡ эстәп цығыулары келәң түгел – көнкә ҡарап. Цығыу интерваллары атнатан кәнерәк та пулаты. Ша уаҡытны палыҡлар посоҡ көннө көтөп ацҡа йөрөйтөләр, көннәр сыуытыуны та көтәтеләр. Әгәр сыуның температурасы 21–22°С артыҡ күтәрелеп китсә ҡурты палыҡлар үләте. Ҡурты палыҡ салғым таса сыуларны йарататы. <br />([[Wp/sty/Ҡурты палыҡ|Ҡурты палыҡ…]])</div></div> ninmvynazmq12zebgt9hv7b9jjvyzyi 0 3826959 7374455 7373836 2026-10-25T20:52:39Z Umar Asiya 2590172 7374455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q5131978}} '''Cletus Apul Avoka''' (Dɔgɩbʋ daarɩ da la  20th Doŋu-makʋna 1951) ɩyɛ [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] [[Wp/wlx/Lɔɔyɛ|lɔɔyɛ]]/begu karachi, pɔlɩtɩɩsɩɛŋ anɩŋ begimaana kaŋa a ku [[Wp/wlx/Zebilla|Zebilla vootiŋ gbeŋdeŋe]] aŋ bɩ [[Wp/wlx/Upper East Region|Apa Isi]] paalʋʋ puoŋ.<ref name=":1">http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2565</ref> Ʋ da ɩyɛ begimaalɩ deʋ jɛmaa jaa nɩnkpɔŋ jɛgɩ-nɩŋ saŋa nɩ ʋ da ɩ begimaana nɩ. ʋ da la ɩyɛ Iŋtiirɩɛ Minisa anɩŋ Laŋ ɛŋ Fɔɔrɛsɩrɩ minisa.<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Parliament-needs-men-of-wisdom-and-experience-like-me-Cletus-Avoka-763733</ref> == Ʋ vorihuŋ anɩŋ karɩmbʋ yɛla == == Ʋ pɔlɩtɩs tʋma yɛla == === Yuoni 2000 vootiŋ === == Ʋ vorihuŋ piilee == Avoka ɩyɛ Katɩlɩk deehuu chɛ tarɩ pɔgɔ anɩŋ biihi banaahɩ.<ref name=":1" /> == Lɛʋ kaa chɛ mɩŋ nyɛ == Mills gɔmɩnaŋtɩ minisahɩ yoe == Tarɩjiihi == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Nɩŋvoe]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Gaana begimaanɩba a yi yuoni 1993–1997]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Gaana begimaanɩba a yi yuoni 1997–2001]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Gaana begimaanɩba a yi yuoni 2001–2005]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Gaana begimaanɩba a yi yuoni 2009–2013]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Gaana begimaanɩba a yi yuoni 2013–2017]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Gaana Ɩŋvarɩmɛŋtɩ minisaha]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Gaana iŋtiirɩɛ minisahɩ]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Katawɩɛ paati minisahɩ]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Ghana School of Law bikori]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/1951 yuoni dɔgɩbʋhɩ]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/20th-sɛŋtɩrɩ lɔɔyɛhɩ]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Gaana Roman katɩlɩk deme]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Apa isi rɩjɩŋ nʋba]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Gaana begimaanɩba a yi yuoni 2021–2025]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Gaana mɛmbɛs ɔɔf kaŋsɩl ɔɔf sitet]] [[Category:Wp/wlx/Navrongo Senior High School bikori]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5131978}} mjeprmbwzhe3550dfm0rdmf5u9watad 0 3826969 7374461 7373261 2026-10-25T21:28:30Z Mubarak Raqueb 2591758 7374461 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mahama Ayariga''' (ba dɔgɔbu daarɩ la 12 May 1974) ɩyɛ lɔɔyɛ anɩŋ pɔlɩtɛɛsa Kaŋa a Gaana paalʋʋ puoŋ. Ʋ paahiya a National Democratic Congress. Ʋ da iyɛ Minisa a ku Information aniŋ Media Relations Ʋ da iyɛ Minisa akoɔ Youth and Sports John Dramani Manama Naa pouʋ. Ʋ na la begumaana a Ku Bawku Central Constituency aŋbi Uppa esi a Gaana paaloʋ pouʋ a piili 4th, 6th 7th a ti tɔ 8th paalimati pouʋ Gaana 4th Republic. Ʋ iyɛ a paaalimati jamaaya nenkŋ akɔ Gaana to jinbu ŋan Mahama Ayariga dɔgebu yʋoni iyɛ 12th May, 1974 Bawkun aŋ be Uppa esi Gaana puo. Ʋ kareŋ gaaye te Gaana paaluo pou, aneŋ Nigeria, aneŋ United State of America. eii6g4jvocjwuuxrfl88n2t0tfbghjb 0 3826973 7374437 7373497 2026-10-25T19:57:29Z Regina Gbolo 2666719 7374437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q1691433}} '''Joe Ghartey''' (dɔgɩbʋ daarɩ ɩyɛ 15th Kpiinichiu 1961, Aŋkara puo) ɩyɛ [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] lɔɔyɛ,pɔlɩtiisɩya anɩŋ a New Patriotric Party bie kaŋa. Ʋ da ɩyɛ Atoni-jɛnɩral Gaana puo(2006-2009), Sɩpiika yiilʋŋ daana a ku palɩmɛntɩ(2013-2017) anɩŋ Reelwee Maalɩbʋ Minisa(2017-2021).<ref>http://citifmonline.com/2017/01/11/atta-kyea-joe-ghartey-makes-it-unto-nana-addos-ministerial-list/</ref><ref>http://www.mrd.gov.gh/4/16/104/ghana-is-transforming-its-rail-sector-joe-ghartey-at-international-rail-equipment-exhibition-2019-new-delhi-india</ref><ref>https://myjoyonline.com/news/national/rail-transport-will-reduce-road-tragedies-joe-ghartey/</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/govt-is-committed-to-revamping-railway-system-joe-ghartey/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211003030827/https://www.ghanaports.gov.gh/Media/news-details/1125/NRQ1G2CV/RAILWAYS-MINISTRY-TO-ORDER-ABOUT-35-TRAINS-TO-GHANA-IN-JUNE-</ref> Joe Ghartey yie [[Wp/wlx/Shama|Shama]] aŋ bi [[Wp/wlx/Wɛsɩŋ Rɩjɩn|Wɛsɩŋ Rɩjɩn]] puo.<ref name=":1">https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=116</ref> == Nyɩvori Nɩŋ Karɩŋbʋ == Ba dɔgɩyɛ Joe Ghartey [[Wp/wlx/Aŋkara|Aŋkara]], Gaana, a ku sukuu karɩma, Lauraine Ghartey (née Daniels) anɩŋ Jamaa tʋntʋna, Joseph Ghartey, 15th Kpiinichiu 1961. Ʋ da piiliye ʋ sukuu karɩŋbʋ a Ridge Church sukuu aŋ bi Aŋkara a chɛ la gaa a sɛkɔndɩrɩ bɔɔdɩn sukuu, [[Wp/wlx/Mfantsipim sukuu|Mfantsipim sukuu]] aŋ bi [[Wp/wlx/Kep Kos|Kep Kos]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfantsipim_School</ref> Mfantsipim puoriŋ, Ghartey la gaayɛŋ ka ka ʋ tɩ karɩŋ Lɔɔ, a nyɛ ʋ [[Wp/wlx/LLB|LLB]](Hons) digirii 1986 puo a yi Yunivɛsiti ɔf Gaana anɩŋ [[Wp/wlx/BL|BL]] a yi a Gaana Sukuu ɔf Lɔɔ 1988 puo. Ana yuoni nɩ puo baŋ bʋɔmʋʋ ka ʋ wa baa.<ref name=":1" /><ref>http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2605</ref> == Begu-sɔrɩ Tʋma Anɩŋ Gbaŋʋ Bambʋ == Ghartey aŋ ɩ ʋ Nasɩnal sɛɛvɩs ʋ tʋŋyɛ ligaal ɔfɩsɩ tʋma a ku Komenda Eguafo Abirem Dɩsɩrɩk Asɛmbɩlɩ aŋ bi sɛntɩraal rɩjɩn a Gaana puo. Ʋ da dɩyɛ tʋma ŋa aŋ vɛŋ ʋŋ ɩ asosiyet a bi a chimbɛs a ku Lɔɔya Gwira aŋ bi Sɛkɔndi. Puoriŋ, ʋ da na paahɩyɛ Akuffo Addo, Prempeh nɩŋ ba taa tʋma jie ŋa, begiri tʋma jie ŋa aŋ gara nimbitɔɔrɩ a Gaana puo chɛ, ka ʋ tʋntʋn tɔ aŋ na bi palɩmɛntɩ nandaarɩ kaŋa aŋ ɩ nɩɛ aŋ paahɩ baŋ piili a tʋma ŋa a chɛ la ɩ kabɩnɛt minisa a bi a [[Wp/wlx/John Kufuor|John Kufuor]] naaŋ diibu wagɩrɩ nɩ, [[Wp/wlx/Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akufo-Addo.]] Ghartey yie a tʋma ŋa jie yuomo ayɔpoi puoriŋ, ka 1994 ʋŋ sʋŋ baŋ yuo a begu tʋma ŋa jie baŋ bʋɔna Ghartey nɩŋ Ghartey nɩŋ ʋ pɔgɔ baŋ bʋɔna [[Wp/wlx/Efua Ghartey|Efua Ghartey]], aŋ mɩŋ da ɩ lɔɔya. Ʋ ɩyɛ siinɩya paatɩna a ku Labone puo begu tʋma jie kaŋa.<ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Joe-Ghartey-2464</ref> Ghartey tʋŋyɛ begu sɔrɩ tʋma a ku nɩŋtɩɩha anɩŋ tʋntʋn ji bɛra a Gaana paalʋŋ puo anɩŋ jiihi aŋ ba bi a Gaana puo, a yi lampoo yaʋrɩ a tɩ tɔ [[Wp/wlx/Tʋma begu|tʋma begu]], [[Wp/wlx/Gbangbalɩ yɛlɩtarɩhɩ|Gbangbalɩ yɛlɩtarɩhɩ]] anɩŋ tʋma begiri. Ʋ sʋŋ ahɩ kuye nɩnsaalɩba raɩs yɛlɩtarɩhɩ a Gaana puo. Ʋŋ a ɩ nɩyɛ aŋ paahɩ baŋ yuo a Gaana Komitii ɔn Himaan ɛn Pɩɩpʋls Raɩs, Ghartey tɩhɛɛ wulibu a ku a Himaan rais, sɩvɩl rais anɩŋ fɩrɩbʋ tʋma a ku suguhɩ. == Pɔlɩtɩɩs Tʋma Nɩŋ Paalʋŋ Kaabʋ == === Atoni-Jɛnɩraal Nɩŋ Minisa ɔf Jasɩs === === Depiti Sɩpiikasɩp === === Kabɩnɛt Minisa === === Kampeen a ku NPP Jukaara kandɩdeeti === == Mɩŋa Nyɩvori == == Tarɩjiihi == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1691433}} 3ug0opa6pgbyemnwdv654yh0kk3sseg 0 3826975 7374458 7373243 2026-10-25T21:02:52Z Muhaideen Faiz Brichini 2604229 7374458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/wlx/Databox|item=Q26923790}} '''Della Adjoa Sowah''' (ba dɔguu Doŋʋ-Makʋna beri lijɛri nɩŋ ata daari, 1959 yuoni) da ɩyɛ pɔgeba, biihi anɩŋ nʋba jiŋlaafeɛ minista [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] paalʋʋ.<ref>http://thechronicle.com.gh/91828-2/</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201603161564.html</ref> Ʋ la ɩyɛ nɩɛ aŋ ahɩ Kpando dɛme gbɛbɔgeriŋ a [[Wp/wlx/Gaana|Gaana]] begi maalɩ deo ŋa puʋŋ.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190924104720/http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/deputy-ministers</ref> == Ʋ Vorihʋŋ Piilee == Kpando aŋ be Volita naa paalʋʋ puʋŋ la baŋ dɔgi Sowah Doŋʋ-Makʋna beri lijɛri nɩŋ ata daari 1959 yuoni puʋŋ. == Ʋ Karɩmbʋ == Sowah gaaɛ karɩmbʋji-kpoŋ ŋa baŋ bʋɔna ka Kwame Nkrumah University a ko karɩmbʋ ŋa baŋ bʋɔna ka sainsi anɩŋ tɛkinoloji 1981 yuoni puʋŋ a dɩɛ gbaŋʋ ŋa baŋ bʋɔna ka degere. Ʋ tare gbaŋʋ ŋa baŋ bʋɔna ka Dipolʋma libie lomboriŋ a la tare gbaŋʋ ŋa baŋ bʋɔna ka Masitasi tuma jie kaabʋ lomboriŋ.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160916192114/http://18microcreditsummit.org/portfolio/della-sowah/</ref> == Ʋ Tuma Mine == * Minista Yiilʋʋŋ * Begi Maana, 2012–2016 (Gaana gɔminanti)<ref name="mp details" /> * Partn, libi sɛgihaa, 2001–2012 (Speed Masters)<ref name="mp details" /> * Marketing, MD, 1990–2000 (DAPEG LTD)<ref name="mp details" /> * Research, 1986–1990 (ESSOR LTD)<ref>https://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5398</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230426005618/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=146</ref> == Pɔlɩtɩsi == Jɔnjɔŋ ŋa baŋ bʋɔna ka NDC la ka Sowah be a la e nɩɛ aŋ e begimaana a ko Kpando deme a ayʋɔbe, ayʋpoɩ anɩŋ anii begimaalɩ deo ko bo.[7] === 2016 Numarebu === Sowah da ahi kuɩ a NDC jɔnjɔŋ a 2016 numarebu vuoŋ a da di nɩŋ 17,318 aŋ ahi ko pori kɔɔ puʋŋ 82.38%. Nʋba ŋa seŋ la ʋŋ da di a kogo yi Djampoh Elvis Kweku aŋ da ahi ko NPP a nyɛ numarebu ŋaa 3,058 aŋ da ahi kɔɔ puʋŋ 14.55%, Daniel Karl aŋ da ahi ko NDP a nyɛ 359 aŋ da ahi ko 1.71% anɩŋ Isaac Adjanya mɩŋ aŋ da e CPP nɩɛ mɩŋ da nyɛɛ 286 kɔɔ pori puʋŋ la ŋa 1.36%.[8] === 2020 Numarebu === == Tarihiihi == [[Category:Wp/wlx]] {{INTERWIKI|Q26923790}} 95bh8mg14aa12uweknfhfmq87iaqc7t 10 3826983 7374736 7373258 2026-10-26T08:31:19Z Wadaihangit 2578757 7374736 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="infobox sisterproject">[[Image:Wikipedia-logo-v2-id.svg|left|50px| ]] <div style="margin-right: 60px;">[[w:bjn:Wikipidia|Wikipidia]] baisi artikal parihal: <div style="margin-right: 10px;">'''''[[w:{{{lang|id}}}:{{{1|{{{artikel|Special:Search/{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{1|{{{artikel|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}}}}]]'''''</div> </div> </div><noinclude> [[Category:Templat interwiki|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Antarproyek| * [[wikt:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wiktionary]] * [[q:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikiquote]] * [[s:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Wikisource]] }} </noinclude> q4pecffxd5o95vk5wf2y8sn8e1rezsy 10 3826988 7374759 7373289 2026-10-26T09:12:55Z Wadaihangit 2578757 pran 7374759 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wadai Pepare.JPG|center|305x375px]] [[Wb/bjn/Cara maulah:Wadai Papari|Wadai Papari]] iya sabuting wadai tradisiunal nang masih banyak dijaja urang, kawa haja tahaga di Pakan atawa di higa jalan.<noinclude> [[Category:Wb/bjn]] [[Category:Wb/bjn/Laman Tatambaian]] [[Category:Wb/bjn/Gambar pilihan]]</noinclude> qrasgdpy8c7qn59q3pstzhna1x701c8 0 3827129 7374360 7374009 2026-10-25T19:07:23Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q130612705}} '''Angel Auki Kigongo''' n'omuzaani wa [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] omukugu omu mupiira gw'ebigyere orikukora nk'omuteebi hamwe n'omuteebi w'aha rubaju omu Uganda Martyrs Lubaga Women Football Club. Naakora nk'omuzibizi hamwe n'omuteebi w'aha rubaju omu tiimu y'eihanga ey'abakazi ey'omupiira gw'ebigyere, erikumanywa nka Crested Cranes.<ref name=":3">[https://nbssport.co.ug/article/queen-cranes-midfielder-auki-highlights-footballs-impact-on-her-life-and-ambitions "Queen Cranes Midfielder Auki Highlights Football's Impact on Her Life and Ambitions".] NBS Sport. Retrieved 2026-10-22.</ref><ref name=":4">[https://www.ugandafootball.com/player.php?t=ufp0001447 "Auki Kigongo Angel - Profile".] www.ugandafootball.com. Retrieved 2026-10-22.</ref><ref name=":1">Baluku, Chrispus (2026-09-27). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/crested-cranes-part-ways-with-coach-botes-ahe-NV_241399_092026 "Sports: Crested Cranes part ways with coach Botes ahead of Olympic test"]. New Vision. Retrieved 2026-10-23.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/no-letting-up-for-kawempe-she-corporate--5407274 "No letting up for Kawempe, She Corporate"]. Monitor. 2026-03-29. Retrieved 2026-10-23.</ref> Naakora nk'omuteebi w'aha rubaju hamwe n'omuteebi w'aha rubaju omu tiimu y'eihanga ey'abakazi eya Uganda under-20 football team, erikumanywa nka Queen Cranes.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/queen-cranes-keep-within-fighting-chance-5446400 "Queen Cranes keep within fighting chance"]. Monitor. 2026-05-04. Retrieved 2026-10-23.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Auki akazaarwa [[Wp/nyn/Entebbe|Entebbe]] kandi yaakurira Kajjansi, aine oburugo bw'eka omuri Pakwach.<ref name=":2">Marsha, Ahmed (2026-02-03). [https://fufa.co.ug/fifa-u20-wwcq-from-grassroots-to-the-queen-cranes-camp-the-rise-of-angel-auki-kigongo/ "FIFA U20 WWCQ: From grassroots to the Queen Cranes camp, the rise of Angel Auki Kigongo".] FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations. Retrieved 2026-10-22.</ref> Niwe mwana wa kana omu baana mukaaga omu ka ye.<ref name=":2" /> Obwegyese bwa Auki obw'okubanza n'obwa siniya bukashashurirwa kurabira omu bursaries ezi yaatungire ahabw'okumanya emyoga ye y'omupiira gw'ebigyere.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> Akaza omu mashomero ga puraimare aha Kitende Primary School omuri Entebbe hamwe na St Noah Primary School.<ref name=":2" /> Akatandika obwegyese bwe obwa siniya aha Rines Secondary School atakagiire omuri Uganda Martyrs High School Lubaga ahu yaahendera obwegyese bwe obwa UCE na UACE Level.<ref name=":2" /> == Emirimo y'eminyeeto == Etalanta ya Auki omu mupiira gw'ebigyere ekareebwa Ivan obu yaabaire naazaana aha tiimu y'eishomero rya Kitende Primary School.<ref name=":2" /> Ivan akaba ari manegya wa tiimu y'eishomero rya St Noah Primary School.<ref name=":2" /> Auki akazaana omupiira gw'ebigyere aha Rines Secondary School atakagiire omuri Uganda Martyrs High School Lubaga (UMHS), ahu yaayegaita aha Uganda Martyrs High School Lubaga Football Club.<ref name=":2" /> Auki akaza omu Kick It Soccer Academy, ahu yaatendekirwe kandi yaazaana omupiira gw'ebigyere ahansi y'obwebembezi bwa Coach Alex Kalema.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Naazaanira tiimu ya Uganda Martyrs Lubaga Women FC omu riigi y'abakazi eya FUFA.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Kyle Kule, Edwin (2026-10-19). [https://kawowo.com/2026/10/19/nabukenya-shines-as-kawempe-muslim-edge-uganda-martyrs/ "Nabukenya shines as Kawempe Muslim edge Uganda Martyrs".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-23.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/fwsl-makerere-peg-kawempe-she-corporate-advance-5290072 "FWSL: Makerere peg Kawempe, She Corporate advance]". Monitor. 2025-12-07. Retrieved 2026-10-23.</ref><ref name=":4" /> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Auki naazaanira tiimu y'abakazi eya Uganda ey'omupiira gw'ebigyere eya under-20 (The Queen Cranes) nk'omuzaani w'ahagati.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://nbssport.co.ug/article/queen-cranes-midfielder-auki-highlights-footballs-impact-on-her-life-and-ambitions "Queen Cranes Midfielder Auki Highlights Football's Impact on Her Life and Ambitions".] NBS Sport. Retrieved 2026-10-23.</ref> Aketaba omu mpaka z'okuronda abazaani ba FIFA U20 Women’s World Cup ez'omwaka 2026.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Muyita, Joel (2026-04-30). [https://kawowo.com/2026/04/30/queen-cranes-travelling-squad-to-ghana-named/ "Queen Cranes travelling squad to Ghana named | FIFA U20 Women's World Cup Qualifiers"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-23.</ref> Auki nawe naazaana omu tiimu y'abakazi eya Uganda ey'omupiira gw'ebigyere (The Crested Cranes) nk'omuzaani w'ahagati hamwe n'omu maisho.<ref name=":5">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/crested-cranes-eye-ndola-finish-5630152 "Crested Cranes eye Ndola finish]". Monitor. 2026-10-13. Retrieved 2026-10-23</ref><ref>Muyita, Joel (2025-02-05). "[https://kawowo.com/2025/02/05/crested-cranes-provisional-squad-to-face-ethiopia-named/ Crested Cranes provisional squad to face Ethiopia named".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-23.</ref> Okubanza kwe kukaba omu Kwaikumi 2024 obu Crested Cranes yaazaana na [[Wp/nyn/Democratic Republic of Congo|DRC]].<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/crested-cranes-get-one-over-drc-4804170 "Crested Cranes get one over DRC"]. Monitor. 2024-10-28. Retrieved 2026-10-23.</ref> Aketaba omu mpaka za 2028 CAF Women’s Olympic Qualifying Tournament arikuzaana na tiimu y'abakazi eya [[Wp/nyn/Zambia|Zambia]] hamwe na tiimu y'abakazi eya [[Wp/nyn/Ghana|Ghana]].<ref name=":5" /><ref>[https://nbssport.co.ug/article/crested-cranes-depart-for-zambia-as-asefa-names-squad-for-crucial-olympic-qualifier "Crested Cranes Depart For Zambia As Asefa Names Squad For Crucial Olympic Qualifier"]. NBS Sport. Retrieved 2026-10-23.</ref><ref>Muyita, Joel (2026-10-06). [https://kawowo.com/2026/10/06/more-foreign-based-players-join-crested-cranes-camp/ "More foreign-based players join Crested Cranes camp"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-23.</ref><ref name=":3" /> Aketaba omu mpaka za 2026 Women Africa Cup of Nations Qualifiers.<ref>Muyita, Joel (2025-02-05). [https://kawowo.com/2025/02/05/crested-cranes-provisional-squad-to-face-ethiopia-named/ "Crested Cranes provisional squad to face Ethiopia named".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-23.</ref> == Okuheebwa ebirabo n'okusiimwa == * Auki atwirwe emirundi ebiri ahabw'ekirabo ky'omuzaani w'omwezi omu riigi y'abakazi eya FUFA omu Okwaikumi 2024 na Desemba 2025.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/nambuya-khalifa-eye-more-after-ftbfwsl-awards-4816014 "Nambuya, Khalifa eye more after FTBFWSL awards]". Monitor. 2024-11-07. Retrieved 2026-10-22.</ref><ref>[https://swiftsportsug.com/2025/12/she-corporate-duo-clinch-december-finance-trust-bank-fwsl-monthly-awards/ "She Corporate Duo clinch December Finance Trust Bank FWSL Monthly Awards | Swift Sports Uganda".] 2025-12-22. Retrieved 2026-10-22.</ref> * Auki akasingura ekikopo ky'abakazi ekya 2023 hamwe na Uganda Martyrs High School Lubaga Football Club bwanyima y'okusingura She Maroons football club.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> * Auki akatooranwa omu tiimu ya FUFA Women Super League Best XI eya 2025/2026 aha mikoro ya FUFA Awards 2026.<ref name=":2" /><ref>[https://www.angarapost.com/articles/angel-auki-kigongo-the-pakwach-star-turning-heads-in-womens-football "Angel Auki Kigongo: The Pakwach Star Turning Heads in Women's Football"]. www.angarapost.com. 2026-10-23. Retrieved 2026-10-24.</ref> * Auki akatooranwa ahabw'ekirabo ky'omuzaani w'omwezi omu Okwaikumi 2024.<ref>[https://nbssport.co.ug/article/ftwsl-top-coaches-and-players-vie-for-october-honors "FTWSL: Top Coaches and Players Vie for October Honors"]. NBS Sport. Retrieved 2026-10-23.</ref> == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] {{INTERWIKI|Q130612705}} ot1l7p0r3l0j7n4g4ieo1y9i0pg1z46 0 3827176 7374505 7373884 2026-10-26T01:41:09Z Chersie06 2594754 7374505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Chwa Libète yon moun genyen pou li kapab chwazi. Plizyè bagay ki disponib pou yon moun pran nenpòt nan yo li vle. Oswa : Desizyon yon moun pran ant plizyè posiblite.}} mwoosnstgb0qhrj85j3yxiyz9pfbvao 7374506 7374505 2026-10-26T01:42:21Z Chersie06 2594754 7374506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Chwa Libète yon moun genyen pou li kapab chwazi. Plizyè bagay ki disponib pou yon moun pran nenpòt nan yo li vle. Oswa : Desizyon yon moun pran ant plizyè posiblite.|egzanp=Li fè chwa pou l kontinye etid li.}} 1g62eqsuz8ku4xnktbqotyi9g56uhks 0 3827243 7374210 2026-10-25T12:47:15Z Wadaihangit 2578757 hanyar 7374210 wikitext text/x-wiki Hantu di Kalimantan Salatan baisi banyak ngaran, nangkaya: # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Kuyang|Kuyang]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Hantu Barabiaban|Hantu Barabiaban]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Hantu Suluh|Hantu Suluh]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Hantu Banyu|Hantu Banyu]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Hantu Api|Hantu Api]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Hantu Sandah|Hantu Sandah]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Hantu Baranak|Hantu Baranak]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Hantu Dundun|Hantu Dundun]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Hantu Pusut|Hantu Pusut]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Agaman|Agaman]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Takau|Takau]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Hantu Kisut|Hantu Kisut]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Hantu Buyu|Hantu Buyu]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Hantu Jajadin|Hantu Jajadin]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Biaju|Biaju]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Anak Sima|Anak Sima]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Hantu Ikiq|Hantu Ikiq]] # [[Wb/bjn/Kisah hantu Banjar:Hantu Lukah|Hantu Lukah]] Silahkan haja pian tambahi lisnya sakira talangkap lagi [[Category:Wb/bjn]] [[Category:Wb/bjn/Hantu Banjar]] al8dneiunm1ay0clj4ugt36yiemd2yz 0 3827244 7374229 2026-10-25T12:59:58Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 Created page with " {{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Azerbajiani landscape banner.jpg|caption=அசர்பைசான்}} இந்தக் கட்டுரை ஒரு சுதந்திர நாடான அசர்பைசான் குடியரசைப் பற்றியது. ஈரானில் உள்ள பிராந்தியத்தைப் பற்றி அறிய, 'ஈரானிய அசர்பைசான்' என்பதைப் பார்..." 7374229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Azerbajiani landscape banner.jpg|caption=அசர்பைசான்}} இந்தக் கட்டுரை ஒரு சுதந்திர நாடான அசர்பைசான் குடியரசைப் பற்றியது. ஈரானில் உள்ள பிராந்தியத்தைப் பற்றி அறிய, 'ஈரானிய அசர்பைசான்' என்பதைப் பார்க்கவும். அசர்பைசான் (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan) என்பது காகசஸில் உள்ள ஒரு முன்னாள் சோவியத் குடியரசு ஆகும், மேலும் இது ஐரோப்பா அல்லது ஆசியாவின் ஒரு பகுதியாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. பெரும்பாலும் "நெருப்பு நிலம்" என்று அழைக்கப்படும் அசர்பைசான், 19-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதியில் பாரசீகப் பேரரசால் ரஷ்யப் பேரரசிடம் ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்டது. == பிராந்தியங்கள் == == நகரங்கள் == == பிற சேருமிடங்கள் == == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == == வரலாறு == == வானிலை == == பேச்சுச் மொழி == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == == வானூர்தியில் == == தொடருந்தில் == == பேருந்தில் == == சிற்றுந்தில் == == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == == செய்யுங்கள் == == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == == சமாளியுங்கள் == == அருகிலுள்ளவை == == அடுத்த இலக்கு == 5r6gdy3tixlswg3wwtwhfmxc5aurgc2 7374233 7374229 2026-10-25T13:20:38Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 Replaced content with " [[Category:Wy/ta]]" 7374233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wy/ta]] bgatsdryuh7l6hc1n1nyyq3qn6bi3cx 0 3827245 7374232 2026-10-25T13:19:30Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 Created page with "{{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Azerbajiani landscape banner.jpg|caption=அசர்பைசான்}} இந்தக் கட்டுரை ஒரு சுதந்திர நாடான அசர்பைசான் குடியரசைப் பற்றியது. ஈரானில் உள்ள பிராந்தியத்தைப் பற்றி அறிய, 'ஈரானிய அசர்பைசான்' என்பதைப் பார்..." 7374232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Azerbajiani landscape banner.jpg|caption=அசர்பைசான்}} இந்தக் கட்டுரை ஒரு சுதந்திர நாடான அசர்பைசான் குடியரசைப் பற்றியது. ஈரானில் உள்ள பிராந்தியத்தைப் பற்றி அறிய, 'ஈரானிய அசர்பைசான்' என்பதைப் பார்க்கவும். அசர்பைசான் (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan) என்பது காகசஸில் உள்ள ஒரு முன்னாள் சோவியத் குடியரசு ஆகும், மேலும் இது ஐரோப்பா அல்லது ஆசியாவின் ஒரு பகுதியாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. பெரும்பாலும் "நெருப்பு நிலம்" என்று அழைக்கப்படும் அசர்பைசான், 19-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதியில் பாரசீகப் பேரரசால் ரஷ்யப் பேரரசிடம் ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்டது. == பிராந்தியங்கள் == == நகரங்கள் == == பிற சேருமிடங்கள் == == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == == வரலாறு == == வானிலை == == பேச்சுச் மொழி == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == == வானூர்தியில் == == தொடருந்தில் == == பேருந்தில் == == சிற்றுந்தில் == == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == == செய்யுங்கள் == == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == == சமாளியுங்கள் == == அருகிலுள்ளவை == == அடுத்த இலக்கு == 97v3fxqnyy0ueat5u6z3puw8i1ghn5j 7374590 7374232 2026-10-26T03:29:34Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 /* பிராந்தியங்கள் */ 7374590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Azerbajiani landscape banner.jpg|caption=அசர்பைசான்}} இந்தக் கட்டுரை ஒரு சுதந்திர நாடான அசர்பைசான் குடியரசைப் பற்றியது. ஈரானில் உள்ள பிராந்தியத்தைப் பற்றி அறிய, 'ஈரானிய அசர்பைசான்' என்பதைப் பார்க்கவும். அசர்பைசான் (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan) என்பது காகசஸில் உள்ள ஒரு முன்னாள் சோவியத் குடியரசு ஆகும், மேலும் இது ஐரோப்பா அல்லது ஆசியாவின் ஒரு பகுதியாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. பெரும்பாலும் "நெருப்பு நிலம்" என்று அழைக்கப்படும் அசர்பைசான், 19-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதியில் பாரசீகப் பேரரசால் ரஷ்யப் பேரரசிடம் ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்டது. == பிராந்தியங்கள் == [[File:Azerbaijan regions.png|thumb|அசர்பைசானின் பிராந்தியங்கள்]] == நகரங்கள் == == பிற சேருமிடங்கள் == == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == == வரலாறு == == வானிலை == == பேச்சுச் மொழி == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == == வானூர்தியில் == == தொடருந்தில் == == பேருந்தில் == == சிற்றுந்தில் == == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == == செய்யுங்கள் == == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == == சமாளியுங்கள் == == அருகிலுள்ளவை == == அடுத்த இலக்கு == ppzy4cwlv8z35zzyba1rb47he1dbyxo 7374603 7374590 2026-10-26T04:00:49Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 /* பிராந்தியங்கள் */ 7374603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Azerbajiani landscape banner.jpg|caption=அசர்பைசான்}} இந்தக் கட்டுரை ஒரு சுதந்திர நாடான அசர்பைசான் குடியரசைப் பற்றியது. ஈரானில் உள்ள பிராந்தியத்தைப் பற்றி அறிய, 'ஈரானிய அசர்பைசான்' என்பதைப் பார்க்கவும். அசர்பைசான் (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan) என்பது காகசஸில் உள்ள ஒரு முன்னாள் சோவியத் குடியரசு ஆகும், மேலும் இது ஐரோப்பா அல்லது ஆசியாவின் ஒரு பகுதியாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. பெரும்பாலும் "நெருப்பு நிலம்" என்று அழைக்கப்படும் அசர்பைசான், 19-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதியில் பாரசீகப் பேரரசால் ரஷ்யப் பேரரசிடம் ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்டது. == பிராந்தியங்கள் == '''பாகு பிராந்தியம் (Baku Region)''' அசர்பைசானின் அரசியல், பொருளாதார மற்றும் கலாச்சார மையமான இப்பகுதியின் தலைநகரம் பாகு ஆகும். இங்கு 1871-ஆம் ஆண்டு முதல் எண்ணெய் எடுக்கப்பட்டு வருகிறது. '''கஞ்சா பிராந்தியம் (Ganja Region)''' காக்கேசியாவின் மிகப் பழமையான நகரங்களில் ஒன்றான கஞ்சாவையும், அசர்பைசானின் புகழ்பெற்ற பெட்ரோலிய ஸ்பா ஓய்வுத்தலமும் மருத்துவச் சுற்றுலா மையமுமான நாஃப்தலானையும் உள்ளடக்கிய, அசர்பைசானுக்கான நுழைவாயில் இது. '''ஷேகி பிராந்தியம் (Sheki Region)''' ஜார்ஜியாவின் எல்லையில் அமைந்துள்ள, காகசஸ் மலைப்பகுதியைச் சேர்ந்த அழகான பசுமையான பிராந்தியம் இது. அசர்பைசானின் மிக அழகான நகரமான 'ஷேகி' இந்நகரில்தான் அமைந்துள்ளது. '''வடகிழக்கு அசர்பைசான் (Northeastern Azerbaijan)''' பெருங்காக்கேசிய மலைத்தொடரில் அமைந்துள்ள, இனரீதியாகப் பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்ட ஒரு பிரதேசம். இது பசுமையான காடுகளாலும், காஸ்பியன் கடலோரம் அமைந்துள்ள அழகான கடற்கரைகள் மற்றும் ஆடம்பர ஓய்விடங்களாலும் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளது. '''நக்ஷிவான் (Nakhchivan)''' மேற்கில் துருக்கியுடன் எல்லையைப் பகிர்ந்து கொள்ளும் ஒரு தனித்து அமைந்த பகுதி (எக்ஸ்க்லேவ்). '''தெற்கு''' '''அசர்பைசான் (Southern Azerbaijan)''' '''தாலிஷ் பிராந்தியம் (Talysh Region)''' '''கராபாக் (Karabakh)''' நாட்டின் தென்மேற்கே அமைந்துள்ள மலைப்பாங்கான இந்தப் பகுதி, 1994 முதல் 2020 வரை ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் சபையால் அங்கீகரிக்கப்படாத 'நாகோர்னோ-கராபாக் குடியரசு' அமைப்பின் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் பெருமளவு இருந்தது. 2023-ஆம் ஆண்டு முதல், இப்பகுதி முழுமையாக அசர்பைசானின் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ளது. == நகரங்கள் == அசர்பைசானில் அதிகாரப்பூர்வமாக 'நகரம்' என்ற அந்தஸ்தைப் பெற்ற 71 நகர்ப்புறக் குடியிருப்புகள் உள்ளன. இருப்பினும், அவற்றில் பாகு, சும்காயித் மற்றும் கஞ்சா ஆகிய 3 நகரங்களில் மட்டுமே மக்கள் தொகை 3,00,000-க்கு மேல் உள்ளது; இதில் சும்காயித், நடைமுறையில் இன்று பாகுவின் புறநகர்ப் பகுதியாகவே உள்ளது. அந்நாட்டில் சுற்றிப் பார்ப்பதற்கு மிக முக்கியமான இடங்கள் இதோ: '''1. பாகு /பாகி (Baku / Bakı)''' — காகசஸ் பகுதியின் தலைநகரம் மற்றும் மிகப்பெரிய நகரம். '''2. கஞ்சா (Ganja)''' — அசர்பைசானின் இரண்டாவது மிகப்பெரிய நகரமான இது, நீண்ட வரலாற்றையும், சில முக்கியமான இடங்களையும், சுவாரஸ்யமான மற்றும் பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்ட கட்டிடக்கலையையும் கொண்டுள்ளது. '''3. லங்கரான் (Lankaran)''' — ஈரானிய எல்லைக்கு அருகிலுள்ள தெற்கு நகரம். '''4'''. '''நக்கிச்சவான் (Nakhchivan)''' —அசர்பைசானின் நக்கிச்சவான் நகரம் வெளிப்பகுதியின் நிர்வாகத் தலைநகரம். '''5. கபாலா (Qabala)''' — காகசஸ் மலைத்தொடரின் ஆழமான பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு புதிய சுற்றுலா நகரம்; இது, இங்கிருந்து தென்மேற்கே சுமார் 20 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ள தொல்பொருள் தளத்தின் பெயரைத் தனக்குக் கொண்டுள்ளது. '''6. ஷேகி (Sheki)''' — காகசஸ் மலைத்தொடரின் காடுகள் நிறைந்த பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு அழகான நகரம்; இங்கு பார்ப்பதற்கும் செய்வதற்கும் பல விஷயங்கள் உள்ளன. அசர்பைசானின் 2,700 ஆண்டுகால வரலாற்றைப் பறைசாற்றும் கலாச்சார வளங்கள் மற்றும் நினைவுச்சின்னங்கள் மிக அதிக அளவில் செறிந்து காணப்படும் இடங்களில் இதுவும் ஒன்றாகும். '''7. ஷமாகா (Shemakha)''' — பாகுவுக்கு முன்பு ஷிர்வன்ஷாக்களின் தலைநகராக இருந்த நகரம். '''8. சும்காயிட் (Sumqayit)''' — இங்குள்ள தொழிற்சாலைகள் காரணமாக, அமெரிக்க சுற்றுச்சூழல் மாசு குறித்த அமைப்பான 'பிளாக்ஸ்மித் இன்ஸ்டிடியூட்' (Blacksmith Institute), 2006 மற்றும் 2007 ஆகிய இரு ஆண்டுகளிலும், உலகின் மிகவும் மாசுபட்ட நகரங்களின் பட்டியலில் இந்த நகரத்தை முதலிடத்தில் வைத்திருந்தது. == பிற சேருமிடங்கள் == == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == == வரலாறு == == வானிலை == == பேச்சுச் மொழி == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == == வானூர்தியில் == == தொடருந்தில் == == பேருந்தில் == == சிற்றுந்தில் == == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == == செய்யுங்கள் == == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == == சமாளியுங்கள் == == அருகிலுள்ளவை == == அடுத்த இலக்கு == 3xn12wd7n3n4883vdfnr3o74ge9eey8 7374627 7374603 2026-10-26T05:24:13Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7374627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Azerbajiani landscape banner.jpg|caption=அசர்பைசான்}} இந்தக் கட்டுரை ஒரு சுதந்திர நாடான அசர்பைசான் குடியரசைப் பற்றியது. ஈரானில் உள்ள பிராந்தியத்தைப் பற்றி அறிய, 'ஈரானிய அசர்பைசான்' என்பதைப் பார்க்கவும். அசர்பைசான் (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan) என்பது காகசஸில் உள்ள ஒரு முன்னாள் சோவியத் குடியரசு ஆகும், மேலும் இது ஐரோப்பா அல்லது ஆசியாவின் ஒரு பகுதியாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. பெரும்பாலும் "நெருப்பு நிலம்" என்று அழைக்கப்படும் அசர்பைசான், 19-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதியில் பாரசீகப் பேரரசால் ரஷ்யப் பேரரசிடம் ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்டது. == பிராந்தியங்கள் == '''பாகு பிராந்தியம் (Baku Region)''' அசர்பைசானின் அரசியல், பொருளாதார மற்றும் கலாச்சார மையமான இப்பகுதியின் தலைநகரம் பாகு ஆகும். இங்கு 1871-ஆம் ஆண்டு முதல் எண்ணெய் எடுக்கப்பட்டு வருகிறது. '''கஞ்சா பிராந்தியம் (Ganja Region)''' காக்கேசியாவின் மிகப் பழமையான நகரங்களில் ஒன்றான கஞ்சாவையும், அசர்பைசானின் புகழ்பெற்ற பெட்ரோலிய ஸ்பா ஓய்வுத்தலமும் மருத்துவச் சுற்றுலா மையமுமான நாஃப்தலானையும் உள்ளடக்கிய, அசர்பைசானுக்கான நுழைவாயில் இது. '''ஷேகி பிராந்தியம் (Sheki Region)''' ஜார்ஜியாவின் எல்லையில் அமைந்துள்ள, காகசஸ் மலைப்பகுதியைச் சேர்ந்த அழகான பசுமையான பிராந்தியம் இது. அசர்பைசானின் மிக அழகான நகரமான 'ஷேகி' இந்நகரில்தான் அமைந்துள்ளது. '''வடகிழக்கு அசர்பைசான் (Northeastern Azerbaijan)''' பெருங்காக்கேசிய மலைத்தொடரில் அமைந்துள்ள, இனரீதியாகப் பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்ட ஒரு பிரதேசம். இது பசுமையான காடுகளாலும், காஸ்பியன் கடலோரம் அமைந்துள்ள அழகான கடற்கரைகள் மற்றும் ஆடம்பர ஓய்விடங்களாலும் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளது. '''நக்ஷிவான் (Nakhchivan)''' மேற்கில் துருக்கியுடன் எல்லையைப் பகிர்ந்து கொள்ளும் ஒரு தனித்து அமைந்த பகுதி (எக்ஸ்க்லேவ்). '''தெற்கு''' '''அசர்பைசான் (Southern Azerbaijan)''' '''தாலிஷ் பிராந்தியம் (Talysh Region)''' '''கராபாக் (Karabakh)''' நாட்டின் தென்மேற்கே அமைந்துள்ள மலைப்பாங்கான இந்தப் பகுதி, 1994 முதல் 2020 வரை ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் சபையால் அங்கீகரிக்கப்படாத 'நாகோர்னோ-கராபாக் குடியரசு' அமைப்பின் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் பெருமளவு இருந்தது. 2023-ஆம் ஆண்டு முதல், இப்பகுதி முழுமையாக அசர்பைசானின் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ளது. == நகரங்கள் == அசர்பைசானில் அதிகாரப்பூர்வமாக 'நகரம்' என்ற அந்தஸ்தைப் பெற்ற 71 நகர்ப்புறக் குடியிருப்புகள் உள்ளன. இருப்பினும், அவற்றில் பாகு, சும்காயித் மற்றும் கஞ்சா ஆகிய 3 நகரங்களில் மட்டுமே மக்கள் தொகை 3,00,000-க்கு மேல் உள்ளது; இதில் சும்காயித், நடைமுறையில் இன்று பாகுவின் புறநகர்ப் பகுதியாகவே உள்ளது. அந்நாட்டில் சுற்றிப் பார்ப்பதற்கு மிக முக்கியமான இடங்கள் இதோ: '''1. பாகு /பாகி (Baku / Bakı)''' — காகசஸ் பகுதியின் தலைநகரம் மற்றும் மிகப்பெரிய நகரம். '''2. கஞ்சா (Ganja)''' — அசர்பைசானின் இரண்டாவது மிகப்பெரிய நகரமான இது, நீண்ட வரலாற்றையும், சில முக்கியமான இடங்களையும், சுவாரஸ்யமான மற்றும் பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்ட கட்டிடக்கலையையும் கொண்டுள்ளது. '''3. லங்கரான் (Lankaran)''' — ஈரானிய எல்லைக்கு அருகிலுள்ள தெற்கு நகரம். '''4'''. '''நக்கிச்சவான் (Nakhchivan)''' —அசர்பைசானின் நக்கிச்சவான் நகரம் வெளிப்பகுதியின் நிர்வாகத் தலைநகரம். '''5. கபாலா (Qabala)''' — காகசஸ் மலைத்தொடரின் ஆழமான பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு புதிய சுற்றுலா நகரம்; இது, இங்கிருந்து தென்மேற்கே சுமார் 20 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ள தொல்பொருள் தளத்தின் பெயரைத் தனக்குக் கொண்டுள்ளது. '''6. ஷேகி (Sheki)''' — காகசஸ் மலைத்தொடரின் காடுகள் நிறைந்த பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு அழகான நகரம்; இங்கு பார்ப்பதற்கும் செய்வதற்கும் பல விஷயங்கள் உள்ளன. அசர்பைசானின் 2,700 ஆண்டுகால வரலாற்றைப் பறைசாற்றும் கலாச்சார வளங்கள் மற்றும் நினைவுச்சின்னங்கள் மிக அதிக அளவில் செறிந்து காணப்படும் இடங்களில் இதுவும் ஒன்றாகும். '''7. ஷமாகா (Shemakha)''' — பாகுவுக்கு முன்பு ஷிர்வன்ஷாக்களின் தலைநகராக இருந்த நகரம். '''8. சும்காயிட் (Sumqayit)''' — இங்குள்ள தொழிற்சாலைகள் காரணமாக, அமெரிக்க சுற்றுச்சூழல் மாசு குறித்த அமைப்பான 'பிளாக்ஸ்மித் இன்ஸ்டிடியூட்' (Blacksmith Institute), 2006 மற்றும் 2007 ஆகிய இரு ஆண்டுகளிலும், உலகின் மிகவும் மாசுபட்ட நகரங்களின் பட்டியலில் இந்த நகரத்தை முதலிடத்தில் வைத்திருந்தது. == பிற சேருமிடங்கள் == '''குறிப்பிடத்தக்க தேசிய பூங்காக்கள் மற்றும் காப்பகங்கள்''' '''1. கோபுஸ்தான் தேசிய வரலாற்று-கலை காப்பகம் (Qobustan National Historical-Artistic Reserve)''' — இது அதன் பாறைச் செதுக்கல்களுக்கும் (யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரிய தளம்) மற்றும் சேற்று எரிமலைகளுக்கும் மிகவும் பிரபலமானது. சேற்று எரிமலைகளைப் பொறுத்தவரை, இன்னும் சற்று தெற்கே உள்ள சுதந்திரமான தளம் ஒரு சிறந்த தேர்வாக இருக்கலாம்; பாகு பிராந்தியத்தைப் பார்க்கவும். '''2. கோய்கோல் (Goygol) தேசியப் பூங்கா''' — கஞ்சாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 25 கிமீ தொலைவில், டோகனாலிக்கு அருகில். 1139 ஆம் ஆண்டில் ஒரு வலுவான பூகம்பத்தின் போது உருவாக்கப்பட்டது, ஒரு ஹைகிங் மற்றும் ஓய்வு இடம். '''3'''.'''இஸ்மாயிலி ஸ்டேட் ரிசர்வ் (Ismaili State Reserve)''' — இது ஒரு தேசியப் பூங்கா, இங்கு சில ஆடம்பரமான தங்கும் விடுதிகளும் உள்ளன. '''குறிப்பிடத்தக்க நகரங்களும் கிராமங்களும்''' '''3. கினாலுக் (Khinalug/Xinaliq)''' — இது ஒரு அழகான, தொலைதூர மற்றும் பழமையான மலைக் கிராமம்; இதன் அருகிலேயே இதே பெயரைக் கொண்ட மலையும் அமைந்துள்ளது. ஒரு காலத்தில் சொராஷ்டிரிய மதத்தின் மையமாகத் திகழ்ந்த இந்த இடத்தில், இன்று வசிக்கும் மிகச் சில மக்கள் ஒரு தனித்துவமான இனக்குழுவைச் சேர்ந்தவர்கள். இவர்கள் காகசஸ் அல்பேனியர்களின் (தற்போதைய அல்பேனியா நாட்டு மக்களுடன் எவ்விதத் தொடர்பும் இல்லாதவர்கள்) வழித்தோன்றல்கள் என்று கருதப்படுகிறார்கள். '''4. நாப்ரான் /நெப்ரான் (Nabran/ Nebran)'''— நாப்ரான் பல பொழுதுபோக்கு வசதிகளைக் கொண்ட இடமாகும்; இங்கு சொகுசு தங்குமிடங்கள், விளையாட்டு நடவடிக்கைகள், குழந்தைகளுக்கான முகாம்கள் மற்றும் இசை சார்ந்த பொழுதுபோக்கு இடங்கள் எனப் பல்வேறு சேவைகள் வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. '''5. குபா (Quba)''' — இதன் நகர்ப்புறப் புறநகர்ப் பகுதியில் மலைப்பகுதிகளிலேயே மிகப்பெரிய அசர்பைசானி யூத சமூகம் வசிக்கிறது; இது முன்னாள் சோவியத் ஒன்றியத்தின் மிகப்பெரிய யூத சமூகங்களில் ஒன்றாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. '''6. லாஹிச் (Lahich)''' — காகசஸ் மலைகள் வழியாக குபா (Quba) நோக்கிச் செல்லும் நடைப்பயணங்களுக்கான ஒரு வசதியான, தொலைதூர மலைக்கிராமம்; இது ஒரு "தள முகாம்"மாகவும் (base camp) செயல்படக்கூடியது. '''7. காக்ஸ் (Qax)''' — ஷேக்கியைத் தவிர காகசியன் மலைகளுக்குள் செல்லும் ஒரு நுழைவாயில், மற்றும் சரிபாஸ் மற்றும் அலசான் பள்ளத்தாக்கை நோக்கிய மலையேற்றப் பயணங்களுக்கான "அடிப்படை முகாம்". '''8. நிஜ் / நிக் (Nij /Nic)''' — அழிவின் விளிம்பில் உள்ள கிறிஸ்தவ இனக்குழுவான 'உடின்' (Udins) மக்கள் வாழும் மிகப்பெரிய கிராமம். '''9. கோய்கோல் (Goygol)''' — கஞ்சாவின் புறநகர்ப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள, கட்டாயம் பார்க்க வேண்டிய ஒரு ஜெர்மானிய நகரம். இது முன்னர் கான்லார் (சான்லார்) மற்றும் ஹெலனென்டார்ஃப் என்று அழைக்கப்பட்டது. பவேரியாவின் சுவாபியாவைச் சேர்ந்த ஜெர்மானிய விவசாயிகளால் இது நிறுவப்பட்டது. இன்று, இந்த நகரம் ஒரு லூத்தரன் தேவாலயம் உட்பட, சிறந்த நிலையில் உள்ள மற்றும் பகுதியளவு புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு பழைய ஜெர்மானியப் பகுதியாகத் திகழ்கிறது. 1990-ல் அகழ்வாராய்ச்சி செய்யப்பட்ட ஒரு பெரிய கல்லறையிலிருந்து கண்டெடுக்கப்பட்ட பொருட்களை (எ.கா. வெண்கல ஆயுதங்கள், நகைகள், மட்பாண்டங்கள் போன்றவை) ஒரு உள்ளூர் அருங்காட்சியகம் காட்சிப்படுத்துகிறது. '''10. ஷம்கிர் (Shamkir)''' — இதுவும் ஜெர்மானியர்கள் குடியேறிய ஒரு நகரமாகும். இங்கு கோன்யாக் மற்றும் ஒயின் தயாரிப்பிற்கான திராட்சைத் தோட்டங்கள் உள்ளன. == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == === வரலாறு === கிழக்கிற்கும் மேற்கிற்கும் இடையிலான சந்திப்பில் எப்போதும் இருந்து வரும் அசர்பைசான், பல பெரும் பேரரசுகளின் வருகையையும் மறைவையும் கண்டுள்ளது. ==== பண்டைய ==== நாட்டின் சிறந்த ஈர்ப்புகளில் சில கோபஸ்தான் பெட்ரோகிளிஃப்ஸ் ஆகும். 40,000 - 5,000 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பு இப்பகுதியில் வாழ்ந்த மக்களின் அடையாளங்கள் இவை. கிமு 900-700 இல் சித்தியர்களும் ஈரானிய மேதியர்களும் இப்பகுதியை ஆக்கிரமித்தனர். கிமு 550 இல் ஜோராஸ்ட்ரியனிசத்தை அறிமுகப்படுத்தியதன் மூலம் அச்செமனிட்ஸ் விஷயங்களை சுவாரஸ்யமாக்கினர். பின்னர், இப்பகுதி மகா அலெக்சாண்டரின் பேரரசு மற்றும் ரோமானியப் பேரரசின் விளிம்புகளில் இருந்தது. ===== இடைக்கால ===== கிறித்துவம் நான்காம் நூற்றாண்டில் வந்தது ஆனால் 7 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் இப்பகுதி இரண்டாவது இஸ்லாமிய (உமையாத்) கலிபாவின் ஒரு பகுதியாக மாறியதும் காணாமல் போனது. 11 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் மங்கோலியர்கள் அசர்பைசானைக் கைப்பற்றுவதற்கு முன்பு, கிபி 750 இல் உமையாத் கலிபாவின் வீழ்ச்சிக்குப் பிறகு பல்வேறு உள்ளூர் ராஜ்யங்கள் தோன்றின. ====== நவீன கால தொடக்கம் ====== பல்வேறு மங்கோலியப் பேரரசுகள் பின்வாங்கிய பிறகு, இப்பகுதி பாரசீகர்களின் வசமானது. பாரசீகக் கட்டுப்பாடு இறுக்கமாக இருக்கவில்லை; 19 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் தொடக்கத்தில் ரஷ்யப் பேரரசு தெற்கு நோக்கி விரிவடையும் வரை, மிகவும் சுதந்திரமான கானேட்டுகள் இப்பகுதியைக் கட்டுப்படுத்தின. பாரம்பரிய அஸேரி நிலங்கள் இறுதியில் பாரசீகத்திற்கும் ரஷ்யப் பேரரசிற்கும் இடையில் பிரிக்கப்பட்டன; ரஷ்யப் பேரரசிடம் ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்ட அஸேரி நிலங்களின் பகுதியை இன்றைய அசர்பைசான் குடியரசு உள்ளடக்கியது, அதே நேரத்தில் பாரசீகம் தனது கட்டுப்பாட்டைத் தக்க வைத்துக் கொண்ட பகுதிகள் ஈரானிய அசர்பைசானாக ஈரானின் ஒரு பகுதியாகவே இருக்கின்றன. 19 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதியில் இங்கு முதன்முதலில் எண்ணெய் எடுக்கப்பட்டது. '''சோவியத்''' ரஷ்யப் பேரரசின் வீழ்ச்சியைத் தொடர்ந்து, 1918-ல் அசர்பைசான் ஜனநாயகக் குடியரசு சுருக்கமான காலத்திற்கு உருவானது. இருப்பினும், அந்தப் பிராந்தியத்தில் இருந்த எண்ணெய் வளம் சோவியத் இராணுவத்திற்கு மிக அவசியமானது என்பதை லெனின் உணர்ந்துகொண்டார். இதன் விளைவாக, ஜார்ஜியா மற்றும் ஆர்மீனியாவுடன் சேர்த்து, அசர்பைசானும் 1920-களில் சோவியத் ஒன்றியத்துடன் (USSR) இணைக்கப்பட்டது. இரண்டாம் உலகப் போரின்போதும் அசர்பைசானின் எண்ணெய் வளம் சோவியத்துகளுக்கு மிகவும் முக்கியமானதாக இருந்தது; அந்தப் போரில், அந்நாட்டின் 3.4 மில்லியன் மக்கள் தொகையில் 2,50,000 பேர் போர்க்களத்தில் உயிரிழந்தனர். '''சோவியத் பிந்தைய''' 1991-ல் சோவியத் கட்டுப்பாடு பலவீனமடைந்தபோது, ​​பெரும்பாலும் ஆர்மீனிய இன மக்கள் வசிக்கும் நகோர்னோ-கராபாக் பகுதி, ஆர்மீனியாவின் ஆதரவுடன் அசர்பைசானிடமிருந்து சுதந்திரத்திற்காகப் போராடியதுடன், அதன் அஜேரி மக்களை இனப்படுகொலை செய்தது. அசர்பைசான் தனது 14% நிலப்பரப்பை இழந்ததுடன், சுமார் 800,000 அகதிகளையும் உள்நாட்டில் இடம்பெயர்ந்தவர்களையும் பெற்றது; மேலும், அதன் ஆர்மீனிய மக்களையும் இனப்படுகொலை செய்தது. 1994-ல் போர் நிறுத்தம் ஏற்பட்டபோதிலும், 2023 வரை நகோர்னோ-கராபாக்கின் நிலை தீர்க்கப்படாமல் இருந்தது. அப்போது, ​​ஒரு புதிய அசர்பைசான் தாக்குதல் கிளர்ச்சியாளர்களின் சரணடைதலில் முடிந்தது. நகோர்னோ-கராபாக்கின் ஆர்மீனிய இன மக்கள் பெரும்பாலும் ஆர்மீனியாவிற்குத் தப்பிச் சென்றுள்ளனர், மேலும் அப்பகுதியில் அஜேரி இன மக்கள் மீண்டும் குடியேற்றப்படுவார்கள் என்று எதிர்பார்க்கப்படுகிறது. சுதந்திரத்திற்குப் பிறகு, துருக்கி அசர்பைசானின் மிக நெருங்கிய கூட்டாளியாக இருந்து வருகிறது. இருப்பினும், அமெரிக்காவுடன் இணைந்த ஜார்ஜியாவைப் போலல்லாமல், அசர்பைசானுக்கும் ரஷ்யாவுக்கும் இடையிலான உறவுகள் சுமுகமாகவே உள்ளன. '''பண்பாடு''' மக்கள் தொகையில் பெரும்பான்மையினர் (92%-க்கும் அதிகமானோர்) அசரிகள் (Azeris) ஆவர்; இவர்களின் கலாச்சாரம் துருக்கியின் கலாச்சாரத்துடன் மிகவும் ஒத்திருக்கிறது. அசரிகள் ஈரானின் மிகப்பெரிய இன சிறுபான்மையினராகவும் உள்ளனர்; சுதந்திர அசர்பைசானைக் காட்டிலும் ஈரானிலேயே அதிக எண்ணிக்கையிலான அசரிகள் வாழ்கின்றனர். இருப்பினும், காலப்போக்கில் ரஷ்ய மற்றும் பாரசீக கலாச்சாரங்களின் தாக்கத்தால், அசர்பைசானில் உள்ள அசரிகளுக்கும் ஈரானில் உள்ள அசரிகளுக்கும் இடையே சில வேறுபாடுகள் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளன. குறிப்பாக, சுமார் இரண்டு நூற்றாண்டுகால ரஷ்ய மற்றும் சோவியத் ஆட்சியின் விளைவாக, அசர்பைசானில் உள்ள அசரிகளிடையே இஸ்லாம் குறித்த மிகவும் தாராளமான அணுகுமுறை உருவானது; இருப்பினும், அவர்களில் பெரும்பாலோர் இன்றும் ஷியா முஸ்லிம்களாகவே உள்ளனர். 1991-ல் சுதந்திரம் பெற்ற பிறகு, அசர்பைசான் தனது பரந்த எரிசக்தி வளங்களை மேம்படுத்த மேற்கு ஐரோப்பிய நிறுவனங்களை அனுமதித்தது. இதன் விளைவாக, குறிப்பாக 2000-களின் நடுப்பகுதியிலிருந்து அந்நாட்டின் எண்ணெய் உற்பத்தி பெருமளவு அதிகரித்துள்ளது. இத்தகைய முதலீடுகள் இருந்தபோதிலும், புதிதாகக் கிடைத்த செல்வத்தில் பெரும்பகுதி ஒரு சிலரின் கைகளிலேயே குவிந்துள்ளது. தலைநகர் பாகுவின் மையப்பகுதி புதிய கட்டிடங்களுடனும், வளர்ந்து வரும் நடுத்தர வர்க்கத்துடனும் செழிப்பாகக் காணப்பட்டாலும், நாட்டின் பெரும்பாலான கிராமப்புறங்கள் வறுமையிலும் பின்தங்கிய நிலையிலும் உள்ளன. அந்நாட்டின் அரசாங்கம் தொடர்ந்து கடுமையான சர்வாதிகாரப் போக்கைக் கொண்டிருக்கிறது. '''கொண்டாட்டங்கள்''' இவை அசர்பைசானில் வசிக்கும் மக்களுக்கான தேசிய அளவில் அங்கீகரிக்கப்பட்ட விடுமுறை நாட்களாகும். * புத்தாண்டு (ஜனவரி 1–2) * மகளிர் தினம் (மார்ச் 8) * வெற்றி தினம் (மே 9) * குடியரசு தினம் (மே 28) * அசர்பைசான் மக்களின் தேசிய மீட்பு தினம் (ஜூன் 15) * அசர்பைசான் குடியரசின் படைப்பிரிவு தினம் (ஜூன் 26) * அரசு இறையாண்மை தினம் (அக்டோபர் 18) * அரசியலமைப்பு தினம் (நவம்பர் 12) * தேசிய மறுமலர்ச்சி தினம் (நவம்பர் 17) * உலக அசர்பைசானியர்களின் ஒற்றுமை தினம் (டிசம்பர் 31) * நவ்ரூஸ் பண்டிகை (Novruz Bayram) – 5 நாட்கள் * குர்பான் பெருநாள் (தியாகத் திருநாள்) - 2 நாட்கள் * ஈத் அல்-பித்ர் (ரம்ஜான் பண்டிகை) - 2–3 நாட்கள் == வரலாறு == == வானிலை == == பேச்சுச் மொழி == == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == == வானூர்தியில் == == தொடருந்தில் == == பேருந்தில் == == சிற்றுந்தில் == == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == == செய்யுங்கள் == == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == == சமாளியுங்கள் == == அருகிலுள்ளவை == == அடுத்த இலக்கு == otp9bk27zb0yjpux89iyvpsserfrt9j 7374799 7374627 2026-10-26T09:57:18Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7374799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/pa/Pagebanner|Azerbajiani landscape banner.jpg|caption=அசர்பைசான்}} இந்தக் கட்டுரை ஒரு சுதந்திர நாடான அசர்பைசான் குடியரசைப் பற்றியது. ஈரானில் உள்ள பிராந்தியத்தைப் பற்றி அறிய, 'ஈரானிய அசர்பைசான்' என்பதைப் பார்க்கவும். அசர்பைசான் (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan) என்பது காகசஸில் உள்ள ஒரு முன்னாள் சோவியத் குடியரசு ஆகும், மேலும் இது ஐரோப்பா அல்லது ஆசியாவின் ஒரு பகுதியாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. பெரும்பாலும் "நெருப்பு நிலம்" என்று அழைக்கப்படும் அசர்பைசான், 19-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதியில் பாரசீகப் பேரரசால் ரஷ்யப் பேரரசிடம் ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்டது. == பிராந்தியங்கள் == '''பாகு பிராந்தியம் (Baku Region)''' அசர்பைசானின் அரசியல், பொருளாதார மற்றும் கலாச்சார மையமான இப்பகுதியின் தலைநகரம் பாகு ஆகும். இங்கு 1871-ஆம் ஆண்டு முதல் எண்ணெய் எடுக்கப்பட்டு வருகிறது. '''கஞ்சா பிராந்தியம் (Ganja Region)''' காக்கேசியாவின் மிகப் பழமையான நகரங்களில் ஒன்றான கஞ்சாவையும், அசர்பைசானின் புகழ்பெற்ற பெட்ரோலிய ஸ்பா ஓய்வுத்தலமும் மருத்துவச் சுற்றுலா மையமுமான நாஃப்தலானையும் உள்ளடக்கிய, அசர்பைசானுக்கான நுழைவாயில் இது. '''ஷேகி பிராந்தியம் (Sheki Region)''' ஜார்ஜியாவின் எல்லையில் அமைந்துள்ள, காகசஸ் மலைப்பகுதியைச் சேர்ந்த அழகான பசுமையான பிராந்தியம் இது. அசர்பைசானின் மிக அழகான நகரமான 'ஷேகி' இந்நகரில்தான் அமைந்துள்ளது. '''வடகிழக்கு அசர்பைசான் (Northeastern Azerbaijan)''' பெருங்காக்கேசிய மலைத்தொடரில் அமைந்துள்ள, இனரீதியாகப் பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்ட ஒரு பிரதேசம். இது பசுமையான காடுகளாலும், காஸ்பியன் கடலோரம் அமைந்துள்ள அழகான கடற்கரைகள் மற்றும் ஆடம்பர ஓய்விடங்களாலும் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளது. '''நக்ஷிவான் (Nakhchivan)''' மேற்கில் துருக்கியுடன் எல்லையைப் பகிர்ந்து கொள்ளும் ஒரு தனித்து அமைந்த பகுதி (எக்ஸ்க்லேவ்). '''தெற்கு''' '''அசர்பைசான் (Southern Azerbaijan)''' '''தாலிஷ் பிராந்தியம் (Talysh Region)''' '''கராபாக் (Karabakh)''' நாட்டின் தென்மேற்கே அமைந்துள்ள மலைப்பாங்கான இந்தப் பகுதி, 1994 முதல் 2020 வரை ஐக்கிய நாடுகள் சபையால் அங்கீகரிக்கப்படாத 'நாகோர்னோ-கராபாக் குடியரசு' அமைப்பின் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் பெருமளவு இருந்தது. 2023-ஆம் ஆண்டு முதல், இப்பகுதி முழுமையாக அசர்பைசானின் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் உள்ளது. == நகரங்கள் == அசர்பைசானில் அதிகாரப்பூர்வமாக 'நகரம்' என்ற அந்தஸ்தைப் பெற்ற 71 நகர்ப்புறக் குடியிருப்புகள் உள்ளன. இருப்பினும், அவற்றில் பாகு, சும்காயித் மற்றும் கஞ்சா ஆகிய 3 நகரங்களில் மட்டுமே மக்கள் தொகை 3,00,000-க்கு மேல் உள்ளது; இதில் சும்காயித், நடைமுறையில் இன்று பாகுவின் புறநகர்ப் பகுதியாகவே உள்ளது. அந்நாட்டில் சுற்றிப் பார்ப்பதற்கு மிக முக்கியமான இடங்கள் இதோ: '''1. பாகு /பாகி (Baku / Bakı)''' — காகசஸ் பகுதியின் தலைநகரம் மற்றும் மிகப்பெரிய நகரம். '''2. கஞ்சா (Ganja)''' — அசர்பைசானின் இரண்டாவது மிகப்பெரிய நகரமான இது, நீண்ட வரலாற்றையும், சில முக்கியமான இடங்களையும், சுவாரஸ்யமான மற்றும் பன்முகத்தன்மை கொண்ட கட்டிடக்கலையையும் கொண்டுள்ளது. '''3. லங்கரான் (Lankaran)''' — ஈரானிய எல்லைக்கு அருகிலுள்ள தெற்கு நகரம். '''4'''. '''நக்கிச்சவான் (Nakhchivan)''' —அசர்பைசானின் நக்கிச்சவான் நகரம் வெளிப்பகுதியின் நிர்வாகத் தலைநகரம். '''5. கபாலா (Qabala)''' — காகசஸ் மலைத்தொடரின் ஆழமான பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு புதிய சுற்றுலா நகரம்; இது, இங்கிருந்து தென்மேற்கே சுமார் 20 கி.மீ தொலைவில் உள்ள தொல்பொருள் தளத்தின் பெயரைத் தனக்குக் கொண்டுள்ளது. '''6. ஷேகி (Sheki)''' — காகசஸ் மலைத்தொடரின் காடுகள் நிறைந்த பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு அழகான நகரம்; இங்கு பார்ப்பதற்கும் செய்வதற்கும் பல விஷயங்கள் உள்ளன. அசர்பைசானின் 2,700 ஆண்டுகால வரலாற்றைப் பறைசாற்றும் கலாச்சார வளங்கள் மற்றும் நினைவுச்சின்னங்கள் மிக அதிக அளவில் செறிந்து காணப்படும் இடங்களில் இதுவும் ஒன்றாகும். '''7. ஷமாகா (Shemakha)''' — பாகுவுக்கு முன்பு ஷிர்வன்ஷாக்களின் தலைநகராக இருந்த நகரம். '''8. சும்காயிட் (Sumqayit)''' — இங்குள்ள தொழிற்சாலைகள் காரணமாக, அமெரிக்க சுற்றுச்சூழல் மாசு குறித்த அமைப்பான 'பிளாக்ஸ்மித் இன்ஸ்டிடியூட்' (Blacksmith Institute), 2006 மற்றும் 2007 ஆகிய இரு ஆண்டுகளிலும், உலகின் மிகவும் மாசுபட்ட நகரங்களின் பட்டியலில் இந்த நகரத்தை முதலிடத்தில் வைத்திருந்தது. == பிற சேருமிடங்கள் == '''குறிப்பிடத்தக்க தேசிய பூங்காக்கள் மற்றும் காப்பகங்கள்''' '''1. கோபுஸ்தான் தேசிய வரலாற்று-கலை காப்பகம் (Qobustan National Historical-Artistic Reserve)''' — இது அதன் பாறைச் செதுக்கல்களுக்கும் (யுனெஸ்கோ உலக பாரம்பரிய தளம்) மற்றும் சேற்று எரிமலைகளுக்கும் மிகவும் பிரபலமானது. சேற்று எரிமலைகளைப் பொறுத்தவரை, இன்னும் சற்று தெற்கே உள்ள சுதந்திரமான தளம் ஒரு சிறந்த தேர்வாக இருக்கலாம்; பாகு பிராந்தியத்தைப் பார்க்கவும். '''2. கோய்கோல் (Goygol) தேசியப் பூங்கா''' — கஞ்சாவிலிருந்து சுமார் 25 கிமீ தொலைவில், டோகனாலிக்கு அருகில். 1139 ஆம் ஆண்டில் ஒரு வலுவான பூகம்பத்தின் போது உருவாக்கப்பட்டது, ஒரு ஹைகிங் மற்றும் ஓய்வு இடம். '''3'''.'''இஸ்மாயிலி ஸ்டேட் ரிசர்வ் (Ismaili State Reserve)''' — இது ஒரு தேசியப் பூங்கா, இங்கு சில ஆடம்பரமான தங்கும் விடுதிகளும் உள்ளன. '''குறிப்பிடத்தக்க நகரங்களும் கிராமங்களும்''' '''3. கினாலுக் (Khinalug/Xinaliq)''' — இது ஒரு அழகான, தொலைதூர மற்றும் பழமையான மலைக் கிராமம்; இதன் அருகிலேயே இதே பெயரைக் கொண்ட மலையும் அமைந்துள்ளது. ஒரு காலத்தில் சொராஷ்டிரிய மதத்தின் மையமாகத் திகழ்ந்த இந்த இடத்தில், இன்று வசிக்கும் மிகச் சில மக்கள் ஒரு தனித்துவமான இனக்குழுவைச் சேர்ந்தவர்கள். இவர்கள் காகசஸ் அல்பேனியர்களின் (தற்போதைய அல்பேனியா நாட்டு மக்களுடன் எவ்விதத் தொடர்பும் இல்லாதவர்கள்) வழித்தோன்றல்கள் என்று கருதப்படுகிறார்கள். '''4. நாப்ரான் /நெப்ரான் (Nabran/ Nebran)'''— நாப்ரான் பல பொழுதுபோக்கு வசதிகளைக் கொண்ட இடமாகும்; இங்கு சொகுசு தங்குமிடங்கள், விளையாட்டு நடவடிக்கைகள், குழந்தைகளுக்கான முகாம்கள் மற்றும் இசை சார்ந்த பொழுதுபோக்கு இடங்கள் எனப் பல்வேறு சேவைகள் வழங்கப்படுகின்றன. '''5. குபா (Quba)''' — இதன் நகர்ப்புறப் புறநகர்ப் பகுதியில் மலைப்பகுதிகளிலேயே மிகப்பெரிய அசர்பைசானி யூத சமூகம் வசிக்கிறது; இது முன்னாள் சோவியத் ஒன்றியத்தின் மிகப்பெரிய யூத சமூகங்களில் ஒன்றாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. '''6. லாஹிச் (Lahich)''' — காகசஸ் மலைகள் வழியாக குபா (Quba) நோக்கிச் செல்லும் நடைப்பயணங்களுக்கான ஒரு வசதியான, தொலைதூர மலைக்கிராமம்; இது ஒரு "தள முகாம்"மாகவும் (base camp) செயல்படக்கூடியது. '''7. காக்ஸ் (Qax)''' — ஷேக்கியைத் தவிர காகசியன் மலைகளுக்குள் செல்லும் ஒரு நுழைவாயில், மற்றும் சரிபாஸ் மற்றும் அலசான் பள்ளத்தாக்கை நோக்கிய மலையேற்றப் பயணங்களுக்கான "அடிப்படை முகாம்". '''8. நிஜ் / நிக் (Nij /Nic)''' — அழிவின் விளிம்பில் உள்ள கிறிஸ்தவ இனக்குழுவான 'உடின்' (Udins) மக்கள் வாழும் மிகப்பெரிய கிராமம். '''9. கோய்கோல் (Goygol)''' — கஞ்சாவின் புறநகர்ப் பகுதியில் அமைந்துள்ள, கட்டாயம் பார்க்க வேண்டிய ஒரு ஜெர்மானிய நகரம். இது முன்னர் கான்லார் (சான்லார்) மற்றும் ஹெலனென்டார்ஃப் என்று அழைக்கப்பட்டது. பவேரியாவின் சுவாபியாவைச் சேர்ந்த ஜெர்மானிய விவசாயிகளால் இது நிறுவப்பட்டது. இன்று, இந்த நகரம் ஒரு லூத்தரன் தேவாலயம் உட்பட, சிறந்த நிலையில் உள்ள மற்றும் பகுதியளவு புதுப்பிக்கப்பட்ட ஒரு பழைய ஜெர்மானியப் பகுதியாகத் திகழ்கிறது. 1990-ல் அகழ்வாராய்ச்சி செய்யப்பட்ட ஒரு பெரிய கல்லறையிலிருந்து கண்டெடுக்கப்பட்ட பொருட்களை (எ.கா. வெண்கல ஆயுதங்கள், நகைகள், மட்பாண்டங்கள் போன்றவை) ஒரு உள்ளூர் அருங்காட்சியகம் காட்சிப்படுத்துகிறது. '''10. ஷம்கிர் (Shamkir)''' — இதுவும் ஜெர்மானியர்கள் குடியேறிய ஒரு நகரமாகும். இங்கு கோன்யாக் மற்றும் ஒயின் தயாரிப்பிற்கான திராட்சைத் தோட்டங்கள் உள்ளன. == புரிந்துகொள்ளுங்கள் == === வரலாறு === கிழக்கிற்கும் மேற்கிற்கும் இடையிலான சந்திப்பில் எப்போதும் இருந்து வரும் அசர்பைசான், பல பெரும் பேரரசுகளின் வருகையையும் மறைவையும் கண்டுள்ளது. ==== பண்டைய ==== நாட்டின் சிறந்த ஈர்ப்புகளில் சில கோபஸ்தான் பெட்ரோகிளிஃப்ஸ் ஆகும். 40,000 - 5,000 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பு இப்பகுதியில் வாழ்ந்த மக்களின் அடையாளங்கள் இவை. கிமு 900-700 இல் சித்தியர்களும் ஈரானிய மேதியர்களும் இப்பகுதியை ஆக்கிரமித்தனர். கிமு 550 இல் ஜோராஸ்ட்ரியனிசத்தை அறிமுகப்படுத்தியதன் மூலம் அச்செமனிட்ஸ் விஷயங்களை சுவாரஸ்யமாக்கினர். பின்னர், இப்பகுதி மகா அலெக்சாண்டரின் பேரரசு மற்றும் ரோமானியப் பேரரசின் விளிம்புகளில் இருந்தது. ===== இடைக்கால ===== கிறித்துவம் நான்காம் நூற்றாண்டில் வந்தது ஆனால் 7 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் இப்பகுதி இரண்டாவது இஸ்லாமிய (உமையாத்) கலிபாவின் ஒரு பகுதியாக மாறியதும் காணாமல் போனது. 11 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் மங்கோலியர்கள் அசர்பைசானைக் கைப்பற்றுவதற்கு முன்பு, கிபி 750 இல் உமையாத் கலிபாவின் வீழ்ச்சிக்குப் பிறகு பல்வேறு உள்ளூர் ராஜ்யங்கள் தோன்றின. ====== நவீன கால தொடக்கம் ====== பல்வேறு மங்கோலியப் பேரரசுகள் பின்வாங்கிய பிறகு, இப்பகுதி பாரசீகர்களின் வசமானது. பாரசீகக் கட்டுப்பாடு இறுக்கமாக இருக்கவில்லை; 19 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் தொடக்கத்தில் ரஷ்யப் பேரரசு தெற்கு நோக்கி விரிவடையும் வரை, மிகவும் சுதந்திரமான கானேட்டுகள் இப்பகுதியைக் கட்டுப்படுத்தின. பாரம்பரிய அஸேரி நிலங்கள் இறுதியில் பாரசீகத்திற்கும் ரஷ்யப் பேரரசிற்கும் இடையில் பிரிக்கப்பட்டன; ரஷ்யப் பேரரசிடம் ஒப்படைக்கப்பட்ட அஸேரி நிலங்களின் பகுதியை இன்றைய அசர்பைசான் குடியரசு உள்ளடக்கியது, அதே நேரத்தில் பாரசீகம் தனது கட்டுப்பாட்டைத் தக்க வைத்துக் கொண்ட பகுதிகள் ஈரானிய அசர்பைசானாக ஈரானின் ஒரு பகுதியாகவே இருக்கின்றன. 19 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டின் பிற்பகுதியில் இங்கு முதன்முதலில் எண்ணெய் எடுக்கப்பட்டது. '''சோவியத்''' ரஷ்யப் பேரரசின் வீழ்ச்சியைத் தொடர்ந்து, 1918-ல் அசர்பைசான் ஜனநாயகக் குடியரசு சுருக்கமான காலத்திற்கு உருவானது. இருப்பினும், அந்தப் பிராந்தியத்தில் இருந்த எண்ணெய் வளம் சோவியத் இராணுவத்திற்கு மிக அவசியமானது என்பதை லெனின் உணர்ந்துகொண்டார். இதன் விளைவாக, ஜார்ஜியா மற்றும் ஆர்மீனியாவுடன் சேர்த்து, அசர்பைசானும் 1920-களில் சோவியத் ஒன்றியத்துடன் (USSR) இணைக்கப்பட்டது. இரண்டாம் உலகப் போரின்போதும் அசர்பைசானின் எண்ணெய் வளம் சோவியத்துகளுக்கு மிகவும் முக்கியமானதாக இருந்தது; அந்தப் போரில், அந்நாட்டின் 3.4 மில்லியன் மக்கள் தொகையில் 2,50,000 பேர் போர்க்களத்தில் உயிரிழந்தனர். '''சோவியத் பிந்தைய''' 1991-ல் சோவியத் கட்டுப்பாடு பலவீனமடைந்தபோது, ​​பெரும்பாலும் ஆர்மீனிய இன மக்கள் வசிக்கும் நகோர்னோ-கராபாக் பகுதி, ஆர்மீனியாவின் ஆதரவுடன் அசர்பைசானிடமிருந்து சுதந்திரத்திற்காகப் போராடியதுடன், அதன் அஜேரி மக்களை இனப்படுகொலை செய்தது. அசர்பைசான் தனது 14% நிலப்பரப்பை இழந்ததுடன், சுமார் 800,000 அகதிகளையும் உள்நாட்டில் இடம்பெயர்ந்தவர்களையும் பெற்றது; மேலும், அதன் ஆர்மீனிய மக்களையும் இனப்படுகொலை செய்தது. 1994-ல் போர் நிறுத்தம் ஏற்பட்டபோதிலும், 2023 வரை நகோர்னோ-கராபாக்கின் நிலை தீர்க்கப்படாமல் இருந்தது. அப்போது, ​​ஒரு புதிய அசர்பைசான் தாக்குதல் கிளர்ச்சியாளர்களின் சரணடைதலில் முடிந்தது. நகோர்னோ-கராபாக்கின் ஆர்மீனிய இன மக்கள் பெரும்பாலும் ஆர்மீனியாவிற்குத் தப்பிச் சென்றுள்ளனர், மேலும் அப்பகுதியில் அஜேரி இன மக்கள் மீண்டும் குடியேற்றப்படுவார்கள் என்று எதிர்பார்க்கப்படுகிறது. சுதந்திரத்திற்குப் பிறகு, துருக்கி அசர்பைசானின் மிக நெருங்கிய கூட்டாளியாக இருந்து வருகிறது. இருப்பினும், அமெரிக்காவுடன் இணைந்த ஜார்ஜியாவைப் போலல்லாமல், அசர்பைசானுக்கும் ரஷ்யாவுக்கும் இடையிலான உறவுகள் சுமுகமாகவே உள்ளன. '''பண்பாடு''' மக்கள் தொகையில் பெரும்பான்மையினர் (92%-க்கும் அதிகமானோர்) அசரிகள் (Azeris) ஆவர்; இவர்களின் கலாச்சாரம் துருக்கியின் கலாச்சாரத்துடன் மிகவும் ஒத்திருக்கிறது. அசரிகள் ஈரானின் மிகப்பெரிய இன சிறுபான்மையினராகவும் உள்ளனர்; சுதந்திர அசர்பைசானைக் காட்டிலும் ஈரானிலேயே அதிக எண்ணிக்கையிலான அசரிகள் வாழ்கின்றனர். இருப்பினும், காலப்போக்கில் ரஷ்ய மற்றும் பாரசீக கலாச்சாரங்களின் தாக்கத்தால், அசர்பைசானில் உள்ள அசரிகளுக்கும் ஈரானில் உள்ள அசரிகளுக்கும் இடையே சில வேறுபாடுகள் ஏற்பட்டுள்ளன. குறிப்பாக, சுமார் இரண்டு நூற்றாண்டுகால ரஷ்ய மற்றும் சோவியத் ஆட்சியின் விளைவாக, அசர்பைசானில் உள்ள அசரிகளிடையே இஸ்லாம் குறித்த மிகவும் தாராளமான அணுகுமுறை உருவானது; இருப்பினும், அவர்களில் பெரும்பாலோர் இன்றும் ஷியா முஸ்லிம்களாகவே உள்ளனர். 1991-ல் சுதந்திரம் பெற்ற பிறகு, அசர்பைசான் தனது பரந்த எரிசக்தி வளங்களை மேம்படுத்த மேற்கு ஐரோப்பிய நிறுவனங்களை அனுமதித்தது. இதன் விளைவாக, குறிப்பாக 2000-களின் நடுப்பகுதியிலிருந்து அந்நாட்டின் எண்ணெய் உற்பத்தி பெருமளவு அதிகரித்துள்ளது. இத்தகைய முதலீடுகள் இருந்தபோதிலும், புதிதாகக் கிடைத்த செல்வத்தில் பெரும்பகுதி ஒரு சிலரின் கைகளிலேயே குவிந்துள்ளது. தலைநகர் பாகுவின் மையப்பகுதி புதிய கட்டிடங்களுடனும், வளர்ந்து வரும் நடுத்தர வர்க்கத்துடனும் செழிப்பாகக் காணப்பட்டாலும், நாட்டின் பெரும்பாலான கிராமப்புறங்கள் வறுமையிலும் பின்தங்கிய நிலையிலும் உள்ளன. அந்நாட்டின் அரசாங்கம் தொடர்ந்து கடுமையான சர்வாதிகாரப் போக்கைக் கொண்டிருக்கிறது. '''கொண்டாட்டங்கள்''' இவை அசர்பைசானில் வசிக்கும் மக்களுக்கான தேசிய அளவில் அங்கீகரிக்கப்பட்ட விடுமுறை நாட்களாகும். * புத்தாண்டு (ஜனவரி 1–2) * மகளிர் தினம் (மார்ச் 8) * வெற்றி தினம் (மே 9) * குடியரசு தினம் (மே 28) * அசர்பைசான் மக்களின் தேசிய மீட்பு தினம் (ஜூன் 15) * அசர்பைசான் குடியரசின் படைப்பிரிவு தினம் (ஜூன் 26) * அரசு இறையாண்மை தினம் (அக்டோபர் 18) * அரசியலமைப்பு தினம் (நவம்பர் 12) * தேசிய மறுமலர்ச்சி தினம் (நவம்பர் 17) * உலக அசர்பைசானியர்களின் ஒற்றுமை தினம் (டிசம்பர் 31) * நவ்ரூஸ் பண்டிகை (Novruz Bayram) – 5 நாட்கள் * குர்பான் பெருநாள் (தியாகத் திருநாள்) - 2 நாட்கள் * ஈத் அல்-பித்ர் (ரம்ஜான் பண்டிகை) - 2–3 நாட்கள் == வானிலை == அசர்பைசான், உலகில் உள்ள 11 சூழலியல் மண்டலங்களில் ஒன்பதைக் கொண்ட நாடாக அறியப்படுகிறது. இந்நாட்டின் பெரும்பகுதிகளில் ஆண்டு முழுவதும் மிதமான காலநிலையே நிலவுகிறது. நாடு தழுவிய அளவில், ஆண்டு சராசரி வெப்பநிலை 14-15°C (57-59°F) ஆக உள்ளது. குளிர்காலத்தில் ரஷ்யாவைப் பாதிக்கும் ஆர்க்டிக் காற்றுத் (காற்று நிறை) தொகுதிகளிலிருந்து காகசஸ் மலைத்தொடர் இந்நாட்டைப் பாதுகாக்கிறது; அதே சமயம் கோடைகாலத்தில் மத்திய ஆசியாவிலிருந்து வீசும் வெப்பமான, வறண்ட காற்றிலிருந்து காஸ்பியன் கடல் இந்நாட்டைப் பாதுகாக்கிறது. குளிர்காலத்தில், தாழ்வான நிலப்பகுதிகளிலும் கடற்கரையோரங்களிலும் வெப்பநிலை குளிர்ச்சியாக (0-10°C/32-59°F) இருக்கும். உட்புறப் பகுதிகளை நோக்கிச் செல்லும்போது வெப்பநிலை படிப்படியாகக் குறைகிறது; மலைப்பகுதிகளில் இது மிகக் கடுமையாகக் குறைந்து, காகசஸ் மலைத்தொடரில் -20°C (-4°F) வரை கூடச் செல்லக்கூடும். கோடைகாலத்தில், நாட்டின் பெரும்பகுதிகளில் வெப்பநிலை மிதமான வெப்பம் முதல் அதிக வெப்பம் (20-40°C/68-104°F) வரை காணப்படுவதுடன், ஈரப்பதமும் அதிகமாக இருக்கும்; இருப்பினும், கடற்கரையோரங்களில் காஸ்பியன் கடலிலிருந்து வீசும் காற்று சற்று இதமான சூழலை வழங்குகிறது. நக்ஜிவான் (Nakhchivan) பகுதி முற்றிலும் மாறுபட்டது; இது உயரமான மற்றும் வறண்ட நிலப்பகுதியாகும். இங்கு கோடைகாலத்தில் வெப்பநிலை எளிதாக 40°C (104°F)-ஐத் தாண்டிவிடும், அதே சமயம் குளிர்கால இரவுகளில் வெப்பநிலை -20°C (-4°F)-க்கும் கீழே சென்றுவிடும். உண்மையில், இந்நாட்டின் மிகக்குறைந்த மற்றும் மிக அதிக வெப்பநிலைகள் (-33°C/-27°F மற்றும் 46°C/115°F) ஆகிய இரண்டுமே தெற்கு நக்ஜிவான் பகுதியில்தான் பதிவாகியுள்ளன! பாகு மற்றும் கடற்கரையோரங்களில் பொதுவாக பனி அரிதாக இருக்கும், அதே சமயம் பொதுவாக உள்நாட்டு மற்றும் மலைகளில் ஏராளமாக இருக்கும், குளிர்காலத்தில் பல கிராமங்கள் துண்டிக்கப்படலாம். தெற்கு காடுகள் நாட்டின் ஈரமான பகுதியாகும், இலையுதிர்காலத்தின் பிற்பகுதியிலும் வசந்த காலத்தின் துவக்கத்திலும் ஏராளமான மழை பெய்யும். மேற்கு மத்திய கடற்கரை மிகவும் வறண்டது. லங்காரன் அதிக வருடாந்திர மழைப்பொழிவைப் பெறுகிறது (1600–1800 மிமீ/63–71 அங்குலம்) அதே சமயம் பாகுவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பகுதி சராசரியாக 200 மிமீ (8 அங்குலம்) ஆகும். சிகாகோ அல்லது வெலிங்டனைப் போலவே பாகு மிகவும் தென்றலாக இருக்கும். '''நிலப்பரப்பு''' குரா-அராக்ஸ் தாழ்நிலத்தின் (Kur-Araz Ovaligi) பெரும்பகுதி கடல் மட்டத்திற்குக் கீழே அமைந்துள்ளது; இதன் வடக்குப் பகுதியில் பிரம்மாண்டமான காகசஸ் மலைத்தொடர் உயர்ந்து நிற்கிறது. மேற்கே கரபாக் உயர்நிலம் (Qarabag Yaylasi) அமைந்துள்ளது; அதே சமயம், காஸ்பியன் கடலுக்குள் நீட்டிக்கொண்டிருக்கும் அப்செரோன் தீபகற்பத்தில் (Abseron Yasaqligi) பாகு நகரம் அமைந்துள்ளது. மிகத்தாழ்ந்த புள்ளி காஸ்பியன் கடல் (–27 மீ / –89 அடி) ஆகும்; மிக உயர்ந்த புள்ளி பஸார்துசு தாகி (Bazarduzu Dagi) ஆகும், இதன் உயரம் 4,466 மீ (14,652 அடி) ஆகும். அப்செரோன் பகுதி (பாகு மற்றும் சும்காயிட் உட்பட) மற்றும் காஸ்பியன் கடல் ஆகியவை, ஒரு நூற்றாண்டுக்கும் மேலாக நீடிக்கும் எண்ணெய் கசிவுகளால் ஏற்படும் மாசுபாட்டின் காரணமாக சுற்றுச்சூழல் கவலைக்குரிய இடங்களாக உள்ளன. தலைநகரில் நிலவும் அதிகப்படியான வாகனப் போக்குவரத்தும் கடுமையான மாசுபாட்டிற்கு ஒரு காரணமாக அமைகிறது. '''பொருளாதாரம்''' அசர்பைசானின் முதன்மையான ஏற்றுமதிப் பொருள் கச்சா எண்ணெய் ஆகும். அந்நாட்டின் எண்ணெய் உற்பத்தி 1997-ஆம் ஆண்டு வரை சரிவைச் சந்தித்தாலும், அதன்பிறகு ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் வளர்ச்சியைக் கண்டு வருகிறது. வெளிநாட்டு நிறுவனங்களுடன் மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்ட 'உற்பத்திப் பகிர்வு ஒப்பந்தங்கள்' (PSAs) மூலம், இதுவரை 60 பில்லியன் டாலர் முதலீடு எண்ணெய் வயல் மேம்பாட்டிற்காக ஒதுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இந்த முதலீடுகள், எதிர்கால தொழில் வளர்ச்சியை ஊக்குவிப்பதற்குத் தேவையான நிதியை வழங்கும் என்று எதிர்பார்க்கப்படுகிறது. முன்னாள் சோவியத் குடியரசுகள் திட்டமிட்ட பொருளாதார அமைப்பிலிருந்து சந்தைப் பொருளாதாரத்திற்கு மாறும்போது எதிர்கொள்ளும் அனைத்துக் கடினமான சிக்கல்களும் அசர்பைசானுக்கும் உண்டு; இருப்பினும், அதன் கணிசமான எரிசக்தி வளங்கள் அதன் நீண்டகால எதிர்கால வாய்ப்புகளை மேம்படுத்துகின்றன. அரசாங்கம் பொருளாதாரச் சீர்திருத்தங்களை நோக்கி முன்னேறத் தொடங்கியுள்ளது; பழைய பொருளாதாரத் தொடர்புகளும் கட்டமைப்புகளும் மெல்ல மெல்ல மாற்றப்பட்டு வருகின்றன. நாகோர்னோ-கராபாக் பிராந்தியம் தொடர்பாக ஆர்மீனியாவுடன் தொடர்ந்து நீடிக்கும் மோதல், பொருளாதார முன்னேற்றத்திற்கு—குறிப்பாக எரிசக்தி அல்லாத துறைகளில் வெளிநாட்டு முதலீடுகளை அதிகரிப்பதற்கு—ஒரு தடையாக உள்ளது. ரஷ்யா மற்றும் முன்னாள் சோவியத் குடியரசுகளுடனான வர்த்தகத்தின் முக்கியத்துவம் குறைந்து வரும் அதே வேளையில், துருக்கி மற்றும் ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகளுடனான வர்த்தகம் வளர்ந்து வருகிறது. நீண்டகால எதிர்கால வாய்ப்புகள், உலகளாவிய கச்சா எண்ணெய் விலைகள், இப்பகுதியில் அமைக்கப்படவுள்ள புதிய குழாய்த்தொடர்களின் இருப்பிடம் மற்றும் அசர்பைசான் தனது எண்ணெய் வளத்தை எவ்வாறு கையாள்கிறது என்பதைப் பொறுத்தே அமையும். '''மின்சாரம்''' மின்சாரம் 220 V மற்றும் 50 Hz அளவில் வழங்கப்படுகிறது. மின் இணைப்பகங்கள் (sockets) ஐரோப்பிய தரநிலையான CEE-7/7 ("Schukostecker" அல்லது "Schuko") வகையைச் சேர்ந்தவை; அல்லது அவற்றுடன் இணக்கமான, ஆனால் தரை இணைப்பு (grounding) வசதி இல்லாத CEE-7/16 ("Europlug") வகையைச் சேர்ந்தவை. எனவே, அமெரிக்கா மற்றும் கனடாவிலிருந்து வருபவர்கள், அசர்பைசானில் வட அமெரிக்க மின் சாதனங்களைப் பயன்படுத்தத் திட்டமிட்டால், இந்த மின் இணைப்பகங்களுக்கு ஏற்ற துணைப்பொறி (adapter) உடன் எடுத்துச் செல்வது அவசியம். மேலும், சில பழைய கட்டிடங்களில் சோவியத் காலத்து மின் இணைப்பகங்கள் (outlets) இன்னும் இருக்கலாம். சோவியத் காலத்து GOST-7396 தரநிலை, தற்போதைய ஐரோப்பிய CEE-7/7 "ஷுகோ" (Schuko) செருகி (பிளக்) தரநிலையை ஒத்திருந்தது. இருப்பினும், சோவியத் தரநிலையின் பின்கள் (pins) 4.0 மிமீ விட்டம் கொண்டவை, அதே சமயம் ஷுகோ செருகி (பிளக்கின்) பின்கள் 4.8 மிமீ விட்டம் கொண்டவை. எனவே, ஷுகோ பிளக்கின் பின்கள் சோவியத் காலத்து மின் இணைப்பகங்களுக்குள் நுழைய முடியாத அளவுக்குப் பெரியதாக இருக்கலாம்; ஆனால், சிறிய அளவிலான 'யூரோபிளக்' (Europlug) இதில் பொருந்தும். சோவியத் காலத்து மின் இணைப்பகங்கள் பெரும்பாலும் பயன்பாட்டிலிருந்து நீக்கப்பட்டுவிட்டாலும், எந்நேரமும் மின் இணைப்பைப் பெறுவதை உறுதி செய்ய விரும்பும் பயணிகள், முன்னெச்சரிக்கை நடவடிக்கையாக சோவியத் காலத்து மின் இணைப்பகங்களுக்கான துணைப்பொறி (adapter) ஒன்றையும் உடன் எடுத்துச் செல்வது நல்லது. மேலும், உங்களுடைய சொந்த தானியங்கி மின்னழுத்த துணைப்பொறி (அடாப்டரைக்) கொண்டு வருவதை உறுதிப்படுத்திக் கொள்ளுங்கள், ஏனெனில் அசர்பைசானில் மின்சாரம் அடிக்கடி குறுக்குச் சுற்றுக்கு உள்ளாகித் தாவுகிறது, நீங்கள் துணைப்பொறி (அடாப்டரைக்) கொண்டு வராவிட்டால் பல பொருட்கள் சேதமடையக்கூடும். == பேச்சுச் மொழி == மேலும் காண்க: அசர்பைசானி சொற்றொடர் (Azerbaijani phrasebook ) புத்தகம் மற்றும் ரஷ்ய சொற்றொடர் (Russian phrasebook) புத்தகம் அசர்பைசானின் அதிகாரப்பூர்வ மொழி அஸேரி (Azeri) அல்லது அசர்பைசானி ஆகும்; இது அந்நாட்டு மக்கள் தொகையில் 90-95% பேர்களால் பேசப்படுகிறது. அஸேரி ஒரு துருக்கிய மொழிக் குடும்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்த மொழியாகும், இது துருக்கிய மொழியுடன் அதிக அளவிலான பரஸ்பர புரிதல் தன்மையைக் கொண்டுள்ளது. எனவே, துருக்கிய மொழி பேசுபவர்களுக்கு அந்நாட்டில் பயணம் செய்வதிலோ அல்லது தொடர்புகொள்வதிலோ எந்தச் சிக்கலும் இருக்காது. பெரும்பாலான மக்கள் ரஷ்ய மொழியைப் பேசுகிறார்கள்; இது அந்நாட்டின் பொதுத் தொடர்பாடல் மொழியாக (lingua franca) பரவலாகக் கருதப்படுகிறது. ஆங்கிலம் அவ்வளவு பரவலாகப் பேசப்படுவதில்லை, ஆனால் அது படிப்படியாக மிகவும் பிரபலமான ஒரு வெளிநாட்டு மொழியாக மாறி வருகிறது. பாகு (Baku) நகரில் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுபவர்களைக் காண்பதற்கான வாய்ப்பு அதிகம். == சென்று அடையுங்கள் == 2026-ஆம் ஆண்டு மே மாத நிலவரப்படி, அசர்பைசானின் அண்டை நாடுகளுடனான தரைவழி எல்லைகளில் பெரும்பாலானவை பொதுமக்களின் நடமாட்டத்திற்கு மூடப்பட்டுள்ளன. சர்வதேச விமான நிலையங்கள் வழியாக மட்டுமே அந்நாட்டிற்குள் சட்டப்பூர்வமாக நுழைய முடியும். தரைவழி எல்லைகள் வெளியேறுவதற்கு மட்டுமே பயன்படுகின்றன, மேலும் அவை அந்நாட்டின் குடிமக்கள் அல்லாதவர்களுக்கு மட்டுமே அனுமதிக்கப்படுகின்றன. === நுழைவு இசைவு (விசா) தேவைகள் === 2016-ஆம் ஆண்டில், அசர்பைசான் பின்வரும் நாடுகளின் குடிமக்களுக்காக ஒரு புதிய, ஒருமுறை மட்டுமே பயன்படுத்தக்கூடிய மின்னணு நுழைவு இசைவு (விசாவை -eVisa) அறிமுகப்படுத்தியது ஐரோப்பிய ஒன்றியத்தின் அனைத்து உறுப்பு நாடுகளும், அத்துடன் அன்டோரா, அல்பேனியா, போஸ்னியா மற்றும் ஹெர்சகோவினா, ஐஸ்லாந்து, லீக்டன்ஸ்டைன், மொனாக்கோ, மாண்டினீக்ரோ, வடக்கு மாசிடோனியா, நார்வே, சான் மரினோ, செர்பியா, சுவிட்சர்லாந்து, ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம் மற்றும் வத்திக்கான் நகரம் அல்ஜீரியா, அர்ஜென்டினா, ஆஸ்திரேலியா, பஹ்ரைன், பிரேசில், புருனே, கனடா, சிலி, சீனா (ஹாங்காங் மற்றும் மக்காவ் உட்பட), கொலம்பியா, கோஸ்டாரிகா, கியூபா, ஈக்வடார், குவாத்தமாலா, இந்தியா, இந்தோனேசியா, ஈரான், இஸ்ரேல், ஜப்பான், ஜோர்டான், குவைத், மலேசியா, மாலத்தீவுகள், மொரிஷியஸ், மெக்சிகோ, மங்கோலியா, மொராக்கோ, நேபாளம், நியூசிலாந்து, ஓமன், பாகிஸ்தான், பனாமா, பெரு, கத்தார், சவுதி அரேபியா, செஷல்ஸ், சிங்கப்பூர், தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா, தென் கொரியா, இலங்கை, தாய்லாந்து, துருக்கி, துர்க்மெனிஸ்தான், ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம், அமெரிக்கா மற்றும் வியட்நாம் அசர்பைசானின் அனுமதியின்றி நகோர்னோ-கராபாக் பகுதிக்குச் சென்றதற்கான ஏதேனும் ஆதாரம் கண்டறியப்பட்டால், அது நிரந்தரத் தடைக்கும், அங்கு வந்தடையும்போது கைது செய்யப்படுவதற்கும் வழிவகுக்கும். நுழைவு இசைவு (விசாவை -eVisa) US$20, நிர்வாகக் கட்டணமாக US$9, மற்றும் கிரெடிட் கார்டு கட்டணமாக US$1 கூடுதலாகச் செலுத்த வேண்டும். விண்ணப்பித்த பிறகு அடுத்த மூன்று மாதங்களுக்குள் 30 நாட்களுக்கு இது செல்லுபடியாகும். இதை evisa.gov.az என்ற இணையதளத்தில் வாங்கலாம் – உங்கள் கடவுச்சீட்டின் நகல் மற்றும் நீங்கள் தங்கும் இடத்தின் முகவரி ஆகியவற்றை வழங்க வேண்டும். எச்சரிக்கை: evisa.com.az என்ற பெயரில் ஒரு போலி அதிகாரப்பூர்வ இணையதளமும் உள்ளது – அதுவும் நுழைவு இசைவு (விசாக்களை) வழங்குகிறது, ஆனால் அதிக விலை கொண்ட சுற்றுலாவையோ அல்லது விலையுயர்ந்த தங்கும் விடுதி தேர்ந்தெடுகும்படி உங்களைக் கட்டாயப்படுத்துகிறது. பெலாரஸ், ​​ஜார்ஜியா, கஜகஸ்தான், கிர்கிஸ்தான், மால்டோவா, ரஷ்யா, தஜிகிஸ்தான், உக்ரைன் மற்றும் உஸ்பெகிஸ்தான் ஆகிய நாடுகளின் குடிமக்கள் 90 நாட்கள் அல்லது அதற்கும் குறைவான கால தங்குதல்களுக்கு நுழைவு இசைவு (விசா) தேவையில்லை. மற்ற அனைத்து நாடுகளின் குடிமக்களும், தூதரக சேவைகளை வழங்கும் எந்தவொரு அசர்பைசான் தூதரகத்திலிருந்தும் அஞ்சல் மூலமாகவோ அல்லது நேரில் சென்றோ விசாக்களைப் பெறலாம். அசர்பைசானில் உள்ள ஒரு தொடர்பாளரிடமிருந்து அழைப்புக் கடிதம் (LOI) தேவைப்படுகிறது. அசர்பைசானில் 15 நாட்களுக்கு மேல் தங்கும் வெளிநாட்டினர், வருகை தந்த 15 வேலை நாட்களுக்குள் அரசு குடியேற்ற சேவையகத்தில் (State Migration Service) பதிவு செய்துகொள்ள வேண்டும். இந்த காலக்கெடுவுக்குள் பதிவு செய்யத் தவறினால், 300 மனாட் (2019-ஆம் ஆண்டின் நிலவரப்படி) அபராதம் விதிக்கப்படும். இந்தப் பதிவு இலவசமானது. கடவுச்சீட்டின் நகல் மற்றும் பூர்த்தி செய்யப்பட்ட விண்ணப்பப் படிவத்தைச் சமர்ப்பிப்பதன் மூலம் இணையவழியாகவோ அல்லது அரசு குடியேற்ற சேவையகத்தின் பிரத்யேக அலுவலகங்களுக்கு நேரில் சென்றோ பதிவு செய்துகொள்ளலாம் (முன்பு தொடருந்து நிலையத்தில் இத்தகைய அலுவலகம் ஒன்று இருந்தது, ஆனால் 2015-ஆம் ஆண்டு நிலவரப்படி அது மூடப்பட்டிருந்தது). தங்கும் விடுதிகள் தங்கள் விருந்தினர்களுக்காக இந்தப் பதிவைச் செய்து தரக்கூடும்; இருப்பினும், பல நேரங்களில் விடுதிகள் இதைச் செய்யத் தவறிவிடக்கூடும் என்பதால், பயணிகள் தாங்கள் முறையாகப் பதிவு செய்துள்ளோமா என்பதை உறுதிப்படுத்திக்கொள்ளுமாறு கடுமையாக அறிவுறுத்தப்படுகிறார்கள். === வானூர்தியில் === ===== தொடருந்தில் ===== ===== பேருந்தில் ===== == சுற்றிப்பாருங்கள் == == கண்டுகளியுங்கள் == == செய்யுங்கள் == == கற்றுக்கொள்ளுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உண்ணுங்கள் == == பருகுங்கள் == == வாங்குங்கள் == == உறங்குங்கள் == == பாதுகாப்பாக இருங்கள் == == ஆரோக்கியமாக இருங்கள் == == மதிப்பு அளியுங்கள் == == தொடர்பு கொள்ளுங்கள் == == சமாளியுங்கள் == == அருகிலுள்ளவை == == அடுத்த இலக்கு == au18pl8g7yazakhk6kknalnatnflrry 3 3827246 7374237 2026-10-25T13:29:39Z Cabayi 533060 Cabayi moved page [[User talk:B.rosenbergerrosenberg]] to [[User talk:AI Green]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/B.rosenbergerrosenberg|B.rosenbergerrosenberg]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/AI Green|AI Green]]" 7374237 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:AI Green]] a6b39a9h9p4c0dxpqp2yah4et5pnxmd 0 3827247 7374238 2026-10-25T13:30:27Z Wadaihangit 2578757 hanyar 7374238 wikitext text/x-wiki Di masigit, Jama'ah : Mang, keran bawudu dimana ? Pengurus : Di muka masigit tu ada, di balakang masjid tu ada, di parak wc tu ada. Bajalan ai jama'ah tadi mancari'i. Kada sampai lima manet datang lagi jamaah tadi batakun. Jama'ah : Ulun sudah putar-putar masigit, kadada ai keran bawudu Pengurus : Ngaramput ! Banyaknya ha! Tuh ! Tuh ! Tuh! (sambil manunjuk-nunjuk keran pawuduan) Jama'ah : nang ulun takunakan tadi DIMANA KERAN BEWUDU? === Penjelasan === nang ditakuni Jama'ah nih Keran bawudu, lain keran gasan bawudu. Jadi wajar ja kada sing dapatan. [[Category:Wb/bjn]] [[Category:Mahalabiu]] dhcf31wb6dl8y79ve94abhvdvcqnf05 7374241 7374238 2026-10-25T13:31:57Z Wadaihangit 2578757 + jujuhutan 7374241 wikitext text/x-wiki Di masigit, Jama'ah : Mang, keran bawudu dimana ? Pengurus : Di muka masigit tu ada, di balakang masjid tu ada, di parak wc tu ada. Bajalan ai jama'ah tadi mancari'i. Kada sampai lima manet datang lagi jamaah tadi batakun. Jama'ah : Ulun sudah putar-putar masigit, kadada ai keran bawudu Pengurus : Ngaramput ! Banyaknya ha! Tuh ! Tuh ! Tuh! (sambil manunjuk-nunjuk keran pawuduan) Jama'ah : nang ulun takunakan tadi DIMANA KERAN BEWUDU? === Penjelasan === nang ditakuni Jama'ah nih Keran bawudu, lain keran gasan bawudu. Jadi wajar ja kada sing dapatan.<ref>https://aamrullah987.blogspot.com/2016/10/kumpulan-kutipan-percakapan-mahalabiu.html</ref> == Jujuhutan == <references /> [[Category:Wb/bjn]] [[Category:Mahalabiu]] 0kyiemplhpwihhemjlqmqsqmg9el37d 0 3827248 7374240 2026-10-25T13:30:44Z Wadaihangit 2578757 hanyar 7374240 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mahalabiu''' naya gaya bapandir Urang Banjar nang rancak takambuh antara pandiran biasa lawan pandiran balulucuan. Rajin nitu, isi pandiran Mahalabiu iya mangaradau haja, alias anekdot nang bisa panjang atawa handak haja ayatnya. # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Imam bakupiah buruk|Imam bakupiah buruk]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Bang nyaring|Bang nyaring]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Dimana manyumbalih sapi|Dimana manyumbalih sapi]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Sumbahyang, lalu Salam|Sumbahyang, lalu Salam]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Sumbahyang dilanggar|Sumbahyang dilanggar]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] Silahkan haja pian tambahi lisnya sakira talangkap lagi [[Category:Wb/bjn]] [[Category:Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu]] 23zk0nnjg42ppcupkemfnnmldgxbwmz 7374242 7374240 2026-10-25T13:33:35Z Wadaihangit 2578757 7374242 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mahalabiu''' naya gaya bapandir Urang Banjar nang rancak takambuh antara pandiran biasa lawan pandiran balulucuan. Rajin nitu, isi pandiran Mahalabiu iya mangaradau haja, alias anekdot nang bisa panjang atawa handak haja ayatnya. == Lis isinya == # # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Imam bakupiah buruk|Imam bakupiah buruk]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Bang nyaring|Bang nyaring]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Dimana manyumbalih sapi|Dimana manyumbalih sapi]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Sumbahyang, lalu Salam|Sumbahyang, lalu Salam]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Sumbahyang dilanggar|Sumbahyang dilanggar]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] # [[Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu:Keran pauduan|Keran pauduan]] Silahkan haja pian tambahi lisnya sakira talangkap lagi [[Category:Wb/bjn]] [[Category:Wb/bjn/Mahalabiu]] d1tpp584qud23pvpp8s7drunb3c4o70 3 3827249 7374243 2026-10-25T13:37:02Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7374243 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 13:37, 25 October 2026 (UTC) leewyazmcdq3ndmnehm2iod4cmq326d 0 3827250 7374246 2026-10-25T13:53:03Z Jau12234 2683944 Redirected page to [[Wp/gdd/Kisim kap bilong King long Spain]] 7374246 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Wp/gdd/Kisim kap bilong King long Spain]] 6mdi4rrntjonsp12n9v76laheqok079 0 3827251 7374247 2026-10-25T13:56:11Z JumadilM 2556400 mombuak halamang baru 7374247 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag_of_Australia_(converted).svg|thumb|Banderana Ostoralia]] '''Ostoralia''' adala sala satu nagara di dunia. Wilayana Ostoralia soluas 7.682.300 kilometer porsogi dang monjadi nagara dengang wilaya torluas kaannang di dunia. Porbatasang Ostoralia tidak momiliki porbatasang darak dang hanya punya porbatasang lauk. Ostoralia tola dihuni ole manusia sojak 40.000 tahung silang. Ostoralia morupakang nagara borbontuk pederasi yang tordiri dari annang nagara bagiang dang dua teritori. Tiak pamarenta nagara bagiang di Ostoralia momilki kowenangang dalang mongatur pamarentaang di wilayana masing-masing. Ostoralia tola mongadakang hubungang baik dengang nagara tatanggana yaitu Indonesia dang Timor Leste. == Pombontukang dang wilayana == [[File:Australia_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_AUS_-_UNOCHA.svg|thumb|Pota wilayana Ostoralia (warna puti) dang nagara-nagara tatanggana (abu-abu): Indonesia, Timor Leste dang Papua Nugini.]] Ostoralia torbontuk sabagai sobua nagara pada tahung 1901 M.<ref>Hartati, Anna Yulia (2014). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Politik_dan_Pemerintahan_Australia/_0orEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Pemerintahan+Australia&pg=PA18&printsec=frontcover Politik dan Pemerintahan Australia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Semarang: Wahid Hasyim University Press. Hlm. 18. ISBN 978-602-827-347-3.</ref> Wilayana Ostoralia soluas 7.682.300 kilometer porsogi. Luas wilayana Ostoralia monjadikang Ostoralia sabagai nagara dengang wilaya torluas kaannang di dunia sotola Rusia, Kanada, Tiongkok, Amerika Sarikak dang Barasil.<ref>Bastian, Radis (Mei 2015)''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Pintar_Terlengkap_Sistem_sistem_Pem/KAhsEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Luas+Australia&pg=PA146&printsec=frontcover . Sistem-sistem Pemerintahan Sedunia: Ragam Bentuk dan Sistem Pemerintahan Negara-negara di Dunia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Utami R. Yogoyakarta: IRCiSoD. Hlm. 146. ISBN 978-602-255-897-2.</ref> Wilayana Ostoralia tidak momiliki porbatasang darak dengang nagara laing dang hanya punya porbatasang lauk.<ref>Boer, B., dkk. (1998). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/International_Environmental_Law_in_the_A/I3bWQaskh9UC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Australia+not+share+a+land+boundary&pg=PA265&printsec=frontcover International Environmental Law in the Asia Pacific]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Londong: Kluwer Law International. Hlm. 265. ISBN 90-411-0706-1.</ref> Wilayana Ostoralia borbatasang lauk dengang Indonesia mulai dari porairang di sakitar pulau Natal sampai ke porairang di sakitar selak Torres. Panjang porbatasang lauk antara Ostoralia dengang Indonesia moncapai sekuranna 2.100 mil lauk.<ref>Nainggolan, Poltak Partogi (2004). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Batas_wilayah_dan_situasi_perbatasan_Ind/VmqPAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Perbatasan+Australia&dq=Perbatasan+Australia&printsec=frontcover Batas Wilayah dan Situasi Perbatasan Indonesia: Ancaman Terhadap Interitas Teritorial]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole Tiga Putra Utama. Hlm. 97. ISBN 978-979-905-227-8.</ref> Porairang di sakitar selak Torres juga monjadi porbatasang antara Ostoralia dang Papua Nugini. Pada sala satu titik lokasi di selak Torres morupakan porbatasang tiga nagara antara Ostoralia, Papua Nugini dang Indonesia.<ref>Kantor Ahli Ilmu Bumi (Agustusuk 1979) ''[https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/LIS-87.pdf Territorial Sea and Continental Shelf Boundaries: Australia and Papua New Guinea - Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Ditorbikkang ole Kantor Ahli Ilmu Bumi, Biro Kacerdasang dang Ponolitiang, Dopartemeng Luar Nagari Amerika Sarikak. Hlm. 2.</ref> Ostoralia juga borbatasang lauk dengang Timor Leste di lauk Timor dengan porbatasang sopanjang 300 mil lauk.<ref>Porsarikatang Bangsa-Bangsa (Septemberek 2016). ''[https://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_XXXIV/205-464.pdf Reports of International Arbitral Awards Part III: Timor Sea Conciliation (Timor-Leste/Australia)]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Ditorbikkang ole Porsarikatang Bangsa-Bangsa. Hlm. 213.</ref> == Ponduduk == Ostoralia tola dihuni ole manusia sojak 40.000 tahung silang. Ponduduk asli di wilayana nagara Ostoralia morupakang masarakak pomburu-pongumpul yang tidak mongonal ponggunaang logang. Ponggunaang logang di Ostoralia dimulai kotika ponduduk pondatang dari kalangang orang kulik puti mulai monotak di wilayana Ostoralia. Sotola logang diporkonalkang ponggunaanna, Ostoralia mulai monjadi nagara industri.<ref>Diamond, Jared (Desemberek 2017). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Guns_Germs_Steel_NEW/Qa-LDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Guns, Germs & Steel (Bedil, Kuman & Baja): Rangkuman Riwayat Masyarakat Manusia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Primanda, Andya. [Guns, Germs & Steel] Ditorjomakang ole Setiadi, H., dang Palar, D. T. W. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. Hlm. 11. ISBN 978-602-424-138-4.</ref> Ponduduk yang awalna morupakan pondatang di Ostoralia sabagiang bosar borasal dari Baritania Raya dang Irlandia. Kodatangang ponduduk pondatang torawal di Ostoralia dimulai pada abak ke-19 Masihi dang borlanjuk hingga abak ke-20 Masihi. Portambahang ponduduk pondatang di Ostoralia mongalami poningkatang posak sejak borahirna Porang Dunia Kasatu. Sabagiang bosar ponduduk di Ostoralia sakarang morupakang koturunang dari ponduduk pondatang di Ostoralia. Pada masa sakarang, jumalla pondudukna Ostoralia sakitar 20,6 juta orang. Sabagiang bosar ponduduk di Ostoralia monghuni kawasang porkotaang torutama di sakitar Siknei.<ref>Alfiyanto, Jeffry (2022). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Konsep_Negara_Maju/3P7gEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Penduduk+Australia&pg=PA27&printsec=frontcover Konsep Negara Maju]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). CV. Media Edukasi Creative. Hlm. 27. ISBN 978-623-527-401-0.</ref> == Pamarentaang == [[File:Map_of_Australia.png|thumb|Pota yang momporliakkang nagara bagiang dang teritori dalang wilayana Ostoralia.]] Ostoralia morupakang nagara borbontuk pederasi yang tordiri dari annang nagara bagiang dang dua teritori. Kaannang nagara bagiang di Ostoralia yaitu Ostoralia Barak, Ostoralia Salatang, Kuingsilang, Niu Souk Wales, Piktoria dang Tasmania. Sadangkang kadua teritori di Ostoralia yaitu Teritori Ibukota Ostoralia dang Teritori Utara. Sotiak nagara bagiang maupung teritori di Ostoralia momiliki ibu kota torsondiri.<ref>Pamarenta Ostrlalia (2020) ''[https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/citizenship-subsite/files/our-common-bond-testable-indonesian.pdf Kewarganegaraan Australia: Ikatan Umum Kita]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Belconnen: Dopartemeng Urusang Luar Nagari, Pamarenta Ostralia. Hlm. 10.</ref> Tiak pamarenta nagara bagiang di Ostoralia momilki kowenangang dalang mongatur pamarentaang di wilayana masing-masing.<ref>Jo, J., dkk. (2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/COVID_19_AND_BEYOND/YR1iEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Negara+bagian+Australia&pg=PA261&printsec=frontcover COVID-19 and Beyond]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Duba-sosuaikang ole Jo, J., dkk.. Yogoyakarta: Penerbit ANDI. Hlm. 261. ISBN 978-623-01-2595-9.</ref> == Hubungang luar nagari == === Hubungang dengang nagara tatangga === ==== Hubungang dengang Indonesia ==== Ostoralia tola mongadakang hubungang baik dengang Indonesia sojak tahung 1959 molalui kogiatang podagangang. Sojak dekade 1980-an, Pamarenta Ostoralia dang Pamarenta Indonesia tola monotakkang pongingkatang pordagangang dang impestasi di masing-masing nagara. Komudiang pada tahung 1994, Pamarenta Ostoralia dang Pamarenta Indonesia momulai porung bornama Porung Mantari Indonesia-Ostoralia untuk momportomukang mantari dari kodua nagara yang mombahas korja sama dalang bidang urusang luar nagari, pordagangang, porpindahang ponduduk dang lingkungang. Komudiang pada tahung 2006, Pamarenta Ostoralia dang Pamarenta Indonesia monyopakati Porjanjiang Lombok. Isi Porjanjiang Lombok monyatakang dukungang Pamarenta Ostoralia dang Pamamrenta Indonesia torhadak kodaulatang dang kamardekaang politik di antara kadua nagara.<ref>Amalia, F. S. (Agustusuk 2024). ''[https://repository.penerbitwidina.com/media/publications/569654-diplomasi-pertahanan-indonesia-australia-e30b6e4c.pdf Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia - Australia untuk Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR)]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Prakoso, L. Y., dang Alman, F. Z. Bandung: Penerbit Widina Media Utama. Hlm. 31. ISBN 978-623-500-358-0.</ref> ==== Hubungang dengang Timor Leste ==== Ostoralia tola momulai hubungang baik dengang Timor Leste sojak kamardekaang Timor Leste pada tanggalak 20 Mei 2002 M. Pamarenta Ostoralia momulai hubungang dengang Pamarenta Timor Leste pada bulang Juli 2001 mololaui kosopakatang porbatasang di lauk Timor. Saak itu, kosopakatang dilakukang ole Pamarenta Ostoralia dang Pamarenta Timor Leste yang diwakilkang ole Pamarentaang Poralihang dari Porsarikatang Bangsa-Bangsa.<ref>Colosn, D. A., dang Smith, R. W. (2005). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/International_Maritime_Boundaries/RN0GnOcw0McC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Maritime+boundary+Australia&pg=PA3458&printsec=frontcover International Maritime Boundaries Volume 5]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publshers. Hlm. 3458. ISBN 90-04-14461-7.</ref> Pada bulang Oktoberek 2002 M, Pamarenta Ostoralia dang Pamarenta Timor Leste tola monyotujui Porjanjiang Lauk Timor yang monotakkang porbatasang lauk antara Ostoralia dang Timor Leste. Porjanjiang ini disopakati ole Mari Alkatiri solaku Pordana Mantari Timor Leste dang ole Aleksander Dowuner solaku Mantari Luar Nagari Ostoralia.<ref>Rangkuti, Misdar (Agustusuk 2021). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Hubungan_Bilateral_Indonesia_Dengan_Timo/15lLEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Australia+berbatasan+dengan+Indonesia+Timor+Leste&pg=PA21&printsec=frontcover Hubungan Bilateral Indonesia Dengan Timor Leste Tahun 2002-2015]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole Guepedia. Hlm. 21. ISBN 978-623-6410-33-2.</ref> === Hubungang dalang kawasang Asia === [[File:Member_and_candidate_states_of_the_East_Asian_Summit.svg|thumb|Ostoralia (warna biru di bawakna Papua Nugini yang bowarna jingga) sabagai nagara anggota Komperengsi Tingkak Tinggi Asia Timur (warna biru dang warna hijo).]] Ostoralia monjaling hubungang luar nagari dengang nagara-nagara laing di kawasang Asia Timur molalui porung bornama Komperengsi Tingkak Tinggi Asia Timur. Dalang Komperengsi Tingkak Tinggi Asia Timur, Ostoralia mongadakang korja sama torutama dengang nagara-nagara dalang kawasang Asia Timur dang nagara-nagara anggota Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara. Jumalla anggotana Komperengsi Tingkak Tinggi Asia Timur awalna sobanyak annang bolas nagara. Namung pada tahung 2011, korja sama dalang Komperengsi Tingkak Tinggi Asia Timur moluas hingga moncakuk kawasang Asia Pasipik sotola Rusia dang Amerika Sarikak borgabung monjadi anggota baruna. Borgabungna Komperengsi Tingkak Tinggi Asia Timur, Ostoralia monjadi satu dari dalapang bolas nagara yang monjadi anggotana.<ref>Amin, Saiful (Peberuari 2022). ''[https://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/13154/3/13154.pdf Geografi Regional]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Malang: Jurusan Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim. Hlm. 39.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mfp]] ikcestledj5m3ltf8vgr83po9s58lta 7374248 7374247 2026-10-25T13:57:49Z JumadilM 2556400 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q408]] 7374248 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag_of_Australia_(converted).svg|thumb|Banderana Ostoralia]] '''Ostoralia''' adala sala satu nagara di dunia. Wilayana Ostoralia soluas 7.682.300 kilometer porsogi dang monjadi nagara dengang wilaya torluas kaannang di dunia. Porbatasang Ostoralia tidak momiliki porbatasang darak dang hanya punya porbatasang lauk. Ostoralia tola dihuni ole manusia sojak 40.000 tahung silang. Ostoralia morupakang nagara borbontuk pederasi yang tordiri dari annang nagara bagiang dang dua teritori. Tiak pamarenta nagara bagiang di Ostoralia momilki kowenangang dalang mongatur pamarentaang di wilayana masing-masing. Ostoralia tola mongadakang hubungang baik dengang nagara tatanggana yaitu Indonesia dang Timor Leste. == Pombontukang dang wilayana == [[File:Australia_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_AUS_-_UNOCHA.svg|thumb|Pota wilayana Ostoralia (warna puti) dang nagara-nagara tatanggana (abu-abu): Indonesia, Timor Leste dang Papua Nugini.]] Ostoralia torbontuk sabagai sobua nagara pada tahung 1901 M.<ref>Hartati, Anna Yulia (2014). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Politik_dan_Pemerintahan_Australia/_0orEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Pemerintahan+Australia&pg=PA18&printsec=frontcover Politik dan Pemerintahan Australia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Semarang: Wahid Hasyim University Press. Hlm. 18. ISBN 978-602-827-347-3.</ref> Wilayana Ostoralia soluas 7.682.300 kilometer porsogi. Luas wilayana Ostoralia monjadikang Ostoralia sabagai nagara dengang wilaya torluas kaannang di dunia sotola Rusia, Kanada, Tiongkok, Amerika Sarikak dang Barasil.<ref>Bastian, Radis (Mei 2015)''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Pintar_Terlengkap_Sistem_sistem_Pem/KAhsEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Luas+Australia&pg=PA146&printsec=frontcover . Sistem-sistem Pemerintahan Sedunia: Ragam Bentuk dan Sistem Pemerintahan Negara-negara di Dunia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Utami R. Yogoyakarta: IRCiSoD. Hlm. 146. ISBN 978-602-255-897-2.</ref> Wilayana Ostoralia tidak momiliki porbatasang darak dengang nagara laing dang hanya punya porbatasang lauk.<ref>Boer, B., dkk. (1998). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/International_Environmental_Law_in_the_A/I3bWQaskh9UC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Australia+not+share+a+land+boundary&pg=PA265&printsec=frontcover International Environmental Law in the Asia Pacific]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Londong: Kluwer Law International. Hlm. 265. ISBN 90-411-0706-1.</ref> Wilayana Ostoralia borbatasang lauk dengang Indonesia mulai dari porairang di sakitar pulau Natal sampai ke porairang di sakitar selak Torres. Panjang porbatasang lauk antara Ostoralia dengang Indonesia moncapai sekuranna 2.100 mil lauk.<ref>Nainggolan, Poltak Partogi (2004). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Batas_wilayah_dan_situasi_perbatasan_Ind/VmqPAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Perbatasan+Australia&dq=Perbatasan+Australia&printsec=frontcover Batas Wilayah dan Situasi Perbatasan Indonesia: Ancaman Terhadap Interitas Teritorial]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole Tiga Putra Utama. Hlm. 97. ISBN 978-979-905-227-8.</ref> Porairang di sakitar selak Torres juga monjadi porbatasang antara Ostoralia dang Papua Nugini. Pada sala satu titik lokasi di selak Torres morupakan porbatasang tiga nagara antara Ostoralia, Papua Nugini dang Indonesia.<ref>Kantor Ahli Ilmu Bumi (Agustusuk 1979) ''[https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/LIS-87.pdf Territorial Sea and Continental Shelf Boundaries: Australia and Papua New Guinea - Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Ditorbikkang ole Kantor Ahli Ilmu Bumi, Biro Kacerdasang dang Ponolitiang, Dopartemeng Luar Nagari Amerika Sarikak. Hlm. 2.</ref> Ostoralia juga borbatasang lauk dengang Timor Leste di lauk Timor dengan porbatasang sopanjang 300 mil lauk.<ref>Porsarikatang Bangsa-Bangsa (Septemberek 2016). ''[https://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_XXXIV/205-464.pdf Reports of International Arbitral Awards Part III: Timor Sea Conciliation (Timor-Leste/Australia)]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Ditorbikkang ole Porsarikatang Bangsa-Bangsa. Hlm. 213.</ref> == Ponduduk == Ostoralia tola dihuni ole manusia sojak 40.000 tahung silang. Ponduduk asli di wilayana nagara Ostoralia morupakang masarakak pomburu-pongumpul yang tidak mongonal ponggunaang logang. Ponggunaang logang di Ostoralia dimulai kotika ponduduk pondatang dari kalangang orang kulik puti mulai monotak di wilayana Ostoralia. Sotola logang diporkonalkang ponggunaanna, Ostoralia mulai monjadi nagara industri.<ref>Diamond, Jared (Desemberek 2017). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Guns_Germs_Steel_NEW/Qa-LDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Guns, Germs & Steel (Bedil, Kuman & Baja): Rangkuman Riwayat Masyarakat Manusia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Primanda, Andya. [Guns, Germs & Steel] Ditorjomakang ole Setiadi, H., dang Palar, D. T. W. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. Hlm. 11. ISBN 978-602-424-138-4.</ref> Ponduduk yang awalna morupakan pondatang di Ostoralia sabagiang bosar borasal dari Baritania Raya dang Irlandia. Kodatangang ponduduk pondatang torawal di Ostoralia dimulai pada abak ke-19 Masihi dang borlanjuk hingga abak ke-20 Masihi. Portambahang ponduduk pondatang di Ostoralia mongalami poningkatang posak sejak borahirna Porang Dunia Kasatu. Sabagiang bosar ponduduk di Ostoralia sakarang morupakang koturunang dari ponduduk pondatang di Ostoralia. Pada masa sakarang, jumalla pondudukna Ostoralia sakitar 20,6 juta orang. Sabagiang bosar ponduduk di Ostoralia monghuni kawasang porkotaang torutama di sakitar Siknei.<ref>Alfiyanto, Jeffry (2022). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Konsep_Negara_Maju/3P7gEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Penduduk+Australia&pg=PA27&printsec=frontcover Konsep Negara Maju]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). CV. Media Edukasi Creative. Hlm. 27. ISBN 978-623-527-401-0.</ref> == Pamarentaang == [[File:Map_of_Australia.png|thumb|Pota yang momporliakkang nagara bagiang dang teritori dalang wilayana Ostoralia.]] Ostoralia morupakang nagara borbontuk pederasi yang tordiri dari annang nagara bagiang dang dua teritori. Kaannang nagara bagiang di Ostoralia yaitu Ostoralia Barak, Ostoralia Salatang, Kuingsilang, Niu Souk Wales, Piktoria dang Tasmania. Sadangkang kadua teritori di Ostoralia yaitu Teritori Ibukota Ostoralia dang Teritori Utara. Sotiak nagara bagiang maupung teritori di Ostoralia momiliki ibu kota torsondiri.<ref>Pamarenta Ostrlalia (2020) ''[https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/citizenship-subsite/files/our-common-bond-testable-indonesian.pdf Kewarganegaraan Australia: Ikatan Umum Kita]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Belconnen: Dopartemeng Urusang Luar Nagari, Pamarenta Ostralia. Hlm. 10.</ref> Tiak pamarenta nagara bagiang di Ostoralia momilki kowenangang dalang mongatur pamarentaang di wilayana masing-masing.<ref>Jo, J., dkk. (2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/COVID_19_AND_BEYOND/YR1iEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Negara+bagian+Australia&pg=PA261&printsec=frontcover COVID-19 and Beyond]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Duba-sosuaikang ole Jo, J., dkk.. Yogoyakarta: Penerbit ANDI. Hlm. 261. ISBN 978-623-01-2595-9.</ref> == Hubungang luar nagari == === Hubungang dengang nagara tatangga === ==== Hubungang dengang Indonesia ==== Ostoralia tola mongadakang hubungang baik dengang Indonesia sojak tahung 1959 molalui kogiatang podagangang. Sojak dekade 1980-an, Pamarenta Ostoralia dang Pamarenta Indonesia tola monotakkang pongingkatang pordagangang dang impestasi di masing-masing nagara. Komudiang pada tahung 1994, Pamarenta Ostoralia dang Pamarenta Indonesia momulai porung bornama Porung Mantari Indonesia-Ostoralia untuk momportomukang mantari dari kodua nagara yang mombahas korja sama dalang bidang urusang luar nagari, pordagangang, porpindahang ponduduk dang lingkungang. Komudiang pada tahung 2006, Pamarenta Ostoralia dang Pamarenta Indonesia monyopakati Porjanjiang Lombok. Isi Porjanjiang Lombok monyatakang dukungang Pamarenta Ostoralia dang Pamamrenta Indonesia torhadak kodaulatang dang kamardekaang politik di antara kadua nagara.<ref>Amalia, F. S. (Agustusuk 2024). ''[https://repository.penerbitwidina.com/media/publications/569654-diplomasi-pertahanan-indonesia-australia-e30b6e4c.pdf Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia - Australia untuk Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR)]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Prakoso, L. Y., dang Alman, F. Z. Bandung: Penerbit Widina Media Utama. Hlm. 31. ISBN 978-623-500-358-0.</ref> ==== Hubungang dengang Timor Leste ==== Ostoralia tola momulai hubungang baik dengang Timor Leste sojak kamardekaang Timor Leste pada tanggalak 20 Mei 2002 M. Pamarenta Ostoralia momulai hubungang dengang Pamarenta Timor Leste pada bulang Juli 2001 mololaui kosopakatang porbatasang di lauk Timor. Saak itu, kosopakatang dilakukang ole Pamarenta Ostoralia dang Pamarenta Timor Leste yang diwakilkang ole Pamarentaang Poralihang dari Porsarikatang Bangsa-Bangsa.<ref>Colosn, D. A., dang Smith, R. W. (2005). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/International_Maritime_Boundaries/RN0GnOcw0McC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Maritime+boundary+Australia&pg=PA3458&printsec=frontcover International Maritime Boundaries Volume 5]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publshers. Hlm. 3458. ISBN 90-04-14461-7.</ref> Pada bulang Oktoberek 2002 M, Pamarenta Ostoralia dang Pamarenta Timor Leste tola monyotujui Porjanjiang Lauk Timor yang monotakkang porbatasang lauk antara Ostoralia dang Timor Leste. Porjanjiang ini disopakati ole Mari Alkatiri solaku Pordana Mantari Timor Leste dang ole Aleksander Dowuner solaku Mantari Luar Nagari Ostoralia.<ref>Rangkuti, Misdar (Agustusuk 2021). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Hubungan_Bilateral_Indonesia_Dengan_Timo/15lLEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Australia+berbatasan+dengan+Indonesia+Timor+Leste&pg=PA21&printsec=frontcover Hubungan Bilateral Indonesia Dengan Timor Leste Tahun 2002-2015]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole Guepedia. Hlm. 21. ISBN 978-623-6410-33-2.</ref> === Hubungang dalang kawasang Asia === [[File:Member_and_candidate_states_of_the_East_Asian_Summit.svg|thumb|Ostoralia (warna biru di bawakna Papua Nugini yang bowarna jingga) sabagai nagara anggota Komperengsi Tingkak Tinggi Asia Timur (warna biru dang warna hijo).]] Ostoralia monjaling hubungang luar nagari dengang nagara-nagara laing di kawasang Asia Timur molalui porung bornama Komperengsi Tingkak Tinggi Asia Timur. Dalang Komperengsi Tingkak Tinggi Asia Timur, Ostoralia mongadakang korja sama torutama dengang nagara-nagara dalang kawasang Asia Timur dang nagara-nagara anggota Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara. Jumalla anggotana Komperengsi Tingkak Tinggi Asia Timur awalna sobanyak annang bolas nagara. Namung pada tahung 2011, korja sama dalang Komperengsi Tingkak Tinggi Asia Timur moluas hingga moncakuk kawasang Asia Pasipik sotola Rusia dang Amerika Sarikak borgabung monjadi anggota baruna. Borgabungna Komperengsi Tingkak Tinggi Asia Timur, Ostoralia monjadi satu dari dalapang bolas nagara yang monjadi anggotana.<ref>Amin, Saiful (Peberuari 2022). ''[https://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/13154/3/13154.pdf Geografi Regional]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Malang: Jurusan Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim. Hlm. 39.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mfp]] {{INTERWIKI|Q408}} k8yw8zjq5lq24rksf7p1qfy3x1483hq 0 3827252 7374249 2026-10-25T13:59:22Z JumadilM 2556400 mombuak halamang baru 7374249 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abu_al-Darda_name_calligraphy.png|thumb|Kaligarapi Islang untuk namana Abu Darda'.]] '''Abu Darda'''' (nama asli: '''Uwaimir''') adala sala satu sahabakna Muhammad yang morupakang nabi dalang Islang. Tompak tinggal awalna Abu Darda' di Madina dang bokorja sabagai padagang. Abu Darda' monjadi musling sotola torjadina Porang Badar. Sotola monjadi musling, Abu Darda' diporsaudarakang dengang Salmang al-Parisi ole Muhammad sabagai nabi dalang Islang. Abu Darda' sompak monjalangi kohidupang dengang ibada borlobihang kotika masa awal koislamanna dan borhonti molakukang ibada socara borlobihang sotola ditogur ole Muhammad. Pada masa Kohalipaang Rasiding yang dipimping ole Umar bing Hattab, Abu Darda' ditugaskang sabagai pangajar agama dang pangajar Al-Kur'ang di Sang. Abu Darda' komudiang monotak di Damaskus sabagai pongajar agama dang pongajar Al-Kur'ang hingga moninggal dunia. == Nasak == Nama aslina Abu Darda' adala Uwaimir bing Zaid bin A'isyah bing Umayya bing Malik bing Adi bin Ka'b bing Al-Hajraj bing Al-Haris.<ref name=":2">Usmani, Ahmad Rofi (2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedia_Tokoh_Muslim/4mRYEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=dua+istri+Abu+Darda&pg=PT118&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedia Tokoh Muslim]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 118. Ditorbikkang ole Mizan Publishing. ISBN 978-602-441-264-7.</ref> Sedangkang Abu Darda' adala nama panggilanna. Selaing itu, Abu Darda' soring dipanggil sabagai Umair atau Amir. Para ulama momiliki parbedaang pandapak mongonai nama bapakna Abu Darda'. Sala satu pandapak monyatakang bahwa bapakna Abu Darda' bornama Zaid bing Kais.<ref name=":0">Hemawati, Kholid, S., dang Rizal, S. (2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Hadis_Tarbawi/XDvJEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27+meninggal&pg=PA22&printsec=frontcover Hadis Tarbawi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Medang: Merdeka Kreasi. Hlm. 22. ISBN 978-623-5408-07-1.</ref> Sodangkang pandapak laing monyatakang bahwa nama bapakna Abu Darda<nowiki>''</nowiki> adala Malik.<ref>Imron Mustofa (2017) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Hidup_Para_Penyambung_Lidah_Nabi/yrRMEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27+perang&pg=PA147&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Hidup Para Penyambung Lidah Nabi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Nur. Yogoyakarta: Laksana. Hlm. 147. ISBN 978-602-407-215-5.</ref> Somontara itu, nama mamakna Abu Darda' adala Mahabba binti Kakid. Abu Darda' morupakang sala satu anggota bani Hajrak. Uwaimir dipanggil sabagai Abu Darda' karana momiliki anak porompuang bornama Darda.<ref name=":1">Biru Tosca (Nopember 2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/365_Hari_Bersama_Sahabat_Nabi_%EF%B7%BA/9e9QEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27+perang&pg=PA157&printsec=frontcover 365 Hari Bersama Sahabat Nabi ﷺ: Bercengkerama dengan Mereka Setiap Hari]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Cirebong: Penerbit LovRinz. Hlm. 157. ISBN 978-623-355-733-7.</ref> == Tompak tinggal, pokorjaang awal dan koluarga dekak == Abu Darda' morupakang panduduk di Madina yang sobolung monjadi musling bokorja sabagai padagang.<ref>Khalid Muhammad Khalid (2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Biografi_60_Sahabat_Rasulullah_S_A_W/hQKwDgAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27&pg=PA235&printsec=frontcover Biografi 60 Sahabat Rasulullah S.A.W.]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hikmatiar , Ikhlas. [Rijal haula Rasul] Ditorjomakang ole Rahman, Kaserun A. S.. Jakarta: Qisthi Press. Hlm. 232. ISBN 978-979-1303-73-6.</ref><ref name=":2" /> Abu Darda' momiliki dua orang istiri yaitu Haira binti Abi Hadrad dang Hujaima binti Huyai.<ref name=":3">Iskandar, Muhammad (Januari 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Biografi_Perawi_Hadis_Wanita_Abad_ke_1_S/8ub8EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Hujaimah+istri+Abu+Darda&pg=PA111&printsec=frontcover Biografi Perawi Hadis Wanita Abad ke-1 Sampai Pertengahan Abad ke-4 Hijriah: Kajian Terhadap Para Perawi Wanita dalam Kitab al-Mu’jâm al-Kabîr Karangan Imam at-Thabarânî]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Wijayanti, Hani. Sukabumi: CV. Jejak. Hlm. 111. ISBN 978-623-498-605-1.</ref><ref name=":4">Abdillah, Abu Umar (September 2020) ‘‘[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Majalah_ar_risalah_Edisi_229_September_2/PZcBEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=dua+istri+Abu+Darda&pg=PA50&printsec=frontcover Ummu Darda' Ash-Shughra]’’. Majalah Ar-Risalah Edisi 229 Volume XXI Nomor 3. Hlm. 50. ISSN 1978-4228.</ref> Kadua istirina Abu Darda' disobuk sabagai Ummu Darda'.<ref>Syaikh, Badawi Mahmud (2006). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Riyadhu_ash_Shalihat/jbN-DwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=dua+istri+Abu+Darda&pg=PA159&printsec=frontcover Taman Wanita-wanita Salehah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Tim Qisthi Press. [''Riyadhu ash-Shalihat''] Ditorjomakang ole Indrayadi, Yodi. Jakarta: Qisthi Press. Hlm. 159. ISBN 978-979-1303-04-0 </ref> Masing-masing istirina Abu Darda' dibedakang monjadi Ummu Darda' Besar dang Ummu Darda' Kocil.<ref name=":4" /> Ummu Darda' Besar morupakang panggilang untuk Haira binti Abi Hadrad.<ref name=":3" /> Sadangkang Ummu Darda' Kocil morupakang panggilang untuk Hujaima binti Huyai.<ref name=":4" /> Haira morupakang sala satu sahabakna Muhammad yang monika dengang Abu Darda' kotika Muhammad masi hiduk.<ref name=":3" /> Sodangkang Hujaima binti Huyai monikah dengang Abu Darda' sotola Muhammad dang Haira binti Abi Hadrad tola moninggal.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Hujaiman binti Huyai tidak tormasuk sahabakna Muhammad totapi morupakang seorang tabi'ing.<ref name=":3" /> == Koislamang == === Monjadi musling === Abu Darda' monjadi musling sotola torjadina Porang Badar. Sobolung monjadi musling, Abu Darda' morupakang ponyomba borhala. Ia monjadi musling sotola patung-patung yang nasomba dihancurkang ole Abdullah bing Rawaha yang morupakang sahabakna sojak masa Jahiliya. Kohancurang patung-patunna mombuak Abu Darda' monyadari bahwa patung-patunna tidak layak disomba karana tidak bisa mambela dirina sandiri. Boborapa hari sojak kohancurang patung-patunna, Abu Darda' mombicarakang tontang Islang dengang Yahsang al-Huta dang Abdullah bing Rawaha. Sotola yaking dengan ajarang Islang, Abu Darda' borsama dengang Yahsang al-Huta dang Abdullah bing Rawaha porgi monomui Muhammad dang dirina moyatakang koislamanna.<ref name=":1" /> === Porsaudaraang dengang Salmang al-Parisi === Abu Darda' adala sala satu sahabakna Muhammad yang diyakingi sobagai nabi dalang Islang.<ref>Al-Jauzi, Ibnu (Oktober 2015). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Shaidul_Khatir/lhI6DwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover Shaidul Khatir: Cara Manusia Cerdas Menang dalam Hidup]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hizbullah, N., dang Utomo, P. &#x5B;''Shaid al-Khatir''&#x5D; (dalang bahasa Arab). Ditorjomakang ole Rahman, Samson. Jakarta Timur: Maghfirah Pustaka. hlm. 32. ISBN <bdi>979-98464-4-7</bdi>.</ref> Sotola Abu Darda' monjadi musling, Muhammad sabagai nabi dalang Islang tola monjadikang Abu Darda' sabagai saudara dengang Salmang al-Parisi.<ref>Supriono, Arif (p-s) (Peberuari 2006) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Seratus_cerita_tentang_akhlak/AYQNS1Rwv0sC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27&pg=PA124&printsec=frontcover Seratus Cerita tentang Akhlak]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit Republika. Hlm. 124. ISBN 979-3210-65-6.</ref> Muhammad momporsaudarakang Abu Darda' dang Salmang al-Parisi untuk menguakkang hubungang sabagai ummak Islang.<ref>Jauhar Ridloni Marzuq (2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Inilah_Islam/yE5JDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27&pg=PA68&printsec=frontcover Inilah Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 67. ISBN 978-602-02-6706-7.</ref> === Masa awal koislamanna === Sotola monjadi musling, Abu Darda' momili untuk borhonti monjadi padagang dang mongabdikang hidukan untuk boribada.<ref name=":2" /> Pada masa awal koislamanna, Abu Darda' torlalu borlobihang dalang molaksanakang ibada. Kissana Abu Darda' yang borlobihang dalang molaksanakang ibada disobukkang dalang hadis yang diriwayakkang ole Al-Buhari, At-Tirmisi dang Ad-Darakutni. Somua hadis ini momulai kissa kotika Salmang al-Parisi borkunjung ke rumana Abu Darda'. Istirina Abu Darda' yaitu Ummu Darda mongolukang tontang suamina kopada Salmang al-Parisi karana solalu borpuasa satiak hari sorta kurang tidur karana solalu molaksanakang salak malang satiak hari. Parilakuna Abu Darda' komudiang diborontikang ole Salmang al-Parisi kotika Salmang al-Parisi bormalang di rumana Abu Darda'. Pagi harina, Abu Darda' mongajak Salmang al-Parisi pigi monomui Muhammad untuk moncoritakang kojadiang mereka bordua. Muhammad sabagai nabi dalang Islang komudiang monyatakang bahwa yang dilakukang ole Salmang al-Parisi adala bonar. Sotola itu, Abu Darda' tidak porna lagi molaksanakang ibada socara borlobihang.<ref>Kurnianto, Fajar (2016). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Jalan_Takwa_Meraih_Bahagia/E4pKDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27&pg=PA184&printsec=frontcover Jalan Takwa Meraih Bahagia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 183–184. ISBN 978-602-027-856-8.</ref> === Koikuk-sortaang dalang poporangang dan pokorjaang sabagai pongajar === [[File:Iszlám_hódítások_656.jpg|thumb|Peta yang monampilkang Damaskus di bagiang tonga (warna biru kahijoang) sabagai wilaya kokuasaang Kohalipaang Rasiding. Damaskus monjadi tompak tinggalna Abu Darda' hingga moninggal pada masa pamarentahang Usmang bing Appang.]] Pada masa hidukna Muhammad, Abu Darda' ikuk sorta dalang Porang Uhuk.<ref name=":0" /> Kotika masa Kohalipaang Rasiding yang dipimping ole Umar bing Hattab, ajarang Islang tola monyobar hingga ke wilaya Sang. Yasid bing Abi Supiyang solaku pamarenta di Sang mominta kopada Umar bing Hattab untuk mongiringkang boborapa pongajar Al-Kur'ang dang pongajar agama ke Sang. Umar bing Hattab komudiang mongutus tiga orang yaitu Abu Darda', Mu'as bing Jabal dang Ubada bing Samik. Kotigana diutus ke Kota Homes. Solaing itu, Umar bing Hattab monyuru kotigana untuk momporhatikang koinginang panduduk Sang dalang bolajar tontang Islang dang Al-Kur'ang. Umar bing Hattab mominta kotigana untuk masing-masing monotak di Homes, Damaskus dang Palesting jika banyak pondudukna Sang yang tortarik bolajar tontang Islang. Ahirna, Ubada bing Samik momili monotak di Homes, Abu Darda' monotak di Damaskus dang Mu'as bing Jabal monotak di Palesting. Abu Darda' tinggal di Damaskus sampai moninggal dunia.<ref>Fahasbu, Ahmad Husain (Oktoberek 2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Dan_Arsy_pun_Berguncang/pQ6HEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27&pg=PA100&printsec=frontcover Dan 'Arsy Pun Berguncang]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Iyubenu, Edi AH. Yogoyakarta: Diva Press. Hlm. 102. ISBN 978-623-293-727-7.</ref> Di Damaskus, Abu Darda' ditotakkang sabagai haking solama masa pamarentaang Umar bing Hattab.<ref name=":2" /> == Komatiang == Abu Darda' moninggal di Iskandariya dalang wilayah Mesir pada tahung 32 Hijiriya atau bortopatang dengan tahung 652 Masihi.<ref name=":2" /> Ia moninggal pada masa ahir pamarentahang Usmang bing Appang sabagai halipa bagi Kohalipaang Rasiding.<ref name=":0" /> Komatiang Abu Darda' borkisar dua tahung sobolung pombunuhang Usmang bing Appang. Monjolang komatianna, Abu Darda' ditomangi ole istirina yaitu Ummu Darda.<ref>Mahsun Djayadi (2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ibrah_kehidupan/UTeGEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27+meninggal&pg=PA201&printsec=frontcover Ibrah Kehidupan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Surabaya: UM Surabaya Publishing. Hlm. 201. ISBN 978-623-7259-07-7.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mfp]] og7moa8h4ssldcybofqnpfqp6t69gdl 7374251 7374249 2026-10-25T14:01:44Z JumadilM 2556400 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q1112739]] 7374251 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abu_al-Darda_name_calligraphy.png|thumb|Kaligarapi Islang untuk namana Abu Darda'.]] '''Abu Darda'''' (nama asli: '''Uwaimir''') adala sala satu sahabakna Muhammad yang morupakang nabi dalang Islang. Tompak tinggal awalna Abu Darda' di Madina dang bokorja sabagai padagang. Abu Darda' monjadi musling sotola torjadina Porang Badar. Sotola monjadi musling, Abu Darda' diporsaudarakang dengang Salmang al-Parisi ole Muhammad sabagai nabi dalang Islang. Abu Darda' sompak monjalangi kohidupang dengang ibada borlobihang kotika masa awal koislamanna dan borhonti molakukang ibada socara borlobihang sotola ditogur ole Muhammad. Pada masa Kohalipaang Rasiding yang dipimping ole Umar bing Hattab, Abu Darda' ditugaskang sabagai pangajar agama dang pangajar Al-Kur'ang di Sang. Abu Darda' komudiang monotak di Damaskus sabagai pongajar agama dang pongajar Al-Kur'ang hingga moninggal dunia. == Nasak == Nama aslina Abu Darda' adala Uwaimir bing Zaid bin A'isyah bing Umayya bing Malik bing Adi bin Ka'b bing Al-Hajraj bing Al-Haris.<ref name=":2">Usmani, Ahmad Rofi (2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedia_Tokoh_Muslim/4mRYEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=dua+istri+Abu+Darda&pg=PT118&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedia Tokoh Muslim]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 118. Ditorbikkang ole Mizan Publishing. ISBN 978-602-441-264-7.</ref> Sedangkang Abu Darda' adala nama panggilanna. Selaing itu, Abu Darda' soring dipanggil sabagai Umair atau Amir. Para ulama momiliki parbedaang pandapak mongonai nama bapakna Abu Darda'. Sala satu pandapak monyatakang bahwa bapakna Abu Darda' bornama Zaid bing Kais.<ref name=":0">Hemawati, Kholid, S., dang Rizal, S. (2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Hadis_Tarbawi/XDvJEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27+meninggal&pg=PA22&printsec=frontcover Hadis Tarbawi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Medang: Merdeka Kreasi. Hlm. 22. ISBN 978-623-5408-07-1.</ref> Sodangkang pandapak laing monyatakang bahwa nama bapakna Abu Darda<nowiki>''</nowiki> adala Malik.<ref>Imron Mustofa (2017) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Hidup_Para_Penyambung_Lidah_Nabi/yrRMEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27+perang&pg=PA147&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Hidup Para Penyambung Lidah Nabi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Nur. Yogoyakarta: Laksana. Hlm. 147. ISBN 978-602-407-215-5.</ref> Somontara itu, nama mamakna Abu Darda' adala Mahabba binti Kakid. Abu Darda' morupakang sala satu anggota bani Hajrak. Uwaimir dipanggil sabagai Abu Darda' karana momiliki anak porompuang bornama Darda.<ref name=":1">Biru Tosca (Nopember 2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/365_Hari_Bersama_Sahabat_Nabi_%EF%B7%BA/9e9QEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27+perang&pg=PA157&printsec=frontcover 365 Hari Bersama Sahabat Nabi ﷺ: Bercengkerama dengan Mereka Setiap Hari]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Cirebong: Penerbit LovRinz. Hlm. 157. ISBN 978-623-355-733-7.</ref> == Tompak tinggal, pokorjaang awal dan koluarga dekak == Abu Darda' morupakang panduduk di Madina yang sobolung monjadi musling bokorja sabagai padagang.<ref>Khalid Muhammad Khalid (2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Biografi_60_Sahabat_Rasulullah_S_A_W/hQKwDgAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27&pg=PA235&printsec=frontcover Biografi 60 Sahabat Rasulullah S.A.W.]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hikmatiar , Ikhlas. [Rijal haula Rasul] Ditorjomakang ole Rahman, Kaserun A. S.. Jakarta: Qisthi Press. Hlm. 232. ISBN 978-979-1303-73-6.</ref><ref name=":2" /> Abu Darda' momiliki dua orang istiri yaitu Haira binti Abi Hadrad dang Hujaima binti Huyai.<ref name=":3">Iskandar, Muhammad (Januari 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Biografi_Perawi_Hadis_Wanita_Abad_ke_1_S/8ub8EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Hujaimah+istri+Abu+Darda&pg=PA111&printsec=frontcover Biografi Perawi Hadis Wanita Abad ke-1 Sampai Pertengahan Abad ke-4 Hijriah: Kajian Terhadap Para Perawi Wanita dalam Kitab al-Mu’jâm al-Kabîr Karangan Imam at-Thabarânî]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Wijayanti, Hani. Sukabumi: CV. Jejak. Hlm. 111. ISBN 978-623-498-605-1.</ref><ref name=":4">Abdillah, Abu Umar (September 2020) ‘‘[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Majalah_ar_risalah_Edisi_229_September_2/PZcBEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=dua+istri+Abu+Darda&pg=PA50&printsec=frontcover Ummu Darda' Ash-Shughra]’’. Majalah Ar-Risalah Edisi 229 Volume XXI Nomor 3. Hlm. 50. ISSN 1978-4228.</ref> Kadua istirina Abu Darda' disobuk sabagai Ummu Darda'.<ref>Syaikh, Badawi Mahmud (2006). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Riyadhu_ash_Shalihat/jbN-DwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=dua+istri+Abu+Darda&pg=PA159&printsec=frontcover Taman Wanita-wanita Salehah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Tim Qisthi Press. [''Riyadhu ash-Shalihat''] Ditorjomakang ole Indrayadi, Yodi. Jakarta: Qisthi Press. Hlm. 159. ISBN 978-979-1303-04-0 </ref> Masing-masing istirina Abu Darda' dibedakang monjadi Ummu Darda' Besar dang Ummu Darda' Kocil.<ref name=":4" /> Ummu Darda' Besar morupakang panggilang untuk Haira binti Abi Hadrad.<ref name=":3" /> Sadangkang Ummu Darda' Kocil morupakang panggilang untuk Hujaima binti Huyai.<ref name=":4" /> Haira morupakang sala satu sahabakna Muhammad yang monika dengang Abu Darda' kotika Muhammad masi hiduk.<ref name=":3" /> Sodangkang Hujaima binti Huyai monikah dengang Abu Darda' sotola Muhammad dang Haira binti Abi Hadrad tola moninggal.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Hujaiman binti Huyai tidak tormasuk sahabakna Muhammad totapi morupakang seorang tabi'ing.<ref name=":3" /> == Koislamang == === Monjadi musling === Abu Darda' monjadi musling sotola torjadina Porang Badar. Sobolung monjadi musling, Abu Darda' morupakang ponyomba borhala. Ia monjadi musling sotola patung-patung yang nasomba dihancurkang ole Abdullah bing Rawaha yang morupakang sahabakna sojak masa Jahiliya. Kohancurang patung-patunna mombuak Abu Darda' monyadari bahwa patung-patunna tidak layak disomba karana tidak bisa mambela dirina sandiri. Boborapa hari sojak kohancurang patung-patunna, Abu Darda' mombicarakang tontang Islang dengang Yahsang al-Huta dang Abdullah bing Rawaha. Sotola yaking dengan ajarang Islang, Abu Darda' borsama dengang Yahsang al-Huta dang Abdullah bing Rawaha porgi monomui Muhammad dang dirina moyatakang koislamanna.<ref name=":1" /> === Porsaudaraang dengang Salmang al-Parisi === Abu Darda' adala sala satu sahabakna Muhammad yang diyakingi sobagai nabi dalang Islang.<ref>Al-Jauzi, Ibnu (Oktober 2015). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Shaidul_Khatir/lhI6DwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover Shaidul Khatir: Cara Manusia Cerdas Menang dalam Hidup]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hizbullah, N., dang Utomo, P. &#x5B;''Shaid al-Khatir''&#x5D; (dalang bahasa Arab). Ditorjomakang ole Rahman, Samson. Jakarta Timur: Maghfirah Pustaka. hlm. 32. ISBN <bdi>979-98464-4-7</bdi>.</ref> Sotola Abu Darda' monjadi musling, Muhammad sabagai nabi dalang Islang tola monjadikang Abu Darda' sabagai saudara dengang Salmang al-Parisi.<ref>Supriono, Arif (p-s) (Peberuari 2006) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Seratus_cerita_tentang_akhlak/AYQNS1Rwv0sC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27&pg=PA124&printsec=frontcover Seratus Cerita tentang Akhlak]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit Republika. Hlm. 124. ISBN 979-3210-65-6.</ref> Muhammad momporsaudarakang Abu Darda' dang Salmang al-Parisi untuk menguakkang hubungang sabagai ummak Islang.<ref>Jauhar Ridloni Marzuq (2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Inilah_Islam/yE5JDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27&pg=PA68&printsec=frontcover Inilah Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 67. ISBN 978-602-02-6706-7.</ref> === Masa awal koislamanna === Sotola monjadi musling, Abu Darda' momili untuk borhonti monjadi padagang dang mongabdikang hidukan untuk boribada.<ref name=":2" /> Pada masa awal koislamanna, Abu Darda' torlalu borlobihang dalang molaksanakang ibada. Kissana Abu Darda' yang borlobihang dalang molaksanakang ibada disobukkang dalang hadis yang diriwayakkang ole Al-Buhari, At-Tirmisi dang Ad-Darakutni. Somua hadis ini momulai kissa kotika Salmang al-Parisi borkunjung ke rumana Abu Darda'. Istirina Abu Darda' yaitu Ummu Darda mongolukang tontang suamina kopada Salmang al-Parisi karana solalu borpuasa satiak hari sorta kurang tidur karana solalu molaksanakang salak malang satiak hari. Parilakuna Abu Darda' komudiang diborontikang ole Salmang al-Parisi kotika Salmang al-Parisi bormalang di rumana Abu Darda'. Pagi harina, Abu Darda' mongajak Salmang al-Parisi pigi monomui Muhammad untuk moncoritakang kojadiang mereka bordua. Muhammad sabagai nabi dalang Islang komudiang monyatakang bahwa yang dilakukang ole Salmang al-Parisi adala bonar. Sotola itu, Abu Darda' tidak porna lagi molaksanakang ibada socara borlobihang.<ref>Kurnianto, Fajar (2016). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Jalan_Takwa_Meraih_Bahagia/E4pKDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27&pg=PA184&printsec=frontcover Jalan Takwa Meraih Bahagia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 183–184. ISBN 978-602-027-856-8.</ref> === Koikuk-sortaang dalang poporangang dan pokorjaang sabagai pongajar === [[File:Iszlám_hódítások_656.jpg|thumb|Peta yang monampilkang Damaskus di bagiang tonga (warna biru kahijoang) sabagai wilaya kokuasaang Kohalipaang Rasiding. Damaskus monjadi tompak tinggalna Abu Darda' hingga moninggal pada masa pamarentahang Usmang bing Appang.]] Pada masa hidukna Muhammad, Abu Darda' ikuk sorta dalang Porang Uhuk.<ref name=":0" /> Kotika masa Kohalipaang Rasiding yang dipimping ole Umar bing Hattab, ajarang Islang tola monyobar hingga ke wilaya Sang. Yasid bing Abi Supiyang solaku pamarenta di Sang mominta kopada Umar bing Hattab untuk mongiringkang boborapa pongajar Al-Kur'ang dang pongajar agama ke Sang. Umar bing Hattab komudiang mongutus tiga orang yaitu Abu Darda', Mu'as bing Jabal dang Ubada bing Samik. Kotigana diutus ke Kota Homes. Solaing itu, Umar bing Hattab monyuru kotigana untuk momporhatikang koinginang panduduk Sang dalang bolajar tontang Islang dang Al-Kur'ang. Umar bing Hattab mominta kotigana untuk masing-masing monotak di Homes, Damaskus dang Palesting jika banyak pondudukna Sang yang tortarik bolajar tontang Islang. Ahirna, Ubada bing Samik momili monotak di Homes, Abu Darda' monotak di Damaskus dang Mu'as bing Jabal monotak di Palesting. Abu Darda' tinggal di Damaskus sampai moninggal dunia.<ref>Fahasbu, Ahmad Husain (Oktoberek 2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Dan_Arsy_pun_Berguncang/pQ6HEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27&pg=PA100&printsec=frontcover Dan 'Arsy Pun Berguncang]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Iyubenu, Edi AH. Yogoyakarta: Diva Press. Hlm. 102. ISBN 978-623-293-727-7.</ref> Di Damaskus, Abu Darda' ditotakkang sabagai haking solama masa pamarentaang Umar bing Hattab.<ref name=":2" /> == Komatiang == Abu Darda' moninggal di Iskandariya dalang wilayah Mesir pada tahung 32 Hijiriya atau bortopatang dengan tahung 652 Masihi.<ref name=":2" /> Ia moninggal pada masa ahir pamarentahang Usmang bing Appang sabagai halipa bagi Kohalipaang Rasiding.<ref name=":0" /> Komatiang Abu Darda' borkisar dua tahung sobolung pombunuhang Usmang bing Appang. Monjolang komatianna, Abu Darda' ditomangi ole istirina yaitu Ummu Darda.<ref>Mahsun Djayadi (2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ibrah_kehidupan/UTeGEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Abu+Darda%27+meninggal&pg=PA201&printsec=frontcover Ibrah Kehidupan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Surabaya: UM Surabaya Publishing. Hlm. 201. ISBN 978-623-7259-07-7.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mfp]] {{INTERWIKI|Q1112739}} r1105pi27g1qnb2wbcx8chvqqq5ry50 0 3827253 7374250 2026-10-25T14:00:42Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/قاباق یارادیلیر 7374250 wikitext text/x-wiki ==قاباق== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #قاباق← اوز، ایرَلی، هر زادین قاباقی، آدام دالی قاباقی. #:قاباق← قاباق‌دان گیدید! {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/Front|Front]] * تورکییه : قاباق * عربجه : * فارسجا: جلو * باهار دیلی: قاباق {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[Category:Wt/azb/باهار دیله]] [[En:Front]] [[Fa:جلو]] lxa6xyrytnzgf2rsxx0n6zlk7y051yc 7374257 7374250 2026-10-25T14:09:01Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/قاباق دییشدیریلیر/ایصلاح 7374257 wikitext text/x-wiki ==قاباق== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #قاباق← اوز، ایرَلی، هر زادین قاباقی، آدام دالی قاباقی. #:قاباق← قاباق‌دان گیدید! {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/front|front]] * تورکییه : قاباق * عربجه : * فارسجا: جلو * باهار دیلی: قاباق {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[Category:Wt/azb/باهار دیله]] [[En:front]] [[Fa:جلو]] 9wk0cztp72t3rk0okupr9rsuze1moxy 0 3827254 7374252 2026-10-25T14:03:20Z JumadilM 2556400 mombuak halamang baru 7374252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Odoardo Beccari.jpg|thumb|Potona Odoardo Beccari]] '''Odoardo Beccari''' (16 November 1843 – 25 Oktober 1920) adala seorang panjalaja dang ahali tanamang borkobangsaang Italia. Ia monjadi yating piatu pada usia dini dang dirawak oleh pamang dari mamakna sojak kacil. Odoardo Beccari barsakola di Lucca dang borminakki dalang bidang biologi sojak masa romaja. Kotika monompu pondidikang tinggi, ia monokungi bidang ilmu tumbuhang di Pakulotas Ilmu Pongotahuang Alang, Unipersitas Pisa. Sotola monyolosaikang pondidikang tinggi, Odoardo Beccari bokorja sobagai ahali ilmu tumbuhang, Ia monoliti tontang tassonomi tumbuhang torutama di wilaya Kopulauang Molayu pada paru kodua ahir abak ke-19 Masihi. Sotola molakukang panjalajahang, Odoardo Beccari momusakkang porhatiang torhadak ponggolongan jonis tumbuhang torutama jonis paleng. Solaing itu, Odoardo Beccari juga bokorja sabagai kongsultang untuk Elio Modigliani. Boborapa jonis tanamang yang suda natemukang Odoardo Beccari yaitu bunga bangkai raksasa, beberapa jonis tumbuhang dari maraga ''Rhododendron,'' dang jonis ''Calamus kandariensis''. Solaing itu, Odoardo Beccari monulis boborapa kariya tulis yang borsipak monamba pongotahuang dalang ilmu tumbuhang soporti ''Malesia, Nuova Guinea, Celebes e Molucche,'' dang ''Nelle Foreste di Borneo''. == Kohidupang poribadi == Odoardo Beccari dilahirkang di Firengse pada tanggalak 16 November 1843.<ref name=":0">Dowe, John Leslie (2016). "[https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23609/7/04%20Dowe.pdf Odoardo Beccari and Enrico D'Albertus in Australia and New Zealand, 1878: Botanical and Zoological Collections]" (dalang bahasa Inggiris). ''Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania''. '''150''' (2): 27.</ref> Kobangsaanna Odoardo Beccari adala Italia.<ref>Pusat Data dan Analisa Tempo (2020). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengenal_Bunga_Bangkai_yang_Sudah_Tak_La/5BtSEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Odoardo+Beccari&pg=PA62&printsec=frontcover Mengenal Bunga Bangkai yang Sudah Tak Langka]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Tempo Publishing. hlm. 62. ISBN 978-623-339-984-5.</ref> Bapakna Odoardo Beccari bornama Giuseppe dang mamakna Odoardo Beccari bornama Antonietta Minucci. Kodua orang tuana Odoardo Beccari moninggal kotika Beccari masi borumur dini, sohingga ia dirawak ole pamang dari mamakna yang bornama Minuccio Minucci. Pamanna Odoardo Beccari bokorja sabagai ahali teknologi di Lucca.<ref>Biagioli, Beatrice (2008). ''l[https://library.oapen.org/viewer/web/viewer.html?file=/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/54841/9788884538055.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y ’archivio di odoardo Beccar: iIndagini naturalistiche tra fine ’800 e inizio ’900]'' (dalang bahasa Italia). Firengse: Firenze University Press. hlm. 9. ISBN 978-88-8453-805-5.</ref> == Koporibadiang dang pandidikang == Odoardo Beccari dikonal sobagai anak yang pintar dalang ilmu alang. Ia dikotahui solalu cepak dalang momahangi tontang carana mahluk hiduk monjalangi kohidupanna. Komampuanna dalam momahami cara korja kohidupang mombuak dirina gampang pahang tontang lngkungang dan ilmu mahluk hiduk.<ref>Pramudianto (2015). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mom_Dad_As_Super_Coaches/X5yACwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Odoardo+Beccari&pg=PA107&printsec=frontcover Mom and Dad as Super Coaches: Metode Coaching dalam Dunia Parenting & Pendidikan] (dalang bahasa Indonesia)''. Diuba-sosuaikang ole Christian, Putri. Yogoyakarta: ANDI. hlm. 107. ISBN 978-979-29-5424-1.</ref> Odoardo Beccari barsakola di Lucca dang momiliki minak dalang ilmu tumbuhang. Kotika borusia 13 tahung, Odoardo Beccari mulai mongumpulkang tanamang dengang bimbingang dari guruna yang bornama Ignasio Messetti dang Cesare Bicci. Guruna Odoardo Beccari yang bornama Ignasio Messetti morupakang seorang kopala biara, sedangkang Cesare Bicci adala pimpinang sobua kobung raya kota di Lucca. Sotola monamakkang sakola, Odoardo Beccari komudian molanjukkang pandidikanna di Pakulotas Ilmu Pongotahuang Alang, Unipersitas Pisa. Solama kulia, Odoardo Beccari monghususkang kajiang tontang ''Kriptogamae''. Odoardo Beccari borhasil mongumpulkan borbagai jonis tanamang dang komudiang monuliskang cir-cirina dalang siri ''Erbario Crittogamico Italiano''.<ref>"[https://www.sma.unifi.it/upload/sub/estratti_monografie/botanica/protagonisti/_odoardo-beccari.pdf Odoardo Beccari: la vita]" (dalang bahasa Italia). ''Sistema Museale di Ateneo''.</ref> == Pokorjaang == === Ahali ilmu tumbuhang === [[File:Malay_Archipelago_in_Southeast_Asia.svg|thumb|Kopuloang Molayu yang monjadi kawasang panjalajahanna Odoardo Beccari sobagai ahali ilmu tumbuhang.]] Pokorjaang utamana Odoardo Beccari adala sabagai ahali ilmu tumbuhang.<ref>Bestari, Pemuda Gusti (2014). "Bunga Bangkai: Busuk, Tapi Disukai" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Aziz, Nasru Alam dalang ''Indonesia dalam Infografik''. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. hlm. 106. ISBN 978-979-709-841-4.</ref> Kotika bokorja sobagai ahali ilmu tumbuhang, Odoardo Beccari menjadi salah satu ponoliti yang monoruskang ponolitianna Jorge Eberhar Rumpop. Ponolitiang ini mongonai ponggolongang tumbuhang sarang semuk di pulo Ambong yang borada di Kopuloang Maluku.<ref>Subroto, M. A., dan Saputro, H. (2006). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/GEMPUR_penyakit_dgn_sarng_semut/U7Sx53ukwh0C?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Odoardo+Beccari&pg=PA24&printsec=frontcover Gempur Penyakit dengan Sarang Semut]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Niaga Swadaya. hlm.&nbsp;24.</ref> Kogiatang panjalajahang tola dilakukang ole Odoardo Beccari hingga moncakuk kopuloang Molayu. Odoardo Beccari momulai ponolitianna sojak tahun 1865 Masihi hingga tahung 1868 Masihi. Cakukang dari ponolitiang Odoardo Beccari mulai dari Kalimantang sampe ke pulo Papua bagiang timur. Sotola monyolosaikang ponolitiang tontang tumbuhang sarang semuk, Odoardo Beccari molanjukkang porjalanang solama 10 tahung unutk mongolilingi Apirika, Asia Tonggara dang Oseania. Solama porjalanang torsobuk, Odoardo Beccari mombuak banyak pongamatang dan mongumpulkang ribuang contoh mahluk hiduk.<ref>Viciani, D., dkk. (2021). "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17445647.2021.1937727 The amazing travels of a great naturalist to Sarawak (Malaysia): Odoardo Beccari's wanderings in Borneo, 1865–1868]" (dalang bahasa Inggiris). ''Journal of Maps''. '''17''' (1): 95. Doi: 10.1080/17445647.2021.1937727. </ref> Sotola itu, Odoardo Beccari mulai tekung dalang mompolajari tumbuhang dari jonis paleng.<ref>Kartikasari, S. N., Marshall, A. J., dang Beehler, B. M., ed. (Septemberek 2013). ''Ekologi Papua'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia dan Conservation International. hlm. 27. ISBN 978-979-461-796-0.</ref> === Kongsultang === Odoardo Beccari morupakang seorang ahali alang yang ahali dalang mombuak gambarang. Komampuanna dalang monggambar mombuak Odoardo Beccari monjadi sala satu porintisi ilmu ponggambarang socara koilmuang.<ref>Novrianty, Eka (Mei 2022). "[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Majalah_Trubus_Edisi_Mei_2022/OQeMEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Odoardo+Beccari&pg=PA74&printsec=frontcover Bawang Putih di Kulim Merah]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). ''Majalah Trubus''. '''630'''. PT Trubus Swadaya: 74.</ref><ref>Cecchi, L., dkk. (Juni 2021). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350981608_Odoardo_Beccari%27s_Malesian_Herbarium_in_Florence_the_disclosure_of_a_hidden_treasure_1_Zingiberales Odoardo Beccari's Malesian Herbarium in Florence: The Disclosure of a Hidden Treasure. 1. Zingiberales]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). ''Plant Biosystems''. '''156''' (2).</ref> Solaing itu, Beccari juga monjadi kongsultang bagi Elio Modigliani dalang monontukang nagara yang monjadi tujuang panjalajahanna. Hasil kongsultasi dari Odoardo Beccari mombuak Modigliani momili pulo Nias sabagai lokasi panjalajahang portamana.<ref>Puccioni, Vanni (2016). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/TANAH_PARA_PENDEKAR_Petualangan_Elio_Mod/HUtFDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Odoardo+Beccari&pg=PA86&printsec=frontcover Tanah Para Pendekar: Petualangan Elio Modigliani di Nias Selatan Tahun 1886]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorjomakang ole Evi, N., dkk. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. hlm. 86. ISBN 978-602-03-3164-5.</ref> == Ponomuang == === Bunga bangkai raksasa === [[File:Titan-arum1web.jpg|thumb|Bungai bangkai raksasa yang jonisna portama kali ditomukang ole Odoardo Beccari.]] Odoardo Beccari monjadi ponomu dari jonis bunga bangkai raksasa yang portama. Ia monomukang bunga bangkai raksasa pada tahung 1878 di Kopahiang, Bongkulu.<ref>Arianto, W., dkk. (September 2019). "[https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jpsl/article/view/20378 Populasi dan Struktur Komposisi Vegetasi Habitat Bunga Bangkai (Amorphophallus titanum &#x5B;Becc.&#x5D; Becc. Ex Arcang) di Kawasan Hutan Bengkulu]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). ''Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan''. '''9''' (2): 241–242.</ref><ref>Laporan Jurnalistik Kompas (April 2010). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Jelajah_Musi/nAiz-BeJU_wC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Odoardo+Beccari&pg=PA21&printsec=frontcover Jelajah Musi: Eksotika Sungai di Ujung Senja]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Nurhan, Kenedi. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. hlm. 21. ISBN 978-979-709-485-0.</ref> Odoardo Beccari komudiang mongiringkang boni bunga bangkai raksasa ke kobung raya di Italia untuk ditumbukang sampe monjadi kacamba. Sotola itu, kacamba dari bunga bangka raksasa dikiring ke soluru kobung raya di Eropa kotika suda borusia satu tahung. Namung, bunga portama yang borhasil tumbu baru torjadi sapulu tahung sotola masana boni portama. Boni bunga bangkai raksasa yang portama tumbu di wilaya Eropa yaitu yang ditanang di ruma kaca dalang Kobung Botani Kew di Inggiris.<ref>Gracie, Carol (2021). "[https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780691217543-005/pdf Darwin's orchid (Angraecum sesquipedale), Orchidaceae]" (dalang bahasa Inggiris). ''Florapedia''. Princeton University Press. hlm. 36.</ref> === ''Rhododendron'' === Pada tahung 1875 M, Odoardo Beccari manjalaja di Pogunungang Arapak di pulo Papua. Dari panjalajahanna, ia monomukang koboradaang empak jonis ''Rhododendron''. Ponomuanna mombuak koboradaang ''Rhododendron'' dikotahui untuk portama kalina di pulo Papua.<ref>Mambrasar, Yasper Michael (2018). "[https://www.ptti.or.id/journal/index.php/Floribunda/article/download/248/228 Rhododendron gumineense craven (Ericaceae, Subgenus Vireya), A New Record for Indonesia]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). ''Floribunda''. '''6''' (1): 19.</ref> === ''Calamus kandariensis'' === Pada tahun 1873 M dang 1874 M, Odoardo Beccari mongadakang porjalanang di Asia dang mongunjungi pulo Sulawesi. Solama konjungang torsobuk, Odoardo Beccari datang ke boborapa tompak di bagiang utara dang salatanna pulo Sulawesi tormasuk Kota Gorontalo, Kota Makassar dan Kota Kendari. Odoardo Beccari monomukang satu jonis tumbuhang dang monamaina sobagai ''Calamus kandariensis''.<ref>Rustiami, H., dan Henderson, A. (2017). "[https://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/reinwardtia/article/download/3232/2888https://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/reinwardtia/article/download/3232/2888 A Synopsis of Calamus (Arecaceae) in Sulawesi]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). ''Reinwardtia''. '''16''' (2): 49.</ref> == Kariya tulis dang komatiang == Somasa hidukna, Odoardo Beccari banyak monulis kariya tulis tontang ilmu tumbuhang. Kariya-kariana Odoardo Beccari borkaitang dengang hasil kodatanganna ke kopuloang di Nusantara torutama solama 3 tahung tinggal bormuking di Kalimantang. Buku-buku yang natulis Odoardo Beccari yaitu ''Malesia, Nuova Guinea, Celebes e Molucche,'' dang ''Nelle Foreste di Borneo''. Dalang ''Nelle Foreste di Borneo'', Odoardo Beccari banyak monjolaskang tontang kohidupang tumbuhang dang hewang yang naliak socara langsung di Nusantara.<ref>Rivai, Faisah Sunoto (Oktober 2003). "[https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/3069/1/Kongres%20Bahasa%20Indonesia%20VIII%20Kelompok%20D%20Ruang%20Irian.pdf Peningkatan Mutu Pengajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Italia]". ''Kongres Bahasa Indonesia VIII: Kelompok D Ruang Irian'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia. hlm. 2.</ref> Odoardo Beccari moninggal di Firengse pada tanggal 25 Oktoberek 1920 Masihi.<ref name=":0" /> == Rujukang == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mfp]] 7ts76j4pwzlgu5my8awh0on43obenpt 7374253 7374252 2026-10-25T14:05:37Z JumadilM 2556400 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q361037]] 7374253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Odoardo Beccari.jpg|thumb|Potona Odoardo Beccari]] '''Odoardo Beccari''' (16 November 1843 – 25 Oktober 1920) adala seorang panjalaja dang ahali tanamang borkobangsaang Italia. Ia monjadi yating piatu pada usia dini dang dirawak oleh pamang dari mamakna sojak kacil. Odoardo Beccari barsakola di Lucca dang borminakki dalang bidang biologi sojak masa romaja. Kotika monompu pondidikang tinggi, ia monokungi bidang ilmu tumbuhang di Pakulotas Ilmu Pongotahuang Alang, Unipersitas Pisa. Sotola monyolosaikang pondidikang tinggi, Odoardo Beccari bokorja sobagai ahali ilmu tumbuhang, Ia monoliti tontang tassonomi tumbuhang torutama di wilaya Kopulauang Molayu pada paru kodua ahir abak ke-19 Masihi. Sotola molakukang panjalajahang, Odoardo Beccari momusakkang porhatiang torhadak ponggolongan jonis tumbuhang torutama jonis paleng. Solaing itu, Odoardo Beccari juga bokorja sabagai kongsultang untuk Elio Modigliani. Boborapa jonis tanamang yang suda natemukang Odoardo Beccari yaitu bunga bangkai raksasa, beberapa jonis tumbuhang dari maraga ''Rhododendron,'' dang jonis ''Calamus kandariensis''. Solaing itu, Odoardo Beccari monulis boborapa kariya tulis yang borsipak monamba pongotahuang dalang ilmu tumbuhang soporti ''Malesia, Nuova Guinea, Celebes e Molucche,'' dang ''Nelle Foreste di Borneo''. == Kohidupang poribadi == Odoardo Beccari dilahirkang di Firengse pada tanggalak 16 November 1843.<ref name=":0">Dowe, John Leslie (2016). "[https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23609/7/04%20Dowe.pdf Odoardo Beccari and Enrico D'Albertus in Australia and New Zealand, 1878: Botanical and Zoological Collections]" (dalang bahasa Inggiris). ''Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania''. '''150''' (2): 27.</ref> Kobangsaanna Odoardo Beccari adala Italia.<ref>Pusat Data dan Analisa Tempo (2020). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengenal_Bunga_Bangkai_yang_Sudah_Tak_La/5BtSEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Odoardo+Beccari&pg=PA62&printsec=frontcover Mengenal Bunga Bangkai yang Sudah Tak Langka]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Tempo Publishing. hlm. 62. ISBN 978-623-339-984-5.</ref> Bapakna Odoardo Beccari bornama Giuseppe dang mamakna Odoardo Beccari bornama Antonietta Minucci. Kodua orang tuana Odoardo Beccari moninggal kotika Beccari masi borumur dini, sohingga ia dirawak ole pamang dari mamakna yang bornama Minuccio Minucci. Pamanna Odoardo Beccari bokorja sabagai ahali teknologi di Lucca.<ref>Biagioli, Beatrice (2008). ''l[https://library.oapen.org/viewer/web/viewer.html?file=/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/54841/9788884538055.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y ’archivio di odoardo Beccar: iIndagini naturalistiche tra fine ’800 e inizio ’900]'' (dalang bahasa Italia). Firengse: Firenze University Press. hlm. 9. ISBN 978-88-8453-805-5.</ref> == Koporibadiang dang pandidikang == Odoardo Beccari dikonal sobagai anak yang pintar dalang ilmu alang. Ia dikotahui solalu cepak dalang momahangi tontang carana mahluk hiduk monjalangi kohidupanna. Komampuanna dalam momahami cara korja kohidupang mombuak dirina gampang pahang tontang lngkungang dan ilmu mahluk hiduk.<ref>Pramudianto (2015). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mom_Dad_As_Super_Coaches/X5yACwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Odoardo+Beccari&pg=PA107&printsec=frontcover Mom and Dad as Super Coaches: Metode Coaching dalam Dunia Parenting & Pendidikan] (dalang bahasa Indonesia)''. Diuba-sosuaikang ole Christian, Putri. Yogoyakarta: ANDI. hlm. 107. ISBN 978-979-29-5424-1.</ref> Odoardo Beccari barsakola di Lucca dang momiliki minak dalang ilmu tumbuhang. Kotika borusia 13 tahung, Odoardo Beccari mulai mongumpulkang tanamang dengang bimbingang dari guruna yang bornama Ignasio Messetti dang Cesare Bicci. Guruna Odoardo Beccari yang bornama Ignasio Messetti morupakang seorang kopala biara, sedangkang Cesare Bicci adala pimpinang sobua kobung raya kota di Lucca. Sotola monamakkang sakola, Odoardo Beccari komudian molanjukkang pandidikanna di Pakulotas Ilmu Pongotahuang Alang, Unipersitas Pisa. Solama kulia, Odoardo Beccari monghususkang kajiang tontang ''Kriptogamae''. Odoardo Beccari borhasil mongumpulkan borbagai jonis tanamang dang komudiang monuliskang cir-cirina dalang siri ''Erbario Crittogamico Italiano''.<ref>"[https://www.sma.unifi.it/upload/sub/estratti_monografie/botanica/protagonisti/_odoardo-beccari.pdf Odoardo Beccari: la vita]" (dalang bahasa Italia). ''Sistema Museale di Ateneo''.</ref> == Pokorjaang == === Ahali ilmu tumbuhang === [[File:Malay_Archipelago_in_Southeast_Asia.svg|thumb|Kopuloang Molayu yang monjadi kawasang panjalajahanna Odoardo Beccari sobagai ahali ilmu tumbuhang.]] Pokorjaang utamana Odoardo Beccari adala sabagai ahali ilmu tumbuhang.<ref>Bestari, Pemuda Gusti (2014). "Bunga Bangkai: Busuk, Tapi Disukai" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Aziz, Nasru Alam dalang ''Indonesia dalam Infografik''. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. hlm. 106. ISBN 978-979-709-841-4.</ref> Kotika bokorja sobagai ahali ilmu tumbuhang, Odoardo Beccari menjadi salah satu ponoliti yang monoruskang ponolitianna Jorge Eberhar Rumpop. Ponolitiang ini mongonai ponggolongang tumbuhang sarang semuk di pulo Ambong yang borada di Kopuloang Maluku.<ref>Subroto, M. A., dan Saputro, H. (2006). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/GEMPUR_penyakit_dgn_sarng_semut/U7Sx53ukwh0C?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Odoardo+Beccari&pg=PA24&printsec=frontcover Gempur Penyakit dengan Sarang Semut]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Niaga Swadaya. hlm.&nbsp;24.</ref> Kogiatang panjalajahang tola dilakukang ole Odoardo Beccari hingga moncakuk kopuloang Molayu. Odoardo Beccari momulai ponolitianna sojak tahun 1865 Masihi hingga tahung 1868 Masihi. Cakukang dari ponolitiang Odoardo Beccari mulai dari Kalimantang sampe ke pulo Papua bagiang timur. Sotola monyolosaikang ponolitiang tontang tumbuhang sarang semuk, Odoardo Beccari molanjukkang porjalanang solama 10 tahung unutk mongolilingi Apirika, Asia Tonggara dang Oseania. Solama porjalanang torsobuk, Odoardo Beccari mombuak banyak pongamatang dan mongumpulkang ribuang contoh mahluk hiduk.<ref>Viciani, D., dkk. (2021). "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17445647.2021.1937727 The amazing travels of a great naturalist to Sarawak (Malaysia): Odoardo Beccari's wanderings in Borneo, 1865–1868]" (dalang bahasa Inggiris). ''Journal of Maps''. '''17''' (1): 95. Doi: 10.1080/17445647.2021.1937727. </ref> Sotola itu, Odoardo Beccari mulai tekung dalang mompolajari tumbuhang dari jonis paleng.<ref>Kartikasari, S. N., Marshall, A. J., dang Beehler, B. M., ed. (Septemberek 2013). ''Ekologi Papua'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia dan Conservation International. hlm. 27. ISBN 978-979-461-796-0.</ref> === Kongsultang === Odoardo Beccari morupakang seorang ahali alang yang ahali dalang mombuak gambarang. Komampuanna dalang monggambar mombuak Odoardo Beccari monjadi sala satu porintisi ilmu ponggambarang socara koilmuang.<ref>Novrianty, Eka (Mei 2022). "[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Majalah_Trubus_Edisi_Mei_2022/OQeMEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Odoardo+Beccari&pg=PA74&printsec=frontcover Bawang Putih di Kulim Merah]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). ''Majalah Trubus''. '''630'''. PT Trubus Swadaya: 74.</ref><ref>Cecchi, L., dkk. (Juni 2021). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350981608_Odoardo_Beccari%27s_Malesian_Herbarium_in_Florence_the_disclosure_of_a_hidden_treasure_1_Zingiberales Odoardo Beccari's Malesian Herbarium in Florence: The Disclosure of a Hidden Treasure. 1. Zingiberales]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). ''Plant Biosystems''. '''156''' (2).</ref> Solaing itu, Beccari juga monjadi kongsultang bagi Elio Modigliani dalang monontukang nagara yang monjadi tujuang panjalajahanna. Hasil kongsultasi dari Odoardo Beccari mombuak Modigliani momili pulo Nias sabagai lokasi panjalajahang portamana.<ref>Puccioni, Vanni (2016). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/TANAH_PARA_PENDEKAR_Petualangan_Elio_Mod/HUtFDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Odoardo+Beccari&pg=PA86&printsec=frontcover Tanah Para Pendekar: Petualangan Elio Modigliani di Nias Selatan Tahun 1886]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorjomakang ole Evi, N., dkk. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. hlm. 86. ISBN 978-602-03-3164-5.</ref> == Ponomuang == === Bunga bangkai raksasa === [[File:Titan-arum1web.jpg|thumb|Bungai bangkai raksasa yang jonisna portama kali ditomukang ole Odoardo Beccari.]] Odoardo Beccari monjadi ponomu dari jonis bunga bangkai raksasa yang portama. Ia monomukang bunga bangkai raksasa pada tahung 1878 di Kopahiang, Bongkulu.<ref>Arianto, W., dkk. (September 2019). "[https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jpsl/article/view/20378 Populasi dan Struktur Komposisi Vegetasi Habitat Bunga Bangkai (Amorphophallus titanum &#x5B;Becc.&#x5D; Becc. Ex Arcang) di Kawasan Hutan Bengkulu]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). ''Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan''. '''9''' (2): 241–242.</ref><ref>Laporan Jurnalistik Kompas (April 2010). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Jelajah_Musi/nAiz-BeJU_wC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Odoardo+Beccari&pg=PA21&printsec=frontcover Jelajah Musi: Eksotika Sungai di Ujung Senja]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Nurhan, Kenedi. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. hlm. 21. ISBN 978-979-709-485-0.</ref> Odoardo Beccari komudiang mongiringkang boni bunga bangkai raksasa ke kobung raya di Italia untuk ditumbukang sampe monjadi kacamba. Sotola itu, kacamba dari bunga bangka raksasa dikiring ke soluru kobung raya di Eropa kotika suda borusia satu tahung. Namung, bunga portama yang borhasil tumbu baru torjadi sapulu tahung sotola masana boni portama. Boni bunga bangkai raksasa yang portama tumbu di wilaya Eropa yaitu yang ditanang di ruma kaca dalang Kobung Botani Kew di Inggiris.<ref>Gracie, Carol (2021). "[https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780691217543-005/pdf Darwin's orchid (Angraecum sesquipedale), Orchidaceae]" (dalang bahasa Inggiris). ''Florapedia''. Princeton University Press. hlm. 36.</ref> === ''Rhododendron'' === Pada tahung 1875 M, Odoardo Beccari manjalaja di Pogunungang Arapak di pulo Papua. Dari panjalajahanna, ia monomukang koboradaang empak jonis ''Rhododendron''. Ponomuanna mombuak koboradaang ''Rhododendron'' dikotahui untuk portama kalina di pulo Papua.<ref>Mambrasar, Yasper Michael (2018). "[https://www.ptti.or.id/journal/index.php/Floribunda/article/download/248/228 Rhododendron gumineense craven (Ericaceae, Subgenus Vireya), A New Record for Indonesia]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). ''Floribunda''. '''6''' (1): 19.</ref> === ''Calamus kandariensis'' === Pada tahun 1873 M dang 1874 M, Odoardo Beccari mongadakang porjalanang di Asia dang mongunjungi pulo Sulawesi. Solama konjungang torsobuk, Odoardo Beccari datang ke boborapa tompak di bagiang utara dang salatanna pulo Sulawesi tormasuk Kota Gorontalo, Kota Makassar dan Kota Kendari. Odoardo Beccari monomukang satu jonis tumbuhang dang monamaina sobagai ''Calamus kandariensis''.<ref>Rustiami, H., dan Henderson, A. (2017). "[https://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/reinwardtia/article/download/3232/2888https://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/reinwardtia/article/download/3232/2888 A Synopsis of Calamus (Arecaceae) in Sulawesi]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). ''Reinwardtia''. '''16''' (2): 49.</ref> == Kariya tulis dang komatiang == Somasa hidukna, Odoardo Beccari banyak monulis kariya tulis tontang ilmu tumbuhang. Kariya-kariana Odoardo Beccari borkaitang dengang hasil kodatanganna ke kopuloang di Nusantara torutama solama 3 tahung tinggal bormuking di Kalimantang. Buku-buku yang natulis Odoardo Beccari yaitu ''Malesia, Nuova Guinea, Celebes e Molucche,'' dang ''Nelle Foreste di Borneo''. Dalang ''Nelle Foreste di Borneo'', Odoardo Beccari banyak monjolaskang tontang kohidupang tumbuhang dang hewang yang naliak socara langsung di Nusantara.<ref>Rivai, Faisah Sunoto (Oktober 2003). "[https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/3069/1/Kongres%20Bahasa%20Indonesia%20VIII%20Kelompok%20D%20Ruang%20Irian.pdf Peningkatan Mutu Pengajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Italia]". ''Kongres Bahasa Indonesia VIII: Kelompok D Ruang Irian'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia. hlm. 2.</ref> Odoardo Beccari moninggal di Firengse pada tanggal 25 Oktoberek 1920 Masihi.<ref name=":0" /> == Rujukang == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mfp]] {{INTERWIKI|Q361037}} 6kjd5j9xy19wwx2bywg3ekkiwembpsc 0 3827255 7374254 2026-10-25T14:06:39Z JumadilM 2556400 mombuak halamang baru 7374254 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Konstantynopol_overal_look.JPG|thumb|Ponampakang soluruh wilayana Kustangtinopel solama masa Kokaisarang Romawi Timur atau Kokaisarang Bisantiung.]] '''Kustangtinopel''' adala sobua kota yang torlotak di wilaya Turki dang sokarang wilayana monjadi Kota Istambul. Pondiriang Kustangtinopel dilakukang ole Bisas pada tahun 658 Sobolum Masihi dang pongombangangna sobagai kota bosar dang kota suci bagi umak Kerestieng dilakukang pada tahung 330 M dalang masa pomorintahang Kustangting I solaku Kaisar Romawi Timur. Kustangtinopel morupakang kota borbontuk sogi tiga soporti culana badak. Sisi sobolah utara Kustangtinopel diabatasi ole lauk Tonga dang sisi sobolah salatang dari wilayana dibatasi ole lauk Marmara. Bahasa yang digunakang ole ponduduk Kustangtinopel dan diakui ponggunaanna ole Kaisar Romawi Timur adala bahasa Lating dang bahasa Yunani. Pondidikang di Kota Kustangtinopel tolah diadakang sojak tahung 425 M dalang masa pomorintahang Kaisar Teodosius II. Sojak ahir abak kolima Masihi, agama utama yang diyakingi ole ponduduk Kustangtinopel adala Kokeristengang. Kota Kustangtinopel tolah borusaha ditaklukkang ole umak Islang sojak masa pomorintahanna Utsmang bin Affang dalang Kohalipaang Rasiding. Namung sobanyak sobolas kali usaha ponaklukang dalang 800 tahung komudiang, somuana gagal. Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole umak Islang baru borhasil pada tahun 1453 M molalui pongopungang umak Islang yang dipimping oleh Muhammad al-Fati solaku Sultang Usmaniya yang kotuju. == Lokasi, pondiriang dang pombangunang == [[File:Golden_Horn.PNG|thumb|Peta yang monampilkang wilayana Kota Kustangtinopel pada awal didirikang oleh Bisas (mera tua), diporluas ole Kaisar Kustangting (abu-abu golap) dang porluasang ole Kaisar Teodosius II (abu-abu torang).]] Lokasian Kustangtinopel torlotak di antara Eropa dang Asia Kocil. Solaing itu, posisina Kustangtinopel borada di antarana lauk Tonga dang laut Hitang.<ref>Butler, Rupert (2016) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pertempuran_Terbesar_Sepanjang_Sejarah/hVFwDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=sejarah+Konstantinopel&pg=PA187&printsec=frontcover Pertempuran Terbesar Sepanjang Sejarah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Jakarta: PT Penerbit Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 187.</ref> Kustangtinopel didirikang sobagai kota sojak tahung 658 Sobolum Masihi oleh seorang bernama Bisas. Pada awal pondirianna, Kustangtinopel dinamai Bisantiung. Pada tahung 324 Masihi, Kaisar Kustanting I momindakang ibu kota Kokaisarang Romawi Timur ke Bisantiung.<ref>Salam, A., dkk. (2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sastra_Rempah/5NhVEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kapan+Konstantinopel+dibangun&pg=PA764&printsec=frontcover Sastra Rempah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Salemang: PT Kanisius. Hlm. 764.</ref> Komudiang pada tahung 330 M dalang masa pomorintahang Kustangting I solaku Kaisar Romawi Timur, Bisantiung diporluas dan dibangungi borbagai bangunang dang komudiang diganti namana mongikuti ponamaan dari Kaisar Kustangting solaku pondirina. Nama baru kota Bisantiung yaitu Kustangtinopel. Korana itu pula, Kokaisarang Romawi Tiimur dikonal sobagai Kokaisarang Bisantiung.<ref name=":0">Pramugianto, Adi Taufik. (2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Tujuh_Mualaf_yang_Mengharumkan_Islam/nH_sCgAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kapan+Konstantinopel+dibangun&pg=PA59&printsec=frontcover Tujuh Mualaf yang Mengharumkan Islam: The Glory of Islam]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Jakarta Salatang: Noura Books. Hlm. 59. ISBN 978-602-0989-38-9</ref> Pondiriang Kustangtinopel ole Kustangting I borkaitang dongang dukunganna torhadak ponyobarang dang porkombang agama yaitu Kokeristengang. Pada masa Kustangting I, Kustantgtinopel dibangung sobagai pusak porkombangang ajarang agama Kokeristengang sohingga monjadi kota suci bagi umak Keristeng. Solaing itu, Kustangtinopel juga monjadi pusak pomorintahang bagi Kokaisarang Romawi Timur yang wilaya kokuasaanna moncakuk kawasang di sokitar Kustangtinopel.<ref>Ar Rasyiid, Muhammad Hafiidh (2024) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_Al_Fatih/cOUTEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=agama+Konstantinopel&pg=PA86&printsec=frontcover ''Muhammad Al-Fatih: Kisah Sang Pemimpin dari Kesultanan Utsmaniyah''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia)''. Anak Hebat Indonesia''. Hlm. 86. </ref> Porluasang Kota Kustangtinopel dilakukang lagi ole Kaisar Teodosius II sojak tahung 425 M untuk mombangun puluhang sekola.<ref name=":1">Arifianto, Adityas (2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Eropa_Zaman_Renaisans/rKEJEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Pembangunan+Konstantinopel&pg=PA77&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Eropa Zaman Renaisans: Kebangkitan Negara-Negara di Eropa, Peralihan ke Logika Ilmiah, Humanisme, dan Konstitusi Negara Modern]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 77.</ref> Pada tahung 1261 M, di dalang Kustangtinopel diadakang pombangunang borbagai jonis bangunang socara bosar-bosarang.<ref name=":1" /> == Bontuk dang kondisi porbatasang == Kustangtinopel morupakang kota borbontuk sogi tiga. Bontuk sogi tiga na miripki dengang culana badak dengang acungang ke arah timur. Sisi sobolah utara dang salatang dari wilayana Kustangtinopel dibatasi ole lauk. Di bagiang utara, Kustangtinopel dibatasi ole laut Tonga yang mongara ke Dardanella. Sodangkang di bagiang salatang, Kustangtinopel dibatasi ole lauk Marmara. Bagiang utarana Kustangtinopel tordapak sobuah toluk bornama toluk Tanduk Emas. Soluruh porbatasang kota yang langsung monghadak ke lauk dibangungi tembok tobal sohingga kota Kustangtinopel monjadi kota benteng.<ref>Crowley, Roger. (Apirilik 2011) ''[https://www.silades.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/1453-Detik-detik-jatuhnya-Konstantinopel-ke-tangan-muslim.pdf 1453: Detik-detik Jatuhnya Konstantinopel ke Tangan Muslim]''. Diuba-sosuaikang ole Husnil, Muhammad. [1453: The Holy War for Constantinople and the Clash of Islam and th West] (dalang bahasa Inggirisi). Ditorjomahkang ole Muzir, Ridwan. Jakarta: Pustaka Alvabet. Hlm. 1-2. ISBN 978-979-3064-99-4</ref> == Kohidupang ponduduk == === Bahasa dang agama === Bahasa yang digunakang ole ponduduk Kustangtinopel dan diakui ponggunaanna ole Kaisar Romawi Timur adala bahasa Lating dang bahasa Yunani. Namung bahasa Lating hanya digunakang solama boborapa abak portama sojak pondiriang Kustangtinopel. Sojak ahir abak ke-5 Masehi, agama utama yang diyakingi ole ponduduk Kustangtinopel adala Kokeristengang. Sotolah itu, bahasa Yunani monjadi bahasa yang paling umung digunakang korana ponulisang Porjanjiang Baru yang morupakang sumber ajarang Kokeristengang monggunakang bahasa Yunani. Ponggunaang bahasa Lating komudiang hanya digunakang oleh para polajar tordidik di Kustangtinopel yang mompolajari pongotahuang tontang bahasa Lating dang kobudayaang Lating.<ref>Fuller, Graham E. (2010) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Apa_Jadinya_Dunia_Tanpa_Islam/THliCwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Luas+Konstantinopel&pg=PA86&printsec=frontcover Apa Jadinya Dunia Tanpa Islam?]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bandung: Mizan Publishing. Hlm. 86.</ref> === Pondidikang === Pondidikang di Kota Kustangtinopel tolah diadakang sojak tahung 425 M dalang masa pomorintahang Kaisar Teodosius II. Sobanyak 31 sekola dibangung ole Kaisar Teodosius II yang masing-masing mongajarkang tontang satu jonis polajarang. Mata polajarang utama yang diajarkang dalang sekola-sekola yang dibangung ole aisar Teodosius III yaitu hukung, kodokterang, porhitungang, ilmu bangung ruang, ilmu porbintangang, musik, dang ilmu borbicara di depang umung. Sobanyak 15 sekolah momborikang pondidikang dalang bahasa Lating dan sobanya 16 sekolah momborikang pondidikang dalang bahasa Yunani.<ref name=":1" /> == Ponaklukang ole umak Islang == [[File:Empire-byzantin-1450.svg|thumb|Kokaisarang Romawi Timur (mera) pada tahung 1450 M dengang Kustangtinopel (lingkarang puti) sobagai pusakna.]] Koboradaang Kota Kustangtinopel pada abak portongahang dianggak ole umak Islang sobagai ponghambak torsobarna ajarang Islang di bonua Eropa. Korana itu, umak Islang borusaha untuk monaklukkang Kustangtinopel agar dapak momporluas ponyobarang agama Islang di Eropa.<ref>Ash-Shallabi, Ali Muhammad (2002) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Bangkit_dan_Runtuhnya_Khilafah_Utsmaniya/d7_cDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Konstantinopel+Islam&pg=PA139&printsec=frontcover Bangkit dan Runtuhnya Khilafah Utsmaniyah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 139. </ref> Kota Kustangtinopel tolah borusaha ditaklukkang ole umak Islang sojak masa pomorintahanna Utsmang bin Affang dalang Kohalipaang Rasiding.<ref>Wijdan S. Z., A. (2007) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pemikiran_peradaban_Islam/zbDXAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Pemikiran dan Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Salemang: Pusat Studi Islam, Universitas Islam Indonesia. Hlm. 28.</ref> Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole umak Islang morupakang usaha untuk mombuktikang nubuak Muhammad sobagai nabi dalang Islang yang monyatakang bahwa Kustangtinopel akang dikuasai ole ummak Islang.<ref name=":2">Al-Munyawi, Ramzi (2012) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_Al_Fatih/fevbDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Muhammad Al-Fatih: Penakluk Konstantinopel]''. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-979-592-601-6.</ref> Pornyataan bahwa Kustangtinopel akang ditaklukkang ole umak Islang dinyatakang ole Muhammad pada saak borlangsungnya Porang Handak.<ref name=":0" /> Sojak 800 tahung komudiang sojak masa konabiang Muhammad monuruk koyakinang ummak Islang, tolah dilakukang sobanyak sobolas kali usaha ponaklukkang torhadak Kustangtinopel. Namun usaha torsobuk somuana gagal.<ref name=":2" /> Usaha ponaklukang torakhir yang mongalami kogagalang yaitu ponaklukang ole Sultang Sultang Murad II dalang masa Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref>Aizid, Rizem. (2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Para_Panglima_Perang_Islam/R6ZxEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&pg=PA333&printsec=frontcover Para Panglima Perang Islam]''. Diuba-sosuaikang ole Rusdianto. Yogoyakarta: Saufa. Hlm. 333. ISBN 978-602-7695-69-6</ref> [[File:Siege_of_Constantinople_1453_map-en.svg|thumb|Peta yang monampikang posisi pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya (hijo) yang mongopung Kustangtinopel dang pasukang Kota Kustangtinopel (mera) yang borusaha momportahangkang Kustangtinopel pada tahun 1453 M.]] Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole umak Islang baru borhasil pada tahun 1453 M molalui pongopungang umak Islang yang dipimping oleh Muhammad al-Fati solaku Sultang Usmaniya kotuju.<ref>Al-Hajj Ahmad, Yusuf. (2020) ''Mukjizat Al-Qur’an yang Tak Terbantahkan'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). [Al-Mu’jizah Al-Qur’aniyyah ‘ala Al-Mu’jizah Al-Hissiyyah] Ditorjomakang ole Zulhamid dang Miranda, Putri Aria. Jakarta: Aqwam. Hlm. 63. Hlm. 63. ISBN 978-979-039-368-4.</ref> Muhammad al-Fati tolah moroncanakang ponaklukan Kustangtinopel kotika dirina baru-barusang monjabak sobagai Sultang Usmaniya pada tahun 1451 M. Muhammad al-Fati monyiakkang sobanyak empak juta porajurik untuk monaklukkang Kustangtinopel. Pasukanna Muhammad al-Fati yang bortugas monaklukkang Kustangtinopel tordiri dari porajurik pojalang kaki, porajurik ponunggang kuda dang porajurik polayar kapal. Pongopungang Kota Kustangtinopel socara bosar-bosarang dilakukang pada awal tahun 1453 M solama 50 hari molalui jalur darak dang lauk.<ref>Nurdin (November 2020). "[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Majalah_ar_risalah_Edisi_231_Nov_2020_Da/n7MHEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&pg=PA62&printsec=frontcover Muhammad Al-Fatih (Penakluk Konstantinopel)]" Majalah Ar-Risalah Volume 21 Nomor 5 (Edisi ke-231). Hlm. 62–63.</ref> Sobolum ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole Sultang Muhammad al-Fati dan pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya, Kustangtinopel saak itu morupakang ibu kota dari Kokaisarang Romawi Timur.<ref>Sewang, Anwar. (Desemberek 2015) ''[https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/1058/1/Sejarah%20Peradaban%20Islam.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Parepare: Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Parepare. Hlm. 39.</ref> Tiga minggu sotolah ponaklukang, Sultang Muhammad al-Fati mongumungkang bahwa Kustangtinopel monjadi ibu kota baru bagi Kosultanang Usmaniya monggantikang Edirne.<ref>Freely, John. (2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_al_Fatih_Sang_Penakluk_Konstant/CxywDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Konstantinopel&pg=PA72&printsec=frontcover Muhammad al-Fatih: Sang Penakluk Konstantinopel]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Tangerang Salatang: Pustaka Alvabet Hlm. 72. ISBN 978-602-6577-49-8</ref> Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel mombuak Kokaisarang Romawi Timur tidak lagi dapak momulikang kokuasaangna atas wilaya Kokaisaran Romawi Timur dang soponuhnya berakhir. Kaisar torakhir dari Kokaisarang Romawi Timur adalah Kaisar Kustangting XI yang mulai momorinta sojak tahung 1449 M hingga 1453 M.<ref>Ash-Shallabi, Ali Muhammad (2016) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Bangkit_dan_Runtuhnya_Daulah_Ayyubiyah/Vb_cDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=sejarah+Konstantinopel&pg=PA131&printsec=frontcover Bangkit dan Runtuhnya Daulah Ayyubiyah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 131.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mfp]] o0f4fbdqax7e84xtc1pn25zbet34uwp 7374256 7374254 2026-10-25T14:08:22Z JumadilM 2556400 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q16869]] 7374256 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Konstantynopol_overal_look.JPG|thumb|Ponampakang soluruh wilayana Kustangtinopel solama masa Kokaisarang Romawi Timur atau Kokaisarang Bisantiung.]] '''Kustangtinopel''' adala sobua kota yang torlotak di wilaya Turki dang sokarang wilayana monjadi Kota Istambul. Pondiriang Kustangtinopel dilakukang ole Bisas pada tahun 658 Sobolum Masihi dang pongombangangna sobagai kota bosar dang kota suci bagi umak Kerestieng dilakukang pada tahung 330 M dalang masa pomorintahang Kustangting I solaku Kaisar Romawi Timur. Kustangtinopel morupakang kota borbontuk sogi tiga soporti culana badak. Sisi sobolah utara Kustangtinopel diabatasi ole lauk Tonga dang sisi sobolah salatang dari wilayana dibatasi ole lauk Marmara. Bahasa yang digunakang ole ponduduk Kustangtinopel dan diakui ponggunaanna ole Kaisar Romawi Timur adala bahasa Lating dang bahasa Yunani. Pondidikang di Kota Kustangtinopel tolah diadakang sojak tahung 425 M dalang masa pomorintahang Kaisar Teodosius II. Sojak ahir abak kolima Masihi, agama utama yang diyakingi ole ponduduk Kustangtinopel adala Kokeristengang. Kota Kustangtinopel tolah borusaha ditaklukkang ole umak Islang sojak masa pomorintahanna Utsmang bin Affang dalang Kohalipaang Rasiding. Namung sobanyak sobolas kali usaha ponaklukang dalang 800 tahung komudiang, somuana gagal. Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole umak Islang baru borhasil pada tahun 1453 M molalui pongopungang umak Islang yang dipimping oleh Muhammad al-Fati solaku Sultang Usmaniya yang kotuju. == Lokasi, pondiriang dang pombangunang == [[File:Golden_Horn.PNG|thumb|Peta yang monampilkang wilayana Kota Kustangtinopel pada awal didirikang oleh Bisas (mera tua), diporluas ole Kaisar Kustangting (abu-abu golap) dang porluasang ole Kaisar Teodosius II (abu-abu torang).]] Lokasian Kustangtinopel torlotak di antara Eropa dang Asia Kocil. Solaing itu, posisina Kustangtinopel borada di antarana lauk Tonga dang laut Hitang.<ref>Butler, Rupert (2016) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pertempuran_Terbesar_Sepanjang_Sejarah/hVFwDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=sejarah+Konstantinopel&pg=PA187&printsec=frontcover Pertempuran Terbesar Sepanjang Sejarah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Jakarta: PT Penerbit Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 187.</ref> Kustangtinopel didirikang sobagai kota sojak tahung 658 Sobolum Masihi oleh seorang bernama Bisas. Pada awal pondirianna, Kustangtinopel dinamai Bisantiung. Pada tahung 324 Masihi, Kaisar Kustanting I momindakang ibu kota Kokaisarang Romawi Timur ke Bisantiung.<ref>Salam, A., dkk. (2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sastra_Rempah/5NhVEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kapan+Konstantinopel+dibangun&pg=PA764&printsec=frontcover Sastra Rempah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Salemang: PT Kanisius. Hlm. 764.</ref> Komudiang pada tahung 330 M dalang masa pomorintahang Kustangting I solaku Kaisar Romawi Timur, Bisantiung diporluas dan dibangungi borbagai bangunang dang komudiang diganti namana mongikuti ponamaan dari Kaisar Kustangting solaku pondirina. Nama baru kota Bisantiung yaitu Kustangtinopel. Korana itu pula, Kokaisarang Romawi Tiimur dikonal sobagai Kokaisarang Bisantiung.<ref name=":0">Pramugianto, Adi Taufik. (2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Tujuh_Mualaf_yang_Mengharumkan_Islam/nH_sCgAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kapan+Konstantinopel+dibangun&pg=PA59&printsec=frontcover Tujuh Mualaf yang Mengharumkan Islam: The Glory of Islam]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Jakarta Salatang: Noura Books. Hlm. 59. ISBN 978-602-0989-38-9</ref> Pondiriang Kustangtinopel ole Kustangting I borkaitang dongang dukunganna torhadak ponyobarang dang porkombang agama yaitu Kokeristengang. Pada masa Kustangting I, Kustantgtinopel dibangung sobagai pusak porkombangang ajarang agama Kokeristengang sohingga monjadi kota suci bagi umak Keristeng. Solaing itu, Kustangtinopel juga monjadi pusak pomorintahang bagi Kokaisarang Romawi Timur yang wilaya kokuasaanna moncakuk kawasang di sokitar Kustangtinopel.<ref>Ar Rasyiid, Muhammad Hafiidh (2024) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_Al_Fatih/cOUTEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=agama+Konstantinopel&pg=PA86&printsec=frontcover ''Muhammad Al-Fatih: Kisah Sang Pemimpin dari Kesultanan Utsmaniyah''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia)''. Anak Hebat Indonesia''. Hlm. 86. </ref> Porluasang Kota Kustangtinopel dilakukang lagi ole Kaisar Teodosius II sojak tahung 425 M untuk mombangun puluhang sekola.<ref name=":1">Arifianto, Adityas (2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Eropa_Zaman_Renaisans/rKEJEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Pembangunan+Konstantinopel&pg=PA77&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Eropa Zaman Renaisans: Kebangkitan Negara-Negara di Eropa, Peralihan ke Logika Ilmiah, Humanisme, dan Konstitusi Negara Modern]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 77.</ref> Pada tahung 1261 M, di dalang Kustangtinopel diadakang pombangunang borbagai jonis bangunang socara bosar-bosarang.<ref name=":1" /> == Bontuk dang kondisi porbatasang == Kustangtinopel morupakang kota borbontuk sogi tiga. Bontuk sogi tiga na miripki dengang culana badak dengang acungang ke arah timur. Sisi sobolah utara dang salatang dari wilayana Kustangtinopel dibatasi ole lauk. Di bagiang utara, Kustangtinopel dibatasi ole laut Tonga yang mongara ke Dardanella. Sodangkang di bagiang salatang, Kustangtinopel dibatasi ole lauk Marmara. Bagiang utarana Kustangtinopel tordapak sobuah toluk bornama toluk Tanduk Emas. Soluruh porbatasang kota yang langsung monghadak ke lauk dibangungi tembok tobal sohingga kota Kustangtinopel monjadi kota benteng.<ref>Crowley, Roger. (Apirilik 2011) ''[https://www.silades.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/1453-Detik-detik-jatuhnya-Konstantinopel-ke-tangan-muslim.pdf 1453: Detik-detik Jatuhnya Konstantinopel ke Tangan Muslim]''. Diuba-sosuaikang ole Husnil, Muhammad. [1453: The Holy War for Constantinople and the Clash of Islam and th West] (dalang bahasa Inggirisi). Ditorjomahkang ole Muzir, Ridwan. Jakarta: Pustaka Alvabet. Hlm. 1-2. ISBN 978-979-3064-99-4</ref> == Kohidupang ponduduk == === Bahasa dang agama === Bahasa yang digunakang ole ponduduk Kustangtinopel dan diakui ponggunaanna ole Kaisar Romawi Timur adala bahasa Lating dang bahasa Yunani. Namung bahasa Lating hanya digunakang solama boborapa abak portama sojak pondiriang Kustangtinopel. Sojak ahir abak ke-5 Masehi, agama utama yang diyakingi ole ponduduk Kustangtinopel adala Kokeristengang. Sotolah itu, bahasa Yunani monjadi bahasa yang paling umung digunakang korana ponulisang Porjanjiang Baru yang morupakang sumber ajarang Kokeristengang monggunakang bahasa Yunani. Ponggunaang bahasa Lating komudiang hanya digunakang oleh para polajar tordidik di Kustangtinopel yang mompolajari pongotahuang tontang bahasa Lating dang kobudayaang Lating.<ref>Fuller, Graham E. (2010) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Apa_Jadinya_Dunia_Tanpa_Islam/THliCwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Luas+Konstantinopel&pg=PA86&printsec=frontcover Apa Jadinya Dunia Tanpa Islam?]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bandung: Mizan Publishing. Hlm. 86.</ref> === Pondidikang === Pondidikang di Kota Kustangtinopel tolah diadakang sojak tahung 425 M dalang masa pomorintahang Kaisar Teodosius II. Sobanyak 31 sekola dibangung ole Kaisar Teodosius II yang masing-masing mongajarkang tontang satu jonis polajarang. Mata polajarang utama yang diajarkang dalang sekola-sekola yang dibangung ole aisar Teodosius III yaitu hukung, kodokterang, porhitungang, ilmu bangung ruang, ilmu porbintangang, musik, dang ilmu borbicara di depang umung. Sobanyak 15 sekolah momborikang pondidikang dalang bahasa Lating dan sobanya 16 sekolah momborikang pondidikang dalang bahasa Yunani.<ref name=":1" /> == Ponaklukang ole umak Islang == [[File:Empire-byzantin-1450.svg|thumb|Kokaisarang Romawi Timur (mera) pada tahung 1450 M dengang Kustangtinopel (lingkarang puti) sobagai pusakna.]] Koboradaang Kota Kustangtinopel pada abak portongahang dianggak ole umak Islang sobagai ponghambak torsobarna ajarang Islang di bonua Eropa. Korana itu, umak Islang borusaha untuk monaklukkang Kustangtinopel agar dapak momporluas ponyobarang agama Islang di Eropa.<ref>Ash-Shallabi, Ali Muhammad (2002) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Bangkit_dan_Runtuhnya_Khilafah_Utsmaniya/d7_cDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Konstantinopel+Islam&pg=PA139&printsec=frontcover Bangkit dan Runtuhnya Khilafah Utsmaniyah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 139. </ref> Kota Kustangtinopel tolah borusaha ditaklukkang ole umak Islang sojak masa pomorintahanna Utsmang bin Affang dalang Kohalipaang Rasiding.<ref>Wijdan S. Z., A. (2007) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pemikiran_peradaban_Islam/zbDXAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Pemikiran dan Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Salemang: Pusat Studi Islam, Universitas Islam Indonesia. Hlm. 28.</ref> Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole umak Islang morupakang usaha untuk mombuktikang nubuak Muhammad sobagai nabi dalang Islang yang monyatakang bahwa Kustangtinopel akang dikuasai ole ummak Islang.<ref name=":2">Al-Munyawi, Ramzi (2012) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_Al_Fatih/fevbDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Muhammad Al-Fatih: Penakluk Konstantinopel]''. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-979-592-601-6.</ref> Pornyataan bahwa Kustangtinopel akang ditaklukkang ole umak Islang dinyatakang ole Muhammad pada saak borlangsungnya Porang Handak.<ref name=":0" /> Sojak 800 tahung komudiang sojak masa konabiang Muhammad monuruk koyakinang ummak Islang, tolah dilakukang sobanyak sobolas kali usaha ponaklukkang torhadak Kustangtinopel. Namun usaha torsobuk somuana gagal.<ref name=":2" /> Usaha ponaklukang torakhir yang mongalami kogagalang yaitu ponaklukang ole Sultang Sultang Murad II dalang masa Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref>Aizid, Rizem. (2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Para_Panglima_Perang_Islam/R6ZxEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&pg=PA333&printsec=frontcover Para Panglima Perang Islam]''. Diuba-sosuaikang ole Rusdianto. Yogoyakarta: Saufa. Hlm. 333. ISBN 978-602-7695-69-6</ref> [[File:Siege_of_Constantinople_1453_map-en.svg|thumb|Peta yang monampikang posisi pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya (hijo) yang mongopung Kustangtinopel dang pasukang Kota Kustangtinopel (mera) yang borusaha momportahangkang Kustangtinopel pada tahun 1453 M.]] Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole umak Islang baru borhasil pada tahun 1453 M molalui pongopungang umak Islang yang dipimping oleh Muhammad al-Fati solaku Sultang Usmaniya kotuju.<ref>Al-Hajj Ahmad, Yusuf. (2020) ''Mukjizat Al-Qur’an yang Tak Terbantahkan'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). [Al-Mu’jizah Al-Qur’aniyyah ‘ala Al-Mu’jizah Al-Hissiyyah] Ditorjomakang ole Zulhamid dang Miranda, Putri Aria. Jakarta: Aqwam. Hlm. 63. Hlm. 63. ISBN 978-979-039-368-4.</ref> Muhammad al-Fati tolah moroncanakang ponaklukan Kustangtinopel kotika dirina baru-barusang monjabak sobagai Sultang Usmaniya pada tahun 1451 M. Muhammad al-Fati monyiakkang sobanyak empak juta porajurik untuk monaklukkang Kustangtinopel. Pasukanna Muhammad al-Fati yang bortugas monaklukkang Kustangtinopel tordiri dari porajurik pojalang kaki, porajurik ponunggang kuda dang porajurik polayar kapal. Pongopungang Kota Kustangtinopel socara bosar-bosarang dilakukang pada awal tahun 1453 M solama 50 hari molalui jalur darak dang lauk.<ref>Nurdin (November 2020). "[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Majalah_ar_risalah_Edisi_231_Nov_2020_Da/n7MHEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&pg=PA62&printsec=frontcover Muhammad Al-Fatih (Penakluk Konstantinopel)]" Majalah Ar-Risalah Volume 21 Nomor 5 (Edisi ke-231). Hlm. 62–63.</ref> Sobolum ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole Sultang Muhammad al-Fati dan pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya, Kustangtinopel saak itu morupakang ibu kota dari Kokaisarang Romawi Timur.<ref>Sewang, Anwar. (Desemberek 2015) ''[https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/1058/1/Sejarah%20Peradaban%20Islam.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Parepare: Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Parepare. Hlm. 39.</ref> Tiga minggu sotolah ponaklukang, Sultang Muhammad al-Fati mongumungkang bahwa Kustangtinopel monjadi ibu kota baru bagi Kosultanang Usmaniya monggantikang Edirne.<ref>Freely, John. (2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_al_Fatih_Sang_Penakluk_Konstant/CxywDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Konstantinopel&pg=PA72&printsec=frontcover Muhammad al-Fatih: Sang Penakluk Konstantinopel]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Tangerang Salatang: Pustaka Alvabet Hlm. 72. ISBN 978-602-6577-49-8</ref> Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel mombuak Kokaisarang Romawi Timur tidak lagi dapak momulikang kokuasaangna atas wilaya Kokaisaran Romawi Timur dang soponuhnya berakhir. Kaisar torakhir dari Kokaisarang Romawi Timur adalah Kaisar Kustangting XI yang mulai momorinta sojak tahung 1449 M hingga 1453 M.<ref>Ash-Shallabi, Ali Muhammad (2016) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Bangkit_dan_Runtuhnya_Daulah_Ayyubiyah/Vb_cDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=sejarah+Konstantinopel&pg=PA131&printsec=frontcover Bangkit dan Runtuhnya Daulah Ayyubiyah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 131.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mfp]] {{INTERWIKI|Q16869}} cwo9bs9ogefuecjbzdnasaleb5ahbfu 0 3827256 7374255 2026-10-25T14:07:23Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/قازان یارادیلیر 7374255 wikitext text/x-wiki ==قازان== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #قازان← بیگ قاب یئیه‌جک پیشیرماقی‌چی. #:سال قازانا پیشسی! {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/pot|pot]] * تورکییه : قازان * عربجه : * فارسجا: دیگ * باهار دیلی: قازان {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[Category:Wt/azb/باهار دیله]] [[En:pot]] [[Fa:دیگ]] tjxgvu1dmd5m3n521bckq8d6mvv44o7 7374262 7374255 2026-10-25T14:12:28Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/قازان دییشدیریلیر 7374262 wikitext text/x-wiki ==قازان== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #قازان← بیگ قاب یئیه‌جک پیشیرماقی‌چی. #:سال قازانا پیشسی! #قازان← علهَ گتیرَن، قازانان. #قازان← چیقاردان، پالتار چیقاردان. {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/pot|pot]] * تورکییه : قازان * عربجه : * فارسجا: دیگ * باهار دیلی: قازان {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[Category:Wt/azb/باهار دیله]] [[En:pot]] [[Fa:دیگ]] ek5x39ai3i2hsh0x861i4ar0uy7zvkw 0 3827257 7374258 2026-10-25T14:09:28Z JumadilM 2556400 mombuak halamang baru 7374258 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tongkonan,_Toraja_houses.jpg|thumb|Sajumalla tongkonang.]] '''Tongkonang''' adala ruma adak yang dibangung ole suku Toraja sabagai tompak mongadakang acara adak bagi tiak koluarga yang masi monganuk koyakinang Aluk Todolo. Bontukna tongkonang mirik soporti parahu yang torbalik dengang bagiang atak mirik soporti tanduk. Pombangunang tongkonan umunna dilakukang ole pondiri silasila dalang suatu koluarga dari suku Toraja dang kapamilikanna borsiak kapamilikang borsama di antara ahli warisna loluhur. Kogunaang utama dari tongkonang yaitu sabagai ruma adak sokaligus tompak tinggal bagi satu koluarga. Kapamilikang torhadak suatu tongkonang borsipak kapamilikang borsama untuk somua anggotana satu koluarga dalang masarakak yang torbontuk ole suku Toraja. Ponggunaang umung tongkonang ole suku Toraja yaitu sabagai tompak duduk untuk mandangar, mombicarakang sokaligus monyolosaikang masaala-masaala ponting yang torjadi dalang koluarga. Tongkonang tola monjadi sala satu lokawisata has suku Toraja di kawasang Tana Toraja. Sala satu desa yang monjadikang tongkonang sabagai lokawisatana yaitu sobua desa adak bornama Ke’te’ Kesu’ yang momiliki tongkonang yang tola borusia sokuranna 300 tahung. == Konsek dang ponamaang == Koboradaang konsek mongonai tongkonang morupakan bagiang dari koyakinang lokal asli dari suku Toraja yang disobuk Aluk Todolo. Tongkonang morupakang ponamaang dari bahasa Toraja yaitu ''tongkonan''. Kata dasarna ''tongkonan'' dalang bahasa Toraja adala ''tongkon'' yang borarti ''duduk''.<ref name=":2">Inigopatria, S., dang Buyung, P. (2014). "Tongkonan Toraja: Tongkonan, Sentral Kehidupan Toraja" dalam ''Indonesia dalam Infografik'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Aziz, Nasru Alam. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. hlm. 12. ISBN 978-979-709-841-4.</ref> Pongortiang ''duduk'' dalang kata ''tongkon'' adala duduk borsama dalang waktu yang lama.<ref>Pabubung, M. R., dang Sulo, RD. Yans (2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Imam_Katolik_di_Ranah_Publik/3HH8EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=tongkonan&pg=PA401&printsec=frontcover Imam Katolik di Ranah Publik Volume 4]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole PT Kanisius. Hlm. 401. ISBN 978-979-21-7906-4.</ref> Kobaradaang tongkonang sabagai ruma dianggak sabagai tompak duduk dalang alang somosta yang diyakingi dalang Aluk Todolo ole anggotana suku Toraja yang masi moyakingina. Suatu ruma baru dapak disobuk ''tongkonang'' kotika tola ditompati sadikikna sobanyak tiga tingkak ganarasi.<ref name=":2" /> == Model dang pombangunang == [[File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Model_van_een_Toraja_huis_TMnr_4117-1.jpg|thumb|Bontukna tongkonang.]] Bontukna tongkonang mirik soporti parahu yang torbalik dengang bagiang atak mirik soporti tanduk.<ref>Hidayati, Noor (Desember 2021). ''[https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/28840/1/B%20139.%20Siap%20Revisi%20Express.%20Noor%20Hidayati%2C%20S.Pd.%2C%20M.Pd.%20-Keberagaman%20Budaya%20dan%20Tradisi%20Indonesia.pdf Keberagaman Budaya dan Tradisi Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Umaya, Y., dang Khairiyyah, M. Kota Malang: Ahlimedia Press. Hlm. 366. ISBN 978-623-413-016-4.</ref> Bangunang utamana tongkonang borbontuk sogi ampak yang molambangkang ampak aturang dasar dalang kohidupang manusia yaitu kolahirang, kohidupang, ponyombahang torhadak dewa, dang komatiang.<ref name=":3">Aminah, Mia Siti (2011). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengenal_Rumah_Adat_Nusantara/b8TIEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=tongkonan&pg=PA102&printsec=frontcover Mengenal Rumah Adat Nusantara (33 Provinsi)]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Ika, Shabira. Yogoyakarta: Cakrawala. Hlm. 101. ISBN 978-979-383-133-6.</ref> Bagiang bangunanna tongkonang torbagi monjadi tiga tingkak yaitu tingkak atas, tingkak tonga dang tingkak tingkak bawa. Bangunang tingkak atas disobuk ''rattiang banua'', bangunan tingkak tonga disobuk ''kale banua'', dang bangunang tingkak bawa disobuk ''sullu banua''. Solaing itu, bagiang bangunanna tongkonang torbagi monjadi tiga posisi yaitu bangunang bagiang depang, bangunang bagiang tonga dang bangunang bagiang bolakang. Bangunang bagiang deang disobuk ''tangdo'' dan mowakili ara utara. Bangunang bagiang tonga disobuk ''sali''. Sadangkang bagiang bolakang disobuk ''sumbung'' dang mowakili ara salatang.<ref name=":3" /> Pombangunang tongkonang solalu dilakukang dengang posisi mombujur ke ara utara dang salatang. Lotak pintu masukna solalu dibangung ke ara utara. Bangunang tongkonang momiliki jandela. Pada tongkonang tordapak balok-balok kayu yang disusung di bagiang utara dang timur untuk balok utamana. Sadangkang ujung-ujung balok dilotakkang di bagiang salatang atau utara.<ref>Nugroho, Fajar (2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kebudayaan_Masyarakat_Toraja/4LLqDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=tongkonan&pg=PA16&printsec=frontcover Kebudayaan Masyarakat Toraja]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Masita, Retna. Surabaya: JPBOOKS. Hlm. 16. ISBN 978-602-206-055-0.</ref> Pombangunang tongkonang solalu pada posisi monghadak ke lumbung padi yang disobuk ''alang sura'' dalang bahasa Toraja.<ref name=":0">Patarai, M. I., Ibrahim, S., dang Tasbih, I. (Juni 2021). ''[http://eprints2.ipdn.ac.id/id/eprint/405/1/BUKU%20TORAJA%20IMPLIKASI%20BUDAYA%20DALAM%20PEMEKARAN%20DAERAH.pdf Toraja: Implikasi Budaya dalam Pemekaran Daerah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Makassar: Penerbit De La Macca. Hlm. 35–36. ISBN 978-602-263-190-3.</ref> Tongkonang dalang masarakak dari suku Toraja molambangkang seorang mamak dang alang sura molambangkang seorang bapak.<ref>Tela, Nengah (2019). ''[https://repo.bunghatta.ac.id/13140/1/1.%20Buku%20Konsep%20Manajemen%20Warisan%20Budaya.pdf Konsep Manajemen Warisan Budaya untuk Pariwisata]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Tela, N., dang Couto, N. Padang: Penerbit LPPM UBH Padang. Hlm. 45.</ref> Posisina tongkonang torhadak alang sura adalah saling borhadapang. Pombangunang tongkonang umunna monghadak ke ara salatang dan ''alang sura'' di depanna dibangung monghadak ke ara utara. Posisi saling monghadak dang borara borlawanang molambangkang hubungang antara suami dang istirina.<ref name=":0" /> Pombangunang tongkonan umunna dilakukang ole pondiri silasila dalang suatu koluarga dari suku Toraja.<ref>Rinoza, R., dang Buamona, R. (Apiril 2019). ''[https://sajogyo-institute.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2020_Rinoza-dan-Buamona_Bumi-dan-Manusia-Mamasa.pdf Bumi dan Manusia Mamasa: Sebuah Ihwal tentang Perubahan Sosial-Ekologi di Dataran Tinggi Sulawesi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Saluang, Surya. Yogoyakarta: Tim Kaji Tindak Malabar 22, Tanah Air Beta, dang Sajogyo Institute. Hlm. 87. ISBN 978-623-90080-2-4.</ref> Pada abak ke-17 Masehi, tongkonang dibangung monggunakang boborapa jonis poralatang sodorhana. Boborapa di antarana yaitu parang, pahak, kapak, beliung dang porkakas lainna.<ref>Koesmartadi, Christophorus (2022). ''[https://repository.unika.ac.id/29070/1/BENDEL%20UNTUK%20REPOSITORY.pdf Struktur dan Konstruksi Arsitektur Nusantara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole Sanglima Indonesia. Hlm. xii.</ref> Pombangunang tongkonang biasana dibuak socara borbaris satu sama laing.<ref>Octaria N., Abrillianty (). ‘‘[https://multisite.itb.ac.id/p2par/wp-content/uploads/sites/114/2021/04/15.-maret2007.pdf Kuliner dari Tanah Kerajaan Surga]’’. Warta Pariwisata Polume 9 Nomor 1. Hlm. 15. Ditorbikkang di Kota Bandung ole Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kepariwisataan (P-P2Par) - Institut Teknologi Bandung. ISSN 1410-7112.</ref> == Ponggunaang == Bagi suku Toraja, tongkonang monjadi lambang porsokutuang yang borsipak kokoluargaang.<ref>Latuihamallo, P. D. (2002). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Berakar_di_dalam_Dia_dan_dibangun_di_ata/v-hkKGphdn8C?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=tongkonan&pg=PA169&printsec=frontcover Berakar di dalam Dia dan dibangun di atas Dia: 80 Tahun Prof. Dr. P.D. Latuihamallo]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Borrong, Robert P. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hlm. 169. ISBN 979-415-534-9.</ref> Kogunaang utama dari tongkonang yaitu sabagai ruma adak sokaligus tompak tinggal bagi satu koluarga. Somua kogiatang adak dalang sotiak kumpulang koluarga diadakang dalang tongkonanna masing-masing.<ref name=":1">Bahrum, S., dang isungan, J. S. (2009). ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/8297/1/BANGUNAN%20SOSIAL%20TONGKONAN.pdf Bangunan Sosial Tongkonan: Sebuah Kajian Terhadap Organisasi Sosial Tradisional di Tana Toraja]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Rudito, Bambang. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Nilai Budaya, Seni dan Film. Hlm. 53–54. ISBN 978-602-8099-18-9.</ref> Ponggunaang umung tongkonang ole suku Toraja yaitu sabagai tompak duduk untuk mandangar, mombicarakang sokaligus monyolosaikang masaala-masaala ponting yang torjadi dalang koluarga. Kogiatang mandangar, mombicarakang sokaligus monyolosaikang masaala-masaala ponting di dalang suatu tongkonang hanya diikuti ole koluarga yang borasal dari koturunang yang sama dang morupakang powaris kapamilikang tongkonang yang digunakang.<ref>Nuryani (2015). ''[https://repositori.uin-alauddin.ac.id/12175/1/Pola%20hubungan%20lintas%20agama%20di%20Tana%20Toraja.pdf Pola Hubungan Lintas Agama di Tana Toraja]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Bulu’. Makassar: Alauddin University Press. Hlm. 11. ISBN 978-602-328-087-2.</ref> Ponggunaang tongkonang juga sabagai tompak untuk monyimpang harta.<ref>Halim, Abdul (Januari 2020). ''[http://repository.uinsa.ac.id/id/eprint/963/1/Abdul%20Halim_Islam%20Lokalitas%20Dan%20Kebhinekaan.pdf Islam, Lokalitas dan Kebhinekaan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Firdausi, Ahmad. Yogoyakarta: Dialektika. Hlm. 343. ISBN 978-602-5841-30-9.</ref> == Kapamilikang == Kapamilikang torhadak suatu tongkonang borsipak kapamilikang borsama untuk somua anggotana satu koluarga dalang masarakak yang torbontuk ole suku Toraja.<ref name=":1" /> Tongkonang borkodudukang sabagai warisang dari loluhur yang ahal warisna tidak bisa hanya satu orang.<ref>Tuken, Ritha (Juli 2020). ''[https://eprints.unm.ac.id/19019/1/buku.pdf Pembagian Harta Warisan Berdasarkan Hukum Adat Toraja]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Pasinggi, Yonathan Saba. Gowa: Agma. Hlm. 42. ISBN 978-623-92321-9-1.</ref> Kapamilikang borsama mombuak tongkonang tidak dapak ditinggali ole anggota koluarga manapung tampa molalui musawara koluarga. Tompak tinggal totak bagi anggota koluarga disobuk ruma biasa yang barbeda dari tongkonang.<ref name=":1" /> Somontara itu, lahang yang tordapak di sakitar tiak tongkonang umunna tola dimiliki ole pombuak tongkonan yang portama sahingga diwariskang sabagai tana ulayak bagi kolaurga yang monjadi powaris tongkonang.<ref>Suwondo, B., dkk. (Mei 1983) ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/7503/1/POLA%20PEMUKIMAN%20PEDESAAN%20DAERAH%20SULAWESI%20SELATAN.pdf Pola Pemukiman Pedesaan Daerah Sulawesi Selatan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Direktorak Janeralak Kabudayaang. Hlm. 77.</ref> == Kabudayaang dang pariwisata == Koboradaang tongkonang monjadi sala satu hasil poradabang kabudayaang di wilaya Sulawesi Salatang.<ref>Rustiyanti, Sri (Januari 2016). ‘‘Makna Yang Tersirat & Tersurat dalam Visualisasi Bangunan Rumah Gadang di Minangkabau’’ dalang ''[https://repositori.uin-alauddin.ac.id/12487/1/usu.pdf Kearifan Lokal dalam Arsitek dan Lingkungan Binaan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Sembiring, N. W., dkk. Ditorbikkang ole Program Studi Magister Teknik Arsitektur USU. Hlm. 550. ISBN 978-602-73691-0-8.</ref> Tongkonang tola monjadi sala satu lokawisata has suku Toraja di kawasang Tana Toraja.<ref>Tiku, Vaydel Dondan Bara’ (2021) ''[https://repository.unida.ac.id/3115/2/B5-Buku%20Modul%20Nusantara%20Cetak%20ISBN_removed.pdf Pertemuan Sementara, Bermakna Selamanya: Cerita Mahasiswa Modul Nusantara Universitas Djuanda Bogor]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Purnomo, Agustina M. Hlm. 23. ISBN 978-602-6585-90-5.</ref> Koboradaang tongkonang monjadi sala satu wisata budaya has Indonesia dari wilaya Sulawesi Salatang.<ref>Darmayasa, dkk. (Oktober 2024) ''[https://lib.atim.ac.id/uploaded_files/temporary/DigitalCollection/NDZmZGQ5Y2NiMDFkMGRmMmNhZDU1ZTBjYjZiMmQ4OTBlYmMyZDgxZg==.pdf Indonesia Tourism]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Efitra. Kota Jambi: PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia. Hlm. 15. ISBN 978-623-514-256-2.</ref><ref>Mufidah, N., dkk. () ‘‘Kearifan Lokal sebagai Cermin Budaya Bangsa’’ dalam ''[https://repository.iainponorogo.ac.id/889/1/eBook_bookchapter_IPS.pdf Dinamika Pendidikan Sosial Kontemporer: Dari Multikulturalisme hingga Problematika Pembumian Nilai Local Wisdom di Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole umaisii M. S., dkk. Ponorogo: Mahasiswa Jurusan Tadris Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan (FATIK) Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo. Hlm. 96. ISBN 978-623-98901-7-9.</ref> Sala satu desa yang monjadikang tongkonang sabagai lokawisatana yaitu sobua desa adak bornama Ke’te’ Kesu’. Tongkonang yang dibangun di Ke’te’ Kesu’ ada yang tola borusia sokuranna 300 tahung.<ref>Edison,PE., dkk. (Peberuari 2024). ''[https://repository.stiepar.ac.id/file/bahan/1247036941.pdf Potensi Desa Wisata dan Aspek Pendukung Pesona Desa Wisata Ciburial]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Karini, R.S.R.A., dang Muttaqien, R.R. Kabupateng Malang: Edulitera. lm. 22. ISBN 978-623-485-217-2.</ref> == Hiasang == === Tanduk karabau === [[File:Tongkonan1.jpg|thumb|Tanduk karabau di tiang depanna tongkonang.]] Hiasang borupa tanduk karabau tordapak pada tiang bagiang depanna tongkonang. Tanduk karabau dipasang socara monjulang di bagiang depang tongkonang sabagai lambang kodudukang sosial dan kamewahang dari kaluaga pamilik tongkonang. Somaking banyak tanduk karabau yang torpasang di tiang bagiang depanna tongkonang monjadikang kodudukang pamilik tongkonang somaking tinggi di hadapang masarakak adak suku Toraja.<ref>Kamantariang Pandidikang dang Kabudayaan Republik Indonesia (2017). ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/31580/1/ARSITEKTUR%20BANGUNAN%20TRADISIONAL%202017.pdf Arsitektur (Bangunan) Tradisional]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Kamantariang Pandidikang dang Kabudayaan Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 8. ISBN</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> t93s7nkjobv6ond9i8nir3j4h3k1y8h 7374259 7374258 2026-10-25T14:10:21Z JumadilM 2556400 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q3531550]] 7374259 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tongkonan,_Toraja_houses.jpg|thumb|Sajumalla tongkonang.]] '''Tongkonang''' adala ruma adak yang dibangung ole suku Toraja sabagai tompak mongadakang acara adak bagi tiak koluarga yang masi monganuk koyakinang Aluk Todolo. Bontukna tongkonang mirik soporti parahu yang torbalik dengang bagiang atak mirik soporti tanduk. Pombangunang tongkonan umunna dilakukang ole pondiri silasila dalang suatu koluarga dari suku Toraja dang kapamilikanna borsiak kapamilikang borsama di antara ahli warisna loluhur. Kogunaang utama dari tongkonang yaitu sabagai ruma adak sokaligus tompak tinggal bagi satu koluarga. Kapamilikang torhadak suatu tongkonang borsipak kapamilikang borsama untuk somua anggotana satu koluarga dalang masarakak yang torbontuk ole suku Toraja. Ponggunaang umung tongkonang ole suku Toraja yaitu sabagai tompak duduk untuk mandangar, mombicarakang sokaligus monyolosaikang masaala-masaala ponting yang torjadi dalang koluarga. Tongkonang tola monjadi sala satu lokawisata has suku Toraja di kawasang Tana Toraja. Sala satu desa yang monjadikang tongkonang sabagai lokawisatana yaitu sobua desa adak bornama Ke’te’ Kesu’ yang momiliki tongkonang yang tola borusia sokuranna 300 tahung. == Konsek dang ponamaang == Koboradaang konsek mongonai tongkonang morupakan bagiang dari koyakinang lokal asli dari suku Toraja yang disobuk Aluk Todolo. Tongkonang morupakang ponamaang dari bahasa Toraja yaitu ''tongkonan''. Kata dasarna ''tongkonan'' dalang bahasa Toraja adala ''tongkon'' yang borarti ''duduk''.<ref name=":2">Inigopatria, S., dang Buyung, P. (2014). "Tongkonan Toraja: Tongkonan, Sentral Kehidupan Toraja" dalam ''Indonesia dalam Infografik'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Aziz, Nasru Alam. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. hlm. 12. ISBN 978-979-709-841-4.</ref> Pongortiang ''duduk'' dalang kata ''tongkon'' adala duduk borsama dalang waktu yang lama.<ref>Pabubung, M. R., dang Sulo, RD. Yans (2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Imam_Katolik_di_Ranah_Publik/3HH8EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=tongkonan&pg=PA401&printsec=frontcover Imam Katolik di Ranah Publik Volume 4]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole PT Kanisius. Hlm. 401. ISBN 978-979-21-7906-4.</ref> Kobaradaang tongkonang sabagai ruma dianggak sabagai tompak duduk dalang alang somosta yang diyakingi dalang Aluk Todolo ole anggotana suku Toraja yang masi moyakingina. Suatu ruma baru dapak disobuk ''tongkonang'' kotika tola ditompati sadikikna sobanyak tiga tingkak ganarasi.<ref name=":2" /> == Model dang pombangunang == [[File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Model_van_een_Toraja_huis_TMnr_4117-1.jpg|thumb|Bontukna tongkonang.]] Bontukna tongkonang mirik soporti parahu yang torbalik dengang bagiang atak mirik soporti tanduk.<ref>Hidayati, Noor (Desember 2021). ''[https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/28840/1/B%20139.%20Siap%20Revisi%20Express.%20Noor%20Hidayati%2C%20S.Pd.%2C%20M.Pd.%20-Keberagaman%20Budaya%20dan%20Tradisi%20Indonesia.pdf Keberagaman Budaya dan Tradisi Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Umaya, Y., dang Khairiyyah, M. Kota Malang: Ahlimedia Press. Hlm. 366. ISBN 978-623-413-016-4.</ref> Bangunang utamana tongkonang borbontuk sogi ampak yang molambangkang ampak aturang dasar dalang kohidupang manusia yaitu kolahirang, kohidupang, ponyombahang torhadak dewa, dang komatiang.<ref name=":3">Aminah, Mia Siti (2011). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengenal_Rumah_Adat_Nusantara/b8TIEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=tongkonan&pg=PA102&printsec=frontcover Mengenal Rumah Adat Nusantara (33 Provinsi)]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Ika, Shabira. Yogoyakarta: Cakrawala. Hlm. 101. ISBN 978-979-383-133-6.</ref> Bagiang bangunanna tongkonang torbagi monjadi tiga tingkak yaitu tingkak atas, tingkak tonga dang tingkak tingkak bawa. Bangunang tingkak atas disobuk ''rattiang banua'', bangunan tingkak tonga disobuk ''kale banua'', dang bangunang tingkak bawa disobuk ''sullu banua''. Solaing itu, bagiang bangunanna tongkonang torbagi monjadi tiga posisi yaitu bangunang bagiang depang, bangunang bagiang tonga dang bangunang bagiang bolakang. Bangunang bagiang deang disobuk ''tangdo'' dan mowakili ara utara. Bangunang bagiang tonga disobuk ''sali''. Sadangkang bagiang bolakang disobuk ''sumbung'' dang mowakili ara salatang.<ref name=":3" /> Pombangunang tongkonang solalu dilakukang dengang posisi mombujur ke ara utara dang salatang. Lotak pintu masukna solalu dibangung ke ara utara. Bangunang tongkonang momiliki jandela. Pada tongkonang tordapak balok-balok kayu yang disusung di bagiang utara dang timur untuk balok utamana. Sadangkang ujung-ujung balok dilotakkang di bagiang salatang atau utara.<ref>Nugroho, Fajar (2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kebudayaan_Masyarakat_Toraja/4LLqDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=tongkonan&pg=PA16&printsec=frontcover Kebudayaan Masyarakat Toraja]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Masita, Retna. Surabaya: JPBOOKS. Hlm. 16. ISBN 978-602-206-055-0.</ref> Pombangunang tongkonang solalu pada posisi monghadak ke lumbung padi yang disobuk ''alang sura'' dalang bahasa Toraja.<ref name=":0">Patarai, M. I., Ibrahim, S., dang Tasbih, I. (Juni 2021). ''[http://eprints2.ipdn.ac.id/id/eprint/405/1/BUKU%20TORAJA%20IMPLIKASI%20BUDAYA%20DALAM%20PEMEKARAN%20DAERAH.pdf Toraja: Implikasi Budaya dalam Pemekaran Daerah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Makassar: Penerbit De La Macca. Hlm. 35–36. ISBN 978-602-263-190-3.</ref> Tongkonang dalang masarakak dari suku Toraja molambangkang seorang mamak dang alang sura molambangkang seorang bapak.<ref>Tela, Nengah (2019). ''[https://repo.bunghatta.ac.id/13140/1/1.%20Buku%20Konsep%20Manajemen%20Warisan%20Budaya.pdf Konsep Manajemen Warisan Budaya untuk Pariwisata]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Tela, N., dang Couto, N. Padang: Penerbit LPPM UBH Padang. Hlm. 45.</ref> Posisina tongkonang torhadak alang sura adalah saling borhadapang. Pombangunang tongkonang umunna monghadak ke ara salatang dan ''alang sura'' di depanna dibangung monghadak ke ara utara. Posisi saling monghadak dang borara borlawanang molambangkang hubungang antara suami dang istirina.<ref name=":0" /> Pombangunang tongkonan umunna dilakukang ole pondiri silasila dalang suatu koluarga dari suku Toraja.<ref>Rinoza, R., dang Buamona, R. (Apiril 2019). ''[https://sajogyo-institute.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2020_Rinoza-dan-Buamona_Bumi-dan-Manusia-Mamasa.pdf Bumi dan Manusia Mamasa: Sebuah Ihwal tentang Perubahan Sosial-Ekologi di Dataran Tinggi Sulawesi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Saluang, Surya. Yogoyakarta: Tim Kaji Tindak Malabar 22, Tanah Air Beta, dang Sajogyo Institute. Hlm. 87. ISBN 978-623-90080-2-4.</ref> Pada abak ke-17 Masehi, tongkonang dibangung monggunakang boborapa jonis poralatang sodorhana. Boborapa di antarana yaitu parang, pahak, kapak, beliung dang porkakas lainna.<ref>Koesmartadi, Christophorus (2022). ''[https://repository.unika.ac.id/29070/1/BENDEL%20UNTUK%20REPOSITORY.pdf Struktur dan Konstruksi Arsitektur Nusantara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole Sanglima Indonesia. Hlm. xii.</ref> Pombangunang tongkonang biasana dibuak socara borbaris satu sama laing.<ref>Octaria N., Abrillianty (). ‘‘[https://multisite.itb.ac.id/p2par/wp-content/uploads/sites/114/2021/04/15.-maret2007.pdf Kuliner dari Tanah Kerajaan Surga]’’. Warta Pariwisata Polume 9 Nomor 1. Hlm. 15. Ditorbikkang di Kota Bandung ole Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kepariwisataan (P-P2Par) - Institut Teknologi Bandung. ISSN 1410-7112.</ref> == Ponggunaang == Bagi suku Toraja, tongkonang monjadi lambang porsokutuang yang borsipak kokoluargaang.<ref>Latuihamallo, P. D. (2002). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Berakar_di_dalam_Dia_dan_dibangun_di_ata/v-hkKGphdn8C?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=tongkonan&pg=PA169&printsec=frontcover Berakar di dalam Dia dan dibangun di atas Dia: 80 Tahun Prof. Dr. P.D. Latuihamallo]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Borrong, Robert P. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hlm. 169. ISBN 979-415-534-9.</ref> Kogunaang utama dari tongkonang yaitu sabagai ruma adak sokaligus tompak tinggal bagi satu koluarga. Somua kogiatang adak dalang sotiak kumpulang koluarga diadakang dalang tongkonanna masing-masing.<ref name=":1">Bahrum, S., dang isungan, J. S. (2009). ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/8297/1/BANGUNAN%20SOSIAL%20TONGKONAN.pdf Bangunan Sosial Tongkonan: Sebuah Kajian Terhadap Organisasi Sosial Tradisional di Tana Toraja]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Rudito, Bambang. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Nilai Budaya, Seni dan Film. Hlm. 53–54. ISBN 978-602-8099-18-9.</ref> Ponggunaang umung tongkonang ole suku Toraja yaitu sabagai tompak duduk untuk mandangar, mombicarakang sokaligus monyolosaikang masaala-masaala ponting yang torjadi dalang koluarga. Kogiatang mandangar, mombicarakang sokaligus monyolosaikang masaala-masaala ponting di dalang suatu tongkonang hanya diikuti ole koluarga yang borasal dari koturunang yang sama dang morupakang powaris kapamilikang tongkonang yang digunakang.<ref>Nuryani (2015). ''[https://repositori.uin-alauddin.ac.id/12175/1/Pola%20hubungan%20lintas%20agama%20di%20Tana%20Toraja.pdf Pola Hubungan Lintas Agama di Tana Toraja]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Bulu’. Makassar: Alauddin University Press. Hlm. 11. ISBN 978-602-328-087-2.</ref> Ponggunaang tongkonang juga sabagai tompak untuk monyimpang harta.<ref>Halim, Abdul (Januari 2020). ''[http://repository.uinsa.ac.id/id/eprint/963/1/Abdul%20Halim_Islam%20Lokalitas%20Dan%20Kebhinekaan.pdf Islam, Lokalitas dan Kebhinekaan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Firdausi, Ahmad. Yogoyakarta: Dialektika. Hlm. 343. ISBN 978-602-5841-30-9.</ref> == Kapamilikang == Kapamilikang torhadak suatu tongkonang borsipak kapamilikang borsama untuk somua anggotana satu koluarga dalang masarakak yang torbontuk ole suku Toraja.<ref name=":1" /> Tongkonang borkodudukang sabagai warisang dari loluhur yang ahal warisna tidak bisa hanya satu orang.<ref>Tuken, Ritha (Juli 2020). ''[https://eprints.unm.ac.id/19019/1/buku.pdf Pembagian Harta Warisan Berdasarkan Hukum Adat Toraja]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Pasinggi, Yonathan Saba. Gowa: Agma. Hlm. 42. ISBN 978-623-92321-9-1.</ref> Kapamilikang borsama mombuak tongkonang tidak dapak ditinggali ole anggota koluarga manapung tampa molalui musawara koluarga. Tompak tinggal totak bagi anggota koluarga disobuk ruma biasa yang barbeda dari tongkonang.<ref name=":1" /> Somontara itu, lahang yang tordapak di sakitar tiak tongkonang umunna tola dimiliki ole pombuak tongkonan yang portama sahingga diwariskang sabagai tana ulayak bagi kolaurga yang monjadi powaris tongkonang.<ref>Suwondo, B., dkk. (Mei 1983) ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/7503/1/POLA%20PEMUKIMAN%20PEDESAAN%20DAERAH%20SULAWESI%20SELATAN.pdf Pola Pemukiman Pedesaan Daerah Sulawesi Selatan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Direktorak Janeralak Kabudayaang. Hlm. 77.</ref> == Kabudayaang dang pariwisata == Koboradaang tongkonang monjadi sala satu hasil poradabang kabudayaang di wilaya Sulawesi Salatang.<ref>Rustiyanti, Sri (Januari 2016). ‘‘Makna Yang Tersirat & Tersurat dalam Visualisasi Bangunan Rumah Gadang di Minangkabau’’ dalang ''[https://repositori.uin-alauddin.ac.id/12487/1/usu.pdf Kearifan Lokal dalam Arsitek dan Lingkungan Binaan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Sembiring, N. W., dkk. Ditorbikkang ole Program Studi Magister Teknik Arsitektur USU. Hlm. 550. ISBN 978-602-73691-0-8.</ref> Tongkonang tola monjadi sala satu lokawisata has suku Toraja di kawasang Tana Toraja.<ref>Tiku, Vaydel Dondan Bara’ (2021) ''[https://repository.unida.ac.id/3115/2/B5-Buku%20Modul%20Nusantara%20Cetak%20ISBN_removed.pdf Pertemuan Sementara, Bermakna Selamanya: Cerita Mahasiswa Modul Nusantara Universitas Djuanda Bogor]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Purnomo, Agustina M. Hlm. 23. ISBN 978-602-6585-90-5.</ref> Koboradaang tongkonang monjadi sala satu wisata budaya has Indonesia dari wilaya Sulawesi Salatang.<ref>Darmayasa, dkk. (Oktober 2024) ''[https://lib.atim.ac.id/uploaded_files/temporary/DigitalCollection/NDZmZGQ5Y2NiMDFkMGRmMmNhZDU1ZTBjYjZiMmQ4OTBlYmMyZDgxZg==.pdf Indonesia Tourism]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Efitra. Kota Jambi: PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia. Hlm. 15. ISBN 978-623-514-256-2.</ref><ref>Mufidah, N., dkk. () ‘‘Kearifan Lokal sebagai Cermin Budaya Bangsa’’ dalam ''[https://repository.iainponorogo.ac.id/889/1/eBook_bookchapter_IPS.pdf Dinamika Pendidikan Sosial Kontemporer: Dari Multikulturalisme hingga Problematika Pembumian Nilai Local Wisdom di Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole umaisii M. S., dkk. Ponorogo: Mahasiswa Jurusan Tadris Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan (FATIK) Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo. Hlm. 96. ISBN 978-623-98901-7-9.</ref> Sala satu desa yang monjadikang tongkonang sabagai lokawisatana yaitu sobua desa adak bornama Ke’te’ Kesu’. Tongkonang yang dibangun di Ke’te’ Kesu’ ada yang tola borusia sokuranna 300 tahung.<ref>Edison,PE., dkk. (Peberuari 2024). ''[https://repository.stiepar.ac.id/file/bahan/1247036941.pdf Potensi Desa Wisata dan Aspek Pendukung Pesona Desa Wisata Ciburial]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Karini, R.S.R.A., dang Muttaqien, R.R. Kabupateng Malang: Edulitera. lm. 22. ISBN 978-623-485-217-2.</ref> == Hiasang == === Tanduk karabau === [[File:Tongkonan1.jpg|thumb|Tanduk karabau di tiang depanna tongkonang.]] Hiasang borupa tanduk karabau tordapak pada tiang bagiang depanna tongkonang. Tanduk karabau dipasang socara monjulang di bagiang depang tongkonang sabagai lambang kodudukang sosial dan kamewahang dari kaluaga pamilik tongkonang. Somaking banyak tanduk karabau yang torpasang di tiang bagiang depanna tongkonang monjadikang kodudukang pamilik tongkonang somaking tinggi di hadapang masarakak adak suku Toraja.<ref>Kamantariang Pandidikang dang Kabudayaan Republik Indonesia (2017). ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/31580/1/ARSITEKTUR%20BANGUNAN%20TRADISIONAL%202017.pdf Arsitektur (Bangunan) Tradisional]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Kamantariang Pandidikang dang Kabudayaan Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 8. ISBN</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|Q3531550}} o9m0r8g143jw7wofcq8uuk9h0v8vxru 0 3827258 7374260 2026-10-25T14:11:32Z JumadilM 2556400 mombuak halamang baru 7374260 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jasira Arab''' adalah sobua jasira di bagiang barakna bonua [[Wp/mfp/Asia|Asia]]. Ikling di Jasira Arab amak bambang dang tormasuk yang paling bambang di pormukaanna Bumi. Ponduduk aslina Jasira Arab adala bangsa Arab. Kawasanna Jasira Arab ditinggali ole bangsa Arab dari dua kolompok bosar yaitu Kataniyung dan Adenaniyung. Poradabang kolok asli yang porna borkombang di kawasang Jasira Arab adala poradabang Saba' di Yamang. Sajara tontang raja-raja dan ummak-ummak di Jasira Arab ditulis dalam kitak ''Muruj al-Dahab wa Ma’adin al-Jauhar''. Jasira Arab yang dihuni oleh bangsa Arab morupakang yang portama kali mengenal dan moyakingi agama Islang.<ref name=":2">Musyarif (Nopemberek 2019) Ahdar (ed.) ''[https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/3113/1/sejarah%20peradaban%20islam.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam: Pra Islam sampai Bani Umayyah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Parepare: CV. Kaaffah Learning Center. Hlm. 2. ISBN 978-623-7426-39-4.</ref> Dalang kakoasaang ummak Islang, Jasira Arab mulai diparenta ole Muhammad sabagai kopala nagara Madina dan borlanjuk dalang kokuasaang ummak Islang solama masa pammarentahang Dinasti Umayya dang Dinasti Abbasia.<ref name=":3">Fakhri (2020) Zainuddin T. (ed.) ''[https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/28691/1/Buku%20Geografi%20Islam.pdf Geografi Islam]''. Banda Aceh: Ar-Raniry Press. Hlm.45. ISBN 978-623-7410-72-0.</ref> Saribu taung sobolum Islang disobarkang, somua ponduduk di Jasira Arab suda manggunakang bahasa Arab sabagai bahasa masarakak dang bahasa Arab yang dipake dalang Al-Qur'ang manjadi bahasa yang napake bangsa Arab. Pusak kogiatang pordagangang di Jasira Arab di Kota Mekka. == Pombontukang == Pada Zamang Es, Jazira Arab morupakang bagiang dari datarang Sahara. Kawasanna torbagi manjadi padang rumpuk dang gurung pasir dari Asia yang tersambung dengang Persia. Susudana Zamagn Es, daratang Jazira Arab torpisa dengan datarang Sahara ole lembah Nil dan lauk Mera. Namung datarang Jazira Arab tidak dapak ditinggali karana tidak tarjadi glasial akibat poncairang es saperti di bagiang selatan pogunungang Asia Kocil.<ref>Hitti, Philip K. (Oktoberek 2006). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/History_of_the_Arabs/9twFPOygpQAC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Semenanjung+Arab&pg=PA16&printsec=frontcover History of the Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) [''History of the Arabs: From the Earliest Times to the Present'']. Ditorjomakang ole Yasin, R. C. L., dang Riyadi, D. S. Jakarta: Serambi Ilmu Semesta. hlm. 16–17. ISBN <bdi>979-3335-97-1</bdi>.</ref> Kotika Lempeng Arab torangkak dari ara barak daya manuju ke timuruk lauk sabalung turung, saluru Jasira Arab torbontuk. Pada bagiag timur, Lempeng Arab momoca lempeng manjadi turunang di Mesopotamia yang kamudiang mombontuk teluk Persia.<ref>Zdanowski, Jerzy (2014). ''[https://www.cambridgescholars.com/resources/pdfs/978-1-4438-6606-4-sample.pdf Middle Eastern Societies in the 20th Century]'' (dalam bahasa Inggirisik). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. hlm. 8. ISBN <bdi>978-1-4438-6606-4</bdi>.</ref> == Lokasi dan koadaang alang == Lokasi Jasira Arab borada di bagiang barakna bonua Asia.<ref>Istikomah dang Romadlon, D. A. (Agustusuk 2019) Sartika, S. B., dang Multazam, M. T. (ed.) ''[http://eprints.umsida.ac.id/8626/1/bk%20%20bahan%20ajar%20SKI%20MI.pdf Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Sidoarjo: UMSIDA Press. Hlm. 2. ISBN 978-623-7578-16-1.</ref> Jasira Arab borada di antarana bonua Afrika dang bonua Asia.<ref>Printina, Brigida Intan. (2019) Huda, Khoilul. (ed.) ''[https://repository.usd.ac.id/36970/1/5282_Sejarah%2BAsia%2BBarat%2BModern%281%29.pdf Sejarah Asia Barat Modern: Dari Nasionalisme Sampai Perang Teluk ke-III]''. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University Press. Hlm. 19. ISBN 978-602-5607-93-6.</ref> Moskipung jasira artina pulau dalang bahasa Arab, totapi Jasira Arab bukang pulau karana bagiang utarana tidak punya lauk.<ref>Buana, Cahya (Agustusuk 2021) ''[https://www.repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/63152/1/Sastra%20Arab%20klasik%20seri%20jahiliyyah_BUKU%20CETAK.pdf Sastra Arab Klasik Seri Jahiliyah]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Btu: Literasi Nusantara. Hlm. 7. ISBN 978-623-329-340-2.</ref> Koadaang alang di Jasira Arab amak koring.<ref>Nasution, Syamruddin (Juli 217) ''[https://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/11875/1/Sejarah%20Perkembangan%20Peradaban%20Islam.pdf Sejarah Perkembangan Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Pekang Baru: Asa Riau. Hlm. 13.</ref> Ikling di Jasira Arab amak bambang dang tormasuk yang paling bambang di pormukaanna Bumi.<ref name=":0">Zohdi, Ahmad (Peberuari 2018) Fahrurrozi (ed.) ''[https://repository.uinmataram.ac.id/2700/1/SEJARAH%20PERADABAN%20ISLAM%20%28%20Islam%2C%20Sains%2C%20dan%20Peradaban%29.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam: Islam, Sains, dan Peradaban]''. Matarang: Penerbit Sanabil. Hlm. 17. ISBN 978-602-6223-79-1.</ref> == Ponduduk == Ponduduk aslina Jasira Arab adala bangsa Arab.<ref>Yakub, M., Tanjung, M., dang Siregar, Y. D. (Oktoberek 2015) Yakub, M. (ed.) ''[http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/2446/1/ISI%20SEJARAH%20PERADABAN%20ISLAM%20M.YAKUB.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam: Pendekatan Periodesasi]''. Medan: Perdana Publishing. Hlm. 1. <nowiki>ISBN 978-602-6970-40-4</nowiki>.</ref> Sebelum ponyobarang Islang di Jasira Arab, kawasanna suda ditinggali ole bangsa Arab dari dua kolompok bosar yaitu Kataniyung dan Adenaniyung. Kataniyung tinggal ki di kawasang bagiang salatanna Jasira Arab, sodangkang Adenaniyung tinggal ki di kawasang bagiang utarana Jasira Arab. Kataniyung borasal dari koturunang Katang sodangkang Adenaniyung borasal dari koturunang Adenang bing Ismail. Kodua kolompok ini sudah borcampur koturunanna sobolung Islang disobarkang di Jasira Arab.<ref>Widayanti, Rizka (Januari 2024) Dewi, Yelfi (ed.) ''[https://repository-penerbitlitnus.co.id/id/eprint/233/1/SEJARAH%20PERKEMBANGAN%20SASTRA%20ARAB.pdf Sejarah Perkembangan Sastra Arab]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Malang: CV. Literasi Nusantara Abadi. Hlm. 9. ISBN 978-623-121-764-6.</ref> == Peradaban dan kebudayaan == Poradabang kolok asli yang porna borkombang di kawasang Jasira Arab adala poradabang Saba' di Yamang. Ponduduk di Yamang dapak mombangung poradabang Saba' karana punya panampungang dang bondungang untuk simpang air hujang dan air bah. Nama bondungang di Yamang pada masa poradabang Saba' adala Bondungang Ma'rib. Tana dang ladang di Yamang disirang pake air dari Bondungang Ma'rib salama masa poradabang Saba'.<ref>Ash-Shallabi, Ali Muhammad (2023) Yasir, M., dkk. (ed.) ''Muhammad: Penutup Para Nabi dan Rasul'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diterjemahkan oleh Irham, M., dkk. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 19. ISBN 978-623-173-022-0.</ref> Setelah Islang disebarkang dang dianut oleh bangsa Arab, poradabang bangsa Arab borkambang manjadi poradabang Islang.<ref>Nasution, Syamruddin (Nopemberek 2013) ''[https://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/10391/1/Sejarah%20Peradaban%20Islam.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Pekangbaru: Yayasan Pusaka Riau. Hlm. 3. <nowiki>ISBN 979-9339-27-4</nowiki>.</ref> == Pammarentahang == Sajara tontang raja-raja dan ummak-ummak di Jasira Arab ditulis dalam kitak ''Muruj al-Dahab wa Ma’adin al-Jauhar''. Di dalang kitak ini dijolaskang tontang raja dang ummak sabalung masa Islang dang wattu masana Islang di Jasira Arab.<ref>Hak, Nurul. (Juli 2019) ''[https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/41970/11/Rekayasa%20Sejarah%20Islam%20Daulah%20Bani%20Umayyah%20Di%20Syria%20%2841%20-%20132%20H.660%20-%20750%20M%29.pdf Rekayasa Sejarah Islam Daulah Bani Umayyah di Syria (4 – 132 H./660 – 750 M.)]''. Yogyakarta: Idea Press Yogyakarta. Hlm. 157. ISBN 978-623-7085-48-5.</ref> Jasira Arab borada dalang kakoasaang ummak Islang solama Muhammad momorinta sabagai kopala nagara Madina. Ibu kotana borada di Kota Madina. Muhammad momorinta sabagai kopala nagara Madina hingga komatianna pada taung 11 Hijiria atau sama dengan taung 632 Masihi.<ref>Zakariya, Din Muhammad (Juli 2018) Hermawan, Andi (ed.) ''[https://repository.um-surabaya.ac.id/id/eprint/4980/1/SEJARAH_PERADABAN_ISLAM.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam: Prakenabian hingga Islam di Indonesia]''. Malang: CV. Intrans Publishing. Hlm. 15. ISBN 978-602-08996-4-0.</ref> Jasira Arab masi dalang kokuasaang ummak Islang solama masa pammarentaang Dinasti Umayya dang Dinasti Abbasia.<ref name=":3" /> Sojak abak ke-20 Masihi, sobagiang bosar kawasang di Jasira Arab tormasuk dalam kokuasaang dan pamarentahang negara Arab Saudi.<ref>Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir (Apirilik 2020) ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=YfDbDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=onepage&q=Jazirah&f=false Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Artawijaya dang Hasmand, F. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 764. ISBN 978-979-592-835-5.</ref> == Koagamaang == Ponduduk di Jasira Arab sudah monyamba Tuhang wattuna poradabang kuno. Tuhang disomba dengang manggunakang patung-patung yang dibiking orang sendiri sabagai borhala.<ref name=":1">Pamungkas, Jati (Juni 2022) Dahlila F., Atika (ed.) ''[https://repository.iainkediri.ac.id/989/1/PAGANISME%20BANGSA%20ARAB%20bag.%201.pdf Paganisme Bangsa Arab Pra-Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Banyumas dang Kediri: CV. Cakrawala Satria Mandiri. Hlm. 4. ISBN 978-623-5850-08-5.</ref> Pada masa kolahirang Muhammad, bangsa Arab di Jasira Arab molakukang panyombahang borhala tarutamana di Ka'ba yang lokasina di Mekka.Ada 360 patung borhala di sokolilingna Ka'ba.<ref>Indra, Gandhi Liyorba (Juli 2021) Ftir, Yeni (ed.) ''[https://repository.radenintan.ac.id/28412/2/buku%20pasang%20surut%20peradaban.pdf Pasang Surut Peradaban dalam Lintas Sejarah: Kajian Sejarah Peradaban Islam dari Masa Klasik Hingga Kontemporer]''. Batu: Literasi Nusantara. Hlm. 9.</ref> Pada masa pammarentahang Korajaang Saba' di Yamang, Bani Kahtang yang tormasuk bangsa Arab mulai manyomba benda langik tarutama bulang, bintang dang matahari.<ref>Zaki, M. (Oktoberek 2019) ''[https://repository.uinmataram.ac.id/34/1/Jejak%20Inkubasi%20Islam%20ok.pdf Jejak Inkubasi Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Mataram: Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Studi Agama UIN Mataram. Hlm. 29. ISBN 978-602-7644-51-9.</ref> Sala satuna agama samawi di dunia borkombang di Jasira Arab.<ref name=":1" /> Jasira Arab yang dihuni oleh bangsa Arab morupakang yang portama kali mengenal dan moyakingi agama Islang.<ref name=":2" /> Ajarang Islam disobarkang solama 23 taung mulai dari Mekka solama 13 taung dan Madina solama 10 taung.<ref>Syauqi, A., dkk. (Mei 2016) Badrian (ed.) ''[https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/7275/1/Sejarah%20Kebduayaan%20Islam%2C%20Rev..pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Sleman: Aswaja Pressindo. Hlm. 1.</ref> Kota dengang sabagiang bosar pondudukna manarima Islang yang diporkonalkan ole Muhammad adalah ponduduk Yastrib yang sokarang dikenal dengang nama Madina. Dari Madina, ajarang Islang monyobar ke saluru Jasira Arab.<ref>Zubaidah, Siti (Oktoberek 2016) Daulay, Nurika Khalila (ed.) ''[http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/1562/1/Buku%20SPI.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Medan: Perdana Publishing. Hlm. 21. ISBN 978-602-6462-15-2.</ref> Penyobarang Islam manjadi amak luas sesudana dibiking Porjanjiang Madina sama boborapa perang dang perjanjiang laing dengan bangsa Arab.<ref>Atutsania, N., dkk. (Juli 2025) Taufik, M. A., Arisiana, T., dang Setiawati, I. (ed.) ''[https://repository-penerbitlitnus.co.id/id/eprint/593/1/SEJARAH%20PERADABAN%20ISLAM.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Malang: PT. Literasi Nusantara Abadi Grup. Hlm. 55. ISBN 978-634-234-311-1.</ref> Sesudana komatiang Muhammad, ponyobarang agama Islang dilakukang ole Halipa Rasiding di saluru Jasira Arab dan di luar Jasira Arab.<ref>Wibowo, B. A., Pranowo, T. A., dang Febrianto, A. (Peburuari 2023) Febrianto, Arip (ed.) ''[https://repository.upy.ac.id/4146/1/Sejarah-Pendidikan.pdf Sejarah Pendidikan]''. Yogyakarta: UPY Press. Hlm. 18. ISBN 978-623-7668-57-2.</ref> Bangsa Arab komudiang manjadi bangsa yang monyebarkang agama Islang ke kawasang laing di dunia selaing Jasira Arab.<ref name=":2" /> == Kobahasaang == Saribu taung sobolum Islang disobarkang, somua ponduduk di Jasira Arab suda manggunakang bahasa Arab sabagai bahasa masarakak. Sudana disobarkang Islang ke saluru Jasira Arab, bahasa Arab yang dipake dalang Al-Qur'ang manjadi bahasa yang napake bangsa Arab.<ref>Wargadinata, W., dang Fitriani, L. (2018) Hamid, Abdul (ed.) ''[http://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/7856/1/7856.pdf Sastra Arab: Masa Jahiliyah dan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Malang: UIN-MALIKI Press. Hlm. 28. ISBN 978-602-1190-93-7.</ref> Bahasana Al-Qur'ang manggunakang dialek Kurais sahingga dialek Kurais dipake oleh saluruh bangsa Arab di Jasira Arab.<ref>Sugiyono, Sugeng (Mei 2023) ''[https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/59189/1/Jejak%20Bahasa%20Arab%20dan%20Perubahan%20Semantik%20Al-Qur%27an.pdf Jejak Bahasa Arab dan Perubahan Semantik Al-Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogyakarta: Suka Press. Hlm. 16. ISBN 978-623-781-674-4.</ref> Nagara-nagara di Jasira Arab momake bahasa Arab sabagai bahasa nagara.<ref>Kasmiati (2020) Laely, T. A., dang Lestari, D. W. S. (ed.) ''[https://repository.uindatokarama.ac.id/id/eprint/1546/1/Buku%20Pembelajaran%20Bahasa%20Arab.pdf Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab]''. Banyumas: Penerbit Rizquna. Hlm. 27. ISBN 978-623-7678-73-1.</ref> == Pordagangang == Pusak kogiatang pordagangang di Jasira Arab di Kota Mekka. Pordagangang Kota Mekka torutama diadakang di Pasar Ukas yang torbuka pada bulang-bulang tortontu yaitu Sulkaedah, Sulhajji dang Muharrang. Kota Mekka menghubungkang jalur pordagangang ke Abissinia sampe ke Apirika Tangnga, jalur pordagangang ke Damaskusuk sampe ke Eropa, dang jalur pordagangang ke Persia sampe ke Kabul, Kashmir, Singking, Zaitung dang Kantong. Solaing itu, Kota Mekka menghubungkang jalur pordagangang lauk ke Adeng sampe ke India, Nusantara, dan Kantong.<ref>Muna, Arif Chasanul (2019) ''[http://repository.uingusdur.ac.id/507/1/Karya%20Pengabdian_Hadis_Ekonomi_Secara_Kontekstual.pdf Pemahaman Hadis-Hadis Ekonomi secara Kontekstual]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Pekalongan: IAIN Pekalngan. Hlm. 5.</ref> == Kutipanna == <references /> m6twlbzy3ow1xzs0n006dehoe75cw9b 7374261 7374260 2026-10-25T14:12:24Z JumadilM 2556400 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q31945]] 7374261 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jasira Arab''' adalah sobua jasira di bagiang barakna bonua [[Wp/mfp/Asia|Asia]]. Ikling di Jasira Arab amak bambang dang tormasuk yang paling bambang di pormukaanna Bumi. Ponduduk aslina Jasira Arab adala bangsa Arab. Kawasanna Jasira Arab ditinggali ole bangsa Arab dari dua kolompok bosar yaitu Kataniyung dan Adenaniyung. Poradabang kolok asli yang porna borkombang di kawasang Jasira Arab adala poradabang Saba' di Yamang. Sajara tontang raja-raja dan ummak-ummak di Jasira Arab ditulis dalam kitak ''Muruj al-Dahab wa Ma’adin al-Jauhar''. Jasira Arab yang dihuni oleh bangsa Arab morupakang yang portama kali mengenal dan moyakingi agama Islang.<ref name=":2">Musyarif (Nopemberek 2019) Ahdar (ed.) ''[https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/3113/1/sejarah%20peradaban%20islam.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam: Pra Islam sampai Bani Umayyah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Parepare: CV. Kaaffah Learning Center. Hlm. 2. ISBN 978-623-7426-39-4.</ref> Dalang kakoasaang ummak Islang, Jasira Arab mulai diparenta ole Muhammad sabagai kopala nagara Madina dan borlanjuk dalang kokuasaang ummak Islang solama masa pammarentahang Dinasti Umayya dang Dinasti Abbasia.<ref name=":3">Fakhri (2020) Zainuddin T. (ed.) ''[https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/28691/1/Buku%20Geografi%20Islam.pdf Geografi Islam]''. Banda Aceh: Ar-Raniry Press. Hlm.45. ISBN 978-623-7410-72-0.</ref> Saribu taung sobolum Islang disobarkang, somua ponduduk di Jasira Arab suda manggunakang bahasa Arab sabagai bahasa masarakak dang bahasa Arab yang dipake dalang Al-Qur'ang manjadi bahasa yang napake bangsa Arab. Pusak kogiatang pordagangang di Jasira Arab di Kota Mekka. == Pombontukang == Pada Zamang Es, Jazira Arab morupakang bagiang dari datarang Sahara. Kawasanna torbagi manjadi padang rumpuk dang gurung pasir dari Asia yang tersambung dengang Persia. Susudana Zamagn Es, daratang Jazira Arab torpisa dengan datarang Sahara ole lembah Nil dan lauk Mera. Namung datarang Jazira Arab tidak dapak ditinggali karana tidak tarjadi glasial akibat poncairang es saperti di bagiang selatan pogunungang Asia Kocil.<ref>Hitti, Philip K. (Oktoberek 2006). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/History_of_the_Arabs/9twFPOygpQAC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Semenanjung+Arab&pg=PA16&printsec=frontcover History of the Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) [''History of the Arabs: From the Earliest Times to the Present'']. Ditorjomakang ole Yasin, R. C. L., dang Riyadi, D. S. Jakarta: Serambi Ilmu Semesta. hlm. 16–17. ISBN <bdi>979-3335-97-1</bdi>.</ref> Kotika Lempeng Arab torangkak dari ara barak daya manuju ke timuruk lauk sabalung turung, saluru Jasira Arab torbontuk. Pada bagiag timur, Lempeng Arab momoca lempeng manjadi turunang di Mesopotamia yang kamudiang mombontuk teluk Persia.<ref>Zdanowski, Jerzy (2014). ''[https://www.cambridgescholars.com/resources/pdfs/978-1-4438-6606-4-sample.pdf Middle Eastern Societies in the 20th Century]'' (dalam bahasa Inggirisik). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. hlm. 8. ISBN <bdi>978-1-4438-6606-4</bdi>.</ref> == Lokasi dan koadaang alang == Lokasi Jasira Arab borada di bagiang barakna bonua Asia.<ref>Istikomah dang Romadlon, D. A. (Agustusuk 2019) Sartika, S. B., dang Multazam, M. T. (ed.) ''[http://eprints.umsida.ac.id/8626/1/bk%20%20bahan%20ajar%20SKI%20MI.pdf Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Sidoarjo: UMSIDA Press. Hlm. 2. ISBN 978-623-7578-16-1.</ref> Jasira Arab borada di antarana bonua Afrika dang bonua Asia.<ref>Printina, Brigida Intan. (2019) Huda, Khoilul. (ed.) ''[https://repository.usd.ac.id/36970/1/5282_Sejarah%2BAsia%2BBarat%2BModern%281%29.pdf Sejarah Asia Barat Modern: Dari Nasionalisme Sampai Perang Teluk ke-III]''. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University Press. Hlm. 19. ISBN 978-602-5607-93-6.</ref> Moskipung jasira artina pulau dalang bahasa Arab, totapi Jasira Arab bukang pulau karana bagiang utarana tidak punya lauk.<ref>Buana, Cahya (Agustusuk 2021) ''[https://www.repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/63152/1/Sastra%20Arab%20klasik%20seri%20jahiliyyah_BUKU%20CETAK.pdf Sastra Arab Klasik Seri Jahiliyah]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Btu: Literasi Nusantara. Hlm. 7. ISBN 978-623-329-340-2.</ref> Koadaang alang di Jasira Arab amak koring.<ref>Nasution, Syamruddin (Juli 217) ''[https://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/11875/1/Sejarah%20Perkembangan%20Peradaban%20Islam.pdf Sejarah Perkembangan Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Pekang Baru: Asa Riau. Hlm. 13.</ref> Ikling di Jasira Arab amak bambang dang tormasuk yang paling bambang di pormukaanna Bumi.<ref name=":0">Zohdi, Ahmad (Peberuari 2018) Fahrurrozi (ed.) ''[https://repository.uinmataram.ac.id/2700/1/SEJARAH%20PERADABAN%20ISLAM%20%28%20Islam%2C%20Sains%2C%20dan%20Peradaban%29.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam: Islam, Sains, dan Peradaban]''. Matarang: Penerbit Sanabil. Hlm. 17. ISBN 978-602-6223-79-1.</ref> == Ponduduk == Ponduduk aslina Jasira Arab adala bangsa Arab.<ref>Yakub, M., Tanjung, M., dang Siregar, Y. D. (Oktoberek 2015) Yakub, M. (ed.) ''[http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/2446/1/ISI%20SEJARAH%20PERADABAN%20ISLAM%20M.YAKUB.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam: Pendekatan Periodesasi]''. Medan: Perdana Publishing. Hlm. 1. <nowiki>ISBN 978-602-6970-40-4</nowiki>.</ref> Sebelum ponyobarang Islang di Jasira Arab, kawasanna suda ditinggali ole bangsa Arab dari dua kolompok bosar yaitu Kataniyung dan Adenaniyung. Kataniyung tinggal ki di kawasang bagiang salatanna Jasira Arab, sodangkang Adenaniyung tinggal ki di kawasang bagiang utarana Jasira Arab. Kataniyung borasal dari koturunang Katang sodangkang Adenaniyung borasal dari koturunang Adenang bing Ismail. Kodua kolompok ini sudah borcampur koturunanna sobolung Islang disobarkang di Jasira Arab.<ref>Widayanti, Rizka (Januari 2024) Dewi, Yelfi (ed.) ''[https://repository-penerbitlitnus.co.id/id/eprint/233/1/SEJARAH%20PERKEMBANGAN%20SASTRA%20ARAB.pdf Sejarah Perkembangan Sastra Arab]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Malang: CV. Literasi Nusantara Abadi. Hlm. 9. ISBN 978-623-121-764-6.</ref> == Peradaban dan kebudayaan == Poradabang kolok asli yang porna borkombang di kawasang Jasira Arab adala poradabang Saba' di Yamang. Ponduduk di Yamang dapak mombangung poradabang Saba' karana punya panampungang dang bondungang untuk simpang air hujang dan air bah. Nama bondungang di Yamang pada masa poradabang Saba' adala Bondungang Ma'rib. Tana dang ladang di Yamang disirang pake air dari Bondungang Ma'rib salama masa poradabang Saba'.<ref>Ash-Shallabi, Ali Muhammad (2023) Yasir, M., dkk. (ed.) ''Muhammad: Penutup Para Nabi dan Rasul'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diterjemahkan oleh Irham, M., dkk. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 19. ISBN 978-623-173-022-0.</ref> Setelah Islang disebarkang dang dianut oleh bangsa Arab, poradabang bangsa Arab borkambang manjadi poradabang Islang.<ref>Nasution, Syamruddin (Nopemberek 2013) ''[https://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/10391/1/Sejarah%20Peradaban%20Islam.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Pekangbaru: Yayasan Pusaka Riau. Hlm. 3. <nowiki>ISBN 979-9339-27-4</nowiki>.</ref> == Pammarentahang == Sajara tontang raja-raja dan ummak-ummak di Jasira Arab ditulis dalam kitak ''Muruj al-Dahab wa Ma’adin al-Jauhar''. Di dalang kitak ini dijolaskang tontang raja dang ummak sabalung masa Islang dang wattu masana Islang di Jasira Arab.<ref>Hak, Nurul. (Juli 2019) ''[https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/41970/11/Rekayasa%20Sejarah%20Islam%20Daulah%20Bani%20Umayyah%20Di%20Syria%20%2841%20-%20132%20H.660%20-%20750%20M%29.pdf Rekayasa Sejarah Islam Daulah Bani Umayyah di Syria (4 – 132 H./660 – 750 M.)]''. Yogyakarta: Idea Press Yogyakarta. Hlm. 157. ISBN 978-623-7085-48-5.</ref> Jasira Arab borada dalang kakoasaang ummak Islang solama Muhammad momorinta sabagai kopala nagara Madina. Ibu kotana borada di Kota Madina. Muhammad momorinta sabagai kopala nagara Madina hingga komatianna pada taung 11 Hijiria atau sama dengan taung 632 Masihi.<ref>Zakariya, Din Muhammad (Juli 2018) Hermawan, Andi (ed.) ''[https://repository.um-surabaya.ac.id/id/eprint/4980/1/SEJARAH_PERADABAN_ISLAM.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam: Prakenabian hingga Islam di Indonesia]''. Malang: CV. Intrans Publishing. Hlm. 15. ISBN 978-602-08996-4-0.</ref> Jasira Arab masi dalang kokuasaang ummak Islang solama masa pammarentaang Dinasti Umayya dang Dinasti Abbasia.<ref name=":3" /> Sojak abak ke-20 Masihi, sobagiang bosar kawasang di Jasira Arab tormasuk dalam kokuasaang dan pamarentahang negara Arab Saudi.<ref>Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir (Apirilik 2020) ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=YfDbDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=onepage&q=Jazirah&f=false Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Artawijaya dang Hasmand, F. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 764. ISBN 978-979-592-835-5.</ref> == Koagamaang == Ponduduk di Jasira Arab sudah monyamba Tuhang wattuna poradabang kuno. Tuhang disomba dengang manggunakang patung-patung yang dibiking orang sendiri sabagai borhala.<ref name=":1">Pamungkas, Jati (Juni 2022) Dahlila F., Atika (ed.) ''[https://repository.iainkediri.ac.id/989/1/PAGANISME%20BANGSA%20ARAB%20bag.%201.pdf Paganisme Bangsa Arab Pra-Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Banyumas dang Kediri: CV. Cakrawala Satria Mandiri. Hlm. 4. ISBN 978-623-5850-08-5.</ref> Pada masa kolahirang Muhammad, bangsa Arab di Jasira Arab molakukang panyombahang borhala tarutamana di Ka'ba yang lokasina di Mekka.Ada 360 patung borhala di sokolilingna Ka'ba.<ref>Indra, Gandhi Liyorba (Juli 2021) Ftir, Yeni (ed.) ''[https://repository.radenintan.ac.id/28412/2/buku%20pasang%20surut%20peradaban.pdf Pasang Surut Peradaban dalam Lintas Sejarah: Kajian Sejarah Peradaban Islam dari Masa Klasik Hingga Kontemporer]''. Batu: Literasi Nusantara. Hlm. 9.</ref> Pada masa pammarentahang Korajaang Saba' di Yamang, Bani Kahtang yang tormasuk bangsa Arab mulai manyomba benda langik tarutama bulang, bintang dang matahari.<ref>Zaki, M. (Oktoberek 2019) ''[https://repository.uinmataram.ac.id/34/1/Jejak%20Inkubasi%20Islam%20ok.pdf Jejak Inkubasi Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Mataram: Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Studi Agama UIN Mataram. Hlm. 29. ISBN 978-602-7644-51-9.</ref> Sala satuna agama samawi di dunia borkombang di Jasira Arab.<ref name=":1" /> Jasira Arab yang dihuni oleh bangsa Arab morupakang yang portama kali mengenal dan moyakingi agama Islang.<ref name=":2" /> Ajarang Islam disobarkang solama 23 taung mulai dari Mekka solama 13 taung dan Madina solama 10 taung.<ref>Syauqi, A., dkk. (Mei 2016) Badrian (ed.) ''[https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/7275/1/Sejarah%20Kebduayaan%20Islam%2C%20Rev..pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Sleman: Aswaja Pressindo. Hlm. 1.</ref> Kota dengang sabagiang bosar pondudukna manarima Islang yang diporkonalkan ole Muhammad adalah ponduduk Yastrib yang sokarang dikenal dengang nama Madina. Dari Madina, ajarang Islang monyobar ke saluru Jasira Arab.<ref>Zubaidah, Siti (Oktoberek 2016) Daulay, Nurika Khalila (ed.) ''[http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/1562/1/Buku%20SPI.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Medan: Perdana Publishing. Hlm. 21. ISBN 978-602-6462-15-2.</ref> Penyobarang Islam manjadi amak luas sesudana dibiking Porjanjiang Madina sama boborapa perang dang perjanjiang laing dengan bangsa Arab.<ref>Atutsania, N., dkk. (Juli 2025) Taufik, M. A., Arisiana, T., dang Setiawati, I. (ed.) ''[https://repository-penerbitlitnus.co.id/id/eprint/593/1/SEJARAH%20PERADABAN%20ISLAM.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Malang: PT. Literasi Nusantara Abadi Grup. Hlm. 55. ISBN 978-634-234-311-1.</ref> Sesudana komatiang Muhammad, ponyobarang agama Islang dilakukang ole Halipa Rasiding di saluru Jasira Arab dan di luar Jasira Arab.<ref>Wibowo, B. A., Pranowo, T. A., dang Febrianto, A. (Peburuari 2023) Febrianto, Arip (ed.) ''[https://repository.upy.ac.id/4146/1/Sejarah-Pendidikan.pdf Sejarah Pendidikan]''. Yogyakarta: UPY Press. Hlm. 18. ISBN 978-623-7668-57-2.</ref> Bangsa Arab komudiang manjadi bangsa yang monyebarkang agama Islang ke kawasang laing di dunia selaing Jasira Arab.<ref name=":2" /> == Kobahasaang == Saribu taung sobolum Islang disobarkang, somua ponduduk di Jasira Arab suda manggunakang bahasa Arab sabagai bahasa masarakak. Sudana disobarkang Islang ke saluru Jasira Arab, bahasa Arab yang dipake dalang Al-Qur'ang manjadi bahasa yang napake bangsa Arab.<ref>Wargadinata, W., dang Fitriani, L. (2018) Hamid, Abdul (ed.) ''[http://repository.uin-malang.ac.id/7856/1/7856.pdf Sastra Arab: Masa Jahiliyah dan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Malang: UIN-MALIKI Press. Hlm. 28. ISBN 978-602-1190-93-7.</ref> Bahasana Al-Qur'ang manggunakang dialek Kurais sahingga dialek Kurais dipake oleh saluruh bangsa Arab di Jasira Arab.<ref>Sugiyono, Sugeng (Mei 2023) ''[https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/59189/1/Jejak%20Bahasa%20Arab%20dan%20Perubahan%20Semantik%20Al-Qur%27an.pdf Jejak Bahasa Arab dan Perubahan Semantik Al-Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogyakarta: Suka Press. Hlm. 16. ISBN 978-623-781-674-4.</ref> Nagara-nagara di Jasira Arab momake bahasa Arab sabagai bahasa nagara.<ref>Kasmiati (2020) Laely, T. A., dang Lestari, D. W. S. (ed.) ''[https://repository.uindatokarama.ac.id/id/eprint/1546/1/Buku%20Pembelajaran%20Bahasa%20Arab.pdf Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab]''. Banyumas: Penerbit Rizquna. Hlm. 27. ISBN 978-623-7678-73-1.</ref> == Pordagangang == Pusak kogiatang pordagangang di Jasira Arab di Kota Mekka. Pordagangang Kota Mekka torutama diadakang di Pasar Ukas yang torbuka pada bulang-bulang tortontu yaitu Sulkaedah, Sulhajji dang Muharrang. Kota Mekka menghubungkang jalur pordagangang ke Abissinia sampe ke Apirika Tangnga, jalur pordagangang ke Damaskusuk sampe ke Eropa, dang jalur pordagangang ke Persia sampe ke Kabul, Kashmir, Singking, Zaitung dang Kantong. Solaing itu, Kota Mekka menghubungkang jalur pordagangang lauk ke Adeng sampe ke India, Nusantara, dan Kantong.<ref>Muna, Arif Chasanul (2019) ''[http://repository.uingusdur.ac.id/507/1/Karya%20Pengabdian_Hadis_Ekonomi_Secara_Kontekstual.pdf Pemahaman Hadis-Hadis Ekonomi secara Kontekstual]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Pekalongan: IAIN Pekalngan. Hlm. 5.</ref> == Kutipanna == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|Q31945}} 43u8bim9pcjvuonb0an0wtkcr75dzhy 0 3827259 7374263 2026-10-25T14:13:47Z JumadilM 2556400 mombuak halamang baru 7374263 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The_Prophet_Zakariya_(Zechariah_In_Islam).png|thumb|Kaligarapi namana Sakariya dalang bahasa Arab.]] Dalang ajarang Islang, '''Sakariya''' adala seorang nabi yang diutus ole Allah kopada Bani Israelek di Palestina. Garis koturunanna Sakariya dalang Islang diyakingi borsambung dengang boborapa nabi yaitu Sulemang, Dawud, dang Yakub. Sakariya morupakang sala satu nabi dalang ajarang Islang yang kisana disobukkang dalang ayak-ayakna Al-Kur'ang. Dalang ajarang Islang, Sakariya bokorja sobagai tukang kayu yang tinggal di Palestina torutama di Jerussaleng. Somasa hidukna, Sakariya momiliki seorang istiri dang seorang anak. Nama anakna Sakariya adala Yahya. Solaing itu, Sakariya morawak seorang anak bornama Maryang yang morupakang kaponakanna. Sakariya moninggal karana dibunu dengang cara digaragaji kopalana socara hiduk-hiduk. == Nasak == Nasakna Sakariya yang dikotahui dengang pasti adala Sakariya, bing Nuha bing Asana bing Musling bing Saduk bing Jahsang bing Harung.<ref>Adnan, Muhammad (1964) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Tuntunan_iman_dan_Islam/5DkhAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&printsec=frontcover ''Tuntunan Iman dan Islam: Kuliah Agama Islam untuk Perguruan Tinggi dan untuk Umum'']. Djaja Murni. Hlm. 39.</ref> Namun dalang ajarang Islang, Sakariya diyakingi morupakang koturunang dari Sulemang dang Dawud. Sulemang dang Dawud morupakang dua orang nabi dalang ajarang Islang yang diutus ole Allah kopada Bani Israelek. Ole korana itu, Sakariya morupakang bagiang dari Bani Israelek sama soporti loluhurna yaitu Sulemang dang Dawud.<ref name=":0">Katsir, Ibnu (2014) ''[https://d1.islamhouse.com/data/id/ih_books/single/id-kisah-para-nabi.pdf Kisah Para Nabi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Mustafid, H., dkk. [Qashashul Anbiya] Ditorjomakang ole Haidir, Abdullah. Divisi Terjemah Kantor Da'wah Al-Sulay. Hlm. 381.</ref> Solaing itu, dalang Surah Maryang ayak ke-6 dikotahui bahwa Sakariya morupakang koturunang dari Yakub.<ref name=":1">Fadhli, Aulia (2014) ''[https://ia800501.us.archive.org/11/items/indun/indu08.pdf Doa-doa Mustajab Orang Tua untuk Anaknya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Yogoyakarta: Mutiara Media. Hlm. 17. ISBN 978-979-878-296-1.</ref> == Kodudukang, pokorjaang dang tompak tinggal == Dalang ajarang Islang, Sakariya morupakang seorang nabi bagi Bani Israelek. Kodudukang Sakariya sobagai nabi dalang Islang bordasarkang kopada Al-Kur'ang.<ref>Aizid, Rizem (Desemberek 2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Lengkap_Yerussalem/q6c0EQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&pg=PA51&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Lengkap Yerussalem: Pergulatan Panjang Agama dan Politik Sejak Era Klasik Sampai Mutakhir]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Yogoyakarta: Diva Press. Hlm. 51. ISBN 978-623-189-467-0.</ref> Mongimangi Sakariya sabagai sala satu nabi morupakang bagiang dari rukung imang yang kaampak dalang ajarang Islang. Rukung imang ini adala imang kopada para nabi dang rasul yang morupakang utusanna Alla.<ref>Purwanto, Susilo Edi (Nopember 2023). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/PERGULATAN_IDEOLOGI_ANTAR_KEBERAGAMAN_BE/R1vhEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kematian+nabi+Zakaria+Islam&pg=PA95&printsec=frontcover Pergulatan Ideologi antar Keberagaman Beragama Umat Hindu dan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Suhardi, M., dang Murtikusuma, R. P. Lombok Tonga: Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia. Hlm. 95. ISBN 978-623-8280-82-7.</ref> Ajarang Islang mongajarkang bahwa Sakariya morupakang nabi bagi Bani Israelek sama soporti loluhurna yaitu Sulemang dang Dawud.<ref name=":0" /> Sareak Islang yang diikuti ole Sakariya adala sareak dari kitak suci Taurak.<ref>Prabowo, Wisnu Tanggap (Juli 2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Taurat_Dalam_Pandangan_Muslim/7a91EQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Masa+hidup+nabi+Zakaria+Islam&pg=PA63&printsec=frontcover Taurat dalam Pandangan Muslim: Interaksi dan Dialog Dua Kitab Suci]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Artawijaya. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 63. ISBN 978-979-592-054-1.</ref> Pongutusang Sakariya sobagai nabi bagi Bani israelek dilakukang sotola masa pongutusang Usair sobagai nabina Bani Israelek.<ref>Liaw, Yock Fang (1982) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_kesusastraan_Melayu_klasik/iIZkAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&printsec=frontcover Sejarah kesusastraan Melayu Klasik Volume 1]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Erlangga. Hlm. 231.</ref> Ajarang Islang moyakingi bahwa Sakariya tinggal di Palestina torutama di Jerussaleng.<ref name=":2">Nor, Mohd Roslan Mohd (Nopemberek 2019). "''[https://scholar.uinib.ac.id/id/eprint/603/1/58-Social%20media%20and%20family%20divorce.pdf The Deal of the Century: A Critical Review on Israel-Palestine Peace Process and Trump’s Decision to Recognize Jerusalem as the Capital State of Israel]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Proceeding of International Conference on Islam and Global Issues Ke-1. Hlm. ix. ISBN 978-623-93609-0-0.</ref> Dalang sobua hadis yang diriwayakkang oleh Imang Musling disobukkang bahwa Sakariya bokorja sobagai tukang kayu.<ref>Zuhri, Saifuddin (2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_kebangkitan_Islam_dan_perkembang/WgYq3d4B1PcC?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Kebangkitan Islam dan Perkembangannya di Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian dang Pengembangan Lektur, Khazanah Keagamaan dan Manajemen Organisasi. Hlm. 346.</ref> Pokorjaang Sakariya sobagai tukang kayu diriwiyakkang dari Muhammad molalui poriwayatang ole Abu Huraira.<ref>Muslim, Abu Husain (2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kitab_Para_Nabi_dan_Keutamaan_Shahabat_S/d_tgEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&pg=PA16&printsec=frontcover Kitab Para Nabi dan Keutamaan Shahabat: Seri Mukhtashar Shahih Muslim]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Rasyad, Azfa. [''At-Tadzhib fi Adillati Matnil Ghaya wat Taqrib''] Ditorjomakang ole Ahsan, Abu. Hikam Pustaka. Hlm. 16.</ref> == Koluarga == === Istiri dang anak === [[File:021090_Al-Anbiyaa_UrduScript.jpg|thumb|Ayak ke-90 dalang Surak Al-Ambiya' yang mongisakang pongabulang doana Sakariya ole Alla untuk dibari koturunang. Dalang ayak ini, Alla mombori nama Yahya untuk anakna Sakariya.]] Dalang ajarang Islang, Sakariya momiliki seorang istiri dang seorang anak. Nama anakna Sakaria adala Yahya. Koboradaang istiri dang anakna Sakariya monuruk Islang bordasarkang pada kisana Sakariya dalang ayak ke-89 dang ayak ke-90 dalang Surak Al-Ambiya'. Dalang ayak torsobuk dinyatakang bahwa Sakariya baru dikasi anak sama Allah kotika suda borusia sangak tua. Allah momborina anak sotolah Sakariya bordoa kopada Allah supaya diborikang powaris. Allah mongabulkang pormohonanna dang mombuak istirina bisa hamil dang molahirkang anak.<ref>Yasir, Muhammad (Januari 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Jangan_Mati_Sebelum_Berprasangka_Baik_Ke/yx3OEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Jangan Mati Sebelum Berprasangka Baik Kepada Allah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Tim Al-Kautsar. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 33. ISBN 978-623-173-004-6.</ref> Koadaang kotuaanna Sakariya kotika bordoa momohong diberikang anak ole Allah dinyatakang dalang Surah Maryang ayak ke-4. Dalang ayak torsobuk disobukkang bahwa rambukna Sakariya sudah borubang dang tulang-tulanna suda loma narasa.<ref name=":1" /> Sakariya dalang ajarang Islang juga momiliki hubungang keluarga dengang dongang Isa yang juga morupakang nabi dalang Islang. Sakariya borsama anakna yaitu Yahya bosorta dengang Isa hiduk dalang masa yang sama. Isa sondiri morupakang anak dari Maryang yang morupakan sopupu dari Sakariya. Dalang ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa koluarga Sakariya diborkahi ole tiga nabi yaitu Sakariya sondiri, Yahya sobagai anakna dang Isa sobagai anak dari sopupuna.<ref>Jambalawuh, Ki (2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Peradaban_Prasejarah_Nusantara_Berdasark/XcpLEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&pg=PA88&printsec=frontcover Peradaban Prasejarah Nusantara Berdasarkan Kisah Para Nabi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Guepedia. Hlm. 88.</ref> Dalang Surak Ali Imrang ayak ke-37 dikotahui bahwa Sakariya pornah tinggal borsama dengan Maryang sobagai pongasuhna.<ref>A. M., Imron (1984) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kitab_manakib_Syekh_Abdul_Qadir_Jaelani/fasXAAAAIAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&printsec=frontcover Kitab Manakib Syekh Abdul Qadir Jaelani Merusak Akidah Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Al-Muslimun. Hlm. 43.</ref> === Korabak yang dirawak === Sakariya momiliki seorang korabak bornama Maryang yang dirawakna sojak masi anak-anak. Dalang porawatang Mariyang, Sakariya borkodudukang sabagai walina.<ref>Pratiwi, W. M., dang Desy, E. (2016). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/99_Pemuas_Intelektual_dan_Keimanan_Remaj/8ixIDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Maryam+Islam&pg=PA28&printsec=frontcover 99 Pemuas Intelektual dan Keimanan Remaja]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 28. ISBN 978-602-02-9517-6.</ref> Mariyang morupakang anak dari Hanna yang morupakang adekna Sakariya. Hanna monika dengang Imrang bing Masang dang molahirkang Maryang. Ole karana itu, Maryang morupakang kaponakanna Sakariya dari pihak mamakna.<ref>Nafi, Dian (Apiril 2022). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Seperti_Maryam_Seperti_Rabiah/LfBvEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Maryam+Islam&pg=PA118&printsec=frontcover Seperti Maryam Seperti Rabiah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole Hasfa. Hlm. 117–118. ISBN 978-602-769-365-4.</ref> == Pongisahang == Sakariya morupakang sala satu nabi dalang ajarang Islang yang kisana disobukkang dalang ayak-ayakna Al-Kur'ang.<ref name=":2" /> Sobagiang kisana Sakariya sobagai nabi dalang Islang tormuak dalang Surak Maryang. Dalang Surak Maryang, kisana Sakariya borsipak torporinci dang borkaitang dengan kisa sotolana yaitu kisana Isa yang juga morupakan sala satu nabi dalang Islang.<ref>Ajahari (Septemberek 2018) ''[https://digilib.iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/2554/1/Ulumul%20Qur'an(2).pdf Ulumul Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Salemang: Aswaja Pressindo. Hlm. 67. ISBN 978-602-6733-53-5.</ref> === Pongisahang momporole anak === [[File:003039_Al-Imran_UrduScript.jpg|thumb|Ayak ke-39 dalang Surak Ali Imrang yang mongisakang pongabulang doana Sakariya ole Alla untuk dibari koturunang. Dalang ayak ini, Alla mombori nama Yahya untuk anakna Sakariya.]] Pongisahanna Sakariya momporole anak disobukkang dalang Surak Ali Imrang ayak ke-38 hingga ke-39. Pada ayak ke-38, disobukkang bahwa Sakariya bordoa kopada Allah untuk diborikang anak yang baik. Sakariya dalang ayak torsobuk bordoa sambil momuji Allah sobagai Tuhang yang Maha Mondongarkang Doa. Komudiang pada ayak ke-39 dinyatakang bahwa Sakariya momporole kabar gombira borupa pesang dari Allah molalui malaekak Jibraele bahwa Sakariya akang punya anak. Pesang torsobuk diporole Sakariya kotka sodang solak di dalang mihrak. Sosudah mongabari bahwa Sakariya akang punya anak, malaekak Jibraele monyampaikang bahwa Allah tolah mombori nama Yahya kopada anakna Sakariya yang akang lahir sobagai koturunanna. Solaing itu, malaekak Jibraele monyampaikang bahwa Yahya akan monjadi seorang nabi dari koturunang orang-orang yang sale.<ref>Rahmi, dkk. (Juli 2023) ''[http://eprints.umsb.ac.id/1931/2/Anak%20dlm%20Perspektif%20Pendidikan.pdf Anak dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam, Hukum Keluarga Islam, dan Hukum]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Salemang: Penerbit Deepublish. Hlm. 16. ISBN 978-623-02-6905-9.</ref> Dalang ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa Alla momborikang tanda akang mongandungna istirina Sakariya dengang mombuak Sakariya tordiang solama boborapa wattu.<ref>Mukhaladun, Wildan (Juli 2023). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kepingan_Puzzle_Kehidupan_Refleksi_40_ta/QszJEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Masa+hidup+nabi+Zakaria+Islam&pg=PA137&printsec=frontcover Kepingan Puzzle Kehidupan: Refleksi 40 Tahun, Perjalanan Menemukan Definisi Dajjal adalah Symbol]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Indramayu: Penerbit Adab. Hlm. 137. ISBN 978-623-497-869-8.</ref> Dalang ajarang Islang, kisana pomboriang anak bornama Yahya kopada Sakariya saak usiana suda sangak tua monjadi conto bagi umak Islang untuk tidak porna lupa bordoa kopada Allah sobagai Yang Maha Mongabulkang Doa.<ref>Aqamuz, Erli (2007) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Profil_Abdul_Qahhar_Mudzakkar/UwxwAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&printsec=frontcover Profil Abdul Qahhar Mudzakkar: Patriot Pejuang Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia dan Syahid NII/TII]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yayasan Al-Abrar. Hlm. 206.</ref> == Komatiang == Dalang ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa Bani Israelek momiliki kobonciang torhadak Sakariya. Kobonciang Bani Israelek torhadak Sakariya disobakkang ole porbuatanna yang solalu mongajak Bani Israelek kopada kotaatang torhadak ajarang agama. Kobonciang torhadak Sakariya mombuak Bani Israelek moroncakang pombunuang torhadak dirina.<ref>Yusuf, Yumsari (1994). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pengaruh_Islam_yang_tercermin_dalam_bebe/9kXgAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Yahya+dibunuh+Islam&dq=Nabi+Yahya+dibunuh+Islam&printsec=frontcover Pengaruh Islam yang Tercermin dalam Beberapa Naskah Melayu: Koleksi Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 26. ISBN 978-979-828-914-9.</ref> Sakariya ahirna moninggal korana dibunu.<ref>Hasyim, Umar (1983) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mencari_ulama_pewaris_para_nabi/3LYXAAAAIAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&printsec=frontcover Mencari Ulama Pewaris Para Nabi: Selayang Pandang Sejarah Para Ulama]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bina Ilmu. Hlm. 13.</ref> Komatiang Sakariya torjadi akibak kopalan digaragaji socara hiduk--hiduk.<ref>Halimuddin (1990). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kembali_kepada_akidah_Islam/GzQsAAAAIAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Zakaria+digergaji&dq=Zakaria+digergaji&printsec=frontcover Kembali kepada Akidah Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole Rineka Cipta. Hlm. 1. ISBN</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> 6dxvg5enggys8huu59r0dyqase40nin 7374264 7374263 2026-10-25T14:14:51Z JumadilM 2556400 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q2420409]] 7374264 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:The_Prophet_Zakariya_(Zechariah_In_Islam).png|thumb|Kaligarapi namana Sakariya dalang bahasa Arab.]] Dalang ajarang Islang, '''Sakariya''' adala seorang nabi yang diutus ole Allah kopada Bani Israelek di Palestina. Garis koturunanna Sakariya dalang Islang diyakingi borsambung dengang boborapa nabi yaitu Sulemang, Dawud, dang Yakub. Sakariya morupakang sala satu nabi dalang ajarang Islang yang kisana disobukkang dalang ayak-ayakna Al-Kur'ang. Dalang ajarang Islang, Sakariya bokorja sobagai tukang kayu yang tinggal di Palestina torutama di Jerussaleng. Somasa hidukna, Sakariya momiliki seorang istiri dang seorang anak. Nama anakna Sakariya adala Yahya. Solaing itu, Sakariya morawak seorang anak bornama Maryang yang morupakang kaponakanna. Sakariya moninggal karana dibunu dengang cara digaragaji kopalana socara hiduk-hiduk. == Nasak == Nasakna Sakariya yang dikotahui dengang pasti adala Sakariya, bing Nuha bing Asana bing Musling bing Saduk bing Jahsang bing Harung.<ref>Adnan, Muhammad (1964) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Tuntunan_iman_dan_Islam/5DkhAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&printsec=frontcover ''Tuntunan Iman dan Islam: Kuliah Agama Islam untuk Perguruan Tinggi dan untuk Umum'']. Djaja Murni. Hlm. 39.</ref> Namun dalang ajarang Islang, Sakariya diyakingi morupakang koturunang dari Sulemang dang Dawud. Sulemang dang Dawud morupakang dua orang nabi dalang ajarang Islang yang diutus ole Allah kopada Bani Israelek. Ole korana itu, Sakariya morupakang bagiang dari Bani Israelek sama soporti loluhurna yaitu Sulemang dang Dawud.<ref name=":0">Katsir, Ibnu (2014) ''[https://d1.islamhouse.com/data/id/ih_books/single/id-kisah-para-nabi.pdf Kisah Para Nabi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Mustafid, H., dkk. [Qashashul Anbiya] Ditorjomakang ole Haidir, Abdullah. Divisi Terjemah Kantor Da'wah Al-Sulay. Hlm. 381.</ref> Solaing itu, dalang Surah Maryang ayak ke-6 dikotahui bahwa Sakariya morupakang koturunang dari Yakub.<ref name=":1">Fadhli, Aulia (2014) ''[https://ia800501.us.archive.org/11/items/indun/indu08.pdf Doa-doa Mustajab Orang Tua untuk Anaknya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Yogoyakarta: Mutiara Media. Hlm. 17. ISBN 978-979-878-296-1.</ref> == Kodudukang, pokorjaang dang tompak tinggal == Dalang ajarang Islang, Sakariya morupakang seorang nabi bagi Bani Israelek. Kodudukang Sakariya sobagai nabi dalang Islang bordasarkang kopada Al-Kur'ang.<ref>Aizid, Rizem (Desemberek 2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Lengkap_Yerussalem/q6c0EQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&pg=PA51&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Lengkap Yerussalem: Pergulatan Panjang Agama dan Politik Sejak Era Klasik Sampai Mutakhir]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Yogoyakarta: Diva Press. Hlm. 51. ISBN 978-623-189-467-0.</ref> Mongimangi Sakariya sabagai sala satu nabi morupakang bagiang dari rukung imang yang kaampak dalang ajarang Islang. Rukung imang ini adala imang kopada para nabi dang rasul yang morupakang utusanna Alla.<ref>Purwanto, Susilo Edi (Nopember 2023). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/PERGULATAN_IDEOLOGI_ANTAR_KEBERAGAMAN_BE/R1vhEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kematian+nabi+Zakaria+Islam&pg=PA95&printsec=frontcover Pergulatan Ideologi antar Keberagaman Beragama Umat Hindu dan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Suhardi, M., dang Murtikusuma, R. P. Lombok Tonga: Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia. Hlm. 95. ISBN 978-623-8280-82-7.</ref> Ajarang Islang mongajarkang bahwa Sakariya morupakang nabi bagi Bani Israelek sama soporti loluhurna yaitu Sulemang dang Dawud.<ref name=":0" /> Sareak Islang yang diikuti ole Sakariya adala sareak dari kitak suci Taurak.<ref>Prabowo, Wisnu Tanggap (Juli 2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Taurat_Dalam_Pandangan_Muslim/7a91EQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Masa+hidup+nabi+Zakaria+Islam&pg=PA63&printsec=frontcover Taurat dalam Pandangan Muslim: Interaksi dan Dialog Dua Kitab Suci]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Artawijaya. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 63. ISBN 978-979-592-054-1.</ref> Pongutusang Sakariya sobagai nabi bagi Bani israelek dilakukang sotola masa pongutusang Usair sobagai nabina Bani Israelek.<ref>Liaw, Yock Fang (1982) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_kesusastraan_Melayu_klasik/iIZkAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&printsec=frontcover Sejarah kesusastraan Melayu Klasik Volume 1]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Erlangga. Hlm. 231.</ref> Ajarang Islang moyakingi bahwa Sakariya tinggal di Palestina torutama di Jerussaleng.<ref name=":2">Nor, Mohd Roslan Mohd (Nopemberek 2019). "''[https://scholar.uinib.ac.id/id/eprint/603/1/58-Social%20media%20and%20family%20divorce.pdf The Deal of the Century: A Critical Review on Israel-Palestine Peace Process and Trump’s Decision to Recognize Jerusalem as the Capital State of Israel]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Proceeding of International Conference on Islam and Global Issues Ke-1. Hlm. ix. ISBN 978-623-93609-0-0.</ref> Dalang sobua hadis yang diriwayakkang oleh Imang Musling disobukkang bahwa Sakariya bokorja sobagai tukang kayu.<ref>Zuhri, Saifuddin (2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_kebangkitan_Islam_dan_perkembang/WgYq3d4B1PcC?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Kebangkitan Islam dan Perkembangannya di Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian dang Pengembangan Lektur, Khazanah Keagamaan dan Manajemen Organisasi. Hlm. 346.</ref> Pokorjaang Sakariya sobagai tukang kayu diriwiyakkang dari Muhammad molalui poriwayatang ole Abu Huraira.<ref>Muslim, Abu Husain (2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kitab_Para_Nabi_dan_Keutamaan_Shahabat_S/d_tgEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&pg=PA16&printsec=frontcover Kitab Para Nabi dan Keutamaan Shahabat: Seri Mukhtashar Shahih Muslim]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Rasyad, Azfa. [''At-Tadzhib fi Adillati Matnil Ghaya wat Taqrib''] Ditorjomakang ole Ahsan, Abu. Hikam Pustaka. Hlm. 16.</ref> == Koluarga == === Istiri dang anak === [[File:021090_Al-Anbiyaa_UrduScript.jpg|thumb|Ayak ke-90 dalang Surak Al-Ambiya' yang mongisakang pongabulang doana Sakariya ole Alla untuk dibari koturunang. Dalang ayak ini, Alla mombori nama Yahya untuk anakna Sakariya.]] Dalang ajarang Islang, Sakariya momiliki seorang istiri dang seorang anak. Nama anakna Sakaria adala Yahya. Koboradaang istiri dang anakna Sakariya monuruk Islang bordasarkang pada kisana Sakariya dalang ayak ke-89 dang ayak ke-90 dalang Surak Al-Ambiya'. Dalang ayak torsobuk dinyatakang bahwa Sakariya baru dikasi anak sama Allah kotika suda borusia sangak tua. Allah momborina anak sotolah Sakariya bordoa kopada Allah supaya diborikang powaris. Allah mongabulkang pormohonanna dang mombuak istirina bisa hamil dang molahirkang anak.<ref>Yasir, Muhammad (Januari 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Jangan_Mati_Sebelum_Berprasangka_Baik_Ke/yx3OEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Jangan Mati Sebelum Berprasangka Baik Kepada Allah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Tim Al-Kautsar. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 33. ISBN 978-623-173-004-6.</ref> Koadaang kotuaanna Sakariya kotika bordoa momohong diberikang anak ole Allah dinyatakang dalang Surah Maryang ayak ke-4. Dalang ayak torsobuk disobukkang bahwa rambukna Sakariya sudah borubang dang tulang-tulanna suda loma narasa.<ref name=":1" /> Sakariya dalang ajarang Islang juga momiliki hubungang keluarga dengang dongang Isa yang juga morupakang nabi dalang Islang. Sakariya borsama anakna yaitu Yahya bosorta dengang Isa hiduk dalang masa yang sama. Isa sondiri morupakang anak dari Maryang yang morupakan sopupu dari Sakariya. Dalang ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa koluarga Sakariya diborkahi ole tiga nabi yaitu Sakariya sondiri, Yahya sobagai anakna dang Isa sobagai anak dari sopupuna.<ref>Jambalawuh, Ki (2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Peradaban_Prasejarah_Nusantara_Berdasark/XcpLEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&pg=PA88&printsec=frontcover Peradaban Prasejarah Nusantara Berdasarkan Kisah Para Nabi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Guepedia. Hlm. 88.</ref> Dalang Surak Ali Imrang ayak ke-37 dikotahui bahwa Sakariya pornah tinggal borsama dengan Maryang sobagai pongasuhna.<ref>A. M., Imron (1984) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kitab_manakib_Syekh_Abdul_Qadir_Jaelani/fasXAAAAIAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&printsec=frontcover Kitab Manakib Syekh Abdul Qadir Jaelani Merusak Akidah Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Al-Muslimun. Hlm. 43.</ref> === Korabak yang dirawak === Sakariya momiliki seorang korabak bornama Maryang yang dirawakna sojak masi anak-anak. Dalang porawatang Mariyang, Sakariya borkodudukang sabagai walina.<ref>Pratiwi, W. M., dang Desy, E. (2016). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/99_Pemuas_Intelektual_dan_Keimanan_Remaj/8ixIDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Maryam+Islam&pg=PA28&printsec=frontcover 99 Pemuas Intelektual dan Keimanan Remaja]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 28. ISBN 978-602-02-9517-6.</ref> Mariyang morupakang anak dari Hanna yang morupakang adekna Sakariya. Hanna monika dengang Imrang bing Masang dang molahirkang Maryang. Ole karana itu, Maryang morupakang kaponakanna Sakariya dari pihak mamakna.<ref>Nafi, Dian (Apiril 2022). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Seperti_Maryam_Seperti_Rabiah/LfBvEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Maryam+Islam&pg=PA118&printsec=frontcover Seperti Maryam Seperti Rabiah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole Hasfa. Hlm. 117–118. ISBN 978-602-769-365-4.</ref> == Pongisahang == Sakariya morupakang sala satu nabi dalang ajarang Islang yang kisana disobukkang dalang ayak-ayakna Al-Kur'ang.<ref name=":2" /> Sobagiang kisana Sakariya sobagai nabi dalang Islang tormuak dalang Surak Maryang. Dalang Surak Maryang, kisana Sakariya borsipak torporinci dang borkaitang dengan kisa sotolana yaitu kisana Isa yang juga morupakan sala satu nabi dalang Islang.<ref>Ajahari (Septemberek 2018) ''[https://digilib.iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/2554/1/Ulumul%20Qur'an(2).pdf Ulumul Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Salemang: Aswaja Pressindo. Hlm. 67. ISBN 978-602-6733-53-5.</ref> === Pongisahang momporole anak === [[File:003039_Al-Imran_UrduScript.jpg|thumb|Ayak ke-39 dalang Surak Ali Imrang yang mongisakang pongabulang doana Sakariya ole Alla untuk dibari koturunang. Dalang ayak ini, Alla mombori nama Yahya untuk anakna Sakariya.]] Pongisahanna Sakariya momporole anak disobukkang dalang Surak Ali Imrang ayak ke-38 hingga ke-39. Pada ayak ke-38, disobukkang bahwa Sakariya bordoa kopada Allah untuk diborikang anak yang baik. Sakariya dalang ayak torsobuk bordoa sambil momuji Allah sobagai Tuhang yang Maha Mondongarkang Doa. Komudiang pada ayak ke-39 dinyatakang bahwa Sakariya momporole kabar gombira borupa pesang dari Allah molalui malaekak Jibraele bahwa Sakariya akang punya anak. Pesang torsobuk diporole Sakariya kotka sodang solak di dalang mihrak. Sosudah mongabari bahwa Sakariya akang punya anak, malaekak Jibraele monyampaikang bahwa Allah tolah mombori nama Yahya kopada anakna Sakariya yang akang lahir sobagai koturunanna. Solaing itu, malaekak Jibraele monyampaikang bahwa Yahya akan monjadi seorang nabi dari koturunang orang-orang yang sale.<ref>Rahmi, dkk. (Juli 2023) ''[http://eprints.umsb.ac.id/1931/2/Anak%20dlm%20Perspektif%20Pendidikan.pdf Anak dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam, Hukum Keluarga Islam, dan Hukum]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Salemang: Penerbit Deepublish. Hlm. 16. ISBN 978-623-02-6905-9.</ref> Dalang ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa Alla momborikang tanda akang mongandungna istirina Sakariya dengang mombuak Sakariya tordiang solama boborapa wattu.<ref>Mukhaladun, Wildan (Juli 2023). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kepingan_Puzzle_Kehidupan_Refleksi_40_ta/QszJEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Masa+hidup+nabi+Zakaria+Islam&pg=PA137&printsec=frontcover Kepingan Puzzle Kehidupan: Refleksi 40 Tahun, Perjalanan Menemukan Definisi Dajjal adalah Symbol]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Indramayu: Penerbit Adab. Hlm. 137. ISBN 978-623-497-869-8.</ref> Dalang ajarang Islang, kisana pomboriang anak bornama Yahya kopada Sakariya saak usiana suda sangak tua monjadi conto bagi umak Islang untuk tidak porna lupa bordoa kopada Allah sobagai Yang Maha Mongabulkang Doa.<ref>Aqamuz, Erli (2007) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Profil_Abdul_Qahhar_Mudzakkar/UwxwAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&printsec=frontcover Profil Abdul Qahhar Mudzakkar: Patriot Pejuang Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia dan Syahid NII/TII]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yayasan Al-Abrar. Hlm. 206.</ref> == Komatiang == Dalang ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa Bani Israelek momiliki kobonciang torhadak Sakariya. Kobonciang Bani Israelek torhadak Sakariya disobakkang ole porbuatanna yang solalu mongajak Bani Israelek kopada kotaatang torhadak ajarang agama. Kobonciang torhadak Sakariya mombuak Bani Israelek moroncakang pombunuang torhadak dirina.<ref>Yusuf, Yumsari (1994). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pengaruh_Islam_yang_tercermin_dalam_bebe/9kXgAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Yahya+dibunuh+Islam&dq=Nabi+Yahya+dibunuh+Islam&printsec=frontcover Pengaruh Islam yang Tercermin dalam Beberapa Naskah Melayu: Koleksi Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 26. ISBN 978-979-828-914-9.</ref> Sakariya ahirna moninggal korana dibunu.<ref>Hasyim, Umar (1983) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mencari_ulama_pewaris_para_nabi/3LYXAAAAIAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&dq=Nabi+Zakaria+Islam&printsec=frontcover Mencari Ulama Pewaris Para Nabi: Selayang Pandang Sejarah Para Ulama]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bina Ilmu. Hlm. 13.</ref> Komatiang Sakariya torjadi akibak kopalan digaragaji socara hiduk--hiduk.<ref>Halimuddin (1990). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kembali_kepada_akidah_Islam/GzQsAAAAIAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Zakaria+digergaji&dq=Zakaria+digergaji&printsec=frontcover Kembali kepada Akidah Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ditorbikkang ole Rineka Cipta. Hlm. 1. ISBN</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|Q2420409}} bado1jw82crxzt6fh04cw82hf8snmbi 0 3827260 7374265 2026-10-25T14:15:47Z JumadilM 2556400 mombuak halamang baru 7374265 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bellini,_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg|thumb|Lukisang yang momporlihakkang waja dang soparu badang bagiang atas dari Muhammad al-Pati pada tahun 1480 M.]] '''Muhammad al-Pati''' (30 Marek 1432 M – 3 Mei 1481 M) adala Sultang Usmaniya kotuju yang mulai momorinta Kosultanang Usmaniya sojak tahung 1451 M hingga 1481 M. Posisina sobagai putera mahkota sobolum naik tahta monjadi sultang didapakkang korana kodua kakakna yang morupakang powaris tahta mongalami komatiang dalang poporangang. Pada tahun 1453 M dalang masa awal pomorintahang Muhammad al-Pati, Kosultanang Usmaniya borhasil monaklukkang Kustangtinopel dang momporluas wilayana hingga ke Eropa Timur. Solama momorintah Kosultanang Usmaniya, Muhammad al-Pati mombagi dua jabatang Wasir Usmaniya dang monorapkan pomilihang pojabak molalui Devşirme. Solaing itu, Muhammad al-Pati banyak mongadakang pondiriang sekola, akademi dang porpustakaang di somua kota besar, kota kocil dang desa-desa dalang wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya. == Kolahirang dan nasak == Muhammad al-Pati dilahirkang tanggal 27 Rajab 835 Hijiriya atau bortopatang dengang tanggal 30 Marek 1432 Masihi. Tompak kolahiranna di Kota Edirne yang wattu kolahiranna tola monjadi ibu kotana Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref>Ismail, A. Ilyas (2018) ''[https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/51018/1/THE%20WINNER.pdf The True Winner in an Islamic Perspectve: Membedah 9 Karakter Pemenang Sejati dan Memahami Rahasia Kemenangan di Balik Hukum-hukum Allah dan Dinamika Kehidupan]''. Jakarta: Penerbit Mitra Wacana Media. Hlm. 202. ISBN 978-602-318-320-3.</ref> Nasak dari Muhammad al-Pati adala Muhammad bing Murad Khan.<ref name=":0">Al-Hajj Ahmad, Yusuf. (2020) ''Mukjizat Al-Qur’an yang Tak Terbantahkan'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). [Al-Mu’jizah Al-Qur’aniyyah ‘ala Al-Mu’jizah Al-Hissiyyah] Ditorjomakang ole Zulhamid dang Miranda, Putri Aria. Jakarta: Aqwam. Hlm. 63. Hlm. 63. ISBN 978-979-039-368-4.</ref> Ayahna Muhammad al-Pati morupakang Sultang Usmaniya dengang gelar Murad II. Sodangkang mamakna Muhammad al-Pati bornama Huma Hatung.<ref>Ar-Rasyiid, Muhammad Hafiidh (Marek 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_Al_Fatih/cOUTEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Muhammad Al-Fatih: Kisah Sang Pemimpin dari Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 3.</ref> Somontara itu, kakekna Muhammad al-Pati yang borgolar Mehmed I morupakang Sultang Usmaniya sobolum ayahna monjadi sultang.<ref>Wibowo, Hamid Sakti (Apiril 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sultan_Muhammad_Al_Fatih_Penakluk_Kontra/2OULEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Sultan Muhammad Al Fatih: Penakluk Konstantinopel dan Legenda Kekuatan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yuanita. Semarang: Tiram Media. Hlm. 1.</ref> Koluargana Muhammad al-Pati morupakang bagiang dari Bani Usmaniya.<ref name=":1">Al-Salaabi, Ali Muhammad. (2009) ''[https://kalamullah.com/Books/Sultan_Muhammad_Al_Fatih_by_Ali_sallabi.pdf Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih, The Conqueror of Constantinople: The Fall of the West and the East]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Londong: Al-Firdous. Hlm. 115. ISBN 1-874263-04-3.</ref> Dalang koluargana, Muhammad al-Pati morupakang anak laki-laki yang paling muda. Muhammad al-Pati momiliki dua orang kakak tiri bornama Ahmed dang Alaedding Ali dari mamak yang borbeda dengang Muhammad al-Pati.<ref name=":3">Freely, John. ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sultan_Mehmet_II_Sang_Penakluk/jj9lIpQOwPQC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Sultan Mehmet II Sang Penakluk]''. Ciputak: Pustaka Alvabet. Hlm. 17. ISBN 978-602-9193-20-6.</ref> Mamak dari kodua kakak tirina Muhammad al-Pati yaitu Daye Hatung.<ref name=":3" /> Kotika Muhammad al-Pati dilahirkang, kakakna yang bornama Ahmed tolah monjabak sobagai Gubernur Eyalek Rum yang borkuasa atas wilaya Eyalek Rum yang morupakan sala satu eyalek dalang kokuasaang Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref name=":3" /> == Masa kocil dan pondidikang == Sojak kolahiranna hingga borusia tiga tahung, Muhammad al-Pati tinggal di Istana Edirne bersama mamakna yaitu Huma Hatung. Solaing itu, Muhammad al-Pati tinggal borsama dengang mamak dari kodua kaka tirina yaitu Daye Hatung.<ref name=":3" /> Muhammad al-Pati monompu pondidikang di Sekola Pangerang Usmaniya. Di dalang sekola, dia bolajar tontang borbagai ilmu pongotahuang torutama bahasa dang sojara. Pongotahuang Muhammad al-Pati tontang bahasa dang sojara mombuak dirina ahli dalang mongolola urusang nogara dan monguasai cara morancang portompurang dalang medang perang.<ref name=":1" /> == Kokuasaang dan pomorintahang awal == === Gubernur Eyalek Rum === Pada tahung 1437 Masihi, Ahmed yang momorintah sobagai Gubernur Eyalek Rum moninggal dunia. Sultang Murad II komudiang monugaskang Muhammad al-Pati yang baru borusia sokitar lima tahun untuk molaksanakang pomorintahang atas Eyalek Rum monggantikang kakakna yang moninggal. Pusak pomorintahang Eyalek Rum torlotak di Kota Amasya. Somontara itu, kakakna yang bornama Alaedding Al yang baru borusia tuju tahung juga ditugaskang untuk momorintah di Eyalek Anatolia dengang pusak pomorintahang di Manisa. Kodua borsaudara ini cuma monjadi pojabak dalang nama saja korana pomorintahang totap diawasi ole para pojabak koporcayaang Sultang Murad II yang ditugaskang ke dua eyalek yang diurus ole kodua anakna.<ref name=":3" /> === Gubernur Eyalek Anatolia dan monjadi putera mahkota === Pada tahun 1439 Masihi, Sultang Murad momanggil kodua anaknya yaitu Muhammad al-Pati dang Alaedding Ali untuk disunnak dengang perayaang solama boborapa hari. Sotola itu, koduana ditukarki ponugasanna. Muhammad al-Pati bortugas sobagai pomorinta di Eyalek Anatolia dang Alaedding Ali bortugas di Eyalek Rum.<ref name=":3" /> Namung kakakna yang kodua mati solama mongikuti poporongang untuk molawang pomborontakang yang dilakukang ole Ibrahing Bey di Karamang. Dalam poporangang torsobuk, Muhammad al-Pati ikuk sorta dang borhasil mongalahkang Ibrahing Bey dan momaksa dirina kombali sotia kopada Kosultanang Usmaniya. Komatiang kodua kakakna dan poncapaianna dalam mongakhiri pomborontakang mombuak Muhammad al-Pati menjadi satu-satuna powaris Kosultanang Usmaniya dang diangkak monjadi putera mahkota yang baru.<ref>Ar Rasyiid, Muhammad Hafiidh (Marek 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_Al_Fatih/cOUTEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Alauddin+Ali+mati&pg=PA26&printsec=frontcover Muhammad Al-Fatih: Kisah Sang Pemimpin Dari Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 26-27.</ref> === Naik tahta sobagai Sultang Usmaniya === [[File:Empire-byzantin-1450.svg|thumb|Wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya pada tahung 1450 M, sotahung sobolum Muhamad al-Pati kombali naik tahta sobagai Sultang Usmaniya.]] Muhammad al-Pati monjadi Sultang Usmaniya kotuju.<ref name=":0" /> Ia portama kali monjabak sobagai Sultang Usmaniya pada tahung 848 Hijiriya atau sama dengang tahung 1444 Masihi. Muhammad al-Pati monggantikang kodudukang ayahna yaitu Murad II yang momili turung tahta sobagai Sultang Usmaniya. Saak naik tahta, Muhammad al-Pati borgolar Mehmed II.<ref name=":2">Armagan, Mustafa. (2014) ''[https://ia803106.us.archive.org/22/items/etaoin/Muhammad%20Al-Fatih%20Kisah%20Kontroversial%20Sang%20Penakluk%20Konstantinopel.pdf Muhammad Al-Fatih: Kisah Kontroversial Sang Penakluk Konstantinipel]''. Depok: Kaysa Media. Hlm. viii. ISBN 978-979-1479-69-1.</ref> Muhammad al-Pati monjabak sobagai Sultang Usmaniya pada umurna yang kotiga bolas tahung.<ref name=":1" /> Pada tahung 1445 Masihi atau tahun 849 Hijiriya, Muhammad al-Pati mominta ayahna untuk kombali naik tahta monggantikang dirina. Ayahna monyotujui koinginang anakna itu dang kombali naik tahta masi dalang tahun 849 Hijiriya totapi tolah momasuki tahung 1446 Masihi. Murad II momorintah kombali dalang wattu yang singkak korana ia moninggal pada tahun 855 Hijiriya atau sama dengang tanggal 3 Februari 1451 Masihi.<ref name=":2" /> Akhirna, Muhammad al-Pati kombali naik tahta monjadi Sultang Usmaniya pada tanggal 16 Muharrang 855 Hijiriya atau sama dengang tanggal 18 Februari 1451 Masihi.<ref name=":1" /> Usiana kotika naik tahta kombali adala 20 tahung.<ref>Nata, Abuddin (2003) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kapita_selekta_pendidikan_Islam/3nqdAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Kapita Selekta Pendidikan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Angkasa. Hlm. 235.</ref> === Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel === [[File:Siege_of_Constantinople_1453_map-en.svg|thumb|Peta yang monampikang posisi pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya (hijo) yang dipimping ole Muhammad al-Pati untuk mongopung Kustangtinopel pada tahun 1453 M. Di sisi laing, pasukang Kota Kustangtinopel (mera) borusaha momportahangkang Kustangtinopel dari kopungang pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya.]] Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel morupakang sasarang utama dari Muhammad al-Pati kotika dirina baru-barusang monjabak sobagai Sultang Usmaniya pada tahun 1451 M. Muhammad al-Pati monyiakkang sobanyak empak juta porajurik untuk monaklukkang Kustangtinopel. Pasukanna Muhammad al-Pati yang bortugas monaklukkang Kustangtinopel tordiri dari porajurik pojalang kaki, porajurik ponunggang kuda dang porajurik polayar kapal. Pongopungang Kota Kustangtinopel socara bosar-bosarang dilakukang pada awal tahun 1453 M solama 50 hari molalui darak dang lauk.<ref>Nurdin (November 2020). "[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Majalah_ar_risalah_Edisi_231_Nov_2020_Da/n7MHEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&pg=PA62&printsec=frontcover Muhammad Al-Fatih (Penakluk Konstantinopel)]" Majalah Ar-Risalah Volume 21 Nomor 5 (Edisi ke-231). Hlm. 62–63.</ref> Pada tahun 1453 M, Sultang Muhammad al-Pati dan pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya borhasil monaklukkang Kustangtinopel yang morupakang ibu kota dari Kokaisarang Romawi Timur.<ref>Sewang, Anwar. (Desemberek 2015) ''[https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/1058/1/Sejarah%20Peradaban%20Islam.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Parepare: Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Parepare. Hlm. 39.</ref> Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole Muhammad al-Pati dan pasukanna morupakang usahana untuk mombuktikang nubuak Muhammad sobagai nabi dalang Islang yang monyatakang bahwa Kustangtinopel akang dikuasai ole ummak Islang. Pombuktiang ini momorlukang sokitar 800 tahung sojak masa konabiang Muhammad monuruk koyakinang ummak Islang. Sobolum ponaklukang oleh Muhammad al-Pati, tolah dilakukang sobanyak sobolas kali usaha ponaklukkang torhadak Kustangtinopel.<ref>Al-Munyawi, Ramzi (2012) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_Al_Fatih/fevbDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Muhammad Al-Fatih: Penakluk Konstantinopel]''. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-979-592-601-6.</ref> Ponaklukang portama diusahakang ole Utsmang bin Affang pada masa pomorintahanna dalang Kohalipaang Rasiding.<ref>Wijdan S. Z., A. (2007) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pemikiran_peradaban_Islam/zbDXAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Pemikiran dan Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Salemang: Pusat Studi Islam, Universitas Islam Indonesia. Hlm. 28.</ref> Usaha ponaklukang torakhir sobolum ponaklukang ole Sultang Muhammad al--Fatih dilakukang ole ayahna yaitu Sultang Murad II dalang masa Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref>Aizid, Rizem. (2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Para_Panglima_Perang_Islam/R6ZxEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&pg=PA333&printsec=frontcover Para Panglima Perang Islam]''. Diuba-sosuaikang ole Rusdianto. Yogoyakarta: Saufa. Hlm. 333. ISBN 978-602-7695-69-6</ref> Lokasina Kustangtinopel morupakang lokasi tordopang dang torpontng ole ummak Islang pada wattu itu untuk momasuki kawasang Eropa Timur dang monyobarkang Islang. Sotolah ponaklukang ole Muhammad al-Pati dan pasukanna, daera-daera laing di Eropa Timur dapat ditaklukkang ole Kosultanang Usmaniya dang mombuak Islang dikonal ole orang-orang Eropa Timur.<ref>Nasution, Syamruddin. (Nopemberek 2013) ''[https://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/10391/1/Sejarah%20Peradaban%20Islam.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Pekang Baru: Yayasan Pusaka Riau. Hlm. 282.</ref> Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel mombuka Muhammad al-Pati momporoleh golar ''al-Pati'' yang borarti ''Sang Penakluk''. Golar ini diberikan kopada Muhammad al-Pati atas ponaklukang Kustangtinopel.<ref>Aizid, Rizem. (Juni 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Selayang_Pandang_Dinasti_Utsmaniyah/hOXDEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&pg=PA27&printsec=frontcover Selayang Pandang Dinasti Utsmaniyah]''. Diuba-sosuaikang ole Rusdianto.Yogoyakarta: Diva Press. Hlm. 26-27. ISBN 978-623-189-220-1.</ref> == Kobijakang ponting solama pomorintahang == === Monyusung susunang pojabak dalang pomorintahang === Sojak monjadi Sultang Usmaniya sotolah komatiang ayahnya, Muhammad al-Pati membagi jabatang sobagai Wasir Usmaniya kopada dua orang. Wasir Usmaniya yang portama morupakang pojabak Wasir Usmaniya dari masa pomorintahang ayahna yaitu Candarli Halil Pasya. Sodangkang Wasir Usmaniya yang kodua borasal dari pojabak pondukung pomorintahanna sondiri yaitu Zaganos Pasya.<ref>Mushaffa, Irfan. (Januari 2025) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Fakta_Sejarah_Islam_Pasca_Wafatnya_Rasul/PFtCEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Mehmed+II&pg=PA49&printsec=frontcover Fakta Sejarah Islam Pasca Wafatnya Rasulullah Bagian 1]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Klaten: Nas Media Pustaka. Hlm. 49.</ref> Muhammad al-Pati juga mombagi urusang pomorintahang pusakna monjadi tata kolola istana dang tata kolola nogara. Tata kolola istana dibagi monjadi dua yaitu layanang bagiang dalang dang layanang bagiang luar. Layanang bagiang dalang mongatur urusang tontang hareng dang ruma tanggana Sultang Usmaniya. Sodangkang layanang bagiang luar moliputi ponnjaga istana, pongiring pesang, pongurus pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya dang para ulama yang molayani Sultang Usmaniya.<ref>Mahendra, Fahmi Rizal (Peberuari 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Turki_Utsmani/LfT8EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=pemerintahan+Mehmed+II&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Turki Utsmani: Kisah Dari Awal Pembentukan Hingga Kemunduran]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 77.</ref> Sotola ponaklukang Kustangtinopel, Muhammad al-Pati mongombangkan kokuatang militer dari kalangang daera-daera taklukanna solaing orang Turki. Korana itu, porang ulama dang pojabak Turki borkurang dang digantikang ole para pojabak militer yang borasal dari daera-daera taklukang Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref>Black, Antony (2006) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pemikiran_politik_Islam/fO9RGMOio64C?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=pemerintahan+Mehmed+II&pg=PA364&printsec=frontcover Pemikiran Politik Islam: Dari Masa Nabi hingga Masa Kini]''. Serambi. Hlm. 364.</ref> Pomilihan pojabak dalang pomorintahang dilakukang ole Muhammad al-Pati monggunakang suatu kobijakang bornama Devşirme. Sultang Muhammad al-Pati lobih momilih monotakkang pojabak dari kalangang bukang koluarga bangsawang sohingga kokuasaang dalam pomorintahang soponuhna dikondalikang ole Sultang Usmaniya.<ref>Fadzila, Octa Verina Nur (Juni 2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/MRS_Aster/GGh3EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=pemerintahan+Mehmed+II&pg=PA49&printsec=frontcover Mrs. Aster]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Eternity Publishing. Hlm. 49.</ref> === Pondiriang sekola. akademi dang porpustakaang === Solama momorintah Kosultanang Usmaniya, Muhammad al-Pati banyak monotapkang kobijkang ponting dalang bidang pondidikang. Dia mongadakang pondiriang sekola-sekola dang akademi-akademi di somua kota besar, kota kocil dan desa-desa dalang wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya. Somua sekola dan akademi dalang wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya solama masa pomorintahang Muhammad al-Pati dibuak borjonjang dang momiliki jurusang dengan kurikulumna masing-masing yang torsusung socara longkap.<ref name=":4">Syauqi, A., dkk. (Mei 2016) ''[https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/7275/1/Sejarah%20Kebduayaan%20Islam%2C%20Rev..pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Dibua-sosuaikang ole Badrian. Salemang: Aswaja Pressindo. Hlm. 148.</ref> Sobagai pondukung kogiatang bolajar, tiak sekola dan akademi dilongkapi dengang porpustakaang yang dibangung di luar bangunang sekola dang akademi. Para murik dari sekola dang akademi bole mominjang buku-buku yang disodiakang ole potugas porpustakaang dengang mongisi catatang pominjamang. Buku-buku yang disodiakang di dalang porpustakaang kobanyakang morupakang buku-buku yang suda ditorjomakang dalang bahasa Turki. Ponorjomahang buku dari buku-buku yang ditulis dalang bahasa Yunani, bahasa Lating, bahasa Persia, dang bahasa Arab. Jonis buku yang ditorjomahkang dang disodiakang dalang porpustakaang yaitu buku mongonai orang-orang torkonal dang buku mongonai pengobatang dang kodokterang.<ref name=":4" /> == Komatiang == Muhammad al-Pati moninggal pada tanggal 3 Mei 1481 M. Ia moninggal dalang porjalanang untuk mongadakang poporangang di Anatolia.<ref>Ágoston, G., dang Masters, B. A. (2009) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_the_Ottoman_Empire/QjzYdCxumFcC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Mehmed+II+Dead&pg=PA368&printsec=frontcover Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris) Facts On File. Hlm. 368.</ref> Ponyobak komatiang Muhammad al-Pati tidak dikotahui dengang pasti. Namun dugaan yang kuak yang monjadi ponyobak komatiannya adala racung.<ref>Suryo Hadi Kusumo (Oktoberek 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Dunia_Lengkap/YSjnEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Mehmed+II+meninggal&pg=PA145&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Dunia Lengkap: Dari Periode Klasik Sampai Periode Kontemporer]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 145.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> 2e0289mxx87qvt6c7tfe3o82kxnoyiw 7374266 7374265 2026-10-25T14:16:31Z JumadilM 2556400 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q34503]] 7374266 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bellini,_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg|thumb|Lukisang yang momporlihakkang waja dang soparu badang bagiang atas dari Muhammad al-Pati pada tahun 1480 M.]] '''Muhammad al-Pati''' (30 Marek 1432 M – 3 Mei 1481 M) adala Sultang Usmaniya kotuju yang mulai momorinta Kosultanang Usmaniya sojak tahung 1451 M hingga 1481 M. Posisina sobagai putera mahkota sobolum naik tahta monjadi sultang didapakkang korana kodua kakakna yang morupakang powaris tahta mongalami komatiang dalang poporangang. Pada tahun 1453 M dalang masa awal pomorintahang Muhammad al-Pati, Kosultanang Usmaniya borhasil monaklukkang Kustangtinopel dang momporluas wilayana hingga ke Eropa Timur. Solama momorintah Kosultanang Usmaniya, Muhammad al-Pati mombagi dua jabatang Wasir Usmaniya dang monorapkan pomilihang pojabak molalui Devşirme. Solaing itu, Muhammad al-Pati banyak mongadakang pondiriang sekola, akademi dang porpustakaang di somua kota besar, kota kocil dang desa-desa dalang wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya. == Kolahirang dan nasak == Muhammad al-Pati dilahirkang tanggal 27 Rajab 835 Hijiriya atau bortopatang dengang tanggal 30 Marek 1432 Masihi. Tompak kolahiranna di Kota Edirne yang wattu kolahiranna tola monjadi ibu kotana Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref>Ismail, A. Ilyas (2018) ''[https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/51018/1/THE%20WINNER.pdf The True Winner in an Islamic Perspectve: Membedah 9 Karakter Pemenang Sejati dan Memahami Rahasia Kemenangan di Balik Hukum-hukum Allah dan Dinamika Kehidupan]''. Jakarta: Penerbit Mitra Wacana Media. Hlm. 202. ISBN 978-602-318-320-3.</ref> Nasak dari Muhammad al-Pati adala Muhammad bing Murad Khan.<ref name=":0">Al-Hajj Ahmad, Yusuf. (2020) ''Mukjizat Al-Qur’an yang Tak Terbantahkan'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). [Al-Mu’jizah Al-Qur’aniyyah ‘ala Al-Mu’jizah Al-Hissiyyah] Ditorjomakang ole Zulhamid dang Miranda, Putri Aria. Jakarta: Aqwam. Hlm. 63. Hlm. 63. ISBN 978-979-039-368-4.</ref> Ayahna Muhammad al-Pati morupakang Sultang Usmaniya dengang gelar Murad II. Sodangkang mamakna Muhammad al-Pati bornama Huma Hatung.<ref>Ar-Rasyiid, Muhammad Hafiidh (Marek 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_Al_Fatih/cOUTEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Muhammad Al-Fatih: Kisah Sang Pemimpin dari Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 3.</ref> Somontara itu, kakekna Muhammad al-Pati yang borgolar Mehmed I morupakang Sultang Usmaniya sobolum ayahna monjadi sultang.<ref>Wibowo, Hamid Sakti (Apiril 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sultan_Muhammad_Al_Fatih_Penakluk_Kontra/2OULEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Sultan Muhammad Al Fatih: Penakluk Konstantinopel dan Legenda Kekuatan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yuanita. Semarang: Tiram Media. Hlm. 1.</ref> Koluargana Muhammad al-Pati morupakang bagiang dari Bani Usmaniya.<ref name=":1">Al-Salaabi, Ali Muhammad. (2009) ''[https://kalamullah.com/Books/Sultan_Muhammad_Al_Fatih_by_Ali_sallabi.pdf Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih, The Conqueror of Constantinople: The Fall of the West and the East]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Londong: Al-Firdous. Hlm. 115. ISBN 1-874263-04-3.</ref> Dalang koluargana, Muhammad al-Pati morupakang anak laki-laki yang paling muda. Muhammad al-Pati momiliki dua orang kakak tiri bornama Ahmed dang Alaedding Ali dari mamak yang borbeda dengang Muhammad al-Pati.<ref name=":3">Freely, John. ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sultan_Mehmet_II_Sang_Penakluk/jj9lIpQOwPQC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Sultan Mehmet II Sang Penakluk]''. Ciputak: Pustaka Alvabet. Hlm. 17. ISBN 978-602-9193-20-6.</ref> Mamak dari kodua kakak tirina Muhammad al-Pati yaitu Daye Hatung.<ref name=":3" /> Kotika Muhammad al-Pati dilahirkang, kakakna yang bornama Ahmed tolah monjabak sobagai Gubernur Eyalek Rum yang borkuasa atas wilaya Eyalek Rum yang morupakan sala satu eyalek dalang kokuasaang Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref name=":3" /> == Masa kocil dan pondidikang == Sojak kolahiranna hingga borusia tiga tahung, Muhammad al-Pati tinggal di Istana Edirne bersama mamakna yaitu Huma Hatung. Solaing itu, Muhammad al-Pati tinggal borsama dengang mamak dari kodua kaka tirina yaitu Daye Hatung.<ref name=":3" /> Muhammad al-Pati monompu pondidikang di Sekola Pangerang Usmaniya. Di dalang sekola, dia bolajar tontang borbagai ilmu pongotahuang torutama bahasa dang sojara. Pongotahuang Muhammad al-Pati tontang bahasa dang sojara mombuak dirina ahli dalang mongolola urusang nogara dan monguasai cara morancang portompurang dalang medang perang.<ref name=":1" /> == Kokuasaang dan pomorintahang awal == === Gubernur Eyalek Rum === Pada tahung 1437 Masihi, Ahmed yang momorintah sobagai Gubernur Eyalek Rum moninggal dunia. Sultang Murad II komudiang monugaskang Muhammad al-Pati yang baru borusia sokitar lima tahun untuk molaksanakang pomorintahang atas Eyalek Rum monggantikang kakakna yang moninggal. Pusak pomorintahang Eyalek Rum torlotak di Kota Amasya. Somontara itu, kakakna yang bornama Alaedding Al yang baru borusia tuju tahung juga ditugaskang untuk momorintah di Eyalek Anatolia dengang pusak pomorintahang di Manisa. Kodua borsaudara ini cuma monjadi pojabak dalang nama saja korana pomorintahang totap diawasi ole para pojabak koporcayaang Sultang Murad II yang ditugaskang ke dua eyalek yang diurus ole kodua anakna.<ref name=":3" /> === Gubernur Eyalek Anatolia dan monjadi putera mahkota === Pada tahun 1439 Masihi, Sultang Murad momanggil kodua anaknya yaitu Muhammad al-Pati dang Alaedding Ali untuk disunnak dengang perayaang solama boborapa hari. Sotola itu, koduana ditukarki ponugasanna. Muhammad al-Pati bortugas sobagai pomorinta di Eyalek Anatolia dang Alaedding Ali bortugas di Eyalek Rum.<ref name=":3" /> Namung kakakna yang kodua mati solama mongikuti poporongang untuk molawang pomborontakang yang dilakukang ole Ibrahing Bey di Karamang. Dalam poporangang torsobuk, Muhammad al-Pati ikuk sorta dang borhasil mongalahkang Ibrahing Bey dan momaksa dirina kombali sotia kopada Kosultanang Usmaniya. Komatiang kodua kakakna dan poncapaianna dalam mongakhiri pomborontakang mombuak Muhammad al-Pati menjadi satu-satuna powaris Kosultanang Usmaniya dang diangkak monjadi putera mahkota yang baru.<ref>Ar Rasyiid, Muhammad Hafiidh (Marek 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_Al_Fatih/cOUTEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Alauddin+Ali+mati&pg=PA26&printsec=frontcover Muhammad Al-Fatih: Kisah Sang Pemimpin Dari Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 26-27.</ref> === Naik tahta sobagai Sultang Usmaniya === [[File:Empire-byzantin-1450.svg|thumb|Wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya pada tahung 1450 M, sotahung sobolum Muhamad al-Pati kombali naik tahta sobagai Sultang Usmaniya.]] Muhammad al-Pati monjadi Sultang Usmaniya kotuju.<ref name=":0" /> Ia portama kali monjabak sobagai Sultang Usmaniya pada tahung 848 Hijiriya atau sama dengang tahung 1444 Masihi. Muhammad al-Pati monggantikang kodudukang ayahna yaitu Murad II yang momili turung tahta sobagai Sultang Usmaniya. Saak naik tahta, Muhammad al-Pati borgolar Mehmed II.<ref name=":2">Armagan, Mustafa. (2014) ''[https://ia803106.us.archive.org/22/items/etaoin/Muhammad%20Al-Fatih%20Kisah%20Kontroversial%20Sang%20Penakluk%20Konstantinopel.pdf Muhammad Al-Fatih: Kisah Kontroversial Sang Penakluk Konstantinipel]''. Depok: Kaysa Media. Hlm. viii. ISBN 978-979-1479-69-1.</ref> Muhammad al-Pati monjabak sobagai Sultang Usmaniya pada umurna yang kotiga bolas tahung.<ref name=":1" /> Pada tahung 1445 Masihi atau tahun 849 Hijiriya, Muhammad al-Pati mominta ayahna untuk kombali naik tahta monggantikang dirina. Ayahna monyotujui koinginang anakna itu dang kombali naik tahta masi dalang tahun 849 Hijiriya totapi tolah momasuki tahung 1446 Masihi. Murad II momorintah kombali dalang wattu yang singkak korana ia moninggal pada tahun 855 Hijiriya atau sama dengang tanggal 3 Februari 1451 Masihi.<ref name=":2" /> Akhirna, Muhammad al-Pati kombali naik tahta monjadi Sultang Usmaniya pada tanggal 16 Muharrang 855 Hijiriya atau sama dengang tanggal 18 Februari 1451 Masihi.<ref name=":1" /> Usiana kotika naik tahta kombali adala 20 tahung.<ref>Nata, Abuddin (2003) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kapita_selekta_pendidikan_Islam/3nqdAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Kapita Selekta Pendidikan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Angkasa. Hlm. 235.</ref> === Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel === [[File:Siege_of_Constantinople_1453_map-en.svg|thumb|Peta yang monampikang posisi pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya (hijo) yang dipimping ole Muhammad al-Pati untuk mongopung Kustangtinopel pada tahun 1453 M. Di sisi laing, pasukang Kota Kustangtinopel (mera) borusaha momportahangkang Kustangtinopel dari kopungang pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya.]] Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel morupakang sasarang utama dari Muhammad al-Pati kotika dirina baru-barusang monjabak sobagai Sultang Usmaniya pada tahun 1451 M. Muhammad al-Pati monyiakkang sobanyak empak juta porajurik untuk monaklukkang Kustangtinopel. Pasukanna Muhammad al-Pati yang bortugas monaklukkang Kustangtinopel tordiri dari porajurik pojalang kaki, porajurik ponunggang kuda dang porajurik polayar kapal. Pongopungang Kota Kustangtinopel socara bosar-bosarang dilakukang pada awal tahun 1453 M solama 50 hari molalui darak dang lauk.<ref>Nurdin (November 2020). "[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Majalah_ar_risalah_Edisi_231_Nov_2020_Da/n7MHEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&pg=PA62&printsec=frontcover Muhammad Al-Fatih (Penakluk Konstantinopel)]" Majalah Ar-Risalah Volume 21 Nomor 5 (Edisi ke-231). Hlm. 62–63.</ref> Pada tahun 1453 M, Sultang Muhammad al-Pati dan pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya borhasil monaklukkang Kustangtinopel yang morupakang ibu kota dari Kokaisarang Romawi Timur.<ref>Sewang, Anwar. (Desemberek 2015) ''[https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/1058/1/Sejarah%20Peradaban%20Islam.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Parepare: Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Parepare. Hlm. 39.</ref> Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole Muhammad al-Pati dan pasukanna morupakang usahana untuk mombuktikang nubuak Muhammad sobagai nabi dalang Islang yang monyatakang bahwa Kustangtinopel akang dikuasai ole ummak Islang. Pombuktiang ini momorlukang sokitar 800 tahung sojak masa konabiang Muhammad monuruk koyakinang ummak Islang. Sobolum ponaklukang oleh Muhammad al-Pati, tolah dilakukang sobanyak sobolas kali usaha ponaklukkang torhadak Kustangtinopel.<ref>Al-Munyawi, Ramzi (2012) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_Al_Fatih/fevbDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Muhammad Al-Fatih: Penakluk Konstantinopel]''. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-979-592-601-6.</ref> Ponaklukang portama diusahakang ole Utsmang bin Affang pada masa pomorintahanna dalang Kohalipaang Rasiding.<ref>Wijdan S. Z., A. (2007) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pemikiran_peradaban_Islam/zbDXAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&printsec=frontcover Pemikiran dan Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Salemang: Pusat Studi Islam, Universitas Islam Indonesia. Hlm. 28.</ref> Usaha ponaklukang torakhir sobolum ponaklukang ole Sultang Muhammad al--Fatih dilakukang ole ayahna yaitu Sultang Murad II dalang masa Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref>Aizid, Rizem. (2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Para_Panglima_Perang_Islam/R6ZxEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&pg=PA333&printsec=frontcover Para Panglima Perang Islam]''. Diuba-sosuaikang ole Rusdianto. Yogoyakarta: Saufa. Hlm. 333. ISBN 978-602-7695-69-6</ref> Lokasina Kustangtinopel morupakang lokasi tordopang dang torpontng ole ummak Islang pada wattu itu untuk momasuki kawasang Eropa Timur dang monyobarkang Islang. Sotolah ponaklukang ole Muhammad al-Pati dan pasukanna, daera-daera laing di Eropa Timur dapat ditaklukkang ole Kosultanang Usmaniya dang mombuak Islang dikonal ole orang-orang Eropa Timur.<ref>Nasution, Syamruddin. (Nopemberek 2013) ''[https://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/10391/1/Sejarah%20Peradaban%20Islam.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Pekang Baru: Yayasan Pusaka Riau. Hlm. 282.</ref> Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel mombuka Muhammad al-Pati momporoleh golar ''al-Pati'' yang borarti ''Sang Penakluk''. Golar ini diberikan kopada Muhammad al-Pati atas ponaklukang Kustangtinopel.<ref>Aizid, Rizem. (Juni 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Selayang_Pandang_Dinasti_Utsmaniyah/hOXDEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Muhammad+Al-Fatih&pg=PA27&printsec=frontcover Selayang Pandang Dinasti Utsmaniyah]''. Diuba-sosuaikang ole Rusdianto.Yogoyakarta: Diva Press. Hlm. 26-27. ISBN 978-623-189-220-1.</ref> == Kobijakang ponting solama pomorintahang == === Monyusung susunang pojabak dalang pomorintahang === Sojak monjadi Sultang Usmaniya sotolah komatiang ayahnya, Muhammad al-Pati membagi jabatang sobagai Wasir Usmaniya kopada dua orang. Wasir Usmaniya yang portama morupakang pojabak Wasir Usmaniya dari masa pomorintahang ayahna yaitu Candarli Halil Pasya. Sodangkang Wasir Usmaniya yang kodua borasal dari pojabak pondukung pomorintahanna sondiri yaitu Zaganos Pasya.<ref>Mushaffa, Irfan. (Januari 2025) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Fakta_Sejarah_Islam_Pasca_Wafatnya_Rasul/PFtCEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Mehmed+II&pg=PA49&printsec=frontcover Fakta Sejarah Islam Pasca Wafatnya Rasulullah Bagian 1]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Klaten: Nas Media Pustaka. Hlm. 49.</ref> Muhammad al-Pati juga mombagi urusang pomorintahang pusakna monjadi tata kolola istana dang tata kolola nogara. Tata kolola istana dibagi monjadi dua yaitu layanang bagiang dalang dang layanang bagiang luar. Layanang bagiang dalang mongatur urusang tontang hareng dang ruma tanggana Sultang Usmaniya. Sodangkang layanang bagiang luar moliputi ponnjaga istana, pongiring pesang, pongurus pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya dang para ulama yang molayani Sultang Usmaniya.<ref>Mahendra, Fahmi Rizal (Peberuari 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Turki_Utsmani/LfT8EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=pemerintahan+Mehmed+II&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Turki Utsmani: Kisah Dari Awal Pembentukan Hingga Kemunduran]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 77.</ref> Sotola ponaklukang Kustangtinopel, Muhammad al-Pati mongombangkan kokuatang militer dari kalangang daera-daera taklukanna solaing orang Turki. Korana itu, porang ulama dang pojabak Turki borkurang dang digantikang ole para pojabak militer yang borasal dari daera-daera taklukang Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref>Black, Antony (2006) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pemikiran_politik_Islam/fO9RGMOio64C?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=pemerintahan+Mehmed+II&pg=PA364&printsec=frontcover Pemikiran Politik Islam: Dari Masa Nabi hingga Masa Kini]''. Serambi. Hlm. 364.</ref> Pomilihan pojabak dalang pomorintahang dilakukang ole Muhammad al-Pati monggunakang suatu kobijakang bornama Devşirme. Sultang Muhammad al-Pati lobih momilih monotakkang pojabak dari kalangang bukang koluarga bangsawang sohingga kokuasaang dalam pomorintahang soponuhna dikondalikang ole Sultang Usmaniya.<ref>Fadzila, Octa Verina Nur (Juni 2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/MRS_Aster/GGh3EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=pemerintahan+Mehmed+II&pg=PA49&printsec=frontcover Mrs. Aster]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Eternity Publishing. Hlm. 49.</ref> === Pondiriang sekola. akademi dang porpustakaang === Solama momorintah Kosultanang Usmaniya, Muhammad al-Pati banyak monotapkang kobijkang ponting dalang bidang pondidikang. Dia mongadakang pondiriang sekola-sekola dang akademi-akademi di somua kota besar, kota kocil dan desa-desa dalang wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya. Somua sekola dan akademi dalang wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya solama masa pomorintahang Muhammad al-Pati dibuak borjonjang dang momiliki jurusang dengan kurikulumna masing-masing yang torsusung socara longkap.<ref name=":4">Syauqi, A., dkk. (Mei 2016) ''[https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/7275/1/Sejarah%20Kebduayaan%20Islam%2C%20Rev..pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Dibua-sosuaikang ole Badrian. Salemang: Aswaja Pressindo. Hlm. 148.</ref> Sobagai pondukung kogiatang bolajar, tiak sekola dan akademi dilongkapi dengang porpustakaang yang dibangung di luar bangunang sekola dang akademi. Para murik dari sekola dang akademi bole mominjang buku-buku yang disodiakang ole potugas porpustakaang dengang mongisi catatang pominjamang. Buku-buku yang disodiakang di dalang porpustakaang kobanyakang morupakang buku-buku yang suda ditorjomakang dalang bahasa Turki. Ponorjomahang buku dari buku-buku yang ditulis dalang bahasa Yunani, bahasa Lating, bahasa Persia, dang bahasa Arab. Jonis buku yang ditorjomahkang dang disodiakang dalang porpustakaang yaitu buku mongonai orang-orang torkonal dang buku mongonai pengobatang dang kodokterang.<ref name=":4" /> == Komatiang == Muhammad al-Pati moninggal pada tanggal 3 Mei 1481 M. Ia moninggal dalang porjalanang untuk mongadakang poporangang di Anatolia.<ref>Ágoston, G., dang Masters, B. A. (2009) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_the_Ottoman_Empire/QjzYdCxumFcC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Mehmed+II+Dead&pg=PA368&printsec=frontcover Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris) Facts On File. Hlm. 368.</ref> Ponyobak komatiang Muhammad al-Pati tidak dikotahui dengang pasti. Namun dugaan yang kuak yang monjadi ponyobak komatiannya adala racung.<ref>Suryo Hadi Kusumo (Oktoberek 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Dunia_Lengkap/YSjnEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Mehmed+II+meninggal&pg=PA145&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Dunia Lengkap: Dari Periode Klasik Sampai Periode Kontemporer]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 145.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|Q34503}} jqtevcue2mu3humpnrj42vzsix45841 0 3827261 7374267 2026-10-25T14:17:52Z JumadilM 2556400 mombuak halamang baru 7374267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mfp]] '''Jing''' adala sala satu mahluk ciptaanna Allah yang torbuak dari nyalana api. Dalang ajarang Islang, koboradaang jing dan duniana morupakang sala satu tanda bagi konabiang Muhammad. Jing momiliki jonis kolaming dang kobiasaang hiduk soporti manusia yaitu makang, minung, borkombang-biak, bokorja, sorta bolajar tontang agama untuk monyomba Allah. Namung jing morupakang sala satu mahluk ciptaanna Allah yang diberi kobebasang untuk memilih taak atau kupur kopada Allah sohingga ada jing yang musling dang ada tong yang kapir. Dalang hadis sahih diriwayakkang bahwa ada jing yang hiduk bormuking dan ada tong yang hiduk borpinda-pinda. == Ponamaang dang kodudukanna dalang koyakinang == Jing dalang ajarang Islang morupakang mahluk gaik.<ref>Darusmanwiati, Aep Saepulloh (2014) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengintip_Alam_Gaib/ZmaQDQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA12&printsec=frontcover Mengintip Alam Gaib]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Rofarif, J., dang Qamaruddin SF. Jakarta: Serambi Ilmu Semesta. Hlm. 12. ISBN 978-602-1687-01-7.</ref> Dalang ajarang Islang, koboradaang jing dan duniana morupakang sala satu tanda bagi konabiang Muhammad.<ref>Taimiyah, I., dan Aziz, A. (Juli 2006) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Islam_jin_dan_santet/U4DmOpRogWkC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin&pg=PA51&printsec=frontcover Islam, Jin dan Santet]''. Diuba-sosuaikang ole Subhan. [Ad Dalil wal Burhan ala Shari'il lil Insan: Risaalah fi Hukmis Sihri wal Kahaanati] Ditorjomahkang ole Jamad, H. A., dang Hadna, M. M. Depok: Gema Insani. Hlm. 51. ISBN 979-561-314-6</ref> Di dalang Al-Qur'ang, jing solalu disobukkan borkaitang dengang hubunganna dengang manusia.<ref>Saeed, Abdullah (Juni 2020) ''[https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/40696/1/PENGANTAR%20%20STUDI%20AL%20QUR'AN.pdf Pengantar Studi al-Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). DIuba-sosuaikang ole Prabowo, M. N., dang Iwanebel, F. Y. Bantul: Baitul Hikmah Press. Hlm. 91. ISBN 978-602-74508-1-3.</ref> Sobanyak 17 ayak di dalang 9 surak di dalang Al-Qur'ang solalu monyobukkan manusia dang jing socara borsamaang. Sobanyak 10 ayak monyobukkan jing dulu baru manusia. Sodangkan sisana monyobukkan manusia dulu baru jing.<ref>Salminawati (Septemberek 2016) ''[http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/8784/1/4.%20BUKU%20FILSAFAT%20PENDIDIKAN%20ISLAM.pdf Filsafat Pendidikan Islam: Membangun Konsep Pendidikan yang Islami]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Nasution, Sahkholid. Bandung: Citapustaka Media Perintis. Hlm. 36. ISBN 978-602-9377-15-6.</ref> == Bahang pambuak dang bontukna == Ponciptaang jing ole Allah dilakukang sotolah solosai monciptakang Langik dang Bumi.<ref>Sani, Ridwan Abdullah (Feberuari 2014) ''[https://digilib.unimed.ac.id/id/eprint/1611/1/Fulltext.pdf Sains Berbasis Al-Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Nusroh, Nur Laily. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Hlm. 23. ISBN 978-602-217-405-9.</ref> Jing adala mahluk ciptaanna Allah yang torbuak dari api.<ref>Mahmud, Sa'ad Yusuf (Januari 2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Semua_Ada_Haknya/fRtYEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Semua Ada Haknya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yasir, Muhamad. [Mausu'ah Al-Huquq Al-Islamiyyah] Ditorjomahkang ole Nurdin, Ali. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 31. ISBN 978-979-592-919-2.</ref> Ponciptaan jing ole Allah dibuak borbeda dengang malaekak dan manusia.<ref>Prayitno, Irwan (2002) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Hizbus_syaithan/KZ1tAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Jin+Islam&dq=Jin+Islam&printsec=frontcover Hizbus Syaithan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Pustaka Tarbiatuna. Hlm. 2.</ref> Jing tidak mompunyai jasak soporti manusia.<ref>Bakhtiar, Nurhasanah (Feberuari 2018) ''[https://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/26099/1/Buku%20Pendidikan%20Agama%20Islam%20di%20Perguruan%20Tinggi%20Umum.pdf Pendidikan Agama Islam di Perguruan Tinggi Umum]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Salemang: Aswaja Pressindo. Hlm. 29. ISBN 978-602-18663-1-3.</ref> Bahang pombuakna jing adalah nyala api.<ref>Adam, Sultan (2018) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ruqyah_Syar_iyyah_Terapi_Mandiri_Penyaki/prBfDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin&pg=PA23&printsec=frontcover Ruqyah Syar`iyyah: Terapi Mandiri Penyakit Hati dan Gangguan Jin]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 23. ISBN 978-602-04-5726-0.</ref> Dalang Surak Ar-Rahman ayak ke-31 disobukkan bahwa manusia dan jing morupakang dua mahluk yang punya bontuk tubu.<ref name=":1">Mujieb, A., Syafi'ah dang Ismail M., A. (Septemberek 2009) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedia_Tasawuf_Imam_Al_Ghazali/jYeK_YpdUloC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA43&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedia Tasawuf Imam Al-Ghazali]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Junaedi, Luqman. Jakarta Salatang: Penerbit Hikmah. Hlm. 43. ISBN 978-979-3714-47-9.</ref> Manusia tidak dapak molihak jing dalang bontuk aslina.<ref>Tambusai, Musdar Bustamam (Agustusuk 2013) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Halal_Haram_Ruqyah/O9grEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA411&printsec=frontcover Halal-Haram Ruqyah: Tuntunan Syariah Mengatasi Sihir, Gangguan Jin dan Berbagai Penyakit Rohani dan Jasmani]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hasmand, Fedrian. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 411. ISBN 978-979-592-639-9.</ref> Allah tolah monghondaki agar jing tidak dapak tampak dalang ponglihatang manusia. Kohondak Allah torsobuk dinyatakang dalang Surak Al-A'raf ayak ke-27.<ref name=":0">Asy-Sya'rawi, Muhammad Mutawalli. (Mare' 2007) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Anda_Bertanya_Islam_Menjawab/3RVRHsA9xsIC?hl=id&gbpv=1&pg=PA23&printsec=frontcover Anda Bertanya Islam Menjawab]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) [Anta Tas'alu wa Islaamu Yujiibu] Diitorjomahkang ole Almansyur, Abu Abdillah. Depok: Gema Insani. Hlm. 101–102. ISBN 979-561-234-4.</ref> Jing hanya dapak dilihak ole manusia kotika borubah bontuk monjadi mahluk yang bisa dilihak oleh matana manusia.<ref>Sudiyono dang Purweni, R. (Agustusuk 2018) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Eksistensi_Dunia_Roh/lHr1EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA153&printsec=frontcover Eksistensi Dunia Roh]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi. Hlm. 153. ISBN 978-623-314-448-3.</ref> == Sipak-sipakna == === Jonis kolaming dang kobiasaang hiduk soporti manusia === Jing momiliki jonis kolaming sama soporti manusia. Jonis kolaming jing yaitu laki-laki dang porompuang.<ref>As-Suyuthy (Oktoberek 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Alam_Jin/hDa2DwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover Alam Jin]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Darul Falah. Hlm. 29.</ref> Kobiasaang hiduk dari jing sama soporti manusia yaitu makang, minung, dang borkombang-biak.<ref>Stork, Mokhtar. (2012) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Panduan_A_Z_Memahami_Al_Qur_an/UUdODwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA215&printsec=frontcover Panduan A-Z Memahami Al-Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 215. ISBN 978-979-22-7737-1</ref> Solaing itu, ada tong jing yang bokorja, bolajar tontang agama dan monyomba Allah sama soporti manusia.<ref>Kandito, Argawi (Mare' 2011) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Menguak_Tabir_Kematian/k3aZDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover Menguak Tabir Kematian]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Bantul: Pustaka Pesantren. Hlm. 119. ISBN 978-979-8452-60-4.</ref> === Monyorang dang mongganggu manusia === Jing dapat monyorang manusia kotika borubah bontuk monjadi binatang atau manusia.<ref name=":0" /> Namung dalam ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa tordapak satu malaekak yang ditugaskang ole Allah untuk monjaga sotiak manusia dari jing yang borniak monyakiti manusia.<ref>al-Asyqar, Umar Sulaiman (2017) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Rahasia_Alam_Malaikat_Jin_dan_Setan/jS5xDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover Rahasia Alam Malaikat, Jin dan Setan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diubah-sosuaikang ole Tim Qishti Press. [Alam al-Mala'ikah al-Abrar & Alam al-Jinn wa asy-Syayathin] Jakarta: Qisthi Press. Hlm. 5–6. ISBN 978-979-1303-89-7</ref> Solaing itu, tordapak ayak-ayak di dalang Al-Qur'ang yang dapak dijadikang doa untuk molindungi diri dari gangguang jing. Jing juga lomah kopada manusia yang rajing boribada dang monghindari porilaku yang dilarang ole agama.<ref>Afendi, Rohmat (Juli 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Panduan_Praktis_Ruqyah_Mengusir_Jin_dan/OHfMEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover Panduan Praktis Ruqyah Mengusir Jin dan Sihir dengan sunnah Nabi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Saraz Ruqyah. Hlm. 20.</ref> === Mombantu manusia dalang amal buruk === Dalang Surak Al-Jin disobukkan bahwa boborapa manusia monjadikang jing sobagai ponolong. Pormintaang manusia kopada jing ini mombuak manusia berbuat dosa dan mongalami kosulitang. Ayak ini monjolaskang bahwa manusia yang mominta tolong kopada jing morupakang manusia yang borbuak kojahatang dang akang monyusahkang manusia sondiri korana durhaka kopada Allah.<ref>Shihab, M. Quraisy. (Januari 2017) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Seri_Makhluk_Ghaib_Jin_dalam_Al_Quran_Ne/OXB-EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover Makhluk Gaib: Jin dalam Al-Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Andini, Siti Nur. Ciputak: Penerbit Lentera Hati Hlm. 119. ISBN 978-602-7713-19-7.</ref> Mominta portolongang solaing kopada Allah morupakang sala satu tanda orang yang tidak borimang. <ref>Noegroho, Ipnu R. (Mare' 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Dasar_dasar_Memahami_Iman_Islam_dan_ihsa/eGs-EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA10&printsec=frontcover Dasar-dasar Memahami Iman, Islam, dan Ihsan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 10. ISBN 978-623-244-864-3.</ref> == Koimanang == [[File:072011_Al-Jinn_UrduScript.jpg|thumb|Ayak ke-11 dalang Surak Al-Jinn yang monyatakan bahwa ada jing yang musling dang ada jing yang kafir.]] Jing adalah sala satu mahluk ciptaang Allah solaing manusia yang diporintahkang untuk monyomba Allah.<ref>Sanusi, U., dang Suryadi, R. A. (Mare' 2018) ''[https://repository.deepublish.com/media/publications/588332-kenali-dirimu-upaya-memahami-manusia-dal-84feb1fe.pdf Kenali Dirimu: Upaya Memahami Manusia dalam Al-Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Deepublish. Hlm. 111. ISBN 978-602-280-559-5.</ref> Tujuang ponciptaang jing sama soporti tujuanna manusia diciptakang.<ref>Al Kautsar, Mochamad Mujadid (Oktoberek 2023) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ruqyah_Syar_Iyah_untuk_Gangguan_Jin_Sihi/M0ziEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover ''Ruqyah Syar`Iyah untuk Gangguan Jin, Sihir, Hasad dan `Ain''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Duniawati, Nia. Indoramayu: Penerbit Adab. Hlm. 52. ISBN 978-623-162-416-1.</ref> Surak Az-Zariyat ayak ke-56 monyobukkan bahwa tujuanna jing diciptakang oleh Allah adala untuk monyomba Allah.<ref>Idris, Saifullah (Mare' 2017) ''[https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/1244/1/Saifullah-Internalisasi%20Nilai-Full%20OKE.pdf Internalisasi Nilai dalam Pendidikan: Konsep dan Kerangka Pembelajaran dalam Pendidikan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Susanto. Yogyakarta: Darussalam Publishing. Hlm. 98–99. ISBN 978-602-71602-5-5.</ref> Kowajibang jing sama dengang manusia yaitu mongesakang Allah dang tidak momiliki sokutu bagi Allah.<ref>Ash-Shallabi, Ali Muhammad (Desemberek 2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Adam/5tXBEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA138&printsec=frontcover Adam: Penciptaan Manusia Pertama]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Zirzis, Achmad. [Qishshah Bad'i Al-Khalq wa Khalqu Adam Alaihissalam] Ditorjomahkang ole Irham, M., dang Supar, M. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 138. ISBN 978-623-173-001-5.</ref> Jing morupakang sala satu mahluk ciptaanna Allah yang diberi kobebasang untuk memilih taak atau kupur kopada Allah.<ref>Suryana, Jajang (Juni 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Ajar_Pendidikan_Agama_Islam_Untuk_P/V_J0EQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA37&printsec=frontcover Buku Ajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Untuk Perguruan Tinggi Umum]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Depok: Rajawali Pers. Hlm. 37. ISBN 978-602-425-369-1.</ref> Dalang ajarang Islam dikotahui bahwa ada jing yang kapir dan ada jing yang musling.<ref>Mubarak, A. Zaki. (Oktoberek 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Islam_Faktual/TdW1DwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA370&printsec=frontcover Islam Faktual: Ajaran, Pemikiran, Pendidikan, Politik dan Terorisme]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Depok: Ganding Pustaka. Hlm. 370. ISBN 978-602-650-530-9.</ref> Kotorangang mongonai adana jing yang musling dan jing yang kapir disobbukkan dalang Surak Al-Jin ayak ke-11.<ref>Najamudin dang Anwar, S. ( Mei 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Integrasi_Akidah_dan_Akhlak_Pondasi_Kuat/Bk4KEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA94&printsec=frontcover Integrasi Akidah dan Akhlak: Pondasi Kuat untuk Kehidupan Bermakna]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Selat Media. Hlm. 94. ISBN 978-623-848-676-2.</ref> Jing yang kapir morupakang jing yang ingkar kopada Allah sodangkang jing yang musling morupakang jing yang taak kopada Allah.<ref>Wahid, Abdul (Desemberek 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pendidikan_Agama_Islam/WE4CEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover Pendidikan Agama Islam: Wawasan Keislaman Untuk Perguruan Tinggi Umum dan Kesehataan di Era Milenial]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Kencana. Hlm. 2. ISBN 978-623-384-563-2.</ref> [[File:007179_Al-Araf_UrduScript.jpg|thumb|Surak Al-A'raf ayak ke-179 yang monyatakang bahwa jing yang monolak torhadap ayak-ayak Allah dimasukkang dalang jahannang borsama manusia yang sama sikakna.]] Koboradaang jing musling tordapak pornyataanna di dalang Al-Qur'ang.<ref>Effendy, Mochtar (2001) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedi_agama_dan_filsafat/vsPXAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Jin+Islam&dq=Jin+Islam&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedi Agama dan Filsafat Volume 3]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Penerbit Universitas Sriwijaya. Hlm. 81.</ref> Ayak di dalang Al-Qur'ang yang borkaitang dengang adana jing musling adalah Surak Al-Isra' ayak ke-57.<ref>Al-Albani, M. N., dang Al-Utsaimin, Muhammad bin Shalih. (Agustusuk 2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Perantara_Terkabulnya_Do_a_Tawassul/byjWDAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA12&printsec=frontcover Perantara Terkabulnya Doa (Tawassul)]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Makesen, Muhammad Hirdhan. Ditorjomahkang ole Abadi, F., dang Fidayanto, R. Jakarta Timur: Penerbit Akbar Media. Hlm. 12. ISBN 979-9533-52-X.</ref> Dalang hadis-hadis yang tormasuk hadis sahih disobukkan bahwa Muhammad sobagai nabbi dalang Islang pernah borbicara dengang para jing dang ada boborapa di antara jing yang monjadi musling.<ref>As-Sayyid, Ali Murtadha. (Juli 2005) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Bagaimana_Menolak_Sihir/I11guqR7bkUC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA145&printsec=frontcover Bagaimana Menolak Sihir]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Anggora, Arif. Depok: Gema Insani. Hlm. 145. ISBN 979-561-896-2.</ref> Solaing jing musling, ada tong jing yang momoluk agama Kristeng, Yahudi dang agama lainna monuruk ajarang agama Islang.<ref name=":1" /> Dalang Surak Al-A'raf ayak ke-179 disobukkan bahwa jing yang monolak torhadap ayak-ayak Allah dimasukkang dalang jahannang borsama manusia yang sikakna sama soporti moreka. Ponolakang jing dang manusia dalang ayak ini berupa tidak mau momahami ayak-ayak Allah padahal sudah diborikang hati sama Allah. Jing dang manusia juga dimasukkang ke dalang Jahannang korana tidak mau molihak tanda-tanda kokuasaanna Allah padahal sudah diborikang mata sama Allah. Solaing itu, jing dang manusia juga dimasukkang ke dalang Jahannang korana tidak mau mondongarkang ayak-ayak Allah padahal sudah diborikang tolinga sama Allah.<ref>Hamid, Hamdani (Juli 2012) ''[https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/gdcovop/2013341276/2013341276.pdf Pemikiran Modern dalam Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Jakarta Pusak: Subdit Kelembagaaan Direktorat Pendidikan Tingggi Islam. Hlm. 11–12. ISBN 978-602-7774-31-5.</ref> == Tompak tinggalna == Jing morupakang sala satu mahluk yang tolah monghuni pormukaang Bumi sobolum manusia tinggal di pormukaang Bumi. Di pormukaang Bumi, jing tolah hiduk borsama dengang tumbuhang dan binatang sobolum hidup borsama manusia.<ref>Rahmat, A., Hunadar, J., dang Agustini (Oktoberek 2022) ''[http://repository.uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/2474/1/Dummy%20Fungsi%20Manusia.pdf Fungsi Manusia di Bumi Menurut Al-Qur’an: Suatu Kajian Tafsir Tematis]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Harahap, Rindom. Jakarta Barak: Rumah Literasi Publishing. Hlm. 7.</ref> Dalang hadis sahih yang diriwayakkang ole Ibnu Abi Dunya disobukkan bahwa ada jing yang hiduk bormuking dan ada tong yang hiduk borpinda-pinda.<ref>El-Fikri, Syahruddin (Mei 2016) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/SITUS_SITUS_DALAM_ALQURAN/BujhDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA69&printsec=frontcover Situs-situs dalam Al-Qur'an: Dari Hebron Hingga Borobudur]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Andriyati. Jakarta: Republika Penerbit. Hlm. 69. ISBN 978-623-279-037-7.</ref> Dalang sobuah hadis yang driwayakkang ole Zaid bin Arqam dikotahui bahwa jing monjadikang tompak-tompak yang torkona nakjisik sobagai tompak tinggalna. Tompak tinggalna jing dikotahui sotolah Muhammad sobagai nabbi dalang Islang mongajarkan doa sobolum masuk ke tompak buang air dengang mominta porlindungan dari Allah torhadap setang laki-laki maupung setang porompuang.<ref>As-Syahawi, Majdi Muhammad (Mei 2007) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Rahasia_Alam_Mimpi/HP5Ur90V_08C?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover Mengusir Jin dari Rumah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Arifin, Azus. [Thari Al-Jin Masakin Al-Ins] Ditorjomahkan ole Asy-Syafi'i, Imtihan. Solo: Pustaka Arafah. Hlm. 19. ISBN 978-979-3746-62-3.</ref> == Rujukanna == <references /> bstqvm6xfzogwftaqsem62do8gy54o8 7374268 7374267 2026-10-25T14:18:52Z JumadilM 2556400 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q3465]] 7374268 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mfp]] '''Jing''' adala sala satu mahluk ciptaanna Allah yang torbuak dari nyalana api. Dalang ajarang Islang, koboradaang jing dan duniana morupakang sala satu tanda bagi konabiang Muhammad. Jing momiliki jonis kolaming dang kobiasaang hiduk soporti manusia yaitu makang, minung, borkombang-biak, bokorja, sorta bolajar tontang agama untuk monyomba Allah. Namung jing morupakang sala satu mahluk ciptaanna Allah yang diberi kobebasang untuk memilih taak atau kupur kopada Allah sohingga ada jing yang musling dang ada tong yang kapir. Dalang hadis sahih diriwayakkang bahwa ada jing yang hiduk bormuking dan ada tong yang hiduk borpinda-pinda. == Ponamaang dang kodudukanna dalang koyakinang == Jing dalang ajarang Islang morupakang mahluk gaik.<ref>Darusmanwiati, Aep Saepulloh (2014) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengintip_Alam_Gaib/ZmaQDQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA12&printsec=frontcover Mengintip Alam Gaib]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Rofarif, J., dang Qamaruddin SF. Jakarta: Serambi Ilmu Semesta. Hlm. 12. ISBN 978-602-1687-01-7.</ref> Dalang ajarang Islang, koboradaang jing dan duniana morupakang sala satu tanda bagi konabiang Muhammad.<ref>Taimiyah, I., dan Aziz, A. (Juli 2006) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Islam_jin_dan_santet/U4DmOpRogWkC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin&pg=PA51&printsec=frontcover Islam, Jin dan Santet]''. Diuba-sosuaikang ole Subhan. [Ad Dalil wal Burhan ala Shari'il lil Insan: Risaalah fi Hukmis Sihri wal Kahaanati] Ditorjomahkang ole Jamad, H. A., dang Hadna, M. M. Depok: Gema Insani. Hlm. 51. ISBN 979-561-314-6</ref> Di dalang Al-Qur'ang, jing solalu disobukkan borkaitang dengang hubunganna dengang manusia.<ref>Saeed, Abdullah (Juni 2020) ''[https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/40696/1/PENGANTAR%20%20STUDI%20AL%20QUR'AN.pdf Pengantar Studi al-Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). DIuba-sosuaikang ole Prabowo, M. N., dang Iwanebel, F. Y. Bantul: Baitul Hikmah Press. Hlm. 91. ISBN 978-602-74508-1-3.</ref> Sobanyak 17 ayak di dalang 9 surak di dalang Al-Qur'ang solalu monyobukkan manusia dang jing socara borsamaang. Sobanyak 10 ayak monyobukkan jing dulu baru manusia. Sodangkan sisana monyobukkan manusia dulu baru jing.<ref>Salminawati (Septemberek 2016) ''[http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/8784/1/4.%20BUKU%20FILSAFAT%20PENDIDIKAN%20ISLAM.pdf Filsafat Pendidikan Islam: Membangun Konsep Pendidikan yang Islami]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Nasution, Sahkholid. Bandung: Citapustaka Media Perintis. Hlm. 36. ISBN 978-602-9377-15-6.</ref> == Bahang pambuak dang bontukna == Ponciptaang jing ole Allah dilakukang sotolah solosai monciptakang Langik dang Bumi.<ref>Sani, Ridwan Abdullah (Feberuari 2014) ''[https://digilib.unimed.ac.id/id/eprint/1611/1/Fulltext.pdf Sains Berbasis Al-Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Nusroh, Nur Laily. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Hlm. 23. ISBN 978-602-217-405-9.</ref> Jing adala mahluk ciptaanna Allah yang torbuak dari api.<ref>Mahmud, Sa'ad Yusuf (Januari 2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Semua_Ada_Haknya/fRtYEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Semua Ada Haknya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yasir, Muhamad. [Mausu'ah Al-Huquq Al-Islamiyyah] Ditorjomahkang ole Nurdin, Ali. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 31. ISBN 978-979-592-919-2.</ref> Ponciptaan jing ole Allah dibuak borbeda dengang malaekak dan manusia.<ref>Prayitno, Irwan (2002) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Hizbus_syaithan/KZ1tAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Jin+Islam&dq=Jin+Islam&printsec=frontcover Hizbus Syaithan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Pustaka Tarbiatuna. Hlm. 2.</ref> Jing tidak mompunyai jasak soporti manusia.<ref>Bakhtiar, Nurhasanah (Feberuari 2018) ''[https://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/26099/1/Buku%20Pendidikan%20Agama%20Islam%20di%20Perguruan%20Tinggi%20Umum.pdf Pendidikan Agama Islam di Perguruan Tinggi Umum]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Salemang: Aswaja Pressindo. Hlm. 29. ISBN 978-602-18663-1-3.</ref> Bahang pombuakna jing adalah nyala api.<ref>Adam, Sultan (2018) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ruqyah_Syar_iyyah_Terapi_Mandiri_Penyaki/prBfDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin&pg=PA23&printsec=frontcover Ruqyah Syar`iyyah: Terapi Mandiri Penyakit Hati dan Gangguan Jin]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 23. ISBN 978-602-04-5726-0.</ref> Dalang Surak Ar-Rahman ayak ke-31 disobukkan bahwa manusia dan jing morupakang dua mahluk yang punya bontuk tubu.<ref name=":1">Mujieb, A., Syafi'ah dang Ismail M., A. (Septemberek 2009) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedia_Tasawuf_Imam_Al_Ghazali/jYeK_YpdUloC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA43&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedia Tasawuf Imam Al-Ghazali]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Junaedi, Luqman. Jakarta Salatang: Penerbit Hikmah. Hlm. 43. ISBN 978-979-3714-47-9.</ref> Manusia tidak dapak molihak jing dalang bontuk aslina.<ref>Tambusai, Musdar Bustamam (Agustusuk 2013) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Halal_Haram_Ruqyah/O9grEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA411&printsec=frontcover Halal-Haram Ruqyah: Tuntunan Syariah Mengatasi Sihir, Gangguan Jin dan Berbagai Penyakit Rohani dan Jasmani]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hasmand, Fedrian. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 411. ISBN 978-979-592-639-9.</ref> Allah tolah monghondaki agar jing tidak dapak tampak dalang ponglihatang manusia. Kohondak Allah torsobuk dinyatakang dalang Surak Al-A'raf ayak ke-27.<ref name=":0">Asy-Sya'rawi, Muhammad Mutawalli. (Mare' 2007) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Anda_Bertanya_Islam_Menjawab/3RVRHsA9xsIC?hl=id&gbpv=1&pg=PA23&printsec=frontcover Anda Bertanya Islam Menjawab]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) [Anta Tas'alu wa Islaamu Yujiibu] Diitorjomahkang ole Almansyur, Abu Abdillah. Depok: Gema Insani. Hlm. 101–102. ISBN 979-561-234-4.</ref> Jing hanya dapak dilihak ole manusia kotika borubah bontuk monjadi mahluk yang bisa dilihak oleh matana manusia.<ref>Sudiyono dang Purweni, R. (Agustusuk 2018) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Eksistensi_Dunia_Roh/lHr1EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA153&printsec=frontcover Eksistensi Dunia Roh]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi. Hlm. 153. ISBN 978-623-314-448-3.</ref> == Sipak-sipakna == === Jonis kolaming dang kobiasaang hiduk soporti manusia === Jing momiliki jonis kolaming sama soporti manusia. Jonis kolaming jing yaitu laki-laki dang porompuang.<ref>As-Suyuthy (Oktoberek 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Alam_Jin/hDa2DwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover Alam Jin]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Darul Falah. Hlm. 29.</ref> Kobiasaang hiduk dari jing sama soporti manusia yaitu makang, minung, dang borkombang-biak.<ref>Stork, Mokhtar. (2012) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Panduan_A_Z_Memahami_Al_Qur_an/UUdODwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA215&printsec=frontcover Panduan A-Z Memahami Al-Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 215. ISBN 978-979-22-7737-1</ref> Solaing itu, ada tong jing yang bokorja, bolajar tontang agama dan monyomba Allah sama soporti manusia.<ref>Kandito, Argawi (Mare' 2011) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Menguak_Tabir_Kematian/k3aZDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover Menguak Tabir Kematian]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Bantul: Pustaka Pesantren. Hlm. 119. ISBN 978-979-8452-60-4.</ref> === Monyorang dang mongganggu manusia === Jing dapat monyorang manusia kotika borubah bontuk monjadi binatang atau manusia.<ref name=":0" /> Namung dalam ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa tordapak satu malaekak yang ditugaskang ole Allah untuk monjaga sotiak manusia dari jing yang borniak monyakiti manusia.<ref>al-Asyqar, Umar Sulaiman (2017) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Rahasia_Alam_Malaikat_Jin_dan_Setan/jS5xDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover Rahasia Alam Malaikat, Jin dan Setan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diubah-sosuaikang ole Tim Qishti Press. [Alam al-Mala'ikah al-Abrar & Alam al-Jinn wa asy-Syayathin] Jakarta: Qisthi Press. Hlm. 5–6. ISBN 978-979-1303-89-7</ref> Solaing itu, tordapak ayak-ayak di dalang Al-Qur'ang yang dapak dijadikang doa untuk molindungi diri dari gangguang jing. Jing juga lomah kopada manusia yang rajing boribada dang monghindari porilaku yang dilarang ole agama.<ref>Afendi, Rohmat (Juli 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Panduan_Praktis_Ruqyah_Mengusir_Jin_dan/OHfMEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover Panduan Praktis Ruqyah Mengusir Jin dan Sihir dengan sunnah Nabi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Saraz Ruqyah. Hlm. 20.</ref> === Mombantu manusia dalang amal buruk === Dalang Surak Al-Jin disobukkan bahwa boborapa manusia monjadikang jing sobagai ponolong. Pormintaang manusia kopada jing ini mombuak manusia berbuat dosa dan mongalami kosulitang. Ayak ini monjolaskang bahwa manusia yang mominta tolong kopada jing morupakang manusia yang borbuak kojahatang dang akang monyusahkang manusia sondiri korana durhaka kopada Allah.<ref>Shihab, M. Quraisy. (Januari 2017) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Seri_Makhluk_Ghaib_Jin_dalam_Al_Quran_Ne/OXB-EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin&pg=PA119&printsec=frontcover Makhluk Gaib: Jin dalam Al-Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Andini, Siti Nur. Ciputak: Penerbit Lentera Hati Hlm. 119. ISBN 978-602-7713-19-7.</ref> Mominta portolongang solaing kopada Allah morupakang sala satu tanda orang yang tidak borimang. <ref>Noegroho, Ipnu R. (Mare' 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Dasar_dasar_Memahami_Iman_Islam_dan_ihsa/eGs-EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA10&printsec=frontcover Dasar-dasar Memahami Iman, Islam, dan Ihsan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 10. ISBN 978-623-244-864-3.</ref> == Koimanang == [[File:072011_Al-Jinn_UrduScript.jpg|thumb|Ayak ke-11 dalang Surak Al-Jinn yang monyatakan bahwa ada jing yang musling dang ada jing yang kafir.]] Jing adalah sala satu mahluk ciptaang Allah solaing manusia yang diporintahkang untuk monyomba Allah.<ref>Sanusi, U., dang Suryadi, R. A. (Mare' 2018) ''[https://repository.deepublish.com/media/publications/588332-kenali-dirimu-upaya-memahami-manusia-dal-84feb1fe.pdf Kenali Dirimu: Upaya Memahami Manusia dalam Al-Qur'an]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Deepublish. Hlm. 111. ISBN 978-602-280-559-5.</ref> Tujuang ponciptaang jing sama soporti tujuanna manusia diciptakang.<ref>Al Kautsar, Mochamad Mujadid (Oktoberek 2023) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ruqyah_Syar_Iyah_untuk_Gangguan_Jin_Sihi/M0ziEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover ''Ruqyah Syar`Iyah untuk Gangguan Jin, Sihir, Hasad dan `Ain''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Duniawati, Nia. Indoramayu: Penerbit Adab. Hlm. 52. ISBN 978-623-162-416-1.</ref> Surak Az-Zariyat ayak ke-56 monyobukkan bahwa tujuanna jing diciptakang oleh Allah adala untuk monyomba Allah.<ref>Idris, Saifullah (Mare' 2017) ''[https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/1244/1/Saifullah-Internalisasi%20Nilai-Full%20OKE.pdf Internalisasi Nilai dalam Pendidikan: Konsep dan Kerangka Pembelajaran dalam Pendidikan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Susanto. Yogyakarta: Darussalam Publishing. Hlm. 98–99. ISBN 978-602-71602-5-5.</ref> Kowajibang jing sama dengang manusia yaitu mongesakang Allah dang tidak momiliki sokutu bagi Allah.<ref>Ash-Shallabi, Ali Muhammad (Desemberek 2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Adam/5tXBEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA138&printsec=frontcover Adam: Penciptaan Manusia Pertama]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Zirzis, Achmad. [Qishshah Bad'i Al-Khalq wa Khalqu Adam Alaihissalam] Ditorjomahkang ole Irham, M., dang Supar, M. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 138. ISBN 978-623-173-001-5.</ref> Jing morupakang sala satu mahluk ciptaanna Allah yang diberi kobebasang untuk memilih taak atau kupur kopada Allah.<ref>Suryana, Jajang (Juni 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Ajar_Pendidikan_Agama_Islam_Untuk_P/V_J0EQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA37&printsec=frontcover Buku Ajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Untuk Perguruan Tinggi Umum]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Depok: Rajawali Pers. Hlm. 37. ISBN 978-602-425-369-1.</ref> Dalang ajarang Islam dikotahui bahwa ada jing yang kapir dan ada jing yang musling.<ref>Mubarak, A. Zaki. (Oktoberek 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Islam_Faktual/TdW1DwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA370&printsec=frontcover Islam Faktual: Ajaran, Pemikiran, Pendidikan, Politik dan Terorisme]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Depok: Ganding Pustaka. Hlm. 370. ISBN 978-602-650-530-9.</ref> Kotorangang mongonai adana jing yang musling dan jing yang kapir disobbukkan dalang Surak Al-Jin ayak ke-11.<ref>Najamudin dang Anwar, S. ( Mei 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Integrasi_Akidah_dan_Akhlak_Pondasi_Kuat/Bk4KEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA94&printsec=frontcover Integrasi Akidah dan Akhlak: Pondasi Kuat untuk Kehidupan Bermakna]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Selat Media. Hlm. 94. ISBN 978-623-848-676-2.</ref> Jing yang kapir morupakang jing yang ingkar kopada Allah sodangkang jing yang musling morupakang jing yang taak kopada Allah.<ref>Wahid, Abdul (Desemberek 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pendidikan_Agama_Islam/WE4CEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover Pendidikan Agama Islam: Wawasan Keislaman Untuk Perguruan Tinggi Umum dan Kesehataan di Era Milenial]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Kencana. Hlm. 2. ISBN 978-623-384-563-2.</ref> [[File:007179_Al-Araf_UrduScript.jpg|thumb|Surak Al-A'raf ayak ke-179 yang monyatakang bahwa jing yang monolak torhadap ayak-ayak Allah dimasukkang dalang jahannang borsama manusia yang sama sikakna.]] Koboradaang jing musling tordapak pornyataanna di dalang Al-Qur'ang.<ref>Effendy, Mochtar (2001) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedi_agama_dan_filsafat/vsPXAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Jin+Islam&dq=Jin+Islam&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedi Agama dan Filsafat Volume 3]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Penerbit Universitas Sriwijaya. Hlm. 81.</ref> Ayak di dalang Al-Qur'ang yang borkaitang dengang adana jing musling adalah Surak Al-Isra' ayak ke-57.<ref>Al-Albani, M. N., dang Al-Utsaimin, Muhammad bin Shalih. (Agustusuk 2015) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Perantara_Terkabulnya_Do_a_Tawassul/byjWDAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA12&printsec=frontcover Perantara Terkabulnya Doa (Tawassul)]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Makesen, Muhammad Hirdhan. Ditorjomahkang ole Abadi, F., dang Fidayanto, R. Jakarta Timur: Penerbit Akbar Media. Hlm. 12. ISBN 979-9533-52-X.</ref> Dalang hadis-hadis yang tormasuk hadis sahih disobukkan bahwa Muhammad sobagai nabbi dalang Islang pernah borbicara dengang para jing dang ada boborapa di antara jing yang monjadi musling.<ref>As-Sayyid, Ali Murtadha. (Juli 2005) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Bagaimana_Menolak_Sihir/I11guqR7bkUC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA145&printsec=frontcover Bagaimana Menolak Sihir]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Anggora, Arif. Depok: Gema Insani. Hlm. 145. ISBN 979-561-896-2.</ref> Solaing jing musling, ada tong jing yang momoluk agama Kristeng, Yahudi dang agama lainna monuruk ajarang agama Islang.<ref name=":1" /> Dalang Surak Al-A'raf ayak ke-179 disobukkan bahwa jing yang monolak torhadap ayak-ayak Allah dimasukkang dalang jahannang borsama manusia yang sikakna sama soporti moreka. Ponolakang jing dang manusia dalang ayak ini berupa tidak mau momahami ayak-ayak Allah padahal sudah diborikang hati sama Allah. Jing dang manusia juga dimasukkang ke dalang Jahannang korana tidak mau molihak tanda-tanda kokuasaanna Allah padahal sudah diborikang mata sama Allah. Solaing itu, jing dang manusia juga dimasukkang ke dalang Jahannang korana tidak mau mondongarkang ayak-ayak Allah padahal sudah diborikang tolinga sama Allah.<ref>Hamid, Hamdani (Juli 2012) ''[https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/gdcovop/2013341276/2013341276.pdf Pemikiran Modern dalam Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Jakarta Pusak: Subdit Kelembagaaan Direktorat Pendidikan Tingggi Islam. Hlm. 11–12. ISBN 978-602-7774-31-5.</ref> == Tompak tinggalna == Jing morupakang sala satu mahluk yang tolah monghuni pormukaang Bumi sobolum manusia tinggal di pormukaang Bumi. Di pormukaang Bumi, jing tolah hiduk borsama dengang tumbuhang dan binatang sobolum hidup borsama manusia.<ref>Rahmat, A., Hunadar, J., dang Agustini (Oktoberek 2022) ''[http://repository.uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/2474/1/Dummy%20Fungsi%20Manusia.pdf Fungsi Manusia di Bumi Menurut Al-Qur’an: Suatu Kajian Tafsir Tematis]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Harahap, Rindom. Jakarta Barak: Rumah Literasi Publishing. Hlm. 7.</ref> Dalang hadis sahih yang diriwayakkang ole Ibnu Abi Dunya disobukkan bahwa ada jing yang hiduk bormuking dan ada tong yang hiduk borpinda-pinda.<ref>El-Fikri, Syahruddin (Mei 2016) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/SITUS_SITUS_DALAM_ALQURAN/BujhDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA69&printsec=frontcover Situs-situs dalam Al-Qur'an: Dari Hebron Hingga Borobudur]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Andriyati. Jakarta: Republika Penerbit. Hlm. 69. ISBN 978-623-279-037-7.</ref> Dalang sobuah hadis yang driwayakkang ole Zaid bin Arqam dikotahui bahwa jing monjadikang tompak-tompak yang torkona nakjisik sobagai tompak tinggalna. Tompak tinggalna jing dikotahui sotolah Muhammad sobagai nabbi dalang Islang mongajarkan doa sobolum masuk ke tompak buang air dengang mominta porlindungan dari Allah torhadap setang laki-laki maupung setang porompuang.<ref>As-Syahawi, Majdi Muhammad (Mei 2007) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Rahasia_Alam_Mimpi/HP5Ur90V_08C?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jin+Islam&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover Mengusir Jin dari Rumah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Arifin, Azus. [Thari Al-Jin Masakin Al-Ins] Ditorjomahkan ole Asy-Syafi'i, Imtihan. Solo: Pustaka Arafah. Hlm. 19. ISBN 978-979-3746-62-3.</ref> == Rujukanna == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|Q3465}} m81icoebolguv375hyhnkb0gnl4g0ek 0 3827262 7374269 2026-10-25T14:20:31Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/خانم یارادیلیر 7374269 wikitext text/x-wiki ==خانم== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #خانِم← [[Wt/azb/باهار دیله|باهار دیلی]] خانیم، [[Wt/azb/قادین|قادین]]. #خانِم← اربابِم، اربابیم، صاحابیم. {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/ms|ms]] * تورکییه : قادین * عربجه : * فارسجا: خانم * باهار دیلی: خانم {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/باهار دیله]] [[En:ms]] [[Fa:خانم]] i4hbvxllgd1ftftdmzn06xkjmkucvse 0 3827263 7374272 2026-10-25T14:22:44Z JumadilM 2556400 mombuak halamang baru 7374272 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844–1922).svg|thumb|Bendera Kosultanang Usmaniya sojak tahung 1844 hingga tahung 1922 M.]] '''Kosultanang Usmaniya''' (1299–1922 M) adala sobua kosultanang yang pornah borkuasa di sobagiang bosar kawasang Asia Kocil dan Eropa Timur pada abak portongahang hingga awal abak ke-20 Masihi. Pondiri Kosultanang Usmaniya adala Usmang bing Ertugurul yang mondirikang Kosultanang Usmaniya pada bokas wilayana Kosultanang Rung. Wilaya kokuasaang Kosultanang Usmaniya mulai mongalami porluasang di kawasang Asia dang Eropa sojak ponaklukang Kustangtinopel pada tahun 1453 M. Namung Kosultanang Usmaniya mulai tidak dapak momporluas wilaya kokuasaanna di kawasang Eropa sojak kokalahang pasukanna dalang Portompurang Wina pada tahun 1683 M. Kosultanang Usmaniya monjaling hubungang luar nogori dengang korajaang-korajaang Islang yang torlotak jau dari wilayah kokuasaanna di wilaya Turki soporti Kosultanang Ace dang Kosultanang Butong. Sojak abak ke-19 Masihi, sisteng pondidikang yang borkombang di wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya moliputi sisteng pondidikang agama molalui maderasa dang sisteng pondidikang sekuler molalui sekola. Koluarga Ponguasa Kosultanang Usmaniya ditotakkang untuk diahiri kokuasaannya pada tanggal 17 Nopemberek 1922 M. Pada tanggal 29 Oktoberek 1922, dibontuk nogara baru bornama Repubelik Turki di wilaya bokas Kosultanang Usmaniya yang monandai borahirna Kosultanan Usmaniya. == Pondiriang == Pada poriode tahung 1252 hingga tahun 1260 M, Hulagu Hang yang borkuasa atas Ilhanak di bagiang barak lauk mongadakang porluasang ke bagiang barak Asia. Hulagu Hang moruakang cucuna Jengis Hang yang ditugaskang untuk monaklukkan bagiang barak lauk Aisa sobagai sala satu jenderal Kokaisarang Mongol. Ilhanak didirikang sobagai nogara torpisa dari Kokaisarang Mongol sotolah Hulagu Hang monghancurkan pomorintahang Kohalipaang Abbasiya di Asia Barak dan komudiang monyorang wilayah Kokaisarang Romawi Timur. Molemanya kokuasaang Kokaisarang Romawi Timur akibak dari serangang Ilhanak ole pasukang Hulagu Hang monjadi ponyobak utama timbulna poluang pondiriang Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref>Huang, Fenglin (2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Teori_bipolar_dunia/7hPzDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PA120&printsec=frontcover Teori Bipolar Dunia: Jalan ke Komunisme Ditemukan dalam Struktur Evolusi Sejarah Dunia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Huang Fenglin. Hlm. 120.</ref> Pondiri Kosultanang Usmaniya adala Usmang bing Ertugurul.<ref>Abu Fatah Grania (2008) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Panglima_surga/MHILAQAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Panglima Surga]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Cicero Pub. Hlm. 342.</ref> Usmang mondirikang Kosultanang Usmaniya sotolah Sultang Rum yang borkuasa di Kosultanang Rung tidak momiliki powaris tahta. Pada wattu torsobuk, Usmang borkodudukang sobagai Gubernur Bursa dalang wilaya kokuasaang Kosultanang Rung. Pada tahun 1299 M, Usmang monyatakang dirina sobagai sultang atas wilaya yang dibori nama Kosultanang Usmaniya. Wilaya awalna Kosultanang Usmaniya moncakuk bokas dari Kosultanang Rung.<ref>Sudjatnika, Tenny. (2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kontribusi_Sejarah_Peradaban_Islam_Terha/bJlyEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Pendiri+Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&pg=PA123&printsec=frontcover Kontribusi Sejarah Peradaban Islam Terhadap Masa Milenial pada Bidang Sastra]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Depok: Rajawali Pers. Hlm. 122–123. ISBN 978-623-372-271-1.</ref> == Wilaya kokuasaang == Wilaya kokuasaang Kosultanang Usmaniya mulai mongalami porluasang di kawasang Asia dang Eropa sojak ponaklukang Kustangtinopel.<ref name=":0">Wibowo, Hamid Sakti (Apirilik 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sultan_Muhammad_Al_Fatih_Penakluk_Kontra/2OULEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&pg=PA75&printsec=frontcover Sultan Muhammad Al Fatih: Penakluk Kontratinopel dan Legenda Kekuatan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yuanita. Soramang: Tiram Media. Hlm. 75.</ref> Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya torjadi pada tahung 1453 M.<ref>Esposito., John L. (1994) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ancaman_Islam_mitos_atau_realitas/BMsxAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Ancaman Islam:Mitos atau Realitas?]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Penerbit Mizan. Hlm. 53.</ref> Porluasan wilaya kokuasaang Kosultanang Usmaniya torjadi korana Kokaisarang Romawi Timur dengang pusak pomorintahanna di Kustangtinopel yang morupakang posaing polikna tolah runtu. Koruntuhang Kokaisarang Romawi Timur mombuak Kosultanang Usmaniya loluasa momorinta di kawasang sokitar Asia dang Eropa.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:OttomanEmpireMain.png|thumb|Wilaya torluasna Kosultanang Usmaniya pada tahung 1683 M.]] Porluasang wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya secara bosar-bosarang torjadi pada masa kokuasaang Sultang Sulaimang I pada abak ke-16 Masihi. Sulaimang I borkuasa sobagai Sultang Usmaniya sojak tahung 1520 M hingga 1566 M. Solama masa kokuasaanna, wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya moncakuk Eropa Tonggara, Asia Barak, dang Apirika Utara.<ref>Mariyono, Dwi (Oktoberek 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/SEJARAH_KEBUDAYAAN_ISLAM_Masa_Lalu_Kini/zP8yEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PA68&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam: Masa Lalu, Kini dan yang Akan Datang]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Kelateng: Nas Media Pustaka. Hlm. 68.</ref> Cakupang torluas dari wilaya Kosultanang Usmani moliputi sobagiang bosar Eropa Timur dang Eropa Tenggara, soluru Kaukasus di Asia Barak, sobagiang kocil Timur Tonga dang sobagiang kocil Apirika Utara.<ref>Butar-Butar, Arwin Juli Rakhmadi (Juni 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Astronomi_Ottoman_Perkembangan_Sumbangan/TCkREQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PA10&printsec=frontcover Astronomi Ottoman Perkembangan, Sumbangan dan Tokoh]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Siregar, M., dang Gunawan, A. Medang: UMSU Press. Hlm. 1.</ref> WIlaya torluasna Kosultanang Usmaniya saak ini moncakuk wilaya Turki, Timur Tonga dang Balkang. Cakupang wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya pada wilaya Timur Tonga moliputi nogara Irak, Suria, Lebanong, Yordania, dang Palestina. Sodangkang dalang wilaya Balkang, cakupang wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya molipuki Serbia, Kuroasia dang Selopenia yang sobolum torbontuk dari bokas Yugoslapia.<ref>Damayanti, Rizki (Mei 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kawasan_Eropa_Kontemporer/0XAREQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PA197&printsec=frontcover Kawasan Eropa Kontemporer: Dinamika Integrasi, Tantangan Multikulturalisme, dan Penguatan Diplomasi Global]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ygoyakarta: CV. Bintang Semesta Media. Hlm. 197.</ref> Kosultanang Usmaniya mulai tidak dapak momporluas wilaya kokuasaanna di kawasang Eropa sojak kokalahang pasukanna dalang Portompurang Wina pada tahun 1683 M.<ref>Masripah (2025) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/SEJARAH_PERADABAN_DAN_PEMIKIRAN_ISLAM/lDWPEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PA108&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Peradaban dan Pemikiran Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Penerbit Traz Media Publishing. Hlm. 108.</ref> Kokalahang pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya dalang Portompurang Wina disobakkang oleh moningkatna kokuatang militer dari pasukang bangsa-bangsa di Eropa.<ref>Halim, Abdul (2013) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Relasi_Islam_Politik_dan_Kekuasaan/s4ZoDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&pg=PA81&printsec=frontcover Relasi Islam, Politik & Kekuasaan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Bantul: LKiS Yogyakarta. ISBN 978-979-25-5386-4</ref> Pada tahun 1920, Kosultanang Usmaniya monandatangani Porjanjiang Seperes borsama dengang Bulok Sokutu yong tordiri dari Porancis, Boritania Raya, Yunani dang Italia. Dalang Porjanjiang Seperes, wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya mongalami pongurangang dang sobagiang bosar dalang pondudukang ole Bulok Sokutu. Soluru wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya di Jasira Arab disorakang kopada Bulok Sokutu.<ref name=":2">Mahendra, Fahmi Rizal (2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Turki_Utsmani/LfT8EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&pg=PA44&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Turki Utsmani: Kisah dari Awal Pembentukan hingga Kemunduran]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 44–45.</ref> == Pomorintahan == Pada tahung 1453 M, Sultang Usmaniya kotuju di Kosultanang Usmaniya yaitu Muhammad al-Fatih dang dang pasukanna borhasil monaklukkang Kustangtinopel molalui pongopungang.<ref>Al-Hajj Ahmad, Yusuf. (2020) ''Mukjizat Al-Qur’an yang Tak Terbantahkan'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). [Al-Mu’jizah Al-Qur’aniyyah ‘ala Al-Mu’jizah Al-Hissiyyah] Ditorjomakang ole Zulhamid dang Miranda, Putri Aria. Jakarta: Aqwam. Hlm. 63. Hlm. 63. ISBN 978-979-039-368-4.</ref> Sobolum ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole Sultang Muhammad al-Fatih dan pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya, Kustangtinopel saak itu morupakang ibu kota dari Kokaisarang Romawi Timur.<ref>Sewang, Anwar. (Desemberek 2015) ''[https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/1058/1/Sejarah%20Peradaban%20Islam.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Parepare: Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Parepare. Hlm. 39.</ref> Tiga minggu sotolah ponaklukang, Sultang Muhammad al-Fatih mongumungkang bahwa Kustangtinopel monjadi ibu kota baru bagi Kosultanang Usmaniya monggantikang Edirne.<ref>Freely, John. (2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_al_Fatih_Sang_Penakluk_Konstant/CxywDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Konstantinopel&pg=PA72&printsec=frontcover Muhammad al-Fatih: Sang Penakluk Konstantinopel]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Tangerang Salatang: Pustaka Alvabet Hlm. 72. ISBN 978-602-6577-49-8</ref> Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel mombuak Kokaisarang Romawi Timur tidak lagi dapak momulikang kokuasaangna atas wilaya Kokaisaran Romawi Timur dang soponuhnya berakhir. Kaisar torakhir dari Kokaisarang Romawi Timur adalah Kaisar Kustangting XI yang mulai momorinta sojak tahung 1449 M hingga 1453 M.<ref>Ash-Shallabi, Ali Muhammad (2016) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Bangkit_dan_Runtuhnya_Daulah_Ayyubiyah/Vb_cDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=sejarah+Konstantinopel&pg=PA131&printsec=frontcover Bangkit dan Runtuhnya Daulah Ayyubiyah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 131.</ref> == Hubungan luar nogori == === Hubungan dengang kosultanang-kosultanang di Nusantara === Kosultanang Usmaniya monjaling hubungang luar nogori dengang korajaang-korajaang Islang yang torlotak jau dari wilayah kokuasaanna di wilaya Turki.<ref>Muhammad, Rusjdi Ali (2003) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Revitalisasi_syari_at_Islam_di_Aceh/Y-_XAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Revitalisasi Syari'at Islam di Aceh: Problem, Solusi, dan Implementasi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Banda Ace: Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry & Penerbit Logos Wacana Ilmu. Hlm. XXII.</ref> Ponguasa Kosultanang Usmaniya tolah monjaling hubungang luar nogori dengang ponguasa Kosultanang Ace di Nusantara sojak abak ke-16 Masihi.<ref name=":1">Azzahra, Humaira (Juni 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Status_Vasal_Kesultanan_Aceh_di_Mata_Tur/-XPOEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&pg=PA1&printsec=frontcover Status Vasal Kesultanan Aceh di Mata Turki Utsmani pada Abad XIX]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Jaya, Ali. Serang: Penerbit A-Empat. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-623-6289-90-7</ref> Hubungang antara Kosultanang Usmaniya dang Kosultanang Ace borsipak hubungang porsahabatang sobagai sosama nogori Islang.<ref>Syahrul, Pocut Haslinda (2008) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Silsilah_raja_raja_Islam_di_Aceh_dan_hub/74MMAQAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Silsilah Raja-raja Islam di Aceh dan Hubungannya dengan Raja-raja Islam di Nusantara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Pelita Hidup Insani. Hlm. 193.</ref> Pada tahung 1564 M, Kosultanang Usmaniya mombuktikang hubunganna dengang Kosultanang Ace dengang mongiringkang pasukang dang kapal bosar untuk molawang pasukang dari Korajaang Haru dang Kosultanang Johor yang borpihak kopada Portugis untuk monaklukkang Kosultanang Ace.<ref>Era Muslim (2010) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Eramuslim_digest/MzgKAQAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Era Muslim Digest: Islamic Thematic Handbook Edisi 9]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 62.</ref> Kosultanang Usmaniya dang Kosultanang Ace monjaling hubungang konogaraang sobagai dua korajaang Islang hingga abak ke-19 Masihi. Sobagiang bosar surak-monyurak yang monjadi bukti hubungang politik antara Kosultanang Usmaniya dang Kosultanang Ace torsimpang dalang koleksina Badang Arsik Turki. Solaing itu, tordapak bonda-bonda borsojarah dari Kosultanang Usmaniya yang torsimpang di wilayana Kosultanang Ace. Namun jumalla bonda borsajarah dari Kosultanang Ace sangak torbatas di Nusantara korana sobagiang bosar dibawak ole Pamarenta Balanda ke Balanda.<ref name=":1" /> Solaing Kosultanang Ace, Kosultanang Usmaniya juga mombangung hubungang porsahabatang dengang Kosultanang Butong sobagai sosama korajaang Islang. Kosultanang Butong morupakang sala satu kosultanang di Nusantara yang didirikang di wilaya bagiang salatang dari pulo Sulawesi.<ref>Ridyasmara, Rizki (2006) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Gerilya_salib_di_Serambi_Mekkah/FE7XAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Gerilya Salib di Serambi Mekkah: Dari Zaman Portugis hingga Paska Tsunami]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 27.</ref> Hubungang antara Kosultanang Usmaniya dang Kosultanang Butong diporakarsai ole ponguasa Kosultanang Butong untuk momporoleh suatu koabosahang kokuasaang molalui hubungang dengang korajaang Islang yang dianggak kuak dan bosar soporti Kosultanang Usmaniya yang borkuasa di wilaya Turki.<ref>Zuhdi, Susanto (Septemberek 2025) "[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Majalah_Mata_Air_Edisi_47/kfSOEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah+Buton&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover Buton: Satu dari Empat Pusat Dunia]". Majalah Mata Air Edisi 47. Hlm. 20.</ref> == Kohidupang ponduduk == === Koagamaang === Sobagiang bosar bangunang koagamaang borupa masjik di wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya morupakang wakak dari pondudukna. Ponduduk Kosultanang Usmaniya socara umung momborikang wakak borupa masjik supaya bisa dijadikang tompak bordakwa.<ref>Andy Agung Prihatna (2006) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Wakaf_Tuhan_dan_agenda_kemanusiaan/KiLYAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Wakaf, Tuhan, dan Agenda Kemanusiaan: Studi tentang Wakaf dalam Perspektif Keadilan Sosial di Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Najib, Tuti A.. Hlm. 75.</ref> === Pondidikang === Sojak abak ke-19 Masihi, sisteng pondidikang yang borkombang di wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya mulai torbagi monjadi dua yaitu sisteng pondidikang agama dang sisteng pondidikang sekuler. Lombaga pondidikang agama yang utama dalang Kosultanang Usmaniya adala maderasa, sodangkang lombaga pondidikang sekuler yang utama dalang Kosultanag Usmaniya adala sekola. Sisteng pondidikang sekuler somaking borkombang pada ahir abak ke-19 Masihi korana pongaru pondidikang Barak di Kosultanang Usmaniya sotolah borlakuna Tanzimak dalang Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref>Syafei, Isop (Agustusuk 2025) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/SEJARAH_PENDIDIKAN_ISLAM/pLOJEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&pg=PA203&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Pendidikan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Bandung: Penerbit Widina. Hlm. 203. ISBN 978-634-246-157-0.</ref> == Koruntuhang == Pada awal Perang Dunia I, Kosultanang Usmaniya mongadakang pombontukang Porsokutuang Usmaniya–Jermang yang mombuak Kosultanang Usmaniya torlibak dalang Perang Dunia I.<ref name=":3">Willem Brownstok (2020) Islam: ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Islam_Dari_Kekaisaran_Mughal_ke_Konflik/tuXNDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PT36&printsec=frontcover Dari Kekaisaran Mughal ke Konflik Arab-Israel]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Cambridge Stanford Books. Hlm. 36.</ref> Kosultanang Usmaniya borgabung borsama dengang Jermang dang Austiria-Hongaria sobagai Bulok Senteral untuk momorangi Kokaisarang Rusia.<ref>Arifian, Alfi (2020) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Lengkap_Perang_Dunia_I/LmXyDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PA84&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Lengkap Perang Dunia I: 1914-1918]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 84.</ref> Kosultanang Usmaniya borperang molawang Bulok Sokutu yang tordiri dari pasukang militer dari Boritania Raya, Porancis dang Italia.<ref name=":3" /> Pada tahung 1918, Kosultanang Usmaniya mongalami kokalahang dalang Perang Dunia I. Kokalahang Kosultanang Usmaniya borahir dengang pongurangang wilaya kokuasaang Kosultanang Usmaniya. Tiga eyalek dari Kosultanang Usmaniya di wilaya Irak disorahkang kopada Bulok Sokutu. Selaing itu, wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya di Suria dan Palestina juga disorakang kopada Bulok Sokutu sobagai wilaya pondudukang yang torpisa pomorintahanna.<ref name=":3" /> [[File:SevresOttoman1927.JPG|thumb|Pete Kosultanang Usmaniya sotola Porjanjiang Seperes pada tahung 1920 M.]] Pada tahun 1920, Kosultanang Usmaniya monandatangi Porjanjiang Seperes borsama dengang Bulok Sokutu yong tordiri dari Porancis, Boritania Raya, Yunani dang Italia. Dalang Porjanjiang Seperes, wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya mongalami pongurangang dang sobagiang bosar dalang pondudukang ole Bulok Sokutu. Soluru wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya di Jasira Arab disorakang kopada Bulok Sokutu.<ref name=":2" /> Koluarga Ponguasa Kosultanang Usmaniya ditotakkang untuk diahiri kokuasaannya pada tanggal 17 Nopemberek 1922 M. Pada tanggal 29 Oktoberek 1922, dibontuk pomorintahang baru borbontuk republik untuk monggantikang pomorintahang Koluarga Ponguasa Kosultanang Usmaniya di wilaya bokas Kosultanang Usmaniya. Nogara baru yang didirikang dibori nama Repubolik Turki.<ref>Effendy, Mochtar. (2001) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedi_agama_dan_filsafat/n8XXAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedi Agama dan Filsafat Volume 6]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Palembang: Penerbit Universitas Sriwijaya. Hlm. 273.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mfp]] 5tf8ypj1dv4mxv26yvb3thx2lyi8q7e 7374273 7374272 2026-10-25T14:24:06Z JumadilM 2556400 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q12560]] 7374273 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844–1922).svg|thumb|Bendera Kosultanang Usmaniya sojak tahung 1844 hingga tahung 1922 M.]] '''Kosultanang Usmaniya''' (1299–1922 M) adala sobua kosultanang yang pornah borkuasa di sobagiang bosar kawasang Asia Kocil dan Eropa Timur pada abak portongahang hingga awal abak ke-20 Masihi. Pondiri Kosultanang Usmaniya adala Usmang bing Ertugurul yang mondirikang Kosultanang Usmaniya pada bokas wilayana Kosultanang Rung. Wilaya kokuasaang Kosultanang Usmaniya mulai mongalami porluasang di kawasang Asia dang Eropa sojak ponaklukang Kustangtinopel pada tahun 1453 M. Namung Kosultanang Usmaniya mulai tidak dapak momporluas wilaya kokuasaanna di kawasang Eropa sojak kokalahang pasukanna dalang Portompurang Wina pada tahun 1683 M. Kosultanang Usmaniya monjaling hubungang luar nogori dengang korajaang-korajaang Islang yang torlotak jau dari wilayah kokuasaanna di wilaya Turki soporti Kosultanang Ace dang Kosultanang Butong. Sojak abak ke-19 Masihi, sisteng pondidikang yang borkombang di wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya moliputi sisteng pondidikang agama molalui maderasa dang sisteng pondidikang sekuler molalui sekola. Koluarga Ponguasa Kosultanang Usmaniya ditotakkang untuk diahiri kokuasaannya pada tanggal 17 Nopemberek 1922 M. Pada tanggal 29 Oktoberek 1922, dibontuk nogara baru bornama Repubelik Turki di wilaya bokas Kosultanang Usmaniya yang monandai borahirna Kosultanan Usmaniya. == Pondiriang == Pada poriode tahung 1252 hingga tahun 1260 M, Hulagu Hang yang borkuasa atas Ilhanak di bagiang barak lauk mongadakang porluasang ke bagiang barak Asia. Hulagu Hang moruakang cucuna Jengis Hang yang ditugaskang untuk monaklukkan bagiang barak lauk Aisa sobagai sala satu jenderal Kokaisarang Mongol. Ilhanak didirikang sobagai nogara torpisa dari Kokaisarang Mongol sotolah Hulagu Hang monghancurkan pomorintahang Kohalipaang Abbasiya di Asia Barak dan komudiang monyorang wilayah Kokaisarang Romawi Timur. Molemanya kokuasaang Kokaisarang Romawi Timur akibak dari serangang Ilhanak ole pasukang Hulagu Hang monjadi ponyobak utama timbulna poluang pondiriang Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref>Huang, Fenglin (2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Teori_bipolar_dunia/7hPzDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PA120&printsec=frontcover Teori Bipolar Dunia: Jalan ke Komunisme Ditemukan dalam Struktur Evolusi Sejarah Dunia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Huang Fenglin. Hlm. 120.</ref> Pondiri Kosultanang Usmaniya adala Usmang bing Ertugurul.<ref>Abu Fatah Grania (2008) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Panglima_surga/MHILAQAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Panglima Surga]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Cicero Pub. Hlm. 342.</ref> Usmang mondirikang Kosultanang Usmaniya sotolah Sultang Rum yang borkuasa di Kosultanang Rung tidak momiliki powaris tahta. Pada wattu torsobuk, Usmang borkodudukang sobagai Gubernur Bursa dalang wilaya kokuasaang Kosultanang Rung. Pada tahun 1299 M, Usmang monyatakang dirina sobagai sultang atas wilaya yang dibori nama Kosultanang Usmaniya. Wilaya awalna Kosultanang Usmaniya moncakuk bokas dari Kosultanang Rung.<ref>Sudjatnika, Tenny. (2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kontribusi_Sejarah_Peradaban_Islam_Terha/bJlyEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Pendiri+Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&pg=PA123&printsec=frontcover Kontribusi Sejarah Peradaban Islam Terhadap Masa Milenial pada Bidang Sastra]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Depok: Rajawali Pers. Hlm. 122–123. ISBN 978-623-372-271-1.</ref> == Wilaya kokuasaang == Wilaya kokuasaang Kosultanang Usmaniya mulai mongalami porluasang di kawasang Asia dang Eropa sojak ponaklukang Kustangtinopel.<ref name=":0">Wibowo, Hamid Sakti (Apirilik 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sultan_Muhammad_Al_Fatih_Penakluk_Kontra/2OULEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&pg=PA75&printsec=frontcover Sultan Muhammad Al Fatih: Penakluk Kontratinopel dan Legenda Kekuatan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yuanita. Soramang: Tiram Media. Hlm. 75.</ref> Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya torjadi pada tahung 1453 M.<ref>Esposito., John L. (1994) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ancaman_Islam_mitos_atau_realitas/BMsxAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Ancaman Islam:Mitos atau Realitas?]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Penerbit Mizan. Hlm. 53.</ref> Porluasan wilaya kokuasaang Kosultanang Usmaniya torjadi korana Kokaisarang Romawi Timur dengang pusak pomorintahanna di Kustangtinopel yang morupakang posaing polikna tolah runtu. Koruntuhang Kokaisarang Romawi Timur mombuak Kosultanang Usmaniya loluasa momorinta di kawasang sokitar Asia dang Eropa.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:OttomanEmpireMain.png|thumb|Wilaya torluasna Kosultanang Usmaniya pada tahung 1683 M.]] Porluasang wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya secara bosar-bosarang torjadi pada masa kokuasaang Sultang Sulaimang I pada abak ke-16 Masihi. Sulaimang I borkuasa sobagai Sultang Usmaniya sojak tahung 1520 M hingga 1566 M. Solama masa kokuasaanna, wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya moncakuk Eropa Tonggara, Asia Barak, dang Apirika Utara.<ref>Mariyono, Dwi (Oktoberek 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/SEJARAH_KEBUDAYAAN_ISLAM_Masa_Lalu_Kini/zP8yEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PA68&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam: Masa Lalu, Kini dan yang Akan Datang]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Kelateng: Nas Media Pustaka. Hlm. 68.</ref> Cakupang torluas dari wilaya Kosultanang Usmani moliputi sobagiang bosar Eropa Timur dang Eropa Tenggara, soluru Kaukasus di Asia Barak, sobagiang kocil Timur Tonga dang sobagiang kocil Apirika Utara.<ref>Butar-Butar, Arwin Juli Rakhmadi (Juni 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Astronomi_Ottoman_Perkembangan_Sumbangan/TCkREQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PA10&printsec=frontcover Astronomi Ottoman Perkembangan, Sumbangan dan Tokoh]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Siregar, M., dang Gunawan, A. Medang: UMSU Press. Hlm. 1.</ref> WIlaya torluasna Kosultanang Usmaniya saak ini moncakuk wilaya Turki, Timur Tonga dang Balkang. Cakupang wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya pada wilaya Timur Tonga moliputi nogara Irak, Suria, Lebanong, Yordania, dang Palestina. Sodangkang dalang wilaya Balkang, cakupang wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya molipuki Serbia, Kuroasia dang Selopenia yang sobolum torbontuk dari bokas Yugoslapia.<ref>Damayanti, Rizki (Mei 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kawasan_Eropa_Kontemporer/0XAREQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PA197&printsec=frontcover Kawasan Eropa Kontemporer: Dinamika Integrasi, Tantangan Multikulturalisme, dan Penguatan Diplomasi Global]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Ygoyakarta: CV. Bintang Semesta Media. Hlm. 197.</ref> Kosultanang Usmaniya mulai tidak dapak momporluas wilaya kokuasaanna di kawasang Eropa sojak kokalahang pasukanna dalang Portompurang Wina pada tahun 1683 M.<ref>Masripah (2025) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/SEJARAH_PERADABAN_DAN_PEMIKIRAN_ISLAM/lDWPEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PA108&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Peradaban dan Pemikiran Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Penerbit Traz Media Publishing. Hlm. 108.</ref> Kokalahang pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya dalang Portompurang Wina disobakkang oleh moningkatna kokuatang militer dari pasukang bangsa-bangsa di Eropa.<ref>Halim, Abdul (2013) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Relasi_Islam_Politik_dan_Kekuasaan/s4ZoDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&pg=PA81&printsec=frontcover Relasi Islam, Politik & Kekuasaan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Bantul: LKiS Yogyakarta. ISBN 978-979-25-5386-4</ref> Pada tahun 1920, Kosultanang Usmaniya monandatangani Porjanjiang Seperes borsama dengang Bulok Sokutu yong tordiri dari Porancis, Boritania Raya, Yunani dang Italia. Dalang Porjanjiang Seperes, wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya mongalami pongurangang dang sobagiang bosar dalang pondudukang ole Bulok Sokutu. Soluru wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya di Jasira Arab disorakang kopada Bulok Sokutu.<ref name=":2">Mahendra, Fahmi Rizal (2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Turki_Utsmani/LfT8EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&pg=PA44&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Turki Utsmani: Kisah dari Awal Pembentukan hingga Kemunduran]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 44–45.</ref> == Pomorintahan == Pada tahung 1453 M, Sultang Usmaniya kotuju di Kosultanang Usmaniya yaitu Muhammad al-Fatih dang dang pasukanna borhasil monaklukkang Kustangtinopel molalui pongopungang.<ref>Al-Hajj Ahmad, Yusuf. (2020) ''Mukjizat Al-Qur’an yang Tak Terbantahkan'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). [Al-Mu’jizah Al-Qur’aniyyah ‘ala Al-Mu’jizah Al-Hissiyyah] Ditorjomakang ole Zulhamid dang Miranda, Putri Aria. Jakarta: Aqwam. Hlm. 63. Hlm. 63. ISBN 978-979-039-368-4.</ref> Sobolum ponaklukang Kustangtinopel ole Sultang Muhammad al-Fatih dan pasukang Kosultanang Usmaniya, Kustangtinopel saak itu morupakang ibu kota dari Kokaisarang Romawi Timur.<ref>Sewang, Anwar. (Desemberek 2015) ''[https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/1058/1/Sejarah%20Peradaban%20Islam.pdf Sejarah Peradaban Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Parepare: Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Parepare. Hlm. 39.</ref> Tiga minggu sotolah ponaklukang, Sultang Muhammad al-Fatih mongumungkang bahwa Kustangtinopel monjadi ibu kota baru bagi Kosultanang Usmaniya monggantikang Edirne.<ref>Freely, John. (2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Muhammad_al_Fatih_Sang_Penakluk_Konstant/CxywDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Konstantinopel&pg=PA72&printsec=frontcover Muhammad al-Fatih: Sang Penakluk Konstantinopel]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Tangerang Salatang: Pustaka Alvabet Hlm. 72. ISBN 978-602-6577-49-8</ref> Ponaklukang Kustangtinopel mombuak Kokaisarang Romawi Timur tidak lagi dapak momulikang kokuasaangna atas wilaya Kokaisaran Romawi Timur dang soponuhnya berakhir. Kaisar torakhir dari Kokaisarang Romawi Timur adalah Kaisar Kustangting XI yang mulai momorinta sojak tahung 1449 M hingga 1453 M.<ref>Ash-Shallabi, Ali Muhammad (2016) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Bangkit_dan_Runtuhnya_Daulah_Ayyubiyah/Vb_cDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=sejarah+Konstantinopel&pg=PA131&printsec=frontcover Bangkit dan Runtuhnya Daulah Ayyubiyah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 131.</ref> == Hubungan luar nogori == === Hubungan dengang kosultanang-kosultanang di Nusantara === Kosultanang Usmaniya monjaling hubungang luar nogori dengang korajaang-korajaang Islang yang torlotak jau dari wilayah kokuasaanna di wilaya Turki.<ref>Muhammad, Rusjdi Ali (2003) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Revitalisasi_syari_at_Islam_di_Aceh/Y-_XAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Revitalisasi Syari'at Islam di Aceh: Problem, Solusi, dan Implementasi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Banda Ace: Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry & Penerbit Logos Wacana Ilmu. Hlm. XXII.</ref> Ponguasa Kosultanang Usmaniya tolah monjaling hubungang luar nogori dengang ponguasa Kosultanang Ace di Nusantara sojak abak ke-16 Masihi.<ref name=":1">Azzahra, Humaira (Juni 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Status_Vasal_Kesultanan_Aceh_di_Mata_Tur/-XPOEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&pg=PA1&printsec=frontcover Status Vasal Kesultanan Aceh di Mata Turki Utsmani pada Abad XIX]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Jaya, Ali. Serang: Penerbit A-Empat. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-623-6289-90-7</ref> Hubungang antara Kosultanang Usmaniya dang Kosultanang Ace borsipak hubungang porsahabatang sobagai sosama nogori Islang.<ref>Syahrul, Pocut Haslinda (2008) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Silsilah_raja_raja_Islam_di_Aceh_dan_hub/74MMAQAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Silsilah Raja-raja Islam di Aceh dan Hubungannya dengan Raja-raja Islam di Nusantara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Pelita Hidup Insani. Hlm. 193.</ref> Pada tahung 1564 M, Kosultanang Usmaniya mombuktikang hubunganna dengang Kosultanang Ace dengang mongiringkang pasukang dang kapal bosar untuk molawang pasukang dari Korajaang Haru dang Kosultanang Johor yang borpihak kopada Portugis untuk monaklukkang Kosultanang Ace.<ref>Era Muslim (2010) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Eramuslim_digest/MzgKAQAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Era Muslim Digest: Islamic Thematic Handbook Edisi 9]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 62.</ref> Kosultanang Usmaniya dang Kosultanang Ace monjaling hubungang konogaraang sobagai dua korajaang Islang hingga abak ke-19 Masihi. Sobagiang bosar surak-monyurak yang monjadi bukti hubungang politik antara Kosultanang Usmaniya dang Kosultanang Ace torsimpang dalang koleksina Badang Arsik Turki. Solaing itu, tordapak bonda-bonda borsojarah dari Kosultanang Usmaniya yang torsimpang di wilayana Kosultanang Ace. Namun jumalla bonda borsajarah dari Kosultanang Ace sangak torbatas di Nusantara korana sobagiang bosar dibawak ole Pamarenta Balanda ke Balanda.<ref name=":1" /> Solaing Kosultanang Ace, Kosultanang Usmaniya juga mombangung hubungang porsahabatang dengang Kosultanang Butong sobagai sosama korajaang Islang. Kosultanang Butong morupakang sala satu kosultanang di Nusantara yang didirikang di wilaya bagiang salatang dari pulo Sulawesi.<ref>Ridyasmara, Rizki (2006) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Gerilya_salib_di_Serambi_Mekkah/FE7XAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Gerilya Salib di Serambi Mekkah: Dari Zaman Portugis hingga Paska Tsunami]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 27.</ref> Hubungang antara Kosultanang Usmaniya dang Kosultanang Butong diporakarsai ole ponguasa Kosultanang Butong untuk momporoleh suatu koabosahang kokuasaang molalui hubungang dengang korajaang Islang yang dianggak kuak dan bosar soporti Kosultanang Usmaniya yang borkuasa di wilaya Turki.<ref>Zuhdi, Susanto (Septemberek 2025) "[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Majalah_Mata_Air_Edisi_47/kfSOEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah+Buton&pg=PA20&printsec=frontcover Buton: Satu dari Empat Pusat Dunia]". Majalah Mata Air Edisi 47. Hlm. 20.</ref> == Kohidupang ponduduk == === Koagamaang === Sobagiang bosar bangunang koagamaang borupa masjik di wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya morupakang wakak dari pondudukna. Ponduduk Kosultanang Usmaniya socara umung momborikang wakak borupa masjik supaya bisa dijadikang tompak bordakwa.<ref>Andy Agung Prihatna (2006) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Wakaf_Tuhan_dan_agenda_kemanusiaan/KiLYAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Wakaf, Tuhan, dan Agenda Kemanusiaan: Studi tentang Wakaf dalam Perspektif Keadilan Sosial di Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Najib, Tuti A.. Hlm. 75.</ref> === Pondidikang === Sojak abak ke-19 Masihi, sisteng pondidikang yang borkombang di wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya mulai torbagi monjadi dua yaitu sisteng pondidikang agama dang sisteng pondidikang sekuler. Lombaga pondidikang agama yang utama dalang Kosultanang Usmaniya adala maderasa, sodangkang lombaga pondidikang sekuler yang utama dalang Kosultanag Usmaniya adala sekola. Sisteng pondidikang sekuler somaking borkombang pada ahir abak ke-19 Masihi korana pongaru pondidikang Barak di Kosultanang Usmaniya sotolah borlakuna Tanzimak dalang Kosultanang Usmaniya.<ref>Syafei, Isop (Agustusuk 2025) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/SEJARAH_PENDIDIKAN_ISLAM/pLOJEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&pg=PA203&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Pendidikan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Bandung: Penerbit Widina. Hlm. 203. ISBN 978-634-246-157-0.</ref> == Koruntuhang == Pada awal Perang Dunia I, Kosultanang Usmaniya mongadakang pombontukang Porsokutuang Usmaniya–Jermang yang mombuak Kosultanang Usmaniya torlibak dalang Perang Dunia I.<ref name=":3">Willem Brownstok (2020) Islam: ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Islam_Dari_Kekaisaran_Mughal_ke_Konflik/tuXNDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PT36&printsec=frontcover Dari Kekaisaran Mughal ke Konflik Arab-Israel]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Cambridge Stanford Books. Hlm. 36.</ref> Kosultanang Usmaniya borgabung borsama dengang Jermang dang Austiria-Hongaria sobagai Bulok Senteral untuk momorangi Kokaisarang Rusia.<ref>Arifian, Alfi (2020) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Lengkap_Perang_Dunia_I/LmXyDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Kekaisaran+Ottoman&pg=PA84&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Lengkap Perang Dunia I: 1914-1918]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 84.</ref> Kosultanang Usmaniya borperang molawang Bulok Sokutu yang tordiri dari pasukang militer dari Boritania Raya, Porancis dang Italia.<ref name=":3" /> Pada tahung 1918, Kosultanang Usmaniya mongalami kokalahang dalang Perang Dunia I. Kokalahang Kosultanang Usmaniya borahir dengang pongurangang wilaya kokuasaang Kosultanang Usmaniya. Tiga eyalek dari Kosultanang Usmaniya di wilaya Irak disorahkang kopada Bulok Sokutu. Selaing itu, wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya di Suria dan Palestina juga disorakang kopada Bulok Sokutu sobagai wilaya pondudukang yang torpisa pomorintahanna.<ref name=":3" /> [[File:SevresOttoman1927.JPG|thumb|Pete Kosultanang Usmaniya sotola Porjanjiang Seperes pada tahung 1920 M.]] Pada tahun 1920, Kosultanang Usmaniya monandatangi Porjanjiang Seperes borsama dengang Bulok Sokutu yong tordiri dari Porancis, Boritania Raya, Yunani dang Italia. Dalang Porjanjiang Seperes, wilayana Kosultanang Usmaniya mongalami pongurangang dang sobagiang bosar dalang pondudukang ole Bulok Sokutu. Soluru wilaya Kosultanang Usmaniya di Jasira Arab disorakang kopada Bulok Sokutu.<ref name=":2" /> Koluarga Ponguasa Kosultanang Usmaniya ditotakkang untuk diahiri kokuasaannya pada tanggal 17 Nopemberek 1922 M. Pada tanggal 29 Oktoberek 1922, dibontuk pomorintahang baru borbontuk republik untuk monggantikang pomorintahang Koluarga Ponguasa Kosultanang Usmaniya di wilaya bokas Kosultanang Usmaniya. Nogara baru yang didirikang dibori nama Repubolik Turki.<ref>Effendy, Mochtar. (2001) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedi_agama_dan_filsafat/n8XXAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&dq=Kesultanan+Utsmaniyah&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedi Agama dan Filsafat Volume 6]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Palembang: Penerbit Universitas Sriwijaya. Hlm. 273.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> [[Category:Wp/mfp]] {{INTERWIKI|Q12560}} i7fz8h2n6enph0smnctrwmynom90iql 0 3827264 7374276 2026-10-25T14:26:39Z JumadilM 2556400 mombuak halamang baru 7374276 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Majapahit_Expansion.gif|thumb|Animasi yang monampilkang sejara Majapaik dang wilaya kokuasaanna (warna mera) mulai sojak pandirianna pada ahir abak ke-13 M hingga kohancuranna pada awal abak ke-16 M.]] '''Majapaik''' adala sobua korajaang yang porna didirikang di wilaya Nusantara pada ahir abak ke-13 Masihi hingga abak ke-16 Masihi. Pandiri Majapaik bornama Radeng Wijaya. Namana Majapaik digunakang karana wilayana yang awal didirikang di sakitar pohong borbua maja yang rasana paik kotik dimakang. Pada ahir abak ke-13 Masihi, wilayana Majapaik hanya moncakuk sabagiang Jawa Timur. Porluasang wilayana Majapaik dimulai socara bosar sojak awal abak ke-14 Masihi dang moncapai wilayah yang torluas pada portongahang abak ke-14 Masihi. Wilaya kokuasaang Majapaik yang torluas moncakuk sobagiang bosar wilaya Nusantara di kawasang Asia Tonggara solama masa pamarentahanna Hayag Wuruk. Naska utama yang monjolaskang tontang koadaang pormukimang di Majapaik adala ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama'' yang solosai ditulis pada tahung 1365 M ole Empu Parapanca. Sojak tahung 1300 M, sisteng ekonomi yang borkombang di wilayana Majapaik ada dua yaitu ekonomi portaniang dang ekonomi mariting. Pusak kogiatang ekonomi di wilayana Majapaik adala di sopanjang aliranna sungai Borantas bagiang hilir. Agama yang dianut ole panduduk di wilaya Majapaik sobagiang bosar adala agama Hindu dang agama Buda. Namung ummak Islang yang mondatangi wilaya Majapaik dapak hiduk dang tinggal monotak di wilayana socara damai karana masarakak Majapaik monghargai kabebasang boragama. Pakeang yang nakenakang ole rakyak Majapaik tardiri dari boborapa jonis yaitu bebek, tapi, sinjang, dodok, wastora dang kampu. Somua pakeang yang napake rakyakna Majapaik borbontuk lambarang kaing. == Pandiriang, ponamaang dang pusak pamarentahang == [[File:Trowulan_Archaeological_Site.svg|thumb|Lokasina Terowulang, bokas bu kotana Majapaik di Kabupateng Mojokerto.]] Majapaik didirikang sabagai sala satu korajaang di Nusantara ole Radeng Wijaya. Pandiriang Majapaik dilakukang pada tanggal 15 Kartika 1215 Saka atau sama dengang tanggal 12 Nopember 1293 Masihi. Tanggal pandiriang dari Majapaik morupakang tanggal palantikang Radeng Wijaya sabagai raja portamana.<ref>Kubontubuh, Catrini Pratihari (Desember 2020) ''[https://direktorimajapahit.id/yad/berkas/buku/Buku%20Bunga%20Rampai%20Majapahit.pdf Majapahit dalam Perbincangan Hari Ini]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Sadzali, A. M., dkk. Jakarta: Yayasan Arsari Djojohadikusumo. Hlm. 7.</ref> Pandiriang Majapaik dilakukang ole Radeng Wijaya di sobua daera bornama Tarik. Lokasina Tarik torlotak di antara alirang sungai Borantas dang anak sungaina yang bornama Kali Mas. Pada masa pandirianna Majapaik, Kali Mas disobuk sobagai Kali Kencana. Di Tarik tordapat banyak pohon yang monghasilkang bua bornama maja. Rasa dari bua maja adala paik dang karana itu Radeng Wijaya momilina sabagai nama korajaanna yaitu Majapaik.<ref>Eni, S. P., dang Tsabit, A. H. (Marek 2017) ''[http://repository.uki.ac.id/9345/1/ArsitekturKunoJawaTimur.pdf Arsitektur Kuno Kerajaan-kerajaan Kediri, Singasari, dan Majapahit di Jawa Timur, Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. Hlm. 230–231. ISBN 978-623-231-050-6.</ref> Sojak pandirianna ole Radeng Wijaya, ibu kota Majapaik torlotak di Terowulang. Wilayana Terowulang saak ini moncakuk Kacamatang Terowulang dalang wilaya Kabupateng Mojokerto. Lokasi wilayanan Terowulang borada di bagiang barak Kota Mojokerto dengan jarak sokitar 11 kilometer dang jarakna sokitar 60 kiliomoter dari ara barak Kota Surabaya. Raja-raja yang mamarenta Majaaik somuana mombangung istana di Terowulang.<ref name=":6">Djoko (1995) ''[http://perpustakaansidodadi.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Trowulan-Bekas-Ibukota-Majapahit-Djoko2.pdf Trowulan bekas Ibu Kota Majapahit]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. Hlm. 15. <nowiki>ISBN 979-407-302-4</nowiki>.</ref> == Porluasang wilaya == Pada awal pandiriang Majapaik ole Radeng Wijaya, wilaya kokuasaanna hanya moncakuk sobagiang dari wilayana Jawa Timur pada masa sakarang. Wilayana Majapaik pada ahir abak ke-13 Masihi hanya moncakuk bokas wilayana Korajaang Kadiri, Korajaang Singasari dang Korajaang Janggala di wilaya Jawa Timur sorta pulo Madura. Sodangkang wilaya yang sakarang disobuk Kabupateng Lumajang bolung monjadi wilayana Majapaik. Bordasarkang Porasasti Lumajang, wilaya Kabupateng Lumajang baru dikuasai ole Majapaik pada tahung 1316 M sotola torjadi poristiwa Ponumpasang Nambi.<ref name=":1">Wijaya (Mei 2020). ''[https://repository.radenfatah.ac.id/22605/1/wijaya-kerukunan%20beragama%20majapahit-%202020%202.pdf Kerukunan Beragama Majapahit sebagai Teladan Kehidupan Bernegara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogoyakarta: Bangun Bangsa. Hlm. 3. ISBN 978-602-60036-6-9.</ref> Pada masa kokuasaang Ratu Tiribuwana Tunggadewi (1328–1350 M), wilaya kokuasaang Majapaik borpusak di wilaya pulo Jawa.<ref name=":2">Munandar, Agus Aris (Desember 2008) ''[https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/1913/1/Ibukota%20Majapahit%20Masa%20Jaya%20%26%20Pencapaian%20%282010%29.pdf Ibukota Majapahit, Masa Kejayaan dan Pencapaian]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Kurniawan, Fadly. Depok: Komunitas Bambu. Hlm. 1. ISBN 979-37-31-39-7.</ref> Pada tahun 1331 M, soluru wilaya Jawa Timur borhasil dikuasai ole Majapaik sotola wilaya Sadeng yang dekak dengang wilaya Panarukang ditaklukkang. Sotolah soluru Jawa Timur dikuasai ole Majapaik, porluasang wilaya dilakukang di luar pulo Jawa dalang kawasang Nusantara.<ref name=":1" /> Saudarana Ratu Tiribuwana Tunggadewi dibori kokuasaang untuk monaklukkang wilayana kawasang Minangkabau dang mongatur pamarentahanna. Sedangkang Ratu Tiribuwana Tunggadewi mulai momporluas wilaya kokuasaanna Majapaik ke pulo laing di sakitar Jawa yaitu pulo Bali. Ponaklukang pulo Bali borhasil dilakukang solama masa pamarentahanna Ratu Tiribuwana Tunggadewi.<ref name=":2" /> Wilaya kokuasaang Majapaik komudiang moluas dari pulo Jawa hingga moncakuk pulo Sumatora.<ref name=":3">Manarfa, L. O. M. R. A. U. (Nopember 2024) ''[http://repository.uingusdur.ac.id/1041/1/Buku%20-%20Sejarah%20Nasional%20Indonesia.pdf Sejarah Nasional Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Septriani. Padang: CV. Gita Lentera. Hlm. 3. ISBN 978-623-8708-80-2.</ref> [[File:Majapahit_Empire_id.svg|thumb|Wilaya kokuasaanna Majapaik yang torluas pada abak ke-14 Masihi.]] Majapaik komudiang borkombang monjadi korajaang mariting monggunakang pasukang lauk yang borlayar ke borbagai pulo monggunakang kapal yang dilongkapi dengang cadik. Solaing itu, kapal-kapalna pasukang lauk Majapaik monggunakang layar yang torbuak dari tanamang yang dianyang sohingga porgorakanna kapal dapak diuba-uba dengang gampang.<ref name=":4">Burhanuddin, S., dkk. (2016). ''[https://maritim.go.id/konten/unggahan/2021/02/e-spirit-of-majapahit.pdf Spirit of Majapahit: Pelayaran Napak Tilas Kerajaan Majapahit]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Karamoy, O., dang Santoso, T. W. Jakarta: Deputi Bidang Koordinasi Sumber Daya Manusia, Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, dan Budaya Maritim, Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 5.</ref> Solaing itu, Majapaik momiliki sanjata borupa badik dang keris yang torbuak dari bassi yang borasal dari wilaya Kodatuang Luwu yang borkuasa di kawasang Toluk Bone dalang wilaya sakitar pulo Sulawesi di Nusantara. Bassi dari wilaya Kodatuang Luwu borsipak kuak digunakang untuk borporang sohingga mondukung Majapaik solama mongadakang poporangang untuk monaklukkang korajaang-korajaang laing di wilaya Nusantara.<ref>Cahyono, E., dkk. (2016) ''[https://www.komnasham.go.id/files/20160528-konflik-agraria-masyarak-adat-$E705F0M.pdf Konflik Agraria Masyarakat Hukum Adat Atas Wilayahnya di Kawasan Hutan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta Pusak: Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 409. ISBN 978-602-74201-2-0.</ref> Majapaik momiliki wilaya torluas solama masa pamarentahanna Hayang Wuruk.<ref name=":4" /> Dalang masa pamarentahang Hayang Wuruk tordapak seorang pati yang mongupayakang ponaklukang soluru wilayana Nusantara sabagai wilayana Majapaik yaitu Gaja Mada.<ref name=":7">Muljana, Slamet (2013) ''[[iarchive:runtuhnya-kerajaan-hindu-jawa/page/175/mode/2up|Runtuhnya Kerajaan Hindu-Jawa dan Timbulnya Negara-Negara Islam di Nusantara]]'' (Dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bantul: LKiS Yogyakarta. Hlm. 176. ISBN 978-979-8451-16-4.</ref> Pada tahun 1356 M, wilaya Palembang borhasil dikuasai ole Majapaik sotola koruntuhang Siriwijaya. Soluru wilayana pulo Sumatora yang sobolunna dikuasai ole Siriwijaya dang tola monjadi korajaang-korajaang baru borhasil dikuasai ole Majapaik pada tahung 1377 M.<ref>Abubakar, A. (2020) ''[https://repository.unsri.ac.id/110125/1/4%20Buku%20Dedi%20Irwanto%20Oedjan%20Mas%20di%20Bumi%20Sriwijaya%20Sejarah_KPwBI_Palembang.pdf ‘Oedjan Mas’ di Bumi Sriwijaya: Bank Indonesia dan ‘Heritage’ di Sumatra Selatan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Sastrodinomo, Kasijanto. Jakarta: Bank Indonesia Institute. Hlm. 38–39. ISBN 978-623-90661-4-7.</ref> Wilaya kokuasaang Majapaik yang torluas moncakuk sobagiang bosar wilaya Nusantara di kawasang Asia Tonggara.<ref name=":4" /> Luas wilayana Majapaik yang torluas di Nusantara hampir sama dengang luas wilayana Indonesia.<ref name=":6" /> == Kohidupang panduduk == === Pormukimang === Naska utama yang monjolaskang tontang koadaang pormukimang di Majapaik adala ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama''.<ref name=":5">Andrisijanti, Inajati (p.s.) (Nopember 2014). ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/2054/1/Buku%20Majapahit2.pdf Majapahit: Batas Kota dan Jejak Kejayaan di Luar Kota]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogoyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press. Hlm. 5. ISBN 978-602-1228-70-8.</ref> Ponulisang naska ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama'' dilakukang ole Empu Parapanca dang disolosaikang pada tahun 1365 Masihi. Ponulisang naska ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama'' dilakukang pada bulang Sepetember hingga Ottober 1365 M. Sobolung Empu Parapanca monulis naska ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama'', dirina monjabak sobagai kopala urusang agama Buda di istanana Majapaik saak Rajasanagara momorintah sabagai raja. Saak monulis naska ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama'', Empu Parapanca suda monjadi seorang portapa.<ref>Muljana, Slamet (2012) ''[[iarchive:menuju-puncak-kemegahan/page/12/mode/2up|Menuju Puncak Kemegahan: Sejarah Kerajaan Majapahit]]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bantul: LKiS Yogyakarta. Hlm. 12–13. ISBN 979-8451-35-X.</ref> Dalang pupu kadalapang hingga kodua balas pada ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama'' digambarang tontang kota-kota di Majapaik dang pormukimanna sakitar tahung 1350 Masihi. Tiak kota di Majapaik momiliki satu pormukimang yang sangak luas sorta borsipak torbuka dang tidak dibatasi ole tembok. Di sakalilinna pormukiang yang luas tordapak boborapa pormukimang yang sempik. Pormukimang yang luas dang pormukimang yang sempik pada tiak kota di Majapaik dipisakang ole lapangang yang biasana digunakang sabagai pasar atau sabagai tompak portomuang bagi rakyak.<ref name=":5" /> === Ekonomi === [[File:Majapahit_Core_and_Provinces.svg|thumb|Pusak ekonomina Majapaik di Pulau Jawa ditandai dengan warna jingga golak dang kota-kota pordagangang utamana Majapaik ditandai dengang lingkarang borwarna mera.]] Sisteng ekonomi yang borkombang di wilayana Majapaik ada dua yaitu ekonomi portaniang dang ekonomi mariting. Kodua jonis sisteng ekonomi ini borsipak saling mondukung bagi portumbuhang ekonomina Majapaik.<ref>Margana, Sri (2021). "[https://direktorimajapahit.id/yad/berkas/buku/sandhyakala%20ning%20majapahit%20pdf.pdf Sandhyakala ning Majapahit Menurut Babad Jawa dan Historiografi Kolonial]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Koesbardiati, T., Murti, D. B., dang Bestiana, D. dalang ''Sandhyakala ning Majapahit: Pembelajaran dari Pasang Surut Kerajaan Majapahit''. Surabaya: CV. Putra Media Nusantara. hlm. 175–198. ISBN 978-623-6611-35-7.</ref> Kogiatang pordagangang yang dilakukang di wilaya Majapaik molipuki pordagangang mariting dalang pulau-pulau yang dikuasai ole Majapaik. Solaing itu, Majapaik mengadakang pordagangang dengan bangsa laing di wilayana Majapaik torutama di pulo Jawa dang pulo Sumatora.<ref name=":3" /> Sojak tahung 1300 Masihi, kogiatang portaniang dang mariting di Majapaik mombuak kogiatang ekonomi jual beli dapak dilakukang monggunakang uang koing yang borasal dari Tiongkok. Ponguasa Majapaik monukar uang koing dari Tiongkok dengang barang-barang dari Majapaik sohingga ponduduk dapak molakukang jual beli dalang jumalla sodikik monggunakang uang. Jonis uang koing dari Tiongkok yang digunakang di Majapaik adala uang kepeng yang torbuak dari porunggu.<ref name=":0">Kartapranata, Gunawan. "Trowulan: Hidup di Ibu Kota Majapahit". Diuba-sosuaikang ole Aziz, Nasru Alam dalang ''Indonesia dalam Infografik'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. hlm. 36. ISBN 978-979-709-841-4.</ref> [[File:2016_Kuala_Lumpur,_Muzeum_Narodowe,_Ekspozycja_(012).jpg|thumb|Conto kapal borcadikna Majapaik.]] Pusak kogiatang ekonomi di wilayana Majapaik adala di sopanjang aliranna sungai Borantas bagiang hilir yang mongalir dari ara barak ke timur. Kogiatang ekonomi borlangsung dari wilayana Kacamatang Kertonoso ke wilayana Kabupateng Nganjuk sampe di Delta Borantas yang lokasina sakarang torlotak di Kota Surabaya. Cakupang lokasi torsobuk masuk dalam wilayana Terowulang yang borkodudukang sobagai ibu kotana Majapaik.<ref>Widodo, A., dan Syaifuddin, F. (2021). "[https://direktorimajapahit.id/yad/berkas/buku/sandhyakala%20ning%20majapahit%20pdf.pdf Rekonstruksi Digital Pantai Zaman Majapahit]". dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Koesbardiati, T., Murti, D. B., dang Bestiana, D. dalang ''Sandhyakala ning Majapahit: Pembelajaran dari Pasang Surut Kerajaan Majapahit''. Surabaya: CV. Putra Media Nusantara. hlm. 205–206. ISBN 978-623-6611-35-7.</ref> Kogiatang polayarang di Majapaik didukung ole ponggunaang kapal-kapal yang momiliki cadik. Kapal-kapal buatang Majapaik tidak monggunakang paku untuk monghubungkang bagiang kapal totapi monggunakang pasak kayu. Solain itu, layar yang digunakang torbuak dari tanamang yang dianyang sohingga sangak gampang digorakkang sosuai arana anging. Kapal borcadik yang digunakang dalang polayarang ole Majapaik mombuak kogiatang polayarang monjadi gampang dang cepak karana laju kapalna yang copak dang gampang disosuaikang ara tujuanna.<ref name=":4" /> Solama masa Majapaik, rakyakna sudah torbiasa monabung uang koing. Kobiasaang ini dibuktikang dengang temuang sobua celengang borbontuk babi yang ditomukang di Situs Terowulang. Celengang brobontuk babi yang tola ditomukang dikonal sabagai Celengang Majapaik.<ref name=":0" /> === Koagamaang === Agama yang dianut ole panduduk di wilaya Majapaik sobagiang bosar adala agama Hindu dang agama Buda. Namung masarakak di Majapaik momiliki tingkak ponghargaang yang tinggi torhadak kabebasang boragama dang koboragamang agama. Karana itu, ummak Islang yang mondatangi wilaya Majapaik dapak hiduk dang tinggal monotak di wilayana socara damai. Koboradaang poninggalang barsejara soporti kuburang-kuburang musling di Situs Toroloyo monjadi butti sejara bahwa ponguasa Majapaik momborikang jaminang kabebasang boragama di wilayana.<ref>Mash'ud, Imam (Agustusuk 2024) ''[https://pustaka.teknokrat.ac.id/repository/04c9d11a421b091263398a0c47307480.pdf Kearifan Lokal Epigrafi Islam Masa Majapahit pada Nisan Makam Troloyo]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: LIPI Press. Hlm. 4. ISBN 978-602-496-204-3.</ref> === Pakeang === Pakeang yang nakenakang ole rakyak Majapaik tardiri dari boborapa jonis yaitu bebek, tapi, sinjang, dodok, wastora dang kampu. Somua pakeang yang napake rakyakna Majapaik borbontuk lambarang kaing. Boborapa naska kuno yang monjolaskang tontang jonis pakeang yang dipake ole rakyakna Majapaik yaitu naska ''Nagarakaretagama'', ''Arjunawijaya'', ''Sutasoma'', ''Partayakniya'', ''Subadarawiwaha'', ''Tangtu Panggalarang'', ''Calong Arang'', ''Sori Tanjung'', dang ''Kidung Harsawijaya''.<ref>Kasimin, Z., dkk. (2021) ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/27856/1/BUKU%20RAGAM%20BUSANA%20MASA%20MAJAPAHIT.pdf Ragam Busana Masa Majapahit di Jawa Timur]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Mojokerto: Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Jawa Timur. Hlm. 9.</ref> == Kohancurang == Awal komundurang Majapaik bormula sojak komatiang Gaja Mada pada tahung 1364 M dalang masa pamarentahang Hayang Wuruk. Solama tiga tahung sojak moninggalna Gaja Mada, posisi sabagai kapala pongondaliang wilaya jajahang di Majapaik tida torisi sohingga hubungang pamarentahang antara pusakna Majapaik dengan daera jajahanna mulai tidak diawasi. Pada tahun 1371 M, wilaya Palembang, Darmasraya dang Pagaruyung di pulo Sumatera tola mulai tidak mongikuti parenta dari Majapaik dang masing-masing mulai mombontuk korajaang torsondiri. Komudiang pada abak ke-14 Masihi, Korajaang Tanjung Pura di pulo Kalimantang mulai mongadakang hubungang langsung dengang Tiongkok yang monandakang bahwa wilayana tidak lagi tunduk kopada Majapaik. Solaing itu, anggota koluarga raja Majapaik mulai mongadakang porobutang kokuasaang sojak abak ke-14 Masihi yang mombuak korajaang jajahang yang lotakna jau dari pusak pamarentahang Majapaik tidak lagi torurus.<ref name=":7" /> Pulitik di wilayana Majapaik mulai mongalami kokacauang sojak sungai Borantas monjadi dangkal. Perang sungai Borantas sobagai sarana polayarang komudiang monurung dang mombuak pongirimang barang di wilayana Majapaik mongalami gangguang. Gangguang pongirimang barang-barang ahirna monjadi pomicu torjadina kokacauang politik di wilaya Majapaik dang mongakibakkang porang sosama rakyak Majapaik.<ref>Zaim, Yahdi. "[https://direktorimajapahit.id/yad/berkas/buku/sandhyakala%20ning%20majapahit%20pdf.pdf Adakah Kejayaan Majapahit Pudar karena Bencana Alam?]". Diuba-sosuaikang ole Koesbardiati, T., Murti, D. B., dang Bestiana, D. dalang ''Sandhyakala ning Majapahit: Pembelajaran dari Pasang Surut Kerajaan Majapahit'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Surabaya: CV. Putra Media Nusantara. hlm. 226–227. ISBN 978-623-6611-35-7.</ref> Sojak dimulaina Porang Parekrek, ekonomina Majapaik mulai mongalami komundurang. Mundurki ekonomina Majapaik karana borkurangi kogiatang pordagangang solama porang.<ref>Munandar, Agus Aris (2021). "[https://direktorimajapahit.id/yad/berkas/buku/sandhyakala%20ning%20majapahit%20pdf.pdf Beberapa Proposisi Keruntuhan Kerajaan Majapahit]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Koesbardiati, T., Murti, D. B., dang Bestiana, D. dalang ''Sandhyakala ning Majapahit: Pembelajaran dari Pasang Surut Kerajaan Majapahit''. Surabaya: CV. Putra Media Nusantara. hlm. 133. ISBN 978-623-6611-35-7.</ref> Solaing itu, Majapaik mongalami parsalisihang dari kalangang bangsawang akibak dari masuk Islamna boborapa bangsawang Majapaik dang pornikaang beda agama antara Kertawjiaya solaku Raja Majapak dengang anak porompuanna raja dari Korajaang Campa yang morupakang seorang musling.<ref>Bowring, Philip (Marek 2022). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Nusantaria/B8BmEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Majapahit+Islam&pg=PA144&printsec=frontcover Nusantaria: Sejarah Asia Tenggara Maritim]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disuntingi ole Primanda, Andya. Ditorjomakangi ole Prasetyo, Febri Ady. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. Hlm. 144. ISBN 978-602-481-802-9.</ref> Sotola Porang Parekrek borahir, Majapaik mongalami komundurang ekonomi yang karras dang mombuak kokuasaang di wilayana Majapaik torbagi monjadi dua. Ponguasaang wilayana Majapaik torbagi monjadi bagiang barak dan bagiang timur. Wilayana Majapaik di bagiang barak dikuasai ole Wikrama Wardana. Sedangkang wilayana Majapaik di bagiang timur dikuasai ole Wirabumi dang didirikang sobagai Korajaang Balambangang.<ref>Abdillah, Y. B. Murti, D. B., dan Koesbardiati, T. (2021). "[https://direktorimajapahit.id/yad/berkas/buku/sandhyakala%20ning%20majapahit%20pdf.pdf Similaritas DNA Mitochondria Masyarakat Tengger dengan Temuan Rangka Kedaton, Trowulan]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Koesbardiati, T., Murti, D. B., dang Bestiana, D. dalang ''Sandhyakala ning Majapahit: Pembelajaran dari Pasang Surut Kerajaan Majapahit'' Surabaya: CV. Putra Media Nusantara. hlm. 233. ISBN 978-623-6611-35-7.</ref> Majapaik soponuna runtu sobagai korajaang pada tahung 1527 M.<ref>Creese, Helen (2015) ''[https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781317451792_A23896804/preview-9781317451792_A23896804.pdf Women of the Kakawin World: Marriage and Sexuality in the Indic Courts of Java and Bali]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Oksong: Routledge. Hlm. 8. ISBN 0-7656-0160-5.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> 0wtd0bz3mhmxg0mcp70hjpg27vugu66 7374277 7374276 2026-10-25T14:27:10Z JumadilM 2556400 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q49326]] 7374277 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Majapahit_Expansion.gif|thumb|Animasi yang monampilkang sejara Majapaik dang wilaya kokuasaanna (warna mera) mulai sojak pandirianna pada ahir abak ke-13 M hingga kohancuranna pada awal abak ke-16 M.]] '''Majapaik''' adala sobua korajaang yang porna didirikang di wilaya Nusantara pada ahir abak ke-13 Masihi hingga abak ke-16 Masihi. Pandiri Majapaik bornama Radeng Wijaya. Namana Majapaik digunakang karana wilayana yang awal didirikang di sakitar pohong borbua maja yang rasana paik kotik dimakang. Pada ahir abak ke-13 Masihi, wilayana Majapaik hanya moncakuk sabagiang Jawa Timur. Porluasang wilayana Majapaik dimulai socara bosar sojak awal abak ke-14 Masihi dang moncapai wilayah yang torluas pada portongahang abak ke-14 Masihi. Wilaya kokuasaang Majapaik yang torluas moncakuk sobagiang bosar wilaya Nusantara di kawasang Asia Tonggara solama masa pamarentahanna Hayag Wuruk. Naska utama yang monjolaskang tontang koadaang pormukimang di Majapaik adala ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama'' yang solosai ditulis pada tahung 1365 M ole Empu Parapanca. Sojak tahung 1300 M, sisteng ekonomi yang borkombang di wilayana Majapaik ada dua yaitu ekonomi portaniang dang ekonomi mariting. Pusak kogiatang ekonomi di wilayana Majapaik adala di sopanjang aliranna sungai Borantas bagiang hilir. Agama yang dianut ole panduduk di wilaya Majapaik sobagiang bosar adala agama Hindu dang agama Buda. Namung ummak Islang yang mondatangi wilaya Majapaik dapak hiduk dang tinggal monotak di wilayana socara damai karana masarakak Majapaik monghargai kabebasang boragama. Pakeang yang nakenakang ole rakyak Majapaik tardiri dari boborapa jonis yaitu bebek, tapi, sinjang, dodok, wastora dang kampu. Somua pakeang yang napake rakyakna Majapaik borbontuk lambarang kaing. == Pandiriang, ponamaang dang pusak pamarentahang == [[File:Trowulan_Archaeological_Site.svg|thumb|Lokasina Terowulang, bokas bu kotana Majapaik di Kabupateng Mojokerto.]] Majapaik didirikang sabagai sala satu korajaang di Nusantara ole Radeng Wijaya. Pandiriang Majapaik dilakukang pada tanggal 15 Kartika 1215 Saka atau sama dengang tanggal 12 Nopember 1293 Masihi. Tanggal pandiriang dari Majapaik morupakang tanggal palantikang Radeng Wijaya sabagai raja portamana.<ref>Kubontubuh, Catrini Pratihari (Desember 2020) ''[https://direktorimajapahit.id/yad/berkas/buku/Buku%20Bunga%20Rampai%20Majapahit.pdf Majapahit dalam Perbincangan Hari Ini]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Sadzali, A. M., dkk. Jakarta: Yayasan Arsari Djojohadikusumo. Hlm. 7.</ref> Pandiriang Majapaik dilakukang ole Radeng Wijaya di sobua daera bornama Tarik. Lokasina Tarik torlotak di antara alirang sungai Borantas dang anak sungaina yang bornama Kali Mas. Pada masa pandirianna Majapaik, Kali Mas disobuk sobagai Kali Kencana. Di Tarik tordapat banyak pohon yang monghasilkang bua bornama maja. Rasa dari bua maja adala paik dang karana itu Radeng Wijaya momilina sabagai nama korajaanna yaitu Majapaik.<ref>Eni, S. P., dang Tsabit, A. H. (Marek 2017) ''[http://repository.uki.ac.id/9345/1/ArsitekturKunoJawaTimur.pdf Arsitektur Kuno Kerajaan-kerajaan Kediri, Singasari, dan Majapahit di Jawa Timur, Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. Hlm. 230–231. ISBN 978-623-231-050-6.</ref> Sojak pandirianna ole Radeng Wijaya, ibu kota Majapaik torlotak di Terowulang. Wilayana Terowulang saak ini moncakuk Kacamatang Terowulang dalang wilaya Kabupateng Mojokerto. Lokasi wilayanan Terowulang borada di bagiang barak Kota Mojokerto dengan jarak sokitar 11 kilometer dang jarakna sokitar 60 kiliomoter dari ara barak Kota Surabaya. Raja-raja yang mamarenta Majaaik somuana mombangung istana di Terowulang.<ref name=":6">Djoko (1995) ''[http://perpustakaansidodadi.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Trowulan-Bekas-Ibukota-Majapahit-Djoko2.pdf Trowulan bekas Ibu Kota Majapahit]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. Hlm. 15. <nowiki>ISBN 979-407-302-4</nowiki>.</ref> == Porluasang wilaya == Pada awal pandiriang Majapaik ole Radeng Wijaya, wilaya kokuasaanna hanya moncakuk sobagiang dari wilayana Jawa Timur pada masa sakarang. Wilayana Majapaik pada ahir abak ke-13 Masihi hanya moncakuk bokas wilayana Korajaang Kadiri, Korajaang Singasari dang Korajaang Janggala di wilaya Jawa Timur sorta pulo Madura. Sodangkang wilaya yang sakarang disobuk Kabupateng Lumajang bolung monjadi wilayana Majapaik. Bordasarkang Porasasti Lumajang, wilaya Kabupateng Lumajang baru dikuasai ole Majapaik pada tahung 1316 M sotola torjadi poristiwa Ponumpasang Nambi.<ref name=":1">Wijaya (Mei 2020). ''[https://repository.radenfatah.ac.id/22605/1/wijaya-kerukunan%20beragama%20majapahit-%202020%202.pdf Kerukunan Beragama Majapahit sebagai Teladan Kehidupan Bernegara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogoyakarta: Bangun Bangsa. Hlm. 3. ISBN 978-602-60036-6-9.</ref> Pada masa kokuasaang Ratu Tiribuwana Tunggadewi (1328–1350 M), wilaya kokuasaang Majapaik borpusak di wilaya pulo Jawa.<ref name=":2">Munandar, Agus Aris (Desember 2008) ''[https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/1913/1/Ibukota%20Majapahit%20Masa%20Jaya%20%26%20Pencapaian%20%282010%29.pdf Ibukota Majapahit, Masa Kejayaan dan Pencapaian]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Kurniawan, Fadly. Depok: Komunitas Bambu. Hlm. 1. ISBN 979-37-31-39-7.</ref> Pada tahun 1331 M, soluru wilaya Jawa Timur borhasil dikuasai ole Majapaik sotola wilaya Sadeng yang dekak dengang wilaya Panarukang ditaklukkang. Sotolah soluru Jawa Timur dikuasai ole Majapaik, porluasang wilaya dilakukang di luar pulo Jawa dalang kawasang Nusantara.<ref name=":1" /> Saudarana Ratu Tiribuwana Tunggadewi dibori kokuasaang untuk monaklukkang wilayana kawasang Minangkabau dang mongatur pamarentahanna. Sedangkang Ratu Tiribuwana Tunggadewi mulai momporluas wilaya kokuasaanna Majapaik ke pulo laing di sakitar Jawa yaitu pulo Bali. Ponaklukang pulo Bali borhasil dilakukang solama masa pamarentahanna Ratu Tiribuwana Tunggadewi.<ref name=":2" /> Wilaya kokuasaang Majapaik komudiang moluas dari pulo Jawa hingga moncakuk pulo Sumatora.<ref name=":3">Manarfa, L. O. M. R. A. U. (Nopember 2024) ''[http://repository.uingusdur.ac.id/1041/1/Buku%20-%20Sejarah%20Nasional%20Indonesia.pdf Sejarah Nasional Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Septriani. Padang: CV. Gita Lentera. Hlm. 3. ISBN 978-623-8708-80-2.</ref> [[File:Majapahit_Empire_id.svg|thumb|Wilaya kokuasaanna Majapaik yang torluas pada abak ke-14 Masihi.]] Majapaik komudiang borkombang monjadi korajaang mariting monggunakang pasukang lauk yang borlayar ke borbagai pulo monggunakang kapal yang dilongkapi dengang cadik. Solaing itu, kapal-kapalna pasukang lauk Majapaik monggunakang layar yang torbuak dari tanamang yang dianyang sohingga porgorakanna kapal dapak diuba-uba dengang gampang.<ref name=":4">Burhanuddin, S., dkk. (2016). ''[https://maritim.go.id/konten/unggahan/2021/02/e-spirit-of-majapahit.pdf Spirit of Majapahit: Pelayaran Napak Tilas Kerajaan Majapahit]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Karamoy, O., dang Santoso, T. W. Jakarta: Deputi Bidang Koordinasi Sumber Daya Manusia, Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, dan Budaya Maritim, Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 5.</ref> Solaing itu, Majapaik momiliki sanjata borupa badik dang keris yang torbuak dari bassi yang borasal dari wilaya Kodatuang Luwu yang borkuasa di kawasang Toluk Bone dalang wilaya sakitar pulo Sulawesi di Nusantara. Bassi dari wilaya Kodatuang Luwu borsipak kuak digunakang untuk borporang sohingga mondukung Majapaik solama mongadakang poporangang untuk monaklukkang korajaang-korajaang laing di wilaya Nusantara.<ref>Cahyono, E., dkk. (2016) ''[https://www.komnasham.go.id/files/20160528-konflik-agraria-masyarak-adat-$E705F0M.pdf Konflik Agraria Masyarakat Hukum Adat Atas Wilayahnya di Kawasan Hutan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta Pusak: Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 409. ISBN 978-602-74201-2-0.</ref> Majapaik momiliki wilaya torluas solama masa pamarentahanna Hayang Wuruk.<ref name=":4" /> Dalang masa pamarentahang Hayang Wuruk tordapak seorang pati yang mongupayakang ponaklukang soluru wilayana Nusantara sabagai wilayana Majapaik yaitu Gaja Mada.<ref name=":7">Muljana, Slamet (2013) ''[[iarchive:runtuhnya-kerajaan-hindu-jawa/page/175/mode/2up|Runtuhnya Kerajaan Hindu-Jawa dan Timbulnya Negara-Negara Islam di Nusantara]]'' (Dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bantul: LKiS Yogyakarta. Hlm. 176. ISBN 978-979-8451-16-4.</ref> Pada tahun 1356 M, wilaya Palembang borhasil dikuasai ole Majapaik sotola koruntuhang Siriwijaya. Soluru wilayana pulo Sumatora yang sobolunna dikuasai ole Siriwijaya dang tola monjadi korajaang-korajaang baru borhasil dikuasai ole Majapaik pada tahung 1377 M.<ref>Abubakar, A. (2020) ''[https://repository.unsri.ac.id/110125/1/4%20Buku%20Dedi%20Irwanto%20Oedjan%20Mas%20di%20Bumi%20Sriwijaya%20Sejarah_KPwBI_Palembang.pdf ‘Oedjan Mas’ di Bumi Sriwijaya: Bank Indonesia dan ‘Heritage’ di Sumatra Selatan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Sastrodinomo, Kasijanto. Jakarta: Bank Indonesia Institute. Hlm. 38–39. ISBN 978-623-90661-4-7.</ref> Wilaya kokuasaang Majapaik yang torluas moncakuk sobagiang bosar wilaya Nusantara di kawasang Asia Tonggara.<ref name=":4" /> Luas wilayana Majapaik yang torluas di Nusantara hampir sama dengang luas wilayana Indonesia.<ref name=":6" /> == Kohidupang panduduk == === Pormukimang === Naska utama yang monjolaskang tontang koadaang pormukimang di Majapaik adala ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama''.<ref name=":5">Andrisijanti, Inajati (p.s.) (Nopember 2014). ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/2054/1/Buku%20Majapahit2.pdf Majapahit: Batas Kota dan Jejak Kejayaan di Luar Kota]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Yogoyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press. Hlm. 5. ISBN 978-602-1228-70-8.</ref> Ponulisang naska ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama'' dilakukang ole Empu Parapanca dang disolosaikang pada tahun 1365 Masihi. Ponulisang naska ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama'' dilakukang pada bulang Sepetember hingga Ottober 1365 M. Sobolung Empu Parapanca monulis naska ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama'', dirina monjabak sobagai kopala urusang agama Buda di istanana Majapaik saak Rajasanagara momorintah sabagai raja. Saak monulis naska ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama'', Empu Parapanca suda monjadi seorang portapa.<ref>Muljana, Slamet (2012) ''[[iarchive:menuju-puncak-kemegahan/page/12/mode/2up|Menuju Puncak Kemegahan: Sejarah Kerajaan Majapahit]]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bantul: LKiS Yogyakarta. Hlm. 12–13. ISBN 979-8451-35-X.</ref> Dalang pupu kadalapang hingga kodua balas pada ''Kakawing Nagarakaretagama'' digambarang tontang kota-kota di Majapaik dang pormukimanna sakitar tahung 1350 Masihi. Tiak kota di Majapaik momiliki satu pormukimang yang sangak luas sorta borsipak torbuka dang tidak dibatasi ole tembok. Di sakalilinna pormukiang yang luas tordapak boborapa pormukimang yang sempik. Pormukimang yang luas dang pormukimang yang sempik pada tiak kota di Majapaik dipisakang ole lapangang yang biasana digunakang sabagai pasar atau sabagai tompak portomuang bagi rakyak.<ref name=":5" /> === Ekonomi === [[File:Majapahit_Core_and_Provinces.svg|thumb|Pusak ekonomina Majapaik di Pulau Jawa ditandai dengan warna jingga golak dang kota-kota pordagangang utamana Majapaik ditandai dengang lingkarang borwarna mera.]] Sisteng ekonomi yang borkombang di wilayana Majapaik ada dua yaitu ekonomi portaniang dang ekonomi mariting. Kodua jonis sisteng ekonomi ini borsipak saling mondukung bagi portumbuhang ekonomina Majapaik.<ref>Margana, Sri (2021). "[https://direktorimajapahit.id/yad/berkas/buku/sandhyakala%20ning%20majapahit%20pdf.pdf Sandhyakala ning Majapahit Menurut Babad Jawa dan Historiografi Kolonial]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Koesbardiati, T., Murti, D. B., dang Bestiana, D. dalang ''Sandhyakala ning Majapahit: Pembelajaran dari Pasang Surut Kerajaan Majapahit''. Surabaya: CV. Putra Media Nusantara. hlm. 175–198. ISBN 978-623-6611-35-7.</ref> Kogiatang pordagangang yang dilakukang di wilaya Majapaik molipuki pordagangang mariting dalang pulau-pulau yang dikuasai ole Majapaik. Solaing itu, Majapaik mengadakang pordagangang dengan bangsa laing di wilayana Majapaik torutama di pulo Jawa dang pulo Sumatora.<ref name=":3" /> Sojak tahung 1300 Masihi, kogiatang portaniang dang mariting di Majapaik mombuak kogiatang ekonomi jual beli dapak dilakukang monggunakang uang koing yang borasal dari Tiongkok. Ponguasa Majapaik monukar uang koing dari Tiongkok dengang barang-barang dari Majapaik sohingga ponduduk dapak molakukang jual beli dalang jumalla sodikik monggunakang uang. Jonis uang koing dari Tiongkok yang digunakang di Majapaik adala uang kepeng yang torbuak dari porunggu.<ref name=":0">Kartapranata, Gunawan. "Trowulan: Hidup di Ibu Kota Majapahit". Diuba-sosuaikang ole Aziz, Nasru Alam dalang ''Indonesia dalam Infografik'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. hlm. 36. ISBN 978-979-709-841-4.</ref> [[File:2016_Kuala_Lumpur,_Muzeum_Narodowe,_Ekspozycja_(012).jpg|thumb|Conto kapal borcadikna Majapaik.]] Pusak kogiatang ekonomi di wilayana Majapaik adala di sopanjang aliranna sungai Borantas bagiang hilir yang mongalir dari ara barak ke timur. Kogiatang ekonomi borlangsung dari wilayana Kacamatang Kertonoso ke wilayana Kabupateng Nganjuk sampe di Delta Borantas yang lokasina sakarang torlotak di Kota Surabaya. Cakupang lokasi torsobuk masuk dalam wilayana Terowulang yang borkodudukang sobagai ibu kotana Majapaik.<ref>Widodo, A., dan Syaifuddin, F. (2021). "[https://direktorimajapahit.id/yad/berkas/buku/sandhyakala%20ning%20majapahit%20pdf.pdf Rekonstruksi Digital Pantai Zaman Majapahit]". dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Koesbardiati, T., Murti, D. B., dang Bestiana, D. dalang ''Sandhyakala ning Majapahit: Pembelajaran dari Pasang Surut Kerajaan Majapahit''. Surabaya: CV. Putra Media Nusantara. hlm. 205–206. ISBN 978-623-6611-35-7.</ref> Kogiatang polayarang di Majapaik didukung ole ponggunaang kapal-kapal yang momiliki cadik. Kapal-kapal buatang Majapaik tidak monggunakang paku untuk monghubungkang bagiang kapal totapi monggunakang pasak kayu. Solain itu, layar yang digunakang torbuak dari tanamang yang dianyang sohingga sangak gampang digorakkang sosuai arana anging. Kapal borcadik yang digunakang dalang polayarang ole Majapaik mombuak kogiatang polayarang monjadi gampang dang cepak karana laju kapalna yang copak dang gampang disosuaikang ara tujuanna.<ref name=":4" /> Solama masa Majapaik, rakyakna sudah torbiasa monabung uang koing. Kobiasaang ini dibuktikang dengang temuang sobua celengang borbontuk babi yang ditomukang di Situs Terowulang. Celengang brobontuk babi yang tola ditomukang dikonal sabagai Celengang Majapaik.<ref name=":0" /> === Koagamaang === Agama yang dianut ole panduduk di wilaya Majapaik sobagiang bosar adala agama Hindu dang agama Buda. Namung masarakak di Majapaik momiliki tingkak ponghargaang yang tinggi torhadak kabebasang boragama dang koboragamang agama. Karana itu, ummak Islang yang mondatangi wilaya Majapaik dapak hiduk dang tinggal monotak di wilayana socara damai. Koboradaang poninggalang barsejara soporti kuburang-kuburang musling di Situs Toroloyo monjadi butti sejara bahwa ponguasa Majapaik momborikang jaminang kabebasang boragama di wilayana.<ref>Mash'ud, Imam (Agustusuk 2024) ''[https://pustaka.teknokrat.ac.id/repository/04c9d11a421b091263398a0c47307480.pdf Kearifan Lokal Epigrafi Islam Masa Majapahit pada Nisan Makam Troloyo]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: LIPI Press. Hlm. 4. ISBN 978-602-496-204-3.</ref> === Pakeang === Pakeang yang nakenakang ole rakyak Majapaik tardiri dari boborapa jonis yaitu bebek, tapi, sinjang, dodok, wastora dang kampu. Somua pakeang yang napake rakyakna Majapaik borbontuk lambarang kaing. Boborapa naska kuno yang monjolaskang tontang jonis pakeang yang dipake ole rakyakna Majapaik yaitu naska ''Nagarakaretagama'', ''Arjunawijaya'', ''Sutasoma'', ''Partayakniya'', ''Subadarawiwaha'', ''Tangtu Panggalarang'', ''Calong Arang'', ''Sori Tanjung'', dang ''Kidung Harsawijaya''.<ref>Kasimin, Z., dkk. (2021) ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/27856/1/BUKU%20RAGAM%20BUSANA%20MASA%20MAJAPAHIT.pdf Ragam Busana Masa Majapahit di Jawa Timur]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Mojokerto: Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Provinsi Jawa Timur. Hlm. 9.</ref> == Kohancurang == Awal komundurang Majapaik bormula sojak komatiang Gaja Mada pada tahung 1364 M dalang masa pamarentahang Hayang Wuruk. Solama tiga tahung sojak moninggalna Gaja Mada, posisi sabagai kapala pongondaliang wilaya jajahang di Majapaik tida torisi sohingga hubungang pamarentahang antara pusakna Majapaik dengan daera jajahanna mulai tidak diawasi. Pada tahun 1371 M, wilaya Palembang, Darmasraya dang Pagaruyung di pulo Sumatera tola mulai tidak mongikuti parenta dari Majapaik dang masing-masing mulai mombontuk korajaang torsondiri. Komudiang pada abak ke-14 Masihi, Korajaang Tanjung Pura di pulo Kalimantang mulai mongadakang hubungang langsung dengang Tiongkok yang monandakang bahwa wilayana tidak lagi tunduk kopada Majapaik. Solaing itu, anggota koluarga raja Majapaik mulai mongadakang porobutang kokuasaang sojak abak ke-14 Masihi yang mombuak korajaang jajahang yang lotakna jau dari pusak pamarentahang Majapaik tidak lagi torurus.<ref name=":7" /> Pulitik di wilayana Majapaik mulai mongalami kokacauang sojak sungai Borantas monjadi dangkal. Perang sungai Borantas sobagai sarana polayarang komudiang monurung dang mombuak pongirimang barang di wilayana Majapaik mongalami gangguang. Gangguang pongirimang barang-barang ahirna monjadi pomicu torjadina kokacauang politik di wilaya Majapaik dang mongakibakkang porang sosama rakyak Majapaik.<ref>Zaim, Yahdi. "[https://direktorimajapahit.id/yad/berkas/buku/sandhyakala%20ning%20majapahit%20pdf.pdf Adakah Kejayaan Majapahit Pudar karena Bencana Alam?]". Diuba-sosuaikang ole Koesbardiati, T., Murti, D. B., dang Bestiana, D. dalang ''Sandhyakala ning Majapahit: Pembelajaran dari Pasang Surut Kerajaan Majapahit'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Surabaya: CV. Putra Media Nusantara. hlm. 226–227. ISBN 978-623-6611-35-7.</ref> Sojak dimulaina Porang Parekrek, ekonomina Majapaik mulai mongalami komundurang. Mundurki ekonomina Majapaik karana borkurangi kogiatang pordagangang solama porang.<ref>Munandar, Agus Aris (2021). "[https://direktorimajapahit.id/yad/berkas/buku/sandhyakala%20ning%20majapahit%20pdf.pdf Beberapa Proposisi Keruntuhan Kerajaan Majapahit]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Koesbardiati, T., Murti, D. B., dang Bestiana, D. dalang ''Sandhyakala ning Majapahit: Pembelajaran dari Pasang Surut Kerajaan Majapahit''. Surabaya: CV. Putra Media Nusantara. hlm. 133. ISBN 978-623-6611-35-7.</ref> Solaing itu, Majapaik mongalami parsalisihang dari kalangang bangsawang akibak dari masuk Islamna boborapa bangsawang Majapaik dang pornikaang beda agama antara Kertawjiaya solaku Raja Majapak dengang anak porompuanna raja dari Korajaang Campa yang morupakang seorang musling.<ref>Bowring, Philip (Marek 2022). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Nusantaria/B8BmEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Majapahit+Islam&pg=PA144&printsec=frontcover Nusantaria: Sejarah Asia Tenggara Maritim]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disuntingi ole Primanda, Andya. Ditorjomakangi ole Prasetyo, Febri Ady. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. Hlm. 144. ISBN 978-602-481-802-9.</ref> Sotola Porang Parekrek borahir, Majapaik mongalami komundurang ekonomi yang karras dang mombuak kokuasaang di wilayana Majapaik torbagi monjadi dua. Ponguasaang wilayana Majapaik torbagi monjadi bagiang barak dan bagiang timur. Wilayana Majapaik di bagiang barak dikuasai ole Wikrama Wardana. Sedangkang wilayana Majapaik di bagiang timur dikuasai ole Wirabumi dang didirikang sobagai Korajaang Balambangang.<ref>Abdillah, Y. B. Murti, D. B., dan Koesbardiati, T. (2021). "[https://direktorimajapahit.id/yad/berkas/buku/sandhyakala%20ning%20majapahit%20pdf.pdf Similaritas DNA Mitochondria Masyarakat Tengger dengan Temuan Rangka Kedaton, Trowulan]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Koesbardiati, T., Murti, D. B., dang Bestiana, D. dalang ''Sandhyakala ning Majapahit: Pembelajaran dari Pasang Surut Kerajaan Majapahit'' Surabaya: CV. Putra Media Nusantara. hlm. 233. ISBN 978-623-6611-35-7.</ref> Majapaik soponuna runtu sobagai korajaang pada tahung 1527 M.<ref>Creese, Helen (2015) ''[https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781317451792_A23896804/preview-9781317451792_A23896804.pdf Women of the Kakawin World: Marriage and Sexuality in the Indic Courts of Java and Bali]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Oksong: Routledge. Hlm. 8. ISBN 0-7656-0160-5.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|Q49326}} hgfuoww7mt9a5aika8kyj0o7oc4rtf9 0 3827265 7374278 2026-10-25T14:28:17Z JumadilM 2556400 mombuak halamang baru 7374278 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vietnam_(orthographic_projection).svg|thumb|Wilayana Pieknang (hijo) di dunia (abu-abu).]] '''Pieknang''' adala sala satu nagara yang torlotak paling timur di Datarang Utama Asia Tonggara dalang kawasang Asia Tonggara. Bontuk wilayana Pieknang monyorupai hurup ''S'' dengang luas 331.688 kilometer porsogi. Wilayana Pieknang awalna torbagi monjadi sobanyak 64 poropingsi dan monjadi hanya sobanyak 34 Poropingsi sojak Juni 2025 M. Lobi dari satenga wilayana Pieknang morupakang kawasang hutang yang dilalui ole sungai Mekong sabagai sungai torbosarna. Banderana Pieknang hanya momiliki dua warna yaitu mera sabagai warna dasarna dang sobua bintang borwarna kuning di bagiang tongana yang molambangkang Partai Komunis Pieknang. Sobagiang bosar wilayana Pieknang borada dalam pamarentahang ponguasa-ponguasana Tiongkok sojak abak ke-11 Sobolung Masihi hingga awwalak abak ke-10 Masihi. Sodangkang sobagiang kocil lainna dikuasai ole Korajaang Punang dang Korajaang Campa. Pada tahung 1859 M, wilayana Pieknang dijaja ole Porancis hingga tahung 1941 M. Namung solama masa panjajahang Porancis, pamarentahang lokal totak dibarikang kopada Dinasti Nguyeng yang monjadi dinasti torahir d Pieknang hingga tahung 1941. Pada tahung 1941, wilayana Pieknang sompak dikuasai ole pasukang Japang hingga tahun 1945. Sotola Japang kala dalang porang, Pieknang monyatakang kamardekaanna dang monjadi sobua nagara bardaulak. Sojak tahung 1986 M, Pamarenta Pieknang mulai monorakkang kobijakang pomoncarang kokuasaang pada sotiak pongambilang kaputusang dalang pamarentahang yang disobuk ''Doi Moi''. Pombangunang utama di daratanna Pieknang moliputi pombangunang jalang, jambatang, kanalak dang tarowongang. Dalang kawasang Asia Tonggara, Pieknang morupakang sala satu nagara anggotana Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara. Pieknang momiliki porsolisihang luar nagari dengang Tiongkok dalang ponguasaang atas wilaya lauk di Lauk Tiongkok Salatang. == Wilaya == [[File:Vietnam_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_VNM_-_UNOCHA.svg|thumb|Wilayana Pieknang (puti) di Datarang Utama Asia Tonggara (abu-abu) yang monampilkang alirang sungai Mekong (garis biru)..]] Wilayana Pieknang torlotak di Datarang Utama Asia Tonggara dang borkodudukang sabagai sobua nagara.<ref>Terry, H., dang Atua, Y. A. (2023) ''[https://repository.penerbiteureka.com/media/publications/565603-buku-ajar-sejarah-asia-tenggara-54b20f0b.pdf Sejarah Asia Tenggara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Purbalingga: Eureka Media Aksara. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-623-151-828-6.</ref> Lokasi wilayana Pieknang torlotak di paling timur Datarang Utama Asia Tonggara. Pieknang borbatasang darak dengang Tiongkok, Laos, dang Kamboja. Tiongkok borbatasang dengang Pieknang di bagiang porbatasan utarana Pieknang. Laos borbatasang dengang Pieknang di bagiang porbatasan barak laukna Pieknang. Sadangkang Kamboja borbatasang dengang Pieknang di bagiang porbatasan barak dayana Pieknang. Somontara itu, bagiang timurna Pieknang borbatasang dengang Lauk Tiongkok Salatang.<ref name=":0">Mandala, Subianta (Juni 2025) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pengantar_Hukum_ASEAN/Oa6ZEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Vietnam+berbatasan&pg=PA147&printsec=frontcover Pengantar Hukum ASEAN]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Mandala, Austin Giovani. Bantul: CV. Ananta Vidya. Hlm. 147. ISBN 978-623-8783-84-7.</ref> Di kawasang Lauk Tiongkok Salatang, wilaya laukna Pieknang borbatasang dengang wilaya laukna nagara Indonesia yaitu di kawasang Kopuloang Natuna.<ref>Marihandono, D., dkk. (2019). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_wilayah_perbatasan_Kepulauan_Nat/8EA6BeH262sC?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=pembagian+administrasi+Vietnam&dq=pembagian+administrasi+Vietnam&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Wilayah Perbatasan Kepulauan Natuna: Mutiara di Ujung Utara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Direktorak Sejara, Direktorak Jenderal Kabudayaang, Kemontoriang Pandidikang dang Kabudayaang Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 183. ISBN 978-623-709-235-3.</ref> Luas wilayana Pieknang adala 331.688 kilometer porsogi.<ref name=":1">Hariyani, S., dang Agustin, I. W. (Oktoberek 2020) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Transportasi_Air/BCQOEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=pembagian+administrasi+Vietnam&pg=PA61&printsec=frontcover Transportasi Air: Penunjang Keberlanjutan Suatu Negara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Kota Malang: UB PressHlm. 61. ISBN 978-623-296-078-7.</ref> Bontuk wilayana Pieknang monyorupai hurup ''S'' karana wilayana momanjang dari utara ke salatang. Panjang wiayana Pieknang dari utara ke salatang adala 1.650 kilometer dengang posisir sopanjang 3.260 kilometer. Sadangkang lebarna wilaya Pieknang barbeda-beda antara 50 kilometer hingga 600 kilometer. Wilaya torlebarna Pieknang torlotak di bagiang utara Pieknang yaitu 600 kilometer. Sadangkang wilaya lainna yang torlebar yaitu bagiang salatanna Pieknang dengang lebar 400 kilometer.<ref name=":4">Kristono, Andy. (2012). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Wisata_Hemat_Hanoi_dan_Sekitarnya/MCtIDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Hanoi&pg=PA70&printsec=frontcover Wisata Hemat: Hanoi dan Sekitarnya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-602-00-2988-7.</ref> Somontara itu, wilayana Pieknang dengang lebar torsompik dari utara ke salatang torlotak di bagiang tonga yang borbatasang dengang nagara Laos.<ref>Wood, John. (Mei 2014). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengembangkan_Ruang_Baca/WDR_CwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Geografi+Vietnam&pg=PA14&printsec=frontcover Mengembangkan Ruang Baca]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Aunullah, Indi. [Creating Room to Read: A Story of Hope in the Battle for Global Literacy] Ditorjomakang ole Toha, Adi. Tangerang Salatang: Pustaka Alvabet. Hlm. 14. ISBN 978-602-9193-47-3.</ref> Lebar wilaya bagiang tongana Pieknang hanya 50 kilometer.<ref name=":4" /> Pada awal pombontukanna, wilayana Pieknang torbagi monjadi sobanyak 64 poropingsi.<ref>Naipospos, Tri Satya Putri (Agustusuk 2007). ''[https://civas.net/sites/default/files/book/kesehatan-hewan-kesejahteraan-manusia-tata-naipospos.pdf Kesehatan Hewan untuk Kesejahteraan Manusia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bogor: CIVAS Press. Hlm. 42. ISBN 978-979-16725-0-4.</ref> Namung pada tahung 2025, Majelis Nasional Pieknang tola monyotujui porubahang jumalla poropingsi di wilayana Pieknang monjadi hanya 34 poropingsi. Pomborlakuang rosmi porubahang torsobuk dimulai sojak tanggalak 12 Juni 2025. Dari 34 poropingsi tordapat annang poropingsi yang borkodudukang sabagai kota sotingkak poropingsi yang diparenta langsung ole pamarenta pusakna Pieknang.<ref>Báo Lao Động (12 Juni 2025) "[https://www.vietnam.vn/id/ten-34-tinh-thanh-cua-viet-nam-tu-12-6-2025 Nama-nama 34 provinsi dan kota di Vietnam per tanggal 12 Juni 2025]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Dirilis ole Dopartemeng Impormasi Dasar dang mpormasi Luar Nogori. Kamantariang Budaya, Olaraga dang Pariwisata.</ref> == Sejara == [[File:Eastern_Central_and_Southern_Asia_ca_440_AD.jpg|thumb|Tiga korajaang yang monguasai wilayana Pieknang pada tahun 440 M: Korajaang Punang (hijo), Korajaang Campa (mera muda) dang Dinasti Selatan Tiongkok (kuning).]] Sobagiang bosar wilayana Pieknang borada dalam pamarentahang ponguasa-ponguasana Tiongkok sojak abak ke-11 Sobolung Masihi hingga awwalak abak ke-10 Masihi.<ref name=":0" /> Namung di kawasang bagiang tonga dang bagian salatang wilayana Pieknang tordapak dua korajaang Hindu yaitu Korajaang Punang dang Korajaang Campa. Wilayana Korajaang Punang torlotak di sakitar Delta Mekong. Sadangkang wilayana Korajaang Campa borada di sobagiang kacil wilaya bagiang tonga dang bagiang salatanna Pieknang. Kodua korajaang torsobuk monganuk dang monorakkang ajarang agama Hindu yang borasal dari kawasang India. Sisteng pamarentaanna monjadikang raja sabagai ponguasa tortinggi dang monganggak raja sabagai utusang dewa yang dikiring untuk momimping manusia di dunia.<ref>Wibowo, Mardian. (2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Relasi_Kekuasaan_Negara_dan_Hukum/LEEhEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=sistem+administrasi+Vietnam&pg=PA56&printsec=frontcover Relasi Kekuasaan, Negara dan Hukum]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: PT Pustaka Obor Indonesia. Hlm. 56. ISBN 978-623-6421-90-1.</ref> [[File:Loan12Suquan_EN.png|thumb|Wilayana Korajaang Dai Piek (kuning) yang monjadi korajaang portama di Pieknang yang dikuasai ole ponguasa lokal.]] Pada tahun 938 M, ponguasa-ponguasa lokal di wilayana Pieknang mondirikang dinasti torsondiri yang borpisa dari kokuasaang ponjajahang Tiongkok yang saak itu dikuasai ole Dinasti Tang. Pomisahang kokuasaang torrjadi solama masa komundurang pongaru kokuasaang Dinasti Tang atas wilaya Tongking di bagiang utarana Pieknang.<ref>Groslier, Bernard Phillip (2007). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Indocina/BPFnyXTEQb8C?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Dinasti+Vietnam&pg=PA193&printsec=frontcover Indocina: Persilangan Budaya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Perret, D., dang Couteau, J. [Indochine, Carrefour des Arts]. Ditorjomakang dari bahasa Porancis ole Husen, Ida Sundari. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. Hlm. 193. ISBN 979-9023-87-4.</ref> Pada tahun 939 Masihi, seorang ponguasa lokal bornama Ngo Kuyeng mondirikang monarki di wilayana Pieknang, monjadi raja dang momisakang kokuasaang atas wilayana Pieknang dari ponguasa-ponguasana Tiongkok. Solama boborapa abak sojak abak ke-10 Masihi, pamarentahang di wilayana Pieknang dikuasai ole boborapa resing ponguasa yang barbeda.<ref name=":0" /> Dinasti lokal portama yang borkuasa atas wilayana Pieknang adala Dinasti Ngo yang borkuasa sojak tahung 939–968 M dengang Ngo Kuyeng sabagai pondiri sokaligus raja portamana. Nama korajaang portama yang didirikang di wilayana Pieknang adala Korajaang Dai Piek. Sotola itu, wilayana Pieknang dikuasai ole sobanyak 15 dinasti lokal lainna yang borkuasa dengang masa wattu yang borurutang.<ref>Wiharyanto, A. Kardiyat. (2005). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Asia_Tenggara_zaman_pranasionalisme/2IVuAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Dinasti+Vietnam&dq=Dinasti+Vietnam&printsec=frontcover Asia Tenggara Zaman Pranasionalisme]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Universitas Sanata Dharma. Hlm. 134. ISBN 978-979-892-782-9.</ref> Pada tahung 1859 M, wilayana Pieknang dijaja ole Porancis hingga tahung 1941 M totapi pamarentahang lokal totak dibarikang kopada Dinasti Nguyeng yang monjadi dinasti torahir d Pieknang.<ref name=":2">Sutojo, Muti () ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Jelajah_50_Negara/6CxIDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=jajah+Prancis+Vietnam&pg=PA159&printsec=frontcover Jelajah 50 Negara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hardiani, Riza. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 159. ISBN 978-602-029-488-9.</ref><ref name=":3">Putro, H. P. H., dang Furqan, A. (Marek 2024) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/PENGEMBANGAN_KOTA_BERBASIS_PARIWISATA_PU/a8MAEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=wilayah+administrasi+Vietnam&pg=PA66&printsec=frontcover ''Pengembangan Kota Berbasis Pariwisata Pusaka Berkelanjutan''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Munadjat. Badung: CV. Intelektual Manifes Media. Hlm. 66. ISBN 978-623-8528-19-6.</ref> Pada tahung 1941 M, pasukang Japang monaklukang wlayana Pieknang dari Porancis.<ref name=":2" /> Dinasti Nguyeng totak dibari kokuasaang atas Pieknang hingga tahung 1945 M.<ref name=":3" /> Pada tahung torsobuk, pasukanna Japang mongalami kokalahang dalang poporangang sohingga wilayana Pieknang torbagi monjadi dua kokuasaang yaitu ole pasukang yang dipimping ole Ho Ci Ming dang pasukang Porancis. Ho Ci Ming dang pasukanna monguasai wilaya bagiang utarana Pieknang. Sadangkang pasukang Porancis monguasai wilaya bagiang salatang Pieknang. Pasukanna Ho Ci Ming dang pasukang Porancis ahirna mulai borporang untuk saling monguasai wilaya Pieknang socara kosoluruhang hingga tahung 1954.<ref name=":2" /> Porang Pieknang borahir pada tahung 1975 dengang ponyatuang Pieknang dang dibontukna pamarentaang baru dengang kokuaaang tunggal atas Pieknang di Hanoi.<ref>David L. Anderson (2005) ‘‘[http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/19744/1/6.pdf The Vietnam War]’’ dalang ''Twentieth-Century Wars'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Disunting ole Black, Jeremy. Basingsetok: Dopartemeng Layanag Polanggang, Macmillan Distribution. Hlm. viii. ISBN 978-0-333-77101-3.</ref> == Kondisi alang == Sokitar 57,6% dari wilaya daratanna Pieknang morupakang kawasang hutang. Luas kawasang hutang di Pieknang adala 12,62 juta hettar. Kawasang hutang di Pieknang dibedakang monjadi kawasang hutang alang dang kawasang hutang tanamang. Luas kawasang hutang alang di Pieknang adala 10,28 juta hettar dang luas kawasang hutang tanamang di Pieknang adala 2,33 juta hettar.<ref>Colfer, C. J. P., dkk. (2009). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pelajaran_dari_desentralisasi_kehutanan/W3fJxiPLV6UC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=64+Provinsi+Vietnam&pg=PA212&printsec=frontcover Pelajaran dari Desentralisasi Kehutanan: Mencari Tata Kelola yang Baik dan Berkeadilan di Asia-Pasifik]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 212. ISBN 978-979-1412-80-3.</ref> Wilayana Pieknang dilalui ole sobua sungai torbosar di kawasang Datarang Utama Asia Tonggara yaitu sungai Mekong. Alirang sungai Mekong dimulai dari Tibek di Tiongkok hingga borahir di Lauk Tiongkok Salatang dalang wilayana Pieknang. Panjang kosoluruhang aliranna sungai Mekong adala 4.350 kilometer.<ref>Irewati, Awani (2018). ''[https://pustaka.teknokrat.ac.id/repository/1db7d652d2f9246b0dc95ed5f0aeb82d.pdf Dinamika Kerja Sama Subregional di Asia Tenggara: Greater Mekong Subregion]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: LIPI Press. Hlm. 3. ISBN 978-979-799-993-3.</ref> Alirang sungai Mekong dang anak sungaina di bagiang barak daya Pieknang mombontuk delta yang disobuk Delta Mekong soluas 39.000 kilometer porsogi.<ref name=":1" /> == Pamarentahang == === Pamarenta dang bandera pamarentahang === [[File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg|thumb|Bandera Pieknang.]] Banderana Pieknang hanya momiliki dua warna yaitu mera dang kuning. Warna mera monjadi warna dasarna soluru bandera Pieknang. Sakdangkang warna kuning torlotak di tonga-tonga bandera dang borbontuk bintang.<ref>Ruri (2012) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/backpacking_3_negara_5_kota/dwRGDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Backpacking++3+Negara+5+Kota&pg=PR8&printsec=frontcover Backpacking 3 Negara 5 Kota: Vietnam – Kamboja – Malaysia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 2. ISBN 978-602-02-0146-7.</ref> Warna mera pada banderana Pieknang molambangkang repolusi dang kojayaang. Sakdangkang warna kuning pada banderana Pieknang molambangkang kopomimpinang. Kodua warna torsobuk monjadi ponanda bahwa Pieknang dipimpin ole Partai Komunis Pieknang. Bintang borwarna kuning pada banderana Pieknang mowakili para buru, tantara, patani, pomuda dang condokiawang. Banderana Pieknang tola digunakang socara rosmi pongibaranna sojak tanggalak 30 Nopemberek 1955 M.<ref>Marfauzi (Oktoberek 2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Vietnam/kuTPEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Bendera+Vietnam&pg=PA24&printsec=frontcover Seri Negara ASEAN: Vietnam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Ardyansyah, Dhany. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Hlm. 24. ISBN 978-602-444-994-0.</ref> Ponggunaang banderana Pieknang portama kali dilakukang ole Pamarenta Pieknang Utara dang komudiang disosuaikang dang digunakang ole Pamarenta Pieknang sotola ponyatuang Pieknang Utara dengang Pieknang Salatang.<ref>Kawilarang, Harry (1984). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Dunia_di_tengah_kemelut/0UomAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Bendera+Vietnam+Utara&dq=Bendera+Vietnam+Utara&printsec=frontcover Dunia di Tengah Kemelut: Bunga Rampai Masalah Internasional, 1983-1984]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. Hlm. 124.</ref> === Urusang dalam nagari === Sojak tahung 1986 M, Pamarenta Pieknang mulai monorakkang kobijakang pomoncarang kokuasaang pada sotiak pongambilang kaputusang dalang pamarentahang. Kobijakang ini disobuk ''Doi Moi''. Kobijakang Doi Moi mombuak pamarantehang di Pieknang momiliki boborapa tingkatang kokuasaang sotingkak daera. Sojak diborlakukanna Doi Moi, pamarenta daera di Pieknang momiliki lobi banyak kokuasaang untuk mongatur sumber daya dari daera kokuasanna masing-masing.<ref>Wong, G., dkk. (2022). ''[https://www.cifor-icraf.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/REDD-Benefit-Sharing-ID.pdf Desain Mekanisme Pembagian Manfaat REDD+: Dari Kebijakan ke Praktik]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bogor Barak: Pusak Ponolitiang Kohutanang Mancanagara (CIFOR). Hlm. 8. ISBN 978-602-51379-4-5.</ref> Sejak ahir abak ke-20 Masihi, sisteng pulitik yang ditorakkang di Pieknang borupa partai tunggalak dalang bontuk sosialis.<ref>Setiawan, Asep. () ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Konsep_dan_Isu_Isu_Hubungan_Internasiona/BG9xEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=sistem+pemerintahan+Vietnam&pg=PA72&printsec=frontcover Konsep dan Isu-isu Hubungan Internasional Kontemporer]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Salemang: Penerbit Deepublish. Hlm. 72. ISBN 978-634-200-471-5.</ref> === Urusang luar nagari === ==== Korja sama luar nagari ==== [[File:Location_Vietnam_ASEAN.svg|thumb|Lokasina Pieknang (hijo) dengang nagara anggota Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara lainna (abu-abu golak).]] Dalang kawasang Asia Tonggara, Pieknang morupakang sala satu nagara anggotana Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara.<ref>Pusak Kajiang Kobijakang Indonesia (2021). ''[https://shop.freiheit.org/download/P2@1150/505813/Membangun%20Ketahanan%20Pangan%20dan%20Mengelola%20Risiko%20di%20Asia%20Tenggara.pdf Membangun Ketahanan Pangan dan Mengelola Risiko di Asia Tenggara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Suwastoyo, Bhimanto. [''Building Food Security and Managing Risk in Southeast Asia'']. Ditorjomakang dari bahasa Inggirisi ole Gabriell Firdausy Erfan, Mohammad. Yayasan Cipta Sentosa, Friedrich Naumann Foundation Indonesia, dang Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 25. ISBN 978-602-51379-4-5.</ref> Pieknang monjadi anggotana Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara sojak tanggalak 28 Juli 1995 dang monjadi nagara anggota yang kotuju.<ref>Dewi, Ni Putu Candra Prastya (Peberuari 2020). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/BUKU_AJAR_MATA_PELAJARAN_SEKOLAH_DASAR_P/nRDUDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Vietnam+anggota+ASEAN&pg=PA106&printsec=frontcover Mata Pelajaran Sekolah Ajar: PKN dan Pancasila]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Sedana, I Made. Badung: Nilacakra. Hlm. 106. ISBN 978-623-7352-23-5.</ref> Pieknang morupakang sala satu nagara anggotana Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara. Namung Pieknang bukang tormasuk sabagai lima nagara porintis Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara pada bulang Agustus 1967.<ref>Rahmawati (2025). ''[http://repositori.uin-alauddin.ac.id/30411/1/Rahmawati-Sejarah%20Islam%20Asia%20Tenggara.pdf Sejarah Islam Asia Tenggara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Hamidin, Aep Syaiful. Bandung: Manggu Makmur Tanjung Lestari (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 4–5. ISBN 978-623-8234-67-7.</ref> Pongambilang koputusang torhadak ponorimaang Pieknang sabagai nagara anggotana Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara dilakukang solama portomuang kodua pulu dalapang antara para mantari luar nagari dari nagara anggota Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara. Portomuang torsobuk borlangsung pada tanggalak 29 Juli hingga 30 Juli 1995 M di Bandar Seri Begawang dalang wilayana Borunei Darussalang.<ref>Prasetyo, Aji. (2017). ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/24057/1/Seni%20diplomasi%20Indonesia.pdf Seni Diplomasi Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Haryono, dkk. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Repub li k Indonesia. Hlm. 103. ISBN 978-602-1289-58-7.</ref> Borgabungna Pieknang dalang Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara torjadi sotola pordamaiang dengan nagara Kamboja yang tola diusahakang ole Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara dang Porsorikatang Bangsa-Bangsa. Ponorimaang Pieknang sabagai anggotana Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara disotujui ole nagara anggota lainna karana usahana Pamarenta Pieknang untuk mongadakang pordamaiang dang monjaling hubungang baik dengang nagara-nagara totanggana di Asia Tonggara.<ref>Wiharyanto, A. Kardiyat (2012). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Asia_Tenggara/V5h9EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Vietnam+kerja+sama+ASEAN&pg=PA186&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Asia Tenggara: Dari Awal Tumbuhnya Nasionalisme sampai Terbangunnya Kerja Sama ASEAN]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Haryono, Anton. Yogoyakarta: Sanata Dharma University Press. Hlm. 186. ISBN 978-602-9187-20-5</ref> ==== Porsolisihang luar nagari ==== Pieknang momiliki porsolisihang luar nagari dengang Tiongkok dalang ponguasaang atas wilaya lauk di Lauk Tiongkok Salatang. Porsilisihang torjadi antara Pieknang dang Tiongkok torjadi karana Lauk Tiongkok Salatang morupakang porbatasang lauk utama antara Pieknang dang Tiongkok. Lauk Tiongkok Salatang manjadi sumber daya mariting utamana Pieknang yang borbatasang langsung dengang soluru posisir wilayana sohingga borpongaru torhadak koadaang pulitik dang ekonomina Pieknang. Koboradaang parajurik Angkatang Lauk Tiongkok di sopanjang Lauk Tiongkok Salatang dianggak sabagai ancamang bagi wilaya di soluru posisirna Pieknang.<ref>Pamungkas, C., dkk. (2020). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Analisis_Budaya_Dan_Implikasi_Sosial_Eko/9ksIEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Vietnam+anggota+ASEAN&pg=PA151&printsec=frontcover Analisis Budaya dan Implikasi Sosial Ekonomi dalam Praktik Sabuk Jalan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Tantri, Erlita. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press. Hlm. 151. ISBN 978-602-473-648-4.</ref> Porsilisihang antara Pieknang dang Tiongkok torutama dalang ponyodiaang sumber daya porikanang yang torsodia di Lauk Tiongkok Salatang.<ref>Rusmiyati, dkk. (Desemberek 2022). ''[http://eprints2.ipdn.ac.id/id/eprint/1212/1/23.%20Manajemen%20Perbatasan%20Daerah.pdf Manajemen Perbatasan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Suniarti, Sri. Bandung: CV Cendekia Press. Hlm. 65. ISBN 978-623-5466-12-5.</ref> == Pombangunang == Pombangunang utama di daratanna Pieknang moliputi pombangunang jalang, jambatang, kanalak dang tarowongang.<ref>Hamzah, Ahmad Cholis (2025) ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=lo6gEQAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA344&dq=Jalan+Jembatan+Vietnam&hl=id&source=newbks_fb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jalan%20Jembatan%20Vietnam&f=false Menyigi Negeri, Membaca Dunia - Kumpulan Tulisan Dinamika Isu-Isu Nasional dan Internasional]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Surabaya: Airlangga University Press. Hlm. 344. ISBN 978-634-7497-07-9.</ref><ref>Imanuel, A. A., Pribadiyono dang Riduwan, A. (2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/STRATEGI_MANAJEMEN_KERAJAAN_VIETNAM_ULAS/mlPJEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jalan+Jembatan+Vietnam&pg=PA107&printsec=frontcover Strategi Manajemen Kerajaan Vietnam: Ulasan dari Perspektif Foucault]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Sulistyan, Riza Bahtiar. Surabaya: Scopindo Media Pustaka. Hlm. 107. ISBN 978-623-365-499-9.</ref> Ponggunaang jalang di Pieknang monggunakang sisteng lajur kanang. Sotiak pongguna jalang di Pieknang wajik borada di bagiang kanang jalang kotika sedang molintasi jalang. Sisteng lajur kanang digunakang di Pieknang sojak masa panjajahang Porancis dang torus borlanjuk hingga masa kamardekaanna Pieknang dari Porancis.<ref>Sihmanto (Apirilik 2010) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Rp2_Jutaan_Keliling_Vietnam_Dalam_15_Hai/-nnHutSGIjoC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Vietnam&pg=PA192&printsec=frontcover Rp2 Jutaan Keliling Vietnam dalam 15 Hari]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Henny, Ikhdah. Yogoyakarta: Penerbit B-First. Hlm. 192. ISBN 978-979-24-3891-8.</ref> Sadangkang kanalak di wilaya bagiang barak dayana Pieknang torutama di kawasang Delta Mekong monjadi sarana utama untuk borkondara dengang momampaakkang porairang sungai.<ref name=":1" /> Sojak tahung 2005 M, Pamarenta Pieknang tola mombarikang kowenangang kopada pamarentahang daera sotingkak poropingsi untuk mongurus urusang ponyodiaang modal dang pondaptarang usaha di wilaya pamarentahanna masing-masing. Pomboriang kowenangang kopada pamarentahang daera sotingkak poropingsi d Pieknang mombuak kogiatang usaha di Pieknang mongalami porkombangang pongaturang kobijakang pamarenta di tingkak daera. Pongaturang kobijakang pamarenta di tingkak daera mombuak sotiak poropingsi di wilayana Pieknang momiliki usaha has daerana masing-masing yang barbeda dengang daera lainna.<ref>Organisasi Korja Sama dang Pombangunang Ekonomi (2020). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kajian_Kebijakan_Investasi_OECD_Indonesi/vhAVEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Provinsi+Vietnam&pg=PA273&printsec=frontcover Kajian Kebijakan Investasi OECD Indonesia 2020]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Paris: OECD Publishing. Hlm. 273. ISBN 978-92-64-57690-2.</ref> == Kapandudukang == === Jumalla dang kalompok eknik === Jumalla pondudukna Pieknang sakitar 25 juta orang. Sakitar soporlima dari jumalla pondudukna Pieknang morupakang suku-suku yang hiduk di pogunungang. Wilayana Pieknang dihuni sadikikna sobanyak 54 kalompok eknik.<ref>Bac, V. H., dkk. (2022). ''[https://cms.religion.vn/upload/documents/29_08_2023/dowload-2023-08-29-17-19-06.pdf Religions and Religious Policy in Vietnam]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Hanoi: Komisi Pamarenta untuk Urusang Koagamaang. Hlm. 7.</ref> === Koagamaang === Sakitar tiga parampak dari jumalla pondudukna Pieknang morupakang ponganuk agama Buda. Ponganutang agama Buda di Pieknang tola dimulai sojak awal abak kadua Masihi. Somontara itu, sakitar soporlima pondudukna Pieknang yang borasal dari suku-suku pogunungang morupakang ponganuk koyanikang lokal.<ref>Tu, Thich Nhat (2019). ''[https://www.chuagiacngo.com/sites/default/files/huong-dan/book_tnt/buddhism_in_vietnam_-_history_traditions_and_societies.pdf Buddhism in Vietnam: History, Traditions and Society]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Hanoi: Religion Publisher. Hlm. 3. ISBN 978-604-61-6268-1.</ref> Solaing itu, tordapak ponduduk Pieknang yang monjadi pomoluk agama Islang dang monjadi musling.<ref>Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir (Apiril 2020). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedi_Sejarah_Islam/YfDbDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Ensiklopedia Sejarah Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Artawijaya dang Hasmand, F. Ditorjomakang dari bahasa Arab ole Taufik, M., dkk. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 868. ISBN 978-979-592-835-5.</ref> Pada tahung 1999, jumalla ponduduk musling di Pieknang sakitar 662 ribu orang dang moncakuk sobosar 1% dari jumalla pondudukna Pieknang. Namung pada tahun 2010, jumalla ponduduk musling di Pieknang hanya sakitar 160 ribu orang dang hanya moncakuk sobosar 0,2% dari jumalla pondudukna Pieknang.<ref>Asari, Hasan (Juni 2019). ''[http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/8367/1/BUKU%20SEJARAH%20ISLAM%20MODERN.pdf Sejarah Islam Modern: Agama dalam Negosiasi Historis Sejak Abad XIX]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Medang: Perdana Publishing. Hlm. 95. ISBN 978-623-7160-32-8.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> i2pte8oter1adq5tqats0zsn0rjc99y 7374279 7374278 2026-10-25T14:28:51Z JumadilM 2556400 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q881]] 7374279 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vietnam_(orthographic_projection).svg|thumb|Wilayana Pieknang (hijo) di dunia (abu-abu).]] '''Pieknang''' adala sala satu nagara yang torlotak paling timur di Datarang Utama Asia Tonggara dalang kawasang Asia Tonggara. Bontuk wilayana Pieknang monyorupai hurup ''S'' dengang luas 331.688 kilometer porsogi. Wilayana Pieknang awalna torbagi monjadi sobanyak 64 poropingsi dan monjadi hanya sobanyak 34 Poropingsi sojak Juni 2025 M. Lobi dari satenga wilayana Pieknang morupakang kawasang hutang yang dilalui ole sungai Mekong sabagai sungai torbosarna. Banderana Pieknang hanya momiliki dua warna yaitu mera sabagai warna dasarna dang sobua bintang borwarna kuning di bagiang tongana yang molambangkang Partai Komunis Pieknang. Sobagiang bosar wilayana Pieknang borada dalam pamarentahang ponguasa-ponguasana Tiongkok sojak abak ke-11 Sobolung Masihi hingga awwalak abak ke-10 Masihi. Sodangkang sobagiang kocil lainna dikuasai ole Korajaang Punang dang Korajaang Campa. Pada tahung 1859 M, wilayana Pieknang dijaja ole Porancis hingga tahung 1941 M. Namung solama masa panjajahang Porancis, pamarentahang lokal totak dibarikang kopada Dinasti Nguyeng yang monjadi dinasti torahir d Pieknang hingga tahung 1941. Pada tahung 1941, wilayana Pieknang sompak dikuasai ole pasukang Japang hingga tahun 1945. Sotola Japang kala dalang porang, Pieknang monyatakang kamardekaanna dang monjadi sobua nagara bardaulak. Sojak tahung 1986 M, Pamarenta Pieknang mulai monorakkang kobijakang pomoncarang kokuasaang pada sotiak pongambilang kaputusang dalang pamarentahang yang disobuk ''Doi Moi''. Pombangunang utama di daratanna Pieknang moliputi pombangunang jalang, jambatang, kanalak dang tarowongang. Dalang kawasang Asia Tonggara, Pieknang morupakang sala satu nagara anggotana Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara. Pieknang momiliki porsolisihang luar nagari dengang Tiongkok dalang ponguasaang atas wilaya lauk di Lauk Tiongkok Salatang. == Wilaya == [[File:Vietnam_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_VNM_-_UNOCHA.svg|thumb|Wilayana Pieknang (puti) di Datarang Utama Asia Tonggara (abu-abu) yang monampilkang alirang sungai Mekong (garis biru)..]] Wilayana Pieknang torlotak di Datarang Utama Asia Tonggara dang borkodudukang sabagai sobua nagara.<ref>Terry, H., dang Atua, Y. A. (2023) ''[https://repository.penerbiteureka.com/media/publications/565603-buku-ajar-sejarah-asia-tenggara-54b20f0b.pdf Sejarah Asia Tenggara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Purbalingga: Eureka Media Aksara. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-623-151-828-6.</ref> Lokasi wilayana Pieknang torlotak di paling timur Datarang Utama Asia Tonggara. Pieknang borbatasang darak dengang Tiongkok, Laos, dang Kamboja. Tiongkok borbatasang dengang Pieknang di bagiang porbatasan utarana Pieknang. Laos borbatasang dengang Pieknang di bagiang porbatasan barak laukna Pieknang. Sadangkang Kamboja borbatasang dengang Pieknang di bagiang porbatasan barak dayana Pieknang. Somontara itu, bagiang timurna Pieknang borbatasang dengang Lauk Tiongkok Salatang.<ref name=":0">Mandala, Subianta (Juni 2025) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pengantar_Hukum_ASEAN/Oa6ZEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Vietnam+berbatasan&pg=PA147&printsec=frontcover Pengantar Hukum ASEAN]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Mandala, Austin Giovani. Bantul: CV. Ananta Vidya. Hlm. 147. ISBN 978-623-8783-84-7.</ref> Di kawasang Lauk Tiongkok Salatang, wilaya laukna Pieknang borbatasang dengang wilaya laukna nagara Indonesia yaitu di kawasang Kopuloang Natuna.<ref>Marihandono, D., dkk. (2019). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_wilayah_perbatasan_Kepulauan_Nat/8EA6BeH262sC?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=pembagian+administrasi+Vietnam&dq=pembagian+administrasi+Vietnam&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Wilayah Perbatasan Kepulauan Natuna: Mutiara di Ujung Utara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Direktorak Sejara, Direktorak Jenderal Kabudayaang, Kemontoriang Pandidikang dang Kabudayaang Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 183. ISBN 978-623-709-235-3.</ref> Luas wilayana Pieknang adala 331.688 kilometer porsogi.<ref name=":1">Hariyani, S., dang Agustin, I. W. (Oktoberek 2020) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Transportasi_Air/BCQOEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=pembagian+administrasi+Vietnam&pg=PA61&printsec=frontcover Transportasi Air: Penunjang Keberlanjutan Suatu Negara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Kota Malang: UB PressHlm. 61. ISBN 978-623-296-078-7.</ref> Bontuk wilayana Pieknang monyorupai hurup ''S'' karana wilayana momanjang dari utara ke salatang. Panjang wiayana Pieknang dari utara ke salatang adala 1.650 kilometer dengang posisir sopanjang 3.260 kilometer. Sadangkang lebarna wilaya Pieknang barbeda-beda antara 50 kilometer hingga 600 kilometer. Wilaya torlebarna Pieknang torlotak di bagiang utara Pieknang yaitu 600 kilometer. Sadangkang wilaya lainna yang torlebar yaitu bagiang salatanna Pieknang dengang lebar 400 kilometer.<ref name=":4">Kristono, Andy. (2012). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Wisata_Hemat_Hanoi_dan_Sekitarnya/MCtIDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Hanoi&pg=PA70&printsec=frontcover Wisata Hemat: Hanoi dan Sekitarnya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-602-00-2988-7.</ref> Somontara itu, wilayana Pieknang dengang lebar torsompik dari utara ke salatang torlotak di bagiang tonga yang borbatasang dengang nagara Laos.<ref>Wood, John. (Mei 2014). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Mengembangkan_Ruang_Baca/WDR_CwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Geografi+Vietnam&pg=PA14&printsec=frontcover Mengembangkan Ruang Baca]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Aunullah, Indi. [Creating Room to Read: A Story of Hope in the Battle for Global Literacy] Ditorjomakang ole Toha, Adi. Tangerang Salatang: Pustaka Alvabet. Hlm. 14. ISBN 978-602-9193-47-3.</ref> Lebar wilaya bagiang tongana Pieknang hanya 50 kilometer.<ref name=":4" /> Pada awal pombontukanna, wilayana Pieknang torbagi monjadi sobanyak 64 poropingsi.<ref>Naipospos, Tri Satya Putri (Agustusuk 2007). ''[https://civas.net/sites/default/files/book/kesehatan-hewan-kesejahteraan-manusia-tata-naipospos.pdf Kesehatan Hewan untuk Kesejahteraan Manusia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bogor: CIVAS Press. Hlm. 42. ISBN 978-979-16725-0-4.</ref> Namung pada tahung 2025, Majelis Nasional Pieknang tola monyotujui porubahang jumalla poropingsi di wilayana Pieknang monjadi hanya 34 poropingsi. Pomborlakuang rosmi porubahang torsobuk dimulai sojak tanggalak 12 Juni 2025. Dari 34 poropingsi tordapat annang poropingsi yang borkodudukang sabagai kota sotingkak poropingsi yang diparenta langsung ole pamarenta pusakna Pieknang.<ref>Báo Lao Động (12 Juni 2025) "[https://www.vietnam.vn/id/ten-34-tinh-thanh-cua-viet-nam-tu-12-6-2025 Nama-nama 34 provinsi dan kota di Vietnam per tanggal 12 Juni 2025]" (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Dirilis ole Dopartemeng Impormasi Dasar dang mpormasi Luar Nogori. Kamantariang Budaya, Olaraga dang Pariwisata.</ref> == Sejara == [[File:Eastern_Central_and_Southern_Asia_ca_440_AD.jpg|thumb|Tiga korajaang yang monguasai wilayana Pieknang pada tahun 440 M: Korajaang Punang (hijo), Korajaang Campa (mera muda) dang Dinasti Selatan Tiongkok (kuning).]] Sobagiang bosar wilayana Pieknang borada dalam pamarentahang ponguasa-ponguasana Tiongkok sojak abak ke-11 Sobolung Masihi hingga awwalak abak ke-10 Masihi.<ref name=":0" /> Namung di kawasang bagiang tonga dang bagian salatang wilayana Pieknang tordapak dua korajaang Hindu yaitu Korajaang Punang dang Korajaang Campa. Wilayana Korajaang Punang torlotak di sakitar Delta Mekong. Sadangkang wilayana Korajaang Campa borada di sobagiang kacil wilaya bagiang tonga dang bagiang salatanna Pieknang. Kodua korajaang torsobuk monganuk dang monorakkang ajarang agama Hindu yang borasal dari kawasang India. Sisteng pamarentaanna monjadikang raja sabagai ponguasa tortinggi dang monganggak raja sabagai utusang dewa yang dikiring untuk momimping manusia di dunia.<ref>Wibowo, Mardian. (2024). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Relasi_Kekuasaan_Negara_dan_Hukum/LEEhEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=sistem+administrasi+Vietnam&pg=PA56&printsec=frontcover Relasi Kekuasaan, Negara dan Hukum]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: PT Pustaka Obor Indonesia. Hlm. 56. ISBN 978-623-6421-90-1.</ref> [[File:Loan12Suquan_EN.png|thumb|Wilayana Korajaang Dai Piek (kuning) yang monjadi korajaang portama di Pieknang yang dikuasai ole ponguasa lokal.]] Pada tahun 938 M, ponguasa-ponguasa lokal di wilayana Pieknang mondirikang dinasti torsondiri yang borpisa dari kokuasaang ponjajahang Tiongkok yang saak itu dikuasai ole Dinasti Tang. Pomisahang kokuasaang torrjadi solama masa komundurang pongaru kokuasaang Dinasti Tang atas wilaya Tongking di bagiang utarana Pieknang.<ref>Groslier, Bernard Phillip (2007). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Indocina/BPFnyXTEQb8C?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Dinasti+Vietnam&pg=PA193&printsec=frontcover Indocina: Persilangan Budaya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Perret, D., dang Couteau, J. [Indochine, Carrefour des Arts]. Ditorjomakang dari bahasa Porancis ole Husen, Ida Sundari. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. Hlm. 193. ISBN 979-9023-87-4.</ref> Pada tahun 939 Masihi, seorang ponguasa lokal bornama Ngo Kuyeng mondirikang monarki di wilayana Pieknang, monjadi raja dang momisakang kokuasaang atas wilayana Pieknang dari ponguasa-ponguasana Tiongkok. Solama boborapa abak sojak abak ke-10 Masihi, pamarentahang di wilayana Pieknang dikuasai ole boborapa resing ponguasa yang barbeda.<ref name=":0" /> Dinasti lokal portama yang borkuasa atas wilayana Pieknang adala Dinasti Ngo yang borkuasa sojak tahung 939–968 M dengang Ngo Kuyeng sabagai pondiri sokaligus raja portamana. Nama korajaang portama yang didirikang di wilayana Pieknang adala Korajaang Dai Piek. Sotola itu, wilayana Pieknang dikuasai ole sobanyak 15 dinasti lokal lainna yang borkuasa dengang masa wattu yang borurutang.<ref>Wiharyanto, A. Kardiyat. (2005). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Asia_Tenggara_zaman_pranasionalisme/2IVuAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Dinasti+Vietnam&dq=Dinasti+Vietnam&printsec=frontcover Asia Tenggara Zaman Pranasionalisme]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Universitas Sanata Dharma. Hlm. 134. ISBN 978-979-892-782-9.</ref> Pada tahung 1859 M, wilayana Pieknang dijaja ole Porancis hingga tahung 1941 M totapi pamarentahang lokal totak dibarikang kopada Dinasti Nguyeng yang monjadi dinasti torahir d Pieknang.<ref name=":2">Sutojo, Muti () ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Jelajah_50_Negara/6CxIDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=jajah+Prancis+Vietnam&pg=PA159&printsec=frontcover Jelajah 50 Negara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hardiani, Riza. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 159. ISBN 978-602-029-488-9.</ref><ref name=":3">Putro, H. P. H., dang Furqan, A. (Marek 2024) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/PENGEMBANGAN_KOTA_BERBASIS_PARIWISATA_PU/a8MAEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=wilayah+administrasi+Vietnam&pg=PA66&printsec=frontcover ''Pengembangan Kota Berbasis Pariwisata Pusaka Berkelanjutan''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Munadjat. Badung: CV. Intelektual Manifes Media. Hlm. 66. ISBN 978-623-8528-19-6.</ref> Pada tahung 1941 M, pasukang Japang monaklukang wlayana Pieknang dari Porancis.<ref name=":2" /> Dinasti Nguyeng totak dibari kokuasaang atas Pieknang hingga tahung 1945 M.<ref name=":3" /> Pada tahung torsobuk, pasukanna Japang mongalami kokalahang dalang poporangang sohingga wilayana Pieknang torbagi monjadi dua kokuasaang yaitu ole pasukang yang dipimping ole Ho Ci Ming dang pasukang Porancis. Ho Ci Ming dang pasukanna monguasai wilaya bagiang utarana Pieknang. Sadangkang pasukang Porancis monguasai wilaya bagiang salatang Pieknang. Pasukanna Ho Ci Ming dang pasukang Porancis ahirna mulai borporang untuk saling monguasai wilaya Pieknang socara kosoluruhang hingga tahung 1954.<ref name=":2" /> Porang Pieknang borahir pada tahung 1975 dengang ponyatuang Pieknang dang dibontukna pamarentaang baru dengang kokuaaang tunggal atas Pieknang di Hanoi.<ref>David L. Anderson (2005) ‘‘[http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/19744/1/6.pdf The Vietnam War]’’ dalang ''Twentieth-Century Wars'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Disunting ole Black, Jeremy. Basingsetok: Dopartemeng Layanag Polanggang, Macmillan Distribution. Hlm. viii. ISBN 978-0-333-77101-3.</ref> == Kondisi alang == Sokitar 57,6% dari wilaya daratanna Pieknang morupakang kawasang hutang. Luas kawasang hutang di Pieknang adala 12,62 juta hettar. Kawasang hutang di Pieknang dibedakang monjadi kawasang hutang alang dang kawasang hutang tanamang. Luas kawasang hutang alang di Pieknang adala 10,28 juta hettar dang luas kawasang hutang tanamang di Pieknang adala 2,33 juta hettar.<ref>Colfer, C. J. P., dkk. (2009). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pelajaran_dari_desentralisasi_kehutanan/W3fJxiPLV6UC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=64+Provinsi+Vietnam&pg=PA212&printsec=frontcover Pelajaran dari Desentralisasi Kehutanan: Mencari Tata Kelola yang Baik dan Berkeadilan di Asia-Pasifik]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 212. ISBN 978-979-1412-80-3.</ref> Wilayana Pieknang dilalui ole sobua sungai torbosar di kawasang Datarang Utama Asia Tonggara yaitu sungai Mekong. Alirang sungai Mekong dimulai dari Tibek di Tiongkok hingga borahir di Lauk Tiongkok Salatang dalang wilayana Pieknang. Panjang kosoluruhang aliranna sungai Mekong adala 4.350 kilometer.<ref>Irewati, Awani (2018). ''[https://pustaka.teknokrat.ac.id/repository/1db7d652d2f9246b0dc95ed5f0aeb82d.pdf Dinamika Kerja Sama Subregional di Asia Tenggara: Greater Mekong Subregion]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: LIPI Press. Hlm. 3. ISBN 978-979-799-993-3.</ref> Alirang sungai Mekong dang anak sungaina di bagiang barak daya Pieknang mombontuk delta yang disobuk Delta Mekong soluas 39.000 kilometer porsogi.<ref name=":1" /> == Pamarentahang == === Pamarenta dang bandera pamarentahang === [[File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg|thumb|Bandera Pieknang.]] Banderana Pieknang hanya momiliki dua warna yaitu mera dang kuning. Warna mera monjadi warna dasarna soluru bandera Pieknang. Sakdangkang warna kuning torlotak di tonga-tonga bandera dang borbontuk bintang.<ref>Ruri (2012) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/backpacking_3_negara_5_kota/dwRGDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Backpacking++3+Negara+5+Kota&pg=PR8&printsec=frontcover Backpacking 3 Negara 5 Kota: Vietnam – Kamboja – Malaysia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit PT Elex Media Komputindo. Hlm. 2. ISBN 978-602-02-0146-7.</ref> Warna mera pada banderana Pieknang molambangkang repolusi dang kojayaang. Sakdangkang warna kuning pada banderana Pieknang molambangkang kopomimpinang. Kodua warna torsobuk monjadi ponanda bahwa Pieknang dipimpin ole Partai Komunis Pieknang. Bintang borwarna kuning pada banderana Pieknang mowakili para buru, tantara, patani, pomuda dang condokiawang. Banderana Pieknang tola digunakang socara rosmi pongibaranna sojak tanggalak 30 Nopemberek 1955 M.<ref>Marfauzi (Oktoberek 2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Vietnam/kuTPEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Bendera+Vietnam&pg=PA24&printsec=frontcover Seri Negara ASEAN: Vietnam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Ardyansyah, Dhany. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Hlm. 24. ISBN 978-602-444-994-0.</ref> Ponggunaang banderana Pieknang portama kali dilakukang ole Pamarenta Pieknang Utara dang komudiang disosuaikang dang digunakang ole Pamarenta Pieknang sotola ponyatuang Pieknang Utara dengang Pieknang Salatang.<ref>Kawilarang, Harry (1984). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Dunia_di_tengah_kemelut/0UomAAAAMAAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&bsq=Bendera+Vietnam+Utara&dq=Bendera+Vietnam+Utara&printsec=frontcover Dunia di Tengah Kemelut: Bunga Rampai Masalah Internasional, 1983-1984]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. Hlm. 124.</ref> === Urusang dalam nagari === Sojak tahung 1986 M, Pamarenta Pieknang mulai monorakkang kobijakang pomoncarang kokuasaang pada sotiak pongambilang kaputusang dalang pamarentahang. Kobijakang ini disobuk ''Doi Moi''. Kobijakang Doi Moi mombuak pamarantehang di Pieknang momiliki boborapa tingkatang kokuasaang sotingkak daera. Sojak diborlakukanna Doi Moi, pamarenta daera di Pieknang momiliki lobi banyak kokuasaang untuk mongatur sumber daya dari daera kokuasanna masing-masing.<ref>Wong, G., dkk. (2022). ''[https://www.cifor-icraf.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/REDD-Benefit-Sharing-ID.pdf Desain Mekanisme Pembagian Manfaat REDD+: Dari Kebijakan ke Praktik]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Bogor Barak: Pusak Ponolitiang Kohutanang Mancanagara (CIFOR). Hlm. 8. ISBN 978-602-51379-4-5.</ref> Sejak ahir abak ke-20 Masihi, sisteng pulitik yang ditorakkang di Pieknang borupa partai tunggalak dalang bontuk sosialis.<ref>Setiawan, Asep. () ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Konsep_dan_Isu_Isu_Hubungan_Internasiona/BG9xEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=sistem+pemerintahan+Vietnam&pg=PA72&printsec=frontcover Konsep dan Isu-isu Hubungan Internasional Kontemporer]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Salemang: Penerbit Deepublish. Hlm. 72. ISBN 978-634-200-471-5.</ref> === Urusang luar nagari === ==== Korja sama luar nagari ==== [[File:Location_Vietnam_ASEAN.svg|thumb|Lokasina Pieknang (hijo) dengang nagara anggota Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara lainna (abu-abu golak).]] Dalang kawasang Asia Tonggara, Pieknang morupakang sala satu nagara anggotana Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara.<ref>Pusak Kajiang Kobijakang Indonesia (2021). ''[https://shop.freiheit.org/download/P2@1150/505813/Membangun%20Ketahanan%20Pangan%20dan%20Mengelola%20Risiko%20di%20Asia%20Tenggara.pdf Membangun Ketahanan Pangan dan Mengelola Risiko di Asia Tenggara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Suwastoyo, Bhimanto. [''Building Food Security and Managing Risk in Southeast Asia'']. Ditorjomakang dari bahasa Inggirisi ole Gabriell Firdausy Erfan, Mohammad. Yayasan Cipta Sentosa, Friedrich Naumann Foundation Indonesia, dang Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia. Hlm. 25. ISBN 978-602-51379-4-5.</ref> Pieknang monjadi anggotana Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara sojak tanggalak 28 Juli 1995 dang monjadi nagara anggota yang kotuju.<ref>Dewi, Ni Putu Candra Prastya (Peberuari 2020). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/BUKU_AJAR_MATA_PELAJARAN_SEKOLAH_DASAR_P/nRDUDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Vietnam+anggota+ASEAN&pg=PA106&printsec=frontcover Mata Pelajaran Sekolah Ajar: PKN dan Pancasila]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Sedana, I Made. Badung: Nilacakra. Hlm. 106. ISBN 978-623-7352-23-5.</ref> Pieknang morupakang sala satu nagara anggotana Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara. Namung Pieknang bukang tormasuk sabagai lima nagara porintis Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara pada bulang Agustus 1967.<ref>Rahmawati (2025). ''[http://repositori.uin-alauddin.ac.id/30411/1/Rahmawati-Sejarah%20Islam%20Asia%20Tenggara.pdf Sejarah Islam Asia Tenggara]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Hamidin, Aep Syaiful. Bandung: Manggu Makmur Tanjung Lestari (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Hlm. 4–5. ISBN 978-623-8234-67-7.</ref> Pongambilang koputusang torhadak ponorimaang Pieknang sabagai nagara anggotana Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara dilakukang solama portomuang kodua pulu dalapang antara para mantari luar nagari dari nagara anggota Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara. Portomuang torsobuk borlangsung pada tanggalak 29 Juli hingga 30 Juli 1995 M di Bandar Seri Begawang dalang wilayana Borunei Darussalang.<ref>Prasetyo, Aji. (2017). ''[https://repositori.kemendikdasmen.go.id/24057/1/Seni%20diplomasi%20Indonesia.pdf Seni Diplomasi Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Haryono, dkk. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Repub li k Indonesia. Hlm. 103. ISBN 978-602-1289-58-7.</ref> Borgabungna Pieknang dalang Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara torjadi sotola pordamaiang dengan nagara Kamboja yang tola diusahakang ole Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara dang Porsorikatang Bangsa-Bangsa. Ponorimaang Pieknang sabagai anggotana Porhimpunang Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tonggara disotujui ole nagara anggota lainna karana usahana Pamarenta Pieknang untuk mongadakang pordamaiang dang monjaling hubungang baik dengang nagara-nagara totanggana di Asia Tonggara.<ref>Wiharyanto, A. Kardiyat (2012). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Sejarah_Asia_Tenggara/V5h9EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Vietnam+kerja+sama+ASEAN&pg=PA186&printsec=frontcover Sejarah Asia Tenggara: Dari Awal Tumbuhnya Nasionalisme sampai Terbangunnya Kerja Sama ASEAN]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Haryono, Anton. Yogoyakarta: Sanata Dharma University Press. Hlm. 186. ISBN 978-602-9187-20-5</ref> ==== Porsolisihang luar nagari ==== Pieknang momiliki porsolisihang luar nagari dengang Tiongkok dalang ponguasaang atas wilaya lauk di Lauk Tiongkok Salatang. Porsilisihang torjadi antara Pieknang dang Tiongkok torjadi karana Lauk Tiongkok Salatang morupakang porbatasang lauk utama antara Pieknang dang Tiongkok. Lauk Tiongkok Salatang manjadi sumber daya mariting utamana Pieknang yang borbatasang langsung dengang soluru posisir wilayana sohingga borpongaru torhadak koadaang pulitik dang ekonomina Pieknang. Koboradaang parajurik Angkatang Lauk Tiongkok di sopanjang Lauk Tiongkok Salatang dianggak sabagai ancamang bagi wilaya di soluru posisirna Pieknang.<ref>Pamungkas, C., dkk. (2020). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Analisis_Budaya_Dan_Implikasi_Sosial_Eko/9ksIEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Vietnam+anggota+ASEAN&pg=PA151&printsec=frontcover Analisis Budaya dan Implikasi Sosial Ekonomi dalam Praktik Sabuk Jalan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Tantri, Erlita. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press. Hlm. 151. ISBN 978-602-473-648-4.</ref> Porsilisihang antara Pieknang dang Tiongkok torutama dalang ponyodiaang sumber daya porikanang yang torsodia di Lauk Tiongkok Salatang.<ref>Rusmiyati, dkk. (Desemberek 2022). ''[http://eprints2.ipdn.ac.id/id/eprint/1212/1/23.%20Manajemen%20Perbatasan%20Daerah.pdf Manajemen Perbatasan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Suniarti, Sri. Bandung: CV Cendekia Press. Hlm. 65. ISBN 978-623-5466-12-5.</ref> == Pombangunang == Pombangunang utama di daratanna Pieknang moliputi pombangunang jalang, jambatang, kanalak dang tarowongang.<ref>Hamzah, Ahmad Cholis (2025) ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=lo6gEQAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA344&dq=Jalan+Jembatan+Vietnam&hl=id&source=newbks_fb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Jalan%20Jembatan%20Vietnam&f=false Menyigi Negeri, Membaca Dunia - Kumpulan Tulisan Dinamika Isu-Isu Nasional dan Internasional]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Surabaya: Airlangga University Press. Hlm. 344. ISBN 978-634-7497-07-9.</ref><ref>Imanuel, A. A., Pribadiyono dang Riduwan, A. (2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/STRATEGI_MANAJEMEN_KERAJAAN_VIETNAM_ULAS/mlPJEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Jalan+Jembatan+Vietnam&pg=PA107&printsec=frontcover Strategi Manajemen Kerajaan Vietnam: Ulasan dari Perspektif Foucault]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Sulistyan, Riza Bahtiar. Surabaya: Scopindo Media Pustaka. Hlm. 107. ISBN 978-623-365-499-9.</ref> Ponggunaang jalang di Pieknang monggunakang sisteng lajur kanang. Sotiak pongguna jalang di Pieknang wajik borada di bagiang kanang jalang kotika sedang molintasi jalang. Sisteng lajur kanang digunakang di Pieknang sojak masa panjajahang Porancis dang torus borlanjuk hingga masa kamardekaanna Pieknang dari Porancis.<ref>Sihmanto (Apirilik 2010) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Rp2_Jutaan_Keliling_Vietnam_Dalam_15_Hai/-nnHutSGIjoC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Vietnam&pg=PA192&printsec=frontcover Rp2 Jutaan Keliling Vietnam dalam 15 Hari]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Henny, Ikhdah. Yogoyakarta: Penerbit B-First. Hlm. 192. ISBN 978-979-24-3891-8.</ref> Sadangkang kanalak di wilaya bagiang barak dayana Pieknang torutama di kawasang Delta Mekong monjadi sarana utama untuk borkondara dengang momampaakkang porairang sungai.<ref name=":1" /> Sojak tahung 2005 M, Pamarenta Pieknang tola mombarikang kowenangang kopada pamarentahang daera sotingkak poropingsi untuk mongurus urusang ponyodiaang modal dang pondaptarang usaha di wilaya pamarentahanna masing-masing. Pomboriang kowenangang kopada pamarentahang daera sotingkak poropingsi d Pieknang mombuak kogiatang usaha di Pieknang mongalami porkombangang pongaturang kobijakang pamarenta di tingkak daera. Pongaturang kobijakang pamarenta di tingkak daera mombuak sotiak poropingsi di wilayana Pieknang momiliki usaha has daerana masing-masing yang barbeda dengang daera lainna.<ref>Organisasi Korja Sama dang Pombangunang Ekonomi (2020). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kajian_Kebijakan_Investasi_OECD_Indonesi/vhAVEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Provinsi+Vietnam&pg=PA273&printsec=frontcover Kajian Kebijakan Investasi OECD Indonesia 2020]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Paris: OECD Publishing. Hlm. 273. ISBN 978-92-64-57690-2.</ref> == Kapandudukang == === Jumalla dang kalompok eknik === Jumalla pondudukna Pieknang sakitar 25 juta orang. Sakitar soporlima dari jumalla pondudukna Pieknang morupakang suku-suku yang hiduk di pogunungang. Wilayana Pieknang dihuni sadikikna sobanyak 54 kalompok eknik.<ref>Bac, V. H., dkk. (2022). ''[https://cms.religion.vn/upload/documents/29_08_2023/dowload-2023-08-29-17-19-06.pdf Religions and Religious Policy in Vietnam]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Hanoi: Komisi Pamarenta untuk Urusang Koagamaang. Hlm. 7.</ref> === Koagamaang === Sakitar tiga parampak dari jumalla pondudukna Pieknang morupakang ponganuk agama Buda. Ponganutang agama Buda di Pieknang tola dimulai sojak awal abak kadua Masihi. Somontara itu, sakitar soporlima pondudukna Pieknang yang borasal dari suku-suku pogunungang morupakang ponganuk koyanikang lokal.<ref>Tu, Thich Nhat (2019). ''[https://www.chuagiacngo.com/sites/default/files/huong-dan/book_tnt/buddhism_in_vietnam_-_history_traditions_and_societies.pdf Buddhism in Vietnam: History, Traditions and Society]'' (dalang bahasa Inggiris). Hanoi: Religion Publisher. Hlm. 3. ISBN 978-604-61-6268-1.</ref> Solaing itu, tordapak ponduduk Pieknang yang monjadi pomoluk agama Islang dang monjadi musling.<ref>Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir (Apiril 2020). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedi_Sejarah_Islam/YfDbDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Ensiklopedia Sejarah Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Disunting ole Artawijaya dang Hasmand, F. Ditorjomakang dari bahasa Arab ole Taufik, M., dkk. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 868. ISBN 978-979-592-835-5.</ref> Pada tahung 1999, jumalla ponduduk musling di Pieknang sakitar 662 ribu orang dang moncakuk sobosar 1% dari jumalla pondudukna Pieknang. Namung pada tahun 2010, jumalla ponduduk musling di Pieknang hanya sakitar 160 ribu orang dang hanya moncakuk sobosar 0,2% dari jumalla pondudukna Pieknang.<ref>Asari, Hasan (Juni 2019). ''[http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/8367/1/BUKU%20SEJARAH%20ISLAM%20MODERN.pdf Sejarah Islam Modern: Agama dalam Negosiasi Historis Sejak Abad XIX]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Medang: Perdana Publishing. Hlm. 95. ISBN 978-623-7160-32-8.</ref> == Rujukang == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|Q881}} k36aiy3t64jyyimfjoo1a14qdnj5wxk 0 3827266 7374281 2026-10-25T14:29:47Z JumadilM 2556400 mombuak halamang baru 7374281 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mfp]] Dalang ajarang [[Islang]], '''malaekak''' adala sala satu mahluk gaik ciptaanna [[Allah (Islam)|Allah]] yang torbuak dari [[cahaya]]. Mongimangi malaekak morupakang sala satu [[rukung imang]] dalang Islang yang sumberna dari ayak-ayak dalang Al-Qur'ang dan hadis. Malaekak tidak punya jonis kolaming, dapak boruba-uba bontuk dang punya sayak. Jumallana malaekak tidak ada yang tauki solaing Allah. Malaekak adala sala satu mahluk ciptaanna Allah yang diborikang akal solaing manusia dang jing. Allah monciptakang malaekak dengang tugas-tugas tortontu antara laing momuji dang monyucikang namana Allah, mongurus urusang di alang somosta, monyampaikang wahyu kopada para nabbi dang rasul, moncatak amal sotiak manusia sorta mombantu orang-orang yang borimang dalang peperangang. == Ponamaang dang kodudukanna dalang koyakinang == [[File:Малаика.jpg|thumb|Tulisang malaekak dalang bahasa Arak.]] Namana malaekak morupakang bontuk jamak dari kata tunggal borbahasa Arak yaitu ''malak''.<ref>Bahri, Idik Saeful. (Septemberek 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Siapakah_Sesungguhnya_Golongan_Ahlussunn/xanXEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA94&printsec=frontcover Siapakah Sesungguhnya Golongan Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah?]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Bahasa Rakyat. Hlm. 94. ISBN</ref> Kata ''malaekak'' pada dasarna borasal dari kata ''alaka'' yang borarti utusang yang ditugaskang mombawa pasang.<ref>Noegroho, Ipnu R. (Mare' 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Dasar_dasar_Memahami_Iman_Islam_dan_ihsa/eGs-EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Dasar-dasar Memahami Iman, Islam, dan Ihsan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 34. ISBN 978-623-244-864-3.</ref> Dalang ajarang [[Islang]], musling wajik momporcayai tontang malaekak ka Muhammad sobagai nabbi dalang Islang mamarentahkang untuk moyakingina.<ref>Fauzian, Rinda (Desemberek 2019) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pengantar_Pendidikan_Agama_Islam_Untuk_P/QtQNEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA33&printsec=frontcover ''Pengantar Pendidikan Agama Islam untuk Perguruan Tinggi Umum''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Lulu. Sukabumi: Farha Pustaka. Hlm. 33. ISBN 978-623-7659-40-2.</ref> Borimang kopada malaekak morupakang sala satu [[rukung imang]] dalang Islang.<ref>Sesady, Muliati (Oktoberek 2023). Rukiah (u-s.). ''[https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/5557/1/Ilmu%20Akhlak.pdf Ilmu Akhlak]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Depok: Rajawali Pers. Hlm. 18–19.</ref> Borimang kopada malaekak morupakang bagiang dari akidah Islang.<ref>Mahmudi, M. A., dkk. (Novemberek 2024) ''[https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/82720/1/BUKU%20PENGANTAR%20PENDIDIKAN%20AGAMA%20ISLAM.pdf Pengantar Pendidikan Agama Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Putra, Yuli Ananda. Padang: CV Hei Publishing Indonesia. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-623-8722-89-1.</ref> Dalang rukung Imang, borimang kopada malaekak borada di urutang kodua sosuda borimang kopada Allah.<ref>Amin, Sa'ronih (Januari 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/MEMAHAMI_3_POKOK_DASAR_AGAMA_Iman_Islam/80kbEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA50&printsec=frontcover Memahami 3 Pokok Dasar Agama: Iman, Islam, Ihsan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Guepedia. Hlm. 5.</ref> Sumber koimanang torhadak malaekak borasal dari Al-Qur'ang dang hadis.<ref>Faizahisme (Novemberek 2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/NILAI_NILAI_PENDIDIKAN_ISLAM_DALAM_BUKU/695UEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA50&printsec=frontcover Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Islam dalam Buku Debat Islam vs Non Islam Karya Dr. Zakir Naik]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Guepedia/La. Guepedia. Hlm. 50. ISBN 978-623-5541-95-2</ref> Ayak di dalang Al-Qur'ang yang monyatakang kowajibang musling untuk berimang kopada malaekak adala Surak Al-Baqarah ayak ke-285 dang Surak An-Nisa' ayak ke-136.<ref>Shihahb, M. Quraish (Juni 2010) [https://insuriponorogo.ac.id/digilib-pps/file_buku/707309eb88e2abf399ba516e87943f9a.pdf ''Yang Halus dan Tak Terlihat: Malaikat dalam Al-Qur'an''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit Lentera Hati. Hlm. 19–20. ISBN 978-979-9048-77-6.</ref> Al-Qur'ang juga monyatakang kodudukang malaekak yaitu sobagai utusang Allah sama soporti manusia yang torpili ole Allah sobagai utusan-Na.<ref>Mahmud, Sa'ad Yusuf (Februari 2018) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedi_Hak_dan_Kewajiban_Dalam_Isla/19vdDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA37&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedi Hak dan Kewajiban dalam Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yasir, Muhammad. [Mausu'ah Al-Huquq Al-Islamiyah] Ditorjomahkang ole Nurdin, Ali. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 37. ISBN 978-979-592-791-4.</ref> Koborimangang torhadap malaekak juga dinyatakang dalam hadis poriwayatang Abdullah bin Umar kotika mominta Muhammad untuk monjolaskan keimanang dalang kodudukanna sabagai rasul dalang Islang.<ref>Edi, S., Al-Muflih, A. B., dang Husna, A. (Juni 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Islam_Ilmu_Pengetahuan_dan_Teknologi_Inf/1AoREQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA10&printsec=frontcover Islam, Ilmu Pengetahuan, dan Teknologi Informasi: Integrasi Nilai-nilai Spiritual dalam Era Digital]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Harahap, Aulia Rahman. Hlm. 10. ISBN 978-623-408-674-4.</ref> == Bahang pambuak dang bontukna == [[File:Sura35.pdf|thumb|Lombarang portama dari tulisang Surak Fatir. Ayak ke-1 monyobukkan bahwa malaekak punya sayak dengang jumalla 2, 3 atau 4. ]] Dalam ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa malaekak adala sala satu mahluk ciptaanna Allah.<ref>Asy-Sya'rawi, Muhammad Mutawalli. (Mare' 2007) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Anda_Bertanya_Islam_Menjawab/3RVRHsA9xsIC?hl=id&gbpv=1&pg=PA23&printsec=frontcover Anda Bertanya Islam Menjawab]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) [Anta Tas'alu wa Islaamu Yujiibu] Diitorjomahkang ole Almansyur, Abu Abdillah. Depok: Gema Insani. Hlm. 101–102. ISBN 979-561-234-4.</ref> Manuruk hadis riwayak [[Aisyah binti Abu Bakar]], Muhammad monyatakang bahwa bahang pambuakna malaekak adala cahaya. Hadis ini diriwayakkang dalang ''Sahih Muslim''. Muhammad sabagai nabbi dalang Islang tidak monjolaskang jonis cahaya yang dipake ole Allah untuk monciptakang malaekak ka itu morupakang parkara gaik. Sejumalla hadis dari Ikrimah bin Abu Jahal dan Abdullah bin Amr monyobutkang tontang bahan pambuakna malaekak tapi riwayakna diragukang ka kamungkinang borasal dari riwayak Israiliyyak.<ref>al-Asyqar, Umar Sulaiman (2017) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Rahasia_Alam_Malaikat_Jin_dan_Setan/jS5xDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover Rahasia Alam Malaikat, Jin dan Setan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diubah-sosuaikang ole Tim Qishti Press. [Alam al-Mala'ikah al-Abrar & Alam al-Jinn wa asy-Syayathin] Jakarta: Qisthi Press. Hlm. 5–6. ISBN 978-979-1303-89-7</ref> Allah monciptakang malaekak dengang tidak punya jonis kolaming. Jadi malaekak bukang laki-laki, porompuang dan bukang tong banci.<ref name=":0">Aziz, Abdul (Novemberek 2019) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Materi_Dasar_Pendidikan_Islam/Nz--DwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA40&printsec=frontcover ''Materi Dasar Pendidikan Islam''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Ponorogo: Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia. Hlm. 40. ISBN 978-623-227-209-5</ref> Tubuna malaekak morupakang cahaya yang dimasukkang roh ole Allah. Korana itu, malaekak tidak punya ayah maupung mamak.<ref>Rosidin. (Agustusuk 2020) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pendidikan_Agama_Islam/goX3DwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA101&printsec=frontcover Pendidikan Agama Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Malang: CV Media Sutra Atiga. Hlm. 101. ISBN 978-623-94399-0-3.</ref> Solaing itu, malaekak dapak boruba-ubah bontukna tormasuk monjadi manusia dengang ising dari Allah.<ref>Quthb, Sayyid. (Feberuari 2003) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Tafsir_Fi_Zhilalil_Qur_an_Edisi_Istimewa/y8dpiJpZvjsC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA37&printsec=frontcover Tafsir Fi Zhilalil Qur'an Edisi Istimewa Jilid 7]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Tim GIP dang Tim Simpul. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press. Hlm. 37. ISBN 979-561-634-X.</ref> Namung dalang Surak Fatir ayak ke-1 disobukkan bahwa malaekak-malaekak yang Allah ciptakang punya sayak. Jumalla sayakna malaekak beda-bedaki. Ada malaekak yang punya dua sayak, ada yang punya tiga sayak dang ada yang punya empak sayak.<ref>Umar, Nasaruddin (2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Menelisik_hakikat_silaturahim/G-SREAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA62&printsec=frontcover Menelisik Hakikat Silaturahim]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Amru, M. Y., dang Lesmana, T. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. Hlm. 61–62. ISBN 978-602-05-2824-3.</ref> == Jumallana == Jumallana malaekak tidak ada yang tauki solaing Allah.<ref>Andriani, Ayu (Juli 2022) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Penguatan_Profil_Pelajar_Pancasila_Melal/suOCEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA73&printsec=frontcover ''Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila melalui Disiplin Positif (DISPOS): Menghilangkan Sangsi Jadi Kesepakatan''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Pati: Maghza Pustaka. Hlm. 73. ISBN 978-623-5286-14-3.</ref> Namung bordasarkang hadis dari Shahih Muslim dikotahui bahwa jumallana malaekak sangak banyak. Dalang hadis torsobuk dinyatakang bahwa tali pongikakna naraka Jahannanga sobanyak 70.000 tali na masing-masing talina ditarek sobanyak 70.000 malaekak. Banyakna jumalla malaekak tidak bisai na pikirkang akalna manusiayya. Dalang ajarang Islang, manusia hanya diminta untuk moyakingi koboradaang malaekak saja tanpa monanyakang jumallana socara pasti.<ref>Al Hidayat, M. R., dang Rahman, U. (Agustusuk 2022) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Aqidah_Islam_Landasan_Utama_dalam_Beraga/XE6BEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA112&printsec=frontcover ''Aqidah Islam Landasan Utama dalam Beragama''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Suryadi, Ahmad. Sukabumi: CV Jejak. Hlm. 112. ISBN 978-623-338-933-4.</ref> == Sipak-sipakna == === Mahluk gaik === Malaekak dalang ajarang Islang morupakang mahluk gaik.<ref>Telenggen, Yepran. (Juni 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/KONSEP_KESELAMATAN_PERSPEKTIF_KRISTEN_DA/Th7HEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA53&printsec=frontcover Konsep Keselamatan Persektif Kristen dan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Wenda, Y., dang Fitriyani, A. Tasikmalaya: Edu Publisher. Hlm. 53. ISBN 978-623-8298-02-0.</ref> Manusia tidak bisa narasakang dang tidak bisai nalihak malaekak.<ref>Maimun (Desember 2021). Kusairi, Ah (ed.). ''[http://repository.iainmadura.ac.id/1126/1/Ilmu%20Pendidikan%20Islam%20%28Maimun%29%20B5.pdf Ilmu Pendidikan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Pamekasan: Duta Media Publishing. Hlm. 6. ISBN 978-623-5562-34-6.</ref> Para malaekak borbeda dengang mahluk hiduk di Bumi ka malaekak tidak borjalang kaki na tidak tong morayap di tana.<ref>Muhtar, Fathurrahman (Oktoberek 2019) ''[https://repository.uinmataram.ac.id/518/1/LENTERA%20PENDIDIKAN.pdf Lentera Pendidikan Islam]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Jihad, Salimul. Lombok Barak: Pustaka Lombok. Hlm. 96. ISBN 978-602-5423-16-1.</ref> Malaekak cuma bisa dilihak ole manusia yang dipili atas kehendakna Allah soporti para nabbi dan rasul.<ref>Mas’ud, Mukhtar (2020) ''[https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/3745/1/BUKU%20KORELASI.pdf Korelasi Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan Majelis Taklim dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Jiwa Agama dalam Bidang Pendidikan, Keagamaan, Sosial Kemasyarakatan, dan Profesi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Makassar: Badan Penerbit UNM. Hlm. 135.</ref> Para nabbi dan rasul monorima wahyu dari Allah sala satuna molalui malaekak jadi bisa tommi ditau bahwa adaji dibilang malaekak.<ref>Maksum, Muhammad Syukron (2011) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Pintar_Agama_Islam_untuk_Pelajar/HibKEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA72&printsec=frontcover ''Buku Pintar Agama Islam untuk Pelajar'']. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diubah-sosuaikang oleh Dharna A. Yogyakarta: Mutiara Media. Hlm. 72.</ref> === Solalu taak kopada parentana Allah === [[File:021027_Al-Anbiyaa_UrduScript.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Ayak ke-27 dalang Surak Al-Anbiya' yang monyatakang bahwa malaekak solalu taak kopada parentana Allah.]] Malaekak adala sala satu mahluk ciptaanna Allah yang diborikang akal solaing manusia dang jing.<ref>Taufiq, M. Izuddin. (Desemberek 2006) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Panduan_Lengkap_dan_Praktis_Psikologi_Is/2F2CyR4iYb4C?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA310&printsec=frontcover Panduan Lengkap dan Praktis Psikologi Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Kurniawan, Haris. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press. Hlm. 310. ISBN 979-56-0100-8.</ref> Namung dalang ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa malaekak diciptakang oleh Allah tidak punya sahwak.<ref>Imam, Chairul (2024), ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/TUNTUNAN_SALAT_LENGKAP_SALAT_WAJIB_DAN_S/EFY4EQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA7&printsec=frontcover Tuntutan Lengkap Salat Wajib dan Sunah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Samaran, Dipa. Salemang: Media Firdaus. Hlm. 7. ISBN 978-602-97014-9-4.</ref> Tidak adana sahwak mombuak malaekak solalu taak kopada parentana Allah.<ref>Muhyidin, Syaiful. (2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pendidikan_Agama_Islam/DG8OEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Pendidikan Agama Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Wahyudhi, Imam. Lamongang: Nawa Litera Publishing. Hlm. 83. ISBN 978-623-8059-46-1.</ref> Malaekak diyakingi dalang agama Islang tidak pornah molawang parentana Allah dang tidak pornah borbuak maksiak.<ref>Abdussyukur. (Desemberek 2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pendidikan_Rasulullah_analisis_teks_teks/MOi3EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA38&printsec=frontcover Pendidikan Rasulullah: Analisis Teks Hadis-hadis Pendidikan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Pasuruan: CV Basya Media Utama. Hlm. 38. ISBN 978-623-5406-29-9.</ref> Para malaekak solalu mongorjakang tugas apapung yang diberikan ole Allah kepadana satu-satu.<ref>Wahidin, L. O., dkk. (Oktoberek 2025) ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ViGQEQAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA13&dq=Malaikat+Islam&hl=id&source=newbks_fb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Malaikat%20Islam&f=false Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Ukas. Padang: CV. Gita Lentera. Hlm. 13. ISBN 978-634-7422-12-5</ref> Sipak malaekak yang solalu taak dan tidak pornah molawang parentana Allah dinyatakang dalam Surak Al-Anbiya' ayak ke-26 dang ke-27.<ref>Al-Barik, Haya binti Mubarak (Desemberek 2017) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedi_Wanita_Muslimah/wqQPEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedi Wanita Muslimah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Ummu Hanin. [Mausu'ah Al-Mar'atul Muslimah] Ditorjomahkang ole Fachrudin, Amir Hamzah. Bekasi: Darul Falah. Hlm. 19–20. ISBN 978-602-9208-06-1.</ref> Dalang ajarang Islang, malaekak tidak momiliki komauang untuk makang, minung, dang tidak momiliki kemauang untuk punya koturunang.<ref>Yazid, Abu (Feberuari 2014) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/ISLAM_MODERAT/NdaoBAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA15&printsec=frontcover Islam Moderat]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hijrah. Penerbit Erlangga. Hlm. 15. ISBN 978-602-241-728-6</ref> == Nama-nama dang tugas-tugasna == Allah monciptakang malaekak tortontu dengang masing-masing sudah punya tugas-tugas tortontu dari Allah.<ref>Sukirno, A., dang Nurhasanah (u-s.) (Juni 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pengantar_Bimbingan_dan_Konseling_Islam/Y_cwEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA67&printsec=frontcover Pengantar Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Serang: Penerbit A-Empat. Hlm. 67. ISBN 978-623-8552-12-2.</ref> Dalang ajarang Islang dikotahui sobanyak sapulu namana malaekak yang wajik diimangi.<ref>Purwanto, Susilo Edi (Novemberek 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/PERGULATAN_IDEOLOGI_ANTAR_KEBERAGAMAN_BE/R1vhEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA94&printsec=frontcover Pergulatan Ideologi Antar Keberagaman Beragama Umat Hindu dan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yasa, I Made Ardika. Lombok Tonga: Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia. Hlm. 94. ISBN 978-623-8280-82-7</ref> Kosopulu nama malaekak itu mi Jibraele, Mikaele, Israele, Israfil, Rakik, Atik, Mungkar, Nakir, Malik dang Ridewang.<ref>Wijaya, Brillian (Desemberek 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/ISLAMIC_MONTESSORI/ZO_hDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA151&printsec=frontcover Islamic Montessori: Pendidikan Anak Berbasis Islam]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Ramdani, Zaka Putra. Bantul: Pustaka Al-Uswah. Hlm. 151. ISBN 978-623-91260-7-0.</ref> Namung ada malaekak yang namana disobukkang dalang Al-Qur'ang yaitu Jibraele, Israfil, Israele dang Mikaele.<ref>Purwowiyoto, Budhi Setianto. (2021). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Candrajiwa_Indonesia_GLOSARIUM_Kamus_Rin/OcITEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA372&printsec=frontcover Candrajiwa Indonesia: Warisan Ilmu Putra Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Ditorjomahkang ole Santosa, Puji. Jakarta: Heart & Beyond, PERKI Jakarta. Hlm. 372. ISBN 978-602-7885.</ref> === Momuji dang monyucikang namana Allah === Momuji dang monyucikang namana Allah morupakang tugasna malaekak sopanjang wattu menuruk [[Surak Al-Baqarah]] ayak ke-30. Malaekak diwajibkangi sama Allah untuk bortasbih sobolum Adang diciptakang sabagai mahluk baru yang dinamakang manusia.<ref>As-Shallabi, Ali Muhammad (Desember 2022). Zirzis, Achmad (u-s.). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Adam/5tXBEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Adam: Penciptaan Manusia Pertama]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) &#x5B;''Qishshah Bad'i Al-Khalq wa Khalqu Adam Alaihissalam''&#x5D;. Ditorjomahkang oleh Irham, M., dang Supar, M. M. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. hlm.&nbsp;3–4. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-623-173-001-5</bdi>.</ref> Dalam Surak Al-Baqarah ayat ke-30, Allah monyobuk manusia sabagai halipah di permukaang Bumi. Allah monyobuk manusia sabagai halifah salama borbicara dengan para malaekak. Karena itu, para malaikat menanyakan alasan Allah ingin menciptakan manusia padahal sudah ada malaikat yang bertasbih kepada-Nya. Tugasna malaekak kotahuang sosudana na tanyakang kopada Allah alasang-Na monciptakang manusia na adami malaekak yang solalu bortasbih kopada-Na.<ref>Nadlif, A., dang Amrullah, M. (Agustusuk 2017) ''[https://press.umsida.ac.id/index.php/umsidapress/article/download/978-979-3401-75-1/775/ Al-Islam dan Kemuhammadiyahan - 1]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Sidoarjo: Umsida Press. hlm. 35. ISBN 978-979-3401-75-1.</ref> Malaekak juga dinyatakang solalu bortasbeh siang dang malang monuruk ayak ke-20 dalang Surak Al-Anbiya'.<ref>Mahmud, Sa'ad Yusuf (Januari 2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Semua_Ada_Haknya/fRtYEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Semua Ada Haknya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yasir, Muhamad. [Mausu'ah Al-Huquq Al-Islamiyyah] Ditorjomahkang ole Nurdin, Ali. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 31. ISBN 978-979-592-919-2.</ref> === Mongurus urusang di alang somosta === Umak Islang moyakingi bahwa Allah tolah menugaskang malaekak untuk Mongurus urusang di alang somosta.<ref>Yunus, Hendrayadi, dang Mawarny, E. (April 2025) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Karakteristik_dan_Pokok_pokok_Ajaran_Isl/u5JdEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA12&printsec=frontcover Karakteristik dan Pokok-pokok Ajaran Islam dalam Menentukan Arah Pendidikan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Banyumas: Wawasan Ilmu. Hlm. 12. ISBN 978-623-132-484-9.</ref> Allah sudah monugaskang para malaekak di Langik dan di Bumi.<ref>Katsir, Ibnu (Mare' 2011) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kisah_Para_Nabi/68jcDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA25&printsec=frontcover Kisah Para Nabi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikng ole Artawijaya. [Qashash Al-Anbiyaa'] Ditorjomahkang ole Rosyadi, Dudi. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 25. ISBN 978-979-592-557-6.</ref> Dalang Surak Al-Muluk ayak ke-16 sampai ke-17, disobukkan bahwa Allah momborikang kokuasaang-Na sohingga malaekat momiliki kokuatang dalang mongatur urusang langit. Malaekak dalam kodua ayak torsobuk dapak mombuak langik monghasilkan anging koras sampai dapak mombuak orang musyrik monjadi binasa.<ref>Pustaka Ilmu Sunni Salafiyah - KTB (2015) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Tanya_Jawab_Islam/GMZQCwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA1394&printsec=frontcover ''Kumpulan Tanya Jawab Keagamaan''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Yogyakarta: Pustaka Ilmu Sunni Salafiyah - KTB. Hlm. 1394.</ref> === Monyampaikang wahyu kopada nabbi dan rasul === [[File:Quran-Mus'haf_Al_Tajweed.jpg|thumb|Halamang pada tulisang Al-Qur'ang yang isina diyakingi diwahyukang ole Allah kopada Muhammad molalui utusang yaitu malaekak Jibraele.]] Malaekak yang socara husus diparenta oleh Allah untuk monyampaikang [[wahyu]] kopada para nabbi dan rasul adalah Jibraele. Tugas monyampaikang wahyu dinyatakang dalang Al-Qur'ang pada Surak Asy-Syura ayak ke-51. Ponyampaiang wahyu molalui malaekak Jibraele morupakang sala satu carana Allah monyampaikang wahyu-Na socara tidak langsung solaing socara langsung dari diri-Na.<ref>Arief, Syaiful (u-s.) (2022) ''[https://repository.ptiq.ac.id/id/eprint/584/1/Buku%20ulumul%20quran%20untuk%20pemula.pdf Ulumul Qur'an untuk Pemula]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Jakarta Salatang: Program Studi Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir Fakultas Ushuluddin Institut PTIQ Jakarta. Hlm. 8. ISBN 978-623-924-015-8</ref> Di dalang Al-Qur'ang, Jibraele momiliki beberapa nama laing borkaitang dengang pengutusang wahyu yang diparentakang ole Allah. Nama-nama lainna yaitu Ruhul Kudus dang Ruhul Aming. Nama Ruhul Kudus disobukkang dalam Surak Al-Baqarah ayak ke-87 dang nama Ruhul Aming disobukkang dalam Surak Asy-Syuara' ayak ke-192 sampai ke-194.<ref>Abu Ubaidah, Darwis. (Aperele 2018) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Tafsir_Al_Asas/8ALeDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA123&printsec=frontcover Tafsir Al-Asas]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yasir, Muhamad. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 123–124. ISBN 978-979-592-581-1.</ref> Jibraele sabagai malaekak ditugaskang ole Allah untuk monyampaikang wahyu dari Allah kopada Muhammad dalang bontuk Al-Qur'ang.<ref>Aris (Desemberek 2022) ''[https://repository.syekhnurjati.ac.id/10136/1/E-Book%20Ilmu%20Pendidikan%20Islam%20Dr.%20Aris%2C%20M.Pd%20%281%29.pdf Ilmu Pendidikan Islam]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Cirebong: Penerbit Yayasan Wiyata Bestari Samasta. Hlm. 34. ISBN 978-623-8083-32-9.</ref> Ayak di dalang Al-Qur'ang yang monyatakang pengutusang Jibraele kepada Muhammad untuk monyampaikang Al-Qur'ang yaitu Surak Asy-Syuara ayak ke-192 sampai ke-193.<ref>Umro'atin, Yuli (Mare' 2020) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/PENGANTAR_STUDI_ISLAM/qA_aDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA110&printsec=frontcover Pengantar Studi Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Surabaya: CV. Jakad Media Publishing. Hlm. 110–111. ISBN 978-623-7681-42-7.</ref> Poyampaiang wahyu dari Jibraele kopada Muhammad torjadi salama 22 taung 2 bulang na 22 hari. Lokasi pertamana Al-Qur'ang diwahyukang adala di Makka na komudiang diwahyukang di Madina.<ref>Rohidin (Agustusuk 2016) ''[https://law.uii.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Pengantar-Hukum-Islam-buku-ajar-rohidin-fh-uii.pdf.pdf Pengantar Hukum Islam: Dari Semenanjung Arabia hingga Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diubah-sosuaikang oleh Nasrudin, M. Bantul: Lintang Rasi Aksara Books. Hlm. 93–94. ISBN 978-602-7802-30-8.</ref> === Moncatak amal sotiak manusia === Dalang ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa Allah monciptakan malaekak yang husus bortugas mongawasi sotiak manusia. Pongawasang malaekak torjadi tanpa dikotahui manusia ka malaekak morupakang mahluk gaik yang tidak bisa narasakang dang nalihak manusia.<ref>Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Adab dan Budaya Islam Riyadhlul 'Ulum (Desember 2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Worldview_Islam/1YZZEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA120&printsec=frontcover Worldview Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Tasikmalaya: Langgam Pustaka. Hlm. 120. ISBN 978-623-5600-21-5.</ref> Namung malaekak dapak molihak manusia dang mondengar suara manusia. Pada tiak manusia tordapak dua malaekak yang mongawasi di sobolah kanang dan sobolah kiri manusia. Malaekak di sobolah kanang moncatak porbuatang baik manusia dang malaekak di sobolah kiri moncatak porbuatang buruk manusia sobagai dosa.<ref>Al-Birgawi. (2014) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Saku_Iman_Islam/_tBnCwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA17&printsec=frontcover Iman dan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Riyadi, D. S., dang Qamaruddin S. F. [Vasiyyetname] Ditorjomahkang ole Rizal, A. Syamsu. Jakarta: Zaman. Hlm. 17. ISBN 978-602-1687-09-3.</ref> Poncatatang amal baik manusia dilakukang ole malaekak bernama Rakik dang poncatatang amal buruk manusia dilakukang ole malaekak bernama Atik.<ref>Syarif, M. Nawa. (Novemberek 2024) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/ILMU_TAUHID_Sebuah_Konsep_Ketuhanan_dala/Klo6EQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA14&printsec=frontcover ''Ilmu Tauhid: Sebuah Konsep Ketuhanan dalam Teologi Islam''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Abu Sari. Sidoarjo: CV. Duta Sains Indonesia. Hlm. 14. ISBN 978-623-10-5453-1.</ref> Dalil mongonai malaekak Rakik dan Atik adalah Surak Kaf ayak ke-18.<ref>Hasanah, Rina Ulfatul (2012) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Pintar_Muslim_dan_Muslimah/8WbSDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA15&printsec=frontcover Buku Pintar Muslim dan Muslimah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Medpress Digital. Hlm. 15. ISBN 978-979-878-226-9.</ref> === Mombantu orang-orang yang borimang dalang peperangang === Di dalam Al-Qur'ang dang hadis dikotahui bahwa malaekak pornah mombantu umak Islang yang dipimping ole Muhammad kotika Perang Badar.<ref>Kholilurrahman. (Apreler 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/HADITS_JIBRIL/h4FWDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA59&printsec=frontcover Hadits Jibril: Penjelasan Hadis Jibril Memahami Pondasi Iman yang Enam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diubah-sosuiakang ole Abu Fateh, Kholil. Tangerang: Nurul Hikmah Press. Hlm. 59. ISBN 978-623-90492-7-0.</ref> Ayak yang monyobukkan poristiwa datangna malaekak mombantu umak Islang dalang perang adala Surak Al-Anfal ayak ke-9. Dalang ayak ini, Allah mongiringkang sobanyak soribu malaekak untuk mombantu umak Islang molawang pasukang yang jumallana tiga kali lobih banyak daripada jumalla pasukanna. Pasukang malaekak dipimping oleh Jibraele.<ref>Al-Buthy, Said Ramadhan (Mare' 2010) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Fikih_Sirah/n2GCo95kzAYC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA265&printsec=frontcover Fikih Sirah: Hikmah Tersirat dalam Lintas Sejarah Hidup Rasulullah Saw.]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Khalifurrahman. [Fiqh as-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah Ma'a Mujaz Litarikh al-Khilafah ar-Rasyidah] Ditorjomahkang oleh Nur, Fuad Syaifudin. Jakarta Salatang: Penerbit Hikmah. Hlm. 264–265. ISBN 978-602-8767-04-0.</ref> Solaing Perang Badar, pasukanna malaekak juga diutuski sama Allah kotika umak musling bortompur dalam Perang Uhuk dang Perang Ahsab. Ayak yang monyobukkan kojadiang adana malaekak dalang Perang Ahsab yaitu Surak Al-Ahsab ayak ke-9 sampai ke-11.<ref>Az-Zandani, Abdul Madjid. (Januari 2016) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedi_Iman/dEPgDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA415&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedi Iman]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hasmand, Fedrian. [Ilmul Iman] Ditorjomahkang ole Amin, H. M., dang Nurdin, A. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 415. ISBN 978-979-592-723-5.</ref> == Rujukanna == <references /> dhmmvtq1dlfyll50quoi96mex2hyvqw 7374282 7374281 2026-10-25T14:30:29Z JumadilM 2556400 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q1266031]] 7374282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Wp/mfp]] Dalang ajarang [[Islang]], '''malaekak''' adala sala satu mahluk gaik ciptaanna [[Allah (Islam)|Allah]] yang torbuak dari [[cahaya]]. Mongimangi malaekak morupakang sala satu [[rukung imang]] dalang Islang yang sumberna dari ayak-ayak dalang Al-Qur'ang dan hadis. Malaekak tidak punya jonis kolaming, dapak boruba-uba bontuk dang punya sayak. Jumallana malaekak tidak ada yang tauki solaing Allah. Malaekak adala sala satu mahluk ciptaanna Allah yang diborikang akal solaing manusia dang jing. Allah monciptakang malaekak dengang tugas-tugas tortontu antara laing momuji dang monyucikang namana Allah, mongurus urusang di alang somosta, monyampaikang wahyu kopada para nabbi dang rasul, moncatak amal sotiak manusia sorta mombantu orang-orang yang borimang dalang peperangang. == Ponamaang dang kodudukanna dalang koyakinang == [[File:Малаика.jpg|thumb|Tulisang malaekak dalang bahasa Arak.]] Namana malaekak morupakang bontuk jamak dari kata tunggal borbahasa Arak yaitu ''malak''.<ref>Bahri, Idik Saeful. (Septemberek 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Siapakah_Sesungguhnya_Golongan_Ahlussunn/xanXEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA94&printsec=frontcover Siapakah Sesungguhnya Golongan Ahlussunnah wal Jamaah?]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Bahasa Rakyat. Hlm. 94. ISBN</ref> Kata ''malaekak'' pada dasarna borasal dari kata ''alaka'' yang borarti utusang yang ditugaskang mombawa pasang.<ref>Noegroho, Ipnu R. (Mare' 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Dasar_dasar_Memahami_Iman_Islam_dan_ihsa/eGs-EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Dasar-dasar Memahami Iman, Islam, dan Ihsan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Anak Hebat Indonesia. Hlm. 34. ISBN 978-623-244-864-3.</ref> Dalang ajarang [[Islang]], musling wajik momporcayai tontang malaekak ka Muhammad sobagai nabbi dalang Islang mamarentahkang untuk moyakingina.<ref>Fauzian, Rinda (Desemberek 2019) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pengantar_Pendidikan_Agama_Islam_Untuk_P/QtQNEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA33&printsec=frontcover ''Pengantar Pendidikan Agama Islam untuk Perguruan Tinggi Umum''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Lulu. Sukabumi: Farha Pustaka. Hlm. 33. ISBN 978-623-7659-40-2.</ref> Borimang kopada malaekak morupakang sala satu [[rukung imang]] dalang Islang.<ref>Sesady, Muliati (Oktoberek 2023). Rukiah (u-s.). ''[https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/5557/1/Ilmu%20Akhlak.pdf Ilmu Akhlak]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Depok: Rajawali Pers. Hlm. 18–19.</ref> Borimang kopada malaekak morupakang bagiang dari akidah Islang.<ref>Mahmudi, M. A., dkk. (Novemberek 2024) ''[https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/82720/1/BUKU%20PENGANTAR%20PENDIDIKAN%20AGAMA%20ISLAM.pdf Pengantar Pendidikan Agama Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Putra, Yuli Ananda. Padang: CV Hei Publishing Indonesia. Hlm. 1. ISBN 978-623-8722-89-1.</ref> Dalang rukung Imang, borimang kopada malaekak borada di urutang kodua sosuda borimang kopada Allah.<ref>Amin, Sa'ronih (Januari 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/MEMAHAMI_3_POKOK_DASAR_AGAMA_Iman_Islam/80kbEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA50&printsec=frontcover Memahami 3 Pokok Dasar Agama: Iman, Islam, Ihsan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Guepedia. Hlm. 5.</ref> Sumber koimanang torhadak malaekak borasal dari Al-Qur'ang dang hadis.<ref>Faizahisme (Novemberek 2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/NILAI_NILAI_PENDIDIKAN_ISLAM_DALAM_BUKU/695UEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA50&printsec=frontcover Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Islam dalam Buku Debat Islam vs Non Islam Karya Dr. Zakir Naik]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Guepedia/La. Guepedia. Hlm. 50. ISBN 978-623-5541-95-2</ref> Ayak di dalang Al-Qur'ang yang monyatakang kowajibang musling untuk berimang kopada malaekak adala Surak Al-Baqarah ayak ke-285 dang Surak An-Nisa' ayak ke-136.<ref>Shihahb, M. Quraish (Juni 2010) [https://insuriponorogo.ac.id/digilib-pps/file_buku/707309eb88e2abf399ba516e87943f9a.pdf ''Yang Halus dan Tak Terlihat: Malaikat dalam Al-Qur'an''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Jakarta: Penerbit Lentera Hati. Hlm. 19–20. ISBN 978-979-9048-77-6.</ref> Al-Qur'ang juga monyatakang kodudukang malaekak yaitu sobagai utusang Allah sama soporti manusia yang torpili ole Allah sobagai utusan-Na.<ref>Mahmud, Sa'ad Yusuf (Februari 2018) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedi_Hak_dan_Kewajiban_Dalam_Isla/19vdDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA37&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedi Hak dan Kewajiban dalam Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yasir, Muhammad. [Mausu'ah Al-Huquq Al-Islamiyah] Ditorjomahkang ole Nurdin, Ali. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 37. ISBN 978-979-592-791-4.</ref> Koborimangang torhadap malaekak juga dinyatakang dalam hadis poriwayatang Abdullah bin Umar kotika mominta Muhammad untuk monjolaskan keimanang dalang kodudukanna sabagai rasul dalang Islang.<ref>Edi, S., Al-Muflih, A. B., dang Husna, A. (Juni 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Islam_Ilmu_Pengetahuan_dan_Teknologi_Inf/1AoREQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA10&printsec=frontcover Islam, Ilmu Pengetahuan, dan Teknologi Informasi: Integrasi Nilai-nilai Spiritual dalam Era Digital]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Harahap, Aulia Rahman. Hlm. 10. ISBN 978-623-408-674-4.</ref> == Bahang pambuak dang bontukna == [[File:Sura35.pdf|thumb|Lombarang portama dari tulisang Surak Fatir. Ayak ke-1 monyobukkan bahwa malaekak punya sayak dengang jumalla 2, 3 atau 4. ]] Dalam ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa malaekak adala sala satu mahluk ciptaanna Allah.<ref>Asy-Sya'rawi, Muhammad Mutawalli. (Mare' 2007) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Anda_Bertanya_Islam_Menjawab/3RVRHsA9xsIC?hl=id&gbpv=1&pg=PA23&printsec=frontcover Anda Bertanya Islam Menjawab]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) [Anta Tas'alu wa Islaamu Yujiibu] Diitorjomahkang ole Almansyur, Abu Abdillah. Depok: Gema Insani. Hlm. 101–102. ISBN 979-561-234-4.</ref> Manuruk hadis riwayak [[Aisyah binti Abu Bakar]], Muhammad monyatakang bahwa bahang pambuakna malaekak adala cahaya. Hadis ini diriwayakkang dalang ''Sahih Muslim''. Muhammad sabagai nabbi dalang Islang tidak monjolaskang jonis cahaya yang dipake ole Allah untuk monciptakang malaekak ka itu morupakang parkara gaik. Sejumalla hadis dari Ikrimah bin Abu Jahal dan Abdullah bin Amr monyobutkang tontang bahan pambuakna malaekak tapi riwayakna diragukang ka kamungkinang borasal dari riwayak Israiliyyak.<ref>al-Asyqar, Umar Sulaiman (2017) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Rahasia_Alam_Malaikat_Jin_dan_Setan/jS5xDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover Rahasia Alam Malaikat, Jin dan Setan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diubah-sosuaikang ole Tim Qishti Press. [Alam al-Mala'ikah al-Abrar & Alam al-Jinn wa asy-Syayathin] Jakarta: Qisthi Press. Hlm. 5–6. ISBN 978-979-1303-89-7</ref> Allah monciptakang malaekak dengang tidak punya jonis kolaming. Jadi malaekak bukang laki-laki, porompuang dan bukang tong banci.<ref name=":0">Aziz, Abdul (Novemberek 2019) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Materi_Dasar_Pendidikan_Islam/Nz--DwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA40&printsec=frontcover ''Materi Dasar Pendidikan Islam''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Ponorogo: Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia. Hlm. 40. ISBN 978-623-227-209-5</ref> Tubuna malaekak morupakang cahaya yang dimasukkang roh ole Allah. Korana itu, malaekak tidak punya ayah maupung mamak.<ref>Rosidin. (Agustusuk 2020) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pendidikan_Agama_Islam/goX3DwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA101&printsec=frontcover Pendidikan Agama Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Malang: CV Media Sutra Atiga. Hlm. 101. ISBN 978-623-94399-0-3.</ref> Solaing itu, malaekak dapak boruba-ubah bontukna tormasuk monjadi manusia dengang ising dari Allah.<ref>Quthb, Sayyid. (Feberuari 2003) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Tafsir_Fi_Zhilalil_Qur_an_Edisi_Istimewa/y8dpiJpZvjsC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA37&printsec=frontcover Tafsir Fi Zhilalil Qur'an Edisi Istimewa Jilid 7]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Tim GIP dang Tim Simpul. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press. Hlm. 37. ISBN 979-561-634-X.</ref> Namung dalang Surak Fatir ayak ke-1 disobukkan bahwa malaekak-malaekak yang Allah ciptakang punya sayak. Jumalla sayakna malaekak beda-bedaki. Ada malaekak yang punya dua sayak, ada yang punya tiga sayak dang ada yang punya empak sayak.<ref>Umar, Nasaruddin (2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Menelisik_hakikat_silaturahim/G-SREAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA62&printsec=frontcover Menelisik Hakikat Silaturahim]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Amru, M. Y., dang Lesmana, T. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. Hlm. 61–62. ISBN 978-602-05-2824-3.</ref> == Jumallana == Jumallana malaekak tidak ada yang tauki solaing Allah.<ref>Andriani, Ayu (Juli 2022) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Penguatan_Profil_Pelajar_Pancasila_Melal/suOCEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA73&printsec=frontcover ''Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila melalui Disiplin Positif (DISPOS): Menghilangkan Sangsi Jadi Kesepakatan''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Pati: Maghza Pustaka. Hlm. 73. ISBN 978-623-5286-14-3.</ref> Namung bordasarkang hadis dari Shahih Muslim dikotahui bahwa jumallana malaekak sangak banyak. Dalang hadis torsobuk dinyatakang bahwa tali pongikakna naraka Jahannanga sobanyak 70.000 tali na masing-masing talina ditarek sobanyak 70.000 malaekak. Banyakna jumalla malaekak tidak bisai na pikirkang akalna manusiayya. Dalang ajarang Islang, manusia hanya diminta untuk moyakingi koboradaang malaekak saja tanpa monanyakang jumallana socara pasti.<ref>Al Hidayat, M. R., dang Rahman, U. (Agustusuk 2022) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Aqidah_Islam_Landasan_Utama_dalam_Beraga/XE6BEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA112&printsec=frontcover ''Aqidah Islam Landasan Utama dalam Beragama''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Suryadi, Ahmad. Sukabumi: CV Jejak. Hlm. 112. ISBN 978-623-338-933-4.</ref> == Sipak-sipakna == === Mahluk gaik === Malaekak dalang ajarang Islang morupakang mahluk gaik.<ref>Telenggen, Yepran. (Juni 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/KONSEP_KESELAMATAN_PERSPEKTIF_KRISTEN_DA/Th7HEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA53&printsec=frontcover Konsep Keselamatan Persektif Kristen dan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Wenda, Y., dang Fitriyani, A. Tasikmalaya: Edu Publisher. Hlm. 53. ISBN 978-623-8298-02-0.</ref> Manusia tidak bisa narasakang dang tidak bisai nalihak malaekak.<ref>Maimun (Desember 2021). Kusairi, Ah (ed.). ''[http://repository.iainmadura.ac.id/1126/1/Ilmu%20Pendidikan%20Islam%20%28Maimun%29%20B5.pdf Ilmu Pendidikan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Pamekasan: Duta Media Publishing. Hlm. 6. ISBN 978-623-5562-34-6.</ref> Para malaekak borbeda dengang mahluk hiduk di Bumi ka malaekak tidak borjalang kaki na tidak tong morayap di tana.<ref>Muhtar, Fathurrahman (Oktoberek 2019) ''[https://repository.uinmataram.ac.id/518/1/LENTERA%20PENDIDIKAN.pdf Lentera Pendidikan Islam]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Jihad, Salimul. Lombok Barak: Pustaka Lombok. Hlm. 96. ISBN 978-602-5423-16-1.</ref> Malaekak cuma bisa dilihak ole manusia yang dipili atas kehendakna Allah soporti para nabbi dan rasul.<ref>Mas’ud, Mukhtar (2020) ''[https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/3745/1/BUKU%20KORELASI.pdf Korelasi Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan Majelis Taklim dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Jiwa Agama dalam Bidang Pendidikan, Keagamaan, Sosial Kemasyarakatan, dan Profesi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Makassar: Badan Penerbit UNM. Hlm. 135.</ref> Para nabbi dan rasul monorima wahyu dari Allah sala satuna molalui malaekak jadi bisa tommi ditau bahwa adaji dibilang malaekak.<ref>Maksum, Muhammad Syukron (2011) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Pintar_Agama_Islam_untuk_Pelajar/HibKEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA72&printsec=frontcover ''Buku Pintar Agama Islam untuk Pelajar'']. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diubah-sosuaikang oleh Dharna A. Yogyakarta: Mutiara Media. Hlm. 72.</ref> === Solalu taak kopada parentana Allah === [[File:021027_Al-Anbiyaa_UrduScript.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Ayak ke-27 dalang Surak Al-Anbiya' yang monyatakang bahwa malaekak solalu taak kopada parentana Allah.]] Malaekak adala sala satu mahluk ciptaanna Allah yang diborikang akal solaing manusia dang jing.<ref>Taufiq, M. Izuddin. (Desemberek 2006) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Panduan_Lengkap_dan_Praktis_Psikologi_Is/2F2CyR4iYb4C?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA310&printsec=frontcover Panduan Lengkap dan Praktis Psikologi Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Kurniawan, Haris. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press. Hlm. 310. ISBN 979-56-0100-8.</ref> Namung dalang ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa malaekak diciptakang oleh Allah tidak punya sahwak.<ref>Imam, Chairul (2024), ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/TUNTUNAN_SALAT_LENGKAP_SALAT_WAJIB_DAN_S/EFY4EQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA7&printsec=frontcover Tuntutan Lengkap Salat Wajib dan Sunah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Samaran, Dipa. Salemang: Media Firdaus. Hlm. 7. ISBN 978-602-97014-9-4.</ref> Tidak adana sahwak mombuak malaekak solalu taak kopada parentana Allah.<ref>Muhyidin, Syaiful. (2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pendidikan_Agama_Islam/DG8OEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Pendidikan Agama Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Wahyudhi, Imam. Lamongang: Nawa Litera Publishing. Hlm. 83. ISBN 978-623-8059-46-1.</ref> Malaekak diyakingi dalang agama Islang tidak pornah molawang parentana Allah dang tidak pornah borbuak maksiak.<ref>Abdussyukur. (Desemberek 2022) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pendidikan_Rasulullah_analisis_teks_teks/MOi3EAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA38&printsec=frontcover Pendidikan Rasulullah: Analisis Teks Hadis-hadis Pendidikan]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Pasuruan: CV Basya Media Utama. Hlm. 38. ISBN 978-623-5406-29-9.</ref> Para malaekak solalu mongorjakang tugas apapung yang diberikan ole Allah kepadana satu-satu.<ref>Wahidin, L. O., dkk. (Oktoberek 2025) ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ViGQEQAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA13&dq=Malaikat+Islam&hl=id&source=newbks_fb&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Malaikat%20Islam&f=false Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Ukas. Padang: CV. Gita Lentera. Hlm. 13. ISBN 978-634-7422-12-5</ref> Sipak malaekak yang solalu taak dan tidak pornah molawang parentana Allah dinyatakang dalam Surak Al-Anbiya' ayak ke-26 dang ke-27.<ref>Al-Barik, Haya binti Mubarak (Desemberek 2017) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedi_Wanita_Muslimah/wqQPEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA19&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedi Wanita Muslimah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Ummu Hanin. [Mausu'ah Al-Mar'atul Muslimah] Ditorjomahkang ole Fachrudin, Amir Hamzah. Bekasi: Darul Falah. Hlm. 19–20. ISBN 978-602-9208-06-1.</ref> Dalang ajarang Islang, malaekak tidak momiliki komauang untuk makang, minung, dang tidak momiliki kemauang untuk punya koturunang.<ref>Yazid, Abu (Feberuari 2014) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/ISLAM_MODERAT/NdaoBAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA15&printsec=frontcover Islam Moderat]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hijrah. Penerbit Erlangga. Hlm. 15. ISBN 978-602-241-728-6</ref> == Nama-nama dang tugas-tugasna == Allah monciptakang malaekak tortontu dengang masing-masing sudah punya tugas-tugas tortontu dari Allah.<ref>Sukirno, A., dang Nurhasanah (u-s.) (Juni 2024) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pengantar_Bimbingan_dan_Konseling_Islam/Y_cwEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA67&printsec=frontcover Pengantar Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Serang: Penerbit A-Empat. Hlm. 67. ISBN 978-623-8552-12-2.</ref> Dalang ajarang Islang dikotahui sobanyak sapulu namana malaekak yang wajik diimangi.<ref>Purwanto, Susilo Edi (Novemberek 2023) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/PERGULATAN_IDEOLOGI_ANTAR_KEBERAGAMAN_BE/R1vhEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA94&printsec=frontcover Pergulatan Ideologi Antar Keberagaman Beragama Umat Hindu dan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yasa, I Made Ardika. Lombok Tonga: Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia. Hlm. 94. ISBN 978-623-8280-82-7</ref> Kosopulu nama malaekak itu mi Jibraele, Mikaele, Israele, Israfil, Rakik, Atik, Mungkar, Nakir, Malik dang Ridewang.<ref>Wijaya, Brillian (Desemberek 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/ISLAMIC_MONTESSORI/ZO_hDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA151&printsec=frontcover Islamic Montessori: Pendidikan Anak Berbasis Islam]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Ramdani, Zaka Putra. Bantul: Pustaka Al-Uswah. Hlm. 151. ISBN 978-623-91260-7-0.</ref> Namung ada malaekak yang namana disobukkang dalang Al-Qur'ang yaitu Jibraele, Israfil, Israele dang Mikaele.<ref>Purwowiyoto, Budhi Setianto. (2021). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Candrajiwa_Indonesia_GLOSARIUM_Kamus_Rin/OcITEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA372&printsec=frontcover Candrajiwa Indonesia: Warisan Ilmu Putra Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Ditorjomahkang ole Santosa, Puji. Jakarta: Heart & Beyond, PERKI Jakarta. Hlm. 372. ISBN 978-602-7885.</ref> === Momuji dang monyucikang namana Allah === Momuji dang monyucikang namana Allah morupakang tugasna malaekak sopanjang wattu menuruk [[Surak Al-Baqarah]] ayak ke-30. Malaekak diwajibkangi sama Allah untuk bortasbih sobolum Adang diciptakang sabagai mahluk baru yang dinamakang manusia.<ref>As-Shallabi, Ali Muhammad (Desember 2022). Zirzis, Achmad (u-s.). ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Adam/5tXBEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Adam: Penciptaan Manusia Pertama]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) &#x5B;''Qishshah Bad'i Al-Khalq wa Khalqu Adam Alaihissalam''&#x5D;. Ditorjomahkang oleh Irham, M., dang Supar, M. M. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. hlm.&nbsp;3–4. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-623-173-001-5</bdi>.</ref> Dalam Surak Al-Baqarah ayat ke-30, Allah monyobuk manusia sabagai halipah di permukaang Bumi. Allah monyobuk manusia sabagai halifah salama borbicara dengan para malaekak. Karena itu, para malaikat menanyakan alasan Allah ingin menciptakan manusia padahal sudah ada malaikat yang bertasbih kepada-Nya. Tugasna malaekak kotahuang sosudana na tanyakang kopada Allah alasang-Na monciptakang manusia na adami malaekak yang solalu bortasbih kopada-Na.<ref>Nadlif, A., dang Amrullah, M. (Agustusuk 2017) ''[https://press.umsida.ac.id/index.php/umsidapress/article/download/978-979-3401-75-1/775/ Al-Islam dan Kemuhammadiyahan - 1]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Sidoarjo: Umsida Press. hlm. 35. ISBN 978-979-3401-75-1.</ref> Malaekak juga dinyatakang solalu bortasbeh siang dang malang monuruk ayak ke-20 dalang Surak Al-Anbiya'.<ref>Mahmud, Sa'ad Yusuf (Januari 2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Semua_Ada_Haknya/fRtYEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1 Semua Ada Haknya]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yasir, Muhamad. [Mausu'ah Al-Huquq Al-Islamiyyah] Ditorjomahkang ole Nurdin, Ali. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 31. ISBN 978-979-592-919-2.</ref> === Mongurus urusang di alang somosta === Umak Islang moyakingi bahwa Allah tolah menugaskang malaekak untuk Mongurus urusang di alang somosta.<ref>Yunus, Hendrayadi, dang Mawarny, E. (April 2025) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Karakteristik_dan_Pokok_pokok_Ajaran_Isl/u5JdEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA12&printsec=frontcover Karakteristik dan Pokok-pokok Ajaran Islam dalam Menentukan Arah Pendidikan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Banyumas: Wawasan Ilmu. Hlm. 12. ISBN 978-623-132-484-9.</ref> Allah sudah monugaskang para malaekak di Langik dan di Bumi.<ref>Katsir, Ibnu (Mare' 2011) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Kisah_Para_Nabi/68jcDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA25&printsec=frontcover Kisah Para Nabi]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikng ole Artawijaya. [Qashash Al-Anbiyaa'] Ditorjomahkang ole Rosyadi, Dudi. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 25. ISBN 978-979-592-557-6.</ref> Dalang Surak Al-Muluk ayak ke-16 sampai ke-17, disobukkan bahwa Allah momborikang kokuasaang-Na sohingga malaekat momiliki kokuatang dalang mongatur urusang langit. Malaekak dalam kodua ayak torsobuk dapak mombuak langik monghasilkan anging koras sampai dapak mombuak orang musyrik monjadi binasa.<ref>Pustaka Ilmu Sunni Salafiyah - KTB (2015) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Tanya_Jawab_Islam/GMZQCwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA1394&printsec=frontcover ''Kumpulan Tanya Jawab Keagamaan''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Yogyakarta: Pustaka Ilmu Sunni Salafiyah - KTB. Hlm. 1394.</ref> === Monyampaikang wahyu kopada nabbi dan rasul === [[File:Quran-Mus'haf_Al_Tajweed.jpg|thumb|Halamang pada tulisang Al-Qur'ang yang isina diyakingi diwahyukang ole Allah kopada Muhammad molalui utusang yaitu malaekak Jibraele.]] Malaekak yang socara husus diparenta oleh Allah untuk monyampaikang [[wahyu]] kopada para nabbi dan rasul adalah Jibraele. Tugas monyampaikang wahyu dinyatakang dalang Al-Qur'ang pada Surak Asy-Syura ayak ke-51. Ponyampaiang wahyu molalui malaekak Jibraele morupakang sala satu carana Allah monyampaikang wahyu-Na socara tidak langsung solaing socara langsung dari diri-Na.<ref>Arief, Syaiful (u-s.) (2022) ''[https://repository.ptiq.ac.id/id/eprint/584/1/Buku%20ulumul%20quran%20untuk%20pemula.pdf Ulumul Qur'an untuk Pemula]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Jakarta Salatang: Program Studi Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir Fakultas Ushuluddin Institut PTIQ Jakarta. Hlm. 8. ISBN 978-623-924-015-8</ref> Di dalang Al-Qur'ang, Jibraele momiliki beberapa nama laing borkaitang dengang pengutusang wahyu yang diparentakang ole Allah. Nama-nama lainna yaitu Ruhul Kudus dang Ruhul Aming. Nama Ruhul Kudus disobukkang dalam Surak Al-Baqarah ayak ke-87 dang nama Ruhul Aming disobukkang dalam Surak Asy-Syuara' ayak ke-192 sampai ke-194.<ref>Abu Ubaidah, Darwis. (Aperele 2018) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Tafsir_Al_Asas/8ALeDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA123&printsec=frontcover Tafsir Al-Asas]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Yasir, Muhamad. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 123–124. ISBN 978-979-592-581-1.</ref> Jibraele sabagai malaekak ditugaskang ole Allah untuk monyampaikang wahyu dari Allah kopada Muhammad dalang bontuk Al-Qur'ang.<ref>Aris (Desemberek 2022) ''[https://repository.syekhnurjati.ac.id/10136/1/E-Book%20Ilmu%20Pendidikan%20Islam%20Dr.%20Aris%2C%20M.Pd%20%281%29.pdf Ilmu Pendidikan Islam]''. (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Cirebong: Penerbit Yayasan Wiyata Bestari Samasta. Hlm. 34. ISBN 978-623-8083-32-9.</ref> Ayak di dalang Al-Qur'ang yang monyatakang pengutusang Jibraele kepada Muhammad untuk monyampaikang Al-Qur'ang yaitu Surak Asy-Syuara ayak ke-192 sampai ke-193.<ref>Umro'atin, Yuli (Mare' 2020) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/PENGANTAR_STUDI_ISLAM/qA_aDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA110&printsec=frontcover Pengantar Studi Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Surabaya: CV. Jakad Media Publishing. Hlm. 110–111. ISBN 978-623-7681-42-7.</ref> Poyampaiang wahyu dari Jibraele kopada Muhammad torjadi salama 22 taung 2 bulang na 22 hari. Lokasi pertamana Al-Qur'ang diwahyukang adala di Makka na komudiang diwahyukang di Madina.<ref>Rohidin (Agustusuk 2016) ''[https://law.uii.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Pengantar-Hukum-Islam-buku-ajar-rohidin-fh-uii.pdf.pdf Pengantar Hukum Islam: Dari Semenanjung Arabia hingga Indonesia]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diubah-sosuaikang oleh Nasrudin, M. Bantul: Lintang Rasi Aksara Books. Hlm. 93–94. ISBN 978-602-7802-30-8.</ref> === Moncatak amal sotiak manusia === Dalang ajarang Islang diyakingi bahwa Allah monciptakan malaekak yang husus bortugas mongawasi sotiak manusia. Pongawasang malaekak torjadi tanpa dikotahui manusia ka malaekak morupakang mahluk gaik yang tidak bisa narasakang dang nalihak manusia.<ref>Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Adab dan Budaya Islam Riyadhlul 'Ulum (Desember 2021) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Worldview_Islam/1YZZEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA120&printsec=frontcover Worldview Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Tasikmalaya: Langgam Pustaka. Hlm. 120. ISBN 978-623-5600-21-5.</ref> Namung malaekak dapak molihak manusia dang mondengar suara manusia. Pada tiak manusia tordapak dua malaekak yang mongawasi di sobolah kanang dan sobolah kiri manusia. Malaekak di sobolah kanang moncatak porbuatang baik manusia dang malaekak di sobolah kiri moncatak porbuatang buruk manusia sobagai dosa.<ref>Al-Birgawi. (2014) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Saku_Iman_Islam/_tBnCwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA17&printsec=frontcover Iman dan Islam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Riyadi, D. S., dang Qamaruddin S. F. [Vasiyyetname] Ditorjomahkang ole Rizal, A. Syamsu. Jakarta: Zaman. Hlm. 17. ISBN 978-602-1687-09-3.</ref> Poncatatang amal baik manusia dilakukang ole malaekak bernama Rakik dang poncatatang amal buruk manusia dilakukang ole malaekak bernama Atik.<ref>Syarif, M. Nawa. (Novemberek 2024) [https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/ILMU_TAUHID_Sebuah_Konsep_Ketuhanan_dala/Klo6EQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA14&printsec=frontcover ''Ilmu Tauhid: Sebuah Konsep Ketuhanan dalam Teologi Islam''] (dalang bahasa Indonesia) Diuba-sosuaikang ole Abu Sari. Sidoarjo: CV. Duta Sains Indonesia. Hlm. 14. ISBN 978-623-10-5453-1.</ref> Dalil mongonai malaekak Rakik dan Atik adalah Surak Kaf ayak ke-18.<ref>Hasanah, Rina Ulfatul (2012) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Pintar_Muslim_dan_Muslimah/8WbSDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA15&printsec=frontcover Buku Pintar Muslim dan Muslimah]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Medpress Digital. Hlm. 15. ISBN 978-979-878-226-9.</ref> === Mombantu orang-orang yang borimang dalang peperangang === Di dalam Al-Qur'ang dang hadis dikotahui bahwa malaekak pornah mombantu umak Islang yang dipimping ole Muhammad kotika Perang Badar.<ref>Kholilurrahman. (Apreler 2019) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/HADITS_JIBRIL/h4FWDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA59&printsec=frontcover Hadits Jibril: Penjelasan Hadis Jibril Memahami Pondasi Iman yang Enam]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diubah-sosuiakang ole Abu Fateh, Kholil. Tangerang: Nurul Hikmah Press. Hlm. 59. ISBN 978-623-90492-7-0.</ref> Ayak yang monyobukkan poristiwa datangna malaekak mombantu umak Islang dalang perang adala Surak Al-Anfal ayak ke-9. Dalang ayak ini, Allah mongiringkang sobanyak soribu malaekak untuk mombantu umak Islang molawang pasukang yang jumallana tiga kali lobih banyak daripada jumalla pasukanna. Pasukang malaekak dipimping oleh Jibraele.<ref>Al-Buthy, Said Ramadhan (Mare' 2010) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Fikih_Sirah/n2GCo95kzAYC?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA265&printsec=frontcover Fikih Sirah: Hikmah Tersirat dalam Lintas Sejarah Hidup Rasulullah Saw.]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Khalifurrahman. [Fiqh as-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah Ma'a Mujaz Litarikh al-Khilafah ar-Rasyidah] Ditorjomahkang oleh Nur, Fuad Syaifudin. Jakarta Salatang: Penerbit Hikmah. Hlm. 264–265. ISBN 978-602-8767-04-0.</ref> Solaing Perang Badar, pasukanna malaekak juga diutuski sama Allah kotika umak musling bortompur dalam Perang Uhuk dang Perang Ahsab. Ayak yang monyobukkan kojadiang adana malaekak dalang Perang Ahsab yaitu Surak Al-Ahsab ayak ke-9 sampai ke-11.<ref>Az-Zandani, Abdul Madjid. (Januari 2016) ''[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Ensiklopedi_Iman/dEPgDwAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=Malaikat+Islam&pg=PA415&printsec=frontcover Ensiklopedi Iman]'' (dalang bahasa Indonesia). Diuba-sosuaikang ole Hasmand, Fedrian. [Ilmul Iman] Ditorjomahkang ole Amin, H. M., dang Nurdin, A. Jakarta Timur: Pustaka Al-Kautsar. Hlm. 415. ISBN 978-979-592-723-5.</ref> == Rujukanna == <references /> {{INTERWIKI|Q1266031}} s2mkccpkk87li7h36bws79bvss67xj3 0 3827267 7374286 2026-10-25T14:35:46Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/اوچون یارادیلیر 7374286 wikitext text/x-wiki ==اوچون== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #اوچون← یوخسا [[Wt/azb/اوچوق|اوچوق]] ویروسونون یاراتدیٛغیٛ یولوخوجو (عفونی) بیر خسته‌لیک‌دیر. #:اوچون← اوزو و یا آغزی احاطه ائدیر. تئز-تئز سویوق یارا‌لارا و یا بیرلیکده قروپلاشدیریلمیش کیچیک بلیستئرلره سبب اولا بیلر و یا ساده‌جه بوغاز آغری‌سینا سبب اولا بیلر. [[File:Herpes(PHIL 1573 lores).jpg|thumb|145px|left|اوچون یوخسا [[Wt/azb/اوچوق|اوچوق]]]] {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/herpes simplex|herpes simplex]] * تورکییه : اوچون * عربجه : * فارسجا: تبخال * باهار دیلی: اوچوق {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[Category:Wt/azb/باهار دیله]] [[En:herpes simplex]] [[Fa:تبخال]] lsis2adz8eek0hwfx6y99d55el26577 0 3827268 7374290 2026-10-25T14:43:33Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/اوچورتماق یارادیلیر صفحه 7374290 wikitext text/x-wiki ==اوچورتماق== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #اوچورتماق← قالخیزدیرماق، [[Wt/azb/گؤیرچین|گؤیرچین]] اوچورتماق. {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/fling|fling]] * تورکییه : اوچورتماق * عربجه : * فارسجا: پراندن * باهار دیلی: اوچورتماق {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[Category:Wt/azb/باهار دیله]] [[En:fling]] [[Fa:پراندن]] 1nmivywtdpf6dk82vpb1yxig2jlk42o 0 3827269 7374291 2026-10-25T14:53:51Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/باتماق یارادیلیر 7374291 wikitext text/x-wiki ==باتماق== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #باتماق← حاصیلِ [[Wt/azb/بات|بات]]، بؤلاشماق، لَحهَ‌یهَ باتماق، پالچوخا باتماق← [[Wt/azb/باتتی|باتتی]]. {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/sully|sully]] * تورکییه : اوچورتماق * عربجه : * فارسجا: پراندن * باهار دیلی: اوچورتماق {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[Category:Wt/azb/باهار دیله]] [[En:sully]] [[Fa:آغشته]] lnc3r64afus7agoyhy9t80g6hiuk8x2 0 3827270 7374293 2026-10-25T15:19:23Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/دولو یارادیلیر 7374293 wikitext text/x-wiki ==دولو== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #دؤلو← کیپ، بیر قاب کی آخیرِی جنگ دؤلا دا یئر توتمیا. [[Wt/azb/دولدور|دؤلدور]]. #دؤلو← یاقیش، کاری یاقیش. {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/full|full]] * تورکییه : دؤلو * عربجه : * فارسجا: پُر * باهار دیلی: [[Wt/azb/دوله|دؤلِه]] {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[En:full]] [[Fa:پُر]] j20yop6ywt75wcpthq54k6d6bskaitr 10 3827271 7374295 2026-10-25T15:21:35Z Thekrow280 2717775 Created page with "{{#ifeq:{{{width|}}}|full| <!-- full width --> <div style="text-align:left; position:relative; left:8px; top:8px; background:{{{bgcolor|#C6DEFE}}}; height:25px; width:98%; -moz-border-radius: 8px; -webkit-border-radius: 8px; border-radius:8px;"> | <!-- column part --> <div style="text-align:left; position:relative; left:4px; top:2px; margin:5px;"> [[File:{{{bgimage|Bluebg.png}}}|link=|alt=|class=skin-invert-image]]}} <div style="position:absolute; left:5px; top:-6p..." 7374295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{width|}}}|full| <!-- full width --> <div style="text-align:left; position:relative; left:8px; top:8px; background:{{{bgcolor|#C6DEFE}}}; height:25px; width:98%; -moz-border-radius: 8px; -webkit-border-radius: 8px; border-radius:8px;"> | <!-- column part --> <div style="text-align:left; position:relative; left:4px; top:2px; margin:5px;"> [[File:{{{bgimage|Bluebg.png}}}|link=|alt=|class=skin-invert-image]]}} <div style="position:absolute; left:5px; top:-6px;">[[File:{{{image|DIVшакмак.svg}}}|38px|link=|alt=]]</div> <div style="position:absolute; left:40px; top:1px;"><h2 {{#if:{{{id|}}} | id="{{{id}}}Head"| }} style="font-weight:bold; border-bottom:none; font-size:120%; padding:.05em .4em; margin-top:0;">{{{title|}}}</h2></div></div> <div {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="mf-{{{id}}}"|}} style="padding: 10px 10px; margin-top: 5px;"> {{{content|}}} {{#if:{{{link|}}}{{{1|}}}|<div align="right" style="padding-bottom:10px;"><span style="font-size:85%;">{{#if:{{{link|}}}|{{{link|}}}|{{join|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}| separator={{MainPage/S|{{{middot-color|#6495ed}}}}}}}}}</span></div>|}}</div> 76xazwg1ir228dsqthwgey0plozcym1 0 3827272 7374296 2026-10-25T15:29:11Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/قیرما یارادیلیر 7374296 wikitext text/x-wiki ==قیرما== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #قیرما← سینمیان، [[Wt/azb/قرص|قُرص]]، موحکم. #قیرما← بیرجور یئیه‌جک، [[Wt/azb/کاباب|کاباب]]. {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/firm|firm]] * تورکییه: قیرما * عربجه : * فارسجا: سفت * باهار دیلی: [[Wt/azb/قرص|قرص]] {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[En:firm]] [[Fa:سفت]] i9czfiklyydz1oeluz5r45tgts1b2yq 0 3827273 7374297 2026-10-25T15:33:23Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/قرص یارادیلیر 7374297 wikitext text/x-wiki ==قرص== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #قُرص← سینمیان، موحکم، [[Wt/azb/قیرما|قیرما]]. #:اَه دَدَ نَنَه‌ین چؤخ قرص دٍ! {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/firm|firm]] * تورکییه: قیرما * عربجه : * فارسجا: سفت * باهار دیلی: قُرص {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/باهار دیله]] [[En:firm]] [[Fa:سفت]] if5bpp01kvxsi4ydsagf59ysgvvuhov 10 3827274 7374300 2026-10-25T16:05:25Z Sree1959 2594881 வார்ப்புரு உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7374300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:0}}|[[Category:Wy/ta/Destar article nominations]]|<!-- Don't categorize when not in main (article) space. -->}} <div class=noprint> {{Wy/ta/Ombox |image=[[Image:Cscr-featured-strike.svg|50px]] |text=இந்தக் கட்டுரை வழிகாட்டி நிலைக்கு '''தாழ்த்து'''-மாறு பரிந்துரைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. நட்சத்திரக் கட்டுரையாகக் கருதப்பட, அது '''விரிவான''', '''சரியாக வடிவமைக்கப்பட்ட''' மற்றும் '''நன்றாக எழுதப்பட்டதாக''' இருக்க வேண்டும். இது [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை நிலை|குறிப்பிட்ட அளவுகோலுக்கு]] இணங்குகிறதா இல்லையா என்பது குறித்து, '''[[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:நட்சத்திரப் பரிந்துரைகள்#{{PAGENAME}}|விக்கிப்பயணம்:நட்சத்திரப் பரிந்துரைகள்]]''' என்பதில் கருத்து தெரிவிக்கவும். தரமிறக்கப்படுவதற்கு முன், தவறை சரிசெய்ய முடியும் என நீங்கள் நினைத்தால், தயவுசெய்து [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:தயங்காமல் செயல்படுங்கள்!|தயங்காமல் செயல்பட்டு]] [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:ஒரு பக்கத்தை எவ்வாறு திருத்துவது|இதை ஒரு நட்சத்திரமாக வைத்திருக்க]] உதவுங்கள்! }}</div> <noinclude>[[Category:Wy/ta/Templates]]</noinclude> 0qqwziquo52gj6nshsb4kmlvkclthcc 3 3827275 7374301 2026-10-25T16:08:47Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7374301 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 16:08, 25 October 2026 (UTC) rgxmkjw30s7ph1zglxcx29yquayfpwk 0 3827276 7374305 2026-10-25T16:11:42Z Sree1959 2594881 பக்கம் துவக்கப்பட்டு விவரங்கள் சேர்க்கபட்டு வருகின்றன 7374305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ta/Pagebanner|Star Nominations Banner.jpg|pgname=விக்கிப்பயணம்:நட்சத்திரப் பரிந்துரைகள்}} {{Wy/ta/Shortcut|[[Wy/ta/Starnom|Starnom]]}} ஒரு கட்டுரை [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:நட்சத்திரக் கட்டுரைகள்|''நட்சத்திர'' நிலை]] என வகைப்படுத்தத் தயாராக உள்ளதா என்பதை இங்குதான் தீர்மானிக்கிறோம். அளவுகோல்கள் மிகவும் புறநிலையாக இருந்தாலும், ஒரு பக்கத்தைப் பார்க்க சில கூடுதல் கண்களைப் பெறுவது நல்லது, மேலும் அதை நட்சத்திரத்திற்கு உயர்த்தும் முன் அது தயாராக உள்ளது என்பதை உறுதிப்படுத்தவும். குறிப்புக்கு, [[Wy/ta/விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை நிலை|விக்கிப்பயணம்:கட்டுரை நிலையிலிருந்து]] பொதுவான விளக்கம் இங்கே: 6tzqqe8qrjh5eng8ypt93k9td55xbdn 0 3827277 7374323 2026-10-25T16:27:37Z Saloum2 2705324 Created page with "Goota jiibo ga hin se ka bara da  nafa. Gaawo ra dii na gootawey jiibo ka i na dam goota miɲoo ga, boro ga di kaŋ labu bibi nda jiibi hin no ma hun goota ra. Laboo woo nungu boobo ra nga no i ga dam tuurey ciray nga no ma tuurey zeyandi,nda  jardinŋey . Labu foolaa ka da noo, dan na laboo ka, ma maanawey ka laboo ra, laboo din nda na zaa nga dii nooni ize hin gaara. Laabu nda nooni caara a ci hinka  tuuri zeyandi,wa ti din ma laboo zaa ma dan soowaa ra, ma daabu,nu..." 7374323 wikitext text/x-wiki Goota jiibo ga hin se ka bara da  nafa. Gaawo ra dii na gootawey jiibo ka i na dam goota miɲoo ga, boro ga di kaŋ labu bibi nda jiibi hin no ma hun goota ra. Laboo woo nungu boobo ra nga no i ga dam tuurey ciray nga no ma tuurey zeyandi,nda  jardinŋey . Labu foolaa ka da noo, dan na laboo ka, ma maanawey ka laboo ra, laboo din nda na zaa nga dii nooni ize hin gaara. Laabu nda nooni caara a ci hinka  tuuri zeyandi,wa ti din ma laboo zaa ma dan soowaa ra, ma daabu,nungoo ga henne laboo  da ga hinka tuurey zeyindi. Laabu biibo kaŋ warga di ha a ga in cee ka boori. Waati kul kaŋ boro ga tuuri duma ma guna wala laboo ga biibi. Goota labu biibo woo labu nafante no. mfwr25mkkxidty9l9h48r5xe3tv1rus 0 3827278 7374326 2026-10-25T16:32:55Z Yvonnefigueroa23 2714028 Created page with "{| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzunpulujtuk''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Adjetivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Adjective ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunpulujtuk.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunpulujtuk]] |} [[File:Jack Gilford "Captain Kangaroo" 1976 CBS press photo.JPG|Jack_Gilford_"Captain_Kangaroo"_1976_CBS_press_photo]] Tzunpulujtuk === E..." 7374326 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzunpulujtuk''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Adjetivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Adjective ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunpulujtuk.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunpulujtuk]] |} [[File:Jack Gilford "Captain Kangaroo" 1976 CBS press photo.JPG|Jack_Gilford_"Captain_Kangaroo"_1976_CBS_press_photo]] Tzunpulujtuk === Español === * '''Definición:''' Despistado * '''Ejemplo:''' "Lucio Tzunpulujtuk" — ''Lucio es despistado.'' === English === * '''Definition:''' Clueless; absent-minded * '''Example:''' "Lucio Tzunpulujtuk" — ''Lucio is absent-minded.'' [[Category:Wt/ppl/Category:Adjetivo]] [[Category:Wt/ppl]] 2ulp3l3xihol7suuff75am0ht4x5fd7 3 3827280 7374331 2026-10-25T16:44:39Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7374331 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 16:44, 25 October 2026 (UTC) 3r5cw9oni4eyzicwos72rhxy9sjuz5w 0 3827281 7374332 2026-10-25T16:49:47Z Yvonnefigueroa23 2714028 Created page with "{| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzunpusulnaj''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Adjetivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Adjective ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunpusulnaj.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunpusulnaj]] |} [[File:Curly hair (51212326332).jpg|Curly_hair_(51212326332)]] Tzunpusulnaj === Español === * '''Definición:''' Cabello rizado * '''Eje..." 7374332 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzunpusulnaj''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Adjetivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Adjective ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunpusulnaj.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunpusulnaj]] |} [[File:Curly hair (51212326332).jpg|Curly_hair_(51212326332)]] Tzunpusulnaj === Español === * '''Definición:''' Cabello rizado * '''Ejemplo:''' "Naja nitzunpusujnaj" — ''Yo soy cabello rizado.'' === English === * '''Definition:''' Curly hair * '''Example:''' "Naja nitzunpusujnaj" — ''I have curly hair'' [[Category:Wt/ppl/Category:Adjetivo]] [[Category:Wt/ppl]] jlg688h3xklee3ojs7b7p4z83fvhepc 0 3827282 7374333 2026-10-25T16:59:18Z Yvonnefigueroa23 2714028 Created page with "{| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzunshilut''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Adjetivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Adjective ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshilut.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshilut]] |} [[File:Wavy blonde hair (51212325442).jpg|Wavy_blonde_hair_(51212325442)]] Tzunshilut === Español === * '''Definición:''' Cabelllo rubio * ''..." 7374333 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzunshilut''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Adjetivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Adjective ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshilut.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshilut]] |} [[File:Wavy blonde hair (51212325442).jpg|Wavy_blonde_hair_(51212325442)]] Tzunshilut === Español === * '''Definición:''' Cabelllo rubio * '''Ejemplo:''' "Naja nitzunshilut" — ''Yo soy cabello rubio.'' === English === * '''Definition:''' Blonde hair * '''Example:''' "Naja nitzunshilut" — ''I have blonde hair'' [[Category:Wt/ppl/Category:Adjetivo]] [[Category:Wt/ppl]] hgprjkx66dykusosy3c4s2yq1ibu0jp 7374334 7374333 2026-10-25T17:00:03Z Yvonnefigueroa23 2714028 added a period at the end of hair 7374334 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzunshilut''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Adjetivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Adjective ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshilut.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshilut]] |} [[File:Wavy blonde hair (51212325442).jpg|Wavy_blonde_hair_(51212325442)]] Tzunshilut === Español === * '''Definición:''' Cabelllo rubio * '''Ejemplo:''' "Naja nitzunshilut" — ''Yo soy cabello rubio.'' === English === * '''Definition:''' Blonde hair * '''Example:''' "Naja nitzunshilut" — ''I have blonde hair.'' [[Category:Wt/ppl/Category:Adjetivo]] [[Category:Wt/ppl]] 2ae57r4plqp2ck8clfnrwq5wygh1qlr 0 3827283 7374335 2026-10-25T17:05:50Z Yvonnefigueroa23 2714028 Created page with "{| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzunshipetz''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Adjetivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Adjective ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshipetz.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshipetz]] |} [[File:Bald head with earring in profile.svg|Bald_head_with_earring_in_profile]] Tzunshipetz === Español === * '''Definición:''' Calvo (to..." 7374335 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzunshipetz''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Adjetivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Adjective ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshipetz.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshipetz]] |} [[File:Bald head with earring in profile.svg|Bald_head_with_earring_in_profile]] Tzunshipetz === Español === * '''Definición:''' Calvo (toda la cabeza) * '''Ejemplo:''' "Juan tzunshipetz" — ''Juan es calvo (de toda la cabeza).'' === English === * '''Definition:''' Bald * '''Example:''' "Juan tzunshipetz" — ''Juan is bald (all over his head).'' [[Category:Wt/ppl/Category:Adjetivo]] [[Category:Wt/ppl]] n8xv233iu01camnh5h68bqrsx2a1jv0 7374336 7374335 2026-10-25T17:06:15Z Yvonnefigueroa23 2714028 7374336 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzunshipetz''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Adjetivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Adjective ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshipetz.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshipetz]] |} [[File:Bald head with earring in profile.svg|Bald_head_with_earring_in_profile]] Tzunshipetz === Español === * '''Definición:''' Calvo (toda la cabeza) * '''Ejemplo:''' "Juan tzunshipetz" — ''Juan es calvo (de toda la cabeza).'' === English === * '''Definition:''' Bald * '''Example:''' "Juan tzunshipetz" — ''Juan is bald (all over his head).'' [[Category:Wt/ppl/Category:Adjetivo]] [[Category:Wt/ppl]] 24tp7xfp7ei8lmtam2wfdts16e10yaa 0 3827284 7374337 2026-10-25T17:06:22Z Saloum2 2705324 Created page with "Hari sinda kaŋ goo Gaawo ra , woo din ka kate Gaawo izey na cere marga ka cere no lakkal, i ne sinda woo kaŋ goo Gaawo boŋ haroo fondaa ra ngi ma nooru ceeci hala ngey ma duu ka foraaj foo tee koyra ra. Nooro ki na ceeci jirbi hinza nda ceere ra i duu nooroo. I na goyoo sintin, i na foraajoo hinse hala a beene, hala borey sintin ka haroo gur. Nda poŋpey key kul foraajoo ga borey ga  koy hari gur. Foraajoo woo kate hunanzamey Gaawo gundoo ra, nga haroo ga henen tac t..." 7374337 wikitext text/x-wiki Hari sinda kaŋ goo Gaawo ra , woo din ka kate Gaawo izey na cere marga ka cere no lakkal, i ne sinda woo kaŋ goo Gaawo boŋ haroo fondaa ra ngi ma nooru ceeci hala ngey ma duu ka foraaj foo tee koyra ra. Nooro ki na ceeci jirbi hinza nda ceere ra i duu nooroo. I na goyoo sintin, i na foraajoo hinse hala a beene, hala borey sintin ka haroo gur. Nda poŋpey key kul foraajoo ga borey ga  koy hari gur. Foraajoo woo kate hunanzamey Gaawo gundoo ra, nga haroo ga henen tac tac a ga hanga dii, wirci kul ca ra.foraajoo woo koyra ize foo ka faaba no. Gaawo jine boraa too ha ka ka key ka ceda nda goy hinnaa woo kaŋ koyra ize henna woo na tee. 90q8zuzm8x9krx5krnxes0qxv8r3bis 3 3827285 7374338 2026-10-25T17:08:34Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7374338 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 17:08, 25 October 2026 (UTC) pig7j6tkkx19v1fz7velhf11mbcpmgg 0 3827286 7374340 2026-10-25T17:14:22Z Yvonnefigueroa23 2714028 Created page with "{| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''−tzunshuchiyu''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Sustantivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Noun ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin--Tzunshuchiyu.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin--Tzunshuchiyu]] |} File:Rooster. Gallus gallus domesticus. Zoological Center of Tel Aviv-Ramat Gan. Israel. 02.jpg|Rooster._Gallus_gallus_domesticus._Zo..." 7374340 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''−tzunshuchiyu''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Sustantivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Noun ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin--Tzunshuchiyu.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin--Tzunshuchiyu]] |} [[File:Rooster. Gallus gallus domesticus. Zoological Center of Tel Aviv-Ramat Gan. Israel. 02.jpg|Rooster._Gallus_gallus_domesticus._Zoological_Center_of_Tel_Aviv-Ramat_Gan._Israel._02]] −tzunshuchiyu === Español === * '''Definición:''' Cresta (chorcha) * '''Ejemplo:''' "Ne itzunshuchiyu tijlan" — ''La cresta de la gallina.'' === English === * '''Definition:''' Crest (chorcha) * '''Example:''' "(Ne itzunshuchiyu tijlan" — ''The crest of the hen.'' [[Category:Wt/ppl/Category:Sustantivo]] [[Category:Wt/ppl]] r0a9372emy35be6d97w5feo2tliv1vj 7374341 7374340 2026-10-25T17:14:51Z Yvonnefigueroa23 2714028 7374341 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''−tzunshuchiyu''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Sustantivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Noun ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin--Tzunshuchiyu.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin--Tzunshuchiyu]] |} [[File:Rooster. Gallus gallus domesticus. Zoological Center of Tel Aviv-Ramat Gan. Israel. 02.jpg|Rooster._Gallus_gallus_domesticus._Zoological_Center_of_Tel_Aviv-Ramat_Gan._Israel._02]] −tzunshuchiyu === Español === * '''Definición:''' Cresta (chorcha) * '''Ejemplo:''' "Ne itzunshuchiyu tijlan" — ''La cresta de la gallina.'' === English === * '''Definition:''' Crest (chorcha) * '''Example:''' "Ne itzunshuchiyu tijlan" — ''The crest of the hen.'' [[Category:Wt/ppl/Category:Sustantivo]] [[Category:Wt/ppl]] t5s8uaxhcgjm9be2jaw6k8wl9v77t95 0 3827287 7374343 2026-10-25T17:27:47Z Yvonnefigueroa23 2714028 Created page with "{| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzunshulun''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Adjetivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Adjective ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshulun.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshulun]] |} [[File:Foolish Wives (SAYRE 14208).jpg|Foolish_Wives_(SAYRE_14208)]] Tzunshulun === Español === * '''Definición:''' Cabeza hueca (tonto) * ''..." 7374343 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzunshulun''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Adjetivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Adjective ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshulun.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzunshulun]] |} [[File:Foolish Wives (SAYRE 14208).jpg|Foolish_Wives_(SAYRE_14208)]] Tzunshulun === Español === * '''Definición:''' Cabeza hueca (tonto) * '''Ejemplo:''' "Titzunshulun" — ''Eres cabeza hueca (tonto).'' === English === * '''Definition:''' Airhead (fool) * '''Example:''' "Titzunshulun" — ''You are an airhead (dumb).'' [[Category:Wt/ppl/Category:Adjetivo]] [[Category:Wt/ppl]] qriybrfhu4cpahna9zcyzt90yk2umx2 0 3827288 7374344 2026-10-25T17:32:32Z Saloum2 2705324 Created page with "‎Alkaasoo woo ga tee alkaasi kaŋ koyra izey kaŋ goo koyra ra, i ga huna koyra ra, jiiroo ra koyra izey ga hima ka koy ka baana Meeri woo cee. Alkaaso jiiroo ra cee folloku no boro ga baana Meeri woo cee. Alkaasoo noo ma hin ka kate i ma goyey tee ir koyrawey ra, goyey dii mana ti kala i ma jiibo kuuna, i ma ci yeeda jiibo ma marga cere boŋ a ga nungu jilla, i ma jiibo zaa fondawey boŋ, i ma jiibo za gootawey boŋ, i ma fondaa hin za nda i ma goyey tee kaŋ ga hinka..." 7374344 wikitext text/x-wiki ‎Alkaasoo woo ga tee alkaasi kaŋ koyra izey kaŋ goo koyra ra, i ga huna koyra ra, jiiroo ra koyra izey ga hima ka koy ka baana Meeri woo cee. Alkaaso jiiroo ra cee folloku no boro ga baana Meeri woo cee. Alkaasoo noo ma hin ka kate i ma goyey tee ir koyrawey ra, goyey dii mana ti kala i ma jiibo kuuna, i ma ci yeeda jiibo ma marga cere boŋ a ga nungu jilla, i ma jiibo zaa fondawey boŋ, i ma jiibo za gootawey boŋ, i ma fondaa hin za nda i ma goyey tee kaŋ ga hinka koyra izey nafa. Alkaasoo nafa ga hinse kaa beeri koyra cee. 8htnupf5oq03abfx84212jmzvpr78a8 0 3827289 7374347 2026-10-25T18:45:40Z Yvonnefigueroa23 2714028 Created page with "{| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzuntaketza''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Verbo Intransitivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Intransitive Verb ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzuntaketza.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzuntaketza]] |} [[File:Thinking thought bubble.png|Thinking_thought_bubble]] Tzuntaketza === Español === * '''Definición:''' Habla inter..." 7374347 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="background: #f8fafc; border: 2px solid #0284c7; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; width: auto;" | '''Tzuntaketza''' ---- ''Categoría Gramatical:'' Verbo Intransitivo ''Grammatical Category:'' Intransitive Verb ---- * '''Audio:''' [[File:LL-Q1186896 (ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzuntaketza.wav|LL-Q1186896_(ppl)-AliciaMarroquin-Tzuntaketza]] |} [[File:Thinking thought bubble.png|Thinking_thought_bubble]] Tzuntaketza === Español === * '''Definición:''' Habla interno (hablar con uno mismo) * '''Ejemplo:''' "Juan tzuntaketza" — ''Juan habla consigo mismo.'' === English === * '''Definition:''' Internal speech (talking to oneself) * '''Example:''' "Juan tzuntaketza" — ''Juan talks to himself.'' [[Category:Wt/ppl/Category:Verbo Intransitivo]] [[Category:Wt/ppl]] ou033xu6yz0sqp9c3oco73053jd4vkv 0 3827290 7374352 2026-10-25T19:00:23Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Make vle di fè, fabrike oswa kreye, selon kontèks fraz la.}}" 7374352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Make vle di fè, fabrike oswa kreye, selon kontèks fraz la.}} 48imrxcigd8w2zb9r8qw3hstm866ojm 0 3827291 7374353 2026-10-25T19:03:00Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Abite : Rete yon kote pou viv.}}" 7374353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Abite : Rete yon kote pou viv.}} id2zw9bcoa44j2t6n8z6to2wyuml0bk 7374354 7374353 2026-10-25T19:03:57Z Chersie06 2594754 7374354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Abite : Rete yon kote pou viv.|egzanp=Mwen abite nan vil Tigwav.}} mfyv1qp4sh33t6tzf4iliqz3vu56www 0 3827292 7374356 2026-10-25T19:05:39Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Afeksyon : Santiman lanmou, tandrès oswa atachman yon moun genyen pou yon lòt.}}" 7374356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Afeksyon : Santiman lanmou, tandrès oswa atachman yon moun genyen pou yon lòt.}} 67b1mrj2rnbdamts2ng9k1p65g73gef 7374359 7374356 2026-10-25T19:06:43Z Chersie06 2594754 7374359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Afeksyon : Santiman lanmou, tandrès oswa atachman yon moun genyen pou yon lòt.|egzanp=Manman ap montre pitit li lanmou.}} 8y14vxo6hosfqnzlcomdciym8s2flkr 0 3827293 7374362 2026-10-25T19:09:16Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Bèlte : Kalite yon moun oswa yon bagay genyen ki fè li parèt bèl.}}" 7374362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Bèlte : Kalite yon moun oswa yon bagay genyen ki fè li parèt bèl.}} nintsijfzw6g9lcwedk22nthpdjgrbn 7374365 7374362 2026-10-25T19:12:15Z Chersie06 2594754 7374365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Bèlte : Kalite yon moun oswa yon bagay genyen ki fè li parèt bèl.|egzanp=Bèlte lanati a fè nou kontan.}} 19h0is2olcedjvfrjb69cf01h3o30qo 0 3827294 7374367 2026-10-25T19:13:49Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Fè efò pou jwenn yon moun oswa yon bagay.}}" 7374367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Fè efò pou jwenn yon moun oswa yon bagay.}} 9ln9ky6cfa3ef9pcdscsqve7loxv4y4 7374369 7374367 2026-10-25T19:16:27Z Chersie06 2594754 7374369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Fè efò pou jwenn yon moun oswa yon bagay.|egzanp=Al chèche yon galon gaz dizèl pou m mete nan machin nan.}} t0fvxnibfay9h16sv8q3kmlvkgk0yj3 0 3827295 7374370 2026-10-25T19:18:20Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Devwa: travay yon moun gen obligasyon pou l fè.}}" 7374370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Devwa: travay yon moun gen obligasyon pou l fè.}} 47ywpllphmu7ep80ggigakehmtpnoir 7374372 7374370 2026-10-25T19:19:01Z Chersie06 2594754 7374372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Devwa: travay yon moun gen obligasyon pou l fè.|egzanp=Mèt la banm devwa pou demen sidyevle.}} 0cj268aygfwdwauu9kj6q2ya2zczlw8 0 3827296 7374371 2026-10-25T19:18:51Z MEvalyn 2608615 Created page 7374371 wikitext text/x-wiki Susan Muwonge (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa Omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya Uganda. n8g4h8bc8tpuggdnjiu9tpa7bu3h9ch 7374374 7374371 2026-10-25T19:20:21Z MEvalyn 2608615 Edited introduction 7374374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya Uganda. hrqs07xpnepggbaa6mgydwlrc7b4g2s 7374375 7374374 2026-10-25T19:20:49Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374375 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya Uganda. == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education) kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School.[3] Akaza Makerere University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza Kyambogo University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education. dokqn7qjytdo4fwfxqiy6hg718kr168 7374378 7374375 2026-10-25T19:22:38Z MEvalyn 2608615 Added statement 7374378 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya Uganda. == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education) kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School.[3] Akaza Makerere University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza Kyambogo University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education. == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu Disiturikiti ya Wakiso. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora. cgorv77yi8ry85qb3l7942rvma70w77 7374380 7374378 2026-10-25T19:23:41Z MEvalyn 2608615 Added statement 7374380 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya Uganda. == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education) kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School.[3] Akaza Makerere University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza Kyambogo University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education. == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu Disiturikiti ya Wakiso. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora. == Awaadi == Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011) [4] Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012) 3fcp9p6isijkk67rva1ee94dx0qqet3 7374383 7374380 2026-10-25T19:25:20Z MEvalyn 2608615 Added citation 7374383 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education) kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School.[3] Akaza Makerere University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza Kyambogo University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education. == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu Disiturikiti ya Wakiso. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora. == Awaadi == Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011) [4] Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012) == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == 9l895i8wl8gl81xqc74h8c1am6280bd 7374386 7374383 2026-10-25T19:26:19Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/susan-muwonge-queen-of-speed-1791602 "Susan Muwonge: Queen of speed"]. Daily Monitor. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education) kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School.[3] Akaza Makerere University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza Kyambogo University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education. == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu Disiturikiti ya Wakiso. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora. == Awaadi == Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011) [4] Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012) == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == pky00acsdu4inoimype83vlfvhr302f 7374388 7374386 2026-10-25T19:27:33Z MEvalyn 2608615 Added citation 7374388 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/susan-muwonge-queen-of-speed-1791602 "Susan Muwonge: Queen of speed"]. Daily Monitor. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education) kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School.<ref>Ninsiima, Racheal. [https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17819:-champion-muwonge-motivated-by-challenge-&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 "Champion Muwonge motivated by challenge"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> Akaza Makerere University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza Kyambogo University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education. == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu Disiturikiti ya Wakiso. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora. == Awaadi == Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011) [4] Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012) == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == kpggsd1ae4yocxo9ece6lr92a0o3v22 7374389 7374388 2026-10-25T19:27:47Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374389 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/susan-muwonge-queen-of-speed-1791602 "Susan Muwonge: Queen of speed"]. Daily Monitor. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education) kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School.<ref>Ninsiima, Racheal. [https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17819:-champion-muwonge-motivated-by-challenge-&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 "Champion Muwonge motivated by challenge"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> Akaza Makerere University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza Kyambogo University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu Disiturikiti ya Wakiso. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora. == Awaadi == Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011) [4] Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012) == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == azf01bhuyaahr8yy658dfb3yxxb0z41 7374393 7374389 2026-10-25T19:29:30Z MEvalyn 2608615 Added citations 7374393 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/susan-muwonge-queen-of-speed-1791602 "Susan Muwonge: Queen of speed"]. Daily Monitor. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education) kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School.<ref>Ninsiima, Racheal. [https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17819:-champion-muwonge-motivated-by-challenge-&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 "Champion Muwonge motivated by challenge"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> Akaza Makerere University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza Kyambogo University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu Disiturikiti ya Wakiso. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/susan-muwonge-the-super-lady-1526566 "Susan Muwonge, the Super Lady"]. Daily Monitor. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref><ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker. [https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/sizzling-faith/42-lifestyle-entertainment/entertainment/2114-susan-muwonge-drives-into-music "Susan Muwonge drives into music"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Awaadi == Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011) [4] Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012) == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == 35m0euv2zin6ztaay53etk45muzs8s1 7374394 7374393 2026-10-25T19:30:13Z MEvalyn 2608615 Added citations 7374394 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/susan-muwonge-queen-of-speed-1791602 "Susan Muwonge: Queen of speed"]. Daily Monitor. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education) kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School.<ref>Ninsiima, Racheal. [https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17819:-champion-muwonge-motivated-by-challenge-&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 "Champion Muwonge motivated by challenge"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> Akaza Makerere University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza Kyambogo University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu Disiturikiti ya Wakiso. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora.<ref name=":2">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/susan-muwonge-the-super-lady-1526566 "Susan Muwonge, the Super Lady"]. Daily Monitor. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref><ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker. [https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/sizzling-faith/42-lifestyle-entertainment/entertainment/2114-susan-muwonge-drives-into-music "Susan Muwonge drives into music"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Awaadi == Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011)<ref name=":2" /> Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012)<ref name=":2" /> == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == cp04bh2gb6oeo2muya9di36pet221b7 7374398 7374394 2026-10-25T19:31:21Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374398 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/susan-muwonge-queen-of-speed-1791602 "Susan Muwonge: Queen of speed"]. Daily Monitor. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education) kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School.<ref>Ninsiima, Racheal. [https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17819:-champion-muwonge-motivated-by-challenge-&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 "Champion Muwonge motivated by challenge"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> Akaza Makerere University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza Kyambogo University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu Disiturikiti ya Wakiso. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora.<ref name=":2">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/susan-muwonge-the-super-lady-1526566 "Susan Muwonge, the Super Lady"]. Daily Monitor. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref><ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker. [https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/sizzling-faith/42-lifestyle-entertainment/entertainment/2114-susan-muwonge-drives-into-music "Susan Muwonge drives into music"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Awaadi == * Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011)<ref name=":2" /> * Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012)<ref name=":2" /> == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == eodg5qgmefmj12qxfsrt6lau0plz520 7374403 7374398 2026-10-25T19:33:01Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374403 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]].<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/susan-muwonge-queen-of-speed-1791602 "Susan Muwonge: Queen of speed"]. Daily Monitor. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School).<ref>Ninsiima, Racheal. [https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17819:-champion-muwonge-motivated-by-challenge-&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 "Champion Muwonge motivated by challenge"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> Akaza Makerere University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza Kyambogo University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu Disiturikiti ya Wakiso. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora.<ref name=":2">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/susan-muwonge-the-super-lady-1526566 "Susan Muwonge, the Super Lady"]. Daily Monitor. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref><ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker. [https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/sizzling-faith/42-lifestyle-entertainment/entertainment/2114-susan-muwonge-drives-into-music "Susan Muwonge drives into music"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Awaadi == * Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011)<ref name=":2" /> * Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012)<ref name=":2" /> == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == 81ic9g4xqw2b5dyn4d6bgi9o7aozvdi 7374404 7374403 2026-10-25T19:33:16Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374404 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]].<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/susan-muwonge-queen-of-speed-1791602 "Susan Muwonge: Queen of speed"]. Daily Monitor. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School).<ref>Ninsiima, Racheal. [https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17819:-champion-muwonge-motivated-by-challenge-&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 "Champion Muwonge motivated by challenge"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> Akaza [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]] yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza Kyambogo University yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu Disiturikiti ya Wakiso. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora.<ref name=":2">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/susan-muwonge-the-super-lady-1526566 "Susan Muwonge, the Super Lady"]. Daily Monitor. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref><ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker. [https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/sizzling-faith/42-lifestyle-entertainment/entertainment/2114-susan-muwonge-drives-into-music "Susan Muwonge drives into music"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Awaadi == * Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011)<ref name=":2" /> * Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012)<ref name=":2" /> == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == 2gj9b3asqu54vt8aev0ldkgg5we3x1t 7374405 7374404 2026-10-25T19:33:48Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374405 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]].<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/susan-muwonge-queen-of-speed-1791602 "Susan Muwonge: Queen of speed"]. Daily Monitor. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School).<ref>Ninsiima, Racheal. [https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17819:-champion-muwonge-motivated-by-challenge-&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 "Champion Muwonge motivated by challenge"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> Akaza [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]] yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza [[Wp/nyn/Kyambogo Univasite|Kyambogo University]] yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu Disiturikiti ya Wakiso. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora.<ref name=":2">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/susan-muwonge-the-super-lady-1526566 "Susan Muwonge, the Super Lady"]. Daily Monitor. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref><ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker. [https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/sizzling-faith/42-lifestyle-entertainment/entertainment/2114-susan-muwonge-drives-into-music "Susan Muwonge drives into music"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Awaadi == * Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011)<ref name=":2" /> * Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012)<ref name=":2" /> == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == 0m7rtjo6at513jtkpt6tdplre9feun0 7374408 7374405 2026-10-25T19:34:47Z MEvalyn 2608615 Added Wiki link 7374408 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]].<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/susan-muwonge-queen-of-speed-1791602 "Susan Muwonge: Queen of speed"]. Daily Monitor. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School).<ref>Ninsiima, Racheal. [https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17819:-champion-muwonge-motivated-by-challenge-&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 "Champion Muwonge motivated by challenge"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> Akaza [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]] yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza [[Wp/nyn/Kyambogo Univasite|Kyambogo University]] yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu [[Wp/nyn/Wakiso District|Disiturikiti ya Wakiso]]. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora.<ref name=":2">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/susan-muwonge-the-super-lady-1526566 "Susan Muwonge, the Super Lady"]. Daily Monitor. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref><ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker. [https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/sizzling-faith/42-lifestyle-entertainment/entertainment/2114-susan-muwonge-drives-into-music "Susan Muwonge drives into music"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Awaadi == * Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011)<ref name=":2" /> * Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012)<ref name=":2" /> == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == 080dwijgl3kttrawkv4sd8rbc5xzrqo 7374412 7374408 2026-10-25T19:37:21Z MEvalyn 2608615 Added infobox 7374412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q6136290}} '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]].<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/susan-muwonge-queen-of-speed-1791602 "Susan Muwonge: Queen of speed"]. Daily Monitor. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (kuruga Gombe Secondary School).<ref>Ninsiima, Racheal. [https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17819:-champion-muwonge-motivated-by-challenge-&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 "Champion Muwonge motivated by challenge"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> Akaza [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]] yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza [[Wp/nyn/Kyambogo Univasite|Kyambogo University]] yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu [[Wp/nyn/Wakiso District|Disiturikiti ya Wakiso]]. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora.<ref name=":2">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/susan-muwonge-the-super-lady-1526566 "Susan Muwonge, the Super Lady"]. Daily Monitor. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref><ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker. [https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/sizzling-faith/42-lifestyle-entertainment/entertainment/2114-susan-muwonge-drives-into-music "Susan Muwonge drives into music"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Awaadi == * Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011)<ref name=":2" /> * Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012)<ref name=":2" /> == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 3isqbrkkao9fzmo0p9h517dzuagq1se 7374414 7374412 2026-10-25T19:37:53Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q6136290}} '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]].<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/susan-muwonge-queen-of-speed-1791602 "Susan Muwonge: Queen of speed"]. Daily Monitor. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara Uganda Certificate of Education kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na [[Wp/nyn/Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education|Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education]] (kuruga Gombe Secondary School).<ref>Ninsiima, Racheal. [https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17819:-champion-muwonge-motivated-by-challenge-&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 "Champion Muwonge motivated by challenge"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> Akaza [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]] yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza [[Wp/nyn/Kyambogo Univasite|Kyambogo University]] yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu [[Wp/nyn/Wakiso District|Disiturikiti ya Wakiso]]. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora.<ref name=":2">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/susan-muwonge-the-super-lady-1526566 "Susan Muwonge, the Super Lady"]. Daily Monitor. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref><ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker. [https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/sizzling-faith/42-lifestyle-entertainment/entertainment/2114-susan-muwonge-drives-into-music "Susan Muwonge drives into music"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Awaadi == * Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011)<ref name=":2" /> * Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012)<ref name=":2" /> == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 11atwchtnywnn6hm037q9523mpzzpnl 7374416 7374414 2026-10-25T19:38:12Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/nyn/Databox|item=Q6136290}} '''Susan Muwonge''' (owazairwe omuri 1977) n'omuvugi w'emotoka z'empaka kandi omwegyesa omunyayuganda. Naayetwa 'Super Lady' hamwe na "Queen of Speed", omuri 2011 bwanyima y'okuba omukazi w'okubanza kusingura empaka z'okuvuga emotoka ez'ihanga rya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]].<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/susan-muwonge-ugandas-queen-of-speed/av-47720559 "Susan Muwonge: Uganda's 'queen of speed'"], Deutsche Welle, 17 March 2019, retrieved 2021-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/susan-muwonge-queen-of-speed-1791602 "Susan Muwonge: Queen of speed"]. Daily Monitor. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Obwegyese == Akazaarwa ishe Kitonsa Fred kandi nyina owafiire akaba ari Namukasa Regina kandi akaza omu St Mary's Primary School Nabbingo ahabw'eishomero rye erya puraimare, yaamara [[Wp/nyn/Uganda Certificate of Education|Uganda Certificate of Education]] kuruga St Henry's Buyege Girls’ Secondary School hamwe na [[Wp/nyn/Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education|Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education]] (kuruga Gombe Secondary School).<ref>Ninsiima, Racheal. [https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17819:-champion-muwonge-motivated-by-challenge-&catid=42:sizzling-entertainment&Itemid=74 "Champion Muwonge motivated by challenge"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> Akaza [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]] yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor of Business Administration kandi bwanyima yaaza [[Wp/nyn/Kyambogo Univasite|Kyambogo University]] yaatunga diguri ya Bachelor's in Early Childhood Education.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo == Ahonaaho bwanyima y'okumara emishomo ye, we hamwe n'omushaija we Lawrence Muwonge bakatandikaho St Francis Junior School omuri Buddo omu [[Wp/nyn/Wakiso District|Disiturikiti ya Wakiso]]. Akagura emotoka ye y'okubanza ey'empaka, Mitsubishi Evo 2 eyabaire neevugwa Jamil Ssenyonjo kandi yatandika okuvuga empaka omuri 2005. Omu mpaka ze z'okubanza omuri Rakai, akamara omu mwanya gwa mukaaga. Omurimo gwe gw'okuvuga motoka gukatandika omu butongore omuri 2007 aha Garuga Racing Track. Akahinduka omukazi w'okubanza kusinga empaka za National Rally Championship omu Kwaikumi na kumwe 2011, arikusinga Ponsiano Lwakataka omu mpaka za kiromita 300 Independence Rally aha Festino City Race Circuit. Ku araabe atari kuvuga motoka kandi ariyo naayegyesa, Muwonge naakunda obuhingi, okukora emizaano hamwe n'okweshongora.<ref name=":2">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/susan-muwonge-the-super-lady-1526566 "Susan Muwonge, the Super Lady"]. Daily Monitor. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref><ref>Mulumba, Abu-Baker. [https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/sizzling-faith/42-lifestyle-entertainment/entertainment/2114-susan-muwonge-drives-into-music "Susan Muwonge drives into music"]. The Observer - Uganda. Retrieved 2021-03-20.</ref> == Awaadi == * Ekirabo kya Uganda Sports Press Association accolade (Okwaikumi 2011)<ref name=":2" /> * Uganda Sports Press Association Sports Personality of the Year (Okwakana 2012)<ref name=":2" /> == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] mjeug302ag1qmt780g85b5zwbkgz7n0 0 3827297 7374373 2026-10-25T19:20:18Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Edikasyon : Fòmasyon yon moun resevwa pou l aprann konesans, bon konpòtman ak prensip lavi.}}" 7374373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Edikasyon : Fòmasyon yon moun resevwa pou l aprann konesans, bon konpòtman ak prensip lavi.}} 1gbknnay3ocagu0xmv8poco1iaa61dr 7374376 7374373 2026-10-25T19:20:57Z Chersie06 2594754 7374376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Edikasyon : Fòmasyon yon moun resevwa pou l aprann konesans, bon konpòtman ak prensip lavi.|egzanp=Edikasyon se kle reyisit.}} ale2a4npq0bewl2pq2t7eugm15hpyjb 0 3827298 7374377 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championship omuri 2000, 2003 na 2004. Aine rikodi y'okwiruka kw'amaani (176-km/h) omu mpaka za Africa Rally Championship event.[1][2][3][4] 0avrtpzunkdkb81izl9pesbmc39ngn4 7374421 7374420 2026-10-25T19:42:14Z MEvalyn 2608615 Added statement 7374421 wikitext text/x-wiki Charlie Lubega n'omuvugi w'emotoka omukuru owa Uganda owabaire ariho, owaasingire empaka za Pearl of Africa Rally championship omuri 2000, 2003 na 2004. Aine rikodi y'okwiruka kw'amaani (176-km/h) omu mpaka za Africa Rally Championship event.[1][2][3][4] == Obwegyese == Lubega akaba ari omwegi wa Economics hamwe na Political Science aha Makerere University. 5cggc8vum2p8r8d4ndoz583xymxwpw3 7374425 7374421 2026-10-25T19:43:46Z MEvalyn 2608615 Added citation 7374425 wikitext text/x-wiki Charlie Lubega n'omuvugi w'emotoka omukuru owa Uganda owabaire ariho, owaasingire empaka za Pearl of Africa Rally championship omuri 2000, 2003 na 2004. Aine rikodi y'okwiruka kw'amaani (176-km/h) omu mpaka za Africa Rally Championship event.[1][2][3][4] <ref>[https://motorsportuganda.com/ugandas-best-at-the-pearl-of-africa-rally/ "Uganda's best at the Pearl of Africa Rally – Federation of Motorsport Clubs of Uganda"]. Retrieved 2023-07-04.</ref> == Obwegyese == Lubega akaba ari omwegi wa Economics hamwe na Political Science aha Makerere University. == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == ewfbes6d9sf9omcte5n322n30ecyymk 7374426 7374425 2026-10-25T19:44:46Z MEvalyn 2608615 Added citation 7374426 wikitext text/x-wiki Charlie Lubega n'omuvugi w'emotoka omukuru owa Uganda owabaire ariho, owaasingire empaka za Pearl of Africa Rally championship omuri 2000, 2003 na 2004. Aine rikodi y'okwiruka kw'amaani (176-km/h) omu mpaka za Africa Rally Championship event.[1][2][3][4] <ref>[https://motorsportuganda.com/ugandas-best-at-the-pearl-of-africa-rally/ "Uganda's best at the Pearl of Africa Rally – Federation of Motorsport Clubs of Uganda"]. Retrieved 2023-07-04.</ref> == Obwegyese == Lubega akaba ari omwegi wa Economics hamwe na Political Science aha Makerere University.<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1324424 "DJ Alberto celebrates 28 years spinning the discs"]. New Vision. Retrieved 2023-07-04.</ref> == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == 3gcl1z5669a4txjpg5nqtzq8ky90j8a 7374434 7374426 2026-10-25T19:56:01Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374434 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charlie Lubega''' n'omuvugi w'emotoka omukuru owa Uganda owabaire ariho, owaasingire empaka za Pearl of Africa Rally championship omuri 2000, 2003 na 2004. Aine rikodi y'okwiruka kw'amaani (176-km/h) omu mpaka za Africa Rally Championship event. <ref>[https://motorsportuganda.com/ugandas-best-at-the-pearl-of-africa-rally/ "Uganda's best at the Pearl of Africa Rally – Federation of Motorsport Clubs of Uganda"]. Retrieved 2023-07-04.</ref> == Obwegyese == Lubega akaba ari omwegi wa Economics hamwe na Political Science aha [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]].<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1324424 "DJ Alberto celebrates 28 years spinning the discs"]. New Vision. Retrieved 2023-07-04.</ref> == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == 8icqke6hs3zhbnaq4iwltu1uqmozqsw 7374435 7374434 2026-10-25T19:56:17Z MEvalyn 2608615 7374435 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charlie Lubega''' n'omuvugi w'emotoka omukuru owa Uganda owabaire ariho, owaasingire empaka za Pearl of Africa Rally championship omuri 2000, 2003 na 2004. Aine rikodi y'okwiruka kw'amaani (176km/h) omu mpaka za Africa Rally Championship event. <ref>[https://motorsportuganda.com/ugandas-best-at-the-pearl-of-africa-rally/ "Uganda's best at the Pearl of Africa Rally – Federation of Motorsport Clubs of Uganda"]. Retrieved 2023-07-04.</ref> == Obwegyese == Lubega akaba ari omwegi wa Economics hamwe na Political Science aha [[Wp/nyn/Makerere University|Makerere University]].<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1324424 "DJ Alberto celebrates 28 years spinning the discs"]. New Vision. Retrieved 2023-07-04.</ref> == Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho == 4jqjkqorvarscjo775di5vnihpsgn0h 0 3827307 7374422 2026-10-25T19:42:35Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Solidarite : Sipò ak èd moun bay youn lòt pou yo fè fas ak difikilte oswa reyalize yon objektif.}}" 7374422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Solidarite : Sipò ak èd moun bay youn lòt pou yo fè fas ak difikilte oswa reyalize yon objektif.}} 4mcy3lk7vofav0nll9eacjx7l3burou 7374423 7374422 2026-10-25T19:43:28Z Chersie06 2594754 7374423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Solidarite : Sipò ak èd moun bay youn lòt pou yo fè fas ak difikilte oswa reyalize yon objektif.|egzanp=Solidarite ede kominote a avanse.}} bjnon6r88q6y445gc3linxkiwqjpzwv 0 3827308 7374427 2026-10-25T19:45:01Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Volonte : Detèminasyon yon moun genyen pou l fè yon bagay.}}" 7374427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Volonte : Detèminasyon yon moun genyen pou l fè yon bagay.}} 2o6aslfdroyfltmjihsu1w2b91lvddr 7374428 7374427 2026-10-25T19:45:38Z Chersie06 2594754 7374428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Volonte : Detèminasyon yon moun genyen pou l fè yon bagay.|egzanp=Avèk volonte ak efò nap pote viktwa.}} 3nukfnhmpjp5cy3tmwo2vl0ke512pzf 0 3827309 7374465 2026-10-25T21:42:14Z ~2026-56809-80 2720008 Created page with "[[File:Tom and Jerry logo.svg|thumb]] '''Tom and Jerry'''. William Hanna. Joseph Barbera. Gene Deitch. Chuck Jones. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Turner Entertainment. 1940. [[Category:Wp/wlx]] {{INTERWIKI|Q131144}}" 7374465 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tom and Jerry logo.svg|thumb]] '''Tom and Jerry'''. William Hanna. Joseph Barbera. Gene Deitch. Chuck Jones. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Turner Entertainment. 1940. [[Category:Wp/wlx]] {{INTERWIKI|Q131144}} okomm78jeuwh9nuthuqvndr6vikihae 0 3827310 7374472 2026-10-25T22:47:42Z Manaf205 2595279 Created page with "Cheng Yen [[Category:Wq/ha]]" 7374472 wikitext text/x-wiki Cheng Yen [[Category:Wq/ha]] 6a66j3gqmhqwz73o4mwqlo0pbebw9q0 7374473 7374472 2026-10-25T22:52:28Z Manaf205 2595279 7374473 wikitext text/x-wiki Cheng Yen (證嚴法師; Zhèngyán Fǎshī; wadda aka haifarta da Chin-Yun Wong; an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1937) wata zuhuda ce ta addinin Buddah ’yar ƙasar Taiwan, malama, kuma mai ayyukan agaji. Ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar agaji ta Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, wadda aka fi sani da Tzu Chi kawai. [[Category:Wq/ha]] mvxj4i9wdjvf70e1jfrgre2657655e5 7374474 7374473 2026-10-25T22:53:10Z Manaf205 2595279 7374474 wikitext text/x-wiki Cheng Yen (證嚴法師; Zhèngyán Fǎshī; wadda aka haifarta da Chin-Yun Wong; an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1937) wata zuhuda ce ta addinin Buddah ’yar ƙasar Taiwan, malama, kuma mai ayyukan agaji. Ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar agaji ta Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, wadda aka fi sani da Tzu Chi kawai. == zantuka == [[Category:Wq/ha]] qqbbh9q8o6zrkgetvctr4lg8mm5mahb 7374475 7374474 2026-10-25T22:54:08Z Manaf205 2595279 /* zantuka */ 7374475 wikitext text/x-wiki Cheng Yen (證嚴法師; Zhèngyán Fǎshī; wadda aka haifarta da Chin-Yun Wong; an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1937) wata zuhuda ce ta addinin Buddah ’yar ƙasar Taiwan, malama, kuma mai ayyukan agaji. Ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar agaji ta Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, wadda aka fi sani da Tzu Chi kawai. == zantuka == Ƙauna da tausayi suna wuce bambancin launin fata, ƙasashe, da nisan ƙasa. (shafi na vi) - Dukkan rayuka sun cancanci a girmama su, kuma dukkan halittu suna buƙatar a ƙaunace su. Ya kamata ya kasance da sauƙi a gare mu mu ji zafin da wasu halittu ke sha, ko da ba a cikin jikinmu yake ba, sannan mu ba da farin ciki ga waɗanda baƙi ne gare mu. [[Category:Wq/ha]] 6a4cklkwgy8dqmj1y62xssd7xq9qfzv 0 3827311 7374476 2026-10-25T23:52:32Z ~2026-57079-55 2720033 Created page with "[[File:Flickr - Nicholas T - Thomas the Tank Engine.jpg|thumb]] '''Thomas & Friends''' ('''Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends''') ('''Thomas the Tank Engine'''). The Railway Series. Rev W. Awdry. Britt Allcroft. 1984. [[Category:Wp/wlx]] {{INTERWIKI|Q501663}}" 7374476 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flickr - Nicholas T - Thomas the Tank Engine.jpg|thumb]] '''Thomas & Friends''' ('''Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends''') ('''Thomas the Tank Engine'''). The Railway Series. Rev W. Awdry. Britt Allcroft. 1984. [[Category:Wp/wlx]] {{INTERWIKI|Q501663}} 21u2ud4sv2bkdgdrapadhxad5erccme 0 3827312 7374477 2026-10-25T23:53:48Z Gaboxlaj 2716855 Ab'ajiläj 7374477 wikitext text/x-wiki Pedregoso. Yalan ab'ajiläj rub'anom ri b'ey, akuchi' xojq'ax pe rik'in qejqa'n. / El camino por donde pasamos con nuestra carga estaba muy pedregoso. [[Category:Wt/cak]] kulepozurni6c9318nt6j3hp8iogefh 10 3827313 7374478 2026-10-26T00:15:44Z Sree1959 2594881 வார்ப்புரு உருவாக்கப்பட்டது 7374478 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink">[{{fullurl:{{{page|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|action=purge}}#{{#if:{{{anchor|}}}|{{urlencode:{{{anchor|}}}|WIKI}}}} <span title="Purge this page">{{{1|Purge}}}</span>]</span><noinclude> {{Wy/ta/Documentation}} [[Category:Wy/ta/Templates]] </noinclude> kzbtpgtay2obj8rszfjd1sza85a3t3l 0 3827314 7374479 2026-10-26T00:21:07Z Gaboxlaj 2716855 Ab'om 7374479 wikitext text/x-wiki Jovenes. Jujun ab'om e k'o pa b'ey xeto'o pe ri achi rik'in ri rejqa'n. / Algunos jóvenes en la calle ayudaron al señor con su carga. [[Category:Wt/cak]] n9hlwyvai0g0zxuzpybs7b82t90z6ej 0 3827315 7374480 2026-10-26T00:28:19Z Gaboxlaj 2716855 Ab'ajinïk 7374480 wikitext text/x-wiki Endurecer. Ja ri achi xab'ajin richin ri xan xuporoj pa q'aq'. / El señor fue quien endureció los ladrillos en el fuego. [[Category:Wt/cak]] ocyz59b252lxy93x383rsgopq1eaoi2 0 3827316 7374481 2026-10-26T00:33:23Z Gaboxlaj 2716855 Ab'ya Yala 7374481 wikitext text/x-wiki América. K'ïy kiwäch qawinaq e k'o pan Ab'ya Yala, ri maya' winäq jun chi ke rije'. / Hay diversidad de gente nativa en América, la maya es una de ellas. [[Category:Wt/cak]] c6c13jcfemmcudcj3jgwne6hc91g8og 0 3827317 7374482 2026-10-26T00:44:28Z Gaboxlaj 2716855 Ab'ajirinäq 7374482 wikitext text/x-wiki Petrificado. Ab'ajirinäq chik ri ya' ruma ri tew nub'än. / El agua ya se petrificó por el frío que hace. [[Category:Wt/cak]] ejvdfql7rax4nbywvso0vv0tdnn7p88 0 3827318 7374483 2026-10-26T00:57:53Z Gaboxlaj 2716855 Ab'ajirïk 7374483 wikitext text/x-wiki Endurecer. Xab'ajîr ri ch'ab'äq chuchi' ri rochoch ri ti rijiläj achi'. / El lodo se endureció en la entrada de la casa del ancianito. [[Category:Wt/cak]] gxnbsmqo63z6biszb53jkfy2gdml0xi 10 3827319 7374485 2026-10-26T01:10:03Z Mano Paiva 1531006 Predefinição. 7374485 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOEDITSECTION__<noinclude>[[Category:Wt/yrl/Tetama-itá|yrl]]</noinclude><includeonly>[[Category:Wt/yrl/Nheenga-itá]]</includeonly> ====<span style="color:#040720;">[[File:Article-improve-translation.svg|25px]] ''Amú nheenga rupí''</span>==== qysvxjn9js98tinwg8po2d2p2hm6gcs 0 3827320 7374488 2026-10-26T01:24:01Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Abitid : Yon bagay yon moun abitye fè souvan.}}" 7374488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Abitid : Yon bagay yon moun abitye fè souvan.}} 3hwvq32ws5jyytbz7odxghq8vt7yeh8 7374491 7374488 2026-10-26T01:24:50Z Chersie06 2594754 7374491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Abitid : Yon bagay yon moun abitye fè souvan.|egzanp=Li gen abitit leve bonè nan maten.}} hprpfxqq8fax4f3cdo5crcdntia3bcj 3 3827321 7374490 2026-10-26T01:24:19Z Fathoms Below 2603448 Fathoms Below moved page [[User talk:Zecanard]] to [[User talk:ZeCanard]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Zecanard|Zecanard]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/ZeCanard|ZeCanard]]" 7374490 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:ZeCanard]] rsrhtcm17b7nauxq8iz8wqlzxxb68fl 0 3827322 7374492 2026-10-26T01:26:41Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Aksyon : Yon bagay yon moun fè.}}" 7374492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Aksyon : Yon bagay yon moun fè.}} f6xru36kv9uy0w2fp4b6wu5qbo6tfyt 7374493 7374492 2026-10-26T01:27:45Z Chersie06 2594754 7374493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Aksyon : Yon bagay yon moun fè.|egzanp=Bon aksyon ka ede lòt moun.}} 0fe10bf2nsyduvuixuvknoxa7yd11a2 0 3827323 7374494 2026-10-26T01:28:46Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Anvi : Santiman ki fè yon moun ta renmen gen oswa fè yon bagay.}}" 7374494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Anvi : Santiman ki fè yon moun ta renmen gen oswa fè yon bagay.}} q6mpez0eilzeji7fy3oknfmipybniav 7374495 7374494 2026-10-26T01:29:12Z Chersie06 2594754 7374495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Anvi : Santiman ki fè yon moun ta renmen gen oswa fè yon bagay.|egzanp=Mwen gen anvi aprann.}} sq7tk9i6heke2tcc5zxqoufauvltweo 0 3827324 7374496 2026-10-26T01:30:16Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Atansyon : Swen yon moun bay yon bagay oswa yon sitiyasyon.}}" 7374496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Atansyon : Swen yon moun bay yon bagay oswa yon sitiyasyon.}} iuztgh10t46fqgz9ix9tvxdmtj6sxfw 7374497 7374496 2026-10-26T01:31:23Z Chersie06 2594754 7374497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Atansyon : Swen yon moun bay yon bagay oswa yon sitiyasyon.|egzanp=Koute pwofesè a avèk atansyon.}} pzek2mbqzcqz3doc9iuv386m8tfaqyt 0 3827325 7374500 2026-10-26T01:35:14Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Brav ki gen kouraj devan danje oswa difikilte.}}" 7374500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Brav ki gen kouraj devan danje oswa difikilte.}} 0l58rw7a1b3jh22lkhhbth8y3ciq0jt 7374501 7374500 2026-10-26T01:35:51Z Chersie06 2594754 7374501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Brav ki gen kouraj devan danje oswa difikilte.|egzanp=Manman pitit yo se fanm vanyan.}} iqrsk9ko9i9g3qa5wctbo4c5f9q8pqt 0 3827326 7374502 2026-10-26T01:37:04Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Byennèt : Eta yon moun ki santi li byen nan kò li ak nan lavi li.}}" 7374502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Byennèt : Eta yon moun ki santi li byen nan kò li ak nan lavi li.}} 7umlc3t4zxkoluikbzpofl5njiy0mhy 7374503 7374502 2026-10-26T01:37:43Z Chersie06 2594754 7374503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Byennèt : Eta yon moun ki santi li byen nan kò li ak nan lavi 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7374510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Diyite : Valè ak devwa chak moun merite.|egzanp=Jako kenbe diyite l nan zòn lakay li.}} 3mh8u9vqx0lq0jqp63urwn8g1juv0pw 0 3827329 7374513 2026-10-26T01:49:04Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Disiplin : Kapasite pou respekte règ epi kontwole konpòtman li.}}" 7374513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Disiplin : Kapasite pou respekte règ epi kontwole konpòtman li.}} 3teenf1h8rbbg894wx8o7np7nds62f5 7374514 7374513 2026-10-26T01:49:40Z Chersie06 2594754 7374514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Disiplin : Kapasite pou respekte règ epi kontwole konpòtman li.|egzanp=Disiplin ede elèv la reyisi.}} 4cm7s677f0xzrm0tllaqgz1hefbwbph 0 3827330 7374515 2026-10-26T01:50:54Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Efò : Travay oswa enèji yon moun depanse pou l reyalize yon bagay.}}" 7374515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Efò : Travay oswa enèji yon moun depanse pou l reyalize yon bagay.}} 4j4agmuofspvaslknzncjrnhf3avgw6 7374516 7374515 2026-10-26T01:51:35Z Chersie06 2594754 7374516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Efò : Travay oswa enèji yon moun depanse pou l reyalize yon bagay.|egzanp=Li fè anpil efò pou l reyisi.}} ayaokbed9ebzogbgpiugu5tzqcbvu9s 0 3827331 7374518 2026-10-26T01:54:17Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Egalite : Prensip ki mande pou moun jwenn menm dwa ak menm konsiderasyon devan lalwa.}}" 7374518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Egalite : Prensip ki mande pou moun jwenn menm dwa ak menm konsiderasyon devan lalwa.}} jow0ehy75onguxb9zvwp82f6qf7ut63 7374519 7374518 2026-10-26T01:55:17Z Chersie06 2594754 7374519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Egalite : Prensip ki mande pou moun jwenn menm dwa ak menm konsiderasyon devan lalwa.|egzanp=Nou dwe ankouraje égalité ant fi ak gason.}} 8z06zbg1on8stazmy1ko55iz70r368e 0 3827332 7374521 2026-10-26T01:56:18Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Eksperyans : Konesans yon moun vin genyen grasa sa li viv oswa sa li fè.}}" 7374521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Eksperyans : Konesans yon moun vin genyen grasa sa li viv oswa sa li fè.}} ihqc1f554m3qwqo64wyorjariwdk0uo 7374522 7374521 2026-10-26T01:57:58Z Chersie06 2594754 7374522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Eksperyans : Konesans yon moun vin genyen grasa sa li viv oswa sa li fè.|egzanp=Eksperyans ede nou aprann.}} 2dpoxij854kv1bfuspf4zueyel68nrn 0 3827333 7374523 2026-10-26T02:00:31Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Fidelite : Kalite yon moun ki rete fidèl ak angajman li oswa ak yon lòt moun.}}" 7374523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Fidelite : Kalite yon moun ki rete fidèl ak angajman li oswa ak yon lòt moun.}} shz53gthcbrweoxw0f0622kk8y6qulj 7374524 7374523 2026-10-26T02:00:51Z Chersie06 2594754 7374524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{definisyon|definisyon=Fidelite : Kalite yon moun ki rete fidèl ak angajman li oswa ak yon lòt moun.}} es9mwwh8y249krrcgi134okkoccpggj 7374525 7374524 2026-10-26T02:01:38Z Chersie06 2594754 7374525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{definisyon|definisyon=Fidelite : Kalite yon moun ki rete fidèl ak angajman li oswa ak yon lòt moun.}} {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Fidelite : Kalite yon moun ki rete fidèl ak angajman li oswa ak yon lòt moun.}} 0ek79f285fh8o4hlfrtvujvc9efhgzu 7374526 7374525 2026-10-26T02:03:29Z Chersie06 2594754 7374526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{definisyon|definisyon=Fidelite : Kalite yon moun ki rete fidèl ak angajman li oswa ak yon lòt moun.}} {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Fidelite : Kalite yon moun ki rete fidèl ak angajman li oswa ak yon lòt moun.|egzanp=Depi w fidèl nan tout sa wap fè, Bondye ap beni w.}} fsew1t3yush32eyit9i31tojd2x2h72 0 3827334 7374527 2026-10-26T02:04:33Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Fyète : Santiman satisfaksyon yon moun genyen pou tèt li oswa pou yon bagay li reyalize.}}" 7374527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Fyète : Santiman satisfaksyon yon moun genyen pou tèt li oswa pou yon bagay li reyalize.}} hys6tm4n7jds6odj9inci3ftcdgmy08 7374528 7374527 2026-10-26T02:05:21Z Chersie06 2594754 7374528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Fyète : Santiman satisfaksyon yon moun genyen pou tèt li oswa pou yon bagay li reyalize.|egzanp=Mwen gen fyète pou travay kominote nou an.}} cnto4efgaysrebty2j3reb5259igo9v 0 3827335 7374531 2026-10-26T02:06:19Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Gratitid : Santiman rekonesans pou yon byen yon moun fè pou nou.}}" 7374531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Gratitid : Santiman rekonesans pou yon byen yon moun fè pou nou.}} n42ryt9c86swlspfovaf4naqzrrovog 7374532 7374531 2026-10-26T02:07:11Z Chersie06 2594754 7374532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Gratitid : Santiman rekonesans pou yon byen yon moun fè pou nou.|egzanp=Mwen gen gratitid pou tout moun ki ede m yo.}} jjs7g8cgz1c9uk3gcll75nulkeo953s 0 3827336 7374533 2026-10-26T02:08:22Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Gratis: lè w pa peye pou yon sèvi s ou resevwa.}}" 7374533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Gratis: lè w pa peye pou yon sèvi s ou resevwa.}} ammjx25ro6suqsw94kx2t7yo1z6x585 7374534 7374533 2026-10-26T02:09:07Z Chersie06 2594754 7374534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Gratis: lè w pa peye pou yon sèvi s ou resevwa.|egzanp=Natkòm banm 100 megabay gratis.}} j87lxp7dtmmakxfvh1h9zxrroguh1b5 0 3827337 7374535 2026-10-26T02:10:08Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Gid : Moun oswa dokiman ki ede yon lòt moun jwenn direksyon oswa konprann yon bagay.}}" 7374535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Gid : Moun oswa 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My user name is sathiyapaval. I belong to chennai (Tamilnadu). My native language is Tamil, but I am curious about other languages. Contributing to sister projects (Wikivoyage)(விக்கி பயணம்)" 7374569 wikitext text/x-wiki I am A.sathiyamurthy. My user name is sathiyapaval. I belong to chennai (Tamilnadu). My native language is Tamil, but I am curious about other languages. Contributing to sister projects (Wikivoyage)(விக்கி பயணம்) gwqgvrco4qqs9633nxfeyz4xkewy9us 7374577 7374569 2026-10-26T03:08:21Z Sathiyapaval 2712541 7374577 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A Sathiyamurthy- sathiyapaval.jpg|right|312x312px]] I am A.sathiyamurthy. My user name is sathiyapaval. I belong to chennai (Tamilnadu). My native language is Tamil, but I am curious about other languages. Contributing to sister projects (Wikivoyage)(விக்கி பயணம்) iw6gk5wgknnxh013e5xdfcw0j9a6s85 0 3827350 7374570 2026-10-26T02:59:37Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Nesesite : Yon bagay ki endispansab oswa ki vrèman nesesè.}}" 7374570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Nesesite : Yon bagay ki endispansab oswa ki vrèman nesesè.}} hugferwezjai97hfp7m6b41ysxapou6 7374572 7374570 2026-10-26T03:00:12Z Chersie06 2594754 7374572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Nesesite : Yon bagay ki endispansab oswa ki vrèman nesesè.|egzanp=Nesesite fèm pèdi wout siksè a.}} 16hhrghp5ndf53ne4eyxxlvbl4ftb4p 0 3827351 7374573 2026-10-26T03:02:03Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Nouri : Bay yon moun oswa yon bèt manje pou ede l viv epi grandi.}}" 7374573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Nouri : Bay yon moun oswa yon bèt manje pou ede l viv epi grandi.}} di9kya81ld54y4djagkrgkg7rilfhis 7374574 7374573 2026-10-26T03:02:51Z Chersie06 2594754 7374574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Nouri : Bay yon moun oswa yon bèt manje pou ede l viv epi grandi.|egzanp=Paran yo dwe byen nouri pitit yo.}} brb9czggghctg09q3lykbqwficn5opc 0 3827352 7374575 2026-10-26T03:04:25Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Objektif : Rezilta yon moun vle rive jwenn.}}" 7374575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Objektif : Rezilta yon moun vle rive jwenn.}} e3ymk67t4vz146q0rip7saaf9ahhlmh 7374576 7374575 2026-10-26T03:05:10Z Chersie06 2594754 7374576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Objektif : Rezilta yon moun vle rive jwenn.|egzanp=Objectif mwen se pou m reyelize rout rèv mwen yo.}} jpp4x0mdo87rpgot1habgeuv4fir5c9 0 3827353 7374578 2026-10-26T03:19:12Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Obligasyon : Yon bagay yon moun dwe fè selon yon règ, yon angajman oswa lalwa.}}" 7374578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Obligasyon : Yon bagay yon moun dwe fè selon yon règ, yon angajman oswa lalwa.}} nzt3qzdeiy4hhlj2zjp1lmzmgrovmc4 7374579 7374578 2026-10-26T03:20:06Z Chersie06 2594754 7374579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Obligasyon : Yon bagay yon moun dwe fè selon yon règ, yon angajman oswa lalwa.|egzanp=Sitwayen yo gen obligasyon pou yo respekte sa lalwa di.}} ktzxp576nrllqs93vp6mmjb7hsr9yo7 0 3827354 7374580 2026-10-26T03:21:12Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Patisipasyon : Aksyon yon moun pran pou l kontribye nan yon aktivite.}}" 7374580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Patisipasyon : Aksyon yon moun pran pou l kontribye nan yon aktivite.}} 1p5i4xo2j7sryxanc8vltt85kzt0tz6 7374581 7374580 2026-10-26T03:21:50Z Chersie06 2594754 7374581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Patisipasyon : Aksyon yon moun pran pou l kontribye nan yon aktivite.|egzanp=Patisipasyon fanm nan 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2026-10-26T03:25:13Z Chersie06 2594754 7374585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Pwogrè : Amelyorasyon oswa avansman nan yon domèn.|egzanp=Lekti regilye ede timoun fè pwogrè.}} aw8pbapsei8rau4bz3cjeokhv6kt1g5 0 3827357 7374586 2026-10-26T03:26:09Z Chersie06 2594754 Created page with "{{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Reyalizasyon : Aksyon pou fè yon pwojè oswa yon objektif tounen yon reyalite.}}" 7374586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Reyalizasyon : Aksyon pou fè yon pwojè oswa yon objektif tounen yon reyalite.}} 50ev008x22969yzyymx6i856iocrgz0 7374587 7374586 2026-10-26T03:26:50Z Chersie06 2594754 7374587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Reyalizasyon : Aksyon pou fè yon pwojè oswa yon objektif tounen yon reyalite.|egzanp=Reyalize yon pwojè mande bon sans.}} 62k8orpb4zbbp1t609sjtpya6u6g14k 7374588 7374587 2026-10-26T03:27:18Z Chersie06 2594754 7374588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wt/ht/definisyon|definisyon=Reyalizasyon : Aksyon pou fè yon 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[[User:6149420a]] to [[User:バズーカルパン]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/6149420a|6149420a]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/バズーカルパン|バズーカルパン]]" 7374619 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User:バズーカルパン]] ej579tkf7kpbjv2sm3da5dg48ssele6 0 3827370 7374620 2026-10-26T04:59:42Z Galdiz 2568250 Created page with "Donga vanyi mulmu o Taraba, Nigeria. Ji uyanyi LGA ar fa 1991. Huda mulmauni chan o mulmu Donga ar ba dul nu Donga ar 7°43'00"E. Jografi Donga thlabu kurani chan 3,121 km2 ana mulmu dugalu nu dul Donga kra avir ma'i LGA. Ngeyar kwakwadu krani chan 32°C(90°F) ngyar kwakwadu kra mulmauni chan 32°C(90°F) ngeyar mulmuni LGA ar 17 pasenti. [[Category:Wp/mrt]]" 7374620 wikitext text/x-wiki Donga vanyi mulmu o Taraba, Nigeria. Ji uyanyi LGA ar fa 1991. Huda mulmauni chan o mulmu Donga ar ba dul nu Donga ar 7°43'00"E. Jografi Donga thlabu kurani chan 3,121 km2 ana mulmu dugalu nu dul Donga kra avir ma'i LGA. Ngeyar kwakwadu krani chan 32°C(90°F) ngyar kwakwadu kra mulmauni chan 32°C(90°F) ngeyar mulmuni LGA ar 17 pasenti. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] md1aluefi5ll5r01z8bot76eg86y00g 7374621 7374620 2026-10-26T05:00:10Z Galdiz 2568250 7374621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donga'''Donga vanyi mulmu o Taraba, Nigeria. Ji uyanyi LGA ar fa 1991. Huda mulmauni chan o mulmu Donga ar ba dul nu Donga ar 7°43'00"E. Jografi Donga thlabu kurani chan 3,121 km2 ana mulmu dugalu nu dul Donga kra avir ma'i LGA. Ngeyar kwakwadu krani chan 32°C(90°F) ngyar kwakwadu kra mulmauni chan 32°C(90°F) ngeyar mulmuni LGA ar 17 pasenti. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] 005zxc4u6lmq85i24nvnzik3495fbip 7374622 7374621 2026-10-26T05:00:31Z Galdiz 2568250 7374622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donga''' vanyi mulmu o Taraba, Nigeria. Ji uyanyi LGA ar fa 1991. Huda mulmauni chan o mulmu Donga ar ba dul nu Donga ar 7°43'00"E. Jografi Donga thlabu kurani chan 3,121 km2 ana mulmu dugalu nu dul Donga kra avir ma'i LGA. Ngeyar kwakwadu krani chan 32°C(90°F) ngyar kwakwadu kra mulmauni chan 32°C(90°F) ngeyar mulmuni LGA ar 17 pasenti. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] g9agc9adpvt7z021e929m1yrdtbyvlp 7374623 7374622 2026-10-26T05:01:08Z Galdiz 2568250 7374623 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donga''' vanyi mulmu o Taraba, Najeriya. Ji uyanyi LGA ar fa 1991. Huda mulmauni chan o mulmu Donga ar ba dul nu Donga ar 7°43'00"E. Jografi Donga thlabu kurani chan 3,121 km2 ana mulmu dugalu nu dul Donga kra avir ma'i LGA. Ngeyar kwakwadu krani chan 32°C(90°F) ngyar kwakwadu kra mulmauni chan 32°C(90°F) ngeyar mulmuni LGA ar 17 pasenti. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] 6048rztcd2zyblhu48tdle5gjhs0c58 7374624 7374623 2026-10-26T05:01:57Z Galdiz 2568250 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q5295795]] 7374624 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donga''' vanyi mulmu o Taraba, Najeriya. Ji uyanyi LGA ar fa 1991. Huda mulmauni chan o mulmu Donga ar ba dul nu Donga ar 7°43'00"E. Jografi Donga thlabu kurani chan 3,121 km2 ana mulmu dugalu nu dul Donga kra avir ma'i LGA. Ngeyar kwakwadu krani chan 32°C(90°F) ngyar kwakwadu kra mulmauni chan 32°C(90°F) ngeyar mulmuni LGA ar 17 pasenti. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5295795}} fqv26p3kkices0ocgydcr6qpense1ol 7374625 7374624 2026-10-26T05:02:45Z Galdiz 2568250 7374625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mrt/Databox|item=Q5295795}} '''Donga''' vanyi mulmu o Taraba, Najeriya. Ji uyanyi LGA ar fa 1991. Huda mulmauni chan o mulmu Donga ar ba dul nu Donga ar 7°43'00"E. Jografi Donga thlabu kurani chan 3,121 km2 ana mulmu dugalu nu dul Donga kra avir ma'i LGA. Ngeyar kwakwadu krani chan 32°C(90°F) ngyar kwakwadu kra mulmauni chan 32°C(90°F) ngeyar mulmuni LGA ar 17 pasenti. [[Category:Wp/mrt]] {{INTERWIKI|Q5295795}} 015qsm8m0klef1w8gzmjcpal160cyag 0 3827371 7374626 2026-10-26T05:23:47Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 Created page with "Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu Uganda orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).[1][2] [[Category:Wp/nyn]]" 7374626 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu Uganda orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).[1][2] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] isgjwzsp6nu9frx2pvu3bwxoqq4l5cd 7374628 7374626 2026-10-26T05:26:38Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374628 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu Uganda orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).[1][2] == Amagara g'obuto == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] gcn1kpx8n0qbixwj6t7qvg6rkbvjoam 7374629 7374628 2026-10-26T05:27:25Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374629 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu Uganda orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).[1][2] == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri Mukono ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019,[3][4] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 3hg2krfuion7t2cwoxrkslii3h5php2 7374630 7374629 2026-10-26T05:30:03Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374630 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu Uganda orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).[1][2] == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri Mukono ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019,[3][4] Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.[4] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 6qwm6pcfmxttxj5l4r8x6appuvgumsf 7374631 7374630 2026-10-26T05:33:19Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374631 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu Uganda orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).[1][2] == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri Mukono ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019,[3][4] Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.[4] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 42vmwqhddav6n8pkt3gqmvmrwkniscf 7374632 7374631 2026-10-26T05:44:55Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374632 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu Uganda orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).[1][2] == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri Mukono ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019,[3][4] Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.[4] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.[5] Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.[6][7] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] myql3iqgsnjw9sbk8yljfhdb086r53y 7374633 7374632 2026-10-26T05:45:20Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374633 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu Uganda orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).[1][2] == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri Mukono ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019,[3][4] Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.[4] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.[5] Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.[6][7] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] o7cezc8fqshyw2htm45dl4zmzucrk1l 7374634 7374633 2026-10-26T05:45:49Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374634 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu Uganda orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).[1][2] == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri Mukono ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019,[3][4] Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.[4] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.[5] Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.[6][7] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.[3][8] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 322c6f5rne4he89sr23aeu85akotanc 7374635 7374634 2026-10-26T05:46:28Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374635 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu Uganda orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).[1][2] == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri Mukono ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019,[3][4] Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.[4] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.[5] Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.[6][7] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.[3][8] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] rghor712dfvw9uqrr4kwb02m0uprz8o 7374636 7374635 2026-10-26T05:47:07Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374636 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu Uganda orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/andrew-tendo-city-oilers-will-get-better-4982320 "Andrew Tendo: City Oilers will get better"]. Monitor. 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri Mukono ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019,[3][4] Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.[4] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.[5] Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.[6][7] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.[3][8] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] h8gizeyavluuynj4txcd2nxtxapsg80 7374637 7374636 2026-10-26T05:47:37Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374637 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu Uganda orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/andrew-tendo-city-oilers-will-get-better-4982320 "Andrew Tendo: City Oilers will get better"]. Monitor. 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-on-course-3765118 "KIU Titans on course"]. Monitor. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri Mukono ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019,[3][4] Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.[4] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.[5] Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.[6][7] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.[3][8] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] bx60zv13207y24vdsfa4l5wcxx3mdm3 7374638 7374637 2026-10-26T05:47:46Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374638 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/andrew-tendo-city-oilers-will-get-better-4982320 "Andrew Tendo: City Oilers will get better"]. Monitor. 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-on-course-3765118 "KIU Titans on course"]. Monitor. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri Mukono ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019,[3][4] Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.[4] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.[5] Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.[6][7] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.[3][8] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] i2jcp6qmie3fffgadd07z3quuhsq597 7374639 7374638 2026-10-26T05:48:08Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374639 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/andrew-tendo-city-oilers-will-get-better-4982320 "Andrew Tendo: City Oilers will get better"]. Monitor. 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-on-course-3765118 "KIU Titans on course"]. Monitor. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri [[Wp/nyn/Mukono|Mukono]] ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019,[3][4] Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.[4] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.[5] Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.[6][7] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.[3][8] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 7lz6x33fr5kvn2mgpenzntkxadah5b3 7374640 7374639 2026-10-26T05:48:59Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374640 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/andrew-tendo-city-oilers-will-get-better-4982320 "Andrew Tendo: City Oilers will get better"]. Monitor. 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-on-course-3765118 "KIU Titans on course"]. Monitor. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri [[Wp/nyn/Mukono|Mukono]] ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019.<ref>Kule, Edwin Kyle (2024-02-13). [https://kawowo.com/2024/02/14/silverbacks-squad-revealed-ahead-of-2025-afrobasket-qualifiers/ "Silverbacks squad revealed ahead of 2025 AfroBasket Qualifiers"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.[4] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.[5] Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.[6][7] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.[3][8] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] rmtgbqhglkfkkhs9v5ztr3r40g7hni1 7374641 7374640 2026-10-26T05:49:50Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374641 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/andrew-tendo-city-oilers-will-get-better-4982320 "Andrew Tendo: City Oilers will get better"]. Monitor. 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-on-course-3765118 "KIU Titans on course"]. Monitor. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri [[Wp/nyn/Mukono|Mukono]] ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019.<ref>Kule, Edwin Kyle (2024-02-13). [https://kawowo.com/2024/02/14/silverbacks-squad-revealed-ahead-of-2025-afrobasket-qualifiers/ "Silverbacks squad revealed ahead of 2025 AfroBasket Qualifiers"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-back-in-business-4730496 "KIU Titans back in business]". Monitor. 2024-08-19. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.[4] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.[5] Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.[6][7] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.[3][8] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 5q39z53e089f5ryl29jq9zyymh24s4h 7374642 7374641 2026-10-26T05:50:09Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374642 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/andrew-tendo-city-oilers-will-get-better-4982320 "Andrew Tendo: City Oilers will get better"]. Monitor. 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-on-course-3765118 "KIU Titans on course"]. Monitor. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri Jinja ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri [[Wp/nyn/Mukono|Mukono]] ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019.<ref>Kule, Edwin Kyle (2024-02-13). [https://kawowo.com/2024/02/14/silverbacks-squad-revealed-ahead-of-2025-afrobasket-qualifiers/ "Silverbacks squad revealed ahead of 2025 AfroBasket Qualifiers"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-back-in-business-4730496 "KIU Titans back in business]". Monitor. 2024-08-19. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.[5] Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.[6][7] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.[3][8] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] jydo4kjp6cqny7uqyc72nbkhvfxzg18 7374643 7374642 2026-10-26T05:50:21Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374643 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/andrew-tendo-city-oilers-will-get-better-4982320 "Andrew Tendo: City Oilers will get better"]. Monitor. 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-on-course-3765118 "KIU Titans on course"]. Monitor. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri [[Wp/nyn/Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]] ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri [[Wp/nyn/Mukono|Mukono]] ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019.<ref>Kule, Edwin Kyle (2024-02-13). [https://kawowo.com/2024/02/14/silverbacks-squad-revealed-ahead-of-2025-afrobasket-qualifiers/ "Silverbacks squad revealed ahead of 2025 AfroBasket Qualifiers"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-back-in-business-4730496 "KIU Titans back in business]". Monitor. 2024-08-19. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.[5] Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.[6][7] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.[3][8] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] sqnlpah9wuhz01wj99vakxwn05to45r 7374644 7374643 2026-10-26T05:51:05Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374644 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/andrew-tendo-city-oilers-will-get-better-4982320 "Andrew Tendo: City Oilers will get better"]. Monitor. 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-on-course-3765118 "KIU Titans on course"]. Monitor. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri [[Wp/nyn/Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]] ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri [[Wp/nyn/Mukono|Mukono]] ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019.<ref>Kule, Edwin Kyle (2024-02-13). [https://kawowo.com/2024/02/14/silverbacks-squad-revealed-ahead-of-2025-afrobasket-qualifiers/ "Silverbacks squad revealed ahead of 2025 AfroBasket Qualifiers"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-back-in-business-4730496 "KIU Titans back in business]". Monitor. 2024-08-19. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-defeat-jkl-for-first-victory-3761506 "KIU Titans defeat JKL for first victory]". Monitor. 2022-03-26. Retrieved 2026-10-15.</ref> Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.[6][7] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.[3][8] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] b84yx8bj86zbw0syjtlondv57n8eusy 7374645 7374644 2026-10-26T05:51:41Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374645 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/andrew-tendo-city-oilers-will-get-better-4982320 "Andrew Tendo: City Oilers will get better"]. Monitor. 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-on-course-3765118 "KIU Titans on course"]. Monitor. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri [[Wp/nyn/Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]] ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri [[Wp/nyn/Mukono|Mukono]] ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019.<ref>Kule, Edwin Kyle (2024-02-13). [https://kawowo.com/2024/02/14/silverbacks-squad-revealed-ahead-of-2025-afrobasket-qualifiers/ "Silverbacks squad revealed ahead of 2025 AfroBasket Qualifiers"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-back-in-business-4730496 "KIU Titans back in business]". Monitor. 2024-08-19. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-defeat-jkl-for-first-victory-3761506 "KIU Titans defeat JKL for first victory]". Monitor. 2022-03-26. Retrieved 2026-10-15.</ref> Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/komakech-enabu-roll-back-the-years-4975306 "Komakech, Enabu roll back the years"]. Monitor. 2025-03-22. Retrieved 2026-10-15.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.[3][8] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] e2b2is5q9sio6w9kyxg9c9enexwbxzt 7374646 7374645 2026-10-26T05:52:10Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374646 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/andrew-tendo-city-oilers-will-get-better-4982320 "Andrew Tendo: City Oilers will get better"]. Monitor. 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-on-course-3765118 "KIU Titans on course"]. Monitor. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri [[Wp/nyn/Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]] ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri [[Wp/nyn/Mukono|Mukono]] ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019.<ref>Kule, Edwin Kyle (2024-02-13). [https://kawowo.com/2024/02/14/silverbacks-squad-revealed-ahead-of-2025-afrobasket-qualifiers/ "Silverbacks squad revealed ahead of 2025 AfroBasket Qualifiers"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-back-in-business-4730496 "KIU Titans back in business]". Monitor. 2024-08-19. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-defeat-jkl-for-first-victory-3761506 "KIU Titans defeat JKL for first victory]". Monitor. 2022-03-26. Retrieved 2026-10-15.</ref> Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/komakech-enabu-roll-back-the-years-4975306 "Komakech, Enabu roll back the years"]. Monitor. 2025-03-22. Retrieved 2026-10-15.</ref><ref>Kule, Edwin Kyle (2025-03-18). [https://kawowo.com/2025/03/18/city-oilers-confirm-two-additions-ahead-of-2025-nbl-season/ "City Oilers confirm two additions ahead of 2025 NBL Season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-15.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.[3][8] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] hlte2p5c623231xobce94ahwdtv4smt 7374647 7374646 2026-10-26T05:52:33Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374647 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/andrew-tendo-city-oilers-will-get-better-4982320 "Andrew Tendo: City Oilers will get better"]. Monitor. 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-on-course-3765118 "KIU Titans on course"]. Monitor. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri [[Wp/nyn/Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]] ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri [[Wp/nyn/Mukono|Mukono]] ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019.<ref name=":2">Kule, Edwin Kyle (2024-02-13). [https://kawowo.com/2024/02/14/silverbacks-squad-revealed-ahead-of-2025-afrobasket-qualifiers/ "Silverbacks squad revealed ahead of 2025 AfroBasket Qualifiers"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-back-in-business-4730496 "KIU Titans back in business]". Monitor. 2024-08-19. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-defeat-jkl-for-first-victory-3761506 "KIU Titans defeat JKL for first victory]". Monitor. 2022-03-26. Retrieved 2026-10-15.</ref> Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/komakech-enabu-roll-back-the-years-4975306 "Komakech, Enabu roll back the years"]. Monitor. 2025-03-22. Retrieved 2026-10-15.</ref><ref>Kule, Edwin Kyle (2025-03-18). [https://kawowo.com/2025/03/18/city-oilers-confirm-two-additions-ahead-of-2025-nbl-season/ "City Oilers confirm two additions ahead of 2025 NBL Season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-15.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.<ref name=":2" /> == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] akwyxyn3bcrrbizmzfyg1qjvq9pvpel 7374648 7374647 2026-10-26T05:52:55Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374648 wikitext text/x-wiki Edgar Munaba (owazairwe May 1, 1999) n'omuzaani wa basiketi omu [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omutendeki w'amaani omuri City Oilers eya Uganda National Basketball League (NBL).<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/andrew-tendo-city-oilers-will-get-better-4982320 "Andrew Tendo: City Oilers will get better"]. Monitor. 2025-03-28. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-on-course-3765118 "KIU Titans on course"]. Monitor. 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Munaba akaza omu Harding Christian Academy omuri [[Wp/nyn/Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]] ahabw'okushoma kwe okwa Ordinary Level secondary. Akatunga obuhwezi bw'eby'emizaano kuhendera emishomo ye eya Advanced Level aha Seeta High School omuri [[Wp/nyn/Mukono|Mukono]] ahu yaayebembeire tiimu y'eishomero eya basketball omuri 2017 kuhisya 2019.<ref name=":2">Kule, Edwin Kyle (2024-02-13). [https://kawowo.com/2024/02/14/silverbacks-squad-revealed-ahead-of-2025-afrobasket-qualifiers/ "Silverbacks squad revealed ahead of 2025 AfroBasket Qualifiers"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-back-in-business-4730496 "KIU Titans back in business]". Monitor. 2024-08-19. Retrieved 2026-10-12.</ref> Omu 2021, Munaba akaza omu Kampala International University (KIU) kukora diguri ya Bachelor of International Business. Akaza omu puroguraamu ya yunivasite eya basketball (KIU Titans). Akagira ngu omurimo gwe gukareetwa amaani maama we hamwe na Kobe Bryant omuzaani wa basketball Omumerika.<ref name=":1" /> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Munaba akatandika omurimo gwe ogw'amaani omu kiraabu za NBL bwanyima y'okutwarwa omu tiimu ya Kampala International University (KIU Titans) kuruga 2022 kuhisya 2024.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kiu-titans-defeat-jkl-for-first-victory-3761506 "KIU Titans defeat JKL for first victory]". Monitor. 2022-03-26. Retrieved 2026-10-15.</ref> Omu 2025, akaza omu city oilers omu kampiini ya 2026 eya NBL, arikureebeka omu mizaano 32 kandi arikugira obwire bwa dakika 17.1 buri muzaano.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/komakech-enabu-roll-back-the-years-4975306 "Komakech, Enabu roll back the years"]. Monitor. 2025-03-22. Retrieved 2026-10-15.</ref><ref>Kule, Edwin Kyle (2025-03-18). [https://kawowo.com/2025/03/18/city-oilers-confirm-two-additions-ahead-of-2025-nbl-season/ "City Oilers confirm two additions ahead of 2025 NBL Season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 2026-10-15.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu 2024, Munaba akatandika kuzaana omu tiimu y'eihanga. Naajwekyera Uganda omu mpaka z'ekizinga otwariiremu FIBA Afro basketball, hamwe na FIBA basketball World cup Africa.<ref name=":2" /><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/sibande-headlines-silverbacks-roster-ahead-of-world-cup-qualifiers-5361860 "Sibande headlines Silverbacks roster ahead of World Cup Qualifiers"]. Monitor. 2026-02-16. Retrieved 2026-10-15.</ref> == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] m5ggmjndjk8il1maqw9yfw3kmk3fva9 0 3827372 7374652 2026-10-26T06:36:31Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 Created page with "Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.[1][2][3][4] [[Category:Wp/nyn]]" 7374652 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.[1][2][3][4] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] jplly0xb7ic8c5s48xj931ttjcvhe4g 7374653 7374652 2026-10-26T06:37:00Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374653 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.[1][2][3][4] == Amagara g'obuto == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 1oal985wke2ef99wecyqz18w4veqa7p 7374654 7374653 2026-10-26T06:37:27Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374654 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.[1][2][3][4] == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).[4][5] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] pjbqnlny19ys5mteuiu5ti81y2jkjw1 7374655 7374654 2026-10-26T06:37:48Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374655 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.[1][2][3][4] == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).[4][5] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 3hesojobigbenlqcgre1m5q41pdng77 7374656 7374655 2026-10-26T06:38:24Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374656 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.[1][2][3][4] == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).[4][5] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.[6][7] Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] fqkzannd1d7jy913e68nysdnirplg0q 7374657 7374656 2026-10-26T06:38:45Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374657 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.[1][2][3][4] == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).[4][5] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.[6][7] Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] omp2zasqzial1hxh8puke1gszs5m98f 7374658 7374657 2026-10-26T06:40:40Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374658 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.[1][2][3][4] == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).[4][5] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.[6][7] Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.[9][10] Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] d9t52314blobmxy6sbczfhp6pf4bqa6 7374659 7374658 2026-10-26T06:42:05Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374659 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.[1][2][3][4] == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).[4][5] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.[6][7] Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.[9][10] Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] bssz4izio41rw59uaes0o7obowxiatv 7374660 7374659 2026-10-26T06:44:06Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374660 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).[4][5] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.[6][7] Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.[9][10] Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] cqsxt2dcxnvoy3j100s0f38vexwup7s 7374661 7374660 2026-10-26T06:45:56Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374661 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).[4][5] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.[6][7] Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.[9][10] Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] j6u2pqn2s4ug3zwzv53t45790fnw5e0 7374662 7374661 2026-10-26T06:48:42Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374662 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).[4][5] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.[6][7] Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.[9][10] Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] joarrjqaorhnmdzfsl4t6b7pbtmk1ua 7374663 7374662 2026-10-26T06:49:17Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374663 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).[4][5] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.[6][7] Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.[9][10] Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] ejx3w2wmh6wyxuvs333mew2i0bsvbxr 7374664 7374663 2026-10-26T06:51:23Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374664 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.[6][7] Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.[9][10] Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] kngcvqmmn4hu1tku2i92yywuzpyhy0d 7374667 7374664 2026-10-26T06:54:38Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374667 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.[6][7] Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.[9][10] Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] byj8bs5llphnvtpjiagf1heqle8i88w 7374669 7374667 2026-10-26T06:54:51Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374669 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.[6][7] Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.[9][10] Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 8o1q7rmnwt3cqpc6xrhykphzxtk5dhp 7374672 7374669 2026-10-26T06:57:06Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374672 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref name=":1" /><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.[ Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.[9][10] Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 60bk7zd4alurxihyop3a9q97h4wzrf9 7374674 7374672 2026-10-26T06:57:24Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374674 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref name=":1" /><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":2">Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.<ref name=":2" /> Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.[9][10] Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] f5mljlhflasfqxw3epxfmpr9jyx72ef 7374679 7374674 2026-10-26T07:02:21Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374679 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref name=":1" /><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.<ref name=":2">Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (30 July 2019). [https://kawowo.com/2019/07/30/vipers-sports-club-officially-unveils-new-players-prior-to-2019-2020-season/ "Vipers Sports Club unveils new players ahead of the 2019-20 season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.[8] == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.[9][10] Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] o5tcxwg5kygf2l4sv3nwt1jezoi4nh7 7374680 7374679 2026-10-26T07:07:02Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374680 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref name=":1" /><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.<ref name=":2">Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (30 July 2019). [https://kawowo.com/2019/07/30/vipers-sports-club-officially-unveils-new-players-prior-to-2019-2020-season/ "Vipers Sports Club unveils new players ahead of the 2019-20 season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (6 May 2022). [https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/basangwa-hits-hat-trick-as-gaddafi-destroy-tooro-united/ "Basangwa hits hat-trick as Gaddafi destroy Tooro United".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.[9][10] Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 5ejclhrjdxxiqekbe932ia9mixe37mn 7374681 7374680 2026-10-26T07:07:48Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374681 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref name=":1" /><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.<ref name=":2">Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (30 July 2019). [https://kawowo.com/2019/07/30/vipers-sports-club-officially-unveils-new-players-prior-to-2019-2020-season/ "Vipers Sports Club unveils new players ahead of the 2019-20 season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (6 May 2022). [https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/basangwa-hits-hat-trick-as-gaddafi-destroy-tooro-united/ "Basangwa hits hat-trick as Gaddafi destroy Tooro United".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (30 September 2024). [https://kawowo.com/2024/09/30/transfer-roundup-basangwa-to-express-anaku-rejoins-kcca-mutyaba-off-to-france-villa-unveil-mulimi/ "Transfer Roundup: Basangwa to Express, Anaku rejoins KCCA, Mutyaba off to France, Villa unveil Mulimi]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] albthn7v4oo240bssgodapsswps1zme 7374682 7374681 2026-10-26T07:08:19Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374682 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref name=":1" /><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.<ref name=":2">Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (30 July 2019). [https://kawowo.com/2019/07/30/vipers-sports-club-officially-unveils-new-players-prior-to-2019-2020-season/ "Vipers Sports Club unveils new players ahead of the 2019-20 season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (6 May 2022). [https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/basangwa-hits-hat-trick-as-gaddafi-destroy-tooro-united/ "Basangwa hits hat-trick as Gaddafi destroy Tooro United".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (30 September 2024). [https://kawowo.com/2024/09/30/transfer-roundup-basangwa-to-express-anaku-rejoins-kcca-mutyaba-off-to-france-villa-unveil-mulimi/ "Transfer Roundup: Basangwa to Express, Anaku rejoins KCCA, Mutyaba off to France, Villa unveil Mulimi]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/vipers-got-lion-s-share-of-shs2-5b-in-player-sales--4104938 "Vipers got lion's share of Shs2.5b in player sales"]. Monitor. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.[11][12][9] Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 6qwpuyv6lkkk93wmb180143a7hyambt 7374684 7374682 2026-10-26T07:08:58Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374684 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref name=":1" /><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.<ref name=":2">Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (30 July 2019). [https://kawowo.com/2019/07/30/vipers-sports-club-officially-unveils-new-players-prior-to-2019-2020-season/ "Vipers Sports Club unveils new players ahead of the 2019-20 season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (6 May 2022). [https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/basangwa-hits-hat-trick-as-gaddafi-destroy-tooro-united/ "Basangwa hits hat-trick as Gaddafi destroy Tooro United".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (30 September 2024). [https://kawowo.com/2024/09/30/transfer-roundup-basangwa-to-express-anaku-rejoins-kcca-mutyaba-off-to-france-villa-unveil-mulimi/ "Transfer Roundup: Basangwa to Express, Anaku rejoins KCCA, Mutyaba off to France, Villa unveil Mulimi]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/vipers-got-lion-s-share-of-shs2-5b-in-player-sales--4104938 "Vipers got lion's share of Shs2.5b in player sales"]. Monitor. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/cranes-players-promise-to-leave-all-on-the-pitch-4168328 "Cranes players promise to leave all on the pitch"]. Monitor. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref> Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] jfcp5kl3a7y9vry7y535p0oc7ptapqd 7374685 7374684 2026-10-26T07:09:29Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374685 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref name=":1" /><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.<ref name=":2">Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (30 July 2019). [https://kawowo.com/2019/07/30/vipers-sports-club-officially-unveils-new-players-prior-to-2019-2020-season/ "Vipers Sports Club unveils new players ahead of the 2019-20 season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (6 May 2022). [https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/basangwa-hits-hat-trick-as-gaddafi-destroy-tooro-united/ "Basangwa hits hat-trick as Gaddafi destroy Tooro United".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (30 September 2024). [https://kawowo.com/2024/09/30/transfer-roundup-basangwa-to-express-anaku-rejoins-kcca-mutyaba-off-to-france-villa-unveil-mulimi/ "Transfer Roundup: Basangwa to Express, Anaku rejoins KCCA, Mutyaba off to France, Villa unveil Mulimi]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/vipers-got-lion-s-share-of-shs2-5b-in-player-sales--4104938 "Vipers got lion's share of Shs2.5b in player sales"]. Monitor. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/cranes-players-promise-to-leave-all-on-the-pitch-4168328 "Cranes players promise to leave all on the pitch"]. Monitor. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/micho-faces-striking-headache-4355262 "Micho faces striking headache"]. Monitor. 1 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref> Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 6lq1q4zqv39oev10m1czvbkvjxw0vmc 7374686 7374685 2026-10-26T07:09:42Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374686 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref name=":1" /><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.<ref name=":2">Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (30 July 2019). [https://kawowo.com/2019/07/30/vipers-sports-club-officially-unveils-new-players-prior-to-2019-2020-season/ "Vipers Sports Club unveils new players ahead of the 2019-20 season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (6 May 2022). [https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/basangwa-hits-hat-trick-as-gaddafi-destroy-tooro-united/ "Basangwa hits hat-trick as Gaddafi destroy Tooro United".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.<ref name=":3">Kiyonga, Ismael (30 September 2024). [https://kawowo.com/2024/09/30/transfer-roundup-basangwa-to-express-anaku-rejoins-kcca-mutyaba-off-to-france-villa-unveil-mulimi/ "Transfer Roundup: Basangwa to Express, Anaku rejoins KCCA, Mutyaba off to France, Villa unveil Mulimi]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/vipers-got-lion-s-share-of-shs2-5b-in-player-sales--4104938 "Vipers got lion's share of Shs2.5b in player sales"]. Monitor. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/cranes-players-promise-to-leave-all-on-the-pitch-4168328 "Cranes players promise to leave all on the pitch"]. Monitor. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/micho-faces-striking-headache-4355262 "Micho faces striking headache"]. Monitor. 1 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":3" /> Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.[9] Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 3o2dnubync3qzdnvbykjpkqki463ca8 7374687 7374686 2026-10-26T07:10:01Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374687 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref name=":1" /><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.<ref name=":2">Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (30 July 2019). [https://kawowo.com/2019/07/30/vipers-sports-club-officially-unveils-new-players-prior-to-2019-2020-season/ "Vipers Sports Club unveils new players ahead of the 2019-20 season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (6 May 2022). [https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/basangwa-hits-hat-trick-as-gaddafi-destroy-tooro-united/ "Basangwa hits hat-trick as Gaddafi destroy Tooro United".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.<ref name=":3">Kiyonga, Ismael (30 September 2024). [https://kawowo.com/2024/09/30/transfer-roundup-basangwa-to-express-anaku-rejoins-kcca-mutyaba-off-to-france-villa-unveil-mulimi/ "Transfer Roundup: Basangwa to Express, Anaku rejoins KCCA, Mutyaba off to France, Villa unveil Mulimi]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/vipers-got-lion-s-share-of-shs2-5b-in-player-sales--4104938 "Vipers got lion's share of Shs2.5b in player sales"]. Monitor. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/cranes-players-promise-to-leave-all-on-the-pitch-4168328 "Cranes players promise to leave all on the pitch"]. Monitor. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/micho-faces-striking-headache-4355262 "Micho faces striking headache"]. Monitor. 1 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":3" /> Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.<ref name=":3" /> Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.[13] Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] hwyhvlwo56uhoime8vrky8eb7bt116x 7374688 7374687 2026-10-26T07:10:37Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374688 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref name=":1" /><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.<ref name=":2">Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (30 July 2019). [https://kawowo.com/2019/07/30/vipers-sports-club-officially-unveils-new-players-prior-to-2019-2020-season/ "Vipers Sports Club unveils new players ahead of the 2019-20 season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (6 May 2022). [https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/basangwa-hits-hat-trick-as-gaddafi-destroy-tooro-united/ "Basangwa hits hat-trick as Gaddafi destroy Tooro United".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.<ref name=":3">Kiyonga, Ismael (30 September 2024). [https://kawowo.com/2024/09/30/transfer-roundup-basangwa-to-express-anaku-rejoins-kcca-mutyaba-off-to-france-villa-unveil-mulimi/ "Transfer Roundup: Basangwa to Express, Anaku rejoins KCCA, Mutyaba off to France, Villa unveil Mulimi]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/vipers-got-lion-s-share-of-shs2-5b-in-player-sales--4104938 "Vipers got lion's share of Shs2.5b in player sales"]. Monitor. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/cranes-players-promise-to-leave-all-on-the-pitch-4168328 "Cranes players promise to leave all on the pitch"]. Monitor. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/micho-faces-striking-headache-4355262 "Micho faces striking headache"]. Monitor. 1 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":3" /> Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.<ref name=":3" /> Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.<ref>Kule, Edwin Kyle (9 February 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/02/09/express-part-ways-with-four-players/ "Express part ways with four players".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.[14] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] r0uk7ukxzjjhsy9u9msl93k35pfkpr2 7374689 7374688 2026-10-26T07:11:11Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374689 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref name=":1" /><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya Uganda Premier League eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.<ref name=":2">Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (30 July 2019). [https://kawowo.com/2019/07/30/vipers-sports-club-officially-unveils-new-players-prior-to-2019-2020-season/ "Vipers Sports Club unveils new players ahead of the 2019-20 season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (6 May 2022). [https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/basangwa-hits-hat-trick-as-gaddafi-destroy-tooro-united/ "Basangwa hits hat-trick as Gaddafi destroy Tooro United".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.<ref name=":3">Kiyonga, Ismael (30 September 2024). [https://kawowo.com/2024/09/30/transfer-roundup-basangwa-to-express-anaku-rejoins-kcca-mutyaba-off-to-france-villa-unveil-mulimi/ "Transfer Roundup: Basangwa to Express, Anaku rejoins KCCA, Mutyaba off to France, Villa unveil Mulimi]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/vipers-got-lion-s-share-of-shs2-5b-in-player-sales--4104938 "Vipers got lion's share of Shs2.5b in player sales"]. Monitor. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/cranes-players-promise-to-leave-all-on-the-pitch-4168328 "Cranes players promise to leave all on the pitch"]. Monitor. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/micho-faces-striking-headache-4355262 "Micho faces striking headache"]. Monitor. 1 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":3" /> Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.<ref name=":3" /> Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.<ref>Kule, Edwin Kyle (9 February 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/02/09/express-part-ways-with-four-players/ "Express part ways with four players".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/nec-buoyed-by-kcca-heroics-5579020 "Nec buoyed by KCCA heroics"]. Monitor. 1 September 2026. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] jfok9c3zno9fx39eoo8gepxlq9rk3s2 7374690 7374689 2026-10-26T07:11:25Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374690 wikitext text/x-wiki Richard Basangwa (owazairwe 17 Desemba 2001) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omuteebi wa NEC FC hamwe na tiimu y'eihanga eya Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/mugulusi-basangwa-to-gain-mileage-in-cranes-team-for-fufa-super-8-4694720 "Mugulusi, Basangwa to gain mileage in Cranes team for Fufa Super 8"]. Monitor. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/basanga-injury-exposes-loopholes-in-upl-players-safety-procedures--5432472 "Basanga injury exposes loopholes in UPL players' safety procedures".] Monitor. 22 April 2026. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref>Kemigisa, Grace (23 September 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/09/23/everyone-in-camp-uganda-cranes-complete-squad-in-tunisia-ahead-of-afcon-qualifier/ "Everyone in Camp: Uganda Cranes complete squad in Tunisia ahead of AFCON Qualifier".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026</ref> == Amagara g'obuto == Basangwa akazaarwa ebiro 17 Okwaikumi na ibiri 2001 omu irwariro rya Mulago omuri Uganda. Akashoma Namilyango Boys, Seeta High School hamwe na St Mary's secondary school, Kitende. Omu myaka ye y'eishomero, aketaba omu mpaka za Copa Coca-Cola hamwe n'emizaano ya East African Secondary School Games (FEASSA).<ref name=":1" /><ref>Isabirye, David (29 August 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/08/29/basangwa-obuya-inspire-nec-over-kcca-at-lugogo-2026-27-upl/ "Basangwa, Obuya inspire NEC over KCCA at Lugogo | 2026-27 UPL]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 29 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Basangwa akatandika omurimo gwe gw'obunyeeto aha St. Mary's Secondary School Kitende. Akaza omu kiraabu ya [[Wp/nyn/Uganda Premier League|Uganda Premier League]] eya Vipers SC omu kwezi kwa mushanju 2020 kandi yaakora okubanza kwe kw'omupiira gw'ahaiguru omu siizoni ya 2020–21, yaareebeka omu mizaano 12 y'empaka z'omupiira.<ref name=":2">Isabirye, David (19 May 2020). [https://kawowo.com/2020/05/19/masaza-cup-2020-gomba-lions-poach-sharp-shooter-basangwa/ "Masaza Cup 2020: Gomba Lions poach sharpshooter Basangwa"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 24 September 2026.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (30 July 2019). [https://kawowo.com/2019/07/30/vipers-sports-club-officially-unveils-new-players-prior-to-2019-2020-season/ "Vipers Sports Club unveils new players ahead of the 2019-20 season"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Basangwa akasindikwa aha looni omu kiraabu endiijo ey'omupiira gw'ahaiguru Gaddafi FC omu kampiini ya 2021–22, ahu yaakozire emirundi 10 kandi yaateeba goora 3. Endagaano ye eya looni ekabanza yaayongyezibwayo omu siizoni eyakuratsireho.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (6 May 2022). [https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/basangwa-hits-hat-trick-as-gaddafi-destroy-tooro-united/ "Basangwa hits hat-trick as Gaddafi destroy Tooro United".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ensi yoona == Omu kwezi kwaikumi 2022, Basangwa akahindurwa kuruga omu vipers SC yaaza omu kiraabu ya Egyptian Second Division Wadi Degla SC aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu.<ref name=":3">Kiyonga, Ismael (30 September 2024). [https://kawowo.com/2024/09/30/transfer-roundup-basangwa-to-express-anaku-rejoins-kcca-mutyaba-off-to-france-villa-unveil-mulimi/ "Transfer Roundup: Basangwa to Express, Anaku rejoins KCCA, Mutyaba off to France, Villa unveil Mulimi]". Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/vipers-got-lion-s-share-of-shs2-5b-in-player-sales--4104938 "Vipers got lion's share of Shs2.5b in player sales"]. Monitor. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Akazaana aha tiimu eyabaire eri Cairo kuhisya Okwakana 2024, obu endagaano ye yahendera ahabw'okwikirizana kw'abantu boona ahanyima y'obuhuta obutarikuhwaho.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/cranes-players-promise-to-leave-all-on-the-pitch-4168328 "Cranes players promise to leave all on the pitch"]. Monitor. 22 March 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/micho-faces-striking-headache-4355262 "Micho faces striking headache"]. Monitor. 1 September 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2026.</ref><ref name=":3" /> Omu Kwamwenda 2024, Basangwa akagaruka Uganda yaata omukono na Express FC.<ref name=":3" /> Akazaana aha Red Eagles kuhisya Okwakabiri 2026, obu yaaruga omu kiraabu omu kihuumuro ky'omu siizoni hagati.<ref>Kule, Edwin Kyle (9 February 2026). [https://kawowo.com/2026/02/09/express-part-ways-with-four-players/ "Express part ways with four players".] Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> Omu Kwakabiri 2026, ekibiina ekikuru NEC FC kikarangirira omu butongore okutunga Basangwa kuruga omuri Express FC.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/nec-buoyed-by-kcca-heroics-5579020 "Nec buoyed by KCCA heroics"]. Monitor. 1 September 2026. Retrieved 25 September 2026.</ref> == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] d58bfsrr5ieelzguncoeflhmfjt0rdu 0 3827373 7374665 2026-10-26T06:53:03Z Almajidy 2647497 Created page with "{{Wy/ar/بانر|Northern Lights-banner1.jpg|الشفق القطبي}} '''الشفق القطبي الشمالي''' أو '''''الوهج القطبي''''' ظاهرة طبيعية قد تلوّن سماء الليل بألوان ساحرة تبدو وكأنها من عالم آخر. ويحدث أيضًا '''الشفق القطبي الجنوبي''' أو '''''الأورورا أوستراليس'''''، لكنه أقل مشاهدة. يُعد الشفق ظاهرة متكرر..." 7374665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Northern Lights-banner1.jpg|الشفق القطبي}} '''الشفق القطبي الشمالي''' أو '''''الوهج القطبي''''' ظاهرة طبيعية قد تلوّن سماء الليل بألوان ساحرة تبدو وكأنها من عالم آخر. ويحدث أيضًا '''الشفق القطبي الجنوبي''' أو '''''الأورورا أوستراليس'''''، لكنه أقل مشاهدة. يُعد الشفق ظاهرة متكررة بالنسبة إلى سكان خطوط العرض الشمالية القصوى، لكن كثيرًا ممن يعيشون في المناطق المعتدلة لم يروه قط، رغم إمكان ظهوره أحيانًا حتى خط العرض 35 درجة شمالًا. ستساعدك هذه المقالة على زيادة فرص مشاهدة الشفق إذا سافرت شمالًا. [[File:Aurora Borealis I.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق القطبي الشمالي قرب [[Wy/ar/ترومسو|ترومسو]]، [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]]]] ينشأ الشفق نتيجة جسيمات مشحونة تقذفها الشمس. وعندما تصل إلى الأرض، تصطدم بجزيئات الغاز في طبقات الغلاف الجوي العليا، فتمدّها بالطاقة وتُحدث عرضًا ضوئيًا مدهشًا متعدد الألوان. وتتأثر الجسيمات المشحونة بالمجالات المغناطيسية؛ لذلك يظهر الشفق أساسًا عند خطوط العرض الشمالية والجنوبية العالية قرب القطبين المغناطيسيين للأرض. يشبه الشفق إلى حد ما غروب الشمس في سماء الليل، لكنه يظهر أحيانًا على هيئة أقواس أو لوالب تتبع عادة المجال المغناطيسي للأرض. وكثيرًا ما يبدو كستائر متحركة من الضوء معلقة عاليًا في السماء. وأكثر ألوانه شيوعًا الأخضر الفاتح، وغالبًا ما تصاحبه مسحة وردية. وقد تتضمن العروض القوية لونين بنفسجيًا وأبيض. أما الشفق الأحمر فنادر، لكنه يُرصد أحيانًا. يكون الشفق عادة خافتًا نسبيًا، لكنه قد يسطع أحيانًا إلى درجة تسمح بقراءة صحيفة في ليلة بلا قمر. وتتفاوت شدة إضاءته ومدى ابتعاده عن القطبين تبعًا لثلاثة عوامل: وقت السنة، ودورة النشاط الشمسي التي تمتد 11 سنة، والعواصف الشمسية. وستُناقش هذه العوامل بالتفصيل لاحقًا. قد تحجب أضواء المدن الشفق الخافت؛ لذا يُفضَّل رصده في مناطق تبعد 30 كم على الأقل عن المدن. وتكمن الصعوبة في الابتعاد بما يكفي عن أضواء المدن لتحسين الرؤية، وهو أمر يسير عمومًا لأن معظم المناطق الشمالية قليلة السكان، ''دون'' تعريض نفسك لمخاطر غير ضرورية في مناخ قد يكون مميتًا. ==افهم== [[File:Map auroral oval mostly canada.png|thumb|200px|البيضاوي الشفقي الشمالي، 2007]] خلافًا لما قد يبدو بديهيًا، لا تقتصر مشاهدة الشفق الشمالي على التوجه نحو الشمال. فهو يحدث أساسًا ضمن حزام دائري أو بيضاوي يتمركز حول القطب الشمالي ''المغناطيسي'' للأرض، وهو ليس في موضع [[Wy/ar/القطب الشمالي|القطب الشمالي ''الجغرافي'']]. يتغير الموقع الدقيق للقطب الشمالي المغناطيسي. فحتى مطلع هذا القرن كان يتحرك ببطء، نحو 10 كم سنويًا، باتجاه الشمال عبر [[Wy/ar/جزيرة إليسمير|جزيرة إليسمير]] في أقصى شمال [[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]] شبه الخالي من السكان. ومنذ بداية القرن الحادي والعشرين تسارعت حركته لأسباب لم يتأكد العلماء منها بعد. وبحلول أواخر 2019 أصبح في المحيط المتجمد الشمالي شمال جزيرة إليسمير بكثير، متجهًا نحو روسيا بسرعة تقارب 55 كم سنويًا. وبسبب حركته، تقلصت مزايا الوجود في «الجانب الصحيح» من الأرض، وإن بقيت لأمريكا الشمالية أفضلية طفيفة في فرص مشاهدة الشفق. [[File:Aurora australis 20050911.jpg|thumb|200px|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من الفضاء]] لا تكون عروض الشفق في أقوى حالاتها ''عند'' القطب نفسه؛ فحزام النشاط الأشد يبعد عن القطب المغناطيسي بنحو 20 درجة، لأن خطوط القوة المغناطيسية منحنية ويؤدي انحناؤها إلى هذا الانزياح. ويشمل '''البيضاوي الشفقي الشمالي'''، أي المنطقة الأعلى احتمالًا لمشاهدة الشفق، معظم [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]] وشمال [[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]] والنصف الجنوبي من [[Wy/ar/غرينلاند|غرينلاند]] و[[Wy/ar/آيسلندا|آيسلندا]] وشمال [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]] وأقصى شمال [[Wy/ar/السويد|السويد]] و[[Wy/ar/فنلندا|فنلندا]]، إضافة إلى النصف الغربي من شمال روسيا. وهناك حزام بيضاوي مشابه في الجنوب؛ انظر الصورة. تشاهد مناطق مثل وسط [[Wy/ar/بلدان الشمال الأوروبي|بلدان الشمال الأوروبي]] وجنوبها، وجنوب كندا، ووسط شمال [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة]] و[[Wy/ar/اسكتلندا|اسكتلندا]] الشفق الشمالي كثيرًا أيضًا، لكن ليس بقدر المناطق الواقعة مباشرة تحت الحزام الشفقي. ويظهر الشفق في [[Wy/ar/سفالبارد|سفالبارد]] بوتيرة أقل مما هو عليه في شمال إسكندنافيا، لكنها مكان مناسب لرصد الشفق النهاري الأضعف الذي يمكن رؤيته خلال ساعات اليقظة في [[Wy/ar/الليل القطبي|الليل القطبي]] الطويل. ومع ذلك، تتفاوت خطوط العرض التي يظهر عندها الشفق تفاوتًا كبيرًا. ففي فترات النشاط الشمسي المرتفع، قد يُرى في أمريكا الشمالية عند خط عرض 35 درجة شمالًا، أي في جميع أنحاء الولايات المتحدة تقريبًا باستثناء أقصى جنوبها. ويجعل انزياح القطب تأثير العواصف الشمسية في أوروبا أقل قوة نسبيًا، لكن معظم بلدان شمال أوروبا ستشهد عروضًا خلال هذه العواصف. ==التخطيط== لا توجد ضمانة لمشاهدة الشفق حتى في أفضل المواقع والأوقات، وقد تسنح الفرصة في مناطق ومواسم أخرى. لكن قليلًا من التخطيط يزيد احتمالات نجاحك زيادة كبيرة. وباختصار، اختر مكانًا على الحزام الشفقي أو قريبًا جدًا منه، وسافر شتاءً. ===الوقت من السنة=== [[File:AuroraBuryatia.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق في إسكندنافيا]]<!-- ترتبط الصورة بقسم التصوير الفوتوغرافي؛ تحقق من الإشارة إليها إذا غيّرت العنوان أو الملف --> الظلام ضروري للمشاهدة. تقع معظم مناطق الشفق الشمالي على خطوط عرض مرتفعة تشهد [[Wy/ar/شمس منتصف الليل|شمس منتصف الليل]]، فلا يحل الظلام من أواخر أبريل إلى منتصف أغسطس، وربما لفترة أطول في أقصى الشمال مثل [[Wy/ar/سفالبارد|سفالبارد]]. وتشهد الأماكن الواقعة ضمن ثماني درجات عرض جنوب الدائرة القطبية الشمالية، مثل [[Wy/ar/يلونايف|يلونايف]] الكندية، «ليالي بيضاء» لا يفصل فيها بين الغسق والفجر إلا بضع ساعات من الشفق. ولا يمكن مشاهدة الشفق القطبي خلال هذه الفترة. في أكثر مناطق الشفق نشاطًا، الواقعة مباشرة على الحزام البيضاوي، يمكن رصده أحيانًا في أي فصل، لكن الفرص تكون أفضل عندما يحل الظلام بعد السادسة مساءً، من أواخر سبتمبر إلى أواخر مارس. يبلغ الشفق ذروته السنوية تقريبًا عند الاعتدالين في سبتمبر ومارس. ولا تُفهم أسباب هذا النمط بالكامل، لكنه حقيقي وليس مجرد أثر للأحوال الجوية أو ظروف الرؤية. وإذا كنت تنوي ممارسة أنشطة نهارية أخرى، فهذا وقت مناسب للزيارة، إذ يمكنك الاستمتاع باثنتي عشرة ساعة من ضوء النهار مع الاحتفاظ بفرصة جيدة لرؤية الشفق ليلًا. كما تكون درجات الحرارة ألطف من منتصف الشتاء. ===الوقت من اليوم=== الفترة من السادسة مساءً إلى الواحدة صباحًا هي الأكثر نشاطًا، وتبلغ احتمالات الرؤية ذروتها بين العاشرة والحادية عشرة مساءً. لكن هذه قاعدة إرشادية فقط؛ ففي الليل القطبي قد يُشاهد الشفق بدءًا من الرابعة عصرًا وطوال الليل. وتستمر أقوى العروض نحو 5 إلى 15 دقيقة لكل منها. وخلال فترات النشاط الشديد، يمكن توقع بدء التوهجات في أول المساء، وبلوغها الذروة نحو العاشرة ليلًا، واستمرارها حتى الساعات الأولى من الصباح. حتى مع الملابس الجيدة، يصعب على معظم المسافرين تحمل البقاء طويلًا خارجًا في ليلة قطبية، إذ تزداد البرودة عادة من الغروب حتى تبدأ شمس الصباح بتدفئة الجو. وحتى لو ظهر الشفق في أول المساء، فقد يكون من الأفضل الخروج نحو التاسعة مساءً بالتوقيت الشمسي، مع مراعاة منطقتك الزمنية؛ فذلك يمنحك فرصة جيدة لرؤية ذروة العرض دون البقاء طويلًا في الخارج أو التعرض لأبرد ساعات الليل. ===دورة السنوات الإحدى عشرة=== ترتبط عروض الشفق على المدى الطويل بدورة تمتد 11 عامًا في نشاط البقع الشمسية والاضطرابات الشمسية الأخرى؛ فكلما زاد اضطراب الشمس، زادت عروض الشفق. ومع ذلك، تظل رؤيته مرجحة عند خطوط العرض الأكثر ملاءمة حتى في الحد الأدنى للنشاط الشمسي؛ إذ يندر أساسًا عند خطوط العرض المنخفضة خلال فترات الخمول. وتوجد ذروة في النشاط الشمسي نحو عام 2024. ===العواصف الشمسية=== إضافة إلى التغيرات شبه المنتظمة في تواتر الشفق، توجد عروض غير متوقعة وغير منتظمة تنجم عن '''العواصف الشمسية'''. وقد يؤدي بعضها، ولا سيما قرب ذروة النشاط الشمسي، إلى رؤية الشفق شماليًا في مناطق بعيدة إلى الجنوب على نحو لافت، بشرط صفاء سماء الليل. ووقعت أكبر عاصفة شمسية مسجلة عام 1859، وكان الشفق ساطعًا بما يكفي لقراءة صحيفة في [[Wy/ar/بوسطن|بوسطن]] (42° شمالًا)، وشوهد حتى المكسيك جنوبًا. وكانت العاصفة قوية إلى حد أن أجهزة التلغراف عملت دون مصدر طاقتها المعتاد، واشتعلت النيران في بعضها. ومن المرجح أن تتسبب عاصفة مماثلة بأضرار جسيمة لمعظم الأجهزة الإلكترونية. سيساعدك قسم [[Wy/ar/#التنبيهات|التنبيهات]] أدناه على متابعة النشاط الشمسي والاستعداد للمشاهدة عند حدوث عاصفة شمسية. ===صفاء السماء=== أخيرًا، لا تنسَ '''توقعات الطقس'''؛ فالشفق يحدث في طبقات عالية جدًا من الغلاف الجوي، وإذا اعترضته السحب فلن ترى شيئًا. وفي شمال إسكندنافيا، يكون الطقس أفضل بوضوح قرب نهاية موسم الشفق (فبراير ومارس) منه في بدايته. ولعل الطقس أهم عامل للنجاح في المناطق الواقعة تحت الحزام الشفقي، حيث يمكن رؤية الشفق في ما يصل إلى 80% من الليالي الصافية. ==استعد== ===التنبيهات=== إذا كنت قادرًا على السفر إلى مناطق مشاهدة الشفق في مهلة قصيرة، فيمكنك زيادة فرصتك بمتابعة «طقس الفضاء»، أي الظواهر التي تحدث خارج الغلاف الجوي للأرض نتيجة النشاط الشمسي. [[File:Aurora australis ISS 20120715.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من محطة الفضاء الدولية، ويظهر الذراع الروبوتية الكندية في المقدمة]] يوفر موقع [http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ الإدارة الوطنية الأمريكية للمحيطات والغلاف الجوي] (NOAA) معلومات جيدة عن طقس الفضاء. وتُستخدم قياسات أقمارها التشغيلية البيئية ذات المدار القطبي لرسم خرائط لامتداد الحزام الشفقي الحالي وموقعه حول القطبين؛ انظر [https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/aurora-30-minute-forecast توقعاتها] التي تتنبأ بشدة الشفق وموقعه الجغرافي بالاعتماد على ظروف الرياح الشمسية والمجال المغناطيسي بين الكواكب بصورة شبه فورية. وتُظهر الخرائط أيضًا حدود مناطق الرؤية الحالية. ويقدم الموقع التجاري [http://www.spaceweather.com/ سبيس ويذر] كثيرًا من المعلومات نفسها بصورة مختصرة وأسهل فهمًا. تدير جامعة ألاسكا في فيربانكس موقع [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/AuroraForecast تنبيهات الشفق]. وبالنسبة إلى فنلندا، يقدم معهد الأرصاد الجوية الفنلندي [http://aurorasnow.fmi.fi/public_service/ توقعات النشاط] وبيانات حالية عن النشاط المغناطيسي. ويقدم مكتب الأرصاد الجوية الآيسلندي [http://en.vedur.is/weather/forecasts/aurora/ توقعات الشفق] في آيسلندا، بما في ذلك توقعات الغطاء السحابي. تُستمد التوقعات أساسًا من قراءات قمري ناسا «مستكشف التركيب المتقدم» (ACE) و«مرصد مناخ الفضاء العميق» (DSCOVR)، اللذين يقدمان إنذارًا مبكرًا بنحو ساعة. ويُوصف نشاط الرياح الشمسية بثلاثة مقاييس رئيسية: المركبة الشمالية-الجنوبية للمجال المغناطيسي (Bz)، والسرعة، والكثافة. وعندما تكون قيمة Bz سالبة، أي باتجاه الجنوب، تتمكن جسيمات الرياح الشمسية من دخول الغلاف الجوي بسهولة أكبر وإحداث الشفق. وقد يحدث نشاط شفقي عند السرعات العالية حتى لو كانت قيمة Bz سالبة باعتدال. وخلال العواصف الجيومغناطيسية تتقلب Bz سريعًا. ويُعبَّر عن النشاط الجيومغناطيسي العام بمؤشر K الكوكبي (Kp)، الذي تصدر له توقعات. وتشير قيمة Kp البالغة 5 أو أكثر إلى عواصف تجعل رؤية الشفق ممكنة عادة إلى الجنوب من الحزام البيضاوي، في شمال أوروبا والأجزاء الشمالية من [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة القارية]]. يمكن إعداد تقديرات أطول أمدًا بمراقبة الانفجارات على الشمس. لكن النماذج الفيزيائية لا تزال محدودة التطور، ويعود ذلك جزئيًا إلى أن القمرين ACE وDSCOVR وحدهما يراقبان الرياح الشمسية قبل وصولها إلى الأرض، لذا لا تتمتع التوقعات بموثوقية عالية. ويمكن التنبؤ باليوم التقريبي، لكن يظل غير معروف ما إذا كانت الدفقة ستصطدم بالأرض مباشرة، ومتى ستصل بالضبط، وبأي قوة. وتُجرى «التوقعات الآنية» على الأرض بقياس تقلبات المجال المغناطيسي، كما توجد كاميرات ويب موجهة نحو السماء لرؤية الشفق مباشرة. وتقيس أقمار ناسا القطبية والبيئية (POES) امتداد الحزام الشفقي مباشرة، لكنها تمر فوق القطب نحو 14 مرة يوميًا، ولذلك قد تكون الصور قديمة ببضع ساعات. إذا نشأت عاصفة شمسية كبيرة يُتوقع أن تنتج عنها أضواء شمالية أو جنوبية، فستكون مهلة الاستجابة من ساعات إلى بضعة أيام، لا دقائق ولا أسابيع. فالجسيمات المسببة للشفق تتحرك أبطأ بكثير من الضوء، لذا يمكن رصد العاصفة قبل وصول جسيماتها إلى الأرض بوقت، لكن الفارق ليس كبيرًا جدًا. وتتضمن التوقعات عادة إشارة إلى مدى امتداد النشاط بعيدًا عن القطبين المغناطيسيين. ولأغراض التخطيط للسفر، يُستحسن التحفظ واختيار مكان أقرب قليلًا إلى القطب من أقصى امتداد متوقع للشفق؛ فالتوقعات لا تصيب دائمًا، وقد يكون الشفق ضعيفًا نسبيًا أو محصورًا قرب الأفق الشمالي إذا كنت عند الحافة الجنوبية لمنطقة النشاط، مما قد يصعّب رؤيته بسبب التلوث الضوئي. ===الملابس=== [[File:Størmer and Birkeland Alta 1910.jpg|thumb|400px|مصورون يتجمدون من البرد، النرويج، 1910]] لأن الشفق يُرى عادة ليلًا في الأشهر الأبرد، يمضي المراقبون ساعات طويلة في الظلام والبرد. ومن الضروري ارتداء ملابس مناسبة لتخفيف الجانب المزعج من التجربة، ويكاد يكون من المستحيل أن ترتدي ملابس دافئة أكثر من اللازم. تتوفر الملابس الشتوية على نطاق واسع في أي منطقة تشهد شتاءً قاسيًا، لكن المتاجر المتخصصة التي تخدم [[Wy/ar/التزلج|المتزلجين]] و[[Wy/ar/تسلق الجبال|متسلقي الجبال]] و[[Wy/ar/الترحال بحقيبة الظهر في البرية|المتنزهين في البرية]] تقدم عادة أفضل الخيارات. وفي المناطق الأبعد جنوبًا قد تكون هذه المتاجر المكان الوحيد للحصول على تجهيزات الشتاء. في المناطق الشمالية النائية التي يجب نقل الطعام والوقود والمعدات إليها، ''قد تكون أسعار كل شيء تقريبًا مرتفعة جدًا''. وتميل المدن الشمالية الكبرى إلى تقديم أسعار أفضل من المناطق المعزولة، وإن بقيت أعلى من الأسعار في الجنوب. وينبغي لمعظم المسافرين شراء كثير من معداتهم قبل الانطلاق، مما يتيح وقتًا أطول للتسوق ويوفر المال ويجنب الوصول بملابس صيفية عندما يكون الجو شديد البرودة. قد يحتاج بعض المسافرين إلى التوقف للتسوق في مدينة إضافية؛ فمن يسافر مثلًا من ميامي، حيث يصعب العثور على تجهيزات شتوية جيدة، لرؤية الشفق في [[Wy/ar/تشرشل|تشرشل]]، حيث تكون المعدات مرتفعة الثمن والخيارات محدودة، يمكنه التوقف في [[Wy/ar/شيكاغو|شيكاغو]] أو [[Wy/ar/تورونتو|تورونتو]] أو [[Wy/ar/وينيبيغ|وينيبيغ]] لشراء ما يحتاج إليه. للحصول على معلومات محددة عن الملابس الشتوية، انظر [[Wy/ar/الطقس البارد#الملابس|الطقس البارد]]. وتذكر أنك ستحتاج إلى استخدام أصابعك، لذا قد يفيد الجمع بين القفازات العادية والقفازات ذات الأصابع المجمعة. ===التصوير الفوتوغرافي=== التقاط صور جيدة للشفق الشمالي '''صعب جدًا'''، لأنه سريع الحركة وغالبًا خافت ويظهر أمام خلفية حالكة الظلام، وهي ظروف تربك الكاميرات المدمجة العادية. ويمكن تقريبًا لأي [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة|كاميرا بعدسات قابلة للتبديل]] إنجاز المهمة إذا زُوّدت بعدسة مناسبة، لكن العدسة الأساسية التي تُباع معها عادة لن تكون سريعة بما يكفي، وربما لن تكون واسعة الزاوية بما يكفي أيضًا. {{Wy/ar/Infobox|الأطوال البؤرية للعدسات|عند الحديث عن الطول البؤري، نفترض استخدام كاميرا فيلم 35 مم أو كاميرا رقمية ذات مستشعر كامل الإطار. وتختلف الأرقام الفعلية في الكاميرات الأخرى، لكن يُشار غالبًا إلى «المكافئ لتنسيق 35 مم».}} غالبًا ما يلزم تعريض ضوئي طويل لتصوير الشفق الخافت. وإليك ما تحتاج إليه لتحظى بفرصة جيدة: * كاميرا تدعم '''التحكم اليدوي في التعريض''' (من 5 إلى 40 ثانية). * '''عدسة سريعة''' بفتحة f/2.8 أو أوسع. وتُستخدم عادة [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة#العدسات واسعة الزاوية|عدسة واسعة الزاوية]] لتغطية مساحة كبيرة من السماء. * '''فيلم عالي الحساسية''' (800 ASA أو أكثر)، أو إعداد ISO مكافئ في الكاميرا الرقمية. * '''حامل ثلاثي''' لتثبيت الكاميرا أثناء التعريض الطويل. * '''سلك تحرير الغالق أو مؤقت ذاتي''' لالتقاط الصور دون تحريك الكاميرا. : والأفضل من ذلك أن بعض الكاميرات تدعم '''التحكم عن بعد'''. ويمكن التحكم في بعض الكاميرات لاسلكيًا بواسطة '''هاتف ذكي'''، لكن القليل من الهواتف مصمم لتحمل تلك الظروف. * '''التركيز اليدوي'''. لا يُنصح بضبط العدسة على اللانهاية فحسب، بل الأفضل توجيهها نحو القمر أو نجم ساطع، ويفضل باستخدام وضع العرض المباشر وأقصى تكبير. * '''بطاريات وبطاقات ذاكرة احتياطية''' متعددة؛ فوجودها وحده يضمن أنك لن تحتاج إليها! احتفظ بالبطاريات الاحتياطية دافئة. * ما لا تحتاج إليه هو '''مرشح العدسة'''؛ فقد يسبب انعكاسات غير مرغوبة، لذا من الأفضل نزعه. [[File:Aurora shapes.jpg|thumb|405x405px|صور بكاميرا Canon EOS 400D، حساسية ISO 1600، فتحة f/2.8، تعريض 4–30 ثانية، وعدسة 17 مم (تعادل 24 مم على الإطار الكامل).]] يُستحسن التصوير بالكاميرا الرقمية بصيغة RAW، أو على الأقل JPG + RAW؛ فإذا حدث خلل أثناء التصوير، ستكون لديك مرونة أكبر في تصحيحه خلال المعالجة اللاحقة. تجنب التنفس على العدسة أو معين المنظر أو الشاشة كي لا يتكون الصقيع عليها. وقد يفيد مصباح يدوي أو مصباح رأس عند إعداد الكاميرا والحامل الثلاثي، كما يفيد الهاتف الذكي في تلقي التنبيهات والتوقعات. لكن ينبغي أن تعتاد عيناك الظلام، لذا قلل استخدام هذه الأجهزة واضبط شاشتي الهاتف والكاميرا على أدنى مستوى سطوع. الموقع المثالي خالٍ من التلوث الضوئي، ويوفر بعض الحماية من الرياح، ويسهل الوصول إليه. ففي ليلة قطبية باردة، لن ترغب بالتأكيد في حمل الكاميرا والحامل لمسافة طويلة أو الانتظار في الرياح لالتقاط الصورة المناسبة. كما أن الرياح تهز الكاميرا، مما يسبب مشكلة عند التعريض الطويل. ويساعد حامل أكبر وأكثر ثباتًا، لكنه أصعب حملًا. وإن أمكن، استكشف المكان نهارًا لتصل مباشرة إلى موقع جيد ليلًا. وقد لا تجد مكانًا مثاليًا، لكن حتى الموقع المقبول قد يعطي صورًا أفضل مع قدر أقل من المشقة. حاول أيضًا تضمين عنصر مثير للاهتمام في مقدمة الصورة؛ فـ[[Wy/ar/#أوروبا|الصورة النرويجية أدناه]] مثال جيد. وقد تبدو صورة السماء والثلج وحدهما مملة بعض الشيء حتى لو كان الشفق رائعًا. يمكن استخدام عدسة زوم متغيرة الطول البؤري أو عدسة ثابتة الطول البؤري؛ ولكل منهما مزايا. فعدسات الزوم أكثر مرونة، إذ تتيح تعديل الإطار سريعًا وفق حجم عرض الشفق. أما العدسات الثابتة فعادة أسرع بكثير وأخف وزنًا وأصغر حجمًا، وغالبًا ما تعطي صورة أشد حدة من عدسة زوم عند الطول البؤري نفسه. [[File:Aurora borealis over Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق القطبي الشمالي في [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]]]<!-- تُذكر الصورة في النص؛ تحقق من الإشارة إذا نقلتها أو استبدلتها --> تُعد [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة#العدسات واسعة الزاوية|العدسات واسعة الزاوية]] الخيار الأكثر شيوعًا لتصوير الشفق. وهي تسبب بعض التشوه، وقد تنتج في الحالات القصوى صور «عين السمكة». التُقطت الصورة على اليمين بعدسة 16 مم؛ فيبدو الأفق منحنيًا والأشجار في المقدمة مائلة قليلًا عن الوضع الرأسي، لكن بعض المشاهدين قد لا يلاحظون التشوه، وقليلون سيجدونه مزعجًا. واستُخدمت في [[Wy/ar/#الوقت من السنة|الصورة الإسكندنافية أعلاه]] عدسة أوسع زوايةً، فتظهر تشوهات أكثر. وتقلل عدسة أطول قليلًا، ربما 24 مم، التشوه لكنها تغطي مساحة أقل من السماء. وهنا تتميز عدسات الزوم على العدسات الثابتة؛ فبعدسة زوم 16–35 مم مثلًا يمكنك تعديل كل لقطة لتحقيق أفضل توازن بين التشوه والتغطية. وفي ظروف أخرى قد تحمل عدة عدسات ثابتة وتبدلها، لكن ذلك غير عملي إلى حد كبير في ليلة قطبية. تتيح العدسة الأسرع أو إعداد ISO المرتفع تقليل زمن التعريض، وهذا مفيد. فقد استُخدمت في الصورة على اليمين عدسة F2.8 وتعريض مدته 25 ثانية. ولو كانت العدسة F4 لاحتاجت إلى 50 ثانية، أي عند الحد الأعلى للتصوير العملي أو بعده. أما عدسة F1.4 فتقلل الزمن إلى نحو ست ثوانٍ، ومن المرجح أن تنتج صورة أوضح لأن الشفق يتحرك مسافة أقل خلال التعريض، وتمنح تحكمًا أفضل باللقطة؛ فإذا ضغطت الغالق عندما يبدو المشهد مثيرًا، فمن الأرجح أن يظل كذلك بضع ثوانٍ بدلًا من فترة أطول. وهنا تتميز العدسات الثابتة لأنها غالبًا أسرع بكثير من عدسات الزوم. وإذا جمعت بين عدسة سريعة وكاميرا تسمح بإعدادات ISO عالية، فقد تتمكن من خفض زمن التعريض إلى أقل من ثانية، لكن ذلك لا يضمن صورة أفضل. فإعدادات ISO العالية تزيد التشويش في الصورة، وقد تخسر بسبب ذلك أكثر مما تكسبه من تقصير التعريض. العدسات الواسعة السريعة باهظة الثمن. ففي منتصف 2013، عند مراجعة عدسات كانون كاملة الإطار لدى بائع أمريكي، كانت أرخص العدسات التي قد تصلح لتصوير الشفق عدسة 40 مم F2.8 بنحو 150 دولارًا أو 35 مم F2.0 بنحو 300 دولار؛ وهي ليست واسعة بما يكفي لتكون مثالية، لكنها قابلة للاستخدام، وما هو أفضل منها أغلى ثمنًا. ومن الخيارات المعتادة لمن يملك مجموعة عدسات جيدة أو ميزانية مناسبة: 20 أو 24 مم F2.8، أو 28 مم F1.8، أو زوم 17–40 مم F4، بأسعار تتراوح بين 450 و750 دولارًا. وقد تكون العدسة المثالية ثابتة 24 مم F1.4 أو زوم 16–35 مم F2.8، لكنهما من المنتجات الراقية الموجهة أساسًا للمحترفين، وسعر كل منهما نحو 1500 دولار. وتعد عدسة فائقة الاتساع 14 مم F2.8 خيارًا ممتازًا؛ وبينما يزيد سعر النسخ ذات التركيز التلقائي على 2000 دولار، تتوفر نسخ ذات تركيز يدوي بسعر أقل بكثير. وللعلامات التجارية الأخرى منتجات وأسعار مختلفة، لكن النمط العام مشابه. كما تصنع شركات غير مصنّعي الكاميرات عدسات، مع استمرار النمط نفسه. انظر [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر|تصوير السفر]] لمزيد من المعلومات العامة. ==المواقع== [[File:Rovaniemi - Aurora Borealis.jpg|thumb|الشفق في [[Wy/ar/روفانييمي|روفانييمي]]، [[Wy/ar/فنلندا|فنلندا]]]] يتكون الشفق الشمالي عادة على ارتفاع نحو 100 كم (60 ميلًا) فوق سطح الأرض. ومن حيث المبدأ، تُعد جميع المناطق الواقعة تحت الحزام الشفقي مواقع جيدة للرصد، لكن معظمها ناءٍ وصعب الوصول ويتسم بظروف مناخية قاسية. عند اختيار موقع للمشاهدة: * إذا كنت تستخدم سيارة، فابقَ قريبًا منها. فمدفأة السيارة العادية لا تستطيع في الواقع إبقاء مركبة معدنية كبيرة دافئة عندما تنخفض الحرارة الخارجية كثيرًا دون الصفر، لكنها أفضل من لا شيء، كما توفر السيارة مأوى من الرياح. وفي البرد الشديد جدًا، اترك المحرك يعمل حتى عندما تبتعد عن السيارة، فقد يصعب تشغيله مجددًا. * حاول العثور على مكان إقامة في منطقة معروفة بملاءمتها لمشاهدة الشفق، مثل كوخ أو ملجأ في البرية أو خيمة مدفأة أو مأوى مشابه. فهذا يجنبك القيادة لمسافات طويلة في وقت متأخر من الليل للوصول إلى موقع الرصد والعودة منه. * تجنب التلوث الضوئي وابتعد عن المناطق المأهولة. وإذا تعذر ذلك، فحاول على الأقل أن يكون الأفق الشمالي خاليًا من الأضواء. * تجنب المنحدرات الجبلية الشديدة أو غيرها من العوائق الكبيرة جهة الشمال. فكر في إحضار خيمة أو حاجز رياح متنقل لتوفير بعض الحماية من الرياح، وكذلك قوارير حرارية لحفظ المشروبات الساخنة. قد يكون الاستعانة بمرشد محلي أو الاشتراك في جولة منظمة لمشاهدة الشفق أو تصويره أمرًا يستحق التكلفة. فمعرفة المرشد المحلية تساعد في التعامل مع الطقس، والعثور على المواقع الجيدة، واختيار المسارات المناسبة، وتجنب اللقاءات القريبة مع [[Wy/ar/الحياة البرية الخطرة|الحيوانات البرية الخطرة]] مثل الدببة القطبية وثيران المسك. كما تمتلك شركات الجولات مركبات ومعدات ملائمة للظروف. وقد يتعذر استئجار مركبة أو إحضار مركبتك الخاصة في المناطق النائية، وحتى إن أمكن ذلك فلا يُنصح به ما لم يكن السائق والمركبة مستعدين جيدًا لـ[[Wy/ar/القيادة الشتوية|القيادة الشتوية]]. وتوفر بعض الجولات وسائل نقل غير مألوفة مثل عربات الثلج الآلية أو الزلاجات التي تجرها الكلاب أو الرنة أو الخيول؛ ولا يستطيع إلا قليل من السياح قيادة هذه الوسائل بأمان، ومن غير المرجح أن يسمح أصحاب الحيوانات القيّمة للزوار بقيادتها دون إشراف. توفر مواقع عديدة نوعًا من البنية السياحية، كالجولات ونقاط المراقبة وغيرها. وفيما يلي بعض أبرز المواقع مرتبة تقريبًا من الغرب إلى الشرق: ===أمريكا الشمالية=== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الشتاء في أمريكا الشمالية}} [[File:Flickr - DVIDSHUB - Alaska Aurora Borealis (Image 1 of 2).jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق في [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]]] * [[Wy/ar/فيربانكس|فيربانكس]]، ألاسكا: تشتهر بمشاهدة الشفق، وتضم جولات ومواقع كثيرة لخدمة المهتمين به. * [[Wy/ar/يلونايف|يلونايف]]، في الأقاليم الشمالية الغربية بكندا، وتتوفر فيها جولات عديدة أيضًا. * [[Wy/ar/تشرشل|تشرشل]]، على خليج هدسون في مانيتوبا، تقع في قلب الحزام الشفقي مباشرة، وتتيح فرصة مشاهدة أعداد كبيرة من الدببة القطبية خلال الرحلة نفسها. * [[Wy/ar/منتزه جزيرة رويال الوطني|منتزه جزيرة رويال الوطني]]، في شمال ميشيغان، منتزه يتبع مبدأ عدم ترك أثر، ولا يقدم جولات وتوجد فيه مرافق قليلة. وهو من أفضل الأماكن في الولايات الأمريكية المتجاورة الثماني والأربعين لرؤية الشفق، لبعده شمالًا وغياب التلوث الضوئي. ===جزر شمال الأطلسي=== * [[Wy/ar/كانغيرلوسواك|كانغيرلوسواك]]، غرينلاند: فرصة مشاهدة الشفق فيها مرتفعة جدًا من نوفمبر إلى مارس. وإذا رغبت في ركوب زلاجات الكلاب أو عربات الثلج الآلية، فيُفضل منتصف الشتاء إلى أواخره. * [[Wy/ar/ميفاتن|ميفاتن]]، آيسلندا: تتيح تجربة فريدة لمشاهدة الشفق أثناء الاسترخاء في حمام حراري أرضي طبيعي. وتُعد العاصمة [[Wy/ar/ريكيافيك|ريكيافيك]] قاعدة لكثير من الجولات. * [[Wy/ar/بيرنيراي|بيرنيراي]]، هبريدس الخارجية: توفر هذه الجزيرة الاسكتلندية النائية ظروفًا مناسبة لرصد الشفق الشمالي بسبب انخفاض التلوث الضوئي. ===أوروبا=== [[File:Aurora over Haja-3,2.jpg|thumb|قرب ترومسو، النرويج]]<!-- ترتبط الصورة بقسم التصوير؛ تحقق من الإشارة إليها عند تغيير العنوان أو الملف --> {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الشتاء في بلدان الشمال الأوروبي}} * [[Wy/ar/أبيسكو|أبيسكو]]، شمال السويد: وجهة شهيرة يمكن مشاهدة الشفق فيها من محطة «أورورا سكاي» أعلى جبل نووليا. * [[Wy/ar/ترومسو|ترومسو]]، شمال النرويج: يسهل الوصول إليها، وطقسها معتدل نسبيًا وتضم رحلات عديدة. لكن موقعها الساحلي يجعلها عرضة للغيوم. وتتمتع [[Wy/ar/سكيبوتن|سكيبوتن]] القريبة بمناخ أكثر جفافًا، بل شديد الجفاف بالنسبة للنرويج، مما يحسن فرص الرؤية. وتقع [[Wy/ar/سينيا|سينيا]] أيضًا في الجوار. * [[Wy/ar/ألتا|ألتا]]، في النرويج إلى الشمال الشرقي، والمعروفة بنقوشها الصخرية من عصور ما قبل التاريخ، تُسوَّق أيضًا بوصفها مكانًا لمشاهدة الشفق. وهي موطن أول مرصد للشفق الشمالي، الذي ارتبط برواد مثل كريستيان بيركلاند وأوله أندرياس كروغنيس وسيم سيلاند. ويقع [https://www.halde.no/ مرصد هالده وتالفيكتوبن] على ارتفاع 914 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر شمال غرب ألتا. * [[Wy/ar/يوكاسيارفي|يوكاسيارفي]]، شمال السويد: موقع فندق الجليد الأصلي، وتتوفر فيه بنية ممتازة لمشاهدة الشفق. * [[Wy/ar/كيلبيسيارفي|كيلبيسيارفي]] و[[Wy/ar/إيناري|إيناري]] و[[Wy/ar/أوتسيوكي|أوتسيوكي]] في لابلاند الفنلندية، وتتميز جميعها بطقس جاف نسبيًا وقليل من التلوث الضوئي.<!-- نيليم قرية أخرى بعيدة عن التلوث الضوئي؛ أضفها عند إنشاء مقالة عنها. --> وتوفر منتجعات التزلج [[Wy/ar/ساريسيلكا|ساريسيلكا]] في إيناري و[[Wy/ar/ليفي|ليفي]] في كيتيلا إقامة في أكواخ زجاجية شبيهة بالإيغلو صُممت خصيصًا للاستمتاع بالشفق. * شبه جزيرة كولا في [[Wy/ar/مقاطعة مورمانسك|مقاطعة مورمانسك]]، وهي أشهر مواقع المشاهدة في روسيا. تنخفض احتمالات رؤية الشفق سريعًا كلما اتجهت جنوبًا. ففي [[Wy/ar/هلسنكي|هلسنكي]]، يظهر الشفق نحو مرة واحدة شهريًا، وغالبًا ما تحجبه أضواء المدينة أو السحب. وقد تكون العروض التي تُرى بعيدًا عن الحزام الشفقي أقل سطوعًا وألوانًا بكثير. ===السفن السياحية=== من الطرق الفاخرة لرؤية الشفق القيام برحلة على متن [[Wy/ar/سفينة سياحية|سفينة سياحية]] بمحاذاة ساحل [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]] أو [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]، أو باتجاه [[Wy/ar/القارة القطبية الجنوبية|القارة القطبية الجنوبية]] لرؤية الشفق الجنوبي في الموسم المناسب. وتكون الرحلات البحرية باهظة عادة، لكن تكلفتها قد تكون معقولة مقارنة بالسفر جوًا إلى موقع جيد على اليابسة ودفع تكاليف الإقامة والجولات هناك. كما أن مشاهدة الشفق بمجرد الخروج إلى سطح السفينة بعد العشاء أسهل كثيرًا من الذهاب بالسيارة للوقوف في الثلج، واحتمال مواجهة حيوانات برية خطرة أقل. لكن توجد صعوبات؛ فلا تعمل جميع شركات الرحلات البحرية شتاءً، كما أن التقاط صور جيدة من سفينة متحركة ''بالغ الصعوبة'' عندما يحتاج الموضوع إلى تعريضات طويلة، كما هو الحال غالبًا مع الشفق. وإذا لم تكن الرحلة مخصصة لمشاهدة الشفق، فقد يكون التلوث الضوئي الصادر عن السفينة نفسها مشكلة. ===أثناء الطيران=== يحظى كثير من المسافرين في خطوط العرض الشمالية بمشهد للشفق من الجو. وربما ليس من الواقعي ''التخطيط'' لرؤيته من الطائرة، لكن إذا كنت تسافر كثيرًا في أقصى الشمال، ففكر في اختيار مقعد بجوار النافذة على الجانب الشمالي من الطائرة. وإذا كان العرض رائعًا بما يكفي، فعادة ما يعلن عنه قائد الطائرة. وإذا ظننت أن الرحلات البحرية باهظة الثمن، فلن ترغب غالبًا في الصعود إلى '''[[Wy/ar/الفضاء|الفضاء]]'''؛ فرحلة مدارية بتكلفة نحو 35 مليون دولار للشخص تكاد تضمن رؤية الشفق الشمالي والجنوبي معًا دون أي تداخل ضوئي، ومن منظور مذهل! ==الشفق ''الجنوبي''== [[File:Aurora Australis Over the Tasman Sea from SouthWest National Park.jpg|thumb|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من شاطئ نيو هاربور النائي في منتزه الجنوب الغربي الوطني بتسمانيا]] يحدث الشفق في حزام بيضاوي حول القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي كما يحدث حول القطب الشمالي، وينزاح القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي بدوره عن [[Wy/ar/القطب الجنوبي|القطب الجنوبي]] الجغرافي. ويستفيد الراغبون في مشاهدة '''الشفق الجنوبي''' أو '''''الأورورا أوستراليس''''' من مصادفة سعيدة، وهي أن انزياح القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي يكون عمومًا باتجاه [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]]، رغم أن القطب نفسه لا يزال في [[Wy/ar/القارة القطبية الجنوبية|القارة القطبية الجنوبية]] مثل القطب الجغرافي. ولذلك تحصل المناطق الجنوبية من أستراليا و[[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] على عروض شفقيّة أكثر مما يُتوقع من خطوط عرضها. وتُعد [[Wy/ar/تسمانيا|تسمانيا]] و[[Wy/ar/الجزيرة الجنوبية|الجزيرة الجنوبية]] في نيوزيلندا على وجه الخصوص مكانين يمكن رؤية الشفق فيهما مرات عدة سنويًا. وإذا كانت الظروف ملائمة، فإن [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]] و[[Wy/ar/إنفركارغيل|إنفركارغيل]] تقدمان أفضل الفرص في أماكن يسهل الوصول إليها من داخل أستراليا ونيوزيلندا. ورغم أن خط العرض الجغرافي لمدينة [[Wy/ar/كرايستشيرش|كرايستشيرش]] يقع جنوب [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]]، فإن «خط عرضها الجيومغناطيسي» يقع إلى الشمال أكثر، ولذلك لا تزيد احتمالات ظهور الشفق فيها على احتمالات ظهوره في جنوب [[Wy/ar/فيكتوريا (ولاية)|فيكتوريا]]. تحقق من طقس الفضاء أثناء سفرك. [[File:AuroraAustralisDisplay.jpg|thumb|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من [[Wy/ar/ويلينغتون|ويلينغتون]]، [[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]]]] تقع جميع هذه المواقع خارج الحزام الشفقي نفسه، ولذلك ليست فرص مشاهدة الشفق خلال زيارتك إليها مرتفعة. وبسبب ميل الحزام نحو نصف الكرة الشرقي، لا يُعقل توقع رؤيته من [[Wy/ar/باتاغونيا|باتاغونيا]]، كما أن رؤيته حتى من [[Wy/ar/شبه الجزيرة القطبية الجنوبية|شبه الجزيرة القطبية الجنوبية]] ليست مرجحة كثيرًا. وأفضل مكان لرصده هو [[Wy/ar/بحر روس|بحر روس]] في القارة القطبية الجنوبية، عبر [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ماكواري|جزيرة ماكواري]] الأسترالية أو [[Wy/ar/جزر نيوزيلندا شبه القطبية الجنوبية|جزر نيوزيلندا شبه القطبية الجنوبية]]. وتكون المشاهدة الأفضل من السفينة نفسها. وأقرب جزيرة إلى الحزام الشفقي تتوفر فيها مجموعة جيدة من أماكن الإقامة السياحية هي [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ستيوارت|جزيرة ستيوارت]]. توجد رحلة جوية ليوم واحد من [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]] لمشاهدة الشفق الجنوبي (بسعر يبدأ من 1,295 دولارًا أستراليًا). تنطبق جميع الاعتبارات المتعلقة بزيادة فرص مشاهدة الشفق الشمالي على مشاهدة الشفق الجنوبي أيضًا، مع مراعاة انعكاس الفصول في نصف الكرة الجنوبي عند اختيار الفترة التي تتوفر فيها أطول ساعات الظلام. ==انظر أيضًا== * [[Wy/ar/علم الفلك|علم الفلك]] * [[Wy/ar/شمس منتصف الليل|شمس منتصف الليل]] — في خطوط العرض التي يسودها الظلام طوال اليوم شتاءً ويقصدها الناس لرؤية الشفق الشمالي، يستمر الضوء عادة طوال الليل صيفًا. {{Wy/ar/جزء|المعالم الطبيعية|القطب الشمالي}} {{Wy/ar/Guidetopic}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] 8tue9w3cmb7un0l5da8hilng1opakkb 7374673 7374665 2026-10-26T06:57:16Z Almajidy 2647497 7374673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Northern Lights-banner1.jpg|الشفق القطبي}} '''الشفق القطبي الشمالي''' أو '''الوهج القطبي الشمالي'''أو '''الفلق''' أو '''''الأضواء الشمالية''''' ظاهرة طبيعية قد تلوّن سماء الليل بألوان ساحرة تبدو وكأنها من عالم آخر. ويحدث أيضًا '''الشفق القطبي الجنوبي''' أو '''''الأضواء الجنوبية'''''، لكنه أقل مشاهدة. يُعد الشفق ظاهرة متكررة بالنسبة إلى سكان خطوط العرض الشمالية القصوى، لكن كثيرًا ممن يعيشون في المناطق المعتدلة لم يروه قط، رغم إمكان ظهوره أحيانًا حتى خط العرض 35 درجة شمالًا. ستساعدك هذه المقالة على زيادة فرص مشاهدة الشفق إذا سافرت شمالًا. [[File:Aurora Borealis I.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق القطبي الشمالي قرب [[Wy/ar/ترومسو|ترومسو]]، [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]]]] ينشأ الشفق نتيجة جسيمات مشحونة تقذفها الشمس. وعندما تصل إلى الأرض، تصطدم بجزيئات الغاز في طبقات الغلاف الجوي العليا، فتمدّها بالطاقة وتُحدث عرضًا ضوئيًا مدهشًا متعدد الألوان. وتتأثر الجسيمات المشحونة بالمجالات المغناطيسية؛ لذلك يظهر الشفق أساسًا عند خطوط العرض الشمالية والجنوبية العالية قرب القطبين المغناطيسيين للأرض. يشبه الشفق إلى حد ما غروب الشمس في سماء الليل، لكنه يظهر أحيانًا على هيئة أقواس أو لوالب تتبع عادة المجال المغناطيسي للأرض. وكثيرًا ما يبدو كستائر متحركة من الضوء معلقة عاليًا في السماء. وأكثر ألوانه شيوعًا الأخضر الفاتح، وغالبًا ما تصاحبه مسحة وردية. وقد تتضمن العروض القوية لونين بنفسجيًا وأبيض. أما الشفق الأحمر فنادر، لكنه يُرصد أحيانًا. يكون الشفق عادة خافتًا نسبيًا، لكنه قد يسطع أحيانًا إلى درجة تسمح بقراءة صحيفة في ليلة بلا قمر. وتتفاوت شدة إضاءته ومدى ابتعاده عن القطبين تبعًا لثلاثة عوامل: وقت السنة، ودورة النشاط الشمسي التي تمتد 11 سنة، والعواصف الشمسية. وستُناقش هذه العوامل بالتفصيل لاحقًا. قد تحجب أضواء المدن الشفق الخافت؛ لذا يُفضَّل رصده في مناطق تبعد 30 كم على الأقل عن المدن. وتكمن الصعوبة في الابتعاد بما يكفي عن أضواء المدن لتحسين الرؤية، وهو أمر يسير عمومًا لأن معظم المناطق الشمالية قليلة السكان، ''دون'' تعريض نفسك لمخاطر غير ضرورية في مناخ قد يكون مميتًا. ==افهم== [[File:Map auroral oval mostly canada.png|thumb|200px|البيضاوي الشفقي الشمالي، 2007]] خلافًا لما قد يبدو بديهيًا، لا تقتصر مشاهدة الشفق الشمالي على التوجه نحو الشمال. فهو يحدث أساسًا ضمن حزام دائري أو بيضاوي يتمركز حول القطب الشمالي ''المغناطيسي'' للأرض، وهو ليس في موضع [[Wy/ar/القطب الشمالي|القطب الشمالي ''الجغرافي'']]. يتغير الموقع الدقيق للقطب الشمالي المغناطيسي. فحتى مطلع هذا القرن كان يتحرك ببطء، نحو 10 كم سنويًا، باتجاه الشمال عبر [[Wy/ar/جزيرة إليسمير|جزيرة إليسمير]] في أقصى شمال [[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]] شبه الخالي من السكان. ومنذ بداية القرن الحادي والعشرين تسارعت حركته لأسباب لم يتأكد العلماء منها بعد. وبحلول أواخر 2019 أصبح في المحيط المتجمد الشمالي شمال جزيرة إليسمير بكثير، متجهًا نحو روسيا بسرعة تقارب 55 كم سنويًا. وبسبب حركته، تقلصت مزايا الوجود في «الجانب الصحيح» من الأرض، وإن بقيت لأمريكا الشمالية أفضلية طفيفة في فرص مشاهدة الشفق. [[File:Aurora australis 20050911.jpg|thumb|200px|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من الفضاء]] لا تكون عروض الشفق في أقوى حالاتها ''عند'' القطب نفسه؛ فحزام النشاط الأشد يبعد عن القطب المغناطيسي بنحو 20 درجة، لأن خطوط القوة المغناطيسية منحنية ويؤدي انحناؤها إلى هذا الانزياح. ويشمل '''البيضاوي الشفقي الشمالي'''، أي المنطقة الأعلى احتمالًا لمشاهدة الشفق، معظم [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]] وشمال [[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]] والنصف الجنوبي من [[Wy/ar/غرينلاند|غرينلاند]] و[[Wy/ar/آيسلندا|آيسلندا]] وشمال [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]] وأقصى شمال [[Wy/ar/السويد|السويد]] و[[Wy/ar/فنلندا|فنلندا]]، إضافة إلى النصف الغربي من شمال روسيا. وهناك حزام بيضاوي مشابه في الجنوب؛ انظر الصورة. تشاهد مناطق مثل وسط [[Wy/ar/بلدان الشمال الأوروبي|بلدان الشمال الأوروبي]] وجنوبها، وجنوب كندا، ووسط شمال [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة]] و[[Wy/ar/اسكتلندا|اسكتلندا]] الشفق الشمالي كثيرًا أيضًا، لكن ليس بقدر المناطق الواقعة مباشرة تحت الحزام الشفقي. ويظهر الشفق في [[Wy/ar/سفالبارد|سفالبارد]] بوتيرة أقل مما هو عليه في شمال إسكندنافيا، لكنها مكان مناسب لرصد الشفق النهاري الأضعف الذي يمكن رؤيته خلال ساعات اليقظة في [[Wy/ar/الليل القطبي|الليل القطبي]] الطويل. ومع ذلك، تتفاوت خطوط العرض التي يظهر عندها الشفق تفاوتًا كبيرًا. ففي فترات النشاط الشمسي المرتفع، قد يُرى في أمريكا الشمالية عند خط عرض 35 درجة شمالًا، أي في جميع أنحاء الولايات المتحدة تقريبًا باستثناء أقصى جنوبها. ويجعل انزياح القطب تأثير العواصف الشمسية في أوروبا أقل قوة نسبيًا، لكن معظم بلدان شمال أوروبا ستشهد عروضًا خلال هذه العواصف. ==التخطيط== لا توجد ضمانة لمشاهدة الشفق حتى في أفضل المواقع والأوقات، وقد تسنح الفرصة في مناطق ومواسم أخرى. لكن قليلًا من التخطيط يزيد احتمالات نجاحك زيادة كبيرة. وباختصار، اختر مكانًا على الحزام الشفقي أو قريبًا جدًا منه، وسافر شتاءً. ===الوقت من السنة=== [[File:AuroraBuryatia.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق في إسكندنافيا]]<!-- ترتبط الصورة بقسم التصوير الفوتوغرافي؛ تحقق من الإشارة إليها إذا غيّرت العنوان أو الملف --> الظلام ضروري للمشاهدة. تقع معظم مناطق الشفق الشمالي على خطوط عرض مرتفعة تشهد [[Wy/ar/شمس منتصف الليل|شمس منتصف الليل]]، فلا يحل الظلام من أواخر أبريل إلى منتصف أغسطس، وربما لفترة أطول في أقصى الشمال مثل [[Wy/ar/سفالبارد|سفالبارد]]. وتشهد الأماكن الواقعة ضمن ثماني درجات عرض جنوب الدائرة القطبية الشمالية، مثل [[Wy/ar/يلونايف|يلونايف]] الكندية، «ليالي بيضاء» لا يفصل فيها بين الغسق والفجر إلا بضع ساعات من الشفق. ولا يمكن مشاهدة الشفق القطبي خلال هذه الفترة. في أكثر مناطق الشفق نشاطًا، الواقعة مباشرة على الحزام البيضاوي، يمكن رصده أحيانًا في أي فصل، لكن الفرص تكون أفضل عندما يحل الظلام بعد السادسة مساءً، من أواخر سبتمبر إلى أواخر مارس. يبلغ الشفق ذروته السنوية تقريبًا عند الاعتدالين في سبتمبر ومارس. ولا تُفهم أسباب هذا النمط بالكامل، لكنه حقيقي وليس مجرد أثر للأحوال الجوية أو ظروف الرؤية. وإذا كنت تنوي ممارسة أنشطة نهارية أخرى، فهذا وقت مناسب للزيارة، إذ يمكنك الاستمتاع باثنتي عشرة ساعة من ضوء النهار مع الاحتفاظ بفرصة جيدة لرؤية الشفق ليلًا. كما تكون درجات الحرارة ألطف من منتصف الشتاء. ===الوقت من اليوم=== الفترة من السادسة مساءً إلى الواحدة صباحًا هي الأكثر نشاطًا، وتبلغ احتمالات الرؤية ذروتها بين العاشرة والحادية عشرة مساءً. لكن هذه قاعدة إرشادية فقط؛ ففي الليل القطبي قد يُشاهد الشفق بدءًا من الرابعة عصرًا وطوال الليل. وتستمر أقوى العروض نحو 5 إلى 15 دقيقة لكل منها. وخلال فترات النشاط الشديد، يمكن توقع بدء التوهجات في أول المساء، وبلوغها الذروة نحو العاشرة ليلًا، واستمرارها حتى الساعات الأولى من الصباح. حتى مع الملابس الجيدة، يصعب على معظم المسافرين تحمل البقاء طويلًا خارجًا في ليلة قطبية، إذ تزداد البرودة عادة من الغروب حتى تبدأ شمس الصباح بتدفئة الجو. وحتى لو ظهر الشفق في أول المساء، فقد يكون من الأفضل الخروج نحو التاسعة مساءً بالتوقيت الشمسي، مع مراعاة منطقتك الزمنية؛ فذلك يمنحك فرصة جيدة لرؤية ذروة العرض دون البقاء طويلًا في الخارج أو التعرض لأبرد ساعات الليل. ===دورة السنوات الإحدى عشرة=== ترتبط عروض الشفق على المدى الطويل بدورة تمتد 11 عامًا في نشاط البقع الشمسية والاضطرابات الشمسية الأخرى؛ فكلما زاد اضطراب الشمس، زادت عروض الشفق. ومع ذلك، تظل رؤيته مرجحة عند خطوط العرض الأكثر ملاءمة حتى في الحد الأدنى للنشاط الشمسي؛ إذ يندر أساسًا عند خطوط العرض المنخفضة خلال فترات الخمول. وتوجد ذروة في النشاط الشمسي نحو عام 2024. ===العواصف الشمسية=== إضافة إلى التغيرات شبه المنتظمة في تواتر الشفق، توجد عروض غير متوقعة وغير منتظمة تنجم عن '''العواصف الشمسية'''. وقد يؤدي بعضها، ولا سيما قرب ذروة النشاط الشمسي، إلى رؤية الشفق شماليًا في مناطق بعيدة إلى الجنوب على نحو لافت، بشرط صفاء سماء الليل. ووقعت أكبر عاصفة شمسية مسجلة عام 1859، وكان الشفق ساطعًا بما يكفي لقراءة صحيفة في [[Wy/ar/بوسطن|بوسطن]] (42° شمالًا)، وشوهد حتى المكسيك جنوبًا. وكانت العاصفة قوية إلى حد أن أجهزة التلغراف عملت دون مصدر طاقتها المعتاد، واشتعلت النيران في بعضها. ومن المرجح أن تتسبب عاصفة مماثلة بأضرار جسيمة لمعظم الأجهزة الإلكترونية. سيساعدك قسم [[Wy/ar/#التنبيهات|التنبيهات]] أدناه على متابعة النشاط الشمسي والاستعداد للمشاهدة عند حدوث عاصفة شمسية. ===صفاء السماء=== أخيرًا، لا تنسَ '''توقعات الطقس'''؛ فالشفق يحدث في طبقات عالية جدًا من الغلاف الجوي، وإذا اعترضته السحب فلن ترى شيئًا. وفي شمال إسكندنافيا، يكون الطقس أفضل بوضوح قرب نهاية موسم الشفق (فبراير ومارس) منه في بدايته. ولعل الطقس أهم عامل للنجاح في المناطق الواقعة تحت الحزام الشفقي، حيث يمكن رؤية الشفق في ما يصل إلى 80% من الليالي الصافية. ==استعد== ===التنبيهات=== إذا كنت قادرًا على السفر إلى مناطق مشاهدة الشفق في مهلة قصيرة، فيمكنك زيادة فرصتك بمتابعة «طقس الفضاء»، أي الظواهر التي تحدث خارج الغلاف الجوي للأرض نتيجة النشاط الشمسي. [[File:Aurora australis ISS 20120715.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من محطة الفضاء الدولية، ويظهر الذراع الروبوتية الكندية في المقدمة]] يوفر موقع [http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ الإدارة الوطنية الأمريكية للمحيطات والغلاف الجوي] (NOAA) معلومات جيدة عن طقس الفضاء. وتُستخدم قياسات أقمارها التشغيلية البيئية ذات المدار القطبي لرسم خرائط لامتداد الحزام الشفقي الحالي وموقعه حول القطبين؛ انظر [https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/aurora-30-minute-forecast توقعاتها] التي تتنبأ بشدة الشفق وموقعه الجغرافي بالاعتماد على ظروف الرياح الشمسية والمجال المغناطيسي بين الكواكب بصورة شبه فورية. وتُظهر الخرائط أيضًا حدود مناطق الرؤية الحالية. ويقدم الموقع التجاري [http://www.spaceweather.com/ سبيس ويذر] كثيرًا من المعلومات نفسها بصورة مختصرة وأسهل فهمًا. تدير جامعة ألاسكا في فيربانكس موقع [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/AuroraForecast تنبيهات الشفق]. وبالنسبة إلى فنلندا، يقدم معهد الأرصاد الجوية الفنلندي [http://aurorasnow.fmi.fi/public_service/ توقعات النشاط] وبيانات حالية عن النشاط المغناطيسي. ويقدم مكتب الأرصاد الجوية الآيسلندي [http://en.vedur.is/weather/forecasts/aurora/ توقعات الشفق] في آيسلندا، بما في ذلك توقعات الغطاء السحابي. تُستمد التوقعات أساسًا من قراءات قمري ناسا «مستكشف التركيب المتقدم» (ACE) و«مرصد مناخ الفضاء العميق» (DSCOVR)، اللذين يقدمان إنذارًا مبكرًا بنحو ساعة. ويُوصف نشاط الرياح الشمسية بثلاثة مقاييس رئيسية: المركبة الشمالية-الجنوبية للمجال المغناطيسي (Bz)، والسرعة، والكثافة. وعندما تكون قيمة Bz سالبة، أي باتجاه الجنوب، تتمكن جسيمات الرياح الشمسية من دخول الغلاف الجوي بسهولة أكبر وإحداث الشفق. وقد يحدث نشاط شفقي عند السرعات العالية حتى لو كانت قيمة Bz سالبة باعتدال. وخلال العواصف الجيومغناطيسية تتقلب Bz سريعًا. ويُعبَّر عن النشاط الجيومغناطيسي العام بمؤشر K الكوكبي (Kp)، الذي تصدر له توقعات. وتشير قيمة Kp البالغة 5 أو أكثر إلى عواصف تجعل رؤية الشفق ممكنة عادة إلى الجنوب من الحزام البيضاوي، في شمال أوروبا والأجزاء الشمالية من [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة القارية]]. يمكن إعداد تقديرات أطول أمدًا بمراقبة الانفجارات على الشمس. لكن النماذج الفيزيائية لا تزال محدودة التطور، ويعود ذلك جزئيًا إلى أن القمرين ACE وDSCOVR وحدهما يراقبان الرياح الشمسية قبل وصولها إلى الأرض، لذا لا تتمتع التوقعات بموثوقية عالية. ويمكن التنبؤ باليوم التقريبي، لكن يظل غير معروف ما إذا كانت الدفقة ستصطدم بالأرض مباشرة، ومتى ستصل بالضبط، وبأي قوة. وتُجرى «التوقعات الآنية» على الأرض بقياس تقلبات المجال المغناطيسي، كما توجد كاميرات ويب موجهة نحو السماء لرؤية الشفق مباشرة. وتقيس أقمار ناسا القطبية والبيئية (POES) امتداد الحزام الشفقي مباشرة، لكنها تمر فوق القطب نحو 14 مرة يوميًا، ولذلك قد تكون الصور قديمة ببضع ساعات. إذا نشأت عاصفة شمسية كبيرة يُتوقع أن تنتج عنها أضواء شمالية أو جنوبية، فستكون مهلة الاستجابة من ساعات إلى بضعة أيام، لا دقائق ولا أسابيع. فالجسيمات المسببة للشفق تتحرك أبطأ بكثير من الضوء، لذا يمكن رصد العاصفة قبل وصول جسيماتها إلى الأرض بوقت، لكن الفارق ليس كبيرًا جدًا. وتتضمن التوقعات عادة إشارة إلى مدى امتداد النشاط بعيدًا عن القطبين المغناطيسيين. ولأغراض التخطيط للسفر، يُستحسن التحفظ واختيار مكان أقرب قليلًا إلى القطب من أقصى امتداد متوقع للشفق؛ فالتوقعات لا تصيب دائمًا، وقد يكون الشفق ضعيفًا نسبيًا أو محصورًا قرب الأفق الشمالي إذا كنت عند الحافة الجنوبية لمنطقة النشاط، مما قد يصعّب رؤيته بسبب التلوث الضوئي. ===الملابس=== [[File:Størmer and Birkeland Alta 1910.jpg|thumb|400px|مصورون يتجمدون من البرد، النرويج، 1910]] لأن الشفق يُرى عادة ليلًا في الأشهر الأبرد، يمضي المراقبون ساعات طويلة في الظلام والبرد. ومن الضروري ارتداء ملابس مناسبة لتخفيف الجانب المزعج من التجربة، ويكاد يكون من المستحيل أن ترتدي ملابس دافئة أكثر من اللازم. تتوفر الملابس الشتوية على نطاق واسع في أي منطقة تشهد شتاءً قاسيًا، لكن المتاجر المتخصصة التي تخدم [[Wy/ar/التزلج|المتزلجين]] و[[Wy/ar/تسلق الجبال|متسلقي الجبال]] و[[Wy/ar/الترحال بحقيبة الظهر في البرية|المتنزهين في البرية]] تقدم عادة أفضل الخيارات. وفي المناطق الأبعد جنوبًا قد تكون هذه المتاجر المكان الوحيد للحصول على تجهيزات الشتاء. في المناطق الشمالية النائية التي يجب نقل الطعام والوقود والمعدات إليها، ''قد تكون أسعار كل شيء تقريبًا مرتفعة جدًا''. وتميل المدن الشمالية الكبرى إلى تقديم أسعار أفضل من المناطق المعزولة، وإن بقيت أعلى من الأسعار في الجنوب. وينبغي لمعظم المسافرين شراء كثير من معداتهم قبل الانطلاق، مما يتيح وقتًا أطول للتسوق ويوفر المال ويجنب الوصول بملابس صيفية عندما يكون الجو شديد البرودة. قد يحتاج بعض المسافرين إلى التوقف للتسوق في مدينة إضافية؛ فمن يسافر مثلًا من ميامي، حيث يصعب العثور على تجهيزات شتوية جيدة، لرؤية الشفق في [[Wy/ar/تشرشل|تشرشل]]، حيث تكون المعدات مرتفعة الثمن والخيارات محدودة، يمكنه التوقف في [[Wy/ar/شيكاغو|شيكاغو]] أو [[Wy/ar/تورونتو|تورونتو]] أو [[Wy/ar/وينيبيغ|وينيبيغ]] لشراء ما يحتاج إليه. للحصول على معلومات محددة عن الملابس الشتوية، انظر [[Wy/ar/الطقس البارد#الملابس|الطقس البارد]]. وتذكر أنك ستحتاج إلى استخدام أصابعك، لذا قد يفيد الجمع بين القفازات العادية والقفازات ذات الأصابع المجمعة. ===التصوير الفوتوغرافي=== التقاط صور جيدة للشفق الشمالي '''صعب جدًا'''، لأنه سريع الحركة وغالبًا خافت ويظهر أمام خلفية حالكة الظلام، وهي ظروف تربك الكاميرات المدمجة العادية. ويمكن تقريبًا لأي [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة|كاميرا بعدسات قابلة للتبديل]] إنجاز المهمة إذا زُوّدت بعدسة مناسبة، لكن العدسة الأساسية التي تُباع معها عادة لن تكون سريعة بما يكفي، وربما لن تكون واسعة الزاوية بما يكفي أيضًا. {{Wy/ar/Infobox|الأطوال البؤرية للعدسات|عند الحديث عن الطول البؤري، نفترض استخدام كاميرا فيلم 35 مم أو كاميرا رقمية ذات مستشعر كامل الإطار. وتختلف الأرقام الفعلية في الكاميرات الأخرى، لكن يُشار غالبًا إلى «المكافئ لتنسيق 35 مم».}} غالبًا ما يلزم تعريض ضوئي طويل لتصوير الشفق الخافت. وإليك ما تحتاج إليه لتحظى بفرصة جيدة: * كاميرا تدعم '''التحكم اليدوي في التعريض''' (من 5 إلى 40 ثانية). * '''عدسة سريعة''' بفتحة f/2.8 أو أوسع. وتُستخدم عادة [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة#العدسات واسعة الزاوية|عدسة واسعة الزاوية]] لتغطية مساحة كبيرة من السماء. * '''فيلم عالي الحساسية''' (800 ASA أو أكثر)، أو إعداد ISO مكافئ في الكاميرا الرقمية. * '''حامل ثلاثي''' لتثبيت الكاميرا أثناء التعريض الطويل. * '''سلك تحرير الغالق أو مؤقت ذاتي''' لالتقاط الصور دون تحريك الكاميرا. : والأفضل من ذلك أن بعض الكاميرات تدعم '''التحكم عن بعد'''. ويمكن التحكم في بعض الكاميرات لاسلكيًا بواسطة '''هاتف ذكي'''، لكن القليل من الهواتف مصمم لتحمل تلك الظروف. * '''التركيز اليدوي'''. لا يُنصح بضبط العدسة على اللانهاية فحسب، بل الأفضل توجيهها نحو القمر أو نجم ساطع، ويفضل باستخدام وضع العرض المباشر وأقصى تكبير. * '''بطاريات وبطاقات ذاكرة احتياطية''' متعددة؛ فوجودها وحده يضمن أنك لن تحتاج إليها! احتفظ بالبطاريات الاحتياطية دافئة. * ما لا تحتاج إليه هو '''مرشح العدسة'''؛ فقد يسبب انعكاسات غير مرغوبة، لذا من الأفضل نزعه. [[File:Aurora shapes.jpg|thumb|405x405px|صور بكاميرا Canon EOS 400D، حساسية ISO 1600، فتحة f/2.8، تعريض 4–30 ثانية، وعدسة 17 مم (تعادل 24 مم على الإطار الكامل).]] يُستحسن التصوير بالكاميرا الرقمية بصيغة RAW، أو على الأقل JPG + RAW؛ فإذا حدث خلل أثناء التصوير، ستكون لديك مرونة أكبر في تصحيحه خلال المعالجة اللاحقة. تجنب التنفس على العدسة أو معين المنظر أو الشاشة كي لا يتكون الصقيع عليها. وقد يفيد مصباح يدوي أو مصباح رأس عند إعداد الكاميرا والحامل الثلاثي، كما يفيد الهاتف الذكي في تلقي التنبيهات والتوقعات. لكن ينبغي أن تعتاد عيناك الظلام، لذا قلل استخدام هذه الأجهزة واضبط شاشتي الهاتف والكاميرا على أدنى مستوى سطوع. الموقع المثالي خالٍ من التلوث الضوئي، ويوفر بعض الحماية من الرياح، ويسهل الوصول إليه. ففي ليلة قطبية باردة، لن ترغب بالتأكيد في حمل الكاميرا والحامل لمسافة طويلة أو الانتظار في الرياح لالتقاط الصورة المناسبة. كما أن الرياح تهز الكاميرا، مما يسبب مشكلة عند التعريض الطويل. ويساعد حامل أكبر وأكثر ثباتًا، لكنه أصعب حملًا. وإن أمكن، استكشف المكان نهارًا لتصل مباشرة إلى موقع جيد ليلًا. وقد لا تجد مكانًا مثاليًا، لكن حتى الموقع المقبول قد يعطي صورًا أفضل مع قدر أقل من المشقة. حاول أيضًا تضمين عنصر مثير للاهتمام في مقدمة الصورة؛ فـ[[Wy/ar/#أوروبا|الصورة النرويجية أدناه]] مثال جيد. وقد تبدو صورة السماء والثلج وحدهما مملة بعض الشيء حتى لو كان الشفق رائعًا. يمكن استخدام عدسة زوم متغيرة الطول البؤري أو عدسة ثابتة الطول البؤري؛ ولكل منهما مزايا. فعدسات الزوم أكثر مرونة، إذ تتيح تعديل الإطار سريعًا وفق حجم عرض الشفق. أما العدسات الثابتة فعادة أسرع بكثير وأخف وزنًا وأصغر حجمًا، وغالبًا ما تعطي صورة أشد حدة من عدسة زوم عند الطول البؤري نفسه. [[File:Aurora borealis over Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق القطبي الشمالي في [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]]]<!-- تُذكر الصورة في النص؛ تحقق من الإشارة إذا نقلتها أو استبدلتها --> تُعد [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة#العدسات واسعة الزاوية|العدسات واسعة الزاوية]] الخيار الأكثر شيوعًا لتصوير الشفق. وهي تسبب بعض التشوه، وقد تنتج في الحالات القصوى صور «عين السمكة». التُقطت الصورة على اليمين بعدسة 16 مم؛ فيبدو الأفق منحنيًا والأشجار في المقدمة مائلة قليلًا عن الوضع الرأسي، لكن بعض المشاهدين قد لا يلاحظون التشوه، وقليلون سيجدونه مزعجًا. واستُخدمت في [[Wy/ar/#الوقت من السنة|الصورة الإسكندنافية أعلاه]] عدسة أوسع زوايةً، فتظهر تشوهات أكثر. وتقلل عدسة أطول قليلًا، ربما 24 مم، التشوه لكنها تغطي مساحة أقل من السماء. وهنا تتميز عدسات الزوم على العدسات الثابتة؛ فبعدسة زوم 16–35 مم مثلًا يمكنك تعديل كل لقطة لتحقيق أفضل توازن بين التشوه والتغطية. وفي ظروف أخرى قد تحمل عدة عدسات ثابتة وتبدلها، لكن ذلك غير عملي إلى حد كبير في ليلة قطبية. تتيح العدسة الأسرع أو إعداد ISO المرتفع تقليل زمن التعريض، وهذا مفيد. فقد استُخدمت في الصورة على اليمين عدسة F2.8 وتعريض مدته 25 ثانية. ولو كانت العدسة F4 لاحتاجت إلى 50 ثانية، أي عند الحد الأعلى للتصوير العملي أو بعده. أما عدسة F1.4 فتقلل الزمن إلى نحو ست ثوانٍ، ومن المرجح أن تنتج صورة أوضح لأن الشفق يتحرك مسافة أقل خلال التعريض، وتمنح تحكمًا أفضل باللقطة؛ فإذا ضغطت الغالق عندما يبدو المشهد مثيرًا، فمن الأرجح أن يظل كذلك بضع ثوانٍ بدلًا من فترة أطول. وهنا تتميز العدسات الثابتة لأنها غالبًا أسرع بكثير من عدسات الزوم. وإذا جمعت بين عدسة سريعة وكاميرا تسمح بإعدادات ISO عالية، فقد تتمكن من خفض زمن التعريض إلى أقل من ثانية، لكن ذلك لا يضمن صورة أفضل. فإعدادات ISO العالية تزيد التشويش في الصورة، وقد تخسر بسبب ذلك أكثر مما تكسبه من تقصير التعريض. العدسات الواسعة السريعة باهظة الثمن. ففي منتصف 2013، عند مراجعة عدسات كانون كاملة الإطار لدى بائع أمريكي، كانت أرخص العدسات التي قد تصلح لتصوير الشفق عدسة 40 مم F2.8 بنحو 150 دولارًا أو 35 مم F2.0 بنحو 300 دولار؛ وهي ليست واسعة بما يكفي لتكون مثالية، لكنها قابلة للاستخدام، وما هو أفضل منها أغلى ثمنًا. ومن الخيارات المعتادة لمن يملك مجموعة عدسات جيدة أو ميزانية مناسبة: 20 أو 24 مم F2.8، أو 28 مم F1.8، أو زوم 17–40 مم F4، بأسعار تتراوح بين 450 و750 دولارًا. وقد تكون العدسة المثالية ثابتة 24 مم F1.4 أو زوم 16–35 مم F2.8، لكنهما من المنتجات الراقية الموجهة أساسًا للمحترفين، وسعر كل منهما نحو 1500 دولار. وتعد عدسة فائقة الاتساع 14 مم F2.8 خيارًا ممتازًا؛ وبينما يزيد سعر النسخ ذات التركيز التلقائي على 2000 دولار، تتوفر نسخ ذات تركيز يدوي بسعر أقل بكثير. وللعلامات التجارية الأخرى منتجات وأسعار مختلفة، لكن النمط العام مشابه. كما تصنع شركات غير مصنّعي الكاميرات عدسات، مع استمرار النمط نفسه. انظر [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر|تصوير السفر]] لمزيد من المعلومات العامة. ==المواقع== [[File:Rovaniemi - Aurora Borealis.jpg|thumb|الشفق في [[Wy/ar/روفانييمي|روفانييمي]]، [[Wy/ar/فنلندا|فنلندا]]]] يتكون الشفق الشمالي عادة على ارتفاع نحو 100 كم (60 ميلًا) فوق سطح الأرض. ومن حيث المبدأ، تُعد جميع المناطق الواقعة تحت الحزام الشفقي مواقع جيدة للرصد، لكن معظمها ناءٍ وصعب الوصول ويتسم بظروف مناخية قاسية. عند اختيار موقع للمشاهدة: * إذا كنت تستخدم سيارة، فابقَ قريبًا منها. فمدفأة السيارة العادية لا تستطيع في الواقع إبقاء مركبة معدنية كبيرة دافئة عندما تنخفض الحرارة الخارجية كثيرًا دون الصفر، لكنها أفضل من لا شيء، كما توفر السيارة مأوى من الرياح. وفي البرد الشديد جدًا، اترك المحرك يعمل حتى عندما تبتعد عن السيارة، فقد يصعب تشغيله مجددًا. * حاول العثور على مكان إقامة في منطقة معروفة بملاءمتها لمشاهدة الشفق، مثل كوخ أو ملجأ في البرية أو خيمة مدفأة أو مأوى مشابه. فهذا يجنبك القيادة لمسافات طويلة في وقت متأخر من الليل للوصول إلى موقع الرصد والعودة منه. * تجنب التلوث الضوئي وابتعد عن المناطق المأهولة. وإذا تعذر ذلك، فحاول على الأقل أن يكون الأفق الشمالي خاليًا من الأضواء. * تجنب المنحدرات الجبلية الشديدة أو غيرها من العوائق الكبيرة جهة الشمال. فكر في إحضار خيمة أو حاجز رياح متنقل لتوفير بعض الحماية من الرياح، وكذلك قوارير حرارية لحفظ المشروبات الساخنة. قد يكون الاستعانة بمرشد محلي أو الاشتراك في جولة منظمة لمشاهدة الشفق أو تصويره أمرًا يستحق التكلفة. فمعرفة المرشد المحلية تساعد في التعامل مع الطقس، والعثور على المواقع الجيدة، واختيار المسارات المناسبة، وتجنب اللقاءات القريبة مع [[Wy/ar/الحياة البرية الخطرة|الحيوانات البرية الخطرة]] مثل الدببة القطبية وثيران المسك. كما تمتلك شركات الجولات مركبات ومعدات ملائمة للظروف. وقد يتعذر استئجار مركبة أو إحضار مركبتك الخاصة في المناطق النائية، وحتى إن أمكن ذلك فلا يُنصح به ما لم يكن السائق والمركبة مستعدين جيدًا لـ[[Wy/ar/القيادة الشتوية|القيادة الشتوية]]. وتوفر بعض الجولات وسائل نقل غير مألوفة مثل عربات الثلج الآلية أو الزلاجات التي تجرها الكلاب أو الرنة أو الخيول؛ ولا يستطيع إلا قليل من السياح قيادة هذه الوسائل بأمان، ومن غير المرجح أن يسمح أصحاب الحيوانات القيّمة للزوار بقيادتها دون إشراف. توفر مواقع عديدة نوعًا من البنية السياحية، كالجولات ونقاط المراقبة وغيرها. وفيما يلي بعض أبرز المواقع مرتبة تقريبًا من الغرب إلى الشرق: ===أمريكا الشمالية=== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الشتاء في أمريكا الشمالية}} [[File:Flickr - DVIDSHUB - Alaska Aurora Borealis (Image 1 of 2).jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق في [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]]] * [[Wy/ar/فيربانكس|فيربانكس]]، ألاسكا: تشتهر بمشاهدة الشفق، وتضم جولات ومواقع كثيرة لخدمة المهتمين به. * [[Wy/ar/يلونايف|يلونايف]]، في الأقاليم الشمالية الغربية بكندا، وتتوفر فيها جولات عديدة أيضًا. * [[Wy/ar/تشرشل|تشرشل]]، على خليج هدسون في مانيتوبا، تقع في قلب الحزام الشفقي مباشرة، وتتيح فرصة مشاهدة أعداد كبيرة من الدببة القطبية خلال الرحلة نفسها. * [[Wy/ar/منتزه جزيرة رويال الوطني|منتزه جزيرة رويال الوطني]]، في شمال ميشيغان، منتزه يتبع مبدأ عدم ترك أثر، ولا يقدم جولات وتوجد فيه مرافق قليلة. وهو من أفضل الأماكن في الولايات الأمريكية المتجاورة الثماني والأربعين لرؤية الشفق، لبعده شمالًا وغياب التلوث الضوئي. ===جزر شمال الأطلسي=== * [[Wy/ar/كانغيرلوسواك|كانغيرلوسواك]]، غرينلاند: فرصة مشاهدة الشفق فيها مرتفعة جدًا من نوفمبر إلى مارس. وإذا رغبت في ركوب زلاجات الكلاب أو عربات الثلج الآلية، فيُفضل منتصف الشتاء إلى أواخره. * [[Wy/ar/ميفاتن|ميفاتن]]، آيسلندا: تتيح تجربة فريدة لمشاهدة الشفق أثناء الاسترخاء في حمام حراري أرضي طبيعي. وتُعد العاصمة [[Wy/ar/ريكيافيك|ريكيافيك]] قاعدة لكثير من الجولات. * [[Wy/ar/بيرنيراي|بيرنيراي]]، هبريدس الخارجية: توفر هذه الجزيرة الاسكتلندية النائية ظروفًا مناسبة لرصد الشفق الشمالي بسبب انخفاض التلوث الضوئي. ===أوروبا=== [[File:Aurora over Haja-3,2.jpg|thumb|قرب ترومسو، النرويج]]<!-- ترتبط الصورة بقسم التصوير؛ تحقق من الإشارة إليها عند تغيير العنوان أو الملف --> {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الشتاء في بلدان الشمال الأوروبي}} * [[Wy/ar/أبيسكو|أبيسكو]]، شمال السويد: وجهة شهيرة يمكن مشاهدة الشفق فيها من محطة «أورورا سكاي» أعلى جبل نووليا. * [[Wy/ar/ترومسو|ترومسو]]، شمال النرويج: يسهل الوصول إليها، وطقسها معتدل نسبيًا وتضم رحلات عديدة. لكن موقعها الساحلي يجعلها عرضة للغيوم. وتتمتع [[Wy/ar/سكيبوتن|سكيبوتن]] القريبة بمناخ أكثر جفافًا، بل شديد الجفاف بالنسبة للنرويج، مما يحسن فرص الرؤية. وتقع [[Wy/ar/سينيا|سينيا]] أيضًا في الجوار. * [[Wy/ar/ألتا|ألتا]]، في النرويج إلى الشمال الشرقي، والمعروفة بنقوشها الصخرية من عصور ما قبل التاريخ، تُسوَّق أيضًا بوصفها مكانًا لمشاهدة الشفق. وهي موطن أول مرصد للشفق الشمالي، الذي ارتبط برواد مثل كريستيان بيركلاند وأوله أندرياس كروغنيس وسيم سيلاند. ويقع [https://www.halde.no/ مرصد هالده وتالفيكتوبن] على ارتفاع 914 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر شمال غرب ألتا. * [[Wy/ar/يوكاسيارفي|يوكاسيارفي]]، شمال السويد: موقع فندق الجليد الأصلي، وتتوفر فيه بنية ممتازة لمشاهدة الشفق. * [[Wy/ar/كيلبيسيارفي|كيلبيسيارفي]] و[[Wy/ar/إيناري|إيناري]] و[[Wy/ar/أوتسيوكي|أوتسيوكي]] في لابلاند الفنلندية، وتتميز جميعها بطقس جاف نسبيًا وقليل من التلوث الضوئي.<!-- نيليم قرية أخرى بعيدة عن التلوث الضوئي؛ أضفها عند إنشاء مقالة عنها. --> وتوفر منتجعات التزلج [[Wy/ar/ساريسيلكا|ساريسيلكا]] في إيناري و[[Wy/ar/ليفي|ليفي]] في كيتيلا إقامة في أكواخ زجاجية شبيهة بالإيغلو صُممت خصيصًا للاستمتاع بالشفق. * شبه جزيرة كولا في [[Wy/ar/مقاطعة مورمانسك|مقاطعة مورمانسك]]، وهي أشهر مواقع المشاهدة في روسيا. تنخفض احتمالات رؤية الشفق سريعًا كلما اتجهت جنوبًا. ففي [[Wy/ar/هلسنكي|هلسنكي]]، يظهر الشفق نحو مرة واحدة شهريًا، وغالبًا ما تحجبه أضواء المدينة أو السحب. وقد تكون العروض التي تُرى بعيدًا عن الحزام الشفقي أقل سطوعًا وألوانًا بكثير. ===السفن السياحية=== من الطرق الفاخرة لرؤية الشفق القيام برحلة على متن [[Wy/ar/سفينة سياحية|سفينة سياحية]] بمحاذاة ساحل [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]] أو [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]، أو باتجاه [[Wy/ar/القارة القطبية الجنوبية|القارة القطبية الجنوبية]] لرؤية الشفق الجنوبي في الموسم المناسب. وتكون الرحلات البحرية باهظة عادة، لكن تكلفتها قد تكون معقولة مقارنة بالسفر جوًا إلى موقع جيد على اليابسة ودفع تكاليف الإقامة والجولات هناك. كما أن مشاهدة الشفق بمجرد الخروج إلى سطح السفينة بعد العشاء أسهل كثيرًا من الذهاب بالسيارة للوقوف في الثلج، واحتمال مواجهة حيوانات برية خطرة أقل. لكن توجد صعوبات؛ فلا تعمل جميع شركات الرحلات البحرية شتاءً، كما أن التقاط صور جيدة من سفينة متحركة ''بالغ الصعوبة'' عندما يحتاج الموضوع إلى تعريضات طويلة، كما هو الحال غالبًا مع الشفق. وإذا لم تكن الرحلة مخصصة لمشاهدة الشفق، فقد يكون التلوث الضوئي الصادر عن السفينة نفسها مشكلة. ===أثناء الطيران=== يحظى كثير من المسافرين في خطوط العرض الشمالية بمشهد للشفق من الجو. وربما ليس من الواقعي ''التخطيط'' لرؤيته من الطائرة، لكن إذا كنت تسافر كثيرًا في أقصى الشمال، ففكر في اختيار مقعد بجوار النافذة على الجانب الشمالي من الطائرة. وإذا كان العرض رائعًا بما يكفي، فعادة ما يعلن عنه قائد الطائرة. وإذا ظننت أن الرحلات البحرية باهظة الثمن، فلن ترغب غالبًا في الصعود إلى '''[[Wy/ar/الفضاء|الفضاء]]'''؛ فرحلة مدارية بتكلفة نحو 35 مليون دولار للشخص تكاد تضمن رؤية الشفق الشمالي والجنوبي معًا دون أي تداخل ضوئي، ومن منظور مذهل! ==الشفق ''الجنوبي''== [[File:Aurora Australis Over the Tasman Sea from SouthWest National Park.jpg|thumb|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من شاطئ نيو هاربور النائي في منتزه الجنوب الغربي الوطني بتسمانيا]] يحدث الشفق في حزام بيضاوي حول القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي كما يحدث حول القطب الشمالي، وينزاح القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي بدوره عن [[Wy/ar/القطب الجنوبي|القطب الجنوبي]] الجغرافي. ويستفيد الراغبون في مشاهدة '''الشفق الجنوبي''' أو '''''الأورورا أوستراليس''''' من مصادفة سعيدة، وهي أن انزياح القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي يكون عمومًا باتجاه [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]]، رغم أن القطب نفسه لا يزال في [[Wy/ar/القارة القطبية الجنوبية|القارة القطبية الجنوبية]] مثل القطب الجغرافي. ولذلك تحصل المناطق الجنوبية من أستراليا و[[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] على عروض شفقيّة أكثر مما يُتوقع من خطوط عرضها. وتُعد [[Wy/ar/تسمانيا|تسمانيا]] و[[Wy/ar/الجزيرة الجنوبية|الجزيرة الجنوبية]] في نيوزيلندا على وجه الخصوص مكانين يمكن رؤية الشفق فيهما مرات عدة سنويًا. وإذا كانت الظروف ملائمة، فإن [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]] و[[Wy/ar/إنفركارغيل|إنفركارغيل]] تقدمان أفضل الفرص في أماكن يسهل الوصول إليها من داخل أستراليا ونيوزيلندا. ورغم أن خط العرض الجغرافي لمدينة [[Wy/ar/كرايستشيرش|كرايستشيرش]] يقع جنوب [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]]، فإن «خط عرضها الجيومغناطيسي» يقع إلى الشمال أكثر، ولذلك لا تزيد احتمالات ظهور الشفق فيها على احتمالات ظهوره في جنوب [[Wy/ar/فيكتوريا (ولاية)|فيكتوريا]]. تحقق من طقس الفضاء أثناء سفرك. [[File:AuroraAustralisDisplay.jpg|thumb|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من [[Wy/ar/ويلينغتون|ويلينغتون]]، [[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]]]] تقع جميع هذه المواقع خارج الحزام الشفقي نفسه، ولذلك ليست فرص مشاهدة الشفق خلال زيارتك إليها مرتفعة. وبسبب ميل الحزام نحو نصف الكرة الشرقي، لا يُعقل توقع رؤيته من [[Wy/ar/باتاغونيا|باتاغونيا]]، كما أن رؤيته حتى من [[Wy/ar/شبه الجزيرة القطبية الجنوبية|شبه الجزيرة القطبية الجنوبية]] ليست مرجحة كثيرًا. وأفضل مكان لرصده هو [[Wy/ar/بحر روس|بحر روس]] في القارة القطبية الجنوبية، عبر [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ماكواري|جزيرة ماكواري]] الأسترالية أو [[Wy/ar/جزر نيوزيلندا شبه القطبية الجنوبية|جزر نيوزيلندا شبه القطبية الجنوبية]]. وتكون المشاهدة الأفضل من السفينة نفسها. وأقرب جزيرة إلى الحزام الشفقي تتوفر فيها مجموعة جيدة من أماكن الإقامة السياحية هي [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ستيوارت|جزيرة ستيوارت]]. توجد رحلة جوية ليوم واحد من [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]] لمشاهدة الشفق الجنوبي (بسعر يبدأ من 1,295 دولارًا أستراليًا). تنطبق جميع الاعتبارات المتعلقة بزيادة فرص مشاهدة الشفق الشمالي على مشاهدة الشفق الجنوبي أيضًا، مع مراعاة انعكاس الفصول في نصف الكرة الجنوبي عند اختيار الفترة التي تتوفر فيها أطول ساعات الظلام. ==انظر أيضًا== * [[Wy/ar/علم الفلك|علم الفلك]] * [[Wy/ar/شمس منتصف الليل|شمس منتصف الليل]] — في خطوط العرض التي يسودها الظلام طوال اليوم شتاءً ويقصدها الناس لرؤية الشفق الشمالي، يستمر الضوء عادة طوال الليل صيفًا. {{Wy/ar/جزء|المعالم الطبيعية|القطب الشمالي}} {{Wy/ar/Guidetopic}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] cbg2ub957ctkpnbw55wd1nstrt2xm9f 7374675 7374673 2026-10-26T06:57:29Z Almajidy 2647497 /* انظر أيضًا */ 7374675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Northern Lights-banner1.jpg|الشفق القطبي}} '''الشفق القطبي الشمالي''' أو '''الوهج القطبي الشمالي'''أو '''الفلق''' أو '''''الأضواء الشمالية''''' ظاهرة طبيعية قد تلوّن سماء الليل بألوان ساحرة تبدو وكأنها من عالم آخر. ويحدث أيضًا '''الشفق القطبي الجنوبي''' أو '''''الأضواء الجنوبية'''''، لكنه أقل مشاهدة. يُعد الشفق ظاهرة متكررة بالنسبة إلى سكان خطوط العرض الشمالية القصوى، لكن كثيرًا ممن يعيشون في المناطق المعتدلة لم يروه قط، رغم إمكان ظهوره أحيانًا حتى خط العرض 35 درجة شمالًا. ستساعدك هذه المقالة على زيادة فرص مشاهدة الشفق إذا سافرت شمالًا. [[File:Aurora Borealis I.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق القطبي الشمالي قرب [[Wy/ar/ترومسو|ترومسو]]، [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]]]] ينشأ الشفق نتيجة جسيمات مشحونة تقذفها الشمس. وعندما تصل إلى الأرض، تصطدم بجزيئات الغاز في طبقات الغلاف الجوي العليا، فتمدّها بالطاقة وتُحدث عرضًا ضوئيًا مدهشًا متعدد الألوان. وتتأثر الجسيمات المشحونة بالمجالات المغناطيسية؛ لذلك يظهر الشفق أساسًا عند خطوط العرض الشمالية والجنوبية العالية قرب القطبين المغناطيسيين للأرض. يشبه الشفق إلى حد ما غروب الشمس في سماء الليل، لكنه يظهر أحيانًا على هيئة أقواس أو لوالب تتبع عادة المجال المغناطيسي للأرض. وكثيرًا ما يبدو كستائر متحركة من الضوء معلقة عاليًا في السماء. وأكثر ألوانه شيوعًا الأخضر الفاتح، وغالبًا ما تصاحبه مسحة وردية. وقد تتضمن العروض القوية لونين بنفسجيًا وأبيض. أما الشفق الأحمر فنادر، لكنه يُرصد أحيانًا. يكون الشفق عادة خافتًا نسبيًا، لكنه قد يسطع أحيانًا إلى درجة تسمح بقراءة صحيفة في ليلة بلا قمر. وتتفاوت شدة إضاءته ومدى ابتعاده عن القطبين تبعًا لثلاثة عوامل: وقت السنة، ودورة النشاط الشمسي التي تمتد 11 سنة، والعواصف الشمسية. وستُناقش هذه العوامل بالتفصيل لاحقًا. قد تحجب أضواء المدن الشفق الخافت؛ لذا يُفضَّل رصده في مناطق تبعد 30 كم على الأقل عن المدن. وتكمن الصعوبة في الابتعاد بما يكفي عن أضواء المدن لتحسين الرؤية، وهو أمر يسير عمومًا لأن معظم المناطق الشمالية قليلة السكان، ''دون'' تعريض نفسك لمخاطر غير ضرورية في مناخ قد يكون مميتًا. ==افهم== [[File:Map auroral oval mostly canada.png|thumb|200px|البيضاوي الشفقي الشمالي، 2007]] خلافًا لما قد يبدو بديهيًا، لا تقتصر مشاهدة الشفق الشمالي على التوجه نحو الشمال. فهو يحدث أساسًا ضمن حزام دائري أو بيضاوي يتمركز حول القطب الشمالي ''المغناطيسي'' للأرض، وهو ليس في موضع [[Wy/ar/القطب الشمالي|القطب الشمالي ''الجغرافي'']]. يتغير الموقع الدقيق للقطب الشمالي المغناطيسي. فحتى مطلع هذا القرن كان يتحرك ببطء، نحو 10 كم سنويًا، باتجاه الشمال عبر [[Wy/ar/جزيرة إليسمير|جزيرة إليسمير]] في أقصى شمال [[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]] شبه الخالي من السكان. ومنذ بداية القرن الحادي والعشرين تسارعت حركته لأسباب لم يتأكد العلماء منها بعد. وبحلول أواخر 2019 أصبح في المحيط المتجمد الشمالي شمال جزيرة إليسمير بكثير، متجهًا نحو روسيا بسرعة تقارب 55 كم سنويًا. وبسبب حركته، تقلصت مزايا الوجود في «الجانب الصحيح» من الأرض، وإن بقيت لأمريكا الشمالية أفضلية طفيفة في فرص مشاهدة الشفق. [[File:Aurora australis 20050911.jpg|thumb|200px|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من الفضاء]] لا تكون عروض الشفق في أقوى حالاتها ''عند'' القطب نفسه؛ فحزام النشاط الأشد يبعد عن القطب المغناطيسي بنحو 20 درجة، لأن خطوط القوة المغناطيسية منحنية ويؤدي انحناؤها إلى هذا الانزياح. ويشمل '''البيضاوي الشفقي الشمالي'''، أي المنطقة الأعلى احتمالًا لمشاهدة الشفق، معظم [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]] وشمال [[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]] والنصف الجنوبي من [[Wy/ar/غرينلاند|غرينلاند]] و[[Wy/ar/آيسلندا|آيسلندا]] وشمال [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]] وأقصى شمال [[Wy/ar/السويد|السويد]] و[[Wy/ar/فنلندا|فنلندا]]، إضافة إلى النصف الغربي من شمال روسيا. وهناك حزام بيضاوي مشابه في الجنوب؛ انظر الصورة. تشاهد مناطق مثل وسط [[Wy/ar/بلدان الشمال الأوروبي|بلدان الشمال الأوروبي]] وجنوبها، وجنوب كندا، ووسط شمال [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة]] و[[Wy/ar/اسكتلندا|اسكتلندا]] الشفق الشمالي كثيرًا أيضًا، لكن ليس بقدر المناطق الواقعة مباشرة تحت الحزام الشفقي. ويظهر الشفق في [[Wy/ar/سفالبارد|سفالبارد]] بوتيرة أقل مما هو عليه في شمال إسكندنافيا، لكنها مكان مناسب لرصد الشفق النهاري الأضعف الذي يمكن رؤيته خلال ساعات اليقظة في [[Wy/ar/الليل القطبي|الليل القطبي]] الطويل. ومع ذلك، تتفاوت خطوط العرض التي يظهر عندها الشفق تفاوتًا كبيرًا. ففي فترات النشاط الشمسي المرتفع، قد يُرى في أمريكا الشمالية عند خط عرض 35 درجة شمالًا، أي في جميع أنحاء الولايات المتحدة تقريبًا باستثناء أقصى جنوبها. ويجعل انزياح القطب تأثير العواصف الشمسية في أوروبا أقل قوة نسبيًا، لكن معظم بلدان شمال أوروبا ستشهد عروضًا خلال هذه العواصف. ==التخطيط== لا توجد ضمانة لمشاهدة الشفق حتى في أفضل المواقع والأوقات، وقد تسنح الفرصة في مناطق ومواسم أخرى. لكن قليلًا من التخطيط يزيد احتمالات نجاحك زيادة كبيرة. وباختصار، اختر مكانًا على الحزام الشفقي أو قريبًا جدًا منه، وسافر شتاءً. ===الوقت من السنة=== [[File:AuroraBuryatia.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق في إسكندنافيا]]<!-- ترتبط الصورة بقسم التصوير الفوتوغرافي؛ تحقق من الإشارة إليها إذا غيّرت العنوان أو الملف --> الظلام ضروري للمشاهدة. تقع معظم مناطق الشفق الشمالي على خطوط عرض مرتفعة تشهد [[Wy/ar/شمس منتصف الليل|شمس منتصف الليل]]، فلا يحل الظلام من أواخر أبريل إلى منتصف أغسطس، وربما لفترة أطول في أقصى الشمال مثل [[Wy/ar/سفالبارد|سفالبارد]]. وتشهد الأماكن الواقعة ضمن ثماني درجات عرض جنوب الدائرة القطبية الشمالية، مثل [[Wy/ar/يلونايف|يلونايف]] الكندية، «ليالي بيضاء» لا يفصل فيها بين الغسق والفجر إلا بضع ساعات من الشفق. ولا يمكن مشاهدة الشفق القطبي خلال هذه الفترة. في أكثر مناطق الشفق نشاطًا، الواقعة مباشرة على الحزام البيضاوي، يمكن رصده أحيانًا في أي فصل، لكن الفرص تكون أفضل عندما يحل الظلام بعد السادسة مساءً، من أواخر سبتمبر إلى أواخر مارس. يبلغ الشفق ذروته السنوية تقريبًا عند الاعتدالين في سبتمبر ومارس. ولا تُفهم أسباب هذا النمط بالكامل، لكنه حقيقي وليس مجرد أثر للأحوال الجوية أو ظروف الرؤية. وإذا كنت تنوي ممارسة أنشطة نهارية أخرى، فهذا وقت مناسب للزيارة، إذ يمكنك الاستمتاع باثنتي عشرة ساعة من ضوء النهار مع الاحتفاظ بفرصة جيدة لرؤية الشفق ليلًا. كما تكون درجات الحرارة ألطف من منتصف الشتاء. ===الوقت من اليوم=== الفترة من السادسة مساءً إلى الواحدة صباحًا هي الأكثر نشاطًا، وتبلغ احتمالات الرؤية ذروتها بين العاشرة والحادية عشرة مساءً. لكن هذه قاعدة إرشادية فقط؛ ففي الليل القطبي قد يُشاهد الشفق بدءًا من الرابعة عصرًا وطوال الليل. وتستمر أقوى العروض نحو 5 إلى 15 دقيقة لكل منها. وخلال فترات النشاط الشديد، يمكن توقع بدء التوهجات في أول المساء، وبلوغها الذروة نحو العاشرة ليلًا، واستمرارها حتى الساعات الأولى من الصباح. حتى مع الملابس الجيدة، يصعب على معظم المسافرين تحمل البقاء طويلًا خارجًا في ليلة قطبية، إذ تزداد البرودة عادة من الغروب حتى تبدأ شمس الصباح بتدفئة الجو. وحتى لو ظهر الشفق في أول المساء، فقد يكون من الأفضل الخروج نحو التاسعة مساءً بالتوقيت الشمسي، مع مراعاة منطقتك الزمنية؛ فذلك يمنحك فرصة جيدة لرؤية ذروة العرض دون البقاء طويلًا في الخارج أو التعرض لأبرد ساعات الليل. ===دورة السنوات الإحدى عشرة=== ترتبط عروض الشفق على المدى الطويل بدورة تمتد 11 عامًا في نشاط البقع الشمسية والاضطرابات الشمسية الأخرى؛ فكلما زاد اضطراب الشمس، زادت عروض الشفق. ومع ذلك، تظل رؤيته مرجحة عند خطوط العرض الأكثر ملاءمة حتى في الحد الأدنى للنشاط الشمسي؛ إذ يندر أساسًا عند خطوط العرض المنخفضة خلال فترات الخمول. وتوجد ذروة في النشاط الشمسي نحو عام 2024. ===العواصف الشمسية=== إضافة إلى التغيرات شبه المنتظمة في تواتر الشفق، توجد عروض غير متوقعة وغير منتظمة تنجم عن '''العواصف الشمسية'''. وقد يؤدي بعضها، ولا سيما قرب ذروة النشاط الشمسي، إلى رؤية الشفق شماليًا في مناطق بعيدة إلى الجنوب على نحو لافت، بشرط صفاء سماء الليل. ووقعت أكبر عاصفة شمسية مسجلة عام 1859، وكان الشفق ساطعًا بما يكفي لقراءة صحيفة في [[Wy/ar/بوسطن|بوسطن]] (42° شمالًا)، وشوهد حتى المكسيك جنوبًا. وكانت العاصفة قوية إلى حد أن أجهزة التلغراف عملت دون مصدر طاقتها المعتاد، واشتعلت النيران في بعضها. ومن المرجح أن تتسبب عاصفة مماثلة بأضرار جسيمة لمعظم الأجهزة الإلكترونية. سيساعدك قسم [[Wy/ar/#التنبيهات|التنبيهات]] أدناه على متابعة النشاط الشمسي والاستعداد للمشاهدة عند حدوث عاصفة شمسية. ===صفاء السماء=== أخيرًا، لا تنسَ '''توقعات الطقس'''؛ فالشفق يحدث في طبقات عالية جدًا من الغلاف الجوي، وإذا اعترضته السحب فلن ترى شيئًا. وفي شمال إسكندنافيا، يكون الطقس أفضل بوضوح قرب نهاية موسم الشفق (فبراير ومارس) منه في بدايته. ولعل الطقس أهم عامل للنجاح في المناطق الواقعة تحت الحزام الشفقي، حيث يمكن رؤية الشفق في ما يصل إلى 80% من الليالي الصافية. ==استعد== ===التنبيهات=== إذا كنت قادرًا على السفر إلى مناطق مشاهدة الشفق في مهلة قصيرة، فيمكنك زيادة فرصتك بمتابعة «طقس الفضاء»، أي الظواهر التي تحدث خارج الغلاف الجوي للأرض نتيجة النشاط الشمسي. [[File:Aurora australis ISS 20120715.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من محطة الفضاء الدولية، ويظهر الذراع الروبوتية الكندية في المقدمة]] يوفر موقع [http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ الإدارة الوطنية الأمريكية للمحيطات والغلاف الجوي] (NOAA) معلومات جيدة عن طقس الفضاء. وتُستخدم قياسات أقمارها التشغيلية البيئية ذات المدار القطبي لرسم خرائط لامتداد الحزام الشفقي الحالي وموقعه حول القطبين؛ انظر [https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/aurora-30-minute-forecast توقعاتها] التي تتنبأ بشدة الشفق وموقعه الجغرافي بالاعتماد على ظروف الرياح الشمسية والمجال المغناطيسي بين الكواكب بصورة شبه فورية. وتُظهر الخرائط أيضًا حدود مناطق الرؤية الحالية. ويقدم الموقع التجاري [http://www.spaceweather.com/ سبيس ويذر] كثيرًا من المعلومات نفسها بصورة مختصرة وأسهل فهمًا. تدير جامعة ألاسكا في فيربانكس موقع [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/AuroraForecast تنبيهات الشفق]. وبالنسبة إلى فنلندا، يقدم معهد الأرصاد الجوية الفنلندي [http://aurorasnow.fmi.fi/public_service/ توقعات النشاط] وبيانات حالية عن النشاط المغناطيسي. ويقدم مكتب الأرصاد الجوية الآيسلندي [http://en.vedur.is/weather/forecasts/aurora/ توقعات الشفق] في آيسلندا، بما في ذلك توقعات الغطاء السحابي. تُستمد التوقعات أساسًا من قراءات قمري ناسا «مستكشف التركيب المتقدم» (ACE) و«مرصد مناخ الفضاء العميق» (DSCOVR)، اللذين يقدمان إنذارًا مبكرًا بنحو ساعة. ويُوصف نشاط الرياح الشمسية بثلاثة مقاييس رئيسية: المركبة الشمالية-الجنوبية للمجال المغناطيسي (Bz)، والسرعة، والكثافة. وعندما تكون قيمة Bz سالبة، أي باتجاه الجنوب، تتمكن جسيمات الرياح الشمسية من دخول الغلاف الجوي بسهولة أكبر وإحداث الشفق. وقد يحدث نشاط شفقي عند السرعات العالية حتى لو كانت قيمة Bz سالبة باعتدال. وخلال العواصف الجيومغناطيسية تتقلب Bz سريعًا. ويُعبَّر عن النشاط الجيومغناطيسي العام بمؤشر K الكوكبي (Kp)، الذي تصدر له توقعات. وتشير قيمة Kp البالغة 5 أو أكثر إلى عواصف تجعل رؤية الشفق ممكنة عادة إلى الجنوب من الحزام البيضاوي، في شمال أوروبا والأجزاء الشمالية من [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة القارية]]. يمكن إعداد تقديرات أطول أمدًا بمراقبة الانفجارات على الشمس. لكن النماذج الفيزيائية لا تزال محدودة التطور، ويعود ذلك جزئيًا إلى أن القمرين ACE وDSCOVR وحدهما يراقبان الرياح الشمسية قبل وصولها إلى الأرض، لذا لا تتمتع التوقعات بموثوقية عالية. ويمكن التنبؤ باليوم التقريبي، لكن يظل غير معروف ما إذا كانت الدفقة ستصطدم بالأرض مباشرة، ومتى ستصل بالضبط، وبأي قوة. وتُجرى «التوقعات الآنية» على الأرض بقياس تقلبات المجال المغناطيسي، كما توجد كاميرات ويب موجهة نحو السماء لرؤية الشفق مباشرة. وتقيس أقمار ناسا القطبية والبيئية (POES) امتداد الحزام الشفقي مباشرة، لكنها تمر فوق القطب نحو 14 مرة يوميًا، ولذلك قد تكون الصور قديمة ببضع ساعات. إذا نشأت عاصفة شمسية كبيرة يُتوقع أن تنتج عنها أضواء شمالية أو جنوبية، فستكون مهلة الاستجابة من ساعات إلى بضعة أيام، لا دقائق ولا أسابيع. فالجسيمات المسببة للشفق تتحرك أبطأ بكثير من الضوء، لذا يمكن رصد العاصفة قبل وصول جسيماتها إلى الأرض بوقت، لكن الفارق ليس كبيرًا جدًا. وتتضمن التوقعات عادة إشارة إلى مدى امتداد النشاط بعيدًا عن القطبين المغناطيسيين. ولأغراض التخطيط للسفر، يُستحسن التحفظ واختيار مكان أقرب قليلًا إلى القطب من أقصى امتداد متوقع للشفق؛ فالتوقعات لا تصيب دائمًا، وقد يكون الشفق ضعيفًا نسبيًا أو محصورًا قرب الأفق الشمالي إذا كنت عند الحافة الجنوبية لمنطقة النشاط، مما قد يصعّب رؤيته بسبب التلوث الضوئي. ===الملابس=== [[File:Størmer and Birkeland Alta 1910.jpg|thumb|400px|مصورون يتجمدون من البرد، النرويج، 1910]] لأن الشفق يُرى عادة ليلًا في الأشهر الأبرد، يمضي المراقبون ساعات طويلة في الظلام والبرد. ومن الضروري ارتداء ملابس مناسبة لتخفيف الجانب المزعج من التجربة، ويكاد يكون من المستحيل أن ترتدي ملابس دافئة أكثر من اللازم. تتوفر الملابس الشتوية على نطاق واسع في أي منطقة تشهد شتاءً قاسيًا، لكن المتاجر المتخصصة التي تخدم [[Wy/ar/التزلج|المتزلجين]] و[[Wy/ar/تسلق الجبال|متسلقي الجبال]] و[[Wy/ar/الترحال بحقيبة الظهر في البرية|المتنزهين في البرية]] تقدم عادة أفضل الخيارات. وفي المناطق الأبعد جنوبًا قد تكون هذه المتاجر المكان الوحيد للحصول على تجهيزات الشتاء. في المناطق الشمالية النائية التي يجب نقل الطعام والوقود والمعدات إليها، ''قد تكون أسعار كل شيء تقريبًا مرتفعة جدًا''. وتميل المدن الشمالية الكبرى إلى تقديم أسعار أفضل من المناطق المعزولة، وإن بقيت أعلى من الأسعار في الجنوب. وينبغي لمعظم المسافرين شراء كثير من معداتهم قبل الانطلاق، مما يتيح وقتًا أطول للتسوق ويوفر المال ويجنب الوصول بملابس صيفية عندما يكون الجو شديد البرودة. قد يحتاج بعض المسافرين إلى التوقف للتسوق في مدينة إضافية؛ فمن يسافر مثلًا من ميامي، حيث يصعب العثور على تجهيزات شتوية جيدة، لرؤية الشفق في [[Wy/ar/تشرشل|تشرشل]]، حيث تكون المعدات مرتفعة الثمن والخيارات محدودة، يمكنه التوقف في [[Wy/ar/شيكاغو|شيكاغو]] أو [[Wy/ar/تورونتو|تورونتو]] أو [[Wy/ar/وينيبيغ|وينيبيغ]] لشراء ما يحتاج إليه. للحصول على معلومات محددة عن الملابس الشتوية، انظر [[Wy/ar/الطقس البارد#الملابس|الطقس البارد]]. وتذكر أنك ستحتاج إلى استخدام أصابعك، لذا قد يفيد الجمع بين القفازات العادية والقفازات ذات الأصابع المجمعة. ===التصوير الفوتوغرافي=== التقاط صور جيدة للشفق الشمالي '''صعب جدًا'''، لأنه سريع الحركة وغالبًا خافت ويظهر أمام خلفية حالكة الظلام، وهي ظروف تربك الكاميرات المدمجة العادية. ويمكن تقريبًا لأي [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة|كاميرا بعدسات قابلة للتبديل]] إنجاز المهمة إذا زُوّدت بعدسة مناسبة، لكن العدسة الأساسية التي تُباع معها عادة لن تكون سريعة بما يكفي، وربما لن تكون واسعة الزاوية بما يكفي أيضًا. {{Wy/ar/Infobox|الأطوال البؤرية للعدسات|عند الحديث عن الطول البؤري، نفترض استخدام كاميرا فيلم 35 مم أو كاميرا رقمية ذات مستشعر كامل الإطار. وتختلف الأرقام الفعلية في الكاميرات الأخرى، لكن يُشار غالبًا إلى «المكافئ لتنسيق 35 مم».}} غالبًا ما يلزم تعريض ضوئي طويل لتصوير الشفق الخافت. وإليك ما تحتاج إليه لتحظى بفرصة جيدة: * كاميرا تدعم '''التحكم اليدوي في التعريض''' (من 5 إلى 40 ثانية). * '''عدسة سريعة''' بفتحة f/2.8 أو أوسع. وتُستخدم عادة [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة#العدسات واسعة الزاوية|عدسة واسعة الزاوية]] لتغطية مساحة كبيرة من السماء. * '''فيلم عالي الحساسية''' (800 ASA أو أكثر)، أو إعداد ISO مكافئ في الكاميرا الرقمية. * '''حامل ثلاثي''' لتثبيت الكاميرا أثناء التعريض الطويل. * '''سلك تحرير الغالق أو مؤقت ذاتي''' لالتقاط الصور دون تحريك الكاميرا. : والأفضل من ذلك أن بعض الكاميرات تدعم '''التحكم عن بعد'''. ويمكن التحكم في بعض الكاميرات لاسلكيًا بواسطة '''هاتف ذكي'''، لكن القليل من الهواتف مصمم لتحمل تلك الظروف. * '''التركيز اليدوي'''. لا يُنصح بضبط العدسة على اللانهاية فحسب، بل الأفضل توجيهها نحو القمر أو نجم ساطع، ويفضل باستخدام وضع العرض المباشر وأقصى تكبير. * '''بطاريات وبطاقات ذاكرة احتياطية''' متعددة؛ فوجودها وحده يضمن أنك لن تحتاج إليها! احتفظ بالبطاريات الاحتياطية دافئة. * ما لا تحتاج إليه هو '''مرشح العدسة'''؛ فقد يسبب انعكاسات غير مرغوبة، لذا من الأفضل نزعه. [[File:Aurora shapes.jpg|thumb|405x405px|صور بكاميرا Canon EOS 400D، حساسية ISO 1600، فتحة f/2.8، تعريض 4–30 ثانية، وعدسة 17 مم (تعادل 24 مم على الإطار الكامل).]] يُستحسن التصوير بالكاميرا الرقمية بصيغة RAW، أو على الأقل JPG + RAW؛ فإذا حدث خلل أثناء التصوير، ستكون لديك مرونة أكبر في تصحيحه خلال المعالجة اللاحقة. تجنب التنفس على العدسة أو معين المنظر أو الشاشة كي لا يتكون الصقيع عليها. وقد يفيد مصباح يدوي أو مصباح رأس عند إعداد الكاميرا والحامل الثلاثي، كما يفيد الهاتف الذكي في تلقي التنبيهات والتوقعات. لكن ينبغي أن تعتاد عيناك الظلام، لذا قلل استخدام هذه الأجهزة واضبط شاشتي الهاتف والكاميرا على أدنى مستوى سطوع. الموقع المثالي خالٍ من التلوث الضوئي، ويوفر بعض الحماية من الرياح، ويسهل الوصول إليه. ففي ليلة قطبية باردة، لن ترغب بالتأكيد في حمل الكاميرا والحامل لمسافة طويلة أو الانتظار في الرياح لالتقاط الصورة المناسبة. كما أن الرياح تهز الكاميرا، مما يسبب مشكلة عند التعريض الطويل. ويساعد حامل أكبر وأكثر ثباتًا، لكنه أصعب حملًا. وإن أمكن، استكشف المكان نهارًا لتصل مباشرة إلى موقع جيد ليلًا. وقد لا تجد مكانًا مثاليًا، لكن حتى الموقع المقبول قد يعطي صورًا أفضل مع قدر أقل من المشقة. حاول أيضًا تضمين عنصر مثير للاهتمام في مقدمة الصورة؛ فـ[[Wy/ar/#أوروبا|الصورة النرويجية أدناه]] مثال جيد. وقد تبدو صورة السماء والثلج وحدهما مملة بعض الشيء حتى لو كان الشفق رائعًا. يمكن استخدام عدسة زوم متغيرة الطول البؤري أو عدسة ثابتة الطول البؤري؛ ولكل منهما مزايا. فعدسات الزوم أكثر مرونة، إذ تتيح تعديل الإطار سريعًا وفق حجم عرض الشفق. أما العدسات الثابتة فعادة أسرع بكثير وأخف وزنًا وأصغر حجمًا، وغالبًا ما تعطي صورة أشد حدة من عدسة زوم عند الطول البؤري نفسه. [[File:Aurora borealis over Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق القطبي الشمالي في [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]]]<!-- تُذكر الصورة في النص؛ تحقق من الإشارة إذا نقلتها أو استبدلتها --> تُعد [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة#العدسات واسعة الزاوية|العدسات واسعة الزاوية]] الخيار الأكثر شيوعًا لتصوير الشفق. وهي تسبب بعض التشوه، وقد تنتج في الحالات القصوى صور «عين السمكة». التُقطت الصورة على اليمين بعدسة 16 مم؛ فيبدو الأفق منحنيًا والأشجار في المقدمة مائلة قليلًا عن الوضع الرأسي، لكن بعض المشاهدين قد لا يلاحظون التشوه، وقليلون سيجدونه مزعجًا. واستُخدمت في [[Wy/ar/#الوقت من السنة|الصورة الإسكندنافية أعلاه]] عدسة أوسع زوايةً، فتظهر تشوهات أكثر. وتقلل عدسة أطول قليلًا، ربما 24 مم، التشوه لكنها تغطي مساحة أقل من السماء. وهنا تتميز عدسات الزوم على العدسات الثابتة؛ فبعدسة زوم 16–35 مم مثلًا يمكنك تعديل كل لقطة لتحقيق أفضل توازن بين التشوه والتغطية. وفي ظروف أخرى قد تحمل عدة عدسات ثابتة وتبدلها، لكن ذلك غير عملي إلى حد كبير في ليلة قطبية. تتيح العدسة الأسرع أو إعداد ISO المرتفع تقليل زمن التعريض، وهذا مفيد. فقد استُخدمت في الصورة على اليمين عدسة F2.8 وتعريض مدته 25 ثانية. ولو كانت العدسة F4 لاحتاجت إلى 50 ثانية، أي عند الحد الأعلى للتصوير العملي أو بعده. أما عدسة F1.4 فتقلل الزمن إلى نحو ست ثوانٍ، ومن المرجح أن تنتج صورة أوضح لأن الشفق يتحرك مسافة أقل خلال التعريض، وتمنح تحكمًا أفضل باللقطة؛ فإذا ضغطت الغالق عندما يبدو المشهد مثيرًا، فمن الأرجح أن يظل كذلك بضع ثوانٍ بدلًا من فترة أطول. وهنا تتميز العدسات الثابتة لأنها غالبًا أسرع بكثير من عدسات الزوم. وإذا جمعت بين عدسة سريعة وكاميرا تسمح بإعدادات ISO عالية، فقد تتمكن من خفض زمن التعريض إلى أقل من ثانية، لكن ذلك لا يضمن صورة أفضل. فإعدادات ISO العالية تزيد التشويش في الصورة، وقد تخسر بسبب ذلك أكثر مما تكسبه من تقصير التعريض. العدسات الواسعة السريعة باهظة الثمن. ففي منتصف 2013، عند مراجعة عدسات كانون كاملة الإطار لدى بائع أمريكي، كانت أرخص العدسات التي قد تصلح لتصوير الشفق عدسة 40 مم F2.8 بنحو 150 دولارًا أو 35 مم F2.0 بنحو 300 دولار؛ وهي ليست واسعة بما يكفي لتكون مثالية، لكنها قابلة للاستخدام، وما هو أفضل منها أغلى ثمنًا. ومن الخيارات المعتادة لمن يملك مجموعة عدسات جيدة أو ميزانية مناسبة: 20 أو 24 مم F2.8، أو 28 مم F1.8، أو زوم 17–40 مم F4، بأسعار تتراوح بين 450 و750 دولارًا. وقد تكون العدسة المثالية ثابتة 24 مم F1.4 أو زوم 16–35 مم F2.8، لكنهما من المنتجات الراقية الموجهة أساسًا للمحترفين، وسعر كل منهما نحو 1500 دولار. وتعد عدسة فائقة الاتساع 14 مم F2.8 خيارًا ممتازًا؛ وبينما يزيد سعر النسخ ذات التركيز التلقائي على 2000 دولار، تتوفر نسخ ذات تركيز يدوي بسعر أقل بكثير. وللعلامات التجارية الأخرى منتجات وأسعار مختلفة، لكن النمط العام مشابه. كما تصنع شركات غير مصنّعي الكاميرات عدسات، مع استمرار النمط نفسه. انظر [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر|تصوير السفر]] لمزيد من المعلومات العامة. ==المواقع== [[File:Rovaniemi - Aurora Borealis.jpg|thumb|الشفق في [[Wy/ar/روفانييمي|روفانييمي]]، [[Wy/ar/فنلندا|فنلندا]]]] يتكون الشفق الشمالي عادة على ارتفاع نحو 100 كم (60 ميلًا) فوق سطح الأرض. ومن حيث المبدأ، تُعد جميع المناطق الواقعة تحت الحزام الشفقي مواقع جيدة للرصد، لكن معظمها ناءٍ وصعب الوصول ويتسم بظروف مناخية قاسية. عند اختيار موقع للمشاهدة: * إذا كنت تستخدم سيارة، فابقَ قريبًا منها. فمدفأة السيارة العادية لا تستطيع في الواقع إبقاء مركبة معدنية كبيرة دافئة عندما تنخفض الحرارة الخارجية كثيرًا دون الصفر، لكنها أفضل من لا شيء، كما توفر السيارة مأوى من الرياح. وفي البرد الشديد جدًا، اترك المحرك يعمل حتى عندما تبتعد عن السيارة، فقد يصعب تشغيله مجددًا. * حاول العثور على مكان إقامة في منطقة معروفة بملاءمتها لمشاهدة الشفق، مثل كوخ أو ملجأ في البرية أو خيمة مدفأة أو مأوى مشابه. فهذا يجنبك القيادة لمسافات طويلة في وقت متأخر من الليل للوصول إلى موقع الرصد والعودة منه. * تجنب التلوث الضوئي وابتعد عن المناطق المأهولة. وإذا تعذر ذلك، فحاول على الأقل أن يكون الأفق الشمالي خاليًا من الأضواء. * تجنب المنحدرات الجبلية الشديدة أو غيرها من العوائق الكبيرة جهة الشمال. فكر في إحضار خيمة أو حاجز رياح متنقل لتوفير بعض الحماية من الرياح، وكذلك قوارير حرارية لحفظ المشروبات الساخنة. قد يكون الاستعانة بمرشد محلي أو الاشتراك في جولة منظمة لمشاهدة الشفق أو تصويره أمرًا يستحق التكلفة. فمعرفة المرشد المحلية تساعد في التعامل مع الطقس، والعثور على المواقع الجيدة، واختيار المسارات المناسبة، وتجنب اللقاءات القريبة مع [[Wy/ar/الحياة البرية الخطرة|الحيوانات البرية الخطرة]] مثل الدببة القطبية وثيران المسك. كما تمتلك شركات الجولات مركبات ومعدات ملائمة للظروف. وقد يتعذر استئجار مركبة أو إحضار مركبتك الخاصة في المناطق النائية، وحتى إن أمكن ذلك فلا يُنصح به ما لم يكن السائق والمركبة مستعدين جيدًا لـ[[Wy/ar/القيادة الشتوية|القيادة الشتوية]]. وتوفر بعض الجولات وسائل نقل غير مألوفة مثل عربات الثلج الآلية أو الزلاجات التي تجرها الكلاب أو الرنة أو الخيول؛ ولا يستطيع إلا قليل من السياح قيادة هذه الوسائل بأمان، ومن غير المرجح أن يسمح أصحاب الحيوانات القيّمة للزوار بقيادتها دون إشراف. توفر مواقع عديدة نوعًا من البنية السياحية، كالجولات ونقاط المراقبة وغيرها. وفيما يلي بعض أبرز المواقع مرتبة تقريبًا من الغرب إلى الشرق: ===أمريكا الشمالية=== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الشتاء في أمريكا الشمالية}} [[File:Flickr - DVIDSHUB - Alaska Aurora Borealis (Image 1 of 2).jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق في [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]]] * [[Wy/ar/فيربانكس|فيربانكس]]، ألاسكا: تشتهر بمشاهدة الشفق، وتضم جولات ومواقع كثيرة لخدمة المهتمين به. * [[Wy/ar/يلونايف|يلونايف]]، في الأقاليم الشمالية الغربية بكندا، وتتوفر فيها جولات عديدة أيضًا. * [[Wy/ar/تشرشل|تشرشل]]، على خليج هدسون في مانيتوبا، تقع في قلب الحزام الشفقي مباشرة، وتتيح فرصة مشاهدة أعداد كبيرة من الدببة القطبية خلال الرحلة نفسها. * [[Wy/ar/منتزه جزيرة رويال الوطني|منتزه جزيرة رويال الوطني]]، في شمال ميشيغان، منتزه يتبع مبدأ عدم ترك أثر، ولا يقدم جولات وتوجد فيه مرافق قليلة. وهو من أفضل الأماكن في الولايات الأمريكية المتجاورة الثماني والأربعين لرؤية الشفق، لبعده شمالًا وغياب التلوث الضوئي. ===جزر شمال الأطلسي=== * [[Wy/ar/كانغيرلوسواك|كانغيرلوسواك]]، غرينلاند: فرصة مشاهدة الشفق فيها مرتفعة جدًا من نوفمبر إلى مارس. وإذا رغبت في ركوب زلاجات الكلاب أو عربات الثلج الآلية، فيُفضل منتصف الشتاء إلى أواخره. * [[Wy/ar/ميفاتن|ميفاتن]]، آيسلندا: تتيح تجربة فريدة لمشاهدة الشفق أثناء الاسترخاء في حمام حراري أرضي طبيعي. وتُعد العاصمة [[Wy/ar/ريكيافيك|ريكيافيك]] قاعدة لكثير من الجولات. * [[Wy/ar/بيرنيراي|بيرنيراي]]، هبريدس الخارجية: توفر هذه الجزيرة الاسكتلندية النائية ظروفًا مناسبة لرصد الشفق الشمالي بسبب انخفاض التلوث الضوئي. ===أوروبا=== [[File:Aurora over Haja-3,2.jpg|thumb|قرب ترومسو، النرويج]]<!-- ترتبط الصورة بقسم التصوير؛ تحقق من الإشارة إليها عند تغيير العنوان أو الملف --> {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الشتاء في بلدان الشمال الأوروبي}} * [[Wy/ar/أبيسكو|أبيسكو]]، شمال السويد: وجهة شهيرة يمكن مشاهدة الشفق فيها من محطة «أورورا سكاي» أعلى جبل نووليا. * [[Wy/ar/ترومسو|ترومسو]]، شمال النرويج: يسهل الوصول إليها، وطقسها معتدل نسبيًا وتضم رحلات عديدة. لكن موقعها الساحلي يجعلها عرضة للغيوم. وتتمتع [[Wy/ar/سكيبوتن|سكيبوتن]] القريبة بمناخ أكثر جفافًا، بل شديد الجفاف بالنسبة للنرويج، مما يحسن فرص الرؤية. وتقع [[Wy/ar/سينيا|سينيا]] أيضًا في الجوار. * [[Wy/ar/ألتا|ألتا]]، في النرويج إلى الشمال الشرقي، والمعروفة بنقوشها الصخرية من عصور ما قبل التاريخ، تُسوَّق أيضًا بوصفها مكانًا لمشاهدة الشفق. وهي موطن أول مرصد للشفق الشمالي، الذي ارتبط برواد مثل كريستيان بيركلاند وأوله أندرياس كروغنيس وسيم سيلاند. ويقع [https://www.halde.no/ مرصد هالده وتالفيكتوبن] على ارتفاع 914 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر شمال غرب ألتا. * [[Wy/ar/يوكاسيارفي|يوكاسيارفي]]، شمال السويد: موقع فندق الجليد الأصلي، وتتوفر فيه بنية ممتازة لمشاهدة الشفق. * [[Wy/ar/كيلبيسيارفي|كيلبيسيارفي]] و[[Wy/ar/إيناري|إيناري]] و[[Wy/ar/أوتسيوكي|أوتسيوكي]] في لابلاند الفنلندية، وتتميز جميعها بطقس جاف نسبيًا وقليل من التلوث الضوئي.<!-- نيليم قرية أخرى بعيدة عن التلوث الضوئي؛ أضفها عند إنشاء مقالة عنها. --> وتوفر منتجعات التزلج [[Wy/ar/ساريسيلكا|ساريسيلكا]] في إيناري و[[Wy/ar/ليفي|ليفي]] في كيتيلا إقامة في أكواخ زجاجية شبيهة بالإيغلو صُممت خصيصًا للاستمتاع بالشفق. * شبه جزيرة كولا في [[Wy/ar/مقاطعة مورمانسك|مقاطعة مورمانسك]]، وهي أشهر مواقع المشاهدة في روسيا. تنخفض احتمالات رؤية الشفق سريعًا كلما اتجهت جنوبًا. ففي [[Wy/ar/هلسنكي|هلسنكي]]، يظهر الشفق نحو مرة واحدة شهريًا، وغالبًا ما تحجبه أضواء المدينة أو السحب. وقد تكون العروض التي تُرى بعيدًا عن الحزام الشفقي أقل سطوعًا وألوانًا بكثير. ===السفن السياحية=== من الطرق الفاخرة لرؤية الشفق القيام برحلة على متن [[Wy/ar/سفينة سياحية|سفينة سياحية]] بمحاذاة ساحل [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]] أو [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]، أو باتجاه [[Wy/ar/القارة القطبية الجنوبية|القارة القطبية الجنوبية]] لرؤية الشفق الجنوبي في الموسم المناسب. وتكون الرحلات البحرية باهظة عادة، لكن تكلفتها قد تكون معقولة مقارنة بالسفر جوًا إلى موقع جيد على اليابسة ودفع تكاليف الإقامة والجولات هناك. كما أن مشاهدة الشفق بمجرد الخروج إلى سطح السفينة بعد العشاء أسهل كثيرًا من الذهاب بالسيارة للوقوف في الثلج، واحتمال مواجهة حيوانات برية خطرة أقل. لكن توجد صعوبات؛ فلا تعمل جميع شركات الرحلات البحرية شتاءً، كما أن التقاط صور جيدة من سفينة متحركة ''بالغ الصعوبة'' عندما يحتاج الموضوع إلى تعريضات طويلة، كما هو الحال غالبًا مع الشفق. وإذا لم تكن الرحلة مخصصة لمشاهدة الشفق، فقد يكون التلوث الضوئي الصادر عن السفينة نفسها مشكلة. ===أثناء الطيران=== يحظى كثير من المسافرين في خطوط العرض الشمالية بمشهد للشفق من الجو. وربما ليس من الواقعي ''التخطيط'' لرؤيته من الطائرة، لكن إذا كنت تسافر كثيرًا في أقصى الشمال، ففكر في اختيار مقعد بجوار النافذة على الجانب الشمالي من الطائرة. وإذا كان العرض رائعًا بما يكفي، فعادة ما يعلن عنه قائد الطائرة. وإذا ظننت أن الرحلات البحرية باهظة الثمن، فلن ترغب غالبًا في الصعود إلى '''[[Wy/ar/الفضاء|الفضاء]]'''؛ فرحلة مدارية بتكلفة نحو 35 مليون دولار للشخص تكاد تضمن رؤية الشفق الشمالي والجنوبي معًا دون أي تداخل ضوئي، ومن منظور مذهل! ==الشفق ''الجنوبي''== [[File:Aurora Australis Over the Tasman Sea from SouthWest National Park.jpg|thumb|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من شاطئ نيو هاربور النائي في منتزه الجنوب الغربي الوطني بتسمانيا]] يحدث الشفق في حزام بيضاوي حول القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي كما يحدث حول القطب الشمالي، وينزاح القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي بدوره عن [[Wy/ar/القطب الجنوبي|القطب الجنوبي]] الجغرافي. ويستفيد الراغبون في مشاهدة '''الشفق الجنوبي''' أو '''''الأورورا أوستراليس''''' من مصادفة سعيدة، وهي أن انزياح القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي يكون عمومًا باتجاه [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]]، رغم أن القطب نفسه لا يزال في [[Wy/ar/القارة القطبية الجنوبية|القارة القطبية الجنوبية]] مثل القطب الجغرافي. ولذلك تحصل المناطق الجنوبية من أستراليا و[[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] على عروض شفقيّة أكثر مما يُتوقع من خطوط عرضها. وتُعد [[Wy/ar/تسمانيا|تسمانيا]] و[[Wy/ar/الجزيرة الجنوبية|الجزيرة الجنوبية]] في نيوزيلندا على وجه الخصوص مكانين يمكن رؤية الشفق فيهما مرات عدة سنويًا. وإذا كانت الظروف ملائمة، فإن [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]] و[[Wy/ar/إنفركارغيل|إنفركارغيل]] تقدمان أفضل الفرص في أماكن يسهل الوصول إليها من داخل أستراليا ونيوزيلندا. ورغم أن خط العرض الجغرافي لمدينة [[Wy/ar/كرايستشيرش|كرايستشيرش]] يقع جنوب [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]]، فإن «خط عرضها الجيومغناطيسي» يقع إلى الشمال أكثر، ولذلك لا تزيد احتمالات ظهور الشفق فيها على احتمالات ظهوره في جنوب [[Wy/ar/فيكتوريا (ولاية)|فيكتوريا]]. تحقق من طقس الفضاء أثناء سفرك. [[File:AuroraAustralisDisplay.jpg|thumb|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من [[Wy/ar/ويلينغتون|ويلينغتون]]، [[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]]]] تقع جميع هذه المواقع خارج الحزام الشفقي نفسه، ولذلك ليست فرص مشاهدة الشفق خلال زيارتك إليها مرتفعة. وبسبب ميل الحزام نحو نصف الكرة الشرقي، لا يُعقل توقع رؤيته من [[Wy/ar/باتاغونيا|باتاغونيا]]، كما أن رؤيته حتى من [[Wy/ar/شبه الجزيرة القطبية الجنوبية|شبه الجزيرة القطبية الجنوبية]] ليست مرجحة كثيرًا. وأفضل مكان لرصده هو [[Wy/ar/بحر روس|بحر روس]] في القارة القطبية الجنوبية، عبر [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ماكواري|جزيرة ماكواري]] الأسترالية أو [[Wy/ar/جزر نيوزيلندا شبه القطبية الجنوبية|جزر نيوزيلندا شبه القطبية الجنوبية]]. وتكون المشاهدة الأفضل من السفينة نفسها. وأقرب جزيرة إلى الحزام الشفقي تتوفر فيها مجموعة جيدة من أماكن الإقامة السياحية هي [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ستيوارت|جزيرة ستيوارت]]. توجد رحلة جوية ليوم واحد من [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]] لمشاهدة الشفق الجنوبي (بسعر يبدأ من 1,295 دولارًا أستراليًا). تنطبق جميع الاعتبارات المتعلقة بزيادة فرص مشاهدة الشفق الشمالي على مشاهدة الشفق الجنوبي أيضًا، مع مراعاة انعكاس الفصول في نصف الكرة الجنوبي عند اختيار الفترة التي تتوفر فيها أطول ساعات الظلام. ==انظر أيضًا== * [[Wy/ar/علم الفلك|علم الفلك]] * [[Wy/ar/شمس منتصف الليل|شمس منتصف الليل]] — في خطوط العرض التي يسودها الظلام طوال اليوم شتاءً ويقصدها الناس لرؤية الشفق الشمالي، يستمر الضوء عادة طوال الليل صيفًا. {{Wy/ar/جزء|المعالم الطبيعية|القطب الشمالي}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] e9mxxzz2wbn438szcec09mhxfwd6b4k 7374677 7374675 2026-10-26T06:57:56Z Almajidy 2647497 /* الشفق الجنوبي */ 7374677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Northern Lights-banner1.jpg|الشفق القطبي}} '''الشفق القطبي الشمالي''' أو '''الوهج القطبي الشمالي'''أو '''الفلق''' أو '''''الأضواء الشمالية''''' ظاهرة طبيعية قد تلوّن سماء الليل بألوان ساحرة تبدو وكأنها من عالم آخر. ويحدث أيضًا '''الشفق القطبي الجنوبي''' أو '''''الأضواء الجنوبية'''''، لكنه أقل مشاهدة. يُعد الشفق ظاهرة متكررة بالنسبة إلى سكان خطوط العرض الشمالية القصوى، لكن كثيرًا ممن يعيشون في المناطق المعتدلة لم يروه قط، رغم إمكان ظهوره أحيانًا حتى خط العرض 35 درجة شمالًا. ستساعدك هذه المقالة على زيادة فرص مشاهدة الشفق إذا سافرت شمالًا. [[File:Aurora Borealis I.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق القطبي الشمالي قرب [[Wy/ar/ترومسو|ترومسو]]، [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]]]] ينشأ الشفق نتيجة جسيمات مشحونة تقذفها الشمس. وعندما تصل إلى الأرض، تصطدم بجزيئات الغاز في طبقات الغلاف الجوي العليا، فتمدّها بالطاقة وتُحدث عرضًا ضوئيًا مدهشًا متعدد الألوان. وتتأثر الجسيمات المشحونة بالمجالات المغناطيسية؛ لذلك يظهر الشفق أساسًا عند خطوط العرض الشمالية والجنوبية العالية قرب القطبين المغناطيسيين للأرض. يشبه الشفق إلى حد ما غروب الشمس في سماء الليل، لكنه يظهر أحيانًا على هيئة أقواس أو لوالب تتبع عادة المجال المغناطيسي للأرض. وكثيرًا ما يبدو كستائر متحركة من الضوء معلقة عاليًا في السماء. وأكثر ألوانه شيوعًا الأخضر الفاتح، وغالبًا ما تصاحبه مسحة وردية. وقد تتضمن العروض القوية لونين بنفسجيًا وأبيض. أما الشفق الأحمر فنادر، لكنه يُرصد أحيانًا. يكون الشفق عادة خافتًا نسبيًا، لكنه قد يسطع أحيانًا إلى درجة تسمح بقراءة صحيفة في ليلة بلا قمر. وتتفاوت شدة إضاءته ومدى ابتعاده عن القطبين تبعًا لثلاثة عوامل: وقت السنة، ودورة النشاط الشمسي التي تمتد 11 سنة، والعواصف الشمسية. وستُناقش هذه العوامل بالتفصيل لاحقًا. قد تحجب أضواء المدن الشفق الخافت؛ لذا يُفضَّل رصده في مناطق تبعد 30 كم على الأقل عن المدن. وتكمن الصعوبة في الابتعاد بما يكفي عن أضواء المدن لتحسين الرؤية، وهو أمر يسير عمومًا لأن معظم المناطق الشمالية قليلة السكان، ''دون'' تعريض نفسك لمخاطر غير ضرورية في مناخ قد يكون مميتًا. ==افهم== [[File:Map auroral oval mostly canada.png|thumb|200px|البيضاوي الشفقي الشمالي، 2007]] خلافًا لما قد يبدو بديهيًا، لا تقتصر مشاهدة الشفق الشمالي على التوجه نحو الشمال. فهو يحدث أساسًا ضمن حزام دائري أو بيضاوي يتمركز حول القطب الشمالي ''المغناطيسي'' للأرض، وهو ليس في موضع [[Wy/ar/القطب الشمالي|القطب الشمالي ''الجغرافي'']]. يتغير الموقع الدقيق للقطب الشمالي المغناطيسي. فحتى مطلع هذا القرن كان يتحرك ببطء، نحو 10 كم سنويًا، باتجاه الشمال عبر [[Wy/ar/جزيرة إليسمير|جزيرة إليسمير]] في أقصى شمال [[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]] شبه الخالي من السكان. ومنذ بداية القرن الحادي والعشرين تسارعت حركته لأسباب لم يتأكد العلماء منها بعد. وبحلول أواخر 2019 أصبح في المحيط المتجمد الشمالي شمال جزيرة إليسمير بكثير، متجهًا نحو روسيا بسرعة تقارب 55 كم سنويًا. وبسبب حركته، تقلصت مزايا الوجود في «الجانب الصحيح» من الأرض، وإن بقيت لأمريكا الشمالية أفضلية طفيفة في فرص مشاهدة الشفق. [[File:Aurora australis 20050911.jpg|thumb|200px|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من الفضاء]] لا تكون عروض الشفق في أقوى حالاتها ''عند'' القطب نفسه؛ فحزام النشاط الأشد يبعد عن القطب المغناطيسي بنحو 20 درجة، لأن خطوط القوة المغناطيسية منحنية ويؤدي انحناؤها إلى هذا الانزياح. ويشمل '''البيضاوي الشفقي الشمالي'''، أي المنطقة الأعلى احتمالًا لمشاهدة الشفق، معظم [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]] وشمال [[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]] والنصف الجنوبي من [[Wy/ar/غرينلاند|غرينلاند]] و[[Wy/ar/آيسلندا|آيسلندا]] وشمال [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]] وأقصى شمال [[Wy/ar/السويد|السويد]] و[[Wy/ar/فنلندا|فنلندا]]، إضافة إلى النصف الغربي من شمال روسيا. وهناك حزام بيضاوي مشابه في الجنوب؛ انظر الصورة. تشاهد مناطق مثل وسط [[Wy/ar/بلدان الشمال الأوروبي|بلدان الشمال الأوروبي]] وجنوبها، وجنوب كندا، ووسط شمال [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة]] و[[Wy/ar/اسكتلندا|اسكتلندا]] الشفق الشمالي كثيرًا أيضًا، لكن ليس بقدر المناطق الواقعة مباشرة تحت الحزام الشفقي. ويظهر الشفق في [[Wy/ar/سفالبارد|سفالبارد]] بوتيرة أقل مما هو عليه في شمال إسكندنافيا، لكنها مكان مناسب لرصد الشفق النهاري الأضعف الذي يمكن رؤيته خلال ساعات اليقظة في [[Wy/ar/الليل القطبي|الليل القطبي]] الطويل. ومع ذلك، تتفاوت خطوط العرض التي يظهر عندها الشفق تفاوتًا كبيرًا. ففي فترات النشاط الشمسي المرتفع، قد يُرى في أمريكا الشمالية عند خط عرض 35 درجة شمالًا، أي في جميع أنحاء الولايات المتحدة تقريبًا باستثناء أقصى جنوبها. ويجعل انزياح القطب تأثير العواصف الشمسية في أوروبا أقل قوة نسبيًا، لكن معظم بلدان شمال أوروبا ستشهد عروضًا خلال هذه العواصف. ==التخطيط== لا توجد ضمانة لمشاهدة الشفق حتى في أفضل المواقع والأوقات، وقد تسنح الفرصة في مناطق ومواسم أخرى. لكن قليلًا من التخطيط يزيد احتمالات نجاحك زيادة كبيرة. وباختصار، اختر مكانًا على الحزام الشفقي أو قريبًا جدًا منه، وسافر شتاءً. ===الوقت من السنة=== [[File:AuroraBuryatia.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق في إسكندنافيا]]<!-- ترتبط الصورة بقسم التصوير الفوتوغرافي؛ تحقق من الإشارة إليها إذا غيّرت العنوان أو الملف --> الظلام ضروري للمشاهدة. تقع معظم مناطق الشفق الشمالي على خطوط عرض مرتفعة تشهد [[Wy/ar/شمس منتصف الليل|شمس منتصف الليل]]، فلا يحل الظلام من أواخر أبريل إلى منتصف أغسطس، وربما لفترة أطول في أقصى الشمال مثل [[Wy/ar/سفالبارد|سفالبارد]]. وتشهد الأماكن الواقعة ضمن ثماني درجات عرض جنوب الدائرة القطبية الشمالية، مثل [[Wy/ar/يلونايف|يلونايف]] الكندية، «ليالي بيضاء» لا يفصل فيها بين الغسق والفجر إلا بضع ساعات من الشفق. ولا يمكن مشاهدة الشفق القطبي خلال هذه الفترة. في أكثر مناطق الشفق نشاطًا، الواقعة مباشرة على الحزام البيضاوي، يمكن رصده أحيانًا في أي فصل، لكن الفرص تكون أفضل عندما يحل الظلام بعد السادسة مساءً، من أواخر سبتمبر إلى أواخر مارس. يبلغ الشفق ذروته السنوية تقريبًا عند الاعتدالين في سبتمبر ومارس. ولا تُفهم أسباب هذا النمط بالكامل، لكنه حقيقي وليس مجرد أثر للأحوال الجوية أو ظروف الرؤية. وإذا كنت تنوي ممارسة أنشطة نهارية أخرى، فهذا وقت مناسب للزيارة، إذ يمكنك الاستمتاع باثنتي عشرة ساعة من ضوء النهار مع الاحتفاظ بفرصة جيدة لرؤية الشفق ليلًا. كما تكون درجات الحرارة ألطف من منتصف الشتاء. ===الوقت من اليوم=== الفترة من السادسة مساءً إلى الواحدة صباحًا هي الأكثر نشاطًا، وتبلغ احتمالات الرؤية ذروتها بين العاشرة والحادية عشرة مساءً. لكن هذه قاعدة إرشادية فقط؛ ففي الليل القطبي قد يُشاهد الشفق بدءًا من الرابعة عصرًا وطوال الليل. وتستمر أقوى العروض نحو 5 إلى 15 دقيقة لكل منها. وخلال فترات النشاط الشديد، يمكن توقع بدء التوهجات في أول المساء، وبلوغها الذروة نحو العاشرة ليلًا، واستمرارها حتى الساعات الأولى من الصباح. حتى مع الملابس الجيدة، يصعب على معظم المسافرين تحمل البقاء طويلًا خارجًا في ليلة قطبية، إذ تزداد البرودة عادة من الغروب حتى تبدأ شمس الصباح بتدفئة الجو. وحتى لو ظهر الشفق في أول المساء، فقد يكون من الأفضل الخروج نحو التاسعة مساءً بالتوقيت الشمسي، مع مراعاة منطقتك الزمنية؛ فذلك يمنحك فرصة جيدة لرؤية ذروة العرض دون البقاء طويلًا في الخارج أو التعرض لأبرد ساعات الليل. ===دورة السنوات الإحدى عشرة=== ترتبط عروض الشفق على المدى الطويل بدورة تمتد 11 عامًا في نشاط البقع الشمسية والاضطرابات الشمسية الأخرى؛ فكلما زاد اضطراب الشمس، زادت عروض الشفق. ومع ذلك، تظل رؤيته مرجحة عند خطوط العرض الأكثر ملاءمة حتى في الحد الأدنى للنشاط الشمسي؛ إذ يندر أساسًا عند خطوط العرض المنخفضة خلال فترات الخمول. وتوجد ذروة في النشاط الشمسي نحو عام 2024. ===العواصف الشمسية=== إضافة إلى التغيرات شبه المنتظمة في تواتر الشفق، توجد عروض غير متوقعة وغير منتظمة تنجم عن '''العواصف الشمسية'''. وقد يؤدي بعضها، ولا سيما قرب ذروة النشاط الشمسي، إلى رؤية الشفق شماليًا في مناطق بعيدة إلى الجنوب على نحو لافت، بشرط صفاء سماء الليل. ووقعت أكبر عاصفة شمسية مسجلة عام 1859، وكان الشفق ساطعًا بما يكفي لقراءة صحيفة في [[Wy/ar/بوسطن|بوسطن]] (42° شمالًا)، وشوهد حتى المكسيك جنوبًا. وكانت العاصفة قوية إلى حد أن أجهزة التلغراف عملت دون مصدر طاقتها المعتاد، واشتعلت النيران في بعضها. ومن المرجح أن تتسبب عاصفة مماثلة بأضرار جسيمة لمعظم الأجهزة الإلكترونية. سيساعدك قسم [[Wy/ar/#التنبيهات|التنبيهات]] أدناه على متابعة النشاط الشمسي والاستعداد للمشاهدة عند حدوث عاصفة شمسية. ===صفاء السماء=== أخيرًا، لا تنسَ '''توقعات الطقس'''؛ فالشفق يحدث في طبقات عالية جدًا من الغلاف الجوي، وإذا اعترضته السحب فلن ترى شيئًا. وفي شمال إسكندنافيا، يكون الطقس أفضل بوضوح قرب نهاية موسم الشفق (فبراير ومارس) منه في بدايته. ولعل الطقس أهم عامل للنجاح في المناطق الواقعة تحت الحزام الشفقي، حيث يمكن رؤية الشفق في ما يصل إلى 80% من الليالي الصافية. ==استعد== ===التنبيهات=== إذا كنت قادرًا على السفر إلى مناطق مشاهدة الشفق في مهلة قصيرة، فيمكنك زيادة فرصتك بمتابعة «طقس الفضاء»، أي الظواهر التي تحدث خارج الغلاف الجوي للأرض نتيجة النشاط الشمسي. [[File:Aurora australis ISS 20120715.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من محطة الفضاء الدولية، ويظهر الذراع الروبوتية الكندية في المقدمة]] يوفر موقع [http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ الإدارة الوطنية الأمريكية للمحيطات والغلاف الجوي] (NOAA) معلومات جيدة عن طقس الفضاء. وتُستخدم قياسات أقمارها التشغيلية البيئية ذات المدار القطبي لرسم خرائط لامتداد الحزام الشفقي الحالي وموقعه حول القطبين؛ انظر [https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/aurora-30-minute-forecast توقعاتها] التي تتنبأ بشدة الشفق وموقعه الجغرافي بالاعتماد على ظروف الرياح الشمسية والمجال المغناطيسي بين الكواكب بصورة شبه فورية. وتُظهر الخرائط أيضًا حدود مناطق الرؤية الحالية. ويقدم الموقع التجاري [http://www.spaceweather.com/ سبيس ويذر] كثيرًا من المعلومات نفسها بصورة مختصرة وأسهل فهمًا. تدير جامعة ألاسكا في فيربانكس موقع [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/AuroraForecast تنبيهات الشفق]. وبالنسبة إلى فنلندا، يقدم معهد الأرصاد الجوية الفنلندي [http://aurorasnow.fmi.fi/public_service/ توقعات النشاط] وبيانات حالية عن النشاط المغناطيسي. ويقدم مكتب الأرصاد الجوية الآيسلندي [http://en.vedur.is/weather/forecasts/aurora/ توقعات الشفق] في آيسلندا، بما في ذلك توقعات الغطاء السحابي. تُستمد التوقعات أساسًا من قراءات قمري ناسا «مستكشف التركيب المتقدم» (ACE) و«مرصد مناخ الفضاء العميق» (DSCOVR)، اللذين يقدمان إنذارًا مبكرًا بنحو ساعة. ويُوصف نشاط الرياح الشمسية بثلاثة مقاييس رئيسية: المركبة الشمالية-الجنوبية للمجال المغناطيسي (Bz)، والسرعة، والكثافة. وعندما تكون قيمة Bz سالبة، أي باتجاه الجنوب، تتمكن جسيمات الرياح الشمسية من دخول الغلاف الجوي بسهولة أكبر وإحداث الشفق. وقد يحدث نشاط شفقي عند السرعات العالية حتى لو كانت قيمة Bz سالبة باعتدال. وخلال العواصف الجيومغناطيسية تتقلب Bz سريعًا. ويُعبَّر عن النشاط الجيومغناطيسي العام بمؤشر K الكوكبي (Kp)، الذي تصدر له توقعات. وتشير قيمة Kp البالغة 5 أو أكثر إلى عواصف تجعل رؤية الشفق ممكنة عادة إلى الجنوب من الحزام البيضاوي، في شمال أوروبا والأجزاء الشمالية من [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة القارية]]. يمكن إعداد تقديرات أطول أمدًا بمراقبة الانفجارات على الشمس. لكن النماذج الفيزيائية لا تزال محدودة التطور، ويعود ذلك جزئيًا إلى أن القمرين ACE وDSCOVR وحدهما يراقبان الرياح الشمسية قبل وصولها إلى الأرض، لذا لا تتمتع التوقعات بموثوقية عالية. ويمكن التنبؤ باليوم التقريبي، لكن يظل غير معروف ما إذا كانت الدفقة ستصطدم بالأرض مباشرة، ومتى ستصل بالضبط، وبأي قوة. وتُجرى «التوقعات الآنية» على الأرض بقياس تقلبات المجال المغناطيسي، كما توجد كاميرات ويب موجهة نحو السماء لرؤية الشفق مباشرة. وتقيس أقمار ناسا القطبية والبيئية (POES) امتداد الحزام الشفقي مباشرة، لكنها تمر فوق القطب نحو 14 مرة يوميًا، ولذلك قد تكون الصور قديمة ببضع ساعات. إذا نشأت عاصفة شمسية كبيرة يُتوقع أن تنتج عنها أضواء شمالية أو جنوبية، فستكون مهلة الاستجابة من ساعات إلى بضعة أيام، لا دقائق ولا أسابيع. فالجسيمات المسببة للشفق تتحرك أبطأ بكثير من الضوء، لذا يمكن رصد العاصفة قبل وصول جسيماتها إلى الأرض بوقت، لكن الفارق ليس كبيرًا جدًا. وتتضمن التوقعات عادة إشارة إلى مدى امتداد النشاط بعيدًا عن القطبين المغناطيسيين. ولأغراض التخطيط للسفر، يُستحسن التحفظ واختيار مكان أقرب قليلًا إلى القطب من أقصى امتداد متوقع للشفق؛ فالتوقعات لا تصيب دائمًا، وقد يكون الشفق ضعيفًا نسبيًا أو محصورًا قرب الأفق الشمالي إذا كنت عند الحافة الجنوبية لمنطقة النشاط، مما قد يصعّب رؤيته بسبب التلوث الضوئي. ===الملابس=== [[File:Størmer and Birkeland Alta 1910.jpg|thumb|400px|مصورون يتجمدون من البرد، النرويج، 1910]] لأن الشفق يُرى عادة ليلًا في الأشهر الأبرد، يمضي المراقبون ساعات طويلة في الظلام والبرد. ومن الضروري ارتداء ملابس مناسبة لتخفيف الجانب المزعج من التجربة، ويكاد يكون من المستحيل أن ترتدي ملابس دافئة أكثر من اللازم. تتوفر الملابس الشتوية على نطاق واسع في أي منطقة تشهد شتاءً قاسيًا، لكن المتاجر المتخصصة التي تخدم [[Wy/ar/التزلج|المتزلجين]] و[[Wy/ar/تسلق الجبال|متسلقي الجبال]] و[[Wy/ar/الترحال بحقيبة الظهر في البرية|المتنزهين في البرية]] تقدم عادة أفضل الخيارات. وفي المناطق الأبعد جنوبًا قد تكون هذه المتاجر المكان الوحيد للحصول على تجهيزات الشتاء. في المناطق الشمالية النائية التي يجب نقل الطعام والوقود والمعدات إليها، ''قد تكون أسعار كل شيء تقريبًا مرتفعة جدًا''. وتميل المدن الشمالية الكبرى إلى تقديم أسعار أفضل من المناطق المعزولة، وإن بقيت أعلى من الأسعار في الجنوب. وينبغي لمعظم المسافرين شراء كثير من معداتهم قبل الانطلاق، مما يتيح وقتًا أطول للتسوق ويوفر المال ويجنب الوصول بملابس صيفية عندما يكون الجو شديد البرودة. قد يحتاج بعض المسافرين إلى التوقف للتسوق في مدينة إضافية؛ فمن يسافر مثلًا من ميامي، حيث يصعب العثور على تجهيزات شتوية جيدة، لرؤية الشفق في [[Wy/ar/تشرشل|تشرشل]]، حيث تكون المعدات مرتفعة الثمن والخيارات محدودة، يمكنه التوقف في [[Wy/ar/شيكاغو|شيكاغو]] أو [[Wy/ar/تورونتو|تورونتو]] أو [[Wy/ar/وينيبيغ|وينيبيغ]] لشراء ما يحتاج إليه. للحصول على معلومات محددة عن الملابس الشتوية، انظر [[Wy/ar/الطقس البارد#الملابس|الطقس البارد]]. وتذكر أنك ستحتاج إلى استخدام أصابعك، لذا قد يفيد الجمع بين القفازات العادية والقفازات ذات الأصابع المجمعة. ===التصوير الفوتوغرافي=== التقاط صور جيدة للشفق الشمالي '''صعب جدًا'''، لأنه سريع الحركة وغالبًا خافت ويظهر أمام خلفية حالكة الظلام، وهي ظروف تربك الكاميرات المدمجة العادية. ويمكن تقريبًا لأي [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة|كاميرا بعدسات قابلة للتبديل]] إنجاز المهمة إذا زُوّدت بعدسة مناسبة، لكن العدسة الأساسية التي تُباع معها عادة لن تكون سريعة بما يكفي، وربما لن تكون واسعة الزاوية بما يكفي أيضًا. {{Wy/ar/Infobox|الأطوال البؤرية للعدسات|عند الحديث عن الطول البؤري، نفترض استخدام كاميرا فيلم 35 مم أو كاميرا رقمية ذات مستشعر كامل الإطار. وتختلف الأرقام الفعلية في الكاميرات الأخرى، لكن يُشار غالبًا إلى «المكافئ لتنسيق 35 مم».}} غالبًا ما يلزم تعريض ضوئي طويل لتصوير الشفق الخافت. وإليك ما تحتاج إليه لتحظى بفرصة جيدة: * كاميرا تدعم '''التحكم اليدوي في التعريض''' (من 5 إلى 40 ثانية). * '''عدسة سريعة''' بفتحة f/2.8 أو أوسع. وتُستخدم عادة [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة#العدسات واسعة الزاوية|عدسة واسعة الزاوية]] لتغطية مساحة كبيرة من السماء. * '''فيلم عالي الحساسية''' (800 ASA أو أكثر)، أو إعداد ISO مكافئ في الكاميرا الرقمية. * '''حامل ثلاثي''' لتثبيت الكاميرا أثناء التعريض الطويل. * '''سلك تحرير الغالق أو مؤقت ذاتي''' لالتقاط الصور دون تحريك الكاميرا. : والأفضل من ذلك أن بعض الكاميرات تدعم '''التحكم عن بعد'''. ويمكن التحكم في بعض الكاميرات لاسلكيًا بواسطة '''هاتف ذكي'''، لكن القليل من الهواتف مصمم لتحمل تلك الظروف. * '''التركيز اليدوي'''. لا يُنصح بضبط العدسة على اللانهاية فحسب، بل الأفضل توجيهها نحو القمر أو نجم ساطع، ويفضل باستخدام وضع العرض المباشر وأقصى تكبير. * '''بطاريات وبطاقات ذاكرة احتياطية''' متعددة؛ فوجودها وحده يضمن أنك لن تحتاج إليها! احتفظ بالبطاريات الاحتياطية دافئة. * ما لا تحتاج إليه هو '''مرشح العدسة'''؛ فقد يسبب انعكاسات غير مرغوبة، لذا من الأفضل نزعه. [[File:Aurora shapes.jpg|thumb|405x405px|صور بكاميرا Canon EOS 400D، حساسية ISO 1600، فتحة f/2.8، تعريض 4–30 ثانية، وعدسة 17 مم (تعادل 24 مم على الإطار الكامل).]] يُستحسن التصوير بالكاميرا الرقمية بصيغة RAW، أو على الأقل JPG + RAW؛ فإذا حدث خلل أثناء التصوير، ستكون لديك مرونة أكبر في تصحيحه خلال المعالجة اللاحقة. تجنب التنفس على العدسة أو معين المنظر أو الشاشة كي لا يتكون الصقيع عليها. وقد يفيد مصباح يدوي أو مصباح رأس عند إعداد الكاميرا والحامل الثلاثي، كما يفيد الهاتف الذكي في تلقي التنبيهات والتوقعات. لكن ينبغي أن تعتاد عيناك الظلام، لذا قلل استخدام هذه الأجهزة واضبط شاشتي الهاتف والكاميرا على أدنى مستوى سطوع. الموقع المثالي خالٍ من التلوث الضوئي، ويوفر بعض الحماية من الرياح، ويسهل الوصول إليه. ففي ليلة قطبية باردة، لن ترغب بالتأكيد في حمل الكاميرا والحامل لمسافة طويلة أو الانتظار في الرياح لالتقاط الصورة المناسبة. كما أن الرياح تهز الكاميرا، مما يسبب مشكلة عند التعريض الطويل. ويساعد حامل أكبر وأكثر ثباتًا، لكنه أصعب حملًا. وإن أمكن، استكشف المكان نهارًا لتصل مباشرة إلى موقع جيد ليلًا. وقد لا تجد مكانًا مثاليًا، لكن حتى الموقع المقبول قد يعطي صورًا أفضل مع قدر أقل من المشقة. حاول أيضًا تضمين عنصر مثير للاهتمام في مقدمة الصورة؛ فـ[[Wy/ar/#أوروبا|الصورة النرويجية أدناه]] مثال جيد. وقد تبدو صورة السماء والثلج وحدهما مملة بعض الشيء حتى لو كان الشفق رائعًا. يمكن استخدام عدسة زوم متغيرة الطول البؤري أو عدسة ثابتة الطول البؤري؛ ولكل منهما مزايا. فعدسات الزوم أكثر مرونة، إذ تتيح تعديل الإطار سريعًا وفق حجم عرض الشفق. أما العدسات الثابتة فعادة أسرع بكثير وأخف وزنًا وأصغر حجمًا، وغالبًا ما تعطي صورة أشد حدة من عدسة زوم عند الطول البؤري نفسه. [[File:Aurora borealis over Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق القطبي الشمالي في [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]]]<!-- تُذكر الصورة في النص؛ تحقق من الإشارة إذا نقلتها أو استبدلتها --> تُعد [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة#العدسات واسعة الزاوية|العدسات واسعة الزاوية]] الخيار الأكثر شيوعًا لتصوير الشفق. وهي تسبب بعض التشوه، وقد تنتج في الحالات القصوى صور «عين السمكة». التُقطت الصورة على اليمين بعدسة 16 مم؛ فيبدو الأفق منحنيًا والأشجار في المقدمة مائلة قليلًا عن الوضع الرأسي، لكن بعض المشاهدين قد لا يلاحظون التشوه، وقليلون سيجدونه مزعجًا. واستُخدمت في [[Wy/ar/#الوقت من السنة|الصورة الإسكندنافية أعلاه]] عدسة أوسع زوايةً، فتظهر تشوهات أكثر. وتقلل عدسة أطول قليلًا، ربما 24 مم، التشوه لكنها تغطي مساحة أقل من السماء. وهنا تتميز عدسات الزوم على العدسات الثابتة؛ فبعدسة زوم 16–35 مم مثلًا يمكنك تعديل كل لقطة لتحقيق أفضل توازن بين التشوه والتغطية. وفي ظروف أخرى قد تحمل عدة عدسات ثابتة وتبدلها، لكن ذلك غير عملي إلى حد كبير في ليلة قطبية. تتيح العدسة الأسرع أو إعداد ISO المرتفع تقليل زمن التعريض، وهذا مفيد. فقد استُخدمت في الصورة على اليمين عدسة F2.8 وتعريض مدته 25 ثانية. ولو كانت العدسة F4 لاحتاجت إلى 50 ثانية، أي عند الحد الأعلى للتصوير العملي أو بعده. أما عدسة F1.4 فتقلل الزمن إلى نحو ست ثوانٍ، ومن المرجح أن تنتج صورة أوضح لأن الشفق يتحرك مسافة أقل خلال التعريض، وتمنح تحكمًا أفضل باللقطة؛ فإذا ضغطت الغالق عندما يبدو المشهد مثيرًا، فمن الأرجح أن يظل كذلك بضع ثوانٍ بدلًا من فترة أطول. وهنا تتميز العدسات الثابتة لأنها غالبًا أسرع بكثير من عدسات الزوم. وإذا جمعت بين عدسة سريعة وكاميرا تسمح بإعدادات ISO عالية، فقد تتمكن من خفض زمن التعريض إلى أقل من ثانية، لكن ذلك لا يضمن صورة أفضل. فإعدادات ISO العالية تزيد التشويش في الصورة، وقد تخسر بسبب ذلك أكثر مما تكسبه من تقصير التعريض. العدسات الواسعة السريعة باهظة الثمن. ففي منتصف 2013، عند مراجعة عدسات كانون كاملة الإطار لدى بائع أمريكي، كانت أرخص العدسات التي قد تصلح لتصوير الشفق عدسة 40 مم F2.8 بنحو 150 دولارًا أو 35 مم F2.0 بنحو 300 دولار؛ وهي ليست واسعة بما يكفي لتكون مثالية، لكنها قابلة للاستخدام، وما هو أفضل منها أغلى ثمنًا. ومن الخيارات المعتادة لمن يملك مجموعة عدسات جيدة أو ميزانية مناسبة: 20 أو 24 مم F2.8، أو 28 مم F1.8، أو زوم 17–40 مم F4، بأسعار تتراوح بين 450 و750 دولارًا. وقد تكون العدسة المثالية ثابتة 24 مم F1.4 أو زوم 16–35 مم F2.8، لكنهما من المنتجات الراقية الموجهة أساسًا للمحترفين، وسعر كل منهما نحو 1500 دولار. وتعد عدسة فائقة الاتساع 14 مم F2.8 خيارًا ممتازًا؛ وبينما يزيد سعر النسخ ذات التركيز التلقائي على 2000 دولار، تتوفر نسخ ذات تركيز يدوي بسعر أقل بكثير. وللعلامات التجارية الأخرى منتجات وأسعار مختلفة، لكن النمط العام مشابه. كما تصنع شركات غير مصنّعي الكاميرات عدسات، مع استمرار النمط نفسه. انظر [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر|تصوير السفر]] لمزيد من المعلومات العامة. ==المواقع== [[File:Rovaniemi - Aurora Borealis.jpg|thumb|الشفق في [[Wy/ar/روفانييمي|روفانييمي]]، [[Wy/ar/فنلندا|فنلندا]]]] يتكون الشفق الشمالي عادة على ارتفاع نحو 100 كم (60 ميلًا) فوق سطح الأرض. ومن حيث المبدأ، تُعد جميع المناطق الواقعة تحت الحزام الشفقي مواقع جيدة للرصد، لكن معظمها ناءٍ وصعب الوصول ويتسم بظروف مناخية قاسية. عند اختيار موقع للمشاهدة: * إذا كنت تستخدم سيارة، فابقَ قريبًا منها. فمدفأة السيارة العادية لا تستطيع في الواقع إبقاء مركبة معدنية كبيرة دافئة عندما تنخفض الحرارة الخارجية كثيرًا دون الصفر، لكنها أفضل من لا شيء، كما توفر السيارة مأوى من الرياح. وفي البرد الشديد جدًا، اترك المحرك يعمل حتى عندما تبتعد عن السيارة، فقد يصعب تشغيله مجددًا. * حاول العثور على مكان إقامة في منطقة معروفة بملاءمتها لمشاهدة الشفق، مثل كوخ أو ملجأ في البرية أو خيمة مدفأة أو مأوى مشابه. فهذا يجنبك القيادة لمسافات طويلة في وقت متأخر من الليل للوصول إلى موقع الرصد والعودة منه. * تجنب التلوث الضوئي وابتعد عن المناطق المأهولة. وإذا تعذر ذلك، فحاول على الأقل أن يكون الأفق الشمالي خاليًا من الأضواء. * تجنب المنحدرات الجبلية الشديدة أو غيرها من العوائق الكبيرة جهة الشمال. فكر في إحضار خيمة أو حاجز رياح متنقل لتوفير بعض الحماية من الرياح، وكذلك قوارير حرارية لحفظ المشروبات الساخنة. قد يكون الاستعانة بمرشد محلي أو الاشتراك في جولة منظمة لمشاهدة الشفق أو تصويره أمرًا يستحق التكلفة. فمعرفة المرشد المحلية تساعد في التعامل مع الطقس، والعثور على المواقع الجيدة، واختيار المسارات المناسبة، وتجنب اللقاءات القريبة مع [[Wy/ar/الحياة البرية الخطرة|الحيوانات البرية الخطرة]] مثل الدببة القطبية وثيران المسك. كما تمتلك شركات الجولات مركبات ومعدات ملائمة للظروف. وقد يتعذر استئجار مركبة أو إحضار مركبتك الخاصة في المناطق النائية، وحتى إن أمكن ذلك فلا يُنصح به ما لم يكن السائق والمركبة مستعدين جيدًا لـ[[Wy/ar/القيادة الشتوية|القيادة الشتوية]]. وتوفر بعض الجولات وسائل نقل غير مألوفة مثل عربات الثلج الآلية أو الزلاجات التي تجرها الكلاب أو الرنة أو الخيول؛ ولا يستطيع إلا قليل من السياح قيادة هذه الوسائل بأمان، ومن غير المرجح أن يسمح أصحاب الحيوانات القيّمة للزوار بقيادتها دون إشراف. توفر مواقع عديدة نوعًا من البنية السياحية، كالجولات ونقاط المراقبة وغيرها. وفيما يلي بعض أبرز المواقع مرتبة تقريبًا من الغرب إلى الشرق: ===أمريكا الشمالية=== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الشتاء في أمريكا الشمالية}} [[File:Flickr - DVIDSHUB - Alaska Aurora Borealis (Image 1 of 2).jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق في [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]]] * [[Wy/ar/فيربانكس|فيربانكس]]، ألاسكا: تشتهر بمشاهدة الشفق، وتضم جولات ومواقع كثيرة لخدمة المهتمين به. * [[Wy/ar/يلونايف|يلونايف]]، في الأقاليم الشمالية الغربية بكندا، وتتوفر فيها جولات عديدة أيضًا. * [[Wy/ar/تشرشل|تشرشل]]، على خليج هدسون في مانيتوبا، تقع في قلب الحزام الشفقي مباشرة، وتتيح فرصة مشاهدة أعداد كبيرة من الدببة القطبية خلال الرحلة نفسها. * [[Wy/ar/منتزه جزيرة رويال الوطني|منتزه جزيرة رويال الوطني]]، في شمال ميشيغان، منتزه يتبع مبدأ عدم ترك أثر، ولا يقدم جولات وتوجد فيه مرافق قليلة. وهو من أفضل الأماكن في الولايات الأمريكية المتجاورة الثماني والأربعين لرؤية الشفق، لبعده شمالًا وغياب التلوث الضوئي. ===جزر شمال الأطلسي=== * [[Wy/ar/كانغيرلوسواك|كانغيرلوسواك]]، غرينلاند: فرصة مشاهدة الشفق فيها مرتفعة جدًا من نوفمبر إلى مارس. وإذا رغبت في ركوب زلاجات الكلاب أو عربات الثلج الآلية، فيُفضل منتصف الشتاء إلى أواخره. * [[Wy/ar/ميفاتن|ميفاتن]]، آيسلندا: تتيح تجربة فريدة لمشاهدة الشفق أثناء الاسترخاء في حمام حراري أرضي طبيعي. وتُعد العاصمة [[Wy/ar/ريكيافيك|ريكيافيك]] قاعدة لكثير من الجولات. * [[Wy/ar/بيرنيراي|بيرنيراي]]، هبريدس الخارجية: توفر هذه الجزيرة الاسكتلندية النائية ظروفًا مناسبة لرصد الشفق الشمالي بسبب انخفاض التلوث الضوئي. ===أوروبا=== [[File:Aurora over Haja-3,2.jpg|thumb|قرب ترومسو، النرويج]]<!-- ترتبط الصورة بقسم التصوير؛ تحقق من الإشارة إليها عند تغيير العنوان أو الملف --> {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الشتاء في بلدان الشمال الأوروبي}} * [[Wy/ar/أبيسكو|أبيسكو]]، شمال السويد: وجهة شهيرة يمكن مشاهدة الشفق فيها من محطة «أورورا سكاي» أعلى جبل نووليا. * [[Wy/ar/ترومسو|ترومسو]]، شمال النرويج: يسهل الوصول إليها، وطقسها معتدل نسبيًا وتضم رحلات عديدة. لكن موقعها الساحلي يجعلها عرضة للغيوم. وتتمتع [[Wy/ar/سكيبوتن|سكيبوتن]] القريبة بمناخ أكثر جفافًا، بل شديد الجفاف بالنسبة للنرويج، مما يحسن فرص الرؤية. وتقع [[Wy/ar/سينيا|سينيا]] أيضًا في الجوار. * [[Wy/ar/ألتا|ألتا]]، في النرويج إلى الشمال الشرقي، والمعروفة بنقوشها الصخرية من عصور ما قبل التاريخ، تُسوَّق أيضًا بوصفها مكانًا لمشاهدة الشفق. وهي موطن أول مرصد للشفق الشمالي، الذي ارتبط برواد مثل كريستيان بيركلاند وأوله أندرياس كروغنيس وسيم سيلاند. ويقع [https://www.halde.no/ مرصد هالده وتالفيكتوبن] على ارتفاع 914 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر شمال غرب ألتا. * [[Wy/ar/يوكاسيارفي|يوكاسيارفي]]، شمال السويد: موقع فندق الجليد الأصلي، وتتوفر فيه بنية ممتازة لمشاهدة الشفق. * [[Wy/ar/كيلبيسيارفي|كيلبيسيارفي]] و[[Wy/ar/إيناري|إيناري]] و[[Wy/ar/أوتسيوكي|أوتسيوكي]] في لابلاند الفنلندية، وتتميز جميعها بطقس جاف نسبيًا وقليل من التلوث الضوئي.<!-- نيليم قرية أخرى بعيدة عن التلوث الضوئي؛ أضفها عند إنشاء مقالة عنها. --> وتوفر منتجعات التزلج [[Wy/ar/ساريسيلكا|ساريسيلكا]] في إيناري و[[Wy/ar/ليفي|ليفي]] في كيتيلا إقامة في أكواخ زجاجية شبيهة بالإيغلو صُممت خصيصًا للاستمتاع بالشفق. * شبه جزيرة كولا في [[Wy/ar/مقاطعة مورمانسك|مقاطعة مورمانسك]]، وهي أشهر مواقع المشاهدة في روسيا. تنخفض احتمالات رؤية الشفق سريعًا كلما اتجهت جنوبًا. ففي [[Wy/ar/هلسنكي|هلسنكي]]، يظهر الشفق نحو مرة واحدة شهريًا، وغالبًا ما تحجبه أضواء المدينة أو السحب. وقد تكون العروض التي تُرى بعيدًا عن الحزام الشفقي أقل سطوعًا وألوانًا بكثير. ===السفن السياحية=== من الطرق الفاخرة لرؤية الشفق القيام برحلة على متن [[Wy/ar/سفينة سياحية|سفينة سياحية]] بمحاذاة ساحل [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]] أو [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]، أو باتجاه [[Wy/ar/القارة القطبية الجنوبية|القارة القطبية الجنوبية]] لرؤية الشفق الجنوبي في الموسم المناسب. وتكون الرحلات البحرية باهظة عادة، لكن تكلفتها قد تكون معقولة مقارنة بالسفر جوًا إلى موقع جيد على اليابسة ودفع تكاليف الإقامة والجولات هناك. كما أن مشاهدة الشفق بمجرد الخروج إلى سطح السفينة بعد العشاء أسهل كثيرًا من الذهاب بالسيارة للوقوف في الثلج، واحتمال مواجهة حيوانات برية خطرة أقل. لكن توجد صعوبات؛ فلا تعمل جميع شركات الرحلات البحرية شتاءً، كما أن التقاط صور جيدة من سفينة متحركة ''بالغ الصعوبة'' عندما يحتاج الموضوع إلى تعريضات طويلة، كما هو الحال غالبًا مع الشفق. وإذا لم تكن الرحلة مخصصة لمشاهدة الشفق، فقد يكون التلوث الضوئي الصادر عن السفينة نفسها مشكلة. ===أثناء الطيران=== يحظى كثير من المسافرين في خطوط العرض الشمالية بمشهد للشفق من الجو. وربما ليس من الواقعي ''التخطيط'' لرؤيته من الطائرة، لكن إذا كنت تسافر كثيرًا في أقصى الشمال، ففكر في اختيار مقعد بجوار النافذة على الجانب الشمالي من الطائرة. وإذا كان العرض رائعًا بما يكفي، فعادة ما يعلن عنه قائد الطائرة. وإذا ظننت أن الرحلات البحرية باهظة الثمن، فلن ترغب غالبًا في الصعود إلى '''[[Wy/ar/الفضاء|الفضاء]]'''؛ فرحلة مدارية بتكلفة نحو 35 مليون دولار للشخص تكاد تضمن رؤية الشفق الشمالي والجنوبي معًا دون أي تداخل ضوئي، ومن منظور مذهل! ==الشفق الجنوبي== [[File:Aurora Australis Over the Tasman Sea from SouthWest National Park.jpg|thumb|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من شاطئ نيو هاربور النائي في منتزه الجنوب الغربي الوطني بتسمانيا]] يحدث الشفق في حزام بيضاوي حول القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي كما يحدث حول القطب الشمالي، وينزاح القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي بدوره عن [[Wy/ar/القطب الجنوبي|القطب الجنوبي]] الجغرافي. ويستفيد الراغبون في مشاهدة '''الشفق الجنوبي''' أو '''''الأورورا أوستراليس''''' من مصادفة سعيدة، وهي أن انزياح القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي يكون عمومًا باتجاه [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]]، رغم أن القطب نفسه لا يزال في [[Wy/ar/القارة القطبية الجنوبية|القارة القطبية الجنوبية]] مثل القطب الجغرافي. ولذلك تحصل المناطق الجنوبية من أستراليا و[[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] على عروض شفقيّة أكثر مما يُتوقع من خطوط عرضها. وتُعد [[Wy/ar/تسمانيا|تسمانيا]] و[[Wy/ar/الجزيرة الجنوبية|الجزيرة الجنوبية]] في نيوزيلندا على وجه الخصوص مكانين يمكن رؤية الشفق فيهما مرات عدة سنويًا. وإذا كانت الظروف ملائمة، فإن [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]] و[[Wy/ar/إنفركارغيل|إنفركارغيل]] تقدمان أفضل الفرص في أماكن يسهل الوصول إليها من داخل أستراليا ونيوزيلندا. ورغم أن خط العرض الجغرافي لمدينة [[Wy/ar/كرايستشيرش|كرايستشيرش]] يقع جنوب [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]]، فإن «خط عرضها الجيومغناطيسي» يقع إلى الشمال أكثر، ولذلك لا تزيد احتمالات ظهور الشفق فيها على احتمالات ظهوره في جنوب [[Wy/ar/فيكتوريا (ولاية)|فيكتوريا]]. تحقق من طقس الفضاء أثناء سفرك. [[File:AuroraAustralisDisplay.jpg|thumb|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من [[Wy/ar/ويلينغتون|ويلينغتون]]، [[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]]]] تقع جميع هذه المواقع خارج الحزام الشفقي نفسه، ولذلك ليست فرص مشاهدة الشفق خلال زيارتك إليها مرتفعة. وبسبب ميل الحزام نحو نصف الكرة الشرقي، لا يُعقل توقع رؤيته من [[Wy/ar/باتاغونيا|باتاغونيا]]، كما أن رؤيته حتى من [[Wy/ar/شبه الجزيرة القطبية الجنوبية|شبه الجزيرة القطبية الجنوبية]] ليست مرجحة كثيرًا. وأفضل مكان لرصده هو [[Wy/ar/بحر روس|بحر روس]] في القارة القطبية الجنوبية، عبر [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ماكواري|جزيرة ماكواري]] الأسترالية أو [[Wy/ar/جزر نيوزيلندا شبه القطبية الجنوبية|جزر نيوزيلندا شبه القطبية الجنوبية]]. وتكون المشاهدة الأفضل من السفينة نفسها. وأقرب جزيرة إلى الحزام الشفقي تتوفر فيها مجموعة جيدة من أماكن الإقامة السياحية هي [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ستيوارت|جزيرة ستيوارت]]. توجد رحلة جوية ليوم واحد من [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]] لمشاهدة الشفق الجنوبي (بسعر يبدأ من 1,295 دولارًا أستراليًا). تنطبق جميع الاعتبارات المتعلقة بزيادة فرص مشاهدة الشفق الشمالي على مشاهدة الشفق الجنوبي أيضًا، مع مراعاة انعكاس الفصول في نصف الكرة الجنوبي عند اختيار الفترة التي تتوفر فيها أطول ساعات الظلام. ==انظر أيضًا== * [[Wy/ar/علم الفلك|علم الفلك]] * [[Wy/ar/شمس منتصف الليل|شمس منتصف الليل]] — في خطوط العرض التي يسودها الظلام طوال اليوم شتاءً ويقصدها الناس لرؤية الشفق الشمالي، يستمر الضوء عادة طوال الليل صيفًا. {{Wy/ar/جزء|المعالم الطبيعية|القطب الشمالي}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] 7iuryx9rpvn6txdyfcij41ep3donrgt 7374678 7374677 2026-10-26T06:58:28Z Almajidy 2647497 إضافة روابط إنترويكي إلى [[d:Q40609]] 7374678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Northern Lights-banner1.jpg|الشفق القطبي}} '''الشفق القطبي الشمالي''' أو '''الوهج القطبي الشمالي'''أو '''الفلق''' أو '''''الأضواء الشمالية''''' ظاهرة طبيعية قد تلوّن سماء الليل بألوان ساحرة تبدو وكأنها من عالم آخر. ويحدث أيضًا '''الشفق القطبي الجنوبي''' أو '''''الأضواء الجنوبية'''''، لكنه أقل مشاهدة. يُعد الشفق ظاهرة متكررة بالنسبة إلى سكان خطوط العرض الشمالية القصوى، لكن كثيرًا ممن يعيشون في المناطق المعتدلة لم يروه قط، رغم إمكان ظهوره أحيانًا حتى خط العرض 35 درجة شمالًا. ستساعدك هذه المقالة على زيادة فرص مشاهدة الشفق إذا سافرت شمالًا. [[File:Aurora Borealis I.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق القطبي الشمالي قرب [[Wy/ar/ترومسو|ترومسو]]، [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]]]] ينشأ الشفق نتيجة جسيمات مشحونة تقذفها الشمس. وعندما تصل إلى الأرض، تصطدم بجزيئات الغاز في طبقات الغلاف الجوي العليا، فتمدّها بالطاقة وتُحدث عرضًا ضوئيًا مدهشًا متعدد الألوان. وتتأثر الجسيمات المشحونة بالمجالات المغناطيسية؛ لذلك يظهر الشفق أساسًا عند خطوط العرض الشمالية والجنوبية العالية قرب القطبين المغناطيسيين للأرض. يشبه الشفق إلى حد ما غروب الشمس في سماء الليل، لكنه يظهر أحيانًا على هيئة أقواس أو لوالب تتبع عادة المجال المغناطيسي للأرض. وكثيرًا ما يبدو كستائر متحركة من الضوء معلقة عاليًا في السماء. وأكثر ألوانه شيوعًا الأخضر الفاتح، وغالبًا ما تصاحبه مسحة وردية. وقد تتضمن العروض القوية لونين بنفسجيًا وأبيض. أما الشفق الأحمر فنادر، لكنه يُرصد أحيانًا. يكون الشفق عادة خافتًا نسبيًا، لكنه قد يسطع أحيانًا إلى درجة تسمح بقراءة صحيفة في ليلة بلا قمر. وتتفاوت شدة إضاءته ومدى ابتعاده عن القطبين تبعًا لثلاثة عوامل: وقت السنة، ودورة النشاط الشمسي التي تمتد 11 سنة، والعواصف الشمسية. وستُناقش هذه العوامل بالتفصيل لاحقًا. قد تحجب أضواء المدن الشفق الخافت؛ لذا يُفضَّل رصده في مناطق تبعد 30 كم على الأقل عن المدن. وتكمن الصعوبة في الابتعاد بما يكفي عن أضواء المدن لتحسين الرؤية، وهو أمر يسير عمومًا لأن معظم المناطق الشمالية قليلة السكان، ''دون'' تعريض نفسك لمخاطر غير ضرورية في مناخ قد يكون مميتًا. ==افهم== [[File:Map auroral oval mostly canada.png|thumb|200px|البيضاوي الشفقي الشمالي، 2007]] خلافًا لما قد يبدو بديهيًا، لا تقتصر مشاهدة الشفق الشمالي على التوجه نحو الشمال. فهو يحدث أساسًا ضمن حزام دائري أو بيضاوي يتمركز حول القطب الشمالي ''المغناطيسي'' للأرض، وهو ليس في موضع [[Wy/ar/القطب الشمالي|القطب الشمالي ''الجغرافي'']]. يتغير الموقع الدقيق للقطب الشمالي المغناطيسي. فحتى مطلع هذا القرن كان يتحرك ببطء، نحو 10 كم سنويًا، باتجاه الشمال عبر [[Wy/ar/جزيرة إليسمير|جزيرة إليسمير]] في أقصى شمال [[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]] شبه الخالي من السكان. ومنذ بداية القرن الحادي والعشرين تسارعت حركته لأسباب لم يتأكد العلماء منها بعد. وبحلول أواخر 2019 أصبح في المحيط المتجمد الشمالي شمال جزيرة إليسمير بكثير، متجهًا نحو روسيا بسرعة تقارب 55 كم سنويًا. وبسبب حركته، تقلصت مزايا الوجود في «الجانب الصحيح» من الأرض، وإن بقيت لأمريكا الشمالية أفضلية طفيفة في فرص مشاهدة الشفق. [[File:Aurora australis 20050911.jpg|thumb|200px|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من الفضاء]] لا تكون عروض الشفق في أقوى حالاتها ''عند'' القطب نفسه؛ فحزام النشاط الأشد يبعد عن القطب المغناطيسي بنحو 20 درجة، لأن خطوط القوة المغناطيسية منحنية ويؤدي انحناؤها إلى هذا الانزياح. ويشمل '''البيضاوي الشفقي الشمالي'''، أي المنطقة الأعلى احتمالًا لمشاهدة الشفق، معظم [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]] وشمال [[Wy/ar/كندا|كندا]] والنصف الجنوبي من [[Wy/ar/غرينلاند|غرينلاند]] و[[Wy/ar/آيسلندا|آيسلندا]] وشمال [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]] وأقصى شمال [[Wy/ar/السويد|السويد]] و[[Wy/ar/فنلندا|فنلندا]]، إضافة إلى النصف الغربي من شمال روسيا. وهناك حزام بيضاوي مشابه في الجنوب؛ انظر الصورة. تشاهد مناطق مثل وسط [[Wy/ar/بلدان الشمال الأوروبي|بلدان الشمال الأوروبي]] وجنوبها، وجنوب كندا، ووسط شمال [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة]] و[[Wy/ar/اسكتلندا|اسكتلندا]] الشفق الشمالي كثيرًا أيضًا، لكن ليس بقدر المناطق الواقعة مباشرة تحت الحزام الشفقي. ويظهر الشفق في [[Wy/ar/سفالبارد|سفالبارد]] بوتيرة أقل مما هو عليه في شمال إسكندنافيا، لكنها مكان مناسب لرصد الشفق النهاري الأضعف الذي يمكن رؤيته خلال ساعات اليقظة في [[Wy/ar/الليل القطبي|الليل القطبي]] الطويل. ومع ذلك، تتفاوت خطوط العرض التي يظهر عندها الشفق تفاوتًا كبيرًا. ففي فترات النشاط الشمسي المرتفع، قد يُرى في أمريكا الشمالية عند خط عرض 35 درجة شمالًا، أي في جميع أنحاء الولايات المتحدة تقريبًا باستثناء أقصى جنوبها. ويجعل انزياح القطب تأثير العواصف الشمسية في أوروبا أقل قوة نسبيًا، لكن معظم بلدان شمال أوروبا ستشهد عروضًا خلال هذه العواصف. ==التخطيط== لا توجد ضمانة لمشاهدة الشفق حتى في أفضل المواقع والأوقات، وقد تسنح الفرصة في مناطق ومواسم أخرى. لكن قليلًا من التخطيط يزيد احتمالات نجاحك زيادة كبيرة. وباختصار، اختر مكانًا على الحزام الشفقي أو قريبًا جدًا منه، وسافر شتاءً. ===الوقت من السنة=== [[File:AuroraBuryatia.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق في إسكندنافيا]]<!-- ترتبط الصورة بقسم التصوير الفوتوغرافي؛ تحقق من الإشارة إليها إذا غيّرت العنوان أو الملف --> الظلام ضروري للمشاهدة. تقع معظم مناطق الشفق الشمالي على خطوط عرض مرتفعة تشهد [[Wy/ar/شمس منتصف الليل|شمس منتصف الليل]]، فلا يحل الظلام من أواخر أبريل إلى منتصف أغسطس، وربما لفترة أطول في أقصى الشمال مثل [[Wy/ar/سفالبارد|سفالبارد]]. وتشهد الأماكن الواقعة ضمن ثماني درجات عرض جنوب الدائرة القطبية الشمالية، مثل [[Wy/ar/يلونايف|يلونايف]] الكندية، «ليالي بيضاء» لا يفصل فيها بين الغسق والفجر إلا بضع ساعات من الشفق. ولا يمكن مشاهدة الشفق القطبي خلال هذه الفترة. في أكثر مناطق الشفق نشاطًا، الواقعة مباشرة على الحزام البيضاوي، يمكن رصده أحيانًا في أي فصل، لكن الفرص تكون أفضل عندما يحل الظلام بعد السادسة مساءً، من أواخر سبتمبر إلى أواخر مارس. يبلغ الشفق ذروته السنوية تقريبًا عند الاعتدالين في سبتمبر ومارس. ولا تُفهم أسباب هذا النمط بالكامل، لكنه حقيقي وليس مجرد أثر للأحوال الجوية أو ظروف الرؤية. وإذا كنت تنوي ممارسة أنشطة نهارية أخرى، فهذا وقت مناسب للزيارة، إذ يمكنك الاستمتاع باثنتي عشرة ساعة من ضوء النهار مع الاحتفاظ بفرصة جيدة لرؤية الشفق ليلًا. كما تكون درجات الحرارة ألطف من منتصف الشتاء. ===الوقت من اليوم=== الفترة من السادسة مساءً إلى الواحدة صباحًا هي الأكثر نشاطًا، وتبلغ احتمالات الرؤية ذروتها بين العاشرة والحادية عشرة مساءً. لكن هذه قاعدة إرشادية فقط؛ ففي الليل القطبي قد يُشاهد الشفق بدءًا من الرابعة عصرًا وطوال الليل. وتستمر أقوى العروض نحو 5 إلى 15 دقيقة لكل منها. وخلال فترات النشاط الشديد، يمكن توقع بدء التوهجات في أول المساء، وبلوغها الذروة نحو العاشرة ليلًا، واستمرارها حتى الساعات الأولى من الصباح. حتى مع الملابس الجيدة، يصعب على معظم المسافرين تحمل البقاء طويلًا خارجًا في ليلة قطبية، إذ تزداد البرودة عادة من الغروب حتى تبدأ شمس الصباح بتدفئة الجو. وحتى لو ظهر الشفق في أول المساء، فقد يكون من الأفضل الخروج نحو التاسعة مساءً بالتوقيت الشمسي، مع مراعاة منطقتك الزمنية؛ فذلك يمنحك فرصة جيدة لرؤية ذروة العرض دون البقاء طويلًا في الخارج أو التعرض لأبرد ساعات الليل. ===دورة السنوات الإحدى عشرة=== ترتبط عروض الشفق على المدى الطويل بدورة تمتد 11 عامًا في نشاط البقع الشمسية والاضطرابات الشمسية الأخرى؛ فكلما زاد اضطراب الشمس، زادت عروض الشفق. ومع ذلك، تظل رؤيته مرجحة عند خطوط العرض الأكثر ملاءمة حتى في الحد الأدنى للنشاط الشمسي؛ إذ يندر أساسًا عند خطوط العرض المنخفضة خلال فترات الخمول. وتوجد ذروة في النشاط الشمسي نحو عام 2024. ===العواصف الشمسية=== إضافة إلى التغيرات شبه المنتظمة في تواتر الشفق، توجد عروض غير متوقعة وغير منتظمة تنجم عن '''العواصف الشمسية'''. وقد يؤدي بعضها، ولا سيما قرب ذروة النشاط الشمسي، إلى رؤية الشفق شماليًا في مناطق بعيدة إلى الجنوب على نحو لافت، بشرط صفاء سماء الليل. ووقعت أكبر عاصفة شمسية مسجلة عام 1859، وكان الشفق ساطعًا بما يكفي لقراءة صحيفة في [[Wy/ar/بوسطن|بوسطن]] (42° شمالًا)، وشوهد حتى المكسيك جنوبًا. وكانت العاصفة قوية إلى حد أن أجهزة التلغراف عملت دون مصدر طاقتها المعتاد، واشتعلت النيران في بعضها. ومن المرجح أن تتسبب عاصفة مماثلة بأضرار جسيمة لمعظم الأجهزة الإلكترونية. سيساعدك قسم [[Wy/ar/#التنبيهات|التنبيهات]] أدناه على متابعة النشاط الشمسي والاستعداد للمشاهدة عند حدوث عاصفة شمسية. ===صفاء السماء=== أخيرًا، لا تنسَ '''توقعات الطقس'''؛ فالشفق يحدث في طبقات عالية جدًا من الغلاف الجوي، وإذا اعترضته السحب فلن ترى شيئًا. وفي شمال إسكندنافيا، يكون الطقس أفضل بوضوح قرب نهاية موسم الشفق (فبراير ومارس) منه في بدايته. ولعل الطقس أهم عامل للنجاح في المناطق الواقعة تحت الحزام الشفقي، حيث يمكن رؤية الشفق في ما يصل إلى 80% من الليالي الصافية. ==استعد== ===التنبيهات=== إذا كنت قادرًا على السفر إلى مناطق مشاهدة الشفق في مهلة قصيرة، فيمكنك زيادة فرصتك بمتابعة «طقس الفضاء»، أي الظواهر التي تحدث خارج الغلاف الجوي للأرض نتيجة النشاط الشمسي. [[File:Aurora australis ISS 20120715.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من محطة الفضاء الدولية، ويظهر الذراع الروبوتية الكندية في المقدمة]] يوفر موقع [http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ الإدارة الوطنية الأمريكية للمحيطات والغلاف الجوي] (NOAA) معلومات جيدة عن طقس الفضاء. وتُستخدم قياسات أقمارها التشغيلية البيئية ذات المدار القطبي لرسم خرائط لامتداد الحزام الشفقي الحالي وموقعه حول القطبين؛ انظر [https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/aurora-30-minute-forecast توقعاتها] التي تتنبأ بشدة الشفق وموقعه الجغرافي بالاعتماد على ظروف الرياح الشمسية والمجال المغناطيسي بين الكواكب بصورة شبه فورية. وتُظهر الخرائط أيضًا حدود مناطق الرؤية الحالية. ويقدم الموقع التجاري [http://www.spaceweather.com/ سبيس ويذر] كثيرًا من المعلومات نفسها بصورة مختصرة وأسهل فهمًا. تدير جامعة ألاسكا في فيربانكس موقع [http://www.gi.alaska.edu/AuroraForecast تنبيهات الشفق]. وبالنسبة إلى فنلندا، يقدم معهد الأرصاد الجوية الفنلندي [http://aurorasnow.fmi.fi/public_service/ توقعات النشاط] وبيانات حالية عن النشاط المغناطيسي. ويقدم مكتب الأرصاد الجوية الآيسلندي [http://en.vedur.is/weather/forecasts/aurora/ توقعات الشفق] في آيسلندا، بما في ذلك توقعات الغطاء السحابي. تُستمد التوقعات أساسًا من قراءات قمري ناسا «مستكشف التركيب المتقدم» (ACE) و«مرصد مناخ الفضاء العميق» (DSCOVR)، اللذين يقدمان إنذارًا مبكرًا بنحو ساعة. ويُوصف نشاط الرياح الشمسية بثلاثة مقاييس رئيسية: المركبة الشمالية-الجنوبية للمجال المغناطيسي (Bz)، والسرعة، والكثافة. وعندما تكون قيمة Bz سالبة، أي باتجاه الجنوب، تتمكن جسيمات الرياح الشمسية من دخول الغلاف الجوي بسهولة أكبر وإحداث الشفق. وقد يحدث نشاط شفقي عند السرعات العالية حتى لو كانت قيمة Bz سالبة باعتدال. وخلال العواصف الجيومغناطيسية تتقلب Bz سريعًا. ويُعبَّر عن النشاط الجيومغناطيسي العام بمؤشر K الكوكبي (Kp)، الذي تصدر له توقعات. وتشير قيمة Kp البالغة 5 أو أكثر إلى عواصف تجعل رؤية الشفق ممكنة عادة إلى الجنوب من الحزام البيضاوي، في شمال أوروبا والأجزاء الشمالية من [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات المتحدة القارية]]. يمكن إعداد تقديرات أطول أمدًا بمراقبة الانفجارات على الشمس. لكن النماذج الفيزيائية لا تزال محدودة التطور، ويعود ذلك جزئيًا إلى أن القمرين ACE وDSCOVR وحدهما يراقبان الرياح الشمسية قبل وصولها إلى الأرض، لذا لا تتمتع التوقعات بموثوقية عالية. ويمكن التنبؤ باليوم التقريبي، لكن يظل غير معروف ما إذا كانت الدفقة ستصطدم بالأرض مباشرة، ومتى ستصل بالضبط، وبأي قوة. وتُجرى «التوقعات الآنية» على الأرض بقياس تقلبات المجال المغناطيسي، كما توجد كاميرات ويب موجهة نحو السماء لرؤية الشفق مباشرة. وتقيس أقمار ناسا القطبية والبيئية (POES) امتداد الحزام الشفقي مباشرة، لكنها تمر فوق القطب نحو 14 مرة يوميًا، ولذلك قد تكون الصور قديمة ببضع ساعات. إذا نشأت عاصفة شمسية كبيرة يُتوقع أن تنتج عنها أضواء شمالية أو جنوبية، فستكون مهلة الاستجابة من ساعات إلى بضعة أيام، لا دقائق ولا أسابيع. فالجسيمات المسببة للشفق تتحرك أبطأ بكثير من الضوء، لذا يمكن رصد العاصفة قبل وصول جسيماتها إلى الأرض بوقت، لكن الفارق ليس كبيرًا جدًا. وتتضمن التوقعات عادة إشارة إلى مدى امتداد النشاط بعيدًا عن القطبين المغناطيسيين. ولأغراض التخطيط للسفر، يُستحسن التحفظ واختيار مكان أقرب قليلًا إلى القطب من أقصى امتداد متوقع للشفق؛ فالتوقعات لا تصيب دائمًا، وقد يكون الشفق ضعيفًا نسبيًا أو محصورًا قرب الأفق الشمالي إذا كنت عند الحافة الجنوبية لمنطقة النشاط، مما قد يصعّب رؤيته بسبب التلوث الضوئي. ===الملابس=== [[File:Størmer and Birkeland Alta 1910.jpg|thumb|400px|مصورون يتجمدون من البرد، النرويج، 1910]] لأن الشفق يُرى عادة ليلًا في الأشهر الأبرد، يمضي المراقبون ساعات طويلة في الظلام والبرد. ومن الضروري ارتداء ملابس مناسبة لتخفيف الجانب المزعج من التجربة، ويكاد يكون من المستحيل أن ترتدي ملابس دافئة أكثر من اللازم. تتوفر الملابس الشتوية على نطاق واسع في أي منطقة تشهد شتاءً قاسيًا، لكن المتاجر المتخصصة التي تخدم [[Wy/ar/التزلج|المتزلجين]] و[[Wy/ar/تسلق الجبال|متسلقي الجبال]] و[[Wy/ar/الترحال بحقيبة الظهر في البرية|المتنزهين في البرية]] تقدم عادة أفضل الخيارات. وفي المناطق الأبعد جنوبًا قد تكون هذه المتاجر المكان الوحيد للحصول على تجهيزات الشتاء. في المناطق الشمالية النائية التي يجب نقل الطعام والوقود والمعدات إليها، ''قد تكون أسعار كل شيء تقريبًا مرتفعة جدًا''. وتميل المدن الشمالية الكبرى إلى تقديم أسعار أفضل من المناطق المعزولة، وإن بقيت أعلى من الأسعار في الجنوب. وينبغي لمعظم المسافرين شراء كثير من معداتهم قبل الانطلاق، مما يتيح وقتًا أطول للتسوق ويوفر المال ويجنب الوصول بملابس صيفية عندما يكون الجو شديد البرودة. قد يحتاج بعض المسافرين إلى التوقف للتسوق في مدينة إضافية؛ فمن يسافر مثلًا من ميامي، حيث يصعب العثور على تجهيزات شتوية جيدة، لرؤية الشفق في [[Wy/ar/تشرشل|تشرشل]]، حيث تكون المعدات مرتفعة الثمن والخيارات محدودة، يمكنه التوقف في [[Wy/ar/شيكاغو|شيكاغو]] أو [[Wy/ar/تورونتو|تورونتو]] أو [[Wy/ar/وينيبيغ|وينيبيغ]] لشراء ما يحتاج إليه. للحصول على معلومات محددة عن الملابس الشتوية، انظر [[Wy/ar/الطقس البارد#الملابس|الطقس البارد]]. وتذكر أنك ستحتاج إلى استخدام أصابعك، لذا قد يفيد الجمع بين القفازات العادية والقفازات ذات الأصابع المجمعة. ===التصوير الفوتوغرافي=== التقاط صور جيدة للشفق الشمالي '''صعب جدًا'''، لأنه سريع الحركة وغالبًا خافت ويظهر أمام خلفية حالكة الظلام، وهي ظروف تربك الكاميرات المدمجة العادية. ويمكن تقريبًا لأي [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة|كاميرا بعدسات قابلة للتبديل]] إنجاز المهمة إذا زُوّدت بعدسة مناسبة، لكن العدسة الأساسية التي تُباع معها عادة لن تكون سريعة بما يكفي، وربما لن تكون واسعة الزاوية بما يكفي أيضًا. {{Wy/ar/Infobox|الأطوال البؤرية للعدسات|عند الحديث عن الطول البؤري، نفترض استخدام كاميرا فيلم 35 مم أو كاميرا رقمية ذات مستشعر كامل الإطار. وتختلف الأرقام الفعلية في الكاميرات الأخرى، لكن يُشار غالبًا إلى «المكافئ لتنسيق 35 مم».}} غالبًا ما يلزم تعريض ضوئي طويل لتصوير الشفق الخافت. وإليك ما تحتاج إليه لتحظى بفرصة جيدة: * كاميرا تدعم '''التحكم اليدوي في التعريض''' (من 5 إلى 40 ثانية). * '''عدسة سريعة''' بفتحة f/2.8 أو أوسع. وتُستخدم عادة [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة#العدسات واسعة الزاوية|عدسة واسعة الزاوية]] لتغطية مساحة كبيرة من السماء. * '''فيلم عالي الحساسية''' (800 ASA أو أكثر)، أو إعداد ISO مكافئ في الكاميرا الرقمية. * '''حامل ثلاثي''' لتثبيت الكاميرا أثناء التعريض الطويل. * '''سلك تحرير الغالق أو مؤقت ذاتي''' لالتقاط الصور دون تحريك الكاميرا. : والأفضل من ذلك أن بعض الكاميرات تدعم '''التحكم عن بعد'''. ويمكن التحكم في بعض الكاميرات لاسلكيًا بواسطة '''هاتف ذكي'''، لكن القليل من الهواتف مصمم لتحمل تلك الظروف. * '''التركيز اليدوي'''. لا يُنصح بضبط العدسة على اللانهاية فحسب، بل الأفضل توجيهها نحو القمر أو نجم ساطع، ويفضل باستخدام وضع العرض المباشر وأقصى تكبير. * '''بطاريات وبطاقات ذاكرة احتياطية''' متعددة؛ فوجودها وحده يضمن أنك لن تحتاج إليها! احتفظ بالبطاريات الاحتياطية دافئة. * ما لا تحتاج إليه هو '''مرشح العدسة'''؛ فقد يسبب انعكاسات غير مرغوبة، لذا من الأفضل نزعه. [[File:Aurora shapes.jpg|thumb|405x405px|صور بكاميرا Canon EOS 400D، حساسية ISO 1600، فتحة f/2.8، تعريض 4–30 ثانية، وعدسة 17 مم (تعادل 24 مم على الإطار الكامل).]] يُستحسن التصوير بالكاميرا الرقمية بصيغة RAW، أو على الأقل JPG + RAW؛ فإذا حدث خلل أثناء التصوير، ستكون لديك مرونة أكبر في تصحيحه خلال المعالجة اللاحقة. تجنب التنفس على العدسة أو معين المنظر أو الشاشة كي لا يتكون الصقيع عليها. وقد يفيد مصباح يدوي أو مصباح رأس عند إعداد الكاميرا والحامل الثلاثي، كما يفيد الهاتف الذكي في تلقي التنبيهات والتوقعات. لكن ينبغي أن تعتاد عيناك الظلام، لذا قلل استخدام هذه الأجهزة واضبط شاشتي الهاتف والكاميرا على أدنى مستوى سطوع. الموقع المثالي خالٍ من التلوث الضوئي، ويوفر بعض الحماية من الرياح، ويسهل الوصول إليه. ففي ليلة قطبية باردة، لن ترغب بالتأكيد في حمل الكاميرا والحامل لمسافة طويلة أو الانتظار في الرياح لالتقاط الصورة المناسبة. كما أن الرياح تهز الكاميرا، مما يسبب مشكلة عند التعريض الطويل. ويساعد حامل أكبر وأكثر ثباتًا، لكنه أصعب حملًا. وإن أمكن، استكشف المكان نهارًا لتصل مباشرة إلى موقع جيد ليلًا. وقد لا تجد مكانًا مثاليًا، لكن حتى الموقع المقبول قد يعطي صورًا أفضل مع قدر أقل من المشقة. حاول أيضًا تضمين عنصر مثير للاهتمام في مقدمة الصورة؛ فـ[[Wy/ar/#أوروبا|الصورة النرويجية أدناه]] مثال جيد. وقد تبدو صورة السماء والثلج وحدهما مملة بعض الشيء حتى لو كان الشفق رائعًا. يمكن استخدام عدسة زوم متغيرة الطول البؤري أو عدسة ثابتة الطول البؤري؛ ولكل منهما مزايا. فعدسات الزوم أكثر مرونة، إذ تتيح تعديل الإطار سريعًا وفق حجم عرض الشفق. أما العدسات الثابتة فعادة أسرع بكثير وأخف وزنًا وأصغر حجمًا، وغالبًا ما تعطي صورة أشد حدة من عدسة زوم عند الطول البؤري نفسه. [[File:Aurora borealis over Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska.jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق القطبي الشمالي في [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]]]<!-- تُذكر الصورة في النص؛ تحقق من الإشارة إذا نقلتها أو استبدلتها --> تُعد [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر/أنظمة الكاميرات الكاملة#العدسات واسعة الزاوية|العدسات واسعة الزاوية]] الخيار الأكثر شيوعًا لتصوير الشفق. وهي تسبب بعض التشوه، وقد تنتج في الحالات القصوى صور «عين السمكة». التُقطت الصورة على اليمين بعدسة 16 مم؛ فيبدو الأفق منحنيًا والأشجار في المقدمة مائلة قليلًا عن الوضع الرأسي، لكن بعض المشاهدين قد لا يلاحظون التشوه، وقليلون سيجدونه مزعجًا. واستُخدمت في [[Wy/ar/#الوقت من السنة|الصورة الإسكندنافية أعلاه]] عدسة أوسع زوايةً، فتظهر تشوهات أكثر. وتقلل عدسة أطول قليلًا، ربما 24 مم، التشوه لكنها تغطي مساحة أقل من السماء. وهنا تتميز عدسات الزوم على العدسات الثابتة؛ فبعدسة زوم 16–35 مم مثلًا يمكنك تعديل كل لقطة لتحقيق أفضل توازن بين التشوه والتغطية. وفي ظروف أخرى قد تحمل عدة عدسات ثابتة وتبدلها، لكن ذلك غير عملي إلى حد كبير في ليلة قطبية. تتيح العدسة الأسرع أو إعداد ISO المرتفع تقليل زمن التعريض، وهذا مفيد. فقد استُخدمت في الصورة على اليمين عدسة F2.8 وتعريض مدته 25 ثانية. ولو كانت العدسة F4 لاحتاجت إلى 50 ثانية، أي عند الحد الأعلى للتصوير العملي أو بعده. أما عدسة F1.4 فتقلل الزمن إلى نحو ست ثوانٍ، ومن المرجح أن تنتج صورة أوضح لأن الشفق يتحرك مسافة أقل خلال التعريض، وتمنح تحكمًا أفضل باللقطة؛ فإذا ضغطت الغالق عندما يبدو المشهد مثيرًا، فمن الأرجح أن يظل كذلك بضع ثوانٍ بدلًا من فترة أطول. وهنا تتميز العدسات الثابتة لأنها غالبًا أسرع بكثير من عدسات الزوم. وإذا جمعت بين عدسة سريعة وكاميرا تسمح بإعدادات ISO عالية، فقد تتمكن من خفض زمن التعريض إلى أقل من ثانية، لكن ذلك لا يضمن صورة أفضل. فإعدادات ISO العالية تزيد التشويش في الصورة، وقد تخسر بسبب ذلك أكثر مما تكسبه من تقصير التعريض. العدسات الواسعة السريعة باهظة الثمن. ففي منتصف 2013، عند مراجعة عدسات كانون كاملة الإطار لدى بائع أمريكي، كانت أرخص العدسات التي قد تصلح لتصوير الشفق عدسة 40 مم F2.8 بنحو 150 دولارًا أو 35 مم F2.0 بنحو 300 دولار؛ وهي ليست واسعة بما يكفي لتكون مثالية، لكنها قابلة للاستخدام، وما هو أفضل منها أغلى ثمنًا. ومن الخيارات المعتادة لمن يملك مجموعة عدسات جيدة أو ميزانية مناسبة: 20 أو 24 مم F2.8، أو 28 مم F1.8، أو زوم 17–40 مم F4، بأسعار تتراوح بين 450 و750 دولارًا. وقد تكون العدسة المثالية ثابتة 24 مم F1.4 أو زوم 16–35 مم F2.8، لكنهما من المنتجات الراقية الموجهة أساسًا للمحترفين، وسعر كل منهما نحو 1500 دولار. وتعد عدسة فائقة الاتساع 14 مم F2.8 خيارًا ممتازًا؛ وبينما يزيد سعر النسخ ذات التركيز التلقائي على 2000 دولار، تتوفر نسخ ذات تركيز يدوي بسعر أقل بكثير. وللعلامات التجارية الأخرى منتجات وأسعار مختلفة، لكن النمط العام مشابه. كما تصنع شركات غير مصنّعي الكاميرات عدسات، مع استمرار النمط نفسه. انظر [[Wy/ar/تصوير السفر|تصوير السفر]] لمزيد من المعلومات العامة. ==المواقع== [[File:Rovaniemi - Aurora Borealis.jpg|thumb|الشفق في [[Wy/ar/روفانييمي|روفانييمي]]، [[Wy/ar/فنلندا|فنلندا]]]] يتكون الشفق الشمالي عادة على ارتفاع نحو 100 كم (60 ميلًا) فوق سطح الأرض. ومن حيث المبدأ، تُعد جميع المناطق الواقعة تحت الحزام الشفقي مواقع جيدة للرصد، لكن معظمها ناءٍ وصعب الوصول ويتسم بظروف مناخية قاسية. عند اختيار موقع للمشاهدة: * إذا كنت تستخدم سيارة، فابقَ قريبًا منها. فمدفأة السيارة العادية لا تستطيع في الواقع إبقاء مركبة معدنية كبيرة دافئة عندما تنخفض الحرارة الخارجية كثيرًا دون الصفر، لكنها أفضل من لا شيء، كما توفر السيارة مأوى من الرياح. وفي البرد الشديد جدًا، اترك المحرك يعمل حتى عندما تبتعد عن السيارة، فقد يصعب تشغيله مجددًا. * حاول العثور على مكان إقامة في منطقة معروفة بملاءمتها لمشاهدة الشفق، مثل كوخ أو ملجأ في البرية أو خيمة مدفأة أو مأوى مشابه. فهذا يجنبك القيادة لمسافات طويلة في وقت متأخر من الليل للوصول إلى موقع الرصد والعودة منه. * تجنب التلوث الضوئي وابتعد عن المناطق المأهولة. وإذا تعذر ذلك، فحاول على الأقل أن يكون الأفق الشمالي خاليًا من الأضواء. * تجنب المنحدرات الجبلية الشديدة أو غيرها من العوائق الكبيرة جهة الشمال. فكر في إحضار خيمة أو حاجز رياح متنقل لتوفير بعض الحماية من الرياح، وكذلك قوارير حرارية لحفظ المشروبات الساخنة. قد يكون الاستعانة بمرشد محلي أو الاشتراك في جولة منظمة لمشاهدة الشفق أو تصويره أمرًا يستحق التكلفة. فمعرفة المرشد المحلية تساعد في التعامل مع الطقس، والعثور على المواقع الجيدة، واختيار المسارات المناسبة، وتجنب اللقاءات القريبة مع [[Wy/ar/الحياة البرية الخطرة|الحيوانات البرية الخطرة]] مثل الدببة القطبية وثيران المسك. كما تمتلك شركات الجولات مركبات ومعدات ملائمة للظروف. وقد يتعذر استئجار مركبة أو إحضار مركبتك الخاصة في المناطق النائية، وحتى إن أمكن ذلك فلا يُنصح به ما لم يكن السائق والمركبة مستعدين جيدًا لـ[[Wy/ar/القيادة الشتوية|القيادة الشتوية]]. وتوفر بعض الجولات وسائل نقل غير مألوفة مثل عربات الثلج الآلية أو الزلاجات التي تجرها الكلاب أو الرنة أو الخيول؛ ولا يستطيع إلا قليل من السياح قيادة هذه الوسائل بأمان، ومن غير المرجح أن يسمح أصحاب الحيوانات القيّمة للزوار بقيادتها دون إشراف. توفر مواقع عديدة نوعًا من البنية السياحية، كالجولات ونقاط المراقبة وغيرها. وفيما يلي بعض أبرز المواقع مرتبة تقريبًا من الغرب إلى الشرق: ===أمريكا الشمالية=== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الشتاء في أمريكا الشمالية}} [[File:Flickr - DVIDSHUB - Alaska Aurora Borealis (Image 1 of 2).jpg|thumb|400px|الشفق في [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]]] * [[Wy/ar/فيربانكس|فيربانكس]]، ألاسكا: تشتهر بمشاهدة الشفق، وتضم جولات ومواقع كثيرة لخدمة المهتمين به. * [[Wy/ar/يلونايف|يلونايف]]، في الأقاليم الشمالية الغربية بكندا، وتتوفر فيها جولات عديدة أيضًا. * [[Wy/ar/تشرشل|تشرشل]]، على خليج هدسون في مانيتوبا، تقع في قلب الحزام الشفقي مباشرة، وتتيح فرصة مشاهدة أعداد كبيرة من الدببة القطبية خلال الرحلة نفسها. * [[Wy/ar/منتزه جزيرة رويال الوطني|منتزه جزيرة رويال الوطني]]، في شمال ميشيغان، منتزه يتبع مبدأ عدم ترك أثر، ولا يقدم جولات وتوجد فيه مرافق قليلة. وهو من أفضل الأماكن في الولايات الأمريكية المتجاورة الثماني والأربعين لرؤية الشفق، لبعده شمالًا وغياب التلوث الضوئي. ===جزر شمال الأطلسي=== * [[Wy/ar/كانغيرلوسواك|كانغيرلوسواك]]، غرينلاند: فرصة مشاهدة الشفق فيها مرتفعة جدًا من نوفمبر إلى مارس. وإذا رغبت في ركوب زلاجات الكلاب أو عربات الثلج الآلية، فيُفضل منتصف الشتاء إلى أواخره. * [[Wy/ar/ميفاتن|ميفاتن]]، آيسلندا: تتيح تجربة فريدة لمشاهدة الشفق أثناء الاسترخاء في حمام حراري أرضي طبيعي. وتُعد العاصمة [[Wy/ar/ريكيافيك|ريكيافيك]] قاعدة لكثير من الجولات. * [[Wy/ar/بيرنيراي|بيرنيراي]]، هبريدس الخارجية: توفر هذه الجزيرة الاسكتلندية النائية ظروفًا مناسبة لرصد الشفق الشمالي بسبب انخفاض التلوث الضوئي. ===أوروبا=== [[File:Aurora over Haja-3,2.jpg|thumb|قرب ترومسو، النرويج]]<!-- ترتبط الصورة بقسم التصوير؛ تحقق من الإشارة إليها عند تغيير العنوان أو الملف --> {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الشتاء في بلدان الشمال الأوروبي}} * [[Wy/ar/أبيسكو|أبيسكو]]، شمال السويد: وجهة شهيرة يمكن مشاهدة الشفق فيها من محطة «أورورا سكاي» أعلى جبل نووليا. * [[Wy/ar/ترومسو|ترومسو]]، شمال النرويج: يسهل الوصول إليها، وطقسها معتدل نسبيًا وتضم رحلات عديدة. لكن موقعها الساحلي يجعلها عرضة للغيوم. وتتمتع [[Wy/ar/سكيبوتن|سكيبوتن]] القريبة بمناخ أكثر جفافًا، بل شديد الجفاف بالنسبة للنرويج، مما يحسن فرص الرؤية. وتقع [[Wy/ar/سينيا|سينيا]] أيضًا في الجوار. * [[Wy/ar/ألتا|ألتا]]، في النرويج إلى الشمال الشرقي، والمعروفة بنقوشها الصخرية من عصور ما قبل التاريخ، تُسوَّق أيضًا بوصفها مكانًا لمشاهدة الشفق. وهي موطن أول مرصد للشفق الشمالي، الذي ارتبط برواد مثل كريستيان بيركلاند وأوله أندرياس كروغنيس وسيم سيلاند. ويقع [https://www.halde.no/ مرصد هالده وتالفيكتوبن] على ارتفاع 914 مترًا فوق مستوى سطح البحر شمال غرب ألتا. * [[Wy/ar/يوكاسيارفي|يوكاسيارفي]]، شمال السويد: موقع فندق الجليد الأصلي، وتتوفر فيه بنية ممتازة لمشاهدة الشفق. * [[Wy/ar/كيلبيسيارفي|كيلبيسيارفي]] و[[Wy/ar/إيناري|إيناري]] و[[Wy/ar/أوتسيوكي|أوتسيوكي]] في لابلاند الفنلندية، وتتميز جميعها بطقس جاف نسبيًا وقليل من التلوث الضوئي.<!-- نيليم قرية أخرى بعيدة عن التلوث الضوئي؛ أضفها عند إنشاء مقالة عنها. --> وتوفر منتجعات التزلج [[Wy/ar/ساريسيلكا|ساريسيلكا]] في إيناري و[[Wy/ar/ليفي|ليفي]] في كيتيلا إقامة في أكواخ زجاجية شبيهة بالإيغلو صُممت خصيصًا للاستمتاع بالشفق. * شبه جزيرة كولا في [[Wy/ar/مقاطعة مورمانسك|مقاطعة مورمانسك]]، وهي أشهر مواقع المشاهدة في روسيا. تنخفض احتمالات رؤية الشفق سريعًا كلما اتجهت جنوبًا. ففي [[Wy/ar/هلسنكي|هلسنكي]]، يظهر الشفق نحو مرة واحدة شهريًا، وغالبًا ما تحجبه أضواء المدينة أو السحب. وقد تكون العروض التي تُرى بعيدًا عن الحزام الشفقي أقل سطوعًا وألوانًا بكثير. ===السفن السياحية=== من الطرق الفاخرة لرؤية الشفق القيام برحلة على متن [[Wy/ar/سفينة سياحية|سفينة سياحية]] بمحاذاة ساحل [[Wy/ar/النرويج|النرويج]] أو [[Wy/ar/ألاسكا|ألاسكا]]، أو باتجاه [[Wy/ar/القارة القطبية الجنوبية|القارة القطبية الجنوبية]] لرؤية الشفق الجنوبي في الموسم المناسب. وتكون الرحلات البحرية باهظة عادة، لكن تكلفتها قد تكون معقولة مقارنة بالسفر جوًا إلى موقع جيد على اليابسة ودفع تكاليف الإقامة والجولات هناك. كما أن مشاهدة الشفق بمجرد الخروج إلى سطح السفينة بعد العشاء أسهل كثيرًا من الذهاب بالسيارة للوقوف في الثلج، واحتمال مواجهة حيوانات برية خطرة أقل. لكن توجد صعوبات؛ فلا تعمل جميع شركات الرحلات البحرية شتاءً، كما أن التقاط صور جيدة من سفينة متحركة ''بالغ الصعوبة'' عندما يحتاج الموضوع إلى تعريضات طويلة، كما هو الحال غالبًا مع الشفق. وإذا لم تكن الرحلة مخصصة لمشاهدة الشفق، فقد يكون التلوث الضوئي الصادر عن السفينة نفسها مشكلة. ===أثناء الطيران=== يحظى كثير من المسافرين في خطوط العرض الشمالية بمشهد للشفق من الجو. وربما ليس من الواقعي ''التخطيط'' لرؤيته من الطائرة، لكن إذا كنت تسافر كثيرًا في أقصى الشمال، ففكر في اختيار مقعد بجوار النافذة على الجانب الشمالي من الطائرة. وإذا كان العرض رائعًا بما يكفي، فعادة ما يعلن عنه قائد الطائرة. وإذا ظننت أن الرحلات البحرية باهظة الثمن، فلن ترغب غالبًا في الصعود إلى '''[[Wy/ar/الفضاء|الفضاء]]'''؛ فرحلة مدارية بتكلفة نحو 35 مليون دولار للشخص تكاد تضمن رؤية الشفق الشمالي والجنوبي معًا دون أي تداخل ضوئي، ومن منظور مذهل! ==الشفق الجنوبي== [[File:Aurora Australis Over the Tasman Sea from SouthWest National Park.jpg|thumb|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من شاطئ نيو هاربور النائي في منتزه الجنوب الغربي الوطني بتسمانيا]] يحدث الشفق في حزام بيضاوي حول القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي كما يحدث حول القطب الشمالي، وينزاح القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي بدوره عن [[Wy/ar/القطب الجنوبي|القطب الجنوبي]] الجغرافي. ويستفيد الراغبون في مشاهدة '''الشفق الجنوبي''' أو '''''الأورورا أوستراليس''''' من مصادفة سعيدة، وهي أن انزياح القطب الجنوبي المغناطيسي يكون عمومًا باتجاه [[Wy/ar/أستراليا|أستراليا]]، رغم أن القطب نفسه لا يزال في [[Wy/ar/القارة القطبية الجنوبية|القارة القطبية الجنوبية]] مثل القطب الجغرافي. ولذلك تحصل المناطق الجنوبية من أستراليا و[[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]] على عروض شفقيّة أكثر مما يُتوقع من خطوط عرضها. وتُعد [[Wy/ar/تسمانيا|تسمانيا]] و[[Wy/ar/الجزيرة الجنوبية|الجزيرة الجنوبية]] في نيوزيلندا على وجه الخصوص مكانين يمكن رؤية الشفق فيهما مرات عدة سنويًا. وإذا كانت الظروف ملائمة، فإن [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]] و[[Wy/ar/إنفركارغيل|إنفركارغيل]] تقدمان أفضل الفرص في أماكن يسهل الوصول إليها من داخل أستراليا ونيوزيلندا. ورغم أن خط العرض الجغرافي لمدينة [[Wy/ar/كرايستشيرش|كرايستشيرش]] يقع جنوب [[Wy/ar/هوبارت|هوبارت]]، فإن «خط عرضها الجيومغناطيسي» يقع إلى الشمال أكثر، ولذلك لا تزيد احتمالات ظهور الشفق فيها على احتمالات ظهوره في جنوب [[Wy/ar/فيكتوريا (ولاية)|فيكتوريا]]. تحقق من طقس الفضاء أثناء سفرك. [[File:AuroraAustralisDisplay.jpg|thumb|الشفق الجنوبي كما يُرى من [[Wy/ar/ويلينغتون|ويلينغتون]]، [[Wy/ar/نيوزيلندا|نيوزيلندا]]]] تقع جميع هذه المواقع خارج الحزام الشفقي نفسه، ولذلك ليست فرص مشاهدة الشفق خلال زيارتك إليها مرتفعة. وبسبب ميل الحزام نحو نصف الكرة الشرقي، لا يُعقل توقع رؤيته من [[Wy/ar/باتاغونيا|باتاغونيا]]، كما أن رؤيته حتى من [[Wy/ar/شبه الجزيرة القطبية الجنوبية|شبه الجزيرة القطبية الجنوبية]] ليست مرجحة كثيرًا. وأفضل مكان لرصده هو [[Wy/ar/بحر روس|بحر روس]] في القارة القطبية الجنوبية، عبر [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ماكواري|جزيرة ماكواري]] الأسترالية أو [[Wy/ar/جزر نيوزيلندا شبه القطبية الجنوبية|جزر نيوزيلندا شبه القطبية الجنوبية]]. وتكون المشاهدة الأفضل من السفينة نفسها. وأقرب جزيرة إلى الحزام الشفقي تتوفر فيها مجموعة جيدة من أماكن الإقامة السياحية هي [[Wy/ar/جزيرة ستيوارت|جزيرة ستيوارت]]. توجد رحلة جوية ليوم واحد من [[Wy/ar/سيدني|سيدني]] لمشاهدة الشفق الجنوبي (بسعر يبدأ من 1,295 دولارًا أستراليًا). تنطبق جميع الاعتبارات المتعلقة بزيادة فرص مشاهدة الشفق الشمالي على مشاهدة الشفق الجنوبي أيضًا، مع مراعاة انعكاس الفصول في نصف الكرة الجنوبي عند اختيار الفترة التي تتوفر فيها أطول ساعات الظلام. ==انظر أيضًا== * [[Wy/ar/علم الفلك|علم الفلك]] * [[Wy/ar/شمس منتصف الليل|شمس منتصف الليل]] — في خطوط العرض التي يسودها الظلام طوال اليوم شتاءً ويقصدها الناس لرؤية الشفق الشمالي، يستمر الضوء عادة طوال الليل صيفًا. {{Wy/ar/جزء|المعالم الطبيعية|القطب الشمالي}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q40609}} 0bg92o5jrv3qndgb5mfy3p57w0dayxj 0 3827374 7374666 2026-10-26T06:53:39Z Sibiru45 2583973 maulah 7374666 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wadai Papari''' yaitu sabuting wadai tradisiunal urang Banjar, Kalimantan Salatan, nang bantuknya khas manyarupai sayur paapari. Biarpun bangunnya kaya buah papari, rasanya kada pahit sama sakali, malah manis legit lawan kulit nang kanyal kaya mochi, sabab rarampahnya matan galapung rikitan. Di dalamnya ada isian inti nyiur nang manis. Nangini resep asli Wadai Papari khas Banjar nang kawa pian gawi saurang di rumah. '''Rarampah nang Dipakai''' Rarampah Kulit: * 250 gram galapung rikitan putih * 200 ml santan encer nang ladar * ½ sdt uyah * Sabuting pasta pandan atawa banyu parasan daun suji gasan mawarnai hijau * Minyak lamak sacukupnya gasan manyapu kulit wadai * Daun pisang gasan alas kukusan Rarampah Isi (Inti Nyiur): * 150 gram nyiur parut, pilih nang taanum * 100 gram gula habang, sisir halus * 2 sasudu makan gula pasir * 50 ml banyu * 1 lambar daun pandan, ikat simpul * ¼ sdt uyah '''Cara Maulah''' 1. Maulah Inti Nyiur * Masak banyu, gula habang, gula pasir, uyah, lawan daun pandan di rinjing sampai gulanya larut wan mandidih. * Masukakan nyiur parut, hanyar aduk sampai barataan tacampur rata. * Masak lawan api halus sampai banyu gulanya kasarap habis wan nyiur mulai kasat, tapi jangan sampai talalu karing. * Angkat, hanyar hanyarakan sampai dingin. 2. Maulah Adunan Kulit * Campur galapung rikitan putih lawan uyah di wadah. * Campur santan ladar lawan pasta pandan atawa banyu parasan daun suji sampai warnanya hijau kaya nang pian handaki. * Masukakan santan hijau sakalinya sadikit-sadikit ka dalam galapung rikitan sambil diuleni palan-palan pakai tangan sampai adunannya kalis wan kawa dibantuk. Adunan kada lagi marikit di wadah. 3. Mambantuk Wadai Papari * Ambil adunan kulit sakira 30–45 gram, hanyar pipihkan. * Isikan inti nyiur di tangahnya, hanyar bungkus rapat wan bantuk jadi bulat panjang manyarupai buah papari. * Bantuak garis-garis bagigi khas buah papari di bagian luarnya, kawa mamakai capit nastar atawa digurat palan-palan pakai tusuk sate atawa bagian balakang pisau. * Andak wadai nang sudah dibantuk di atas daun pisang nang sudah disapui minyak lamak sadikit. 4. Mangukus Wadai * Panaskan kukusan dahulu sampai uapnya banyak. * Masukakan wadai papari, hanyar kukus lawan api sadang salawas kurang labih 15–20 minit sampai masak. * Papadah panting: Buka tutup kukusan saban 4–5 minit sakali supaya wadai kada mangambang talalu ganal atawa hilang bangun garis-garis bagiginya. * Mun sudah masak, angkat wadai, hanyar sapui bagian luarnya lawan minyak lamak tipis-tipis supaya wadai pina mangkilap, langkar dipandang, wan supaya kada marikit. hyuaqm4xj4r1ik9inkaehbianbtm0gy 7374668 7374666 2026-10-26T06:54:43Z Sibiru45 2583973 7374668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wadai Papari''' yaitu sabuting wadai tradisiunal urang Banjar, Kalimantan Salatan. Bantuknya khas manyarupai sayur paapari. Biarpun bangunnya kaya buah papari, rasanya kada pahit sama sakali, malah manis legit lawan kulit nang kanyal kaya mochi, sabab rarampahnya matan galapung rikitan. Di dalamnya ada isian inti nyiur nang manis. Nangini resep asli Wadai Papari khas Banjar nang kawa pian gawi saurang di rumah. '''Rarampah nang Dipakai''' Rarampah Kulit: * 250 gram galapung rikitan putih * 200 ml santan encer nang ladar * ½ sdt uyah * Sabuting pasta pandan atawa banyu parasan daun suji gasan mawarnai hijau * Minyak lamak sacukupnya gasan manyapu kulit wadai * Daun pisang gasan alas kukusan Rarampah Isi (Inti Nyiur): * 150 gram nyiur parut, pilih nang taanum * 100 gram gula habang, sisir halus * 2 sasudu makan gula pasir * 50 ml banyu * 1 lambar daun pandan, ikat simpul * ¼ sdt uyah '''Cara Maulah''' 1. Maulah Inti Nyiur * Masak banyu, gula habang, gula pasir, uyah, lawan daun pandan di rinjing sampai gulanya larut wan mandidih. * Masukakan nyiur parut, hanyar aduk sampai barataan tacampur rata. * Masak lawan api halus sampai banyu gulanya kasarap habis wan nyiur mulai kasat, tapi jangan sampai talalu karing. * Angkat, hanyar hanyarakan sampai dingin. 2. Maulah Adunan Kulit * Campur galapung rikitan putih lawan uyah di wadah. * Campur santan ladar lawan pasta pandan atawa banyu parasan daun suji sampai warnanya hijau kaya nang pian handaki. * Masukakan santan hijau sakalinya sadikit-sadikit ka dalam galapung rikitan sambil diuleni palan-palan pakai tangan sampai adunannya kalis wan kawa dibantuk. Adunan kada lagi marikit di wadah. 3. Mambantuk Wadai Papari * Ambil adunan kulit sakira 30–45 gram, hanyar pipihkan. * Isikan inti nyiur di tangahnya, hanyar bungkus rapat wan bantuk jadi bulat panjang manyarupai buah papari. * Bantuak garis-garis bagigi khas buah papari di bagian luarnya, kawa mamakai capit nastar atawa digurat palan-palan pakai tusuk sate atawa bagian balakang pisau. * Andak wadai nang sudah dibantuk di atas daun pisang nang sudah disapui minyak lamak sadikit. 4. Mangukus Wadai * Panaskan kukusan dahulu sampai uapnya banyak. * Masukakan wadai papari, hanyar kukus lawan api sadang salawas kurang labih 15–20 minit sampai masak. * Papadah panting: Buka tutup kukusan saban 4–5 minit sakali supaya wadai kada mangambang talalu ganal atawa hilang bangun garis-garis bagiginya. * Mun sudah masak, angkat wadai, hanyar sapui bagian luarnya lawan minyak lamak tipis-tipis supaya wadai pina mangkilap, langkar dipandang, wan supaya kada marikit. sbok35qgxessslsvjoz0rqjcicr2eg4 7374670 7374668 2026-10-26T06:55:11Z Sibiru45 2583973 7374670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wadai Papari''' yaitu sabuting wadai tradisiunal urang Banjar, Kalimantan Salatan. Bantuknya khas manyarupai sayur paapari. Bujur haja bantuknya nang kaya papari, rasanya kada pahit sama sakali, malah manis legit lawan kulit nang kanyal kaya mochi, sabab rarampahnya matan galapung rikitan. Di dalamnya ada isian inti nyiur nang manis. Nangini resep asli Wadai Papari khas Banjar nang kawa pian gawi saurang di rumah. '''Rarampah nang Dipakai''' Rarampah Kulit: * 250 gram galapung rikitan putih * 200 ml santan encer nang ladar * ½ sdt uyah * Sabuting pasta pandan atawa banyu parasan daun suji gasan mawarnai hijau * Minyak lamak sacukupnya gasan manyapu kulit wadai * Daun pisang gasan alas kukusan Rarampah Isi (Inti Nyiur): * 150 gram nyiur parut, pilih nang taanum * 100 gram gula habang, sisir halus * 2 sasudu makan gula pasir * 50 ml banyu * 1 lambar daun pandan, ikat simpul * ¼ sdt uyah '''Cara Maulah''' 1. Maulah Inti Nyiur * Masak banyu, gula habang, gula pasir, uyah, lawan daun pandan di rinjing sampai gulanya larut wan mandidih. * Masukakan nyiur parut, hanyar aduk sampai barataan tacampur rata. * Masak lawan api halus sampai banyu gulanya kasarap habis wan nyiur mulai kasat, tapi jangan sampai talalu karing. * Angkat, hanyar hanyarakan sampai dingin. 2. Maulah Adunan Kulit * Campur galapung rikitan putih lawan uyah di wadah. * Campur santan ladar lawan pasta pandan atawa banyu parasan daun suji sampai warnanya hijau kaya nang pian handaki. * Masukakan santan hijau sakalinya sadikit-sadikit ka dalam galapung rikitan sambil diuleni palan-palan pakai tangan sampai adunannya kalis wan kawa dibantuk. Adunan kada lagi marikit di wadah. 3. Mambantuk Wadai Papari * Ambil adunan kulit sakira 30–45 gram, hanyar pipihkan. * Isikan inti nyiur di tangahnya, hanyar bungkus rapat wan bantuk jadi bulat panjang manyarupai buah papari. * Bantuak garis-garis bagigi khas buah papari di bagian luarnya, kawa mamakai capit nastar atawa digurat palan-palan pakai tusuk sate atawa bagian balakang pisau. * Andak wadai nang sudah dibantuk di atas daun pisang nang sudah disapui minyak lamak sadikit. 4. Mangukus Wadai * Panaskan kukusan dahulu sampai uapnya banyak. * Masukakan wadai papari, hanyar kukus lawan api sadang salawas kurang labih 15–20 minit sampai masak. * Papadah panting: Buka tutup kukusan saban 4–5 minit sakali supaya wadai kada mangambang talalu ganal atawa hilang bangun garis-garis bagiginya. * Mun sudah masak, angkat wadai, hanyar sapui bagian luarnya lawan minyak lamak tipis-tipis supaya wadai pina mangkilap, langkar dipandang, wan supaya kada marikit. q779imddsgaj59yu7gvnd0iy4oollq0 7374753 7374670 2026-10-26T08:59:35Z Wadaihangit 2578757 Wadaihangit moved page [[Wb/bjn/Maulah:Wadai Papari]] to [[Wb/bjn/Cara maulah:Wadai Papari]] 7374670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wadai Papari''' yaitu sabuting wadai tradisiunal urang Banjar, Kalimantan Salatan. Bantuknya khas manyarupai sayur paapari. Bujur haja bantuknya nang kaya papari, rasanya kada pahit sama sakali, malah manis legit lawan kulit nang kanyal kaya mochi, sabab rarampahnya matan galapung rikitan. Di dalamnya ada isian inti nyiur nang manis. Nangini resep asli Wadai Papari khas Banjar nang kawa pian gawi saurang di rumah. '''Rarampah nang Dipakai''' Rarampah Kulit: * 250 gram galapung rikitan putih * 200 ml santan encer nang ladar * ½ sdt uyah * Sabuting pasta pandan atawa banyu parasan daun suji gasan mawarnai hijau * Minyak lamak sacukupnya gasan manyapu kulit wadai * Daun pisang gasan alas kukusan Rarampah Isi (Inti Nyiur): * 150 gram nyiur parut, pilih nang taanum * 100 gram gula habang, sisir halus * 2 sasudu makan gula pasir * 50 ml banyu * 1 lambar daun pandan, ikat simpul * ¼ sdt uyah '''Cara Maulah''' 1. Maulah Inti Nyiur * Masak banyu, gula habang, gula pasir, uyah, lawan daun pandan di rinjing sampai gulanya larut wan mandidih. * Masukakan nyiur parut, hanyar aduk sampai barataan tacampur rata. * Masak lawan api halus sampai banyu gulanya kasarap habis wan nyiur mulai kasat, tapi jangan sampai talalu karing. * Angkat, hanyar hanyarakan sampai dingin. 2. Maulah Adunan Kulit * Campur galapung rikitan putih lawan uyah di wadah. * Campur santan ladar lawan pasta pandan atawa banyu parasan daun suji sampai warnanya hijau kaya nang pian handaki. * Masukakan santan hijau sakalinya sadikit-sadikit ka dalam galapung rikitan sambil diuleni palan-palan pakai tangan sampai adunannya kalis wan kawa dibantuk. Adunan kada lagi marikit di wadah. 3. Mambantuk Wadai Papari * Ambil adunan kulit sakira 30–45 gram, hanyar pipihkan. * Isikan inti nyiur di tangahnya, hanyar bungkus rapat wan bantuk jadi bulat panjang manyarupai buah papari. * Bantuak garis-garis bagigi khas buah papari di bagian luarnya, kawa mamakai capit nastar atawa digurat palan-palan pakai tusuk sate atawa bagian balakang pisau. * Andak wadai nang sudah dibantuk di atas daun pisang nang sudah disapui minyak lamak sadikit. 4. Mangukus Wadai * Panaskan kukusan dahulu sampai uapnya banyak. * Masukakan wadai papari, hanyar kukus lawan api sadang salawas kurang labih 15–20 minit sampai masak. * Papadah panting: Buka tutup kukusan saban 4–5 minit sakali supaya wadai kada mangambang talalu ganal atawa hilang bangun garis-garis bagiginya. * Mun sudah masak, angkat wadai, hanyar sapui bagian luarnya lawan minyak lamak tipis-tipis supaya wadai pina mangkilap, langkar dipandang, wan supaya kada marikit. q779imddsgaj59yu7gvnd0iy4oollq0 0 3827375 7374691 2026-10-26T07:15:36Z Almajidy 2647497 Created page with "{{Wy/ar/بانر|Everest Panorama banner.jpg|آسيا العليا}} تشير تسمية '''آسيا العليا'''، الملقبة بـ'''سقف العالم'''، إلى بعض أعلى المناطق ارتفاعًا في العالم، التي تشكلت نتيجة اصطدام [[Wy/ar/الهند|الهند]] بـ[[Wy/ar/أوراسيا|أوراسيا]] قبل نحو 50 مليون سنة. وتتمحور هذه المنطقة حول '''هضبة التبت'''. File..." 7374691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Everest Panorama banner.jpg|آسيا العليا}} تشير تسمية '''آسيا العليا'''، الملقبة بـ'''سقف العالم'''، إلى بعض أعلى المناطق ارتفاعًا في العالم، التي تشكلت نتيجة اصطدام [[Wy/ar/الهند|الهند]] بـ[[Wy/ar/أوراسيا|أوراسيا]] قبل نحو 50 مليون سنة. وتتمحور هذه المنطقة حول '''هضبة التبت'''. [[File:Map of High Mountain Asia - 50091108786.png|thumb|upright=1.4|هضبة التبت والجبال المحيطة بها]] تتألف آسيا العليا من المناطق التالية: * '''[[Wy/ar/بوتان|بوتان]]''' * '''[[Wy/ar/الصين|الصين]]''' ([[Wy/ar/تشينغهاي|تشينغهاي]]، [[Wy/ar/سيتشوان|سيتشوان]]، [[Wy/ar/التبت|التبت]]، [[Wy/ar/شينجيانغ|شينجيانغ]]، [[Wy/ar/يونان|يونان]]) * '''[[Wy/ar/الهند|الهند]]''' ([[Wy/ar/شمال الهيمالايا|شمال الهيمالايا]]، [[Wy/ar/شمال شرق الهند|شمال شرق الهند]]) * '''[[Wy/ar/نيبال|نيبال]]''' * '''[[Wy/ar/باكستان|باكستان]]''' ([[Wy/ar/آزاد كشمير|آزاد كشمير]]، [[Wy/ar/غلغت بلتستان|غلغت بلتستان]]، [[Wy/ar/خيبر بختونخوا|خيبر بختونخوا]]) * '''[[Wy/ar/طاجيكستان|طاجيكستان]]''' ([[Wy/ar/جبال بامير|جبال بامير]]) تشمل معالم الجذب في المنطقة مناظر جبلية خلابة، والعديد من مسارات [[Wy/ar/الرحلات الجبلية|الرحلات الجبلية]] الرائعة، وثقافات مثيرة للاهتمام، وأعظم التحديات في العالم أمام هواة [[Wy/ar/تسلق الجبال|تسلق الجبال]]. وتضم المنطقة أعلى القمم الجبلية في العالم، وأعلاها [[Wy/ar/جبل إيفرست|جبل إيفرست]] و[[Wy/ar/كيه 2|كيه 2]]. وتُعد محاولة تسلق أيٍّ منهما صعبة ومكلفة وشديدة الخطورة، لكن القيام برحلة سير إلى المعسكر الأساسي لأيٍّ منهما خيار معقول وشائع نسبيًا. {{Wy/ar/Seealso|جبال الهيمالايا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|آسيا}} {{Wy/ar/Extraregion}} {{Wy/ar/Geo||}} ``` [[Category:Wy/ar]] gg5gc7rx5b0rlxxxu9cz5xva5x2z56z 7374692 7374691 2026-10-26T07:16:53Z Almajidy 2647497 إضافة روابط إنترويكي إلى [[d:Q33400804]] 7374692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Everest Panorama banner.jpg|آسيا العليا}} تشير تسمية '''آسيا العليا'''، الملقبة بـ'''سقف العالم'''، إلى بعض أعلى المناطق ارتفاعًا في العالم، التي تشكلت نتيجة اصطدام [[Wy/ar/الهند|الهند]] بـ[[Wy/ar/أوراسيا|أوراسيا]] قبل نحو 50 مليون سنة. وتتمحور هذه المنطقة حول '''هضبة التبت'''. [[File:Map of High Mountain Asia - 50091108786.png|thumb|upright=1.4|هضبة التبت والجبال المحيطة بها]] تتألف آسيا العليا من المناطق التالية: * '''[[Wy/ar/بوتان|بوتان]]''' * '''[[Wy/ar/الصين|الصين]]''' ([[Wy/ar/تشينغهاي|تشينغهاي]]، [[Wy/ar/سيتشوان|سيتشوان]]، [[Wy/ar/التبت|التبت]]، [[Wy/ar/شينجيانغ|شينجيانغ]]، [[Wy/ar/يونان|يونان]]) * '''[[Wy/ar/الهند|الهند]]''' ([[Wy/ar/شمال الهيمالايا|شمال الهيمالايا]]، [[Wy/ar/شمال شرق الهند|شمال شرق الهند]]) * '''[[Wy/ar/نيبال|نيبال]]''' * '''[[Wy/ar/باكستان|باكستان]]''' ([[Wy/ar/آزاد كشمير|آزاد كشمير]]، [[Wy/ar/غلغت بلتستان|غلغت بلتستان]]، [[Wy/ar/خيبر بختونخوا|خيبر بختونخوا]]) * '''[[Wy/ar/طاجيكستان|طاجيكستان]]''' ([[Wy/ar/جبال بامير|جبال بامير]]) تشمل معالم الجذب في المنطقة مناظر جبلية خلابة، والعديد من مسارات [[Wy/ar/الرحلات الجبلية|الرحلات الجبلية]] الرائعة، وثقافات مثيرة للاهتمام، وأعظم التحديات في العالم أمام هواة [[Wy/ar/تسلق الجبال|تسلق الجبال]]. وتضم المنطقة أعلى القمم الجبلية في العالم، وأعلاها [[Wy/ar/جبل إيفرست|جبل إيفرست]] و[[Wy/ar/كيه 2|كيه 2]]. وتُعد محاولة تسلق أيٍّ منهما صعبة ومكلفة وشديدة الخطورة، لكن القيام برحلة سير إلى المعسكر الأساسي لأيٍّ منهما خيار معقول وشائع نسبيًا. {{Wy/ar/Seealso|جبال الهيمالايا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|آسيا}} {{Wy/ar/Extraregion}} {{Wy/ar/Geo||}} ``` [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q33400804}} o63s1i4ba2hp7cu7n10air41eotm3ww 7374693 7374692 2026-10-26T07:17:09Z Almajidy 2647497 7374693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Everest Panorama banner.jpg|آسيا العليا}} تشير تسمية '''آسيا العليا'''، الملقبة بـ'''سقف العالم'''، إلى بعض أعلى المناطق ارتفاعًا في العالم، التي تشكلت نتيجة اصطدام [[Wy/ar/الهند|الهند]] بـ[[Wy/ar/أوراسيا|أوراسيا]] قبل نحو 50 مليون سنة. وتتمحور هذه المنطقة حول '''هضبة التبت'''. [[File:Map of High Mountain Asia - 50091108786.png|thumb|upright=1.4|هضبة التبت والجبال المحيطة بها]] تتألف آسيا العليا من المناطق التالية: * '''[[Wy/ar/بوتان|بوتان]]''' * '''[[Wy/ar/الصين|الصين]]''' ([[Wy/ar/تشينغهاي|تشينغهاي]]، [[Wy/ar/سيتشوان|سيتشوان]]، [[Wy/ar/التبت|التبت]]، [[Wy/ar/شينجيانغ|شينجيانغ]]، [[Wy/ar/يونان|يونان]]) * '''[[Wy/ar/الهند|الهند]]''' ([[Wy/ar/شمال الهيمالايا|شمال الهيمالايا]]، [[Wy/ar/شمال شرق الهند|شمال شرق الهند]]) * '''[[Wy/ar/نيبال|نيبال]]''' * '''[[Wy/ar/باكستان|باكستان]]''' ([[Wy/ar/آزاد كشمير|آزاد كشمير]]، [[Wy/ar/غلغت بلتستان|غلغت بلتستان]]، [[Wy/ar/خيبر بختونخوا|خيبر بختونخوا]]) * '''[[Wy/ar/طاجيكستان|طاجيكستان]]''' ([[Wy/ar/جبال بامير|جبال بامير]]) تشمل معالم الجذب في المنطقة مناظر جبلية خلابة، والعديد من مسارات [[Wy/ar/الرحلات الجبلية|الرحلات الجبلية]] الرائعة، وثقافات مثيرة للاهتمام، وأعظم التحديات في العالم أمام هواة [[Wy/ar/تسلق الجبال|تسلق الجبال]]. وتضم المنطقة أعلى القمم الجبلية في العالم، وأعلاها [[Wy/ar/جبل إيفرست|جبل إيفرست]] و[[Wy/ar/كيه 2|كيه 2]]. وتُعد محاولة تسلق أيٍّ منهما صعبة ومكلفة وشديدة الخطورة، لكن القيام برحلة سير إلى المعسكر الأساسي لأيٍّ منهما خيار معقول وشائع نسبيًا. {{Wy/ar/Seealso|جبال الهيمالايا}} {{Wy/ar/جزء|آسيا}} {{Wy/ar/Extraregion}} {{Wy/ar/Geo||}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] {{INTERWIKI|Q33400804}} 49bnssxigbwhluax1pig59wj4qlis5g 0 3827376 7374694 2026-10-26T07:18:06Z Sdf 1644287 Created page with "{{Wp/mnp/TwinHAN|2026-nîng Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ dā̤-hŏ̤-chī-dǒ̤ng iáu gṳ̄ing-chī-dǒ̤ng sṳ̌ing-gṳ̌}} '''2026年中華民國直轄市長邀縣市長選舉'''是中華民國直轄市長佮邀縣市長嗰選舉。 ==候選人== {| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="6" width="2000" |2026年中華民國直轄市長邀縣市長名單 |- ! rowspan="2" style="width:100px;" |縣市 ! rowspan="1" style="width:100px;" |Wp/mn..." 7374694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mnp/TwinHAN|2026-nîng Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ dā̤-hŏ̤-chī-dǒ̤ng iáu gṳ̄ing-chī-dǒ̤ng sṳ̌ing-gṳ̌}} '''2026年中華民國直轄市長邀縣市長選舉'''是中華民國直轄市長佮邀縣市長嗰選舉。 ==候選人== {| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="6" width="2000" |2026年中華民國直轄市長邀縣市長名單 |- ! rowspan="2" style="width:100px;" |縣市 ! rowspan="1" style="width:100px;" |[[Wp/mnp/民主進步黨|民主進步黨]] ! rowspan="1" style="width:100px;" |[[Wp/mnp/中國國民黨|中國國民黨]] |- ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #1B9431;" |候選人 ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #000099;" |候選人 |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/基隆市|基隆市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/童子瑋|童子瑋]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/謝國樑|謝國樑]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/臺北市|臺北市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/沈伯洋|沈伯洋]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/蔣萬安|蔣萬安]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/新北市|新北市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/蘇巧慧|蘇巧慧]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/李四川|李四川]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/桃園市|桃園市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/黃世杰|黃世杰]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/張善政|張善政]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/新竹縣|新竹縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/鄭朝方|鄭朝方]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/徐欣瑩|徐欣瑩]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/新竹市|新竹市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/莊競程|莊競程]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/苗栗縣|苗栗縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳品安|陳品安]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/鍾東錦|鍾東錦]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/臺中市|臺中市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/何欣純|何欣純]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/江啟臣|江啟臣]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/彰化縣|彰化縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳素月|陳素月]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/魏平政|魏平政]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/南投縣|南投縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/温世政|温世政]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/許淑華 (1975年)|許淑華]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/雲林縣|雲林縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/劉建國 (臺灣)|劉建國]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/張嘉郡|張嘉郡]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/嘉義縣|嘉義縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/蔡易餘|蔡易餘]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/嘉義市|嘉義市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/王美惠|王美惠]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/臺南市|臺南市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳亭妃|陳亭妃]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/謝龍介|謝龍介]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/高雄市|高雄市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/賴瑞隆|賴瑞隆]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/柯志恩|柯志恩]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/屏東縣|屏東縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/周春米|周春米]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/蘇清泉|蘇清泉]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/宜蘭縣|宜蘭縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/林國漳|林國漳]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/吳宗憲 (1971年)|吳宗憲]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/花蓮縣|花蓮縣]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/游淑貞|游淑貞]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/臺東縣|臺東縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳瑩 (1972年)|陳瑩]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/吳秀華|吳秀華]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/澎湖縣|澎湖縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/吳淑瑾|吳淑瑾]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳振中 (1963年)|陳振中]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/金門縣|金門縣]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳玉珍 (1973年)|陳玉珍]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/連江縣 (中華民國)|連江縣]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/王忠銘|王忠銘]] |- |} [[Category:Wp/mnp]] [[Category:Wp/mnp/Dǒ-ṳ́ing]] {{INTERWIKI|Q139833063}} mo4m9t99tm14fxzy8773hsy62xirg1s 7374695 7374694 2026-10-26T07:18:39Z Sdf 1644287 removed [[Category:Wp/mnp/Dǒ-ṳ́ing]]; added [[Category:Wp/mnp/Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7374695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mnp/TwinHAN|2026-nîng Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ dā̤-hŏ̤-chī-dǒ̤ng iáu gṳ̄ing-chī-dǒ̤ng sṳ̌ing-gṳ̌}} '''2026年中華民國直轄市長邀縣市長選舉'''是中華民國直轄市長佮邀縣市長嗰選舉。 ==候選人== {| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="6" width="2000" |2026年中華民國直轄市長邀縣市長名單 |- ! rowspan="2" style="width:100px;" |縣市 ! rowspan="1" style="width:100px;" |[[Wp/mnp/民主進步黨|民主進步黨]] ! rowspan="1" style="width:100px;" |[[Wp/mnp/中國國民黨|中國國民黨]] |- ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #1B9431;" |候選人 ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #000099;" |候選人 |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/基隆市|基隆市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/童子瑋|童子瑋]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/謝國樑|謝國樑]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/臺北市|臺北市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/沈伯洋|沈伯洋]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/蔣萬安|蔣萬安]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/新北市|新北市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/蘇巧慧|蘇巧慧]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/李四川|李四川]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/桃園市|桃園市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/黃世杰|黃世杰]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/張善政|張善政]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/新竹縣|新竹縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/鄭朝方|鄭朝方]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/徐欣瑩|徐欣瑩]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/新竹市|新竹市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/莊競程|莊競程]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/苗栗縣|苗栗縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳品安|陳品安]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/鍾東錦|鍾東錦]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/臺中市|臺中市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/何欣純|何欣純]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/江啟臣|江啟臣]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/彰化縣|彰化縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳素月|陳素月]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/魏平政|魏平政]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/南投縣|南投縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/温世政|温世政]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/許淑華 (1975年)|許淑華]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/雲林縣|雲林縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/劉建國 (臺灣)|劉建國]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/張嘉郡|張嘉郡]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/嘉義縣|嘉義縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/蔡易餘|蔡易餘]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/嘉義市|嘉義市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/王美惠|王美惠]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/臺南市|臺南市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳亭妃|陳亭妃]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/謝龍介|謝龍介]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/高雄市|高雄市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/賴瑞隆|賴瑞隆]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/柯志恩|柯志恩]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/屏東縣|屏東縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/周春米|周春米]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/蘇清泉|蘇清泉]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/宜蘭縣|宜蘭縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/林國漳|林國漳]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/吳宗憲 (1971年)|吳宗憲]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/花蓮縣|花蓮縣]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/游淑貞|游淑貞]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/臺東縣|臺東縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳瑩 (1972年)|陳瑩]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/吳秀華|吳秀華]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/澎湖縣|澎湖縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/吳淑瑾|吳淑瑾]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳振中 (1963年)|陳振中]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/金門縣|金門縣]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳玉珍 (1973年)|陳玉珍]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/連江縣 (中華民國)|連江縣]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/王忠銘|王忠銘]] |- |} [[Category:Wp/mnp]] [[Category:Wp/mnp/Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q139833063}} 4jw629zi02rkjywi6k6wj51shq41u4f 7374696 7374695 2026-10-26T07:19:15Z Sdf 1644287 7374696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mnp/TwinHAN|2026 nîng Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ dā̤-hŏ̤-chī-dǒ̤ng iáu gṳ̄ing-chī-dǒ̤ng sṳ̌ing-gṳ̌}} '''2026年中華民國直轄市長邀縣市長選舉'''是中華民國直轄市長佮邀縣市長嗰選舉。 ==候選人== {| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="6" width="2000" |2026年中華民國直轄市長邀縣市長名單 |- ! rowspan="2" style="width:100px;" |縣市 ! rowspan="1" style="width:100px;" |[[Wp/mnp/民主進步黨|民主進步黨]] ! rowspan="1" style="width:100px;" |[[Wp/mnp/中國國民黨|中國國民黨]] |- ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #1B9431;" |候選人 ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #000099;" |候選人 |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/基隆市|基隆市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/童子瑋|童子瑋]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/謝國樑|謝國樑]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/臺北市|臺北市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/沈伯洋|沈伯洋]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/蔣萬安|蔣萬安]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/新北市|新北市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/蘇巧慧|蘇巧慧]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/李四川|李四川]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/桃園市|桃園市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/黃世杰|黃世杰]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/張善政|張善政]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/新竹縣|新竹縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/鄭朝方|鄭朝方]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/徐欣瑩|徐欣瑩]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/新竹市|新竹市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/莊競程|莊競程]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/苗栗縣|苗栗縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳品安|陳品安]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/鍾東錦|鍾東錦]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/臺中市|臺中市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/何欣純|何欣純]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/江啟臣|江啟臣]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/彰化縣|彰化縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳素月|陳素月]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/魏平政|魏平政]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/南投縣|南投縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/温世政|温世政]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/許淑華 (1975年)|許淑華]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/雲林縣|雲林縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/劉建國 (臺灣)|劉建國]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/張嘉郡|張嘉郡]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/嘉義縣|嘉義縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/蔡易餘|蔡易餘]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/嘉義市|嘉義市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/王美惠|王美惠]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/臺南市|臺南市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳亭妃|陳亭妃]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/謝龍介|謝龍介]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/高雄市|高雄市]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/賴瑞隆|賴瑞隆]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/柯志恩|柯志恩]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/屏東縣|屏東縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/周春米|周春米]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/蘇清泉|蘇清泉]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/宜蘭縣|宜蘭縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/林國漳|林國漳]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/吳宗憲 (1971年)|吳宗憲]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/花蓮縣|花蓮縣]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/游淑貞|游淑貞]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/臺東縣|臺東縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳瑩 (1972年)|陳瑩]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/吳秀華|吳秀華]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/澎湖縣|澎湖縣]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/吳淑瑾|吳淑瑾]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳振中 (1963年)|陳振中]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/金門縣|金門縣]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/陳玉珍 (1973年)|陳玉珍]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/連江縣 (中華民國)|連江縣]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/王忠銘|王忠銘]] |- |} [[Category:Wp/mnp]] [[Category:Wp/mnp/Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q139833063}} 3k8jojxr43hsi1g3mtbpwagifzsv71v 10 3827377 7374701 2026-10-26T08:01:22Z Almajidy 2647497 Created page with "/* Hide title on the main page - use body.page-Main_Page since these are outside page content */ body.page-Main_Page .firstHeading, body.page-Main_Page #contentSub { display: none; } body.page-Main_Page #mainpage-maptext { padding-top: 0px; } /* Row and box layout */ .mainpage_row { display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; padding: 0 1rem; margin: 0 0 1.2rem 0; } .mainpage_box { flex: 1; min-wid..." 7374701 sanitized-css text/css /* Hide title on the main page - use body.page-Main_Page since these are outside page content */ body.page-Main_Page .firstHeading, body.page-Main_Page #contentSub { display: none; } body.page-Main_Page #mainpage-maptext { padding-top: 0px; } /* Row and box layout */ .mainpage_row { display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; padding: 0 1rem; margin: 0 0 1.2rem 0; } .mainpage_box { flex: 1; min-width: 280px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); border-radius: 8px; padding: 1.2rem; background-color: var(--background-color-base, #ffffff); color: var(--color-base, #202122); box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); /* Subtle shadow adjustment */ box-sizing: border-box; } /* Box headers */ .mainpage_box h3 { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; padding: 0; color: var(--color-base, #202122); font-size: 1.5rem; } /* Sister projects section */ .mainpage-sister-projects { padding: 1rem 0; } .mainpage-sister-projects ul { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr)); gap: 1rem; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } .mainpage-sister-projects li { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.75rem; padding: 0.75rem; background: #f8f9fa; border-radius: 6px; transition: background 0.2s ease; } .mainpage-sister-projects li:hover { background: #eaecf0; } .mainpage-sister-projects div { margin: 0 0.5rem; color: #404244; } .mainpage-sister-projects span { color: #202122; font-weight: 600; } #audiences { margin-top: 20px; } @media (max-width: 500px) { /* temp: needs fixing on mobile */ .jcarousel-wrapper, .mainpage-desktop-only, #mapbanner-container { display: none !important; } .mainpage_row h3 { margin-bottom: 20px; } .mainpage_row figure { clear: none !important; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px !important; float: none !important; } .mainpage_row figure img { width: 100%; height: auto; } } .mainpage-shadowbox { color: white; background: rgb(16,16,16); background: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); border-radius: 4px; } .mainpage-shadowbox h2, .mainpage-shadowbox h3 { color: white; border:none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.2em; margin:0; padding: 0; /* was previously set only for h3, and skin styles would do the same for h2. however, cannot rely on skin to do this on mobile */ } .mainpage-shadowbox a { color: white; font-weight: bold; } mjb8dftm8i5gykgzzz0s6inzlyy76az 0 3827378 7374702 2026-10-26T08:02:31Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 Created page with "Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri Express FC omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.[1][2] [[Category:Wp/nyn]]" 7374702 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri Express FC omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.[1][2] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] hd492qjhfxh44e0bkiafy5bljq1a1jj 7374704 7374702 2026-10-26T08:04:07Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374704 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri Express FC omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.[1][2] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 0yhy3fggjifso6w05wdzd2i552q54mv 7374705 7374704 2026-10-26T08:04:44Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374705 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri Express FC omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.[1][2] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.[3] Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.[4][5] Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.[6] Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] g5umbvdhlgwaldunnlz4v09mt9cqns8 7374706 7374705 2026-10-26T08:05:07Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374706 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri Express FC omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.[1][2] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.[3] Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.[4][5] Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.[6] Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] == Ekitiinisa == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 8zrfrldyl7g13snmwlj6md48gtnmtab 7374707 7374706 2026-10-26T08:05:25Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374707 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri Express FC omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.[1][2] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.[3] Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.[4][5] Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.[6] Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper) [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 5dj94pojq84bwd82vkf7rjqk6y58jr2 7374708 7374707 2026-10-26T08:05:46Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374708 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri Express FC omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.[1][2] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.[3] Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.[4][5] Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.[6] Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper) == Reeba n'ebindi == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] caa7xs3ant91natjxwhmsxh404vtgzd 7374709 7374708 2026-10-26T08:06:46Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374709 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri Express FC omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.[1][2] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.[3] Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.[4][5] Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.[6] Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper) == Reeba n'ebindi == * Denis Onyango * Denis Kiggundu [[Category:Wp/nyn]] h1ac39j1xcbex3g493e12l8s2zz3rq5 7374710 7374709 2026-10-26T08:07:37Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374710 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri Express FC omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.[1][2] == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.[3] Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.[4][5] Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.[6] Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper) == Reeba n'ebindi == * Denis Onyango * Denis Kiggundu == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 3lvvycnya90rdt0xzcxkw4wshbqd1hd 7374711 7374710 2026-10-26T08:08:28Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374711 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga Uganda orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri Express FC omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.<ref>[https://upl.co.ug/player/emmanuel-kalyowa/ "Emmanuel Kalyowa".] Uganda Premier League - Official Website. 25 December 1996. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.[3] Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.[4][5] Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.[6] Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper) == Reeba n'ebindi == * Denis Onyango * Denis Kiggundu == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] pi98iat2y4ua9wbmnxz5lpyjrxzjt1z 7374712 7374711 2026-10-26T08:08:41Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374712 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri Express FC omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.<ref>[https://upl.co.ug/player/emmanuel-kalyowa/ "Emmanuel Kalyowa".] Uganda Premier League - Official Website. 25 December 1996. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.[3] Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.[4][5] Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.[6] Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper) == Reeba n'ebindi == * Denis Onyango * Denis Kiggundu == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] bqth1u294p914627z0cxqojauq0hcgi 7374713 7374712 2026-10-26T08:08:59Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374713 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri [[Wp/nyn/Express FC|Express FC]] omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.<ref>[https://upl.co.ug/player/emmanuel-kalyowa/ "Emmanuel Kalyowa".] Uganda Premier League - Official Website. 25 December 1996. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.[3] Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.[4][5] Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.[6] Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper) == Reeba n'ebindi == * Denis Onyango * Denis Kiggundu == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] sbal53d636gpqwepufgtc5ei3rsarb6 7374714 7374713 2026-10-26T08:09:38Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374714 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri [[Wp/nyn/Express FC|Express FC]] omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.<ref>[https://upl.co.ug/player/emmanuel-kalyowa/ "Emmanuel Kalyowa".] Uganda Premier League - Official Website. 25 December 1996. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://www.soccerdaba.com/players/3422.html Emmanuel Kalyowa"]. SOCCERDABA. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.[3] Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.[4][5] Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.[6] Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper) == Reeba n'ebindi == * Denis Onyango * Denis Kiggundu == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] ttuqvjbcatcnnp9ahxjne5ijkog4hfd 7374715 7374714 2026-10-26T08:10:25Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374715 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri [[Wp/nyn/Express FC|Express FC]] omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.<ref>[https://upl.co.ug/player/emmanuel-kalyowa/ "Emmanuel Kalyowa".] Uganda Premier League - Official Website. 25 December 1996. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://www.soccerdaba.com/players/3422.html Emmanuel Kalyowa"]. SOCCERDABA. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (28 October 2015). [https://kawowo.com/2015/10/28/emma-kalyowa-stars-as-express-go-top-uganda-premier-league/ "Emma Kalyowa stars as Express go top | Uganda Premier League"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.[4][5] Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.[6] Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper) == Reeba n'ebindi == * Denis Onyango * Denis Kiggundu == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 5ggkao0omrr35o9mrpt2v008yyh1hgd 7374718 7374715 2026-10-26T08:11:17Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374718 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri [[Wp/nyn/Express FC|Express FC]] omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.<ref>[https://upl.co.ug/player/emmanuel-kalyowa/ "Emmanuel Kalyowa".] Uganda Premier League - Official Website. 25 December 1996. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://www.soccerdaba.com/players/3422.html Emmanuel Kalyowa"]. SOCCERDABA. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (28 October 2015). [https://kawowo.com/2015/10/28/emma-kalyowa-stars-as-express-go-top-uganda-premier-league/ "Emma Kalyowa stars as Express go top | Uganda Premier League"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.<ref>Editorial, PML DAILY EDITOR | PML Daily (19 August 2021). [https://pmldaily.com/sports/2021/08/tusaba-kalyowa-complete-move-to-bul-fc.html "Tusaba, Kalyowa complete move to BUL FC]". PML Daily. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.[6] Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper) == Reeba n'ebindi == * Denis Onyango * Denis Kiggundu == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] k13k9rtr2xejf3tknqmvbn753s3go65 7374719 7374718 2026-10-26T08:11:54Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374719 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri [[Wp/nyn/Express FC|Express FC]] omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.<ref>[https://upl.co.ug/player/emmanuel-kalyowa/ "Emmanuel Kalyowa".] Uganda Premier League - Official Website. 25 December 1996. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://www.soccerdaba.com/players/3422.html Emmanuel Kalyowa"]. SOCCERDABA. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (28 October 2015). [https://kawowo.com/2015/10/28/emma-kalyowa-stars-as-express-go-top-uganda-premier-league/ "Emma Kalyowa stars as Express go top | Uganda Premier League"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.<ref>Editorial, PML DAILY EDITOR | PML Daily (19 August 2021). [https://pmldaily.com/sports/2021/08/tusaba-kalyowa-complete-move-to-bul-fc.html "Tusaba, Kalyowa complete move to BUL FC]". PML Daily. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (1 February 2016). [https://kawowo.com/2016/02/01/lweza-f-c-signs-kalyowa-from-express-f-c/ "Lweza F.C signs Kalyowa from Express F.C"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.[6] Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper) == Reeba n'ebindi == * Denis Onyango * Denis Kiggundu == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 7nz5kc0qzyudol3v13xz5ososrxoh7h 7374721 7374719 2026-10-26T08:13:44Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374721 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri [[Wp/nyn/Express FC|Express FC]] omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.<ref>[https://upl.co.ug/player/emmanuel-kalyowa/ "Emmanuel Kalyowa".] Uganda Premier League - Official Website. 25 December 1996. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://www.soccerdaba.com/players/3422.html Emmanuel Kalyowa"]. SOCCERDABA. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (28 October 2015). [https://kawowo.com/2015/10/28/emma-kalyowa-stars-as-express-go-top-uganda-premier-league/ "Emma Kalyowa stars as Express go top | Uganda Premier League"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.<ref>Editorial, PML DAILY EDITOR | PML Daily (19 August 2021). [https://pmldaily.com/sports/2021/08/tusaba-kalyowa-complete-move-to-bul-fc.html "Tusaba, Kalyowa complete move to BUL FC]". PML Daily. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (1 February 2016). [https://kawowo.com/2016/02/01/lweza-f-c-signs-kalyowa-from-express-f-c/ "Lweza F.C signs Kalyowa from Express F.C"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.<ref>[https://swiftsportsug.com/2023/07/09/former-bul-fc-goalkeeper-joins-rwandas-kiyovu/ "Former BUL FC goalkeeper joins Rwanda's Kiyovu"]. Swift Sports Uganda. 9 July 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.[7] == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper) == Reeba n'ebindi == * Denis Onyango * Denis Kiggundu == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 048kty3j3ikfrv6j9gnhmcj4y3dqusb 7374725 7374721 2026-10-26T08:16:25Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374725 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri [[Wp/nyn/Express FC|Express FC]] omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.<ref>[https://upl.co.ug/player/emmanuel-kalyowa/ "Emmanuel Kalyowa".] Uganda Premier League - Official Website. 25 December 1996. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://www.soccerdaba.com/players/3422.html Emmanuel Kalyowa"]. SOCCERDABA. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (28 October 2015). [https://kawowo.com/2015/10/28/emma-kalyowa-stars-as-express-go-top-uganda-premier-league/ "Emma Kalyowa stars as Express go top | Uganda Premier League"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.<ref>Editorial, PML DAILY EDITOR | PML Daily (19 August 2021). [https://pmldaily.com/sports/2021/08/tusaba-kalyowa-complete-move-to-bul-fc.html "Tusaba, Kalyowa complete move to BUL FC]". PML Daily. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (1 February 2016). [https://kawowo.com/2016/02/01/lweza-f-c-signs-kalyowa-from-express-f-c/ "Lweza F.C signs Kalyowa from Express F.C"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.<ref>[https://swiftsportsug.com/2023/07/09/former-bul-fc-goalkeeper-joins-rwandas-kiyovu/ "Former BUL FC goalkeeper joins Rwanda's Kiyovu"]. Swift Sports Uganda. 9 July 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.<ref>[https://swiftsportsug.com/2024/08/30/former-bul-fc-goalkeeper-joins-express-fc/ "Former BUL FC goalkeeper joins Express FC"]. Swift Sports Uganda. 30 August 2024. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper) == Reeba n'ebindi == * Denis Onyango * Denis Kiggundu == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] nfrxkablsmfaeth9o0xvnyd2wdkoooj 7374728 7374725 2026-10-26T08:19:55Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374728 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri [[Wp/nyn/Express FC|Express FC]] omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.<ref>[https://upl.co.ug/player/emmanuel-kalyowa/ "Emmanuel Kalyowa".] Uganda Premier League - Official Website. 25 December 1996. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://www.soccerdaba.com/players/3422.html Emmanuel Kalyowa"]. SOCCERDABA. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (28 October 2015). [https://kawowo.com/2015/10/28/emma-kalyowa-stars-as-express-go-top-uganda-premier-league/ "Emma Kalyowa stars as Express go top | Uganda Premier League"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.<ref>Editorial, PML DAILY EDITOR | PML Daily (19 August 2021). [https://pmldaily.com/sports/2021/08/tusaba-kalyowa-complete-move-to-bul-fc.html "Tusaba, Kalyowa complete move to BUL FC]". PML Daily. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (1 February 2016). [https://kawowo.com/2016/02/01/lweza-f-c-signs-kalyowa-from-express-f-c/ "Lweza F.C signs Kalyowa from Express F.C"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.<ref>[https://swiftsportsug.com/2023/07/09/former-bul-fc-goalkeeper-joins-rwandas-kiyovu/ "Former BUL FC goalkeeper joins Rwanda's Kiyovu"]. Swift Sports Uganda. 9 July 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.<ref>[https://swiftsportsug.com/2024/08/30/former-bul-fc-goalkeeper-joins-express-fc/ "Former BUL FC goalkeeper joins Express FC"]. Swift Sports Uganda. 30 August 2024. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper).<ref>Reporter, NewVision (13 June 2022). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/bul-players-sweep-uganda-cup-individual-award-NV_136091 "BUL players sweep Uganda Cup individual awards"]. New Vision. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Reeba n'ebindi == * Denis Onyango * Denis Kiggundu == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] cj3vtw1bhgnruf0mevwufjcm9aye88x 7374729 7374728 2026-10-26T08:20:21Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374729 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri [[Wp/nyn/Express FC|Express FC]] omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.<ref>[https://upl.co.ug/player/emmanuel-kalyowa/ "Emmanuel Kalyowa".] Uganda Premier League - Official Website. 25 December 1996. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://www.soccerdaba.com/players/3422.html Emmanuel Kalyowa"]. SOCCERDABA. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (28 October 2015). [https://kawowo.com/2015/10/28/emma-kalyowa-stars-as-express-go-top-uganda-premier-league/ "Emma Kalyowa stars as Express go top | Uganda Premier League"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.<ref>Editorial, PML DAILY EDITOR | PML Daily (19 August 2021). [https://pmldaily.com/sports/2021/08/tusaba-kalyowa-complete-move-to-bul-fc.html "Tusaba, Kalyowa complete move to BUL FC]". PML Daily. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (1 February 2016). [https://kawowo.com/2016/02/01/lweza-f-c-signs-kalyowa-from-express-f-c/ "Lweza F.C signs Kalyowa from Express F.C"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.<ref>[https://swiftsportsug.com/2023/07/09/former-bul-fc-goalkeeper-joins-rwandas-kiyovu/ "Former BUL FC goalkeeper joins Rwanda's Kiyovu"]. Swift Sports Uganda. 9 July 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.<ref>[https://swiftsportsug.com/2024/08/30/former-bul-fc-goalkeeper-joins-express-fc/ "Former BUL FC goalkeeper joins Express FC"]. Swift Sports Uganda. 30 August 2024. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper).<ref>Reporter, NewVision (13 June 2022). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/bul-players-sweep-uganda-cup-individual-award-NV_136091 "BUL players sweep Uganda Cup individual awards"]. New Vision. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Reeba n'ebindi == * [[Wp/nyn/Denis Onyango|Denis Onyango]] * Denis Kiggundu == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 57lv4ewlfwajbnt3a9q04c0gr4q6nuk 7374730 7374729 2026-10-26T08:20:32Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374730 wikitext text/x-wiki Emmanuel Kalyowa (owazairwe 1 Janwari 1997) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omukugu kuruga [[Wp/nyn/Uganda|Uganda]] orikuzaana nk'omukwasi wa goolo omuri [[Wp/nyn/Express FC|Express FC]] omu riigi ya Uganda ey'okubanza.<ref>[https://upl.co.ug/player/emmanuel-kalyowa/ "Emmanuel Kalyowa".] Uganda Premier League - Official Website. 25 December 1996. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>"[https://www.soccerdaba.com/players/3422.html Emmanuel Kalyowa"]. SOCCERDABA. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Omurimo gw'ekibiina == Kalyowa akatandika omurimo gwe na Express FC, omu Kwaikumi 2015.<ref>Kiyonga, Ismael (28 October 2015). [https://kawowo.com/2015/10/28/emma-kalyowa-stars-as-express-go-top-uganda-premier-league/ "Emma Kalyowa stars as Express go top | Uganda Premier League"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Omu Kwakabiri 2016, akaza omuri Lweza FC kandi omu Kwa munaana 2021, yaaza omuri BUL FC kuruga Nyamityobora FC.<ref>Editorial, PML DAILY EDITOR | PML Daily (19 August 2021). [https://pmldaily.com/sports/2021/08/tusaba-kalyowa-complete-move-to-bul-fc.html "Tusaba, Kalyowa complete move to BUL FC]". PML Daily. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref><ref>Isabirye, David (1 February 2016). [https://kawowo.com/2016/02/01/lweza-f-c-signs-kalyowa-from-express-f-c/ "Lweza F.C signs Kalyowa from Express F.C"]. Kawowo Sports. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Akahendera yaata omukono na Kiyovu Sports Club omu Rwanda Premier League.<ref>[https://swiftsportsug.com/2023/07/09/former-bul-fc-goalkeeper-joins-rwandas-kiyovu/ "Former BUL FC goalkeeper joins Rwanda's Kiyovu"]. Swift Sports Uganda. 9 July 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> Omu Kwa munaana 2024, Kalyowa akagaruka omuri Express FC.<ref>[https://swiftsportsug.com/2024/08/30/former-bul-fc-goalkeeper-joins-express-fc/ "Former BUL FC goalkeeper joins Express FC"]. Swift Sports Uganda. 30 August 2024. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Ekitiinisa == '''Stanbic Uganda Cup''': 2021–22 (Best Goalkeeper).<ref>Reporter, NewVision (13 June 2022). [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/bul-players-sweep-uganda-cup-individual-award-NV_136091 "BUL players sweep Uganda Cup individual awards"]. New Vision. Retrieved 6 September 2025.</ref> == Reeba n'ebindi == * [[Wp/nyn/Denis Onyango|Denis Onyango]] * [[Wp/nyn/Denis Kiggundu|Denis Kiggundu]] == Eby'okureeberaho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] n77y6uv7vvl0ghcazwqz38x6cf2l9k2 0 3827379 7374717 2026-10-26T08:10:58Z Sdf 1644287 Sdf moved page [[Wp/mnp/Lîng-gó̤ng-gṳ̄ing (Dǒ-ṳ́ing Dúing-gṳ̆)]] to [[Wp/mnp/Lîng-gó̤ng-gṳ̄ing (Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ)]]: 國家為主 7374717 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/mnp/Lîng-gó̤ng-gṳ̄ing (Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ)]] kyqrodtai2d7sc83id82acb3dmp8e67 0 3827380 7374720 2026-10-26T08:11:56Z Sdf 1644287 Created page with "{{Wp/mnp/TwinHAN|2026年中華民國直轄市長邀縣市長選舉}} '''2026 nîng Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ dā̤-hŏ̤-chī-dǒ̤ng iáu gṳ̄ing-chī-dǒ̤ng sṳ̌ing-gṳ̌'''sī [[Wp/mnp/Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ|Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ]] [[Wp/mnp/Dā̤-hŏ̤-chī|dā̤-hŏ̤-chī]]-dǒ̤ng iáu [[Wp/mnp/Gṳ̄ing-dǒ̤ng|gṳ̄ing]]-[[Wp/mnp/Chī-dǒ̤ng|chī-dǒ̤ng]] gâ̤ [[Wp/mnp/Sṳ̌ing-gṳ̌|sṳ̌ing-gṳ̌]]. ==Hē-sṳ̌ing-nêng== {| class="wikitable collaps..." 7374720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wp/mnp/TwinHAN|2026年中華民國直轄市長邀縣市長選舉}} '''2026 nîng Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ dā̤-hŏ̤-chī-dǒ̤ng iáu gṳ̄ing-chī-dǒ̤ng sṳ̌ing-gṳ̌'''sī [[Wp/mnp/Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ|Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ]] [[Wp/mnp/Dā̤-hŏ̤-chī|dā̤-hŏ̤-chī]]-dǒ̤ng iáu [[Wp/mnp/Gṳ̄ing-dǒ̤ng|gṳ̄ing]]-[[Wp/mnp/Chī-dǒ̤ng|chī-dǒ̤ng]] gâ̤ [[Wp/mnp/Sṳ̌ing-gṳ̌|sṳ̌ing-gṳ̌]]. ==Hē-sṳ̌ing-nêng== {| class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="6" width="2000" |2026 nîng Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ dā̤-hŏ̤-chī-dǒ̤ng iáu gṳ̄ing-chī-dǒ̤ng miâng-dúing |- ! rowspan="2" style="width:100px;" |Gṳ̄ing-chī ! rowspan="1" style="width:100px;" |[[Wp/mnp/Měng-cṳ̌ Ce̿ng-bū Dǒ̤ng|Měng-cṳ̌ Ce̿ng-bū Dǒ̤ng]] ! rowspan="1" style="width:100px;" |[[Wp/mnp/Dô̤ng-gŏ Gŏ-měng Dǒ̤ng|Dô̤ng-gŏ Gŏ-měng Dǒ̤ng]] |- ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #1B9431;" |Hē-sṳ̌ing-nêng ! style="width:100px; border-bottom:4px solid #000099;" |Hē-sṳ̌ing-nêng |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Gí-lê̤ng-chī|Gí-lê̤ng-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Tô̤ng Ciě-ṳ̌|Tô̤ng Ciě-ṳ̌]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Siā Gŏ-liô̤ng|Siā Gŏ-liô̤ng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Dǒ-bă̤-chī|Dǒ-bă̤-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Sěng Bă-iô̤ng|Sěng Bă-iô̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Ciǒng Uāing-úing|Ciǒng Uāing-úing]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Séng-bă̤-chī|Séng-bă̤-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Sú Kiǎu-hṳ̄|Sú Kiǎu-hṳ̄]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Lǐ Si̿-chṳ́ing|Lǐ Si̿-chṳ́ing]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Tâu-hṳ̂ing-chī|Tâu-hṳ̂ing-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Uâng Si̿-giĕ|Uâng Si̿-giĕ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Dióng Sīng-céng|Dióng Sīng-céng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Séng-dṳ̆-gṳ̄ing|Séng-dṳ̆-gṳ̄ing]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Tiāng Dió̤-huó̤ng|Tiāng Dió̤-huó̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Cṳ̌ Hēng-ě̤ng|Cṳ̌ Hēng-ě̤ng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Séng-dṳ̆-chī|Séng-dṳ̆-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Có̤ng Cáing-diǎng|Có̤ng Cáing-diǎng]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Miâu-là̤-gṳ̄ing|Miâu-là̤-gṳ̄ing]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Děng Pěng-úing|Děng Pěng-úing]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Cé̤ng Dóng-gěng|Cé̤ng Dóng-gěng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Dǒ-dô̤ng-chī|Dǒ-dô̤ng-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Ǒ̤ Hēng-sě̤ng|Ǒ̤ Hēng-sě̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Gó̤ng Kǐ-chěng|Gó̤ng Kǐ-chěng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Ció̤ng-hua̿-gṳ̄ing|Ció̤ng-hua̿-gṳ̄ing]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Děng Sū̄-ngṳè|Děng Sū̄-ngṳè]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Ngṳē Běng-céng|Ngṳē Běng-céng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Nâng-dě-gṳ̄ing|Nâng-dě-gṳ̄ing]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Ó̤ng si̿-céng|Ó̤ng si̿-céng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Hṳ̌ Sṳ̆-uǎ (1975 nîng)|Hṳ̌ Sṳ̆-uǎ]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Ě̤ng-lêng-gṳ̄ing|Ě̤ng-lêng-gṳ̄ing]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Liǔ Gu̿ing-gŏ (Dǒ-ṳ́ing)|Liǔ Gu̿ing-gŏ]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Dióng Gá-ge̤̿ng|Dióng Gá-ge̤̿ng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Gá-ngī-gṳ̄ing|Gá-ngī-gṳ̄ing]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Chuō̄i Ī-ṳ̌|Chuō̄i Ī-ṳ̌]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Gá-ngī-chī|Gá-ngī-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Uâng Mǐ-hṳ̄|Uâng Mǐ-hṳ̄]] | align="center" | |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Dǒ-nâng-chī|Dǒ-nâng-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Děng Dǎing-hí|Děng Dǎing-hí]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Siā Lê̤ng-gā̄i|Siā Lê̤ng-gā̄i]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Gau-hê̤ng-chī|Gau-hê̤ng-chī]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Lāi Sṳ̄-lê̤ng|Lāi Sṳ̄-lê̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Kó̤ Ci̿-áing|Kó̤ Ci̿-áing]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Běng-dóng-gṳ̄ing|Běng-dóng-gṳ̄ing]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Ciú Ché̤ng-mì|Ciú Ché̤ng-mì]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Sú Chéng-cûing|Sú Chéng-cûing]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Ngǐ-lǔing-gṳ̄ing|Ngǐ-lǔing-gṳ̄ing]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Lêng Gŏ-cióng|Lêng Gŏ-cióng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Ngû Cóng-hṳ̄̄ing (1971 nîng)|Ngû Cóng-hṳ̄̄ing]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Huá-lâing-gṳ̄ing|Huá-lâing-gṳ̄ing]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Iǔ Sṳ̆-déng|Iǔ Sṳ̆-déng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Dǒ-dóng-gṳ̄ing|Dǒ-dóng-gṳ̄ing]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Děng Ě̤ng (1972 nîng)|Děng Ě̤ng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Ngû Siū̄-uǎ|Ngû Siū̄-uǎ]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Pâng-ǔ-gṳ̄ing|Pâng-ǔ-gṳ̄ing]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Ngû Sṳ̆-gěng|Ngû Sṳ̆-gěng]] | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Děng Cěng-dé̤ng (1963 nîng)|Děng Cěng-dé̤ng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Géng-móng-gṳ̄ing|Géng-móng-gṳ̄ing]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Děng Ngṳ̀-céng (1973 nîng)|Děng Ngṳ̀-céng]] |- | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Lîng-gó̤ng-gṳ̄ing (Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ)|Lîng-gó̤ng-gṳ̄ing]] | align="center" | | align="center" |[[Wp/mnp/Uâng Dé̤ng-měng|Uâng Dé̤ng-měng]] |- |} [[Category:Wp/mnp]] [[Category:Wp/mnp/Dô̤ng-uǎ Měng-gŏ]] {{INTERWIKI|Q136450556}} gakd2gppa2p07q0soybfitrm373hq12 0 3827381 7374722 2026-10-26T08:15:36Z Almajidy 2647497 Created page with "{pagebanner|Maps Pagebanner.jpg|caption=}} {{Wy/ar/Seealso|بعثة إعداد الخرائط في ويكي الرحلات}} '''الخرائط''' رسوم بيانية تُظهر مواقع الوجهات بالنسبة إلى الأماكن الأخرى. ويمكن استخدامها مرجعًا أو للتخطيط أو أثناء السفر، أو للجمع بين هذه الأغراض. ==تعرّف== === التاريخ === File:Bali regions map.png|alt=|thumb|3..." 7374722 wikitext text/x-wiki {pagebanner|Maps Pagebanner.jpg|caption=}} {{Wy/ar/Seealso|بعثة إعداد الخرائط في ويكي الرحلات}} '''الخرائط''' رسوم بيانية تُظهر مواقع الوجهات بالنسبة إلى الأماكن الأخرى. ويمكن استخدامها مرجعًا أو للتخطيط أو أثناء السفر، أو للجمع بين هذه الأغراض. ==تعرّف== === التاريخ === [[File:Bali regions map.png|alt=|thumb|375x375px|خريطة [[Wy/ar/بالي|بالي]] أُعدّت لويكي رحلات، وتُظهر المناطق والطرق الرئيسية وبعض المواقع المهمة<!-- مشار إليها في النص -->]] وُجدت الخرائط منذ مئات السنين، وأصبح رسمها أكثر شيوعًا مع انطلاق رحلات الاستكشاف واكتشاف أراضٍ جديدة. غير أن تلك الخرائط، ومنها ما رسمه المستكشفون في القرن السادس عشر (انظر [[Wy/ar/عصر الاستكشاف|عصر الاستكشاف]])، لم تكن دقيقة في كثير من الأحيان، لافتقار صانعيها إلى الأدوات اللازمة. ومع ذلك، فقد تضمنت عادةً معالم تساعد على استخدامها عمليًا في الملاحة أو غيرها من الأغراض المقصودة. ولفهم رموزها تمامًا، ينبغي فهم تقنيات الملاحة في ذلك العصر. فليس من الضروري معرفة الموقع الدقيق لأحد المعالم، ما دمت تستطيع تحديد طريق آمن يمر بالقرب منه بما يكفي للعثور عليه. ازدادت دقة رسم الخرائط تدريجيًا مع تطور التقنيات ذات الصلة، وبفضل التصوير الجوي والأقمار الصناعية ونظام تحديد المواقع العالمي (GPS)، أصبحت الخرائط شديدة الدقة. لكن هذه الدقة أوجدت مشكلات جديدة؛ ففي أساليب التثليث القديمة، كانت المواقع ''النسبية'' للمعالم دقيقة غالبًا، مع احتمال وجود انحراف كبير عن مواقعها الجغرافية المعلنة. فربما كان الممر الملاحي مرسومًا بصورة صحيحة بين جزيرتين، لكن لأن موضعي الجزيرتين غير صحيحين، قد يوجّه جهاز ملاحة يعتمد على GPS قائد القارب مباشرةً نحو إحداهما. تُدرج الخرائط عادةً في الموسوعات وأدلة السفر مثل هذا الدليل؛ وقد أُعدّت الخريطة الظاهرة إلى اليمين خصيصًا لويكي الرحلات.<!--File:Bali regions map.png--> === أنواع الخرائط === ==== الأشكال والتصاميم ==== كانت خرائط كثيرة، ولا سيما في العصور القديمة، تُرسم على ورقة واحدة؛ أما الخرائط الحديثة فتتوفر بأشكال أخرى، منها المطويات والكتب الكاملة التي تُسمى الأطالس. والخريطة المجسمة للعالم كله بمقياس رسم هي ''الكرة الأرضية''، وهي خالية من تشوهات الإسقاط، لكنها بطبيعتها أصعب حملًا بكثير من نظيراتها ثنائية الأبعاد. بينما كانت الخرائط التاريخية تُرسم غالبًا باليد، فإن معظم الخرائط اليوم تُنتج بالحاسوب. تتوفر اليوم معلومات غزيرة عن أي منطقة، ولذلك يتمثل القرار التصميمي الأهم في الموازنة بين كمية المعلومات المعروضة وسهولة فهمها؛ فالخريطة المكتظة بالتفاصيل يصعب استخدامها. ويحتاج من يقود على الطرق السريعة إلى تمييز المدن الكبرى وأرقام الطرق بسهولة، وهي معلومات تظهر بوضوح أيضًا على اللافتات، ويمكن إضافة معالم أخرى ما دامت لا تعيق ذلك. ويحتاج راكب الدراجة إلى خريطة تُظهر مسارات الدراجات وأكتاف الطرق السريعة الصالحة للاستخدام والطرق الفرعية المناسبة والتضاريس. أما المسافر بخيمة أو مقطورة فيحتاج إلى معرفة مواقع التخييم، وهي معلومات لا تهم غيره بالقدر نفسه. ==== إسقاطات الخرائط ==== [[File:Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection SW.jpg|thumb|420px|يحافظ إسقاط لامبرت على المساحات الصحيحة ولا يشوه المنطقة الاستوائية، لكنه يشوه الأشكال والمسافات عند خطوط العرض العليا.]] [[File:Gall–Peters projection SW.jpg|thumb|320px|إسقاط غال–بيترز أحد الأشكال البديلة التي تقع فيها المناطق غير المشوهة في مواضع أخرى، وهنا عند خطي عرض 15° شمالًا وجنوبًا.]] {{Wy/ar/Mapframe|0|0|zoom=0|width=320|height=250|name=في هذا الإسقاط تتمدد المناطق القريبة من القطبين أيضًا من الجنوب إلى الشمال للحفاظ على صحة الأشكال، مما يجعل تشوه المساحات بالغ الشدة.}} واجه رسامو الخرائط عبر التاريخ مشكلة أن الأرض كروية تقريبًا، أي جسم مستدير ثلاثي الأبعاد، بينما الخرائط ثنائية الأبعاد ومستطيلة. ولذلك استخدموا طرقًا مختلفة لنقل شكل الأرض إلى خريطة مستطيلة ثنائية الأبعاد. ومن أساليب الإسقاط الشائعة ضغط المسافات قرب خط الاستواء وتمديدها عند خطوط العرض العليا. ولهذا تبدو كتل يابسة صغيرة نسبيًا قرب القطب الشمالي بحجم قارات تقع قرب خط الاستواء. يمكن تصميم الخرائط بحيث تحافظ على صحة المسافات أو الزوايا أو المساحات، ولكن لا يمكن الحفاظ على الثلاثة معًا في الوقت نفسه. كما أن التشوهات ليست متساوية في أنحاء الخريطة. وقد تعطي الإسقاطات المختلفة صورة دقيقة نسبيًا على امتداد خط طول أو دائرة عرض أو حول نقطة معينة، مع ازدياد التشوه بعيدًا عن المنطقة موضع الاهتمام. وقد تكون الفروق طفيفة أحيانًا، لكن عند إجراء قياسات دقيقة لمسافات طويلة، كما في الملاحة، يجب مراعاة خصائص الإسقاط. وتبدو التشوهات واضحة في خرائط العالم، وإن كان من اعتاد إسقاطًا معينًا قد يظن أنه يمثل الشكل الحقيقي. ==== الأغراض ==== تخدم الخرائط أغراضًا كثيرة، لكن أهمها للمسافرين عادةً خرائط الطرق، والخرائط السياسية التي تُظهر الحدود الوطنية، والخرائط الطبوغرافية التي تُظهر الجبال والصحاري والأنهار وغيرها. وتحاول خرائط كثيرة متعددة الأغراض الجمع بين هذه الأنواع الثلاثة بدرجات متفاوتة. == شراء خريطة == [[File:Michelin map nr 4 of 1940.jpg|thumb|right|غلاف خريطة ميشلان لمونس ولوكسمبورغ من عام 1940]]{{Wy/ar/Mapframe|51.505|-0.12|zoom=12|name=خريطة أوبن ستريت ماب لـ[[Wy/ar/وسط لندن|وسط لندن]]}} تتوفر الخرائط غالبًا في المتاجر التي تخدم مستخدمي نوع الخريطة المطلوب. ويمكن شراء خرائط الطرق من محطات الوقود، وخرائط المشي الجبلي من مراكز الزوار أو متاجر معدات التنزه، وهكذا. وتبيع مكتبات كثيرة الخرائط أيضًا. وبالطبع يمكن شراؤها عبر الإنترنت، من المتاجر الإلكترونية لتلك الشركات أو من الناشرين أنفسهم. === شركات إعداد الخرائط === [[File:Ordnance Survey maps, W.H. Smith, Enfield.jpg|thumb|متجر يبيع الخرائط]] ==== الخرائط الورقية ==== <!-- هناك مجال لثلاثة عناصر أخرى في هذا القسم إذا اتبعنا حد 7±2 --> * تنتج '''[https://collins.co.uk/pages/a-z/ أطالس شوارع الجغرافيين A–Z]''' خرائط للمناطق الحضرية في المملكة المتحدة. وصدر أول أطلس للندن عام 1936، بعدما أنجزت رسامة الخرائط فيليس بيرسال مهمة ضخمة تمثلت في السير لمسافة 3000 ميل لتغطية شوارع لندن البالغ عددها 23,000 شارع، والتحقق من أسمائها ومواقعها، بل وتحديد أرقام المباني والمحطات والمعالم المهمة. ولم تُرسم الشوارع على الخرائط فحسب، بل أُدرجت أيضًا في فهرس طويل، من طريق '''A'''aron Hill إلى شارع '''Z'''offany! ومع أن أطلس لندن لا يزال الأشهر، أصبح لكل منطقة حضرية في بريطانيا أطلس A–Z خاص بها، وألهمت السلسلة نسخًا عديدة من منافسين تجاريين. * تنتج شركة إطارات السيارات '''[https://travel.michelin.co.uk/ ميشلان]{{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}''' بعضًا من أفضل خرائط الطرق في أوروبا، ولا سيما خرائط فرنسا، موطن الشركة، وكذلك معظم البلدان الأوروبية الأخرى والقارة ككل. وبدأ إنتاجها عام 1905 استكمالًا لأدلتها الشهيرة ''Guides rouges'' (الأدلة الحمراء للفنادق والمطاعم، المرتبطة بمنح نجوم ميشلان المرموقة)؛ ثم ظهرت ''Guides verts'' (الأدلة الخضراء للمعالم السياحية والطرق ذات المناظر الخلابة والمدن المثيرة للاهتمام) في ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين. ومن أبرز منتجي أطالس الطرق الآخرين في السوق الأوروبية '''[http://www.theaa.com/travel/aa-shop-maps-and-atlases.html AA]''' و[https://collins.co.uk/ '''كولينز'''] و[https://www.octopusbooks.co.uk/landing-page/philips-octopus/ '''فيليبس''']. * أُجري '''[https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk المسح الجغرافي البريطاني (Ordnance Survey)]''' للمرة الأولى في أنحاء بريطانيا العظمى عقب انتفاضة اليعاقبة عام 1745، وكان محاولة رائدة لرسم خرائط اسكتلندا كلها أولًا، ثم الجزر البريطانية بأكملها، بمقياس 1:36,000. وخلال القرون الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر وأوائل العشرين، نُقحت هذه الخرائط وحُدثت باستخدام التثليث؛ ونقاط التثليث القائمة على معظم قمم البلاد نتاج أعمال عام 1936. واليوم تستخدم الهيئة الخرائط المعتمدة على الأقمار الصناعية مثل غيرها، وتنتج بفارق كبير أكثر الخرائط الطبوغرافية البريطانية تفصيلًا، وهي ضرورية لكل مسافر يريد الخروج عن المسارات المعتادة. وتُعد خرائط ''Landranger'' متعددة الأغراض ذات الأغلفة الوردية (1:50,000)، وخرائط ''Explorer'' للمشي وركوب الدراجات ذات الأغلفة البرتقالية (1:25,000)، أشهر سلسلتين، إلى جانب [https://www.mapserve.co.uk/blog/all-about-mastermap OS MasterMap]، المنتج المتقدم للهيئة الذي يغطي جميع المعالم الثابتة في المملكة المتحدة التي يزيد حجمها على بضعة أمتار ضمن خريطة رقمية واحدة متصلة. * تشتهر '''[https://www.randmcnally.com راند ماكنالي]''' بخرائط الولايات المتحدة. وتنشر الشركة كتبًا تُخصص فيها كل صفحة لخريطة ولاية من [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات الخمسين]]. وتتضمن الكتب أقسامًا أخرى، مثل معلومات عن طرق ووجهات معينة. واستخدم أطالس الطرق الوطنية من راند ماكنالي إذا كنت مهتمًا بالسفر لمسافات طويلة (نحو مئة ميل أو أكثر)، لا إذا كنت تقود داخل مدينة أو تريد تضاريس مكان معين بتفصيل دقيق. * لا توجد خريطة لمدينة أكثر ألفةً لسكانها وزوارها من خريطة شبكة النقل العام فيها. ولعل أكثر هذه الخرائط تأثيرًا '''خريطة مترو أنفاق لندن'''، ولا سيما نسخة عام 1933 التي ابتكرها الرسام التقني هاري بيك؛ فقد كانت أول خريطة تتخلى عن الدقة الجغرافية وتركز على رسم مبسط للخطوط يشبه «مخطط الدوائر الكهربائية»، بألوان أساسية واضحة، وبخطوط رأسية وأفقية وقطرية بزاوية 45° فقط. ويمكن رؤية تأثير بيك في خريطة المترو الحديثة، وكذلك في خرائط شبكات المترو حول العالم. ومن خرائط النقل الشهيرة الأخرى، وإن لم تتبع جميعها مبادئ بيك، خرائط أنظمة برلين وشيكاغو ومدريد وموسكو ونيويورك وباريس وطوكيو وواشنطن العاصمة. * يصدر '''[https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-hydrographic-office المكتب الهيدروغرافي للمملكة المتحدة]''' خرائط الأميرالية البحرية لمعظم المناطق المهمة للملاحة الدولية. ومع أن الخرائط المنتجة محليًا قد تكون أكثر تفصيلًا، فإن تغطيتها شبه العالمية تجعل خرائط الأميرالية خيارًا شائعًا. ==== الخرائط الإلكترونية ====<!-- هناك مجال لاثني عشر عنصرًا إضافيًا في هذا القسم إذا اتبعنا حد 15 --> {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الملاحة|الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي}} تأتي معظم أجهزة الملاحة وتطبيقاتها مزودة بخرائط. ويتطلب بعضها شراء الخرائط المطلوبة، ويتيح بعضها تنزيلها مجانًا، بينما يستخدم بعضها خرائط عبر الإنترنت تُحمّل أجزاءً صغيرة حسب الحاجة، ما دام اتصال الإنترنت يعمل. ويمكن استخدام بعض الخرائط الإلكترونية من خلال متصفح الويب. من الخرائط المتوفرة على شبكة الويب: * '''[https://www.openstreetmap.org/about أوبن ستريت ماب]''' (OSM) خدمة خرائط مفتوحة المصدر على الإنترنت يديرها متطوعون. وتعتمد معظم خرائط ويكي الرحلات على بياناتها، مع عرض بعض طبقاتها. وتُستخدم بياناتها أيضًا، مثلًا، في بعض خرائط ركوب الدراجات والمشي الجبلي. * '''[https://www.google.com/maps/about/ خرائط جوجل]''' أحد منتجات جوجل العديدة، وتشبه إلى حد كبير أوبن ستريت ماب. وتوفر خرائط جوجل أيضًا إرشادات الاتجاهات؛ إذ يمكنك إدخال نقطة الانطلاق والوجهة ليعطيك النظام مسارًا يمكنك طباعته. وتدير جوجل أيضًا '''[https://www.google.com/earth/ جوجل إيرث]'''، وهو خريطة للعالم مؤلفة من صور الأقمار الصناعية، بتفاصيل تصل إلى المنازل الفردية. وكانت الإصدارات الأقدم القابلة للتنزيل تتيح للمستخدمين رسم المسارات فوق الخريطة وإنشاء نماذج للمباني. == استخدام الخريطة == === الأنشطة === تُسهّل الخريطة بعض الأنشطة، ولا سيما تلك التي تتضمن [[Wy/ar/النقل|التنقل]]. [[File:MBTA Boston subway map.png|alt=|thumb|480x480px|خريطة مترو الأنفاق في [[Wy/ar/بوسطن|بوسطن]]، مرسومة هنا على خريطة أساسية غير مشوهة]] ==== القيادة ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|القيادة}} عند القيادة، يوفر أطلس الطرق مزايا مقارنة بمجموعة أوراق خرائط منفصلة يصعب التعامل معها. ويكون استخدام الخريطة أسهل في الرحلات الطويلة على الطرق السريعة الرئيسية منه أثناء القيادة في شارع ضيق داخل مدينة كبيرة. وجود شخص ثانٍ لقراءة الخريطة أمر أساسي، إلا إذا كان لديك جهاز يقدم توجيهات صوتية. ويسمح تثبيت الجهاز في حامل مناسب للسائق بالنظر إلى شاشته للملاحة عندما يكون الطريق هادئًا، ولكن فقط ما دامت لا توجد مفاجآت أو مواقف مربكة؛ فالتدقيق في الجهاز أو تغيير إعداداته سيصرف انتباهك عن الطريق في اللحظة التي كان ينبغي أن تلاحظ فيها حيوان الموظ أو الدراجة أو الطفل. وقد تكون الشوارع والطرق المزدحمة حافلة بالأحداث إلى درجة لا تسمح حتى بإلقاء نظرة خاطفة على جهاز الملاحة. ==== النقل العام ==== توفر خدمات [[Wy/ar/النقل العام|النقل العام]] خرائط تبين نطاق شبكاتها. ويعرض بعضها الخطوط على خريطة عادية يمكن الاستعانة بها أيضًا في تحديد الاتجاهات سيرًا على الأقدام، أو على خريطة مصغرة يسهل استخدامها إلى جانب خريطة أخرى للمدينة. وغالبًا ما تكون خرائط خطوط المترو تخطيطية، مع تشويه المسافات والاتجاهات؛ إذ يُفترض أن المستخدم يعرف المحطة التي يقصدها، ويستخدم الخريطة لمعرفة ما إذا كان عليه تبديل الخطوط وأين يفعل ذلك، وللتعرف على المحطات الواقعة في الطريق. ==== المشي الجبلي ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|المشي الجبلي|تحديد الاتجاهات}} توفر متنزهات كثيرة، ولا سيما المتنزهات الوطنية، خرائط لشبكات مساراتها. وتشمل هذه الخرائط مواقع أخرى، مثل مراكز الزوار والمعالم المهمة، لتكون نقاطًا مرجعية عند مقارنتها بالمسارات. وغالبًا ما تكون خرائط المتنزهات ''طبوغرافية''، فتُظهر التلال بخطوط الكنتور، التي يمثل كل منها ارتفاعًا محددًا. وكلما تباعدت خطوط الكنتور كانت الأرض أكثر استواءً. ولذلك تكون المسارات التي تعبر خطوط كنتور كثيرة خلال مسافة قصيرة أصعب من المسارات التي تعبر عددًا قليلًا منها أو لا تعبر أيًا منها. وكثيرًا ما تُظهر الخرائط أنواع الغطاء النباتي، على الأقل بالتمييز بين الغابات والأراضي المكشوفة، مع تحديد المستنقعات والحقول الصخرية. حيث لا تكون المسارات محددة بوضوح، أو حين ترغب في الخروج عنها، مثل التوجه إلى مكان للتخييم في البرية أو الطهي أو السباحة أو الاحتماء من تدهور الطقس، ستحتاج إلى خريطة مفصلة بما يكفي للملاحة دون الاعتماد على المسار وعلاماته. وفي التضاريس المفتوحة قد يكفي مقياس رسم صغير نسبيًا، أما في المناطق الصخرية أو الحرجية فتحتاج إلى تفاصيل المعالم المحيطة مباشرةً للاستدلال بها. وفي جميع الأحوال، ينبغي أن تكون الخريطة مفصلة بما يسمح باختيار طريق ممكن في التضاريس والالتزام به. ==== ركوب الدراجات ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|ركوب الدراجات}} تتوفر أحيانًا خرائط لمسارات الدراجات في منطقة معينة. وغالبًا ما تُعد ضمن جهود أوسع لتشجيع ركوب الدراجات، سواء للتنقل اليومي أو للسياحة، مما يعني أن المناطق التي تتوفر لها هذه الخرائط تمتلك عادةً بنية تحتية متطورة نسبيًا للدراجات، أو على الأقل عددًا جيدًا من المسارات الآمنة والمريحة، سواء على الطرق أو على مسارات مخصصة للدراجات. ومن الصعب معرفة وجود مسارات للدراجات أو أكتاف طرق معبدة بعرض كافٍ من خرائط الطرق العادية، أو معرفة مدى ملاءمة الطرق لركوب الدراجات عمومًا. وقد تُظهر خرائط الدراجات أيضًا طرقًا فرعية جميلة وخدمات مفيدة. ==== الإبحار ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الملاحة}} تُخصص الخرائط البحرية لملاحة القوارب والسفن. وتُظهر السواحل والموانئ ومناطق الرسو والممرات الملاحية والمياه الضحلة والأعماق والعلامات المساعدة على الملاحة وغيرها. === الرموز الشائعة === قد تختلف الرموز اختلافًا كبيرًا بحسب نوع الخريطة ومقياسها والمنطقة والناشر. وتتضمن أي خريطة ورقية جيدة مفتاحًا يوضح معاني الألوان والرموز المستخدمة. أما الخرائط الإلكترونية العامة وتطبيقات الملاحة، مثل خرائط جوجل، فغالبًا ما تترك للمستخدم استنتاج معاني أنظمة الألوان والأيقونات المبسطة جدًا. ولحسن الحظ، هناك مبادئ مشتركة في خرائط كثيرة تجعل ذلك ممكنًا. ==== رموز النقاط ==== * تُستخدم الدوائر الصغيرة أو النقاط في الخرائط صغيرة المقياس لتمثيل التجمعات السكانية. * غالبًا ما تمثل النجوم العواصم. * تمثل رموز الطائرات المطارات ومهابط الطائرات. * تمثل المراسي الموانئ أو أماكن رسو القوارب. * تمثل المثلثات التي بجانبها أرقام القمم الجبلية وارتفاعاتها. ==== الخطوط ==== * تمثل الخطوط المتصلة متفاوتة العرض، التي غالبًا ما تكون حمراء أو صفراء أو بيضاء، أنواعًا مختلفة من الطرق. * تمثل الخطوط المتقطعة السوداء والبيضاء عادةً السكك الحديدية. * تمثل الخطوط المتقطعة أو المؤلفة من شرطات ونقاط، ولا سيما المصحوبة بتظليل حولها، نوعًا من الحدود السياسية عادةً. * تمثل الخطوط الزرقاء عادةً المعالم المائية الخطية مثل الأنهار والجداول والقنوات والسواحل. * تمثل الخطوط البنية الرفيعة المتوازية التضاريس والارتفاعات. ==== المساحات ==== * قد تمثل المساحات الخضراء أنواعًا مختلفة من المناطق، وغالبًا ما تكون طبيعية أو شبه طبيعية، مثل الغابات والأحراج والمناطق المحمية. وفي خرائط تحديد الاتجاهات يدل اللون الأخضر على الغطاء النباتي الكثيف، بينما يشير في خرائط المدن غالبًا إلى نوع من المتنزهات. * تمثل المساحات الزرقاء المسطحات المائية الكبيرة مثل البحيرات والمحيطات. * قد تمثل المساحات الصفراء الشواطئ أو الأراضي الزراعية أو المناطق الريفية. * تمثل المساحات البيضاء الأراضي المكشوفة، أو المياه الصالحة للملاحة في الخرائط البحرية. * تكون المناطق المظللة أو المخططة بالأحمر غالبًا غير متاحة للجمهور لسبب أو لآخر. == انظر أيضًا == * [[Wy/ar/الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي|الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي]] {{Wy/ar/جزء|الملاحة}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] tjcq7ifrj5mvdw2un2zfo3j78tbwvlc 7374723 7374722 2026-10-26T08:15:59Z Almajidy 2647497 7374723 wikitext text/x-wiki {بانر|Maps Pagebanner.jpg|الخرائط}} {{Wy/ar/Seealso|بعثة إعداد الخرائط في ويكي الرحلات}} '''الخرائط''' رسوم بيانية تُظهر مواقع الوجهات بالنسبة إلى الأماكن الأخرى. ويمكن استخدامها مرجعًا أو للتخطيط أو أثناء السفر، أو للجمع بين هذه الأغراض. ==تعرّف== === التاريخ === [[File:Bali regions map.png|alt=|thumb|375x375px|خريطة [[Wy/ar/بالي|بالي]] أُعدّت لويكي رحلات، وتُظهر المناطق والطرق الرئيسية وبعض المواقع المهمة<!-- مشار إليها في النص -->]] وُجدت الخرائط منذ مئات السنين، وأصبح رسمها أكثر شيوعًا مع انطلاق رحلات الاستكشاف واكتشاف أراضٍ جديدة. غير أن تلك الخرائط، ومنها ما رسمه المستكشفون في القرن السادس عشر (انظر [[Wy/ar/عصر الاستكشاف|عصر الاستكشاف]])، لم تكن دقيقة في كثير من الأحيان، لافتقار صانعيها إلى الأدوات اللازمة. ومع ذلك، فقد تضمنت عادةً معالم تساعد على استخدامها عمليًا في الملاحة أو غيرها من الأغراض المقصودة. ولفهم رموزها تمامًا، ينبغي فهم تقنيات الملاحة في ذلك العصر. فليس من الضروري معرفة الموقع الدقيق لأحد المعالم، ما دمت تستطيع تحديد طريق آمن يمر بالقرب منه بما يكفي للعثور عليه. ازدادت دقة رسم الخرائط تدريجيًا مع تطور التقنيات ذات الصلة، وبفضل التصوير الجوي والأقمار الصناعية ونظام تحديد المواقع العالمي (GPS)، أصبحت الخرائط شديدة الدقة. لكن هذه الدقة أوجدت مشكلات جديدة؛ ففي أساليب التثليث القديمة، كانت المواقع ''النسبية'' للمعالم دقيقة غالبًا، مع احتمال وجود انحراف كبير عن مواقعها الجغرافية المعلنة. فربما كان الممر الملاحي مرسومًا بصورة صحيحة بين جزيرتين، لكن لأن موضعي الجزيرتين غير صحيحين، قد يوجّه جهاز ملاحة يعتمد على GPS قائد القارب مباشرةً نحو إحداهما. تُدرج الخرائط عادةً في الموسوعات وأدلة السفر مثل هذا الدليل؛ وقد أُعدّت الخريطة الظاهرة إلى اليمين خصيصًا لويكي الرحلات.<!--File:Bali regions map.png--> === أنواع الخرائط === ==== الأشكال والتصاميم ==== كانت خرائط كثيرة، ولا سيما في العصور القديمة، تُرسم على ورقة واحدة؛ أما الخرائط الحديثة فتتوفر بأشكال أخرى، منها المطويات والكتب الكاملة التي تُسمى الأطالس. والخريطة المجسمة للعالم كله بمقياس رسم هي ''الكرة الأرضية''، وهي خالية من تشوهات الإسقاط، لكنها بطبيعتها أصعب حملًا بكثير من نظيراتها ثنائية الأبعاد. بينما كانت الخرائط التاريخية تُرسم غالبًا باليد، فإن معظم الخرائط اليوم تُنتج بالحاسوب. تتوفر اليوم معلومات غزيرة عن أي منطقة، ولذلك يتمثل القرار التصميمي الأهم في الموازنة بين كمية المعلومات المعروضة وسهولة فهمها؛ فالخريطة المكتظة بالتفاصيل يصعب استخدامها. ويحتاج من يقود على الطرق السريعة إلى تمييز المدن الكبرى وأرقام الطرق بسهولة، وهي معلومات تظهر بوضوح أيضًا على اللافتات، ويمكن إضافة معالم أخرى ما دامت لا تعيق ذلك. ويحتاج راكب الدراجة إلى خريطة تُظهر مسارات الدراجات وأكتاف الطرق السريعة الصالحة للاستخدام والطرق الفرعية المناسبة والتضاريس. أما المسافر بخيمة أو مقطورة فيحتاج إلى معرفة مواقع التخييم، وهي معلومات لا تهم غيره بالقدر نفسه. ==== إسقاطات الخرائط ==== [[File:Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection SW.jpg|thumb|420px|يحافظ إسقاط لامبرت على المساحات الصحيحة ولا يشوه المنطقة الاستوائية، لكنه يشوه الأشكال والمسافات عند خطوط العرض العليا.]] [[File:Gall–Peters projection SW.jpg|thumb|320px|إسقاط غال–بيترز أحد الأشكال البديلة التي تقع فيها المناطق غير المشوهة في مواضع أخرى، وهنا عند خطي عرض 15° شمالًا وجنوبًا.]] {{Wy/ar/Mapframe|0|0|zoom=0|width=320|height=250|name=في هذا الإسقاط تتمدد المناطق القريبة من القطبين أيضًا من الجنوب إلى الشمال للحفاظ على صحة الأشكال، مما يجعل تشوه المساحات بالغ الشدة.}} واجه رسامو الخرائط عبر التاريخ مشكلة أن الأرض كروية تقريبًا، أي جسم مستدير ثلاثي الأبعاد، بينما الخرائط ثنائية الأبعاد ومستطيلة. ولذلك استخدموا طرقًا مختلفة لنقل شكل الأرض إلى خريطة مستطيلة ثنائية الأبعاد. ومن أساليب الإسقاط الشائعة ضغط المسافات قرب خط الاستواء وتمديدها عند خطوط العرض العليا. ولهذا تبدو كتل يابسة صغيرة نسبيًا قرب القطب الشمالي بحجم قارات تقع قرب خط الاستواء. يمكن تصميم الخرائط بحيث تحافظ على صحة المسافات أو الزوايا أو المساحات، ولكن لا يمكن الحفاظ على الثلاثة معًا في الوقت نفسه. كما أن التشوهات ليست متساوية في أنحاء الخريطة. وقد تعطي الإسقاطات المختلفة صورة دقيقة نسبيًا على امتداد خط طول أو دائرة عرض أو حول نقطة معينة، مع ازدياد التشوه بعيدًا عن المنطقة موضع الاهتمام. وقد تكون الفروق طفيفة أحيانًا، لكن عند إجراء قياسات دقيقة لمسافات طويلة، كما في الملاحة، يجب مراعاة خصائص الإسقاط. وتبدو التشوهات واضحة في خرائط العالم، وإن كان من اعتاد إسقاطًا معينًا قد يظن أنه يمثل الشكل الحقيقي. ==== الأغراض ==== تخدم الخرائط أغراضًا كثيرة، لكن أهمها للمسافرين عادةً خرائط الطرق، والخرائط السياسية التي تُظهر الحدود الوطنية، والخرائط الطبوغرافية التي تُظهر الجبال والصحاري والأنهار وغيرها. وتحاول خرائط كثيرة متعددة الأغراض الجمع بين هذه الأنواع الثلاثة بدرجات متفاوتة. == شراء خريطة == [[File:Michelin map nr 4 of 1940.jpg|thumb|right|غلاف خريطة ميشلان لمونس ولوكسمبورغ من عام 1940]]{{Wy/ar/Mapframe|51.505|-0.12|zoom=12|name=خريطة أوبن ستريت ماب لـ[[Wy/ar/وسط لندن|وسط لندن]]}} تتوفر الخرائط غالبًا في المتاجر التي تخدم مستخدمي نوع الخريطة المطلوب. ويمكن شراء خرائط الطرق من محطات الوقود، وخرائط المشي الجبلي من مراكز الزوار أو متاجر معدات التنزه، وهكذا. وتبيع مكتبات كثيرة الخرائط أيضًا. وبالطبع يمكن شراؤها عبر الإنترنت، من المتاجر الإلكترونية لتلك الشركات أو من الناشرين أنفسهم. === شركات إعداد الخرائط === [[File:Ordnance Survey maps, W.H. Smith, Enfield.jpg|thumb|متجر يبيع الخرائط]] ==== الخرائط الورقية ==== <!-- هناك مجال لثلاثة عناصر أخرى في هذا القسم إذا اتبعنا حد 7±2 --> * تنتج '''[https://collins.co.uk/pages/a-z/ أطالس شوارع الجغرافيين A–Z]''' خرائط للمناطق الحضرية في المملكة المتحدة. وصدر أول أطلس للندن عام 1936، بعدما أنجزت رسامة الخرائط فيليس بيرسال مهمة ضخمة تمثلت في السير لمسافة 3000 ميل لتغطية شوارع لندن البالغ عددها 23,000 شارع، والتحقق من أسمائها ومواقعها، بل وتحديد أرقام المباني والمحطات والمعالم المهمة. ولم تُرسم الشوارع على الخرائط فحسب، بل أُدرجت أيضًا في فهرس طويل، من طريق '''A'''aron Hill إلى شارع '''Z'''offany! ومع أن أطلس لندن لا يزال الأشهر، أصبح لكل منطقة حضرية في بريطانيا أطلس A–Z خاص بها، وألهمت السلسلة نسخًا عديدة من منافسين تجاريين. * تنتج شركة إطارات السيارات '''[https://travel.michelin.co.uk/ ميشلان]{{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}''' بعضًا من أفضل خرائط الطرق في أوروبا، ولا سيما خرائط فرنسا، موطن الشركة، وكذلك معظم البلدان الأوروبية الأخرى والقارة ككل. وبدأ إنتاجها عام 1905 استكمالًا لأدلتها الشهيرة ''Guides rouges'' (الأدلة الحمراء للفنادق والمطاعم، المرتبطة بمنح نجوم ميشلان المرموقة)؛ ثم ظهرت ''Guides verts'' (الأدلة الخضراء للمعالم السياحية والطرق ذات المناظر الخلابة والمدن المثيرة للاهتمام) في ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين. ومن أبرز منتجي أطالس الطرق الآخرين في السوق الأوروبية '''[http://www.theaa.com/travel/aa-shop-maps-and-atlases.html AA]''' و[https://collins.co.uk/ '''كولينز'''] و[https://www.octopusbooks.co.uk/landing-page/philips-octopus/ '''فيليبس''']. * أُجري '''[https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk المسح الجغرافي البريطاني (Ordnance Survey)]''' للمرة الأولى في أنحاء بريطانيا العظمى عقب انتفاضة اليعاقبة عام 1745، وكان محاولة رائدة لرسم خرائط اسكتلندا كلها أولًا، ثم الجزر البريطانية بأكملها، بمقياس 1:36,000. وخلال القرون الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر وأوائل العشرين، نُقحت هذه الخرائط وحُدثت باستخدام التثليث؛ ونقاط التثليث القائمة على معظم قمم البلاد نتاج أعمال عام 1936. واليوم تستخدم الهيئة الخرائط المعتمدة على الأقمار الصناعية مثل غيرها، وتنتج بفارق كبير أكثر الخرائط الطبوغرافية البريطانية تفصيلًا، وهي ضرورية لكل مسافر يريد الخروج عن المسارات المعتادة. وتُعد خرائط ''Landranger'' متعددة الأغراض ذات الأغلفة الوردية (1:50,000)، وخرائط ''Explorer'' للمشي وركوب الدراجات ذات الأغلفة البرتقالية (1:25,000)، أشهر سلسلتين، إلى جانب [https://www.mapserve.co.uk/blog/all-about-mastermap OS MasterMap]، المنتج المتقدم للهيئة الذي يغطي جميع المعالم الثابتة في المملكة المتحدة التي يزيد حجمها على بضعة أمتار ضمن خريطة رقمية واحدة متصلة. * تشتهر '''[https://www.randmcnally.com راند ماكنالي]''' بخرائط الولايات المتحدة. وتنشر الشركة كتبًا تُخصص فيها كل صفحة لخريطة ولاية من [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات الخمسين]]. وتتضمن الكتب أقسامًا أخرى، مثل معلومات عن طرق ووجهات معينة. واستخدم أطالس الطرق الوطنية من راند ماكنالي إذا كنت مهتمًا بالسفر لمسافات طويلة (نحو مئة ميل أو أكثر)، لا إذا كنت تقود داخل مدينة أو تريد تضاريس مكان معين بتفصيل دقيق. * لا توجد خريطة لمدينة أكثر ألفةً لسكانها وزوارها من خريطة شبكة النقل العام فيها. ولعل أكثر هذه الخرائط تأثيرًا '''خريطة مترو أنفاق لندن'''، ولا سيما نسخة عام 1933 التي ابتكرها الرسام التقني هاري بيك؛ فقد كانت أول خريطة تتخلى عن الدقة الجغرافية وتركز على رسم مبسط للخطوط يشبه «مخطط الدوائر الكهربائية»، بألوان أساسية واضحة، وبخطوط رأسية وأفقية وقطرية بزاوية 45° فقط. ويمكن رؤية تأثير بيك في خريطة المترو الحديثة، وكذلك في خرائط شبكات المترو حول العالم. ومن خرائط النقل الشهيرة الأخرى، وإن لم تتبع جميعها مبادئ بيك، خرائط أنظمة برلين وشيكاغو ومدريد وموسكو ونيويورك وباريس وطوكيو وواشنطن العاصمة. * يصدر '''[https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-hydrographic-office المكتب الهيدروغرافي للمملكة المتحدة]''' خرائط الأميرالية البحرية لمعظم المناطق المهمة للملاحة الدولية. ومع أن الخرائط المنتجة محليًا قد تكون أكثر تفصيلًا، فإن تغطيتها شبه العالمية تجعل خرائط الأميرالية خيارًا شائعًا. ==== الخرائط الإلكترونية ====<!-- هناك مجال لاثني عشر عنصرًا إضافيًا في هذا القسم إذا اتبعنا حد 15 --> {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الملاحة|الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي}} تأتي معظم أجهزة الملاحة وتطبيقاتها مزودة بخرائط. ويتطلب بعضها شراء الخرائط المطلوبة، ويتيح بعضها تنزيلها مجانًا، بينما يستخدم بعضها خرائط عبر الإنترنت تُحمّل أجزاءً صغيرة حسب الحاجة، ما دام اتصال الإنترنت يعمل. ويمكن استخدام بعض الخرائط الإلكترونية من خلال متصفح الويب. من الخرائط المتوفرة على شبكة الويب: * '''[https://www.openstreetmap.org/about أوبن ستريت ماب]''' (OSM) خدمة خرائط مفتوحة المصدر على الإنترنت يديرها متطوعون. وتعتمد معظم خرائط ويكي الرحلات على بياناتها، مع عرض بعض طبقاتها. وتُستخدم بياناتها أيضًا، مثلًا، في بعض خرائط ركوب الدراجات والمشي الجبلي. * '''[https://www.google.com/maps/about/ خرائط جوجل]''' أحد منتجات جوجل العديدة، وتشبه إلى حد كبير أوبن ستريت ماب. وتوفر خرائط جوجل أيضًا إرشادات الاتجاهات؛ إذ يمكنك إدخال نقطة الانطلاق والوجهة ليعطيك النظام مسارًا يمكنك طباعته. وتدير جوجل أيضًا '''[https://www.google.com/earth/ جوجل إيرث]'''، وهو خريطة للعالم مؤلفة من صور الأقمار الصناعية، بتفاصيل تصل إلى المنازل الفردية. وكانت الإصدارات الأقدم القابلة للتنزيل تتيح للمستخدمين رسم المسارات فوق الخريطة وإنشاء نماذج للمباني. == استخدام الخريطة == === الأنشطة === تُسهّل الخريطة بعض الأنشطة، ولا سيما تلك التي تتضمن [[Wy/ar/النقل|التنقل]]. [[File:MBTA Boston subway map.png|alt=|thumb|480x480px|خريطة مترو الأنفاق في [[Wy/ar/بوسطن|بوسطن]]، مرسومة هنا على خريطة أساسية غير مشوهة]] ==== القيادة ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|القيادة}} عند القيادة، يوفر أطلس الطرق مزايا مقارنة بمجموعة أوراق خرائط منفصلة يصعب التعامل معها. ويكون استخدام الخريطة أسهل في الرحلات الطويلة على الطرق السريعة الرئيسية منه أثناء القيادة في شارع ضيق داخل مدينة كبيرة. وجود شخص ثانٍ لقراءة الخريطة أمر أساسي، إلا إذا كان لديك جهاز يقدم توجيهات صوتية. ويسمح تثبيت الجهاز في حامل مناسب للسائق بالنظر إلى شاشته للملاحة عندما يكون الطريق هادئًا، ولكن فقط ما دامت لا توجد مفاجآت أو مواقف مربكة؛ فالتدقيق في الجهاز أو تغيير إعداداته سيصرف انتباهك عن الطريق في اللحظة التي كان ينبغي أن تلاحظ فيها حيوان الموظ أو الدراجة أو الطفل. وقد تكون الشوارع والطرق المزدحمة حافلة بالأحداث إلى درجة لا تسمح حتى بإلقاء نظرة خاطفة على جهاز الملاحة. ==== النقل العام ==== توفر خدمات [[Wy/ar/النقل العام|النقل العام]] خرائط تبين نطاق شبكاتها. ويعرض بعضها الخطوط على خريطة عادية يمكن الاستعانة بها أيضًا في تحديد الاتجاهات سيرًا على الأقدام، أو على خريطة مصغرة يسهل استخدامها إلى جانب خريطة أخرى للمدينة. وغالبًا ما تكون خرائط خطوط المترو تخطيطية، مع تشويه المسافات والاتجاهات؛ إذ يُفترض أن المستخدم يعرف المحطة التي يقصدها، ويستخدم الخريطة لمعرفة ما إذا كان عليه تبديل الخطوط وأين يفعل ذلك، وللتعرف على المحطات الواقعة في الطريق. ==== المشي الجبلي ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|المشي الجبلي|تحديد الاتجاهات}} توفر متنزهات كثيرة، ولا سيما المتنزهات الوطنية، خرائط لشبكات مساراتها. وتشمل هذه الخرائط مواقع أخرى، مثل مراكز الزوار والمعالم المهمة، لتكون نقاطًا مرجعية عند مقارنتها بالمسارات. وغالبًا ما تكون خرائط المتنزهات ''طبوغرافية''، فتُظهر التلال بخطوط الكنتور، التي يمثل كل منها ارتفاعًا محددًا. وكلما تباعدت خطوط الكنتور كانت الأرض أكثر استواءً. ولذلك تكون المسارات التي تعبر خطوط كنتور كثيرة خلال مسافة قصيرة أصعب من المسارات التي تعبر عددًا قليلًا منها أو لا تعبر أيًا منها. وكثيرًا ما تُظهر الخرائط أنواع الغطاء النباتي، على الأقل بالتمييز بين الغابات والأراضي المكشوفة، مع تحديد المستنقعات والحقول الصخرية. حيث لا تكون المسارات محددة بوضوح، أو حين ترغب في الخروج عنها، مثل التوجه إلى مكان للتخييم في البرية أو الطهي أو السباحة أو الاحتماء من تدهور الطقس، ستحتاج إلى خريطة مفصلة بما يكفي للملاحة دون الاعتماد على المسار وعلاماته. وفي التضاريس المفتوحة قد يكفي مقياس رسم صغير نسبيًا، أما في المناطق الصخرية أو الحرجية فتحتاج إلى تفاصيل المعالم المحيطة مباشرةً للاستدلال بها. وفي جميع الأحوال، ينبغي أن تكون الخريطة مفصلة بما يسمح باختيار طريق ممكن في التضاريس والالتزام به. ==== ركوب الدراجات ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|ركوب الدراجات}} تتوفر أحيانًا خرائط لمسارات الدراجات في منطقة معينة. وغالبًا ما تُعد ضمن جهود أوسع لتشجيع ركوب الدراجات، سواء للتنقل اليومي أو للسياحة، مما يعني أن المناطق التي تتوفر لها هذه الخرائط تمتلك عادةً بنية تحتية متطورة نسبيًا للدراجات، أو على الأقل عددًا جيدًا من المسارات الآمنة والمريحة، سواء على الطرق أو على مسارات مخصصة للدراجات. ومن الصعب معرفة وجود مسارات للدراجات أو أكتاف طرق معبدة بعرض كافٍ من خرائط الطرق العادية، أو معرفة مدى ملاءمة الطرق لركوب الدراجات عمومًا. وقد تُظهر خرائط الدراجات أيضًا طرقًا فرعية جميلة وخدمات مفيدة. ==== الإبحار ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الملاحة}} تُخصص الخرائط البحرية لملاحة القوارب والسفن. وتُظهر السواحل والموانئ ومناطق الرسو والممرات الملاحية والمياه الضحلة والأعماق والعلامات المساعدة على الملاحة وغيرها. === الرموز الشائعة === قد تختلف الرموز اختلافًا كبيرًا بحسب نوع الخريطة ومقياسها والمنطقة والناشر. وتتضمن أي خريطة ورقية جيدة مفتاحًا يوضح معاني الألوان والرموز المستخدمة. أما الخرائط الإلكترونية العامة وتطبيقات الملاحة، مثل خرائط جوجل، فغالبًا ما تترك للمستخدم استنتاج معاني أنظمة الألوان والأيقونات المبسطة جدًا. ولحسن الحظ، هناك مبادئ مشتركة في خرائط كثيرة تجعل ذلك ممكنًا. ==== رموز النقاط ==== * تُستخدم الدوائر الصغيرة أو النقاط في الخرائط صغيرة المقياس لتمثيل التجمعات السكانية. * غالبًا ما تمثل النجوم العواصم. * تمثل رموز الطائرات المطارات ومهابط الطائرات. * تمثل المراسي الموانئ أو أماكن رسو القوارب. * تمثل المثلثات التي بجانبها أرقام القمم الجبلية وارتفاعاتها. ==== الخطوط ==== * تمثل الخطوط المتصلة متفاوتة العرض، التي غالبًا ما تكون حمراء أو صفراء أو بيضاء، أنواعًا مختلفة من الطرق. * تمثل الخطوط المتقطعة السوداء والبيضاء عادةً السكك الحديدية. * تمثل الخطوط المتقطعة أو المؤلفة من شرطات ونقاط، ولا سيما المصحوبة بتظليل حولها، نوعًا من الحدود السياسية عادةً. * تمثل الخطوط الزرقاء عادةً المعالم المائية الخطية مثل الأنهار والجداول والقنوات والسواحل. * تمثل الخطوط البنية الرفيعة المتوازية التضاريس والارتفاعات. ==== المساحات ==== * قد تمثل المساحات الخضراء أنواعًا مختلفة من المناطق، وغالبًا ما تكون طبيعية أو شبه طبيعية، مثل الغابات والأحراج والمناطق المحمية. وفي خرائط تحديد الاتجاهات يدل اللون الأخضر على الغطاء النباتي الكثيف، بينما يشير في خرائط المدن غالبًا إلى نوع من المتنزهات. * تمثل المساحات الزرقاء المسطحات المائية الكبيرة مثل البحيرات والمحيطات. * قد تمثل المساحات الصفراء الشواطئ أو الأراضي الزراعية أو المناطق الريفية. * تمثل المساحات البيضاء الأراضي المكشوفة، أو المياه الصالحة للملاحة في الخرائط البحرية. * تكون المناطق المظللة أو المخططة بالأحمر غالبًا غير متاحة للجمهور لسبب أو لآخر. == انظر أيضًا == * [[Wy/ar/الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي|الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي]] {{Wy/ar/جزء|الملاحة}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] 935if62ip9gcf2j83iqvxac9vf391yo 7374724 7374723 2026-10-26T08:16:23Z Almajidy 2647497 7374724 wikitext text/x-wiki {[بانر|Maps Pagebanner.jpg|الخرائط}} {{Wy/ar/Seealso|بعثة إعداد الخرائط في ويكي الرحلات}} '''الخرائط''' رسوم بيانية تُظهر مواقع الوجهات بالنسبة إلى الأماكن الأخرى. ويمكن استخدامها مرجعًا أو للتخطيط أو أثناء السفر، أو للجمع بين هذه الأغراض. ==تعرّف== === التاريخ === [[File:Bali regions map.png|alt=|thumb|375x375px|خريطة [[Wy/ar/بالي|بالي]] أُعدّت لويكي رحلات، وتُظهر المناطق والطرق الرئيسية وبعض المواقع المهمة<!-- مشار إليها في النص -->]] وُجدت الخرائط منذ مئات السنين، وأصبح رسمها أكثر شيوعًا مع انطلاق رحلات الاستكشاف واكتشاف أراضٍ جديدة. غير أن تلك الخرائط، ومنها ما رسمه المستكشفون في القرن السادس عشر (انظر [[Wy/ar/عصر الاستكشاف|عصر الاستكشاف]])، لم تكن دقيقة في كثير من الأحيان، لافتقار صانعيها إلى الأدوات اللازمة. ومع ذلك، فقد تضمنت عادةً معالم تساعد على استخدامها عمليًا في الملاحة أو غيرها من الأغراض المقصودة. ولفهم رموزها تمامًا، ينبغي فهم تقنيات الملاحة في ذلك العصر. فليس من الضروري معرفة الموقع الدقيق لأحد المعالم، ما دمت تستطيع تحديد طريق آمن يمر بالقرب منه بما يكفي للعثور عليه. ازدادت دقة رسم الخرائط تدريجيًا مع تطور التقنيات ذات الصلة، وبفضل التصوير الجوي والأقمار الصناعية ونظام تحديد المواقع العالمي (GPS)، أصبحت الخرائط شديدة الدقة. لكن هذه الدقة أوجدت مشكلات جديدة؛ ففي أساليب التثليث القديمة، كانت المواقع ''النسبية'' للمعالم دقيقة غالبًا، مع احتمال وجود انحراف كبير عن مواقعها الجغرافية المعلنة. فربما كان الممر الملاحي مرسومًا بصورة صحيحة بين جزيرتين، لكن لأن موضعي الجزيرتين غير صحيحين، قد يوجّه جهاز ملاحة يعتمد على GPS قائد القارب مباشرةً نحو إحداهما. تُدرج الخرائط عادةً في الموسوعات وأدلة السفر مثل هذا الدليل؛ وقد أُعدّت الخريطة الظاهرة إلى اليمين خصيصًا لويكي الرحلات.<!--File:Bali regions map.png--> === أنواع الخرائط === ==== الأشكال والتصاميم ==== كانت خرائط كثيرة، ولا سيما في العصور القديمة، تُرسم على ورقة واحدة؛ أما الخرائط الحديثة فتتوفر بأشكال أخرى، منها المطويات والكتب الكاملة التي تُسمى الأطالس. والخريطة المجسمة للعالم كله بمقياس رسم هي ''الكرة الأرضية''، وهي خالية من تشوهات الإسقاط، لكنها بطبيعتها أصعب حملًا بكثير من نظيراتها ثنائية الأبعاد. بينما كانت الخرائط التاريخية تُرسم غالبًا باليد، فإن معظم الخرائط اليوم تُنتج بالحاسوب. تتوفر اليوم معلومات غزيرة عن أي منطقة، ولذلك يتمثل القرار التصميمي الأهم في الموازنة بين كمية المعلومات المعروضة وسهولة فهمها؛ فالخريطة المكتظة بالتفاصيل يصعب استخدامها. ويحتاج من يقود على الطرق السريعة إلى تمييز المدن الكبرى وأرقام الطرق بسهولة، وهي معلومات تظهر بوضوح أيضًا على اللافتات، ويمكن إضافة معالم أخرى ما دامت لا تعيق ذلك. ويحتاج راكب الدراجة إلى خريطة تُظهر مسارات الدراجات وأكتاف الطرق السريعة الصالحة للاستخدام والطرق الفرعية المناسبة والتضاريس. أما المسافر بخيمة أو مقطورة فيحتاج إلى معرفة مواقع التخييم، وهي معلومات لا تهم غيره بالقدر نفسه. ==== إسقاطات الخرائط ==== [[File:Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection SW.jpg|thumb|420px|يحافظ إسقاط لامبرت على المساحات الصحيحة ولا يشوه المنطقة الاستوائية، لكنه يشوه الأشكال والمسافات عند خطوط العرض العليا.]] [[File:Gall–Peters projection SW.jpg|thumb|320px|إسقاط غال–بيترز أحد الأشكال البديلة التي تقع فيها المناطق غير المشوهة في مواضع أخرى، وهنا عند خطي عرض 15° شمالًا وجنوبًا.]] {{Wy/ar/Mapframe|0|0|zoom=0|width=320|height=250|name=في هذا الإسقاط تتمدد المناطق القريبة من القطبين أيضًا من الجنوب إلى الشمال للحفاظ على صحة الأشكال، مما يجعل تشوه المساحات بالغ الشدة.}} واجه رسامو الخرائط عبر التاريخ مشكلة أن الأرض كروية تقريبًا، أي جسم مستدير ثلاثي الأبعاد، بينما الخرائط ثنائية الأبعاد ومستطيلة. ولذلك استخدموا طرقًا مختلفة لنقل شكل الأرض إلى خريطة مستطيلة ثنائية الأبعاد. ومن أساليب الإسقاط الشائعة ضغط المسافات قرب خط الاستواء وتمديدها عند خطوط العرض العليا. ولهذا تبدو كتل يابسة صغيرة نسبيًا قرب القطب الشمالي بحجم قارات تقع قرب خط الاستواء. يمكن تصميم الخرائط بحيث تحافظ على صحة المسافات أو الزوايا أو المساحات، ولكن لا يمكن الحفاظ على الثلاثة معًا في الوقت نفسه. كما أن التشوهات ليست متساوية في أنحاء الخريطة. وقد تعطي الإسقاطات المختلفة صورة دقيقة نسبيًا على امتداد خط طول أو دائرة عرض أو حول نقطة معينة، مع ازدياد التشوه بعيدًا عن المنطقة موضع الاهتمام. وقد تكون الفروق طفيفة أحيانًا، لكن عند إجراء قياسات دقيقة لمسافات طويلة، كما في الملاحة، يجب مراعاة خصائص الإسقاط. وتبدو التشوهات واضحة في خرائط العالم، وإن كان من اعتاد إسقاطًا معينًا قد يظن أنه يمثل الشكل الحقيقي. ==== الأغراض ==== تخدم الخرائط أغراضًا كثيرة، لكن أهمها للمسافرين عادةً خرائط الطرق، والخرائط السياسية التي تُظهر الحدود الوطنية، والخرائط الطبوغرافية التي تُظهر الجبال والصحاري والأنهار وغيرها. وتحاول خرائط كثيرة متعددة الأغراض الجمع بين هذه الأنواع الثلاثة بدرجات متفاوتة. == شراء خريطة == [[File:Michelin map nr 4 of 1940.jpg|thumb|right|غلاف خريطة ميشلان لمونس ولوكسمبورغ من عام 1940]]{{Wy/ar/Mapframe|51.505|-0.12|zoom=12|name=خريطة أوبن ستريت ماب لـ[[Wy/ar/وسط لندن|وسط لندن]]}} تتوفر الخرائط غالبًا في المتاجر التي تخدم مستخدمي نوع الخريطة المطلوب. ويمكن شراء خرائط الطرق من محطات الوقود، وخرائط المشي الجبلي من مراكز الزوار أو متاجر معدات التنزه، وهكذا. وتبيع مكتبات كثيرة الخرائط أيضًا. وبالطبع يمكن شراؤها عبر الإنترنت، من المتاجر الإلكترونية لتلك الشركات أو من الناشرين أنفسهم. === شركات إعداد الخرائط === [[File:Ordnance Survey maps, W.H. Smith, Enfield.jpg|thumb|متجر يبيع الخرائط]] ==== الخرائط الورقية ==== <!-- هناك مجال لثلاثة عناصر أخرى في هذا القسم إذا اتبعنا حد 7±2 --> * تنتج '''[https://collins.co.uk/pages/a-z/ أطالس شوارع الجغرافيين A–Z]''' خرائط للمناطق الحضرية في المملكة المتحدة. وصدر أول أطلس للندن عام 1936، بعدما أنجزت رسامة الخرائط فيليس بيرسال مهمة ضخمة تمثلت في السير لمسافة 3000 ميل لتغطية شوارع لندن البالغ عددها 23,000 شارع، والتحقق من أسمائها ومواقعها، بل وتحديد أرقام المباني والمحطات والمعالم المهمة. ولم تُرسم الشوارع على الخرائط فحسب، بل أُدرجت أيضًا في فهرس طويل، من طريق '''A'''aron Hill إلى شارع '''Z'''offany! ومع أن أطلس لندن لا يزال الأشهر، أصبح لكل منطقة حضرية في بريطانيا أطلس A–Z خاص بها، وألهمت السلسلة نسخًا عديدة من منافسين تجاريين. * تنتج شركة إطارات السيارات '''[https://travel.michelin.co.uk/ ميشلان]{{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}''' بعضًا من أفضل خرائط الطرق في أوروبا، ولا سيما خرائط فرنسا، موطن الشركة، وكذلك معظم البلدان الأوروبية الأخرى والقارة ككل. وبدأ إنتاجها عام 1905 استكمالًا لأدلتها الشهيرة ''Guides rouges'' (الأدلة الحمراء للفنادق والمطاعم، المرتبطة بمنح نجوم ميشلان المرموقة)؛ ثم ظهرت ''Guides verts'' (الأدلة الخضراء للمعالم السياحية والطرق ذات المناظر الخلابة والمدن المثيرة للاهتمام) في ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين. ومن أبرز منتجي أطالس الطرق الآخرين في السوق الأوروبية '''[http://www.theaa.com/travel/aa-shop-maps-and-atlases.html AA]''' و[https://collins.co.uk/ '''كولينز'''] و[https://www.octopusbooks.co.uk/landing-page/philips-octopus/ '''فيليبس''']. * أُجري '''[https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk المسح الجغرافي البريطاني (Ordnance Survey)]''' للمرة الأولى في أنحاء بريطانيا العظمى عقب انتفاضة اليعاقبة عام 1745، وكان محاولة رائدة لرسم خرائط اسكتلندا كلها أولًا، ثم الجزر البريطانية بأكملها، بمقياس 1:36,000. وخلال القرون الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر وأوائل العشرين، نُقحت هذه الخرائط وحُدثت باستخدام التثليث؛ ونقاط التثليث القائمة على معظم قمم البلاد نتاج أعمال عام 1936. واليوم تستخدم الهيئة الخرائط المعتمدة على الأقمار الصناعية مثل غيرها، وتنتج بفارق كبير أكثر الخرائط الطبوغرافية البريطانية تفصيلًا، وهي ضرورية لكل مسافر يريد الخروج عن المسارات المعتادة. وتُعد خرائط ''Landranger'' متعددة الأغراض ذات الأغلفة الوردية (1:50,000)، وخرائط ''Explorer'' للمشي وركوب الدراجات ذات الأغلفة البرتقالية (1:25,000)، أشهر سلسلتين، إلى جانب [https://www.mapserve.co.uk/blog/all-about-mastermap OS MasterMap]، المنتج المتقدم للهيئة الذي يغطي جميع المعالم الثابتة في المملكة المتحدة التي يزيد حجمها على بضعة أمتار ضمن خريطة رقمية واحدة متصلة. * تشتهر '''[https://www.randmcnally.com راند ماكنالي]''' بخرائط الولايات المتحدة. وتنشر الشركة كتبًا تُخصص فيها كل صفحة لخريطة ولاية من [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات الخمسين]]. وتتضمن الكتب أقسامًا أخرى، مثل معلومات عن طرق ووجهات معينة. واستخدم أطالس الطرق الوطنية من راند ماكنالي إذا كنت مهتمًا بالسفر لمسافات طويلة (نحو مئة ميل أو أكثر)، لا إذا كنت تقود داخل مدينة أو تريد تضاريس مكان معين بتفصيل دقيق. * لا توجد خريطة لمدينة أكثر ألفةً لسكانها وزوارها من خريطة شبكة النقل العام فيها. ولعل أكثر هذه الخرائط تأثيرًا '''خريطة مترو أنفاق لندن'''، ولا سيما نسخة عام 1933 التي ابتكرها الرسام التقني هاري بيك؛ فقد كانت أول خريطة تتخلى عن الدقة الجغرافية وتركز على رسم مبسط للخطوط يشبه «مخطط الدوائر الكهربائية»، بألوان أساسية واضحة، وبخطوط رأسية وأفقية وقطرية بزاوية 45° فقط. ويمكن رؤية تأثير بيك في خريطة المترو الحديثة، وكذلك في خرائط شبكات المترو حول العالم. ومن خرائط النقل الشهيرة الأخرى، وإن لم تتبع جميعها مبادئ بيك، خرائط أنظمة برلين وشيكاغو ومدريد وموسكو ونيويورك وباريس وطوكيو وواشنطن العاصمة. * يصدر '''[https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-hydrographic-office المكتب الهيدروغرافي للمملكة المتحدة]''' خرائط الأميرالية البحرية لمعظم المناطق المهمة للملاحة الدولية. ومع أن الخرائط المنتجة محليًا قد تكون أكثر تفصيلًا، فإن تغطيتها شبه العالمية تجعل خرائط الأميرالية خيارًا شائعًا. ==== الخرائط الإلكترونية ====<!-- هناك مجال لاثني عشر عنصرًا إضافيًا في هذا القسم إذا اتبعنا حد 15 --> {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الملاحة|الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي}} تأتي معظم أجهزة الملاحة وتطبيقاتها مزودة بخرائط. ويتطلب بعضها شراء الخرائط المطلوبة، ويتيح بعضها تنزيلها مجانًا، بينما يستخدم بعضها خرائط عبر الإنترنت تُحمّل أجزاءً صغيرة حسب الحاجة، ما دام اتصال الإنترنت يعمل. ويمكن استخدام بعض الخرائط الإلكترونية من خلال متصفح الويب. من الخرائط المتوفرة على شبكة الويب: * '''[https://www.openstreetmap.org/about أوبن ستريت ماب]''' (OSM) خدمة خرائط مفتوحة المصدر على الإنترنت يديرها متطوعون. وتعتمد معظم خرائط ويكي الرحلات على بياناتها، مع عرض بعض طبقاتها. وتُستخدم بياناتها أيضًا، مثلًا، في بعض خرائط ركوب الدراجات والمشي الجبلي. * '''[https://www.google.com/maps/about/ خرائط جوجل]''' أحد منتجات جوجل العديدة، وتشبه إلى حد كبير أوبن ستريت ماب. وتوفر خرائط جوجل أيضًا إرشادات الاتجاهات؛ إذ يمكنك إدخال نقطة الانطلاق والوجهة ليعطيك النظام مسارًا يمكنك طباعته. وتدير جوجل أيضًا '''[https://www.google.com/earth/ جوجل إيرث]'''، وهو خريطة للعالم مؤلفة من صور الأقمار الصناعية، بتفاصيل تصل إلى المنازل الفردية. وكانت الإصدارات الأقدم القابلة للتنزيل تتيح للمستخدمين رسم المسارات فوق الخريطة وإنشاء نماذج للمباني. == استخدام الخريطة == === الأنشطة === تُسهّل الخريطة بعض الأنشطة، ولا سيما تلك التي تتضمن [[Wy/ar/النقل|التنقل]]. [[File:MBTA Boston subway map.png|alt=|thumb|480x480px|خريطة مترو الأنفاق في [[Wy/ar/بوسطن|بوسطن]]، مرسومة هنا على خريطة أساسية غير مشوهة]] ==== القيادة ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|القيادة}} عند القيادة، يوفر أطلس الطرق مزايا مقارنة بمجموعة أوراق خرائط منفصلة يصعب التعامل معها. ويكون استخدام الخريطة أسهل في الرحلات الطويلة على الطرق السريعة الرئيسية منه أثناء القيادة في شارع ضيق داخل مدينة كبيرة. وجود شخص ثانٍ لقراءة الخريطة أمر أساسي، إلا إذا كان لديك جهاز يقدم توجيهات صوتية. ويسمح تثبيت الجهاز في حامل مناسب للسائق بالنظر إلى شاشته للملاحة عندما يكون الطريق هادئًا، ولكن فقط ما دامت لا توجد مفاجآت أو مواقف مربكة؛ فالتدقيق في الجهاز أو تغيير إعداداته سيصرف انتباهك عن الطريق في اللحظة التي كان ينبغي أن تلاحظ فيها حيوان الموظ أو الدراجة أو الطفل. وقد تكون الشوارع والطرق المزدحمة حافلة بالأحداث إلى درجة لا تسمح حتى بإلقاء نظرة خاطفة على جهاز الملاحة. ==== النقل العام ==== توفر خدمات [[Wy/ar/النقل العام|النقل العام]] خرائط تبين نطاق شبكاتها. ويعرض بعضها الخطوط على خريطة عادية يمكن الاستعانة بها أيضًا في تحديد الاتجاهات سيرًا على الأقدام، أو على خريطة مصغرة يسهل استخدامها إلى جانب خريطة أخرى للمدينة. وغالبًا ما تكون خرائط خطوط المترو تخطيطية، مع تشويه المسافات والاتجاهات؛ إذ يُفترض أن المستخدم يعرف المحطة التي يقصدها، ويستخدم الخريطة لمعرفة ما إذا كان عليه تبديل الخطوط وأين يفعل ذلك، وللتعرف على المحطات الواقعة في الطريق. ==== المشي الجبلي ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|المشي الجبلي|تحديد الاتجاهات}} توفر متنزهات كثيرة، ولا سيما المتنزهات الوطنية، خرائط لشبكات مساراتها. وتشمل هذه الخرائط مواقع أخرى، مثل مراكز الزوار والمعالم المهمة، لتكون نقاطًا مرجعية عند مقارنتها بالمسارات. وغالبًا ما تكون خرائط المتنزهات ''طبوغرافية''، فتُظهر التلال بخطوط الكنتور، التي يمثل كل منها ارتفاعًا محددًا. وكلما تباعدت خطوط الكنتور كانت الأرض أكثر استواءً. ولذلك تكون المسارات التي تعبر خطوط كنتور كثيرة خلال مسافة قصيرة أصعب من المسارات التي تعبر عددًا قليلًا منها أو لا تعبر أيًا منها. وكثيرًا ما تُظهر الخرائط أنواع الغطاء النباتي، على الأقل بالتمييز بين الغابات والأراضي المكشوفة، مع تحديد المستنقعات والحقول الصخرية. حيث لا تكون المسارات محددة بوضوح، أو حين ترغب في الخروج عنها، مثل التوجه إلى مكان للتخييم في البرية أو الطهي أو السباحة أو الاحتماء من تدهور الطقس، ستحتاج إلى خريطة مفصلة بما يكفي للملاحة دون الاعتماد على المسار وعلاماته. وفي التضاريس المفتوحة قد يكفي مقياس رسم صغير نسبيًا، أما في المناطق الصخرية أو الحرجية فتحتاج إلى تفاصيل المعالم المحيطة مباشرةً للاستدلال بها. وفي جميع الأحوال، ينبغي أن تكون الخريطة مفصلة بما يسمح باختيار طريق ممكن في التضاريس والالتزام به. ==== ركوب الدراجات ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|ركوب الدراجات}} تتوفر أحيانًا خرائط لمسارات الدراجات في منطقة معينة. وغالبًا ما تُعد ضمن جهود أوسع لتشجيع ركوب الدراجات، سواء للتنقل اليومي أو للسياحة، مما يعني أن المناطق التي تتوفر لها هذه الخرائط تمتلك عادةً بنية تحتية متطورة نسبيًا للدراجات، أو على الأقل عددًا جيدًا من المسارات الآمنة والمريحة، سواء على الطرق أو على مسارات مخصصة للدراجات. ومن الصعب معرفة وجود مسارات للدراجات أو أكتاف طرق معبدة بعرض كافٍ من خرائط الطرق العادية، أو معرفة مدى ملاءمة الطرق لركوب الدراجات عمومًا. وقد تُظهر خرائط الدراجات أيضًا طرقًا فرعية جميلة وخدمات مفيدة. ==== الإبحار ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الملاحة}} تُخصص الخرائط البحرية لملاحة القوارب والسفن. وتُظهر السواحل والموانئ ومناطق الرسو والممرات الملاحية والمياه الضحلة والأعماق والعلامات المساعدة على الملاحة وغيرها. === الرموز الشائعة === قد تختلف الرموز اختلافًا كبيرًا بحسب نوع الخريطة ومقياسها والمنطقة والناشر. وتتضمن أي خريطة ورقية جيدة مفتاحًا يوضح معاني الألوان والرموز المستخدمة. أما الخرائط الإلكترونية العامة وتطبيقات الملاحة، مثل خرائط جوجل، فغالبًا ما تترك للمستخدم استنتاج معاني أنظمة الألوان والأيقونات المبسطة جدًا. ولحسن الحظ، هناك مبادئ مشتركة في خرائط كثيرة تجعل ذلك ممكنًا. ==== رموز النقاط ==== * تُستخدم الدوائر الصغيرة أو النقاط في الخرائط صغيرة المقياس لتمثيل التجمعات السكانية. * غالبًا ما تمثل النجوم العواصم. * تمثل رموز الطائرات المطارات ومهابط الطائرات. * تمثل المراسي الموانئ أو أماكن رسو القوارب. * تمثل المثلثات التي بجانبها أرقام القمم الجبلية وارتفاعاتها. ==== الخطوط ==== * تمثل الخطوط المتصلة متفاوتة العرض، التي غالبًا ما تكون حمراء أو صفراء أو بيضاء، أنواعًا مختلفة من الطرق. * تمثل الخطوط المتقطعة السوداء والبيضاء عادةً السكك الحديدية. * تمثل الخطوط المتقطعة أو المؤلفة من شرطات ونقاط، ولا سيما المصحوبة بتظليل حولها، نوعًا من الحدود السياسية عادةً. * تمثل الخطوط الزرقاء عادةً المعالم المائية الخطية مثل الأنهار والجداول والقنوات والسواحل. * تمثل الخطوط البنية الرفيعة المتوازية التضاريس والارتفاعات. ==== المساحات ==== * قد تمثل المساحات الخضراء أنواعًا مختلفة من المناطق، وغالبًا ما تكون طبيعية أو شبه طبيعية، مثل الغابات والأحراج والمناطق المحمية. وفي خرائط تحديد الاتجاهات يدل اللون الأخضر على الغطاء النباتي الكثيف، بينما يشير في خرائط المدن غالبًا إلى نوع من المتنزهات. * تمثل المساحات الزرقاء المسطحات المائية الكبيرة مثل البحيرات والمحيطات. * قد تمثل المساحات الصفراء الشواطئ أو الأراضي الزراعية أو المناطق الريفية. * تمثل المساحات البيضاء الأراضي المكشوفة، أو المياه الصالحة للملاحة في الخرائط البحرية. * تكون المناطق المظللة أو المخططة بالأحمر غالبًا غير متاحة للجمهور لسبب أو لآخر. == انظر أيضًا == * [[Wy/ar/الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي|الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي]] {{Wy/ar/جزء|الملاحة}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] 61e182irw1f0pbn1crcllzw2nryh5mf 7374726 7374724 2026-10-26T08:17:16Z Almajidy 2647497 7374726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Maps Pagebanner.jpg|الخرائط}} {{Wy/ar/Seealso|بعثة إعداد الخرائط في ويكي الرحلات}} '''الخرائط''' رسوم بيانية تُظهر مواقع الوجهات بالنسبة إلى الأماكن الأخرى. ويمكن استخدامها مرجعًا أو للتخطيط أو أثناء السفر، أو للجمع بين هذه الأغراض. ==تعرّف== === التاريخ === [[File:Bali regions map.png|alt=|thumb|375x375px|خريطة [[Wy/ar/بالي|بالي]] أُعدّت لويكي رحلات، وتُظهر المناطق والطرق الرئيسية وبعض المواقع المهمة<!-- مشار إليها في النص -->]] وُجدت الخرائط منذ مئات السنين، وأصبح رسمها أكثر شيوعًا مع انطلاق رحلات الاستكشاف واكتشاف أراضٍ جديدة. غير أن تلك الخرائط، ومنها ما رسمه المستكشفون في القرن السادس عشر (انظر [[Wy/ar/عصر الاستكشاف|عصر الاستكشاف]])، لم تكن دقيقة في كثير من الأحيان، لافتقار صانعيها إلى الأدوات اللازمة. ومع ذلك، فقد تضمنت عادةً معالم تساعد على استخدامها عمليًا في الملاحة أو غيرها من الأغراض المقصودة. ولفهم رموزها تمامًا، ينبغي فهم تقنيات الملاحة في ذلك العصر. فليس من الضروري معرفة الموقع الدقيق لأحد المعالم، ما دمت تستطيع تحديد طريق آمن يمر بالقرب منه بما يكفي للعثور عليه. ازدادت دقة رسم الخرائط تدريجيًا مع تطور التقنيات ذات الصلة، وبفضل التصوير الجوي والأقمار الصناعية ونظام تحديد المواقع العالمي (GPS)، أصبحت الخرائط شديدة الدقة. لكن هذه الدقة أوجدت مشكلات جديدة؛ ففي أساليب التثليث القديمة، كانت المواقع ''النسبية'' للمعالم دقيقة غالبًا، مع احتمال وجود انحراف كبير عن مواقعها الجغرافية المعلنة. فربما كان الممر الملاحي مرسومًا بصورة صحيحة بين جزيرتين، لكن لأن موضعي الجزيرتين غير صحيحين، قد يوجّه جهاز ملاحة يعتمد على GPS قائد القارب مباشرةً نحو إحداهما. تُدرج الخرائط عادةً في الموسوعات وأدلة السفر مثل هذا الدليل؛ وقد أُعدّت الخريطة الظاهرة إلى اليمين خصيصًا لويكي الرحلات.<!--File:Bali regions map.png--> === أنواع الخرائط === ==== الأشكال والتصاميم ==== كانت خرائط كثيرة، ولا سيما في العصور القديمة، تُرسم على ورقة واحدة؛ أما الخرائط الحديثة فتتوفر بأشكال أخرى، منها المطويات والكتب الكاملة التي تُسمى الأطالس. والخريطة المجسمة للعالم كله بمقياس رسم هي ''الكرة الأرضية''، وهي خالية من تشوهات الإسقاط، لكنها بطبيعتها أصعب حملًا بكثير من نظيراتها ثنائية الأبعاد. بينما كانت الخرائط التاريخية تُرسم غالبًا باليد، فإن معظم الخرائط اليوم تُنتج بالحاسوب. تتوفر اليوم معلومات غزيرة عن أي منطقة، ولذلك يتمثل القرار التصميمي الأهم في الموازنة بين كمية المعلومات المعروضة وسهولة فهمها؛ فالخريطة المكتظة بالتفاصيل يصعب استخدامها. ويحتاج من يقود على الطرق السريعة إلى تمييز المدن الكبرى وأرقام الطرق بسهولة، وهي معلومات تظهر بوضوح أيضًا على اللافتات، ويمكن إضافة معالم أخرى ما دامت لا تعيق ذلك. ويحتاج راكب الدراجة إلى خريطة تُظهر مسارات الدراجات وأكتاف الطرق السريعة الصالحة للاستخدام والطرق الفرعية المناسبة والتضاريس. أما المسافر بخيمة أو مقطورة فيحتاج إلى معرفة مواقع التخييم، وهي معلومات لا تهم غيره بالقدر نفسه. ==== إسقاطات الخرائط ==== [[File:Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection SW.jpg|thumb|420px|يحافظ إسقاط لامبرت على المساحات الصحيحة ولا يشوه المنطقة الاستوائية، لكنه يشوه الأشكال والمسافات عند خطوط العرض العليا.]] [[File:Gall–Peters projection SW.jpg|thumb|320px|إسقاط غال–بيترز أحد الأشكال البديلة التي تقع فيها المناطق غير المشوهة في مواضع أخرى، وهنا عند خطي عرض 15° شمالًا وجنوبًا.]] {{Wy/ar/Mapframe|0|0|zoom=0|width=320|height=250|name=في هذا الإسقاط تتمدد المناطق القريبة من القطبين أيضًا من الجنوب إلى الشمال للحفاظ على صحة الأشكال، مما يجعل تشوه المساحات بالغ الشدة.}} واجه رسامو الخرائط عبر التاريخ مشكلة أن الأرض كروية تقريبًا، أي جسم مستدير ثلاثي الأبعاد، بينما الخرائط ثنائية الأبعاد ومستطيلة. ولذلك استخدموا طرقًا مختلفة لنقل شكل الأرض إلى خريطة مستطيلة ثنائية الأبعاد. ومن أساليب الإسقاط الشائعة ضغط المسافات قرب خط الاستواء وتمديدها عند خطوط العرض العليا. ولهذا تبدو كتل يابسة صغيرة نسبيًا قرب القطب الشمالي بحجم قارات تقع قرب خط الاستواء. يمكن تصميم الخرائط بحيث تحافظ على صحة المسافات أو الزوايا أو المساحات، ولكن لا يمكن الحفاظ على الثلاثة معًا في الوقت نفسه. كما أن التشوهات ليست متساوية في أنحاء الخريطة. وقد تعطي الإسقاطات المختلفة صورة دقيقة نسبيًا على امتداد خط طول أو دائرة عرض أو حول نقطة معينة، مع ازدياد التشوه بعيدًا عن المنطقة موضع الاهتمام. وقد تكون الفروق طفيفة أحيانًا، لكن عند إجراء قياسات دقيقة لمسافات طويلة، كما في الملاحة، يجب مراعاة خصائص الإسقاط. وتبدو التشوهات واضحة في خرائط العالم، وإن كان من اعتاد إسقاطًا معينًا قد يظن أنه يمثل الشكل الحقيقي. ==== الأغراض ==== تخدم الخرائط أغراضًا كثيرة، لكن أهمها للمسافرين عادةً خرائط الطرق، والخرائط السياسية التي تُظهر الحدود الوطنية، والخرائط الطبوغرافية التي تُظهر الجبال والصحاري والأنهار وغيرها. وتحاول خرائط كثيرة متعددة الأغراض الجمع بين هذه الأنواع الثلاثة بدرجات متفاوتة. == شراء خريطة == [[File:Michelin map nr 4 of 1940.jpg|thumb|right|غلاف خريطة ميشلان لمونس ولوكسمبورغ من عام 1940]]{{Wy/ar/Mapframe|51.505|-0.12|zoom=12|name=خريطة أوبن ستريت ماب لـ[[Wy/ar/وسط لندن|وسط لندن]]}} تتوفر الخرائط غالبًا في المتاجر التي تخدم مستخدمي نوع الخريطة المطلوب. ويمكن شراء خرائط الطرق من محطات الوقود، وخرائط المشي الجبلي من مراكز الزوار أو متاجر معدات التنزه، وهكذا. وتبيع مكتبات كثيرة الخرائط أيضًا. وبالطبع يمكن شراؤها عبر الإنترنت، من المتاجر الإلكترونية لتلك الشركات أو من الناشرين أنفسهم. === شركات إعداد الخرائط === [[File:Ordnance Survey maps, W.H. Smith, Enfield.jpg|thumb|متجر يبيع الخرائط]] ==== الخرائط الورقية ==== <!-- هناك مجال لثلاثة عناصر أخرى في هذا القسم إذا اتبعنا حد 7±2 --> * تنتج '''[https://collins.co.uk/pages/a-z/ أطالس شوارع الجغرافيين A–Z]''' خرائط للمناطق الحضرية في المملكة المتحدة. وصدر أول أطلس للندن عام 1936، بعدما أنجزت رسامة الخرائط فيليس بيرسال مهمة ضخمة تمثلت في السير لمسافة 3000 ميل لتغطية شوارع لندن البالغ عددها 23,000 شارع، والتحقق من أسمائها ومواقعها، بل وتحديد أرقام المباني والمحطات والمعالم المهمة. ولم تُرسم الشوارع على الخرائط فحسب، بل أُدرجت أيضًا في فهرس طويل، من طريق '''A'''aron Hill إلى شارع '''Z'''offany! ومع أن أطلس لندن لا يزال الأشهر، أصبح لكل منطقة حضرية في بريطانيا أطلس A–Z خاص بها، وألهمت السلسلة نسخًا عديدة من منافسين تجاريين. * تنتج شركة إطارات السيارات '''[https://travel.michelin.co.uk/ ميشلان]{{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}''' بعضًا من أفضل خرائط الطرق في أوروبا، ولا سيما خرائط فرنسا، موطن الشركة، وكذلك معظم البلدان الأوروبية الأخرى والقارة ككل. وبدأ إنتاجها عام 1905 استكمالًا لأدلتها الشهيرة ''Guides rouges'' (الأدلة الحمراء للفنادق والمطاعم، المرتبطة بمنح نجوم ميشلان المرموقة)؛ ثم ظهرت ''Guides verts'' (الأدلة الخضراء للمعالم السياحية والطرق ذات المناظر الخلابة والمدن المثيرة للاهتمام) في ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين. ومن أبرز منتجي أطالس الطرق الآخرين في السوق الأوروبية '''[http://www.theaa.com/travel/aa-shop-maps-and-atlases.html AA]''' و[https://collins.co.uk/ '''كولينز'''] و[https://www.octopusbooks.co.uk/landing-page/philips-octopus/ '''فيليبس''']. * أُجري '''[https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk المسح الجغرافي البريطاني (Ordnance Survey)]''' للمرة الأولى في أنحاء بريطانيا العظمى عقب انتفاضة اليعاقبة عام 1745، وكان محاولة رائدة لرسم خرائط اسكتلندا كلها أولًا، ثم الجزر البريطانية بأكملها، بمقياس 1:36,000. وخلال القرون الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر وأوائل العشرين، نُقحت هذه الخرائط وحُدثت باستخدام التثليث؛ ونقاط التثليث القائمة على معظم قمم البلاد نتاج أعمال عام 1936. واليوم تستخدم الهيئة الخرائط المعتمدة على الأقمار الصناعية مثل غيرها، وتنتج بفارق كبير أكثر الخرائط الطبوغرافية البريطانية تفصيلًا، وهي ضرورية لكل مسافر يريد الخروج عن المسارات المعتادة. وتُعد خرائط ''Landranger'' متعددة الأغراض ذات الأغلفة الوردية (1:50,000)، وخرائط ''Explorer'' للمشي وركوب الدراجات ذات الأغلفة البرتقالية (1:25,000)، أشهر سلسلتين، إلى جانب [https://www.mapserve.co.uk/blog/all-about-mastermap OS MasterMap]، المنتج المتقدم للهيئة الذي يغطي جميع المعالم الثابتة في المملكة المتحدة التي يزيد حجمها على بضعة أمتار ضمن خريطة رقمية واحدة متصلة. * تشتهر '''[https://www.randmcnally.com راند ماكنالي]''' بخرائط الولايات المتحدة. وتنشر الشركة كتبًا تُخصص فيها كل صفحة لخريطة ولاية من [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات الخمسين]]. وتتضمن الكتب أقسامًا أخرى، مثل معلومات عن طرق ووجهات معينة. واستخدم أطالس الطرق الوطنية من راند ماكنالي إذا كنت مهتمًا بالسفر لمسافات طويلة (نحو مئة ميل أو أكثر)، لا إذا كنت تقود داخل مدينة أو تريد تضاريس مكان معين بتفصيل دقيق. * لا توجد خريطة لمدينة أكثر ألفةً لسكانها وزوارها من خريطة شبكة النقل العام فيها. ولعل أكثر هذه الخرائط تأثيرًا '''خريطة مترو أنفاق لندن'''، ولا سيما نسخة عام 1933 التي ابتكرها الرسام التقني هاري بيك؛ فقد كانت أول خريطة تتخلى عن الدقة الجغرافية وتركز على رسم مبسط للخطوط يشبه «مخطط الدوائر الكهربائية»، بألوان أساسية واضحة، وبخطوط رأسية وأفقية وقطرية بزاوية 45° فقط. ويمكن رؤية تأثير بيك في خريطة المترو الحديثة، وكذلك في خرائط شبكات المترو حول العالم. ومن خرائط النقل الشهيرة الأخرى، وإن لم تتبع جميعها مبادئ بيك، خرائط أنظمة برلين وشيكاغو ومدريد وموسكو ونيويورك وباريس وطوكيو وواشنطن العاصمة. * يصدر '''[https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-hydrographic-office المكتب الهيدروغرافي للمملكة المتحدة]''' خرائط الأميرالية البحرية لمعظم المناطق المهمة للملاحة الدولية. ومع أن الخرائط المنتجة محليًا قد تكون أكثر تفصيلًا، فإن تغطيتها شبه العالمية تجعل خرائط الأميرالية خيارًا شائعًا. ==== الخرائط الإلكترونية ====<!-- هناك مجال لاثني عشر عنصرًا إضافيًا في هذا القسم إذا اتبعنا حد 15 --> {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الملاحة|الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي}} تأتي معظم أجهزة الملاحة وتطبيقاتها مزودة بخرائط. ويتطلب بعضها شراء الخرائط المطلوبة، ويتيح بعضها تنزيلها مجانًا، بينما يستخدم بعضها خرائط عبر الإنترنت تُحمّل أجزاءً صغيرة حسب الحاجة، ما دام اتصال الإنترنت يعمل. ويمكن استخدام بعض الخرائط الإلكترونية من خلال متصفح الويب. من الخرائط المتوفرة على شبكة الويب: * '''[https://www.openstreetmap.org/about أوبن ستريت ماب]''' (OSM) خدمة خرائط مفتوحة المصدر على الإنترنت يديرها متطوعون. وتعتمد معظم خرائط ويكي الرحلات على بياناتها، مع عرض بعض طبقاتها. وتُستخدم بياناتها أيضًا، مثلًا، في بعض خرائط ركوب الدراجات والمشي الجبلي. * '''[https://www.google.com/maps/about/ خرائط جوجل]''' أحد منتجات جوجل العديدة، وتشبه إلى حد كبير أوبن ستريت ماب. وتوفر خرائط جوجل أيضًا إرشادات الاتجاهات؛ إذ يمكنك إدخال نقطة الانطلاق والوجهة ليعطيك النظام مسارًا يمكنك طباعته. وتدير جوجل أيضًا '''[https://www.google.com/earth/ جوجل إيرث]'''، وهو خريطة للعالم مؤلفة من صور الأقمار الصناعية، بتفاصيل تصل إلى المنازل الفردية. وكانت الإصدارات الأقدم القابلة للتنزيل تتيح للمستخدمين رسم المسارات فوق الخريطة وإنشاء نماذج للمباني. == استخدام الخريطة == === الأنشطة === تُسهّل الخريطة بعض الأنشطة، ولا سيما تلك التي تتضمن [[Wy/ar/النقل|التنقل]]. [[File:MBTA Boston subway map.png|alt=|thumb|480x480px|خريطة مترو الأنفاق في [[Wy/ar/بوسطن|بوسطن]]، مرسومة هنا على خريطة أساسية غير مشوهة]] ==== القيادة ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|القيادة}} عند القيادة، يوفر أطلس الطرق مزايا مقارنة بمجموعة أوراق خرائط منفصلة يصعب التعامل معها. ويكون استخدام الخريطة أسهل في الرحلات الطويلة على الطرق السريعة الرئيسية منه أثناء القيادة في شارع ضيق داخل مدينة كبيرة. وجود شخص ثانٍ لقراءة الخريطة أمر أساسي، إلا إذا كان لديك جهاز يقدم توجيهات صوتية. ويسمح تثبيت الجهاز في حامل مناسب للسائق بالنظر إلى شاشته للملاحة عندما يكون الطريق هادئًا، ولكن فقط ما دامت لا توجد مفاجآت أو مواقف مربكة؛ فالتدقيق في الجهاز أو تغيير إعداداته سيصرف انتباهك عن الطريق في اللحظة التي كان ينبغي أن تلاحظ فيها حيوان الموظ أو الدراجة أو الطفل. وقد تكون الشوارع والطرق المزدحمة حافلة بالأحداث إلى درجة لا تسمح حتى بإلقاء نظرة خاطفة على جهاز الملاحة. ==== النقل العام ==== توفر خدمات [[Wy/ar/النقل العام|النقل العام]] خرائط تبين نطاق شبكاتها. ويعرض بعضها الخطوط على خريطة عادية يمكن الاستعانة بها أيضًا في تحديد الاتجاهات سيرًا على الأقدام، أو على خريطة مصغرة يسهل استخدامها إلى جانب خريطة أخرى للمدينة. وغالبًا ما تكون خرائط خطوط المترو تخطيطية، مع تشويه المسافات والاتجاهات؛ إذ يُفترض أن المستخدم يعرف المحطة التي يقصدها، ويستخدم الخريطة لمعرفة ما إذا كان عليه تبديل الخطوط وأين يفعل ذلك، وللتعرف على المحطات الواقعة في الطريق. ==== المشي الجبلي ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|المشي الجبلي|تحديد الاتجاهات}} توفر متنزهات كثيرة، ولا سيما المتنزهات الوطنية، خرائط لشبكات مساراتها. وتشمل هذه الخرائط مواقع أخرى، مثل مراكز الزوار والمعالم المهمة، لتكون نقاطًا مرجعية عند مقارنتها بالمسارات. وغالبًا ما تكون خرائط المتنزهات ''طبوغرافية''، فتُظهر التلال بخطوط الكنتور، التي يمثل كل منها ارتفاعًا محددًا. وكلما تباعدت خطوط الكنتور كانت الأرض أكثر استواءً. ولذلك تكون المسارات التي تعبر خطوط كنتور كثيرة خلال مسافة قصيرة أصعب من المسارات التي تعبر عددًا قليلًا منها أو لا تعبر أيًا منها. وكثيرًا ما تُظهر الخرائط أنواع الغطاء النباتي، على الأقل بالتمييز بين الغابات والأراضي المكشوفة، مع تحديد المستنقعات والحقول الصخرية. حيث لا تكون المسارات محددة بوضوح، أو حين ترغب في الخروج عنها، مثل التوجه إلى مكان للتخييم في البرية أو الطهي أو السباحة أو الاحتماء من تدهور الطقس، ستحتاج إلى خريطة مفصلة بما يكفي للملاحة دون الاعتماد على المسار وعلاماته. وفي التضاريس المفتوحة قد يكفي مقياس رسم صغير نسبيًا، أما في المناطق الصخرية أو الحرجية فتحتاج إلى تفاصيل المعالم المحيطة مباشرةً للاستدلال بها. وفي جميع الأحوال، ينبغي أن تكون الخريطة مفصلة بما يسمح باختيار طريق ممكن في التضاريس والالتزام به. ==== ركوب الدراجات ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|ركوب الدراجات}} تتوفر أحيانًا خرائط لمسارات الدراجات في منطقة معينة. وغالبًا ما تُعد ضمن جهود أوسع لتشجيع ركوب الدراجات، سواء للتنقل اليومي أو للسياحة، مما يعني أن المناطق التي تتوفر لها هذه الخرائط تمتلك عادةً بنية تحتية متطورة نسبيًا للدراجات، أو على الأقل عددًا جيدًا من المسارات الآمنة والمريحة، سواء على الطرق أو على مسارات مخصصة للدراجات. ومن الصعب معرفة وجود مسارات للدراجات أو أكتاف طرق معبدة بعرض كافٍ من خرائط الطرق العادية، أو معرفة مدى ملاءمة الطرق لركوب الدراجات عمومًا. وقد تُظهر خرائط الدراجات أيضًا طرقًا فرعية جميلة وخدمات مفيدة. ==== الإبحار ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الملاحة}} تُخصص الخرائط البحرية لملاحة القوارب والسفن. وتُظهر السواحل والموانئ ومناطق الرسو والممرات الملاحية والمياه الضحلة والأعماق والعلامات المساعدة على الملاحة وغيرها. === الرموز الشائعة === قد تختلف الرموز اختلافًا كبيرًا بحسب نوع الخريطة ومقياسها والمنطقة والناشر. وتتضمن أي خريطة ورقية جيدة مفتاحًا يوضح معاني الألوان والرموز المستخدمة. أما الخرائط الإلكترونية العامة وتطبيقات الملاحة، مثل خرائط جوجل، فغالبًا ما تترك للمستخدم استنتاج معاني أنظمة الألوان والأيقونات المبسطة جدًا. ولحسن الحظ، هناك مبادئ مشتركة في خرائط كثيرة تجعل ذلك ممكنًا. ==== رموز النقاط ==== * تُستخدم الدوائر الصغيرة أو النقاط في الخرائط صغيرة المقياس لتمثيل التجمعات السكانية. * غالبًا ما تمثل النجوم العواصم. * تمثل رموز الطائرات المطارات ومهابط الطائرات. * تمثل المراسي الموانئ أو أماكن رسو القوارب. * تمثل المثلثات التي بجانبها أرقام القمم الجبلية وارتفاعاتها. ==== الخطوط ==== * تمثل الخطوط المتصلة متفاوتة العرض، التي غالبًا ما تكون حمراء أو صفراء أو بيضاء، أنواعًا مختلفة من الطرق. * تمثل الخطوط المتقطعة السوداء والبيضاء عادةً السكك الحديدية. * تمثل الخطوط المتقطعة أو المؤلفة من شرطات ونقاط، ولا سيما المصحوبة بتظليل حولها، نوعًا من الحدود السياسية عادةً. * تمثل الخطوط الزرقاء عادةً المعالم المائية الخطية مثل الأنهار والجداول والقنوات والسواحل. * تمثل الخطوط البنية الرفيعة المتوازية التضاريس والارتفاعات. ==== المساحات ==== * قد تمثل المساحات الخضراء أنواعًا مختلفة من المناطق، وغالبًا ما تكون طبيعية أو شبه طبيعية، مثل الغابات والأحراج والمناطق المحمية. وفي خرائط تحديد الاتجاهات يدل اللون الأخضر على الغطاء النباتي الكثيف، بينما يشير في خرائط المدن غالبًا إلى نوع من المتنزهات. * تمثل المساحات الزرقاء المسطحات المائية الكبيرة مثل البحيرات والمحيطات. * قد تمثل المساحات الصفراء الشواطئ أو الأراضي الزراعية أو المناطق الريفية. * تمثل المساحات البيضاء الأراضي المكشوفة، أو المياه الصالحة للملاحة في الخرائط البحرية. * تكون المناطق المظللة أو المخططة بالأحمر غالبًا غير متاحة للجمهور لسبب أو لآخر. == انظر أيضًا == * [[Wy/ar/الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي|الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي]] {{Wy/ar/جزء|الملاحة}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] bs244y1tkygiw1ijjyxfzzaccl629yp 7374727 7374726 2026-10-26T08:18:39Z Almajidy 2647497 /* تعرّف */ 7374727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wy/ar/بانر|Maps Pagebanner.jpg|الخرائط}} {{Wy/ar/Seealso|بعثة إعداد الخرائط في ويكي الرحلات}} '''الخرائط''' رسوم بيانية تُظهر مواقع الوجهات بالنسبة إلى الأماكن الأخرى. ويمكن استخدامها مرجعًا أو للتخطيط أو أثناء السفر، أو للجمع بين هذه الأغراض. ==تعرّف== === التاريخ === [[File:Dubai Wikivoyage map ar.png|alt=|thumb|375x375px|خريطة [[Wy/ar/دبي|دبي]] أُعدّت لويكي رحلات، وتُظهر المناطق والطرق الرئيسية وبعض المواقع المهمة<!-- مشار إليها في النص -->]] وُجدت الخرائط منذ مئات السنين، وأصبح رسمها أكثر شيوعًا مع انطلاق رحلات الاستكشاف واكتشاف أراضٍ جديدة. غير أن تلك الخرائط، ومنها ما رسمه المستكشفون في القرن السادس عشر (انظر [[Wy/ar/عصر الاستكشاف|عصر الاستكشاف]])، لم تكن دقيقة في كثير من الأحيان، لافتقار صانعيها إلى الأدوات اللازمة. ومع ذلك، فقد تضمنت عادةً معالم تساعد على استخدامها عمليًا في الملاحة أو غيرها من الأغراض المقصودة. ولفهم رموزها تمامًا، ينبغي فهم تقنيات الملاحة في ذلك العصر. فليس من الضروري معرفة الموقع الدقيق لأحد المعالم، ما دمت تستطيع تحديد طريق آمن يمر بالقرب منه بما يكفي للعثور عليه. ازدادت دقة رسم الخرائط تدريجيًا مع تطور التقنيات ذات الصلة، وبفضل التصوير الجوي والأقمار الصناعية ونظام تحديد المواقع العالمي (GPS)، أصبحت الخرائط شديدة الدقة. لكن هذه الدقة أوجدت مشكلات جديدة؛ ففي أساليب التثليث القديمة، كانت المواقع ''النسبية'' للمعالم دقيقة غالبًا، مع احتمال وجود انحراف كبير عن مواقعها الجغرافية المعلنة. فربما كان الممر الملاحي مرسومًا بصورة صحيحة بين جزيرتين، لكن لأن موضعي الجزيرتين غير صحيحين، قد يوجّه جهاز ملاحة يعتمد على GPS قائد القارب مباشرةً نحو إحداهما. تُدرج الخرائط عادةً في الموسوعات وأدلة السفر مثل هذا الدليل؛ وقد أُعدّت الخريطة الظاهرة إلى اليمين خصيصًا لويكي الرحلات.<!--File:Bali regions map.png--> === أنواع الخرائط === ==== الأشكال والتصاميم ==== كانت خرائط كثيرة، ولا سيما في العصور القديمة، تُرسم على ورقة واحدة؛ أما الخرائط الحديثة فتتوفر بأشكال أخرى، منها المطويات والكتب الكاملة التي تُسمى الأطالس. والخريطة المجسمة للعالم كله بمقياس رسم هي ''الكرة الأرضية''، وهي خالية من تشوهات الإسقاط، لكنها بطبيعتها أصعب حملًا بكثير من نظيراتها ثنائية الأبعاد. بينما كانت الخرائط التاريخية تُرسم غالبًا باليد، فإن معظم الخرائط اليوم تُنتج بالحاسوب. تتوفر اليوم معلومات غزيرة عن أي منطقة، ولذلك يتمثل القرار التصميمي الأهم في الموازنة بين كمية المعلومات المعروضة وسهولة فهمها؛ فالخريطة المكتظة بالتفاصيل يصعب استخدامها. ويحتاج من يقود على الطرق السريعة إلى تمييز المدن الكبرى وأرقام الطرق بسهولة، وهي معلومات تظهر بوضوح أيضًا على اللافتات، ويمكن إضافة معالم أخرى ما دامت لا تعيق ذلك. ويحتاج راكب الدراجة إلى خريطة تُظهر مسارات الدراجات وأكتاف الطرق السريعة الصالحة للاستخدام والطرق الفرعية المناسبة والتضاريس. أما المسافر بخيمة أو مقطورة فيحتاج إلى معرفة مواقع التخييم، وهي معلومات لا تهم غيره بالقدر نفسه. ==== إسقاطات الخرائط ==== [[File:Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection SW.jpg|thumb|420px|يحافظ إسقاط لامبرت على المساحات الصحيحة ولا يشوه المنطقة الاستوائية، لكنه يشوه الأشكال والمسافات عند خطوط العرض العليا.]] [[File:Gall–Peters projection SW.jpg|thumb|320px|إسقاط غال–بيترز أحد الأشكال البديلة التي تقع فيها المناطق غير المشوهة في مواضع أخرى، وهنا عند خطي عرض 15° شمالًا وجنوبًا.]] {{Wy/ar/Mapframe|0|0|zoom=0|width=320|height=250|name=في هذا الإسقاط تتمدد المناطق القريبة من القطبين أيضًا من الجنوب إلى الشمال للحفاظ على صحة الأشكال، مما يجعل تشوه المساحات بالغ الشدة.}} واجه رسامو الخرائط عبر التاريخ مشكلة أن الأرض كروية تقريبًا، أي جسم مستدير ثلاثي الأبعاد، بينما الخرائط ثنائية الأبعاد ومستطيلة. ولذلك استخدموا طرقًا مختلفة لنقل شكل الأرض إلى خريطة مستطيلة ثنائية الأبعاد. ومن أساليب الإسقاط الشائعة ضغط المسافات قرب خط الاستواء وتمديدها عند خطوط العرض العليا. ولهذا تبدو كتل يابسة صغيرة نسبيًا قرب القطب الشمالي بحجم قارات تقع قرب خط الاستواء. يمكن تصميم الخرائط بحيث تحافظ على صحة المسافات أو الزوايا أو المساحات، ولكن لا يمكن الحفاظ على الثلاثة معًا في الوقت نفسه. كما أن التشوهات ليست متساوية في أنحاء الخريطة. وقد تعطي الإسقاطات المختلفة صورة دقيقة نسبيًا على امتداد خط طول أو دائرة عرض أو حول نقطة معينة، مع ازدياد التشوه بعيدًا عن المنطقة موضع الاهتمام. وقد تكون الفروق طفيفة أحيانًا، لكن عند إجراء قياسات دقيقة لمسافات طويلة، كما في الملاحة، يجب مراعاة خصائص الإسقاط. وتبدو التشوهات واضحة في خرائط العالم، وإن كان من اعتاد إسقاطًا معينًا قد يظن أنه يمثل الشكل الحقيقي. ==== الأغراض ==== تخدم الخرائط أغراضًا كثيرة، لكن أهمها للمسافرين عادةً خرائط الطرق، والخرائط السياسية التي تُظهر الحدود الوطنية، والخرائط الطبوغرافية التي تُظهر الجبال والصحاري والأنهار وغيرها. وتحاول خرائط كثيرة متعددة الأغراض الجمع بين هذه الأنواع الثلاثة بدرجات متفاوتة. == شراء خريطة == [[File:Michelin map nr 4 of 1940.jpg|thumb|right|غلاف خريطة ميشلان لمونس ولوكسمبورغ من عام 1940]]{{Wy/ar/Mapframe|51.505|-0.12|zoom=12|name=خريطة أوبن ستريت ماب لـ[[Wy/ar/وسط لندن|وسط لندن]]}} تتوفر الخرائط غالبًا في المتاجر التي تخدم مستخدمي نوع الخريطة المطلوب. ويمكن شراء خرائط الطرق من محطات الوقود، وخرائط المشي الجبلي من مراكز الزوار أو متاجر معدات التنزه، وهكذا. وتبيع مكتبات كثيرة الخرائط أيضًا. وبالطبع يمكن شراؤها عبر الإنترنت، من المتاجر الإلكترونية لتلك الشركات أو من الناشرين أنفسهم. === شركات إعداد الخرائط === [[File:Ordnance Survey maps, W.H. Smith, Enfield.jpg|thumb|متجر يبيع الخرائط]] ==== الخرائط الورقية ==== <!-- هناك مجال لثلاثة عناصر أخرى في هذا القسم إذا اتبعنا حد 7±2 --> * تنتج '''[https://collins.co.uk/pages/a-z/ أطالس شوارع الجغرافيين A–Z]''' خرائط للمناطق الحضرية في المملكة المتحدة. وصدر أول أطلس للندن عام 1936، بعدما أنجزت رسامة الخرائط فيليس بيرسال مهمة ضخمة تمثلت في السير لمسافة 3000 ميل لتغطية شوارع لندن البالغ عددها 23,000 شارع، والتحقق من أسمائها ومواقعها، بل وتحديد أرقام المباني والمحطات والمعالم المهمة. ولم تُرسم الشوارع على الخرائط فحسب، بل أُدرجت أيضًا في فهرس طويل، من طريق '''A'''aron Hill إلى شارع '''Z'''offany! ومع أن أطلس لندن لا يزال الأشهر، أصبح لكل منطقة حضرية في بريطانيا أطلس A–Z خاص بها، وألهمت السلسلة نسخًا عديدة من منافسين تجاريين. * تنتج شركة إطارات السيارات '''[https://travel.michelin.co.uk/ ميشلان]{{Wy/ar/Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}''' بعضًا من أفضل خرائط الطرق في أوروبا، ولا سيما خرائط فرنسا، موطن الشركة، وكذلك معظم البلدان الأوروبية الأخرى والقارة ككل. وبدأ إنتاجها عام 1905 استكمالًا لأدلتها الشهيرة ''Guides rouges'' (الأدلة الحمراء للفنادق والمطاعم، المرتبطة بمنح نجوم ميشلان المرموقة)؛ ثم ظهرت ''Guides verts'' (الأدلة الخضراء للمعالم السياحية والطرق ذات المناظر الخلابة والمدن المثيرة للاهتمام) في ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين. ومن أبرز منتجي أطالس الطرق الآخرين في السوق الأوروبية '''[http://www.theaa.com/travel/aa-shop-maps-and-atlases.html AA]''' و[https://collins.co.uk/ '''كولينز'''] و[https://www.octopusbooks.co.uk/landing-page/philips-octopus/ '''فيليبس''']. * أُجري '''[https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk المسح الجغرافي البريطاني (Ordnance Survey)]''' للمرة الأولى في أنحاء بريطانيا العظمى عقب انتفاضة اليعاقبة عام 1745، وكان محاولة رائدة لرسم خرائط اسكتلندا كلها أولًا، ثم الجزر البريطانية بأكملها، بمقياس 1:36,000. وخلال القرون الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر وأوائل العشرين، نُقحت هذه الخرائط وحُدثت باستخدام التثليث؛ ونقاط التثليث القائمة على معظم قمم البلاد نتاج أعمال عام 1936. واليوم تستخدم الهيئة الخرائط المعتمدة على الأقمار الصناعية مثل غيرها، وتنتج بفارق كبير أكثر الخرائط الطبوغرافية البريطانية تفصيلًا، وهي ضرورية لكل مسافر يريد الخروج عن المسارات المعتادة. وتُعد خرائط ''Landranger'' متعددة الأغراض ذات الأغلفة الوردية (1:50,000)، وخرائط ''Explorer'' للمشي وركوب الدراجات ذات الأغلفة البرتقالية (1:25,000)، أشهر سلسلتين، إلى جانب [https://www.mapserve.co.uk/blog/all-about-mastermap OS MasterMap]، المنتج المتقدم للهيئة الذي يغطي جميع المعالم الثابتة في المملكة المتحدة التي يزيد حجمها على بضعة أمتار ضمن خريطة رقمية واحدة متصلة. * تشتهر '''[https://www.randmcnally.com راند ماكنالي]''' بخرائط الولايات المتحدة. وتنشر الشركة كتبًا تُخصص فيها كل صفحة لخريطة ولاية من [[Wy/ar/الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية|الولايات الخمسين]]. وتتضمن الكتب أقسامًا أخرى، مثل معلومات عن طرق ووجهات معينة. واستخدم أطالس الطرق الوطنية من راند ماكنالي إذا كنت مهتمًا بالسفر لمسافات طويلة (نحو مئة ميل أو أكثر)، لا إذا كنت تقود داخل مدينة أو تريد تضاريس مكان معين بتفصيل دقيق. * لا توجد خريطة لمدينة أكثر ألفةً لسكانها وزوارها من خريطة شبكة النقل العام فيها. ولعل أكثر هذه الخرائط تأثيرًا '''خريطة مترو أنفاق لندن'''، ولا سيما نسخة عام 1933 التي ابتكرها الرسام التقني هاري بيك؛ فقد كانت أول خريطة تتخلى عن الدقة الجغرافية وتركز على رسم مبسط للخطوط يشبه «مخطط الدوائر الكهربائية»، بألوان أساسية واضحة، وبخطوط رأسية وأفقية وقطرية بزاوية 45° فقط. ويمكن رؤية تأثير بيك في خريطة المترو الحديثة، وكذلك في خرائط شبكات المترو حول العالم. ومن خرائط النقل الشهيرة الأخرى، وإن لم تتبع جميعها مبادئ بيك، خرائط أنظمة برلين وشيكاغو ومدريد وموسكو ونيويورك وباريس وطوكيو وواشنطن العاصمة. * يصدر '''[https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-hydrographic-office المكتب الهيدروغرافي للمملكة المتحدة]''' خرائط الأميرالية البحرية لمعظم المناطق المهمة للملاحة الدولية. ومع أن الخرائط المنتجة محليًا قد تكون أكثر تفصيلًا، فإن تغطيتها شبه العالمية تجعل خرائط الأميرالية خيارًا شائعًا. ==== الخرائط الإلكترونية ====<!-- هناك مجال لاثني عشر عنصرًا إضافيًا في هذا القسم إذا اتبعنا حد 15 --> {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الملاحة|الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي}} تأتي معظم أجهزة الملاحة وتطبيقاتها مزودة بخرائط. ويتطلب بعضها شراء الخرائط المطلوبة، ويتيح بعضها تنزيلها مجانًا، بينما يستخدم بعضها خرائط عبر الإنترنت تُحمّل أجزاءً صغيرة حسب الحاجة، ما دام اتصال الإنترنت يعمل. ويمكن استخدام بعض الخرائط الإلكترونية من خلال متصفح الويب. من الخرائط المتوفرة على شبكة الويب: * '''[https://www.openstreetmap.org/about أوبن ستريت ماب]''' (OSM) خدمة خرائط مفتوحة المصدر على الإنترنت يديرها متطوعون. وتعتمد معظم خرائط ويكي الرحلات على بياناتها، مع عرض بعض طبقاتها. وتُستخدم بياناتها أيضًا، مثلًا، في بعض خرائط ركوب الدراجات والمشي الجبلي. * '''[https://www.google.com/maps/about/ خرائط جوجل]''' أحد منتجات جوجل العديدة، وتشبه إلى حد كبير أوبن ستريت ماب. وتوفر خرائط جوجل أيضًا إرشادات الاتجاهات؛ إذ يمكنك إدخال نقطة الانطلاق والوجهة ليعطيك النظام مسارًا يمكنك طباعته. وتدير جوجل أيضًا '''[https://www.google.com/earth/ جوجل إيرث]'''، وهو خريطة للعالم مؤلفة من صور الأقمار الصناعية، بتفاصيل تصل إلى المنازل الفردية. وكانت الإصدارات الأقدم القابلة للتنزيل تتيح للمستخدمين رسم المسارات فوق الخريطة وإنشاء نماذج للمباني. == استخدام الخريطة == === الأنشطة === تُسهّل الخريطة بعض الأنشطة، ولا سيما تلك التي تتضمن [[Wy/ar/النقل|التنقل]]. [[File:MBTA Boston subway map.png|alt=|thumb|480x480px|خريطة مترو الأنفاق في [[Wy/ar/بوسطن|بوسطن]]، مرسومة هنا على خريطة أساسية غير مشوهة]] ==== القيادة ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|القيادة}} عند القيادة، يوفر أطلس الطرق مزايا مقارنة بمجموعة أوراق خرائط منفصلة يصعب التعامل معها. ويكون استخدام الخريطة أسهل في الرحلات الطويلة على الطرق السريعة الرئيسية منه أثناء القيادة في شارع ضيق داخل مدينة كبيرة. وجود شخص ثانٍ لقراءة الخريطة أمر أساسي، إلا إذا كان لديك جهاز يقدم توجيهات صوتية. ويسمح تثبيت الجهاز في حامل مناسب للسائق بالنظر إلى شاشته للملاحة عندما يكون الطريق هادئًا، ولكن فقط ما دامت لا توجد مفاجآت أو مواقف مربكة؛ فالتدقيق في الجهاز أو تغيير إعداداته سيصرف انتباهك عن الطريق في اللحظة التي كان ينبغي أن تلاحظ فيها حيوان الموظ أو الدراجة أو الطفل. وقد تكون الشوارع والطرق المزدحمة حافلة بالأحداث إلى درجة لا تسمح حتى بإلقاء نظرة خاطفة على جهاز الملاحة. ==== النقل العام ==== توفر خدمات [[Wy/ar/النقل العام|النقل العام]] خرائط تبين نطاق شبكاتها. ويعرض بعضها الخطوط على خريطة عادية يمكن الاستعانة بها أيضًا في تحديد الاتجاهات سيرًا على الأقدام، أو على خريطة مصغرة يسهل استخدامها إلى جانب خريطة أخرى للمدينة. وغالبًا ما تكون خرائط خطوط المترو تخطيطية، مع تشويه المسافات والاتجاهات؛ إذ يُفترض أن المستخدم يعرف المحطة التي يقصدها، ويستخدم الخريطة لمعرفة ما إذا كان عليه تبديل الخطوط وأين يفعل ذلك، وللتعرف على المحطات الواقعة في الطريق. ==== المشي الجبلي ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|المشي الجبلي|تحديد الاتجاهات}} توفر متنزهات كثيرة، ولا سيما المتنزهات الوطنية، خرائط لشبكات مساراتها. وتشمل هذه الخرائط مواقع أخرى، مثل مراكز الزوار والمعالم المهمة، لتكون نقاطًا مرجعية عند مقارنتها بالمسارات. وغالبًا ما تكون خرائط المتنزهات ''طبوغرافية''، فتُظهر التلال بخطوط الكنتور، التي يمثل كل منها ارتفاعًا محددًا. وكلما تباعدت خطوط الكنتور كانت الأرض أكثر استواءً. ولذلك تكون المسارات التي تعبر خطوط كنتور كثيرة خلال مسافة قصيرة أصعب من المسارات التي تعبر عددًا قليلًا منها أو لا تعبر أيًا منها. وكثيرًا ما تُظهر الخرائط أنواع الغطاء النباتي، على الأقل بالتمييز بين الغابات والأراضي المكشوفة، مع تحديد المستنقعات والحقول الصخرية. حيث لا تكون المسارات محددة بوضوح، أو حين ترغب في الخروج عنها، مثل التوجه إلى مكان للتخييم في البرية أو الطهي أو السباحة أو الاحتماء من تدهور الطقس، ستحتاج إلى خريطة مفصلة بما يكفي للملاحة دون الاعتماد على المسار وعلاماته. وفي التضاريس المفتوحة قد يكفي مقياس رسم صغير نسبيًا، أما في المناطق الصخرية أو الحرجية فتحتاج إلى تفاصيل المعالم المحيطة مباشرةً للاستدلال بها. وفي جميع الأحوال، ينبغي أن تكون الخريطة مفصلة بما يسمح باختيار طريق ممكن في التضاريس والالتزام به. ==== ركوب الدراجات ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|ركوب الدراجات}} تتوفر أحيانًا خرائط لمسارات الدراجات في منطقة معينة. وغالبًا ما تُعد ضمن جهود أوسع لتشجيع ركوب الدراجات، سواء للتنقل اليومي أو للسياحة، مما يعني أن المناطق التي تتوفر لها هذه الخرائط تمتلك عادةً بنية تحتية متطورة نسبيًا للدراجات، أو على الأقل عددًا جيدًا من المسارات الآمنة والمريحة، سواء على الطرق أو على مسارات مخصصة للدراجات. ومن الصعب معرفة وجود مسارات للدراجات أو أكتاف طرق معبدة بعرض كافٍ من خرائط الطرق العادية، أو معرفة مدى ملاءمة الطرق لركوب الدراجات عمومًا. وقد تُظهر خرائط الدراجات أيضًا طرقًا فرعية جميلة وخدمات مفيدة. ==== الإبحار ==== {{Wy/ar/Seealso|الملاحة}} تُخصص الخرائط البحرية لملاحة القوارب والسفن. وتُظهر السواحل والموانئ ومناطق الرسو والممرات الملاحية والمياه الضحلة والأعماق والعلامات المساعدة على الملاحة وغيرها. === الرموز الشائعة === قد تختلف الرموز اختلافًا كبيرًا بحسب نوع الخريطة ومقياسها والمنطقة والناشر. وتتضمن أي خريطة ورقية جيدة مفتاحًا يوضح معاني الألوان والرموز المستخدمة. أما الخرائط الإلكترونية العامة وتطبيقات الملاحة، مثل خرائط جوجل، فغالبًا ما تترك للمستخدم استنتاج معاني أنظمة الألوان والأيقونات المبسطة جدًا. ولحسن الحظ، هناك مبادئ مشتركة في خرائط كثيرة تجعل ذلك ممكنًا. ==== رموز النقاط ==== * تُستخدم الدوائر الصغيرة أو النقاط في الخرائط صغيرة المقياس لتمثيل التجمعات السكانية. * غالبًا ما تمثل النجوم العواصم. * تمثل رموز الطائرات المطارات ومهابط الطائرات. * تمثل المراسي الموانئ أو أماكن رسو القوارب. * تمثل المثلثات التي بجانبها أرقام القمم الجبلية وارتفاعاتها. ==== الخطوط ==== * تمثل الخطوط المتصلة متفاوتة العرض، التي غالبًا ما تكون حمراء أو صفراء أو بيضاء، أنواعًا مختلفة من الطرق. * تمثل الخطوط المتقطعة السوداء والبيضاء عادةً السكك الحديدية. * تمثل الخطوط المتقطعة أو المؤلفة من شرطات ونقاط، ولا سيما المصحوبة بتظليل حولها، نوعًا من الحدود السياسية عادةً. * تمثل الخطوط الزرقاء عادةً المعالم المائية الخطية مثل الأنهار والجداول والقنوات والسواحل. * تمثل الخطوط البنية الرفيعة المتوازية التضاريس والارتفاعات. ==== المساحات ==== * قد تمثل المساحات الخضراء أنواعًا مختلفة من المناطق، وغالبًا ما تكون طبيعية أو شبه طبيعية، مثل الغابات والأحراج والمناطق المحمية. وفي خرائط تحديد الاتجاهات يدل اللون الأخضر على الغطاء النباتي الكثيف، بينما يشير في خرائط المدن غالبًا إلى نوع من المتنزهات. * تمثل المساحات الزرقاء المسطحات المائية الكبيرة مثل البحيرات والمحيطات. * قد تمثل المساحات الصفراء الشواطئ أو الأراضي الزراعية أو المناطق الريفية. * تمثل المساحات البيضاء الأراضي المكشوفة، أو المياه الصالحة للملاحة في الخرائط البحرية. * تكون المناطق المظللة أو المخططة بالأحمر غالبًا غير متاحة للجمهور لسبب أو لآخر. == انظر أيضًا == * [[Wy/ar/الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي|الملاحة باستخدام نظام تحديد المواقع العالمي]] {{Wy/ar/جزء|الملاحة}} [[Category:Wy/ar]] ekyeayz1ahv0youbkd3ekv6kayage2v 0 3827382 7374732 2026-10-26T08:28:52Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 Created page with "Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] [[Category:Wp/nyn]]" 7374732 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 31r0nhqdsjcekp54re65719lc483kv3 7374734 7374732 2026-10-26T08:29:17Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374734 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] tps62giw58ychdohpxhrgqoiqjowh47 7374738 7374734 2026-10-26T08:31:52Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 /* Omurimo gw'okubanza */ 7374738 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] co0djbgiyossvd20vgzkq89l51m3lzn 7374739 7374738 2026-10-26T08:32:28Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374739 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] amo81s94bo7b2gq0ncs0ahkff5nxc5u 7374740 7374739 2026-10-26T08:34:23Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 /* Omurimo gw'obukugu */ 7374740 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == Bwanyima y'okutunguurwa kuza omu tiimu enkuru, Obenchan akagurizibwa omuri UPDF FC omu siizoni ya 2017-2018. Kwonka, obwire bwe bw'okugurizibwa bukashazibwamu, kandi akagaruka omuri KCCA FC ahagati ya siizoni.[3][4][5][6] Aha KCCA, naakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurinda tiimu, arikubahwera kutunga ebikopo bingi, otwariiremu ekikopo kimwe ky'empaka za Uganda Premier League, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya Uganda, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya CECAFA Club Cup, ebikopo bibiri bya Super Cups, hamwe n'ekikopo kimwe kya Super 8 Cup.[7][8] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 6y5yptfr3e2m7x916z1w10212u4vxl3 7374749 7374740 2026-10-26T08:56:32Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374749 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == Bwanyima y'okutunguurwa kuza omu tiimu enkuru, Obenchan akagurizibwa omuri UPDF FC omu siizoni ya 2017-2018. Kwonka, obwire bwe bw'okugurizibwa bukashazibwamu, kandi akagaruka omuri KCCA FC ahagati ya siizoni.[3][4][5][6] Aha KCCA, naakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurinda tiimu, arikubahwera kutunga ebikopo bingi, otwariiremu ekikopo kimwe ky'empaka za Uganda Premier League, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya Uganda, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya CECAFA Club Cup, ebikopo bibiri bya Super Cups, hamwe n'ekikopo kimwe kya Super 8 Cup.[7][8] Obenchan akaruga omuri KCCA FC omu Kwakataano 2021 bwanyima y'endagaano ye kuhwa. Kiraabu ekasiima ebi yaakozire kandi yaayoreka okusiima ahabw'okwehayo kwe omu myaka ehingwireho. Kwonka, akagaruka omuri KCCA FC omu Kwanza 2022 aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu n'ekicweka, eyabaire eteekateekirwe kumuguma aha kiraabu kuhisya 2025, ahu yaheebwa enamba y'eshati 35. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 3gpljkityzc5f4d4heo50q9i1p2kdyl 7374751 7374749 2026-10-26T08:57:09Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374751 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == Bwanyima y'okutunguurwa kuza omu tiimu enkuru, Obenchan akagurizibwa omuri UPDF FC omu siizoni ya 2017-2018. Kwonka, obwire bwe bw'okugurizibwa bukashazibwamu, kandi akagaruka omuri KCCA FC ahagati ya siizoni.[3][4][5][6] Aha KCCA, naakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurinda tiimu, arikubahwera kutunga ebikopo bingi, otwariiremu ekikopo kimwe ky'empaka za Uganda Premier League, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya Uganda, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya CECAFA Club Cup, ebikopo bibiri bya Super Cups, hamwe n'ekikopo kimwe kya Super 8 Cup.[7][8] Obenchan akaruga omuri KCCA FC omu Kwakataano 2021 bwanyima y'endagaano ye kuhwa. Kiraabu ekasiima ebi yaakozire kandi yaayoreka okusiima ahabw'okwehayo kwe omu myaka ehingwireho. Kwonka, akagaruka omuri KCCA FC omu Kwanza 2022 aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu n'ekicweka, eyabaire eteekateekirwe kumuguma aha kiraabu kuhisya 2025, ahu yaheebwa enamba y'eshati 35. == Omuringo gw'okuzaana == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] mik5s3avhup4a1wzokgzrbfmg1s3god 7374752 7374751 2026-10-26T08:58:09Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374752 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == Bwanyima y'okutunguurwa kuza omu tiimu enkuru, Obenchan akagurizibwa omuri UPDF FC omu siizoni ya 2017-2018. Kwonka, obwire bwe bw'okugurizibwa bukashazibwamu, kandi akagaruka omuri KCCA FC ahagati ya siizoni.[3][4][5][6] Aha KCCA, naakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurinda tiimu, arikubahwera kutunga ebikopo bingi, otwariiremu ekikopo kimwe ky'empaka za Uganda Premier League, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya Uganda, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya CECAFA Club Cup, ebikopo bibiri bya Super Cups, hamwe n'ekikopo kimwe kya Super 8 Cup.[7][8] Obenchan akaruga omuri KCCA FC omu Kwakataano 2021 bwanyima y'endagaano ye kuhwa. Kiraabu ekasiima ebi yaakozire kandi yaayoreka okusiima ahabw'okwehayo kwe omu myaka ehingwireho. Kwonka, akagaruka omuri KCCA FC omu Kwanza 2022 aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu n'ekicweka, eyabaire eteekateekirwe kumuguma aha kiraabu kuhisya 2025, ahu yaheebwa enamba y'eshati 35. == Omuringo gw'okuzaana == == Omuringo gw'okuzaana == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] rk1k6ojkgtrjfe3e4t5jin46atcfs1u 7374755 7374752 2026-10-26T09:04:06Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374755 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == Bwanyima y'okutunguurwa kuza omu tiimu enkuru, Obenchan akagurizibwa omuri UPDF FC omu siizoni ya 2017-2018. Kwonka, obwire bwe bw'okugurizibwa bukashazibwamu, kandi akagaruka omuri KCCA FC ahagati ya siizoni.[3][4][5][6] Aha KCCA, naakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurinda tiimu, arikubahwera kutunga ebikopo bingi, otwariiremu ekikopo kimwe ky'empaka za Uganda Premier League, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya Uganda, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya CECAFA Club Cup, ebikopo bibiri bya Super Cups, hamwe n'ekikopo kimwe kya Super 8 Cup.[7][8] Obenchan akaruga omuri KCCA FC omu Kwakataano 2021 bwanyima y'endagaano ye kuhwa. Kiraabu ekasiima ebi yaakozire kandi yaayoreka okusiima ahabw'okwehayo kwe omu myaka ehingwireho. Kwonka, akagaruka omuri KCCA FC omu Kwanza 2022 aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu n'ekicweka, eyabaire eteekateekirwe kumuguma aha kiraabu kuhisya 2025, ahu yaheebwa enamba y'eshati 35. == Omuringo gw'okuzaana == Obenchan naamanywa ahabw'okukora emirimo mingi omu by'okwerinda, arikubaasa kuzaana omu myanya mingi aha rubaju rw'enyima. Emirimo ye y'okwerinda hamwe n'okumanya kw'obukodyo bimuhindwire omuzaani orikwesigwa ahari KCCA FC omu bwire bwona obw'omurimo gwe.[6] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] ql563do9efg1x2dwzvldco8zf2or5j3 7374756 7374755 2026-10-26T09:04:47Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374756 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == Bwanyima y'okutunguurwa kuza omu tiimu enkuru, Obenchan akagurizibwa omuri UPDF FC omu siizoni ya 2017-2018. Kwonka, obwire bwe bw'okugurizibwa bukashazibwamu, kandi akagaruka omuri KCCA FC ahagati ya siizoni.[3][4][5][6] Aha KCCA, naakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurinda tiimu, arikubahwera kutunga ebikopo bingi, otwariiremu ekikopo kimwe ky'empaka za Uganda Premier League, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya Uganda, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya CECAFA Club Cup, ebikopo bibiri bya Super Cups, hamwe n'ekikopo kimwe kya Super 8 Cup.[7][8] Obenchan akaruga omuri KCCA FC omu Kwakataano 2021 bwanyima y'endagaano ye kuhwa. Kiraabu ekasiima ebi yaakozire kandi yaayoreka okusiima ahabw'okwehayo kwe omu myaka ehingwireho. Kwonka, akagaruka omuri KCCA FC omu Kwanza 2022 aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu n'ekicweka, eyabaire eteekateekirwe kumuguma aha kiraabu kuhisya 2025, ahu yaheebwa enamba y'eshati 35. == Omuringo gw'okuzaana == Obenchan naamanywa ahabw'okukora emirimo mingi omu by'okwerinda, arikubaasa kuzaana omu myanya mingi aha rubaju rw'enyima. Emirimo ye y'okwerinda hamwe n'okumanya kw'obukodyo bimuhindwire omuzaani orikwesigwa ahari KCCA FC omu bwire bwona obw'omurimo gwe.[6] == Ebyahikirweho == [[Category:Wp/nyn]] nvk8jr8txze743868ihf3m1xx5kxoav 7374772 7374756 2026-10-26T09:23:00Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374772 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == Bwanyima y'okutunguurwa kuza omu tiimu enkuru, Obenchan akagurizibwa omuri UPDF FC omu siizoni ya 2017-2018. Kwonka, obwire bwe bw'okugurizibwa bukashazibwamu, kandi akagaruka omuri KCCA FC ahagati ya siizoni.[3][4][5][6] Aha KCCA, naakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurinda tiimu, arikubahwera kutunga ebikopo bingi, otwariiremu ekikopo kimwe ky'empaka za Uganda Premier League, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya Uganda, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya CECAFA Club Cup, ebikopo bibiri bya Super Cups, hamwe n'ekikopo kimwe kya Super 8 Cup.[7][8] Obenchan akaruga omuri KCCA FC omu Kwakataano 2021 bwanyima y'endagaano ye kuhwa. Kiraabu ekasiima ebi yaakozire kandi yaayoreka okusiima ahabw'okwehayo kwe omu myaka ehingwireho. Kwonka, akagaruka omuri KCCA FC omu Kwanza 2022 aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu n'ekicweka, eyabaire eteekateekirwe kumuguma aha kiraabu kuhisya 2025, ahu yaheebwa enamba y'eshati 35. == Omuringo gw'okuzaana == Obenchan naamanywa ahabw'okukora emirimo mingi omu by'okwerinda, arikubaasa kuzaana omu myanya mingi aha rubaju rw'enyima. Emirimo ye y'okwerinda hamwe n'okumanya kw'obukodyo bimuhindwire omuzaani orikwesigwa ahari KCCA FC omu bwire bwona obw'omurimo gwe.[6] == Ebyahikirweho == Obu yaabaire ari omuri KCCA FC, obuhwezi bwa Obenchan bukaba buri obw'omugasho omu buhanguzi bw'ekibiina omu mpaka ezitarikushushana, otwariiremu:[4] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 4jphk1j0a9hnwfvga84m54k1twjqvrg 7374786 7374772 2026-10-26T09:34:49Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374786 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == Bwanyima y'okutunguurwa kuza omu tiimu enkuru, Obenchan akagurizibwa omuri UPDF FC omu siizoni ya 2017-2018. Kwonka, obwire bwe bw'okugurizibwa bukashazibwamu, kandi akagaruka omuri KCCA FC ahagati ya siizoni.[3][4][5][6] Aha KCCA, naakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurinda tiimu, arikubahwera kutunga ebikopo bingi, otwariiremu ekikopo kimwe ky'empaka za Uganda Premier League, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya Uganda, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya CECAFA Club Cup, ebikopo bibiri bya Super Cups, hamwe n'ekikopo kimwe kya Super 8 Cup.[7][8] Obenchan akaruga omuri KCCA FC omu Kwakataano 2021 bwanyima y'endagaano ye kuhwa. Kiraabu ekasiima ebi yaakozire kandi yaayoreka okusiima ahabw'okwehayo kwe omu myaka ehingwireho. Kwonka, akagaruka omuri KCCA FC omu Kwanza 2022 aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu n'ekicweka, eyabaire eteekateekirwe kumuguma aha kiraabu kuhisya 2025, ahu yaheebwa enamba y'eshati 35. == Omuringo gw'okuzaana == Obenchan naamanywa ahabw'okukora emirimo mingi omu by'okwerinda, arikubaasa kuzaana omu myanya mingi aha rubaju rw'enyima. Emirimo ye y'okwerinda hamwe n'okumanya kw'obukodyo bimuhindwire omuzaani orikwesigwa ahari KCCA FC omu bwire bwona obw'omurimo gwe.[6] == Ebyahikirweho == Obu yaabaire ari omuri KCCA FC, obuhwezi bwa Obenchan bukaba buri obw'omugasho omu buhanguzi bw'ekibiina omu mpaka ezitarikushushana, otwariiremu:[4] * 1 Uganda Premier League title * 1 Uganda Cup * 1 CECAFA Club Cup * 2 Super Cups * 1 Super 8 Cup [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 1w8ub2nppsbg4nnoexg7fs9gl4hk0ob 7374787 7374786 2026-10-26T09:39:36Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374787 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == Bwanyima y'okutunguurwa kuza omu tiimu enkuru, Obenchan akagurizibwa omuri UPDF FC omu siizoni ya 2017-2018. Kwonka, obwire bwe bw'okugurizibwa bukashazibwamu, kandi akagaruka omuri KCCA FC ahagati ya siizoni.[3][4][5][6] Aha KCCA, naakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurinda tiimu, arikubahwera kutunga ebikopo bingi, otwariiremu ekikopo kimwe ky'empaka za Uganda Premier League, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya Uganda, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya CECAFA Club Cup, ebikopo bibiri bya Super Cups, hamwe n'ekikopo kimwe kya Super 8 Cup.[7][8] Obenchan akaruga omuri KCCA FC omu Kwakataano 2021 bwanyima y'endagaano ye kuhwa. Kiraabu ekasiima ebi yaakozire kandi yaayoreka okusiima ahabw'okwehayo kwe omu myaka ehingwireho. Kwonka, akagaruka omuri KCCA FC omu Kwanza 2022 aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu n'ekicweka, eyabaire eteekateekirwe kumuguma aha kiraabu kuhisya 2025, ahu yaheebwa enamba y'eshati 35. == Omuringo gw'okuzaana == Obenchan naamanywa ahabw'okukora emirimo mingi omu by'okwerinda, arikubaasa kuzaana omu myanya mingi aha rubaju rw'enyima. Emirimo ye y'okwerinda hamwe n'okumanya kw'obukodyo bimuhindwire omuzaani orikwesigwa ahari KCCA FC omu bwire bwona obw'omurimo gwe.[6] == Ebyahikirweho == Obu yaabaire ari omuri KCCA FC, obuhwezi bwa Obenchan bukaba buri obw'omugasho omu buhanguzi bw'ekibiina omu mpaka ezitarikushushana, otwariiremu:[4] * 1 Uganda Premier League title * 1 Uganda Cup * 1 CECAFA Club Cup * 2 Super Cups * 1 Super 8 Cup Okukora kwe kukaba kuri okw'amaani omu rugyendo rwa KCCA FC kuza omu kibinja ky'empaka za CAF Champions League omuri 2018. [[Category:Wp/nyn]] mu0wrzsgyt49lae42olc8raucgujng1 7374792 7374787 2026-10-26T09:44:32Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374792 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == Bwanyima y'okutunguurwa kuza omu tiimu enkuru, Obenchan akagurizibwa omuri UPDF FC omu siizoni ya 2017-2018. Kwonka, obwire bwe bw'okugurizibwa bukashazibwamu, kandi akagaruka omuri KCCA FC ahagati ya siizoni.[3][4][5][6] Aha KCCA, naakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurinda tiimu, arikubahwera kutunga ebikopo bingi, otwariiremu ekikopo kimwe ky'empaka za Uganda Premier League, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya Uganda, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya CECAFA Club Cup, ebikopo bibiri bya Super Cups, hamwe n'ekikopo kimwe kya Super 8 Cup.[7][8] Obenchan akaruga omuri KCCA FC omu Kwakataano 2021 bwanyima y'endagaano ye kuhwa. Kiraabu ekasiima ebi yaakozire kandi yaayoreka okusiima ahabw'okwehayo kwe omu myaka ehingwireho. Kwonka, akagaruka omuri KCCA FC omu Kwanza 2022 aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu n'ekicweka, eyabaire eteekateekirwe kumuguma aha kiraabu kuhisya 2025, ahu yaheebwa enamba y'eshati 35. == Omuringo gw'okuzaana == Obenchan naamanywa ahabw'okukora emirimo mingi omu by'okwerinda, arikubaasa kuzaana omu myanya mingi aha rubaju rw'enyima. Emirimo ye y'okwerinda hamwe n'okumanya kw'obukodyo bimuhindwire omuzaani orikwesigwa ahari KCCA FC omu bwire bwona obw'omurimo gwe.[6] == Ebyahikirweho == Obu yaabaire ari omuri KCCA FC, obuhwezi bwa Obenchan bukaba buri obw'omugasho omu buhanguzi bw'ekibiina omu mpaka ezitarikushushana, otwariiremu:[4] * 1 Uganda Premier League title * 1 Uganda Cup * 1 CECAFA Club Cup * 2 Super Cups * 1 Super 8 Cup Okukora kwe kukaba kuri okw'amaani omu rugyendo rwa KCCA FC kuza omu kibinja ky'empaka za CAF Champions League omuri 2018. Ebirikuhikaana [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 13rxf0v1okeep1aarsim1ehcw9xhb7f 7374793 7374792 2026-10-26T09:45:04Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374793 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == Bwanyima y'okutunguurwa kuza omu tiimu enkuru, Obenchan akagurizibwa omuri UPDF FC omu siizoni ya 2017-2018. Kwonka, obwire bwe bw'okugurizibwa bukashazibwamu, kandi akagaruka omuri KCCA FC ahagati ya siizoni.[3][4][5][6] Aha KCCA, naakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurinda tiimu, arikubahwera kutunga ebikopo bingi, otwariiremu ekikopo kimwe ky'empaka za Uganda Premier League, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya Uganda, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya CECAFA Club Cup, ebikopo bibiri bya Super Cups, hamwe n'ekikopo kimwe kya Super 8 Cup.[7][8] Obenchan akaruga omuri KCCA FC omu Kwakataano 2021 bwanyima y'endagaano ye kuhwa. Kiraabu ekasiima ebi yaakozire kandi yaayoreka okusiima ahabw'okwehayo kwe omu myaka ehingwireho. Kwonka, akagaruka omuri KCCA FC omu Kwanza 2022 aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu n'ekicweka, eyabaire eteekateekirwe kumuguma aha kiraabu kuhisya 2025, ahu yaheebwa enamba y'eshati 35. == Omuringo gw'okuzaana == Obenchan naamanywa ahabw'okukora emirimo mingi omu by'okwerinda, arikubaasa kuzaana omu myanya mingi aha rubaju rw'enyima. Emirimo ye y'okwerinda hamwe n'okumanya kw'obukodyo bimuhindwire omuzaani orikwesigwa ahari KCCA FC omu bwire bwona obw'omurimo gwe.[6] == Ebyahikirweho == Obu yaabaire ari omuri KCCA FC, obuhwezi bwa Obenchan bukaba buri obw'omugasho omu buhanguzi bw'ekibiina omu mpaka ezitarikushushana, otwariiremu:[4] * 1 Uganda Premier League title * 1 Uganda Cup * 1 CECAFA Club Cup * 2 Super Cups * 1 Super 8 Cup Okukora kwe kukaba kuri okw'amaani omu rugyendo rwa KCCA FC kuza omu kibinja ky'empaka za CAF Champions League omuri 2018. == Ebirikuhikaana == Emwe aha mizaano eyazaanirwe;[9] [[Category:Wp/nyn]] jushfipx13joallya28t4xynsjwjhql 7374800 7374793 2026-10-26T10:06:52Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374800 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == Bwanyima y'okutunguurwa kuza omu tiimu enkuru, Obenchan akagurizibwa omuri UPDF FC omu siizoni ya 2017-2018. Kwonka, obwire bwe bw'okugurizibwa bukashazibwamu, kandi akagaruka omuri KCCA FC ahagati ya siizoni.[3][4][5][6] Aha KCCA, naakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurinda tiimu, arikubahwera kutunga ebikopo bingi, otwariiremu ekikopo kimwe ky'empaka za Uganda Premier League, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya Uganda, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya CECAFA Club Cup, ebikopo bibiri bya Super Cups, hamwe n'ekikopo kimwe kya Super 8 Cup.[7][8] Obenchan akaruga omuri KCCA FC omu Kwakataano 2021 bwanyima y'endagaano ye kuhwa. Kiraabu ekasiima ebi yaakozire kandi yaayoreka okusiima ahabw'okwehayo kwe omu myaka ehingwireho. Kwonka, akagaruka omuri KCCA FC omu Kwanza 2022 aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu n'ekicweka, eyabaire eteekateekirwe kumuguma aha kiraabu kuhisya 2025, ahu yaheebwa enamba y'eshati 35. == Omuringo gw'okuzaana == Obenchan naamanywa ahabw'okukora emirimo mingi omu by'okwerinda, arikubaasa kuzaana omu myanya mingi aha rubaju rw'enyima. Emirimo ye y'okwerinda hamwe n'okumanya kw'obukodyo bimuhindwire omuzaani orikwesigwa ahari KCCA FC omu bwire bwona obw'omurimo gwe.[6] == Ebyahikirweho == Obu yaabaire ari omuri KCCA FC, obuhwezi bwa Obenchan bukaba buri obw'omugasho omu buhanguzi bw'ekibiina omu mpaka ezitarikushushana, otwariiremu:[4] * 1 Uganda Premier League title * 1 Uganda Cup * 1 CECAFA Club Cup * 2 Super Cups * 1 Super 8 Cup Okukora kwe kukaba kuri okw'amaani omu rugyendo rwa KCCA FC kuza omu kibinja ky'empaka za CAF Champions League omuri 2018. == Ebirikuhikaana == Emwe aha mizaano eyazaanirwe;[9] {| class="wikitable" |+'''KCCA FC Recent Matches''' !Date !Competition !Home team !Score !Away team |- !20 Sep 2023 !Uganda Premier League !BUL FC !1-1 !Kampala City Council FC |- |13 Sep 2023 |Uganda Premier League |Kampala City Council FC |1-0 |URA Kampala |- | | | | | |- | | | | | |} [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 9x6mjztbyyziacx5y8712n9os8i3a1s 7374801 7374800 2026-10-26T10:08:49Z Brenda Namulinda 2608960 7374801 wikitext text/x-wiki Filbert Obenchan (akazarwa okwa kabiri 7, 1996) n'omuzaani w'omupiira omu Uganda orikukira kuzaana nk'omuzibizi. Naamanywa munonga ahabw'obwire bwe aha Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) FC, ahu yaakozire ebirikumanyisa omu kusingura kw'ekibiina omu Uganda Premier League.[1] == Omurimo gw'okubanza == Obenchan akatandika omurimo gwe gw'omupiira aha KCCA FC soccer academy, ahu yaazaanire kumara emyaka ebiri, kuruga 2015 kuhisya 2017. Okukora kwe omu academy kukamureetera okutwarwa omu tiimu enkuru omuri 2017, arikwegaita aha bazaani abandi bato nka Allan Okello na Peter Magambo.[2] == Omurimo gw'obukugu == Bwanyima y'okutunguurwa kuza omu tiimu enkuru, Obenchan akagurizibwa omuri UPDF FC omu siizoni ya 2017-2018. Kwonka, obwire bwe bw'okugurizibwa bukashazibwamu, kandi akagaruka omuri KCCA FC ahagati ya siizoni.[3][4][5][6] Aha KCCA, naakora omurimo gw'amaani omu kurinda tiimu, arikubahwera kutunga ebikopo bingi, otwariiremu ekikopo kimwe ky'empaka za Uganda Premier League, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya Uganda, ekikopo kimwe ky'ekikopo kya CECAFA Club Cup, ebikopo bibiri bya Super Cups, hamwe n'ekikopo kimwe kya Super 8 Cup.[7][8] Obenchan akaruga omuri KCCA FC omu Kwakataano 2021 bwanyima y'endagaano ye kuhwa. Kiraabu ekasiima ebi yaakozire kandi yaayoreka okusiima ahabw'okwehayo kwe omu myaka ehingwireho. Kwonka, akagaruka omuri KCCA FC omu Kwanza 2022 aha ndagaano y'emyaka eshatu n'ekicweka, eyabaire eteekateekirwe kumuguma aha kiraabu kuhisya 2025, ahu yaheebwa enamba y'eshati 35. == Omuringo gw'okuzaana == Obenchan naamanywa ahabw'okukora emirimo mingi omu by'okwerinda, arikubaasa kuzaana omu myanya mingi aha rubaju rw'enyima. Emirimo ye y'okwerinda hamwe n'okumanya kw'obukodyo bimuhindwire omuzaani orikwesigwa ahari KCCA FC omu bwire bwona obw'omurimo gwe.[6] == Ebyahikirweho == Obu yaabaire ari omuri KCCA FC, obuhwezi bwa Obenchan bukaba buri obw'omugasho omu buhanguzi bw'ekibiina omu mpaka ezitarikushushana, otwariiremu:[4] * 1 Uganda Premier League title * 1 Uganda Cup * 1 CECAFA Club Cup * 2 Super Cups * 1 Super 8 Cup Okukora kwe kukaba kuri okw'amaani omu rugyendo rwa KCCA FC kuza omu kibinja ky'empaka za CAF Champions League omuri 2018. == Ebirikuhikaana == Emwe aha mizaano eyazaanirwe;[9] {| class="wikitable" |+'''KCCA FC Recent Matches''' !Date !Competition !Home team !Score !Away team |- !20 Sep 2023 !Uganda Premier League !BUL FC !1-1 !Kampala City Council FC |- |13 Sep 2023 |Uganda Premier League |Kampala City Council FC |1-0 |URA Kampala |- |18 May 2023 |Uganda Premier League |Ma Lu |1-1 |Kampala City Council FC |- | | | | | |} [[Category:Wp/nyn]] 0k6tpsb7r0fkpvarcjb3k90z6gy2a8y 0 3827383 7374733 2026-10-26T08:29:01Z Wadaihangit 2578757 hanyar 7374733 wikitext text/x-wiki = Jujuhutan = {{Wb/bjn/Wikipidia}} * https://globalrecordings.net/id/language/4693 * https://dapobas.kemdikbud.go.id/search?q={{remove first word|{{PAGENAME}}}} * https://dapobas.kemdikbud.go.id/homecat.php?show=url/petabahasa&cat=&page=1 * https://dapobas.kemdikbud.go.id/category?cat=Persebaran+Bahasa+Daerah+Berdasarkan+Provinsi * https://dapobas.kemdikbud.go.id/homecat.php?show=url/regbahasa&cat=5&page=3&listby=1 * https://dapobas.kemdikbud.go.id/category?cat=Registrasi+Bahasa * https://petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/databahasa.php * https://petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/provinsi.php * https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/bahasa/daftarbahasa * https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/bahasa/vitalitas {{Navbox|name=Bahasa di Indonesia|listclass=hlist|title=[[Daftar bahasa di Indonesia|Bahasa-bahasa]] di [[Indonesia]]|state={{{state<includeonly>|autocollapsed</includeonly>}}}|above={{nowrap|'''[[Bahasa Indonesia]]'''}}|list1={{Navbox|child | listclass = hlist | title = [[Daftar bahasa di Sumatra|Bahasa-bahasa]] di [[Sumatra]] |name = Bahasa di Indonesia |navbar = plain |state = {{#ifeq:{{{tipe<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|sumatra|show|collapsed}} | list1 = *[[Bahasa Abung|Abung]] *[[Bahasa Aceh|Aceh]] *[[Bahasa Bajau Tungkal Satu|Bajau Tungkal Satu]] *[[Bahasa Basemah|Basemah]] *[[Bahasa Batak|Batak]] **Alas-Kluet **Angkola **Karo **Mandailing **Pakpak **Singkil **Simalungun **Toba *[[Bahasa Bengkulu|Bengkulu]] **[[Bahasa Bengkulu|Col]] **[[Bahasa Bengkulu|Kaur]] **[[Bahasa Bengkulu|Nasal]] **[[Bahasa Bengkulu|Pekal]] *[[Bahasa Devayan|Devayan]] *[[Bahasa Duano|Duano]] *[[Bahasa Enggano|Enggano]] *[[Bahasa Gayo|Gayo]] *[[Bahasa Kayu Agung|Kayu Agung]] *[[Bahasa Kerinci|Kerinci]] *[[Bahasa Komering|Komering]] **[[Bahasa Komering|Haji/Aji]] *[[Bahasa Lampung|Lampung]] *[[Bahasa Lematang|Lematang]] *[[Bahasa Melayu|Melayu]] {{smallsup|a}} **[[Bahasa Melayu Bangka|Melayu Bangka]] 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Semayap|Bajau Semayap]] *[[Bahasa Bakatik|Bakatik]] *[[Bahasa Bekati' Rara|Bekati' Rara]] *[[Bahasa Bekati' Sara|Bekati' Sara]] *[[Bahasa Berangas|Berangas]] *[[Bahasa Bakumpai|Bakumpai]] *[[Bahasa Balai|Balai]] *[[Bahasa Banjar|Banjar]] *[[Bahasa Basap|Basap]] *[[Bahasa Bayan|Bayan]] *[[Bahasa Benyadu'|Benyadu']] *[[Bahasa Benuaq|Benuaq]] *[[Bahasa Bidayuh Biatah|Bidayuh Biatah]] {{smallsup|a}} *[[Bahasa Bidayuh Bukar-Sadong|Bidayuh Bukar-Sadong]] {{smallsup|a}} *[[Bahasa Bolongan|Bolongan]] {{smallsup|a}} *[[Bahasa Bukat|Bukat]] *[[Bahasa Bukitan|Bukitan]] *[[Bahasa Bulungan|Bulungan]] *[[Bahasa Burusu|Burusu]] *[[Bahasa Dayak|Dayak]] **[[Bahasa Dayak Bara Injey|Bara Injey]] **[[Bahasa Dayak Baream|Baream]] **[[Bahasa Dayak Kapuas|Kapuas]] **[[Bahasa Dayak Ngaju|Ngaju]] **[[Bahasa Dayak Pulau Telo|Pulau Telo]] **[[Bahasa Dayak Sei Dusun|Sei Dusun]] *[[Bahasa Dusun|Dusun]] **[[Bahasa Dusun Deyah|Dusun Deyah]] **[[Bahasa Dusun Kalahien|Dusun Kalahien]] **[[Bahasa Dusun Malang|Dusun 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Tenggarong|Melayu Kutai Tenggarong]] *[[Bahasa Melayu Dayak|Melayu Dayak]] *[[Bahasa Modang|Modang]] *[[Bahasa Mualang|Mualang]] *[[Bahasa Okolod|Okolod]] *[[Bahasa Uud Danum|Uud Danum]] *[[Bahasa Paku|Paku]] *[[Bahasa Pasir|Pasir]] *[[Bahasa Pembuang|Pembuang]] *[[Bahasa Punan|Punan]] **[[Bahasa Punan Aput|Punan Aput]] **[[Bahasa Punan Long Lamcin|Long Lamcin]] **[[Bahasa Punan Merap|Punan Merap]] **[[Bahasa Punan Merap|Punan Merap]] **[[Bahasa Punan Paking|Punan Paking]] **[[Bahasa Punan Tubu|Punan Tubu]] *[[Bahasa Putoh|Putoh]] *[[Bahasa Ribun|Ribun]] *[[Bahasa Sa'ban|Sa'ban]] *[[Bahasa Samihin|Samihin]] *[[Bahasa Sampit|Sampit]] *[[Bahasa Sanjau Basap|Sanjau Basap]] *[[Bahasa Sanggau|Sanggau]] *[[Bahasa Seberuang|Seberuang]] *[[Bahasa Segaai|Segaai]] *[[Bahasa Selungai Murut|Selungai Murut]] {{smallsup|a}} *[[Bahasa Semadang|Semandang]] *[[Bahasa Sembakung Murut|Sembakung Murut]] {{smallsup|a}} *[[Bahasa Siang|Siang]] *[[Bahasa Tagal Murut|Tagal Murut]] {{smallsup|a}} *[[Bahasa Taman|Taman]] *[[Bahasa Tamuan|Tamuan]] *[[Bahasa Tausug|Tausug]] {{smallsup|a}} *[[Bahasa Tawoyan|Tawoyan]] *[[Bahasa Tenggalan|Tenggalan]] *[[Bahasa Tidung|Tidung/Tidong]] {{smallsup|a}} *[[Bahasa Tunjung|Tunjung]] *[[Bahasa Uma Lasan|Uma Lasan]] *[[Bahasa Uma Lung|Uma Lung]] }}|list5={{Navbox|child | listclass = hlist | title = [[Daftar bahasa di Sulawesi|Bahasa-bahasa]] di [[Sulawesi]] |name = Bahasa di Indonesia |navbar = plain |state = {{#ifeq:{{{tipe<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|sulawesi|show|collapsed}} |list1 = *[[Bahasa Andio|Andio]] *[[Bahasa Aralle-Tabulahan|Aralle-Tabulahan]] *[[Bahasa Bada|Bada]] *[[Bahasa Bahonsuai|Bahonsuai]] *[[Bahasa Bajo|Bajau (Bajo)]] *[[Bahasa Balaesang|Balaesang]] *[[Bahasa Balantak|Balantak]] *[[Bahasa Bambam|Bambam]] *[[Bahasa Banggai|Banggai]] *[[Bahasa Bantik|Bantik]] *[[Bahasa Baras|Baras]] *[[Bahasa Batui|Batui]] *[[Bahasa Besoa|Besoa/Behoa]] *[[Bahasa Benggaulu|Benggaulu]] *[[Bahasa Bentong|Bentong]] *[[Bahasa Bintauna|Bintauna]] *[[Bahasa Boano|Boano]] *[[Bahasa Bobongko|Bobongko]] *[[Bahasa Bolango|Bolango]] *[[Bahasa Bonerate|Bonerate]] *[[Bahasa Budong-Budong|Budong-Budong]] *[[Bahasa Bugis|Bugis]] *[[Bahasa Bugis De|Bugis De]] *[[Bahasa Bungku|Bungku]] *[[Bahasa Buol|Buol]] *[[Bahasa Busoa|Busoa]] *[[Bahasa Campalagian|Campalagian]] *[[Bahasa Cia-Cia|Cia-Cia]] *[[Bahasa Culambacu|Culambacu]] *[[Bahasa Dakka|Dakka]] *[[Bahasa Dampelas|Dampelas]] *[[Bahasa Dondo|Dondo]] *[[Bahasa Duri|Duri]] *[[Bahasa Enrekang|Enrekang]] *[[Bahasa Gorontalo|Gorontalo]] *[[Bahasa Kaidipang|Kaidipang]] *[[Bahasa Kaili|Kaili]] **[[Bahasa Kaili Da'a|Kaili Da'a]] **[[Bahasa Kaili Ledo|Kaili Ledo]] **[[Bahasa Kaili Unde|Kaili Unde]] *[[Bahasa Kaimbulawa|Kaimbulawa]] *[[Bahasa Kalao|Kalao]] *[[Bahasa Kalumpang|Kalumpang]] *[[Bahasa Kioko|Kioko]] *[[Bahasa Kodeoha|Kodeoha]] *[[Bahasa Konjo|Konjo]] **Konjo Pegunungan **Konjo Pesisir *[[Bahasa Koroni|Koroni]] *[[Bahasa Kulawi|Kulawi]] *[[Bahasa Kulisusu|Kulisusu]] *[[Bahasa Kumbewaha|Kumbewaha]] *[[Bahasa Laiyolo|Laiyolo]] *[[Bahasa Lasalimu-Kamaru|Lasalimu-Kamaru]] *[[Bahasa Lauje Malala|Lauje]] *[[Bahasa Lemolang|Lemolang]] *[[Bahasa Liabuku|Liabuku]] *[[Bahasa Lindu|Lindu]] *[[Bahasa Lolak|Lolak]] *[[Bahasa Maiwa|Maiwa]] *[[Bahasa Makassar|Makassar]] *[[Bahasa Melayu Makassar|Melayu Makassar]] *[[Bahasa Manado|Melayu Manado]] *[[Bahasa Malimpung|Malimpung]] *[[Bahasa Mamasa|Mamasa]] *[[Bahasa Mamuju|Mamuju]] *[[Bahasa Mandar|Mandar]] *[[Bahasa Massenrengpulu|Massenrengpulu]] *[[Bahasa Moma|Moma]] *[[Bahasa Bolaang Mongondow|Mongondow]] *[[Bahasa Mori Atas|Mori Atas]] *[[Bahasa Mori Bawah|Mori Bawah]] *[[Bahasa Morunene|Morunene/Moronene]] *[[Bahasa Muna|Muna]] *[[Bahasa Napu|Napu]] *[[Bahasa Padoe|Padoe]] *[[Bahasa Pamona|Pamona]] **[[Bahasa Taa|Ta'a]] *[[Bahasa Panasuan|Panasuan]] *[[Bahasa Pancana|Pancana]] *[[Bahasa Pannei|Pannei]] *[[Bahasa Pasan|Pasan]] *[[Bahasa Pendau|Pendau]] *[[Bahasa Pipikoro|Pipikoro]] *[[Bahasa Ponosakan|Ponosakan]] *[[Bahasa Pulo|Pulo]] *[[Bahasa Rahambuu|Rahambuu]] *[[Bahasa Rampi|Rampi]] *[[Bahasa Ratahan|Ratahan]] *[[Bahasa Saluan|Saluan]] *[[Bahasa Sangir|Sangir]] *[[Bahasa Sarudu|Sarudu]] *[[Bahasa Sedoa|Sedoa]] *[[Bahasa Seko|Seko]] **Padang **Tengah *[[Bahasa Selayar|Selayar]] *[[Bahasa Suwawa|Suwawa]] *[[Bahasa Tae'|Tae']] *[[Bahasa Taje|Taje]] *[[Bahasa Tajio|Tajio]] *[[Bahasa Sangihe Talaud|Talaud]] *[[Bahasa Taloki|Taloki]] *[[Bahasa Talondo'|Talondo']] *[[Bahasa Toala'|Toala']] *[[Bahasa Tolaki|Tolaki]] *[[Bahasa Tomadino|Tomadino]] *[[Bahasa Tombatu|Tombatu]] *[[Bahasa Tombelala|Tombelala]] *[[Bahasa Minahasa|Minahasa]] **[[Bahasa Minahasa|Tombulu]] **[[Bahasa Tomini|Tomini]] **[[Bahasa Tondano|Tondano]] **[[Bahasa Minahasa Tonsawang|Tonsawang]] **[[Bahasa Minahasa Tonsea|Tonsea]] **[[Bahasa Tontemboan|Tontemboan]] *[[Bahasa Topoiyo|Topoiyo]] *[[Bahasa Toraja|Toraja]] *[[Bahasa Totoli|Totoli]] *[[Bahasa Tukang Besi|Tukang Besi Selatan]] *[[Bahasa Tukang Besi|Tukang Besi Utara]] *[[Bahasa Ulumanda'|Ulumanda']] *[[Bahasa Uma|Uma]] *[[Bahasa Waru|Waru]] *[[Bahasa Wawonii|Wawonii]] *[[Bahasa Wolio|Wolio]] *[[Bahasa Wotu|Wotu]] }}|list6={{Navbox|child | listclass = hlist | title = [[Daftar bahasa di Kepulauan Maluku|Bahasa-bahasa]] di [[Kepulauan Maluku]] |name = Bahasa di Indonesia |navbar = plain |state = {{#ifeq:{{{tipe<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|maluku|show|collapsed}} |list1 = *[[Bahasa Alune|Alune]] *[[Bahasa Amahai|Amahai]] *[[Bahasa Ambelau|Ambelau]] *[[Bahasa Aputai|Aputai]] *[[Bahasa Asilulu|Asilulu]] *[[Bahasa Babar Tenggara|Babar Tenggara]] *[[Bahasa Babar Utara|Babar Utara]] *[[Bahasa Banda|Banda]] *[[Bahasa Barakai|Barakai]] *[[Bahasa Bati|Bati]] *[[Bahasa Batuley|Batuley]] *[[Bahasa Benggoi|Benggoi]] *[[Bahasa Boano|Boano]] *[[Bahasa Bobot|Bobot]] *[[Bahasa Buli|Buli]] *[[Bahasa Buru|Buru]] *[[Bahasa Dai|Dai]] *[[Bahasa Damar Barat|Damar Barat]] *[[Bahasa Damar Timur|Damar Timur]] *[[Bahasa Dawera-Daweloor|Dawera-Daweloor]] *[[Bahasa Dobel|Dobel]] *[[Bahasa Elpaputih|Elpaputih]] *[[Bahasa Emplawas|Emplawas]] *[[Bahasa Fordata|Fordata]] *[[Bahasa Galela|Galela]] *[[Bahasa Gamkonora|Gamkonora]] *[[Bahasa Gane|Gane]] *[[Bahasa Gebe|Gebe]] *[[Bahasa Geser-Gorom|Geser-Gorom]] *[[Bahasa Gorap|Gorap]] *[[Bahasa Haruku|Haruku]] *[[Bahasa Hitu|Hitu]] *[[Bahasa Horuru|Horuru]] *[[Bahasa Hoti|Hoti]] *[[Bahasa Huaulu|Huaulu]] *[[Bahasa Hukumina|Hukumina]] *[[Bahasa Hulung|Hulung]] *[[Bahasa Ibu (bahasa daerah)|Ibu]] *[[Bahasa Ili'uun|Ili'uun]] *[[Bahasa Imroing|Imroing]] *[[Bahasa Kadai|Kadai]] *[[Bahasa Kaibobo|Kaibobo]] *[[Bahasa Kamarian|Kamarian]] *[[Bahasa Kao|Kao]] *[[Bahasa Karey|Karey]] *[[Bahasa Kayeli|Kayeli]] *[[Bahasa Kei|Kei]] *[[Bahasa Kisar|Kisar]] *[[Bahasa Koba|Koba]] *[[Bahasa Kola|Kola]] *[[Bahasa Kompane|Kompane]] *[[Bahasa Kur|Kur]] *[[Bahasa Laba|Laba]] *[[Bahasa Laha|Laha]] *[[Bahasa Larike-Wakasihu|Larike-Wakasihu]] *[[Bahasa Latu|Latu]] *[[Bahasa Leti|Leti]] *[[Bahasa Liana-Seti|Liana-Seti]] *[[Bahasa Lisabata-Nuniali|Lisabata-Nuniali]] *[[Bahasa Lisela|Lisela]] *[[Bahasa Lola|Lola]] *[[Bahasa Loloda|Loloda]] *[[Bahasa Lorang|Lorang]] *[[Bahasa Loun|Loun]] *[[Bahasa Luang|Luang]] *[[Bahasa Luhu|Luhu]] *[[Bahasa Maba|Maba]] *[[Bahasa Makian Barat|Makian Barat]] *[[Bahasa Makian Timur|Makian Timur]] *[[Bahasa Melayu Ambon|Melayu Ambon]] *[[Bahasa Melayu Bacan|Melayu Bacan]] *[[Bahasa Melayu Banda|Melayu Banda]] *[[Bahasa Melayu Maluku Utara|Melayu Maluku Utara]] *[[Bahasa Mangole|Mangole]] *[[Bahasa Manipa|Manipa]] *[[Bahasa Manombai|Manombai]] *[[Bahasa Manusela|Manusela]] *[[Bahasa Mariri|Mariri]] *[[Bahasa Masela Barat|Masela Barat]] *[[Bahasa Masela Tengah|Masela Tengah]] *[[Bahasa Masela Timur|Masela Timur]] *[[Bahasa Masiwang|Masiwang]] *[[Bahasa Modole|Modole]] *[[Bahasa Moksela|Moksela]] *[[Bahasa Naka'ela|Naka'ela]] *[[Bahasa Nila|Nila]] *[[Bahasa Naulu Selatan|Naulu Selatan]] *[[Bahasa Naulu Utara|Naulu Utara]] *[[Bahasa Nusa Laut|Nusa Laut]] *[[Bahasa Oirata|Oirata]] *[[Bahasa Pagu|Pagu]] *[[Bahasa Palumata|Palumata]] *[[Bahasa Patani|Patani]] *[[Bahasa Paulohi|Paulohi]] *[[Bahasa Perai|Perai]] *[[Bahasa Piru|Piru]] *[[Bahasa Roma|Roma]] *[[Bahasa Sahu|Sahu]] *[[Bahasa Salas|Salas]] *[[Bahasa Saleman|Saleman]] *[[Bahasa Saparua|Saparua]] *[[Bahasa Sawai|Sawai]] *[[Bahasa Seit-Kaitetu|Seit-Kaitetu]] *[[Bahasa Selaru|Selaru]] *[[Bahasa Seluwasan|Seluwasan]] *[[Bahasa Sepa|Sepa]] *[[Bahasa Serili|Serili]] *[[Bahasa Serua|Serua]] *[[Bahasa Sula|Sula]] *[[Bahasa Tabaru|Tabaru]] *[[Bahasa Taliabu|Taliabu]] *[[Bahasa Talur|Talur]] *[[Bahasa Tarangan Barat|Tarangan Barat]] *[[Bahasa Tarangan Timur|Tarangan Timur]] *[[Bahasa Tela-Masbuar|Tela-Masbuar]] *[[Bahasa Teluti|Teluti]] *[[Bahasa Teor|Teor]] *[[Bahasa Ternate|Ternate]] *[[Bahasa Te'un|Te'un]] *[[Bahasa Tidore|Tidore]] *[[Bahasa Tobelo|Tobelo]] *[[Bahasa Tugun|Tugun]] *[[Bahasa Tugutil|Tugutil]] *[[Bahasa Tulehu|Tulehu]] *[[Bahasa Ujir|Ujir]] *[[Bahasa Waioli|Waioli]] *[[Bahasa Watubela|Watubela]] *[[Bahasa Wamale Selatan|Wamale Selatan]] *[[Bahasa Wamale Utara|Wamale Utara]] *[[Bahasa Yalahatan|Yalahatan]] *[[Bahasa Yamdena|Yamdena]] }}|list7={{Navbox|child | listclass = hlist | title = [[Daftar bahasa di Papua|Bahasa-bahasa]] di [[Papua]] {{smallsup|*}} |name = Bahasa di Indonesia |navbar = plain |state = {{#ifeq:{{{tipe<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}|papua|show|collapsed}} |list1 = *[[Bahasa Abinomn|Abinomn]] {{smallsup|3}} *[[Bahasa Abun|Abun]] {{smallsup|3}} *[[Bahasa Aghu|Aghu]] *[[Bahasa Airoran|Airoran]] *[[Bahasa Ambai|Ambai]] *[[Bahasa Anasi|Anasi]] *[[Bahasa Ansus|Ansus]] *[[Bahasa Arandai|Arandai]] *[[Bahasa Arguni|Arguni]] *[[Bahasa As|As]] *[[Bahasa Asmat Pantai Kasuari|Asmat Pantai Kasuari]] *[[Bahasa Asmat Tengah|Asmat Tengah]] *[[Bahasa Asmat Utara|Asmat Utara]] *[[Bahasa Asmat Yaosakor|Asmat Yaosakor]] *[[Bahasa Atohwaim|Atohwaim]] *[[Bahasa Auye|Auye]] *[[Bahasa Awbono|Awbono]] *[[Bahasa Awera|Awera]] *[[Bahasa Awyi|Awyi]] *[[Bahasa Awyu Asue|Awyu Asue]] *[[Bahasa Awyu Tengah|Awyu Tengah]] *[[Bahasa Awyu Edera|Awyu Edera]] *[[Bahasa Awyu Jair|Awyu Jair]] *[[Bahasa Awyu Utara|Awyu Utara]] *[[Bahasa Awyu Selatan|Awyu Selatan]] *[[Bahasa Bagusa|Bagusa]] *[[Bahasa Baham|Baham]] *[[Bahasa Barapasi|Barapasi]] *[[Bahasa Bauzi|Bauzi]] *[[Bahasa Bayono|Bayono]] *[[Bahasa Bedoanas|Bedoanas]] *[[Bahasa Beneraf|Beneraf]] *[[Bahasa Berik|Berik]] *[[Bahasa Betaf|Betaf]] *[[Bahasa Biak|Biak]] *[[Bahasa Biga|Biga]] *[[Bahasa Biritai|Biritai]] *[[Bahasa Bonggo|Bonggo]] *[[Bahasa Burate|Burate]] *[[Bahasa Burmeso|Burmeso]] *[[Bahasa Burumakok|Burumakok]] *[[Bahasa Buruwai|Buruwai]] *[[Bahasa Busami|Busami]] *[[Bahasa Citak|Citak]] *[[Bahasa Citak Tamnim|Citak Tamnim]] *[[Bahasa Dabe|Dabe]] *[[Bahasa Damal|Damal]] *[[Bahasa Dani Lembah Bawah|Dani Lembah Bawah]] *[[Bahasa Dani Lembah Tengah|Dani Lembah Tengah]] *[[Bahasa Dani Lembah Atas|Dani Lembah Atas]] *[[Bahasa Dani Barat|Dani Barat]] *[[Bahasa Dao|Dao]] *[[Bahasa Dem|Dem]] *[[Bahasa Demisa|Demisa]] *[[Bahasa Dera|Dera]] *[[Bahasa Diebroud|Diebroud]] *[[Bahasa Dineor|Dineor]] *[[Bahasa Diuwe|Diuwe]] *[[Bahasa Doutai|Doutai]] *[[Bahasa Duriankere|Duriankere]] *[[Bahasa Dusner|Dusner]] *[[Bahasa Duvle|Duvle]] *[[Bahasa Edopi|Edopi]] *[[Bahasa Eipomek|Eipomek]] *[[Bahasa Ekari|Ekari]] *[[Bahasa Elseng|Elseng]] {{smallsup|3}} *[[Bahasa Emem|Emem]] *[[Bahasa Eritai|Eritai]] *[[Bahasa Erokwanas|Erokwanas]] *[[Bahasa Fayu|Fayu]] *[[Bahasa Fedan|Fedan]] *[[Bahasa Foau|Foau]] *[[Bahasa Gresi|Gresi]] *[[Bahasa Hatam|Hatam]] {{smallsup|3}} *[[Bahasa Hupla|Hupla]] *[[Bahasa Iau|Iau]] *[[Bahasa Iha|Iha]] *[[Bahasa Iha Pijin|Iha Pijin]] {{smallsup|4}} *[[Bahasa Irarutu|Irarutu]] *[[Bahasa Iresin|Iresim]] *[[Bahasa Isirawa|Isirawa]] *[[Bahasa Itik|Itik]] *[[Bahasa Iwur|Iwur]] *[[Bahasa Jofotek-Bromnya|Jofotek-Bromnya]] *[[Bahasa Kaburi|Kaburi]] *[[Bahasa Kais|Kais]] *[[Bahasa Kaiy|Kaiy]] *[[Bahasa Kalabra|Kalabra]] *[[Bahasa Kamberau|Kamberau]] *[[Bahasa Kamoro|Kamoro]] *[[Bahasa Kanum Bädi|Kanum Bädi]] *[[Bahasa Kanum Ngkâlmpw|Kanum Ngkâlmpw]] *[[Bahasa Kanum Smärky|Kanum Smärky]] *[[Bahasa Kanum Sota|Kanum Sota]] *[[Bahasa Kapauri|Kapauri]] *[[Bahasa Kaptiau|Kaptiau]] *[[Bahasa Karas|Karas]] *[[Bahasa Karon Dori|Karon Dori]] *[[Bahasa Kaure|Kaure]] *[[Bahasa Kauwera|Kauwera]] *[[Bahasa Kawe|Kawe]] *[[Bahasa Kayagar|Kayagar]] *[[Bahasa Kayupulau|Kayupulau]] *[[Bahasa Kehu|Kehu]] {{smallsup|5}} *[[Bahasa Kaijar|Keijar]] *[[Bahasa Kemberano|Kemberano]] *[[Bahasa Kembra|Kembra]] {{smallsup|5}} *[[Bahasa Kemtuik|Kemtuik]] *[[Bahasa Ketengban|Ketengban]] *[[Bahasa Ketum|Ketum]] *[[Bahasa Kimaghima|Kimaghima]] *[[Bahasa Kimki|Kimki]] *[[Bahasa Kirikiri|Kirikiri]] *[[Bahasa Kofei|Kofei]] *[[Bahasa Kokoda|Kokoda]] *[[Bahasa Kombai|Kombai]] *[[Bahasa Komyandaret|Komyandaret]] *[[Bahasa Konda|Konda]] *[[Bahasa Koneraw|Koneraw]] *[[Bahasa Kopkaka|Kopkaka]] *[[Bahasa Korowai|Korowai]] *[[Bahasa Korupun-Sela|Korupun-Sela]] *[[Bahasa Kosare|Kosare]] *[[Bahasa Kowiai|Kowiai]] *[[Bahasa Kuri|Kuri]] *[[Bahasa Kurudu|Kurudu]] *[[Bahasa Kwer|Kwer]] *[[Bahasa Kwerba|Kwerba]] *[[Bahasa Kwerba Mamberamo|Kwerba Mamberamo]] *[[Bahasa Kwerisa|Kwerisa]] *[[Bahasa Kwesten|Kwesten]] *[[Bahasa Kwinsu|Kwinsu]] *[[Bahasa Legenyem|Legenyem]] *[[Bahasa Lepki|Lepki]] {{smallsup|5}} *[[Bahasa Liki|Liki]] *[[Bahasa Maden|Maden]] *[[Bahasa Mai Brat|Mai Brat]] *[[Bahasa Mairasi|Mairasi]] *[[Bahasa Maklew|Maklew]] *[[Bahasa Melayu Papua|Melayu Papua]] *[[Bahasa Mander|Mander]] *[[Bahasa Mandobo Atas|Mandobo Atas]] *[[Bahasa Mandobo Bawah|Mandobo Bawah]] *[[Bahasa Manem|Manem]] *[[Bahasa Mantion|Manikion/Mantion/Sougb]] *[[Bahasa Mapia|Mapia]] *[[Bahasa Marau|Marau]] *[[Bahasa Marind|Marind]] *[[Bahasa Marind Bian|Marind Bian]] *[[Bahasa Masimasi|Masimasi]] *[[Bahasa Massep|Massep]] {{smallsup|3}} *[[Bahasa Matbat|Matbat]] *[[Bahasa Mawes|Mawes]] *[[Bahasa Ma'ya|Ma'ya]] *[[Bahasa Mekwei|Mekwei]] *[[Bahasa Meoswar|Meoswar]] *[[Bahasa Mer|Mer]] *[[Bahasa Meyah|Meyah]] *[[Bahasa Mlap|Mlap]] *[[Bahasa Mo|Mo]] *[[Bahasa Moi|Moi]] *[[Bahasa Molof|Molof]] {{smallsup|5}} *[[Bahasa Mombum|Mombum]] *[[Bahasa Momina|Momina]] *[[Bahasa Momuna|Momuna]] *[[Bahasa Moni|Moni]] *[[Bahasa Mor (Autronesia)|Mor]] *[[Bahasa Mor (Trans-Nugini)|Mor]] *[[Bahasa Moraid|Morai]] *[[Bahasa Morori|Morori]] *[[Bahasa Moskona|Moskona]] *[[Bahasa Mpur|Mpur]] {{smallsup|3}} *[[Bahasa Munggui|Munggui]] *[[Bahasa Murkim|Murkim]] {{smallsup|5}} *[[Bahasa Muyu Utara|Muyu Utara]] *[[Bahasa Muyu Selatan|Muyu Selatan]] *[[Bahasa Nafri|Nafri]] *[[Bahasa Nakai|Nakai]] *[[Bahasa Nacla|Nacla]] *[[Bahasa Namla|Namla]] {{smallsup|5}} *[[Bahasa Narau|Narau]] *[[Bahasa Ndom|Ndom]] *[[Bahasa Nduga|Nduga]] *[[Bahasa Ngalum|Ngalum]] *[[Bahasa Nggem|Nggem]] *[[Bahasa Nimboran|Nimboran]] *[[Bahasa Ninggerum|Ninggerum]] *[[Bahasa Nipsan|Nipsan]] *[[Bahasa Nisa|Nisa]] *[[Bahasa Obokuitai|Obokuitai]] *[[Bahasa Onin|Onin]] *[[Bahasa Ormu|Ormu]] *[[Bahasa Orya|Orya]] *[[Bahasa Papasena|Papasena]] *[[Bahasa Papuma|Papuma]] *[[Bahasa Pom|Pom]] *[[Bahasa Puragi|Puragi]] *[[Bahasa Rasawa|Rasawa]] *[[Bahasa Riantana|Riantana]] *[[Bahasa Roon|Roon]] *[[Bahasa Samarokena|Samarokena]] *[[Bahasa Saponi|Saponi]] *[[Bahasa Sauri|Sauri]] *[[Bahasa Sause|Sause]] *[[Bahasa Saweru|Saweru]] *[[Bahasa Sawi|Sawi]] *[[Bahasa Seget|Seget]] *[[Bahasa Sekar|Sekar]] *[[Bahasa Semimi|Semimi]] *[[Bahasa Sempan|Sempan]] *[[Bahasa Sentani|Sentani]] *[[Bahasa Serui-Laut|Serui-Laut]] *[[Bahasa Sikaritai|Sikaritai]] *[[Bahasa Silimo|Silimo]] *[[Bahasa Skou|Skou]] *[[Bahasa Sobei|Sobei]] *[[Bahasa Sowanda|Sowanda]] *[[Bahasa Sowari|Sowari]] *[[Bahasa Suabo|Suabo]] *[[Bahasa Sunum|Sunum]] *[[Bahasa Tabla|Tabla]] *[[Bahasa Tikat|Taikat]] *[[Bahasa Tamagario|Tamagario]] *[[Bahasa Tanahmerah|Tanahmerah]] *[[Bahasa Tandia|Tandia]] *[[Bahasa Tangko|Tangko]] *[[Bahasa Tarpia|Tarpia]] *[[Bahasa Tause|Tause]] *[[Bahasa Tebi|Tebi]] *[[Bahasa Tefaro|Tefaro]] *[[Bahasa Tehit|Tehit]] *[[Bahasa Tobati|Tobati]] *[[Bahasa Tofanma|Tofanma]] {{smallsup|5}} *[[Bahasa Towei|Towei]] *[[Bahasa Trimuris|Trimuris]] *[[Bahasa Tsaukambo|Tsaukambo]] *[[Bahasa Tunggare|Tunggare]] *[[Bahasa Una|Una]] *[[Bahasa Uruangnirin|Uruangnirin]] *[[Bahasa Usku|Usku]] {{smallsup|5}} *[[Bahasa Viid|Viid]] *[[Bahasa Vitou|Vitou]] *[[Bahasa Wabo|Wabo]] *[[Bahasa Waigeo|Waigeo]] *[[Bahasa Walak|Walak]] *[[Bahasa Wambon|Wambon]] *[[Bahasa Wandamen|Wandamen]] *[[Bahasa Wanggom|Wanggom]] *[[Bahasa Wano|Wano]] *[[Bahasa Warembori|Warembori]] *[[Bahasa Wares|Wares]] *[[Bahasa Waris|Waris]] *[[Bahasa Waritai|Waritai]] *[[Bahasa Warkay-Bipim|Warkay-Bipim]] *[[Bahasa Waropen|Waropen]] *[[Bahasa Wauyai|Wauyai]] *[[Bahasa Woi|Woi]] *[[Bahasa Wolani|Wolai]] *[[Bahasa Woria|Woria]] *[[Bahasa Yahadian|Yahadian]] *[[Bahasa Yale Kosarek|Yale Kosarek]] *[[Bahasa Yali Angguruk|Yali Angguruk]] *[[Bahasa Yali Ninia|Yali Ninia]] *[[Bahasa Yali Lembah|Yali Lembah]] *[[Bahasa Yaqay|Yaqay]] *[[Bahasa Yarsun|Yarsun]] *[[Bahasa Yaur|Yaur]] *[[Bahasa Yawa|Yawa]] *[[Bahasa Yei|Yei]] *[[Bahasa Yelmek|Yelmek]] *[[Bahasa Yeretuar|Yeretuar]] *[[Bahasa Yetfa|Yetfa]] *[[Bahasa Yoke|Yoke]] *[[Bahasa Zorop|Zorop]] }}|below={{smallsup|a}} juga dituturkan di [[Malaysia]] dan [[Brunei Darussalam]] • {{smallsup|b}} juga dituturkan di [[Timor Leste]], [[Papua Nugini]] dan negara-negara [[Oseania]] lainnya • {{smallsup|3}} [[Bahasa isolat]] • {{smallsup|5}} Tidak diklasifikasikan {{nowrap|{{smallsup|*}}'''Catatan''': Kalimantan dan Papua di sini hanya yang termasuk dalam teritori Indonesia.}}}}<includeonly> [[Kategori:Bahasa di Indonesia]]<includeonly><noinclude>{{transklusi}} [[Kategori:Templat navigasi Indonesia|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Kategori:Templat navigasi bahasa]] == Pranala luar == * {{en}} [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=ID Ethnologue] </noinclude> mi629z4ym65sgldspxlin5iuw4rxbr2 0 3827384 7374735 2026-10-26T08:30:00Z Wadaihangit 2578757 hanyar 7374735 wikitext text/x-wiki == Di Prupinsi Kalimantan Salatan == Basa Banjar diucap'akan lawan banyak urang di Kalimantan Salatan. Sakalinya, Basa Banjar juwa diucap'akan urang-urang di Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah, Riau, Kapulauan Riau, lawan Jambi. Di Prupinsi Kalimantan Salatan, Basa Banjar diucap'akan lawan urang-urang di Kabupatin Hulu Sungai Tangah, Hulu Sungai Salatan, Hulu Sungai Utara, Balangan, Tanah Laut, Kotabaru, Tapin, Banjarmasin (Kuta Banjarmasin), Banjar, Tabalong, lawan Barito Kuala. Persentase parbidaan antar barataan dairah nang diitihi pamakai Basa Banjar di Prupinsi Kalimantan Salatan kira-kira 16%--72,50%. Manurut pangakuan penutur, sapalih penutur basa nang tahaga di Kabupatin Hulu Sungai Tangah duwa Hulu Sungai Salatan manyambat basa nang buhannya pakai sawagai basa Bukit atawa basa Dayak Meratus. Tagal, bardasarkan rikinan dialektometri, isolek Bukit (Dayak Meratus) iyalah sabuting basa lawan Basa Banjar lawan persentase kira-kira 44--51% (lainan subdialek atawa lainan dialek). Di Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah, Basa Banjar tardiri atas dua dialek, yaitu: # dialek Pematang Panjang nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pematang Panjang, Kacamatan Pambuang Hilir (Seruyan Hilir) dan di Kampung Tanjung Rangas, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir, Kabupatin Seruyan. Persentase parbidaan bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri antarisolek nintu sebesar 27,25% jadinya dinyatakan lainan wicara; # dialek Kuala Jelai diucap'akan di Kampung Kuala Jelai (Jelai), Kacamatan Kuala Jelai, Kabupatin Kotawaringin Barat, Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah. Persentase parbidaan bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri antarisolek nintu sebesar 74,05%. Basa Banjar, baik nang ada di Prupinsi Kalimantan Salatan atawa nang ada di Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah iyalah basa nang sama lawan persentase parbidaan sebesar 48% (lainan subdialek). Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Riau duwa Kapulauan Riau diucap'akan di Kabupatin Indragiri Hilir. Basa naya tardiri atas ampat dialek, yaitu # dialek Pekan Kemis nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pekan Kemis; # dialek Simpang Gaung nang diucap'akan di Kampung Simpang Gaung; # dialek Sei Raya-Sungai Piring nang diucap'akan di Kampung Sei Raya duwa Sungai Piring; # dialek Teluk Jira nang diucap'akan di Kampung Teluk Jira. Persentase antar kaampat dialek nintu kira-kira 55,06%. Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, persentase parbidaan antara dialek Banjar nang tahaga di Kalimantan Salatan duwa dialek Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Riau/Kapulauan Riau iyalah sebesar 66,75% (lainan dialek). Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Jambi tardiri atas talu dialek, yaitu: # dialek Paritpudin nang diucap'akan di Kampung Paritpudin, Kacamatan Pangabuan, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat; # dialek Pembengis nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pembengis, Kacamatan Pangabuan, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat; # dialek Sungairambut nang diucap'akan di Kampung Sungairambut, Kacamatan Rantau Rasau, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Timur. Persentase parbidaan antar katalu dialek nintu kira-kira 53,75%--56%. Pahadangan nitu, persentase parbidaan antara isolek Banjar nang tahaga di Kalimantan Salatan lawan isolek Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Jambi iyalah sebesar 72,75% (lainan dialek). Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, isolek Banjar iya sabuting basa lawan persentase parbidaan kira-kira 82%--98% lamun dibandingkan lawan bahasa-basa di sekitarnya, misalnya Basa Banjar lawan [[Wb/bjn/Basa Samihin|basa Samihin]], [[Wb/bjn/Basa Maanyan|Maanyan]], [[Wb/bjn/Basa Berangas|Berangas]], lawan [[Wb/bjn/Basa Bakumpai|Bakumpai]]. == Di Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah == Basa Banjar diucap'akan lawan bubuhan urang di Kampung Pematang Panjang, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir Timur, di Kampung Tanjungrangas, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir, Kabupatin Seruyan, lawan di Kalurahan Kuala Jelai, Kacamatan Jelai, Kabupatin Sukamara, Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah. Basa Banjar nang diucap'akan di Kalimantan Tangah tardiri atas dua dialek, yaitu: # dialek Pematang Panjang nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pematang Panjang, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir duwa di Kampung Tanjungrangas, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir, Kabupatin Seruyan. Persentase parbidaan bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri antarkedua isolek nintu sebesar 27,25% jadinya dinyatakan lainan wicara; # dialek Kuala Jelai diucap'akan di Kalurahan Kuala Jelai, Kacamatan Jelai, Kabupatin Sukamara. Persentase parbidaan bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri antarisolek nintu sebesar 74,05%. Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, isolek Banjar iyalah sabuting basa lawan persentase parbidaan kira-kira 84%--94% lamun dibandingakan lawan basa-basa di sekitarnya. Misalnya Basa Banjar lawan basa Balai, [[Wb/bjn/Basa Dayak Kapuas|basa Dayak Kapuas]], basa Mentaya, dan lawan [[Wb/bjn/Basa Sampit|basa Sampit]]. == Di Prupinsi Jambi == Basa Banjar nang ada di Prupinsi Jambi diucap'akan di Kampung Parit Pudin, Kacamatan Pangabuan, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat; Kampung Pembengis, Kacamatan Bram Itam, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat; lawan Kampung Sungairambut, Kacamatan Berbak, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Timur. Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Jambi tardiri atas talu dialek, yaitu: # dialek Paritpudin nang diucap'akan di Kampung Parit Pudin, Kacamatan Pangabuan, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat, # dialek Pembengis nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pembengis, Kacamatan Bram Itam, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat, lawan # dialek Sungairambut nang diucap'akan di Kampung Sungairambut, Kacamatan Berbak, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Timur. Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, persentase parbidaan katalu dialek nintu kira-kira 53,75--56%. Pahadangan nitu, persentase parbidaan Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Kalimantan Salatan lawan di Prupinsi Jambi sebesar 72,75% jadinya balainan dialek. == Di Prupinsi Riau == Basa Banjar nang ada di Prupinsi Riau diucap'akan di Kampung Pekan Kamis, Kacamatan Tembilahan Hulu; Kampung Simpang Gaung, Kacamatan Gaung; Kampung Sungairaya lawan Kalurahan Sungaipiring Kacamatan Batang Tuaka; Kampung Telukjira, Kacamatan Tempuling, Kabupatin Indragiri Hilir. Basa Banjar tardiri atas ampat dialek, yaitu: # dialek Pekan Kamis diucap'akan di Kampung Pekan Kamis, Kacamatan Tembilahan Hulu, # dialek Simpang Gaung diucap'akan di Kampung Simpang Gaung, Kacamatan Gaung, # dialek Sungai Raya-Sungai Piring diucap'akan di Kampung Sungairaya dan Kalurahan Sungaipiring Kacamatan Batang Tuaka, lawan # dialek Teluk Jira diucap'akan di Kampung Telukjira, Kacamatan Tempuling. Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, persentase parbidaan kaampat dialek nintu kira-kira 51%--80%. Persentase parbidaan antara Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Riau lawan di Kalimantan Salatan sebesar 66,75% (lainan dialek). [[Category:Basa Banjar]] [[Category:Basa di Indunisia]] [[Category:Basa]] 8wyq9g3w074nm8bj5l5vx3vscr0p7as 7374737 7374735 2026-10-26T08:31:43Z Wadaihangit 2578757 7374737 wikitext text/x-wiki == Di Prupinsi Kalimantan Salatan == Basa Banjar diucap'akan lawan banyak urang di Kalimantan Salatan. Sakalinya, Basa Banjar juwa diucap'akan urang-urang di Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah, Riau, Kapulauan Riau, lawan Jambi. Di Prupinsi Kalimantan Salatan, Basa Banjar diucap'akan lawan urang-urang di Kabupatin Hulu Sungai Tangah, Hulu Sungai Salatan, Hulu Sungai Utara, Balangan, Tanah Laut, Kotabaru, Tapin, Banjarmasin (Kuta Banjarmasin), Banjar, Tabalong, lawan Barito Kuala. Persentase parbidaan antar barataan dairah nang diitihi pamakai Basa Banjar di Prupinsi Kalimantan Salatan kira-kira 16%--72,50%. Manurut pangakuan penutur, sapalih penutur basa nang tahaga di Kabupatin Hulu Sungai Tangah duwa Hulu Sungai Salatan manyambat basa nang buhannya pakai sawagai basa Bukit atawa basa Dayak Meratus. Tagal, bardasarkan rikinan dialektometri, isolek Bukit (Dayak Meratus) iyalah sabuting basa lawan Basa Banjar lawan persentase kira-kira 44--51% (lainan subdialek atawa lainan dialek). Di Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah, Basa Banjar tardiri atas dua dialek, yaitu: # dialek Pematang Panjang nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pematang Panjang, Kacamatan Pambuang Hilir (Seruyan Hilir) dan di Kampung Tanjung Rangas, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir, Kabupatin Seruyan. Persentase parbidaan bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri antarisolek nintu sebesar 27,25% jadinya dinyatakan lainan wicara; # dialek Kuala Jelai diucap'akan di Kampung Kuala Jelai (Jelai), Kacamatan Kuala Jelai, Kabupatin Kotawaringin Barat, Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah. Persentase parbidaan bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri antarisolek nintu sebesar 74,05%. Basa Banjar, baik nang ada di Prupinsi Kalimantan Salatan atawa nang ada di Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah iyalah basa nang sama lawan persentase parbidaan sebesar 48% (lainan subdialek). Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Riau duwa Kapulauan Riau diucap'akan di Kabupatin Indragiri Hilir. Basa naya tardiri atas ampat dialek, yaitu # dialek Pekan Kemis nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pekan Kemis; # dialek Simpang Gaung nang diucap'akan di Kampung Simpang Gaung; # dialek Sei Raya-Sungai Piring nang diucap'akan di Kampung Sei Raya duwa Sungai Piring; # dialek Teluk Jira nang diucap'akan di Kampung Teluk Jira. Persentase antar kaampat dialek nintu kira-kira 55,06%. Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, persentase parbidaan antara dialek Banjar nang tahaga di Kalimantan Salatan duwa dialek Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Riau/Kapulauan Riau iyalah sebesar 66,75% (lainan dialek). Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Jambi tardiri atas talu dialek, yaitu: # dialek Paritpudin nang diucap'akan di Kampung Paritpudin, Kacamatan Pangabuan, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat; # dialek Pembengis nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pembengis, Kacamatan Pangabuan, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat; # dialek Sungairambut nang diucap'akan di Kampung Sungairambut, Kacamatan Rantau Rasau, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Timur. Persentase parbidaan antar katalu dialek nintu kira-kira 53,75%--56%. Pahadangan nitu, persentase parbidaan antara isolek Banjar nang tahaga di Kalimantan Salatan lawan isolek Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Jambi iyalah sebesar 72,75% (lainan dialek). Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, isolek Banjar iya sabuting basa lawan persentase parbidaan kira-kira 82%--98% lamun dibandingkan lawan bahasa-basa di sekitarnya, misalnya Basa Banjar lawan [[Wb/bjn/Basa Samihin|basa Samihin]], [[Wb/bjn/Basa Maanyan|Maanyan]], [[Wb/bjn/Basa Berangas|Berangas]], lawan [[Wb/bjn/Basa Bakumpai|Bakumpai]]. == Di Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah == Basa Banjar diucap'akan lawan bubuhan urang di Kampung Pematang Panjang, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir Timur, di Kampung Tanjungrangas, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir, Kabupatin Seruyan, lawan di Kalurahan Kuala Jelai, Kacamatan Jelai, Kabupatin Sukamara, Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah. Basa Banjar nang diucap'akan di Kalimantan Tangah tardiri atas dua dialek, yaitu: # dialek Pematang Panjang nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pematang Panjang, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir duwa di Kampung Tanjungrangas, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir, Kabupatin Seruyan. Persentase parbidaan bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri antarkedua isolek nintu sebesar 27,25% jadinya dinyatakan lainan wicara; # dialek Kuala Jelai diucap'akan di Kalurahan Kuala Jelai, Kacamatan Jelai, Kabupatin Sukamara. Persentase parbidaan bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri antarisolek nintu sebesar 74,05%. Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, isolek Banjar iyalah sabuting basa lawan persentase parbidaan kira-kira 84%--94% lamun dibandingakan lawan basa-basa di sekitarnya. Misalnya Basa Banjar lawan basa Balai, [[Wb/bjn/Basa Dayak Kapuas|basa Dayak Kapuas]], basa Mentaya, dan lawan [[Wb/bjn/Basa Sampit|basa Sampit]]. == Di Prupinsi Jambi == Basa Banjar nang ada di Prupinsi Jambi diucap'akan di Kampung Parit Pudin, Kacamatan Pangabuan, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat; Kampung Pembengis, Kacamatan Bram Itam, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat; lawan Kampung Sungairambut, Kacamatan Berbak, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Timur. Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Jambi tardiri atas talu dialek, yaitu: # dialek Paritpudin nang diucap'akan di Kampung Parit Pudin, Kacamatan Pangabuan, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat, # dialek Pembengis nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pembengis, Kacamatan Bram Itam, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat, lawan # dialek Sungairambut nang diucap'akan di Kampung Sungairambut, Kacamatan Berbak, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Timur. Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, persentase parbidaan katalu dialek nintu kira-kira 53,75--56%. Pahadangan nitu, persentase parbidaan Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Kalimantan Salatan lawan di Prupinsi Jambi sebesar 72,75% jadinya balainan dialek. == Di Prupinsi Riau == Basa Banjar nang ada di Prupinsi Riau diucap'akan di Kampung Pekan Kamis, Kacamatan Tembilahan Hulu; Kampung Simpang Gaung, Kacamatan Gaung; Kampung Sungairaya lawan Kalurahan Sungaipiring Kacamatan Batang Tuaka; Kampung Telukjira, Kacamatan Tempuling, Kabupatin Indragiri Hilir. Basa Banjar tardiri atas ampat dialek, yaitu: # dialek Pekan Kamis diucap'akan di Kampung Pekan Kamis, Kacamatan Tembilahan Hulu, # dialek Simpang Gaung diucap'akan di Kampung Simpang Gaung, Kacamatan Gaung, # dialek Sungai Raya-Sungai Piring diucap'akan di Kampung Sungairaya dan Kalurahan Sungaipiring Kacamatan Batang Tuaka, lawan # dialek Teluk Jira diucap'akan di Kampung Telukjira, Kacamatan Tempuling. Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, persentase parbidaan kaampat dialek nintu kira-kira 51%--80%. Persentase parbidaan antara Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Riau lawan di Kalimantan Salatan sebesar 66,75% (lainan dialek). == Pranala luar == {{Wb/bjn/Wikipidia}} [[Category:Basa Banjar]] [[Category:Basa di Indunisia]] [[Category:Basa]] mik1lw0kfz8am0v8vdxm6ty8iit5ggn 7374742 7374737 2026-10-26T08:37:17Z Wadaihangit 2578757 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q33151]] 7374742 wikitext text/x-wiki == Di Prupinsi Kalimantan Salatan == Basa Banjar diucap'akan lawan banyak urang di Kalimantan Salatan. Sakalinya, Basa Banjar juwa diucap'akan urang-urang di Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah, Riau, Kapulauan Riau, lawan Jambi. Di Prupinsi Kalimantan Salatan, Basa Banjar diucap'akan lawan urang-urang di Kabupatin Hulu Sungai Tangah, Hulu Sungai Salatan, Hulu Sungai Utara, Balangan, Tanah Laut, Kotabaru, Tapin, Banjarmasin (Kuta Banjarmasin), Banjar, Tabalong, lawan Barito Kuala. Persentase parbidaan antar barataan dairah nang diitihi pamakai Basa Banjar di Prupinsi Kalimantan Salatan kira-kira 16%--72,50%. Manurut pangakuan penutur, sapalih penutur basa nang tahaga di Kabupatin Hulu Sungai Tangah duwa Hulu Sungai Salatan manyambat basa nang buhannya pakai sawagai basa Bukit atawa basa Dayak Meratus. Tagal, bardasarkan rikinan dialektometri, isolek Bukit (Dayak Meratus) iyalah sabuting basa lawan Basa Banjar lawan persentase kira-kira 44--51% (lainan subdialek atawa lainan dialek). Di Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah, Basa Banjar tardiri atas dua dialek, yaitu: # dialek Pematang Panjang nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pematang Panjang, Kacamatan Pambuang Hilir (Seruyan Hilir) dan di Kampung Tanjung Rangas, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir, Kabupatin Seruyan. Persentase parbidaan bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri antarisolek nintu sebesar 27,25% jadinya dinyatakan lainan wicara; # dialek Kuala Jelai diucap'akan di Kampung Kuala Jelai (Jelai), Kacamatan Kuala Jelai, Kabupatin Kotawaringin Barat, Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah. Persentase parbidaan bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri antarisolek nintu sebesar 74,05%. Basa Banjar, baik nang ada di Prupinsi Kalimantan Salatan atawa nang ada di Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah iyalah basa nang sama lawan persentase parbidaan sebesar 48% (lainan subdialek). Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Riau duwa Kapulauan Riau diucap'akan di Kabupatin Indragiri Hilir. Basa naya tardiri atas ampat dialek, yaitu # dialek Pekan Kemis nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pekan Kemis; # dialek Simpang Gaung nang diucap'akan di Kampung Simpang Gaung; # dialek Sei Raya-Sungai Piring nang diucap'akan di Kampung Sei Raya duwa Sungai Piring; # dialek Teluk Jira nang diucap'akan di Kampung Teluk Jira. Persentase antar kaampat dialek nintu kira-kira 55,06%. Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, persentase parbidaan antara dialek Banjar nang tahaga di Kalimantan Salatan duwa dialek Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Riau/Kapulauan Riau iyalah sebesar 66,75% (lainan dialek). Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Jambi tardiri atas talu dialek, yaitu: # dialek Paritpudin nang diucap'akan di Kampung Paritpudin, Kacamatan Pangabuan, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat; # dialek Pembengis nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pembengis, Kacamatan Pangabuan, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat; # dialek Sungairambut nang diucap'akan di Kampung Sungairambut, Kacamatan Rantau Rasau, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Timur. Persentase parbidaan antar katalu dialek nintu kira-kira 53,75%--56%. Pahadangan nitu, persentase parbidaan antara isolek Banjar nang tahaga di Kalimantan Salatan lawan isolek Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Jambi iyalah sebesar 72,75% (lainan dialek). Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, isolek Banjar iya sabuting basa lawan persentase parbidaan kira-kira 82%--98% lamun dibandingkan lawan bahasa-basa di sekitarnya, misalnya Basa Banjar lawan [[Wb/bjn/Basa Samihin|basa Samihin]], [[Wb/bjn/Basa Maanyan|Maanyan]], [[Wb/bjn/Basa Berangas|Berangas]], lawan [[Wb/bjn/Basa Bakumpai|Bakumpai]]. == Di Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah == Basa Banjar diucap'akan lawan bubuhan urang di Kampung Pematang Panjang, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir Timur, di Kampung Tanjungrangas, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir, Kabupatin Seruyan, lawan di Kalurahan Kuala Jelai, Kacamatan Jelai, Kabupatin Sukamara, Prupinsi Kalimantan Tangah. Basa Banjar nang diucap'akan di Kalimantan Tangah tardiri atas dua dialek, yaitu: # dialek Pematang Panjang nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pematang Panjang, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir duwa di Kampung Tanjungrangas, Kacamatan Seruyan Hilir, Kabupatin Seruyan. Persentase parbidaan bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri antarkedua isolek nintu sebesar 27,25% jadinya dinyatakan lainan wicara; # dialek Kuala Jelai diucap'akan di Kalurahan Kuala Jelai, Kacamatan Jelai, Kabupatin Sukamara. Persentase parbidaan bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri antarisolek nintu sebesar 74,05%. Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, isolek Banjar iyalah sabuting basa lawan persentase parbidaan kira-kira 84%--94% lamun dibandingakan lawan basa-basa di sekitarnya. Misalnya Basa Banjar lawan basa Balai, [[Wb/bjn/Basa Dayak Kapuas|basa Dayak Kapuas]], basa Mentaya, dan lawan [[Wb/bjn/Basa Sampit|basa Sampit]]. == Di Prupinsi Jambi == Basa Banjar nang ada di Prupinsi Jambi diucap'akan di Kampung Parit Pudin, Kacamatan Pangabuan, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat; Kampung Pembengis, Kacamatan Bram Itam, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat; lawan Kampung Sungairambut, Kacamatan Berbak, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Timur. Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Jambi tardiri atas talu dialek, yaitu: # dialek Paritpudin nang diucap'akan di Kampung Parit Pudin, Kacamatan Pangabuan, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat, # dialek Pembengis nang diucap'akan di Kampung Pembengis, Kacamatan Bram Itam, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Barat, lawan # dialek Sungairambut nang diucap'akan di Kampung Sungairambut, Kacamatan Berbak, Kabupatin Tanjung Jabung Timur. Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, persentase parbidaan katalu dialek nintu kira-kira 53,75--56%. Pahadangan nitu, persentase parbidaan Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Kalimantan Salatan lawan di Prupinsi Jambi sebesar 72,75% jadinya balainan dialek. == Di Prupinsi Riau == Basa Banjar nang ada di Prupinsi Riau diucap'akan di Kampung Pekan Kamis, Kacamatan Tembilahan Hulu; Kampung Simpang Gaung, Kacamatan Gaung; Kampung Sungairaya lawan Kalurahan Sungaipiring Kacamatan Batang Tuaka; Kampung Telukjira, Kacamatan Tempuling, Kabupatin Indragiri Hilir. Basa Banjar tardiri atas ampat dialek, yaitu: # dialek Pekan Kamis diucap'akan di Kampung Pekan Kamis, Kacamatan Tembilahan Hulu, # dialek Simpang Gaung diucap'akan di Kampung Simpang Gaung, Kacamatan Gaung, # dialek Sungai Raya-Sungai Piring diucap'akan di Kampung Sungairaya dan Kalurahan Sungaipiring Kacamatan Batang Tuaka, lawan # dialek Teluk Jira diucap'akan di Kampung Telukjira, Kacamatan Tempuling. Bardasarkan hasil rikinan dialektometri, persentase parbidaan kaampat dialek nintu kira-kira 51%--80%. Persentase parbidaan antara Basa Banjar nang tahaga di Prupinsi Riau lawan di Kalimantan Salatan sebesar 66,75% (lainan dialek). == Pranala luar == {{Wb/bjn/Wikipidia}} [[Category:Basa Banjar]] [[Category:Basa di Indunisia]] [[Category:Basa]] {{INTERWIKI|Q33151}} i6udy9l8r5idobjmnl9n24kkiha59nc 0 3827385 7374743 2026-10-26T08:37:59Z Mariam Gambi 2705331 Gawo Baamaako fonnda 7374743 wikitext text/x-wiki Gawo Baamaako gonnda fonndo laala zaa jirii moora yan kan fonda assaraa halla honne zaroo ama na hinessa. Fonda hassaraa kate chandey bobo koyra izey ga wani wani mamalakey, zamaa djinaa ci hinne ka bisaa n'da talkaa. 9vl4696b5rvhgt533x7i8ab9ip02y5g 0 3827386 7374744 2026-10-26T08:44:24Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/آتلان یارادیلیر 7374744 wikitext text/x-wiki == آتلان== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #آتلان← حاصیلِ [[Wt/azb/آت|آت]]. [[Wt/azb/آتِل|آتِل]]، آتیل، اوش، [[Wt/azb/دورار|دورار]] دان آتلان← [[Wt/azb/آتلاندی|آتلاندی]]، [[Wt/azb/آتلانتا|آتلانتا]]، [[Wt/azb/آتلانتیس|آتلانتیس]]. #آتلان← آتا مین، [[Wt/azb/آت|آت]] اوسسینَ مین. {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/jump|jump]] * تورکییه : آتلان * عربجه : * فارسجا: به پَر * باهار دیلی: [[Wt/azb/آتدان|آتدان]] {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[En:jump]] egzzemz0rksf1baf9ggosf56rno0jx1 0 3827387 7374748 2026-10-26T08:54:35Z ङघिञ 2644823 Created page with "Dis esa lyst o' all selected laenghwijz on dis portal. == [[Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/1|Selected artikal/1]] == {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Selected laenghwij/1|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/1}} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/1}} == [[Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/2|Selected artikal/2]] == {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Selected laenghwij/2|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/2}} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:..." 7374748 wikitext text/x-wiki Dis esa lyst o' all selected laenghwijz on dis portal. == [[Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/1|Selected artikal/1]] == {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Selected laenghwij/1|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/1}} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/1}} == [[Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/2|Selected artikal/2]] == {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Selected laenghwij/2|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/2}} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/2}} == [[Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/3|Selected artikal/3]] == {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Selected laenghwij/3|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/3}} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/3}} == [[Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/4|Selected artikal/4]] == {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Selected laenghwij/4|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/4}} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/4}} == [[Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/5|Selected artikal/5]] == {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/box-header|Selected laenghwij/5|Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/5}} {{:Wp/pih/Portal:Laenghwij/Selected artikal/5}} [[Category:Wp/pih]] i2cn2j5773bjalqowpuzsvtoi1vwlqh 0 3827388 7374750 2026-10-26T08:56:47Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/آتلانتا یارادیلیر 7374750 wikitext text/x-wiki == آتلانتا == {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #آتلانتا← حاصیلِ [[Wt/azb/آت|آت]]. آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرینین ان بؤیوک شهرلردن بیریدیر← [[Wt/azb/آتلاندی|آتلاندی]]، [[Wt/azb/آتلانتیس|آتلانتیس]]. {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/atlanta|atlanta]] * تورکییه : آتلانتا * عربجه : * فارسجا: آتلانتا * باهار دیلی: [[Wt/azb/آددانتا|آدْدانتا]] {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[En:atlanta[[ [[Fa:آتلانتا]] ngvpvqdzzv00dby8un5yg7rohrk98d7 7374795 7374750 2026-10-26T09:52:05Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/آتلانتا دییشدیریلیر/ایصلاح 7374795 wikitext text/x-wiki == آتلانتا == {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #آتلانتا← حاصیلِ [[Wt/azb/آت|آت]]. آمریکا بیرلشمیش ایالتلرینین ان بؤیوک شهرلردن بیریدیر← [[Wt/azb/آتلاندی|آتلاندی]]، [[Wt/azb/آتلانتیس|آتلانتیس]]. {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/atlanta|atlanta]] * تورکییه : آتلانتا * عربجه : * فارسجا: آتلانتا * باهار دیلی: [[Wt/azb/آددانتا|آدْدانتا]] {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[En:atlanta]] [[Fa:آتلانتا]] fy3ko6u22wp3miqon5ud7tbxcwh6jhh 0 3827389 7374754 2026-10-26T08:59:35Z Wadaihangit 2578757 Wadaihangit moved page [[Wb/bjn/Maulah:Wadai Papari]] to [[Wb/bjn/Cara maulah:Wadai Papari]] 7374754 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wb/bjn/Cara maulah:Wadai Papari]] altgly4d9e7xhajyfq3lfbp9xcqpabn 0 3827390 7374758 2026-10-26T09:08:58Z Taaliboo 2608600 Poom saahel 7374758 wikitext text/x-wiki Poom saahel Ir si doona maaɲoo woo ir sennoo ra, nga binde a ga too jiiriyaŋ kaŋ tuuri kaa ir laboo ra kaŋ s’i ga nee poom saahel, daarayɲaa no kaŋ ga kayfandi, ng’azzaatoo nda daaraa kaŋ ga t’ir doo kul ga hima, amma fayankaa kaŋ si tuku ti fitawey ga tafay, izoo ga hansa ka warga, izoo goo nda baši, hiɲa ka duu izoo ra ɲifiyan da mana too guloo doo. Ceecikey azeera fonda ra ka hin ka too a ma bangay, koro jinawey kaŋ kaa Gaawo ganda banda ga fahamoo kaŋ duwandi nga boobandiroo fondaa ra, kala daraa izoo kaŋ zay, a ma beeri kacciw, ma kanba kaa poom saahel ga, ma ngi nda woo kaŋ zay kosoray, jirbiyaŋ i ga dobu ,hal’i dobu kul izoo ga tee poom saahel, poom saahel hayroo ga boobo, a goo nda nooru, ɲaa foo ra boro ga hin ka duu zenber waranka wal’a ma bisa. [[Category:Wp/ses]] jwiy9io7xnwpaq4rykncgokiya2b8os 0 3827391 7374762 2026-10-26T09:16:31Z Absudar 2108561 Absudar moved page [[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲃ]] to [[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ]] over redirect: Where is that Bohairic form attested? 7374762 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wp/cop/Ⲁ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲡ]] tuhdif1j2ara7r0k8dbepaivt0oeyki 14 3827392 7374781 2026-10-26T09:28:43Z Babel AutoCreate 20146 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page 7374781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel-autocreate-text-levels|0|Nyankole|nyn}} 33hew7xxlk5wysvnogycw8q0xd82ex7 14 3827393 7374782 2026-10-26T09:28:43Z Babel AutoCreate 20146 Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page 7374782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel-autocreate-text-levels|0|Koyraboro Senni|ses}} ktjufhoar7hplwl2r9p37rydip74mmb 14 3827394 7374783 2026-10-26T09:29:21Z Пан Хаунд 2 2597454 /* */ 7374783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User language category|ses}} d0prw44f545h6g7ciiz0nh0sztzpfaq 0 3827395 7374788 2026-10-26T09:40:00Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 Created page with "'''Nord-Kivu''' anyi '''Kivu wa ku mutu''' tshidi polovense udi ku Est kua Ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata. Bufuki buende budi ne mishindu ya bungi ya nyama ne mitshi, kadi kabidi mu buloba buende budi ne majiba, misulu, neje ne mikuna ya kapia. [[Category:Wp/lua]]" 7374788 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nord-Kivu''' anyi '''Kivu wa ku mutu''' tshidi polovense udi ku Est kua Ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata. Bufuki buende budi ne mishindu ya bungi ya nyama ne mitshi, kadi kabidi mu buloba buende budi ne majiba, misulu, neje ne mikuna ya kapia. [[Category:Wp/lua]] 0mlwpbb8tr3wlad5e5umfl19la6dcx3 7374790 7374788 2026-10-26T09:41:45Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 /* */ 7374790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nord-Kivu''' anyi '''Kivu wa ku mutu''' tshidi polovense udi ku Est kua Ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata. Bufuki buende budi ne mishindu ya bungi ya nyama ne mitshi, kadi kabidi mu buloba buende budi ne majiba, misulu, neje ne mikuna ya kapia. [[File:Democratic Republic of the Congo (26 provinces) - Nord-Kivu.svg|170px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] f22ym163m2nx7j9jizs7pylxe9qsev2 7374791 7374790 2026-10-26T09:43:02Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 /* */ 7374791 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nord-Kivu''' anyi '''Kivu wa ku mutu''' tshidi polovense udi ku Est kua [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|Ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata]]. Bufuki buende budi ne mishindu ya bungi ya nyama ne mitshi, kadi kabidi mu buloba buende budi ne majiba, misulu, neje ne mikuna ya kapia. [[File:Democratic Republic of the Congo (26 provinces) - Nord-Kivu.svg|170px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] qiwh05kwhxo16m2y5na2av5p5glvz77 7374810 7374791 2026-10-26T10:30:56Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 /* */ 7374810 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nord-Kivu''' anyi '''Kivu wa ku mutu''' tshidi polovense udi ku mubandu kua [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|Ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata]]. Bufuki buende budi ne mishindu ya bungi ya nyama ne mitshi, kadi kabidi mu buloba buende budi ne majiba, misulu, neje ne mikuna ya kapia. [[File:Democratic Republic of the Congo (26 provinces) - Nord-Kivu.svg|170px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] 1p1elqy6yjdfcqbrxmis6m9ihgpag07 0 3827396 7374789 2026-10-26T09:40:15Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/آتلانتیس یارادیلیر 7374789 wikitext text/x-wiki == آتلانتیس== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #آتلانتیس← حاصیلِ [[Wt/azb/آت|آت]]. تؤلی آتلان، تئز دوش← [[Wt/azb/آتلاندی|آتلاندی]]، [[Wt/azb/آتلانتا|آتلانتا]]، [[Wt/azb/آتلانتیک|آتلانتیک]]. #:افلاطونون داستانلاریندا آتلانتیس اویقارلیغینا و اونون دنیزلر آراسیندا ایمپراطورلوگو. بو ایمپراطورلوک بۆتۆن باتئی اؤلکه لرینه حاکیم دیر. [[File:Gustave Doré - The Holy Bible - Plate I, The Deluge.jpg|thumb|245px|left|آتلانتیس (آتلان‌تئز)]] {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/atlantis|atlantis]] * تورکییه : آتلانتیس * عربجه : * فارسجا: آتلانتیس * باهار دیلی: [[Wt/azb/آددانتز|آدْدان‌تئز]] {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[Category:Wt/azb/هارسی دیله]] [[Category:Wt/azb/اسکی تورکجه]] [[En:atlantis]] [[Fa:آتلانتیس]] d1scgm37851q90vxkit30c056nv6r7v 7374802 7374789 2026-10-26T10:11:54Z Shams948 77520 Wt/azb/آتلانتیس دییشدیریلیر/ایصلاح 7374802 wikitext text/x-wiki == آتلانتیس== {{Wt/azb/آنلام‌لار}} #آتلانتیس← حاصیلِ [[Wt/azb/آت|آت]]. تؤلی آتلان، تئز دوش← [[Wt/azb/آتلاندی|آتلاندی]]، [[Wt/azb/آتلانتا|آتلانتا]]، [[Wt/azb/آتلانتیک|آتلانتیک]]. #:افلاطونون داستانلاریندا آتلانتیس اویقارلیغینا و اونون دنیزلر آراسیندا ایمپراطورلوگو. بو ایمپراطورلوک بۆتۆن باتئی اؤلکه لرینه حاکیم دیر. [[File:Danby-deluge.jpg|thumb|245px|left|آتلانتیس(آتلان‌تئز)]] {{Wt/azb/یازیلیش‌لار}} * لاتینجه : * اینگیلیزجه: [[Wt/azb/atlantis|atlantis]] * تورکییه : آتلانتیس * عربجه : * فارسجا: آتلانتیس * باهار دیلی: [[Wt/azb/آددانتز|آدْدان‌تئز]] {{Wt/azb/کؤکن}} * اسکی تورکجه {{Wt/azb/قایناق‌لار}} [[Category:Wt/azb]] [[Category:Wt/azb/بوتون سؤزجوکلر]] [[Category:Wt/azb/تورکجه سؤزجوک]] [[Category:Wt/azb/هارسی دیله]] [[Category:Wt/azb/اسکی تورکجه]] [[En:atlantis]] [[Fa:آتلانتیس]] ijuh2gyytszex65z6q8hp56blar6g8w 0 3827397 7374796 2026-10-26T09:55:28Z Janak Bhatta 480991 New article 7374796 wikitext text/x-wiki '''डेभिस झरना''' नेपालको गण्डकी प्रदेशको पोखरा महानगरपालिकामा अवस्थित एक प्रसिद्ध पर्यटकीय स्थल हो। यसलाई '''पाताले छाँगो''' पनि भनिन्छ। यो झरना पोखराको प्रमुख प्राकृतिक आकर्षणमध्ये एक हो। यहाँ पानी जमिनको सतहबाट तल गहिरो खोँचमा खस्दै भूमिगत मार्गबाट बग्ने भएकाले यसको विशेष भौगोलिक बनावटले पर्यटकलाई आकर्षित गर्छ। as6xudl2uqkqqekfc1p1r08nedv0kqd 7374797 7374796 2026-10-26T09:55:42Z Janak Bhatta 480991 added [[Category:Wy/ne]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7374797 wikitext text/x-wiki '''डेभिस झरना''' नेपालको गण्डकी प्रदेशको पोखरा महानगरपालिकामा अवस्थित एक प्रसिद्ध पर्यटकीय स्थल हो। यसलाई '''पाताले छाँगो''' पनि भनिन्छ। यो झरना पोखराको प्रमुख प्राकृतिक आकर्षणमध्ये एक हो। यहाँ पानी जमिनको सतहबाट तल गहिरो खोँचमा खस्दै भूमिगत मार्गबाट बग्ने भएकाले यसको विशेष भौगोलिक बनावटले पर्यटकलाई आकर्षित गर्छ। [[Category:Wy/ne]] o31ror6l9r0848c14cizdp8z6y5ycb2 7374798 7374797 2026-10-26T09:55:59Z Janak Bhatta 480991 added [[Category:Wy/ne/नेपालका पर्यटकीय क्षेत्रहरू]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 7374798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''डेभिस झरना''' नेपालको गण्डकी प्रदेशको पोखरा महानगरपालिकामा अवस्थित एक प्रसिद्ध पर्यटकीय स्थल हो। यसलाई '''पाताले छाँगो''' पनि भनिन्छ। यो झरना पोखराको प्रमुख प्राकृतिक आकर्षणमध्ये एक हो। यहाँ पानी जमिनको सतहबाट तल गहिरो खोँचमा खस्दै भूमिगत मार्गबाट बग्ने भएकाले यसको विशेष भौगोलिक बनावटले पर्यटकलाई आकर्षित गर्छ। [[Category:Wy/ne]] [[Category:Wy/ne/नेपालका पर्यटकीय क्षेत्रहरू]] lzxmh8uuafx73l48ls00ggmnbj0de9t 0 3827398 7374805 2026-10-26T10:24:23Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 Created page with "'''Sud-Kivu''' anyi '''kivu wa kuinshi''' tshidi Polovensa wa mu ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata, udi ku Est kua ditunga, ne tshimenga tshikulu tshia Bukavu (mu tshitupa tshîpi Uvira katshia ku dikuata dia Bukavu kudi M23 mu ngondo muibidi 2025). [[Category:Wp/lua]]" 7374805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sud-Kivu''' anyi '''kivu wa kuinshi''' tshidi Polovensa wa mu ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata, udi ku Est kua ditunga, ne tshimenga tshikulu tshia Bukavu (mu tshitupa tshîpi Uvira katshia ku dikuata dia Bukavu kudi M23 mu ngondo muibidi 2025). [[Category:Wp/lua]] fkg3yv0rceo3ampngul778swpxppqnm 7374806 7374805 2026-10-26T10:25:19Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 /* */ 7374806 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sud-Kivu''' anyi '''kivu wa kuinshi''' tshidi Polovensa wa mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata]], udi ku Est kua ditunga, ne tshimenga tshikulu tshia Bukavu (mu tshitupa tshîpi Uvira katshia ku dikuata dia Bukavu kudi M23 mu ngondo muibidi 2025). [[Category:Wp/lua]] ey0c31h1fb27etlpa8nyqb4done4epd 7374807 7374806 2026-10-26T10:26:54Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 7374807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sud-Kivu''' anyi '''kivu wa kuinshi''' tshidi Polovensa wa mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata]], udi ku Est kua ditunga, ne tshimenga tshikulu tshia Bukavu (mu tshitupa tshîpi Uvira katshia ku dikuata dia Bukavu kudi M23 mu ngondo muibidi 2025). [[Wp/lua/File :Democratic Republic of the Congo (26 provinces) - Sud-Kivu.svg|170px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] ai8ye62ogeujvungy2jkvdmgzec9b59 7374808 7374807 2026-10-26T10:27:19Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 /* */ 7374808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sud-Kivu''' anyi '''kivu wa kuinshi''' tshidi Polovensa wa mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata]], udi ku Est kua ditunga, ne tshimenga tshikulu tshia Bukavu (mu tshitupa tshîpi Uvira katshia ku dikuata dia Bukavu kudi M23 mu ngondo muibidi 2025). [[File:Democratic Republic of the Congo (26 provinces) - Sud-Kivu.svg|170px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] a6mezenqj965twbhkcwnpaz98kgyz2c 7374809 7374808 2026-10-26T10:29:23Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 /* */ 7374809 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sud-Kivu''' anyi '''kivu wa kuinshi''' tshidi Polovensa wa mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata]], udi ku mubandu kua ditunga, ne tshimenga tshikulu tshia Bukavu (mu tshitupa tshîpi Uvira katshia ku dikuata dia Bukavu kudi M23 mu ngondo muibidi 2025). [[File:Democratic Republic of the Congo (26 provinces) - Sud-Kivu.svg|170px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] c2dpg09835htdy2go604rxhmmsuq4rc 0 3827399 7374811 2026-10-26T10:38:26Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 Created page with "'''Kasai Oriental''' tshidi Polovensa wa mu ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata, muenza mu 2015, kunyima kua dikosolola dia Polovensa wa kale wa Kasai-Oriental ne tshimenga tshia Mbujimayi bu tshimenga tshikulu. [[Category:Wp/lua]]" 7374811 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kasai Oriental''' tshidi Polovensa wa mu ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata, muenza mu 2015, kunyima kua dikosolola dia Polovensa wa kale wa Kasai-Oriental ne tshimenga tshia Mbujimayi bu tshimenga tshikulu. [[Category:Wp/lua]] 03uo6xgskyypl55beyrlqqs8b1u4y55 7374812 7374811 2026-10-26T10:39:36Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 /* */ 7374812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kasai Oriental''' tshidi Polovensa wa mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata]], muenza mu 2015, kunyima kua dikosolola dia Polovensa wa kale wa Kasai-Oriental ne tshimenga tshia Mbujimayi bu tshimenga tshikulu. [[Category:Wp/lua]] lychzg8hocfrhkr816o33t4i2xa4ei9 7374813 7374812 2026-10-26T10:40:03Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 /* */ 7374813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kasai Oriental''' tshidi Polovensa wa mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata]], muenza mu 2015, kunyima kua dikosolola dia Polovensa wa kale wa Kasai-Oriental ne tshimenga tshia [[Wp/lua/Mbujimayi|Mbujimayi]] bu tshimenga tshikulu. [[Category:Wp/lua]] q33bdura9od9kznbpl81sosdbvie3mo 7374814 7374813 2026-10-26T10:42:14Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 /* */ 7374814 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kasai Oriental''' tshidi Polovensa wa mu [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata]], muenza mu 2015, kunyima kua dikosolola dia Polovensa wa kale wa Kasai-Oriental ne tshimenga tshia [[Wp/lua/Mbujimayi|Mbujimayi]] bu tshimenga tshikulu. [[File:Democratic Republic of the Congo (26 provinces) - Kasaï-Oriental.svg|170px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] 5j1w0eu2wugku2063lvscvvhgr00b84 0 3827400 7374815 2026-10-26T10:55:43Z Absudar 2108561 Created page with "[[File:British Passport 2020.svg|thumb|Ⲡⲓⲥⲩⲅⲉⲗⲗⲓ ⲙ̀ⲃⲣⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲥ.]] '''Ⲡⲓⲥⲩⲅⲉⲗⲗⲓ''' ⲟⲩⲭⲁⲣⲧⲏⲥ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲓⲧ-ⲡⲉ. {{INTERWIKI|Q43812}} [[Category:Wp/cop]]" 7374815 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:British Passport 2020.svg|thumb|Ⲡⲓⲥⲩⲅⲉⲗⲗⲓ ⲙ̀ⲃⲣⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲥ.]] '''Ⲡⲓⲥⲩⲅⲉⲗⲗⲓ''' ⲟⲩⲭⲁⲣⲧⲏⲥ ⲙ̀ⲙⲱⲓⲧ-ⲡⲉ. {{INTERWIKI|Q43812}} [[Category:Wp/cop]] 6q79vxjdh3wuig40b60vpgue1iaoveo 0 3827401 7374816 2026-10-26T10:59:12Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 Created page with "'''Kasaï''' tshidi polovense wa ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata katshia mu tshidimu tshia 2015, kunyima kua ditapuluka dia polovense wa Kasai-Occidental. Udi munkatshi mua ditunga ku musulu wa Kasai. [[Category:Wp/lua]]" 7374816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kasaï''' tshidi polovense wa ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata katshia mu tshidimu tshia 2015, kunyima kua ditapuluka dia polovense wa Kasai-Occidental. Udi munkatshi mua ditunga ku musulu wa Kasai. [[Category:Wp/lua]] 59xvus39acdpsze0xcau4mtu68banx4 7374817 7374816 2026-10-26T11:00:05Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 /* */ 7374817 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kasaï''' tshidi polovense wa [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata]] katshia mu tshidimu tshia 2015, kunyima kua ditapuluka dia polovense wa Kasai-Occidental. Udi munkatshi mua ditunga ku musulu wa Kasai. [[Category:Wp/lua]] lms30iah1gtcmwr2n3v7r7pk0b1ez19 7374818 7374817 2026-10-26T11:01:38Z Chrisdanielkazadi 2595299 /* */ 7374818 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kasaï''' tshidi polovense wa [[Wp/lua/Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata|ditunga dia Kongu wa mu ngalata]] katshia mu tshidimu tshia 2015, kunyima kua ditapuluka dia polovense wa Kasai-Occidental. Udi munkatshi mua ditunga ku musulu wa Kasai. [[File:Democratic Republic of the Congo (26 provinces) - Kasaï.svg|170px|right]] [[Category:Wp/lua]] esoqtp55ze1m8uh3fv1lf3su1258zbt 10 3827402 7374819 2026-10-26T11:03:09Z Thekrow280 2717775 Created page with ".custom-blue-box h2 { background: #4b89c3; color: #ffffff !important; margin: 0 !important; padding: 8px 12px !important; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em !important; font-weight: bold !important; border-bottom: none !important; } .custom-box-content { padding: 15px; font-size: 0.9em; }" 7374819 sanitized-css text/css .custom-blue-box h2 { background: #4b89c3; color: #ffffff !important; margin: 0 !important; padding: 8px 12px !important; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em !important; font-weight: bold !important; border-bottom: none !important; } .custom-box-content { padding: 15px; font-size: 0.9em; } t4bzznnz6ycl8ot1kjypu9jyvxqyso9 0 3827403 7374820 2026-10-26T11:28:16Z ङघिञ 2644823 Created page with "<center>'''Laenghwijz o' t' woral wi' ISO 639-1 codes'''</center> [[Image:Icon-notepad.svg|right|43px]] [[Wp/pih/Afar|Afar]] (aa) • [[Wp/pih/Abkhazian|Abkhazian]] (ab) • [[Wp/pih/Avestan|Avestan]] (ae) • [[Wp/pih/Afrikaans|Afrikaans]] (af) • [[Wp/pih/Akan|Akan]] (ak) • [[Wp/pih/Amharic|Amharic]] (am) • [[Wp/pih/Aragonese|Aragonese]] (an) • [[Wp/pih/Erabek|Erabek]] (ar) • [[Wp/pih/Assamese|Assamese]] (as) • [[Wp/pih/Avaric|Avaric]] (av) • Wp/pih/Ayma..." 7374820 wikitext text/x-wiki <center>'''Laenghwijz o' t' woral wi' ISO 639-1 codes'''</center> [[Image:Icon-notepad.svg|right|43px]] [[Wp/pih/Afar|Afar]] (aa) • [[Wp/pih/Abkhazian|Abkhazian]] (ab) • [[Wp/pih/Avestan|Avestan]] (ae) • [[Wp/pih/Afrikaans|Afrikaans]] (af) • [[Wp/pih/Akan|Akan]] (ak) • [[Wp/pih/Amharic|Amharic]] (am) • [[Wp/pih/Aragonese|Aragonese]] (an) • [[Wp/pih/Erabek|Erabek]] (ar) • [[Wp/pih/Assamese|Assamese]] (as) • [[Wp/pih/Avaric|Avaric]] (av) • [[Wp/pih/Aymara|Aymara]] (ay) • [[Wp/pih/Azerbaijani|Azerbaijani]] (az) • [[Wp/pih/Bashkir|Bashkir]] (ba) • [[Wp/pih/Belarusian|Belarusian]] (be) • [[Wp/pih/Bulgarian|Bulgarian]] (bg) • [[Wp/pih/Bihari|Bihari]] (bh) • [[Wp/pih/Bislama|Bislama]] (bi) • [[Wp/pih/Bambara|Bambara]] (bm) • [[Wp/pih/Bengali|Bengali]] (bn) • [[Wp/pih/Tibetan|Tibetan]] (bo) • [[Wp/pih/Breton|Breton]] (br) • [[Wp/pih/Bosnian|Bosnian]] (bs) • [[Wp/pih/Catalan|Catalan]] (ca) • [[Wp/pih/Chechen|Chechen]] (ce) • [[Wp/pih/Chamorro|Chamorro]] (ch) • [[Wp/pih/Corsican|Corsican]] (co) • [[Wp/pih/Cree|Cree]] (cr) • [[Wp/pih/Czech|Czech]] (cs) • [[Wp/pih/Church Slavic|Church Slavic]] (cu) • [[Wp/pih/Chuvash|Chuvash]] (cv) • [[Wp/pih/Welsh|Welsh]] (cy) • [[Wp/pih/Danish|Danish]] (da) • [[Wp/pih/Doich|Doich]] (de) • [[Wp/pih/Divehi|Divehi]] (dv) • [[Wp/pih/Dzongkha|Dzongkha]] (dz) • [[Wp/pih/Ewe|Ewe]] (ee) • [[Wp/pih/Griik|Griik]] (el) • [[Wp/pih/Inglish|Inglish]] (en) • [[Wp/pih/Esperanto|Esperanto]] (eo) • [[Wp/pih/Spanish|Spanish]] (es) • [[Wp/pih/Estonian|Estonian]] (et) • [[Wp/pih/Basque|Basque]] (eu) • [[Wp/pih/Persian|Persian]] (fa) • [[Wp/pih/Fulah|Fulah]] (ff) • [[Wp/pih/Finnish|Finnish]] (fi) • [[Wp/pih/Fijian|Fijian]] (fj) • [[Wp/pih/Faroese|Faroese]] (fo) • [[Wp/pih/French|French]] (fr) • [[Wp/pih/Western Frisian|Western Frisian]] (fy) • [[Wp/pih/Irish|Irish]] (ga) • [[Wp/pih/Gaelic|Gaelic]] (gd) • [[Wp/pih/Galician|Galician]] (gl) • [[Wp/pih/Guarani|Guarani]] (gn) • [[Wp/pih/Gujarati|Gujarati]] (gu) • [[Wp/pih/Manx|Manx]] (gv) • [[Wp/pih/Hausa|Hausa]] (ha) • [[Wp/pih/Hebrew|Hebrew]] (he) • [[Wp/pih/Hindi|Hindi]] (hi) • [[Wp/pih/Hiri Motu|Hiri Motu]] (ho) • [[Wp/pih/Croatian|Croatian]] (hr) • [[Wp/pih/Haitian|Haitian]] (ht) • [[Wp/pih/Hungarian|Hungarian]] (hu) • [[Wp/pih/Armenian|Armenian]] (hy) • [[Wp/pih/Herero|Herero]] (hz) • [[Wp/pih/Interlingua|Interlingua]] (ia) • [[Wp/pih/Endonesyan|Endonesyan]] (id) • [[Wp/pih/Interlingue|Interlingue]] (ie) • [[Wp/pih/Igbo|Igbo]] (ig) • [[Wp/pih/Sichuan Yi|Sichuan Yi]] (ii) • [[Wp/pih/Inupiaq|Inupiaq]] (ik) • [[Wp/pih/Ido|Ido]] (io) • [[Wp/pih/Icelandic|Icelandic]] (is) • [[Wp/pih/Italian|Italian]] (it) • [[Wp/pih/Inuktitut|Inuktitut]] (iu) • [[Wp/pih/Japanese|Japanese]] (ja) • [[Wp/pih/Javanese|Javanese]] (jv) • [[Wp/pih/Jorjan|Jorjan]] (ka) • [[Wp/pih/Kongo|Kongo]] (kg) • [[Wp/pih/Kikuyu|Kikuyu]] (ki) • [[Wp/pih/Kuanyama|Kuanyama]] (kj) • [[Wp/pih/Kazakh|Kazakh]] (kk) • [[Wp/pih/Kalaallisut|Kalaallisut]] (kl) • [[Wp/pih/Khmer|Khmer]] (km) • [[Wp/pih/Kannada|Kannada]] (kn) • [[Wp/pih/Korean|Korean]] (ko) • [[Wp/pih/Kanuri|Kanuri]] (kr) • [[Wp/pih/Kashmiri|Kashmiri]] (ks) • [[Wp/pih/Kurdish|Kurdish]] (ku) • [[Wp/pih/Komi|Komi]] (kv) • [[Wp/pih/Kernowek|Kernowek]] (kw) • [[Wp/pih/Kyrgyz|Kyrgyz]] (ky) • [[Wp/pih/Latin|Latin]] (la) • [[Wp/pih/Luxembourgish|Luxembourgish]] (lb) • [[Wp/pih/Ganda|Ganda]] (lg) • [[Wp/pih/Limburgish|Limburgish]] (li) • [[Wp/pih/Lingala|Lingala]] (ln) • [[Wp/pih/Lao|Lao]] (lo) • [[Wp/pih/Lithuanian|Lithuanian]] (lt) • [[Wp/pih/Luba-Katanga|Luba-Katanga]] (lu) • [[Wp/pih/Latvian|Latvian]] (lv) • [[Wp/pih/Malagasy|Malagasy]] (mg) • [[Wp/pih/Marshallese|Marshallese]] (mh) • [[Wp/pih/Maori|Maori]] (mi) • [[Wp/pih/Macedonian|Macedonian]] (mk) • [[Wp/pih/Malayalam|Malayalam]] (ml) • [[Wp/pih/Mongoelyan|Mongoelyan]] (mn) • [[Wp/pih/Marathi|Marathi]] (mr) • [[Wp/pih/Malay|Malay]] (ms) • [[Wp/pih/Maltese|Maltese]] (mt) • [[Wp/pih/Burmese|Burmese]] (my) • [[Wp/pih/Nauruan|Nauruan]] (na) • [[Wp/pih/Norwegian Bokmål|Norwegian Bokmål]] (nb) • [[Wp/pih/North Ndebele|North Ndebele]] (nd) • [[Wp/pih/Nepali|Nepali]] (ne) • [[Wp/pih/Ndonga|Ndonga]] (ng) • [[Wp/pih/Nethilandian|Nethilandian]] (nl) • [[Wp/pih/Norwegian Nynorsk|Norwegian Nynorsk]] (nn) • [[Wp/pih/Norwegian|Norwegian]] (no) • [[Wp/pih/South Ndebele|South Ndebele]] (nr) • [[Wp/pih/Navajo|Navajo]] (nv) • [[Wp/pih/Chichewa|Chichewa]] (ny) • [[Wp/pih/Occitan|Occitan]] (oc) • [[Wp/pih/Ojibwa|Ojibwa]] (oj) • [[Wp/pih/Oromo|Oromo]] (om) • [[Wp/pih/Odia|Odia]] (or) • [[Wp/pih/Iron (laenghwij)|Iron]] (os) • [[Wp/pih/Punjabi|Punjabi]] (pa) • [[Wp/pih/Pali|Pali]] (pi) • [[Wp/pih/Polish|Polish]] (pl) • [[Wp/pih/Pashto|Pashto]] (ps) • [[Wp/pih/Porchugues|Porchugues]] (pt) • [[Wp/pih/Quechua|Quechua]] (qu) • [[Wp/pih/Romansh|Romansh]] (rm) • [[Wp/pih/Rundi|Rundi]] (rn) • [[Wp/pih/Romanian|Romanian]] (ro) • [[Wp/pih/Rushan|Rushan]] (ru) • [[Wp/pih/Kinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] (rw) • [[Wp/pih/Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] (sa) • [[Wp/pih/Sardinian|Sardinian]] (sc) • [[Wp/pih/Sindhi|Sindhi]] (sd) • [[Wp/pih/Northern Sami|Northern Sami]] (se) • [[Wp/pih/Sango|Sango]] (sg) • [[Wp/pih/Sinhala|Sinhala]] (si) • [[Wp/pih/Slovak|Slovak]] (sk) • [[Wp/pih/Slovenian|Slovenian]] (sl) • [[Wp/pih/Samoan|Samoan]] (sm) • [[Wp/pih/Shona|Shona]] (sn) • [[Wp/pih/Somali|Somali]] (so) • [[Wp/pih/Albanian|Albanian]] (sq) • [[Wp/pih/Serbian|Serbian]] (sr) • [[Wp/pih/Swati|Swati]] (ss) • [[Wp/pih/Sauthern Sotho|Sauthern Sotho]] (st) • [[Wp/pih/Sundanese|Sundanese]] (su) • [[Wp/pih/Swedish|Swedish]] (sv) • [[Wp/pih/Swahili|Swahili]] (sw) • [[Wp/pih/Tamil|Tamil]] (ta) • [[Wp/pih/Telugu|Telugu]] (te) • [[Wp/pih/Tajik|Tajik]] (tg) • [[Wp/pih/Thai|Thai]] (th) • [[Wp/pih/Tigrinya|Tigrinya]] (ti) • [[Wp/pih/Turkmen|Turkmen]] (tk) • [[Wp/pih/Tagalog|Tagalog]] (tl) • [[Wp/pih/Tswana|Tswana]] (tn) • [[Wp/pih/Tonga|Tonga]] (to) • [[Wp/pih/Turkish|Turkish]] (tr) • [[Wp/pih/Tsonga|Tsonga]] (ts) • [[Wp/pih/Tatar|Tatar]] (tt) • [[Wp/pih/Twi|Twi]] (tw) • [[Wp/pih/Tahitian|Tahitian]] (ty) • [[Wp/pih/Uyghur|Uighur]] (ug) • [[Wp/pih/Ukrainian|Ukrainian]] (uk) • [[Wp/pih/Urdu|Urdu]] (ur) • [[Wp/pih/Uzbek|Uzbek]] (uz) • [[Wp/pih/Venda|Venda]] (ve) • [[Wp/pih/Vietnamese|Vietnamese]] (vi) • [[Wp/pih/Volapük|Volapük]] (vo) • [[Wp/pih/Walloon|Walloon]] (wa) • [[Wp/pih/Wolof|Wolof]] (wo) • [[Wp/pih/Xhosa|Xhosa]] (xh) • [[Wp/pih/Yiddish|Yiddish]] (yi) • [[Wp/pih/Yoruba|Yoruba]] (yo) • [[Wp/pih/Zhuang|Zhuang]] (za) • [[Wp/pih/Shiinees|Shiinees]] (zh) • [[Wp/pih/Zulu|Zulu]] (zu) <hr /> <center>'''[[Wp/pih/Writing system|Writing system]]s'''</center> [[Image:Phrase in sanskrit.svg|left|390px]] <small>'''[[Wp/pih/Alphabet|Alphabet]]s:''' [[Wp/pih/Armenian alphabet|Armenian alphabet]], [[Wp/pih/Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic alphabet]], [[Wp/pih/Griik alphabet|Griik alphabet]], [[Wp/pih/Jorjan alphabet|Jorjan alphabet]], [[Wp/pih/Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]], '''[[Wp/pih/Lyst o' writing systems|more...]]'''</small> <small>'''[[Wp/pih/Abugida|Abugida]]s:''' [[Wp/pih/Bengali script|Bengali script]], [[Wp/pih/Bhaiksuki script|Bhaiksuki script]], [[Wp/pih/Chakma script|Chakma script]], [[Wp/pih/Devanagari script|Devanagari script]], [[Wp/pih/Gurumukhi script|Gurumukhi]], '''[[Wp/pih/Lyst o' writing systems|more...]]'''</small> <small>'''Taaeps o' writing systems:''' [[Wp/pih/Abjad|Abjad]], [[Wp/pih/Abugida|Abugida]], [[Wp/pih/Alphabet|Alphabet]], [[Wp/pih/Braille|Braille]], [[Wp/pih/Hieroglyphics|Hieroglyphics]], [[Wp/pih/Logogram|Logogram]], [[Wp/pih/Syllabary|Syllabary]], [[Wp/pih/SignWriting|SignWriting]], '''[[Wp/pih/Lyst o' writing systems|more..]]'''</small> <small>'''Sii also:''' [[Wp/pih/Histrei o' t' alphabet|Histrei o' t' alphabet]], [[Wp/pih/Constructed writing systems|Constructed writing systems]]</small> [[Category:Wp/pih]] lwckdazigy6izjvz373rp7akagx2ej9 7374821 7374820 2026-10-26T11:33:01Z ङघिञ 2644823 Adding interwiki links to [[d:Q107985799]] 7374821 wikitext text/x-wiki <center>'''Laenghwijz o' t' woral wi' ISO 639-1 codes'''</center> [[Image:Icon-notepad.svg|right|43px]] [[Wp/pih/Afar|Afar]] (aa) • [[Wp/pih/Abkhazian|Abkhazian]] (ab) • [[Wp/pih/Avestan|Avestan]] (ae) • [[Wp/pih/Afrikaans|Afrikaans]] (af) • [[Wp/pih/Akan|Akan]] (ak) • [[Wp/pih/Amharic|Amharic]] (am) • [[Wp/pih/Aragonese|Aragonese]] (an) • [[Wp/pih/Erabek|Erabek]] (ar) • [[Wp/pih/Assamese|Assamese]] (as) • [[Wp/pih/Avaric|Avaric]] (av) • [[Wp/pih/Aymara|Aymara]] (ay) • [[Wp/pih/Azerbaijani|Azerbaijani]] (az) • [[Wp/pih/Bashkir|Bashkir]] (ba) • [[Wp/pih/Belarusian|Belarusian]] (be) • [[Wp/pih/Bulgarian|Bulgarian]] (bg) • [[Wp/pih/Bihari|Bihari]] (bh) • [[Wp/pih/Bislama|Bislama]] (bi) • [[Wp/pih/Bambara|Bambara]] (bm) • [[Wp/pih/Bengali|Bengali]] (bn) • [[Wp/pih/Tibetan|Tibetan]] (bo) • [[Wp/pih/Breton|Breton]] (br) • [[Wp/pih/Bosnian|Bosnian]] (bs) • [[Wp/pih/Catalan|Catalan]] (ca) • [[Wp/pih/Chechen|Chechen]] (ce) • [[Wp/pih/Chamorro|Chamorro]] (ch) • [[Wp/pih/Corsican|Corsican]] (co) • [[Wp/pih/Cree|Cree]] (cr) • [[Wp/pih/Czech|Czech]] (cs) • [[Wp/pih/Church Slavic|Church Slavic]] (cu) • [[Wp/pih/Chuvash|Chuvash]] (cv) • [[Wp/pih/Welsh|Welsh]] (cy) • [[Wp/pih/Danish|Danish]] (da) • [[Wp/pih/Doich|Doich]] (de) • [[Wp/pih/Divehi|Divehi]] (dv) • [[Wp/pih/Dzongkha|Dzongkha]] (dz) • [[Wp/pih/Ewe|Ewe]] (ee) • [[Wp/pih/Griik|Griik]] (el) • [[Wp/pih/Inglish|Inglish]] (en) • [[Wp/pih/Esperanto|Esperanto]] (eo) • [[Wp/pih/Spanish|Spanish]] (es) • [[Wp/pih/Estonian|Estonian]] (et) • [[Wp/pih/Basque|Basque]] (eu) • [[Wp/pih/Persian|Persian]] (fa) • [[Wp/pih/Fulah|Fulah]] (ff) • [[Wp/pih/Finnish|Finnish]] (fi) • [[Wp/pih/Fijian|Fijian]] (fj) • [[Wp/pih/Faroese|Faroese]] (fo) • [[Wp/pih/French|French]] (fr) • [[Wp/pih/Western Frisian|Western Frisian]] (fy) • [[Wp/pih/Irish|Irish]] (ga) • [[Wp/pih/Gaelic|Gaelic]] (gd) • [[Wp/pih/Galician|Galician]] (gl) • [[Wp/pih/Guarani|Guarani]] (gn) • [[Wp/pih/Gujarati|Gujarati]] (gu) • [[Wp/pih/Manx|Manx]] (gv) • [[Wp/pih/Hausa|Hausa]] (ha) • [[Wp/pih/Hebrew|Hebrew]] (he) • [[Wp/pih/Hindi|Hindi]] (hi) • [[Wp/pih/Hiri Motu|Hiri Motu]] (ho) • [[Wp/pih/Croatian|Croatian]] (hr) • [[Wp/pih/Haitian|Haitian]] (ht) • [[Wp/pih/Hungarian|Hungarian]] (hu) • [[Wp/pih/Armenian|Armenian]] (hy) • [[Wp/pih/Herero|Herero]] (hz) • [[Wp/pih/Interlingua|Interlingua]] (ia) • [[Wp/pih/Endonesyan|Endonesyan]] (id) • [[Wp/pih/Interlingue|Interlingue]] (ie) • [[Wp/pih/Igbo|Igbo]] (ig) • [[Wp/pih/Sichuan Yi|Sichuan Yi]] (ii) • [[Wp/pih/Inupiaq|Inupiaq]] (ik) • [[Wp/pih/Ido|Ido]] (io) • [[Wp/pih/Icelandic|Icelandic]] (is) • [[Wp/pih/Italian|Italian]] (it) • [[Wp/pih/Inuktitut|Inuktitut]] (iu) • [[Wp/pih/Japanese|Japanese]] (ja) • [[Wp/pih/Javanese|Javanese]] (jv) • [[Wp/pih/Jorjan|Jorjan]] (ka) • [[Wp/pih/Kongo|Kongo]] (kg) • [[Wp/pih/Kikuyu|Kikuyu]] (ki) • [[Wp/pih/Kuanyama|Kuanyama]] (kj) • [[Wp/pih/Kazakh|Kazakh]] (kk) • [[Wp/pih/Kalaallisut|Kalaallisut]] (kl) • [[Wp/pih/Khmer|Khmer]] (km) • [[Wp/pih/Kannada|Kannada]] (kn) • [[Wp/pih/Korean|Korean]] (ko) • [[Wp/pih/Kanuri|Kanuri]] (kr) • [[Wp/pih/Kashmiri|Kashmiri]] (ks) • [[Wp/pih/Kurdish|Kurdish]] (ku) • [[Wp/pih/Komi|Komi]] (kv) • [[Wp/pih/Kernowek|Kernowek]] (kw) • [[Wp/pih/Kyrgyz|Kyrgyz]] (ky) • [[Wp/pih/Latin|Latin]] (la) • [[Wp/pih/Luxembourgish|Luxembourgish]] (lb) • [[Wp/pih/Ganda|Ganda]] (lg) • [[Wp/pih/Limburgish|Limburgish]] (li) • [[Wp/pih/Lingala|Lingala]] (ln) • [[Wp/pih/Lao|Lao]] (lo) • [[Wp/pih/Lithuanian|Lithuanian]] (lt) • [[Wp/pih/Luba-Katanga|Luba-Katanga]] (lu) • [[Wp/pih/Latvian|Latvian]] (lv) • [[Wp/pih/Malagasy|Malagasy]] (mg) • [[Wp/pih/Marshallese|Marshallese]] (mh) • [[Wp/pih/Maori|Maori]] (mi) • [[Wp/pih/Macedonian|Macedonian]] (mk) • [[Wp/pih/Malayalam|Malayalam]] (ml) • [[Wp/pih/Mongoelyan|Mongoelyan]] (mn) • [[Wp/pih/Marathi|Marathi]] (mr) • [[Wp/pih/Malay|Malay]] (ms) • [[Wp/pih/Maltese|Maltese]] (mt) • [[Wp/pih/Burmese|Burmese]] (my) • [[Wp/pih/Nauruan|Nauruan]] (na) • [[Wp/pih/Norwegian Bokmål|Norwegian Bokmål]] (nb) • [[Wp/pih/North Ndebele|North Ndebele]] (nd) • [[Wp/pih/Nepali|Nepali]] (ne) • [[Wp/pih/Ndonga|Ndonga]] (ng) • [[Wp/pih/Nethilandian|Nethilandian]] (nl) • [[Wp/pih/Norwegian Nynorsk|Norwegian Nynorsk]] (nn) • [[Wp/pih/Norwegian|Norwegian]] (no) • [[Wp/pih/South Ndebele|South Ndebele]] (nr) • [[Wp/pih/Navajo|Navajo]] (nv) • [[Wp/pih/Chichewa|Chichewa]] (ny) • [[Wp/pih/Occitan|Occitan]] (oc) • [[Wp/pih/Ojibwa|Ojibwa]] (oj) • [[Wp/pih/Oromo|Oromo]] (om) • [[Wp/pih/Odia|Odia]] (or) • [[Wp/pih/Iron (laenghwij)|Iron]] (os) • [[Wp/pih/Punjabi|Punjabi]] (pa) • [[Wp/pih/Pali|Pali]] (pi) • [[Wp/pih/Polish|Polish]] (pl) • [[Wp/pih/Pashto|Pashto]] (ps) • [[Wp/pih/Porchugues|Porchugues]] (pt) • [[Wp/pih/Quechua|Quechua]] (qu) • [[Wp/pih/Romansh|Romansh]] (rm) • [[Wp/pih/Rundi|Rundi]] (rn) • [[Wp/pih/Romanian|Romanian]] (ro) • [[Wp/pih/Rushan|Rushan]] (ru) • [[Wp/pih/Kinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] (rw) • [[Wp/pih/Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] (sa) • [[Wp/pih/Sardinian|Sardinian]] (sc) • [[Wp/pih/Sindhi|Sindhi]] (sd) • [[Wp/pih/Northern Sami|Northern Sami]] (se) • [[Wp/pih/Sango|Sango]] (sg) • [[Wp/pih/Sinhala|Sinhala]] (si) • [[Wp/pih/Slovak|Slovak]] (sk) • [[Wp/pih/Slovenian|Slovenian]] (sl) • [[Wp/pih/Samoan|Samoan]] (sm) • [[Wp/pih/Shona|Shona]] (sn) • [[Wp/pih/Somali|Somali]] (so) • [[Wp/pih/Albanian|Albanian]] (sq) • [[Wp/pih/Serbian|Serbian]] (sr) • [[Wp/pih/Swati|Swati]] (ss) • [[Wp/pih/Sauthern Sotho|Sauthern Sotho]] (st) • [[Wp/pih/Sundanese|Sundanese]] (su) • [[Wp/pih/Swedish|Swedish]] (sv) • [[Wp/pih/Swahili|Swahili]] (sw) • [[Wp/pih/Tamil|Tamil]] (ta) • [[Wp/pih/Telugu|Telugu]] (te) • [[Wp/pih/Tajik|Tajik]] (tg) • [[Wp/pih/Thai|Thai]] (th) • [[Wp/pih/Tigrinya|Tigrinya]] (ti) • [[Wp/pih/Turkmen|Turkmen]] (tk) • [[Wp/pih/Tagalog|Tagalog]] (tl) • [[Wp/pih/Tswana|Tswana]] (tn) • [[Wp/pih/Tonga|Tonga]] (to) • [[Wp/pih/Turkish|Turkish]] (tr) • [[Wp/pih/Tsonga|Tsonga]] (ts) • [[Wp/pih/Tatar|Tatar]] (tt) • [[Wp/pih/Twi|Twi]] (tw) • [[Wp/pih/Tahitian|Tahitian]] (ty) • [[Wp/pih/Uyghur|Uighur]] (ug) • [[Wp/pih/Ukrainian|Ukrainian]] (uk) • [[Wp/pih/Urdu|Urdu]] (ur) • [[Wp/pih/Uzbek|Uzbek]] (uz) • [[Wp/pih/Venda|Venda]] (ve) • [[Wp/pih/Vietnamese|Vietnamese]] (vi) • [[Wp/pih/Volapük|Volapük]] (vo) • [[Wp/pih/Walloon|Walloon]] (wa) • [[Wp/pih/Wolof|Wolof]] (wo) • [[Wp/pih/Xhosa|Xhosa]] (xh) • [[Wp/pih/Yiddish|Yiddish]] (yi) • [[Wp/pih/Yoruba|Yoruba]] (yo) • [[Wp/pih/Zhuang|Zhuang]] (za) • [[Wp/pih/Shiinees|Shiinees]] (zh) • [[Wp/pih/Zulu|Zulu]] (zu) <hr /> <center>'''[[Wp/pih/Writing system|Writing system]]s'''</center> [[Image:Phrase in sanskrit.svg|left|390px]] <small>'''[[Wp/pih/Alphabet|Alphabet]]s:''' [[Wp/pih/Armenian alphabet|Armenian alphabet]], [[Wp/pih/Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic alphabet]], [[Wp/pih/Griik alphabet|Griik alphabet]], [[Wp/pih/Jorjan alphabet|Jorjan alphabet]], [[Wp/pih/Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]], '''[[Wp/pih/Lyst o' writing systems|more...]]'''</small> <small>'''[[Wp/pih/Abugida|Abugida]]s:''' [[Wp/pih/Bengali script|Bengali script]], [[Wp/pih/Bhaiksuki script|Bhaiksuki script]], [[Wp/pih/Chakma script|Chakma script]], [[Wp/pih/Devanagari script|Devanagari script]], [[Wp/pih/Gurumukhi script|Gurumukhi]], '''[[Wp/pih/Lyst o' writing systems|more...]]'''</small> <small>'''Taaeps o' writing systems:''' [[Wp/pih/Abjad|Abjad]], [[Wp/pih/Abugida|Abugida]], [[Wp/pih/Alphabet|Alphabet]], [[Wp/pih/Braille|Braille]], [[Wp/pih/Hieroglyphics|Hieroglyphics]], [[Wp/pih/Logogram|Logogram]], [[Wp/pih/Syllabary|Syllabary]], [[Wp/pih/SignWriting|SignWriting]], '''[[Wp/pih/Lyst o' writing systems|more..]]'''</small> <small>'''Sii also:''' [[Wp/pih/Histrei o' t' alphabet|Histrei o' t' alphabet]], [[Wp/pih/Constructed writing systems|Constructed writing systems]]</small> [[Category:Wp/pih]] {{INTERWIKI|Q107985799}} kl4m9qggdy7x9a1omampcayok24verz 1 3827404 7374822 2026-10-26T11:34:28Z Azahara Ibrahima 2715725 /* Koyra tur */ new section 7374822 wikitext text/x-wiki == Koyra tur == Koyra tur, Maali ra koyra tur ga tee haya kaŋ goo nda amana beeri, a ga tee haya kaŋ nda borey ga šeleŋ cere doo, amana beeri goo a se. Turyaney ngey taka, nda ngey talamey kaŋ nda boro foo kul ga nga boŋoo tur ka cebe woyoo kabila, jiiri hinna nda nda a ga cebe wala woyoo ga hiiji wala a si hiiji. Soŋay, Bella wala Laraw gandaa ra, turey ga šeleŋ amma boro foo fooyaŋ no ma faham i se. Koyra goofa ga tee tur kaŋ ga teendi zaari beeri hane wala woy sogo hiiji zaari. Goofa tur ga tee nda tur kaŋ i ga tee nda boŋ himbiri kaŋ ga kani i ga a dubo nda šilli ka du ka kaa yuttu mal. Goofa turoo ga cere marga woyoo boŋoo boŋ wala koofa ga. wura nda nzorfu kaŋ ga hun gaarasey doo ga goofa turoo talam, i ga hin ka tee waytaaci nda haya wura nda nzorfu kaŋ ga huru turoo ra ka du kaa woyoo talam ka boori. wurawey  nda nzorfey i ga tandi nda sanaa turoo ga. [[User:Azahara Ibrahima|Azahara Ibrahima]] ([[User talk:Azahara Ibrahima|talk]]) 11:34, 26 October 2026 (UTC) f5v6fc2eww4kte7cuz4479qxjqlzipx 0 3827405 7374823 2026-10-26T11:37:30Z Mr.sharperr 2720140 #shesaidha4 7374823 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Candis Brown,''' wanda aka sani da sana'a da Miss Diddy, ɗan kasuwan nishaɗi ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na The Brand Group, wata hukumar talla ta LA da kamfanin samar da taron. == Zantuka == * "Ba za ku zama dan kasuwa mai nasara ba tare da yanayin yanayi mai wahala ba. Don haka, ku sha wahala sosai kuma ku ci gaba da tunanin ku." * "Idan kun yi aiki tuƙuru kuka gina shi, za su zo." * "Idan dai kai ne kai gwargwadon iyawarka, sannan kuma ka gano ko wanene! * Miss Diddy cikakkun bayanai kasancewar 'yar kasuwa ce, 30 ga Maris 2020 * "Ba batun haɗaka ba ne, don haka a ce," Miss Diddy ta gaya wa BLACK ENTERPRISE. "Yana da game da dalar Black, Baƙar fata, Baƙar fata al'umma. Kuma abin da muke so mu yi kururuwa ke nan a yanzu." * Miss Diddy tayi Magana akan Nasararta a Kasuwanci, * "Ni ne masu sauraro na. Har yanzu ni yarinyar Bakar fata ce daga Compton da ke kokarin gano ta. Har yanzu ni yarinyar ce, a kan wani ma'auni na daban." * "Na yi imani da yin abubuwan da ba na al'ada ba, amma ni tsohuwar makaranta ce, kuma akwai dalilin al'adar al'ada. Idan kun kasance da gaskiya ga abin da kuke yi, za ku iya girma kawai. Yin kowane nau'i na kwayar cutar mummunan ra'ayi. * "Ku isa ga masu tsaron ƙofa, ba batun yawan mabiya ba ne. Mutanen da ke da tasiri shine abin da ke da mahimmanci." * "Mun fahimci cewa ba kawai samun wurin zama ba amma ƙirƙirar kujerun shine w anan ikon yake, kuma iko shine ke canza duniya." * "Ina tsammanin yana da mahimmanci ku sanya mutane a cikin mukamai saboda rayuwa ita ce abin da ke faruwa ... Da fatan, duk lokacin da lokacin rayuwa ya zo don ku, kun sanya isassun mutane a matsayin da za su iya ja da ku nan da nan." == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == qce6uejkigpyml1cjy7eo3ubui0p2gr 3 3827406 7374824 2026-10-26T11:37:30Z Welcoming Bot 9525 Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! 7374824 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin:.5em;"> {{Welcome-toolbox |create=(to create a wiki) |lang-support=Language support |float=right }} Welcome to Wikimedia Incubator! At the right there are some important links, and here are some tips and info: * If you haven't created a user page yet, please [[Special:MyPage|create one]] with for example [[Incubator:Babel|Babel templates]] on it. * You can select your interface language in [[Special:Preferences|your preferences]]. * If you make articles, templates or categories, don't forget to add a [[Help:FAQ#Prefix|prefix]]! * If your knowledge of English is good, you can [[Incubator:Translation project|help with translating]] pages to other languages you know, so more people can understand them! * If you want to translate the interface, please go to [[translatewiki:|Translatewiki.net]] and follow their instructions. If you have any questions, feel free to ask them on [[Incubator:Community Portal]]. </div> -- [[User:Welcoming Bot|Welcoming Bot]] 11:37, 26 October 2026 (UTC) b3rcybs15tg2fxx6sxrqwb08aa0clpw 0 3827407 7374825 2026-10-26T11:40:04Z Mr.sharperr 2720140 Created page with "Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (wacce aka haifa a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1979) 'yar kasuwa ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar asalin Amurka, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliyar Amurka mai wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 20 ta jihar Florida daga shekarar 2022 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi murabus a shekarar 2026. Ita mamba ce a Jam'iyyar Democrat. ==Zantuka== Ina nan don kawo wannan murya, fahimta, da kuma kwarewar al'adu a matsayina na mace daga yankin Caribbean, mace Baƙar fata, kuma wak..." 7374825 wikitext text/x-wiki Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (wacce aka haifa a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1979) 'yar kasuwa ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar asalin Amurka, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliyar Amurka mai wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 20 ta jihar Florida daga shekarar 2022 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi murabus a shekarar 2026. Ita mamba ce a Jam'iyyar Democrat. ==Zantuka== Ina nan don kawo wannan murya, fahimta, da kuma kwarewar al'adu a matsayina na mace daga yankin Caribbean, mace Baƙar fata, kuma wakiliyar wata gunduma da ke cike da tsirarun al'ummomi—gundumar da ke fuskantar irin waɗannan ƙalubale. Ba mu da lokacin zama mu yi shiru. Haƙƙoƙinmu, iyalilanmu, da makomarmu suna cikin haɗari. Dangane da rangadinta na "Fight Back Tour" (Rangadin Yaki don Kare Haƙƙoƙi)... Wannan ɓarna da aka yi ba hari ba ne kawai kan wani aikin fasaha na jama'a—hari ne kan mutunci, alfahari, da gadon al'adun al'ummar Overtown, da kuma mutane marasa adadi waɗanda suka yi gwagwarmaya, kuma har yanzu suke ci gaba da gwagwarmaya, domin samun adalci ga dukkan kabilu. Babu wanda ya yi tunanin cewa wata yarinya ƙarama kamar ni, wacce ta girma a wannan gunduma kuma ta yi renon 'yarta ita kaɗai, za ta taɓa kaiwa matsayin da nake a yanzu; saboda haka, kasancewa a nan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni. A halin yanzu, iyalai suna fuskantar matsaloli da dama—tun daga hauhawar farashin gidaje da ƙalubalen kiwon lafiya, har zuwa hare-hare kan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da damar samun ci gaban tattalin arziki. Don haka, babban nauyi ne, kuma ina ɗokin fuskantar wannan ƙalubale, domin yanzu za mu sami damar ba da labarinmu da kanmu. "Na kasance 'yar asalin Haiti a duk tsawon rayuwata." Na shafe tsawon rayuwata ina tattaunawa da al'umma, kuma ban zo nan don zama mai maimaita maganar wani ba kawai. Hanyoyin sadarwa na waje ==hanyoyin hadi na waje [[Category:Wq/ha]] j1reseot8ad93ioeunr4obxsj7pgzcg 7374826 7374825 2026-10-26T11:41:26Z Mr.sharperr 2720140 #shesaidha4 7374826 wikitext text/x-wiki Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (wacce aka haifa a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1979) 'yar kasuwa ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar asalin Amurka, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliyar Amurka mai wakiltar gundumar majalisa ta 20 ta jihar Florida daga shekarar 2022 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi murabus a shekarar 2026. Ita mamba ce a Jam'iyyar Democrat. ==Zantuka== * Ina nan don kawo wannan murya, fahimta, da kuma kwarewar al'adu a matsayina na mace daga yankin Caribbean, mace Baƙar fata, kuma wakiliyar wata gunduma da ke cike da tsirarun al'ummomi—gundumar da ke fuskantar irin waɗannan ƙalubale. Ba mu da lokacin zama mu yi shiru. Haƙƙoƙinmu, iyalilanmu, da makomarmu suna cikin haɗari. Dangane da rangadinta na "Fight Back Tour" (Rangadin Yaki don Kare Haƙƙoƙi)... Wannan ɓarna da aka yi ba hari ba ne kawai kan wani aikin fasaha na jama'a—hari ne kan mutunci, alfahari, da gadon al'adun al'ummar Overtown, da kuma mutane marasa adadi waɗanda suka yi gwagwarmaya, kuma har yanzu suke ci gaba da gwagwarmaya, domin samun adalci ga dukkan kabilu. Babu wanda ya yi tunanin cewa wata yarinya ƙarama kamar ni, wacce ta girma a wannan gunduma kuma ta yi renon 'yarta ita kaɗai, za ta taɓa kaiwa matsayin da nake a yanzu; saboda haka, kasancewa a nan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni. A halin yanzu, iyalai suna fuskantar matsaloli da dama—tun daga hauhawar farashin gidaje da ƙalubalen kiwon lafiya, har zuwa hare-hare kan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da damar samun ci gaban tattalin arziki. Don haka, babban nauyi ne, kuma ina ɗokin fuskantar wannan ƙalubale, domin yanzu za mu sami damar ba da labarinmu da kanmu. "Na kasance 'yar asalin Haiti a duk tsawon rayuwata." Na shafe tsawon rayuwata ina tattaunawa da al'umma, kuma ban zo nan don zama mai maimaita maganar wani ba kawai. Hanyoyin sadarwa na waje == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Sheila_Cherfilus-McCormick|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_Cherfilus-McCormick]] [[Category:Wq/ha]] 3rqlp7k5ps3izv6so0l3jnf07fxcxk8 0 3827408 7374827 2026-10-26T11:43:58Z Mr.sharperr 2720140 #shesaidha4 7374827 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ariell Johnson''' 'yar kasuwa ce kuma mai lissafin kudi, kuma ita ce Ba'amurkiya bakar fata ta farko da ta mallaki shagon sayar da littattafan zane-zane (comics) a gabar tekun gabashin Amurka. == Zantuttuka == * Eh! Tabbas! Ni mai aminci ce, haha. Storm ce soyayyarta ta farko a gare ni idan ana maganar littattafan zane-zane. Ina son komai game da ita; halitta ce mai karfi da zurfin hali. Hakika ta dauki hankalina tun lokacin da na fara cin karo da ita, domin ita ce jarumar da ke da karfin da ya wuce na dan adam (superhero) ta farko bakar fata da na taba gani... jaruma ta farko da ta yi kama da ni. Ta sa na ji cewa ba wai kawai ina gefe ina kallon abubuwa suna faruwa ba ne, a'a, ni ma ina ciki. Tana da karfi, iko, basira, kyau, kuma shugaba ce. Me kuma za a kasa so a gare ta? * Bari mu fara da abin da ya fi muhimmanci: Wanene halin da kika fi so a cikin littattafan zane-zane? Shin har yanzu Storm ce, kamar yadda kika ambata a jawabinki a taron IgnitePhilly? Me kike so game da ita? * Gaskiya, ban taba tunani sosai game da hakan ba lokacin da nake karama. Ina ganin cewa mutane bakaken fata musamman, sun saba da rashin ganin kansu a kafofin watsa labarai. Hakan ya dade yana faruwa har mutum ba ya ma tunani a kai. Ba zan iya tantance takamaiman lokacin da na fahimci muhimmancin hakan ba. Wataƙila tsari ne da ya zo a hankali kuma a dabi'ance, ban sani ba. Kawai dai na fara gajiya da rashin ganin kaina. Ina kewaye da mata bakaken fata da ke yin aiki tukuru kuma suke kawo canji. Mata bakaken fata su ne jaruman rayuwata a kowace rana, to me ya sa dole ne in yi ta kokarin nemansu a cikin littattafan zane-zane, talabijin, da fina-finai? A gare ni, hakan ba shi da ma'ana, kuma a ra'ayina, bai kamata ya zama mai ma'ana ga kowa ba. Kowa yana da hakkin a gan shi, hakkin a ba da labarinsa, da kuma hakkin a ba shi kulawa ta musamman a wasu lokuta. * A jawabinki a taron IgnitePhilly, kin yi magana da matukar sha'awa game da muhimmancin samun wakilci a kafofin watsa labarai da muke so. Yaushe ko ta yaya kika fara fahimtar cewa littattafan zane-zane suna da muhimmanci? Da ya yi kyau sosai idan da akwai littafi irin *Lumberjanes* a lokacin da nake ƙarama. Wato, gungun 'yan mata suna fuskantar abubuwan ban mamaki masu alaƙa da sihiri a sansanin 'yan mata masu bincike (scout camp)? Hakan zai yi kyau kwarai! * Wane littafin zane-zane (comic) na yanzu kike fatan da ya kasance a lokacin da kike yarinya? * "Lokacin da aka aika saƙon imel game da yiwuwar samun nau'ikan littattafai daban-daban (variants) don shaguna, ya nuna matuƙar farin ciki kuma ya ɗauki nauyin tsara dukkan bayanai da cikakkun bayanai. A gaskiya, aikinsa ne mai wuyar gaske; na san yadda ya kamata ya kasance, amma ganin ainihin zane-zanen a gabanka ya sha bamban sosai. Abin yana da matuƙar ban sha'awa!" * "Abin mamaki ne cewa na shafe fiye da shekaru goma ban taɓa ganin jarumar da ke da iko na musamman (superhero) wadda baƙar fata ce ba kuma mace. Yayin da yara maza fararen fata ke da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa da za su iya danganta kansu da su, kamar: 'Ina so in zama Iron Man!' 'Ina so in zama Batman!' 'Ina so in zama Superman!' 'Ina so in zama Han Solo!' Amma ga mutum mai launin fata daban, sai ka yi ta wahalar neman wanda za ka iya danganta kanka da shi. A koyaushe ina jin kamar ina kallon abubuwan da wasu mutane ke fuskanta ne kawai. Ganin halin 'Storm' ya zama babban sauyi a gare ni; da ban haɗu da ita ba, da wataƙila sha'awar da nake da ita ga littattafan zane-zane (comics) ta shuɗe." * "Manufarmu ita ce samar da wuri mai maraba da kowa, musamman ga masu sha'awar abubuwa irin su littattafan zane-zane, wasannin bidiyo, labaran kimiyya da fasaha (sci-fi), ko labaran ban tsoro—duk abin da kake da sha'awar sa, muna son samar maka da wuri a nan!" * "Wata yarinya 'yar shekara 7 ko 8 ta gaya mini cewa littattafan da na zaɓa suna da kyau sosai. Ban san yadda za ta ji a wasu wuraren ba, amma a nan, mata suna nan kuma suna da matsayi! A koyaushe muna karanta littattafan zane-zane, kawai dai wataƙila ba mu bayyana hakan a fili ba a baya. Ina samun kyakkyawar karɓuwa ba daga ƙananan 'yan mata kaɗai ba, har ma daga manyan mata!" == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Ariell_Johnson|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariell_Johnson]] nfzwevsuapr3r1du75ks6matsqqx6ji 0 3827409 7374828 2026-10-26T11:48:46Z Mr.sharperr 2720140 #shesaidha4 7374828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cashmere Nicole Carillo,''' wacce aka fi sani a fagen sana'a da suna Cashmere Nicole, 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar asalin Amurka kuma wacce ta kafa kamfanin kayan kwalliya mai suna Beauty Bakerie. Ta mayar da hankali wajen samar da kayan kwalliya da ba a gwada su a jikin dabbobi ba, kuma ba su ƙunshi sinadaran da aka samo daga jikin dabbobi ba, musamman domin mata masu launin fata daban-daban. == Zantuka == * "Yaranmu su ne saƙonmu ga duniya; idan zan iya canza rayuwar mutum ɗaya—musamman 'yata—to tabbas ina da ikon kawo sauyi da kuma zaburar da wasu." * "Abin da yawancin kamfanonin kayan kwalliya ke nufi shi ne ƙarfafa gwiwar masu amfani da kayansu, ta yadda za su ji kwarin gwiwa game da yadda suke a zahiri." * "A yayin fuskantar manyan kalubale a rayuwata, sai da na canza yadda nake kallon abubuwa kafin na samu waraka, har ma na sami damar taimakon mutanen da ke kusa da ni." * "Mutane suna buƙatar samun kwarin gwiwa, ƙarfafawa, da tallafi—ba aibata su ko kunyata su ba." * "Ƙarfafa gwiwar wani, sauraron labarinsa, da ba shi tallafi—duk waɗannan ayyuka ne na nuna ƙauna da mutum zai iya buƙata domin ya ci gaba da tafiya. Idan dukkanmu za mu iya nuna ƙauna, ina ganin za mu kasance a kan hanya madaidaiciya zuwa ga makoma mai haske da kyau." * "Ya fi dacewa ka mayar da hankali kan abubuwan da ke tafiya daidai a gare ka—abubuwan da ka san za ka iya yi—sannan ka yi watsi da abubuwan da ba za ka iya canzawa ba." * "Dole ne ka sami daidaito tsakanin kasancewa mai taushi da zaki (kamar sukari) da kuma kasancewa mai tsauri ko taurin kai a wasu lokutan. Har yanzu ina koyon yadda zan daidaita tsakanin waɗannan halaye biyu; kuma wannan shi ne ɓangare mafi wuya na zama shugabar kamfani (CEO)." * "A lokacin da duniya baki ɗaya da dukkan abokanka suka gaya maka cewa mafi sauƙin abu shi ne ka juya ka koma baya, ya kamata ka yi akasin haka. Ya kamata ka ci gaba da tafiya gaba, domin a cikin wannan tafiya da kuma jajircewa, za ka zama mai iko da ƙarfi. Za ka iya faɗuwa, ka ji rauni, har ma ka yi kuka. Amma matuƙar ka tashi ka ci gaba da tafiya, to a nan ne za a gina mutumtaka da ƙarfin halinka." * Cashmere Nicole ta yi magana game da samun nasara, jure wa kalubale, da kuma gina kamfani mai dorewa. 29 ga Disamba, 2017 * "Burina shi ne in tabbatar da cewa an ji ra'ayin kowa." * "Da farko, abin kamar wasa ne kawai. Na yi tunanin, 'Zan kafa kamfanin kayan kwalliya, kuma zan ji dadin abin.' Amma daga baya, bayan na fuskanci cutar kansar nono, lamarin ya zama mai matukar muhimmanci da gaske." * "A matsayin shugabannin kamfanoni, yana da muhimmanci a gano wadanda ba a biya musu bukatunsu ba. Ko da bukatun sun yi kama da 'kanana' a gare ku, hakan ba shi da muhimmanci; ainihin bukata ce, ko da kuwa daya ne kawai daga cikin kayayyakin zai samu karbuwa a kasuwa." * "Ra'ayin kowa yana da muhimmanci. Dole ne ku yi magana da mutane daga al'adu daban-daban gwargwadon iyawarku, domin ku kasance da masaniya kan komai." * "Na yi imani cewa tare za mu iya kawo sauyi." * "A koyaushe ina gaya wa mutane cewa ina rayuwa ne a matsayin wani sabon babi na rayuwata bayan na tsallake rijiya da baya." * "Babu abin da ya kai kafa kasuwanci da kanka. Idan abubuwa ba su tafi yadda ake so ba, babu wanda za ka zarga; idan kuma sun tafi daidai, sai ka yi murmushi, ka ci gaba da aikinka, sannan ka ci gaba da bayar da gudummawa ga al'umma." * "Ka kasance cikin shirin fuskantar kalubale da wahalhalu, amma idan za ka iya jurewa, za ka iya cimma manyan abubuwa da kuma kawo sauyi a duniya." * A cikin wani shiri mai dogon zango mai taken 'Yadda nake samun nasara' (How I'm making it), Cashmere Nicole ta bayyana yadda ta mayar da gano cutar kansa da aka yi mata, zuwa wani kamfanin kayan kwalliya mai nasara, wanda ba ya amfani da dabbobi wajen gwaje-gwaje. 15 ga Maris, 2018 * "Burina shi ne in ci gaba da yada manufar kasancewa mutum mai alheri da kuma sanya rayuwar wasu ta zama mai dadi." * "Dukkanmu muna ba da gudummawa ga kyawun duniya, kuma babu wani takamaiman ma'auni guda daya na kyau." * "Idan ka tsallake mutuwa, za ka daraja rayuwa ta yadda zai yi wuya ga wanda bai taba fuskantar irin wannan yanayi ba ya fahimta." == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Cashmere_Nicole|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashmere_Nicole]] kyii7e8bc2oo2j0v707h5dj6n28als2 0 3827410 7374829 2026-10-26T11:53:02Z Mr.sharperr 2720140 #shesaidha4 7374829 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaitlin Corin Fletcher''' (wacce aka haifa a ranar 15 ga Yuni, 1997), wacce aka fi sani da suna Bali Baby, mawakiyar rap ce 'yar asalin Amurka, kuma tana zaune a Atlanta, Georgia. == Zantuka == * Ina cikin mawuyacin halin rabuwa da tsohuwar budurwata, don haka yawancin wakokina sun samo asali ne daga yadda nake ji a zuciyata. Ba ni da kwarewar boye yadda nake ji, saboda haka na rika yawan zuwa dakin daukar sauti (studio) domin in dauke hankalina daga abin da ke faruwa. * Mutane suna cewa, "yi rikodin wannan, muna son mu saurara," sai na ce, "to, bari in je studio in gwada." Na yi rikodin din kuma na ji dadin hakan matuka, har na ce, "kai, ashe zan iya yin wannan!" Bayan nan, na fara shirya lokutan zuwa studio, ina shiga YouTube da Twitter don neman sautukan waka (beats). Hakan ya zama rayuwata; ya mamaye rayuwata gaba daya. * Na shiga matukar sha'awar yadda take, yadda take motsi, da kuma yadda take nuna halinta na asali ba tare da takura ba. Tana da tunani mai kyau; ina son yadda take tunani. * Ina ganin cewa wannan wani abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare ga mata a fagen wakar rap. Kamar yadda ake kokarin hada Cardi B da Nicki Minaj su zama abokan gaba. Kuma hakan ya yi tasiri, kowa ya yarda da abin, [amma] daga baya da aka tattauna batun, sai aka ce rashin fahimta ce kawai ta faru. * Ban taba rike wani gaba ko kiyayya ba. Ni ba irin mutanen nan ba ce; ba na son fada. Ina ganin yawancin abin yana faruwa ne saboda magoya baya... suna son su hada mu mu zama abokan gaba. A nawa ganin, ba wani abu mai zurfi ba ne. Ban san yadda lamarin yake a zuciyarta ba, amma ni dai burina in je in yi waka, ba na son fada. == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == [[:en:Bali_Baby|en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Baby]] elxnas1n03gre2p8tn50e3ho07w4vwe